'rii .■■ .'■! :,; :,\, Book . F^ 3 / A IS^EW AND COMPLETE STATISTICAL GAZETTEER /f o UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, FOUNDED ON AND COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL FEDERAL AND STATE RETUR.\S, SEYENTH NATIONAL CENSUS. EICHARD SWAIXSON FISHER, M.D., AUTHOR OF the'" BOOK OF THE WORLD ;" THE "PROGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES;" A " STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF AMERICA," ETC., ETC. ; ALSO, LITERARY EDITOR OF " COLTON's AMERICAN atlas;" and editor of the "American railway guide." NEW YOrvK: PUBLISHED BY J. 11. COLT ON, No. 8G CEDAR STREET. 1853. No, /' Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by J. H. COLTON, in the Clerk's OiBce of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. N. Y. Steheottpe Association, Pudnet & Kussell, Printers, 201 William Street. "9 JolJ" Street, N Y. EXPLANATION^ OF ABBREVIATIONS, ETC. MADE USE OF IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS WORK. brish bushel cap capital CO county er creek C. H. court-house dist district dwell dwelling fr. col free colored hund hundred isl island tat latitude long longitude manuf. manufacture m mile mtn mountain par parish pop population p.b post borough p. c per centum p. post office p.v post village pt port R. R. railroad r river si slaves sq. m square miles sta station t town ter territory V village Jlla Alabama drli Arkansas Calif. California Col Columbia Conn Connecticut Del Delaware Flor Florida Ga Georgia Ind Indian Ind Indiana /.'/ Illinois la Iowa Kif Kentucky La Louisiana Me Maine Mass Massachusetts Md Maryland jMich Michigan Mbm Minnesota Miss Mississippi Mo Missouri A". Eng New England AZ Hamp New Hampshire jV. Jer New Jersey JV. Mcx New Mexico JV. y. New York J\r. Car North Carolina ^V. West North-West A^ebr Nebraska Ohio Ohio Oreg Oregon Penn Pennsylvania R. I. Rhode Island S. Car South Carolina Tenn Tennessee Tex Tsxas Utah Utah Verm Vermont Virg Virginia Wash Washington Wise Wisconsin U. S United States *,* Where no date is affixed to statistics, they must be understood as referring to the year 1850 —the year of the statistical series used as the basis of the work. *,* The distances of places from the capitals of the several States, unless otherwise expressed, are by direct lines. When distances are given by railroad, canal, post-road, or river, it is so ex- pressed. A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF THE UNITED STATES OE AMERICA. The United States, a confederacy of sovereign States, and the most influential republic of the world, occupies the middle portion of North America. This confederation, cuusistiug originally of thirteen States, but now of xhirty-one States, the federal district, and several territorial append- ages, lies between the parallels of 24= and 49= north latitude, and the meridians of 10°east and 48^ west from Washington, or 07° and ]2o° from Greenwich, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and from the British colonies on tlie north, to the republic of Mexico and the great Gulf on the south. Tlie whole extent of this boundary is now definitely settled by treaty.* The greatest width of this country, from east to west, is 2,000 miles, and the greatest depth, from north to south, 1,730 miles. Its area may be estimated at 3,200,000 square miles, including California, Texas, etc. , recently acquired. It has a frontier of about 10,000 miles, of which 4,400 is sea-coast, and 1,500 lalje-coast. The territory of the United States is traversed by two principal chains of mountains, the Allc- ghanics on the east side, and the Rocky Mountains on the west. These divide the country into three distinct regions: the Atlantic slope, the valley of the Mississippi, and the declivity from the Eocliy Mountains to the Pacific. The Allegh.\nies are less a chain of mountains than a long plateau, crested with several chains of mountains or hills, separated from each other by wide and elevated valleys. East of the Hudson the mountains are chiefly granitic, with rounded summits, often covered at their tops witli bogs and turf, and distributed in irregular groups without any marlied direction. Some peaks of the Green Mountains, in Vermont, and the White Mountains, in New Hampshire, rise to the height of 5,000 to 6,400 feet above the sea. After passing the Hudson, the structure of the mountains seems to change. In Pennsylvania and Virginia tliey assume the form of long parallel ridges, varj'in" in height from 2,500 to 4,000 feet and occupying a breadth of one hundred miles. In North Carolina, the highest culmination is (5,476 feet; but in the northern part of Georgia and Alabama, where they terminate, they again lose the form of continuous chains, and break into groups of isolated mountains, touching at their base, some of which attain a considerable elevation. The Rocky Mountains are on a much grander scale than the Alleghanies. Their base is 300 miles in breadth, and their loftiest summits, covered with everlasting snow, rise to the height of 10 to 14,000 feet. These vast chains may be considered as a continuation of the Cordilleras of Mexico. They are distant from the Pacific Ocean from 5 to 000 miles, but between tliem and the coast several minor ranges intersect the country, of which the Maritime Range is the most conspicuous. The immense valley included between these two r.anges of mountains is intersected by the Jlis- sissippi River, which runs, from north to south, all through the United States. Tlie country west of the Mississippi, with little exception, is yet a wilderness, inhabited by roving bands of Indians, and beyond the limits of the organized States the whites have scarcely a settlement; but the country east of that river is thickly populated, and in the highest state of cultivation. The most remarkable feature in the face of the country is the low plain, from 50 to 100 miles wide, which extends along the Atlantic coast. Beyond this plain the land rises toward the interior till it ter- minates in the Alleghanies. The rest of the country east of the Mississippi is agreeably diversified * The treaties relative Ut these boun-iarit-s are, 1. Treaty of Paris, 1TS3. 2. Treaty of London, 1794. 3. Louisiana Treaty, 1S08. 4. Treaty of Client. 1S14. 5. Convention c.f London, 1?1 s and llii. C. Florida Treaty, ISID. 7. Treaty with Mex- ico. 1S28. S. Treaty with Itussia. 1524. 9. AsLburlon Treaty, 1S42. 10. Texas Annexation Kesolulioiis, li«. 11. Oregon Treaty, 1S4G. 12. Treaty of Guadalupe, 1S43. 6 UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. with hills and valleys, plains and mountains. The soil of the low country, except on the banks of creeks and rivers, is sandy, and comparatively unproductive ; but the remainder has a strong, fertile soil, capable of supporting a dense population. The Pacific section is a highly varied country, abounding in wild and majestic scenery, and traversed by magnificent rivers. Much, however, of its interior is desert, and will probably never be inhabited by civilized man. The great California desert, indeed, is one of the dreariest regions of the world, the solitude being relieved only by a few oases in the neighborhood of streams, or on the borders of its numerous lakes ; on these alone is there even an aboriginal population. The shores of the United States are washed by three seas : the Atlantic Ocean, on the east, the Gulf of Mexico, on the south, and the Pacific Ocean, on the west. The principal bays and sounds on the Atlantic border are Passamaquoddy Bay, which lies between the State of Maine and the British province of New Brunswick ; Massachusetts Bay, between Cape Ann and Cape Cod ; Long Island Sound, between Long Island and the coast of Connecticut; Delaware Bay, which sets up between Cape May and Cape Heulopen, separating the States of New Jersey and Delaware ; Chesa- peake Bay, which communicates with the ocean between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, extending in a northern direction for 200 miles, through the States of Virginia and Maryland; Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico Sound, on the coast of North Carolina. There are no large b.ays or sounds on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific coast, however, there are several excellent bays, but the principal and only one necessary to mention is the Bay of San Francisco, in the State of California. It is one of the finest baj's in the world, and capable of containing the navies of all the European powers at one time. With the exception of Michigan and Champlain, none of the great lakes of North America lie wholly within the territory of the United States ; the rest are on the northern boundary, where they form a connected chain, extending through a distance of more than 1,200 miles. The first in the chain is Lake Superior, the largest body of fresh water on the globe. Few persons are really aware of the magnitude of these great lakes ; they are truly inland seas, and navigation is as dangerous, and subjected to all the vicissitudes which are connected with the navigation of the Baltic, the Black Sea, or the Mediterranean. The following is a tabular statement of the extent of tliese fresh- water seas, with the mean depth of their waters, and their elevation above the sea. Naii>Ps. Mein Leor^.li. Me.in Ure.x.llh. Are™. Lake Superinr 40l) miles 811 niilfs S2,00« sq. m, " Mii'liigan 3211 " lO " 22,100 •' " Ililrnii 240 " SO " 20.4110 " " Gn-enBay 100 " 20 " 2.000 " " Krif 240 " 40 " 9.000 " " Ontario ISO " 85 " C.300 " " 8U Clair 20 " 14 " 360 " Lake Champl.ain, lying between Vermont and New York, is 128 miles long, and from 1 to 16 miles wide, and discharges its waters through the Sorel into the St. Lawrence. It is computed that the lakes contain above 14,000 cubic miles of water — a quantity more than five-sevenths of all the fresh water on the earth. The extent of country drained by the hakes, from the north-western angle of Superior to the St. Lawreucc, including also the area of the lakes themselves, is estimated at 335,515 square miles. The principal rivers of the United States may be divided into four classes. First, the Mississippi aad its wide-spread bi-anches, which drain the waters of the whole country included between the Alleghany and Rocky Mountains; second, the rivers east of the Alleghany Mountains, which, rising from their eastern declivity, water the Atlantic plain, and hence flow into the ocean; fhiril, the system of rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, which may be subdivided into those flowing from the southern slope of the AUeghanies, and those having their source in the north-western highlands of Texas ; and, fourth, those streams on the west of the Kocky Mountains, which flow into the P.acific Ocean. The Mississippi rises west of Lake Superior, in latitude 47° 47' north, amid lakes and swamps, dreary and desolate beyond description ; and after a south-east course of about 500 miles, reaches the Falls of the St. Anthony, where it descends perpendicularly 10 feet, and where are numerous rapids. From these falls it pursues at first a south-easterly, and then a southerly direction; and, after forming the boundary between Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, on the west, and Wisconsin, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, on the east, passes through Louisi.ana, and discharges itself through a delta of many mouths into the Gulf of Mexico. It is nearly 3,200 miles in length, and is navig.able, with few obstructions, to the Falls of St. Anthony. Its princip.al tributaries from the east are — 1. The Wisconsin, which joins it between the paral- lels of 42° and 43° north latitude; — 2. The Illinois, a navigable river, which joins it near latitude C Me;in Dp|.tli. 1 900 fl'ct . Elev. above tlie Sea. . 590 feet. . . 1.000 '* . . . 578 " l.flOO " . .. 57S " 1,000 " . ..578 " S4 " . .. 665 " 500 " . .. 2:S3 " 20 " . .. 570 " UNITED STATES OF AMEKICA. 38° 40' north; — 3. The Ohio, which is itself formed by the junction of the Alleghany and Monon- gahela rivers at Pittsburg. It flows in a south-westerly direction for 94o miles, separating the north-western States from Virginia and Kentucky, and falls into the Mississippi in 37° north lati- tude. The chief tributaries of the Ohio are the Wabash, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee, which last is formed of several streams from the western parts of Virginia and the Carolinas, which unite a little west of Knoxville, in the State of Tennessee, and runs at first south-west into Alabama, where it turns and runs north-west, through Tennessee into Kentucky, and joins the Oliio 10 miles below the mouth of the Cumberland ; antl — i. The Yazoo, which rises in the northern part of tlie State of Mississippi, and, running south-west, joins the Mississippi 100 miles above Natchez. The tributaries from the west are — 1. The Minnesota, or St. Peter's, which joins it about nine miles below the Falls of St, Anthony, after a south-cast course of several hundred miles; — 2. The Des Moines, which joins it near tlie parallel of 40° north latitude, after a south-easterly course of more than SOO miles ; — 3. The Missouri, which is formed by three brandies, called Jefferson's, Madison's, and Gallatin's rivers, all of which rise and unite in the Rocky Mountains. Tlie whole length, from the highest point of Jefferson's River, to the confluence with the Mississippi, is, by .actual course, about 2,500 miles, and to the Gulf of Mexico nearly 4,000 miles ; during the whole of which distance there is no cataract or considerable impediment to the navigation, except at Great Falls, which are above 2,000 miles from the Mississippi. At these falls the river descends, in the distance of 18 miles, 302 feet. The principal tributaries of the Missouri are the Yellow Stone, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, and joins it after a north-easterly course of 000 miles ; the Nebraska, or Platte, which rises also in those mountains, and, after an easterly course of 800 miles, joins the Missouri in Latitude 41° north; and the Kans.as, which joins it near latitude 39° north, after an easterly course of more thaB 600 miles; — 4. The Arkansas, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, and pursuing a south-easterly course, forms, for some distance, the boundary between the Indian Territory and Texas ; after which its course lies principally in the State of Arkansas, till it joins the Mississippi in 34° north latitude. Its length is more than 1,3110 miles; — 5. The Red River, which also rises in the Rocky Mountains, below Sante F6, and, after a south-easterly course of more than 1.000 miles, fiills into the Mississippi in latitude 31° north. The principal rivers east of the AUeghanies are — 1. The Connecticut, which rises in the highlands separating the United States from Canada, and running southerly, divides New Ilampsliire from Vermont, and passing through Massachusetts and Connecticut, falls into Long Island Sound. It is navigable for sloops for fifty miles to Hartford, and by means of canals and other improvements, has been rendered passable for boats 250 miles farther; — 2. The Hudson, which rises west of Lake Champlain, and pursuing a southerly course of more th.an 300 miles, falls into the Bay of New York, after receiving numerous aifluents. It is navig.able for ships to Hudson, 130 miles, and for sloops and steamboats to Troy, 40 miles farther. It is connected with Lakes Champlain, Erie, and Ontario by means of canals from Albany, and with the Delaware by a canal from Rondout; — 3. The Delaware, which rises in New York, and flowing southerly, separates Pennsylvania from New York and New Jersey, and falls into Deliiware Eay, after a course of 300 miles. It is navigable for ships of the line 40 miles, to Philadelphia, and for sloops 35 miles farther, to the head of the tide at Trenton Falls; — 4. The Susquehanna, which .also rises in New York, and, pursuing a southerly zig-zag course through Pennsylvania, falls into the he.ad of Cliesapeake Bay, near the north-east corner of Maryl.and. During the last 50 miles the navigation is obstructed by an almost continued series of rapids ;^5. The Potomac, which rises in the AUeghanies, and, after forming, during its whole course, the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, falls into Chesapeake Bay. It is navigable for ships of the largest dimensions to Washington, the federal capital, about 200 miles from the ocean; but in the upper part of its course there are numerous obstacles, many of which, however, have been overcome by canals ; — 6. James River, which rises in the mountains, and falls into the southern part of Chesapeake Bay; and — 7. The S.avannah, which forms the dividing line between South Carolina and Georgia, and falls into the Atlantic in latitude 32° north. It is navi- gable for Large vessels to Savann.ah, 17 miles ; and for bo.ats to Augusta, 130 miles farther. The principal rivers which rise south of the AUeghanies, and fall into the Gulf of Mexico, are — 1. The Appalachicola, which discharges itself into Apalachee Bay, in Florida. It is formed by the union of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, the former of which rises in the northern part of Georgia, and flowing south, receives the Flint at the south-west extremity of the State. During the latter part of its course, the Chattahoochee forms tlie boundary between Georgia .and Alabama ; — 2. The Mobile, which discharges itself into Mobile B.iy. It is formed by two large rivers, the Ala- bama and Tombigbee, which unite ne.ar latitude 31° north, after having pursued each a separate course of many hundred miles. There is another system of rivers flowing into the Gulf from the 7 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. highlands of northern Texas, consisting of the Sabine, Trinity, Brazos, etc., which need only be mentioned here, as the geography of Texas will be minutely described elsewhere. The rivers flowing from the Rocliy Mountains to the Pacific, consist of — 1. The Columoia, which rises near latitude 55° north, and running south-west, falls into the ocean in latitude 4tl . fi . S 9 , 9 . 9 . T . fi Georgia S . 2 . 4 . . 6 . . T . 9 . s . S Alabama — . — . — . 3 . . 5 . T . T Sratps. 17S7. 17,0. 1803. 1SI3. 192S. 1S33. 1813- 18.53. Mississippi . . . . . — . . — . . — . — . , 1 2 . 4 ,=> Louisiana ... .. . — . — — — . 3 . 8 . 4 4 Tennessee . . . .. . — , — . 8 . 6. . 9 . 13 . 11 . 10 K<'ntucky ... — , , 2 , fi . 10 . . 12 . 18 . 10 10 (ihio — — . fi . . 14 . 19 . 21 21 In-liana , .. — • . . — . — . . — . . 3 . T , 10 . 11 Illinois . .. — . . — . — . — . . 1 . S . T . 9 Missouri .. . — . , — . — . — . . 1 . 2 . 5 . T A rkansaa — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. 1.. 2 Michiffan — .. — • .. • — .. — ... — .. — .. 3.. 4 Florida — .. — .. — ..—.. — ..—.. 1.. 1 Texas — ., — .. — .. — .. — ., — .. 2 . . 2 Wisconsin — -.. — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. 3.. S California — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. — .. 2.. 2 In addition to these representatives from States, the House admits a delegate from eacli organized Territory, who has the right to debate on subjects in wliich liis Territory is interested, but can not vote. California has tuw members by a special act. The " Senate" consists of two members from each State, elected by the Legislatures thereof respectively for six years. One-third the whole body is renewed biennially, and if vacancies hap- pen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the executive of such State makes a temporary appointment until the next meeting of the Legislature, which fills such vacancy. Senators must bo at least thirty years old, must have been citizens of the United States for nine years, and be residents of tlie State by which chosen. Each senator has one vote. The Vice-president of the United States hex officio President of the Senate, but a president^™ tem- pore is elected by and from among the Senators, wlio, in the absence of the president, acts in his stead. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The constitutional government went into operation on tlie 4tli March, 1789, bvit a quorum of the first Congress, which met at the city of New Yorli, was not formed until the Cth April, nor was the first president of the United States inaugurated before the 30th April. The following is a complete list of sessions of Congress held up to the present time : gres! 1st I! ."Session, Cnfiimencecf. . e April, 1783. . 4.l!m.. 1T9I). . 6 I)e. Terminatf (I. .29Soi>t, 17S9. 1790. „, I 1st 24 Oct., '''M 2.1 5 Nov., o. ilst 2nir., "^"l 2.1 3 Nov., 4,1, .list 7 Dec., ^'"l 2(1 5 " .15 May, .13 Nov., 8 Dec, . 2 " .17 Nov., . 7 Dec, 6 1791 8 May, 1792. (1st 5I1W 2(l i 3.1 ..Ilsl ' I 2.1 ,nst ''( 2.1 <;,,,Jlsl 17 Oct "'" I 2.1 5 Nov., 1S(H 61h.| 71h -i g,,,.*'"' 2 Dec, """( 2.1 1 •■ .170 .12 Aiij., 1790 221 8 Mar, 1791 SS .198 1792. . . 2Miif., 1793 US 179' ,;'. 9.1une, 1794 190 17:. :.. 3 Mar., 179.i 121 1795 1 .Iiine, 1796 178 17915 8 Mar., 1797 89 1797 lO.Iuly, 1797 57 1797 16 •' 1798 246 1798 3Mar., 1799 91 1799 14 Mnv, ISiiO 165 1800 8 Mar., 1801 107 ISni 8M.iv, 1802 14S 1S02 3 Mar., 1S03 SS 1803 27 " 1804 163 3 " 1S05 119 Kith]!>;s- .26 Oct., . 7 Nov., 1805 21 April, 1S06 141 1S06 3 Mar, 1807 93 1807 25 April, 1808 183 ISOS 8Mar., 1809 117 11th .,22 May, ..27 Nov., . . 3 D..'C., .. 4 Nov., .. 2 " ..24 May, 1 Dec. 1 19 Sept., u„,i1»' ■*l''='=-' 12ih|^i; ( 1st. 13111^ 2. I 3. 1809 28 .Tune, 1S09.. 1809 1 May, ISin.. 1810 8Maf., 1811.. 1811 6 July, 1813.. 1812 SMar., 1813.. 1813 2 Aug., 1813. .. 38 ..166 .. 91 ..246 ..122 71 15th 2.1. lat. '1 2.1 16 Nov., Isl8 ic„, J Ist 6 Dec, IM9 lWh< „,, ,., „„.,' 1813 18 April, 1.814 1.34 1814 8 Mar., 1815 165 1SI5 .30 April, 1816 149 1816 SMar., 1817 92 1S17 30 April, 1818 161 ' ' ' 3M:.r., 1819 108 15 May, 1820 162 1S20 8Mar., 1S21 Ill Con- gress. 17lhJ Coinmeored. Termjn.^ted. 2.1. lat. I 2,1.. ( 1st ) 2.1. 20th j l.'J- i 1st. 2.1. 1st 3 Dec, ISth ■ 19th J 21slj 22dj'|S; oojjlst. ««"l2d: 1821 1822 8 Ml 1823 27.Mav, 1824 3. Mar., 1.825 22 Mav, 1826 3 Mar., 1827 26 Mav, 1S2S 8. Mar., 1829 31 May. n.ivs of Du,.iti..n. 8 May, 1822 irij 1823 92 1.824 179 1825 88 1826 169 1827 90 1828 176 1S29 93 27th 2Sth 29th 80th 1st K2.I ( .8.1 ) 1st 1 2.1 1 Ist. I .3.1. 261h]'j;J 1 lat. ) 2d. list. 1 2d. 1 1st. 1 2d. 81st«|^i- 32d]^S;' 33d ij^'; 1 " 7 " 5 " 4 S.-pt., 4 Dec, 81 May, 6 Dec, 5 " 4 " 1 " 7 " 6 " . 4 " 3 " 2 " 1 " 6 " 1830. 1.8:!1. 1832. 1833. 1.S34. Is.So. 1836. 1S:'.7. 18:57. 1S.S8. 18.39. 1840. 1841. ]8:!0.. 1S31 . 1832.. 1S33.. 3 Mar. .14 .July . 3 .Mar. .80 .June, 1834 . 8 Mar., 18:55 . 4.1lllv, IS:!6 . 3 Mar., 1837 .16 Oct. 18.37 . 9 .luly, 1838 . 3 M;ir,, 1839 .21 .Iiily, 1S40 . 3,M:ir., 1811 .13 Sept., 1S41 1841 .31 Aua., 1842 1842 3 Mar., 1813 1813 17.IU1K-, 1844 1844. 1845 10 Aos., 1816 SMar., l'<47 14 Ani., 1818 8. Mar., 1849 80Sipt. KR» SMar., 18.51 81 Aug. 18.52 8 Mar., 1S..-.3 l8S4 SMar., ..176 .. SS . .223 .. 91 ..211 .. 93 ..211 .. 89 .. 43 ..218 .. 91 ..2:iS .. 87 ..lOS ..263 .. .88 .196 3 Mar., 1st5 91 1846.. 1847.. 1848. . 1849.. 1S,50.. 1861.. 18.i2.. 18.')3.. I^"i4.. 1S.')5.. .2.53 . 87 '>.52 !'89 .801 . 91 .274 . S3 Besides its ordinary legislative capacity, the Senate is vested with certain judicial functions, and its members constitute a High Court of Impeachment. No person can be convicted by tliis court unless on the finding of a m:tjority of Senators, nor does judgment extend further than to retiiov:il from oiBce and dis.iualification. Representatives have the sole power of impeachment. The Executive Power is vested in a President, who is elected by an Electoral College, chosen by popular vote, or by the Legislature of the State, the number of electors being equal to the number of Sen;Uors and Representatives from the States to Congress. His term of office is four years, but he is eligible for re-election indefinitely. The electors forming the college are themselves chosen in the manner prescribed by the laws of the several States. A majority of the .aggregate number of votes given is necessary to the election of President and Vice-president, and if none of the can- didates has such a majority, then the election of President is determined by the House of Repre- sentatives, and that of tlie Vice-president by the Senate, from among the tliree c:indidate3 having the highest number of electoral votes, and in doing so, the vote is taken by States, the representa- tives of each State having only one vote, which must, of course, be determine.;! by a m:gority of their number. No person can be President or Vice-president who is not a native-born citizen, of the age of thirty-five years, and who has been a resident of the United States for fourteen years. The President is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia when in the service of the Union. With the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senate, he has the power to make treaties, appoint civil and military ofiicers, levy war, conclude peace, and do all that rightly belongs to tlie executive power. He has a veto on all Laws passed by Congress, but so qualified, that notwitlisiand- ing his disapproval, any bill becomes a biw on its being afterw.ard approved of by two-tliirds of both houses of Congress. The Presi.lent has a s:ilary of §25,000 per annum, and " the white house" at Washington for a residence during his official term. The Vice-president is rx-officio President of the Senate; and in case of tlie death, resignation, or other disability of tlie President, the powers and duties of that office devolve upon him for tlie remainder of tlie term for wliioh the President had been elected. This provision of the constitution, for the first time since tlie founda- tion of the government, came into operation in 1841, on the demise of the late lamented General Harrison, who died 4th April, just one month after his inauguration, when John Tyler, the Vice- president, succeeded. Vice-president Fillmore also succeeded President Taylor under this provi- 9 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. sion. In case of the disability of the Vice-president, the President of the Senate pro tempore takes his place. The ofiBces of President and Vice-president have been occupied by the following gentlemen since the adoption of the constitution : PresiJenbt. Vice presidenU. Terms of Office. 1. George Washinglon John Adams 80lh April, ITStf, to 4Ui March, 1793 2. Do. do. Do. do. .'4lb March, 179.3, " " 1797 3. .John Adams Thomas Jefferson " 1797" " IsOl 4. Tlionias Jefferson Aaron Burr " ISIll " " lSii5 5. Do. do. George Clinton " 1S05 " " 18li9 6. James Madison Do. do. (.1. 20lh Apr., 1S12) " lSii9 " " 1S13 7. Do. do Elbr.Gerrv(d.2;sJ November, 1S14) " 1S13 " " 1317 8. .lames Monroe Daniel D. Tompkins " 1S17 " " 1-21 9. Do. do Do. do " 1S21 " " lS2o 10. John Quincy Adams John O. Calhoun " lS2o " " 1S29 11. Andrew Jackson Do. do " 1S29 " " M^Vi 12. Do. do Martin Van Buren " 1S33 " " 1n37 13. Miirlin Van Buren Eichard M. Johnson " 1S37 " " 1&41 ., ( William Henrv Harrison John Tvler " 1»41 " 4lh April, 1&4I ■'*• I .lohn TvlcT (on the death of General Harrison) 4th Aprii, 1841 " 41h March, 1S45 15. James K. Polk Georee M. Dallas 4th March, 1345 " '• 1.349 ,, ( Zachary Tavlor Millard Fillmore " 1349 " 9lh July, 1S60 ^"^ ■) Millard Fillniore (on the death of General Tavlor) 911i July, ISoil " 4th March, IWS 17. Franklin Pierce "Wm. P.ui'us King (d. IS Ap., 1853). 4lh March, 1S53 " '■ 1S67 The administrative business of the nation is conducted by several officers, with the title of secre- taries, etc., who form what is termed the " Cabinet." These are the Secretary of State, the Secre- tary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postmaster-general, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Attorney-general — the last being the official law authority for advisement in administrative affairs. Each of these presides over a separate Department. The " Department of State" was created by an act of Congress of the 1.5th of September, 1789; by a previous act of the 27th of July, 1789, it was denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs. It embraced, until the establishment of the Department of the Interior in 1849, what in some other governments are styled the Department of Foreign Affairs and Home Department ; but the duties now being divided, it confines its operations almost entirely to foreign matters, and hence its original title might with propriety and convenience be restored. The Secretary of State conducts all treaties between the United States and foreign powers, and corresponds officially with the public ministers of the government at foreign courts, and with min- isters of foreign powers, resident in the United States. He is intrusted with the publication of all treaties with foreign powers, preserves the originals of all treatiesandof the public correspondence growing out of international intercourse; grants passports to American citizens visiting foreign states, etc. He has charge of the Great Seal of the United States, but can not afBx it to any com- mission until signed by the President, nor to any instrument without authority of the President. Secretaries of State — Salary $6,000 per Annum. Thomas .TelTerson, Hi... 26 Sept., 17S9 Edmun.lUandulph.ni.. 2 Jan., 1794 Timothv Pii-kcrini;, !'((.. 4 Feb., 1795 .lohn Marshall, I'./ 13 Mav, ISllO James Ma.lisi.n. Vu 8 Mar., isnl KolR-rl Smith. JW (i " 1309 James M'mroe, \' Jamt-sA. PearceGli:d'cl)2U July, 1S6U | Alex. 11. 11. Suuirl, lu. . , 10 Sept., ISoU | The " Department of the Treasury" was created by an act of Congress of the 2cl of September, 1789. The Secretary of the Treasury superintends all the fiscal concerns of the governmeut, and upon his own responsibility recommends to Congress measures for improving tlie condition of the revenue. All public accounts are finally settled at this department: and for this purpose it is divided into the office of the Secretary, who has the general superintendence, the offices of the two Controllers, the offices of the Six Auditors, the office of the Commissioner of Customs, the Treas- urer's office, the Registrar's office, the Solicitor's office, and tlie office of the Coast Survey. Assist- tant Treasurers' offices are also established at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, New Orleans, and St. Louis. Secretaries of the Treasury — Salary SInOOO per Aninon. Mar. Alex. Hamilton, X. T. ..12 Sept., 17S9 Oliver Wolcoll, Ct 4 Feb., I'tVa Samuel Uexier, ilasH 31 .Jan., 1SII2 Albert Gallatin, /'(/ 26 Jan., 1S03 Georse W. (.ainlibell, Ct. 9 Feb., Isl4 Ale.v.~ J. Dallas, \'a Wm. U. Crawl'ord, Ga. . Kichard iUisb, Pit Samuel 1-). Ingham. Pa.. Louis M-Lane, Dt:l William J. Duane, Pa... Roger H. Taney, Mil. . . 6 Oot., 1414 j Levi Woodbury, X. U... 5 Mar., 1817 1 Thomas Ewing, Ohio 7 Mar. 5 ■' is^.'i 1S29 1S31 1^83 1*)3 1S33 1»41 AV alter Fnrwar4:i 1S44 1S46 1S49 LSDO 5 Mar., lSo3 The " Department of War" was created by an act of Congress of the 7th of August, 1789, and at first embr.aced not only military, but also naval affairs. The Secretary of War superintends every branch of military affairs, and has under his immediate direction the Adjutant-general's office, the Quartermaster-general's Bureau, the Paymaster's Bureau, the Subsistence Bureau, the Medical Bureau, the Engineer Bureau, the Topographical Bureau, the Ordnance Bureau, etc.; and the department has the superintendence of the erection of fortifications, of making public surveys, and other important services. Secretaries of War — Salary S6,000 per Annum. Isaac Shelley, Kt( 5 Mar., 1S17 , James W. Porter, Pn. .. R Mar., 1448 J. C. Calhoun, i'. 0. 16 Dec, 1S17 ' William Wllkina. /'.i. .. .16 Feb., 1^44 James Uarb()ur, Va 7 Mar., 1^25 Wm. L. Marcv, ^V. Y. 5 M.,r., l>4o Peter n. Porter, X 1'. 26 May, ly_'-i Geo. W. Crawl., nl, tfd. . 6 •■ 1S49 J. H. Katon, Tenn 9 Mar., IS2i) i Edra. Bates ( Joel R. Poinsett, .S'. C. . . 1 " 1^37 | Jederson Davis, J/***' 5 Mar., 1S5:3 John Bell, 'yti«« 5 " 1V41 John M-Lean, Oliio 13 Sept, 1S41 J. C. Speneer, X. Y. 12 Oct., 1841 1 The " Department of the Navy" was created by .an act of Congress of the Z9[\ of .April, 1798. The Secretary of the A'avy issues all orders to the naval forces and superintends naval affairs gen- erally. Attached to the Department are — a Bure.au of Docks and Navy Yards, a Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography, a Bureau of Construction, Equipment, and Repairs, a Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, a Bureau of Medical and Surgical Instruments, etc. ; and the National Observatory .at Washington is under the control of the Navy Department. The ministerial duties of these several Bureaux were formerly exercised by a Board of Navy Commissioners. Henry Knox, 3[aiis. 12 Sept., 17S9 Tim. Piekermg. 7A/ 2 Jan., 1795 James M-HenrV.JW 27 " 1796 Sanil. Dexter, j/a.«. 13 May, ISUO Roger Griswold, Ct 8 Feb., ISOl Henry Dearborn, J/asy. . 5 Mar., 1^01 Wdliani Euslis " .. 7 " 1S09 John Armstrong, A". J'... 13 Jan., 1S13 -Tames Monroe. Va 27 SepU, 1S14 Wm. U. Crawford, Ga... 2 Mar., 1S15 Secretaries of the Navy — Salary §6,000 per Annum. George Cabot, Ma.K 3 Mav, 179S Benjamin Slod. lard, J/.7. 21 ■' 179S Robert Smith. .)/53 The judicial powers of the United States are vested in a Supreme Court, and in such other infe- rior courts as Congress may from time to time establisli. The present judicial establishment con- sists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and District Courts. The " Supreme Court," the higliest judicial tribunal of the Union, is composed of a Chief- Justice and eight Associate Justices, the Attorney-general, a Reporter, and Clerk. Tliis court is held in Wasliington, and has one session annually, commencing on the first Monday in December. The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction in all controversies of a civil nature where a State is a p.irty, except between a State and its citizens, and except, also, between a State .and citizens of other States or aliens — in which latter case it has original but not exclusive jurisdiction. It has ■exclusively all such jurisdiction of suits and proceedings against ambassadors or other public ministers, or their domestics or domestic servants, as a court of law can have or exercise consist- ently with the law of nations ; and original, but not exclusive jurisdiction of all suits brought by ambassadors or other public ministers, in which a consul or a vice-consul is a party. It has appellate jurisdiction from iinal decrees and judgments of the circuit courts in cases where the matter in dispute, exclusive of costs, exceeds the sum or value of 2,000 dollars, and from final decrees and judgments of the highest courts of the several States in certain cases. It has power to issue writs of prohibition to the District Courts, when proceeding as Courts of Admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; and writs of mandamus in cases warranted by the principles and usages of law to any courts appointed or persons liolding office under the authority of the United States. The trial of issues in fact in the Supreme Court in all actions at law against citizens of the United States is by jury, A final judgment or decree in any suit, in the highest court of law or equity of a State in which a decision in the suit could be bad, where is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute of, or any authorilty exercised under the United States, and tlie decision is ag.iinst their validity ; or where is drawn in question the validity of a statute of, or an authority exercised under any Jtate, on the ground of their being repugnant to the constitution, treaties, or laws of the United Jtates, and the decision is in favor of their validity ; or where is drawn in question the construction of any clause of the constitution, or of a treaty or statute of, or commission held under the United States, and the decision is against the title, right, privilege, or exemption, specially set up or claimed by either party, under such clause of the constitution, treaty, statute, or commission, may be re-examined, and reversed or affirmed, in the Supreme Court of the United States, upon a writ of error, the citation being signed by the Chief Justice, or Judge, or Chancellor of the court rendering or passing the judgment or decree complained of, or by a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in the same manner, aud under the same regulations, and the writ has the same effect, as if the judgment or decree complained of h.ad been rendered or passed in a Circuit Court ; and the proceeding upon the revers.al is also the same, except th.at the Supreme Court, in- stead of remanding the cause for a final decision, may, at their discretion, if the cause shall have been once rem.anded before, proceed to a final decision of the same, and award execution. But no other error can be assigned or regarded as a ground of reversal in any such case, than such as appears on the face of the record, and immediately respect the before-mentioned questions of valid- ity or construction of the said constitution, treaties, statutes, commissions, or authorities, in dispute. Chief-Jusliccs of the Supreme Court — Salary §.5,000 jier Annum. John .Tav, N. T. 26 Sept, 17S9 1 Oliver Ellsworth, Ct 4 Mar., 1796 I Eoger B. Taney, Mil 28 Dec, 1835 John Kutledge, S. C... 1 July, 1795 John Jav, iV: Y, 19 Dec, ISnO William Gushing, ilfa««..27 .lari., 1796 | John Marshall, Va 27 Jan., ISUl | The " Circuit Courts" are held by a Justice of the Supreme Court assigned to the Circtiit and by the Judge of the District in which the Court sits conjointly. The United States is divided into 12 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. nine judicial Circuits, in each of Tvhieh a Court is lield twice a year. The Circuits are as follows : VI. North Canlina, Snnlh Cnrnlina, anfl Georgia. VII. Ohio. In.iiana. Illinois, and Micliiiran. Vllt. K<-*nlueky. Trniussff, and Missouri. IX. Mississippi and Arkansas. I. Maine, N. ITanipshire, Massachusetts, and R. Island. II. Vermont, Conneotieut, and New York. III. New Jersey an,49I 17,462 244,609 617.762 11.0 1,021 13.422 2S3.998.764 581.813 1.860 — 683.169 19.4 3,6>2 46.7611 122.777,.'.71 417,943 74,723 90,368 533.084 62.3 8,363 21.860 219.217.364 9S'),4,50 9,064 — 994.514 1261 9,|-87 .84.23, 573.342.286 396,1.97 2,657 — 397.654 7.0 1.979 34,039 59.7s7.255 6,03s 89 , — 6.077 .0 5 157 — 296,71b 930 309,878 606.626 12.8 366 83,900 228.951.180 592,004 2.618 87,422 682,044 10.1 3,030 .54,463 137,247,707 317,456 ,520 317,976 .84.2 8.301 29,229 1 08.652.385 465,518 28,S2II 222 4S9„666 60.0 4.374 23,905 200,000,000 61,530 17 , — 61,547 .2 — — 5,174,471 8,043,326 49.069 — 3,097,394 67.6 23.328 170.621 1,030.209,215 563,023 27,463 233,543 869,039 19.3 2,623 56,916 226,300,472 l,9.'i5,108 25,319 1,9811.427 49.5 10,560 148,887 604,726,120 13,' 88 206 18,294 .0 51 1,164 5,063,474 2,25S,46;3 68,828 2,.3n.786 60.2 22,036 127,.677 722,436.120 14:3,875 3,670 — 147,515 108.0 1,144 5.335 KO.,508,794 274,567 8,956 384,934 663.607 27.2 1,473 29.969 283,257.694 756,7.'>3 6,401 239.460 1.002.014 21.9 2,7-9 72,710 201,246,636 154.084 397 58,161 212..592 .8 So- 12,198 52,740.473 11,330 24 26 11,3S0 .0 le 926 986,038 813.402 718 314,120 80.0 1,335 29,687 92,20.5,049 894,300 5t838 472,628 1,421,661 28.1 4,4.33 77,013 430,701,082 804.-5S 6-33 — 306,391 5.6 1.273 20,177 42.056,595 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Progressive Movement of Population. Colored Persons. Censna Ye^rs, 1790 ... ISOO . . . 1810 ... 1820 . . . 1S30 . . . 11S40 ... 1850 . . . White I'er«oin. . ... 3.172.464. . ... 4.3114 489., . ... 5.862.004.. . ... 7.S66..')69. ....10,532,060., . ...14,ls9,705., ....19,630,738. Free. . 69.466... .1118,395... .186,446... .233.524... .819,699... .880,292... .428,661... . 697,897.. . 893.0,57.. .1,191.304.. .1.5.38,(198.. .2,(109.1143.. .2.487,356.. .8,204,089.. Tc.Tal Pop. ... 8.929,SJ7., ... 6,3116,941.. ... 7.239,814., ... 9,63s,191. ...12.866.020. . ..17,(l6!l,4.')3. ...23,263,438. «l„te. 35.7.. .382.. , 34.3.. , »i.9.. . .34.7.. , 88.3.. Place of Origin. Mlline New Hampshire. Vernmnt Mjissachusetia . . KhuiJe Island .. . C'lnnectii-ut New York 2, New .IiTse.v. . . Peiuisylvuiiia . Delaware MarylauJ 3. Origin of the Free Population of 1850. A, — Native Populalion. Place ol (Irigin. Pop. Tennessee 826,690 Kentucky 859.407 Place of Origin. P„p. Dist. of Columbia.. 82,236 Virginia 1.26(1,982 North Carolina Soutli Carolina. Ceorgia Kloriila Alaliatna . 839.:i25 44*,689 52.'>.(j-.'il 2.'', -117 82il.9:i(l M i.-*sis-sippi 172.473 Louisiana. ... Texas 16(l,2,'.3 51,041 Ohio Miehiaan .. lii'liana .. . Illinois Mi^,soitri. .. Iowa Wisconsin . (.'aliti'rnia . Ensland 278,675 Irelanil 961,719 Scotland 70.550 Wales 29.863 Germany 573,225 74,122 1 Minnesota . J?. — Foreign Population. .1,514,885 . 153,(157 . 038.117 . 889.5117 . 815,428 . 66,738 . 06.79(1 6,698 1,334 82.2. 92.2. , 2.5.2. , 86.8. , 20.8. Place of Orig Oregon slaves. ! 27.911 . 83 4.. . 29.1.. . .30.6.. . 2.3.S. Ti.lal. !l3.5.00 ..36.45 ..8.3.12 . .33.4S ...32.07 Utah New Mexico Natives of the Ter- ritories, hut n-siU native 13,473, and foreign 13,437— total 50,353. Total cost of pauper support within the year specified — .$2,954,800. The following exhibit shows the number and cost of paupers to each o( (lie St.Ttes, within the year 1850 : St.'tea. Paupers. Cost. states. Paupers. Cost States. Paupers. O.ist ^late... Fanpers. Cost, Maine . . . 5,,503. 1151.604 Pcnn 11,561. $232,1.38 Alabama. 803.. $17, .559 Mi(liii;an. 1,190.. $27..5,50 N. Hamp. 3.6011. 157,351 Delaware . 697. 17,730 Miss 260.. 18,132 lodiatia .. 1,1S2.. 57,.5fi0 3.654. 16.777. 1211,462 892,715 Marvland . 4,494. Virginia.. 6,113. 71.668 161,722 La 423.. T.. 3',l,8ii0 488 Illinois ., Missouri , 797.. 2,977.. 4.5.213 Mass Texas ... 53,243 Eh. Island 2„56il. 45,837 N.Carolina 1,931. 60,085 Arkansas 105.. 6,893 Iowa 135.. 5,:!58 Conn 2.337. 96,624 8. Carolina 1,642. 48,337 Tennessee 1,005.. ■j0,080 Wisconsin 666.. 14,743 H. York . 59.855. 817,336 Georgia .. 1,036 27,820 Kentucky 1,126.. '.7„W5 N. Jersey 2,392. 93,110 Florida... 76. 937 Ohio 2,513.. ; 5.250 6. Criminal Statistics. "Whole number of persons convicted of crime within the year endiucr June 1 , 1850 — native 13,000, and foreign 14,000— total 27,000. Whole number in prison on the 1st June of the same year — aitivo 4,300 and foreign 2,460 — total 6,700. 15 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. II.— STATISTICS OF EELIGION. 1 . Statistics of Churches. stales. No of Cl.V Accninmo Vat..»orcii. Cr„pert). States. No. of Cli'a. Accommo- d.linn. V«liieofCli. I'n.penj. Sol 602 664 l,4:i0 221 719 4.0S4 807 3,509 ISO 909 2,336 1,678 1,1 1!3 1,72.3 152 1,235 804,477 2.33,892 220,444 6S2.90S 98.736 805.249 1,890,2?9 844,983 1,606.418 55.741 890,265 834,091 558,204 463.930 612,892 41,170 888,008 .$1,712,152 1,401,5-6 1.213.126 10,205.2<4 ],2.52.9n0 8,.'i64.8n( 21.132,707 3.540.436 ll,6ol.sS5 g40..S4o , S.947.8S4 2,849.176 889,393 2.140,.S46 1 910 275 104 185 1.939 1.813 3.890 862 1,947 1,167 773 148 244 23 275.979 ltt4.0S0 54.49.5 89.930 606.695 672.0.^3 1,447.632 118.S93 6S9..3.30 479.078 241.189 87.7.i9 TS.4.55 9.600 7.U542 1,782,470 M:iS->.:u'lltI9t'ttS 89.315 l!h.„U- Wand 1,208,876 2.260,093 6,705.149 Conni'clieiit Kow York Ki-ntueky Mirliigan 1.512,435 1,476.335 Delaware Illinois Marvtaild 1,558,590 177,400 350 600 North Canilina South Carolina 2.58 800 Georgia Florida 165 400 Totnl 86,011 18,849,896 86,416,639 Alabama l,182!o76 1 2 . Statistics of Religious Denominations. DenominfiUori!), No. of Cliurclies Accnminoda tlUIIB. Value of Pn>perly. Denomiiiationa. No. of Cliur.I.ej. Accommoda tioflB. »1 12,1,84 2,0411,316 620.950 5.070 85.075 2IS„552 137,307 205,462 115,.347 Value of Properly. Baptist 8,791 812 1,674 324 1,422 361 714 827 81 1,208 110 8,1.30,873 290.050 79.5,177 1S1.9S6 625.213 108.005 2S2.S23 156,932 16,675 531,100 29.900 $10,981,882 84.5.810 7.973,962 4,096.730 11,261.970 252.2.55 1,709.867 905.S8O .371.600 2,867,880 94.24.5 14086,071 a3i 4,584 1,112 15 63 619 248 494 825 $443 .347 14 869 889 Cronsin California , Minnesota Territory , Orceon do. T'lah do. New Mexico do. Aggregate ... 16 UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 2. Stalement of Ih e Food Crops for the Year ending 1st June, 1850. VV|,.,,i, btiahela Rye, bustiels. Ind. Corn. Ijiijliels. Oat», bu,l,el3. Bnrley, busli-flB. B'kwheat, busbeU, Rice. re.18 and U...111., bu.beU. Potatiies. Ternu>ries.* Irisli, bublirls. Swetjl, busbels. Maine •Bi.'im 102,916 1.7.50.11.56 2,181,037 161.731 104,.523 _ 205.541 3.436.040 New Hampshire. IS.i.fi.'iS 183,117 1.573 670 973.3SI 70,256 65 265 , 70,856 4.304.919 Verin'^nt 5:^.^.!l56 176,23", 2.032.396 2.307,731 42,15" 209 819 104.649 4,961.014 Massachuselts . . 31,-.'ll 4S 1,1 121 2,345.490 1,105,146 112,3s5 105,595 43,7li9 3.685.384 Rhode Island . , . 4'.l 26,4119 539,201 215,232 18,S75 1.'215 0.846 661.1129 Connecticut 41.702 6C0,S9S 1.935,04.77 43,790 16.'271,4.54 2.322.1.55 4„583 2.83 159.9311 613 1 li'>6 91111 136,,(91 4.337.469 Oeoraia 1,0S^,634 63,750 30,080,099 8,820 011 11,501 2.50 3^, ■,','..' .;:ii l.UJ.iill 'J'JT.-TO; 6,986.428 Florida 1.027 1,1,52 1,996,809 66.686 65 ] Il7", H'lll 1:;,-. :,.V.I 7 s■•^' InTWf. Alabama 291.11+4 17,261 2S,754,048 2,965.697 8,95S 348 2,311 '.".2 >92.7ul '-'16,unl 5.475.204 Mississippi 137.990 9,606 22,446,652 l,6o3.2S- 229 1,121 2 719.,s56 1,072,757 2iil,482 4,741.795 Louisiana 417 475 10.266.373 89.637 — 3 4,425,84a 161,732 96.632 1,428,453 Tex.as 41,6S9 8.1I1S 5.926.611 17S,883 4,776 69 87.916 179.332 93,548 1,323,170 Arkansas 199,C):)9 S.047 8.893.939 6.56. iNl 177 175 63.178 285,738 193,832 788,149 Tennessee l,619.3sl 89.163 52.276.223 7.703.086 2,737 19,427 268,a5i 369,321 1,067,814 2,777,716 Kentucky 2.140,^22 415,073 58.675.591 .8,2111,311 95.34:J 16.1197 5,688 202,574 1,492,487 998,184 Ohio 14,4X7 ,3.') 1 42.5,7 1"* 69.078.695 13,172,742 351,358 638.061 — 60,1 6S 5.057,769 187,991 Michigan 4,9-'5,.S,S9 105.S71 ,5.611.4211 2,866,056 75.249 472.917 — 74,264 2,359.897 1,177 Indiana 6.214.4.'is 73,792 52,964.363 5,6.55.014 45,483 149,740 36,77i: 2,0S3,:«7 201.711 Ilhnois 9.414..')7,'j 83.384 57,646.981 lo,OS7,'241 1111 795 184,.5li4 23,611 82,814 46,017 2..514.861 939,006 157,4.33 835,505 Missouri 3.9^1. IBi 44.26S 86,214,537 6,278,079 9.631 700 l.SSii..^^! 19.916 8,656 799 1 ,524 345 '*b 093 5'> .51 (} 600 4,776 211.6.57 276,120 1,402,077 6,343 879 "Wisconsin 4,2S6,I31 81,253 1,988,979 3,414,672 209.692 79,878 California 17,328 — 12,236 9,712 — — 2.292 9.292 1,000 Minn- Territory. 1,401 125 16.725 30,682 1,216 615 — 10.002 21,145 200 Oregon Territory 211,493 106 2.91S 66,146 — — 6,666 91.3'26 Utah Territory.. 107.702 210 9,899 10,900 1,799 .332 239 43,963 60 New Mex. Ter. . 19fi,,il6 — 365,411 6 5 100 — 15,688 3 Aeffrecate lflO..'i03.S99 14.1S m lO OS CO fX O CI to I ■^ I- CO CO oi to I ' oi CO in CO ' CO — — I i-H CI C) ffi SOI CO to CO lO — ■ O = CO to to en to O »-ltO CO H I OO •?" in to m I - CO Mill I I I I I I no — too CJtOO Ct r-c"* LO uo to in to I I I I I I I I I I I I 111 I I to c*o I m CO o t rs--" I S-l II I I II -f CO lo t- -r CI CO X' CD o lO to to 'o — f '-o c^ lO r C- CI C~J t- lO CD CO OO -rf t- r ^ '" ■ — — -■ i-Hoioc*iocj<-(;rcooD r CI ^ i-H r- t~ Dt o (^ CD ■- -tr >o CD C CI Ci r 3 O Cl CO CO CD in rp— .tOiOCDCDCO-^C^CC— I — r-fooooocr^ijo^oto Cl O C^ C: e^ to -?■ = c: ■ " ai ad rjT in rite* to' CO CO r-l rlOl tOiO CO no O QO C* t CO ^ . CO o in uo i.j^ — l_, I -, — ^_; \iJ «_! i-j (,-( — ilj I— '» lO OQ ■V C> O CI -i T CO CI cr, CO CO o o, I J I I C] CO ^ r-t f-l i-oocjco— 'Ciooiot^eor-totoci cic*tooc*-j-cicpc;ci-H rut-t-co OQOf-OCla?C»CiOlOCl t^mC^r-. CD^fCJCOtDOr-CDr-K-oiCICO COCO ^oio; ccoioocicj— '-j-oo r-l OCif-imfOfCOCOTll to CO CO to 00 co' ' ' 00 t6 -h_ 'ot to . o to . t- lO CDtO 00 CI If -^ "^ rH rH Oi gj — ' rH t- C* 0> CO f rH C*C* rH 10 CO iQ no ■ to to 10 OJ I 00 in ci tn ■ Ci 00 LO CO I ■3.-^_.to ! i'QOoaDa)-*'-HCcr-oot»toogpioTiiJOrHTr«OrHooorH'»j-coc r. rH m to CD r- m •»■ CO -s- o t- CO o o LO r^ ••»• o CO ci 10 •*< 00 -H CO cl f: r. -H c", CI CO in o 00 rH to •-;fv*i,^"J' cotorHGQClastocitjr^'3;cDt (■ ("^ -r in if r-T in o oi cJo CI t^ 10 ci 1" !o -^'oD 'J' t ■*I^COCOOi rHinCIrH'I'inOCr. COCI'J'rH r rH rH CO ri CO -^ in I S I ci I I I I M I I I I M r- 0-. -i^ ^ ■;; ^. ; CJ 00 -^ C" in , rH t^oci-^fooor~iotoCTi II II II I I I I I IS I ■♦■crio--' t^ooptoio-r-va rj CD rH I, -; C-. i^ rH CD CD O* — ff. C r- CO to I ^r CD CI t- Oi o: to Cl ^ CO to I ^ CD 01 -J- -1" CO rD - O 00 I- CI ov t OOCj ^fOir to t-~ c c; OD n Rge :i = l ■^ if""'in>— C Ci- I- tD-c S oD -,7 n c i> -1 - 6ii c .2 r ■= = s i 5 s t-- 55 « ixi si fl i I =2° e ° I ~ "- - c C H- - . ^ o aj a; Q, t UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 5. Statement of the Products of Animals for the year ending \st June, 1850. gt,lIot «iid U.K.I. Bullrf. (■1I.-H..., \„kiM.,f ,„i St:.rp^ .-.nJ W,.,.l. Hi.u.-r, Ch.-r,s.- v.il.ie ..frtnt- Terninriea. r..i.n.i,, ,,„„„.f,. p.Hl.l.ls. .Sl,li46,773 IfirnHiti.^^, p,.u„d,. ,.„u„J., |„.u.„l.. i..«ls»l...6l,t. Maine 1.364,034 9,343,811 2,434 454 Lduisinna ... 109,897 68:1.069 1.9,57 1,4.58.990 N. IlHinpshire 1,108.476 6.977,056 3 19(1 563 1,. 5.52 873 T.-.xas 131,374 2,32(1,.556 94,619 1,106.032 Vermont 3,400,717 12 137,98 . 8,730,K14 1.861 :);i6 Arkriiieas 182,595 I 854,2,39 30.088 1.162913 MaseachuS' tt§ 855 13K 8,071.37.1 7,088 142 2.,5:»l,924 1 ennrssee . . . 1,364 378 8,139,585 177.081 6,401,765 Rhoile Island 12i),6!l2 995 67C 316,.).,h «67 4811 Kentucky 2 297,403 9,887,523 2l:l.954 6,4()2„5!I8 Cunii.-fti.ut . 4!I7 454 5.498,11'.: 5,3113,277 2,202,266 Ohio 10,196,371 34 449.379 20,819,542 7,4:19,243 New Yurk..., 10.071 301 79.766,094 40,741 4i:: 13 573.983 Mirhigfin 2.043 283 7,065,878 1,011.492 I.;i28.:i27 New jHi-8cy. .. 375,3!i6 9.4873U 305 756 2,038 .1.52 Indiaiiji 3,610,287 12,881,53:5 624,564 6,.567,935 PenneylvHiiia 4481.570 39,878,418 2,50.5,034 8.219,484 niinoia 2,150 113 12 526,513 1,278,225 4,972.286 DelHWiire 57,7tB 1,0.55,3 .8 3,187 37:1,(165 Missouri 1.627.164 7.8:14,359 203 57; 3,367.106 MarylHiHi .... 480,826 3,806,16, 3,975 1,«.54.8:I0 lovvti 373.898 2,171,188 209,810 821,164 Dist.iif Oolum .53.5 14.87^ l,,50li 9 038 Wisconsin ... 253.963 3,63:1,750 400.283 920,178 Vir-.'inm .... 2,86n,7t>3 11 C89 358 436,298 7,503.0116 Ci.lifiii'nin 5,52J 705 150 100,173 N. Carolina .. 1170,738 4,146 29J 95,921 5 767,8.511 Minn 'IVr 85 1,100 — 2,840 S. Carolina . . . 487,233 2 981.8511 4,970 1,302,(13- Ui'fgon 'IVrr. . 29 686 211,464 36,980 164,530 Gf-oraia aao,iJi9 4.640,559 46.976 6 339,7112 Utairrerritni-y 9,222 83.309 30.996 67.985 FlfJiiiirt 23.247 371 498 18,015 514,685 Nt-w MeX Tcr. 32,901 111 848 82,125 657.118 .559,619 4.008 811 4,346.i34 31 41"^ 4 8'i3 485 Mississjpjii . . 21.191 3,036 .582 Assrcsftt.'. . 52 789 174 313.206,962 10,5..535.8I9 109,485,7.57 6. Absolute and Relative Movement of Stocky Products^ etc., 1840 and 1850. St.irk.proJutts, etc. Horses Assps and mules Miieh cows Working oxen Other cattle Sheep Swine Wonl Wheat.., Kye Indian corn Oals Barley Buckwheat Rice Tobacco Cotton Susar — cani} " maple Hemp — (lew-rntieii . . . " water-rotled . . Flax ILay Hops Potatoes— Irish " sweet Wine Silk cocoons Value of h'tme-made mauuTaclures } 4,335, ,6G9 head 14,971,586 19.311 26.:i01 35.802, 84.82.9. 18,(545. 377 531 123 071 4 161 7.291 80.841 219.16:3. 790.479, ,.374 " 293 " 114 pounds . .272 hushcls . ,.56T " ,875 •' 341 " 604 " ,718 " 422 pounds . .319 " 275 " 155,110,809 10.5431 1.238,5 108 " 1,502 pounds . ■ 108,298,060 bushels . 124.T34 pallons 61,552 pounds . 29,023,330 dollars , ( 4,:1.3.5, ,569, 6.392, 1.699, 10,208, 21.721 .SO 116. 52,789, 100,503, 14,|.ss 692,:!2G. 146,507. 6,167 8.950 215,:!12. 199.7.52, 987.449 34 249, S4T,5S1, S:i, 1. 7.71.5, l.S.S:)^ M.4'i6, 65.796. 88,2,59, 221 10, 27,481, Sfl8 head* . 229 " * . ,014 " ,241 " ,^5(i " ,814 •' ■,608 " 174 pounds . .819 liushes . 639 " 612 '■ S79 " ,1116 " 916 " ,710 pounds . 646 " fiiO " ,886 " ,000 " .294 Ions ,799 " ,961 pounds . .579 loiLs .(J29 poiinils , .S biislu-ls . ,196 •■ .240 callous . ,843 pounds , ,399 dollars . ;;[ Decennial Movement. 558,918 head or 12.9 per cent. incr. 3,388,655 " or 22.6 incr. 2,410,440 " or 12.4 incr. 4.016.315 " or 16.3 incr. 16.9^7,060 pounds or 47.4 incr. 16 680.627 bushels or 18.5 d«:r. 4,466.923 " or 23.9 iiier. 214.794.787 " or 66.9 JMor. 23.496..58S " or 19.9 incr. 1.00.6.612 " or 241 iw-r. 1.665,173 " or 22.8 incr. 134.471,288 pounds or 166.3 den: 19,410.678 " or 8.9 incr. 19C.970,:325 " or 24.9 • incr. 126,720,077 " or 81.6 - deer. 56,.301 tons or 53.1 incr. 8,590,471 " or .3.5.3 invr. 2.257 527 pounds or 182.2 • deer. 4.242.071 bushels or 3.9 incr. 96 606 gallons or 77.3 deer. 611,709 pounds or 82.3 - dtcr. 1,641,931 dollars or 5.8 IV. STATISTICS OF M ANDFACTDEES.' 1. General Statistics. The entire capital inyested in the various manufactures in the Uniteil States on the 1st June, 18;J0— not including any estalilishments producing less than the annual value of .f 500— amounted in round numbers to #5.30,000,000 Value of raw material, fuel, etc., used during the preceding year f550,000,000 Number of persons employed •« " 1050 000 Aggregate cost of labor « " .$240,000,000 Value of articles consumed " " .#1,020,300,000 The total capital invested in m.anufactures in 1840, was $267,726,579, and hence the manufac- turing capital of the Union has duplicated in the succeeding decade. • In the census of 1S50, all horses, asses, and mules in cities are omitted, and those only or mainly employed in agri- culture enumerated. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2. Statistics of the Principal Manufactures. COTTON GOODS. 3,739 $2, 13,122 241 28.730 111.875 C.186 6,320 1,712 7,663 WOOLEN GOODS. Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massacliusetls Rhode Island Connet'licut New Yorlt New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisinna Texas Arkansas Tennessee Kentucky Ohio Michigan Indiana Illinois Missouri Iowa Wisconsin Calit'ornia District of Columbia . 12 44 9 213 158 128 86 21 208 12 24 27 28 18 35 J3,329,700 10,950.000 202,500 28,455,630 6,675.000 4,219.100 4,176,920 1,483.500 4,528.925 460.100 2.2:16,000 1.908,900 1,058.800 8.57.200 1.736,156 80,000 651,900 38,000 16500 669.600 2:19,000 297,000 43,000 102,000 85,000 1,573,1111 1,(;39,42 114.415 ..289,309 1,484,579 J,500,062 l,98.j,973 666,645 1,152.530 312.068 1,165.579 828,375 531,903 295.971 900,419 30,000 237,081 21,500 8,975 297.500 1H0.90' 237,060 28,320 86,446 3,022 2,963 1,619 1,019 2 272 '"95 715 36 31 891 402 401 95 155 144 Total . 74,.50l, 031 34,835.0.56 92,286 ,.596,356 ,830,619 196,100 ,712,461 ,447,120 ,257,522 ,591,989 ,109,524 .323.262 538,439 ,120.504 ,486,384 831,342 748338 ,1.35.044 49.920 382,260 30,500 16,637 510.624 273,439 394,700 44,200 142.900 36 61 72 119 45 149 249 41 380 8 38 121 1 4 25 130 15 33 16 1 1 9 1 1,559 $467,600 2,437,700 886,300 9,089.342 1.013,000 3,773,950 4,459,370 494,274 3.005,064 148,500 244.000 392,640 18,000 68,000 8,000 10,900 249,820 870.220 94,000 171.545 154.500 20,000 10,000 ?1,225 700 J495,940 1,267,329 830,684 8,671,671 1,463,900 3.325,709 3,838,292 548,367 3,282,718 204.r' 165.568 488.899 13,950 30,392 10,000 1,675 205,287 578,423 43,402 120,486 115,36 16,000 3.500 33,630 1,630 624 2127 l,39:i 11.130 1,758 5,488 6,674 898 5,726 140 362 668 30 78 17 318 1,201 129 246 17 25 25 753,300 ,127,745 ,579,161 770,565 .381,825 ,465,216 ,030,604 ,164,446 ,321,866 251,010 295,140 841,013 23,750 88,750 15,000 6.310 318,819 1,111,027 90,242 205,802 206,572 56,000 13,000 87,992 2,400 28,118,650 25,755,988 ,43,207,555 MALT AND 8PIEITU0U3 LIQUORS. Capiul i[ vested. Qunntitles and kmda of grain, etc., consumed. iMsliels of bailey Bushels or Busliels of Iluslieb Biisliels Hliils.of ■ye. of oata. ofai>ple9, Inola' liopj Quantities of liquor produced. pGal'ons of jWliisky an jLigh wines. Gallons of mm. Maine Vermont Massachusetts . Rhode Islimd .. Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Alabama Louisiana Kentuc:ky Tennessee Missouri Ohio Indiana Illinois Michi(^an Iowa Wisconsin New Mexico Ter. . . Utah Ti-rritory ... Dist. of Columbia Total $17,000 7,000 457,500 17.0011 15,.500 2.585.900 4119,6.55 1,719.960 247,100 1(10,915 21.930 3,475 7,150 500 8,500 168,895 66.125 298.900 1 262,974 334,950 303.400 139.425 19.500 98,700 7.300 3.000 12,000 2,.500 80,000 12,500 ,0G-,>.2,50 103,700 550,105 76,900 30,000 10.000 65,650 3,000 124.440 3:10,950 118.150 98,000 32,030 91,020 1,000 5,000 19,400 20,000 1,647,266 254.OOO1 1,483,555 166,100; 250,700 64,650 18,100 20,150 551,350 258,400 309,200 3,588,140 1,417.990 703.,500 212,300 51,1.50 29,9'10 2,000 26.600 20,000] 990,067 ,58,400 517.180 24,790 6,707 54,300 62,080 4,700 2,500 460 450 1,500 30,,520 — 5,480 — 24.900 — 281,750 19500 48,700 48.700 19,1.50 7,200' 9,200 12,900 1.000 2,200 55,130 10 60,940 24,500 409,700, — 51,200 10 5,000 1 29 6 2 581 42 263 25 14 10 18 31 178 18 30 16 131 9 20 1,380 197 911 126 133 75 33 15 274 1,59 179 1,033 287 274 98 19 98 21 3 5 800 25,800 3,900 '644,700 34.7,10 189,581 26,380 5,500 120,000 130,000 ,231,700 ,250.530 i,548,810 787,400 879,440 153.030 45,900 60,450 220,000 3,786,000 3,000 19,500, 1 44,8.50 96,94311, 11,005 4, 27,9351 2, 10,3201 31,320 300 1,350 1,200 2,488,800 1,500 3,000 ,491,745 6,57,000 939,400 ,8< 5.150 ,639,900 ,315.000 690,900 160,000 127,000 42,000 18,3.34.254 3,787.195 11,067,6712.143.927 .56517 526,840 61,675 1.K14 5,487 1,177,924 42,133,955,6.500,500 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Statistics of the Principal Manufactures — (continued). PIG IRON. CAST IRON. WEOUGHT IRON. STATES. - £ ■a 1 c O *T3 E S ,_ 3 > z = ^ i -■ It > i-6 > S 11 1 1 3 6 13 IS 10 ISO IS 29 2 8 3 23 21 36 1 2 2 6 1 $214,000 2.000 62.500 469,000 225.600 606,000 967,000 8,670,425 1,420.000 518,800 2.5,000 26,000 11,000 1,021.400 924,700 1,603,000 15.000 72.000 65.000 619,000 15,000 $14,939 4.9(l( 40,175 185,741 2,89.2'26 321.027 332,707 3,782,427 560,726 153,307 27,900 25,840 6,770 254.900 260,1.62 630,037 14,000 24.400 16,600 97,367 8,250 $36,616 6.00(t 68,000 296,123 415,600 597,920 660,544 6,071,513 1,056,400 621,924 12,500 67,300 22,500 676.100 604,(137 1,255.8,50 21.000 58.000 70.200 314.600 27,000 25 26 26 68 20 00 823 45 820 13 16 64 6 6 4 10 s 8 2 16 20 183 63 14 29 6 8 15 1 2 $1.50,101 232.700 290.720 1,499,050 428.S(I0 6S0.800 4.6'.'2.4S2 503.260 8,422,924 878,500 369,100 471,160 11. ,600 185,700 35,000 216.625 100.(100 2.55,0011 16,000 139.500 602,200 2,06:i,(h5O 196,450 82,900 260.400 187.00(1 5,500 116,350 5.000 14,000 $11*^670 *'*R-'. oim 2 8 6 1 IS 60 53 131 2 17 39 19 3 1 42 4 11 3 2 1 New Hampshire Vermont Massjchusetta . . Rhode Island . . Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania. .. Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina . South Carolina . Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Arkansas Tennessee Kentucky Ohio Michigan Indiana Illinois Missouri Iowa Wisconsin California D. of Columbia. 177,060 160.003 1,057.904 268.267 351.369 2,393,768 301,048 2,372,467 153,8.62 259.190 297,014 8,341 29,128 11.950 102,085 50,370 75.300 8,400 90,035 295,533 1,199,790 91,865 66,918 172.330 133,114 2. .524 S6.980 8.530 18,100 371,710 460.831 2,235,635 728,705 981.400 5.921,980 686.430 5,854.881 267,462 685.000 674.416 12.867 87,683 46,200 271.126 117.400 312J500 65,000 264,.325 744,316 3,069..3.>0 279,697 149, '30 441,185 836,495 8.500 216.196 29,740 41,696 $4,000 62.700 610.800 20S.000 629,600 1,131.300 1,016,.848 7,620.066 15.000 780,660 791.211 108,000 9,200 2,500 755.050 176,000 620,800 17,000 42,100 $5,600 60.194 221,194 111.760 858.780 838,314 82(1.950 6,488,391 19,600 439,611 591,448 28.114 M36 3,000 385.016 180,8(1(1 604,498 4,425 24.609 $10,400 163,986 42S.320 222.400 667.560 1,423.968 629,278 8,902.907 66,090 771,481 1,264,995 66,980 15.384 7,500 670,618 299,700 1,076,192 11,760 68,700 Total 877 17,346,426 7,005,289 12,748,777 1,391 17,416,.561 10..346,855!25,10S.155 422 14,495.220'9,69S,109 16,747,074 V. INTERNAL IMPEO VEM ENTS. — R AI LE O A D S , ETC. In no other particular can the prosperity of a country be more strikingly manifested than by the perfection of its roads and other means of intern.al communication. The system of railroads, ca- nals, plank-roads, post-routes, river navigation, and telegraphs possessed by the United States, presents an indication of its advancement in power and civilization more wonderful than any other feature of its progress. In truth, the country in this respect occupies the'first place among the nations of the world. The primary design of nearly .all the great lines of railway in the United States has been to con- nect the sea-coast with the distant interior ; to effect which object it was necessary to cross the Alleghanies, which intersect every line of travel diverging to the West from the great commercial cities of the sea-board. The following are some of the v.ast enterprises which h.ave been undertaken to accomplish this great purpose, which have either been finished or are in such a state of progress as leaves no doubt of their being brought to a successful issue within a few ye.ars : First. The railroads connecting Portland, the commercial capital of Maine, with the British provinces, and through their public works, the St. Lawrence River and the lakes, with the West- ern St.ates of the Union. Second. The railroads from Boston westward, connecting at Albany with the roads of Centr.al New York, and, by the more northern route, traversing New Hamjishire and Vermont, continuing toward the West by the Ogdensburg Railroad, and bringing Montreal, the chief commercial city of Upper Canada, into communication with the capital of New England. Third. The New York and Erie Railroad, extending from New York city to Lake Erie, and intended to form a part of a continuous line from the Hudson to the Mississippi — a project likely to be effected within the ensuing ten years. Fourth. The Pennsylvania Central Railroad, from Phil.adelphia to Pittsburg, with numerous diverging branches, to points north and south of the general direction. This great route will reach St. Louis by a nearly due west course through Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The Pennsyl- vania eeotion will be completed about the end of 1853. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Fifth. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, one of the most magnificent works of the day, passes from Baltimore, through Maryland and Virginia, to Wheeling, on the Ohio. At the latter point it will form a connectian with the system of roads traversing the West and North-west. Sixth. The roads proposed to be constructed under authority of Virginia, and already com- menced, intended to establish communication between tide-water and the interior, and south- western parts of that State, and to continue the same through Tennessee to the Mississippi. Seventh. The several lines of railroad from Charleston and Savannah, penetrating South Caro- lina and Georgia, concentrating in north-eastern Alabama, and reaching the level region of the Mississippi by the valley of the Tennessee River. These roads, by their western continuation, will intersect lines running to every important point between the mountains and the Mississippi River. Eighth. The Mobile and Ohio Railroad, from the Mexican gulf to the mouth of the Ohio, and the Illinois Central Railroad to the lakes, a distance in a straight line of about 1,100 miles. It will be seen at a glance that the leading idea in all these vast enterprises was to overcome the barrier presented by this chain of mountains, to a direct and unrestricted intercourse between the sea-board and the West, and to supply the want of those natural channels of commerce, navigable rivers, extending into the section we desire to reach. The enormous aggregate of expense of the numerous works specified above, undertaken with this one object, and their importance as public improvements, may be estimated from the following brief notice of the New York and Erie Rail- road, which occupies the third place in our preceding enumeration : The longest continuous line of railroad in the world, and that in the construction of which the greatest natural obstacles have been overcome, is that which extends from the Hudson River, through the southern counties of New York, to Lake Erie. Its length is 469 miles, and it has branches of an additional length of 68 miles. Nearly its whole course is through a region of mountains. The bridges by which it is carried over the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, and other streams, and the viaducts upon which it crosses the v.alleys that intercept its route, are among the noblest monuments of power and skill to be found in our country. The most of these works are of heavy masonry ; but one of them is a wooden bridge, 187 feet in height, with one arch, the span of which is 275 feet. One of the viaducts is 1,200 feet long, and 110 feet high. The aggregate cost of this important work was $23,580,000, and the expense of construction was $42,333 per mile. The following table presents, in a convenient form, some of the principal facts connected with railroads in the United States on the 1st January, 1852 and 1853. Miles orrail- r.iad in cou ra« of construction. Miles of rail- States, etc. road com- pleted. Maine 815... New Hampsbire . . 4S9 — Vermont 880.-- Maasachusetls 1,089. . . . Khode Island 50 82. Conneelicul 547 261. New York 1,826 745. NewJersey 226 111. Pennsylvania 1,146 774 Total. Delaware 45 . Maryland 876 . Virginia 478. North Carolina.... 249. South Carolina S40. Georffia 754. Florida — . Alabama 121 . Mississippi 98. Louisiana 63. Texas — . Tennessee 112. Kentueky 93 . Ohio 82S. Michigan 427. . 74S., . 414. .1,892. 442 536 439 67 1,156 . 82 . 808 .2,571 . 3.37 .1,920 . 56 . 501 .1,296 . 634 . 688 . 983 ". 811 . 366 . 63 . 33 . 860 . 507 .2,720 427 11. 125. 818. 190. 278. Indiana 600 915 1,515 Illinois 176 1,409 1.635 Missouri — 515 515 Wisconsin 20 421 441 10,843 10,893 21,741 States. Total. SOS 542 427 1,206 186i ^o. of miles in No. ofmiles in operation. pn^ress. Maine 394 Ill New Hampshire.. 500 42 Vermont 427 — Massachusetts 1,140 66 Khode Island 50 82 Connecticut 637 198 825 New York 2,128 924 8,04T NewJersey 254 85 839 Pennsylvania 1,244 908 2,147 Delaware 16 11 21 Maryland .'521 — 621 Virginia 624 610 1,284 North Carolina .. . 249 24S 49T South Carolina 599 296 895 Georgia 857 691 1,648 Florida 23 Alabama 236 Mississippi 95 Loui-siana 63 Texas 82 — 82 Tennessee 185 609 694 Kentucky 94 661 755 Ohio l.,385 1,755 8.140 Indiana 755 979 1,784 Michigan 427 — 42T Illinois 296 1,772 2,068 Missouri — 515 515 Wisconsin !iO 470 620 72S. 875. 200- 609 ! 661. 964 970 Total 13,266 12,681 25,94T Measures are in progress for establishing railroads in California, with the object of connecting San Francisco with some of the principal towns of the State ; and no doubt, ere the lapse of many years, that important division of the Union will be in possession of as large a proportion of these facilities for travel and business as her population and resources require. SI UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. From the brief sketch of American railroads should not be excluded some mention of several projects which are not only closely connected with the interests of the United States, but possess something of national importance. The first of these, in point of vastncss of design, is the enter- prise of building a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. The routes propose4 in this great work are almost as numerous as the persons who claim the merit of having first sug- gested .and brought forward the scheme of thus completing the chain of railroad connection between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Union. No scientific survey of any route west of the fron- tier of Missouri has been made, but it is not probable tliat any could be found that would bring the line of travel between the Mississippi and the ocean within the limit of 1,G00 miles. The natural obstacles to be overcome are the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, the deserts between the Missouri and the former chain, and those of the great basin, the flying sands, and the want of timber. Further explorations may lead to the discovery of means to overcome these difficulties. Should the cost not exceed the average of Western roads, it would form no ob- jection to the enterprise, since it would be only about $32,000,000, or only twenty-five per cent, more than has been expended upon the Erie Railroad— less than fifty per cent, greater than the aggregate expenditure upon the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and not two-thirds of that incurred by the State of Massachusetts on her railroads. The only question, then, affecting the probabil- ity of the construction of the Pacific Railroad is that of practicability. This can only be determined by thorough surveys of some or all of the routes proposed, from the valley of the Rio Grande, the Arkansas, the Missouri, and the Upper Mississippi. If this road were completed, and the route continued westward by steamship to Calcutta, it would reduce the time required for the circuit of the globe, by the American overland route, to 93 days, as follows : from New York to San Francisco, 4 days ; to Hong-Kong, 2.5 days ; to Calcutta, days ; to Bombay, 13 days ; to England, 3.5 days ; to New York, 10 days. Total, 93 days. Another project for connecting, by the means of cheap and rapid conveyance, the two coasts of our confederacy, which deserves, as it has received, very great attention, is the proposition to build a railroad across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in Mexico. Its feasibility is established. The length of the road, according to the report of the surveyors, will be 166 miles from sea to sea ; but only about 80 miles from the head of n.avigable water on either side. The cost of the road, with all the necessary equipments, station-houses, etc., is estimated at 97,848,000. The time expected to be required for its construction is three years. With this connecting link of communication completed, the voyage from New Orleans to San Francisco will be performed in eight or nine days. For the purpose of comparison, the subjoined statement has been prepared, showing the number of miles of railroads, with their costs, according to the most generally received authorities in all the countries of Europe in which those improvements have been introduced : COUNTRIES. Oreat Britain and Ireland German States, including Prussia and Austria France Belgium Russia Italy 6,S90 5,.3S'2 1,018 832 2(10 ITO 14,142 Aggreg.ite cost. $1,21.1.000.0(10 32.'>,ST.'J,000 23S,9i '.'lOOO 4C2S.-i.ii(lfl l.'i.O( (0.(100 15,(l00,((0(l l,S59,U(i8,000 Coal p. mile. $177,000 C1,000 2,14,000 49.000 7S,000 88,000 131,300 By these statistics it is made to appear that the average cost of European railroads was $131,300 per mile. The average cost of American railroads completed previous to the commencement of the present year was $34,307 per mile. The excess of expenditure, therefore, in the construction of European roads over those in the United States, is $9.5,993 per mile, or about'280 per cent. ; but it may be remarked that the average cost of construction in the United States of all the roads does not exceed $27,300 per mile ; so that the actual excess is $103,000 per mile. The foregoing statements develop the striking fact that the United States possess an extent of railroad nearly equal to that of the rest of the world combined ; and, at our present rate of pro- gression, we are likely, in a few years, far to exceed it. / 23 : UNITED STATES OP AMERICA, VI. — COMMEUCIAL STATISTICS. 1. Statistical View of the Commerce of the United Slates, exhibiting the Value of Exports to and Imports from each Foreign Country, and the Tonnage of American and Foreign Vessels arriving from and departing to each foreign country, during the year ending June 30, 1850. COMMKRCE. NAVIGATION, COUNTRIES. VAT.0E OF ESPOKT9. ports. AUERICA>' TONKAGE FOREIGN TONNAGE. DoniP^tic proilure. Foreign pre duce. Tot.l. Entered the U. Sliaes. Cleared from llie U. StnleH, Entered tlie U. St.ifc«. Cleared from the U. Slutes. 1666.4.35 m.U6 668,580 98 176 165.874 867.140 4,820,730 2,188,101 180,538 864.335 97.014 2,168.867 64,686 969 8.021 740 1.025,031 186.307 75.829 502.613 143,219 171.984 502.776 8.612.802 4,641,461 8,1I6.&40 16,9«.791 1,015.486 269.877 2.517 43 406 12,575 605.669 8,266,.362 20.624 16,817 4,530 2I>6 816,062 172,978 186,874 14,421 47,043 1,667,166 50.677 170,764 45,664 1,179.893 204,397 1,211,007 1,498 791 57,225 970.619 678,462 2,723"767 718.831 60.024 1.297.133 ■ 258.989 1,485,961 6T934 22,256 816.463 730.932 169.025 24.414 $198,606 27.991 51,610 1,166 20.7li6 114 818 885,742 416,564 262,952 56.683 6,*26 875 403 4,210.271 183.679 42.693 60,482 .39,061 156,846 16.551 22.663 178.644 1,289,370 501,374 1.724,916 168,165 18,291 1.382 2,200 28..55S 96,866 5.006 1.450 460.041 9S,,691 6.236 6.627 2152 2.167 289.904 18.024 86,136 23.468 312.111 53.:M4 139,181 614.036 12.967 286,600 340,003 478 847 846 311 1.618 125,588 16.789 119,266 50,442 18.821 28.3.34 20,8.37 10,511 $864,941 98 (i36 7211 190 99:M2 ISO 6X0 9S1.9.iS 6.200,522 2,6M.665 448,485 421,018 102.489 2 543.760 68 897.230 8,206419 1,1167,724 246 789 114.3SII (»,l.4'i9 143,219 188,536 525,439 3.791.446 5,930,821 3,618.214 18.669,706 1,173 641 287.668 2617 44.787 14,776 634.217 8,86.3.217 25 5.89 18 267 4,990.297 909 6.63 178.214 148.401 16 673 49 210 1.807,070 6:!.601 256.900 69.132 1.492,004 267,741 1.360 1.S8 2.012.827 70.192 1,266,219 1,018.470 8.197.114 l.l:64,M2 61 .'42 1.422.721 276.728 1,605,217 67 9.34 72,698 828 784 769.260 189.862 84.925 $1,511,672 27 469 1.032.117 2.193 527 267.4'J9 3,787,874 1,686.967 444,404 630.146 71,043 2,404,954 72118 971 2,746.670 293.783 44.269 ll.Yvl 2,80,6.1116 72,206 178.690 14.691 1.126.968 4,285,470 1,368.992 497 25885.170 1,702 855 75,684 12.661 10,006 380181 1,702 214 85.223 1.8-36.866 10.292.398 2.067.866 339.763 114.729 10,.328 2,106,077 822,629 205 467,601 801,023 1,544.771 2,135,.366 261.469 691.992 1,920,247 9,.324.429 2,653,877 1.796.877 170.753 6,593,462 9.417 80.659 402,699 624,722 4.618 64,474 26 12,877 240 8,891 449 896 12.940 28.831 2.751 17,884 8.689 22.964 3 892 23,033 489 8:J9 18.906 10.022 2,-384 16S 28,537 778 4886 2,788 69.302 889.765 122 B5l65 1,223 106.807 8.660 2,869 618 1,224 359 17.583 12,827 2,173 10.269 249.807 41.768 2.768 1.586 1,050 81,417 1833 6,701 808 4898 6,076 44,690 22,585 8.549 104.176 11.636 S46 62.966 13,980 90 14.510 S.M'O 21,969 993 "945 8.531 1,101 881 9,267 89,065 5,048 649 2,454 502 19,375 21,156 14963 4070 9,283 4,982 21.428 440.682 15.759 10.014 7.6,60 2.665 29.889 1,912 841 4.225 11.642 93.883 919,516 4137 2.157 75,298 917 114,689 14,1.58 11.227 905 1,834 13.706 9,867 647 3,166 264.018 80,744 2,976 4,132 908 1,886 3.826 7,791 2.83T 5,968 2,689 47,981 20,518 8,290 101,763 8,609 887 58,113 16,107 867 41,279 10,332 17,s:iu 1,039 8,843 1,366 6,213 8,492 2,642 299 31,623 88,787 2,121 23,564 45 592 966 65,664 3,978 11,967 3,248 123 5,766 421, .6-30 56.1120 77,.607 290 286 616 904 49,230 447,372 1,0'« 17,4M 883,426 32,637 10,216 4,627 98 266 4,779 22,894 1,215 1,176 33,0811 3,074 5,018 836 1,717 9,511 7,399 7,871 2,205 429 6,289 86,1139 653 5,296 2,708 1,280 9,868 13,081 1,186 18,369 1,808 7,445 2,586 384 1,891 828 4,195 468 8,990 1,887 9,822 Swedish West Indies 882 8,2:i2 2,690 68,016 200 22,763 Dutch Kast Indies 8,320 '16I 864 4,068 209,078 17,276 22,972 806 Malta 456 2,188 Mauritiua 1,9.32 British Guiana British West Indies 2,63T -39,071 466,627 12,420 Falkland Islands 8,798 British American Colonies Other Britisti possessions France on the Atlantic France on the Mediterranean . . . 621,112 428 17,616 8,676 211 Miquelon and French Fisheries . French Guiana 1,008 98 702 French possessions in Africa Spain on the Athinlie 180 10,583 Spain on the Mrdilerranean Teneriffe and niher Canaries Manilla and Philippine Islands. . 84,297 1,376 2,592 29,703 Other Spanish West Indies 8,103 7,681 1,.379 161 611 Italy Sicily 1,633 Sardinia 6,300 960 Trieste and r,iher Austrian porls. 6,889 Hayti 8,127 Mexico 80,104 1,722 6,287 Venezuela 2,697 Bolivia 370 8,569 Argentine Republic 9,260 Cisalpine llepublic 1,167 Chili 25,388 7,840 8,106 West Indies generally 348 South America generally 549 _ 681 South Sea Islands 1,477 1,185 11,970 All other places 866 Total 186.946,912 14.951.808 151.898.720 17S.188.818 2.578,016 2,632,788 1,775,6l!8 1,728,214 SI UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2. Statement of the Commerce of each Stale, from July 1, 1849, to June 30, 1850. VALUE OF EXPORTS. VALUE OF IMPORTS. STATES. nOMESTIO PEODtrCE. FOBEIGN PEODDCE. ToWl of Atnericnn & foreign produce. In Ameriiaii vessel*. In Foreign vessels. ToUl. [n Amen can vessels. In Foreign vessels. Tol.1. vessels. vessels. Toul. Maine $1,135.99^ 1400,820 »1,6368I8 * 14,664 $6,530 $20,094 $1,5.56 912 $609 155 $247,256 $856,411 N. Hiimp. . . . 2,S:i5 6,887 8.722 — 205 205 8,927 19,962 29.117 49.079 Vermonl 404.74S — 404.749 26.157 — 26,167 48.906 463,092 — 463,092 Massachua'.'s. 7.0ii".lo:i l,253,.37n 8,253,47? 1,898.497 529,79S 2,42.8.290 10,680.763 22,106,011 8,268.673 30,374.684 Ehode Kslami 21 1.^ 9119 330 206.29£ 9,966 — 9,906 216 266 251.708 6 696 268.303 ConneeticuL . 241.262 241.262 668 — 668 241.9:iO 811.927 60.468 872.390 New York. . 38.9.M,4^S 7,568,391 41,602,800 7,086,687 4,123.302 11.209,989 52,712,789 88,147,721 22,975 803 111,123,.524 New Jersey . — 1.655 1.655 — — — 1 656 — 1.494 1,494 PennBVlvania 8,428,150 621,314 4,049,464 363,226 88,917 452,142 4,501,606 10,795,462 1,270,692 12,066,164 Delaware . . . Maryland! . . . 4,657.155 1,932.296 6,589.481 2.50,861 127,011 877,372 6,967..353 6,529,682 594,619 6,124,201 Dist. of Col.. . 72.175 8 213 1,047.917 S(i,;iss aoo — . 200 80,588 59.219 600 .59.819 Virginia 2,-365,241 3,413.168 2,488 — 2,488 8.415,646 172 87', 2.53 721 426,699 N.Carolina.. 259i;l6 166.885 416,511 — — — 410 .501 179 249 14-1,44.3 ;J23.692 8. Carolina . . 6,467,2111 4.979 691 11.446 892 400 ■ 508 908 11.447,800 1,818,6.58 620.127 1,933.785 Georgia 2 622,1.')2 4 929,791 7,151.94.3 — — — 7„561.948 306 883 831) 081 636.964 Florida 1.113 97S 1 493 991) 2 6117.96s 15,656 — 15,656 2.623,624 80 241 05.468 95.709 Alabama 4 6111.515 5,94;i,:M;i 10 .544 s5- — — — 10,544 868 103,l:J4 757.228 865,362 Louisiana . . . 20,927,761 10,770,526 87,698,277 328 930 78,143 407,073 88,105.350 8,107,929 2,662,670 10,760,499 Mississippi.. . — — — — — — — — — — Tennessee. .. — — — — — — 27 966 — 27.966 Missouri — — — — — — — 359 643 — 859.643 Ohio 117.9S9 99,54:) 217,.632 — lori 100 217,6.32 398 999 ia3.505 582.504 Kentucky . .. — 190 987 — 190,987 Michigan 57.232 74.813 132.045 — — — 182,045 144102 — 144.102 Illinois 1,232 16.437 17,649 . — , — — 17.699 7,78:3 7.922 15,705 Texas — '.M,95s 24,95.> — — — 24,958 14,652 10,998 25,660 California ... Oregon — — — — — — — — — — Total.... 89,616,742 47,330,170 136.946 912 9 998.299 495:5.509 14.951.80s'l51.898.720 1.39.657.048! 88.481.276 178.138,810 3. Statement of the Navigation of each State. STATES. TONNAGE ENTERED UNITED STATES. TONNAGE CLEARED FROM U. STATES. A-MEP-ICAN. FoKEIGN. Total. A-MERICAN. Foreign. Total. No. Tons. No. Tons. Ko. Tons. So. Tons No. Tons. No, Tons. Maine 253 9 330 1,-316 100 109 4,137 852 295 7 69 140 168 47 66 40 624 178 97 18 3 140 63.309 8..572 86.828 3.39 .608 ■ 17.847 22,,5S0 1,502,290 100,009 70.427 1260 12.190 19.185 52.711 11.883 7.518 11914 175,969 21,628 7.2.54 6.690 494 47,950 1.040 101 174 2,732 19 79 8,832 17 186 143 2 88 88 142 71 39 112 874 186 "894 4 18 865 89.877 7.472 12.607 271.941 2,075 11 572 7764.30 1.601 82,361 29,161 164 18.775 9115 44.205 45 134 10.462 84.106 174,884 18.248 49.709 648 -3.177 82,914 1,293 110 504 4,077 119 1,88 7,969 17 537 "488 9 1.57 188 805 lis 95 152 898 314 491 22 16 495 143,186 11.044 99.4:55 611.449 19.922 84.152 2,277.720 1,601 132,.370 99,588 1.414 80.965 28,300l 96916 57 017, 17.980 96 020 880,863 89,871 56 963' 7.338 8.67 1| 180,864 585 5 322 1,149 94 87 3,611 1 309 859 8 187 212 205 68 60 76 493 137 112 4 3 803 111.123 682 81.073 272.278 16.771 17.515 1,411..5;.7 1,50 81.276 89.296 1.520 42 091 80.7-39 72222 21.089 10.022 -32.268 211,800 15,486 7.982 1,043 691 104,266 1,046 102 21 2 7,57 ' 16 69 8,693 10 170 162 2 98 62 170 83 42 106 860 781 390 5 12 820 91.014 7.-531 1.783 274 674 1.705 9 802 7;57..5:59 981 80.342 87,.623 200 23,367 11.498 52.6-30 61.524 12.134 80.717 158,137 18,322 46,719 998 8.017 75,862 1.6.31 107 .342 3.906 no 166 7,303 11 479 521 10 285 274 875 141 102 182 848 268 502 9 15 623 202.137 New Hampshire.. 8,213 82.856 Massachusetts. ... Ehode bland .... Connecticut New York New .Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland D. of C" ^'f the Tvntitge of the stceral Distriits of the SOtkofJune, 1850. IWSuM BSBV* YaUvtMO*. I^lnlaD(i. Yoti " V>.Tfsm.>uJ>. S. H. lp*w x-il . . . * Salem ** BB»«r)y ... » BanwiaiHe . ** Sin:u>.-*t^l . ' Bnsl^'i - Kewpvrt - X. L.'uJ.'O . " J*. Havett . . * yurlitf id . . *^ CIlamplaiB . ^. T. CVwtf^-.* * Xia^^n. ... * tjtfoewt? * liu*uV. Cr. . » tJ(wop»'rt. . * j;«wY>Jf«... " C. Yincvut. . ** CUiii $priiis. " IVrviiiulioy S.i BuHifistwa. . * Camdca — " Xtfwart ... L Kas Har. - 6. Ei^ H.ar. Flkiiadt;i[<&ia Peon. ■'^^: Oidbri . !>ie STyFd sin u 1«558 SS t» OS ■ ttiCt 1 1 DKTKICT& i * S5.i 9ISSS ^• l».«!il 40 ai.4- S,389 *t *>;) StTS W 3.r \k« i'. - ^' ss - i.- . s to i.:t :* SJl«5T S.I- 2a.*)4 :? 33.4- rasTs IJRJS 7-k !•■ 1 365 84 I.-J- 3».S» H» 39. 43U 69 W 4^» W is:. SMJSO .-<» s».> *.«)6 3S ii. •-«-^ *■ » .>-c ^ S^l i» s.-r- *.'*J T^ ..,.ir>ra i.„ - ,.■5... " - reet ** ■ t'4 .. ** wa D.ctfC. int. iioo. S.Car. - -wa. * •-■S... " ^... * •la... Ftor. ■'s... » St . . . » Ala. r-.eaas. ff .. . Twin. ;e... K.. ■ » >££$& : in. ;ja . . . Oilio •.iv ... "* id... " S.W6 19 S.SSt SI iaj43 w S4S IS saw so 3«SS« MSJ 51 WIS S3 13« It «i$«a lASSSS 1,T4S 19 IflLJST 1« «t 4S 1.3S1 U 4,A15 « SS.IWS55 U4-- 9,."- 3,1^ . , S.3io SI; a.s» IT 1 I4,ei4 43 ' is,^.tfi :9, l.TW 3: 5c»ir 4i> 4,S«t) T» ».S3tf 9S 4,058 re 4,S6* SI &3SS 90 1.3S3 UiS sjss •« «,":* ;< S,8S9 35 4.«>S 49 1,*I* 09 1,*« W 14M 54 !.**> 15 1T.91J 10 l.USl) SI 91^96 «T 588 SI 9SS ST JT3 « 838 « 3»»T3 a.(i6o ss S.S5l> l» 1SJ38SS i,36r St 460 3S 1S5,*40 43 1.SSI) Tl u^e4«' 13.SI3 4I> I JCeh.' titinac * I --■>a. . Tex. -. OW5.I ■jiai Isiijel. Tes. Twal llJSkTUS 1,»S.H» « 3J8S.4H 3S as 93 1.4«S 4S 15k£9 13 4U1 S» r^as ira-^ 3.S3? SS^>*> 3.583 5«S 374 i &' -< 91 • 5t .. -4 91 S.33« SI 3.S3S II i:.'>ii> SI S.TSI so S4JS4 S9 3,Ti«; gs S,45S » 4.S1W 10 5kS34 34 4,0SS 73 4.S«S n SJSS 90 1.3S3 OS 5,9SS TO 15J91? S3 5k20r K &.IUS 19 1.14» W 11*^ 04 3.3S9 5S 3.sas 4T 1.45S 15 S»*>3 5S i.rrss* 19,IWS3 i.:e5 4t> 1,198 T4 S5S or 3.060 36 S.I»3» 34..137 SO i,s«;st 4«ioas 34S,I99 09 usso n. iT.rss s» 3,sa9 30 S«.S!IS$ S» IJ30 » 1J)4S« IT jm TT «;5«s 5. The seneral Statement :-unts from Jane 30. 1549, to Jane 30. 1?5»). 1S90. in TO i.- aeu* ■■ To a:-!'-*; jea.* .u . TDbttianctf, To •.S50 lajsT] isjsr I 4.S6tii «J5» jww satis. is4a. I BT (Mlance of uaoa^. per statemeac] i«o>ii>Kr tiK ;nir fading SUilii 3»appxrar« ^ senenl 9^i».J 1^ amnoBi UI3SJ50| 15T,Sia SaStS .i li. *riQa aa iacfvase of :ii«» I i-onaijtfT - St,Sllii SLaU ... .. oac bvin* aa uta.T«ise yji Jje. i yi^cciBcu uiaoa^ tublKr ^ una. — ' S319 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 6. A comparative View of the reffislered and enrolled Tonnage of the United Stales, shounn^ the Tonnage employed in the Whale Fishfry ; also, the propf/rtion of the enrolled nvd licensed 7'onnage employed in the Coasting Trade^ Cod Fishery, Mackerel Fishery, and Whale Fish- ery, from 1815 /^>j t'inna«eeinplriv#^ in the— L!>liiig trade I Cod fifttiery. 181S.... K)4,294 ?■ . S13.883 0- 1,308,127 78| — 435 000 8- 1 20.670 3S 1816.... 8011.759 6f 571,4.'rt a" l,.-i72 21-<.53i — 479 979 141 87,869 3i 18U.... 8119.124 71 ' 690,186 6f 1.399.912 4 4,874 41 48I.4.'57 9i 1 5.3,990 20 1818.... 600.1158 & 019,095 5 1 2.'.'),1M 21 1 16,1.34 7i .5; 68.551 72 J819.... 612.'.t3ll 4- 647,V21 17 1.200.7.'il 6 31,700 40 623 .',.',0 21 ' 05.044 92 J820.... 619.047 K 601, US 01 1,2SO,160 2 1 35,391 44 .5.39.OS0 4f 60,S42 ,55 1821.... 619.%90 41 679 < 102 31 l,2'J-i.958 73 20,070 8i 659.4:;.-, 57 51,;i61 4S 1822.... 628,150 4; 690 548 71 1,321,699 11 45,449 42 573 OSO 02 68,405 35 1623.... 639 920 715 090,IH4 87 l,;i30,.565 OS 39.915 13 50C,44J8 >>8 67,621 14 1824.... 609 972 C( 719 190 37 1.389.16:! 02 33.105 70 .5S9.23i 01 C8.419 00 1825.... 700.787 08 722.323 69 l,42;i,I10 77 85.379 24 587,273 07 70.020 02 182«.... 737.97S 1.^ 790.210 68 I,,W4,IS9 8: 41,7.17 32 606 420 44 6;i.761 42 182T.... 747,170 M S73.4;i7 34 1.02O.6O7 7m 45.0.'53 21 732 937 65 7404S 81 1828.... 812.019 m 928,772 52 1,741, .891 67 51.621 08 7.W.9.'2 12 74.947 74 1829.... 650.142 8« 610 e-M 8^ 1.200,797 81 57.284 38 5m8S;-iS 10 101,790 7h 18»l).... 570,675 'if. ei.MIl 10 1,191,776 4-3 38.911 82 516,978 16 61A54 ,57 1831.... 620,451 92 647.394 3-' 1,207,840 29 82,315 79 5.39,723 74 60.977 SI 1832.... 680 959 77 7.02,400 89 1.439,4,'jo 21 72 808 84 649 027 40 54.027 70 1833.... 7.50,126 72 850,123 22 1,006,149 94 101. 1/58 17 744,198 6' 62.720 7n 1834.... 857,438 42 901,468 07 1,75^.907 14 10S.060 14 78:! 618 05 66.403 70 1835.... RS5.S21 60 939,118 49 1,^21,940 14 97.640 00 T92 301 20 72.374 18 18;i6.... 897,774 51 984,-328 14 1,8^2.102 0.5 144,680 ,V) 873.023 21 63,:t07 37 183T.... 810,447 29 1,0^0,2.18 40 1.890,685 09 127,241 S! 956,980 60 80,551 89 1883.... 822..'j91 86 1.173047 89 1,99.VW9 «.' ]19,6.'9 89 1.041.105 18 70.064 00 1839... 83*244 ,54 1,202,234 27 2,090,478 81 131.845 25 1.1,53.551 80 72.258 68 1840.... 899,764 74 1,280,999 35 2,1^0,764 10 136,926 04 1,176.694 46 76,0:15 651 1841.... 846,>-03 43 1.184.940 90 2,130,744 37 157.405 17 1.107.067 88 66,551 84 1842.... 975.M58 74 1,117,031 90 2,090,390 69 151612 74 1,046.753 39 54,804 02 1843.... 1.0(l9.30.'i 01 1,149.297 92 2,15i,6ol 9:! 1.'52 .374 89 1.076.155 59 61,224 2.5 1844.... 1,0C'(.7M 91 1.211. .330 11 2.280,095 07 168293 63 1,109.014 44 85.224 77 1845.... 1,09.'., 172 44 1,321,8'^9 57 2,417,002 00 190.695 65 1,190,898 27 69.825 60 1M6.... 1.131,«H0 49 1,431.798 32 2..V.2.084 SI 186,980 16 1.289 870 89 72.516 17 184T.... 1,211, .",12 92 1,. '597,732 80 2.>>:j9,ft45 77 193,858 72 !,452,6>:? 35 70.177 52 1843.... l,30o,sS6 85 1,793,1,W 00 3.154 041 85 192,176 90 I,620,9,SS 16 82 651 82 1849.... 1.4.'}H.941 53 1,895 073 71 3.334,015 29 180,180 29 1.730.410 84 42 970 19 18.W.... 1..W5.711 22 1,949,748 01 3..^i5.454 23 146.010 71 1,765.796 42 85,046 80 85,973 38 46,210 SO 47.427 72 4S.725 43! 61.052 11, 64 44', 11 64 424 25 40,8:0 90; 66 649 16 35.9ii 87 25,209 19 11,.821 13 16,096 831 11.775 70' 16.170 eo 21.413 I61 86.46:! 16 81.451 13i 43.6'.H 78 73,853 78| 58,111 94 1.229 92 1,168 00 349 92 614 63 086 35 1,053 6« 1.924 40 8,l:i3 ,50 685 .37 180 08 226 88 328 94 ISO 34 792 8T 481 82 877 47 478 39 364 16 1,573 2« 1,894 86 6.229 55 4.39 69 877 31 142 .33 3'20 14 206 92 439 53 4:J2 75 A Slalement of the Number of Vessels huilt in the several States, and the Aggregate Ton- nage of each for the year ending 30th June, 1850. CLA£8 OF TE86£LS. Ships. Bne.. fa Maine New Hampshire Vermont Masaachuseltfl Ktiode Island Conne<*ticul New Yorit New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Vireinta North Carolina South Carolina Georgia., Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Tennessee Kentucky Missouri Illinois Ohio Michigan Texas Oregon Total 61 5 8 26 1 7 27 50 35 39 12 125 27 23 3 3 9 112 17 107 3 II 6 1 2 1 1 82 8 81 1 34 6 1 16 .320 10 1 121 14 47 224 67 1S5 16 160 8 34 83 5 2 91,211 73 6,914 32 77 41 3,5.8.36 14 3.687 15 4.819 79 68,342 73 6.201 68 21.*i9 93 1.848 62 15,964 80 258 17 8.584 09 2,651 59 683 82 79 75 113 66 81 6.400 69 5 i.3.5:i 82 13 1.091 21 31 6,214 62 14 2,061 63 1 106 54 2 122 42 272,218 54 21 UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 8. Statement showing the Number and Class of Vessels built, and the Tonnage thereof, in the several States and Territories of the United Stales from 1815 to 1850 inclusive. CLASS OF VESSELS. ll 1 -1 1 Ships. Brigs. Sell, .oners. stoops and canal boats. Steamers. 1815 186 76 84 63 58 21 43 64 65 66 56 71 63 78 44 25 72 1.32 144 93 25 93 67 66 83 97 114 116 % 124 100 151 254 198 247 224 122 86 85 82 60 89 131 127 156 197 187 138 108 68 66 95 143 169 94 60 65 72 79 89 109 101 91 84 47 87 164 168 174 148 117 6S0 7S1 569 428 473 301 248 260 260 877 638 482 464 474 485 40S 416 668 625 496 802 444 507 501 439 873 310 273 18S 204 822 576 6S9 701 623 647 274 424 394 832 242 152 127 168 165 166 168 227 241 196 145 116 94 122 ISO ISO 100 164 168 122 224 157 404 173 279 342 855 892 647 370 290 15 26 85 45 8S S3 48 37 84 100 65 68 ,30 VIA 1.35 90 125 64 78 137 79 168 168 225 19S 175 208 159 1,814 1.403 1,0-3 898 850 6.'!4 507 623 622 781 994 1,012 9.34 8.S4 7S5 037 711 1.065 1,183 9.S7 607 890 949 S93 ais 872 7.S2 1,021 4S2 706 1,038 1,420 1,698 l,8.il 1,,547 1,360 154.624 89 131.668 04 86.393 87 82.421 20 79.817 86 47,784 01 65,856 01 76.346 93 75,007 57 90 939 00 114.997 25 126 488 85 104.M2 67 98 375 58 77,098 65 68,094 24 85.962 68 144,639 16 161.626 86 ll,-i,83ll 87 46.2,38 52 1I.3.C27 49 122 9S7 22 113.135 44 120.988 34 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1828 1S24 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1881 18.32 1838 1834 1885 1836 1837.. 1888 1889 1840 1841 118.898 71 129,083 64 63.617 77 103.687 29 146.018 02 ]8-i,203 93 1842 1848 1844 1846 1846 1848 818 075 54 1849 1850 272,213 54 TII. STATEMENT OF THE DUTIES, EEVENUES, AND PUBLIC EXPENDITURES DUKING THE TEAES ENDING SOth .TUNE, 1849 AND 1850. RECEIPTS. 1»'49. From castoms $28,846,788 82 From sales of ptiblic lands, 1,688,9,59 55 From miscellaneous sources 1,038,649 13 Total receipts $31,074,847 50 Avails of stocks, treasury notes, etc, issued $28,588,750 00 Balance in treasury Ist July, 1848 & 1849 16.3,584 60 18S0, $39,668,686 43 1,859,894 26 1,847,218 83 $48,375,798 90 $4,045,950 00 2,189,964 28 Total means $59,816,632 10 $49,606,713 18 KXPBNDrnTEES. 1&49. Ifl.'iO Civil list $3,86.5,615 68 $3,042,770 07 Foreign intercourse 7,973,<32 01 4,S3-i,594 76 Miscellaneous 8,179,192 66 6,958,360 24 Interior department — 8,400,624 87 War department 17,290,9.36 68 9,101,2.39 16 Navy department 9,869,818 20 7,923,818 18 Public debt 16,463,272 89 7,487,366 41 Total expenditures $67,631,667 82 $48,002,168 69 Balances 1st July '49 & '60 $2,184,964 28 $6,604,644 49 VIII. STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT 80th NOVEMBER, 1850. DENOMINATION OF DEBT. Rate |.er cent When redeemable. Amoant. Principal an-^l interest of old funded and unfunded debt Treasury notes ofl812 and Yazoo scrip Debt of the cities of the DiatricI of Columbia, assumed per act 30th May, 1S86 Oulatandinfr treasury notes issued previous to 22d July, 1346, payable or fundable Ouistanding treasury notes issued underact 26th June, 1S46, payable or fundable Outstan'ling treasury notes issued under act 2Slh Jan. 1847, payable or fundable G 6 5 6 6 6 6 On presentation $60,000 per annum On presentation On presentation On presentatiim 1st January, 1868 31st Dec. 1862 1st July, 1&53 12th Nov.. 1866 Ist Jan., 1868 1st July, 1868 9th Aug,, 1351 $119,685 98 900,000 00 189,011 64 25:850 00 44,700 00 164.828 00 Loan of 15ih April, 1S42 8,198,686 03 " 8d March. 1843 6.468,281 85 « 22d July, 1846 \ 4,999149 46 " 2Sth Jan., 1847 27,1.35,122 00 " 8l3t March, 1S48 15,740.000 00 Me:dcan indemnity stock 803.678 92 Total debt per statement let December, 1880 $64,228,238 83 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. hJKlMl-»l-->-Jl--^">--'.--'^-'l— h-t^^l--»--.-ll— HJhJ-->h-'K*^l-^----lhJ--^h-^— H-^-..-h-.^^.->»-i,_l^H'--l--'h-i ffi SE* 2? 32 S 2? £ '£"^ S £"/- "^ ■'-■ ''^ ■*'."?? 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C;i4"tO"-^tO — bi co'-4 :-) '-1 "o. 1- o '^ '+- '*^ '.-.'h-'— "rf- 'oi 'to'o '*- to to Oi 'to '-1 M"b, Co "b en b b 'to ".-. to '« 'to "to 'to 'to 'io or to la oo ci to b '*- '*- '-1 oi4ia',;---tocj:, 4-^. (iotococno. oto,-03aitotoco,o;— ,+.to-tujt>:'00vj-4j--, ocrj.otoai.-Qotoci^<:>oato-toaa, P ,3'J05— ^-^^OCO^O>-^-^tD-tuOtDtO"-J-tOal4-t04-0■tO.-.^»tOCrJ'0 4-OtOaOtCOOSCO,■.t)*-^/>0040 0-. COOl— tCTlC/JtOQO^ 779 2)6 418 405 487 098 523 .5.50 021 809 223 773 023 772 942 876 .348 335 609 612 447 702 4:)3 326 714 333 338 624 906 391 443 33T 509 957 311 940 290 800 925 502 217 909 ■i44 671 113 663 861 070 733 680 M >t. -O 75 CO K. a "^ ^',i\l\'\,','j ^Jt£,x'0' .-.' T 1 , 1 > 1 1 1 1 , , , 1 1 , »-* >-i .-HO to .-• to to to tffc ,U OD to 0-j ~: ^ 1 h.* hJ tO rf* -» 4,. O ,yj to ,y,, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [ 1 1 1 1 M rf- rf^ CO a^ -t to 0. to to ,/ , uc, w P ua u.. -t :i ^1, . ^i;y:,c;rtoto — -j!M,ii,i3 — -jccio s r ,r: '-jto'— 4-'4*^'jc, -. 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CO to CO Co to to to to to ^0 to 44 to 44 44 44 to to W 4. 44 -4' 44 44 44444444444444^ Co — C;tOttOtOtoa>eOatOiptO_ucCrj444-CO — -t4-4-4*444-— ,yj^tO4-OS00 — t0-I0.^44'^44t0-J-4Ci0vC044OC0t0 > cob '4- ya44-icnoo!otococo = t0 44 3 o 4- 4.10 to'to'to'-i'oc to'c '4- »l-J'to'= -i 4- 44 '-, '0 ov'co'toC^'to'oa en en bvto'44 en -t-^COittooiooi — ento-4?-^COct., C5-4=;<=.5j,CDlO4-C0Ct4*^44,;^— -4-^=-y_, ~, -o-. -toitOrf-COOnOtOXCoS^O " 1 at 4- C-. ot to -o *.. ot CO -^ 41 to to to ,,/j ,oa 01 M —t to 3 4* Co ^ CO to oa to .— en to — to Oi « -4 -4 CO 4- CO to to aa to ,J5 —1 to ;;t s ,332 ,828 .168 ,231 ,312 ,809 ,469 ,859 ,885 ,737 ,423 ,963 ,225 ,634 ,204 ,363 ,608 ,276 ,331 ,790 ,961 ..536 ,609 ,906 ,345 ,641 ,504 ,979 ,833 ,697 ,040 ,844 ,774 ,035 ,219 ,8)6 ,934 ,043 853 ,512 ,967 326 ,519 134 ,■247 ,7911 ,750 ,847 ,798 U ft o_ — ..t ^9 4.44 0tcicrten,en 1 at :rt cn 4- en p. in aa 4. en 4- ca ca ca lo to to to -t to 44 ,o to ,aa ca ,;a to la to 44 ^ ^ 44 ,^ ^ 44 ,o aa to ^44 — 11? I'fc^ gS2£Si.iiti5,4.^ScJo;:J£iattKfe5;Et2:!yt,xgS!oil^a:^te;JSi^iifeti4^,i.l3JSS -'f} 4444tO*.44 44444444444.^4444 ,_144t0 4444 ^ 2 to-t-t — cotoc«a*.toco4.tKtotocctooco-4(?jasootaicsCcflc:nc;Tc;tcitD«.4oaoen =>'o>to totococo44 44 44 4444 i^ ,765 ,853, 94), ,072, 991. ,540, ,604 ,196, ,771, ,.5.55, 359 ,1,37, 906 ,608, ,:)94, .475 ,019 ,386 ,164, ,131 ,oa5 ,268, 270 ,692, ,24:), ,075, ,701, ,260, ,7.53, ,94:). ,933, ,096, ,004, ,430, ,460, ,417, ,930, 368, ,631. ,183. ,158, ,231, ,5.33, ,579, ,381, 830. ,290: ,301, 477 ,589 ,953 ,017 ,1.36 ,4:)1 Oil ,985 .109 ,093 ,747 ,040 ,802 ,366 ,700 ,412 ,075 ,140 ,421 ,114 ,187 ,295 ,255 ,8:31 ,236 ,743 ,2113 ,.530 ,639 ,2.39 ,877 ,1,52 ,423 ,813 ,110 ,274 ,312 981 ,4:)3 ,8,82 409 384 317 ,203 ,428 ,006 ,103 ,930 ,704 1 v -itoto^ctjr. aa :: "r _~ r. — , en - -n :: :: :: c: :: ;; :: a: 44 a_ :: ir ,a ;: :: 4- :: 1; :: :; 7: -t — . ca^ 44 to — 4444— 44 44 (o •z. ^%&i'h'il'^X^'i.vi[ :" -l/:vi 7 :';':7~;"uO:-,i5^:r"| = islSiSil;i^ ^-. — 00 00 Oi Oi y; ^ *- -4 O- -1 C". 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X, STATISTICS OF COINAGE. 1. Deposits for Coinage, at the Mint of Ike United States and its Branehes, in the Year 1850. GOLD. Coins of U. S., old ,sland. Fureiiin Coins UiiiUMl Stales Uiillion.. Foreign liuUiun Total ol Gold BILVEIt. United States llulUon. . Foreign Bullion Foreign I'oins Total ol Silver Total. $9,996 1.3113.740 86.988,314 113.110 $38,365,160 $269,263 143,192 1,526,696 1,939,041 $40,304,201 Coinage of the Mint of the United Stales and its Branches, in the Year 1850. DenumiaHtiuns. Pieces. 1 Value. Denomi[iatiun9. Hieces. Value. GOLD. Gold & Copper Donb. Eagles 1,311,261 $26,225,220 00 Coins 7,268,420 $32,026,200 Eagles 348 951 8,489,610 00 llallKagka.. 172,182 860,160 00 BILVKB. yuar. Eagles 858,219 895,542 50 Dollars 47,500 47.500 Dollars 511,8ul 511,801 00 llair Dollars.. 2,6a3,0l'0 1,841,800 Quar. Dollars . Dimes 0112,800 2,411,511(1 160.700 244,180 Total Gold . . 2,701,764 $.31,981,788 50 COPPKR. Cents Half Cents . . 4,426,844 39,812 44,2t)8 44 199 66 Half Dimes . . l,i;45,0ll0 82,280 Total 14,688,2211 $38,892,301 Total Copper 4,666,666 $44,467 50 3. Coinage of the Mint of the United States, from 1792, including the Coinage of the Branch Mints, from the Commencement of their Operations, in 1838. Years. Gold. Silver, Copper. WIIOIK COINAGK. hu. ul f-icce^. t..lue. $71,4,85 00 102,727 60 103,422 50 2116.610 00 218.285 00 317,760 00 422,570 00 42:3.810 00 258.877 60 268,642 50 ]Tii,:367 50 824.505 00 487,495 00 284,665 00 169,875 00 601.4:35 00 497.906 00 290.435 00 477 140 00 77,270 00 3,175 00 •242,940 00 268,615 00 1,819,1180 00 189,:!25 00 SS9S0 00 72,425 00 98,2011 00 166,385 00 92,246 00 181,566 00 140. 1j6 liO 295,717 50 64.8,11 6 00 714,270 00 798,485 00 978,551) 00 3.954,270 00 2.1^6,176 00 4,135,70" 00 1,148,81)5 00 1,8119,595 00 1.366,8.58 00 1,676,302 60 1,091,697 60 1,881,170 60 8,108,797 60 2.280 00 8,766,447 50 4.084,1 r7 00 20,221,856 00 8,776,512 60 9,llo7 761 50 31,951,7:3:3 50 $:!70,688 80 79,077 50 12,591 45 3811,291 00 423,615 00 224,296 UO 74.785 00 58 843 00 87,118 00 100,340 50 149.883 60 471.319 00 697.448 75 684.800 00 707,376 00 638,778 50 608.:340 00 814.1129 60 620,951 60 661,687 50 17,808 00 28.575 75 607,788 60 1,070,464 60 1,1411,001) liO 601.680 70 825,762 46 806,806 60 895 .550 00 1.752,477 00 1.564.5t8 00 2,002.090 00 2 869,200 00 1 575,600 00 1.994,578 00 2,49,5,400 00 8.175.600 00 2 579,iil)0 00 2 7..9.000 00 3.415.002 00 8.443.003 00 8,61)6,1(10 00 2 096,010 00 2,3:33 218 00 2.159,296 00 1.726,703 00 1,1:32,7.50 00 2,3:32,750 00 8.834.75) 00 2.2:35 651) 00 1.873.2(10 00 2,6,56,550 00 2,874.450 00 2,04l).(i60 00 2,114,950 00 1,866,100 00 $11,373 00 10,324 40 9.610 84 9,797 00 9,106 68 29,279 40 13.628 87 84,422 83 25,203 03 12.844 94 13.483 48 6,260 00 9,6.52 21 13,090 00 8,001 63 15.660 00 2,495 95 10,7,55 00 4,180 00 8,678 80 2S,2li9 82 89.484 00 81,670 00 26.710 00 44,076 50 3.890 00 20,728 89 12,620 00 14,926 00 16.844 25 28.667 82 25,636 24 16.680 00 17,116 00 33.603 60 23,620 00 28.160 00 19.161 00 89 459 00 23,100 00 55,558 00 6:1,702 00 31.256 61 24,627 00 15,973 67 23,83:! 90 24,253 20 23,987 52 38.948 04 41,208 00 61,8:36 69 64,1,57 99 41,984 .32 44,467 50 1,834.420 1,219.370 1,095,165 1,868.241 1.865.681 3,.387,972 1,671,890 3.615 869 2,780 830 2.046839 2.260.861 1,816,4(19 2.781,846 2,985,888 2,801,884 3.056,418 1,649,570 2,761,646 1.755,:i31 1,883,559 69,567 2,888,185 5,168,967 5,.537,0S4 6,074,723 6.492,809 8.139,249 3,813,788 2,166.486 4,7»6.894 6.175,760 f.,7;4.J34 9,1)97,846 6.11)0.853 7.674,501 8.:357.191 11.792.284 9.128,887 10.807,790 11,687,613 16.996 342 18.719.338 13.()10.721 16,780,311 11,811.594 10,668.240 8,811,968 11,743,153 4,640,582 9.051,8:34 1.806.196 1",)83,615 16,:392,344 12.6)9.790 12.666.659 14,558,220 $453,641 60 1796 192,129 40 125.524 29 17y8 645,693 00 1799 646 906 63 1800 571.385 40 1801 1802 610,9,56 87 616,075 83 1^03 870,693 63 1804 871.527 94 18ii5 8:3:3,239 43 801,084 00 18o7 1,044,695 96 18118 982,066 00 lSi9 884,7.52 53 1810 1,1.55.868 60 lijll 1,I(.8,740 95 1812 1,115,219 50 1813 1,102,275 50 1814 642,.585 80 181.5 20.4S3 00 1816 66.7.-5 57 1S17 647.267 .50 1818 1,345.061 ,50 1819 1,426,825 00 1820 1,864.786 20 1821 1,018,977 46 1822 915 5(19 89 1823 967,976 00 1824 1858 297 00 1825 1,785,894 00 1>,26 2,110,679 25 1827 3,024,842 39 1828 1,741.881 24 1829 2,:306 875 60 1830 3,155 620 OO 1881 8,928.473 60 1832 8,4(11,165 00 1833 8 765.710 00 1834 7,3 -8 423 00 18:j5 6 61 8,667 00 1836 7,764.900 00 IfS? 8,299 838 00 1888 4.21 6 640 00 1339 8.576.467 61 1840 8 426.632 60 1841 2.240,321 17 1842 4.190.754 40 1843 1I.967.6;!0 70 1844 7.6S7.767 62 1845 6 668,595 64 1846 6.6::8.9li5 00 1847 22.657.671 69 1848 5,879.720 49 1849 11,164,695 83 1860 88,892,301 00 Total $117,330,935 00 $77,447^64 90 $1,296,21 102 870,586,129 $196 074 710 92 STATISTICAL GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. AAR ACK Aaronsburg, p. v., Centre co., I^enn. : on Elk cr., 51 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 226. A^E0».'8 KuN, p. o., Montgomery co., Kt/. : on a small tributary of Licking r., 49 m. E. Frankfort. Abbebville, p. v., La Fayette co., Mm. : 156 m. N. N.TV. Jackson. Abbeville district, ^S'. Car. Situate W., and contains 960 sq. m. The Savannah washes its 3. W. and the Saluda its N. E. bordt-rs, while numerous streams, tributary to these rivers, drain the interior. The surrace is agreeably variega- ted by hill and dale, and a considerable part of tbo soil is rich and fertile. The products are chiefly Indian corn and cot- ton. Farms 1,S14; manof. 156; dwell. 2,391, and pop.— ■wh. 12,693, fr. col. 3G3, si. 19,262— total, 32.318. Capital: Abbeville. Public Work^: Abbeville Branch R. R. Abbeville, p. v., and cap. Henry co. Ala. : on a branch of Tattayabba cr., 86 m. S. W. Montgomery ; it contains a C. H. and other public boiidinga. The " Abbeville Ban- ner" is issued weekly. Pop. fl'27. Abbhville, p. v., and cap. Abbeville disL, S. Car. : near the centre of the district, 90 ra. W. Columbia : it contains a C. H., a jail, an arsenal, a magazine, and several stores. The •' Abbevllte Banner" is issued weekly. A branch of the Greenville and Columbia R. R. terminates at this point. Abbeville, p. v., Vermillion par., La. : on W. side Ver- million r, 169 m. W. S. W. of Baton Rouge. Abbeytille, p. v., Medina co., Ohi^D : 109 m. N. E. Co- lumbus. Abbot, t, and p. o., Piscataquis co.. Me. : on Piscataquis r, 54 m. N. Augusta. Abbott's Ckeek, p. o., Davidson co.y MOar.: on a cr. of the same name, 94 m. W. Raleigh. Abbottstown, p. v., Adams co., Perm. : on Beaver cr., 42 m. S. S. W. Harrisburg. Abboitsville, p. v., Darke co., Ohio : 94 m. W. Colum- bus. Abb's Valley, p. o., Tazewell co., Virg. : at the head of Tug fork of Sandy r., 223 ra. W. S. W. Richmond. Aberdeen, p. v., Monroe co., Mi.ss. : W. sido Tombigbee r., 142 m. N. E. Jackson. Two newspapers, the " Monroe Democrat," and the " Independent," arc issued weekly. Aberdeen, p. v.. Brown co., Ohio: on Ohio r., opposite Maysville, Ky., 86 m. S. S. W. Columbus. Pop. b07. Aberfoil, p. v., Macon co., Ala. : on a head cr. of Pea r., 84 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. Abb Spring, p. o., Calhoun co., Flor. : 71 m. S. W. Tal- lahassee. Abingdon, p. v.. Lake co., lU. : on Des Plainea r., 20S m. N. E. Springfield. Abingdon, p. v., Harford co., Md. : on W. side Bush cr., 87 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. Abikqdon, p. v., and cap. Washiogtou co., Virg. : oa a cr. of Holsttm r., 252 m. "W. S. W. Richmond. It contains the county buildings, several factories and stores, and about 3U0 dwellings. Two newspapers, the "Democrat" and " Virginian." are issued weekly. Abington, p. v., Windham co.. Conn.: S. of and near Mashamugit br. of Quinnebaug r., 42 m. E. N. E. Hart- ford. Abington, p. t, "Wayne co., Ind. : on "W. bank of E. fork ofWhite r., 56 m. E. Indianapolis. Abington, t and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass.: on Old Colony K. R., 19 m. S. Boston. The people are chiefly en- gaged in shoemaking. Pnp. 5,269, Ablngton, p. t, Montgomery co., Penn.: 94. m. E. Har- risburg. Abington Centre, p. v., Lucerne co., Penn. : (see Wa- VERLV). Aboitk, t and p. v., Allen co., Ind. : on Aboite cr. of Little r., 96 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Abradajitown, p. v., Marion co., J^tor, Abeau's Plains, p. o., Granville co., IT. Car. : 48 m. N. Raleigh. Abscota, p. v., Calhoun co., Mich. : 88 ra. 9. Lansing. AnsECUM, p. v., Atlantic co., N". Jer. : on Absecum cr., 2 ra. above the bay, an;. Car.: on S. side Shaw's cr. of Edisto r., M m. S. W. Cohmibia, and on the line of the S. Car. K. K., 120 m. W. Charleston. Pop. SoO. Aikin*s Store, p. o., Montgomery co.. Ark. : 07 m. W. .S. W. Little P.ock. Air Mount, p. o., Clark co., Ala. : 102 m. W. S. W. Mont- gomery. Akbon, p. v., Erio CO., AC Y. : on Muddy cr, 2M m. W. Albany. Akron, p. v., anile Bay. It affords, in connection with ila branches, a great line of interior navigation. THE STATE OF ALABAMA. Alabama is bounded on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Georgia and Florida, on the south by Flor.da and the GiHf ofTetieo ami on the west by Milsissippi, and extends generally between latitudes 31o and 350 north, and long- m eslsoio'and SSO SP w«t from Greenwich, or SO OS' an.l 11° 29' from Washington; a narrow stnp, however, extends oh beyond The main body of the St.ate between Florida and Mississippi, reaching the Gul of Mexico which , stnk« m nb u 3 10^ Its length from north to south, excluding the strip of land .above ment^ned, ,s 22hm.es, and M, b eadth varks from 46 miles on the north line to 210 on the south line; and the area of the State is 50,722 square mdes. The nrh-eastem part of Alabama, being traversed by several ridges of the AUeghanies which termmate m h,s State, is decidedly mountainous, but presents nowhere any considerable elevations. South of this mountam region the surmce has "o-cncral declivity towari the Gulf of Mexico, tirst descending gradually from mountams to high hills and hen sinking to a vast plain, scarcely broken except by gentle swells ; and the more southern portion ,s a dead evel, but little Jl?ove the water surface of the ocean. The southern half of the State consists of ex ensire prairies and pine-barrens toterspersedwith alluvial river bottoms of great fcrlility ; and the lands of the centre and north are generally covered with "lood f not a very rich and productive soil. In the valley of the Tennessee, which occupies so large an area in the northern partof Ihe State, .alluvion is the prevailing formation; and the rich bottom-lands of this region are extensive, and form one of the richest agrieuUural districts wilhin the limits of the State. With the exception of the Tennessee, which takes a circular sweep through Northern Alabama, but receives no con- siderable tributary on its southern side, all the rivers flow into the Gulf of Mexico ; nearly the whole surface mdeed is drained into one single channel, the Mobile Eiver, which by several large arms gathers up the waters of the whole south- ern slope except those of a comparatively small tract in tlio south-east. The Chattahoochee although a large slream, and washing the eastern border for more than a hundred miles, receives only a few inconsiderable streams fVom this state ; and the Choclawhatchee, Conecuh, and Perdido are, in point of size, secondary rivers The Mobile, the great river of Alabama, is formed by the junction of two large rivers, the Alabama and Tombigbee, 50 mdes above Mobile Bay. A few miles below its junction it gives out a large branch, called the Tensaw. which receives also an arm from the Alah.™a and reaches Mobile Bay at Blakely. The Tombigbee. or Western Branch of the Mobile ,s ormed by- the confluence of two large streams, the Tombigbee Proper from Mississippi, and .he Black Warrior from Northern Alabama. It =■< ""l^ '''- sels drawing Ave or six feet of water to St. Stephens, 93 miles from the bay, and steamboate to Tuscaloosa on he Black Warrior, 235 miles, .and to Columbus, on the Tombigbee Proper, in Mississippi, about 300 miles. The length of^liis rn er of th;7i«;," and even t;"wetum'pka;on the Coosa, several miles above. The C,«sa and Tallapoosa »'»'l'^''!'' "'™^^^ in Georgia. The navigation of all these rivers, however, is interrupted during the season of low water in the summer months, and at best affords only a precarious means of transport for merchandise. j. „ „„„ „f .„„„ m miles The sea-coast of Alabama extends only from the Perdido to the western line of the State, a d, tance °f »°™ jW J'l^^' but it contains Mobile Bay, one of the largest and deepest basins on the Gulf, and the great outlet of the na^^gable wa- ALABAMA. ters of the iStatc. This fine sheet of water is about 30 miles long, and from three to IS miles broiul. and the main on trance has 15 feet of water at low tide, but vessels of more than eight or nine feet draft cannot approach nearer than 10 or 11 miles from Mobile City, except at hi;^h wathtricf, the coun- ties of Autauga, Baldwin, Barbour, Bibb, Botler, ChamlK;rs, Choctaw, Clarke, Coffee, Conecuh, Coosa, Covington, Dale, Dallas, Green, llenry, Lowndes, Macon, Marengo, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, Terry, Pike, Pickens, Randolph, Rus- sell, Shelby, Sumter, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Tuscaloosa, Wilcox, and Washington. The IS counties in the north con- tained 214,666 inhabitants, of which 151,690 were whites, 495 free colored, and 62,4-81 slaves; and the S4 counties m tho south, 557,005, of which 274,817 wero whites, 1,777 free colored, and 280,411 slaves. Deaf and dumb, in the whole State, 211 ; blind, 308; insane, 245, and idiotic, 505. Alabama is principally engaged in agricultural pursuits; but it has also an increasing manufacturing interest, and a flourishing commerce. Ita principal agricultural staples are cotton and sugar ; and its chief manufactures arc coarse cotton fabrics, iron, machinery", agricultural implements, carriages, etc. The statistics of its various interests in 1860 were as follows : Oceup^M Lands, ^c— Improved lands, 4,435.614 acres, and unimproved, 7,702,067 acres, valued at $64,323,224. Number of farms, 41,964. Value of farming implements and machinery, $5,125.06;3. Live Stock.—lloTscs, 120.001 : asses and mules, 59,895 ; milch cows, 227,291 ; working oxen, 66.961 ; other cattle, 433,263; sheep, 871,880; and swine, 1,904.540— valued at $21,690,112. Pro(?tiCfe.— Wheat, 294,044 bushels; rye, 17,261; Indian corn, 28,754,048; oats, 2.9C5.G97; barley, 3,953 ; buckwheat, 843; peas and heans, 892,701 ; Irish potatoes, 246,001; sweet potatoes, 5,475,304 bushels; rice, 2.311.252 pounds: tobnc- ro, 164,990 pounds; ginned cotton, 5W,429 bales of 400 pounds; hay, 32.685 tons; clover seed, 133 bushels, and other grass seed, 547; hops, 276 pounds ; water-rotted hemp, 70 tons; flax, 3,841 pounds; flaxseed, 67 bushels ; maple sugar, 643 pounds; cane sugar, 8,243 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, a3,428 gallons ; wine. 220 gallons ; value of products of orchard, $15,408, and of market-gardens, $.84.821 ; beeswax and honey, 897,021 pounds ; silk cocoons, 167 pounds ; wool, 657,118 pounds; butter, 4,008,811, and cheese, 81,412 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered, $4,823,485. Home-made manufactures were valued at $1,934,120. J/(MiH/a('^wre.s.— Aggregate capital invested, $im(,OO0,OO0; value of raw material, fuel, etc-, consumed, $00,000,000; average number of hands employed, 00,000— males, 00,000, and females, 00,000; average monthly cost of male labor, ALABAMA. raw material, $23T,fi31 and to fema.™, $2,946;' value o'f products fur the y^'^' ^^^^^^^^ 790 OOO lbs. yam. Capit-il employed in cast-iron manulact.irc, !f21b,5,5 , ^ al ue o „..,' „. „ „ „.„„. iw (IS ner month : Mstines made, 1,91,5 tons ; value of themanufactnreofp,,-,rona„dlmth w-^^^^^^^ vtra^e num ,i , , ^_^ ^_^.^^ 3,081,000 yards sheolmg, cte., and > of raw material, $102,085 : hands employed, 21. at average wase,; $30 05per month; castings made, 1,91.5 tons; value of all P'°'^^^f'^'"''''fJ^^i;'^^^^^^^ S;;^:^ironma^.^heZu...»ofp^^^ Tl^Z:^';^^::^^^^:^^^^^^^ country, m MohUe, ^d some of tho larger int..rior Mobile is the only port open t<5 the foreign trade. Shipping and, fkarances, 1S2 vessels, and n' vi^-tted by steam is 12,02S tons, chiefly employed on the rivers. During the year, three schooners of 113 tons « tre budi. The fouorng table wiU exhibit the movement of foreign commerce in this State, f^om ISIS to 1S51 : Imports. IV-irs. Exporta. 1S29 $1.693,9.')S . 1S30 2,294,954 . 1831 2,41.'!,894 . Y.?3ra. Exports. 181 J $96,S.5T . 1819 50,906 . 1S20 9G,6:J6 . 1821 108,960 . 1822 209,743 . 1823 200,337 . 460,727 . 692,6:35 . 86,421 125,770 91,604 11.3,411 1832... .. 2,736,387 1833 ... .. 2,.527,961 18.34 . . . .. 5,670,797 18.35 ... ... 7,574,692 13.36 ... ...11,184.166 1S37 ... ... 9.671,401 18.33 ... 1S39 ... ... 9,683,244 Import 3. . $233,730 . 144.823 . 224,4.35 . 107,787 . 265,918 . 396,361 . ,525,!155 . 6.51.613 . 609,385 Years. Export?. Imports. 1840 . . ...$12,8.54.094 ... . . $574,651 1841 .. ... 10,981,271 ... .. 630.819 1842 .. ... 9.96.-.,675 ... .. 363,871 184S .. ... 11,1,57,460 ... . . 860,0,55 1844.. 1845 .. ... 9,907.054 ... ... «2,818 1S46 .. ... 5.260„317 ... ... 269,607 1847 .. . . . 9,0.51,580 . . . ... 3911,161 1848 .. ... 11,927,749 ... ... 419,396 1849 .. . . . 12,833,725 . . . ... 6r,7,U7 1850 .. . . . 10,544,853 . . . ... 86.5,362 1324 1825 692,6:35 ii3,4it i>™ yzv": ;:;,;'ock 1326 1,527,112 179,.554 18-27 1,376,:SM 201,909 1S23 1,132,659 171,909 Railroad 209 miles Ion-, extends from Selma to Guntersville ; tho Montgomery and West Point Eadroad is 80 m.Ies long fnd here are s^m otSer important lines chartered, and some in progress : these have been of eo.nparahvcly stna I beneSt afy^rut Xn op™ d for commerce, and their exterior connections built, the elfeet they will have m st.mulatmg proK Ltton a. d coiumpt on, will be felt in every direction-tho latent mineral wealth of the State w> 1 be dtsentombed the fine '"t^nland'ontte rivers will be entered and cultivated, mechanic trades wiU be demanded everywhere, and the whole eoun^ will e3n,erience a beneficial change in its material welfare. Besides these avenues of comtnc-rce, Alabama :i rc=il,The "luscle Shoab Canal," and the "Huntsvil.e Canal;" the former 85i miles long --J "-"r'extnd" the north bank of the Tennessee, and designed to overcome tho ohstraetion caused by the shoals ; and the latter extend- in" from Triana on the Tonaessee, 16 milea, to Hunts^alle. Ba2 -to January, 18,50, there was one bank in the State-the Bank of the State of Alal,ama-w.th branches at the prmc pal pit. I,., i^gre^ate condition, as published in the General Bank returns by the Federal Gov',rnment, ,, elibu:^ ^ the following tig^^res ; ^,..<.,-loans and discounts, $2,116,591 ; «t"cks «71,018 ; real estate «l.A601;om- investments $1 "■■><> 201 ; due by other banks, $923,209 ; notes of other banks, 16.029, and specie, $1,30. 393 ; ai^d h M^ Z.!i"S $i:6oi'ooo'; circulation, $2,553,363; deposits, $1,216,319; due other banks, $20,740; and other habamcs, *^e««««.-The Constitution provides that every white male citizen of the United States twenty-one years of age. » resident of the State one year, and in the county, city, or town three months next preceding, may vote for the election of aU constitutional officers. The executive power is vested in a Governor, who is chosen by a I'.'"^"'^ "^ ^"'/^ ,["[ •;™ '■■^^;'^ he must be at least thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have resided in the State four j e.r.^ The General Assembly consists of a Senate and House of Eepresentatives : the Senate o 33 members, »f '^^ f J™: J^"' one half biemiially. and the House of 100 members, elected for two years. The qualifications extend """y '^/^ "°^ f^ idence. The Assembly meets in Montgomery on tho second Monday in November every second year, commencing 1827. Tho Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, with a Chief .lustiee and two associate Justices a "'■P"*'' f '"™'^ General, and Clerk; a Court of Chancery, with separate chanceUors for the three districts of the State, " °« CmJU't Courts, each with a Judge., Solicitor, etc. ; County, or Probate Courts, etc.. The judges of the Supreme and CLincery • Courts are elected bv joint vote of both houses of the legislamre for six years The Supreme Court has appclhile juris- ALA ALB diction only, iind holds its apasions at the capital, annually, on the first Monday of January and June, for the hearing and determining points of kiw taken by appeal or writ of error from the Chancery. Circuit, and Probate Courts. The volumes of reported decisions are 87 in number. For chancery legislation the Slate is divided into 3 Divisions and 3T Districts, in each of which at least one court is held annually. Circuit courts have jurisdiction in all civil and criminal cases in the State, and hold two sessions (spring and fall), in each county annually. In Mobile county criminal jurisdic- tion has been transferred to the Special City court of Mobile, which holds three terms each year, and has concurrent jurisdiction with the Circuit Courts, except in real actions. The judges of probate are also clerks of the court and re- gisters of deeds for their respective counties. Alabama, under the >aw regulating the distribution of Representativea to Congress, has b delegation oTsevm members. Finance.s. — On the Slst December, 1S49, the foreign debt of the State amounted to $6,693,9SS DS, and the domestic debt to $1,S4&.220 99— total debt $S,539,109 97. The annual liabilities of the State are— interest on debt $418,627 70, and the estimated current expenses of the government $97,678— total $510,305 70. The immediate means of the treasury on the 1st Nov., 1S49, were— balance from former dates $588,792 44, taxes for 1850 $4S7,9S7 48, and interest on $1,100,000 U. 8. 6 per cent, stock owned by the State $66,000— total $1,092,779 92, from which deduct annual disbursements, and the balance will be $596,474 22, of which $433,016 is the amount of notes of the Slate bank in the treasury. The real balance then is $178,458 22, which sum is morever liable for $60,000, appropriated for the rebuilding of the State House, liunil in Dec, 1S49. The State has resources besides the V. S. stock, and the treasury balance above alluded to, amounting to $1,766,907 64, its interest in the State bank, etc., all which may be applied to the discharge of the public debt. Jieligimis Denmnmatkm-'i. — The statistics of the principal denominations, according to their own returns in 1 850, were as follows : Presbyterians, 85 churches, 52 ministers, and 4,280 members ; Protestant Episcopal, 13 churches, 23 ministers, and 718 members ; Methodist Episcopal, 573 ministers, and 48,091 members ; Baptists, 516 churches, 302 ministers, and 86,421 members ; Roman Catholics, 11 churches, 20 ministers, and 9,000 members, etc. The Protestant Episcopal Church is under the Bishop of Alabama, and the Roman Catholic Church under the Bishop of Mobile, the see of the latter including also West Florida. Besides these, the minor churches are all more or less in existence. Education. — Alabama has not been unmindfid of the education of its citizens, and has many highly efficient educa- tional establishments. Besides its primary and common schools, academies, etc.. which are comparatively numerous, there are the University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, founded in 1S3S; La Grange College, founded in 1830; Spring Hill College, founded in 1830 ; Howard College, at Marion, founded in 1841, and others of various distinction. The Univer- sity had in 1850, 9 teachers, 107 alumni, of which 16 were ministers, and 91 students— and a library of 7,123 volumes; the college at La Grange had 6 teachers, 111 alumni, and 70 students— and a library of 3,700 volumes : the college at Spring Hill had 12 teachers and 70 students — and a library of 4,000 ; and Howard College had 5 teachers and 70 students— and a library of 2,450 volumes. At Marion is also located the Howard Theological Institution, under Baptist auspices, and there are Law and Medical Schools attached to the University. Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in Alabama is 61, of which 31 are whig and 23 dem- ocratic in their policy, and 13 are devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. ; 6 are issued daily, 4 tri-wcekly, 1 semi- weekly, 49 weekly, and 1 semi-monthly. The circulation of the daily papers is in the aggregate 9,177 copies ; of the tri- weekly 550 copies ; of the semi-weekly — copies ; of the weekly 24,120 copies, and of the semi-monthly 750 copies — making in the aggregate about 4,230,441 copies annually. MoNTGOiEEEY 18 the State capital. Alacitua county, Flor. Situate E. centrally, and contains about 1,800 sq. m. Surface varied, but mostly level, and drained by head sources of Santa F§ r. and other streams. There are several lakes in the S. and E. portions, which communicate with St John's r. Soil highly congenial to all Southern staples. Farms 233; dwell. 274, and pop. — wh. 1,617, fr. col. 1, al. 90&-total, 2,524. Capital: New- nansville. ALAcinrA savannah, Flor. : situate N. W., in E. Flor., and comprises a fine savannah, about 50 m. in circumfer- ence, without a tree or bush, but encircled with hills, cov- ered with forests and orange groves on a very rich soil. The ancient Alachua Indian frown stood on the borders of this savannah, but the Indians removed on account of the unhealthiness of the locality. Alaiedon, p. v., Ingham co., Mich.: on a cr. of Grand r., 12 m. S. E. Lansing. Pop. 420. Alamo, p. v., Montgomery co., Iiid. : on a branch of Sugar cr., 42 ra. "W. N. W. Indianapolis. Alamo, t. and p. v., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on a cr. of Kalamazoo r., 46 m. W. S. W. Lansing. Alamooe, p. o., Reynolds co., Mo. : 113 m. S. S. E. Jef- ferson City. Alamtjtcha, p. v., Lauderdale co., Miss. : 93 m. E. Jack- son. Alanthits Gbote, p. c, Gentry co., Mo. : 161 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Alapada, p. v., Lowndes co., Ga. : 210 m. S. Milledge- viUe. Alapaha river, Ga. : a luMinch of Suwannee r, rising in Dooly CO., and having a S. E. and S. course to the junction n Hamilton co., Flor. : it is navigable for boata throughout Ita whole length of 113 m. 36 Alaqita, p. v., Walton, co., Hor. : on a cr. so called, 114 m. W. Tallahassee. Alaeka, p. T., Macon co., M Car. : 276 m. "W. S. "W. Ra- leigh. Alatamaha river, Ga. : a navigable stream, formed by the union of the Ockmulgee and Oconee rivers. After a course of about 100 m. from tlie junction, flowing in a gentle stream through forests and plains, it empties through sev- eral mouths into Alatamaha Sound, GO m. S. W. of Savan- nah, and thence passes to the Atlantic Ocean. It is navi- gable on both branches for about 800 m. for boats of 30 tons. The bar at the mouth has 14 feet of water at low tide. Alatamaha sound, Ga. : an arm of the Atlantic, which receives the Alatamaha r. It contains a number of beauti- ful islands, which are celebrated for the production of the long staple cotton called Sea Island cotton. Alba, p. v., Bradlbrd co., Penn. : 103 m. N. by E. Har- risburg. Albant county, K. Y. Situate N. centrally on Hudson r., and contains 515 sq. ra. Drained by Noruuxnskill, Vlamanskill, HaivankrauskilJ, and Coeyman's cr. : the Mo- hawk lies on the N. border. Surface uneven — in some places hilly: soils mostly sandy, but near the rivers highly fertile. Iron, limestone, etc., abound, and there are sul- phur springs. Farms 2,903 ; manuf. 893 ; dwell. 12,747, and pop.— wh. 92.110, fr. col. 1,169— total, 93,279. Capital: Al- bany. Public M^orks : Champlain Canal ; Albany and Schenectady E. R. ; Albany and Binghampton R. R. ; ex- tensive docks, etc. Albany, p. city and cap. Albany co., JVT K, and legisla- tive capital of the State of New York : on W. side Hudson r.. 376 m. N. N. E. Washington, lat. 42° 39' 03" N., long. 30 16' 59" K. from ■Washington, or 73° 4i' 49" W. from " ALB ALB Greonwicli. Pop. 59JT1. The portion of tho city nii the river is built on a low flat, but beyond this the surfaee rises rapidly to an elevation of about 200 feet. The older part of the town is irregularly laid out, and sevej-al of Uie streets are narrow. The newer portions, however, are spa- cious and handsomo, and contain fine shojis and dwelling- houses. The pul)lic buildings, except tho Exeliange. are located on the heights, and have a commantling position, overlooking the vicinity. Among these, the Capitol, State House, and City Hall, are the most conspicuous. The Capitol is a large stone building, 115 feet long and 90 broad, fi-onting east on a flno park. It contains aeeoTuniodations for the Senate and Assembly, the State Library, aiul nu- merous apartments for the use of the government. Tho Blate House, a fine marble building, is situate on the E. Bide of the Parle sipiare, and accommodates the executive and administrative oifieers of the State; and the City Hall, an edifice of similar material, also on tho same side of the Park, contains the municipal offices. The Exchange is a large granite budding at the foot of State-street. The oth- er public buildings are the Albany Academy, the Medical College, the State Normal School, and numerous benevo- lent and literary institutions. Tho old State House, on the 8. side of State-street, is now used as a depository for the geological collection made by the Statu surveyors. The city contains between 60 and 70 churches, of various de- nominations, many of which are substantial and elegant elructurcs ; the streets are well lighted with gas, and wa- ter is supplied through iron pipes. There are tiro daily papers issued in Albany, namely, the "Argus" (dem.), the "Evening Journal" (whig), the *' At- las" (dem.), the "State Eegister" (whig), and the "Ex- press" (neutral) ; and the four first of these issue also weekly editions. The " Knickerbocker," the *■ Dutchman," and the " Freeholder," are issued weekly ; these are neu- tral in politics, and devoted chiefly to general nows and lit- erature. All these papers are ably conducted, and enjoy a wide reputation. The manufactures of Albany are extensive and various: it has numerous iron works, carriage factories, type foun- deries, oil-cloth factories, sawing and planing machines, malting houses, and has long been famous for its breweries. The trade of tlie city is also large, and ila commercial con- nections with the north and west give employment to thousands of its juhabifanta, as merchants, store-keepers, laborers, etc. Albany is the chief entrepot of a vast internal commerce: ite situation for such a purpose is un.surpassed. The Hud- eon washes its shores, and it has connection by canal with Lake Champlain, a long line of icterior counties, and with the Great West through Buffalo. Eailroads also extend hence lo all points, and collect and distribute many million dollars' worth of property annually. The railroads center- ijig at Aii>any are the Hudson River E. R., the Harlem Extension II. R.. the Western, from Boston, several others from the direction of Canada, the great northern chain ex- tending to Bufl'alo, and a line is about being built to Bing- hampton. on the Susqnchannah, which will <>pen to the city the mineral treasures of Pennsylvania, and a large extent of fertile country inler^'ening. In the season of navigation, there arc also several daily lines of steamers to and from New York, and on an ave- rage 3,000 or 4.000 persons are daily carried between the two places, while innumerable sloops, cana! boats, and tow- boats tran<*port millions of tons of merchandize and pro- duce constituting the material of its vast commerce. Al- bany was originally a trading post of the Dutch, and dates as such from Ki'28. It was successively known as Beaver- wyk and Wilhelmstadt; but after the capitulation, in 1664, H obtained the name of Albany, in honor c)f the Duke of York and Albany, the proprietary of the colony. In 1686 It was ch.nrlercd a* a city. Albaxv, p. v.. Baker co., Ga. : on "W. sido of Flint r..ll3 m. S. 8. \V. Millcdgovillc. Al)raach of the Brunswick and Florida R. E. from Thoraasville to this point is projected. Albany, p. v., Wbitesldes co., Rl. : on E. bank of Mis- sissippi r., 18S ra. N. N. W. Springfield. Alrany, p. v., Delaware to., Ind. : on Mississinewa r., 60 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Albany, 1. and p. o., Carroll co., JT. ffamp. : on Swid r., 52 ui. N. by E. Concord. Pop. AX^. Alba?»v, p. v., Caddo par. La. : 19S m. N. "W. Baton Ronge. Aluany, p. v.. and cap. Clinton co., Ky. : on Spring cr. of Obey"s r., 116 m. S. Frankfort. Alriny, p. v., Green co.. Wise. : 89 m. S. S. W. Madison, Albany, t. and p. o., Oxford co., 3fe. : on Crooked r,, 43 m. W. Augusta. V<>\k 747. Albany, p. v., Tuscarawas oo., Ok«o: SI m. E. by N. Co- lumbus. Albany, p. v., IK-iiry co., TVfin. ; o» S. (brk of Obion c., 92 m. W. Nashville.. Albany, L aud p. o., Berks co.. Ponn. : SO m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Albany, t. and p. v., Orleans co., Vfrm. : 3'i m. N. by E. Monlpelier. Pop, 1,051. Alrany, v., Linn co., Oreg. Ta\: on E. oido of "Willa- raetto r,, 20 m. S. Salem. ALRrtMARLE t»ounty, Yirg. Situate centrally on tho E. base of Blue Eidge, and contains T04 sq. m. James r. washes its .southern border, and the inltrior is chiefly drained by Albemarle r. and the head waters of the Eivan- na. Surface diversified, and the soils good. Wheat, In- dian corn, and tobacco are the chief products. Farms 935; manuf. 102 ; dwell. 2,022, and pop.— wh, 11,^76, fr. col. 586, si. 13.:53S— total, 25.S00. Capital: Charlotleville. Pnhlvi Wor/ci : Virginia Central E. R. and James P.iver Canal. Albemarle, p. v., Carroll co., M/'.ss. : ST m. N. by E. Jaek- son. Albemarle, p. v., and cap. Stanley co., K C- ga R. R., and also at the junction of the M^Minnville and Manchester R. E. ALLAMOcnv, p. v„ Warren Co., If, Je^r. : 88 m. N. Trenton. Allandale, p. v., Habersham CO., Ga. : 98 m. N. Mil- Icdgeville. Allatoona, p. v., Cass co., Ga. : on a cr. of Etowah r. ; and 103 m. N. W. Milledgcville. The Western and Allan- ALL ALL tie li. R. iutersects it 33 m. from Atlanta^ :iiid lun m. fioiii Chattanooga. Alleuan county, SRcK Situato W. on Lake Miehitcan, and contains 832 sq. m. Drained l>y Kalamazoo rivLT and its tributaries, and Black r. Surface varied — elevated to ward the E.: soils sandy, or sand mixed witli clay, wifli rich alhivial valleys along the rivers. Timber abundant. Farws 57U ; manuf. 30 ; dwell. OCT, and pop— wb, 5,l:ii), fr. col. &— total, 5,125. Ctipit.id: Allegan. ALLr.G;.\.N, t., p. v., and cap. Allegan co., ^ficJl. : on Kala- mazoo r., at the head of navigatiun. The " Allegan Record" is published weekly. A-LLEGHAXY county, 3fd. Situati^ extreme N. AV., and contains 1,050 sq. m. Drained l)y lril)utarii-s of N. branch of Potomac r. and by Muiinngahela r. Surface mountain- ous, with broad valleys : soils fertile : coal and iron in pro- fusion. Farms S92 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 3,s50, and pop. — wh. 21,G33, fr. col. 412, si. 724— total, 22,T09. Capital : Cum- berlimd. PnhUc Worlcs: Baltimore and Ohio R. R. ; Ches- apeake and Ohio Canal, and several railroads from Cum- berland to coal mines. Alleguant county, IK Y. Situate S. "W., and contains 1,1^5 aq. m. Drained by Genesee r., which flows through the county. Surface finely variegated, the Genesee valley being bounded by ranges of table land, which extend N. and S. : soils highly fertile, and famed for the quality of their cereal products. Bog iron abounds, and tliere is a epring from which Seneca oil is obtained. Farms S,1T3 ; manuf. 21)1 ; dwell. (),96S, and pop.— wh. 87,GS3, fV. col. 125— total, 37,8fiS. Capital: Angelica. Public Works: Gone- Bee Valley Canal ; New York and Erie K. R. ; Buffalo and New York City R. R. Alleghany county, Pt-nn.. Situate "W., and contains 1,022 eq. m. Drained by Monongahela and Alleghany rivers, which, uniting near the centre of tlie county, form the Ohio r. Surface hilly and wooded, but fertile to a high degree. It is the centre uf the W. iron region. Farms 3,720 ; manuf. 1,290 ; dweU. 22,5.^1, antl pop.— wh. 134,S27, fr. col. 3,463— to tal, 13S,290. Capital: Pittsburg. Fiiblic Worku : Penn- sylvania R. R. ; Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R. ; Steuben- ville K. R. ; Pennsylvania Canal, etc. Allegilaxy county, Vir(/. Situate centrally among the Alleghaniea, and contains 520 sq. m. Dritined by the head waters of James r. Surface varied, and in some parla rug- ged ; but in the valleys of the rivers the soils are rich and very productive. There are within the county several min- eral springs and much picturesque scenery. The products are wheat and oafs, with some tobacco. Farms 21 G ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. ■iCA, and pop.— wh. 2,763, fr. col. 58, si. 694— total, 8,515. Capital: Covington. Alleghany, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., 2K Y. (formerly Bdbton): on the New York and Erie R. R., 40S m. "W. N. W. New York. Alleghany, p. city, Alleghany co.,Panklin co., Ohio : on a branch of Scioto r., 10 ra. W. Columbus. Alton, p. v. and cap. Denton CO., Tej-. ; between Hick- ory cr. and Elm fork of Trinity r., 203 m. N. N. W. Austin City. Alton, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. Alton, t and p. v., Belknap co., Al ITamp. : on a b.iy of Lake Winnepiseogce, 22 ra. N. N. E. Concord. The Co- checo E. E. pa.s3es through the viUage, 27 m. N. W. Itom Dover. Pop. of 1. 1,796. Alton, p. v., Wayne CO., N. Y.: on the Eidge Eoad, 109 m. W. Albany. Alton Hill, p. 0., Macon co., Tenn. : 216 m. E. S. E. Nashville. AiTooNA, p. v., Blair co., Penn.: on Pennsylvania E. E., 131 m. W. Harrisburg. Aliim Bank, p. o., Bedford CO., Penm,: 86 m. W. 8. W. Harrisburg. Alitm Creek, p. o., Delaware Co., Ohio: on a cr. of tho same name, tributary to the Scioto r., 23 m. N. Colum- bus, Aura EocK, p. o., Alleghany co.,' Virg. : 149 m. W. Rich- mond. Alum Eitn. p. o., Monroe co., Oftio: on a cr. of tho s.arao name, flowing to the Ohio r., 106 m. E. 8. E. Columbus. Alcm Springs, p. o., Rockbridge CO., Virg.: Ill m. W. Richmond. Alvan, p. v., Jefl'erson co., Penn. : 122 m. W. N. W. Har- risburg. Alvika, p. v., Lycoming co., Penn. : 66 ra. N. W. Har- risburg. ALV AMS Altiso, v., Sauta Clara co., CuU/,: on CJuadalupe r., J^S m. 8. Vallego. Amacetta, p. T., Wayne co., Virg. : '2G3 ni. W. Rioh- motid. Amagansett, p. v., Suffolk co., X. T. : near tl/e E. ex- tremity of Long Island, on the Atlantic, 181 m. S. E. Al- bany. Amanda, p. v., Greenup co., Ay. : IGS m. E. N. E. Frank- fort. Amanda, t, and p. v., Fairflold co,, Ohio: on Clear cr., 26 m. S. E. Columbus. Fop. l,mG. Amandavii.le, p. v., Elbert co., Ga.: S3 m. N. by E. Milled^'.-ville. Amazon, p. v., Madison co., /a.; 131 m. "W. by S. Iowa City. Amber, p. v., Onondaga co., 2^. V. : near Otisco Lake, 120 m. AV. by N. Albany. Ambkrson's Valley, p. o., Franklin co., Penn.: 55 m. W. by S. Harriaburg. Ambler's Millh, p. o., LouJaa co., Vi'V. : 46 m. "W. N. "W". Richmond. Amboy, p. v., Lapeer co., Mich. : 73 m. E. by N. Lan- sing. Ambot, t. and p. o., Oswego co., iV; Z .■ on Salmon and Scriba creeks, 123 ra. W. Albany. Fop. 1 132. AjdBOY, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 168 m. N. E. Co- lumbus. Amboy Centre, p. c, Oswego co., Nl Y. : 124 m. "W. Al- bany. Amelia county, Virg. Situate in the S. E. on Appomat- tox r., and contains 29S sq. m. Drained by tiie tributaries of the Appomattox. Surface level or undulating, and Ilie soils originally rich and productive. The staples are com and tobacco. Farms 354; manuf. 5; dwi'll. 5GS, an utary of the Merrimac, Tho Eastern R. K. passes through the E. part of the town. Pop. 3,143. AJoaviLLE, p. v., Boone co., lit. : on a branch of Rock F r., 17a m. N. E. Springfield, and on tlie Galena and (Uiieago Union R. R. Amesville, p. v., Ulster co., K. Y. A.ME3VLLLE, p. T., Athens co., Ohio: 89 m. S. E. Colum- bus. Amherst county, Fi/v- Situate centrally at the base of Blue Ridge, and contains 41S sq. m. Drained by Pedlar cr. and Tye r., aftluenta of James r., which waslies its S. boundary. Surface elevated and much varied by Iiill and dale. Soils good, and very productive of wheat. Indian corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 72S ; dwell. 1,127, and pop. — wh. 6.353, fr. col. 393, si. 5,953— total, 13,699. Capital ; Amherst C. II. Public Wor/cJi: James River Canal. Amueust, t. and p. v., Hancock co.. Me. : 72 m. E. N. E. Augusta. P(ip, r2;\| Amueust, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 73 m. W. Boston ; is tlie scat L»f Amherst College, one of the best educatinnal establishments in tlie Union. Pop. 3,052. Amherst, t., p. v., and cap, Hillsburo' co,, X. Uamp. : on Souhegan r., a branch of the Merrimac, 24 in. S. S, "W. Con- cord. Pop, 1.613. Amueilst, I. and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: lOS m. N. N. E. Columbus, and on the Cleveland and Sandusky R, P.l.-)on. Amiieust, p. v. and cap, Amherst co., Virg.: ty4 m. W. Richmond, on BufTalo cr. of James r. Amicaix^la, p. v., Lumpkin co., Ga.: 92 m. N. W. Mil- ledgeville. Amissville, p. v., Rappahannock co., Vifg- ■' on S. sido of Hedgernan's r„ S6 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Amitie river. Miss, and La.: rises in Mississipjii, and flows S. and S. E. 100 m. to Lake Maurepas, uniting at Gal- veston with the Iberville. Amite county, Mi-^s. Situate 3. W. on State line, and con- taHis S60 aq. m. Drained by the branches of Amit6 r. Sur- face, except near the streams, uneven, antl the soil inferior. Cotton, Indian com, and rice are tho staple products. Farms 510; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 660, and pop.— wh. 8.641, fr. col. 3, si. 6,050— total, 9,694. Capital: Liberty. Amittsville, p. v., Monongalia co., Virg.: 194 m. N. W. Richmond. Amity, t. and p. v., Aroostook co., Me. : 132 m. N. E. Au- gusta. The monument at the sources of the St. Croix lies at the N. E. corner of the town. Pop. 256. Amitt, p. v., Clark co., Arl: : 7S m. S. W. Little Rock. Amity, p. v., Johnson co., Iiid. : 19 m. S. S. E. Indiuuap- olis. ^ Amity, p. v., Orange co., X. Y.: on a branch of WillkiU r., near S. St,'ite line, 9S ra. S. Albany. Amity, p. v., Washington co., Fenn.: 193 m. Vr. by S. Harrisburg. Amityville, p. v., Suffulk co., X. Y.: 161 m. S. E. Al- bany. Ammonia, p. v., Shelby oo., Teym.: 171 m. "W. S. W. Nashville. Ammonooscc (Upper) river, X. JTamp. : rises N. of White mla., and, passing N. E., approaches the Androscoggin r. ; and tUenoe turning S. "W., flows on to the Connecticut. Ita length is about 50 m., and the valley through which it flows from 7 to 3 m. wide and 20 m. long. The scenery of the neighboring country is beautif\il. Ammonoosuc (Lower) river, X. fftfmp.: rises "W. nf ilie Whito mts., and, afler a course of 50 miles, falls into tlie Connecticut, at Haverhill, by a mouth 100 yards wide. The valley of the river is about half a mile wide, and about G or 7 m. tVom the Notch of the Wliite mts. has a fall of some 50 feet, cut through a mass of slratifled granite, Amoskeao, p. v., Ilillsboro' eo., X. Ilamp.: 17 m. S. E. Concord, on Merrimac r., at the Falls, wht-re the descent is 54 feet in a mile and a half, and around whieli there is a canal. The vU. has considerable manufactures, and a newspaper, is issued weekly. Amsterdam, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., X. Y. : on the Mohawk r., 33 m. W. AlUany. Tho vU. is on the N. side 41 AMS AND of the r., and a station on tlie Utica and Schenectady E. II. The " IntelUgenccr," a newspaper published here, is la- Bucd weekly. Pop. of t- 4,1-3. r. k, w Amstekdam, p. v., Jefferson co., Oh,o: 121 m.E.by N. Columbus. , _^ . u - CO A.MSTZKP..M, p. v., Cass CO., M.: on the Wabash r., 63 iisTBi^^M, p. '•., Botetourt co., Vlr^. : 122 m. W. E.ch- ""^IcoexiA, p. 0., Washington co., D. C. : on the cr. of Uie Bamoname,4m.N.E.WashiEgton. AsAi>AEco, p. v., Eusk CO., r«. .• 262 m. N. E. Austm C,ty. Akauuac, p. v., Liberty co., r«-. : on the E. side of Gal- veston Bay. 210 m. E. by S. Austin Oly. ANAi.0Mi-NK,p.v., Cherokee co., r«t. (formerly Beasch- TowN) ; 184 m. N. E. Austin City. Ahamosa, p. V. and cap. Jones co., la.: 82 m. N. N. h. ^"I^aotIi-e, p. v., Butler co., Penn.: 162 m. W. Harris- ^"Sa.n-da3.b, p. v., Fairfax co., Vlrg.: 92 m. N. Eich- ^ Anaqcaescooe, p. v., -Washiiigton co., A'. K; SSm.N. by E. Albany. . j ■ Akastatia island, i^^or.: situate on the E. coast, and is 18 m. long, and H broad. At its N. end, in lat. 29- 50', and long. 4^ 29' W. from Washington, is a signal tower, well known to seamen. Anciext, p. o., Dane co., Wise. Anceam, t. and p. v., Columbia co., A'. T. : 49 m. S. E Albany, on Ancram and Punch creeks, on the former of which are extensive iron work*-iron ore, as also galena, being plentiful in tlie vicinity. Pop. 1,6T0. A^CEA« Le.u>-mi«:, p. v., Columbia co„ K T. : on Punch cr , where there are considerable quantities of g.alena. ANDALrsiA, p. V. and cap. Covington co., Ala. : 72 m. S. Montgomery. „ .^ Andalusia, p. v., Kock Island co., HI: 126 m. N. W. Springfield. Andamsia, Bucks co., Penn. : 92 m. E. Hamsburg. AsDEE60>- eounlv, Ky. Situate N. centrally, and contains 240 so m. Drained by Salt r. and its creeks, and Ken- tucky r, which washes its E. border. Surface vanous- chiefly undulating, and soils good, producing Indian com, wheat, etc., and some small quantity of tobacco and cotton. Farms 420; mannt. 37; dwell. &S:3, and pop.-wh. 4,948, fV col 30 si. l,2S2-total, 6,260. Capital: Lawrenceburg. 'AKDEESOTt distric^ S. Oar. Situate N. W., and contains 780 sq. m. ; lying between the Savannah and Saluda it .3 well drained by a number of the large tributaries of these rivers The surface is undulafmg, and the soils very pro- ductive. The chief products are Indian corn, wheat, and tobacco, and an abundance of live stock is owned in the district. Farms 1,9S6 ; mannf. 66 ; dwell 2,440, and pop _wh. 13,871, fr. col. 90, si. 7,614-total, 21,47o. eajnUU . Anderson. Public Works: Anderson Branch of Green- ville and Columbia E. E., etc. Akdeeson countv, Tenn. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains 750 sq. m. Drained by Clinch r. and its creeks, and the head streams of the 9. fork of Cumberland r. Surface nneven-^ometimes hilly and broken, but soils of an aver- age fertility, producing wheat, corn, oats, and tobacco. Earms 698; mamif. 9 ; dweU. 1,091, and pop.-wh. 6,391, fr col. 41, Bl. 5U6-total, 6,933. Capital : Clinton. I^-nEE;o. county, r«e. Situate N. E. «""'"y' ^«^«"' Trinity and Neches rivers, and contains about 800 sq. m_ Drained by Caddo, Bmshy, Walnut, llnrricane, StiU s and ?ont creeks of the Neches, and t:at-Bsh, Lake, Keaeheye and Parker's creeks of Trinity. Surface various, elevated to th middle, and sloping E. and W. Soils nel. and pro- duetive of sugar and cotton. Farms 200 ; dweU. 375, and ^ZZ -2,k O. col.-, A. 600-total. 2,5*4. Capital : Palestine. 43 Andeesok, p. v., Clark co., M. : ICS ra. W. Sprmglleld. AuDEESON, L, p. v., and cap. Madison Co., Ind. : on 8. side of White r., 36 m. N. E. Indianapolis, and on the In- dianapolis and BeUefontaine E. E., where it is intersected by the Eichmond and Newcastle Extension E. E. The " Anderson Gazette" is issued weekly. Akdeesos, p. v., Warren Co., A-". Jer.: 66 m.N. Trenton. Andeeson, p. v., Walker co., Oa.: 172 m. N. W. MU- ledgeville. ,,_. Andeeson, p. v. and cap. Anderson dist, S. Car.: 110 m. W. N. W. Columbus. A branch of GreenvUle and Co- lumbia E. E. terminates here, and it is probable that a rail- road will be bum westward through Eabun Gap, toward the Tennessee hncs. The " Anderson Gazette" is issued week- ly, and the " Farmer and Planter" monthly. ANDEESON, p. V. and cap. Grimes co., T.-=^.: on Hollands cr. of the Navasota r., 132 m. E. Austm City. Andeesosbdegb, p. v., Perry co., PEES0N'8 Stoee, p. 0., CasweU co.. A". Car. : 6b m. N. "^aI^e^ok's Sioee, p. 0., M'Xairy co., Tmn. : US m. W. S. W. Nashville. .„ _ t- v, A>i)EES0>-8 Stoee, p. 0., Morgan co., Oliio: B3 m. E. by S. Columbus. ^ , „ „f ANDEESONvn-LE, p. V., Franklin CO., Jnd.: on a cr. of White Water r., 49 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. ANI.E11S0XVIELE, p. v., Audersou dist., S.Car.:^'i^- cca er., at its juncUon with Savannah r., 120 m. W. by S. "^"'t. -d p. v., Delaware eo., K. T: on Papaeton branch of Delaware r., 71 m. S. S. W. Albany^ Ani.estii.le, p. v.. Perry Co., Pam.: 23 m. W. bj N. "Z%. v., PhUadelphia co.. Penn.: 93 m. W. Dar- "'SvEE p. v., Tolland CO., Cmn.: 18 m. E. Hartford tnov^E! p. v.: Henry Co., lU. : on N. side of Edward's '■•i:^;faI,!^;^co.,3..:onEinsr.,oftbe ton on the S. W. side of Merrimae r. It is noted as the S of aTheo. Seminary and other educational es^blish- ments; and has numerous manufaetmres. Fop. 6 .48. AunovEE t. and p. o., Merrimae CO., A. n,imp.. on Blac™wi:;:r'r.'23 m. N. W. Concord, or by the Northern E.E., which passes through it, 2Sm. Pop- 1,^20- IVnovEm p. v.. Sussex co., ^'. Jer. : 27 m. N Trenton^ ASDOVEE, t. and p. v., AUefihany co., A. T.^ 216 mvv. 8 W Sy, or 858 m. W. N. W. from New York by Erie ^rrvEE,ffn,?f;v., Windsor CO I..».:on.Ue^^^^^^^^^ waters of Williams' river, at the E. base of the Green Mountains. 69 m. S. Montpelier. Pop. i-o. iiounuiius, u., o;,„.,t, N W. on Missouri r., and AsUEEW county. Mo. Situate n. n. ou • contains 433 sq. m. Drained by Nodaway r. and the f„ 1 s TLittle Plater. Surface level mostly prairie.mdHie soils very productive. Farms ST3 ; maniif. o dw ell. 1,3 a and pop.-wh. 6,759, fr. col. 13, si. 662-total, 9,433. Cap. '"'L!::TT^. and cap. Jackson CO., la.: 5 m. K. of Mfcoqu^^isl and 53 m'^E. N. E. low-a City A newspa- per, the " Western Democrat," is issued weekly. Andeew Chapel, p. o., Madison CO., Tenn. : 121 m. ^N . "^^n^E^tr^ v., Morrow co., OMo: 51 m. N. Columbus. AND AsuBEWB, p. o., SpottaylTimia co., Tirg. : 40 m. N. Eich- mond. Androscoggin river, Me. : is formed by the junction of JJasalloway r., and the ouUet of Lalie Umljagog, in New llainp., in whicli Slate it has a S. course of about 40 m. After entering Maine, it takes a serpentine course, first, E., then S.. and Unally E., for about 100 m., when it runs over Pcjcpslieag Falls, and joins the Kennebec at Merry-meet- ing Bay, 6 m. above Bath, and IS m. from the sea : its whole course is about 160 m. The confluent streams from this bay is sometimes called the Sagadahock. AsGELici, t., p. v., and cap. Alleghany CO., JV: K ; on An- gelica or, of Genesee r., 221 m. W. by S. Albany. It con- tains the county buildings, a bank, the '• Alleghany County Bank," and several churches ; and a newspaper., the "An- gelica Reporter," is issued weekly. Top. 1,.''..D2. AsGEUNA county, Tea. Situate E. between Noches and Angelina rivers, and contains about ],S20 sq. m. Drained by Caney, King's, Buck, Shawnee, and other creeks of the Kcches, and by Durazno, PolTer, and others of Angelina r. Surface beautifully varied— the watershed running parallel and near to AngeUna r. Soils fertile, and produce cotton and sugar largely. Farms SS ; dwell. 1G6, and pop.— wh. 946, tr. col. 24, si. 19lj— total, 1,165. Capitul : Marion. ANGELINA river, Teje. : a considerable stream in E. Tex- as falling into Neehes r. 2 m. below Bevelport. Anglev's BBA>-cn, p. 0., Barnwell dist, 3. Car. : 69 m. S. by W. Columbia. Angola, t., p. v., and cap. Steuben co., I/id. : 142 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Angola, p. v.. Lake co.. III. : I'H m. N. N. E. Spring- field, and 6 m, below the "Wisconsin State line. Angola, p. v., Erie co., K T : 264 m. W. Albany. Angostuea, p. v., Pike co., /f«?. ; about 130 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Angola, p. v., Sussex co., Del. Angola, p. o., Onslow co., Jf, Car, : 92 m. S. E. Ka- leigh. Annapoub Crrr, port of entry and p. o. ; co. seat., Anne Arundel co., and cap. of the State of Maryland ; on W. side of Severn r., 3 m. from its entrance into Chesapeake Bay, and distant 3S m. E. N. E. of Washington, D. C. Lat. oiO 5S' 50" X., long. 76° 29' 26" W., from Greenwich, 0° 82' 40" E. from Washington. In 1S30 the population was 2,623, in 1*40 2,792, and in ISoO -3,011— wh. 1,774, fir. eol. 5S.5, and si. 652. The government removed from St. Mary's, the old capital, to Annapolis, then called Providence, 16^9. Annap- olis is regularly laid out, its stree. Moatgomcry. Aebitckle, p. v.. Mason co., Virg.: 163 m. W. by N. Richmond. Ar.cAi.iA, p. v., Bienville par., Za. .- 177 m. K. W. Baton Eouge. Arcadia, t. and p. v., Warao CO., A" Y. : on Meed cr., 191 m. W. Albany. The v. lies on the Erie Canal. Arcadia, p. v., Morgan CO., III. : on N. county line, 86 in. W. Springfield. Aecadi-a, p. v., Washington CO., F. I.: 23 m. S. S. W. Providence. Arcadia, p. v., Madison co., Mo. : on a cr. of St. Fran- cois r., 106 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Arcadia, p. v., Sullivan CO., Kn«. : 121 m. E. Nashville. ArcoeRj t. and p. o., Harrison Co., Ohio: 93 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Fop. ST6, ARcniBALD, p. o., Luzemo co., Ferni. : 92 m. N. E. Har- risburg. Abcola, p. v., Loudon co., rirg.: in S. E. extremity o« CO.. 92 m. N. Eichmond. Arcola, p. v., Warren Co., A' Car. : 49 m. N. N. E. Ea- leigh. Arcola, p. v., Lake co., Ohio : 151 m. K. N. E. Columbus. The iron works of the vUlage are extensive, and it is other- wise flourishing. Arena, t. and p. v., Iowa CO., Wi-K. : on the S. side Wb- consin r., 31 m. W. by N. Madison. Pop. 402. Arenac county, Mich, Situate E. on Saginaw Bay, and contains 504 sq. m. Drained by Kifle, Pine, and other streams. .V new co. since 1S50. Arendtsville, p. v., Adams CO., Fenn.: 42 m. S. S. W. Harrisburg. ABE Allt Arenzville, p. v., Cass co., III. : on a cr. of Illinois r., 4& m. W. SpringfioI., vlr/-, ; on the N. siile of Arkansas r., 52 m. from its c<»nfluem-e wiili Mississippi r. It is the oldest town in the State, having been founded by the French in 16S5, Arkansas river: one of the principal Iributaric- of the Mississippi r. It rises in the Kocky nits., near the sources of the Del Norte, about lat. 40° N., and falls intrj liie Mississippi, 400 m. above Ked r., in lat. 3S^ 40'. Us whole Ipngtii is 2.170 m., of which 1,9S0 are navigable. It bur- passea all the rirers of the middle region of the U. S. in the gracefulness and regularity of its windings, and the beauty and lu.xuriance of the cotton-wood groves that ad^rn ils ban-ks. In spring floods, steambouta can jiscend it ne.ir- ly to its source : the channel is broad, and the navigation is safe, unobstructed by rocks, shoals, or rapids. Tlie shores, as far W. as Little Koek. are unhealthy, large tracts on buih sides being covered willi lakes and stagnant pools. The country is a deaf ihc too saline quality of the water, tlie vast proportion of red mold wliieh is carried away by the current, i)roduces a similar di^^quali- fying effect as to its uses for general purposes, Arkansas Kiver has been called the "Paradise of Savages," from the number of wild animals that are continually wandering along its banks. Aek;a.vsas (LitHe) river: a tributary of Arkau^as r. It rises in the deep sand alluvial district, and crosst-s tlie trailers' route fmm Missouri to Santa r6, and falls into tlie Arkan- sas Proper. 1,700 m. from its junction with the Mis-sissippi r., in lat. 320 30' N., and long. \)iP W. THE STATE OF ARKANSAS. Akkaksas is bounded on the north by Missouri, on tho east by Tennessee ami Mississippi, on the south by Lonisiana, and on the west by the Indian Territory and Texas ; and extends generally between the latitude? 33° and ZCP 30' nortli, and tiio longitudes S9^ 30' and 94^ 30' west lYom Greenwich, or 12° 2s' and 17-^ 2S' west from "Washington. Its lengih ft-om nortli to south is 242 miles, and its breadlh from east to west varies (Vom 170 miles on the soutii lijje to 25S miles on tlie 36lh parallel, where it is widest. The area of the State is 52,19S square miles. The surface of Arkansas presents great variations in its eondguratioii. Along tlio Mississippi Piver, wliich demarks W-^ boundary on the east, and for 30 to 50 miles inland, the country is low and Yvidely interspersed with lakes iHid sivamps, end with inconsiderable exception-s, is annually overflowed by the floods of tho Mississippi, Arkansas, and St. I'Vancis. In regard to the country west of the Mississippi, says Col. Long, it is proper to observe, that the bro.id valley of the Lower Mississippi, which is terminated to Uie north by the hilly country, connected with a continuous roHvy bar, or reef, traversing the beds both of the Mississippi and the Ohio, about 12 miles above their junction, and denominated the Grand Chain of those rivers respectively, and which stretches southward, intcrruptod by a single hill, or ridge, elevated niortr tJian a few feet above the reach of the highest floods; that this entire valley region, once probably an arm or esluary of the ocean, and inhabited by the monster* of the deep, but long sine* reclaimed by the immeiwe alluvion precii'itated over the Grand Chain, in cataracts ineomparably more grand and stupendous than that of Niagara, and Ijorrio thilliex on the backs of countless floods, is one- continued and almost boundless flat, broken only by a mnltiidicity of water- courses, lagoons, and bayous, some of them tributary to" tho Mississippi, anada can be hereafter constmeted to any tolerable advant-age, except in a very few instances. Tho country through which the St. Francis River passes is one continuous swamp. The surface presents, in ordi- nary times, an alternating appearance of lakes, bayous, cypress landa, and marshy ground : the lakes fVec from any growth of limber, except of cypress, growing in the water close to the hanks, and the bayous, also free from limber, but frequently lying in broad and deep valleys, wooded not less thickly than the high groimd. and containing ci^mparalively little undergrowth. The valleys are in many cases inundated to the depth of 15 or 20 feet, or even more. The ponite are mostly filled with very large cypress trees, growing in the water, where its depth docs not exceed 3 or 4 feet, except m time of overflow. The marshy ground is filled with trees of immense size, principally gum and sycamore, in the lower places, and white oak and hickory in those that are a little higher and dryer, having ocea.sionaIIy brakes of cane very thickly set, and frequently rising to the height of 20 a-nd .30 feet, and of proportionate diameter. Farther west the surface rises, and toward the centre of the State becomes moderately hilly, and farther west still il 45 ARKANSAS. rises into the Ozark Mountains. There are nuraerous and extensive prairies interspersed throughout, but much of the land is well wooded, and in many places it is covered with a heavy forest. Of the highlands that have been called the Ozark or Masserne Mountains, our knowledge is very imperfect They consist of several low ridges, irregular in their direction, and seldom rising to an elevation of more than 1,500 or '2.000 feet. They appear to be composed chiefly of secondary rocks, limestones, clay slates, and sandstones, traversed in many places by dykes of greenstone, granite, and sienite. Those portions of this region which have been examined are found to be rich in metallic minerals, of which iron and lead, copper and zinc exist in great profusion. Coal an to 1510 Fahr. There are said to be more than seventy of these springs, several rising from the bed of a small stream which flows through tho valley, and others issuing from the bounding ridges, at various heights. The Washita oilstones, or novaculites, so much esteemed, are found in this region. The climate of Arkansas is temperate, but subject to sudden and frequent variations ; and tho whole country is ex- posed to the effect of tho coJd north winds which render the central portions of the United States so cheerless in the winter season. The same winds traverse southward to the equator, and are known in the Gidf of Mexico as the " nnrth- ers," the terror of seamen navigating that sea. Yet in the spring, summer, and fall the seasons are highly propitious to agriculture, and here cotton, Indian corn, and, in fact, all the great staples of the country find the cliraato highly con- genial. The soils vary from the most sterile to the most fertile, and on the margins of all the rivers the productiveness is unbounded. On most of these the soil is a rich alluvion deposited from the washings of the floods, deep and wide, covering millions of acres. Back from the rivers the soil becomes more and more sterile, and in many parts it is unfit for culture, either from scarcity of water or from metallic impregnation. The principal growths are pines, cj^iresses, syca- mores, and oaks, according to the formation, and on the prairies, which are extensive, is that rank grass for which this description of land is so famous. On the whole, Arkansas has many advantages for agriculture, and it has many dis- advantages. Where the latter, however, exist they are fully compensated for by tho abundance of its minerals. It is also well stocked with wild animals, as the buffalo, deer, elk, beaver, otter, rabbit, raccoon, wild cat, catamount, wolf, bear, etc., which are valuable for their skins, and there is also a plentiful supply of wild turkeys, geese, quails, and other species of birds. The State is traversed or washed by several of the largest rivers in America. The Mississippi bathes its eastern front for more than 850 miles by its windings, but affords no sites suitable for largo towns in the present condition of the country. Tho Arkansas, one of the largest tributaries of the Mississippi, traverses the whole breadth of the State through its centre by a very tortuous course of about 1,530 miles, and is navigable during tlie greater part of the year far above its western limits. The Red Kiver flows through the south-western comer, which is thus ren' its waters are dispersed in such a manner as to render the navigation intricate and difBcuK, The "Spread,'' as it is called by the inhabitants, extends for the space of about 50 miles, with a width in some parts of 20 miles, and is attributed to the earthquake of ISll, at which time a large tract of country sunk considerably below its former level, and the waters of the rivers were dissipated in numerous lakes and branehes. The White River has its sources in the south- western part of the State, and passes into Missouri, whence it soon returns, reaching the Mississippi in a general south-easterly course. Its length is not less than 600 miles; and although at present it is choked up in many places by accumulations of drift-wood, steamboats ascend it as far as Balervillc, 260 miles, and on the removal of these obstructions will be able to ascend it 200 miles farther. The White River receives several large tributaries from Missouri, of which the Big Black, a navigable stream, is the principal; the Cache and Little Red River have theU- courses wholly within this State. The Arkansas receives no considerable tributary. The Washita, a noble river running through a fertile and beautiful region, drains neariy the whole southern part of the State: rising near the western border, it flows nearly parallel with the White Kiver and the Arkansas, first east, and then south-east, and is navigable upward of 350 miles from its mouth. The Little Missouri, the Saline, the Bayou Bartholomew, tho Bayou Bceuff, and the Bayou Ma^on, are its principal tributaries. Arkansas formed a part of French Louisiana, and subsequently and until 1S19, a portion of Missouri Territory. At the latter date it was erected into a separate territory, uader its present name. In 1S36 it was admitted into the Union as an independent State. The progress of its population was comparatively slow from 1S20 to 1S40; but since — as shown by the last census — the progress compares well with tho most progressive of the States. In ISOO it contained only 1,052 inhabitants, chiefly settled near the mouth of the Arkansas River, and consisting of Frenchmen, whose progenitors settled Arkansas Post, the oldest white settlement of the country. In 1S20 the population was 1-1,273 ; in 1S30, 30.335 ; in ISIO, 97,574, and in 1S50, 209,639, of which 1G2,06S were white persons, 5S9 free colored persons, and 4G,9S2 slaves. Deaf and dumb, S9 ; blind, 81 ; insane, 63 ; and idiotic, 102. The State was, at the latter date, divided into 51 counties, as follows : Arkansas, Ashley, Benton, Bradley, CarroU, Chicot, CInfk, Conway, Crawford, Crittenden, Dallas, Desha, Drew, Franklin, Fulton, Greene, Hempstead, Hot Springs, Independence, Izard, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Lafayette, Law- rence, Madison, Marion. Mississippi, Monroe, Montgomery, Newton, Perry, Philips, Pike, Poinsett, Polk, Pope, Prairie, Pulaskj, Randolph, St. Francis, Saline, Scott, Searey, Sevier, Union, Van Buren, Washington, Washita, White, and Yell. Arkansas is almost wholly occupied in agricultural pursuits: its manufactures are merely in their inception, whether as to diversity or number of estalilishments ; nor has it the advantage of a seaward commerce. The statistics afforded by the census oflS50, and other official reports, exhibit the condition of the State to be as follows: Occupied lands, rfe.— Improved lands, 731,531 acres, and unimproved lands. 1,S1G,GS4 acres, valued at $15,265,245. Number of farms, 17,753. Value of farming implements and mae-hinery, $1,601,296. Zwe Sfwl-.—UoTsc-Sy 60.197 ; asses and mules, 41,559 ; milch cows, 93,151 ; worlung oxen, 84,239 ; other cattle, 105,820 ; sheep. 91,2oG; swine, a36,727— valued at $6,647,969. P/-o(?«cfe.— Wheat, 199,639 bushels ; r>'e, S,047 ; Indian com, 8,893,939 ; oats, 656,1?8 ; baricy, 177 : buckwheat, 175 ; peas and beans, 2S5.738 ; Irish potatoes, 193,832 ; sweet potatoes, 788,149 bushels ; rice, 63,179 pounds ; tobacco, 218.936 pounds ; ginned cotton, 65,346 bales of 400 pounds; hay, 3,977 tons ; clover seed, 90 bushels, and other grass seed, 43G ; hops, 157 pounds; watcr-rottcd hemp, 15 tons ; flax, 12,291 pounds; flaxseed, 321 bushels; maple sugar, 9,330 pounds; molasses, 46 ARKANSAS ISfjaUoos; wine, 35 e:allon3; value of products of orchards, $40,111, and of market-garden product^ *17,l."o ; i)'.>,vv;i\ and honey. 192,3-33 pounds; silk coccoons, 33 pounds; wool,lS2.595 pounds; butter, 1,554,239, and clu'eae, 30,n:>s p!islimonts, producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, was 271 ; and of these three were cotton factnrie3,_employinj; a capital of $16,500, and using 170 bales of cotton annually, valued at $S,975 ; hands employed, 13 males au'd IS ffumk-s ; entire monthly cost of male labor, $190, and of female labor, $106; annual product, 81,200 pounds yarn, vahu-d at $16,637. The remaining and most numerous of the industrial pursuits of Arkansas, are those incident to all agricultural States, or such as are immediately needed, as carriage-makers, blacksmiths, tanners, etc. The distribution of manufac- tures in this State is very unequal ; of the counties, 15 have no manufacturing establishments, 17 have less than live, 7 have five and less than ten, 7 have ten and less than fifteen, 2 have fifteen and less than twenty, and 3 have twenty and upward. Commerce, Internal Communication, etc.— ^.r\ii:xT\^{xs has no direct intercourse with foreign countries. lis export staples are carried to New Orleans for shipment, and most of its supplies are drawn from the same quarter. On all the great rivers steamboats ply regularlj', and in sufficient numbers for the present wants of the population. Few of the roads are good, being chiefly earth tracks, almost impassable in wet weather. No railroads exist throughout the Slate, but there are several projected, and the spirit of enterprise appears to bo alive on tho subject. The initial point of iho system projected is Helena, on the Mississippi, whence a direct line will be built to Little Rock, the capital, with an ex- tension from that point to the Eed River to meet the Texas roads pointing east, and another extension by way of Van Buren and Fort Smith, to be ultimately carried into the Indian territory, this latter being a part and parcel of tho Grixit Southern Pacific Railroad. From these trunk lines branches will bo built tapping the principal valk-ys, and giving to each section of the State facilities of direct railroad communication with the Mississippi rivers, and Nuw Orleans tlic nat- ural outlet of Arkansas products; a raib-oad is also projected from the main trunk west of White River northward through the fine agricultural and mineral region of Northern Arkansas and Southern Missouri. BanTcs. — *'No bank or banking institution shall be hereafter ilSAI) incorporated or established in this State." None are now in operation, and the old "State Bank" has for some time been in liquidation. Governmt'nt.-^ln accordance with the State Constitution, adopted 4ih January, 1330, every free white male citizen of the United States, 21 years old, and a citizen of Arkansas for sLx months next before tho election, may vote in the district or county in which he resides. The Legislature consists of a Senate of 25 members, and a House of Representa- tives of 75 members. Senators must be at least 30 years of age, inhabitants of the State for one year before the election, and of the district at the time, and are chosen for four years. Representatives must be at least 25 years of age, resident in their counties, and are chosen for two years. The governor is elected by a plurality of votes; he must l>e 30 years of age, a native bom citizen of the United States, and have resided in the State four years, and is chosen lor four years (but is not eligible more than eight in any twelve years). His veto to any bill passed is negatived by a subsequent nwy- jority vote of each house. In case of his disability or death, first the President of the Senate, and after him the Speaker of tho Representatives, becomes governor to the end of the term. The Secretary of State, auditor, and treasurer, are elected by joint vote of the two houses. The Legislaturowects at the Capital biennially. Arkansas, under the law regulating the distribution of Representatives to Congress, has a delegation of two] menibers. The judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, which has a chief and two associate justices, an attorney, clerk, and reporter ; eLx circuit courts, each with a judge and attorney, and county courts, etc. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction only, except in particular cases pointed out by the Constitution. It holds two terms annually, in April and Oetnb.T, at the seat of government. The justices are elected by the General Assembly, by joint ballot, for eight years. Ciritiit courts have original jurisdiction over all criminal cases not expressly provided for otherwise by law, and exclusive original jurisdiction of all crimes amounting to felony at common law; and original jurisdiction of all civil cases which are not cognizable before justices of the peace ; and in all matters of contract where the sum in controversy is over $100. Two terms are held annually in each circuit. Tho judges and prosecuting attorneys are elected by the people, the former for four years, and the latter for two years. The justices of the peace in each county form a county court, and have exclusive jurisdiction in civil cases below $100. The justices are elected in tois-ns for two years. Fin(inces.—i:he whole revenue for the biennial period 1S49-50, amounted to $329,615 54. and the whole amount re- ceived into the treasury from all sources, was $495,194 84. The total paid out amounted to $433,975 OS, leaving a balance of various accounts of $61,219 76. The State debt consists of bonds issued to the State Bank, and which are unre- deemed ; these consist of 6 per cents., amounting to $936,000, due 1S63, and accumulated interest thereon, $519,480 ; »nd 5 per cents., $39,000, due 1SS7, and interest, $17,062 50— or a total of debt and interest, $1,506,562 50. on which the annual accruing interest is $90,131 80. The total value of taxable property in the State in 1S50, was $84,995,835, on which in that year a tax of $93,540 was levied. Jieliffious Denomi7iations.—'VhQ principal denominations in this State, according to statistics published by their own bodies in 1S50, exhibited the follomng stjitemenls of their relative strength: Baptists, 6 associations, 7S churches, 49 ministers, and" 2,509 members ; Methodists. GO tr.iveling, 4 superannuated, and 153 local preachers, and 12,151 meuibfrs ; Roman Catholic, 7 churches, and 12 other stations, 6 ministers, and about 3,000 members ; Protestant Episcopal, 2 clergy. The Roman Catholics are under the Bishop of Little Rock, and the Protestant Episcopalians under the missionary Bishop of Arkansas. The Presbyterians are numerous, but in consequence of the statistics of this denomination being included in synods, not co-extensive with the State, it is impossible to assess the apportionment duo to Arkansas separately. ScfiooLs and Plication. — Although Arkansas has had advantages to foster education equal to any others of the new Stales, her improvident legislators have not improved them. There are but few common schools in tho State. In each township the 16th section is given by Congress for tho support of schools, and the revenue arising from lenses of salt eprings, and from estrays sold, forms part of the school fund. There are academies and high schools in Little Rock, FayetteviUe, Washington, Camden, and some other places. There is no State College, although Congress granted to the State seventy-two sections of land (2,592 acres) for the purpose of founding an institution of learning: this, by a law of the Legislature of 1349, and in utter defiance of the intentions of Congress, was distributed among the counties. The only effort to establish a college h.as been made by the Roman Catholics, In ISoO the Legislature granted them a charier 47 ARK ASH for Itie Colles;o of SL Andrews, near Fort Smith, in Crawford county. The college h:i5 a president and fivi- professors, and its course of studies embraces all the branches tiiu^bt in the best institutions. The Kcclesiusticitl Seminary is lucated on the college grounds, and is considered one of the finest ediflccs in the Union. St. Mary's Academy, fur young ladies, at Little Rook, is also a Catholic institution. PeriodUal Press. — lu all the State there are but 14 periodicals — 13 are issued weekly, and one at a period of two weeks. The aggregate circulation of the weekly papers is only 7,250 copies, or 3TT,000 copies annually. Of the whole number of papers, three are Whig in politics, and five Democratic, the remaining six being devoted to literature, religion, and various other subjects. Many single counties in New York and Ohio contribute more to literature than the whole of this State. " Arkansas, with all that nature lias done for her, is far behind hex neighbors in iraprovementa, population, and general prosperitj". It is a source of hurailiation to make these ncknowledgmenls; but the truth should be told, tliougii the )teai^ei>s faU.-^ Such was the language of the Committee on Arkansas Raib-oads, at the New Orleans Convention, in 1851, and such must be the response of every intelligent resident of the Slate. "With her increase of population, and reviving prosperity, however, it is to be hoped that so magnificent a State, one so richly emiowed and so blessed with a propitious climate and soil, will take heed and redeem itself from the just opprobrium of the enlightened among them selves, and of the world that is observant of their progress. Little Rock is the State capital. Arkport, p. v., Steuben co., A^. T. : on Canisteo r., 21S m. W, by S. Albany. Adkville, p. v., Delaware co., 2>f, K ; 57 m. S. W. Al- bany. Arkweight, t. and p. v., Chautanque co., K. Y. : 396 m. "W. by S. Albany. Pop. 1,2=3. Arlington, p. o., Hancock co., Ohio: S3 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. Arlington, t. and p. t., 35ennington co., Vei'm.: on Green r. and Batlenkill, S9 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Fine marble abounds in the t. Top. 1,084. Arlington, p. v., Bureau co., lU. : 110 m. N. Springfield. Armada, p. v., Macomb co., Mich. : on the N. branches of Clinton r., S4 m. W. Lansing. Armagh, p. v., Indiana co., Penn. : in S, E. comer of co., 12S m. "SV. Ilarrisburg. Armenia, p. v., Scriven co., Ga.: 110 m. E. S. E. Mil- ledgeville. Armiesbubg, p. T., Parke co., Tnd. : on E. side of Ver- million r., 66 m. "W. Indianapolis. Armington, p. v., Tazewell co., III. : in the S. E. comer of CO., 42 m. N. by E. Springfield. Armstrong county, Penn. Situate "W. middle, and eon- tains 575 sq. m. Drained by several tributaries of Alle- ghany r., which runs through it. Surface somewhat hilly, but agreeably diversified. Soils of average fertility, pro- ducing principally wheat and oats. Farms 1,(!12; mannf. 93 ; dwell. 5,052, and pop.— wh. 29,431, fr. col. 129— total, 29,560. Capital: Kittaning. Armstrong, p. v., Wabash co., III. : on a cr. of Wabash r., 142 m. S. E. Springfield. Armstrong Academy, p. o., Choctaw Nation, Ind. T^r. Armstrong Mills, p. o., Bchnont co., Ohio: lOS m. E. Columbus. Armtjchee, p. v., Floyd co., Ga. : on the "W. side of Ar- mnchee cr. of Oostanaula r., a tributary of Coosa r., 144 m. N. W. Millcdgeville. Arneytown, p. v., Burlington co.. If. J&\ : 15 m. S. E. Trenton. Arniteim, p. v.. Brown co., Ofiic: 62 m. S. S. W. Colum- bus. Pop. 61. Arnoldsbueg, v., Gilmer co., Yirg.: 216 m. W. by N. Kichmond. Aksolbton, p. v., Ulster co., N. Z .• 5B m. S. Albany. Arnoldton, p. v., Campbell co., Virg, : 102 m. "W. S. W. Eichmond. Arnon, p. v., Wills CO., III. : 5 m. from Indiana State line, and 146 N. E. Springtleld. Aroostook: county, Me. Situate N. and N. E., and con- tains about 6,800 sq. m. Drained by the Woolastook, Alla- gash, Aroostook of the St. John, and Alattawamkeag of the Penobscot Numerous lakes and isolated hills are spread over tlte county. This is the largest county of the State, but is peopled only in ita S. E. portion. Wheat, oats, and potatoes are the chief products. Farms 1,22S ; manuf. 59 ; 4S dwell. 2.03S, and pop.— wh. 12,529, fr. col. 6— total, 12,595. Capital: Iloulton. Aroostook, p. v., Aroostook co.. Me. ARoosr^ooK river, Me. : rises in the N. part of the State, its head waters being separated from those of Penobscot r. by a stretch of highlands. Its course is circuitous, general- ly easterly, until it falls iuto SL John's r. on the New Bmns- wick line, in lat. 40^* 05' N. The lands on this river are fertile, and produce the finest qualities of grain and grasses. Its length is upward of 100 m. Arbington, p. v., Williamson, co., Tenn. : 18 m. S. Nash- ville. Arrowood, p. v., Spartanbm-g dist., S. Car. : 72 m. N. N. W. Columbia. Arrow Rock. p. o., Saline co.. Mo. : on S. bank of Mis- souri r., 54 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Arrowsmtths, p. o., Defiance co., Ohio: 104 m. N. W. Columbus. Arsenal, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn. : 19 m. W. Ilarris- burg. Arthitrsburg, p. v., Duchess co., A^. T. : 76 m. S. by E. Albany. Ahtuurton, p. v., M'llenry co., III.: 173 m. N. E. Springfield. AitTic, p. v., De Kalb co., Ind.: 122 m. N. E. Indian- apolis. Asburt, p. T., La Salle co., lU. : in tlie N. E. part of the CO., a mile W. of Rock r. and 134 m. N. N. E. Spring- field. AsBiTRT, p. v., Fayette co., Ala,: on the E. aide of Loox- apatiUa cr., 126 m. N. W. Montgomery, AsBiTRY, p. v., Warren co., IT. Jer. : 41 m. N. Trenton. AsBURY, p. v., Perry co., Ohio: 47 ra. E. H. E. Columbus. AsBirRY, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenn.: 52 m. W. N W. Nashville. AsBURY, p. v., Troup co., Ga.: 102 m. W. Millcdgeville. Ascension parish, La. Situate S. W. of E. Dist., on both sides of Mississippi r., and contains :iSO sq. m. Dr.iined W. by tributaries of Grand r., and E. by those of Amitife, etc. Surface low and level, subject to inundation, from which it is partially protected by levees or embankments. Oranges, figs, peaches, etc., grow in profusion : cotton and sugar are the staple products. Farms 157 ; dwell. 755, and pop.— wh. 3,339, fr. col, 147, si. 7,266— total, 10,752. Capi- tal : Donaldsonville. Ascutney mountain. Verm, : situate in the towns of Wimisor and Welhersfield. It is chiefly composed of gran- ite, and is almost destitute of vegetation. Its elevation abovo the Connecticut r. is 3,116, and above the ocean, 3,320 feet. Its ascent is steep and rugged. AsiiAPOO Ferry, p. o., Colleton dist, S. Car. : lOS m. S. E. Columbia. AsnuoRorcn, p. v., and cap. Randolph co., A1 Car. : 69 m. W. Raleigh. AsuBL'RNHAM, t. and p. o., Worcester co., Mass. : a hillj ASH AST district, drained Iiy tril)ut:iries of the Connecticut and Mer- riniac, -IS in. W. N. W. Boston. Top. 1,S75. Aphbuknmam Dki'6t, p. o., Worcester co., Mass. : on the Vermont and M.isaachusotts E. R., 11 m. N. "W. Fitchburg. AsiiBT, p. v., Coles CO., III. : 74 E. Springfield. AsFiBT, I. and p. o., Middlesex co., Mttss. : 44 m. N. "W. Bost-tke, p. o., 'Wyoming CO., N. Y, : 253 m. W. Albany. Attica, p. v., Lenawee co., 3Tir7i, : 73 m. S. E. Lansing:. Attleborocjgh. t. and p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : on Paw- tucket r., 33 m. S. "W. liostnn. Tbe Boston and Providence K. li. passes tbrough tbe tiS. Auburn, p. r., Schuylkill co., Pemi.: on Philadelphia and Reading R. R., S3 m. N. "W. Pbiladelpliia. Auburn, t, and p. t., Geauga co., Ohio: on Chagrinc r., 130 ra. N. E. Columbus. AuBURU, p. v., Fauquier co., Yirg.: SQ m. N. N. "W. Eiehmond. Auburn, p. v., Cannon co., Tenn. : 47 m. W. S. W. Nash- ville. Auburn Four Corners, p. o., Susquehanna co., Pewji. : in S. E. part of co., lOS m. N. E. Harrisburg. AuciLLA, p. T., Jefferson co., Jf'lor. : on the r. of the Barae name. 26 m. S. "W. Tallahassee. Audrain counly, Mo. Situate E. middle, and contains 1,220 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Salt r. Surface level or undulating, and soils excellent, producing tbe cereals abundantly and some tobacco. Farms 417; manuf. 10; dwell. 498, and pop.— wh. 8,04S, ir. co!. I, si. 407— total 8,506. Capital : Mexico. Audubon county, Li. Situate S. \V., and contains 576 sq. m., taken from the Pottowottamie in 1851. Audubon, p. t., Montgomery co., III. : 42 m. S. E. Spring- field. Audubon, p. v., Hardeman co., Tenn.: on a cr. of Big Hatchee r., 134 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Augerona, p. v., Jackson co., Vivg. : 3IS m. "W. N. "W. Richmond. Auglaize county, Ohio. Situate N. "W., and contains 396 sq. m. Drained by Auglaize r. and it* trilmUirios. Surface undulating, and soil moderately fertile. Farms 1,393; manuf. 30; dwell. 2,020, and pop.— wh. 11,251, fr. col. S7— total 1],33S. Capital: "Wapaukonnctta. rtcblic Works: Miami Caual, etc. Auglaize, p. v., Van "Wert co., Ohio: on Little Auglaize r., 9S m. "VV. N. W. Columbus. Augusta county, Yirg. Situate centrally between Blue Ridge and Great North Mountain, and contains 860 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Shenandoah and James rivers. Surface picturesquely varied, and soils fertile. There are several medicinal springs in the county. "Wheat, Indian corn, and oats are the chiof products, and cattle raising is much engaged in. Farms 1,2G4; manuf. ISl ; dweU. 3,207, and pop.— wh. 19,024, fr. er.I. 533, si. 5,05a— total 24,610. Capital: Staunton. Public ]Vor/:.s: Virginia Central R. R., etc Augusta, p. v., Benton co., Plor. : 160 m. S. E. Talla- hassee. Augusta, p. city, and cap. Richmond co., Ga. : on Sa- vannah r.,and at the intersection of the South Carolina, the Georgia, and the Burke County railroads. It is an im- portant commercial point, and the depot of an extensive and fertile country, the produce of whieh, cotton, tobacco, etc., is sent down to Charleston, 137 m., by R. R., and to Savannah by tbo Savannah r. The city is well laid out, and has many spacious stores and dwellings. The public build- ings are a City Hall, County Court House and Jail, a thea- tre, arsenal, hospital, and numerous churches. The ''Sen- tinel" and " Constitutionalist" are published daily, and have also tri-weekly and weekly editions ; the " Repubhc" is is- sued tri-weekly and weekly, ami there are two monthir publications issued — tbe " Southern Medical Journal" and the " Soutliern Cultivator." Augusta, p. v., Jacltson co., Ark. : 44 m, E. N. E. Little Rock. Augusta, p. v., Hancock co., III. : in S. E. comer of co., 7S m. W. by N. SpringQeid. Augusta, p. v., Marion co., Ind. : in N. "W. comer of co., 12 m. N. "W. Indianapolis. Augusta, p. v., Des Moines c/)., la. : on the Chicagua or Skunk r., 61 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. Augusta, p. v., Bracken co., Ay. ; on the S. bank of the Ohio r., 66 m. N. E. Frankfort, It is the seat of Augusta College, a Methodist establishment, founded in 1525. Augusta, t., p. city, and cap. Kennebec co.. Me., and cap- ital of the State of Maine: on both sides of Kennebec r., at the head of steamboat navigation, 43 ra. from the ocean. Lat. 440 1&' 4:i" N., and long. 69=^ 50' W. from G., or 7^ 12' E. from W., and distant .'>95 m. N. E. Washington. A fine bridge, 520 fed long, connects the two parts of the v., whicli is regularly laid out, and rises gradually from the shores of the river. It contains the State House, Insane Hospital, the CO. buildings, a U. S. Arsenal, and numerous ohurches and school-houses, many of whieh are elegant structures. The State House is located half a mile 6. of the v. The build- ing is of white granite, and has spacious halb for the legis- lature and executive officers. Four newspapers are pub- lished weekJy, the "Kennebec Journal" (whig), the "Age" (dem.), the " Maine Farmer" (agric), and the " Gospel Banner." The Kennebec and Portland R. R. terminates here, connecting the v. with Portland and other New England cities, and steamboats ply regularly between this place and the principal north Atlantic porta. Pop. 8,225 51 AUG Augusta, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Mm. : on Leaf cr., a branch of Pascagoula r., 100 m. S. E. Jackson. Augusta, p. v., SI. Charles co., Mo. : SO m. E. by N. Jef- ferson City. Augusta, p. v., Sussex co., A'. Jer. : 62 m. N. Trenlon. Augusta, p. v., Oneida co., J/. 1'. : on Shanandoah cr., 90 m. W. by N. Albany. AcousTA, t and p. v., Carroll CO., Ohio : on a tribulary of Sandy cr., 114 m. E. by N. Columbus. Pop. 1,297. Augusta, t. and p. o., Northumberland co., Penn. : on E. bank of Susquehanna r., 3S m. N. Harrisburg. AuMA.\'8 Hui, p. 0., Montgomery CO., K Ccir. : 78 m. 3. W. P.aleigh. AuEARiA, p. T., Lumpkin co., Ga. : on a branch of Chat- tahoochee r., lOS m. N. W. MiUodgeTUle. Gold is found in ■ the vicinity, and hence its name. AuKELiA, p. v., 'Washington CO., Ohio : in N. 'W. part of CO., on Duck cr, 86 m. E. by S. Columbus. AuEELius, L and p. v., Cayuga Co., A'. T. : between the outlela of Caj-uga and Owasco lakes, US m. W. Albany. AuEiESTiui:, p. v., Montgomery co., Jf. Y. : on the S. bank of the Mohawk, and on the Eric Canal, 42 m. W. N. W. Albany. AuEOEA, p. v., Marshall co., Ala. : on a cr. of Locust fork of Black Warrior r., 121 m. N. Montgomery. AuEORA, p. v., Kane CO., HI. : on E. side of Fox r., 123 m. K E. Springfield. The "Aurora Branch" of Galena and Chicago Union R. E. terminates here, and an extension continues the road to the Illinois r. at La Salle. AuEOEA, p. v., Dearborn co., Ind. : on Ohio r., 108 m. S. E. Indianapolis. It is a place of considerable business and commercial activity. A newspaper, tho " Western Com- mercial," is issued weekly. AuEOEA, p. v., MarshaU CO., Ei/. : 216 m. W. by N. Frankfort AuEOEA, t and p. v., Ilancock Co.. Me. .• 90 m. E. Augusta. AuEOEA, p. v., Cayuga Co., JK r. ; on tho E. bank of Cayuga Lake, and a steamboat station on the Cayuga and Susquehanna route. Pop. 600. AuitoBA, t. and p. v.. Portage co., Ohio : in N. W. cor- ner of CO., 126 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 82.3. Au Sable river, 21 Y. : rises near the sources of Hudson r., and empties into Lake Champlain, in the S. part of Clin- ton CO. It has two main branches, which unite at Au Sable Forks vill.ag6. Its falls afford extraordinary water-power. Immediately below the lower falls at Birmingham the river passes through a chasm for tho distance of 2 m., the walls of which are perpendicular rocks from T5 to 150 feet high and from 50 to 65 apart at tho top. An Sable, p. v., Kendall co., HI: on Au. Sable r. a branch of the lUinois r., 130 m. N. E. Springfield. Au Sable, v., Essex CO., N. Y. : 105 m. N. Albany. The " Au Sable Gazette" is publishod weekly. Ac Sable Foekb, p. o., Essex eo., M T. : at the junction of the forks of Au Sable r., 126 m. N. Albany. Austeelitz, p.T., Kent co., Mich. ; 57 m. W. by N. Lansing. Austeelitz, t. and p. v., Columbia co., If. Y. : on Green r., a branch of the Housatonic, 31 m. S. S. E. Albany. Pop 1,874. Austin county, Tex. Situate S. E., centrally, on Brazos r, and contains about 1,100 sq. m. Drained by Caney, Piney, and Mill creeks fi-om the W., and Fishpond Spring and others (torn the E., tributaries of Brazos r. ; also by creeks of San Bernardo r., which bounds it W. Surface generally level, in the N. undulating, and along the streams heavily timbered. The prairies are extensive and the soils very fertile. Farms 230 ; dwell. 4.32, and pop.— wh. 2,2S6, fr. col. 0, 6l. 1,649— total 8,841. Capital: BellviUe. AusnN, p. T., Atchison co.. Mo. : 212 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Austin, p. v., Eoss eo., O/iio : 51 m. S. Columbus. .lusTTN, p. v., and cap. Tunica co., J/«s. / 103 m. N. Jackson. AVO B, p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : 66 m. S. W AuSTln, p. city and cap. Travis co., 71^. : and capil.il of Ihe State of Texas, on N. side of Colorado r., about 200 m. tlom the Gulf, and 1,420 m. S. W. Washington. It is a-s yet a mere village, but is rapidly improving. Pop. abont 1,500 Two newspapers, the "State Gazette," and (he "Soutli western American," are issued weekly. AusTlNBuBQ, p. T., AshUibula CO., Ohio: on N. side of Black r., 159 m. N. E. Columbus. Austin's Feeet, p. o., Grainger co., Te/in. : 176 m. E Nashville. Austin's La Lansing. AusTiNTTLLE, p. V., Wythe CO., Virg.: on Cripple cr.,206 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. Autauga county, Ala. Situate centrally on Alabama r., and contains 1,152 sq. m. Drained by Autauga, Mulberry, and other creeks of tho Alabama; Ockmulgee cr. of Ca- tawba r., etc. Surface varied — in places broken and rough. Soils of average fertility ; very rich on the streams. Pro- ducts corn and cotton. Farms 711 ; manuf 61 ; dwell. 1.114, and pop.— wh. 6,274, fr. col. 19, si. 8,731)— total 15,023. Cap. ital: Kingston. J'uUic Works: Selma and Tennessee Elver E. E. Autauga vlLLE, p. v., Autauga Co., Ala. : IS m. W. N. W. Montgomery. AvA, p. v., Winnebago CO., lU. : 3 m. N. of Peketonica r., 172 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Ata, p. v., Oneida co., M Y. : 100 m. W. N. W. Albany. Avalanche lake. A"; Y.: a small body of water, between Mt M'Intyre and Mt. M'Mortin, in Essex co. : it is ele- vated 2,900 feet above tide, and is consequently the highest ■water in the Slate. It is tributary to the Hudson. AvEEV, p. v., Monroe co., la. : 86 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. AvEET, p. v., Jo Daviess co.. Jit. : ISl m. N. W. Spring- fleld. AvEETSBOEOUGH, p. V., Cumberland co., A' Car. : on the E. side of Cape Fear r., 30 m. S. Ealeigh. AvxRv's Ceeek, p. 0., Buncombe CO., 2f. Car. : on a or. 60 called, 228 m. W. by S. Ealeigh. Aveey's Gobe, p. o.j Franklin co., Verm. : 52 m. N. by W. Montpelier. AviLLA, p. v.. Noble Co., Ind. : 118 m.N.by E. Indianap- ohs. AviSTON, p. v., Clinton co.. III. : 81 m. S. Springfield. Avoyelles parish, Za. Situate E. of W. Dist., having tho Wacliifa, Eed Elver, and Bayou Atchafalaya on its E. border, and contains 1,200 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of the border rivers. Surface low and sw.ampy near the rivers, and subject to inundations ; but in the W. more elevated, and the soils fertile, producing excellent cot- ton. Farms 393 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 792, and pop. — wh. 4,066, tr. col. 99, si. 5,161— total 9,326. Capital : MarksviUc. Avo, p. v., Patrick eo., Virff. : 162 m. S. W. Eichmond. Avoca, p. v., Livingston CO., HI.: on N. fork of Yer- million r., 92 m. N. E. Springfield. Avoca, p. v., Fond du Lac Co., Wise: 82 m. N. E. Madison. Avoca, p. v., Jefferson co.. Mo. : 89 m. W. by S. Jetfer- Bon City. Avoca, p. v., Steuben co., HT. Y. : on Conhocton r., 213 m. W. by S. Albany, and a station on the Buffalo, Coming, and New York E. E. Avon, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn. : 10 m. W. of Hartford, and a station on New llaven and Northampton R. E., 37 m. N. New Haven. Pop. 1,995. Avon, p. v., St. Genevieve co.. Mo. : 122 m. E. S. E. Jef- ferson City. Avon, t. and p. v., Kocfc CO., Wise. : on Sugar cr., 36 m. fl. Madison. Poi>. 55S AvoK, t. and p. v., Franklin co.. Me. : on Sandy r., 38 m. N. W. Augusta. Avon, t. and p. o., Ionia CO., Mich. : 32 m. W. N. W. Lansing. AVO BAK Avon, t. ;md p. v., Livingston Co., A'. Y. : 163 m. W. AJbany. Pop. •2,s07. Avon, t. and p. v., Lornin co., Ohw: on Lake Eric, lU in. N. N. E. Oolumljns. AvosnAUi, p. T., Chcsler CO., Pain.: 66 m. S. E. Ilar- risburs. Avon Lakb, p. a, Lorain Co., OMo ; 116 m. N. N. E. Columbus. AxEviLLE, p. T., Cattaraugos CO., J^. T. : 21S m. W. by 8. Albany. Atebsvule, p. T., Deflance Co., CAto ; 13'2 m. N. W. Columbus. Atebsyille, p. v., Stokoe co., y. Car. : 113 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. Atxettes, p. 0., King William co., Virg. : 25 m. N. E. Richmond. AzAilA, p. T., Barlliolomcw co., Tn4. : on E. side of E. fork of White r.. IS m. S. S. E. Indianapoli.^. AzTALiN, p. v., Jefferson Co., T(7.!C. .• 21 m. E. by S. Madison. B. Babcock Hill, p. o., OneUla co., iV: K ; SS m. "W. N. W. Albany. Babcock's GnoTE, p. o., Du Page co., III.: IGO m. N. N. E. Springfield. Babylon, p. v., Suffolk co., y. Y. ; on Great South Bay, 142 m. S. S. E. Albany — a pleasant and fashionable sum- mer resort Bachelor's Geove, p. o., Eock co., Wii;c: 37 m. S. bj E. Madison. BACffELOR's Hall, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virt;. : lis m. W, S. W. Eichmund, Bachelor's Home, p. o., Lee co., Virff.: 296 m. W. by 8. Eiehmond. Bacuelou's Retreat, p. o., Pickens co., & Car. : 119 m. N. W. Columbia. Bachma^'s Mills, p. o., Carroll co., Md. : at the head of Bi? Pipe cr., 56 m. N. W. Annapolis. Bace Creek, Md. : a large cr. of Elk r., which, with the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, forms a navigable pas- sage across the neck of the peninsula. Back Creek Vallet, p. o., Frederick co., Vffff. : in the valley of Back cr., a tributary of Potomac r., 12S m. N. by W. Eiehmond. Back Biver, Md. : a lajrge inlet of Chesapeake Bay, E. of Susquehanna r. Bacon's Castle, p. o., Surry co., Tz^'g. : 51 m. S. E. Eieh- mond. Bad Axe county, TH'-sy'. Situate E. of Mississippi r., nnd contains T20 sq. m. Drained by Kickapoo, Bad Axe, and Raccoon rivers. Surface generally level, with large bot- toms on the Mississippi: suils deep and rich. Erected since 1S50. Bad Ase, p. v., Bad Axe co., Wi^c. : on Bad Axe r., a tributiiry of the Mississippi, 9S m. W, by N. Madison. Badger, p. o.. Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 70 m. K. E. Madison. Bagdad, p, v., Smith ca, Tain.: 52 m. E. N. E. Nash- ville. Bagdad, p. v., Lafayette co., Mo. : 9S m. "W. by N. Jef- ferson City. Bahama Chan>t.l, or Gulf of Florida, the narrow sea between the cn.ist of the T'nited SUiIls and the Bahama Islands, 135 m. long and 46 in mean breadth. The cuiTcnts here are most violent, and vessels are frequently wrecked In passing through this strait. BAiLEYSBrRGii, p. V., Perry co., Ptmn.: on the line of the Penn.tylvania R. R., 23 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Bailey's Crree, p. o., Osage co., J/o. ; on a creek so called, CUling into the Missouri r., 24 m. E. JeCTcrson City. Bailey Creek, p. o., Tioga co., Peiin. : 105 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Bailey's Foim Corners, \>. o., Greene co., N. Y. : 3S m S. S. W. Albany. Baileyville, t. and p. v., "Washington co., 3/>. ; on St. Croix r., immediately S. of the outlet of Schoudic Lakes, 126 m. E. by N. Augusta. Pop. 431. Bainbridge, p. v., Macon co., Ala. : 53 m. E. Mont- gomery. Bainbridge, p. v., and cap. Decatur co., Ga. : on E. side of Flint r., 160 m. S. S. W. Milledgeville. Bainbhidgf, p. v., Putnam co., Lid. : on "Wiilnut fork of Eel r., 40 m. W. Inurg R. R. terminates here. BAiNiiitiDGE, p. v., Lane:ister co., Penn.: on the N. E. bank uf Susijiichanna r., 17 m. S. E. Harrisburg. Baixcridue, t and p. v., Chenango co.. N. Y.: on Sus- quelianna r., 96 m. W. by S. Albany. Pop. 8,3SS. Bainbridge, p. v., Robertson co., Tcnn. : 25 m. N. by "W. Nashville. Baiedstowx, p. v., Oglethorpe co., G'. by S. Biptou Rouge. Ball Ground, p. o., Cherokee co., Ga. : 104 m. N. by "W, Milledgeville. Ball Play, p. o., Monroe co., Teiui.: 158 m. E. by S. Nashville. Ball's Pond, p. o., Fairfield co. Coiui.: 54 m. S. W. Hartford. Ballston Centre, p. v., Saratoga co., JV'", Y. : 24 m. N. N. "VV. Albany. Ballston Spa, p. v., and cap. Saratoga co., X. Y. : on a small branch of Kayaderosscras cr., 2T ni. N. N. "W. Alba- ny. It is much celebrated for its mineral springs, and is the most fashionable summer resort in the Union. Rail- roads connect it with Troy, Schenectady, and Albany, south- ward, and with Whitehall, etc., northward. Two newspa- pers, the '* Ballston Democrat," and " Ballston Journal," are issued weekly. Eallstown, p. v., Ripley co., Jiid.: 56 m. S. E. Indian- apolis. Ballsvtlle, p. v., Powhatan co., Tirg.: on Deep cr. of James r., 38 m. W. Richmond. Baltlmore county, Md. Situate N. E., and contains 631 sq. m. Drained by Patapsco, Gwiun's, Jones, and Great Gunpowder Falls rivers. Surface uneven and varied. Soils thin and rocky, but fertile. Timber abundant, as also iron, copper, and other minerals, with building atone of va- rious kinds. Farms 1,655 ; manuf. 2,569 ; dwell. 30,065, and pop._wh. 175,853, fr. col. 28,570, si. 6,718— total 210,646. Capital: Baltimore. Public Works: Baltimore and Ohio R. R. ; Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore R. R. ; Bal- timore and Susquehanna R. R., with Westminster Brancn; and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. A R. R. also runs from Westchester, Pa., direct to Baltimore (in progress). Baltimore City, sea-porl, p. city, and cap. Baltimore co., 3Id. : on the N. side Patapsco r., 14 m. from its entrance into Chesapeake Bay, and 204 m. from the Atlantic Ocean, by ship channel, and 2S m. N. Annapolis ; lat. 39° 17' 23", and long. 0° 24' E. Washington. The city is pleasantly situated on a slightly undulating ground, and some of the elevations in the vicinity command fine views. As laid out, it includes four miles square, and is built around the bay. The streets arc regular and spa- cious, the buildings mostly of brick, and some of them ex- hibiting beautiful architectural combinations. Jones' Falls, a small stream from the N., divides the city into two parts, and over it are erected several handsome stone and wooden "bridges. The harbor of Baltimore is capacious and safe, and con- sists of an inner basin and an outer harbor— the latter at Fell's Point, and accessible to tlie largest ships. The en- trance is commanded by Fort M'llcnry. The principal public buildings are the City Hall, the County Court House, the State Penitentiary, County Prison and House of Refuge, the Roman Catholic Cathedral, the finest in the Union, and numerous buildings devoted to collegiate, academic, and other literarj- and cducali.mal purposes. The monuments of Baltimore, and its nume- rous fountains, are distinguishing features in the adoniinenta of tbe city. Tlie population, in 1S50, amounted to 169,064 souls, of BAL BAN whii'ii 140,006 were whites, '2''.-14-J fr. eol.. ami '-MI4i"» si. The total value of real and personal estate was $S0,'2;i7,9t)0, ami llic taxes raised. $G17,994, of wliich $;iSl,509 was city tiix. Baltimore lias 4 cnUeges, 07 academies and private ficliools. and 71 primary and public schonls. The I'liivcr- sity, St. Mary's Uollege, and Washington Medical C'ollege, are tlic prineii)al co!le2;iate institutions. There are 99 churches of all denominations, of which 6 are Baptist, 10 Episcopal, 3 German lieformed, 8 Lutheran. 42 Methodist, 4 I'resbylcrian, S Ilonian Catholic, and S otiiors not speci- fied. The public press consists of Q daily, 4 tri-weekly, 10 ■weekly, 1 semi-monthly, and 2 monthly periodieids and newspapers; and of these 6 are religious, 1 agricultural, 1 musical, and 1 colonization ; the remainder are devoted to politics and general news. The industrial employments of the citizens are various and extensive. There are 2,243 establishuients; the man- ufacturing capital invested, $6,541,922 ; males employed, 15,442; females employed, 5,044; raw material consumed, $9,444,244 ; monthly cost of labor, $459,441 ; annual pro- ducts, $2il,41(j,511 ; of these establislmienta, 71 arc blacksmith, 8o(j boot and slioe, 111 cabinet ware, 120 cigar, 238 cloth- ing. 26 coach and carriage, 10 brass founding, 13 iron found- ing, 10 gunsmith, 12 machine, 10 pianreign commerce of which exceeds th.at of Baltimore. In 1S49-50, the entrances amounted to 43S vessels and 99,583 tons, and the clear- ances to 521 vessels and 126,819 tons; and the value of mer- chandise imported was $6,121,201, and of that exported, $fi.9fJ7.353. The great bulk of the foreign commerce of Baltimore is carried on with the States of South America and the "West India colonies, and the continent <»f lliiiui.L'. With the British ports in Europe the couuection is very limited. There are 10 banks in Baltimore, with an aggregate cajiilal of $7,10l,i'51. The ciri-ulatiim in 1S50 amounted to $2,073,578, discounts to $li»,'.l25,106, and deposits to $3,64S,Hiy, and the amount of specie on hand to $2,113,758. There are also a number of insurance companies and sav- ings' institutions. The cily is bountifully 3upi)lied with pure and wholesome water from jmblic springs and fountains ; these are inclosed by circular railings, and covered by small, open templets, consisting of columns supporting a dome, which are highly ornamental. The city, however, derives its great supply from an elevated part of Jones' Falls, from which the wa ter is conducted through an aqueduct to a reservoir on Cal- vert-street, whence it is distributed in pii)es. The linos of travel diverging from Baltimore, aro; the Baltimore and riiiladolphia U. li., 97 m. long; the Balti- more and Susquehannah K. li., extending to llarrisburg, I'a. ; and the Baltimore and Ohio E. K., with a brancli II. K. to Washington ; and lines of steamships or sail-vessels ply to Philadelphia, Norfolk, and other Atlantic ports. These great routes of communication unite the cily willi every part of the Union, and insure a rapid arul certain transit to its ever-increasing trade. Baltimore was first laid out as a tnwn in 1T2'.I, and in 1765 it contained only 50 houses. It was eh:irtcr.-d as a cily in 1T97. Since this period its increase has boon eonstaut, and its prosperity material. Baltimoue. p. v., Warren co„ Jnd.: on W. side of Wa- bash r., 72 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. Balti.mork, hund., Sussex co., Del. : facing on the ocean. Area 52.210 acres, and pc pulation 2,301. Baltimoue. p. v.. Fairfield co., Ohio.: on botli sides of Miami Canal. 20 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Pop. 492. Baltimore, p. v., Barry co., Mich, : 32 m. W. by S. Lan- sing. Bancroft county, Ta. Situate N. W., and contains 432 sq. m., tiiken from I'ottowotlomec in 1851. Bancuoft, p. v., Hampshire co., Mans.: 113 m. W Boston. Banqor, t., p. city, port of entry, and cap. Penobscot co., Me. : at the head of navigation on tlie Penobscot r., 30 m. N. by E. from Belfast Bay, and 60 from the sea. Lat. 44^ 47' 50" N., and long. 68° 47' W. from Greenwich. Pop. 14,432. Kenduskeag r. divides the city into two part.s, wliich are connected by bridges; a mile above the city it has a fall which alTords mill-power. The harbor is spa- eious, and at tide is deep enough for the largest vessels. The principal stai)lc of trade is timber. The Bangor Theo- logical Seminary, and other good schools, are located here ; and the periodical press consists of two daily papers, the " Mercury" and the "Whig and Courier," and four weekly papers, two of which are editions of the daily papers, and the others, the " Democrat" and the " Jeffersonian." Churches ot all denominations are numerous. There is a II. li. extending hence to Old Town, and another, the Kennebec and Pen- obscot II. K., will aftbrd, when finished, a direct R. R. com- nnuiication southward. Steamboats ply regularly to and from the river villages, and also to and from Boston and Portland. Bangor was incorporated as a town in 1791, and was chartered as a city in 1834. Just above the city, a bridge, 1,320 feet long, spans the Penobscot, connecting Bangor with Orrington. Bangor, t. and p. v., Franklin co., iV. T. : on n tributary of Salmon r . 152 ni. N. N. W. Albany. The Ndlhorn It. R. passes through it 63 m. W. Rouse's Point, and 5b E. Og>- densburg. Poji. 2,160, Bank Lick, p. o., Kenton co., A^/. : 62 m. N. Frank fort Bankstok, p. v., Choctaw co., Jftas.: S2 m. N. by E. Jackson. 05 BA\ BAR Banks\tlle, p. v., Fairfield co., Conn.: 5S m. S. "VV. Hartford. Eaxkton, p. v., Saline co., III. : between the middle and S. forks of Saline cr., 150 m. S. 3. E. SpriiipfieM. Baskee, p. o., Kane co., HI,: 159 m. N. N. E. Spring- field. Banitee, p. 0., Lafayette co., Miss. : 134 m. N. Jackson. Ban-xeiim:^vn, p. c, New Uanovcr co., K. Car. : 110 m. S. by E. Raleigh. Ba>-tasi, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio : 102 m. S. "W. Colum- bus. Bantam Falls, p. c, Litchfield co., Conn. : 86 m. W. Hartford. Baptist Mission, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Intl. Ter. Baptistown, p. v., Hunterdon co., -A'^ Jer: 29 m. W. N. W. Trenton. Baptist Valley, p. o., Tazewell co., Virff. : 348 m. W. by S. Kichmond. Baraboo, p. v., Sauk co., Tfisc. : on S. side Baraboo r., S3 m. N. by "W. Madison. Barber's, p. o., Columbia co., Fhr. Barber's Cornees, p. o., Will co., III. : 143 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Barber's Creee, p. c, Jackson co., 6^^. ; GO ni. N. Mil- ledgeville. Berber's Cross Eoads, p. o., Isle of Wight co., Virg. : C4 m. S. E. Richmond. Baebeesville. p. v., Jefferson co., hid. : 7C m. S. E. In- dianapolis. Barbope county, Ala, Situated S. E. on Chattahoochee r., and contains 980 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks of Chattahoocliec r., the head waters of Choctawatchic r., and Pea r., which forms its W. border. Surface undulat- ing, and the soils generally fertile. Com and cotton are the staple products. Farms 1,325 ; mauuf. 39 ; dwell. 2,306, and pop.— wh. 12,842, fr. col. 10; si. 10,780— total 23,632. Capital: Clayton. Barboue county, Vlrg. Situate N. W., and contains 3S0 sq. m. Dr.iined by the numerous creeks forming the E. fork of Monongahela r. Surface much diversified, some- what rough, and soils ricli, producing wheat, corn, oafs, and tobacco abundantly. Maple sugar is made largely. Farms 1,0T5; dwell. 1,467, and pop.— wh. 8,671, fr. col. 221, si. 113_total 9,005. CapUc co., WUc. Ba83 lUvEB Hotel, p. o., Burlington co., N. Jer. : 57 m. 6. E. Trenton. Basthop county, Tex. Situate S. W. on Colorado r., and contains about 1,400 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks of the Colorado, which traverses the county from N. W. to S. E. Surface generally elevated and undulating— in the N. some low hills. The streams arc fringed witli heavy timber, between whith arc small and beautiful prairies. Soils a . v., and cap. Steuben co., N, Y. : on the Con- hocton r.. 173 m. W. S. W.Albany. The "Steuben Cou- rier" (whig), the " Farmer's Advocate," and " Steuben Democrat" (dem.), are published weekly. The village is an important station on the Eufl;ilo, Corning, and Kew York City E. E., and has a large number of flourishing flour and saw mills. Pop. oft. 6,1 S5. Batu, t. and p. v.. Summit co., Ohio: on a cr. of Cuya- hoga r.,10S m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,400. iiATU, p. v., Northampton co,, Penn. : 90 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg, Batu, p. v., and cap. Bath co., Yirg. : 132 m. W. N. W. Eichmond. The village is noted for its medicinal springs: tJie Warm Spring at this place has a temperature of 960 Fahr.y and about 6 m. S. W. are hot springs, the tempera- ture being 112°; these are much visited by invalids. Bath Alum, p. v., Bath co., Yirg. Batu Spuing, p. o., Decatur co., Tenn. Baton Eouge, East, parish. La. Situate on the E. bank of Mississippi r., and contains 2SS sq. m. The lands are well drained by numerous streams, tributaries of Amilie r., which borders it E. Surface slightly elevated above flood mark. Soils productive of com, cotton, and sugar. Farms 2S7, dwell. 1,044, and pop.— wh. 5,347, fr. col. 279, si. 6,%1 —total 11,977. Capital: Baton Eouge. Baton Eocc.e, West, parish. La. Situate W. side of Mississippi, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by creeks and bayoux falling into Bayon Atchafalaya, which bonlers it S. and W. Surface low, level, and subject to inundation, except along the streams where the land is slightly ele- vated. Cotton is the principal productitui. Farms 1-8; dwell. 392, and pop.— wh. 1,818, fr. col. H.)2, si. 4,350— total 6,270. Capital: West Baton Eouge. Baton Eouge, p. v., ami cap. East Baton Eouge par.. La., and cap. of the Stale of Louisiana: on K. bank of Mis- sissippi r., 245 m. from its mouth, and l,12i) S. W. Washing- ton. It is the site of an V. S. barracks, an.l contains the St«tc House, the Louisiana Penitentiar\-, county offices, and other handsome pnhlic and private dwellings. It is mostly built upon an elevated plain, some 25 or 30 feet aboAe (he river, the business portion being at the foot of the blufl". The BAT BEA "Baton Kouge Gazette," and ''Democratic Advocate,'' art- publisho.l weekly. Pop. 4,262, Baton Kouge, C. H., p. v., and cap. West Baton Rouge, Im. : on tlie W. side of tlie Mississippi r., immediately oppo- site Baton liougc. Baton Kocge, p. V., Cheater dist,, S. Car. : 62 m. N. Co- lumliia. BATTAnATCTTTE Hver, Ahi. and Jfi-w. ; a trihut,iry of Toni- bigbce r. — it rrees in Alabama, and after a course of 70 m. disembogues in Monroe oo., Jfim. Batten Kill, a tributary of the TTudson r. from Vermont. It has a course of about 50 m., in which 11 fumisIu'S many excellent mill sites, and falls into the Hudson below Fort Miller Bridc:e. Battenville, p. v., Washington CO., N'. K ; 33 m. N. E. Albany. Battlebobough, p. v., Edgecomb co., K. Car. : 46 m. E. by N. llaleigh. Battle Creek, p. v., Calhoun co., JfSch. : at the junction of Battle er. and Kalamazoo r., 42 m. S. W. Lansing. The Michigan Central K. K. intersects the v. 120 m. "W. Detroit. Battle Creek, p. o., Marion eo., Ttvw. Eattlk Cbeek, JficTi, : the largest branch of Kalaraazno r. It is about 40 m. long, and furnishes many good mill sites. Battlefield, p. o., Lauderdale co., Mis$. : 83 m. E. Jacksitn. Battle Grocnd, p. o., Tippecanoe eo., /«j*. ; on Iho W. side of Trin- ity r., 210 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Bazetta, t. and p. v., Trumbull CO., Ohio: 145 m. N. E. Columbus. Beach Beanch, p. o., Beaufort dist., ^.S". Car. : 112 m. S. Columbia. Beach Gbote, p. o., Lucerne co., Penn. : 102 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Beacu Haten, p. v^ Lucerne co., Peiiii. : 93 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Beach Hill, p. 3^ Ulster co., N. Y. : 72 m. S. Albany. "■ Beach Land, p. o., Ciiattooga co., Ga.: 1C2 m. N. W. Milledgcville. JiEALE'8 Mills, p. c, Juniata co., Penn. : 34 m. W. Har- risburg. Beallrville, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 203 m. W. by B. Ilarrisburg, Beali^ville, p. T., Monroe co., Ohio: 104 m. E. Co- Jumbua. BEAM9\^LLE, p. V., Dajkc CO., Ofiiu: 92 m. W. Columbus. Bi:an Blossum, p. o., Brawn co., Ind. : on a cr. so called, 38 m. S. Indianapolis, Bean's Station, p. c, Grainger co., Tenn. : ISS m. E. l)y N. Nashville. Beantown, p. v., Charles co., Md.: 33 m. S. W. Anna- polis. Bear Branch, p. o., Duplin eo., Al Car. : 52 m. S. S. K. Rak-igh. Bear Bkanch, p. c, Ohio co., Ind. : S6 m. S. E. Indian- apoHs. Bear Creek, p. o., Jay co., Iiul. : on a cr. so called, a tributary of Wabash r., 62 ra. E. N. E. Indianapolis. Beak Ceeek, p. o., Montgomery co., III. : 46 m. S. Spring- field. Beae Creek, p. o., Cedar co., Mo.: on a cr. so called, a tributary of Sac r. of tho Ossage, 60 m. S. W. JclTerson City. Bear Ceeek, p. o., Poweshiek co., la. : 40 m. W. Iowa City. Bear Creek, p. o., Lucerne co., Penn. : 36 m. N. E. Har- risburg. Bear Creek, p, o., Montgomer>* co., Ohio.: 82 m. W. Columbus. Bear Creek, p. o., Sauk co., Wise. : 43 m. W. by N. Ma- dison. Bear Creek, p. o., Pickens co., Aht.: 124 m. N. W. Montgomery. Bear Creek, p. o.,S.Tbineco., Tea?.: 246m. E. Austin City. Beard's Bluff, p. o., MarslKiU co., Ala.: 132 m. N. Montgomery. Beardsto\vn, p. T., and cap. Cass co., lU.: on E. side of the Illinois r., 4S m. W. by N. Springfield. Beaedstown, p. v., Perry co., Tenn. : 78 m. S. W. Nasb- Tille. Bear Gap, p. o., Northumberland co., Pemi.: 72 m. N. Ilarrisburg. Beabmont, p. o., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 52 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Bear Range, p. o., Autauga co., Ahi.: 23 m. N. W. Montgomery. Bearsville, p. v., Ulster co., A'". Y. : GO la. S. S. E. Albany, Beaetown, p. v., Lancaster co., Ptvm, : 48 ra, S. E. Har- risburg. Bbar Wallow, p. c, Barren co., Ay. .- 108 m. S. by W. Frankfort. Beaseley, p. o., Jefferson eo., Fhr. Bbatie's Bluef, p. o., Madison co., Miss. : 32 m. N, by E. Jackson. Beattie's Ford, p. o., Lincoln co., H. Car: : 142 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Beatty's Beidge, p. 0., Bhklen CO., Al Cur. : S4 m. S. Ealcigh. Braty's Mili-S p. o., Marion co., Virff. Beatvstown, p. v., Warren co.. A'. Jer.: on Muscone- teong er., at thu W. b:;se of Schooley'a mt., 52 m. N, Tren- ton. Beaufort county, A': Car. Situate E. on Pamlico and Pungo rivers, and contains 670 gq. m. Surface flat, and subjei'i to inundation. Cotton and rice the sJajdcs. Farms 594; nianuf. 73; dwell. 1,663, and pop.— wh. 7,063, fr. col. 9W, si. 5,249— total 13,816. Capital: Washington. Beaufort district, S. Car. Situate in S. W. comer of the Sliite. and contains 1.120 sq. m. Facing S. E. nn the Atlantic, and lying between the Savannah and Canihahee rivers, and drained by tht-ir tributaries and the Ooosawat- chie r. The coast is lined with a uumln r of islands, the largest of which ar^ Hillou IL-ad, St. Ik-lena. and Port Royal, which form a number of canals and inlets. Surfaee low and marshy, and soil generally sanily. The chief pro- duets aro Indian corn, rice, and cotton. Farms 842 ; manuf. 18: -dwell, 1,385, and pop.— wh. .'j,94,'i. fr. col. 581, si, 32,279 — toUti ;J8.S05. Capitul: Coosawalchie. Beaufort, p, r., eea-port. and cap. Cartaret co., A^. Car.: 59 BEA BED 126 m, E. S. E. linJcigh. The harbor is spacious atid safe, and admits vessels drawing 14 feet water, culrance being had by Old Topsail Iiilet, 11 m. N. W. Cape Lcwkout. The port has a good coninierce, and the shipping belonging to the district in 1S50 was 3,250 tons, chiefly coasters. On Boguo Point, at the entrance of the harbor, stands .Fort Macon. Bkaufokt, p. v., Franklin co., Mo. : 53 m. E. Jefferson Citj". Beaitort, p. v., sea-port, and cap. Beaufort dist,, S. Car, : on the W. side of Port Koyal r., an inlet of the Atlantic, 10 m. from the sea and 156 9. Columbia. The harbor is good, but on account of a bar at the mouth, vessels of more than 11 feet draft are prevented entrance. It has little or no commts-ee, and the site is unhealthy. EEAUTiioNT, p. o., Lucerne co., Penn*: T2 m. N. E. Uar- risbuFig. BEAtJMONT, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Tkc. ; on the W. bank of Nechcs r., 28 m. above its entrance into tiabine Bay, and 2'i4 m. E. by S. Austin City. Beaver county, Penn, Situate W., and contains SS-2 sq. m. Drained by Beaver r. and the Ohio, which flows Ihrmigh it. Surface uneven, sometimes hilly, but soils fertile. Coal andiron are abundant. Farms 1,841; manuf. 1S6; dwell. 4,564, and pop.— wh. 26,444, fr. col. 245— total 26,6S9. Cap- iUil: Beaver. Public Works: Cleveland and Pittsburg li. R., Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E., Beaver and Erie Camil, etc. BEAVEtt, t. and p. v., Pike co., Ohio: on the line of the Cincinnati, Hillsboru', and l^arkersburg K. 1^.. 62 m. S. by E. Columbus. Pop. 520. Beavek, p. v., Anderson co., Tex.: 216 m. N. E. Austin City. Beaver, p. v., and cap. Beaver co., Penn. : at the con- fluence of Big Beaver r. with the Ohio r., 30 m., by the river course, below Pittsburg, and 1S7 in. W. Ilarrisburg. Two newspapers, the "B. Argus," and the " Western Star" (whig), are issued weekly. Pop. 2,550. Beaveb, p. v., Boone co., III. : on a cr. of Eock r., 164 m. N. by E. Springfield. Beaver Beook, p. c, Sullivan co., K. Y. : 121 m. S. S. W. Albany. Beaver Creek, p. v., Bond co., PL : on Beaver cr. of Kaskaskia r., 72 m. S. by E. Springfield. Beaver Ceeee, p. o,, Pulaski co., IniJ. : on a cr. of Tip- pecanoe r., SI m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. Beavee Creek, p. o., Washington co., Md. : on a cr. of Autietam r., 74 m. N. W. Annapolis. Beater Creek, p. o., Campbell co., VJrff. : 9S m. W. by S. Pichraond. Beaver Dam, p. c, Kosciusko co., In<7. : 105 m. N. In- dianapolis. Beavek Bam, p. c, TTnion co., 2^. Oar. : 116 m. S. W. Ealeigh- Beaver Dam, p. o., Goochland co., Virg.: 21 m. W. Kichmond. Beater Bam, p. o., Dodge co.. Wise. : 51 m. N. E. Mad- ison. Beaver Dam, p. o., Allen co., Oliio: S9 m. N. W. Co- lumbus. Beateh Bam, p. c, Clark co., Miss. : 98 m. E. by S. Jackson. Beaver Dam Di!p6t, p. o., Hanover co., Virff. : on the lino of the Virginia Central E. K., 40 m. (28 m. durect) N. W. Kichraond. Beater Dam Forks, p. c, Tipton co., Tenn. : 15S m. W. S. W. Nashville. Beaver Bam Sprinqb, p. 0., Hickman co., Tmn. : 42 m. e. W. Na3h\-ille. Beaver Bams, p. o., Chemung co., y. Y. : 162 m. W. S. "W. Albany. Beater I8LANI>, p. o., Michilimackinac en., 3fii'?i. : 212 m. N. N. W. Lansing. The Beavers arc a cluster of islands 60 at the enlrnnif of Lake Michigan. The largest, Big Beaver, contains about 25,000 acres, and is now in possesaion of a band of Mormons, under the direction of Strang, one of the most eminent advocates of the church. Beater Kn,L, p. o., Sullivan co., A'. Y. : on a cr. of same nanie, tributary to the Papacton Branch of Delaware r.. 74 m. 8. S. W. Albany. Beatek Meadow, p. o., Chenango co., JT. Y. : 101 m. W. Albany. Beaver Meadows, p. o., Carbon co., P6nn. : in the an- thracite coal region of the Lehigh r., 73 m. N. E. Harris- burg. Pop. 525. Beatee Ponds, p. 0., Montgomery co., JTy. ; 00 m. E. by S. Frankfort. Beater ErocE, p. c, Knox co., TWwi. ; 153 m. E. by S. Nashville. Beater Eutn, p. o., Union co.. Ark. : 109 m. 8. Little Eock. Beaver Springs, p. o., Union co., Perm. : 53 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Bravep.town, p. v., Union co., P^in.: ."59 m. N. "W. Harrisburg, Beaver Valley, p. o., Columbia co., Perm. : 57 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Becket, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : on the Green mountain range, 104 m. W. Boston. Pop. 1,22-3. Becket'8 Stoile, p. 0-, Pickaway co., Ohio: 25 m. S. Co- lumbus. Becketstixle, p. T., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : 32 m. N. E. Montgomerj'. Beckuamsville, p. v., Chester dist., S. Car. : on the "W. side of Wateree r., 44 m. N. Columbia. Beckley, p. o., Kaleigh co., Yirg.: 267 m. W. Eich- mond. Becktille, p. T., Carroll co., Miss. : 74 m. N. Jackson. Bedford county, Pemi. Situate S. middle, and con- tains 9S2 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Eaystown Branch of Juniata r., and several tributaries of the N. branch of Potomac r. Surface uiountaino*is, with extensive and fertile valleys. Iron and bituminous coal abound. Farms 1,S75; manuf. 117; dwell. 3,S96, and pop.— wh. 22,637, IJr. col. 415— total 23,052. Capital: Bedford. Bedford county, Tenn. Situate centrally, and contains 6S0 sq. m. Drained by Duck r. of the Tennessee and its tributary creeks. Surface finely variegated with bill and dale, with abundance of timber, and the soils generally fer- tile. Farms 9S6; manuf. 2S; dwell. 2,75J, and pop.— wh. 15,93S, fr. col. 71, si. 5,50;3— total 21,51*2. Capit, p. v., and cap. Trimble co., A'y. : 38 m. N. W. Frankfort. A mile from the v. is an Epsom salts spring surcharged with sulphur, and near it accoramodalious aro provided for invalid visitors. Bedford, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., 3nc?i. : on Kalamazoo r.. 46 m. S. W. Lansing. The Michigan Central E. E. pass- es through the S. part of the t, 124 m. W. Detroit. P. 74T. BED BEL BEiiFor.D, t, auU p. v., Middlfsex co., MoiS.: on Shaw- 8bccn r., 15 m. N. W. Boston. I'op. 975, BliUFOiU), t, and p. v., HUlsburough co., JV. Jhimp. : on Merrimac r., IS m. S. Concord. Tho t. has good walcr- powcr and furnishes various minerals. Top. 1,01(0. Beufobd, p. T., and cap. Westchesler CO., M. i'. : H» m. B. Alljany. Pop. :)M9. EKi>FoRn, u and p. v., Cujr.ihofra co., Ohio: ou Tinker's cr., 12S m. M. E. Columbus. Pep. 1,85-1, Bedford, t., p. t., and cap. Bedford co., Pmin. : on Roys- town branch of .Juniata r., 'M m. W. by S. IlaiTisburg. It is pleasantly situate in the midst of a mountain valley, and is celebrated for its mineral springs. Three newspiipers, the " B. Gazette" (dcm.), the " Jackson Democrat," and the " Democratic Inquirer" (whig), are published weekly. The accammodalicins for visitors are ample and superior. Bedfoed STiTiorr, p. o., TVestebester Co., Jf. Y. : on the line of the Harlem R. E., 42 m. N. New York City. Bedi, p. o., Grimes Co., Tw. .• 132 m. E. Austin City. Bee Branch, p. o., Teltis co., Mo. : CO m. W. by N. Jef- ferson City. Beech Bluit, p. o., Dallas CO., Arir. : 04 m. S. E. Little P.ock. BF.ECn Cbeek, p. o., Clinton CO., Pwm. ; 92 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. Beech Fork, p. o., "Washington co.. Kg. ; on a creek of Salt r. so caUed, 45 m. S. W. Frankfort. EEEcn GiioVB, p. 0., Rush co., J:ul. : 42 m. E. S. E. In- dianapolis. Beech GnoTE, p. o., Philips CO., Arl:: 89 ra. E. byS. Little Rock. Beeoh Gbote, p. 0., Coffee Co., Tenn. : 43 m. S. E. Nash- Tillc. Beech Islasd, p. o, Edgefield dist., S. Car.: &S m. W. Columbia. Beech Lmid, p. o., Licking CO., Ohio: 32 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Beech Land, p. c, Union co.. Ark. : 112 m. 8. S. E. Lit- tle Rock. Beech Woods, p. o., 'Warren CO., Peiin.: 184 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. Beecuv Mibe, p. 0., Union CO., Im!. : 70 m. E. by S. In- dianapolis. Beehive, p. o., Clinton co., Jifo. : on Smith's fork of Little Platte r., 138 m. I?. W. .Jefferson City. Beekman, t. and p. v.. Duchess CO., K T. ; on FishkiU r., a triliulary of Hudson r., 8T m. S. Albany. Pop. 1,585. Beekmas's MiLis, p. o., Somerset co., 21. Jcr. : 22 m. N. by E. Trenton. Beek.mantow-:^, t. and p. o., Clinton co., N. Y. : on Lake Champlain, 140 m. N. Albany. In the "W. part of the town are the lakes Chazy and Cliateaugua, the sources of the r. of the same name. Pop, 3,384, Beeler'8 i^TATio.t, p. o., Marshall co., Tirg. : 240 m. N. W. Richmond. Bee Line, p. o., Allegan Co., Mich. : 60 m. W. Lansing. Beemeeville, p. T., Sussex Co., JV". Jer, : 7-3 m. N. Tren- ton. Bee Ridge, p. o,, Knox co., Mb.: 112 m. N. JetTerson City. Beeslet's PorsT, p. o., Cape May co., 27. ,/er. : 93 m. S. Trenton. Beetow!?, p. T., Grant oo.. Wise: CO m. W. by S. Mad- ison. Beetei^ p. 0., Kershaw dist., S. CUr. : 3S m. PT. E. Co- lumbia. Begley's, p. 0., Perry co., A'y. .■ 132 m. 6. E. Frankfort. Belair, p. 0., Richmond CO., Gt:.: on the line of the Georgia R. E., 11 m. W. Augusta, and 6S m. E. N. E. Mil- Icdgeville. Bel- Air, p. v., and cap. Harford Co., M'J. : between "Winter's and Bynham's Runs, S9 m. N. Annapolis. A newspaper, the " Gazelle," is issued weekly. The country in the vicinity comprises one of the finest agricultural dis- tricts of the Stale. llELAlB, p. o., Lancaster dist., S. Car. : OS m. N. by E. Civ- lunibia. Belcheb, p. o., "Wasbington co., jV". Y. : 42 m. K. by E. Albany. Bclchuktowk, I. and p. v., Hampshiro oo., i/lMs. ; 03 in. W. by S. Boston. Belkfj*, p. v., M'Uenry oo., Rl. : 1!9 m. N. E. Spring- fleld. Belew's Ckeek, p. o., Btokos co., M Car. : 108 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Belfast, t., p. c. seaport, and cap. Waldo oo., Mf. : at the head of Belfast Bay, on the W. side of PcnobBcol r., 311 m. from the ocean, and 37 m. E. Augusta. The harbor is spacious, and sufficiently deep for the largest vessels. The principal e-xports are lumber and fish. Sbip-building is e.v- tensively engaged in : in 1850, 83 vessels, and 0.215 tons, were built. The shipping belonging to the district amounts to 45,595 Um%, chiefly employed in the coasting trade, and the cod and mackerel fisheries. There are two newspapers published here, the "State Signal,'' and the "Reputilican Journal," botli democratic, and issued weelcly. It has reg- ular communication by steamboat with the porta north and south. Pop. 5,u<>2. Belfast, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., K Y. : on Genesee r., 233 m. W. by S. Alljany. The Genesee Valley Canal here leaves the river, and passes S. W. up tlie valley of Black cr. Belfast, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : 93 m. S. W. Colum- bus. Belfast, p. v., Northampton CO., Penn.: 80 m. E. by N. H.arrisburg. Belfast, p. o., Marshall Co., Tcnn. : 50 m. S. Na,- lumbus. Belle Ce.ntbe, p. a, Logan co., Ohio: ,M m. N. W. Co- lumbus. Bellefontatne, p. v., Choctaw co.. Miss. : 112 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Bellefon'Talne. p. v., and cap. Logan CO.. Ohio: 52 m. N. W. Columbus. It is an im|)ortant centre, and has a flourishing business. Railroads pass through the village, 01 BEL BEL N. and S., and E. and W. A newsi)ai)er, the " L. Gazette," is published weekjy. Bellefonte, p. v., and cap. Jackson co., Ala. : on Paint Keck cr. of the Tennessee r., 156 m. N. by E. Montgomery. A newspaper, the "Jackson County Democrat," is issued ■weekly. Bellefonte, p. T., Pulaski co., Mo.: on the E. side of Gasconade r., 09 m. S. Jefferson City. Bellefonte, p. v., and cap. Centre co., Penn. : on Spring cr. of Bald Eaglo r., 6S ni, N. V*'. Ilarrisburg. It is exten- sively engaged in the iron trade, and has a connection by canal with West Branch Canal. Three new.spapers, the " C. Berichter," and the "C. Democrat" (dem.), and the "Democratic Whig," are issued weekly. Pop. 2,913. Eellefouktain, p. v., Columbia co., Wise. : 3S m. N. E. Madison. BELLEFOtntTAiN, p. V., Mahaska co., la. : on the S. aide of Des Moines r., 70 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. Belle Haten, p. o., Accomac co., Virg.: 112 m. E. by N. Eiehmond. Belle Isle, p. o., Onondaga co., A". Y. : 186 m. W. by N. Albany. Belleaiont, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn.: 42 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Bellemonte, p. v., SL Louis CO., Mo.: lU m. E. by N. Jefferson City. Belle Ombke, p. T., Ballard co., Ky. : 240 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Belle Point, p. o., Boone co., la. : 132 m. "W. by N. Iowa City. Belle Point, p. c, Delaware co., O?iio: 2T m. N. Co- lumbus. Belle Psaikie, p. c, Hamilton co., III. : 14S m. S. S. E. Springfield. Belle Kivee, p. o., St, Clair co., 3nch.: Ill m. E. Lan- sing, on the r. so called, which fahs into St. Clair r. after a course of upward of 50 m. Belle Veknon, p. o., "Wyandott co., 07no: CG m. N. by W. Columbus. Belle Veenon, p. o., Fayette co., Penti. : 153 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Bellevtew, p. o., Talbot co., Ga.: ST m. W. by S. Mil- led geville. Belleview, p. o., Rusk co., Tea. : 216 m. N. E. Austin City. Bellevtew, p. v., Callioun co., III. : on a beautiful prairie on the E. side of Bay cr., 69 m. W. S. W. Spring- field. Belletiew, p. v., Christian co., Ky. : 174 m. W. by B. Frankfort Belleview, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn. : S3 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Belleview, p. c, and cap. Bossier par., Za^ : on E. side of Lake Bodeau, 210 m. N. "W. Baton Kouge. Belleville, p. t., Conecuh co., Afa.: at the head of Murder cr. of Conecuh r., 78 m. S. "W. Montgomery. Belleville, p. t., Desha co., Ark. : 118 m. S. E. Little Eock. Belleville, p. v., Hendricks co., Tiid. : 21 m. "W. S. W. Indianapolis. Belleville, p. v., and cap. St Clair co., III.: on Kock- land cr., 92 m. S. by W. Springfield. Tlie site is elevated, and the surrounding country highly fertile. Three news- papers are published here— the •• B. Advertiser" (dem.), the " Zcitung," a German paper (dem.), imd the " Illinois Ke- publifan" (whig). The village is one of the most flourish- ing of the interior. Belleville, p. t., Wayne co., JHiIi-. : 76 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Belleville, t. and p. v., Essex co., K Jer. : on W. side Passaic r., along which it extends 3 ni., 57 m. N. E. Tren- ton. It hns fine milling facihtics and considerable manu- factures, pop. 8,513, 62 Belleville, p. v., Jefferson co., A"! }' ; IGS m. W. N. W- Albany. It is situate on the Sackett's Harbor Branch R. B. Belleville, p. o., Bichland co., Ohio: on the S. side of Clear fork of Walhonding r., 50 m. N. by E. Columbus, and on the line of the Columbus and Lake Erie K. K., 47 m. N. Newark. Belleville, p. v., Mifflin co., Penn. : 63 m. N. W. Har- risburg. Belleville, p. c, Eoane co., Teim.: 112 m. E. by S. Nashville. Belleville, p. v., "Wood co., Virff. ; on E. side of Ohio r., 12 m. S. Parkersburg, and 256 W. N. W. Richmond. Belleville Poet, p. v., Essex co., Maae. : 86 m. N. by E, Boston, Bellevue, p. v., Huron co., Ohio: 60 m. N. by E. Co- lumbus. Bellevite, t and p. v., Eaton co., Mic7i. : on Battle cr., 32 m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 769, Bellevtte, p. v., Jackson co., la.: on W. bank of Missis- sippi r., 58 m. N. E. Iowa City. It is a i>lace of considerable commercial activity. Bellefalb Mills, p. o., Stafford co., Virg.: 5S m. N, Richmond. Bellingham, t, and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : on Charles r., 82 m. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,281. Bell Mount, p. o., Somerset co., Md.: 76 m. S. E. An- napolis. Bello^vs' FALI.S, p. v., Windham co., Ve?vn. : on the W. side of the Conueelieut v., at the falls so called, 78 m. S. l>y E. Montpelier. There is a canal around the falls, which prolongs the navigation of the r. Much picturesque scenery surrounds the v. ; it is more celebrated, however, as a rail- road centre, than for any peculiar industry. Bf.ll Plain, p. o., Marshall co., III.: 86 m. N. by E, Springfield. Bell Point, p. o., Giles co., Tirg.: 182 m. W. by S. Richmond. Bellport, p. v.. Suffolk co., A^. Y. : near Eire Place Cay, 138 m. S. S. E. Albany. Bellsburgit, p. v., Dickson co., Tenn.: on S. side of Harpelli r., a tributary of Cumberland r., 25 m. W. Nash- ville. Bell's Cross Roads, p. o., Louisa co., Virg. : 42 m. N. W. Richmond, " Bell's LANnmo, p. o., Monroe co., Ala.: on E. side of Alabama r., 76 m. S. W. Montgomery, Bell's Mines, p. o., Crittenden co., Ky. : 192 m, W. by S. Frankfort. Bell's Store, p. o., Fairfield dist., S. Car.: 87 m. N. Columbia. Bell's Valley, p. o,, Rockbridge co., Virg. : lis m. W. by N. Richmond. Bell Vale, p. o., Orange co., A^ FI ; 85 m. S. by "V7. Albany. Bellttlle, p. v., Hamilton co., Flor. : 78 m. E. Talla- hassee. Bellvxlle, p. v., and cap. Austin co., 7hr. ; on Pincy fork of Brazos r., 7S m. E. by S. Auatln Cily. Belmont county, OMo. Situate E. on the Ohio r., and contains 536 sq. m. The interior is drained by Wheeling, M'Mahon's, and Captina creeks, and conlains the sources of several of the tributaries of Muskingum r. Surface ele- vated, hilly, and broken, but soils good. Farms 2,552; m.-muf. ls5 ; dwell. 5.82S, and pop.— wb. 33,7GG, fr. col. S34 —total 34.6')0. Caintal:SU Clairsvillc. Pvllic Worku: Central Ohio R. R. Bklmont. p. 0., Snmter co., Ala. : 3 m. W. Tombigbce r., and 99 W. by N. Montgomen-. Belmont, p. o., Pike co., lU.: 69 m. W. by S. Spring- field. Bklmont, p. o., Crawford co., Arl:: 123 m. W. N. W. Little Roek. Belmont, p. o., Gonzales co., Ttxr. : 61 m. S. Austin City. BEL BEN Belmont, I. and p. v., Viahht co., M''.: Z'i m. E. by N. Augusta. Belmost, p. o., Panola co., JIfiss. : on N. "W. side of Tallahatchie r., 119 m. N. by E. Jackson. Bblmoxt, p. 0., Belmoat co., 0/uo: 103 m. E. C<^Iimi- bus. Pop. 105. Belmont, p. v., Newberry diat, S. Qir.: on N. E. eide of Lime r., 57 m. N. W. Columbia. Belmont, p. v., Fayette co., Term.: on a head cr. of Loosahatchie r., 143 m. W. S, "ff. Nashville. Belmont, p. o., Loudua co., Virg.: Ill m. N. Eieh- mond. Beloit, t. and p. t., Rock co., Wise: on both sides of Eock r., at the junction of Turtle cr.. 42 m. S. by E. Mad- ison. It has several mills, maehiiie-shnjjs, and a prosper- ous college, and nunibers about :J,0i)O itiliabitanta. The "Beloit Journal'' (whig) is issued weekly. A branch of the Galena and Chicago TTiiion K. K. extends to Beloit. In the vicinity are many of th'ise mounds which abound in the West. Pop. 2,730. Belpbe, t and p. v., "Washington co., 0/n'o : on the Ohio r., opposite Parkersburg, ST m. E. S. E. Cnlumbus. The t. occupies a beautiful meadow, as ita French name implies. Blonnerhasset. Island, the rendezvous of Aaron Burr and his co-patriots, lies a little below the v. Belpr§, from its position, will hereafter become an important railway centre — it is the point at which the Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg II. K. will meet with the North-western li. P., a branch of the Baltimore and Ohio R. P., by which a di- rect n^ute from Cincinnati to Baltimore, 517 m. long, will be effected. Pop. \62.3. Beltsvtllk, p. v., Prince George's co., Md. : on Wash- ington branch of Baltimore and Ohio P. P., 27 m. W. S. W. Baltimore, and IS W. by N. Annapolis. BELTinEar:, p. v., and cap. Boone co., III. : on K. branch of Kishwaukee r., and on tlie line of the Galena and (Chica- go Union P. R., 78 m. W. Chicago, and 193 m. N. N. E. Springtield. It is a flourishing town of some 2,000 inhab- itants. BELvmEUE, t. and p. v., Laraoelle co., Venn. : on a branch of Lamoelle r., at the W. base of the Green mts., S;3 ra. N. Montpelier. Pop 25(^. Belvidere, p. v., and cap. Warren co., y. Jef. : on the E. side of Delaware r., 45 m. N. N. W. Trenton, and on the Belvidere and Delaware R. R. It is destined to become an important cntrep6t of commerce between Philadelphia and N. W. New Jersey. Two newspapers, the "Warren Jour- nal" (dem.), and the " Warren Intelligencer" (whig), are issued weekly. Bem, p. o., Greene co., Tn.se..- 26 m. S. by W. Madison. Beman'k Cp.039 Road3, p. o., Sampson co., iVI Cc*/'. .' 62 m. S. E. Ealcigh. Bemis Ckeek, p. o., Cambria co., P<^/in. : 103 m. W. Har- risburg. Bemds' irEiGiiTS, p. v.. Saratoga co., iV! Y.: on W. side of Hudson r.. 22 m. N. ^\JI)any. Noted in Iiistory as the scene of warlike operations in the Revolutionary War. Benbrook's iliLus, p. 0., Izard co., ArK: : S7 m. N. Little Eock. Bent>ersvtllb, p. v., Adams co., Penn.: 33 tn. S. W. Harrtsburg. Bendt's Landing, p. o., Tyler co., Ttx. : 194 m. E. by S. Austin City. Benedict, p. v., Charles co., 2fd.: on W. side Patuxent r., 82 m. B. by W. Annapolis. Benela, p. o., Chickasaw co.. Miss. : 133 m. N. E. Jack- son. Benevola, p. T., Washington co., Md. : 46 m. N. W. Annapolis. Benevola, p. T., Pickens co., Ala.: 117 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. Benezeite, p. 0., Elk CO., Penn.: 12S m. W. N. W. Ilar- risburg. Benfoud's Store, p. o., Somerset co., Prnxn.: 12o m. W. by 8. Ifarrisburg. Bengal, t and p. v., Clinton co.,J/ic7i. ; on Stony cr. of Grand r., 13 m. N. W. Lansing. P«p. 1-1:?. Benuaden, p. o., Wakulla co., Fioi\ : 2G m. S. W. Talla- hassee. Benicia. p. v., and cap. Solano co., Calif. : on N. W. side ofiSuisun Bay, 4 m. E. Vallejo. BENNETTSiiaRtt, p. V., Tompklns co., Nl Y. ;17'i m. W. by S. Albany. Bennett's Cobnees, p. o., Madisou co., iV". Y. : 110 m. W, by N. Albany. Bennett's Coeneus, p. c, Jackson co., Mick.: 85 m. S. W. Lansing. Bennett's Cheek, p. o., Steuben co., A^. 1'. ; 209 m. W. by S. Albany. Bennett's Feeet, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn. : 54 m. E. by N. Nashville. Bennett's Mills, p. o., Lewis co., Virg. : IsT m. N. W. Richmond. Bennett's Eivee, p. c, Fulton co., ArA: : 113 m. N. Lit- tle Rock. Bennettsville, p. v., St. Clair co., Ala. : 100 m. N. Mont- gomery. Bennettsville, p. v., Chenango co., iV. Y. : 101 m. W, Albany. Bennettsvili-e, p. v., and cap. Marlborough dist., S, Car. : 97 m. N. E. Columbia. Bennettsville, p. v., Clark co., Ind.: 91 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Bennington county. Verm. Situate S. W. on the Stato line, and contains 612 sq. m. Drained in the W. by Iloosio r. and Batten Kill, in the E. by West and Deerfield rivers. Surface traversed by mountains. Lead and iron abound, aiwl also quarries of beautiful marble. Lands better adapt- ed to grazing than tillage, although In the W. there are several fertile valleys. Farms 1,397; manuf. 147; dwell. 3.404, and pop.— wh. 1^.512, fr. eol. 77— toUil 13,5S9. Cap- Hal: Manchester. Public Works: Western Vermont R. R. ; Bennington Branch R. R. ; and the Bennington and New York E. R. Bennington, p. v., Ilillsbarough co., K I/amp. : 2S m. S. W. Concord. Bennington, p. v., Marion CO., la.: on N. side of Des Moines r., SS m. W. by S. Iowa City. Bennington, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., Al Y. : on Cay- uga and Tonawanda creeks, 253 m. W. Albany. P. 2,400. Bdnnington, p. v., Shiawassee co., Mich. : on N. side of Looking-glass r., 23 m. N. E. Lansing. BENNaNGTON, t. and p. v., Morrow co., Ohio : 83 m. N. by E. Columbus. Fop. I,2ii5. Bennington, p. v., Switzerland CO., Ind. : 90 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Bennington, t. and p. v., Bennington co., Venn.: on a branch of Iloosic r., 9S m. S. by W. Montpelier. It h.ia several mills, furnaces, and factories; and two newspapers, the "State Banner" (whig), and the ''Vermont Gazette" (dem."), published weekly. A branch of the Western Ver- mont R. E. comes to the v- from N. Bennington. P. 3,923. Bennington Centhe, p. o., Bennington co., Verm.: 99 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Benson, p. v., Hamilton co., K. T; ; on Sacandaga r., 53 m. N. W. Albany. Benson, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Venn. : on Lake Champlain, 54 m. S. W. Montpelier. Pop. 1,305. Benson's Landing, p. o., Rutland co., TV/v;;..- 50 m. 3. W. Montpelier, The lake is here about a mile wide. Bent Cheek, p. o., Appomattox co., Vlr. : Tl ni. W. by S. Eichmond. Bentivoolio, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg. : 66 m. W. by N. Richmond. Bentley'3 Coen-xrs, p. o., Jefferson co., K Y. : 142 m. N. W. Albany. 6S BEN BER Bextlet Cheek, p. o., Bradford «o., I'tinn.: 118 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. BENTLEVTII.I.B, p. V., Wasbington »o., Peim.: 993 m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. Benton counly, Ala. Situate N. E., and contains 1,0S0 eq. m. DraiiH'd by tbc head waters of Tallapoosa r. and several creeks of Coosa r. Surface generally elevated, leTel, or undulating. Well wooded on the streams; and soils highly fertile, producing wheat, Indian corn, and cotton. Gold is found within Uiis county. Farms 1,227 ; manuf. 31 ; dweU. S,1SS, and pop.— wh. 18,-39T, ft. col. 8, sL 8,703— total 17,163. Ct/pi'te;.' Jacksonville. Benton county, Ark, Situate N. W. comer, and con- tains 1,020 sq. ra. Drained by the head streams of White and Illinois rivers, the latter a tributary of Arkansas r. Surface hilly and broken. Soils indifferent. Farms 295 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 572, and pop.— wh. 8,506, Ir. col. 1, si. 201 — total 3,710. Capital : Bentonville. Benton county, Flor. Situate W. of E. Florida, on the gulf, being bounded E. by Withlacoochee r. Drained by a number of streams falling to the sea. Surface flat. Soils adapted to rice, cotton, and sugar. Farms S2 ; dwell. 113, and pop.— wh. 604, ft. col. 0, s!. 322— total 926. Capital: Melendez. Benton county, ImJ. Situate N. W., and contains 360 sq. m. Big and Little Pine creeks, which fall into the Wabash and Sugar cr., a tributary of the Illinois, drain the greater part of the coimty. Surface level or undxilating, and mostly prairie. Wheat, Indian com, and oats are the staple growths . Mt. Nebo and Mt. Gilboa, are noted mounds in the N. part of the county. Famis 149; dwell. ISO, and pop.— wh. 1,144, fl-. col. — total 1,144. ai^ntal: O.v- ford. Benton conntj-, Ta. Situate centrally, and contains 720 eq. m. Dramed by Cedar r. and its creeks. Surface level or undulating— prairie chiefly, and very productive. Farms 67; dwell. 121, and pop.— wh. 672, fr. col. 0— total 672. Capital : Vinton. Benton county, 3Ilnn. Situate E. side of Mississippi, and contains about 3,000 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of the Mississippi. Surface varied, and many lakes. Timber of all kinds plentiful. Farms 20; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 71, and pop.— wh. 410, tr. col. 2— total 413. Cap- ital : Sauk Eapids. Benton county, 3Io. Situate W. centrally, and contains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by Osage r. and its tributaries. Sur- face rolling— in some parts hilly .and well timbered ; prairie covers three-fourths of the whole. The soils are exceed- ingly fertile, and produce abundantly wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco, with some cotton. Farms 510 ; manuf 10 ; dwell. 7S9, and pop.— wh. 4,546, fr. col. 9, si. 460— total, 5,115. Capital: Warsaw. Benton county, Oreg. Situate W. between the racifle Ocean and tbo Willamette r., and drained chiefly by Mary's r., and other tributaries of the Willamette. Mt. Snclling, near the centre of the co., is Iho loftiest eminence. Soils along the WiUamette valley exceedingly fertile, and the water- power afl'orded by that stream of great value. Contains 16,000 sq. m. Farms 110 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 149, and pop. — wh. 810, tr. col. 4— total, 814. Capital: MarysN-ille. Benton county, Tenn. Situate N. W., and contains 3S0 sq. m. Drained by Big S.andy and other creeks of Tennes- see r., which lies on the E. border. Surface level or undu- lating, and soils generaUy fertile, producing abundantly grain and tobacco. Farms 706 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 984, and pop.—wh. 5,931, tr. col. 21, si. 363— total, 6,315. Capital: Camden, rublic Worku : several .E. K's. are projected, centering at Camden ; one from Nashville, one to HoUy Springs, and one westward, via Dresden, to the Mississippi. Bexton, p. T., Lowndes co., Ala. : 28 m. S. W. Mont- gomery. Benton, p. v., and cap. Saline CO., Ark. : on N. Side of EaUne r., 24 m. S. W. LitUe Kock. 61 Benton, p. v., Elkhart co., In— total, ]1,T71. Capital: Marliusbury;h. Public Wurki^ : B.iUiniore and Ohio li. K. Eei'.klkt, t. and p. v., Bristol ec, Mass. : on Taunton r., 49 m. S. W. lioston. Top. 90s Bekklky, p. v., Madison co., Ala.: 1C9 m. N. Mont- gomery. Beukley, p. v., Washita co.. Ark. : 1-1 ra. S. by E. Little Eook. Berkeley Springs, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Vlfg. Becks county, Penn. Situate H. E., and contains 1,020 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Schuylkill r., which passes tUroutrh it. Surface diversifled ; mouTitains in N. W., and the soils generally fertile ; coal and iron abundant Atiri- cullural staples, wheat, corn, and rye. Farms 4,TS0 ; manuf. l,'2S(i; dwell. 12,931, and pop.— wh. T6,57G, fr. col. n53— total, 77,129. Cajntal : lioading. PuUic Works : rhiladelphia and Reading R. R. ; Schuylkill Navigation; and Union Canal. Berksuire county, Mass. Situate "W. on State line, and contains 1,400 sq. m. Drained by Ilousatonic and lloosic rivers. Surface broken, being traversed by Green mifl. : soils moderately fertile, and capable of cultivation to tlie hill tops. Farms 2,S9T; manuf. 387 ; dwell. 8,638, and pop. — wh. 4S,332, fr. col. 1,259— total, 49,591. Capital : Lenox. Puhlic Works : Ilousatonic E. R. ; Western R. R. ; Pitts- flekl and Xorth Adams R. R. ; Troy and Boston R. R., etc. Berkshire, p. v., Kane co., III. : 163 m. N. E. Spring- field. Berkshire, p. v., Tioga co., iV T.: 143 ra. W. N. W. Albany. BERKsnTEE, t. and p. v., Delaware co., Ohio : 23 m. N. by E. Columbus. Pop. l,r.55. Berkshire, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga.: 75 m. N. W. Milled geville. Bebksuiee, t. and p. v., Fmnklin co., Verm.: on Missis- que r., 4S m. N. Montpelier. Pop. 1,9JJ5. Berkshire Valley, p. v., Morris co., J^. Jer. : on Rock- away r.. 61 m. N. Trenton. Berlix, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : 12S m. "W. Montgomery. Berlix, p. v., Clinton co.,/Hf7. .-40 m.N. W. Indianapolis. Berlin, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn.: 12 ra. H. W. Hartford. The New Haven, Hartfljrd, and Springfield R. R. passes through the t., 25 m. N. New Haven. Pop. 1,S68. Berlin, t. and p. v., Marquette co., U'wc. .• on Fox r., 73 m. N. N. E. Madison. I'op. 1,0.^2. Berlin, p. v., Sangamon eo., III. : on tho Sangamon and Morgan R. R., 16 m. W. Springfield. Berlin, p. v., "Worcester co., Md. : near the head of Trap cr., 7S m. S. E. Annapolis. Berlin, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : on a branch of Assabet r., 32 m. W. by N. Boston. Poji. 866. Berlin, p. v., Coos co., IT. Ifavip. : on a branch of Am- monoosuc r., 84 m. N. Concord. The Atlantic and St. Law- rence R. R. passes through the town, 97 m. N. W. Portland. Berlin, t. and p. v., Rensselaer co., H. Y. : on Little Hoosic r., 22 m. E. Albany. Pop. 205. Berlin, t. and p. v., Hohnes co., Ohio: 74 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,452. Berlin, p. v., Somerset co., Penn.: 117 ni. W. 8. W. Harrisburg. Berlin, p. v.. Marshall co., Tenn. : about 3 ra. S. Duck r., and 42 S. Nashville. Berlin, p. t., Southampton co., Virg. : 51 m. S. by E. Richmond. Bkelin, t and p. v., Washington co., Vt^rvi. : on Onion r, 4 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The Vermont Central R. R. traverses the t. above and below Montpelier. Pop. 1.507. Berlin Centre, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 129 m. N. E. Columbus. I Berlin Cross Roads, p. o., Jackson co., Oliio: (,15 m. S. S. K. Columbus. Berlin Fali^, p. o., Coos co., iV. Uamp. : on Andros- coggin r., 87 m. N. by E. Concord. Berlinville, p. v., Erie co., Ohio : 97 ra. N. N. E. Columbus. Bermuiuan, p. v., Adams co., Pfnm. : 21 m. S. by W. Harri.sl)urg. Bernadoite, p. v., Fulton co., III. : on Spoon r., 57 m N. W. Harrisburg. Bernalillo county, N. Mese^. Situate centrally on the Rio Grande, by the tributaries of which it is drained. Farms 164; dwell. 1,6S4, and pop.— wh. 7,749, fr. col. 2— total, 7,751. Capital : Bernalillo. Bernardstown, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Masfi. : on W. side of Connecticut r., 76 m. W. by N. Boston. The Bratr tleborough Branch of Vermont and M:is3aehu setts R. R., and the Connecticut River R. E. form a junction in this locality. Pop. 937. Berne, t. and p. v., Albany co., N. Y. : 17 m. W. Alba- ny, on Fox's cr. of Schoharie cr. Pop. 3,441. Berne, p. v., Monroe co., Ohi<} : 10$ in. E. by S. Colum- bus. Bernbard's Bat, p. v., Oswego co., N.Y.:A\ m. W. N. W. Albany. Pop. 3.441. Berntille, p. v., Berks co., Penn.: on W. siile Schuyl- kill r., 51 ni. E. by N. Harrisburg. Berrien county, Mic?i. Situate S. W. comer, and con- tains 576 sq. m. Drained by Pawpaw, St. Josejdi, and Oa- lien rivers. Surface various : the valleys have a rich loimiy soil, and timber grows heavily. Farms 690; manuf. 64; dwell. 2,126, and pop.— wh. 11,17^^, fr. col. 23lt— total. 1 1.417. Capital: Berrien Spring. Puhlic Works: Central Michi- gan R. R. Berrien Springs, p. t., and cap. Berrien co., Mit-h. Berry, p. o., Dane co., 117,*^. Berrtsburq, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. : 81 m. N. Har- risburg. Berrv'8 Ferry, p. o., Livingston co., Ky. : on Ohio r., opposite Golconda, 209 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Beurt'8 Lick, p. o., Butler co., Kij. : 132 m. S. W. Frank- fort. Berry's Mill, p. o., Union co., Ky. : 172 ra. W. by S. Frankfort. BERRY6VILLE, p. V., Knox CO. lud. : 97 m. S. W. Indian- apolis. Berryton, p. v., Cass co.. III. : on a cr. of Sangamon r., 29 m. N. W. Springfield. BERR'iTiLLE, p. V., aud Cap. Clarke co., Virg. : 111 m. N. by W. Richmond. Bersueba, p. v., Henry co., Ga. : 66 m. W. by N. Mil- led geville. Bebtib county, TT'. Car. Situate N. E. on Albemarle Sound, and contains 6S0 aq. m. Drained by tributaries of Chowan and Roanoke rivers, the latter of which bounds it 3. Surface low and marshy, and the soils productive of Indian corn and cotton. The pineries arc valua!>le for naval stores. Farms M2 ; manuf. 50 ; dwell. 1,070, and pop.— wh. 5,344, fr. col. 313, si. 7,194— total, 12,851. Capital: Windsor. BERTRANn, t. and p. v., Berrien co., Mich.: on St. Joseph r.. 9S m. S. W. Lansing. Berwick, p. v., Warren CO., i?/. ; on W. fork f)f S[)oon r.. s:3 m. N. W. Springfield. Berwick, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : 83 m. N. by W. Columbus. Berwick, p. v., Columbia co., Ponti.: on Susquelianna r. 63 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Pop. 486. Berzelia, p. v., Columbia co., Ga. : on the line of the Georgia R. R., 21 ra. W. Augu.sfa, and G> m. E. by N. Milledgeville. Bertland, p. 0., Essex co., Virff. : 51 m. N. E. Rich- mond. Bethaiiy, t. and p. t.. New Haven co., Conn. : on W. 05 BET BlU side of ConnecUcut r., 2" m. S. S. W. Hartford. Pop. 914. BETKAi-y, p. T., Panda co., Tic. ; 292 m. N. E. Austin City. Bethant, t. and p. v., Genesee co., X. Y. : on Little Tonawauda and Blaclc creeks, 229 m. W. Albany. The Buffalo and New York City E. E. passes tUrough. P.1,004. Bethany, p. T., BuUcr co., Oliui. : »9 m. W. S. Vf. Co- lumbus. Bethany, p. v., and cap. Wayne Co., J^enn. : on Dyberry cr., 123 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Bethany, p. t., Brooke CO., Tirg. : 252 m. N. W. Eich- mond. Bethany, p. v., and cap. Uarrison co., 3fo. : on Big cr. of the W. fork of Grand r., 15:3 m. N. \V. Jetrcrson City. Bethany Cuuech, p. o., Iredell co., Al Car. : IIT m. TV. Kalcigh. BETHAi'iA, p. v., stokes CO., IT. Car. : 100 m. Vf. by N. Baleigh. Bethania, v., Lancaster co, Penn. : 43 ni. E. by S Harrisburg. Has a printing and book-binding establish- ment and other manufactures, and about 40 dwellings. Bctiiel, p. v., Fairfield co.. Conn. : 53 m. 8. W. Hart- ford, and on the Danbiiry and Norwalk E. E., 19 m. N. Norwalk. Bethel, p. v., Glynn eo., Ga. : near the mouth of Alata- maha r., 153 m. S. E. MUlcdgeville. Bethel, p. v., Morgan co.. III. : on the line of the Sanga- mon and Morgan E. E., 45 m. W. Springfield. Bethel, p. v., Bath co., Kt/. : 69 m. E. Frankfort. Bethel, t. and p. v., O.xford eo.. Me. : on the Androscog- gin r., 49 m. W. Augusta, and on the Atlantic and St. LawTcnce P.. E., 70 m. from Portland. Pop. 2,2,')3. Bethel, p. v., Shelby co., Mo.: 92 m. N. Jefferson City. Bethel, p. t., 'Wayne eo., Itid. : 60 m. E. Indianapolis. Bethel, t. and p. v., Sullivan CO., A'. 1'. .• on branches of Delaware r., 113 m. S. W. Albany. Pop, 2,087. Bethel, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : 86 m. 8. W. Indian- apolis. Bethel, p. t., Berks CO., Penn. : 51 m. E. Harrisburg. Bethel, p. v., York disl., S Car. : 79 m. N. Columbia. Betoel, t. and p. v., Windsor CO., rerm. : on TVhite r,, 29 m. S. by W. Monlpelier. The t. contains a valuable soapstone quarry. The Vermont Central E. E. passes through the t., 39 m. from Windsor. Pop. 1,730. Bethel, p. v., Mercer co., Vtrg. : 20S m. W. Eiehmond. Betuesda, p. v., Williamson co., Tenn. : 24 m. S. Nash- ville. Bethlehem, t. and p. v., Litclifleld co.. Conn. : 81 m. W. Hartford. Pop. 815. Bethlehem, p. v., Sumter disf., ^S*. Car. : 41 m. E. Co- lumbia. Bethlehem, p. v., Clarke CO., Tnd. : 87 m. S. S. E. In- dianapolis. Bethlehem, t. and p. v., Grafton co., .?r. ITamp. : on Ammonoosuc r., 72 m. N. by W. Concord. Pop. 952. Bethlehem, p. v., Gilmer co., Tirg. : 213 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. Betblehem, t. and p. t., Hunterdon co., iK Jer. : 37 m. N. by W. Trenton. Pop. 2,740. Bethlehem, p. v., Marshall co., Mhit, : 168 m. N. .Tackson. Bethlehem, t and p. v., Albany co., J^. T.: on Nor- manskiU, etc., 5 m. S. Albany. Pop. 4,102. Bethlehem, p. v., Columbus Co., Ala.: 63 m. E. by N. Montgomery. Bethleiie-m, t. and p. v., Northampton co., Penn. : on Lehigh r., at the mouth of Manokiey cr., S3 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Settled by the Moravians in 1741, and still one of their principal localities. Pop. 1,516. Bethlehem Centre, p. v., Albany Co., A'! Y. Bethmont, p. v.. Orange co., M Car. ; 43 m. N. W. Ealeigh. BETreviLLE, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio: on a branch of Sandusky r., 85 m. N. by W. Columbus. BEOLAit, p. o., Johnson co.. A' Car. : 23 m. E. Ealeigh. Bevans, p. v., Sussex co., M Jer. : S9 m. N. Trcntnn. Betebly, p. v., Adams co., HI. : 73 m. W. Springfield. Beveely, p. v., Burlington co., A'. Jer. Beverly, t, p. v., and sea-port, Essex eo., JAij^a. ; 16 m. N. by E. Boston. It lies on the N. side of the bay, oppo- site Salem, with which it is connected by a bridge, 1,500 feet long, over which the Eastern E. E. passes. A railroad also extends hence to Gloucester. Shipping owned in the district 3,173 tons, all in the coasting trade. Pop. 5,376. Beverly, p. v., Anson CO., A". Ca-r.: on Big Brown cr. of Yadkin r., 87 m. N. E. Ealeigh. Beverly-, p. v., Washington CO., Ohio : on N. side of Muskingum r., 7S m. E. S. E. Columbus. Beverly, p. v., and cap. Eandolph co., Virg. : on the E. fork of Monongahela r.. 165 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. Beverly Farms, p. o., Essex co., jl/iws. ; 18 m. N by E. Boston. Bevts' Tavern, p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio: 106 m. S. W. Columbus. Bewleyvtlle, p. v., Breckenridge co., ATy. ; 112 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Bexar county. Tap. Situate W., and contains about 120,000sq.m. It extends from 2SOto 86°30',and embraces all the country from the organized counties to the Pecos r. All the great interior rivers of Texas have their sources within its territory. Surface in the S. part, undulating or rolling prairie, interspersed with oak-openings and groves. On the N. ranges of hills run E and W., forming a water- shed between the streams of the E. and S. W. Lime and sandstone abundant, and Uiere are several mineral springs. Soil, a dark, sandy, calcareous loam, rich and productive. The southern part is only occupied. Farms 117 ; manut 13; dwell. 1,204, and pop.— wh. 5,635, fr. col. 23, si. 889— total, 6,052. Capital: San Antonio. Bexae, p. v., Marion Co., Ma.: 150 m. N. W. Mont- gomery. Bibb county, A!a. Situate centrally, and contains 864 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Catawba r., which trav- erses the county centrally. Surface moderately undulating, and the soils, especially on the rivers, fertile. Products va- rious, Indian corn and cotton being the principal. Farms 654; manuf 13; dwell. 1,153, and pop. — wh. 7,097, fr. col. 11, si. 2,S61— total 9,969. Capital: Centreville. Bibb county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 4.32 sq- m. Drained by Ockmulgee r. and its tributaries. Surface uneven. .Soils generally sandy, but near the streams highly fertile, producing fine cotton. Farms 308 ; manuf. 82 ; dwell. 1,234, and pop.— wh. 7,009, fr. col. 53, si. 5,687— total, 12,699. Capital : ^lacou. Public M'brks: Central GGore^Si E. E. ; Macon and Western E. E. ; and South-western E. E. Bickley's Mills, p. o., Eussell co., Virg. : 267 m. W. by S. Eiehmond. IiiDPEFORD, p. v., York CO., M^. : on S. side of Saco r., lit its mouth, 67 m. S. W. Augusta. The *' Mercantile Adver- tiser" (whig), is issued weekly. The Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth E. E. passes through the t., 36 m. from Ports- mouth and 15 from Portland. Pop. 6.095. BiDWELL's Bare, p. o.. Butte co., Calif.: on middle fork of Feather r., 113 m. N. by E. Vallejo. Bienville parish. La. Situate N. W. of W. dist.. having Lake Bistcneau for its W. border, and contains 1.O80 sq. m. Drained by Grand Bayou and the creeks Black Lake, Sa- line, and others, tributaries of Ecd r. Surface, a ])lateau somewhat elevated: soils fertile, producing excellent cot- ton. Farms 2ri ; manuf 2 ; dwell. 571, and pop.— wh. 3,62-3, fr. col. 21, 8l. 1,395— total, 6,539. Capital: Mount Lebanon. Bio Bar, p. o.. Trinity co., Calif. Big Barren, p. o., Claiborne CO., Tenn. : on N. side of Clinch r., 176 m. E. Nashville. BIG BIN Rig Ueateh, p. o., Oakland co., Mich. : bO m. E. Lan- sing;. Big Ben-d, p. o., Gilmore co., Viri/.: 280 ra. "W". N. W. nichmnniJ. Bill Bend, p. o., Tenango cck, Petin. : 157 m. "W. N. W. IlarrisburfT. Big Besd, p, o., 'Waukeslia co., Wi-sr.: ^S lu. V,'. Madison. Big Bend, p. o., Avoyelles par., Za.: "S ui. N. "W. Baton Boiige. Big Bexp, p. o., 'Whitesiilca ca, ///. ; on a penin.sula of Eock r., V-id m. N. gpringfield. Big Brook, p. o., Oneida co., X. T. : OT ni. W. by N. Albany. BiGBT FonK, p, o., Monroe ca, Mm.: 121> m. ;?J. E. Jackson. BiGBYTiLi.B, p. v., Maury co., T<^nn. : on a or. of Diu-fc r, 47 m. S. by ^y. NiLshville. Big C.v>-e, p. o., Bt. Landry par., Za. : 5S m. 'W. Baton Eouge. Big Cedar, p. o., Jackson co., Mo. : 123 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. Big Clifty, p. c, Hardin co., A'y. ; G7 m. "W". by S. Frankfort, Big Creek, p. o., rhili|)s co., Arl: : 62 m. E. S. E. Little Eock. Big Creek, p. o., Fort Bend, Ttw.: ICiS m. E. by 9. Austin City. Big Creek, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga. : S3 m. N. W. Mil- IeJo;eville. Big Creek, p. o., Eapldes par., Za. : 107 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. Big Creek, p. o., Johnsoa CO., Mo. : S3 m. W. Jefferson City. r.iG Creek, p. o., Stokes co., A'". Car.: 102 m. W. by N. Ealeigh. Big Creetk, p. o., Tallabusha co., Mm.: 107 m. N. by E. Jackson. Big Creek, p. c, Shelby co-, Tenti. .- on a cr. so called, Vj> ni. "W. by S. Nashville. Big Cehuc, p. o., Ed^reflcld dist., .SI Car.: 53 m. W, Columbia. BiGELOw's Mills, p. o., La Porte co., Ind. : 131 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Big Falls, p. c, Orange co., K. Car. : 31 m. "W. by N. Ealeigh. Big Flattr, t. and p. o., Chemung co.. A'. Y.: on Che- mung r., 193 m. W. S. W. Albany. The N. Y. and Erie E. E. passes through the t, 293 m. from New York City, and 17i5 m. from Dunkirk; also the navigable feeder of the Chemung Canal. Pop. 1,709. Big Foot Pk^urie, p. o., Walworth co.. Wi.sc. Big Glades, p. c, Kussell co., Virg.: 2^7 m. W. by S. Eiehmond. Big Hill, p. o., Madison co., A'y. ; 51 m. 3. E. Frank- fort. Big Hollow, p. o., Greene co., K T.: 39 m. S. "W. Albany. Bi6 IsLAXD. t. and p. v., Marion co., Ohio. : 4S m. N. by ■W. Columbus. Pop. 004. Big Island, p. o., Bedford co., Virg., 113 m. W. by S. Richmond. Big Laurel, p. o., Yauccy co., X. Car. : on a cr. so call- ed, 219 m. W. Ealeigh. Big Lick, p. o., Eoanoke co., Tirg.: 13G m. W. by S. Richmond. Big Meadow, p. o., Grayson co., Ylrg. : 217 m. "W. S. "W. Richmond. Big Mills, p. o., Dorchester co., Md.: on Chicamaco- mico cr, 69 m. S. E. Annapolis. Big Neck, p. o., Adams co., TU. : 89 m. "W. Springfleld. Big Oak, p. o., Kemper co., MUs.: 102 m. E. N. E. Jackson. Big I'LAiiN, p. 0., Madison co., Ohio: 'Mi m. S. W. Columbus. Big Pond, p. o., Fayette Co., Ala. : I;j3 m. N. W. Mont- gomery. Big Pkairie, p. o., "WajTie oo., Ohio: 47 ra. N. E. Columbus. Big Keady, p. o., Edmondson oo., A'y. .• luS m. 8. W. Frankfort. Big I;iver Mill^^, p. a, St. Francois co.. Mo.: 9S m. E. S. E. JetTL-rsun City. Big Eock, p. o., Kane co.. III. : on a cr. so called, a trib- utary of Eock r., SOS m. N. E. Springfield. Big Sandy river: rises in the Alleghany Mountains, near the head waters of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, ami falls into the Ohio between Virginia and Kentucky, being tlie bnmuiary between these Stales for nearly 200 m. It is navigable to the Wascioto Mountains. The E. and W. branches join about 40 m. above its entrance to the Ohio. Big Skin Creek, p. o., Lewis co., Virg.: 1^7 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. Big Si'RiNG, p. o., Marshall co., Ala.: 143 m. N. Mont- gomery. * Bui String, p. o., Pocahontas co., Virg. : 14T m. W. by N. Eiehmond. Bn? Si'RiKG, p. o., Breckenridge co., A"y. ; S5 m. W. S. W. Franklin. Big Spring, ]>. o., Cumberland co., Penn. : 42 m. N. E. I-Iarrist)urg. Big Si'ki.vo, p. o., Montgomery co., Mo.: 47 m. N. E. Jeffer.son City. Big Spuing, p. o., Ottawa CO., MicJi. : 57 m. W. by N. Lansing. Big Spring, p. o., Wilson co., Temt. : 20 m. E. Nashville. Big Speing, p. o., Shelby co.^IU.: 67 m. S. E. Sprmg- fleld. BiG^ Springs, p. o., La Porte co., Ind. : 12s m. N. W. Indianapolis. Big Strea-m Point, p. o., Yates co., y. T. : 1>>7 ni. W. Albany. Big Swamp, p. o., Columbus co., A'; Ca7\: 117 m. S. B. Ealeigh. Big Tree Coen-ebs, p. o., Erie co.. A". T. : 349 m. W. Albany. Big Woods, p. o., Calcasieu par., Za. : 130 m. W. Baton Eouge. Big Woods, p. o., Du Page co., III. : 193 m. N. E. Springfield. BiLLERirA, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Ma-is.: on Con- cord and Shawaheen r., IS m. N. W. Boston. Tlie Mld.De- sex Canal and Lowell and Boston E. E. pa-is through the E. part of the town. Jt» manufactures are large, and its lacilities for increasing them immense. Pop, 1,0I(). Bplling's Grove, p. c, Livingston co., III.: S7 m. N. E. Springfield. BiLLiNGSVTLLE, p. V., Union CO., Ind.: 69 m. E. Indian- apolis. EiLosi, p. v., Harrison co., Miss. : on Point Caddo, of Bibfxi Bay, 149 m. S. by E. Jackson. The ''Sea-sborc Sentinel" is issued weekly. BiLoxr, p. v., Newton co,, Tex.: 232 m. E. Austin City. BiNGHAii, t. and p. o., Somerset co.. Me.: on E. side of Kennebec r., 42 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 7.52. BiNGn.wi, t. and p. v.. Putter co., Penn.: 1G9 m. N. W. Harrisburg. BiNGiiAMPTON, p. v., Le© CO., III.: 132 ni. N. l>y E. Springfield. BiNGHAMPTON, p. V., and cap. Broome co., K. Y. : at the junction of the Chenango and Susquehanna r. It is one of the most important inland villages of the State. The New York and Erie E. E. passes through it, 225 ni. from New York City, and it is the S. terminus nf the Chenango Ciinal. Eailroads will also be built from this point to Albany, Utiea, and Syracuse. Four papers are published 67 BIN in the village— 1 daily and 3 weetly. The v. is handsomely laid out, and has several fine buildings and bridges. Its trade with the surrounding country is Tery extensive, and is constantly increasing. BiNKLEv's Brihge, p. o., Laucastef CO., Peim.; 37 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. BiRcuARDTiLLE, p. V., SusquchauDa CO., PeTvn. ; 134 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. BiRooErrevii.i.E, p. v., Cleveland co^ JT. Oar. : 139 m. S, W. Raleigh. BiEon Pond, p. o., Crawford CO., M>. : 53 m. S. E. Jef- ferson City. BiEcn ErvHE, p. 0., Nicholas CO., Vlrg. : 185 m. W. by N. Kichmond. BiED, p. o., Hillsdalo co., Mich. : 67 m. S. Lansing. BiEDSAll., t. and p. o., Alleghany Co., X Y. : on Black cr., 231 m. W. by S. Albany. Pop. 507. BmnsBOROCon, p. v., Berks co., /Vnn, ; 6'2 m. E. by N. Harrisburgh. Bisn'8 Run, p. 0., Guernsey co., Ohio : 83 m. E. N. E. Columbus. BiEDsviLLE, p. v., Burke co., Ga. : 81 m. E. Milledge- Tiile. BiEMEianAM, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. ; 163 m. N. Mont- gomery. BiEjnsGHAJi, p. v., Pontotoc co., 3Im. : 163 m. N. N. E. Jackson. BiE,in.vGnAM, p. v., Schuyler co., Ill : on the W. side of Crooked cr. of Illinois r., 72 m. N. W. Springfleld. BiEMisonAii, p. v.. Van Biu-en co., la. ; 67 m. S. by W. Iowa City. BmMlSGnAM, p. T., Oakland co., Mich.: 70 m. E. by S. Lansing. It lies on the Detroit and I'ontiac li. 1;.,1S m. from the former place. BntMn(GnA.M, p. v., Erie co., Ohio : on W. side of Ver- million r., 96 m. N. Columbus. BiKMiNGHAM, p. V., Huntingdon co., Penn. : on W. branch of Little Juniata r., 96 tn. N. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. Lead and iron abound in the vicinity. Bishop Hill, p. v., Henry co.. III. : 98 m. N. by TT. Springfield. BisuoprrLLE, p. v., Sumter dist, S. Car. : 63 m. N. E. by E. Columbia. BiBSELL, p. 0., Calhoun co.. III. : 70 m. W. S. "W. Spring- field. Bbsel's, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 133 m. N. E. Co- lumbus. Brvi.NGsviLU!, p. v., Spartanburg dist., S. Car.: 89 m. N. W. Columbia. Blackdkeey, p. o., Sane co., lU. : 201 m. N. E. Spring- field. Black Bmn, p. o., Newcastle co., Del. .• 15 m. N. Dover. Black Bbook, t, and p. o., Clinton co., A'. Y. : on Saranac and An Sable r., and Black Br., 125 m. N. Albany. P. 2,525. Black Ckeek, p. o., Scriven co., Oa. ; 111 m. E. by S. Milledgeville. Black Ceeek, p. o., Luzerne co., Perm. : 93 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Black Ceeek, p. o., Sullivan co., Iiul. : on a cr. of ■Wabash r., so called, S3 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Black Ceeek, p. o., Holmes co., Ohio : 68 m. N. E. Columbus. Black Creek, p. v., Alleghany co., A\ Y.: on a cr. so called, 229 m. W. by 8. Albany. Black Ceeek, p. o., Wayno co., I^. Car. : id m. S. E. r.alfigh. Black Earth, p. o., Dane co., Wise. : on a river so called, 13 m. TV. Madison. Black Face, p. c, Nottoway co., Tirff. : 47 m. S. TV. Eiehmond. Blackfoed county, Irtd. Situate N. E., and contains 169 sq. ra. Surface level, but in some parts gently undulating, and the soils are excellent for farming purposes ; watered 6S BLA by the Salamonie and Lick rivers. Timber abuurUuil Farms 306 ; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 514, and pop.— wh. 2,3W. fr. col. 11— total, 2,860. Capital: Hartford. Black Foek, p. o., Hancock CO., iy. ; on a cr, so caUed, 114 m. W. Frankfort. Black Hawk county, la. Situate N. E. centrallv, and contains 766 sq. m. Drained by Cedar r. and its creeks. Surface undulating prairie, with some wood land. Farms 9 ; manut 1 ; dwell. 26, and pop.— wh. 135. fr. ool. 0— toial, lS&—Capikil: Cedar Falls. Black Hawij, p. o., Carroll CO., Mi^.: on Abyaca cr. of Tazoo cr., 69 m. N. Jackson. Black Hawk, p. o., Beavw oo., Penn.: 197 m. W. Ilar- risburg. BLACKHE-rn (/ormerli/ Coal Mixes), p. o., Chesterfield CO., rirg. : 12 m. W. Kichmond. Black Hill, p. o., Kaufman CO., Tfx. ; 310 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Black Hole, p. o., Lycoming CO., Penn. : S3 ni. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. Black Hoese, p. o., Chester co., Penn.: M m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. BLACJt Hoese, p. o., Middlesex co., K Jer. : 27 m E. N. E. Trenton. Black Jack, p. o., Fayette co., Tex. : at tho head waters of Navldad r., 02 m. 8. E. Austin City. Black Jack. p. o., Scott co., Ark. : 100 m. W. Little Rock. Black Jack, p. o., De Soto par., La. : 137 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Black Jack Grove, p. o., Hopkins co., Tii, : 256 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Black Lake, p. o., SL Lawrence co., JK r. .• on a lake so called, 152 m. N. E. Albany. Black Lake is a fine sheet of water, lying nearly parallel with the St. LaWTence r. ; at ita S. end it receives Indian r., and at ila N. end empties into Osweghatehie r., at the mouth of which is Ogdensburg, tho W. terminus of tho Northern E. E. Black Lajo), p. o., Tishemiugo co.. Miss. ; 193 m. N. E. Jackson. Black Lick, p. o., Indiana co., Penn. : 126 m. "VT. by N. Harrisburg. Black Mingo, p. o., Williamsburg dist, S. Car. : 77 m E. S. E. Columbia. Black Oak, p. o., Charleston dist., K. Car. : on an island so called of Santee r.. 61 m. E. 9. E. Columbia. Black Oak GkovB, p. o., Uardemau co., Tmn. : 139 m S. W. Nashville. Black Oak Pom-f, p. o., Hickory co., Mo. : 68 m. S. W. JcQerson City. Black river, N. T. : the third in Size wholly within the State. It rises in Herkimer co., has a course of 108 m., and empties into Blaek-rivcr Bay, at tho foot of Lake Ontario. At Leyden it falls 63 feet, whence to Carthage, 40 m., the r. is navigable for boats, but below to its mouth navig.ition is obstructed by rapids. From the falls, at Leyden, the Black River Canal extends S. to the Erio Canal at' Rome. Black Eitee, p. o., Jefferson co.. If. Y. : 133 m. N. TV. Albany. Black Ritee, t. and p. v., Lorain co., Oltio : on Black r. and Lake Erie, 108 m. N. N. E. Columbus, The v. has a good harbor and considerable trade. Pop. of I. 659. Black Eives Chapel, p. o.. New Hanover CO., X. Car.: 79 m. S. by E. Raleigh. Black Ritee Falls, p. o.. La Crosse co., Wi-so. : US m N. W. Madison. Black Rock, t. and p. o., Erio co., If. K ; on Lake Erie, 2.3S m. W. Albany. The city of Buflido is surrounded on three sides by the town. Several islands in the Niag.ara r. belong to Black Rock. Railroads extend hence to Niagara Falls and to Buffalo. Pop..7..'i08. Black Rook, p. o., Rappahannock co., Yirg. : 93 m. N. N. W. Richmond. BLA BLI Bla< ks ami Wuiti:^, p. o.. Nottuway, co., Virg.: 32 in. S. ^y. Kichmoml. Blacic's Bluff, p. v., Wilcox co., Ala. : on jUabama r., 73 ui. S. W. Muiitgomcry. Blaoksuuiuui. p. v., Montgomery co., Virg. : oa a cr. of Now r., 179 in. \V. by ^. Kiohinond. Bi-ACKsniRES, p. o., Muriuii co., Vi/y: 207 m. N. W. liiehmond. Blackstocks, p. 0., Chester dist., S. Cia. Black's Stoee, p. o., Tippah co., J/ias. ; 171 m. N. by E. Jackson. Blackstone (or Pawtucket) river: rises in Mass., and disembognes into Providence r., whore it famishes immense hydraulic power, and has been much used for manufactur- ing purposes. The Blackstone Canal, from Worcester to Providence, 45 m., follows the valley of this r. : it was completed in 1S29, and cost about $700,000. Blackstone, p. t-, Worcester co., Mu^s. : 33 m. S. W. Boston. Pop. 4,422. Black Swamp, p. o., Sandusky co., O/n'o: 92 m. N. by W. Columbus. Blacksville, p. v., Monongalia co., Vlri/. : near the Stale line, 217 m. N. W. liiehmond. Blacksville, p. v.. Barnwell dist., S. Ciir. : on the line of the South Carolina 11. K., 90 m. from Charleston, and 49 m. S. S. W. Columbia. Black Walnut, p. o., Halifax co., Virff. : 100 m. S. W. Eiehmond. Black Warrioe river, Ala. ; Is formed of two head branches, Locu.st fork, or E. Branch, and Mulberry r., which unite in 8. W. part of Jackson co. Below the junction the r. has a general S. and S. W. direction, SO m. to the Tom- bigbee r., which it meets iu the 8. of Greene co. Steam- boats navigate to Tuscaloosa ; and for boats there is sufli- ciont water much farther. The whole IcnglU of the r. is about 160 m. Blaci; Water, p. 0., Sussex co., Virg. : G7 m. S. S. E. Kichniond. Black Water, p. o,, Sussex co., Z>t/,; 51 m. S. Dover, Black Watek, p. o., Kemiier co., Jfiss. ; 104 m. E. N. E. Jack.son. Black Watek, p. o., Morgan co., Ay. ; 9S m. E. by S. Frankfort Blackwell*8 Islantj : in East r., between New York and Long Itland. The City Penitentiary, Lunatic Asylum, Clinch. Considerable hills bountl tlie valley of Scquatchy r., which runs through the county in a N. and S. dircclion. The grains, tnbaceo, and cotton are produced. Farms 325; manuf. 2; dwell. 854, and pop.— uh. 5,042, ir. col. 90, si. 827— total, 5,959. Cajntal: Pikeville. Bledsoe's Landincj, p. o., Crilten- liarie r., 85 m. S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,314. Bunk Bonny, p. o., St. Lawrence co, K. Y. : 13S m. N. K. Albany. C9 13U BLU Ulisu's Mills, p. o., Fraukliu co., Mo. : OJ m. E. Jcffcr- 8«vi City. Blissfield, t and p. v., Lenawee co., ^fU■?l. : on Eaisin r., and on the line of the Erie and Kalamazoo II, K., 22 in. from Toledo, and 74 m. S. E. Lansing. I'op. 9^ Blissville, p. v., Marshall co., Ind. : luG m. N. Indian- apolis. EussviLLE, p. v., JetTcrson co. IlL: 108 m. S. by E. Springfield. BnvEN MiLi^, p. c, M'ilenry co., HI. : Vil m. N. R Springtield. Block House, p. c, ScoU co., Yirg. : 257 m. W. by S. Kichinond. Block Isla>'d lies in the Atlantic Ocean 14 m. S. S. Vf. Judith Point. It constitutes the t of New Shoroham, Newport CO., S. I., and is S m. long and from 2 to 4 l>road. The surtaoe is unevon and occasionally elevated, and the soils sandy and gravelly loam moderately fertile. There are several ponds on the island. Formerly it was noted for its tiue cattle and dairies, but at the present time it is chiefly occupied by tishermen. Blockville, p. v., Chautauque co., ^V. Y. : 283 m. "W. S. "W. Albany. Bloodget Mills, p. c, Cortland co., 2i. Y.: 119 m. W. Albany. Blood's Point, p. o., De Kalb co., IH. : 242 m. N. by E. Springtield. Bloody Kun, p. o., Bedford co., Penn.: on Eaystown cr., 87 ra. W. S. W. Ilarrisbnrg. Bloom, p. o.. Cook co., III. : 251 ra. N. E. Springfield. Bloom, p. o., Kush Co., Ind.: 33 m. E. by S. Indian- apolis. Bloomfield, t. and p. v., Hartford co., C&mi. : on "Wood r., 7 m. N. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,421. Bloomfield, p. v., and cap. Greene co., Ind. : on the E. side of the W. fork of Wliile r., 65 m. B. W. Indianapolis. Bloomfield, p. v., Edgar co., III. : 152 ra. E. Springfield. Bloomfield, p v., Kemper co., Miss.: 93 m, E. N. E- Jackson. Bloomfield, p. v., and cap. Da-i'ia co., la.: 73 m. S. W. Iowa City. Bloosifield, p. v.. Nelson co., Ky. : 83 m. S. "W, Frank- fctft. Bloomfield, t. and p. o., Somerset co., Me. : on the Ken- nebec r., 29 ra. N. Augusta. Pop. 1,301. Bloomfield, p. v., and cap. Stoddart co., Mo. : 163 m. S. E. Jefl'erson City. Bloomfield, t. and p. v., Essex co., IT. Jer. : 49 m. N. E. Trenton. The v. is one of the most flourishing of the State. Pop. of t 3,3S5. Bloomfield, t. and p. v., Morrow co., Ohio : 51 m. N. by E. Columbus. Pop. 1,443. Bloomfield, t. and p. v., Cniwford co., Perm. : 197 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Bloomfield, p. v., Loudon co., Virg. : on Goose cr., 102 m. N. by W. Itichmond. Bloomfield, t. and p. v., Essex co., Venn : on "W. side of Connecticut r., and drained by branches of Nulhegan r., 63 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 244. Bloo-mfield, t. and p. v., Walworth co., Wise. : in S. E. corner of eo., 67 ni. S. E. Madison. Pop. S79. Bloomingbuegh, p. v., Sullivan co., A'. Y. : 82 m. S. S. "W. Albany. BLooMisGBUTiGn, p. V., Fayctto co., Oliio: on a branch of Paint cr., 31 m. S, S. W. Columbus. Bloominqdale, p. v., Passaic co.. If. Jer. : 63 m, N. E. Trenton. Bloomingdale, p. v., Cabel co., Vii'g. : 254 m. W. by N. Ricbmond. Bloomingdale, p. v., Du Page co., 77/. ; 247 m. N. E. Springfield. Bloomingdale, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio: 102 m. E. by N Columbus. 70 Bloomusg Grove, p. o., Franklin co., I/ul.: 62 ra. E. by S. Indianapolis. Blooming Gbove, t and p. o.. Orange co., A'". Y. : on Murderer's cr., 86 m. S. Albany. Newburg Branch li. II. traverses the N. "W. part of the t., and on the S. E. is the Scunnecunk mt. Pop. 2,184. Blooming Grove, p. o., Montgomery co., Tenn. : on a cr. so called, 49 m. W. by N. Nashville. Bloomings PORT, p. o., Eandolph co., Iiid. : 64 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. Bloomington, t. and p. v., "Winnebago co., Wise. : 63 m. S. E. Madison. Pop. 900. Bloomington, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Iiid.: on the line of the New Albany and Salem Extension E. B., 106 ra. from New Albany, and 46 m. S. "W. Indianapolis. The Indiana University is looated here; and the new.spapers published in the v. %re the " Reporter" and the " Herald," weekly, and the " Christian Record," monthly. Bloomington, p. v., Clinton co., Ohio: 57 m. S. W. Columbus. Bloomingtox, p. v., and cap. M'Lean co., lU. : S3 m. N. E. Springfield. The Illinois Central K. R., and the Chicago and Mississippi E. R. will intersect at this poinl. Bloomington, p. v., Morgan co., Ay. ; 102 m. E. Frankfort. Bloomington, p. v., and cap. Macon co.. Mo. : on middle fork of Chariton r., and on the line of the Hannibal and Missouri R. R., 86 m. N. Jefferson City. The "■ Bloomington Gazette" is published weekly. Bloomington. p. v., Tipton co., Tejm. : IGl m. "W. S. "W. Nashville. Blooming Valley, p. o., Crawford co., Penn.: 197 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. Bloomingville, p. 0., Erie co., Ohio: 97 m. N. by E. Columbus. BLOOMSBrBGn, p. v., Halifax CO., Virg.: on S. E. side of the Dan r., 117 m. S. W. Richmond. ELooMSBURcn, p. v., and cap. Columbia co., Penn. : on the E. or main branch of Susquehanna r., 69 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. It is a thriving village on the North Branch Canal, and publishes two newspapers, the " Columbia Democrat," and the " Star of the North." Pop. 1,515. Bloomsbury, p. v., Vrarren co., H. Jer. : on Musconecong cr., 32 m. N. by W. Trenton. Bloomtille, p. v., Delaware CO., K. Y. : on the W. side of the W. branch of Delaware r., 57 m. S. "W. Albany. Bloomville, p.v.. Will CO., 111. : on Rock cr., of Kankakee r., 240 ra. N. E. Springfield. Bloomville, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : 73 m. N. Colum- bus. Blossburg, p. v., Tioga co., Penn. : 100 m. N. by "W. Harrisburg. Bituminous coal, of excellent quality, abounds in the vicinity, and great facilities have been arranged for its transport to market by railroad and canal. Blossom Hill, p. o., Caddo parish, La. : 235 m. N. "W. Baton Rouge. Blount county, Ala. Situate N. centrally, and contains 940 sq. m. Drained by Locust and Mulberry forks of Black "Warrior r. Surface various— in the S. rolling and uneven, and in the N. somewhat hilly : soils of average! fertiJity. "Wheal, Indian corn, and cotton are the staple growths. Farms 753; manuf. 9; dwell. 1,127, and pop.— wli. 6,941, Ir. col. 0, si. 4a6~total, 7,367. CapiUd: Blountsville. Blount county, Tenn. Situate E. on the State line, and contains 810 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Tennessee r., which lies on the "W. border. Surface uneven — broken and hilly on the E., and the soils generally fertile. Iron is found herein. The products are the grains, with some tobacco and cotton. Farms 976 ; manuf. 3S ; dwell. 1,992, and pop. — wh. 11,183, fr. col. 115, si. l,0S4^total, 12,852- Capital: Maysville. Blount's Creek, p. o., Beaufort co., S. Car.: 92 m. E. S. E. Raleigh. BLO r.r.oDNT'6 Fkekv, p. 0., Columbia co., /'tor. / 03 m. E. Tallahassee. Blofnt's Speino, ji. 0., Blonnt CO., Ala. : 119 m. N. Montgomery. BLonsTSTOWN, p. v., Carlhoim Co., Flor. : 66 m. S. "W. TalHibassee. Bi.ouNTsnLiE, p. v., and cap. Blonnt CO., Ala.: on a cr. of Mulberry fork of Black Warrior r., 117 m. N. Mont- comery. " Blountstilie, p. v., Henry co., Inrl. : 52 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. BLOU.NTS-nLLE, p. v.. and cap. Sullivan co., Teim. Bj.de Ball, p. c, Cecil co., Ml. : M m. N. E. Annapolis. Blue Ball, p. o., Bullcr co., Ohio: 93 m. S. \Y. Colum- bus. Blue Ball, p. o., Lancaster co., Pnin. : 43 m. S. E. narrisbnrff. Blue Bell, p. o., Montgomery co,, r-'nii. : 91 m. E. Harrisburj?. Blue Cbeek, p. o., Adams co„ (>7ih: on a cr. so called of Ohio r., S3 m. S. S. W. Columbus. Blue Creek, p. c, Habersham co., Ga.: 119 m. N. E. Milledgeville. Blue Ceeee, p. o.. Pike co., Ala. : 37 m. S. Mont- gomery. Blue Ckeee, p. o., Franklin Co., Tin!.: C4 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Blue Eye, p. o., Benton co., AI:i.: 90 m. N. N. E. Monlgi>mery. Blue Grass, p. o., Pcott co., Ta. : -19 m. E. Iowa City. Blue Gkass, p. c, Fulton co., Intl. : 87 m. N. Indian- apolis. Blub ITill, f. and p. o., Hancock Co., Me. : on a bay formed between the mainland anrl Mt. Desert Jsland,29 m. S. E. Augusta. From a bill near the v. a most splendid view of the surrounding scenery is presented. Pop. 1,9,39. Blue Hill, p. 0., \Yilliam8on CO., ?<». : 31 m, N. Austin City. Blue House, p. o., CoUeton dist,, S. Car. : 76 m. S. by W. Coluinbin. Blue Lick, p. 0., Franklin CO., Ala.: 163 m. N. W. Montgomery. Blue Lick, p. o., Clark CO., Ind. : 91 m. S. S, E. Indianapolis. Blue Lick Springs, p. o., Nicholas co., Ki/. : on S. side ofLickingr., 61 m. E. Frankfort. Blue Mouxd, t. and p. o., Dane CO., TTisc. : 21 m. W. S. W. Madison. Pop.'315. Blue Mountais, p. o., Northumberland co., Pe:iii. Blue Plum, p. o., Washington Co., Teiin.: 193 m. E. Nashville. Blue"9 PoniT, p. o., Crittenden CO., Ark. : 129 m. E. N. E. Little Eock. Blue Posd, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala. : 139 m. N. E. Montgomery. Blue Eidge, or South Mountain: the eastern ridge of the Alleghany Mountains, which branches oft from the main range in North Carolina, and crosses the States of Vir- ginia. Maryland, etc., and extends to the highlands of the Hudson r. The Peaks of Otter, in Virginia, the highest part of the ridge, have an elevation of nearly 4,0110 feet ; and there are other peaks of not much less an altitude. Blue Eidoe, p. o., Botetourtco., Virg. : 116 m. W. Eich- mond. Blue ErooE, p. o., Tnoccy Co., N. Car. : 193 m. W. Ealeigh. Blue Eidge, p. o., GUmer co., Ga. : Kl m, N. W. Mil- ledgeville. Blue Ridge, p. c, Shelby CO., Iml. : 29 m. S. E. Indran- apolis. Blur Euver, p. o., Iowa co.. Wittc. : 53 m. W. Madison. Blue Eock, t. and p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio : on Muskingum r., 66 m. E. Columbus, rop. 1,476. BOG Blue Eock, p. o., CHiester co., renn.: 03 nL S. E. Ilar- risburg. Blue Spring, p. o., Morgan CO., Ala.: 147 in. N. Mont- gomery. Blue Spring, p. o., Smyfa Co., Virg.: 210 m. W. S. W, Eichmond. Blue Spring Grove, p. o.. Barren CO., Kij.: S6 m, S. S. W. Frankfort. The NashvUlo and Lexington E. E, will probably pass near this place. Blue Spuings, p. o,, Jackson co,. Mo. : 116 m, W. .loITi r- son City. Tlic Pacific K. E. from St. Louis will [.r.ibaljly intersect this point. Blue Stone, p. o., TazowcU Co., Virg.: 2S2 m. W. Eichmond. Blue Sulphur Springs, p. o., Greenbrier co., Virg. : 130 m. W. Eichmc.nil. These springs arc much frequented by invalids; tliey are sit-uate in a mountain valley, and are surrounded by grand and picturesque scenery. Blue WiNO,'p. o., Ciranville co,. A'. Car.: 71 m, N. by W. Ealeigh. Bluff, p. o., Mercer co., III. : 10.3 m, N, W, Spring- field, Bluff, p, o„ Sauk CO., Win:: 31 m. N. W, Madison. Bluff Dale, p. o., Greene Co., ///. ,■ 87 m, W, S. W, Springfield. Bll-ff Dale, p. c, Dcs Moines co,, la.: 52 m. S, by E. Iowa City. Blltff Point, p. o,, Yates Co., jV. 3' .' 106 m. W. Albany. Bluff Port, p. o,, Sumjitcr co,, Ala. : on the W. side of Tombigbee r., opposite the mouth of Black Warrior r., 92 m. W. Montgomery. Bluff Spring, p. o,, Talladega CO., Ala. : 74 m. N. Montgciiery. Bluff Spring, p. o., Talbot co., Ga. : 83 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. Bluff Spring, p. o., Attala co., Misn. : on E. side of Big Black r,, 69 in, N, N. E, .Jackson. Bluff Spring, p. o., Johnson CO., Mo. : 94 m. W. -Jeffer- son City. Bluff Springs, p. o., Gibson co., Tmn. : 137 m. W. by S. Nashville. Eluffton, p. v., and cap. Wells co., Ind. : 82 m. N. E. Indianapolis. The '• Eepubliean Bugle" and the " B. Ban- ner*' are publi-shed weekly. Blitfton, p. o., Beaufort dist., S. Car. : 116 m. S, by W, Columbia. Blutfton, p. v., Marquette CO., WUc: 3 m, N. Green Lake, and 58 m. N. by E, MadisoiL Bluffville, p, V,, Carroll CO., III. : on the E. side of Mississippi r., 223 m. N. N. W. Springfield. Blvtue, p. o., SchuylkiU CO., rmn.: 34 m. N. E. llar- ri^burg. Blytheville, p, v,, Jasper co,, Mo. : 159 m. S. W. Jeffer- son City. BoALSBURG, p. v.. Centre co,, I'enn. : on Spring cr., 69 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. BoARDjiAN, p. v., Mahoning CO., Ohio: 131 m. N. E, Columbus. Boaf.dtree, p. o,, Cherok-ee co,, Gel.: 100 m, N. W. Hilledgeville. BoPENHAM, p. v., Giles CO., Tm?!.: 62 m. S. by W. N.ashville. Bff.TiA, p. v., Mercer Co., Ohio: 97 m. N. W. Columbus. BcEBFF PnAiniE, p. o., Franklin par,. La. : on W. side of Cypress Lake, 103 m. N W. Baton Eruge. BoGASsvii.i.E, p, v„ L.nion disL, A Car.: 69 in. N. by W. Columbia, lioOAED, p. o,, Daviess co,, Inil. : S9 m, S, W, Inrlian- apnlis. I'.i.fiGY Depot, p. o., Choctaw Nation, Iml. 7>r. BoGce EuN, ji. o.. Stark co,, /;"/,,■ 100 m, N. N, W I Indianapolis. 71 BOl BOO BoiLLNG SpBiNG, p. o., Fentress co., Tenn. : on N. side of Ck-iir fork of New r., 61 m. E. Nashville. Boiling Spkings, p. c, Benton co., Ala. : 110 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Boiling Springs, p. c, Cumberland co., Penn, : 22 m. W. Harrisburg. BoiLSTuN, p. T., Henderson co., N. Car. : on a or. of Frcneb Broad r. so caUed, S-2S ra. "W. S. "ff. Kaleigb. Bois Blanc Island: in Lake Huron, S. E. Mackinaw. It is 10 m. long and 3 m. wide in its greatest breadth. A lighthouse has been erected on the E. point. Boke's Ceeek, p. o., Virion co., Ohio: 32 m. N. W. Columbus, Boland's, p. 0., Itawamba co., Miss. : on "W. side of Little Tombigbee r., 109 m. N. E. Jackson. Bolen's Mili£, p. 0., Vinton co., Ohio: 53 m. S. E. Columbus. BoLTQEE, p. o., Greene co., Ala.: 105 m. W. by N. Montgomery. BoLiNGTON, p. 0., Loudon CO., Virg. : 107 m. N. Eich- mond. BoLiTAE county, Mi-ts. Situate W. on ^lisslssippi r., and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Large and William's Bay- oux, tributaries of Sunflower r., and has several lakes. Sur- face mostly level or undulating, and occasionally swampy ; soils rich and productive. Indian com and cotton are the principal staples. Farms 5T ; dwell. 95, and pop. — wh. 395, fr. col. 2, si. 2,1S0— total, 2,577. Capital: Bolivar. Bolivar, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. : on N. eide of Big Raccoon cr., 3 m. distant, anLrvAR, p. v., Tusc;u-awa3 co., 0/iio: on W. side of Tuscarawas r. and on the Ohio Canal, 92 m, N. E. Columlius. Bolivar, p. v., and cap. Hardeman co., Ten7K : on S. W. side of Big Hatcheo r., 14-3 m. AV. S. "W". Nash^^lIe. Bolster's Mills, p. c, Cumberland co., Me.: 54 m. B. "W. Augusta. Bolton, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : on tho line of the Providence, Hartford, and Fiahkill K. E., 16 m. E. Hartford. Pop. 607. Bolton, p. v., Williamson co.. III.: 21S m. S. by E. Bpringfleld. Bolton, t. ami p. v., Worcester co., Mass.: between Concord and Nashua r., 29 ra. W. by N. Boston. P. 1,2G3. Boltok, t. and p. v., Warren co., N. Y. : on Lako George, 57 m. N. Albany. Pop. 1 .147. Bolton, t. and p. v., Chittenden co., Ycrm. : on Onktn r., in the valley of which the Vermont Central R. R. runs, 17 m. N. W. Montpelier, The N. part of the town lies on the Green mts. Pop.. 602, Bolton's Dep6t, p. o., Hinds co., Miss. : on tho line of Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R., 27 m. from Vicks- burg, and 19 W\ Jackson. BoLTONviLLE, p. V., Cobb CO., Ga.: 103 m. N. W. Mil- ledge ville. Bolt's Foet, p. o., Lawrence co., Ky. : 114 m. E. Frank- fort. BoMBAT, t. and p. o., Franklin co., N. Y.: on St, Regis, and Racket r. and several tributaries of Salmon r., 12G m. N. N. W. Albany. Pop. .1,903. Bon Aie Spkings, p. o.. White co., Tenn. : 87 m. E. by S. Kash ville. Bonaparte, p. r., Du Page co.. III.: 233 m. N. E. Springfield. Bonaparte, p. v., Yan Buren CO.. la. : on the E. side Dee Moines r. 66 m. S. Iowa City. Eon Aq-caj p. o., Hickman co^ Teim. : 52 ni. S. W, Nashville. Bond county, HI. Situate S. centrally, aiwl contains 860 sq. m. Drained by E. and W, forks of Shoal cr,. Beaver cr., and other streams, affluents of the Kaskaakia. Surface level or undulating, chiefly prairie, intermixed with timber; soil exceedingly rich and productive. Farms 605; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 1,U76, and pop.— wh. 6,136, fr. ciil. 8— total, 0,144. Capital: Greenville. Puhlic Works: National Road. Bond's Village, p. v., Uampden co., Ma-^s.: S3 m. W. by S. Boston. BoNDviLLE, p. 0., Bennington co., Verm.: 76 m. S Montpelier. Bond Creek, p. o., Ritchie co,, Virff.: 2K m. W. N. W. Richmond. BoNB Yard, p. o., Tiahemingo co., J//.vs. ; 2U6 ni. N. E. Jackson. BoNUAM, p. V , and cap. Fannin co., Tex. : on the W. side of Bois d'Arc r., 267 m. N. by E. Austin City. A news- paper, the " B. Advertiser," is published weekly. BoNUOMME, p. o., St. Louis CO., Mo.: 00 m. K. Jefferson City. Bonn, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on E. side of Duck cr. of Ohi& r., 90 ra. E. by S. Columbus. Bonnet Caere (^Square Bonnet, so called from a remark- able bend on the r.), p. v., and cap. St. John Baptist par., La. : on E. side Mississippi r., 37 m. S. S. E. Baton Rouge. Bonny Doon, p. o., Jefferson co., Ga. : 5S m. E. Mil- ledge ville. Bono, p. o., Lai\Tence co., Ind. : on the S. of the E. fork of White r., 63 m. S. Indianapolis. Box Pas, p. o., Richland co., III. : 165 m. S. S. E. Spring- field. Bonus Prairie, p. o., Boone co., III. : on the E. side of Piskashaw cr., 269 m. N. by E. Springfield. BooNE county, HI. Situate N. middle, and contains 433 sq. m. Drained by Rock r. and its tributaries. Surface level, with some wet prairies, and soils of exceeding richness; timber plentiful. Farms S97; manuf. 17; dwell. 1,352, and pop.— wh. 7,621, fr. col. 5— total, 7,626. Capiteninsula, less than one mile square, was soon found insufficient for Boston, and the State annexed to her Dor- chester Point, a peninsula of 600 acres. To this, now eaUed South Boston, she is united by four bridges. At a later period ferries were established to Noddles Island (660 acres), and this now forms a ward of the city. Some hundred acres have also been reclaimed from the sea; but these narrow limits, about 3 sq. m. in extent, proved inadequate, and have long been exceeded, and the population outside the chartered limits of Boston already equals the population "Within. As a metropolitan district, Boston, indeed, may be said to extend a circuit of nine miles round the Exchange, within which limits the population in ISSO was 269,S74. The population of Boston proper, at successive decennial periods, has been as follows: inl790, it wa3lS,0SS; in 1800, 24,937 ; in ISIO, 33,250 ; in 1S20, 43,298; in 1S30, 61,391 ; in 1S40, 93,3'>3 ; and in 1S50, 18S,7SS. As Boston grew in population and manufactures, the natural spring, which gave it the Indian name of Shawniut, gradually failed ; and the water deteriorated, and the citi- zens were obliged to deepen the ancient wells from year to year. It was at length necessary to resort to a foreign sup- ply. In 1795 wooden pipes were laid by a company from Jamaica Pond, and as the demand increased, 10 in. iron pipes were substituted. This source having proved insuffi- cient, a new aqueduct was construcl^'d from Cochituate Lake, 20 m. from the Exchange, and was opened in 1S49. The mean elevation of the lake is 120 feet above the marsh level. The water is carried 144 m. by a brick conduit of an eUipUeal form, 6 feet 4 in. by 5 feet, with a regular descent of 3 1-6 inches per mile, to a large reservoir in Brooklino. Here a pond of 22 acres, and holding 100,000,000 gallons, has been formed by closing the outlet of a valley. The reservoir is 123 feet above the sea. The water is carried over Charles r. by two parallel pipes 80 in. diameter. From Brookline, large iron pipes, carry the water to a granite resen'ou* on the summit of Beacon Hill, holding 2,500.000 gallons, and to another on Dorchester Ileights, holding 6,000,000 gallons. These are 120 feet above the sea, and the water is hence conducted through 70 m. of pipe through the streets, and has generally been introduced into dwell- ings and stores. The head is sufficient to throw a 3 in. jet 92 feet high, from the fountain on the Common. The aqueduct is competent to supply 14,000,000 gallons daily. East Boston is also supplied from this source, pipes being conducted over Charles and Mystic rivers. The city proper now is. and the suburbs soon will be, lighted with gas. The principal public buildings in Boston and its vicinity, are Quincy Market, a granite structure, 500 by 3S feet; the Slate House, a large and commodious building; Faneuil Hall, an ancient brick edifice; the Massachusetts General Hospital, a largo stono structure, at West Boston ; the old State House ; the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary ; the Institute for the Blind at South Boston; the Orphan A«ylum; the Farm School; the City Tlall, and SufTolk Court House, large granite buildiugs; the liogijttry of Deeds* U Ofllices ; the Merchants' Exchange, of granite, also ; the Atheneum, of free-stone ; the Custom House ; a Club House, of free-stone ; 23 large School-houses, costing $703,000; 41 Primary School-houses ; 3 Theatres ; a Museum ; and 2 large buildings of granite, used for concerts and lectures. Boston has also erected an extensive Jail, of Quincy granite, and a spacious Alms House, at Deer Island. At liaiusford's Island she has also the Quarantine Hospital, and the build- ings hitherto used for jads and alms houses at AVest and South Boston. The citizens of Boston have rarely been wanting in the cause of benevolence, and many of their institutions are richly endowed. Previous to 1S45, a single institution, the General Hospital and M'Lean Asylum, had received $*)40,943; and the entire amount of donations to such public objects was ascertained to have been, prior to 1S46, $4,992,659. Very few of the ancient burial grounds are now used foe interments ; several have been planted, and contributo much lo the ornament of the city. In 1S31, Mount Auburn, in Cambridge, a spot remarkable for its natural beauties, was selected as a rural cemetery. It contains US acres, and during the last 13 years, 1,756 lots have been sold, realizing §175,000. Iloads and paths have been opened, a granite gateway and chapel built, and iron railing set round it; many tasteful monuments of marble have been erected, and it has become a place of frequent resort for the living as for the dead. At Forest Hill, Uoxbury, is another beau- tiful cemetery, and others at Brighton and Wood Lawn. The cemetery of Mount Auburn is the first instance in America of a largo tract having been chosen for its natural beauties, and improved by landscape gardening, to prepare it for the reception of the dead. Boston is the commercial emporium of Kew England, and next to New York among the commercial cUicb of the Union. In 1S50, the shipping owned in the district amount- ed to 320,6S7 tons. The foreign arrivals amounted to 2.S77 vessels, of an aggregate burden of 47S,S59 tons ; and the foreign clearances, 2,S39 vessels, of 437,760 tons. The ship- ping built in the year 1S49-50, was 23,450 tons. The value of imports in 1&49 was $24,117,175 ; and of exports, $S,S43.974. Boston enjoys, also, a large local and coast-wise trade. Within the borders of Massachusetts arc two cities with over 30,000 inhabitants, ten with 10,000 to 20.000, ten towns with 6,000 to 10,000, twenty with 4,000 to 6;000. Between these and Boston an active commerce exists ; and by her iron arms she reaches through this populous interior to the north and west, to Canada and the Mississippi. Tlie coast- wise importations in 1S49 consisted in part of 269,S1S bales of cotton, 262,632 tons anthracite, 9S7,9SS barrels of fiour, 3,002,593 bushels of com, 621,513 bushels of oats, rye, and shorts, 3S,199 barrels turpentine, 663,530 sides of leather, 156,556 barrels of pork, 200,500 pigs of lead, etc Large im- portations are .also made, particularly from New Orleans, of beef, hemp, sugar, molasses, tobacco, and other articles. Vessels of all sizes, ft-om 50 to 1,000 tona, are engaged in the coasting trade. The arrivals in 1S49 were 6.100 ves- sels, which number does not include sloops and schooners, laden with wood, stone, and sundries, some thousands an- nually, that do not report at the custom house. By railroad the tonnage transported amounted to 1,107,129 tons. The trade of Boston with the West and South is im- mense ; her manufactures and import'^ are sent by railw.ay and pnekcts to the farthest limits of the country. Lines of packets run to all the seaboard cities, freighted witli the cottons, boots, shoes, and other domestic goods, the produce of the State's industry. With California, also, Boston h:is had Large dealings: at least one fiflh of the shipping that sails from Atlantic ports for "El Dorado," hails lYom Bos- ton. In 1 S50, there were 29 banks in the city, and the banking capital amounted to $21,460,orin. The ami.iinl (U'l.osited in Savings' lianks, was $3,977,799 owne.i by 29,799 d.-posilors. The stock capital of Boston insurance conipauics, vas BOS BOW $5,4S3,000. There were also in the city numcruus nmlual, and several foreign insurance companies. The assessed value of property iu Boston is $179,525,000, and tlie city debt to about $7,000,000, chiefly owing on ac- count of the water-works. This debt is small compared with the wealth and resources of the city. The j)roperly of the city cojisists of the " Common," a beautiful park of 43 acres, eneircled by an iron fence; the Public Garden, containing 14 acres, and several public squares and areas, enibehished by fountains. These are all devoted to the health and recreation of the citizens. She owns also val- uable pruperty that may be sold; the whole is valued at $5,071,000, and at the present time yields a revenue of $300,000 annually. The expenses of the city are cliiefly for hor schools, street improvements, watch, and the support of correctional and humane institutions. Some of the artificial structures which connect Boston with the main deserve notice. The Western Avenue, 7,000 feet long, leads from the old peninsula to Brooklinc, Hux- bury, and Brighton; it is a soUdstructiu-e of granite, filled in with earth, and cost $700,000. Besides forming a wide carriage road, it creates a large water-power, and has re- deemed many acres from the harbor. West Boston Bridge and Causeway, 6,190 feet long, connects Boston with Cam- bridge; Canal Bridge is 2,790 feet long; Warren Bridge, 1,S90 feet ; Long Wharf, 1,S00 feet long and 200 feet wide ; Central Wharf, 1,379 feet long and 150 feet wide; India Wharf, 9S0 feet long. Along these wharves are continuous blocks of warehouses, 4 or 5 sti:)ries high, ainl from 50 to SO feet deep. Granite, Connecticut, and Lewis's wharves arc of like size, and have ranges of large stone warehouses. The schools of Boston are frequently referred to as mod- els of perfection. Their number and excellence, with her liberal patronage of education, have given the city the title of (he Modern Athens, and their merit and importance can- not be overrated. In 1S50, her primary schools had 11,376 scholars, her grammar schools 9,154, and other schools 471 scholars. Boston has also a Latin and High SchocJ, in ■which the higher branches are taught with signal ability. All these schools are open free of charge to all. Without Ihe chartered limits of the city are Harvard University, with its Law and Theological Schools, a Baptist College, and many excellent schools and academies. There are several public libraries in the city. The Athe- neum Library, the Boston and Mercantile libraries, the Law Library, the State Library, and several libraries of Harvard University. These together contain upward of 150,000 volumes. There are SO periodicals and newspapers published in Boston, several of which are worked by steam presses, and have large circulations. These refer to almost every de- partment of literature, religion, science, agriculture, banks, railroads, belles-lettres, statistics, history, medicine, law, edu- cation, etc. The religious and charitable institutions of the city are also numerous. It has nearly 200 churches and i)laces of worship. There is also a General Hospital, two Insane Hospitals, an Asylum fur the Blind, an Eye and Ear In- firmary, a Lying-in-IIospilal, an Asylum f~d, p. c, Pickms dist., S. Car. : 113 m. N. W. Columbia. Bourbon county, iu/. Situate N. E., centrally, ind con- tains 230 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks, tributaries of S. fork of Licking r. Surface rolling, rising toward the sea; and the soils highly productive. Wlieat, rye, corn, and oats are ihe principal products. Farms 734; manuf. 34 ; dwell. 1,.S4S, and pop.— wh. T,15S, fr. col. 242, si. 7,u26— toi.il 14,426. Capital: Paris. Puhlio Works: Lexington and Maysville E. E. Bourbon, p. v., Marshall co., Ind.: 102 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. BoouBONTONjp. v., Booneco.,il/b. ; 8S m. N. W. Jeflcrson City. BouRNEVTLLE, p. V., Eoss CO., Ohio : on the N. W. side of Paint cr., 49 m. S. Columbus. BoviNA, p. v., Warren co., il/Aw. .• on the lino of the Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon E. R.,36 m.W. Jacksim. BoviNA, t. and p. v., Delaware co., N, T. : SO m. W. S.W. Albany. Bow, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., K. Ilamp. : on Merri- mac r., 7 m. S. Concord. Bow Falls, of the Merrimac, are here overcome by a short canal. BowDAUK, p. 0., Greene co.. Mo. : 107 m. S. W. Jeflerson City. BowDOiN, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : 23 m. S. by W. Augufita. Pop. 1,857. BownoiN Centrk, p. o., Liucoln co., J/c. ." 25 in. S. by W. Augusta. BowDoiNBAM, t. and p. v., Lincoln co., M>\ : on Kenne- bec r., 23 m. S. Augusta. Tlie lumber trade and ship- bnil 'ling are Ihe principal occupations. P"l>. 2,:'oI. EowDON, p. v., Carroll co., Ga. : 113 ra. W. Milledgevilie. 7S BOW BRA BuwDox, p. v., Talhuic-ra co., Ala.: O'i m. X. M<:)nt- goniery. Bowns's Praibie, p. o., Jones co.. In. : 41 m. N. Iowa City. EoTTESviLLE. p. V., CafroII CO., Ga. : 117 m. W. MiUedge- ville. Bower, p. o., Clearfield co., renn. : lOS m. TV. ?f. W. Harrisburg. BowEU Bank, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., Jfe. : on Sebec Lake, 65 m. X. by E. Augusta. Pop. 17a Bower Hill, p. 0., 'WashLngion co., Penn.: 187 m. "W. Uarrisburg. BowEH's, p. o., Southampton co., Virg. : 71 m. S. by E. Eichmond. Bottee's Mflls, p. o., Lawrence co., Mo. : on Spring r., a branch of Neosho r., 146 m. S. "W". Jeflfcrson City. BowERsvTLLE, p. V., rrankUu co., Ga. : on a cr. of the Mid.lle fork of Broad r., 85 m. N. Milledgevilie. Bowers viixE, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 52 m. "W. S. "W. Colurabug. Bowie county, r«r. Situate in the N. E. comer, between Eed r. and Sulphur Fork, and contains about 960 sq. m. Brained by namcrous creeks running N. and S. from a cen- tral watershed. Surface elevated, undulating, and well limbered, with small and beautifid prairies between the streams ; soils deep and fertile, producing excellent cotton and sugar. Farms 15S ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 250, and pop.— wh. 1,271, ft-, col. 0, si. 1,641— total 2,012. Capital: Boston. BowLEsviLLE, p. T., Fluvanna co.. Vir^g. : 49 m. TV. by N. Fkichmond. Bowling Green, p. v., Oglethorpe co., Ga.: on Athens Branch of Georgia K. E., 46 m. N. Milledgevilie. Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Olay co,, Ind.: on Eel r. of the W. fork of White r., 4S m. W. 8. "W. Indianapolis. Bowling Green, p. v., Fayette co., lU. : on the W. side of Beck's tT. of Kaskaskia r., 56 m. S. E. Springfldd. Bowling Green, p. v., and enp. TVarren co., 10/. : on the W. side of Big Barren r. of Green r., 122 m. S. "W. Frank- fort, and by r. course to the Ohio, ISO m. The v. is acces- sible to steamboats of 200 tons, and has considerable trade, chiefly in tobacco. The Nashville and Louisville E. E. will pass through Bowling Green. Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Pike co., Mo. : 74 m. N. E. JelTerson City. Bowling Gkeex, p. o., "Wood co., Ohio : 52 m. N. "W. Columbus, Bowling Green, p. v., and cap. Caroline co., Tirg.: a few miles E. of Mattapony r., 37 m. N. Eichmond. BowLiNGsviLLE, p. V., Union dist., S. Car. : 67 ra. N. Columbia. Bowman's Creek, p. 0., "Wyoming CO., Penn.: 93 ra. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Bowman's Mills, p. 0., Eockingham^o., Virg. : 106 ra. N. "W. Eichmond. BowMANSviLLE, p. v., Lancastcr co., Penn. BowNE, t, and p. 0., Kent co., Mich. : 43 m. W. by N. Lansing. Pop. 220. BowsHERsviiLE, p. T., "Wyaudott CO., Ohio: 66 m. N. by "W. Columbus. BoxBOROTcn,! and p. v., Middlesex co., ^fasR. : between Concord and Nashua r., 25 m. N. W. by N. Boston. P. 31)0. BoxFORD, t. and p. v., Essex co., ^fatiS. : 23 m. N. Boston. BoxLEY, p. v., Ilamilton co., Ind. : 31 m. N. ludian- apolia. BoxviLLE, p. v., Montgomery co., Ga. : on the W. side of Oconee r., near its junction with the Ocmulgec, S4 m. S. Milledgevilie. Bo-i-D's- Creek, p. o., Serier co.. Teyy n. : on a cr. of Ilenry r. of the Tennessee, 1S3 m. E. Nashville. BoTDSTON's MiLis, p. 0., Kosciusko CO., Ind.: 93 m. N. Indian anoli 9. BoYr8\T:LLE, p. T., TVeakly co., Tenn. : at the head wa- lers of Obion r., IDS m. W. Nashville. 7« BovmoN, p. v., and cap. Mecklenbnrgh co., Virg.: 74 m. S. S. W. Eichmond. Eandolph Macon College, founded 1532, is located about a mile to the wesU Boyer's Settlement, p. o., Buchanan co.. Mo. : on E. fork of Platte r., 149 m. "W. N. W. Jefferson City. Boteestown, p. v., Berks co., Penn.: 63 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. BoTKiN's Dep6t, p. 0., Kersliaw dist, S. Car. : on Cam- den Branch of the South Carolina E. E., 26 m. E. by N. Columbia. Boyle county, Ky. Situate centrally, an- lie Works: North Brancli of Pennsylvania Canals: Will- iamsport and Elmira E. E. Bradfoup, p. v.^ Harrison co,, 7»(r/. ;104 m. 9. Indian- apolis. BRADFOF.n, t. and p v., Steuben co,, X. Y. .* 163 m. W. by S. Albany. Pop. 2,ra0. Bradford, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 68 m. N. E. Augusta. Bradford, t. and p. v.. Essex co., Masii. : on Merrlmac r., 2S m. N. Boston. It is e«>nnected with Haverhill I>y a bridge, over which the Boston and Maine E. E. is carried, 32 ra. from Boston, The t is noted for its boot and shoe factories. Pop. 1,S2S. Bradford, t. and p. v.. Merrimac co., K. Tfamp. : on the Concord and Claremont E. E,, 25 m. from Concord, P l.ill Bradford, p. v,. (>range co,, Vprm. : on Connecticut r,, 29 m. E. by S. Morilj)elier. Two literary periodicals are published here, the " Vermont Family Gazette," weekly, and tlie "Green Mountain Gem." monthly. The Connec- ticut and Passumsic Eivcrs E. E. passes through the t. on the edge of the river. Bradford, p. v., Coosa cc, Ala. : 23 m. N. Mont/- gomery. Bradford Centre, p. o., Orange co,. Verm. : 27 m. E. by S. Montpelicr. Bradford Institute, p. o., Sumter dist., S. Car.: 42 m. E. Columbia. Bradford Springs, p. o., Sumter dist., ^iS. Car,: 42 m. E. Columbia. BHA BRA BiiADFORDviLLE, p. V., MafioQ CO,, A'//. ; on a or. of li'iU- tug fork of Sull r.. 47 m. S. AV. Frankfort. Bit.vDLKT county, Ark: Situate S. centrally, and contains 800 sq. m. T)rained by Wachita and Spline rivers iind tht-ir tributaries. Surface rolling — chiefly prairie, and soils fer- tile. Farms 303; manuf. 1; dwell. 440, and pop.— wh. 2,ti0] fr. col. 2, Bl. 1,22G— total S,S29. Cajjital: Warren. Bradley county, Temi, Situate S. E. on State lino, and contains 526 sq. m. Drained by creeksof Iliwassec r. Sur- face mounlainoue, rujiged, and except on tlte streams, of in- fi.-rior fertility. Indian corn is the chief producl, and some cotton and tobacco is also grown. Farms S^l3 ; manuf. 44 ; dwell. 1,955, and pop.— wb. 11,478, fr. col. 37, el- T44— total 12,25'J. Capital : Clvyclanil. PuUii^ H'yrAs; East Ten- nessee II. R., etc. Bradley, p. o., Jackson cc, III. : 123 m. 8. Springfield. Bradley, p. o., Allegan cc, J/ie^. ; 76 m. W. by S. Lansing. Bradleytille, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car. : 57 m. E. by S. Columbia. BKAi>?aAW, p. 0., Giles co., Teiin.: 63 m. S. l)y W. Nashville. Brady, t. and p. o., Kalamazoo cc, Mich. : on the head waters of Portage r., 6S ra. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 573.' Brady's Bend, p. c, Armstrong co., Pemu: 146 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Bradytille, p. v., Adams co^ Ohio: 83 m. S. by "W. Columbus. Bradytille, p. t.» Cannon co., Teiui. : 46 m. 9. E. Nash- ville. Bragg's, p. o., Lowndes cc, Ala. : 31 m. S. W. Mont- gomery. Braggyille, p. v., Middlesex co., Muss. : 26 m. N. W. Boston. Braisaed's Bridge, p. c, Kenseelaer co., 2^. Y, Braistreb, t. and p. t., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the line of the Old Colony K. K., 10 m. S. Boston. Tho South Shore E. B. and the Fall Liver L, K. also diverge fri.m this t. It has considerable manufactures, and some 8hii)ping en- gaged in the coasting trade and the fljiberies. Braintree was the birth-place of the elder Adams. Pop. 2,969. Braintree, t. and p. v., Orange co., Venn, : at the head of Wliite r., and on the line of the Vermont Central L. K., IG ra. S. MontpcUer. Pop. 1,22S. BEAi>"rREM, p. v., Wyoming co., Penn, : on N. side of Susquehanna r., 102 ra. N. by E. UaiTisburg. Be AEELEYViLLE, p. V., MouToc CO., P&m. ." 105 m. E. N, E. Harrisburg. Brake's Eun, p. o., Hardy cc, Virg. : 122 m. N. 'W. Eicbmond. Bbima>-"8 Cohnees, p. o., Schenectady cc, 2v\ Y. : 18 m. W. Albany. Brakcu county, Mich. Situate S. middle on State line, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by several creeks of St. Joseph r. Surface rolling; wood and prairie, and tho soils rich and loamy. Farms 1,442; manuf. 53; dwell. 2,300, and pop.— wh. 12,456, fr. col. 16 — total 12,472. Capital : Branch. Public Works: Michigan Southern R.R. Branch, p. v., and cap. Branch eo., Midi. : on W. branch of Coldwater r., 03 m. S. by W. Lansing. Tho Mlcliigan Southern li. E. passes a little S. of the v., 95 m. from Monroe. Bb-ixch Dale, p. o., Schuylkill co., Penn. BEA^•c^ Hill, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: 87 m. 8. W. Columbus. Beanch Island, p. a, Pickens diat, B. Car.: 124 m. N. W. Columbia. Brajsxh Post, p. o., Yates cc, iT T.:tiX the head of the W. arm of Crooked Lake, 167 m. W. Albany. EEA>-ciiT0'n'N, p. v., Cherokee co., Tex.: 136 m. N. E. Austin City. ERANcnviLLE, p. o., St. Clair co., Ala. : 7S m. N. Mont- go merj'. BRANCnviLLE, p. v., Sussex CO., A'. Jcr,: on Paulisrii Kill, m m. N. Trenton. Braxcuvji.le, p. v., Orangeburg dist., S. Car.: on Vs. side of Edisto r., 46 m. S. by E. Columbia. At this pcniit the Columbia Branch K. R. branches from the South Car- olina R. R., 62 m. from Charleston. Brandenbiiro, p. v., and cap.Meado cc. K;/. Brandon, p. v., and cap. Rankin co., J//y.s, .- at the E. terminus of the Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon R. R., 14 ra. E. Jack^^on. Tlie '-B. Republican" (wliig) is issued weekly. Tho railroad will be continued eastward to Sclma, Ala. Brandon, p. v.. Knox co., Ohio: 89 m. N. E. Cnlarabus. Beajsuon, t. and p. c, Oakland co., Jlich. : 63 m. E. Lansing. I'oj'' '^''•'' Brandon, t. and p. t., Rutland co., F"t"rm. ; on Otter cr. of Lake C'hamplain, 42 m. S. by W. Monlpelier. ;,The Rut- land and Burlington K. E. passes through it, SO m. S. Bur- lington. Two newspapers, the "Vermont Tribune"' and the " Brandon Post," are issued weekly. Pop. 2,S35. Brandonville, p. v., Preston co., Virff.:lll m. N. TV. Richmond. Brand's Iron "Works, p. o., "Wftshington co., i?. I. : 2^ m. 9. by "VV. Providence. Bkanpt, p. v., Miami co., OJiio: 79 m. W. Columbus. Brandt, t. and p. v., Erie co., K Y. : on Lake Eric and CatJaraugus t-r., 26S m. "W. Albany. Pop. 1 (»:'«. Br.^ndywinr, p. v., Shelby co., Ind. : 23 m. S. E. Indian- apolis. Erandtwine, p. v.. Prince George's co,, Md. : 36 m. S. W. Annapi'lis. Braj^dywine creek: rises in Pennsylvania, whence it flows S. into Delaware, and after uniting with Christina cr. it enters the Delaware, forming the harbor of "Wilmington. It is navigable to Brandywine village, at which point there is 6 or 7 feet water at tide; and furnishes cxeelleut mill sites, which are occupied by numerous flour mills. Bbandy^tise, bund., Newcastle county, Del. : between Brandywine cr. and Delaware r., and contains 22,166 acres. It has numerous fiurg, and 24 ft-om BelioWs Falls. Manufactures are extensive, and the t. one of the most flourishing in the Slate. Three newspapers are published here, the " Eagle," semi-weekly, and the "Vermont Phoenix," and the "AYindham County Democrat," weekly. Brattonsville, p. v., York dist, 5. Car.: 54 m. N. Columbia. Pop. 3.S1C. Beaxtox county. Virg. Situate N. W.. and contains SOO sq. m. DraineRT, p. v., Marioa co., /«(/,; on National Road, 9 m. W. Iinlianapolis. Er.iDfiEPoRT, p. v., Franklin co,, Ky, : 5 m. from Frank- fort. Bridgeport, t. and p. v., Saginaw co., Mirh. : on the S. side of Cass r. of the Saginaw, 01 m. N. E. Lansing. Br.iDGnpORT, p. v., Madison co., N. Y. : on Chitlenango cr. of Oneida Lake, 105 m. W. by N. Albany. BEinQEi'OKT, p. v., Gloucester co., X. Jcr. : 34 m. S. by "W. Trenton. Cridgei'ort, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: on the Ohio r. opposite Wheeling. 114 m. E. Coluntbus. It will eventually be an important K. R. centre, where the lines from Penn- sylvania and Virginia will conm'ot with those of Ohio. The '• Belmont Farmer," an agrieuUural paper, \% issued month- ly. Ita trade is cousidcraMo, and it has some substantial warehouses. Bridgei'okt, p. v., Harrison co., Tirg.: 1S6 m. N. "W. Richmond. Bridgeport, p. v., Brown co., Wise. : on E. side of Fox r., V23 m. N. E. Madison. Bridgeport, p. v., Jackson co., /a. : on Makoqueta r., 57 m. N. E. Iowa City. Bridgeton, p. v., port, and cap Cumberland co.j-KiT^r..* on CohansL'y cr., 2U m. up, and 60 m. S. Trente in this locality. Pop. 193. . Brighton, p. v., Macoupin co.. III.: 42 m. S. by W. Springfield. Brighton, p. v., Beaufort dtst., S. Car. : 108 m. S. Co- lumbia. Brighton, t. and p. v., Washington co., la.: on the 3. side of Skunk r., 35 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Brighton, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Me.: 43 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 74S. Brighton, t. and p. v., Livingston co., Midi. : 53 m. E. by S. Lansing. Prp. 1,015. Brighton, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on Charles r., 5 m. W. Boston, with which it communicates by R. li. The Eosfon cattle market is located here, and in 1S49 tho animals sold counted 4G.4G5 beef cattle, 2i>,i'S5 store cattle, 14->.905 sheep, and 80,120 swine, valued at $2,976,205. A Cemetery has been lately C3tabli."*hcd. Assessed valuation $1,146,212. Pop. 2,35G. Beiguton, t. and p. v., Monroe co., X. Y.: on the Erie Canal, 259 m. from Albany. Pop. 3.117. Brighton, v., Richmond co., X. Y.: a beautiful village and summer resort on Staten Islaud, 152 m. S. Albany. Brighton, t. and p. v., Loraiuo co„ Ohio: on the W. branch of Black r., SO m, N. N. K. Columbus. Pop. 009. Brighton, p. v., Beaver co., Penn.: on W. side Big Beaver r., 4 m. from its moutli, and 193 m. W. Ilarrisburg. It is connected with New Brighton by a fine bridge. The Ohio and Pennsylvania R. K. passes BrigUlon, 3S m. from Pittsburg Brighton, t and p. v., Kenosha co.. Wise. : 117 m. E. S. E. Madison, roj). sio. Bi:ighton, v., Sacramento co., Calif. : on E. side of Sa- cramento r., 53 HI. N. W. Vallejo. Bright Seat, p. v.. Anno Arundel co., Md. Beightstille, p. v., Marlborough dist., S. Car.: on Crooked cr. of Great Pedee r., 94 m. N. E. Columbia. Brimfield, p. 0., Peoria co.. Ill, : 46 m. N. by W. Spring- field. Brimfield, t. and p. v.. Hampden co.. Mass. : on Chico- pee and (>uinnebaug r., 03 m. W. S. W. Boston. P. 1.4:il. Beimfield. t. and p. v., Portage co., Ohio: 113 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,015. Brindletown, p. v., Burke co., X. Car. : on the E. side of Silver cr. of Catawba r., lOS ra. W. Raleigh. Bringham's Grove, p. o., Tippecanoe co., Ind.: 62 m. N. W. Indianapoliy. Beingiers, p. v., and cap. St. James par.. La.: on W. side of Mississippi r., 35 m. S. Baton Rnijjje. Br.iNKi.EYTiLLE, p. v., Halifax co., X. Car. : on Little Fishing cr., 54 m. N. E. Raleigh. Brinton, p. v., Champaign co., Ohio: 52 m. W. by N, Colmubus. 70 BRI BRO Briscoe Run, p. o., Wood co., Vlrff. : 940 m. "W. N. "W. Eichmond. Beistebsbubgh, p. T., Fauquier co., Virg. : S9 m, N. by "W. Eichmond. Bristol county, Sfnss. Situate S. E. on Buzzards' Bay, and contaijis 620 sq. m. Drained by Taunton and other rivers. Coasta deeply indented. Surface level ; soils mod- erately fertile. Navigation and manufactures employ most of the inhabitants. Farms 2, 650 ; manuf. 562 ; dwell. 12,134, find pop.— wh. 74,760, fr. cpl., 1,432— total 76,192. Capi- tals: New Bedford and Taunton. Puhlic Works: Boston and Providenco E. E. ; Fall Eiver E. E. ; Taunton and New Bedford E. E., etc. BR16TOL county, Ji. I. SitiHite E. between Mt. Hope and Narraganeet bays, and contains 96 sq. m. Surface diversi- fied : soils, a gravelly loam and fertile. Farms 200 ; manuf. 87 ; dwell. 1,167, and pop.— wh. 8,190, fr. col. 824— total 8,514. CajnUd: Bristol. Bristol, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn.: on branches of Farniinglon r., 14 m. A\'. by S. Hartford. It is distin- guished for its manufacturing industry, and especially for its clocks, etc. Pop. 2,SS4. E-RisTOL, p. v., Kendall co., lU. : on W. side Fox r., op- posite YorkviUe, 139 m. N. N. E, Springtlel.l. Bristol, p. v., Anne Arundel co., J/c?, ; 29 m. N. N. "W. Annapolis. Bristol, t. and p. c, Lincoln co., Me. : on the E. srde of Damariscotta r. at its mouth, 30 m. S. by E. Augusta. It has a good harbor, and some shipping engaged in the coasting trade and fisheries. Pop. 2,91(t. Bristol, t. and p. v., Grafton co., JVI ITamp. : between Peracgawasset r. and Newfotmd Lake, 81 m. N. by "W. Concord. Pop. 1,103. Bristol, t. and p. v., Ontario co., K Y.: on Mudd cr., 1S2 m. W. Albany. Bristol, t. and p. v., Morgan co., 07tto : on Meigs cr. of Muskingham r., 66 m. E. by S. Columbus. Pup. 1,725. Bristol, t. and p. v., Eueks co., Fenn. : on the W. bank of Delaware r., and the E. terminus of the Delaware division of the Pennsylvania Canal, IdS m. E. Harrisburg. Im- mense amounts of coal are deposited here and shipped to the E. A newspaper, the "B. Gazette," is published week- ly. The Trenton and Philadelphia E. E. passes through Bristol, 19 ra. N. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,578. Bristol, t., p. v., port, and cap. Bristol co., Ji. I. : on the E. side of Narragansett Bay, IS m. S. by E. Providence. It has a good harbor, and is extensively engaged in coast- ing and the fisheries. The shipping owned in the district, 13,193 tons. The "Bristol Phcenix" is published weekly. Mt. llope lies in this t, 2 m. N. E. of the C. II., which is a fine elevation of about 300 feet. Here King Philip, chief of the Pequods, held his court; the view from the summit is extensive and highly interesting. Pop. 4,616. Bristol, t. and p. v., Addison co., Verm.: on the New Haven r., 50 m. S. "W. Montpelier. The Green Mountains occupy the E. portions of the t., but in tho TV. the surface is level and fertile. Pop. 1,344, BafcTOL, t. and p. v., Kenosha co., Wi&c. : on Des Pki-ines r, 183 m. E. S. E. Madison. Pop. 1,225. Bristol Centee, p. o., Ontario co., IT. Y. : 192 m. "W. Albany. Brlstoltille, p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: on Grand r., 144 m. N. E. Columbus. Beibtolville, p. v., Barry co., MicJi. Briston. p. v., Elkhart co., Iji(f. : on tlie line of the In- diana Northern E. E., and S. of St. Josept r., 183 m. N. Indianapolis. Britton'8 Neck, p. o., Marron dist., S. Car.: 112 m. E. Columbia. Brixton, p. v., Alexandria co., Vlrg. : 93 m. N. Eich- mond. Broapalbin, t. .ind p. v., Fulton co., y. Y. : 86 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 2,474. SO Broad Brook, p. o., Hartford co., Cojm. Broad Creek, hund., Sussex co., Del.: between li road cr. and Nanticoke cr., and contains 60,&i60 acres. Pop. 2,712. Broad Creek, p. o., Queen Anne co., J/d. Broadfoud, p. T., Smyth co., Virg. Broadkilm, bund., I^ussex co., J>el. : in the N. E. part of the CO., and contains 8,916 acres. Pop. 8,927. Broad Mountain, p. i>.,SeluiylkiIl co., Penn. Broad Oaks, p. o., Pope co., fU.: 373 ro. S. Springfield. Broad Eipple, p. o., Marion co., Ind. ; on a cr. of Broad r., 69 m. N. E. Milledgevillc. Broad river, Ga. : one of the W. branches of Savannah r., which it enters at Petersburg, Broad river, S. Car. : an arm of the Atlantic, between Port Eoyal Island and the main. Beaufort is situated on this river. Broad river, S. Car. : rises in North Carolina, and. re- ceiving the Pacolet and Tiger rivors. unites with the Saluda, above Columbus, forming the Congaree. Broad river, p. o., Elbert co., Ga. : on tho N. side of Broad r., 67 m. N. E. Millcdgeville. Broad Top, p. o., Huntingdon co., Penin.: 74 m, "W. Harrisburg. Broadway, p. o., "Warren co., K Jer. : on the lino of the Morris Canal, 37 m. N. by "W. Trenton. Broadwell, p. o., Harrison co., Ky. : 82 m. N. E. Frankfort. Brock, p. o., Darke co., Ohio : 84 m. W. Columbns. Bbockawattjlle, p. v., Jefferson eo., Penn. : 154 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Brockett's Bridge, p. o., Fulton CO., JV) K ; 73 m. "W. N. W. Albany. Brockport, p. v., Monroe co., 2^. Y.:oq the Erie Canal, 217 m. "W. Albany. It has some manufactures, and a weekly newspaper, the " B. Watchman." Brock's Crossing, p. o., St. Croix co., Wise. : 212 m. N. W. Madison. Erock*s Gap, p. c, Eockingham eo., Tirg.: 102 m. N. W. Eichmond. Erokex Abkow, p. 0., St Cladr co., Ala. : 103 m. N Montgomery. Broken Sword, p. o., Crawford co., 0?do: 62 m. N Columbus. Bronson, p. 0., Huron co., Ohio : 78 m. N. Columbns. Bronbon'b Prairie, p. o.. Branch co., Midi. : 97 m. S. W. Lansing. Brookdale, p. 0., M'Honry co., III. : 273 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Brooke county, Virg. Situate N. "W., between the Ohio r. and the Pennsylvania State lino, and conhiins 154 sq. ra. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. Iron ore and bituminous coal are abundant Farms 284; manuf. 29; dwell. S39, and pop._wb. 4,92.3, fr. col. 100, el. 31— total 5,054. Capital: Wellsburg. Pullio Works: Pittsburg and Steubenville E. E. Erooefield, t. and p. v., Fairfield co., Conn. : on Still r., a branch of Ilouaatonic r., 42 m. S. W. Hartford. The Hou- satonic E. E. passes through it, 29 m. N. Bridgeport Pop. 1,860. Brooktield, p. T., Leo co., HI. : 196 m. N. Springfield. Brookfield, t. and p. t., Worcester co., Mass. : 58 m. W. Boston. BnooimELD, t and p. v., Carroll co., K. JTamp. : 31 m. N. E. Concord. Near tho centre of the t is a pond, the source of tho W. branch of Salmon Fall r., and there is a stiU larger pond on the N. W., which empties into Winni- piseogee Lake. Pop. 552. Beookfield, p. v., Jackson co., la. : 5S m. N. E. Iowa City. Brookfield, p. v., Madison co., A^. Y.: on Unadilla r., 59 m. W. Albany. The tributaries of the Unadilla furnish fine mill sites, Brookfield, t. and p v., Trumbull co., OMo : on s branch of Shenango cr., 153 m. N. E. ColumbuB. P. 1,451. BRO BUG Brookfiet-d, t. and p. v., Tinjra en.. }',')in.: on Cowa- ncsque or. nfTio^ar., 142 m. N. N. W. Hnrrislmri:. Bi'.ooKFiEi.p, 1. and p. v.. Onm^n en.. IVr»?. ; 19 m. S. MiMitpcruT. Several ponds in Ihis t. art- s^mrcrs of tribula- ries of White r. Mar! is almnrJant. Top. 1,r,T'>. Brookfielp, t and p. v., Waula'slia co., If7.se. ; on Fox r., lliS in. E. Madison. The Mihvaukie and Mississippi li. Vi. pas,ses through fho t., 20 ni. W. Mtlwaukif. V. l.'.CSO. I'i:oo(iiiAVF-N, p. v., Lawrence en., Mi.ss. : ou a head Btreani of Bogne Chitio, 76 m. S. Jaekson. Br.iKiKnAVEN, t, Suffolk CO., K. Y. Pop. S.ridT. Brooklaxdville, p. v., Baltimore cct., Mif.: on the lino of the AVostminster Branch R. E., 17 ni. from lialtiniore. BiuioKi.iN, p. t., Hancock co., 3[e. : TiS m. K. vVuirusla. Brooklin, p. v., Clark co., Jifo.: l;JS m. N. E. Jefferson City. Brookltne, p. v., Madison co.. Oo.: on the "W". sldo of the middle fork of Broad r.. 71 m. N. N. E. Milled-jeville. Brooklisk, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., J/*'/.*;.'). .• 3 ni. W. by S. Bnslon. It is chiefly occnjiii-'d by the arisloeraey of Bos- ton, who have country seals and villas in this loealily. pop. 5.51(;. It is reaeiied hy the Western Avenue aii'l li.B. Brookune. p. v., Jackson par., /,-/. .- V>G ni. X. W. Baton pLougc. Brooki.ise. t. and p. o., Ilillsborougli co., y. ITumj). ; 33 ni. S. by W. Concord, pop. TIS. Brookline. t. and p. v., Windham co., Ventr. : SG m. S. Monlpelicr. Pop. 2S5. Brookltx. p. v., Conecuh en., Ahi. : on the W. side of Conecuh r, 78 m. S. by AV. Monlgonury. Brooklyn, p. v., Campbell co., A'l/.: bS m. N. N. E. Frankfort, Brookltx, t,, p. t., and cnp. "Winilham co., Cnmi.: on Quinnebaug r., 38 m. E. by N. llarlford. P()p. l.rdS. Brooklyn, p. v., Schuyler co.. /U. : on W. side of Crooked cr.. 97 m. W. N. W. Springfiehl. Brooklyn, p. v., Noxubee co., ITiss. : 112 m. N. E. Jackson. BnooKLTy. p. v., Jackson ca.,Mich,: on Omose cr. of the N. branch of Raisin r., 44 m. S. by E. Lansing. Brooklyn, p. city, and cap. Kings co., K. Y. : on the W. end of Long Island, opposite Ne\y York City. 14.'> m. S. Albany. Pop. in ISID. 4.402 ; in 1^20, T,17o ; in ls:jri, lo,30fj ; in 1S40, 3t).'J;j3; and in 1S50, 9G,S3?. It is now the cifjhtli. in regard to population, in the Union, and the second in the State. IJwell.. in 1*50, 10,197. Value of real estate $32,010,711, and of personal property $3.i)50.5S!). Brooklyn was originally built on, very uneven ground, and still— although the grades have been greatly leveled— retains many of the natural beauties for which it was so pre-eminent. The Heights of Brooklyn, seen fVom the New York side of the East River, are unrivalled as city Bccnory, and there are also, farther back, eminences which affonl fine localities for residences. The streets are regu- larly laiii out, and are from GO to 100 feet wide ; an*! on ihc whole, no other city of the Union has 8i> many substantial and handsome public buildings. The City Hall is a fine marble structure, at the head of Fulton-street, and tlie liauk- ing houses, school-houses, and churches are elegant and conunodious. It is the city of churches. The city \» divi- ded into eleven wards, and governed by a mayor and common council, and in its police arrangements is much superior to the neighboring city of NewYork. It is lighted Uiroughout with gas, which has also been generally intro- duced into the dwellings of the ricli ; and there is a project on foot for introducing into the city a supply of water rn>m the S. side of Long Island. At present, water is supplied from the public jmnips or cisterns; and in case of an ex- t*.-nsive lire, there is not a sufficiency. The charter ofHeers of the city are the mayor, comptroller, street cominissioner, commissioner of repairs and supplies, collector of taxes, and chi.*f of police; au'i for each ward an alderman ami assist- ant aldfiman, a supervisor, an assessor, a commissioner of excise, and constable. These are elected by the citizens, and form respectively boards intrusted with the city gov- ernment. The city clerk, the attorney and oounst-Ior, the health oHicer, the city treasurer, the sealer of weights and measures, the clerk of police and justices courts, the city surveyors, etc, are appointed by the common council. For jiolice purposes, the city is divided into four districts, each, except the first district (which has 4S), liaving ^2 police- men, under a captain and two assistant captains. The commerce of Brooklyn is relatively large ; but as (lie city is within the collection districtof NewYork. no se]>:irate returns are made in the published accounts. TIio river front of the city is literally fringed with wharves, and backed by extensive warehouses, while the Atlantic Dock and its im- mense stores enhance the importance of its shipping facili- ties. The dock contains 42\ acres, and the pier front, facing on Buttermilk Channel, has a length of 3.000 feet. Ships of the largest size ente#it, and unload into the a'ljoining stores by means of patent cranes, worked by steam-power. Otlu'r dock facilities are about to be built beyond Red ilodj:. There are four banks in the city, two savings' in- stitutions, and four fire insurance companies, witli numerous other associations for commercial and economical purposes. Its churehes number G^i, of which 11 are Ei>iseoi»al, 7 Ro- man Catholic, 6 Baptist, 6 German Reformed, f> Congrega- tional, 7 Presbyterian, 11 Methodist Episcopal, and each one, African Methodist Episcopal, Universalist, Unitarian, Frieinls, Sailors' Bethel. Congregational Methodist, Ameri- can Primitive Methndist, Protestant Slethodist, Second Ailvont, and Reformed Presbyterian. The city contains thirteen school districts, which ar; under the superintend- ence of the Board of Eilucation. It also constitutes one colored school district. The public schools are entirely free to children residing within the respective districts in whi<-h the schools are located. Each district contains a valuable district library, the use of the books being free to all the inhabitants of the district, both male and female. In the larger erance), and there is also a weekly edition of the "Eagle." The New York papers are deliv- ered here to citizens at the same time as in New York ; and as these generally contain more extended accounta of, and comments on current affairs, and arc conducted wilh more skill and talent, they have a nmch larg(;r circulation than the Brooklyn papers. The nearness of New York, indeed, affects every grade and profession in the same manner : few of the richer classes purchase their goods or provisions in Brooklyn ; and hence no department of life has the same vitality as it would have if the wealthy could be induced to purchase of their neighbor, instead of giving the profit of their custom to the traders |f the neighboring city. In many respects, however, BrookI}*u is only a sub- urb of the metropolis — a residence for business men, and not a mart of commerce. Brooklyn is connected with New York by five ferries: Hamilton Avenue Ferry and South Ferry (Atlantic-street), run to "Whitehall, in New York ; Fulton Ferry, from foot of Fulton-street, Brooklyn, to Fulton-street, New York ; Catharine Ferry, from foot of Maine-street, Brooklyn, to Catharine-street, New York ; and Jackson Ferry, fnitn foot of Jackson-street, Brooklyn, to foot of Govcrneur-street, New York. The steamboats on these ferries arc all of the first class, and commodious for carriages and wagons as ■well as passengers. The fare ou the three first is one cent for each passenger. Brooklyn was the scene of stirring events at an early stage of the Eevolutionary War. In August, 177G, this part of Long Island became the seat of strife, and tht* fortifications then thrown np by the patriots may still be seen, but are now imdcrgoing the process of demolition to extend city improvements. The principal of these is Fort Green, ■which will hence be known as Washington Park, and which will be devoted to recreation and health. Near the Navy Yard is tlic tomb in which are deposited the remains of 11.000 Americans who perished in the prison ships moored in the bay during the Revolution. At the conclu- sion of peace, in 17S3, BrookljTi contained only bd houses; nor was it until the period between 1^20 and 1^0 that it began to receive the overflowing population of Xew York. Since then it has rapidly increased, and in all probability the census of ISGO will find it a city of 200,000 souls. The only drawback, indeed, to its unlimited settlement, seems to be the want of a sufficient supi)!y of water for so large a population as cu-cumstances would indicate to be its destiny to contain. Brooklyn, t and p. v., Cuyahoga co., OMo: on a cr. of Cuyahoga r., 120 m. N. E. Columbus. The Cleveland and Columbus R. B., and Cleveland and Sandusky E. E. pass through the t immediately west of Clevt-land. Pop. 6,3T5. Brooklyn, I. and p. v., Susquehannah co., Fenn. : 133 m. N. N. E. Harrislnirg. Brooklyn, p. v., Halifax co., Tirff. : 97 m. S. "W. Rich- mond. Brooicneal, p. v., Campbell co., Virff. : on the N. side of Roanoke r., 92 m. W. by S. Richmond. Brooks, t. and p. o., Waldo co., Me. : S" m. E. by N. Augusta. Brook's Gbote, p. o., Livingston co., A'. Y. : 212 m. W. Albany. Brook's, p. o., 'Jasper co., Tnd. : 96 m. N. W. Indian- apolis. Brook'6 Tan Yard, p. c, Macon co., Ten7i.: 49 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Brooksvillr, p. T., Blount co., Aln. : on a cr. of Ten- nessee r., 123 ra. X. by W. Montgomery. 82 Brooksville, p. v., Randolph co., Ga. : 183 m. S. W Milledgeville. Brooksville, t. and p. v., Hancock co,, JA=. ; on E. aide of Penobscot Bay, 49 m. E. Augusta. The t. occupies a peninsula navigable on three siiles. I'op. 1,333. Brooksvill?:. p. o., AlhemarU' co., Virg.: on the Virgi- nia Central R. K., ^\ m. X. W. Richmond. Brookville. p. o., Ogle CO., III. : on E. side of Elkhorn cr., 22G m. N. Springfield. Brookville, t., p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Itifh : be- tween the forks of Mhitrwater r.. about 2 m. X. of their junction, and 08 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. It atso lies on the Whitewater Canal, 31 m. from Lawreiu-ehurg. Its manufactures are considerable. Two new.spapcrs. the " Franklin Democrat" and the " Indiana American" (whig), are published weekly. Brookville, p. o., and cap. Bracken co., Kij. : 62 m. N. E. Frankfort. Brookville, p. v., Montgomery co., Md,: on Reedy or. of Patuxent r., 37 m. N. W. Annapolis. Brookville, p. v., Noxubee co,. Miss. : lOS m. N. E. Jackson. Brookville, p. v., Marion co., Mo. ; on S. side of South Fabius r., 93 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Brookville, p. v., Granville co., J^. Car. : 47 m. N. Raleigh. Brookville, p. v., Gcncssee co., 2^. T.: 226 ra. W. Albany. Brookville, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Penn. . on N. branch of Red Bank cr. of Alleghany r., 156 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. It is a flourishing village, and has two news- papers, the " JefTersonian" (dem.) and the "Jefferson Star" (whig), issued weekly. Pop. 703. Brookville, p. v,, Jefferson co., la. : 92 m. S. by W, Iowa Cily. Beoome county, X. Y. Situate S. W. middle, and con- tains 627 sq. ra. Drained by Susquehanna r. and its tribu- taries, Chenango, Tiouglmioga, Nanticoke. Surface bro- ken and hilly, with extensive and fertile valleys bonlering the streams. Timber plentiful ; salt and su!])hur springs occur in several parts. Farms 2.497; inanuf. 229; dwell. 5,651, and pop.— wh. 30,241, fr. col. 419— total, 30,660. Cap- itul : Binghampton. Public Works: Chenango Canal; New York and Erie E, E. ; and several railroads to Alba- ny, Utica, and SjTacuse (in j)rogress). Broome Centre, p. o., Schoharie co., X. Y. : 23 m. S. W. Albany. Brotzmanville, p. v., Warren co., X. Jer. : on the E. side of Delaware r., 57 m. N. by W. Trenton. Brower, p. 0., Berks co., Penn. ; 54 m. E. N. E. Harris- burg. Brower's Mills, p. o., Randolph co., X. Car. : 73 m. W. Raleigh. Brown county, PI Situate W. on Hlinois r., and con- tains SOS sq. m. Drained by Crooked and M'Kee's creeks. Surface undulating jirairie, witli bottoms and bluffs along the Illinois. Farms SIS : inanuf. 73 ; dwell. 1,:>53, and pop. — wh. 7,I>>4, fr. col. 14— total, 7,I9S. Cupitid : Mount Ster- ling. Brown county. T/k?. Situate S. ecnlrally, and contains 320 sq. m. Surface hilly, with fertile valleys and rich bot- toms. Timber abundant ; corn and hemp grow well in the bottoms; wheal, oats, and grass on the hills. Drained by Salt cr. and its tributaries, and Bear Blossom cr. Farms .Vi5 ; manuf. ; 5 ; dwell. 790, and pop.— wh. 4,827, tt. col. 19— total 4,S16. Oipitiil: Nashville. Brown county, Ohio. Situate S. W. on Ohio r., and con- tains 46S sq. m. Drained by White Oak, Spaight. Eagle, and Red Oak creeks. Surface generally level — on tlie Ohio somewhat broken; soils fertile, producing fine crops of wheat. Indian corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 1 ,^43 ; manuf. 92: dwell. 4,S3S, and pop.— wh. 26,520, (V. col. 813— total 27,332. Capital : Georgi'town. BRO BRU B.OWN county, W!sc. Situate N. E., at the hea.l of <,ro n Bav, an,t contains 4T2 »q. m. Surlacc d.vers.fied, ^ th w„;,dlan,l and prairie, and soil excellent. I arms ISO, manuf.2I: dwell. ),t.c3, and pop.-wh. 6,173, fir. col. 42- total 6 215. Capitul : De Terc. towl-riBLnf.. and p. v.. Oxford Co., M: : on .aoo r., 68 m. W. S. W. Augusta. Pop. l.-i2(). '^Bnow^•u..M, t and p. v., Lorain co. OTjo.- on Vernnl. lion r. of Lake Erie, 1..4 m. N. by K. Columbus. P. Vi.^ Browmkg, p. 0., Schuyler co., /«.: 89 m. W. ^. W. gpringflcld. , _ , ^ ^ Orleans co , T^™. : on Wil- Bi:owKisGTOX, t and p. v., uruans to., . lo,H.bv cr. of Barton r., 39 m. N. N. E. Montpeher The Oo,mec.icut and Passumsic Pavers E. K. pas.scs through ^^Z^Z!^, p. v., Butler CO., Penn. : 193 m.W. by N. "BS:::^L.O.C^™K.p.v.,Orlean,co.,,>™,.:39m. ^^;^rrUeMdis.,^C.,-.:.Om.N.Co. '" Bn "w^-s B.r^, p. 0., Sumter co., Ala. : on Tombigbee r 1 (IS m W. by N. Montgomery. r., 103 m. J e „ the line Bkownsdokocgh, p. v.. Oldham en., jxj.. of the LoaisviUe and Frankfort K. P.., 8T m. N. "ft . ^''£:L^o, p. v., Hendricks CO., In,.: 13 m. N. W. '''B:~KO,p.v.,Bueksco.,i.-».:on^.eidecf Delaware r., 123 m. W. llarrisburg. BKOWNSBiiKG, p. v., Eoekbridge CO., nrg.: 10b m. W. ''^^;Sr;^B, P.O., Kennebec CO., i/..:6m. distant ""Z^'c^^ p. o., Albemarle co., Tlro-.-n m. W.by N. Paehmond. ior m 1 "W Bi^owN-s GEOTE, p. o., Hamilton CO., Oh,o : ISC m. S. W. ^'"■s Mt.ts, p. 0., ^Vashington Co., 0>uo : 99 m. E. bv S. Columbus. BKOWN-6MaLS.p.o.,Burlinjlonco.,.V.r«. BnowN-a Store, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: S3 m. S. W "Cw::™.., p. v., seller CO., Ar,.: 133 m. W. S. W. "■ B™o->-. p. v.. -.1 cap. .Taokson co M : on the E skle of a branch of E. fork of White r., .51 m. S. Itid a,^- ap^lis. The "Jackson County Advocate" .s pubhshcd "bkIws-stow., t. and p. v.. Wayne co., ^^ck. :o. Lake Erie and Detroit r., «2 m. E. S. E. L;n-.S. T T. is located on i cr. of the same name, 2 m. from Iht lake. Pop. 1,047. , . w m Brown's Vallct. p. o., Montgomery Co., I,:''.. 42 m. •W. bv S. Indianapolis. „ ,, , Browssvillr, p. o., TaUadega co., .4Ja. .- Cb m. N. Mont. ^Tr^ssvilt.!: (/ijnwrfyGEAOT PE.™tR), P- v., and cap. Prairie CO.. j4 I*. Beow>-sv„.,.k, p. v.. rnion co.. /,»/.: ™/- ^"'^ "' White r., and on tlic line of the .TunctLon E. E., 64 m. E. bv S. Indianapolis. BKowNSVilLE. p. v., and cap. Edmonson eo., iQ/. . on ' the S. side of Green r., 103 m. S. W. Frankfort. Brownsv,t.lr. p. v., Cameron co., 7>. Austin L^tv. It is a nourishing v., and has considerable commerce with the river towns. Fort Brown was located here, and dves name to the v. The " Eio Grand Sentmel and "American Flag" are weekly newspapers published "BROWssvn.lE. p. v., Piscataquis co.. 3r^. : on Pleasant r. of the Piscataquis, 73 m. N. E. Augusta. 73 m. N. W. Browsstille, p. v., Waahmgton co., Md. Annapolis. Brownsville, p. v.. Hinds CO., JfMS. Brownsville, p. v., Saline co., J/«. ; on N. s.de of Black r SS m W. by N. Jefferson City. "Brownsville, p. v., Gr.anville co., iX. Car. : on Grass cr. of Koanoke r., 49 m. N. Ealeigh. ^ ^ jy Brownsville, p. v., Johnson CO., Ark. ; Sb in. W . ^ . « . Little Eock. . „,. „ ,? c,-, Brownsville, p. v., Licking CO., Ohw: 2b m. E. Co- lumbus. Pop. ISO. Brownsville, p. v., Fayette co., Penn. : on the E bank of Monongahela r., at the mouth of Bedstone cr. Ib9 m. W llarrisburg. The ^•atlonal Uoad here crosses the r. by a fine bridge. Three newspapers, the " B. Free Press and the •• B. Herald" (both whig\ and the " Cumberland Pres- hvterian," are published weekly. 'Brownsvhlle, p. v., MarlboMugh dist., S. Car Brownsville, p. v., and cap. Haywood co., Tenn.-liS n, W by S. Nashville. The line of the Mobile and Ohio 1 l; K will pass through or near tliis village. I iLwNsviLLE, p. V. Windsor co., r«v«..- 4S m. S. Mont- ""brown-town, p. v., Bradford Co., Venn.: 123 m. N. Brownville, t. and p. v., Jefferson co N. T.:on Lake Ontario, N. of Black r., 149 m. N. E. Albany The Cape Vincent Extension of the Watertown >°d /'"";^ ^;^_^ passes through the v., 76 m. from Kome and 21 m. from Cape Vineenl The lower falls of Black r. furnish exten- sive water-power, and below them the river is naMgable from the lakes. Pop. 4,2S2. Brownville. p. v., Ogden CO., mahTer. Brucetown, p. v., Frederick co., V<.rg.; 122 m.>. W. 'B"™E,P.v..Knoxco.,/,«..:nn.l>eF.sideWa. hash, 4 m. from the river and 92 m. S. W. Indianapolis. BrVceville, p. v„ Carroll co., M.: on B« Pipe er., ..9 m. N. W. Annai)..lis. r,; . « m W bv S Bri-ceville, p. v., Morgan CO., III. : 34 m. W. by ». ""br^mn'p 0., Carter co.. Ay. .• 110 m. E. Frankfort. BIN p. o. Butler co., r»,n. : V.>S m. W. narr.slmrg^ Breinoton. p. v., King and Queen CO., Urg.: « m. N. N. E. Kichmond. /.„ , -nr Bruin's Cross Eoabs, p. o., Parke eo., Jnd. : 69 m. W. Indianapolis. . Bri-l; LANniNG. p. o., west Baton Eonge pa.. La^ BRUMEiELnviLLE, p. V., Bcrks CO., re,m. : 5b m. E. N. E. "bS»S's, P.O., Davidson CO., i.A»'.: 04 m.W. "^Se— !p.v.,Dcflanceeo.,OMoMUm.K.^ "E:;TowN,p.v.,Putnamco../„<^:44m.W.by8. '-r™ county, i^r... Situate S.E.cc.ner. and contains 1,34U sq. m. Drained by tributaries of C ape Fear r which forms it. E. border, and Waceamaw r Surt; ee fl. t md marshv, and soils indifferent. Eiee and pme are Z '"aples! Farms SSo; maimf. SO; dwell. 771, ami pop. _wh. 3.651, fr. col. 319, si. 3,802_total 7.272. Cap.tat: "■;::™^CKeounty.n,..,. Situa.eS.ofNoaawayrand contains 6S0 sq. in. Drained by the head «» "-^ ., !°!;'^ r Surface diversified, and soils of moderaU< ferlil.tj, pro- duein" tbundantly Indian corn, oats, and tobacco 1 arms s^,n^^it;.rsr;c;;.r^:;:^"^-^^ Jslln^s^Ind^-ouiited the bests. ofMason^d Dix'on's line. Ships drawing not more than 13 feet can BRU BtJC pass the bar at low tUie. The v. is ISJ m. above the bar and S in. above the lighthouse on St. Simon's Island. The ship- jjitig of the district in 1850 was 5:i3 tons. The Rrunswick Canal extends to the Alatamaha r. 12 m., and it is proposed lo build a railroad from IJrunswick to Thomasville, with a branch lo Tallahassee, and olhur branches from Troupvilie to Albany and from Thomasville t. 119. Brush Cbeek, p. o., Eandolph co., N. Car. : 37 in. N. lialeigh. Brush Creek, p. o., Perry co., Ala. : 62 m. W. by N. Montgomery. Brush Ckeek, p. 0., Knox co., III. : lOS m. N. N. W. Springfield. Brush Hill, p. o., Du Page co., III.: 232 m. N. E. Springfield. BRusHLAJiD, p. 0., Delaware co., N. Y. : 63 m. S. W. Albany. Brush Euii, p. c, "Washington co., Peim. : 203 m. "W. llarrisburg. , Brush Mili-9, p. o., Franklin co., 2^^. J". ; on the line of the Northern (Ogdensburg) li. K., 6S m. from Pouse'a I'oint and 49 from Ogdensburg ; and 149 m. N. N. W. Albany. Brush Valley, p. c, Indiana co., I'ei. BucKi.iN, p. v.,Winnel>ai;o en.. ///. : i^i*." m. X. Sjirintrndd, El'ck Foi.xt, p. o., Jackson co., Ttjuu : 67 m. F. N. K. Kashvillo. Buck Prairie, p. o., Lawrence co., J/o.; on N. side of Honey cr., 138 m. S. W. .lefTerson City. BucKi'.AM, p. v.. Queens co., X. }'. : on Beaver Dam cr., 122 m. S. by E. Albany. Bucks county, Ptiuu Situate S. E. on Delaware r., and contains 54G sq. m. Drained by Neshaminy and Toliickon creeks, and the head waters of Perkiomen cr. Surface hilly, or rather rolling, but beautifully diversified, and soils of average fertility. Wheat and other grains are heavy crops. The county is noted for its pottery. Farms 4,707; manuf, 630; dwell. 9.757, and pup.— wh.54.oG6. fr. col. IJ^f, — total5G,091. Ciij/itiil: Doylestown. PiiUic JIo/A-.i; Nor- ristown. Doylestown, and New Hope R. E. ; Trenton and Philadelphia K. K. ; and Delaware Division of Pennsylva- nia Caiiuls. Br( Ks. p. T., Columbiana co., Ohio: 123 m. N. E. CoIanil)us. Bu(;K!-kin, p. 0., Gibson co., IiuL : 112 ni. S. W. Indiana- pglis. Bl'cksport, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Jfe. : on E. side of the Penobscot r., SO m. E. l)y N. Auj^usta. It has a fine harbor ani! considerable trade, especially in lumber. A ferry is established on the river. Pop, .3,3S1. Bl-ckspoht Cestee, i>. o., Hancock co., J^. .• 59 m, E. by K- Ausjuslii. BirriiST'^ivi', p. v., Somerset co., Peim. : lOS ra. W. by S. Uarrisburg. Bl'cksville. p. v., Bucks co., Perm.: 112 in. E. Harris- bnr^. BrcKsviLLi:, p. v., Horry dist., S. Cur.: 11-3 nu E. Columbia. BccK TooTU, p. o., Cattaraugus co., K T. : 25G m. 'W.S.W. Albany. BfovEcs, t.p.v., and cap. Crawford co., Ohio: on the S. side uf Sandusky r., 5(i ra. X. Columbus. It is one of the most flourishing towns of the Stale, and has consirlcra()le Irade, being central In a fine agricultural region. The "People's Forum" (dem.) is published weekly. The line of (lie Ohio and Indiana U. U. interaect-s it. Pop. 2.31.5. BrFL, p. v., Montgomery co., A'. 2' ; 52 ra. W. N. W. Albany. Birr.NA. Vista county, /<;. Situate N. W,, and contains 576 sq. m. Take'n from I'otlowattomie in 1551. B.UENA Vista, p. o., Carroll" co., Tenn.: SG m. W. by S. ^Qashville. BiTEN-A Vista, p. o., Prince George co., Jf(7. : 32 nu S. W. Annapolis. BrENA ViSTi, p. v., Atlantic co., .V. Jer.: 49 m, S. S. E. Trenton. Bl-kna VtSTA, p. o., Duplin co., K Car.: "I m. S. in- E. BrrxA Vista, p. o., JelTer?on co., fit'i. : 7G m. S. by E. Indianapolis. lk:t:NA Vista, p. o., Washita oo., Ark. : Si ni. S. by ^Y. Little Iloek. Blkna Vista, p. o.. Harrisi.n co., A';/.: 44 in. E. by N. Frankfort. ErnsA Vista, p. o., Monroe eo., Al-i.: 71 m. S. W. Mnnt- gnniery. BrF.N-A Vista, p. o., Sl.e[ttu-nson eo., IlL:Ti'o m. N. Sprini^field. BrK.vA Vista, p. o., Platte co., J/I*. ; 15G m. "W. by N. Jefferson Cily. Bl'i^na Vista, p. o., Chickasaw co., J/f.s.s-. ; V-:d m. N. E. Jackson. Bi'EN'A Vi'^ta. i>. o,, Clinton co.., /,i.: on tlie N. side of "Wapsipinieuii r. of the Mississippi, 42 m. E. by N. Iowa City. Bi-EXA A'isTA, p. o., Shelby eo., T'-x. : 237 m. E. N. E. Austin City. Bi-ENA Vista, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : DS m. X. W. Columbia. BriiKA Vi^TA, p. o., Marion eo., o'.r.: 7S m. S. W. Mil- ledge vi lie. BfKNA VisTA, p. o., Holmes CO., Ohio: OS m. N. E. Columbus. Bl'ena Vista, p. o., Pifl-tage co., Urn-. ; 14S m. N. Madison. BuENA Vista Furnace, p. o., Uoekbridgo co., Virrj.: 113 m. W. by N. Kiehmond. Bi-EXA Vista Si'eings, p. o., Logan co., K'j. : 144 m. S, W. Frankfort. Buffalo, p. v., Washita co., Ark. : SG in. S. I)y W. Litlle Bock. EirFFALo, p. v., White co., Jm!. : on the E. side of Tippe- canoe r., s3 m, N. W. Indianapoli.><. Buffalo, p. v., and cap. Dallas eo., Mo. : S3 m. S. by W JclTerstui City. BiFiALo, post city, port of entry, .ind cap. Frio co., .V i:.- at the outlet of Lake Erie, and Ih.- head of .\'iag;ira r., 2r)4 m. W. Albany. The city li^-s ()n BntTalo er.. which falls into llie lake, aiiii consiituh-s its barlmr. Tin- .lislance to Albany by railroad is 'Vi-i m., and by canal 3G4 m. LaU 42^ 53' N., and long. 7S^ 55' W. Pop. in 1S4U, 1S,213, and in 1S50, 42.26(1. Buffalo is the great cntrepfit between the north-west and the stales oltlie Atlantic sea-ljoar the rt-nil.-zvous lor a vast toimage employed on these western watrr-^. The harbor is s[>aeious and safe, the creek Iniving a dejith of 13 <»r 14 feci for a mile up, and being from 12 to 16 rods wide. Its only iibsirui'lion is the sand and gravel at its moulh, driven in by tjales of wind, but this dcf-ct has been obvia- ted by the extension of a pier 1..VII I ft-i-t long from the S. side of the entrance. This pier, which has a liLrht-hoiiso at its encl, oper.-ilfs as a breakwater, and. by confining tho creek, has cleared its channel, so that vessels drawing S feet pass in without dinicnily. The increasing commerce of the port, however, demau'ts greater accommodations, and several valuable improvemeiils arc projected in the har- bor. The land on which the city is buill rises by a very gentle ascent two miles fniin the water, and from its lii;rh<-r parts affords fine views of the neighboring sci-iu'ry. ihi- lake, the Niagara Biver. and Canada shore being within the view. i The city is laid out in bro.irivatc schools. The University of Butfalo was chartered in l'^4C, and has a medical department. The Young Men's Association, estabUshed in 1S35, is one of the best literary societies in the State, and has a fine library of fi,()00 or 7,000 volumes, and a select cabinet of mineral and zoological specimens. During the winter, a scries of lectures on literary and sci- entific subjects are delivered by eminent professors. The German Young Men's Association is a shiiilar institution, and has in its library nearly 2.000 volumes, chiefly valuable works in the German language. The rooms of both these are amply supplied with j>criodicals and newspapers. The j)ress of Buflido consists of the " B. Commercial Ad- vertiser," the oldest daily pajter in the city : a tri-weekly edi- tion is also issued ; the *' Patriot and Journal," weekly ; the ""Western Literary Messenger," monthly; the "B. Medical Journal and Monthly Review ;" the B. Daily Courier," of which tri-weekly and weekly editions are also published ; the " Morning Express," daily, tri-weekly, and weekly ; the "B. Kepublic," daily and weekly; the "Daily Queen City;" the "Evangelical Christian," semi-monthly ; the "B. Christian Advocate ;" the " "Wool-Grower and Magazine of Agriculture and Ilorticnllure," monthly; the " B. Path- finder," weekly; and the following, which are German publicatioas : '* Der "Weltburger," semi-weekly and week- ly ; the " B. Telegraph," weekly ; and the *'B. Democrat," daily and weekly. There are in the city about 40 churches: 3 are Episco- pal, 4 Presbyterian, 1 Associate Keforraed Presbyterian (Scotch), 1 liefornied Presbyterian, 1 colored Presbyterian, 5 Methodist Ei>iseopal, 4 Bsiptist. 1 I'nitarian, 1 t'niversal- ist, T Koman Cath-olic, 1 Lutheran, and 7 or 8 German churches of various denominations. The commerce carried on between Buffalo and Canada, in 1S50, amounted to $527,270, of which $230,190 was the value of exports, and .$.S07,074 of imports ; and the ship- ping employed in the transit of the merchandise represent- ed by these values, was — American vessels cleared, 2S2 (29,696 tons), and entered, 246 (26,;i52 tons) ; and liritish vessels cleared, 466 (73,897 tons), and entered, 47!J (75,640 tons). Total clearances, 74S vessels (103,593 tons), and total entrances, 719 vessels (101,992 tons). The value of imports from domestic lake ports, was $22,525,7S1, and of exportm, $44,5in,737. The arrivals, coastwise, numbered 3,558 vessels (1,255,430 tons), and the clearances, 8,599 ves- sels (1,263,907 tons). Tlie value of merchandise delivered by tlie Erie Canal, was .$41,859,270, besides which the rail- road from Albany delivered goods to the value of $6,041,456. Forming the material of this commerce, we find the .sugars of Louisiana, the cottons of Tennessee and Mississippi, the hemp of Kentucky, the furs of Missouri and the distant West, the copper of Lake Superior, the lead of Wisconsin, the agricultural and forest products of all the States border- ing on the lakes, the manufactures of New England and New York, and a small amount in bond and otherwise of Canadian products. The imports into BufTalo, in 1850, from the "Western States, consisted in part of 1,103,039 bar- rels of fiour, 3,6'>1.346 bushels of wheat, 2.59.5,378 bu>lu-Is of Indian com, 52.124,275 feet boards and scantling, 19,988,962 staves, 4,5G8,i'00 shingles, 161.110 boxes and 3,158 casks of cheese, 40,135 kegs and 2,203 barrels of but- ter, 53,807 bales of wool. lO.lSJ sheep, 46.448 live and 7.420 slaughtered hogs. etc. The exports consisted of the prop- erty landed at Buffalo from the Erie Canal, the Albany and Buffalo Kailroad, and the manufactures and jiroductions of the city itself; of these, castings, agricultural imple- ments, furniture, dry goods, groceries, etc., formed the great bulk, but included was almost every thing that is known to commerce. {For a full account oftht! coinmerce of Jiiifa- lOy cotusfdt Andrews* Jieport of the Trade and i 'ounnerce of the British North American Colonies icith the United t^tates, etc., presented to the V. A'. ,Senate [Dec. 23] in 1S51.) The shipping owned in the cnllection district of Buffalo, on the 30th June, ISoO, amounted to 39,679 tons, all of the class "permanent enrolled, and licensed," of which 23,083 tons were propelled by steam, and the whole engaged in the coasting trade. The number of vessels built in the year ending at the same date, was 7 [1,730 tons] — 1 brig, 2 schooners, and 4 steamers. Buffalo has 10 banks, and one savings' institution; also, including agencies, 44 fire, marine and life insurance com- panies. The railroads uniting Buffalo with Canada, the Great West, and the States eastward, are magnificent works. Those pointing east, are the great line terminating at Alba- ny, and there connecting with Ihe New England and Southern New York roads, and the navigation of the lluil- son; and the several lines uniting with the New York and Erie R.R., known as the Eufl'aloand New York City K. P., and tiie Buffalo, Corning, and New York E. II. The West is reached by the Buffalo and State Lino R. P., which con- nects with the system of roads in Ohio and the other lake States, and extends to the Mississippi Piver ; and Canada will be reached by the Buffalo and Brandtford P. P., the Great Western K. K., and others now being constructed. Railroads also nm to Niagara, Lewistown, etc. There are also several plank roads centering in Buffalo, and reaching back to the principal villages in the county. Buffalo was founded in ISOl by the Holland Land Com- pany, but for a long period it made little progress, since in 1814, when burned by the Brilisli, it did not contain more than 200 houses; nor was it until the Erie Canal opened a navigable passage from the lake to the Hudson River, that it exhibited any uncommon rapidity of growth. Since that period, however, its prosperity has been unbounded, and its rise in the scale of importance as a commercial city has been such as its original founders could never have dreamed of. It now ranks as the fourth city of the State, and the Iwelfth of the United States, in respect of jjopulation, and in a commercial point of view is surpassed by only three or four of our sea-board ports. EiTFFALO. p. t., Guernsey co., Ohio : on Buffalo fork of Seneca cr., 69 m. E. Columlms. Pop, S34. Bi'FFAi-o, t. and p. o., Washington co., Penn. : ISO m. W. Harrisburg. Buffalo, p. v.. Pern* co., Tenn.: ou Buffalo r. of the Tennessee, 6:i m. W. S. W. Nashville. Buffalo, p. v., Putnam co., Virg. : on the E. side of Great Kanawha r., 253 m. W. by N. Richmond. Bl-ffalo, p. v., Henderson co., Tat.; on the N. bank of Trinity r., 216 m. N. by E. Austin City. Bi'FFALO City, p. v., Marion co., Ark, : 104 m. N. Little Kock. BirrFALO Cef.kk, p. o., Campbell co., Tenn. : on a cr. so called of the S. fork of Cumberland r., 132 m. E. by N. Nashville. Buffalo Cross Roads, p. o., Union co., Penn. : 53 m. N. by AV. Ilarrishurg. Buffalo For.n, p. o., Wytlie co., Yirg,: 203 m. "W. by S. Richmond. BUP BUR i'.iTFALo ror.D. p. o., Ilandolph c'>.. -Al <^nr. : Gl) ni. W. Kalri-Ii. IJt FFALO FoROE, p. o., Eockbrldge co., Vtrg. : on Ilufihlo cr.. 123 m. W. Richmond. BiFFALO Grove, p. o., Ogle co., III. : ou Elkhorn rr., 2'i7 m. N. h:^priri|::fieM. Di'FFALo Heart, Sangamon co., III. : 23 m. N. E. Sprin^- fieUi. BiTFALo IIiLL, p. 0., Orange co., 2^. Cor. : 42 m. N. W. RalL-igh. Buffalo Laee, p. c, Marquette co., U7.sc'.; on the lake so called, 01 m. N. Madison. Buffalo Plains, p. o., Erie co., 2^. Y.: 249 m. W. Albany. Buffalo PnArare. p. v., Rock Island co., HI.: ISO m. N. N. W. Ppringficld. Buffalo Run, p. o., Centre co,, Penn. ; 67 m. W. N. W Harrisburg, Buffalo EtrN, p. o., Monroe co., Virff. : 163 m. W. Eichmond. Buffalo Springs, p. o., Aruherot oo., Mrj.: 02 m. W. Eichniond. BuFOKD, p. v., Ohio CO., Ki/. : 124 m. W. S. V,\ Frank- fort. BuFORD, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: 73 m. S. W. Co lunibiis. Buforb's, p. o.» Bedford co., Virg.: 123 m. W. Bich niond. Buford's ERrDGE. p. 0., Barnwell disL, S. Car. : on Sal- kawatehie r., 62 m. S. Columbia. BucGARO, p. 0., "Wilkes co., K Car.: ISO m. W. by N. Ealeigh. Bug Uall, p. o., Macon co., Ala. : 34 m. E. S. E. Mont- gomery. BULAH, p. o., Obion CO., Temi. : 164 m. W. Nashville. Bulger's Mills, p. o., Coosa eo., Ala.: 32 in. N. Mont- gomery. BrLLBONTJs' Grove, p. o., Will co.. III.: 213 m. N. E. Bpringncld. Bull Creek, p. o.. Wood co., Virg. : 243 m. W. N. W. Eietimond. Bullion-, p. o., Waukesha co., TT/^t. .* S6 m. E. Madison. Bullitt county, Ky. Situate N., and contains 24S sq. m. Drained by Salt r., which traverses it from E. to W. Sur- face generally rolling, but in N. E. uneven ; soils moderately fertile. Wheat, oats, and com are the iirineipal products. Some salt is made in the county. Farms 562 ; manuf. 14 ; dwell. 9Ti>, and pop.— wh. 5,392, fr. col. 27, si. 1..3.w— total 6.774. C«7>(Vu^.' Shepherdsville. Public iru/-A-« ; Louis- ville and Nashville E. E. (projected). Bull Mili,*?. p. o., Taney co., Mo.: on Bull cr., 137 m. S. by W. Jetfersori City. Bullock county, Oa. Situate S. E., and contains $64 sq. in. Drain^'d by tributaries of Ogcechee r., which bounds the county N. E., and C'onnouchee r., which lies on the S. W. Surface low and sandy, and soils iniiifft-rent. Cotton is the chief product, Farms412: luainif. 3; dwell. 477, and pop.— wh. 2,S40, fr. col. d, si. 1.40i}— total 4,300. CapiUd : Statcsboro'. Bullock Cref,k, p. o., York dist., S. Cir.: on a or. so called of Broad r., 71 m. N. by E, Colnmbia. Bull Eun, p. o., Grainger -• >., Tenn. : on Bull Eun cr. of Clinch r., l.")9 m. E. Nashville. Bull's Head. p. o,, Duchess co., K. Y. Bull Swamp, p. o., Orangeburg rllst.. X Car. BuLLTOWN, p. v., Braxton co., Virg. : on Little Kana- wlia r., ISS m. W. N, W. Eichmon m. from Eouse's Point and 69 from Ogdensburg. Pop. 2,777. Burke, t. and p. o., Caledonia co., Venn.: on brau'-hes of Passnmsic r.. 34 m. N. E. Montpeber. Burlu- Mountain in the S. E. of the town, is 3.5'(0 fi'et high. P<>P. 1.103. EintKE's Garden, p. o., Tazewell co., Virg.: 236 m. W. Eiclmiond. BuRKFSviLLE. p. o., and cap. rimiberland co.. K>/. : on the N. side of Cumberland r., lOS m. S. by W. Frankfurt. ^7 BUR Trince Eaward cu., Vir'j.: W m. , Tr. Car. BuExsviLLE, p. v., and cap. Yancey co., if. Car. : 203 m. W. Ealeigh. EUR BUT BuKNsviLLE, i>. v., M'Donougb co., JIL : lOT lu. N. W. Springfield. BcRNSviLLE, p. v., Dallas co., Ala.: 59 m. W. Mont- gomery. Burnt Cablns, p. o., FulUm co., Pen.ii. : 1-k m. W. S. "W. narrisburg. Burnt Corn, p. o., Monroe co., Ala, : 74 m. S. S. W. Montgomery. Elknt Hills, p. o., Saratoga co., X. Y. : 23 m. N. Albany. BrENT Oedinabv, p. o., .James City co., Tinj. : 49 m. E. by N. Richmond. BuKNT Pkauue, p. c, WbiU: co., lU.: 19S m. S. E. Springfield. Burnt Qcartfr, p. o., Dinwiddie co., Yirg. : 33 lu. S. S. W. Richmond. Burnt Shop, p. o., Orange en., X. Ctir. Bi'RNT Stand, p. o., Carroll co., Gu.: 112 m. N. "W. Mil- ledgcville. BuRNTvijLLE, p. V., Bruuswick CO., Virg. : C3 m. S. 3. "VV. Kichmond. BcR Oak, p. o., Mercer co., Mo. : 15'2 m. N. N. W. Jvf- ferson City. BuRRiLLTiLLE, t. and p. v.. Providence co,, 7?. T. : on Branch r. of the Blackstone, IT nL N. AV. Provideurc. It lias excellent water-power and some manufactures. Pop. S,53S. BuER Oaks, t. and p. o., St. Joseph co., Mich. : on Prairie r., T4 ra. S. S. W. Lansing. The Michigan Southern R. R. passes through this place, 110 m. from Monroe, and 133 m. from Chicago. Burr's Fehrt, p. o., Sabine par., Za.: on the Sabine r., 21G m. N. ^V. by \V. Baton Rouge. Burr's Mills, p. o., JcQ'orson co., X. T.: 138 m. N. W. Albany. Burrsttlle, p. v., Caroliiie co., Md. : 44 m. E. S. E. Annapolis. Elrrsville, p. v., Russell co., Ala. : 73 m. E. Mont- gomery. BuRKTiLLE, p. 0., Litclificld CO., CoHJi.: Oil tho Hnc of the Naugatuck I^ R., 57 m. from Bridgeport, and 23 m. "W. by N. Hartford. BuRSONViLLE, p. V., Bucks CO., Putn. : lOS m. E. Ilar- risburg. BuKTOx, p. v., Adams co., III. : 126 m. W. Springfield. BuT-ToN, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : {nee Alle- ghany). Pop. 1,037. Burton, t. and p. v., Geanga co., Ohio : on Cuyahoga r., 141 m. N. E. Columbus. Pnp. I,m;4. Burton's, p. o., Tishemingo co., Miss.: 206 m. N. E. Jackson. Burton's Corners, p. o., Boono co., III. : 292 m. N. by E. Springfield. Burtonsvtlle, p. v., Montgomery- co., X. Y. : 32 m. "W, by N. Albany. BuRTONsviLLE, p. V., Daricn co., Kij. : 129 m, W. by S. Frankfort. BuRTONTON, p. v., Copiah CO., Mis'!. : on Bayou Pierre, 85 m. S. W. Jackson. BuRTViLLE, p. v., M*Kean co., Penn. EuRWELL's bay, p. o.. Isle of Wight eo., Virg. : on a bay of James r. so called, 63 m. S. E. Uiehmond. BusBAYViLLE, p. V., llouston CO., Git. : 42 m. S. W. Mil- ledgeville. Bush Kill, p. o., Fiko co., Penn.: 142 m. N. E. Ilar- risburg. Bushnell's Basin, p. o., Monroe co., X. Y. : on tho Erie Canal. 2.j6 m. from Albany, and 108 m. from Buffalo. BuBHNELLSviLLE, p. V., Grccnc CO., X. Y. : 43 m. S. by "W". Albany. Bush's Mills, p. o., Lewis co., Tirg.: 194 m. "W. N. "W. Richmond. Bush's Store, p. o.. Laurel co., Ky. : at the head of the 8. fork of Rock Castle cr. of Cumberland r., 02 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. BusnviLLE, p. v., Franklin co., Ga. : OS ni. N. by E. Mil- ledu'eville. Busiiwh;k, t., King's co., X. Y. : on Isewli^wn cr., 149 m. S. by E. Albany. Pop. 3,739. Bueuv Creek, p. o., "Williamson co., IW. : 22 m. N. Austin City. Business CoENEa, p. o., Yan Burcn co., la. : 62 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Buskirk's Bridge, p. o., Washington co., X. Y. : on lloosie r., 24 m. N. E. ^Ubany, and on the Troy and Boston R. R., 21 m. from Troy. BusTi, t. and p. v., Chaulauque co., X. Y. : on tlic S. side of Chautauque Lake. 2S3 m. W. S. W. Albiiny. P. M>'.U. BusTLKToN, p. o., Philadelphia co., J't-nn. : 93 m. E. Ilarrisburg. Butciiee'r Store, p. c, Randolph co., Virg.: 1G2 m. W. N. W. Richmond. IJuTii Creek, p. o., Marion co., Oreg. 7\*i: : on the creek so called, 23 m. N. E. Salem. BuTEViLLE. p. v., Marion co., Oreg. Ttr. : at Ibo mouth of Bute cr., 18 m. N. E. Salem. BuTLEu county, Ala. Situate centrally in S. dist., and contaiiLs 964 sq. m. Drained in the S. and I';, by tributa- rius of (.^oiiccidt r.. and in tlie N. W. by creeks of Alabama r. Surface undulating, and soils of average fertility. Corn and euttoii are the chief products. Farms 553; manur. 11 ; dw^-ll. 1,210, and pop.— wh. 7.162, fr. col. 35, si. 3,i;:;0— total lo,S36. Capital : Greenville. Butler county, Ja. Situate N. E.. and ctmtains 576 sq. m. Taken I'rom Pottowattomie in 1-^51. Butler county, Ky. Situate W. cenlrally, and contains r»60 sq. m. Drained by triliutaries of Green r., whirli runs through it. Surface irregular, and soils fertile, prnilm-ing wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. Farms 629; inanuf. 8; dwell. S97, and poj).— wh. 5,056, fi-. col. 13, si. 6Sl— tulal 5,755. Capital : Morgantown. BuTi.ER county. Mo. Situate S. E. on State line, and con- tains 640 sq. in. Drained by St. Fran(;'ut the soils highly fertile. Wheat, Indian corn, buckwheat, etc.. are the cliief products. Iron is found. Farms 2.945 ; manuf. 148 ; dwell. 5,254. and pop.— wdi. 30.262. fr. col. ?4r— total 3it.346. Capital : Butler. Public Works: Pennsylvania anri Ohio R. R. Bl'tlek, p. v., De Kalb co,, ImL: 122 m. N. K. Indian- apolis. Butler, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. BiiTLEH, p. v., Rieldand co., Ohio: ,52 m. N. by E. Coluiid»us. Butler, t. .and p. v., Wayne co., X. Y : l.'O m. W by N. Albany. Pup. 2.272. Butler, p. v., and cap. (^'hoctaw co., Ala. : 1 12 m. W. by S. Montgomery. Butler, t.. p. v.. .and cap. Butler CO-, Pf^n).: on Cone- quenessing cr. of Beaver r., 162 m. W. liv X. Ilarrisburg, It is a hantlsome v.. with some man'ifartures. and has Ihreo newspapers, the "■Butler County Whig," tho •■ I)em'XTatic S9 BUT CAD Hcnild," and the " Bullur Democrat," issued weekly. Pop. 1,1M. EuTLEE, p. v., Frauklin par., La. : IIT m. "W. Baton Eouge. BuTLEB, p. v., Milwaukie co., Whc. : 14G m. E.Madison. Butler, p. v., Fulton co., Ky. : 204 in. W. S. W. Fninkfort. Butler, p. v., Keokuk co., Ja. : 62 m. S. W. Iowa City. Butler, p. v., and cap. Dodge co., JIo. : 156 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. Butler's Landing, p. o., Jackson co., T^'iui.: on E. side of Cumberland r., 69 m. E. N. E. Nashville. BuTLEBSviLLE, p. V., Andcrson dist., S. Car.: lis m. W. by N. Columbia. BoTLERviLLE, p. T., Butlcr CO., Ala. : 116 m. "W. by N. Montgomer)'. BuTLERviLLLE, p. V., "WaiTen CO., 07do : 73 m. S. W. Colunibus. BcTTAiiATcnr, p. o., Monroe co., Miss. : on r. so called, 178 ra. N. E. Jackson. BiTTiE county, Calif. Situate N. E. between Sacramento r. and the E. State line. Drained chiefly by Feather r. and its branches, and also by numerous streams tributary directly to the Sacramento. The whole is included in the Gold Kegion, and has been very productive of that metal. Much of the soil, especially of the valleys, is rich and fer- tile, and well adapted to agricultural purposes. Pop. in 1S50, about 4,TSG. Butte des Moets lakes, Wise. : these lakes are expan- sions of the Neenah or Fox r. Great Butte des Moris lake, 4| m. above Lake Winnebago, is 8} m. long and from 1 to S m. wide, and Little Butte des Morts lake, immediatt-ly below Winnebago rapids, is 4} m. long and about a mile wide. Butte des Morts, t. and p. c, Winnebago co., Wise. : on Fox r., 153 m. N. N. E. Madison. The town takes its name from some mounds within it, which tradition says are the resting place (HiUs o/i/is DeatJ) of Indians slain in a great battle. These are now grown over with grass, and present much the same appearance as the ancient mounds so profusely scattered through the West. BuTTEviLLE, p. V., SuttcT CO., Calif.: on the E. side of Sacramento r., 76 m. N. by E. Vallejo. BuTTEitFLY, p. o., Oswcgo CO., N. T. .' 141 m. W. N. W. Albany. BuTTERjnLK CnA>-NEL, K. Y. : the passage between Long Island and Governor's Island, in the harbor of New York. Buttermilk Falls, p. o., Orange co., J\1 3' ; on Hudson r., 84 m. S. Albany. The falls from which the p. o. is named arc 2 m. below West Point, and consist of a beauti- ful and romantic cascade falling into the Hudson r. BuTTEKNUT litDGE, p. 0., Saudusky CO., Ohio : 9S m. N. Columbus. Butternuts, t and p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : on Butter- nuts and Unadilla creeks, 82 m. W. by 9. Albany. The p. o. was formerly named Gilbertsville. Pop. 1,927. Butt's county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 3S6 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Ockmulgeo r. Surface level and soils good. Cotton and Indian corn are the prin- cipal products. Farms 891; manuf. 14; dwell. 642, and pop.— wh. 3,630, fr. col. 3, si. 2,S05— total 6,438. Capital: Jackson. BuTZTOWN, p. v., Northampton co., Penn. ; 94 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Buxton, t. and p. v., York co.. JM .' on E. side of Saco r. 62 m. S. W. Augusta. The r. has here a fall of SO feet, and fumislies excellent water-power. Pop. 2,995. Buxton Centee, p. o., Y'ork co., Mj. : 63 m. S. W. Augusta. BuvcKSVTLLE, p. V., Coosa CO., Ala.: 31 m. N. Montr gomcry. Bur/.AitD's Roost, p. o., Franklin co., Ala.: IS m. W. Tuscunibia, and 207 N. W. Montgomery. 30 BvBERRY, t. and p. o., Philadelphia co., Penn.: on Po- qucssing cr., 9S m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Byersville, p. v., Livingston co., X. Y.: 202 m. W. Albany. Byesville, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio : 79 ra. E. Columbus. Byfield, p. v., Essex co., Jfasti. : on Parker r., which has falls, and furnishes good water-power, 2S n\. N. by E. Boston. Dummer Academy, founded by the lieutenant- governor of that name in 1756, is located here. Byualia, p. v., Marshall co., J/w^. ; 167 m. N. Jackson. Byington, p. o.. Pike co., Ohio: 60 m. S. Columbus. Bvler's Mill, p. o., Morgan co., Mo, : on a cr. of Osage r., 54 m. W. S. W. Jelfersun City. Byeneville, p. v., Harrison co., Ind.: 113 m. S. Indian- apolis. Byron, p. v., La Porte co., Ind. : on the line of the Northern Indiana K. K., 12S m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Byron, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 52 m. S. W. Co!unil)U3. Byron, p. v.. Ogle co., Hi. : on the W. side Kock r., 146 m. N. by E. Springfield. Byron, p. v., Oxford co., 3fe. : 49 m. W. by N. Angusta. Byron, p. o., Shiawassee co., Mich. : on the E. side of Shiawassee r., 32 m. E. by N. Lansing. Byron, t and p. v., Genessee co., X. Y. : on Black cr. of Genessee r., 217 m. W. Albany. There are several suli)hur springs in the town. The Buffalo and Eochester E. E. passes through the village, 51 m. from Buffalo. P. 1,566. Bykon, t. and p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 106 m. N. N. E. Madison, and 6 m. S. of the base of Lake Winne- bago. Pop. SS2. Cabaeeas county, K Car. Situate 9. W., and contains 432 eq. m. Drained by the tributaries of Eoeky r. of the Yadkin. Surface hilly and somewhat broken; and soils of average fertility, producing wheat, Indian corn, and cotton largely. Farms 875; manuf. 44; dwell. 1,296, anj pop.— wh. 6,943, fr. col. 119, si. 2,6S5— total 9,747 Capital : Concord. Cabeli. county, Virff. Situate W. on Ohio r., and con- tains 6S0 sq. UL Drained chiefly by the tributaries of Guy- andotte r., which flows throughout it. Surface hilly and broken, and the soils indifferent. Wheat and Indian corn are the chief products. Coal is plentiful. Farms 4PS ; manuf. 33 ; dwell. 976. and pop.— wh. 5,904, fr. col. 0, si. 8S9 — total 6.299. Capital: CabeU C. H. Fuhlie Works: Guyandotte R. E. Cabell C. H., p. v., and cap, Cabell co., Virff. : 273 m. W. Richmond. Cabin Ceeek, p. o., Lewis co., JT//. ; on a creek so called of the Ohio r., 86 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. Cabin Hill, p. o., Delaware co., A'. Y.: 63 m. S. W, Albany. Cabin Hill, p. o., Elkhart co., Tnd. : 12S m. N. Indian- apolis. Cabin Point, p. v., Surrey co., Virff. : near Chipoak cr. of James r., 3S m. S. E. Richmond. Cabotville (See CniroPEE). Cabot, t. and p. o., Caledonia co.. Verm.: 17 nL N. E. Montpelier Po,.. 1,356, Caoapon DepOt, p. o., Morgan co., Virff.: on Great Caeapon cr. of the Potomac. 146 m. N. by W. Richmond, and by the Baltimore and Ohio R. R., 133 m. from Balti- more. Cacaponville, p. v., Hampshire co., Virff. : on Little Caeapon cr., 142 m. N. by W. Richmond. CAcnBMAsso, p. o., Dallas co., Ark:: 53 m. S. Little Rock. Caddo pariah, la. Situate N. W. between Rod r. and State line, and contains 1.036 sq. m. Well drained by creeks and bayoux of Red r. Lake Caddo occupies tho CAD CAL whole centre nf the county. Farms 3D5: te to ihe tiulf of Mexico. Near its mouth it expands into a lake aliuul 20 m. long and from 1 to 10 m. wide. The tide rises to Iho head of the lake, but both lake and river arc too shallow for a certain navigation. CALCASiEr parish, La, Situate S. W., between Sabine r. and Bayou Mernientcau, and contains 5,4(10 sq. m. Dr;iin- ed chiefly by Calcasieu r. and its numerous tributaries. Surface low, swampy, and containing several large lagoons. Cotton and sugar are the principal products. Farms 239; dwell. 543, and pop.— wh. 2,716, fr. col. 241, si. 957— total 8,914. Capital: Lisbon. CALruTTA, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 130 m. E. by S. Columbus. Pop. 147. Caldwell county, Ey. Situate W. on Tennessee r., and contains 5SG sq. m. Drained by tributaries of tin; Ten- nessee and Cumberland, the latter of which runs through it, and by the Treadwater cr. of the Ohio r. Surface lovel or undulating, and soils fertile, producing largely of wlieat, Indian com, oats, and tobacco. Iron is found in the county. Farms ss9; manuf. 35; dwell. 1,746, and pop. — wh. 9,S09, fr. col. 132, si. 3,Hi7— total 13,043. Capital: Eddyville. Caldwell parish, La. Situate centrally in W. Dist., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Wachita r. and tributaries. Surface E. level and alluvial — W. finely variey Uie l(iroduring any crop, except sngar-eane, now cullivated in the Atlantic States of the Union. There are many l)eautirul valleys and rich hill-sides among the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, ■which, when the profits of labor in mining shall be reduced so as to cause its application to agriculture, will probably support a large population. There is said to be a rich belt of well-timbered and watered country extending the whole length of the gold region between it and the Sierra Nevada, some twenty miles in width. There is no information sufficiently accu- rate respecting the eastern slope of the great snowy range, to enable us to form any opinion of its general character or soil. Some of its valleys have been visited by miners, who represent them as equal to any jiorlion of the country to the westward of it The great valley of the Colorado, situated between the Sierra Madre and the Sierra Nevada, is but little knoM-n. It is inhabited by numerous tribes of savages, who manifest the most decided hostility toward the whites, and have hitherto prevented ony explorations of their country, and do not permit emigrants to pass through it. There- fore, parties from Santa F§, on their way to California, arc compelled to make a circuit of near a thousand miles north- ward to the Salt Lake, or about the same distance southward by the route of the Oila. Although this valley is little known, there are indications that it is fertile and valuable. The name of the river "Colorado" is descriptive of its waters; they are as deei)ly colored as those of the Mis.souri or Ked liiver, while those of the Gila, which we know flows through barren lands, are clear. It would seem inii)Ossil)le for a large river to collect sediment enough in a sandy, barren soil, to color its waters .so deeply as to give it a name among those who flrst discovered and have since visited its shores. The probabilitj-, therefore, is, that this river flows through an alluvial volley of great fertility, which has never been U CALIFORNIA. explore']. This conjecture is strengthened hy the fad thut the IiKiiuns who inhubil it are ho^tik-, an-i npinise. as lUr as tliey can, all pertnuii.s who attempt to enter or explore it. This lui.s been tlieir uuiforni course of coiuhict respecting all portions of liie continent which have been fi-rlile, aboun'ling in game and the spontaneous productions of the earth. As this valley is situated in the direct route from Santa F6 to Cahfornia. its thorough exploration becomes a matter of very grtrat iniporlance, esi)ecially as it is highly probable that tho elevated regions to the north of it, covered « itli snow during most of the year, will force the line of the great national railway to the Pacific through some portion of it. Tho Boil situated west of the Sierra Nevada, anuiJ-ili,irij was extensively emi)lo.\cd at the missions, and undiuibtedly increasere be encour- aged by government, in the survey and disposition of the public lands, as far as practicable. The fanner derives some very important benefits from the dry season. His crops in harvest-time are never injured by rain; he can with perfect confidence permit thcni to remain in his fields as long after they have been gathered as his convenience may require; he has no fears that they will be injured by wet or unfavorable wi-atlier. Hence it is that many who have long beea accustomed to that cliuKite prefer it to the changeable weather east of the Hocky Mountains. As already stated, t lie forests of California south of latitude 39*^, ami west of the foot-bills of tho Sierra Nevada, are limited to detatched, scattering groves of oak in the valleys, and of red-wood on the ridges and on the gorges of the hills. It can be of no practical use to speculate on the causes which have denuded so large an extent of countr}', further than to ascertain whether the soil is or is not favorable to the growth of forest trees. When the dry season sets in, the entire surface is covered with a luxuriant growlb of grass and oat.s, which, as the sunmier advances, become perfectly dry. The remains of all dead trees and shrubs also become dry. These materials, therefore, are very combustible, and nsually take fire in the latter part of summer and beginning of autumn, which commonly passes over the whole country, destroying in its course the young shrubs and trees. In fact, it seems to be the same procesJ5 which has destroyed or prevented the growth of forest trees on the prairies of the Western States, and not any quality in the soil unfriendly to their growth. The absence of timber and the continuance of the dr>' season are apt to be regarded by farmers, on first going into the country, as irremediable defects, and as presenting obstacles almost insurmountable to the successful progress of agriculture. A little experience will modify these opinions. It is soon ascertained that the soil will yjroduco abundantly without manure ; that flocks and herds sustain themselves through the winter without being fed at the farm- yard, and consequently no labor is necessary to provide forage for them; that ditches are ea.sily dug, which present very good barriers for the protection of crops until live fences can be planted and have time to grow. Forest trees may be planted with little labor, and in very few years attain a sufficient size for building and fencing purposes. Time may be usefully emi)loyed in sowing various grain and root crops during the wet or winter season. There is no weather cold enough to destroy root crops, and therefore it is not necessary to gather them. They can be used or sold from the field where they grow. The labor, therefore, required in most of the old States lo ftdl the forests, clear the land of rubbish, and prepare it for seed, may here be applied to other objects. All these things, together with the perfect securiti/ of all crops in 7itairu'd by merely asking for it — a royal decree, granting to them all the lands they might rc(iuire in thai remote country for ecclesiastical purposes. There liave been some intimations to that eflect, but notlihig \$ dii*tinelly known. These missions embrace ■within their limits some of the most valuable hiiids in the State, anti it is very important that it should be ascertained whether iliey belong to the government or may be justly claimed by individuals. Mo?t of the land tU for cultivation south of latitude ^9°, and west of the valley of the Sacramento and San Joa(iuin, is claimed under what purport to be grants from the Mexican government. On most of these grants the minerals and metals are reserved to the government;, conditions were eoupled with many of them which have not been complied with ; in other*, the boundaries described embrace two or three times as much land as the grant conveys. The Mexican law required all grants made by the provincial government, with few exceptions, to be crfhflrmed by the supreme goTcrnnienU The great distance which fccparate them, and tlie nnfrcquent or difficult means of communication, made a compliance with the law so expensive and tardy that it came to be almost disregarded. There were other causes which led to this neglect. Previous to the treaty with Mexico and the immigration of American citizens to that countrj', land was not regarded as of much value, except for grazing purposes. There was room enough for nil. Therefore, the claimants or proprietors di(] not moIe.«t one another, or inquire into the validity of titles. These extensive grants are described by natural boundaries, such as mountains, bays, and promontories, which, in many instances, might allow of a variation of several miles in the cstabli'^hment of a corner witli chain and cfimpase. liy the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States purchased all the rights and interests of Mexico to and in California. This purchase not only embraced all the lands whicli had not been granted by Mexico, but all the reserved minerals and metals, and also reversionary rights whieJi might accrue to Mexico from a want of compliance on the part of the grantees with the conditions of their grants, or a want of perfec- tion ill the grttnis. The lands in the northern part of the State, above 30°. have not been explored or granted. They are supposed to embrace an area of about twenty millions of acres, a large portion of which is doubtless valuable for its timber and soil. Comparatively few grants have been obtained in the great valley of the Sacramento and San Joaquia. This vast tract, therefore, containing, as is estimated, from twelve to fllleen millions of acres, belongs mostly to the government. South of this valley and west of the Colorado, within the limits of California, as indicated in licr constitu- tion, there are said to be extonsive tracts of valuable unappropriated land ; and, on investigation, it will probably appear that there are many of them in detached bodies whicli have not been granted. The gold region of California is between 400 and 500 miles long, and from 40 to 50 miles broad, following the line of the Sierra Nevada. Further discoveries may, and probably will, increase the area. It eral)race.'i within its linnts those extensive ranges of hills which rise on the eastern border of the plain of the Sacramento and Sau Joa«iuia and, extending eastwardly from 50 to 60 miles, they attain an elevation of about 4,000 feet, and terminate at the base of tlic main ridge of the Sierra Nevada. There are numerous streams which have their sources in the springs of the Sierra, and receive the water from its melting snows, and that which falls in rain during the wet season. These streams form rivers, which have cut their channels through the ranges of foot-lulls westwardly to the plain, and disem- bogue into the Sacramento and San Joaquin. These rivers are from 10 to 15, and probably some of them 20 miles apart. The principal formation, or substratum, in these hills, is talcose slate; the superstratum, sometimes penetrating to a great depth, is quarts ; this, liowever, does not cover the entire face of the country, but extends in large bodies in \'arioU3 directions — is found in masses and small fragments on the surface, and seen along the ravines, and in the mountains overhanging the rivers, and in the hill-sides in its original beds. It crops out in the valleys and on the tops of the hills, and forms a striking feature of the entire country over which it extends. From innumerable evi- dences and indications, it has come to be the universally-admitted opinion, among the miners and intelligent men who liavc examined this region, that the gold, u-hether in detached jynrticle.s and 2neces, or in veinv, tons created iji comhination with t/is quartz. Gold is not found on the surface of the country, presenting the appearance of having l)ccn thrown up and scattered in all directions by volcanic action. It is only found in particular localities, and attended by peculiar circumstances and indications. It is found in the bars and shoals of the rivers, in ravines, and in what are called the "dry diggings." The rivers, in forming their channels, or breaking their way through the hills, have come in contact with the quartz containing the gold veins, and by constant attrition cut the gold into fine flakes and dust; and it is found among the sand and gravel of their beds at those places where the swiftness of the current reduces it, in the dry season, to the narrowest possible limits, and where a wide margin is consequently left on each aide, over which the walc-r rushes, during the wet season, with great force. As the velocity of some streams is greater than that of others, so is the gold found in fine or coarse particles, apparently corresponding to the degree of attritiou to which it has been exposed. The water Irom the hills and upper valleys, in finding its way to the rivers, has cut deep ravines, and, wherever it has come in contact with the quartz, has dissolved or crumbled it in pieces. In the dry season, these channels are mostly without water, and gold is found in the beds and margins of many of them iu large quantities, hut in a much coarser state than in the rivers, owing, undoubtedly, to the moderate flow and tempo- rary continuance of the current, which has reduced it to smooth shapes, not unlike pebbles, but has not had sufficient force to cut it into flakes or dust. The dry diggings are places where quartz containing gold has cropped out, and been disintegrated, crumbled to fragments, pebbles, and dust by the action of water and the atmosphere. The gold has been left as it was made, in all imaginable shapes— in pieces of all sizes, from one grain to several pounds in weight. The evidences that it was created in combination with quartz, are too numerous and striking to admit of doubt or cavil ; th^y arefomid in comhination in large quantities, A very large proportion of the pieces of gold found in these sihialions have more or less quartz adhering to them. In many specimens, they are so combined they cannot be separated without reducing the whole mass to powder, and sub- jecting it to the action of quicksilver. This gold, not having been exposed to the attrition of a strong current of water, retains in a great degree its original conformation. These diggings, in some places, spread over valleys of considerable extent, which have the appearance of an alluvion, formed by washings from the adjoining hills, of decomposed quartz and slate earth and vegetable matter. In addition to these facts, it is beyond doubt true that several vein-mines have been discovered in the quartz, tVom which numerous specimens have been taken, showing the minute connection between the gold and the rock, and indicating a value hitherto unknown in gold mining. These veins do not present the appearance of places where gold may have been lodged by some violent eruption. It is combined with the quartz in all imaginable foi-ms and degrees of richness. The rivers present very striking, ami it would seem, coneluaive evidence respecting the quantity of gold remaining undiscovered in the quartz veins. It is not probable that the gold 9G CALIFOKNIA. \n the dry «lijjrginle and useful varieties in different parts of the country. One of t\iese,phiu^ DoitglasH, first described by Douglas, is probably the grandest of the whole vegetable kingdom. It is found on the mountains about the Bay of San Fr-ineisco. and in some other sections of California, generally on elevated localities. Specimens of this tree occur of the height of 240 feet, the base of whose trunks have a circumference of nearly 60 feet. The trunk is quite destitute of branches, until above more than half the altitude, when they grow outward and upward in such a manner as to give the top the form of an inverted pyramid. From the ends of the branches hang the cones or seed-vessels, from 12 to 15 inches in length, and egg-shaped. The seeds are as large as a good sized bean, and furnish a common article of food to the Indians, who collect large quantities of them in the autumn, and pound them into a kind of cake, whieh is baked on healed stones. The wood is very fine-grained, and contains a great quantity of resin. The pimui Sabi/u'i^ p. Lambertiana, p. nohilis^ and p. restjiosa, are also fine species, though less in size than their gigantic relative. The former is, however, a large tree, being often found 110 feet high, and ti-om 10 to 12 in diameter. Among the elevated plains of Upper California it grows quite plentifully, as also on the low hills, near the coast, where it attains a larger size. The natives frequently build their tires against these trees to save the trouble of collecting fuel ; by this means, also, a sweet gum is made to exude from the trunk, which serves them for sugar. The white oak grows on the low and level parts of the country. It is not generally a large tree, being from 40 to 50 feet high, and from 2 to 3 feet in diameter at tly? base. The top is extremely thick and leafy, forming an almost impenetrable mass of bonghs. It is in some places very abundant. The gii**rciis 7iavalis occupies the prairies, river banks, and lower hills, and is 4 or 5 feet in diameter, with branches of corresponding dimensions, extending horizontally from the trunk. The live oak {q, virens) grows only on the highlands. It is from 2 to 5 feet in thickness, and from 60 to 70 in height. The maple, the ash, the beech, the chestnut, iu several varieties, compose large portions of the forests. It is impossible to give a full description of the flowering shrubs and plants of Calilbmia, so great is their variety and beauty. A species of raspberrj' {riOes specwsmn) is one of the most elegant flowering shrubs of the country. It is exceedingly abundant in some localities, and, with its long crimson stamens, and its deep green leaves, presents an appearance tnily lovely. The flowers bloom early in spring. In many places are found several species of 7nirmdus, one of which is from 3 to 4 f'^et in height, and is a very showy plant This country also has numerous species of pMox and Tieiich^niy and innumerable quantities of epilo- hiinn, anotJiera, or primrose, penUiem^n, papavef, or poppy, chfphi/iiinn, and S'll^'ia, A species of lily also grows here, the riKits of which are eaten by the natives. The Sciila 6«c(/Zf«;« grows along the whole coast; this is called by the natives " quamash^'' and the root forms a very common article of food. To prepare this for eating, a liole is made in the ground, and a number of .stones placed in it. on which a fire is kindled and kept burning until they are made hot, when the fire is extinguished, and the roots, wrappcy the natives, and even by travelers. A very useful plant to the natives is the helonias teriaec, the fibres of which are stronger than any hemp. Cords made of this are used by the Indians for the purpose of snaring deer and other animals, and one the thickness of the little finger is so strong as not to be broken by the largest elk. The gooseberry grows in California, and bears plentifully. The sand-hills and moors are covered with a great variety of syngenesious plants, and on the more fertile and humid soil grows a gaudy- flowered currant-bush, and a pretty species of honeysuckle. Perhaps the most remarkable shrub here is the i/fi/^fra, a poisonous plant, which, however, affects some particular constitutions only. liy contact with the skin, it produe.cs tumors and violent inflammation. It is a slender shrub, preferring cool and shady places, and bearing a trefoil crenated leaf. Two roots— the plants of which are ver}' beautiful— are used by the natives for soap ; these are called amole and samate. On the rocky coast of Monterey are immense collections of sea-weed, /»-chw pyrifoniU^ which N 97 CALIFORNIA. are said to have gathered there In such abundance as to have saved several vessels from splitting on the rocks when driven on them by the tempest, ' The animal kingdom in Califoniia U made up of most of the zoological varieties found east of the Rocky Mountains and of soine few species peculiar to the region itself. The black bear (»i-«!m Aniencama) is an inhabitant of .uany districts, and in its habits and appearance dilTers little from its congener of the north; the barren-ground bear (,.r«„ arctm) is of a lighter color, but in every other respect similar to the black bear; the grizzly bear (unmjh-o^) U also a denizen, and is the most formidable wild animal of the country. The Polar bear (,itrms maritime) is sometimes seen on Uie northern coast, but is evidently a stranger, borne down on floating ice from the higher latitudes. The raceoou iprooymi htor), the American badger (metes sat,wMm), the glutton or wolverine (giih /,«««), the common weasel {;«i«W« t-,^i/«,-«), the ermine (»«. ermhtm), the mink, martin, and skunk, are found in v.arious parts, and are valuable I, Tl"'"'' ^^ "'uo ''"'" ^'fT T '"''^' ■"""^■^""»- The species mostly seen are the common wolf (,luj,us Ameri. CO.™), the gray woir(i ffme«.s), the dusky wolf(/. n,Mll.),lbe black wolf (/. ater), and the prairie wolf (<-a,L Utran,) ro.ves are common, and of these two species exist, the red fox (c«n«/«to,«) and the gray fox (c. cinere^argenuuj). Of the cat tribe there are several species, as the cougar or puma Udh co,ic<,k>,% the northern lynx (/. cam„/,;,„„) the banded lynx (f./aecmt,,), and the red lynx (/ ru/a). These inhabit mosUy the dense forests and thieklv-wooded sides of the mountains, preymg on deer and other anim.als. In the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, as w"eU as on tnany parts of the coast, the common hair seal (plwca vitelihu,) is abundant, and follows the track of the salmon. The beaver c«*tor7SteO and the musk rat (JOer ^belM^ns) are also common, especiaUy at the confluence of the Sacramento with the Bay. The quality of the fur of these latter animals, however, is inferior to that obtained more to the north The moose (cen'm alc^) is foun.l in aU the woody and mountain regions, and near the coast, and the elk (cwn<« «,»«*" 'P^<'''^ <"■ «'•" f<"""l in various parts, as the black-ta. ed deer (e. „mcrot,x), the long-tailcd or jumping deer (e. louewu,), etc. ; and the prong-horned antelope (a fi^rafer) is found m considerable numbers. The mountain sheep, or argali («>« montaua). inhabits the loftiest and coldest mountains ; m its general appearance it resembles the large domestic sheep, but has horns out of all proportion lo Its body, and is covered with a coarse short hair, of a dingy brown color, which can scarcely be called wool The oison (ic/s Americamci) is seldom seen, but is not altogether unknown to the hunter. The sea otter ilutra marina-) is abundant along the coast, and at the mouths of rivers, and the land otter (I. Bra^Ueml^) is found in many parts of the country. 01 rats, mice, marmots, hares, rabbits, and squirrels, there are numerous species in all parts of the countrj- Among the feathered tribes of California, the first wortliy of notice is the great vulture (sai-coramp/ws CatifaniMnm) second only to the huge condor of South America, and closely alUed to it in many respects. It is met with alomr the whole coast; it is solitary in its habits, rapacious, of enormous size, and singular in conformation and appearance and seems to hold the same position in the scenery of this country as il3 European congener, the lammcrgever, in that o'ftho Alps. It buUds m the highest trees of the mountain forests, and only aiiproacbes the valleys in search o'f its carrion food When full grown, it measures about 4 feet 8 inches from beak to end of the tail, and from 9 to 10 feet from tip to tip of iu wmgs. Its color is brownish black, the bill and legs yellow, and its quUls are much esteemed by the hunter for making tubc« for his pipe. The turkey buzzard (cathai-ks aura) is also found here, but is not common, but the black vulture (camrUs atratm) is found in every part. The golden eagle (aywito c/mjsotm), the bald eagle (ag.iila leucocen/uiia) the osprey or flsh-hawk (aquila luilwa), the black hawk or peregrine falcon (/uieo ^e,-e(/,v« «»), the jer-falcon ( /u/cfl ulamlwm), and several others of kindred species, but of lesser note, are found here, as the sparrow-hawk the pi-eon- hawk, and the gos-hawk-the latter identical with the European species so celebrated in the royal sport of falranry Owls of various species are found throughout the country; and among the birds common to the temper.ate re<'ion of the continent may be mentioned the shrike, the robin, the cat-bird, the thrush, the lark, the red-wing, the cross-bill "the raven the magpie, the jay, tho wood-pecker in numerous varieties and species. In some parts of the south the humming-bh-d IS quite numerous, and swallows of every description-barn, clilT, and bank swallow^arc as common as in any other section of the Uniom There is probably no other country which jiroduces so many varieties of grouse, or in so great ""l^ T ■, "?'' '°'"-'' """^ "''™ "'■'' ^^"^ "'* ™ter-fowl, and the low lands near the ouUels of some of the streams m the Paciflc coast actually swarm with geese, ducks, widgeons, teal, cranes, curlews, snipes, and various other waders and swimmers. The swan (ajguu, huccinutor) is Uie largest swimming bird of the eountrv, and seems to dilfer nothine from the same species elsewhere. The white pelican {p. onocroUd,,,) is found on the coast, and large numbers fremient the bays and harbors. OtTthe coast, too, may be seen the mighty albatross; specimens of euormo.^ size are sometimes seen, measuring 4 feet in length and 10 or 12 across the wings. oomeumes _ The waters of California are replete with fish of every size and variety. The seas swarm densely, and the b.ays and nvcrs are alive w-itli the.r peculiar denizens. The California Gulf produces great numbers of edible shell-fish The oyster the pearl-shell the muscle, several species of haliotis, all afford either food or articles of trade and ornament to the itihabtonts. In California fish are generally little sought after, the productions of the earth being so nunurous n^Uv'f In ib r °, , """" 't""" "' '"" """"^ *'-^ ""■""' "" ^'""«'™' =""• ^"--'""^^ ""•• -'- «"l«i».cncc of Z natives. In the Co umbia, as well as in the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers, and in almost every water-course having Its outlet m the sea, the number of (salmo) salmon are almost incredible. On some of these rivers from two o three thousand are somelimcs taken in a single day. The Indians sometimes capture them with a kind of wic^r bask ° smiilar to that used by the fishermen on the Atlantic co.ist for taking lobsters. This is done in the sprin-, when 1 e fiTl are on then- passage up the stream. They are .also taken with the spear, which consists of a sharp piece o bonefi tened to the end of a shaft of wood 12 or 15 feet iu length, and which the Indians use with great dextc^t y, frequeiil securing salmon of from 20 to 30 pounds in weight The fish are dried or salted, and preserved for lUlure use' They are alsf someumes taken with only a smaU scoop net, fastened to the end of a pole. Dougl.-« speaks of an individual measured by him which was 3 feet 6 mches long, and 10 inches broad, weighing 85 pounds. This size is not exa4 rid specimens nearly or quite as large having often been seem Some of the streams also abound with 4, fine sahnoD-trout, and with a smaU trout nearly resembling the one which affords so much sport to the angler of te older Slatj-s The sturgeon (a.:,j,r„.,cr tran.m^ntanu.) sometunes attain, great size in the large rivers bei,^ from 8 to 10 feet m length, and weighing nearly 500 pounds. In general, however, this flsh is of much smaller dimen! sums. It IS principally found not far from the mouths of the rivers. In the Bay of Monterey is a species of maetoel (,soomiercol,a.s) m great plenty, and easily t.ikem Here, as well .•« in most other parla of the coast, also swim seh^^ of a small flsh resemblmg, if not identical with, the .ardine of Italy, familiar to epicures. These are somet m "seen to such mimense numbers that the surface of the water for a great distance around resembles a Uving ma^ betg kept S CALIFORNIA. ^.. oo„™on.,„ .y n.o. «n.. Porpo.es ^e ve^ nu.e... j^ ^^ ™ "^^^X^^^ weather may always be seen playinj tl.e.r pranks on the "•''™^' '^^ ° "re found i"™™"' P^''* °f "''^ ''^''-'^°'^'- r'e shdifish ar' in .4 country of very m,e water ^^'^^^f^;'^^ ^n "; ducf.ons of California bave bitterto The estimates and aseertainments by census, of f I'"'''''^ »' ;;;7 ;fr;,^^^^^^^^^^ „f i85.>, it can scarcely be con- been very incomplete, and in referoce to the P'P''''''^;*;^;' ^/J^^ffjs , rSenate, in tto fall of the year 1S50, sidered as an approxhnation. The est.mate made by Gene a Douglas of *-'= e en^^ ^^^ ^^_^^^_^ ^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^_^^ is perhaps more nearly accurate, and ,s g.ven beh w ^ ;^=.t ' ;..r h , i ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^_._ s;::^':;:: ^;s:r sr^r n^" s^::z— . ...... ..^. . .^ condition of .. .... The following are the population returns referred to : Countieg. Census Butte ''•^^8 ••• Calaveras 10,334 Colusi 115 . Estimate. .. 14,000 .. 16.000 (with Trinity).. ... 600 8,572 20,192 612 2,745 ElDonTo"'' '■■.■.::'.'■.". aoJsl 22,000 erfim. 40,000 Klamath (from Trinity)^ Los Angeles no returns Marin 6,000 . 600 . 5.30 7,S81 1,03G Z 4400 .. 4,600 S,969 M»r.p"5a 4.«"J <^^ ... 66. 400 . 2,000 . 1,600 . Mendocino Monterey '.8^2 x^ 414 Napa *'* Nevada (from Tuba) Placer (from El Dorado) Saer.imcnto ".000 IS.OOO Ban Dieso no returns. . . 2,000 San.Joaquin 4,000 5,000 San Francisco 21,000 25,000 416 , 2,723 . 2,116 . 21,365 . 10,784 . 12,.5S9 2,032 . 5,029 . 36,1.51 Nrit [■snf ties. San Louis Obispo — Santa Barbara Santa Clara Santa Cruz ShastS Sierra Siskiyou . . Solano . . . Sonoma. . . Sutter Trinity... Tuolumne Tulare . . . Yolo 934 2,181 6,C64 1,219 4,050 4,865 C.=r«tia Pniiirl.-'ss' IKMi. EslJiiii'te. 1,336 600... 1,165 2,.500.... , . 3,802 6,000 ... 074 1,000... 378 ...(with Trinity), (ft-om Tuba) (from Trinity, Shastd, & Klamath) 2,240 6s0 1.600 2,835 661 1,000 2,337 8,030 8,000 1,207 659 10,200 1,"64 ..no returns.... 20,000 "."f (from Mariposa) Sfi'iS 1,008 1.000. YubaV IW'32 J2^' Total 117,533 130,000. 1,307 . 22,005 . 264,435 -Hurabolt County, from Trinity, Tlie f.iUowing summary of the census of the blate in 1 of Stale, to and San Bernardino County, from Los Angeles, are counties erected since 1S52. 1852, is abstr.icted from tlie report of W. Van Voorhies, Secretary : last L.-gislature the-governor, and dated 25th January, 1853 : •■^";"^':^^J^^^Z^^Zt:[Zo^e of n.aKing a active measures°were commenced, which bave ^-n I---'- P ^;*; '^bc^ however,' baT been but in.per- cotTcct and complete exhibit of the populal.on and resonrces °f '« S'..te^ ^f^./eomplieated ami extensive an feetly accomplished, in consequence nr some ''^S'^/' " 'f^^^™ ^ ' ^ '"' ' ,,,„ mixed unsettled, and fluctnaUng nndertaking in a new and comparaUvely >'f ^^'J" fj^ .^' ^^''^"X™ t;i,, counties, the hostile tribes of Indians character of our population, the d.fltcnlly of tho o,,gl ^t" ™' '^^, " „„, „, „„,i„e,s ,.f the census agent was in infesting some sections, and the nustake..supp.,smon^on the^part of ;';-^";, .^ ^^^,^„^ ^,„^,,,„ „„ „pponunity which some way connected with taxaUon. isilion on the part of many that the business . Believftig that the occa-n of talung ^. e«»us^^^ •ght not be again soon et^oyed, of p,..cunng '"f'^^^f^^^^rtZ:::^^:<^^o< the census agenta to pertainingtothenaturalcuriosiliesand eatureso theState,Iembra^ l^a^ i„„„ctions not having been received :^^:r:;:m^ri^;r ^^;:=;r«,n^:r lycamed o. . . ..... ... .....^. . intelligence collected ■esented in this particular an.l much useful and interesting m ^>::TC;:^r r:;^ - ":;::=- -=- r irtSix::;^^"---^- ' ^' "^ " ,0 conclude that much of the most uselhl and .ntcrestmg "- '" '" 'f ,,^^»^ ™n as yet returned, either as respects " P.,puMlon.-U will be observed that the county of El "" f''; '2;;''J;'^™ ^^ counties of the State. The pepul^n.productio.. Tl^.— a^be^n^of «.em^ „ „,e in this o^ce, 11,252; and Tote cast in this county i isrz:^ST:^itsv:^^^:^:^ .,„ . „.,.„, ««;».. -J';-r^,s ri-r.;;" 'y;;';".?;E»:"?;^?««s ounty of Yuba, with The county of Nevada, with a population of20 192. casts a vote of 5.132. The county of "population of 40,000; which is, in fact, an under esUmate, preservn; - ---• ----rtrpl^^i^^ll^Siir^b^ th; mttuber of votes and i..abita,,.. E^imating .^P^^t^of^^^^ . _ _, Ti,„M ,.on tie no doubt, however, in.ii ui of that county are given above. There can be no <>"';/"; '■7 ;;^;„V ioned, not more than five-sixlhs of the whole P"P;>'^". » ' " , , V,^":„ :enls who have made returns, set forth the fact "''•■-'-•'.,, has obtain of the State 264.4.35. This appears from the actmd re the data upon which I have based the estimate fonseouence of the difflcuUies previously mentis TenTaken. The reports of all the census "S™'-;;" j'-^ -^^^slX't^'th: ^^irm^Uo^Veturned and that estimated the whole population of their ■•<=»P«rt,ve countie addmg the, one '^^^ th p ^^ ^^ ^^^^_^^ ^^^^^^^^ p,,^ CALIFORNIA. increase in Ihe course of two years, taking the actual returns of the census, of 99.-135, an annual increase of 49,717, and an increase of 30 per cent, per annum; of llie increase per cent, per annum, tiie United StJites. according to the late census, was Z^, showing a difference t)f increase bf.twcen the Stale of California and tlic other Slates of the Union of 2f>i per cent, per annum. Taking, however, the estimated and more probable census of the State, namely, 803,507, and it gives an annual positive increase of 71,753, an increase of 43 per cent, per annum, and a dilTercuce of Increase per cent, between California and other Slates of 89J. " This popiilation is composed as follows : White inhabitants, male 151,115 " " female 29,741 Citizens over 21 years of age 93,344 Negroes, male 1,G37 " female 253 " over 21 years of age 1,259 Mulatloes, male • 42 1 " female 9S " over 21 years of age 4(»7 Indians (domcsticaltd), male 19,675 " " female 12,864 Indians over 21 years of age 15.Sfi6 Foreign residents, male 50.631 " " female 4.8G0 " over 21 years of age 39,444 TOTAL. Whites 180,856 Citizens over 21 years of age 93,344 Negroes 1,890 Mulatloes 522 Indians (domesticated) 82,589 Foreign residents 54.991 " In this estimate the county of El Dorado is not included, which will probably add to the whites 30,000 ; to the citizens of the United States over 21 years of age 12,000 ; to the negroes 200 ; to the mulatloes 50 ; to the Indians 1,000 ; and to the foreign residents 5,000— making a final total of whites, 210,853 ; citizens over 21 years of age, 105,844 ; negroes, 2,090 ; mulatloes, 672 ; Indians (domesticated). 33.539 ; foreign residents, 59.991. "The counties of Nevada. Placer, and Tuba have reported 9.So9 Chinese. The other counties have embraced them without discrimination under the general liead of foreign residents, the number is believed to approximate 25.000. " Productions and CupitHL—rndeT this head, I regret to slat*-, that not only the county of El Dorado, entire, but that of Calave^.^s, also, in part, two of the most wealthy and productive of the State, have to be omitted, not having as yet been returnetl. "A few of the counties have reported on the subjects of horticulture, manufactures, milling, farming, and farming utensils, separately, while the others have combined them under the general head of ' capital employed for other purposes.' " The following items are not included under the general head above mentioned : Capital employed in stock, farming, and gardening $1,857,502 00 " " fruits and orchards 866,910 00 " " improvements and real estate 6,3 1S.316 00 " " farming utensils 125,940 00 « " milling 240,850 00 — making the total capital employed for purposes other than those specified under general heads $49,500,951. Estimate of El Dorado and Calaveras counties. 10,000,000— making $59.S00,9S1. '•The articles of sheep, hogs, and poultry, although not specifically required by law, have been reported upon from twenty counties, and are as follows : sheep, S2,SG7, at $12 each— $994.404 ; hogs, 88,976, at $10 each— -839,760 ; poultry, 96,230, at $2 each— 192,460 ; total value, $1,576,624. " For the number of horses, mules, cows, beef cattle, work oxen, bushels of barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, com, acres of land in cultivation, quartz-mills, cajjilal invested in quartz mining, capital invested in Placer mining, capita! invested in other mining, and eapitid employed for other purposes, rcfi-rcnce is made to the statistics of different counties respectively. "The following is the estimated value of the live-stock and agricultural producta. These prices are given at an aver- age much below the market value : Live.Rlock. Horses at $30 $1,943,190 00 Mules at 50 823 900 00 Cows at 50 5.216,950 00 Beef cattle., at 25 7,8S4.S00 00 Work oxen, at 50 1,453,250 00 $17,327,090 00 Agricultural- Products. Barley at $1 40 per bushel $3,163,227 00 OaL< at 1 00 " 100,497 00 "Wheat at 2 40 " 652,23100 Totatoes at 1 50 " 2,089,755 00 Corn at 2 50 " 150.330 00 $6,162,040 00 The counties of Sonoma, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, Sacramento, Napa, Mendocino, Los Angeles, and Contra Costa have reported 5.553,655 pounds onions, valued at J1S6 000 The counties of Yolo, Sierra, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, and Monterey have reported 2,359,250 cabbnges, valued at qq 777 The counties of Sonoma, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, and Monterey have reported 80,271 bush, of beans, value 72,492 The county of Santa Barbara has reported 1.370 barrels olives, valued at 27,400 The counties of Santa Barbara and Santa Clara have reported 26.81 1 grape vines, valued at 20,8U The counties of Yolo, Sonoma, Sierra, Sacramento, and Mendocino have reported 490,990 lbs. tnrntps, valued , . 14.927 The county of Sacramento has reported 1,039,300 pounds tomatoes, valuetl at 82^403 The counties of Santa Clara and Sacramento have reported 1 ,107,5il0 pounds of carrots, valued at 83.226 The county of Sacramento has reported 358 acres of melons, valued at 17.900 The county of Sacramento has reported 460.000 pumpkins, valued at 46,000 The county of Santa Clara has reported 508,000 bricks, valued at 10,160 The county of Marin has reporte.i 1.500,000 bricks per month, valued at (per annum) 360.000 The counties of Santa Barbara and Los Angeles have reported 73,462 gallons wine, value. 146,934 And 73,056 gallons brandy 109,584 The counties of Santa Cruz and Nevada have reported capital invested in manufactures . 6 800 100 CAL CAM 'SUowiniT tniiil t-apilal ami proiiuclitms of the ^L;ite as ft)ll(nvs : I llnrticiillure. manufactures, etc $1,1,^0,000 (Jaartz mining I'lacer " OlhlT " Estimate f'lr El Duratlo mining;. 5,^71,405 4.174,419 8.S51 ,G'i8 2.5(10.1100 Toliil capital emitloyed fnr purposes oUkt lliun those Ppecifletl uiuier pt^n<'ral heads, incliitl- ing t'Slimutfs for El Uonuio and Calavt-ras. . $59.SnO,000 Livi-stock Is.(ui8.714 Agriculiural products (>.lti-',040 Land in t-ultivalion ],ln7.4S0 I Estimate for El Dorailo and Calaveras 5,000,000 I 3;liiS,520,GSl " In the above estimate it will be observed tluit the value of no lan:-!itocl\ — In this we surpass twenty-two of the States. BarUy. — In this we are mdy equaled by one State, New York. We raise more than one-half as much of this article as is produced in the whole Union besides. Potatoes. — In this a;;aiu we stand next to New Turk, and raise on-'-Hfih the quantity produced by the balance of the Union. Tr/(€rt^. — In this we surpass ten of the Slates. Ont^v. — In this we cultivate more than three-fourths of our sister Stales. Indian Coin, —We produce less of this than any State of the I'nion. Jli'itns. — In this we surpass nine of the States, notwitlistanding only five counties have reported the quantity produced. Uai/. — In this, tliou-jth not returned from more than one-half counties, we exceed nine of the Stales. Fniit-fi. — In tlicse we excel all the States in variety, and one-half in quantity produced. JUiniii/j. — In this branch of industry we stand not only without a parallel, but wiih46. Capita/ : Prince Frederick. Calvin, p. o., Huntingdon co., Perm.: 69 m. W. Ilar- risburg. C.YMAK, p. v., Warren CO., Ga. : on the line of the Geor- gia i;. n., 47 m. from Augusta, and 45 E. N. E. Milledge 101 CAM tUIo. a branch E. E. hence diverges to Warronlon, dis- tant 4 m. Camasciie. p. v., Clinton CO., la. : on the W. side of the Miasi»si])pi r, GT m. E. by N. Iowa Cily. A railroad is pro- jected to run hence to Iowa City. Cauaeoo, p. v., Lancaster co., Pmn, ; 46 m. E. S. E. Harriflburg. Cahabgo, p. v., Lincdn eo., Tenn. : CD m. S. Na.shville. Cajiaeoo, p. v., Monroe co., Mim. : U2 m. N. K. Jaelison. Camakoo, p. v., Jefferson co., Iiitl. : 76 m. 8. E. Indian- apolis. Camaego, p. v., Monlgomery co., iy. ; 62 m. E. by S. Frankfort. Cambkia county, Pmn. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains VM sq. m. Drained by TV. branch of Susquehanna r., and the head waters of the Connemaugh. Surface rough and sometimes mountainous— the Alloghanies making its E. and Laurel Eidge its W. border. The soils arc of aver- age fertility. Farms 1,089; mauuf. 126; dwell. 2,S99, and pop.— wh. 1T,645, fr. col. 12S— louil 17,773. Capital : Ebcns- burg. Public Works : Pennsylvania Canal and Pennsyl- vania E. R. Cambsia, p. v., Lucerne co., Pcnti. : 67 m. N. E. Harris- burg. Cambria, p. T., HUlsdale co., Mich. : 62 m. S. by 'W. Lansing. Camueia, t and p. v., Kiagara co., Jf. Y. : 24S m. W. Albany. The Eochestcr, Lockport, and Niagara Falls K. E. passes through the t, 6i m. from Eochestcr. Pop. 2,SC6. Cambbia, p. o., and cap. Wayne co., la.: 113 m. S. W. by W. Iowa City. Cambbia Mills, p. o., Hillsdale co., Mich. : 62 m. S. by W. Lansing. CAiiBEiLGE, p. T., Dallas CO., Ala. : 62 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Cambkiuge, p. v., Dane CO., THso. ; on the W. side of a stream flowing into Lake Koshkonong, 19 m. E. by 8. Madison. CiMBEiDGE, city and p. o., TVaj-ne co., Ind. : on the "W. branch of White Water r., where it is crossed by the Na- tional Uoad and the Indiana Central E. K., 52 m. E. In- dianapolis. The White Water Canal has its northern ter- minus at Uagerstown, 7 m. N. of Cambridge. Cambeidge, p. v., Henry co., III. : 92 m. N. N. W. Springfield. Cambeidge, p. v., and cap. Dorchester co., Mtl. : on the S. side of Choptank r., 12 m. from Chesapeake Bay, and 37 m. S. E. Annapolis. Cambeidge, t. and p, o., Somerset CO., Me. : 47 m. N. by E. Augusta. Pop. C33. Cambeidge, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich. : 51 m. S. by E. Lansing. Pop. 974. CAMBEifOE, p. v.. Saline co., J/o. ; on the 8. side of the Missouri r., 64 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Cambeidge, t., p. city, and cap. Middlesex Co., MnfK. : 8 m. N. W. Boston. The ■Obser>atory stands in laU 42° 22' 4S" and long. 71° 08' W. Cambridge is the seat of Harvard University, one of the most flourishing schools of the United Stales, founded 1638 ; and here is located Mount Auburn Cemetery, a spot remarkable for its natural beauties. The puljlio buildings are at East Cambridge, at Lechmere's Point, a v. at the 9. E. extremity of the t., which is con- nected with Boston and Charlestown by bridges. A news- paper, the " C. Chronicle," is issued weekly. The t is also connected with Boston by E. E. Pop. 15,215. Cambeidge, t. and p. v., Washington co., iV: 1'. : on Hoosie r., 31 m. N. N. E. Albany. Pop. 0,698. Cambeidge, t., p. v., and cap. Guernsey co., Ohio : on the E. bank of Wells cr., 72 m. E. Columbus. Pop. oft. 2,489. CAjinEiDGE, p. T., AbbovUle dist, S. Car.: 74 m W. by N. Columbia. Cambeidge, t. and p. o., Lamoille Co., Vfrtn. : on La- moiUe r., 81 m. N. W. ilontpclier. Pop. 1,849. 102 CAM Cambeidge, p. v., Lancaster co., Peiin. : 46 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Cambeidge Poet, p. o., Middlesex co.. Mats. : 2 m. N.W. Boston. It is a place of considerable commerce, and sev- eral manulacturcs are established here. It has lately been incorporated with Cambridge City. Cambeidge Poet, p. v., Windham co., Venn. : 93 m. S. Montpelier. Camdex county, Ga. Situ.ate S. E. comer, facing the Atlantic, and having for its S. boundary St. Mary's r., and contains 765 sq. m. ^Drained by Buffalo cr., Sanlilla r., and several streams tributaries of the St. Mary's. Surface low and sandy, with swamps. Eice and cotton are the principal products.' Farms 235; mauuf. 5; dweU. 642, and pop.— wh. 2,069, fr. col. 4, si. 4,'246— total 6,319. Capital : JelTer- sont^n. Camdes county, Mo. Situate centrally, and contains 480 sq. m. Drained by OBago r. and its tributaries. Surface level or undulating, with considerable woodland and a soU of great fertiUty. ^Farms 214; dwell. 360, and pop.-wh. 2 208, fr. col. 0, 8l. 130— total 2,333. CapiUll : Erie. Camden county, Jf. Jer. Situate W. midiUe, on Dela- ware r., and contains 268 sq. m. Watered by creeks of the Delaware. Surface flat ; soils moderately fertile. Farms 731 ; manut 143; dwell. 4,090, and pop.— wh. 23,325, fr. col. 2,097, si. 0— total 25,422. Capital: Gii.m^94. Camden, p. v., Eay CO., Mo. : on the N. side of the Mis- souri r., 112 m. W. N. W. Jefl-erson City, and by course of the r., 342 m. above St. Louis. Camden, p. v.. and cap. Camden CO., If. Car. : on the E. side of Pasquotank r., 147 m. E. N. E. Ealeigh. The tm- nage of the district of which it is the port, amounted in 1S60 to 11,948 tons. Camden, t. and p. v., Oneida CO., N: T.: oa Fish cr., 103 m. W. N. W. Albany. The Watertown and Eonie E. E. passes through the village IS m. from Eome. Pop. 2,s20. Camden, t, p. city, port, and cap.. Camden co.. -V. Jer. : on the E. side of Delaware r., opposite Philadelphi.a, .'■>5 m. S. by W. Trenton. The city is united with Philadelphia by three ferries. The largest ships come up to the lower part of the city, and vessels of 150 tons to the central parts. The cily has considerable manufactures and trade, and contains numerous fine public buildings, churches, and school-houses. The Camden and Amboy E. E. has its ttrminus at this CAM CAM point, aud there is also a railroad to 'Wnodburj'. Three newspapers are publi.shiHl luTi? weekly, the " West Jersey- niau" (whig), the "C Phoenix," and tiie " C. Democrat'' (dem.) Pop. 9,C18. Camden, p. v., Preble co,, Ohio: on the "W. side Seven Mile or., 93 m. W. by S. Columbus. CiMDEN, p. v., and cap. Kershaw dist., S. Car.: on the E. side of Wateree r., 31 m. N. E. Columbia. The river is navigable to this point lor 70 tims fiat boats, but since the completion of the Camden Uranch of the South Carolina E. K. the bulk of its commercial material has Ijcen convey- ed by 4and, The villan;e has some manufactures, and its public buildings are commotUous and substantial. A news- paper, the " C. Journal," is issued semi-weekly. Camden is noted as the scene of two battles of the devolution — the one fought 16tb Aug., 17S0, and the other 23d April, ITSl. A monument, erected in honor of Baron De Kalb, and the foundation of which was laid by Lafayette in 1S25, stands at the end of De Kalb Street; it is of white marble, and the chief ornament of the village. Camden, p. v., Benton co., 'J'eim. : 69 m. "W. Nashville. Camden Mills, p. o., Rock Island co., ///. ; on Copper cr. of Kock r., 123 m. N. "W. by N. Springfield. Camdentille, p. v., Anderson co., A'^. ; 22 m. S. "W. Frankfort. Camel's Eump, Verm-.: one of the highest peaks of the Green Mountains, 17 m. W. Montpelier. Its elevation is 4,1SS feet above the sea-level. Ca3ieron county, Teir. Situate S. ■^. on Gulf of Mexico, and contains about 5,000 sq. m. It incluiies the Isla del Padre, Its principal settlements are on the Eio Grande. Farms 11; dwell. 1,554, and pop.— wh. 8,469, fr. col. 19, si. 53 — total S,541. In this enumeration Starr and Webb counties are also included. Capital : Santa Rita. Cameron, t and p. v., Steuben co., y. Y, : on the Canis- teo r., 21G m. W. by S. Albany. The New York and Erie K, R. passes through the village, 824 m. from New York City, and 145 m. from Dunkirk. Pop. 1,T01. Cameeon, p. v., Clinton co., Perm. : 75 m. N. "W. Uarris- burg. Cameeon, p. v., and cap. Milam co., Ti. m. W. S. W. Albany, and on the hnc of the New York and Erie E. E., 240 m. from New -iork and 229 m. from Dunkirk. Camptille, p. v., Lilchfleld co.. Conn. CAh-A, p. 0., Jennings CO., Ind,: 07 m. S. E. Ind.an- ""ci^AAS, p. v., Marion co., AU.: 163 n^ N. W. Mont- ^TIIaan, Land p. v., LitohBeld co., Conn.: on the E. side of llousatonic r., 42 m. N. W. Hartford. The r.ver between this and Salisbury has a fall of 60 feet, and atford extensive hydraulic power. Iron and lime are the ch.ef manufactures. The Housalonic E. E. passes through Canaan, 73 m.K. of Bridgeport. ToP. 2,727. Canaan, p. v., JefTcrson co., Jnd.: about 2 ra.^. of Indian Kentucky r., 76 m. 8. E. UdianapoliB. CANAAN, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Jft.; on the E. side of Kennebec r., 27 m. N. by E. Augusta. Pop. 1.6!)6. CANA^N, t. and p. o., Grafton CO., N. Bamp. : on Mas- comy r., 83 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,6S6. Canaan, L and p. v., Columbia co., S. Y. .-22 m. 8. E. Albany The Hudson and lierkshu-e E. E., and the Albany and West Stockbridge (western) E. E. traverse ^e t~, and the latter touches the v., 83 m. from Albany. Pop. 1,941 Cahaan, t. and p. o., Wayne co., Ohio: 84 m. K. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,923. Canaan, t and p. o., Wayne cc, Fenn.: on br..nehes of Lackawaxen cr., 1+3 m. N. E. Harrisburg. The E E. extending from Caibondalc to Honcsdale traverses the t. m its N. parL ■ ... -ki -p Canaan, t. and p. o., Essex CO., Term.: x^ the N. E. comer of the Suite, 67 m. N. E. Montpelier. JoP; -i'l- Canaam Centke, p. v., Columbia Co., N. Y. : lA m. S. E. Albany. , , . t^t -rr . ao Canaan Foira Coenebs, p. v., Columbia co., A^ Y. . 23 m. S. E. Albany. Canaanvilw, p. v., Athens CO., Ohu, : iS m. S. E. Columbus. Casada creek. A". Y. : the W. and largest branch of the Mohawk r It is about 60 m. long, and in its course has several rapids and cascades, which afford views of much grandeur and iuterest. Canabian, p. v., Mississippi CO., Ar7c. : 142 m. N. E. Little Eock. „ _ , CANAnicK. t. .and p. v., Ontario CO., JV. Y. : on Honeyokc Lake 187 m. W. Albanv. Hemlock Lake bounds it on the W. Bide. The t. contains much fine agricultural land. Pop. 1,069. CANAJOHAP-re, t. and p. v., -Montg-fiery co., N. 1.: on the 8 side of Mohawk r., 42 m. W. Albany. The Erie Canal passes through tho village. The " Montgomery County Union" Cdcra.), is issued weekly. Pop. 4,097. c!nal, p. o., Onondaga CO., K Y : 122 m. W. Albany. Canal, t. and p. o., Venango CO., Penn. : 197 m.W. N.-ft . Harrisburg. . . Canal Dovp.e, p. o., Tuscarawas CO., Ohio: on the Ohio Canal, 80 m.E. by N. Columbus. Gasal Fulton, p. o.. Stark co., Ohw : on the E. side of Tuscarawas r., and on the Ohio Canal, 9b m. N. E. Columbus. Canal Ekwistillb, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio: on the 104 N. side of Tuscarawas r., and on the Ohio Canal, 66 m. B. by N. Columbus. Canal Wincuestkk, p. v., Fairfield co., Oh.o: on a branch of Little Walnut cr., and on the Ohio Canal, 14 m. 8. E. Columbus. Pop.^274. Canani.aig.ta lake, JV. Y: a beautiful sheet of water situate centrally in Ontario co. Its length, froin K to S., is 14 m., ami its medial breadth .abont 1 m. It dwcharges itself into the river of the same name at the v. of Canan- ''"cI'nInpajgca river, K Y: is formed from tho waters discharged from the hike, and under various names-winds its course to the Seneca, the common recipient of a cluster of small lakes. , -.r tr . ™ Casandaioua, t., p. v., and cap. Ontnno co.. A. Y.on the W. side ol Caiiandaigua Lake, 177 m. W. Albany. The y is pleasantly situate at the outlet of the lake, and eonlains, besides the co. buildings, a number of subslanlial and elegant churches, stores, and dwellings. The "«"<--'"o Eepo,itory(whig), and the "Ontario Messenger" (.leuL), are published weekly. The Eochester and Syracuse E. E. passes through the v. 29 m. from Eochester, and ,t is he N terminus of the Canandaigna and Elmira P.. E., and the E. terminus of the Canandaigua and Niagara lallsR. K. ^ "cJ A^DAiGtTA, p. o., Lenawee co., Midi. .• on the W. ^de of Bear cr. of Eaisin r., 64 m. S. by E. Lansing. The Southern Michig,inE.E. runs 4 m.N. of the village. Canasauga, p. o., Polk CO., Tenn.. : 142 m. E. 8. E. CANA8T0TA, p. v., Madison CO., y. Y : on the Erie Canal, and the Utica and Syracuse R. E., 201 m. f^om Albany. Canoia, L and p. o., Eockingham Co., N. Bump. : on the heicht of land between the Merrimac r. and the ocean, 17 m S E Concord. The view from these heights is exlen- 8ive,'reaching on one side to the White Mountains, and on the other to the distant Atlantic. Pop. I,4b2. Candoe, t. and p. v., Tioga Co., S. Y. : on Cottotong cr 127 m. W. by S. Albany. Tho v. lies on the Cayuga and s'usquefianna E. K., 10 m. N. Owego. Pop..3,4M Candok, p. v., Washington co., Pmn. : 192 m. W. Harrisburg. Caneapea, t. and p. v., Alleghany co.. A". Y.: on the Genesee r., 227 m. W. by S. Albany. The v. is on tho W. side of the river. Pop. 1 477. .„„ w Cane Bottom, p. o., Lauderdale co., Tenn. : 1C2 m. W. by S. Nashville. Cane Cbeek, P- v., and cap. Butler co., Mo. : on the W. fork of the cr. so caUed, 154 m. 8. E. Jefferson City. Cane cr. is a tributary of Big Black Water r., which it joins a Utile below the Arkansas Suite line. Cake Cbeek, p. c, Chatham co., K. Car.: on a cr. of Capo Fear r. so called, 48 m. W. by N. Ealeigh. Cane Cbeek, p. o., Lincoln Co., Tenn. : on a cr. of Elk r. 60 called, 64 m. S. by E. Nashville. Cane Ceeee, p. o., Franklin co., AU.: 174 m. N. W. Montgomery. ^ . , - «..„ C ^NEMA^, v., Clackamas CO., Oreg. : on E. side of Willa- mette r., 2 m. above Oregon City, and 33 m. N. by E. 't^E Po«T. p. 0., Troup CO., aa. ; 112 m. Milledg«-me^ Cane Spbing, p. o., Bullitt CO., Ky. : 61 m. W. .>^. W. ^ CAxtrp v., Washita co.. Ark.: 80 m. S. Little Eock. Canev' p V Matagorda co., Te- ing 1,000 bushels of grain, and opens fine facilities of inter- course with the Tioga and Susquehanna rivers. Cannadav Gap, p. o., Floyd co., Virg. : at a pass of the mountains, 159 ra. W. S. W. Richmond. Canxeltojj, p. v., Perry co., Tut?.: on the Ohio r., 124 m. S. by "W. Indianapolis. The neighluirhood abounds in coal, from a particular species of which (eannel) the v. takes its name. It possesses great manufacturing advantages, and considerable capital has been invested in cotton and earthenware factories. BuiUUng material, fire clay, etc., are abundant. The " Economist," a weekly paper, is published here. Pop. about 700. Cannon county, Te7jn. Situate centrally, and contains 340 sq. m. Brained by tributaries of Cumberiand r. Sur- face, mountainous, and soils generally fertile. Farms S77 ; manuf. 7; dwell. 1,326, and pop.— wh. 8,115, fr. col. 24, si. 84S— total 8.9S2. Cajntul : Woodbury. CANNONSBUEGn. p. V., Kcnt CO., Mich. : on a or. of Grand r., 51 m. "W. N. "W. Lansing. C-vNNONSBURGn, p. V., Greeuup co., ^y. ; 72 m. S. W. Frankfort. CAVNONsnuEGir, p. v., "Washington co., Penn. : on Char- tier's er.. IS m. S. W. Piltslmrg, and 1S2 ra. W. llarrisburg. Jefl"erson College, and a Theological Seminary are located here. Cannon's Ferry, p. c, Sussex co., Del. : 39 m. S. DoTcr. Can-non's Mill, p. c, Columbiana co., 07iio:12(i vo. E. N. E. Columbus. Cannon's Stoke, p. 0., Spartanburgh dist., S. Car.: 68 N. by "W. Columbia, Cannonsvili-e. p. v., Delaware co., X. T. : on the N. side of Delaware r., 89 m. S. \V. Albany. Canoe Creek, p. o., Burke co., X. Car.: 1G3 m. 'W. Raleigh. Canoca, p. v., Seneca co., y. T. : about one m. W. of Cayuga Lake, 148 m. W. Albany. Canonigct island, in Narraganset Bay, R. L: S m. W. Rhode Island. It is 7 m. long and a mile broad. Canoociiee. p. o., Emanuel co., Ga. : on the r. so called, 79 m. S. E. MillcdgeviUe. Canoociif. river, Ga. : the TV. and largest confluent of Ogeeehee r. Il is 100 m. long, and navigable fur 5l» m. to Cedar cr, Canterbury, t. and p. v., "Windham co.. Com}. : on the ■W. side of QuinnebauET r.,41 m. E. Hartford. Pop. ],('>(;!). CANTERBirRT, p. o., Kent CO., Del. : at the head of Mother Kill cr., 7 m. S. by W. Dover. CANTERBrRV, t. and p. v., Mcrrimao eo., K. /lump. : on the E. side of the Merrimac r.. 6 m. N. Concord. In the B. E. part of the t, there is a Shaker's village. Pop. 1,G14. O Canton, p. v., Smith co., T«i:. : 2H m. N. E. Austin City. Canton, p. v., Wilcox co., Ala. : on the left bank of the Alabama r., 63 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Canton, p. v.. Lawrence eo., Ar^: : on a cr. of Strawberry r., 109 ra. N. by E. Little Koek. Canton, t. and p. v., Hartford co., Cmnt.: on Farmingfon r.,ig m. N. "W.byW. Ilartfurd. It has some manufactures. Pop. 1,994. Canton, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co., Ga. : on the N. side of the Etowah r., 113 m. N. W. MillcdgeviUe. Canton, p. v., Washington co., I/kI. : 77 m. S. Indiana- polis. The New Albany an* Salem R. R. crosses Uic co. about a mile S. of the village. Canton, p. v., Fulton co., III. : on Big cr. of Spoon r., 4T m. N. N. W. Springfield. Canton, p. v., Jackson en., Ta. : on the N. side of Mako- queta r., 47 m. N. E. Iowa Cily. Canton, p.v.,Twigg eo.. A>. ; on fh.- E. si.le of rumber- land r., '10 m. from its mouth, and UM m. W. S. AV. Frank- fort. It is the place of shipment fi-r the prnduce of a rich and productive hack country. Canton, t. and p. o., Oxford co., ^r■'.: on Androsco^fln r., 26 m. W. by N. Augusta. Pop. 926. Canton, p. v., and cap. Madison co.. J/m. ; between the forks of a er. of Bijr niack r.. 23 m. N. N. E. Jacksnn. Canton, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., JAtas. ; on Neponsct r.. 14 m. S. W. Boston. The Boston and Provi-lenee R. R. passes througli the v., 14 m. from Boston, aiul 29 from Providence. It has several iron, cotton, and woolen facto- ries. Pop. 2,593. Canton, p. v., Salem en., X. Jer. : on the W. branch of Stow cr., 61 m. S. S. W. Trenton. Canton, t., p. v., and cap. St. Lawrence co., A' Y.: on Grasse r. of the St. Lawrence, 142 m. N, W. Albany. At the V. a fine bridge is thrown over the stream, and the Waterlown and Potsdam R. R. will cross the Grasse at Ibis point. Pop. 4,6S5. Canton, t., p. v.. .ind cap. Stark co.. Ofiio : about 12 m. above the bifurcation of Niniishillcn er.. In3 m. N. E. Columbus. Three newspapers, the " Ohio Repository"' (whig), the *• Stark County Demnerat. ' and the '' Ohio Staats Bote" (Germ, dem.), are published weekly. Il is a very thriving place, bein^' intersected by the Ohio and Pennsyl- vania R. R., Pop. of v. 2,604, and' of t. 4.326. Canton, t. and p. v.. Bradford co., Penn. : on Tonawanda r., 107 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Canton, p. v., Lewis co., Mo. : lOS m. N. N. E. Jefl"erson City. ' Canton Centre, p. o., Hartford co., Conn. : 13 m, N. W. by W. Hartford. Canton Mills, p. o., Oxford co., J/f'. ; 27 m. W. by N. August a. Cantreli.'s Cross Roads, p. o., M-Minn co., ?;»;(.; 181 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Cantwell's Brii>ge, p. o., Newcastle co.. Del. : on tho N. side of Appoquinimink cr., 17 m. N. by W. Dover. Cape Akaoo, (J^'ffj- ^«''- ' ^ prominent headland. Jutting into the Pacific Ocean, about 40 m. S. of the I'mpiiua r. Cape Ar Gray, p. o., Lincoln co.. Mo. ; on the W. side of the Mississippi r., 88 m. E. N. K. Jefl^^rson Cily. Cape Blanco, Greg. Ter.: a headland on the Pacific coast, about 25 m. N. of Cape Oxford. Cai'E Cod, Mann.: o, projection from Ihe mainland, in lat. 42^ 2' 2;V' N., and long. "QO 3' .5.V' W. It i« curved inward, something in the shape of a man's arm bent at the elbow and wrist, and is C5 ra. hmff. and from I to 20 ra, broad. It constitutes the co. of B.-irnsIable. Cape DiSAPPOiNTMr^NT, Greg. T'rr.: a headland at the entrance of the Columbia r. Cape FAnE, p. o.. Taney co., Mo. : on Whito r., 133 m. S. S. W. JefltTson City. Cape Fear, N. Car. : the S. pouit of Smith's island, near 105 CAP CAR the mouth of Cape Fear r., in lat. 330 45' N., and long. 78*^ 09'W. Cape Fear river, N. Car. : tho best navigable river of the State. It has two brauchea: tlie N. W. branch, fonncd by the union of Deep and Haw rivers, from which, flowing about 100 in., it receives the N. E. branch, or Clarendon r., above Wilmington, and &4 m. below it enters the Atlantic Ocean by two channels, one on each side of Smith's Island. Its channels have been deepened by embankments, and steamboats now navigate its waters to Fayetteville, 90 m., at tho lowest stage of the waters. Cape Fol^lweathee, Oreg. Ter. : a headland on the Pacific coast, about 10 m. N. of the mouth of AJseya r. Cai'e Girardeau coxmty, Mo. Situate S. E. on Missis- eippi r., and contains 660 &q. m. Drained by White Water r. and other streams. Surface level, sometimes swampy, and studded with small lakes. Iron ore, useful clays, etc., are abundant Wheat,, Indian com, oats, and tobacco are the chief products. Farms 1,019 ; manui". 31 ; dwell. 2,108, and pop.— wh. 12,203, fr. co!. 85, si. l,G7rt-total 13,912. Capital: Jackson. Cape Gikardeait, t. and p. v., Cape Girardeau co., Mo. : on the W. side of Mississippi r., IGS m. S. E. Jefferson City. It is the dep6t of a great part of Southern Missouri. The " Western Eagle" (whig) is here published weekly. Cape Uoen, Clarke co., Oreg. : a noted headland on the N. bank of Columbia r., in lat 45° 83' 09" N., and long. 1220 06' 15" W. Cape Islaxd, p. v., Cape May co., y. Jer. ; at the extreme point of the State, 91 m. S. Treuton. It is a place much resorted to by the fashionables in the summer season, for whom splendid boarding-houses and hotels are provided. The place affords great facilities for aea bathing and fishing. Cape Lookout, Ore{f. Ter. : a headland on the Pacific coast, in lat. 45° OS' N. Cape May county, 2^. Jer. Situate S. point of State, and contains 240 sq. m. Drained chiefly by creeks of Tuek- ahoe r., which demarks the N. border. Surface fiat — in some places swampy. The coast is lined with long sand islands inclosing lagoons. Farms 2S5; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,218, and pop.— wh. 6.190, fl". col. 243, si. 0— total 6,483. Capital : Cape May 0. H. Cape May, p. v., and cap. Cape May co., ^ Jer. : 89 m. 8. Trenton. Cape May: a promontory on the N. side of the entrance of Delaware Bay, IS m. N. of Cape Ilenlopcn, and in lat. 8S° 57' N., and long. 74° 52' W. There is a light-house on this point. Cape MEimoorNO, CaH/. : a bold headland of tho Pacific coast, in lat. 40° 21' m. N., and long. 124° 85' W. Tbia is the most westerly point of the United States. Cape Neddick, p. o., York co.. Me. : on tho headland so called, on the Atlantic Ocean, about 4 m. above York Harbor, and S4 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. The cape is chiefly inhabited by fishermen. Cape Oxkord, Oreg. Ter. : a headland of considerable extent on the Paeiflo coast, and by bending south, incloses « bay cidled Ewing Harbor. A city, named Port Oxford, has been founded here. Cape's Creek, p. o., Newton co., Mo. : on a cr. so called, 166 m. 8. W. Jefferson City. Cape Shoalwater, Oreg. Ter.: a headland on the N. side of the entrance of Shoalwater Bay. Capeville, p. v., Northampton co., Ttrg. : on Cope Charles, tho S. point of the Chesapeake peninsula, 83 m. E. by S. Kichmond. Cape Vincent, t., p. v., and port of entry, Jefferson co., JV! Y. : on the S.side of the St. Lawrence r., opposite Wolf Island, 158 ni. N. W. Albany. The v. is an important com- mercial entrepot ; the Waterlown and Homo R. It. termi- nates here, and steamboats ply regularly between this port and'thc principal lake perls of the Union and the Canadas. 106 The shipping owned in the district in 1850 amounted to 2,497 tons. Pop.-8,044. Capon Bbidge, p. o., Hampshire co., Virg. : 147 m. N. by W. Eichmond, Capon Springs, p. v., Hampshire co., Virg. : 142 m. N. by W. liichmon.i. These springs are noted for their medicinal properties. Captlna, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 105 m.E. Columbus. CAR.i.WAY, p. 0., liaudoiph co., A^. Car. : 173 m. W. by S, Raleigh. CAEnoN county, Peniu Situate E. middle, and contains 480 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of the Lehigh, which r. runs through it. Surface diversified, but in the N. W. and S. E. killy and broken. Soils of moderate fertility. This is one of the first coal mining counties of the State. Farms 246 ; manuf. 15S; dwcU. 2,544, and pop.— wh. 15,656, fr. col. 30 — total 15,CS6. Capitijl: Mauch-Chunk. Puhlic Works: Lehigh Navigation, and a number of railroads trom Maucb- Chunk to the mines. Cakdondale, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : on Lackawanna cr., 117 m. N. E. Harrisburg. The celebrated Lackawanna coal is mined in this neighborhood, whence it is carried by R. E. to Honesdale, and thence by canal to Port Jervis, oa the Delaware r., and by the Delaware and Hudson Canal to the Hudson r. There are also iron works in the vicinity. A mile W. of the v., Fall Brook has a cascade of SO feet descent Cardiff, p. o., Onondaga co., 2^. Y. : 116 m. W. Al- bany. Cardiff, p. v., Warren co., J/Xss. : 31 ra. W. by 8. Jackson. Cardington, p. v., Morrow co., Ohio : on the Cleveland, CoVimbus, and Cincinnati K. E., 83 m. N. Columbus. Carey, p. v., Wyandott co., Ohio: on the Finlay branch of the Mad Kiver and Lake Erie E. E., 72 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Carlile's Mills, p. o., Perry co.. Mine. : on Tallahalla cr., 84 m. S. E. Jackson. Carlinville, p. v., and cap. Macoupin co., III. : about 2 m. N. of Macoupin cr., and 41 ra. S. by W. Springfield. It is one of the most flourishing interior villages of the State, and an important station on tho Sangamon and Alton E.Pv. Carlisle, p. v., Sullivan co., Inrl. : about 1 m. E. of Busse- ron cr. of the Wabash, 86 ra. S. W. Indianapolis. It is the principal v. in the co., and has about 400 inhabitants. Carlisle, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., J/(Wj.«. ; on the N. W. side of Concord v., 19 ra. N. W. Boston. Pop. 719. Carlisle, p. v., and cap. Nicholas co., Ky. : on a small cr. of Licking r., 51 m. E. N. E. Frankfort Carlisle, p. v., Eaton co., Mich. : on a cr. of Big fork of Thornapple r., 26 m. W. 8. W. Lansing. Carlisle, t and p. v., Schoharie co., K. 71; 3T ra. "W. Albany. The vicinity atjounds with caverns. Pop. 1,S17 Carlisle, p. city, and cap. Cumberland co., Penn.: on the Cumberland Valley R. E., 22 m. from Harrisburg. Lat 40=^ 12' N., and long. 77^ 10' AY. Dickinson College is located here, and half a m. from the v. tho Unitrd St^itea' Barracks and Cavalry School. The v. has several manu- factures, and a considerable trade with tho neighboring di-slriots. The periodical press consists of the " American Volunteer'' (dcm.), the " American Democrat" (dem.), and the '• C. Herald" (whig), published weekly, and tho " Month- ly Friend." Pop. 4,579. Carlisle, t and p. v., Lorain co., Ohio: on W. branch of Black r., 104 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1 ,''>12 Carlisle Springs, p. o., Cumberland co., Penn. : 4 m. N. Carlisle, and 21 W. by S. Harrisburg. The waters are sulphurous. Carlookville, p. v., Euthcrford co., Tenn. : 31 m. S. E. Nashville. Carlow, p. v., Hopkins co., Ky, : on Deer cr. of Groen r., 163 ra. W. S. W. Frankfort. CAR CAR Caelowsville, p. v., Biill.is co., Ahi. : near Piue Barren cr. of the Alabama, 52 in. W. by S. Montgomery. Cirax'-'N, t. and p. t., Orleans co., -V. K ; on Lake Erie, 221 ni. W. by N. Albany. The v. is located on the E. side of Oak Orchard c. about 2 m. from the lake. Pop. 2X)f). Cakltok, t, and p. o., Barry co., Mic/i. : on Little fork of Thornapple r., 35 m. "W. Lansing;. Carlton's Store, p. o., King and Queen co., Virg. : 46 m. N. E. by E. Eichmond. Garltle, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., III. : on the W. side of Uie Kaskaskia r., 215 ra. from its mouth by its wimlings, and S7 m. S. by E. Springfield. The railroad from Vlncen- nes across the Slato to Illinoislown, will jirobably ink-Tsect this point. Carlyle, p. v., Tickens co., Ala. : 119 m. N. W. Mont- gomery. Carmel, p. v., Ilaniilton CO., fnd. : 22 m. N. by E. Indian- apolis. Carsiel, t. and p. c, Penobscot co.. Me, : on Sowadabs- cook r., 46 m. N. E. Augusta. The Kennebec and Penob- scot P. E. passes through the township. Pop. I,22S. Carmel, t., p. v., and cap. Putnam eo., JV". Y. : on the W. side of Croton r., "S m. S. by E. Albany. There are several small lakes in the t,, on one of which the v. is pleas- antly situate. Pop. 2,442. Carmel Hill, p. o., Chester dist., S. Car. : 71 m. N. Columbia. Cabmi, p. o., and cap. "White co., III. : on the "W. side of the Little Wabash r., 147 m. S. E. Springfield. Carmichael's, p. o., Greene Co., Fenn. : 1ST m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. Caesent PRAmiE, p. 0., Perry co., III. : US m. S. Spring- field. Caenesvtlle, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Ga. : on Steplien's cr. of Broad r., 91 m. N. by E. Milledgeville. Caroline county, Md. Situate E. shore on State line, and contains 310 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Choptank r., Marshy Hope cr., and other streams. Surface flat. Soils Bandy, but improvable. Farms 730 ; dwell. 1.520, and pop. — wh. C,096, fr. col. 2,7SS, si. SOS— total 9,692. Capital: Denton. CAROLrNE county, Virg. Situate E. between Eappahan- nock and North Anna, a tributary of Pamunky r., and con- tains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by head waters of Mattapony r. Surface hilly and broken, and soils various. The principal products are wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobacco. Farms 715; manuf. 51; dwell. 903, and pop.— wh. G.S92, fr. col. 903, si. 10,661— total 18,456. Cajntal: Bowling Green. Public Works: Frederick and Eichmond E. K. Carolina, p. v., Haywood co., Tenn. : 146 m. "W. by S. Nashville. CAEOLrxA Female College, p. o., Anson co., X. Car. : 89 m. S. W". Raleigh. Caroline, t. and p. v., Tompkins co., X. T.: on the "W. side of West Owego cr., 123 m. W. Albany. The Cayuga and Susquehanna R. E. passes through the W. part of the t Pop. 2,537. Caroline Centre, p. o., Tompkins co., K T. : 131 m."U'. Albany. Caroline Mills, p. o., "Washington co., i?. I. Carondelet, p. o., St. Louis co., Mo.: on the "W, side of the Mississippi, and 5} m. below St. Louis, and 108 m. E. Jefferson City. It is an important v., and contains about 800 inhabitants. Carpenter's Creek, p. o., Jasper co., Ind. : on the cr. so called. 93 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Carpenter's Landing, p. v., Gloucester co.. K. Jer. : at the head of sloop navigation on Mantua cr. of the Delaware, 7 m. above its confluence, 44 m. 8. "W. Trenton. It has considerable trade in lumber and fire-wood. Pop. about 300. Carpentrrsville, p'. . ., Putnam co., Ind, : on a branch of Big Raccoon cr., 88 m. W. Indianapolis. Carp Eiveb, p. o., Marquette co., Mich.: on the r. of same name, 292 m. N. W. Lansing. Carp r. is a small stream emptying into Lake Superior, below Talcott Harbor. Caer, p. 0., Jasper co., la. : S3 m. W. Iowa City. Caeribop, p. 0., Aroostook co., Me. Carritunk, p. v., Somerset co.. Me.: on the E. side of Kennebec r., 63 m. N. by W. Augusta. Carroll county, ArA\ Situate N. "W. on State line, and contains 1,004 sq. m. Drained by Creeks of Wliito r. Sur- face level or undulating. Soils of average fertility. Farms 541; manuf 1; dwell. 6S6, and pop.— wh. 4,390, fr. col. 11, si. 213— total 4,614. Capital: Carrollton. Carroll county, 6V. Situate N. W. on State line, and contains 7G0 sq. ra. Drained by Tallapoosa r. and the trib- ^ ularics of Chattahoochee r., which bounds it S. E. Surface elevated and broken, and the soil indifferent. Wheat, In- dian corn, and cotton are the chief products. Farms 782 ; manuf. 16; dwell. 1,379, and pop.— wh. 8,252, fr. col. 4, si. 1,101— total 9,357. Capital: Carrollton. Cakjioll county, M. Situate N. "W. on Mississip])! r., and contains 496 sq. m. Drained by Plum r. and several creeks. Surface undulating— prairie predominating. Near the Mississippi are several sloughs and lakes. Soil uni- formly rich. Farms 4S3; manuf. 17; dwell. 814, and pop. — wh. 4,5S3, fr. col. 3— total 4,5S6. Capital : Mount Carroll. Carroll county, Ind. Situate N. N. "W. middle, and contains 376 sq. m. Surface generally level, but undulates on the "Wabash, Tippecanoe, and "Wild Cat, which are the principal streams. Mostly covered with timber. The soil is a rich loam. Farms 1.129 ; manuf. 79 ; dwell. 19ii9, and pop.— wli. 10,9S2, fr. col. 33— total 11,015. Capital : Delphi. Public Works: Wabash and Erie Canal. Carroll county, la. Situate "W., and contains 576 sq m. Taken from Poltowaltomie in 1S51. Carroll county, Ky. Situate N., at the confluence of Kentucky r. with the Ohio, and contains 142 sq. m. Drained by Kentucky r. and its creeks. Surface generally level, and the soils of an average fertility. "Wheat, com, and tobacco are the staple products. Farms 376; manuf. 17; dwell. 766, and pop.— wh. 4,552, fi". col. 25, si. 949— total 6,526. Capi- tal: Carrollton. Carroll parish, la. Situate N. E. of "W. District, on Mississippi, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Bayoux du Bo'uf and Macon, and river Tensas — all tributaries of the Washita. Surface low and level ; soils of great fertility. Farms 233; manuf. 10; dweU. 5S2, and pop.— wh. 2,336, fr. col. 10, si. 6,443— total 8,789. Cajntal: Lake Providence. Carroll county, Md. Situate N. middle, and contains 462 sq. m. Drained by streams flowing into Palapsco r., Chesapeake Bay, the Potomac, and Monocacy rivers. Parr's Ridge, a high watershed, divides the county, and diverts the course of the streams. Surface hilly and rocky; soils thin, but there is much good farm land. Grazing is much attended to; iron and copper abound, and there is flne tim- ber. Farms 1,3S7; manuf. 124; dwell. 8,476, and pop.— wh. 18,067, fr. col. 974, si. 975— total 20.616. Capital: Westminster. Public Works: Baltimore and Ohio R. R., and "Westminster Branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna R. E. Carroll county, Ml'is. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 1,040 sq. m. Drained by the branches of Yazoo and Big Black rivers. Surface various, but soils rich and pro- ductive. The principal products are Indian corn and cattle. Farms 9SG ; manuf. 45; dwell. 1,441, and pop.— wh. 8,661, fr. col. IS, si. 8,812— total 13,491, CapHid: Car- rollton. Carroll county. Mo. Situate "W. on Missouri r.. having Grand r. on its E. border, and contains 670 sq. m. Draimd by Waconda and Big creeks. Surface uno Lookout is its most prominent projection. Surface low and level; soils sandy, with extensive marshes. rroj. Situate centrally, and contains 44S gq. m. Drained by head wafers of Green and Salt rivers, and somo creeks of Cumberland r. Surface uneven, and soils fertile. Salt springs abound. "Wheat, com, and tobacco, are staple products. Farms 758; nianuf. 11 ; dwell. LOOS and pop.— wh. 5,S63, fr. coL 59, sL 634— total 6,556. Cajti- tal : Liberty. Casey, p. v., aarke co.. TU. : 9T m. E. Springfield. Casetvtlle, p. v., Union co., Ky.: 17S m. W. by S. Frankfort. Casher's Valt.ey, p. 0., Macon co., J^. Car.: 2G3 m. "W. S. W. Raleigh. Cash's Nob, p. o., Montgomery co., Xy. ; 61 m. E. by S. Frankfort, Cashtowk, p. v., Adams co., Pcun. : in Ihc Getlysbnrg and Chambersburg turnpike, 43 ni. S. "W. llarrisburg. Cashtille, p. 0., Spartaliburgh dist., *S'. Car,: 91 ni. N. "W. Columbia. Cass county, Ga. Situate N. "W., and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by Etowah r. and iLs trilmtaries. Surface elevated and hilly ; soils generally fertile ; on the streams, a fine alluvion; wheat, Indian corn, and cotton, are the chief products. Farms GUI; manuf. S; dwell. 1,702, and pop.— wh. 10,271, fr. col. 21, si. 3,00S— total 13.300. Capi- tal : Cassville. Puhltc ^Vork& : Macon and Western R. R., with Branch R. R. to Rome. Cas6 county, ///. Situate W. centrally, on the left bank of Illinois r., aud contains .360 sq. ni. Drained liy tributa- ries of Sangamon r., which border.s the county on the N., and by Indian cr. Surface undulating; prairie and timber being equally distributed. Soils very fertile. Farms 606; manuf. 26; dwell. 1,169, and pop.— wh. 7,24S, fr. col. 5— total 7,253. Capital: Beardstown. Cas3 county, Ind. Situate N. middle, and contains 876 sq. m. Surface generally level, but hilly or undulating near the Wabash and Eel rivers. All the S. part is heavily tim- bered bottom-land, while in the N. prairie prevails. Con- siderable manufactures are carried on along the Waba.sh and other streams, which afford nnmense driving power- Iron ore, building stone, etc., are abundant. Farms 1.134; manuf. 108 ; dwell. 1,S63, and pop.— wh. 10,959, fr. col. 62— total 11,021. O'/);^^^ .■ Logansport. I'zihlic ]yor/cs : ^Va- bash and Erie Canal. Cabs county, /*/. Situate S. W., and contains 576 sq. m. Taken from I'ottowattoniie in 1S37. Cass county, Mich. Situate S. W. on State line, and con- tains. 504 sq. ra. Drained by tributaries of St. Joseph r. Surface gently undulating and diversified by prairie and timber groves. Soils exceedingly fertile. Farms 950; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,914, and pop.— wh. 10,515, fr. col. 399— total 10,907. Capital : Cassopolis. Cass county, Mo. Situate W. on the State line, and con- tains G70 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of South Grand r. Siirface level prairie, and soil excellent. Farms 729; manuf. lU; dwell. 933, and pop.— wh. 5,610, fr. col. 3, si. 47S— total 6,090. Caj/ital: Harrisonville. Cass county, Tt\p. Situate N. E. between Sulphur Fork of Red r., and Big Cypress r. and Caddo lake. The water- shed being near the N. border, the greater number and largest streams fall into the waters bounding it S. Surface elevated, undulatinir, and well watered — timber. abundant on the streams. Soils dark black mold mixed with clay. Farms 365; nianuf 10; dwell. o.')H, and pop.— wh. 3.0-^9, fr. col. 0, si. 1,902— total 4,991. Capital: Jefferson. Cass, p. v., Tippecanoe co., Ind. : 63 m. N. W. Imlian- apolis. Cass, p. v., Venango co., fenn. : 1G9 m. W. N. W. llarrisburg. Cass, p. v.. Du Page co., ///. ; about 3 m. N. of the Illi- nois r., and 158 m. N. E. Springfield. Cass, p. v.. Hillsdale co., jUich. : 59 m. 8. Lansing. Cass, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Ohio: 84 m. N. by W. Columbus. Pop. njl. Cass, p. v., Franklin co., Arl:: 112 m. N. W. Little Rock. Cass, p. v., Lawrence co., Tetm. : 73 m. S. by W. Nash- ville. Cass river, Mich. : a large branch of Saginaw r., into which it discharges, about 20 m. above its confluence. It passes through a rich interval, covered with a heavy growth of beech ami sugar tree. In high water it is boatable for 15 or 20 m., aud in its whole course affords excellent mill sites. Cassadaoa, p. T., Chautauque co., y. Y. : on the W. side of the lake so called, *27G in. W. by S. Albany. Caj^adaga lake and creek empty into the Conewango cr., a tributary of Alleghany r. CAS GAT Cassity's Mills, p. o., Morgan co., Ey. : 89 m. E. Frank- fort. Cassopolis, p. v., and cap. Cass co., Mich, : on the N.W. border of Sloue Lake, 89 m. S. W. Lansing. Casstown, p. v., Miami co., Ohio: (iS m- W. Colum- bus. Casstown, p. v., "White co., Teim. : 76 m. E. Nash- ville. Cassyille, p. v., and cap. Cass co., Ga. : 123 m. N. W. Milledgeville. It is a thriving village, and has a weekly newspaper, the " C. Standard." The Western and Atlantic E. E. passes it on the 8. W. Cassvillb, p. v., Harrison co., O?cio : 9S m. E. by N. Columbus. Cassvllle, p. v., and cap. Barry co., Mo. : on Flat cr. of James r., a fork of the White r., 162 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Cassvtlle, p. v., Oneida co., 2^. Y.: on Sauquoit or., 7G m. W. by N. Albany. Cassville, p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn.: 6S m. W. Harrisburg. Cassville, L and p. v.. Grant co., Wise, : on the E. side of Mississippi r., 84 m. W. by S. Madison. Cassville, p. v., Monongalia Co., Virg. : 193 m. N. W. Eicbmond. Oasswell county, K Car. Situate N. middle on the State line, and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Dan r. Surface elevated and varied. Soils fertile. Wheat, corn, oats, and tobacco are largely produced, and the stock of cattle, etc., is ample. Farms 707 ; manuf. 50 ; dwell. 815, and pop— wh. 7,081, b. col. 413, sL 7,770— total 15,269. Capital: Yancey vUle. Castalia, p. v., Eric co., Ohio: 98 m. N. Columbus. Cabtallan Springs, p. o., Sumner co., Tenn.: 33 m. N. E. NashviUe. Casitle, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., K T. : 222 m. W. Albany. The Geuessee r. flows through the E. part of the town, and in the N. part is Silver Lake. The village is lo- cated on the Buffalo and New York City R. R. Pop. 2,446. Castile, p. v., Greene co., Fenn.: 1S9 m. W. by 8. Harrisburg. Castile, p. v., Clinton co., Mo. : on a cr. of Flatte r. so called, 146 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Castine, p. v., Darke co., Ohio: SI m. W. Columbus. Castine, t., p. v., sea-port, and cap. Hancock co.. Me. ; on a peninsula on the E. side of Penobscot Bay, opposite Belfast, 48 m. E. Augusta. The town is almost surrounded by navigable waters. The \-ilIage at the S. end of the pen- insula has a good harbor, capable of receiving the largest ships. The site was occupied by the French as early as 1607, and it was held by the British in the last war. ft is the key to the Penobscot r., and might easily be fortified. The lumber and coasting trade employ its shipping, and much attention is paid to the fisheries. Pop. 1.261. Castle Craig, p. o., Campbell co., Virg. : 109 m. W. by 8. Richmond. Castle Cueek, p. o., Broome co., M T.: 112 ra. S. W. Albany. Castle Fix, p. v., York co., Fenn. : 41 m. S. by E. Harrisburg. Castle Gkove, p. o., Jones co., la. : 42 m. N. E. by E. Iowa City. Casti-esjan's Frnr.Y. p. o., Clarke co., Virg. : on Shenan- doah r., 105 m. N. by W. Richmond. Castleman's river, Fenn. : the E. branch of the You- ghiogeny r. It is a rapid stream and has many falls and cascades. Castleton, t, Richmond co., J^. Y. : on the N. end of Staten Island. Pop. 5,3S9. Castleion, t and p. o., Bacry co., MIcJi. : on the Big Fork of Thornapple cr. 42 m. W. by S. Lansing. In thi.s town the river expands into large lakes, which cover a tenth of the town lands, Pop. 324 110 Castleton, p. v., Eenssellaer co., y. Y.: on the E. sido of Hudson r., and on the line of the Hudson River E. E., 10 m. S. Albany. Castleton, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Verm. : on Casllo- ton r., 54 ra. S. W. Montpelier. Lake Bombazine, 8 m. long and less than 8 m. broad, lies mostly in the town, and contains a beautiful island of 10 acres. The village is tho seat of CasUeton Medical College, a department of Mid- diebury College. The Saratoga and Castleton 11. R. and the Rutland and Washington R. R. intersect at this point, and unite with the Vermont and Canada lines. P. 3 DIG. Castoe, p. o., Caldwell par., La, : 134 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Castorville, p. v., and cap. Medina co,, Tex.: on the W. side of the Rio San Anlunio, 9^ m. S. W. Austin City. The old Sp.'inish militan- road crosses the r. at this poinL The inhabitants are chiefly Germans. Caswell, p. v., Lafayette co.. Miss. : 158 m. N. by E. Jackson. Catahoula parish, La. Situate E. centrally of W. DisU, and contains about 800 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Red and Washita rivers. Surface E. flat, and subject to inundation — W. moderately hilly, and corered with pine timber. Soils fertile, producing Indian com, potatoes, and cotton. Farms 85S; manuf. 3; dwell. 655, and pop. — wh. 3,535, fir. col. 19, al. 3,378— total 6,982. Capital: Har- risonburg. Catauoula river, Za. : a tributary of the Washita r. Catalpa Gbove, p. o., Greene co., iTy. ; 76 m. S. S. W. Frankfort. Catalpa Geove, p. o., Marshall co.. Term. ; 46 m. S. NashviUe. Catalpa Geovie, p. v., Benton CO., Ind. : 86 m. N. W, Indianapolis. Cat-a-Poodle river, Oreg. : a tributary of Columbia r. from the N. E., emptying opposite the village of St Helens. Cataract, p. o., Owen co., Ind. : 52 m. S. W. Indian- apolis. CATASArquA, p. v., Lehigh co., Fenn. : 73 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Pop. SS5. Cataula, p. v., Harris co., Ga.: 114 m. W. by 3. Milledgevill)?. Catawba county, y. Car. Situate centrally, and contains 430 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Catawba r., which is its S. border. Farms 957; manuf. 3; dwell. 1.237, and pop. — wh. 7,272, fr. col. 21, si. 1,569— total 8,862. Capital: Newton. Catawba, p. v., Clarke co., Ohio: 48 m. W, Columbus. Catawba, p. v., Botetourt co. Virg. : on a cr. so called, 133 m W. Richmond. Catawba Cbeek, p. c, Gaston co.,^ Car. ; 139 m. S. W. Raleigh. Catawba Sphings, p. v., Lincoln co., K. Car. : on the W. side Catawba r., 3 m. distant, and 123 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Catawba View, p. o., Caldwell co., 2T. Car. : 153 m. W, Raleigh. CATAw^ssA, t. and p. v., Columbia co., Femi.: on the Susquehanna, at the mouth of Catawissa cr., 53 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. The Catawissa and Little Schuylkill R. R. passes through the village. Pop. of v. 565. Catawissa Vallev, p. o., SchuylkUl co., Fentu : 53 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Catfisu FrRN'ACE, p. 0., Clarion co., Fenn. : 156 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Cathariniw, t. aud p. v., Chemung co., N". Y. : 15-1 m. W. by S. Albany. The t is drained by Catharines and Cayula creeks. Pop. 3,070. Catharute Lake, p. o., OubIow co., AT. Car. : 98 m. S. E. Raleigh. Cathcaet, p. v., White co., Ind. : 82 m. N. N. W. Indian- apolis. Catukt's Creek, p. o.. Henderson oo., N. Car. CAT CED Catiilamet, v., Pacific co., Oreg.: on the N. bank of Columbia r., about 30 m. from its mouth, and SG m. N. Salem. CATi.KTTSBURcn. p. 0., Grcenup co., Ky, : on the Ohio r., below the muulh of Big Sandy r., 133 m. E. Frankfort, Catu, t. and p. v., CajTiga co., iV. Y. : on Seneca r., 142 m. \V. Albany. Pop. 2,-'47. Cato.v, t- and p. c, Steuben co., J^. Y, : 166 m. W. S. W, Albany. Pop. I 214. Catonstili^, p. v., Baltimore co., ^fd. : on the N. side of Patapsco r., 2 m. distant, and 36 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. Cato SpRI^•G8, p. o., Kaukin co., Mi.vs. Catskill, t., p. v., and cap. Greene co., jV^ Y.: on the W. side of Hudson r., 31 m. S. Albany. The v. lies on both sides of Gatakill cr.,near itrfjunclion with the Hudson, and contains, besides the county buil'Iin;;rs, aeveral hand- 6ome churches, hotels, and stores. It has numerous manu- factures, and is much engagt-d in the river trade. Two newspapers, the '• 0. Democrat," aad the " Greene County "tt'hig," are issued weekly. Pop. 5,454. Catskill Mountains (Kaatsberg), J\1 Y.: rise in Flster CO., and, extending through Greene and Schoharie counties, bend in a crescent form toward the Mohawk r. Piound Top, the highest peak, measured by the barometer, is 8,su4 feet above tide water ; and a second peak is 3,71S feet. On the E. the mountains are precipitous, but on the W. side the descent is comparatively gentle. In these mountains, many of the wild animals indigenous to the State arc still to be found. These mountains are frequently resorted to by summer tourists. Cattaraugus county, N". Y. Situate S. "W., and contains 1,234 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Alleghany r. and Cat- lajaugus cr.— the waters of the former being conveyed to the Gulf of Mexico, and of the latter to the Atlantic through St. Lawrence r. Surface elevated, well timbered, and the soils excellent, producing wheat, com, etc., of the finest quality. Bog-iron ore, manganese, peat, marl, etc., are found in abundance; and near Freedom is an oil spring— there are also saline and sulphur springs. Farms 3.(;55 ; manaf. 299; dweU. 6,750, an;I2. Cecil county, Md, Situate N. E., and contains 360 sq. m. Drained by Elk, North-east, and other rivers. Sur- face generally undulating, sometimes hilly and broken. Soils light and loamy, with a reddish clay subsoil. Rocks abundant, and iron, chromes, and other minerals found. Timber sufficient for domestic purpr)sps. Farms 1,2U8; manuf. 176; dwell. 3,056, and pop— wh. 15,472, fr. col. 2,623, 8l. S44— totid 1S.939. Capital: Elkton. rublic Works: Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore E. K. ; New- castle and Frenchtown E. E. ; and Chesapeake and Dela- ware Canal. Cecil, t. and p. o., Washington co., Penn.: on MuUer's branch of Chartier's cr.,173 ra. W. Ilarrisbnrg. Pop. 1.2'^7. Cecilton, p. v., Cecil co., Md. : on the N. of Sassafras r., 3 ra. distant, 48 m. N. E. Annapolis. Cedar county, la. Situate E., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Cedar r. and its branches. Surface undulating and soils fertile. Farms S5S; manuf. 4; dwell. 6S6, and pop.— wh. 3,939, fr. col. 2— total 3,941. Cajyital: Tipton. Cbdah county. Mo. Situate W., and contains 428 sq. m. Drained by the tributaries of Sac r. of the Osage. Sur- face level, with some woodland. Soils exceedingly fertile. Farms 347; manuf. 7; dwell. 561, and pop.— wh. 3,278, fr. col. 1, sl. 82— total 3,361. Capital: Fremont, Cedar, p. v., Allen co., Jnd. : at the confiuence of Cedar cr. with Little St. Joseph r., 112 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Cedak, p. 0., Livingston co., Mich. : SS ra. E. by S. Lansing. Cedar Bayou, p. o., Liberty co., Tltr. ; on a cr. so called, 172 m. E. Austin Cit}'. Cedar Bluff, p. v., Cherokee co.. Ala. : \^2 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Formerly capital of the county. Cedar Bluff, p. o., Ocktibbeha co., Miss. : 107 m. N. E. Jackson. Cedar Bluff, p. c, Tazewell co., Virg. : 23S m W. by S. Richmond. Cedar Bbanch, p.o., Campbell co., Ga. : 91 m. W.N.W. Milledgeville. Cedaebubgu, t and p. v., Washington co., TlV.'.c.* on the in CED CEN Vf. Bide of Cellar cr. of Milwaukie r., 74 m. E, by N. Madison. I*op. 1,134. Geo&b Crkek. p. v., Sussex co., Dd. : 27 m. S. by E. Dover. Cedar Crevk bund, contains 72,090 acres CUDAR Creek, p. o., Eulherford co., K Car. : 178 m. W. 8. W. Kaleigh. Cedar Creek, p. o., VTashlnglon co., Wise, : on the W. Bido of Cedar er., 6^ m. IC. by N. MaAETowN, p. v., Paulding co., Ga. : between the forks of Cedar cr. of Coosa r., 182 m. W. N. W. MiUedgeville. Cedae Teee, p. o., Talladega co., Alboru nature gen- erally, but along the streams there is much tliat is highly ft-rtile. Farms 1,043; manuf. 171; dwell. S.OoG, and pop.— wh. 23,U2, fr. col. 243— total 23,355. Capital : Bellefonte. Centre, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co., Ala. : 136 m. N. by E. MotitgoDifry. Centke, p. v., Montgomery co., O^n'o: 66 ra. "W. S. W. Columbus. Centee, p. v., Talbot co., Ga. : 82 m. "ft", by S. Milledge- vllle. Centee, p. v., Cass co., Tea: : 2T« m. N. E. Austin City. Centre, p. v., Barren co., Ay.; 9S m. S. W. Frankfort. Centre, t. and p. o., Rock co., Wise. : 47 m. S. by E. MaJison. Pop. 626. Centee, p. v., Guilford CO., K Car. ; 69 m. W. by N. Ealeiffh. Centee, t. and p. o., Perry co., Pcnn. : 3C m. N. W. Har- rislnirg. Pop. 1,20S. Centre Almond, p. v., Alleghany co., K, Y. : 203 ni. "W. S. W. Albany. Centhe P.AitNSTEAT>, p. V., Belknap co,, JV! Uam-p. : on Sunooi)k r., IS m. N. E. by E. Concord. Centre Belpbe, p. v., "Washington co., Oliio : on the Ohio r., below Blenncrhassclt's Island, S6 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Centre Beelw, p. v., EeiisseUaer co., JV". T. : on Iloosie r., 19 m. E. Albany. Centre Beidge, p. o., Bueka co., rcitn.: 103 m. E. Ilarrisburg. Centre Bkook, p. o., Middlesex co.. Conn. : 24 m. S. by E. Hartford. CENTEEBUT.Gn, p. o., Knox CO., Ohio : on the S. side of the N. fork of Licking r., 33 m. N. E. Columbus. Centre Cambridge, p. v., Washington co., y. Y. : 2S m. N. N. E. Albany, Centre Camsteo, p. v., Steuben co., A^. Y. : on the S. side of Canisteo r., 1S9 m. W. S. W. Albnny. CentfvE Conway, p. v., Carroll co., A'". /lamp, : on Swift r.. 5G m. N. E. Concord. The Great Falls and Con%Yay E. E. will pasb near this village. Centre Creek, p. o., Iron co., Utali Tei\ Cektee Ckoss, p. o., Essex co., Tirg. : 62 m. N. E. Eichmond. Centeedale, p. o., Providence co., Ji. I. : 11 m. W. Providence. Centkefikld, p. v., Ontario co., A'l Y : 177 m. W. Albany. Centrefield, p. v., Oldham co., Xy. : 37 m. N. AV. Frankfort. Cekteefield, p. v., Highland co., Ohio : on the S. side of Paint cr., 54 m. S. W. Columbus. Centre Groton, p. v.. New London, co., Co7in.: 43 m. B. E. Uartford. Centre Guilfoeb, p. v., Piscataquis co., Me. : 53 ni. N. N. E. Augusta. Centre IIaeboe, t. and p. v., Belknap co., K. ITnwp. ,- between "Winnepieseogee Lake on the S., and Squam Lake on the N., 3S m. N. Concord. Pop. 549. Centre IIill, p. o., Centre co., Penn.: 74 ni. N. "W. Harrisburg. Centre Uill, p. c, Stewart co., Ga. : 113 m. S. W. Milled gevi lie. CentKe Independence, p. o., AUeghany co., A'". Y. : 2ii5 m. W. S. W. Albany. Centre Lebanon, p. v., York co., M^. : S4 m. S. W. Augusta. Cen TRE Ltncolntii-le, p. V., Waldo CO., J/(', ; 87 m. E. by S. Augusta. Centre Line, p. o., Centre CO., Perin.: 61 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. Centre Lisle, p. o., Broome co., A''. Y. : 113 m. "W, Iiy S. Albany. Centre Lovell, p. o., Oxfonl co., Jfc. : 57 ni. E. by 9, Augusta. Centre Montville, p. v., Waldo co.. il/t'. : 27 m. E. by N, Augusta. Centre Moreland, p. v., Wyoming co., Pen/i.: 98 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Centre Ossirpee, p. v., Carroll co.. A". Htunp.: 42 m. N. N. E. Coiioord. Centre Point, p. v., Monroe co., Xy. ; IIS m. S. S W. Frankfort. Centre Point, p. v., Sevier co,, Arl: : 14T m. W. S. W Little Eock. Centre Point, p. v., Liim co., la. : on a cr. of Cedar r., SS m. N. by W. Iowa City. Centre Point, p. v., Knox co., III. : 7S m. N. N. W Springfield. CENTas Port (now Elm Bl0Ff), p. v., Dallas co., Ala. .' on the E. side of Alabama r., 49 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Centreport, p. v., Suffolk co., A'. 1'. .' on Great Cow Bay, lis m. S. by E. Albany. Centre Eidge, p. v., Kemper co., Miss.: 91 m. E. N. E. Jaekson. Centre Edtland. p. v., Eutland co., V<'rtn. : on Mill r. of Otter cr., 49 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Centre Sandwich, p. v., Carroll co., A'". Ilainp.: 46 m. N. Concord. Centre Sherman, p. v., Chautauque co., K. Y. : 293 m. W. by S. Albany. Centre Sidney, p. v., Kennebec co., M-:. : 5 m. N. Augusta. Centre Star, p. o., Lauderdale co., Ala. : 194 m. N. W. Montgomery. Centre Strafford, p. v., Straflford co., A' Iliimp. : 21 m. E. C'tncord. Centreton, p. v., Salem co., 2^. Jer. : 66 m. S. by W. Trenton. * Centreton, p. v., Huron co., Oliio: 103 m. N. by E. Columbus. Centretown, p. v., Dubuque co.», la. : 66 m. N. E. Iowa City. Centretown, p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : 197 m. W. N.W. Harrisburg. Centretowtt, p. V.J Anderson dist., S. Cao: : IIS m. W. N. W. Columbia. Centre Valley, p. o., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Centre Valley, p. o., Otsego co., K. Y. : 49 m. W. by N. Albany. Centre Village, p. v., Camden co., Ga.: 163 m. S. E. Milledgcville. Centre Vjllagf. p. v., Broome co., K. Y. : 117 m. W. S. W, Albany. Centreville, p. v., Montgomery CO., Ark. : 72 m. W. by S. Little Eock. Centeeville, p. v., Leon co,, Tex. : 126 m. N. E. Austin City. Cuntreyillc, p. v., and cap. Bibb ro,, Ala.: on the E. side of Cahawba r., at the lower falls, 65 m, N, W. Montr gonicry. Centeeville, p. v., Newcastle CO., Del. ; near the N. State line, .39 m. N. by W. Dover. Cknteeville, p. v., Leon co., Flor. Centeeville, p, v., Wilkes co., Qa.: S. of Long cr. of Broad r., 51 ra. N. E. Millcdgeville. Centeeville, p. v., Columbia CO., Wise. : 61 m. N. E. Madison. Centeeville, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Iifd. : on thcE. side of White Water r., CI m. E. by N. Indianapolis. The Central Indiana E. E. passes through the v. about U m. W. Eirhraond. Centeeville, p. v.. and cap. St. Joseph's co., Mich. : on the S. side of Prairie r. of St. Joseph's r., 73 m, S. W. Lansing. It is an improving town, and has a newspaper, CEN CHA the "St. Joseph's County Advertiser'' (whig), published weekly. A branch of the University is located here. Centreville, p. v., and cap. Appanoose cc, Ja. : 76 m. B. W. Iowa City. Cestbetille, p. v., "Wabash co., III. : 183 m. 8, E. Springfleld. Centreville, p. T., Conway co., Ark. : 47 m. N. "W. Little Kock. Centreville, p. v., Bourbon co., Ky. : 83 m. E. Frank- fort. Centreville, p. v., St. Mary's par., La. : on the S. side of Bayou Teeh6, 51 m. S. by W. Baton Eouge. Centreville, p. v., and cap. Queen Anne co., Md, : at the head of Corsica cr., 25 m. K. Annapolis. Centbeville, p. v., Barnstable co., Mms.: 63 m. S. E. Boston. CenteevillEj p. v., Amitie co., Mus. : 94 m. 8. "W. by S. Jackson. Centreville, p. v., Moore co., J^. Cur. : 45 m. 8. W. Ealeigh. Centreville, p. v., Hunterdon co., Jf. Jer, : 83 m. N. Trenton. Cbktreville, t. and p. v., Alleghany co., 271 T.: in the N. W. comer of the co., 228 m. W. by S. Albany. P. 1,44,*). Cente£ville, p.v., Montgomery co., Ohio : 68 m. W. S.W. Columbus. Building stone is abundant in the neighbor- hood. Centreville, p. v., Crawford co., Penn.: on a cr. of Alleghany r., 157 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Centreville, p. v., Kent co., li. I. : on the E. side of Patuxent r., 11 m. 8. S. "\V. Providence. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods. Pop. about 450. Centreville, p. v., Laurens dist., S. Car, : 73 m. N. W. Columbia. Centreville, p. v., Hickman co., Term. : on the 8. side of Duck r, of the Tennessee, 47 m. 8. W. Na8h\*ille. This V. was formerly capital of the county. Centreville, p. v., Fairfax co., Vlrg. : on the N. branch of Occoquan cr., 84 m. N. Fachmond. It has some manu- factures, and about 360 inhabitants. Centreville, p. v., and cap. Appanoose co., 7(7. .• on the 8. side of Cooper's cr. of Chariton r., S7 m. S. "W. Iowa City. Centre White Creek, p o., Washington co., JV. T. : 31 m. N. N. E. Albany. Ceralvo, p. v., Carroll co., Miss, : 71 m. N. by E, Jackson. Ceres, p. v., Alleghany co., iVC K ; on a tributary of Alle- ghany r., 213 m. W. S. W. Albany. Ceeesco, p. v., Calhoun co., JficJi.: on the N. side of Kalamazoo r., 89 m. S.W. Lansing. The Michigan Central K. K. passes through the v. 5 ni. W. of Marshall. Ceresco, t. and p. v., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : on a cr. emptying into Green Lake, 65 m. N. E. Madison, P. 1,337. Ceeeo Gordo county, la. Situate W. middle, and con- tains 576 sq. m. Taken from Pottowattoraee in 1S51. Cerro Gordo, p. v., and cap. Holmes co., Fior. Cerbo Gordo, p. v., Piatt co., ML: on the S. side of the N. fork of Sangamon r., 47 m. E. N. E. t?pringflcld. Chadd's Ford, p. o., Delaware co., Paui.: 162 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Chagrin Falls, p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : on Chagrin r. of Lake Erie, 165 ra. N. E. Columbus. Chalk Bluff, p. o., Greene co.) Ark. : 143 m. N. E. Little Rock. Chalk Level, p. o., Cumberland co., N. Cur. : 89 m. S. Kaleigh. Chalk Level, p. o., St. Clair co., Mo. : 94 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. CuALK Level, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Virff. : 108 m. S. W. Richmond. Chalk Level, v., Benton co., Tenn. : on the W. side of Tennessee r., 71 m. W, by S. Nashville. 114 Chalk Letel, p. o., Hopkins co., Ay. ; 171 m. W. S.W. Frankfort, Chalkville, p. v., Chester dist., S. Car. : 87 m. N. W. Columbia. Chambers county, Ala. Situate E. on State line, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Chattahoochee and Tallapoosa rivers. Surface undulating, and soils gen- erally fertile, producing wheat, corn, and collon. Farms 1,342 ; manuf. 56 ; dwell. 2,138, and pop.— wh. 12,784, fr. eol. IS, si. 11,15'! — tol.il 2^,960. Caintal: Chambers, i'libll:! Worfcs : Montgomery and West Point li. li. Chambers, p. v., and cap. Chambers co., Al-DLEEVILLE, p. T., ChCStcr CO., Pi'tUK .' 62 ffi. E. S. E. Uarrisburg. Channahon, p. v., Will CO., Jli. : on a tributary of Illiuois r., 133 m. N. E. Springfidd. Chansln'gvtlle, p. v., Dubuque ca, lu. : G9 m. N. E. Iowa City. CiiA>"ni.i,T, p. 0., Lincoln co., Mo. : 76 m. N". R Jefferson City. Cu^sJiTTLLT, p. a, FalrfaK co., Virg. : 92 m. N. Rich- mond. Chapel Hiix, p. v.. Orange co., JV' Air. : on New Hope r., a branch of Cape Fear r., 27 m. N. W. Raleigh. The v. derives its chief importance from being the seat of the University of NortJi Carolina, This institution was founded in 1789, and is well endowed. Permanent population, about 300. Chapel Hill, p. v., Monmouth co,, If. Jer. CuAPEL Hill, p. v., Marshall co., Te^i/n. : on n cr. oC Duck r., 37 m. S. by E. NashvUle. Chapel Hill, p. v.. Perry co., Ohio: 52 m. E. by S. Columbus. CuAPEL niLi>, p. v., Washington co., 7kr. ; 70 m. E. Austin City. Cn.vpEL Hill, p. v., I-a Fayette co., J/b. ; 9S m. W. by N. Jefferson City. CnArELsnrp.G, p. v., Cattaraugus co., K. Y. : 242 m. "W. by S. Albany. Chapinville, p. v., Ontario co., ZT. Y. : 172 m. "W. by N. Albany. Chapistille, p. T., Litchfield co., Conn. : 44 m. W. Hartford. Chaplin, p. v., Nelson co., Xy. ; 47 m. W. by S. Frankfurt, Chaplin, t. and p. v..Windhani C'">.. Co?i!i. : on N:>;rhaug r., 27 m. E. by N. Hartford. Pop. 7Si9. Chapman, t, and p. o.. Union co., P-^rn). : on Mahantango cr., 39 m. N. "W". Harrisburg. Pop. 1,427. CuAPMANviLLE, p. Y., Logan CO., Virg. : 246 m. W. Richmond. CnAppAQrA, p. v., Westchester co., y. Y. : on llie line of the New York and Harlem Extension R. R. 97 m. S. by E. Albany. CuAPPELL, p. v., Dallas co., Arl:. : 59 m. S. Little Rock. CiiAPTico, p. v., St. Mari'''8 co., JiM. : on the S. side of Chaptico cr., 47 m. S. by W. Annapolis. Chaptico cr. is navigable to the village. CuAPULTEPEc, p. v., Blouot CO., Aid. .' 122 m. N. by W. Montgomery. CiL\PULTEPEC, p. v., Benton co., Tcnn. : 71 m. W. Nash- ville. Chaepon, p. v., and cap. Geauga co., Ohio ; ISO m. N. E. Columbus. It is a flourishing v., and has two m-wspapcrs, the " Geauga Republican'' (whig), and the " Free Demo- crat" (free soil), both published weekly. Pop. l,62-.i. CuABENTON, p. V., St. Mary's par., La. : 54 m. S. by W. Baton Rouge. CiiAEiToN, p. v., Lucas CO., la. : on the N. side of Chariton r., 103 m. S. W. Iowa City. CnABiTON Mills, p. o., Adair co., 3fo. : on Chariton r., lis m. N. by W. Jefll-rson City. CnAp.LEMONT, t. and p. o.. Franklin co., Afasf!. : on Deer- fleld r., 93 m.W. Boston. The Greenfield and North Adams R. R. will traverse the t. E. and W., forming a section of the Troy and Boston line of railroads. Pop. 1,173. Chaelemont, p. v., Bedford co., Virg. : IIS m. W. by S. Richmond. Charlton county. Mo. Situate centrally on N. bank of Missouri r., and contains 7S0 sq. m. Drained by Chariton r., and several tributaries of Grand r. Surface level or undulating prairie, and soil good. Farms 6.%9 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 1,09G, and pop.— wh. 5,6S3, fr. col. 4S, si. 1,77-!.— total 7,514. Ctipital: Keytesville. Charlks county, Md. Situate W. shore, and contains -100 sq. m. Draineti by a number of creeks flowing to the Pn- loraac and Patuxent rivers. Surface low and san>2 ; manuf. 76 ; dwell. 5,213, and pop.— wh. 24,5S6, fr. col. 3.S43. si. 44,376— total 72.305. Capital: Charleston. Public Wvrks : S&ntee Canal, and South Carolina R. R. Charleston, p. v., Mississippi co.. Mo. : 196 m. S. E. Jefferson City. 115 CHA CIIA CUA.1CLEST0N, p. V., an*! cap. Coles co., Ill, : about 2 m. \V. of KmbiirniH r., 82 in. K. by S. S. Sprinfrndd. The Terro Ilmilo and AUon li. K. will pass ihnmirli till-* village. CiiAULMTON, t. aud p. v., l'(.-i»»)bsw>l CO., Mi'. : 57 m. N.E. AuKUfttn. Pop. ],2S8. CuARi.EftTON, t. ua2, and ni'T are noted in tlie history of the city as periods of these devastating occurrences. The streets are laid out rccti- lineally, running ea-st and west, from tho rivers mirth and Bouth, forming nearly square Moclvs. The width of the streets varies from .% to 70 feet. Most of the buildings of tho city are of brick, and the dwellings are in general of elegant conetruction. The streets are Hucd with the pri4le of India, while elegant villas, adorned with verandahs reaching from tlio ground to the tops of the houses, sur- rounded by green edges, and buried in tho rich foliage of orange trees, magnoliiLs, and palmettoes, give an air of wi'alth and elegance to the city. Charleston is divided into four wards, and is governed by a mayor and 12 aldermen. Among tho public buildings, are the City Hall, Iho ]'!x- cbange, the District Court House, the jail, two arsenals, a theatre, tho U. S. C'nstom House, the Halls of tlu; College of Charleston, between MO nnai)!ist,'' the "Catholic Miscellany," and tho "SouIIu-rn Christian Advocate ;" three monthly periodicals, the " Go?*pel Messenger," tlio " School-Fellow" (educational), and the " Masonic Miscellany ;" and one bi-monthly, tho " Medical Journal." Many of these an; iiublicalions exhibiting a high order of talent, and have circulations beyond the locality. The "Medical Journal" is a work of world-wide renown, and h:t^ among its contributors the highest names among Southern physicians. The city of Charloslon is ono of the most ancient in the Union. Its foundations were laid in 1672. In 1677 it was called Oyster Point Town; in 16S0 New Chitflestown, and in 16^2 New Charleston. It was chartered as a eity in 17>s;j. At an early period of its history it attracted a consid- erable population from Barbadoes, and received large aocessions of French Huguenots. "On tho spot," says Bancroft, " where opulenoo now crowds tho wharves of the most prosperous mart on our Southern sen-board, among ancient groves that swept down tho river's banks, and wore covered with yellow jasmine which burdened tho verdant zephyrs with its perfumes, tho city was begun." Two centuries have nearly been completed since its founda- tion, and momentous have been tlio events and dmnges within that lapse of time. In 17;il — we havo it on tho autlnirity of an old historian — there were C90 houses in Charleston, 5 haudsomo cburctica, and that out of tho city were to bo found courtly, stately buildings, noble eastles, etc. The advantages of the location were early appreciated, and it socm became a place of considerable trade. Its first exports were staves, lumber, ftirs, and peltries, rice (first planted 1G98), to which were added in 1747 indigo, in 1782 tobacco, and in 1790 cotton. At the present time its great exports are rico and eollon. Of cotton, tho receipts from the interior in 1S50 were 400,714 bales, and of sea-island, 17,99 1 bales, and the exports were 865,327 bales upland, and lG,4;i7 bales sea-island ; and tho receipts of rico amounted to 147,090 barrels, and the exports to 134,417 barrels. The ftireign commerce of Charleston, however, lias not pro- gressed equally with its coasting tra-" tons); the remainder being made up of transient traders. Of this number, 5 wero steamships, 11 sliips, 9 barks, 24 brigs, 1 keteli, 2G sehooners, and 8 steamboats. There are also engaged in Ihe pilnlagc of the bar, is full branch pilols and S secun*! tmineh pilots, employing 9 pilot boats, with an aggregate of about lUli tons. There is at Charleston a l*"lOU tons. Tiio (jperations of Ibc doek are perform- ed by a steam-engine. Thi) South Carolina II. Ti. is the great conduit of the commeree of CMiarleston 1<» :md from Ibe interior. It ex- tends from Charleston to Augusta, 13G miles, and has nu- merous conneetions (fee.r><>0,OiM), and five insurance companies, with cai)itals in the aggregate amounting to ^4,5U(i,0*J*> i "'^o a provident institution for savings. The IJank of the State of Soutli Carolina is the fiscal agent of the State, .and holds, besides its capital of $l,12;i,:ir)7, the deposits of the State funds. The population of Charleston in 1790 was 10,859; in ISnn, 18.711; in 1810,24,711; in 1^20,^,780; in 1830, ;iO,2Hl) ; in ISIO, 29,2C1, and 1850, 42.9>S5. This is exehwivc of SI. J'hilii)'s parish, or the neck, whieli is, however, virtually a part of Charleston, and contains about 1G,000 inhabilanK CiiAiuxsTON, p. v., IJradley co., Tenn.: on tlie S. side of Ihe Iliwassee r., 123 m. K. S. K. Nashville. The ICast Ten- nessee ami <;eorgia IL K. passes the v. 40 m. from Dallon. CicARLraTON Fori: Couneks, p. o., Montgomery co,, A'. Y. : 32 m. W. by N. Albany. CiiAiti.F.STowN, p. v., Tranklin co., Ark.: on Arkansas r., 108 m. W. N. W. Little Ilock. CiiAitLF-sTowN, t and p. c, Middlenex cQ.^Masn.: on a peninsula between Charles and Mystic rivers, and conneeled witli ISoston, ei. v., and cap. Katon co., Mich. : on the N. siany. Pop. l,i)02. CuARLTON Df.pOt, p. o., "WorcL'stcr CO., M'is-1. : on tlic Western K. R.. 57 m. from Boston. CiiAKTiERS river, J'enn.: a small tributarj' of the Ohio r., wliich it joins 4 m. helow Tittsburg. It runs through the bituminous coal region of Washinglon co, CiiAUTiKiw, t. and p. o., Washinglon eo., Peiin.: on tho N. side Charticr'a er., 1S7 m. W. by S. llarrisburg. There is abundanec of coal in this locality, and on the cr. arc a large number of saw and gri(«t mills. CuASRViLLR, p. v., Murray co., Ga. : 1G3 ra. N. W. Millcdgevillc. CnAsiiviLLT;, p. v., Benton co., 7lj?m. ; on the W. side of Tennessee r., CO m. W. Nashville. CuATATY, p. v., Lradley co., Tenn.: 131 m. E. S. E. Nashville. CiiATEAUGAY, t. and p. v., Franklin co., ^11; on tho head tribut:iries of Chatcaugay r., 157 m. N. by W. Albany. The village lies on the Northern K. K., 45 ni. IVom liousc's Point, and 73 from Ogdensburg. Pop. 8,096. CiiATKAUGAY kiko, N. Y. .' this small laUc, which is 4 m. long, and about 2 m. wide, lies in lieekmantown, in Clinton CO, It abounds in fish, and has many scenes of beauty in its immediato neighborhood. Its surface \& elevated 1,400 feet above the tidt* waters of Hudson r. Chateaugay mountains, X. Y. : a range of bills com- mencing in Canada, and extending southward tlirough the nortli-west part of t'linton into Fraidiiin county. Some of the highest peaks are in Franklin, near Chateaugay Lake. CcATFAUGAT river, iV'l }'. ; a stream flowing northward from Chateaugay Mountains into Canada, where it empties into the St. Lawrence Kiver. , Chatfiklo, t. and p. v., Crawford CO., Ohio : 84 m. N. Columbus. Pop. l,yr»6. CuATUAM county, Ga. Bituato S. E. on the Atlantic, be- tween Savannah and Ogeeehee rivers, and contains 420 sq. m. Surface very low, scarcely above sea level — near the coast broken into islands by numerous inlets and canals. Tho chief products are rice and cotton. Farms 182; mainif. 18; dwell. 1,915, and pop.— wh. 0,161, fr. col. 722, si. 14.bl9 — total 23,901. Capital: Savannah, l^ublic IKwrA^; Cen- tral Georgia R. R. Chatham county, N'. Car. Ritnato centr.illy, and con- tains 858 sq. m. Drained by Haw r. and its tributaries. Surface elevated and varli-d. Soils clayey, and productive in wheat, corn, cotton, and tobacco. Farms 1.683 ; maniif. 48; dwell. 2,210, and pop.— wh. 12,164, fr. col. 300, si. 5,985 — totallS,449. Cupitid: I'ittsbnro. Chatham, p. v., Sangamon co., PI.: near the line of the Alton and Sangamon R. R., 24 m. S. S. W. Springflt-ld. Chatham,!, and p. v., liarnslablc co., J/iim. ; on the S. E. point of Cape Cod, 73 m. S. E. IJoston. It hag a good har- bor, and an extensive coasting trade and fisheries. Salt is also manufactured. Pop. 2.467. Chatham, t., Middlesex co.. Conn.: on the Connecticut r., opposite Middletown, 16 m. S. Hartford. It has consider- able manufactures. Pop, 1,531. Chatham, t. and p. v.. Cu]und)ia CO., A^ 5'; on Kinder- hook cr., 16 m. S. E. Albany. Chatham Pour Corners, a village in the 8. part of the town, is an imprtrtant point, where several lines of R. R. intersect or ft)rm a union. Pop. 3,839. Chatham, t. and p. v., Morris co.,K Jer.: on the Pas- saic r, 39 m. N. N. E. Trenton. Tho river passes through the village. Pop. 2,409. 118 Chatham, p. v., Chester co., J'enn.: 63 m; E. S. E. Uiirrisburg. Chatham, p. v., Licking co., Ohio: near the N. fork of Licking r., 39 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Chatham Centrr, p. v., Columbia co., X. Y.: on the line of the Western R. R., 20 m. S. E. Albany. Chatham Ckntiii;, p. v., Medina co., Ohio: on the E. bmneh of IJlack r., 113 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Chat[iam Fol'r Cokntrs, p. v., Columbia co., 2^. Y. : on the S. part of the town of Chatham, 2:i m. S. E. Albany. It is a vilhige of great importance, being tho point of in- tersection of the Albany and West Stoekbridge R. R. (western), the Hudson and Berkshire R. R., and the Harlem Extension R. R., etc. Chatham Hill, p. o., Smyth eo., Virff. : 222 m. W. by S. Rii-hmond. ('HATiiAM Run, p. 0., Clinton co., Penn. : 71 m. N. W. by N. Harrisl)urg. Chatham Valley, p. o.,Tioga co., P&nn. : 117 m. N. N.W. Harrisburg. CHATTAHnornKE, p. V., GadsdcH CO., J^loi'. : on tho E. side of Appalachicola r., immcdiatciy bolow the union of ChattahocK-hee and Flint rivers. Chattahoochke river, Ga. and Alalachi- eola r. Steamboats ascend it to Columbus, and boating is carried much farther up. ("HATrANooGA, p. V., Hamilton co., Tenn. : on the S. bank of Tennessee r., 113 m. E. S. E. Nashvillo. At this point tlic Nashville and Chattanooga R. R. forms a junction with the Western and Atlantic R. R., 151 m. from Nashville, and 311 from Angusta. A railroad is also In progress from iience to Charleston, on the East Tennessee and Georgia li. R. Tliia point, indeed, is destined to become the entre- pot of an inmonse inlantl connneree, reaching to the At- lantic sea-board on tho one Jmnd and beyond the Missis- sippi and Ohio on the other. Two newspapers are pub- lished weekly, lhe"C. Gazette" (whig), and the "C. Ad- verliser*' (dem.) Pop. about 3,000. Chattooga county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 420 sq. ra. Drained by Cliattooga r., n brancli of Coosa r. Surface elevated, hilly, and rugged, and the soils generally indifferent — on the streams fertile. Wheat, corn, and cotton are tho chief products. Farms 419; manuf. 10; dwell. 869, and pop.— wh. 5,131, fr. col. 4, si. 1,6S0— total C,S15. Capir- tnut 7 m. lon^ and 3 m. wide, and receives Cliaumonl r. The fish- eries of tho bay are very valuable, and it abounds in all the descriptions found in the lake of wliich it is an arm. Chaumont river, K. Y.: this stream rises in Jefferson County, and flows almoBt directly south, to lis confluence with Chaumont Ray. It is only 15 or IG m. in length, but affords Hbundarice of hydraulic power. Chauxoky, p. v., Athens co.. Ohio : on tho N. side of Hocking r. and canal, 76 m. S. E. Columbus. Chautaitque county, A''. K Situate S. W. on Lake Erie, and contains l.(tl7 sq. m. Drained by Chautauque I^ake, and a large number of streams flnwintr to Atlrgliauy r. An elevated ridge traverst-s the county 4 or 5 m. distant from Lake Erie, forming the watershed. Surface finely varied. CHA CHE an*l tlio soils, even to the hill-lops, open to euUivuIion. liof; iron, copperas, alum, marl, etc., abound, ami Iherc tro eiilptiur spi-iriLfi and a hydnt-jon spring, which at Kredonia, ^Ve^.ttu■ld, and \'an liun-n Harbor, are used to illuininale — tlie fjaa hnrnini; equal to eoal gas. Farms .MfJIJ; nianuf. DIO; dwell. 9.074, and pop.— wh. 5ii.;J53, fr. col. l;i5"tot;d &U,49;i. Capital: Mayville. I'uhlic }\'ork6-: New York and Erie K. K.,and BulTalo and Stale Lino Ji. ll. CiiAUTAugrE Valley, p. o., Alleghany co., iV. >'. ; 213 m. ^X. S. W. Albany. CnAUTAL'QCEhike, JV". K; a most beauliful slieetitf water in ihe counly of the same name. It is ly ni. in length, and varies in breadth (Voin 1 to 3 m., except near the nnd- dle, where it contracts to a few rods in widlh. It empties into Conewango cr. lis elevation is 7'2(! feet above the sur- face of Lake Krie, and 1,'291 above the ocean, being the most elevated lake in the Union on which sleaniboafs ply. CHAUTAL'tiUE rivcr, iV. i'.; a tributary of Lake Krie, from the counly of tho eamo name. It flows tlirough a deep ravine, and in its course furnishes excellent mill sites Chazy, t. and p. v., Clinton co., A'] Y. : on (.'liazy r., 14(> m. N. Ali)any. The village is situate aliout ii m. W. of Lake Chnmijlain, on which is also a village called Chazy Landing. Top. 4,:3-2-l. CiiKAP Valley, p. o., Henry co., Ten?!. : HO ni. W. by N. Kasliville. C'uFAT BniDGK, p. o., Preslou CO., Yirg.: on Cheat r., 1S2 in. N. \V. Kiehmond. CuF.AT river, Virg. : a large tributary of Monongahela r., from Ihe mountain region of Kandolph eo. CiiKitoYGAN county, Mich. 8ituate N. of Lower Penin- sula, and contains 324 sq. m. Krccted since ISDO. CuEUOYQAN river, Mich.: the largest stream in the N. part of the peninsula. It rises N. W. of Haginaw B.-iy, flows in a N. direction, and emplies into the slraits of Mackinac, opposite liois Blanc Island. Tlierc are uumer- rous salt 8i)rings 12 or 15 m. from ils moulh. CnECKEUiU) UousK, p. 0., Oswego co., N. Y. (now Kasoau). ('iiF.cKsviLLK, p. v., Marion co., Tcnn. : on the W. side of Sequatehy r,, 94 m. 9. K. Nashville. CuECKTOWAGA, p. V., Kric cjo., K. Y. : 24G m. W. All>any. Chkesecjuakes, p. 0., Middlesex co., N. Jcr. : 34 m. N. K. Trenton. Cnr-uALKsr, p. o., Yam Tlill co., Oreg. Tor,: on a r. of tlie same name, 2S m. N. by W. Salem. C'liEUALi'iM river, Oreg. : a large r. from the E., formed by the union of the Skukumchuck and Nowaukum rivers, and falling into Gray*8 Harbor. CiiELMaroiip, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mu-f.^.: on the S. side of Merrimac r., %l m. N. W. Boston. The town nbounds in granitv^ and limestone, and has several manu- factures, among which are tliose of glass and iron. The Middlesex Canal passes through the town, and it has sev- eral railroads on its borders, connecting it with the towns on nil sides. Lowell was taken from Chelmsford in l:^24. Pop. 2,00S. CiB-LSEA, p. v., Mill CO., 171. : 143 m. N. E. Springfield. CnF.i^EA, p. v., "Washtt-naw co., M/c/i.: 02 m. S. E. Lansing. Cheij^ea, t and p. v., Suffolk oo., ^fasn. : .1 m. N. K. Boston. The Easlern li. II. passes through tlie town. It may be considen-d as a part of Ihe Boston metropolitan district. It has considerable manufactures, and is on the whole a busy place. Chelsea has two newspajiers, th(! '•Telegrapli" (whig), and the "Pioneer" — both published weekly. I'op. 0,701— in lH40 it had only a pop. of 2.31)0. Cnri„SEA, t.. p.v., and cap. Orange eo., Veri/>. : on a branch of ^Vh^te r.. 22 m. S. by ]■:. Montpelier. The village enn- tiin« the county buildinga and about 80 dwellings. Pop. 1.%?. CnE.Mi'sc counly, A\ K Situate P. W. middle, and eon- tains 52S sq. m. Drained chiefly by Chemung r. and it:; tributary streams. Surface broken, hilly, and well limbered, wilh large river flats. Soils verj-produclive. Farms 2,170; manul". 321 ; dwell. 5,095, and pup.— wh. 28,537, fr. col. 2*4 — btlal 2S,82I. Oipitid: Elmira. Puhlic M'nrk:-i: Che- mung Canal; New York and Erio 11. It.; Elmu-a and Williamsjiort li. 11., etc. CnitMi.Na, p. v., M'Htsiry co., ///. ; on the M. side of Piskashaw cr., ISG m. N. N. E. Springfleld. CuEJiuNG. t. and p. v., Chemung co., N. Y.: on the N. side of Ihe Chenumg r., 143 m. "W. S. W. Albany. The New York and I'rie U. li. inlerseets the village 270 m. from New York and lliy from Dunkirk. l*up. 2,(>72. CuFJdU.NO river, X. )'. ; formed by the junction of Cos- choetou and Tioga rivers, in Steuben county, whence it flows in a 8. I!, direction through Chemung county and into tlie State of Pennsylvania, where it emplies into the Susle length Ja about 40 m., and in high flood its volume is sufllfient to float down timber and produce to nuirkel. It is also used !Ls the main feeder of th<' Chemung Canal. Chenango county, A^ }"; Situato W. centrally, and con- tains 7l'2 sq. m. Drained by Chi-nango and I'liadilla rivers and their tributary streams. Surface broken and liilly, but there are extensive and rich valleys, productive of all kinds of grain. Farms 4,-IOfi; manuf. 501 ; dwell. 7,572, and pop.— \vh. 40,051, fr. Ci«1.2S0— lolal 40,311. Cajj- ftiil: Norwich. J'ltf'fic H'w/.-« ; C'henango Canal, and rUea and l>inghami)tiiu U. li. (projecled). Cmenasgo, t. and p. o., Lawn-nce co., Ptvu.: on the N. E. side of Beaver r., Iil3 m. W. by N. IIarri»l)urg. Pop. 1,022. CniasANOo FoKKS, p. v., Broome co., iV. Y.: at the junction of the Clu-nango and Tioughninga rivirs, and on the line of Hie Chenang'. .* 114 m. "VV. by S. Albany. CuENunA. p. v., Lee co., Ga. : 117 m. 9. W. Miltedgeville. CiiEonKK (Keowee), p. v., Pieken's dist., *S'. Ctir.: on a r. 80 eallid, 127 m. N. AY. C this point, and a greattrade in cotton centres here. Tlie " C. Gazette" (dcm.) ia issued weekly. Po]). 1.350. CiiEitoKEE county, Ala. Situate N. E., near Stale line, and contains 750 sq. m. Drained by Coosa r. and its tribu- taries. Surface generally uneven and rougii— in ihe W. hilly or mountainous. Cold is found at the base of the mountains. The soils are difllcult of culture, and in flov- eral parts sterile. Corn and cotton arc the staph- growths. Farms 1.12G; manuf. 15: dwell. 2,089, and pop.— wh. 12,170, Tr. col. 23, si. l.GOl— total 13,S^. Capital: Jefl-.-rson. CuEnoKEE county. Ca. Situate K. W. centrally, and contains 52S aq. m. Drained by Etowah r. and its creeks. no CHE CHE Surface elevalcd, hilly, and broken. Soils iiwlifferi-nt, except on the rivers, where t!H-*y are very prnduelive. Wheat and Indian corn arc largely grown— euHon in small quantities. Farms l,OiiO; manuI'.S; dwell. 1,970, and pup.— wh. 11,G29, fr. col. 14, si. 1,157— total 12,SU0. Capit^al : Canton. Cderokee county, la. Situate W., and contains 576 sq. m. Ta-ken from I'ottowattomee in ISol. Cherokee county, jV. Car. Situate S. "W. comer, and contains 1.200 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Iliwas- see and Tennessee rivera. Surface elevated and hilly— on the N.W. and E. mountainous. Iron, gold, lead, and silver, also marblea of various hues and textures are found here. Soils excellent — on the hills producing fine grasses, and near tlie streams the several grains. Farms 459; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 1,020, and pop.— \vh. (j,493, fr. col. 8, si. 337— total 6,S3S. Capital : Murphey. CnEEOKEE county, Ttw. Situate E. eenlrally between Keches and Angelina rivers, and contains about 740 sq, m. Drained by numerous tributaries of llie border streams. Surface elevated, with a water.*.hcd running transversely N.W. and S. E. through the K. part of the county. Prairie predominates, but timber lines all the rivers. Farms 454; manuf. 8 ; dwell. 891, and pop.— wh. 5)3S9, fr. col. 1, si. 1,2S3— total 6,673. Capital : Eusk. CnKitOKEE Natios, Ind. Ter. Situate between lat. 36^^ 10' and 370 02' N., and extending from the Arkansas boundary to long. 100° W., or about five degrees, and containing about 16,000 sq. m. It is a fine agricultural country, pro- ducing in abundance all the necessaries of subsistence, and is well watered by the Arkansas Eiver and its numerous and wide-spreading arms. The Cherokees number about 2S,000 souls, and are, perhaps, more advanced in civilization than any others of the immigrant tribes. They have large cultivated settlements, comfortable houses, numerous herds of cattle and sheep, and many fine horses, for which their extensive prairies afford an ample subsistance. They also manufacture salt from brine springs which exist extensively in their country, and to a considerable extent manufacture their own clothing and such agricultural implements, etc., as their necessities demand. They bavo of late years exported much of their surplus products, bringing it down the rivers to New Orleans. The government of the Chero- kees is based on a written constitution, and is republican in form. They have an elective chief or governor, a general council, elected annually, and consisting of an upper and lower house, similar to the Senate and House of Kepresent- atives of the United States, and a judiciary, observing all the legal forms prescribed by the legislature. In fact, all tlie operations of the government are similar to those of other enlightened communities. They have adopted the English language to a great extent, and in their dress follow Ihe fashions of Paris and New Tork. The United States supplies them with blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and wagon- makers, to teach them those useful mechanic trades; and they also receive a large annuity from the General Govern- ment on account of their lands east of the Mississippi Eiver. Numerous missionaries are settled among them, and have been very successful in their endeavors to civilize and Christianize them ; and their schools and churches are such as any enlightened nation might be proud of— more effi- cient, indeed, than several of the Slates of our Union can boast of; and their public press is not inferior to that of Arkansas either in talent or respectability. CuEROKEE Heiguts, p. 0., Abbcvillc dist., S. Car. : 97 m. W. Columbia. Cherokee Iron Woeks, p. o., York dist., S. Car.: 82 m. N. Columbia. CnERHT, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., Ptun. : 91 m. N.N. E. Harrisburg. Cheery Creek,!, ami p. v., Chautauquo co., 2^. T.: on Conewango cr., 268 m. W. by S. Albany. Cherry Creek, p. o., Pontotec CO., J/wJ. : 146 m. N. N. E. Jackson. 120 CuERUY Flat, p. o., Itutherford co., Tenn. : 39 m. S. E. Nashville. Cherry Flats, p. o., Tioga co., Pcnn. : 197 m. N. by VT, llarrisburg. Chekky Grove, p. o., Schuyler co.. Mo. : on tho S. side of Middle Fabius cr., 136 m. N. Jefferson CKy. Cherbv Grove, p. o., Carroll co., ///. ; on the Galena and Dixon turnpiko, 162 ra. N. by W. Springfield. Cherry Hill, p. o., Brooke co., Virg. : 253 m. N. W. Eiehniond. Chekky Hill, p. v., Cecil co., MO. : on the W. side of North-East r., 4 m. N. o^' Klkton, and 57 N. E. Annapolis. It has a Methodist church, a school-house, 2 or 3 stores, 22 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. The neighborhood is thickly settled, and within a circuit of 2 miles there arc 5 paper mills, 4 grist mills, a rolling mill, and 2 cotton facto rifs, one of which employs 100 hands. Chekrt Hill, p. o., Washington co., Wise. Cherry Hill, p. o., Chickasaw co., Miss.: 123 m. N. E. Jackson. Cherry Hill, p. o., Erie co., Pervn. : 208 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Cherry Laice, p. o., Madison co., Flor. : 54 m. E. by N. Tallahassee. Cherry Mills, p. o., Sullivan co.y Ptmii.: 92 m. N.N. E. Harrisburg. Cherry Eidge, p. o., Wayne co., Perm. : 123 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Cheery Eidge, p. o., Union par., La.: 194 in. N. W. by N. Baton Eougo. Cheery Stone (formerly Hl'stixgton), p. v., Northamp- ton CO., Virff. Cheery Tree, t. and p. o., "Venango CO., Penn, : 187 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Cherry Valley, t. and p. v., Otsego co., 2r. T. : on Cherry Valley cr. of Susquelianna r., S3 m. W. Albany. There is published in the v. the "C. V. Gazette," a weekly newspaper. The Great Western Turnpike passes through the t., 54 m. from Albany, Pop. 4,206. Cherry Valley, p. o., Boone co., HI. : on the W. side of Beaver cr. of Kishwaukee r., 163 m. N. by E. Spring- field. The Galena and Chicago Union E. E. intersects the V. 85 m. from Chicago. Cherry Valley, p. o., Wilson co., Ttmii. : 41 in. E. Nashville. Cherry Valley, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., 07Uo : on Pymatuning cr. 197 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. S39. Cherryville, p. v., Northampton co., Penn. : 91 m, E. N. E. llarrisburg. Cherrytille, p. v., Haywood co., Te)m. : on tho S. branch of Forked Deer cr. of the Mississippi, 132 m. AV. by S. Nasliville. Cherryville, p. v., Hunterdon CO., 2T. Jer. : 39 m. N. by W. Trenton. Chesapeake, p. v,, Lawrence co., Mo. : 137 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Chesapeake City, p. v., Cecil co., Md.: at tho conflu- ence of Broad cr. and Back cr. of Elk r., 51 m. N. E. Annap- olis. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canai has its W. terminus at this point. Chesapeake bay, Md. and Yirg.: is the largest arm of the sea within the limits of the Union. Its entrance is between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, in Virginia, 12 m. apart, and it extends inland 270 ra., dividing ^(aryland into two unequal parts (and Ihe lower part of tlie peninsula from tho main body of Virginia). It is from 7 to 2it m. broad, and generally as much iis 9 fathoms deep. This great bay affords many eonnnodious harbors, and a safe and easy navigation. Numerous fine rivers emi>ty into it — the Sus- quehanna, at its northrTH termination, and the Potomac and James on its W. side; and besides these, it receives the waters of the Eappahannock, tlit* Patuxent, Ihe Patapsco, tho Chester, tlio Elk, the Choptank, tho Nanticoke, aud CHE CUE numerous othors. Tiie area draim-d by ilicsc, its Irilmln- ries. has been csllmalod at 7'2,000 sq. m. Baltimore is the chief eommereial eity within its eireiiit. but there are many others of minor iTnportance which depend upon its waters for an outlet to Iho ocean. The fisheries of the Chesapeake are of immense vahic to the inhabitants of its shores, CuKsHEK's Stoke, p. c, Anderson co., Ktj. : IS m. S, "W. Frankfort. CnEsmitE county, 3^ Ramp. Situate S. "W. comer, and contains 4IjO sq. m. Drained centrally and W. by Ashnelot and other creeks of Connecticut r., which forms its W. bor- der, and by Contoocook r. in the E. sections. Surface beautifully varied with hills and vales. Graml Monadnock, 8,71S fwt high, lies in S. W. Farms 2,805: manuf. 877; dwell. r.,.S02, and pop.— wh, ;?0,117, fr. col. 27— lolal 30,144. Co2ntj/». .■ on Quin- nipiak r., 22 m. S. by W. Hartford. The v. is the seat of an Episcopal academy, and is intersected by the Xe\v Haven and Norlhampton It. K., 16 m. from New Haven. Pop. l.f;27. CuKsniEE, t. and p. v.*, Berkshire co,, Mass. : on Hoosie r., 110 m. W. by N. Bo.'^ton. Leather, boots, shoes, and glass are its chief rnannfaeturcs, and it is noted for its tine cheese. The Pittsfield and Korth Adams It. K. passes through it Pop. 1,2'J7, CnESuiRE, p. v., Ontario co., A^ T. : on a cr. of Cnnau- daigua Lake, 174 m. W. All>any. CuEsniRE, t. and p. v., Gallia eo., OMo: on the N. W. side of tlie Ohio r., luO m. S. S. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,410. CuESNDT Blufb"S, p. 0., Dycr co., Term. : on the E. s[??«.,• 9 m. W. Philadelphia, and S5 m. E. Harrisburg. It is a highly healthy situation, and is resorted to by the I'hiladclphians in the anmmer season for recreation. Chesnut Level, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 47 m. S. E. Harrisburg. Chesnut Kidge, p. o., Duchess co., A^. Y. : 6S m. S. by E. Albany. Cheknut ItiDGE, p. <)., Lincoln co., Ttnri.: 71 m, S. Nashville. Chesnut Ridge, p. o.. Union co., Pejin. : 43 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Chess Spri>-g3, p. o., Cambria co., Penn.: 109 ra. W. Harrisburg. Chest, t. and \\ o., Clearfield co.. Penn.: on the W brancli of the Susquehanna r., lf)8 ni, N. W. Harrisburg, CiiMsTEE county, Penn. Situate S. E., and contains 793 sq, HI. Drained by Erandywine, Elk, Chester, and other creeks. Surface to the E. level or rolling— to the W. hilly and even mountainous. Soils generally fertile, producing large crops of grain. Farms 4,8-35; manuf. l.usC. ; dwell. 11,5S(), and pop.— wh. 01,209, fr. col. 5,229— total 0(1.43^ Cfyjifa^.* West Chester. Ptihlic Works: Philadelphia and Columbia R. R.; West Chester Branch E. H. ; and a pro- posed R. R. from West Chester direct to Baltimore. Chester district, S. Car. Situate N., between Broad r. and the Wateree, and contains 4S0 sq. m. Drained by the tribuUiries of those rivers. Surface pleasantly diversified by hill and dale, and the soils of middling quality. The staples are Indian corn and cotton. Farms S44; mainif. 50: dwell. 1,541, and pop.— wh. 8,005, fr. col. 146, si. 9,SS7— total 1S,03S. Capital: Chester. Chester, t and p. v., Middlesex co., Conn.: on the E. side of Connecticut r., 27 ni. S, by E. Hartf'ml. The t. is drained by Deep and other creeks, and has a small lake in its N. part, whieli gives it consiilerable hydraulic power. The V. is a neat and flourishing place, with some manufactures. Pop. 992. Chester, t. and p. c, Dodge co., Wise. : 72 m. N. E. Madison. Pop. S29, Chester, p. v., Gwinnett CO., Ga.: 73 m. N.W. ^Milledge- rille. Chester, p. v., Wayne co., I/id.: 60 m. E. by N. Indian- apolis. Chester, p. v., and cap. Randolph co,, III. : on the Mis- sissippi r., immc4. Chrsteh, p, v.. Grange co., A1 i' .• on the line of the New York and Erie R. R., 89 m. S. by W. Albany. The New- burg Branch R. E. diverges in this 1, from the trunk line. Chester Village has long been known as a great live-stock market. Pop. 1,642. Cuester, t. and p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: 106 m. S, E- Columbus. The v. is situate on Shade r., a tributary uf the Ohio. Pop. of V. 190, and of t 1,600. Chester, p. v., and cap. Delaware co., Pemt.: on the W. side of Delaware r., 84 ra. E. by S, Harrisburg, U is Ihe oldest V, in the State, having been founG sq. m. Swift cr. and other streams drain the interior. Surface somewhat broken, but soils of average fertility, pro- ducing wheat, Indian com, oats, and tobacco. There are valuable coal mines in the county. Farms 5G4 ; manu f. 30 ; dwell. 1,757, and pop.— wh. 8.-105, fr. col. 468, si. 8,616— total 17,489. Capital: Chesterfield C. II. ruUio Works: Petersburg R. R. ; Clover Hill R. R., etc. CnESTERFiKLD, p. V., Kcw Loudon CO., Conn. : on the E. Aide of a cr. of Niantic r., 33 m. S. by E. Hartford. Chesterfield, p. v., Madison co., Imf. : on the S. side of the W. fork of While r., 39 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Chesterfield, p. v.. Macoupin co., IIJ. : on the N. side of Macoupin cr., and between it and Eock cr., 47 m. S. S. W. Springfield. Chesterfield, p. v., Grundy co., Tenn. : 73 m. S. E. Nashville. CnESTERFiELD, t, BurlingtoH CO., JV. Jcr. : on Cross- wick's and Black creeks of Delaware r.,whieh bounds it on the "W. Pop. 4,514. Chestebfield, p. v., Madison par., Za. ; 149 m. N. Baton Eougc. Chesterfield, t and p. v., Hampshire co., Sfaas. : on a branch of Westfleld r., 91 m. W. Boston. Pop. 1,014. Chesterfield, t, and p. v., Cheshire co., N. Hamp. ; on the E. side of Connecticut r., opposite Brattleboro', 49 m. S. "W. Concord. Spafford Lake, in the centre of the t., covers 526 acres, and empties into the Connecticut. The v. baa a flourishing academj-, founded in 1794. Pop. 1,6S0. Chesterfield, t. and p. v., Fullrin co., Ohio: on the E. side of Tiffin r., and on the N. State line, 104 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. Pop. 53S. Chesterfield C. H.. p. v., and cap. Chesterfield co., Yirg. : on the N. fork of Swift cr., 13 m. S. "W. Richmond. Chesterfield C. II., p. v., and cap. Chesterfield dist., S. Car, : on the 8. W. side of Thompson's cr. of the Great Pedee r., 97 m. N. N. E. Columbia. Chesterfield Factory, p. o., Cheshire co., M. Jlamip. : 51 m. S. W. Concord. CrresTER Hill, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: 62 m. E. S. E. Columbus. CuESTER Bprings. p. V., Chcstcf CO., 7V"«. .- 63 m. E. by B. Harrisbnrg. A watering place frequently resorted to by eummer visitors. CuESTERTOWN', p. V., port, and cap. Kent co., Md. : on a fine and open plain on the N. W. side of Chester r.. 30 m. above its confluence with Chesapeake Bay, 31 in. N. E. 122 Annapolis. The v. contains the C. H., the county prison, 1 Episcopal and 3 Melhodist churches, a bank, and market- house. It is the seal of Washington College, a branch of the University of Maryland, and it has also an academy, a ladies' boarding-school, and 2 primary schools. The *' Kent News" is issued weekly. The government of the v. is vested in 7 police commissioners, eliHJted annually. Sev- eral steamboats and sloops ply regularly to and from Balti- more, and many of the inhabitants are employed in the bay fisheries. It was formerly a port of entry. Houses 200, and pop. 1,295. Chestertown, p. v., "Warren co., Al T. : between Hudson r. and Schroon r., CO m. N. Albany. Schroon Lake lies on the N. E. border of Chester t., and there are several small lakes within it, abounding in trout. Pop. oft. 1,S5U. CuESTEfR Village, p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : on the line of the Western R. R., 119 m. from Boston, and SI from Albany. It has some manufactures. Cuesterville, t. and p. o., Franklhi co., Jfe. : on "Wil- son's cr. of Sandy r. of the Kennebec, 17 m. N. W. Augusta. Pop. 1,142. Chesterville, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 63 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Chesteevllle, p. v., Morrow co., Ohio: ^ m. N. E. Columbus. Cuesterville, p. v., Kent co., Md. : in the N. part of the CO., 53 m. N. E. Annapolis. Chesuncook lake, Me. : a large sheet of water in Piscat- aquis CO., and through which the Penobscot r. passes. It receives the Kahkoguamook and Umbazookskus rivers. This lake is about 25 m. long and 3 m. wide, and ils central point is about 130m.W\ N.W. Augusta. The country neigh- boring on the lake is very fertile and highly picturesque. Chetlmaches lake, La. : lies between Atehafalaya and Tech§ rivers, and receives its waters from the former at high water, discharging them at all seasons into it again, 15 m. above its entrance to ihe Gulf. It is 40 ra. long, and from 1 to 6 wide, shallow, and surrounded by a low, marshy country, which is annually overflowed. Cheviot, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : 123 m. S. Vf. Columbus. Chew's liANDiNG, p. v., Camden co., N, Jev. : on the N. side of Big Timber cr., 32 m. S. S. E. Trenton. The v. has considerable trade in wood and lumber. CiTEwsviLi.E, p. v., Washington co., Md. : 79 m. N. W. by W. Annapolis. Chicago, post city, port of entry, and cap. Cook co., JU.: at the moulh of Chicago r., on Lake Michig.an. 1S3 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Lat. 4-2° 52' 20" N., and long. 87° 35' W. The main body of the r. sets back about 2 m. into the city, then divides into two branches, both of whieh have a pretty uniform depth of 13 to 15 feet, all making a commodious and almost unlimiled harbor for an immense amount of shipping which continually comes to, and goes from, this point. The city borders on a wide, rieh, and beautiftU prairie, extending in dilferent directions for many miles, and which is handsomely diver- sified by groves and strips of limber springing up at intervals along the banks on the lake shore, furnishing a diversified picture, which is greatly enhaneed by gardens and villas, which, mixing wilh the scene, make it one of enchanting loveliness. Tliough the site is very low anil level, scarcely five feet above the lake, there are no marshes or wet lands about the place, and Ihe lake winds, by constantly agitating the waters, much like the tidal jferturbations of sea-board rivers, have a good eflect in ])romoting cleanliness and health to so large a city. Chicago is one of the most substantial cities of the Great West. It extends along the lake shore for about a mile, and inland beyond the bifurcations of the river. The bar at the entrance has been nuich reduced, and piers have been extended into the lake toprcvcntaccinnulationsof sand and drIfL The depth is now sufficient, indeed, for the adraissloa CHI cm of the largest lake craft and steamers. MDwaukie is the only city of the West that has progressed at a more rapid rate ivithia the past ten years. In lS:iO Chicago was a mere trading post, and in 1&40 it had only 4,470 inhabilanl.s. In ISoO its population amotmted to 29.9i)3, being an in- crease of 25,493 within the decade, or at the rate of 570.31 per centum. Tlie increase of Milwaukie, within the same period, was at the rate of 1,071. 7S per centum ; of ;>L Louis, of 372.76; and of Cincinnati, of 149.11 per centum. Such facts are sufficient to show its present importance and its future prospects, which are attributable no less to the energy of the citizens of the place in prosecuting great pid>Iic works, than to its position in relation to the route of travel, east and west. Fronting on the lake, it has direct shipping connection with all the porta of tlie States of the Union, north and west, and with Canada : and by means of the extensive lines of internal improvement, its commerce reaches from the Atlantic sea-board to the banks of the Mississippi. On all these great lines of travel and trade its commerce is brisk and ever increasing. The internal improvements dlrccUy connecting Chicago with the great marts of commerce are, the Illinois and Michigan Can.il, 100 miles long, which extends from the lake to the Illinois River at La Salle, and opens to the port the wide river country of the South and West, forming an outlet for the rich products of Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, and Ihinois, by the lakes ; two lines of railroad round the bend of Lake Michigan, thence continuous to the sea-boar«l at Boston and New York, and also connecting with the Indiana and Oliio railroads ; lines to the Mississippi River at Galena, Rock Island, and t^uincy, Alton, and Cairo ; aline along the shore to Milwaukie : and lines extending to -Janes- ville, Madison, Fond du Lae, etc. Chicago also reaches to the back country by means of numerous i)lanU roads, which accommodate the producers of the neighborhood. Most of the lines of railroad have suJfieiently progressed to insure theu early completion ; and to judge by the working of those portions now opened for traffic, the success of each enterprise will far exceed the anticipations of the most enthusiastic of their projectors. Chicago has felt their advantages ; the internal trade of the State has quintupled itself within a few years, and capital and population have sought a market so replete with facilities of trade and com- merce as those centering at Chicago. In 1S39, the tot^d value of property in Chicago was assessed at $236,842 ; in 1S50 it was assessed at $8,562,717, of which .$0,804,202 was real estate ! At the latter period the commerce of the port was conducted through the agency of eight bankers and dealers in exchange, 109 wholesale, forwarding, commis- Bion. and produce houses, and 54 lumber dealers. During the year 1S51, the arrivals at Chicago were as follows: steamers, 662 ; propellers, 183 ; schooners, 1,182 ; brigs, 230 ; barges, 13. Total, 2,279 vessels, the aggregate burden of which was 958,600 tons. The following tables will exhibit the quantity of some of the leading exports and imports, by lake canal and railroad for the same year. EXPORTS. Lnke. Canal. Barlej-....btt. S,.'>3T 11,460 Beef. bbls. 49..306 185 Beef. tes. 2.'-29 — Butter..... lbs. 10.424 75,117 Buff, robes " 7,215 — Cattle No. 418 — Cheese.... lbs. 2.215 178,73" Coal " — 1,182,803 Com bu. 8,221,317 — Furs, etc.. pks. S.WS — Flour.... bbK 71.723 688 nams " 1,934 — Hams.. casks 088 — Ham9...hhds. 113 — 9'j9.749 Total. 19.097 49.+11 2.829 S.'),«l 7,216 448 181,052 ,091. .552 ,221.817 6.045 72,406 1,9:J4 O^s 112 Lake. Can.il. Railtoad. lu[al. Hams lb.s. 1,3.t4 700 — 2.0,54 Hams No. 3,090 — — 3,690 Hemp lbs. 694,783 — — 094,783 Iron " 132,480 1,03,"),579 2,286,010 3,454.0011 Lard " 259.047 — — 259,647 Lard bbls. 9.037 — — 9,ll.'';7 L.ath pes. — 12,786,285 2,1.30,135 14,921,420 Lead lbs. 1,376,872 1,007 — l,37G,>i79 Lumber.. .feet — 54,180,745 13,770,452 67,957,287 Oati bu. 707.O89 108 — 707.197 Tot ashes.." — 114,300 8.000 122,300 Tork bbls. 19.1-3 27 — 19,215 Pork tcs. 4-9 — — 489 Sh'lders .bbls. 1,020 — — 1.020 Sh'lders.hhds. 300 — — 300 Sh"Iders...No. 9,797 — — 9.797 Sugar lbs. — 844,812 — 344,312 Sugar... hhds. 20 — — 20 Sugar. ...bbls. 019 — — 019 TindM'r..C. ft. — 7,812 — 7,812 Wheat.... bu. 4.36,803 B53 — 437,660 Wool lbs. 1,086,944 1,609 — 1,088,588 IMPORTS. Lake. Canal. RailroaJ. Total, Bacon lbs. — 484.716 — 434.710 Barley ....bu. 12..381 202 23,.51S 36,111 Beef bbls. — 1..571 — l.,571 Buir.robes.lbs. — 512.196 — 612.196 Corn bu. — 2,852,302 29,5,008 2,647.405 Flour.... bbls. 6,080 5,819 89,203 51.052 Hams lbs. — 1,080,933 — 1,086,9.33 Hemp lbs. — 1,03.5,043 — 1,0.3.5,M.S Hides " — 487,806 861,070 848.876 Lath ...pieces 27,5-3,475 — — 27.583,475 Lard lbs. — 2.009.625 — 2,069.625 Lead " — l,402.1.'i5 — 1.402.135 Lumber ..feet 125,050,437 466,6.85 — 125,.523,123 Oats bu. — 1S1.293 152,855 834,14,8 Pork bbls. — S.241 — S,241 Pork lbs. — — 2,890.248 2,.390.218 Shingles ..liu. 60,838,250 — — 60.S,3-.2S0 Sug.ir lbs. — 3,765,836 — 3,765.836 Sugar... hhds. 2,,')63 — — 2,603 Sugar. bis, bxs 2,884 — — 2,8S4 Timber, C. feet 410,679 152.297 — 602.970 Tobacco... lbs. — 324.923 — 324.928 Wheat bu. 26,0.54 67.972 274.021 888,077 Wood.. .cords 5,924 10,676 454 17,0.>f Wool lbs. — 620,026 211,930 731,956 The above only represents a portion of tlic domestic com- merce of Chicago, and even does not estimate tliat carried on by teams, wliieh is commensurably large. The value of arliclcs imported from Canada during the year, was $.5,811, and of exports from Cliicago to Canada, $116,185. The arrivals from Canada were 7, and the clearances for the same destination, 1.3. The value of the whole domestic commerce for a series of vcars, has been as follows : Years. Imperii. F!xpnrt9. 1836 $32.'),208 90 $1,000 04 1837 873,077 12 11.065 00 1838 679,174 61 16,044 75 18-39 680,980 26 83,843 00 1840 662.106 20 228.635 74 1841 5W.347 S3 84S"-62 24 1842 6J14,347 88 659,305 20 184:3 971.849 73 6-2.210 85 1844 1.0-6.410 00 7w,5l'4 23 1845 2,II4;!,445 7:! 1,543,519 85 1840 2.0-.>7,1.5ii 00 1,81.8,408 00 ]g4; 2.MI.-.'i2 .V2 2.290.299 00 1848 8,3:JS,039 SO 10.709,333 40 123 cm CHI Chica<;o has five daily newspapers: lUe *' C. Tribiine'' (indep't.), the " C. Democrat" (dem.), the " C. Journal" (whig), the •'Commercial AdverlLser" (whiff), and the "Ar- gus," all of which also issue weekly editions; so: weekly newspapers, the " New Covenant," and the " Western Citl- zcQ" OJolh Uuiversalist), the " Gem of the Prairie" (lib.), the " Trairie Herald" (Presbyterian), the " Watchman of the Prairie" (Uaptist), and the *' Commercial Keporter;" one tri-weekly, the "Illinois State Gazette;" one semi-monthly, the "North-western MedicalJournal ;" and three monthly periodicals, the"Kdectic Review" (edueat.), the "Prairie Farmer" (agric.), and the "North-western, Journal of llo- moepathy." Latrobe, an intelligent traycler, who \isited Chicago in 1S83, thus describes it : " This little mushroom town is situ- ated on the verge of a level tract of country, for the greater part consisting of open prairie lands, at a point where a email river, whose sources interlock — in the wet season — with those of the Illinois Eiver, enters Lake Michigan. It, however, forms no harbor; and vessels must anchor in the open lake, which spreads to the horizon, on the north and east, in a sheet of uniform extent." The contrast between Chicago of 1S3;? anti Chicago of the present day, is truly startling ; and the writer of twenty years ago, had he been told that his " mushroom town" was so soon to become the focus of a commerce equal to that enjoyed by many of the States of Europe, would he have credited so unprece. s,291. CnicoPEE Falls, p. v., Hampden co. Mass. : at the falls of the Chicopee r., 2 m. from its mouth, SO m. W. by S. Boston. It has numerous factories. A branch of the Con- necticut River R. E. extends from Cahotsvillc to the Falls. Chtcopee river, Mass. : a tributary of the Connecticut r., into which it falls in the N. part of the town of Chicopee. In its course it receives the waters of Quaboag Pond and of "Ware and Swift rivers, Cnif.oT county, Arl: Situate S. E. on Mississippi r.. and contains SCO sq. m. Drained by Bayou Macon, Paver dc 124 Ba?uf, and Bayou Bartholomew. Surface low and level — subject to inundation. Soils various—some very fertile, and some inferior. Cotton is the great staple- Farms 142 ; dwell. 226, and pop.— wh. 1,122, fir. col. 9, aL 3,9S4r-total 15,115. Capital: Columbia. Chief Warkiok, p. v., Erie co., JV! K; 357 m. "W. Albany. Chikalah, p. v., Tell co., ^r^'. .'on a branch of Petite Jean cr., 65 m. W. N. W. Little Kock. CniLDsviLLE, p. v., Yancey co., 2^. Car.: 210 m. W. Ealeigh. CniLiiowEE, p. v., Blount co., Tenn. : on the N. side of Little Tenuessee r., 156 m. E. by S. N:iahville. Cniu, p. v., Miami co., Ind. : on the N. aide of Eel r., 74 m. N. Indianapolis. The Goshen and Peru K. R. crosses the r. at this point. Cuili, p. T., Hancock co., lU. : 86 m. "W. N. "W. Spring- field. CuiLT, t. and p. v., Monroe co., 2^. F. : on the W. side of Black cr. of Genesee r., 206 m. W. by N. Albany. The Buffalo and Eochcster E. E. passes through the village 60 m. from Buffalo and 262 m. from Albany. Pop. 2.247. CuiLT, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio: 67 m. N. E. by R Columbus. CniLLTcoTHE, p. T., Wapello co., la. : on the S. side of Des Moines r,, 63 m. S. W. Iowa City. CinLLicoTHE, p. v., Peoria co., lU. : at the upper end of Prairie Lake, on its W. side, SO ra. N. Springfield. It is a village of importance, and has considerable trade. CuiLLTCOTHE, p. v., and cap. Livingston co., Jfo. : on a fine prairie, 3 m. N. of Grand r., US m. N. "\V. Jefferson City, Cm:LL!COTiiE, p. city, and cap. Eoss co., Ohio : on the "W. side of the Scioto r., 37 m. S. Columbus. In plan, this city somewhat resembles Phil.adelphia, being bounded N. by Scioto r. and S. by Paint cr., here about three-fourths of a mile apart. The principal streets follow the course of the Scioto, and these are crossed rectilineally by others extend- ing from river to creek — the two main streets crossing each other in the middle of the city, and being each 99 feet wide. "Water Street, which faces on the river, is S2] feet wide, and the others 66 feet. The streets are lighted with gas. The city has numerous fine and substantial buildings, among which are the Court House, the markets, banking houses, hotels, and numerous churches and school-houses. The city occupies tJie site of an ancient mound, but this has been leveled to make way for improvements. On the "W. side of the city is a hill rising abruptly to the height of 300 feet, from which there is an extensive and beautifu! view of the city and vicinity. Through the city the Ohio Canal passes, and before long it will become connected in every du-ection by railroads now in course of construction. The city has two daily papers, the "Scioto Gazette" (whig), and the '■ Ancient Metropolis" (indep.), both of which also pub- lish a weekly edition; and two weekly papers, the "C. Ad- vertiser" (dem.), and the " Ohio Correspondent" (indep.) As a place of manufactures and commerce, the city has a high rank among the inland towns, and is rapidly pro- gressing in material prosperity. Cliillicothe was formerly the State capital. Pop. in 1S40, 8.977; in 1S50, T.OO-v Chillisqdaqite, p. v., Northumberland co., Pemu CniLLiTECAux, p. v., aud cap. Dunklin co., Mo. : 192 m. S. E. Jefferson City. CniLMABK, t. and p. o., Bukes co., Mass. : in the S. "W. part of Martha's Vineyard, 62 m. S. by E. Boston. At the W. end of the town is Gay Head, a noted headland on which is a lighl-house. There are some native Indians still residing on the neck leading to the Head. The S. W. point of the town is known as Squcbnocket. Pop. 747. CniLo. p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., 100 m. S. ^V. Columbus. Chilton's Mills, p. o., Walker CO., Ala. : 128 m. N. "W, Montgomery. CHI CHO Chiltonville, p v., Plymouth co., Jfa^. CiiijiNEY Point, p. o., Addbon co., Vmn.: on T.ako Champlain, nearly oppoaUo Crown I'oint, 62 ra. ^'. by S. Monlpt'licr. Chimney Kock, p. o., Eutherford co., iV' CV. side of M'Gee'a cr. of Bogue Chitto, 60 m. S. Jackson. CmsA Grove, p. o., Powau co., jy. Cm: : lOS m. W. by S. Ealeigh. China Grove, p. o., "Williamsburg dist., S. Car.: on Cedar cr. of Black r., 93 m. E. S. E. Columbia. China Grove, p. o., Gonzales co., Tc\t\ : GO m. S. Austin City. China Hili., p. o., Gadsden co., Fk»\: on Little r. of Ocklockony r,, 20 m. N. W. Tallahassee. Chincipin Geovb, p. 0., Gwinnett co., Gd. : Oi ni. N. "W. Milled ge^ille. Chi>-cai'kin, p. v., Duplin co., K Car. : 69 m. S. E. Ealeigh, Chincotbaque, p. 0., Accomac co., Virg. : 1'22 m. E. N. E. Ptichmond. CuiNSiBEO, p. c, Talladega co., Ala. : about 4 ra. E. of Talladega, and 72 m. N. by E. Montgomery. CiiiPMAN's Point, p. o., Addison co., I'frw..* on Lake Champlain, opposite Crown Point, 45 m. V,'. S. ^X. Monl- pelicr. Chippewa county, Jfich. Situate on the N. peninsula, occupying the E. extremity, and contains 2,370 sq. m. Drained by several streams flowing to Lake Superior, Tah-qua-me-naw r. falling into the bay of the same name, and numerous rivers and creeks of St. Mary's r. and Lake Huron. Surface richly varied with much good farm land. Farms 17: manuf. 10: dwell. 1S7, and pop.— wh. S9m, fr. col. S— total 893. Capital: Sault de St. Marie. Chippewa county, Tf7.sc. Situate N. "W. on Mississippi r., and contains 2,740 sq. m. Drained by the Chippewa r. and other streams. In the N. are many beautiful lakes. Surface much varied, but chiefly prairie. Timber abund- ant. Farms—; manuf. 3; dwell. 04, and pop.— wh. 014, fir. col. 0— total 614. Capital: . Chippewa, I. and p. v., Beaver co., Penn.: 192 m. TV. Harrisburg. CmppEWA, t. and p. v., "Wayne co.. 0/iio: on the Chip- pewa r., 92 m. N. E. Columbus. The villacro lies on the ^^ bank of the river, about a mile from the W. border of the town. Pop. 2.0y". Chippewa, p. o., New Castle co., -Dfl. Chippewa bay, X. )'. ; on the E. side of St. Lawrence r., opposite St. LawTcnce co. It contains a number of the "Thousand Islands.'' Chippewa river, Midi,: a branch ofPlne r., which it joins near its mouth. Chippewa river, Wise. : tliis river (the 0.nBWA of the Indians) runs entirely across the State, having its rise on the borders of Michigan, near the sources i>( the Wisconsin, Montreal, etc., and running into the Mi«isissippi r. near the foot of Lake Pepin. It is about 500 yards wide at ifsnioulh. TTiere are 14 rapida on the Chippewa — the principal one, called the '■ Falls," is about 75 m. from its mouth, and hag a descent of 24 feet in the distance of half a mile. A very large amount of pine lumber is annually sent down this river. Toward the sources of the stream and its branches there are many fine lakes, some of which have received names, and the principal are known as Lac Courtorielle, Lac Chctac, Lac du Flambeau, Tomahawk Lake, Ked Cedar Lake. Hiee Lake, etc. The Red Cedar Fork is the main brancli of the Chippewa, entering it from the "W., about 30 m. above its mouth. About Go m. below Rice Lake, on this river, according to Schoolcraft, commences a eeries of rapida over horizontal layers of sandstone rock, which extend, with short intervals, down tlie river 24 m. The remainder of the distance (about 50 m.) to the junc- tion is eharaeterij^ed by deep water, Willi a strong current; and at the junction is commanding and elevated, allVirdiiig a tine view of a noble expanse of waters. Cnu'PEWAYAN mountains. (Sfc Rocky mountains.) CuiTTENANGO, p. V., Madi.son co., N'. Y. : on Cbittenango cr.. 112 m. W. by N. Albany. The Syracuse and Ulica It. R. jiasses near the village, and about a mile to the N. tlie Erie Canal, witli which a side cut connects it. It is a Douri.sliin/7s. : on the E. side of Noxubee r., 100 m. N. E. Jackson. Choctaw Coeneb, p. o., Clarke co., Ala. : Si m. "W. by S. Montgomery. Choctaw Natton, I/hL Ter, : is bounded N. by the Cana- da and Arkansas rivers, E. by the State of Arkansas. S. by Red River, and W. by tlie Umth meridian. The country in the K. is mountainous, witli large ajui f.-rtile valleys— in the W. it is nnduIatUii: --md varied. The whole is wi-ll drained bv numerous tributaries of the Arkansas and lic4 rivers, 125 r CHO cnu both of which are navigable for steamboats. The Choctaws arc extensively enga^eil iu agriculture, and have good houses and well-fenced fli-lds, nn which they raise com and cotton in abundance, and Ihey have good stocks of cattle, horses, and sheep. On the streams they have numerous saw and grist mills, and in several parts cotton gins ; spin- ning and weaving are carried on in their principal settle- ments; and all their own blacksmithing, wagon-building, etc., are done by themselves under direction of mechanics furnished them by the United Slates' Government. The Choctaws are governed by a written constitution and laws ; the nation is divided into foxu" districts, each of which elects its own chief quartennially. The General Council, consist- ing of 40 niembers, and chosen by the voters of each district, meets annually at the Council House, on the first Momlay of October. This body frames all laws, but the chiefs have a veto, which the council can only overrule by a two-thirds vole. Their legislative business is transacted according to the nsua! forms of civilized societies, and the councilors arc paid, during their sittings, $'2 from the national treasury. For judicial purposes, the nation is divided into districts, and trial by jury, and appeal to the higher courts are allowed. The military department is intrusted to a general elected by the people at large, and there are 32 captains in each district. The Coimcil House, which is a large and commodious building, is located on the W. side of Kiame- shi r., nearly equi-dLstant between the N. and S. lines of the national territory. The Chickasaws, who were their kins- men on the E. side of the Mississippi, dwell with Ihe Choctaws on the "W. side, forming the fourth district of the nation. They are governed by the same laws, and have a proportional representation in the General Council. The two nations, however, receive their annuities from the United States separately, and are distinct in some other respects. Numerous missionaries are settled among both the Choctaws and Chickasaws, and have succeeded well iu their efforts to civilize them ; so that these nations may now be considered a3 among the most iutclhgent of the Indian tribes. CnoppEEM, p. v., "Wells co., Ind. : Si m, N, E. by N. Indianapolis. CiTOPTASK river, J/r7. ; a large stream of the Eastern Shore, which rises in two main branches — one from Dela- ware, and flowing in a course generally S., empties through a large estuary into Chesapeake Bay, between Tighlman's Island on the N. and Sharp's Island on the S. It is navi- gable for sloops for nearly 40 m. from its eonflueiacc with the hay. CaowAi^ county, 271 Car. Situate on Albemarle Sound, between Chowan and Perquinons rivers, and contains 218 sq. m. Surface low and level, with swamps ; soils sandy, but moderately fertile, producing corn and cotton. Farms &t4; manuf. 23; dwell. C13, and pop.— wh. 2,0U, fr. col. 104, si. 3,6"8.— total 6,721. Ctipit/. : 163 m. 8. W. Frankfort. CnuRcii Hill, p. o., Jefferson co., Mi.t0; in 1820, 9,642; in 1830, 24,?31 ; in 1840,46,333; and in 1S50, 115,4:36. The city is located in a beautiful valley of about 12 m. in circumference, surrounded by hills. This valley Is divided almost centrally by the Ohio r. It was first settled on the 24th Dec, 17SS, by a party of men sent out under Mathias Benman and Robert Paterson, to improve a portion of the purciiase made by tlie Hon. John Cleves Symmes. This purchase embraced a tract of 311,682 acres, lying between the Great and Little Miami rivers, and extending along the Ohio r. a distance of 37 m. One square mile in each town- ship was reserved for school purposes, and section 29 in each for the sujiport of religious societies. This party landed opposite the mouth of Licking r., and laid out a village called Losantivillc, a name shortly after- ward abandoned for that of Cincinnati. In Feb., 17S9, another party, under Symmes himself, landed at North Bend, and there laid out what was intended to be a large city, to which tliey gave the name of Symmes. Soldiers were now sent out to protect the settlers at the Bend ; but Fort Washington having been estabUshed, they were re- moved to Cincinnati subsequently, and the rivalry of the two places succumbed in favor of Cincinnati as the cliief seat of business. The fort stood on what is now Arch-street, between Third and Fourth-streets, and east of Broadway. In 1790 General Harrison marched hence against the In- dians, and in the next year General St. Clair started fur the same place on his ill-fated expedition. The fort was suc- cessively commanded by Ziegler, Williamson, and Harrison, the latter of whom became subsequently President of the United States. In 1792 the first church was erected on what is now corner of Maine and Fourth-streets, and occu- pied by the First Presbyterian Church. In the rear of it arc many graves of the pioneers. In 1793, the first paper, called the "Sentinel of tlie Norlh-wtst Territory," norlli of the Ohio r., was established at Cincirniati by William Mux- well. On the lllh Jan., 1794, a line of two keel boats, with buHet-prouf covers and port-holes, and provided with can- non and small arms, was established between Cincinnati and Pittsburg, caoh making a trip onee in four weeks. During this period, the town progressed but slowly, while idleness, drinking, and gambling prevailed in the army, and was to a great extent participated in by the citizens. Tlie population at various periods is shown above. From ISOO to 1810 it progressed pretty rapidly, and considerable trade was carried on with New Orleans in keel boats, whicb returned laden with fureign goods. The passage to New Orleans then occupied about 25 days, and the return 65 days. In 1819 the city was incoriiorated, since which period its progress in population and material wealth has been uninterrui)fed and rapid in an astonishing degree, considering thediflieulties it had to ennteiid with belnrethc establishment of steam navigation on the rivers and rail- roads throughout the country. It Wuuld be invidious to compare the early career of Cincinnati with that of Chica- go, MUw.^ukie, and some others ; they were founded under quite different auspices ; the one in the midst of a country, bare of population, without a road, and scant of river facil- ities, and the others with ever}' facility of travel perfected, and a tide of immigration unceasingly pouring upnn them. Cincinnati occupies the whole of the first bank of the river, called the B*ittom, and the second, called the Hill, which is lOS feet above l">w water mark, and 60 feet above the first bank. The streets are so graded as to render the communication between the two parts easy, and many of them are adorned with fine edifices, and beautiful shade trees. It extends hack to a third range of bills, a distance on Main-street of about two miles, and in the western part perhaps more, and .along the Ohio about three miles. Ex- cepting on the margin of ihe river, the city is regularly laid out in streets and alleys, crossing each other at riglil angles. The streets running E. and W., proceeding from the river, are denominated First, tSfcom?, etc., while those running N. and S. are named after the indigenous forest trees, as Walnut, S'/famore, etc. Main-street extends from the steamboat laudnig, on the river, directly north to the north- ern bounds of the city. The streets are generally paved, and the foot-paths flagged. The city contains about 16,000 houses, 80 churches, many of them very fine edifices; 3 colleges, 4 medical schools, a law school, a female college, several female seminaries, G classical schools, a large num- ber of finely-built i^ublic schools, 4 banks, with resources amounting to $3.96s,371 ; and 17 insurance companies, etc. ; several public halls, the county and city courts, a mercantile exchange, and numerous libraries, and literary, philosoph- ical and cliaritable institutions, an observatory, 4 theatres, a museum, gas-works, water-works, etc. In fact, it has all the appliances necessary for the physical, intellectual, and moral enjoyment of a large population; and in its manu- factures, commerce, and general wealth, is pre-eminent among the cities of the world. The manufactures of Cincinnati embrace almost every department of industrial employment. It would be impos- sible to enumerate them in the compass allowed to this article ; but there arc some industries that so distinguish the city, that their enumeration is necessarj*. It lias 6 distilleries; 140 bakeries; 12 bell and brass foundries: 83 blacksmith shops; 10 boiler yards; 15 book -binderies: 374 boot and shoe factories; 31 breweries; 60 brick yards; 203 mason shojis; 121 butchers' shops ; 284carjient«'rand build- er shops; 24 carriage factories; 63 coopers' shops; 42 cop- per-plate jirinting establishments ; 13 beef and tongue curing establishments : 4 cutleries ; 82 daguerreotype establish- ments; 16 domestic liquor manufactories; 15 dyelnnises; 19 edge tool factories ; 14 engraving cstatdishinents ; 14 feed and flour mills; 44 founderics and engine shops; 136 furniture factories ; 10 gilding establishmcnla ; 3 glass m CIN CIN works; C gunsmilU shops; 40 bat factories ; 14 iet-packing eslablishmcnts ; 5 iron rolliHg-mills ; 8 iron safe factories ; 5 iron railing factories; 10 lever lock factories ; 4 lithograpliic cslablishmenLs ; 7 looking-glass Victories ; 12 machinist shops; 5 marble works; C mathematical and optical instru- nient factories; 10 upholsteries; 60 millineries; 7 morocco leather faeUiries; C iinisieal instrument factories; 1 castor oil factory; ;M oil, lard, ami stearine factories; 3 linseed oil mills; 73 paint and glazing shops; 9 paper mills: 14 patent medicine factories; 7 plane faetories ; 1 planing machine factory; 6 platform scale factories; 6 plow factories; 16 plumbing shops ; 14 potteries ; 83 pork^ beef, and ham- curing factories (employing 2,450 hands, and producing annually !f 5,760,000) ; 13 publishing houses ; 40 saddleries; 25 sash, blind, etc., factories ; 22 sausage factories; 15 saw mills ; 2 saw factories ; 5 sheeting, etc., factories ; 16 shirt and stock factories ; 3S soap and caudle factories ; 7 steam- boat building yards ; 3 stereotj-pe foundcrics ; 22 stone- cutting yards ; 86 stone mason yards ; 9S tailor establish- ments ; 30 tanneries ; 62 tobacco, cigar, and snuff faetories ; 80 turners' shops ; 2 type founderies; 26 vinegar factories; 43 wagon factories; 40 wine manufactories; 5 wire-work- ing establishments ; 38 whisky distilleries, etc. There are 180 several industries pursued, and tlie total number of all manufacturing and industrial eatablishmenls in the city wa.s about 3,400. The total number of bands employed, about 82.S50, and the annual value of products, .$4'i,50n,000. There are few cities of the Union so well furnished witli facilities of locomotion. It has one of the finest rivers in the world fVonting it, and railroads and canals stretch- ing in every direction for thousands of miles. These form its great avenues of commerce. The Miami Canal, and the Ohio division of the "Wabash and Erie Canal, con- nect the Ohio r. and Lake Erie, a distance of 251 m. The principal completed raUroads are, the Little Miami E. E. and its connecUons to Cleveland, 255 m. ; the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton, and its connections to Sandusky, 218 m. ; the Cincinnati and Hillshoro' E. E. to Parkers- burg. 179 m. (now open to HUlsboro' 60 m.) ; and a numlicr of others completed, in progress, and projected, passing to every part of the State, and into all the neighboring States, and connecting Cincinnati wilh all the principal cities of the lakes, the sea-board, and the West and South. Cincin- nati, in fact, is the chief centre of the railroad system of the West. It has direct railroad connection with every lake- port from Chicago to Niagara; with Alliany, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and will soon have communication with Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, New Orieans, and St. Louis. Eailroads are being constructed in all these directions, and when completed will build up Cincinnati, and make it a competitor for the wealtli of commerce second to no other city of the world. It has ah-eady had the foretaste of its future, and is now siretcliing out its arms to g.ather in the vast, illimitable wealth wilh ■which nature has surrounded it. It has also telegraphs, giving it instantaneous communication wilh every Large city from Mame to Florida, and from the Atlantic to beyond the Mississippi. The river trade is commensur.ate with the vast internal trade centering at this point, and with the manufacturing industry of the city. It is carried on cliieliy in steamboats pl)ing hence to Pi'tLsburg and New Orieans, and the places intermediate. Its steamers also penetrate all the great rivers of the West— the tributaries of the great father of waters. The arrival of steamboats, in the year ending 31st An"., 1850, numbered 3,695 ; of these 2SS were from New Orleans, 658 from PitLsburg, 214 ft-om St. Louis, and 2,.538 from other ports ; and the departures amounted to 3,29'!, of which 249 were for New Orleans, 547 for Pittsburg. 223 for St Louis, and 2,274 for other ports. For the detailed statistics of the commerce of the port, for tlie year above named, the reader is referred to l/nnVs M.-n-l,.a,it«' Mag- asAm, for Oct., 1851. The shipping owned within the 128 district of Cincinnati, in 1S50, was 17,181 tons, of which 10,906 were navigated by steam-power. The city is governed by a mayor, recorder, and 8 coun- cilors for each of the wards into which it is divided. It has a separate judiciary, and also a commercial court, specially instituted to try causes arising between merchants. The amount of taxes collected for city purposes, for the year ending 201h March, 1S51, was $438,,345, viz. : for general purposes, .$1.30,172 ; for interest on debt, $GG,S83 ; for Uouso of Eefuge, $60,079; for Poor-house, $51,268; for support of watch, $40,063 ; for support of common scliools, $37,220 ; and colored schools, $2,664, The debt of the city at the same period, was $1.&40,000, and the value of its property amounted to $2,230,643, The newspaper and periodical press of Cincinnati con- sists of 8 daily papers, all of which issue weekly editions, and one a tri-weekly edition ; of 22 weekly papers ; of 1 semi-montlilv, and 14 monthly periodicals. The daily papers are the "C. CT,azette" (whig), the "C. Commercial" (indep't.), the " C. Enquirer" (dem.), the " Chronicle and Atlas" (whig), the " C. Times" (indep't.), the " Dispatch and Democrat'' (dem.). the " Democratic Journal" (dem.), and the " Nonpareil." These circulate a weekly average of 2.000 to 22,000 copies each. The weekli/ papers are, " Cist's Weekly Advertiser" (commercial), the " Pictorial Advertiser," the " Columbian" (lit), the " Price Current" (commercial), the " Western Police Gazette," " Life in Cin- cinnati," the "Screw-Driver," the "Warning Bell" (tlre- m,iii's), the " Proclamation Eeformcr," the " Phonetic Ad- vocate," the " Star of the West," the " Presbyterian of the West," the "Journal and Messenger" (relig.), the "Youth's Friend," the " Catholic Telegraph," the " Christian Age," the " Western Christian Advocate," the " Christian Apolo- gist," the " Western Fountain" (temperance), the " Central Christian Herald," the " Wahreefs Freund" (Germ.), the " Der Deutshe Eepublikaner" (Germ.), the " Democratiches Wochenlilatt" (Germ.), and the " Volksblatt" (Germ.) The "Sunday School Advocate" is published semi-monadij. The mont/ily periodk-als are, the "Ladies' Eepository," the " Templ.ar's Mag.azine," the " Counterfeit Detector," the "Masonic Eeview," the "Western Lancet" (med.), the " Dental Register," the " Law Journal," the " Crisis" (lib- erty ?), the " Congress Hall," the " School Friend" (edu- cation), the "Eclectic Medical Journal," the "Golden Eule." the -Tnited Presbyterian," and "Goodman's Coun- tirfeit Detector." Thus it would appear that politics, re- ligion, science, literature, etc., have their special advocates, .and that all the great interests of the people has a special organ to herald their peculiarities to the worid. Many of the aliove are conducted with great energy and talent, and have a circulation beyond their own locality. At a short distance from tlie city, on the hills, in its back ground, are two beautiful villages. Mount Auburn and Wal- nut Hills, which arc mostly occupied .as country seals by persons doing business in Cincinnati. Walnut Hills is the seat of Lane Seminary, a theological institution under the New School Presbyterians. Four miles N. W. of llie city, are two fine cemeteries— " Spring Grove Cemetery," con- taining ;ibont 100 acres; and the "Weslcyan Cemetery," containing .about 40 acres. Both are beautifully located, and have been greatly improved. For miles about Cincin- nati the cultivation of the grape, for wbiidi the soil and climate are well adapted, is carried on extensively, and the vineyards form, perhaps, the most delightfiil portions of the scenery. The wine here produced is said to be equal to the wines of France, in flavor and body, and arc now manufactured for commerce. Cincinnati, p. v., Ralls co., Jl/b. : on the N. bank of Salt r., 78 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. CiNciN.v.wi, p. v., Walker eo., Tuilding8 belonging to the Ohio Canal, which passes through Ihe village, and at this point crosses the river by a fine aqueduct. The rail- road from Cincinnati to "Wheeling also intersects it. Four periodicals are published here— the "C. IleraUr' (whig), tJie '■ C. Watchman" (dem.), the ''Religious Telescope," and " Busy Martha" (religious.) In the village a consider- able manufacturing business is engaged in, and the town has several furnaces, tanneries, etc. As a commercial de- pGt it occupies a place second to none of the interior towns, and its progress is onward. Pop. of v. 3,411. — of t. 3,S42. CiRCLEVii-LE, p. v., Tazewell co., III. : 4S m. N. Springfield. Cmco, p. 0., Monroe co., Term. : on Citico cr., 156 m. E. S. E. NashviUe. City, p. o., Duchess co., y. T. : 62 m. S. by E. Albany. CiTV island, 2^. Y. : an isl.and in the East r., in the town of Pelham, Westchester County. It is 2 m. long and about a mile wide. CiTT Point, p. v. and port. Prince George co., Virg. : on the S. side of James r., on a point formed by the confluence of Appomattox r., 19 m. S. E. liiehmond. James r. is nav- igable for large ships to this point, which is the port of Petersburg, with which city it is connected by a railroad 10 m. long. Several lines of steam packets sail between this and New York, touching at Norfolk, etc. Clackamas county, Ofeg. Situate centrally, and con- tains 141.000 sq. ra., but this area comprises a large unoccu- pied territory eastward. The county proper is of much less extent, and lies S. of Columbia r., and E. of Willamette r. It is drainctl by Sandy r. of the Columbia, and the Clack.v mas and other tributaries of the Willamette r. The surface is generally level, and the soils of extraordinar\- fertility, covered with dense forests. Coal and iron exist in abund- ance, and building material is plentiful. Farms 150 ; manuf. 13; dwell. 863, and pop.— wh. 1,S36, fr. col. 23— total 1,S59. Capital: Oregon Cily. Claibokxe parish, Zti. Situate N. W., and contains l.OSO sq. m. Drained E. by the forks of Bayou D'Arlnme. W. and S. W. by creeks of the Bayou Dorchoat and Black Lake cr. Surface varied, but generally level or rolling. Most of the parish consists of light pine land, but on the streams there are hard woods, and the soils are of good qual- ity, suitable for cotton. Farms 654; manuf. 3; dwell. 842, and pop.— wh. 4,949, fr. col. 0, si. 2,522— total T,4'l. Capi- tal : Homer. Claiborne county, jifi,ss. Situate S. W., on Mississippi r., and contains 4S0 sq. m. Black r. washes its N. line, and it is drained chiefly by Bayou Pierre, and brandies. Sur- face varied and uneven, and back from the streams the soils are light and sterile. Cotton and Indian com are the chief products. Farms 310 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 659, and pop.— wh. 3,449, fr. col. 42, si. 11,450— total 14,941. Capital : Port Gibson. Puhlic Works: Grand Gulf E. R. Claiborne county, Tenii. Situate between Clincli r. and the N. lino of tlie State, and contains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by Powell's r. and numerous creeks of Clincli r. Mountain prevails in the N. and N. W., but the surface in other parts is pleasantly varied, and has extensive valleys. Iron is abundant. The principal agricultural products are com, wheat, and oats, also pork. Farms 044 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. K 1,425, and pop.— wh. S,609, fr. col. 100, si. 600— total 9,369. Ca}>ital : Tazewell. Claibohne, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Ala. : on Ihe E. side of Alabama r., at the head of schooner navigaliun, 90 m. S. W. Montgomery. Claiborne, p. v., Jasper co., Miss.: 72 m. E. S. E. Jackson. Claibornesville. p. v., Yazoo CO., Miss. : on a cr. of Big Black r., 29 m. N. W. Jackson. Clairville, p. v., Winnebago co., Wise. : 88 m. N. E. by N. Madison. Clapps, p. o,, Guilford co.. J^. Car.: 73 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Clappville, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : on the N. aide of Westfleld r., and on the line of the Western E. E., 9 m. W. from Worcester and Si m. W. by S. Boston. Clara, t. and p. o., Potter co., Feim. : 1S2 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Clare county, Mich. Situate centrally on Lower Penin- sula, and contains 576 sq. m. Erected since ls50. Claremost, t. and p. v.. Sulijv.'in co.. K. Uamp. : on the E. side of Connecticut r., 46 m. W. by N. Concord. Iron and Hmestone are found m the town, and the village on Sugar cr. has several manufactures ; and a ncwspajier, the "National Eagle"' (whig), is issued weeklj. The town is connected with Concord by railroad. Pop. 3,606. Claremont, p. v., Pickens co., S. Car.: 121 m. N. W Columbus. Clarence, t. and p. v., Erie co., K. Y. : on the S. of Ton- awanda cr., 244 m. W. Albany. The Canandaigua and Niagara Falls R. R. passes through the town. Pop, 2,727. Clarence, p. v., Greene co., Wise. : 43 m. S. by W. Madison. Clarence, t. and p. o., Calhoun co., Mich.: 2S in. S. by W. Lansing. Numerous lakelets are fuund in this town, and arc the sources of streams flowing s. toward the Kalamazoo r. and N. toward Black r. Poj). 4S3. Clarence Centp-e, p. o., Erie co.. A'. 1' : 242 m. W. Albany. Clarendon, p. v., Monroe co., ArJ^: : on the E. bank of White r., where it is formed by Cach6 r., 56 m. E. Little liock. Clarendon, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., MicTt.: on St Jo- seph's r., 44 m. S. by W. Lansing. The village lies on the N. bank of the river. Pop. 669. Clarendon, t. and p. v., Orleans co., X. Y. : 213 m. W. by N. Albany. The village contains about 250 inhabitr ants. Pop. 1,S09. Clarendon, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Cai: Clarendon, t. and p. v., Rutland Co., Vei^m.: on Otter cr., 53 m. S. by W. Montpelier, The village lies on the Rutland and Burlington R. E., 6 m. S. Rutland, and the Western Vermont R. K. also passes through the town, 46 m. from North Bennington. Agriculture is the chief em- ployment of the inhabitants. Pop. 147. Clarendon Springs, p. v., Rutland co,, Verm. : 55 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Here is a chalybeate spring, contain- ing also corbonate of lime, which is resorted to by invalids for its medicinal properties. Claridon, t. and p. v., Geauga co., Ohio: on Ciiyalioga r., 146 ra. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,006. Clarion county, Pe7i7i. Situate N. W. centrally, and contains 580 sq. ra. Drained by Clarion and Toliy's rivers and creeks of Alleghany r. and Red Bank r., the furraer of which washes its S. W. and the latter its S. border.«. The N. part of the co. is rough and uneven; in the S. the sur- face is moderately undulating and fertile, willi abundance of tiraber. It contains large deposits of iron ore, which arc extensively worked. Farms 1,726; mannf. 246; dwell. 4,003, ami pop.— wh. 23,448, fr. col. 117— total '23,565. Cap- ital : Clarion. Clarion, t^. p v.. and cap. Clarion co., Pmn. : on the S. E. side of Clarion r., 152 m. W. X. W. Ilarrisburg. The 129 CLA CLA TiM»ga« situate on the Susquehanna --^.'^'-fj"'^^'''^^ pike^l m. E. of the river. Its site, Pi-^'.ous o IMO^as eoveredwiih pine wooils; it is now one of the most im r am , s'o f the interior, and h^ a population of ai.o^ ?2 inLhitants. Two newspapers are P>" -;,'- t^wn, the "C. Register" (whig), and the "0. Democrat ''t::;:::!:;rp.v.,orundyeo.,m:mm.N.N.E. '■Sl^^-river (or Great Ws e.), i^,.. : an — of Alle-hany r., from the N. E., and about ,0 m long. 1 ^n«idle fur boats for 50 or 60 m., l>ut is prine.pally used to float°lown timber to PitlsViurg, etc. ^ Clabk, p. o., Mereer CO., Penn- 204 m. Vf. N. W. "c^Tu^B^ounty, Ala. Situate S. W., 'between the Alaba- ma and Tombigbce rivers, and contams 1,382 sq. m. Tl e ZZ is drained by a large number of creeks fa^^mg mto the border rivers. Surface uneven, but generally low. So«frerent, except on the streams, and -here he lands are frequently inundated. Cotton and corn are he prmev- pal agrieultural prnducla. Farms 450; manuf. 16 ; dwel . 873, and pop.-wh. 4,901, fr. col. 9, si. 4,s7fr-lotal 9,.b6. Capital: Clarksvillc. CLARKE cnuntv, .1-*. Situate S. Vf. centrally, and con- ,».ins 684 sq. m. Drained by Washita r., ^vWeh runs on > E border, and its niunerous tributaries-one, the Little M.s rourl r., forming its S. and W. borders. The surface is billv and broken, and the soils, except on the margins of the" streams, sterile. The chief products are cotton and Indian corn. Farms 302 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. ^'^'l^'T wh. 8,113, fr. col. 7, sL S7^total 3,995. CapUal: Arkadcl- ^"clarke county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 414 sq. m. Drained by the tributaries of Oconee r , which traverse it from N. to S. Surface elevated and undulating. Soils fcrlile, producing cotton, Indian corn, wheat, etc., abnndantlv. Farms 400; manuf. 65 ; dwelL 1,024, and pop. -wh. 5,5i"d. fr. col. 15, si. 5,5S9-total 11,119. Capdal: Athens. VuUic Works : Athens Branch of Georgia E. Iv., extending from Cnion Point, 40 m. Clarke county, ///. Situate E., and contains 46S sq m. Drained by Embarras r. and tributaries of Wabash r., which forms its E. border. Surface chiefly rolling prairie-in the E. somewhat hilly and broken. SoUs fertile Iarm3 6.3b^ manuf. 14; dweU. 1,021, and pop.-wh. 9,494 fr col. 38- total 9,532. Capital: Marshall. PuUic Works: Terre Haute and Alton E. E. Clarkk county, I,al. Situate on Ohio r., and contains 400 s,,. m. Surface usually rolling, but nowhere hilly, ex- cept the Ohio bluffs, and the chain of " Knobs" on t be W . and N W. borders. Silver cr. and Fourteen JIde er., with some lesser streams, drain the soils, which are chiefly calca-rcous, and very productive. In the N. part o the CO are some wet lands, which are more fit for grasses than the cereals. Farms 1,04S ; manuf. S3 ; dwell. 2,757, and pop.- wh 16 24C,fr.col.6SS-totaU6,S2S. C«7>;toi ; Charlestown, The Jeffersonville and Columbus E. E., and the New Albany and Salem E. E. traverse the county. ClAEKE county, la. Situate S., and contains 482 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Chariton r., and numerous tributaries of Dcs Moines r., of which White K"™' "■' Otter cr., Squaw cr., ami South r. are the principal. The S W corner is drained by the head waters of Oooked I ork of Grand r Surface elev.tted, and in the middle of the co. forms the watershed between Dcs Moines and Grand rivers. Soils fertile and deep. Farms-; manuf. --; dwell. 14, and pop.-wh. 79, fr. col. 0-total 79. Cap.tal : -. Clarke county, K.J. Situate E. eenlrally, and eonlains 812 sq. m. Drained by Upper ami Lower Howard creeks, and Three .Mile cr., tributaries of Kcntm'ky r., which forms the S.line of the co. Surface generally level, and soils good, producing largely Indian corn, hemp, and tobacco, 180 ? 09, fr.col. 184, si. 4,S4tl-total 13.«*3- /'"J'";' • ^^"■ lii^tW. ^--"^*^'^— ttnTA— .^rrJ'S:.^r;5CsrDraikedbythoChiek. S.tirg=;;:x;,^^^ .Uvell 031 and pop.-wh. 8,823, IV. col. 6, si. 1,048 lou 5.49" a/X«- Quitman. ' PMlc Work.: Mobde and "ctA";.^' county, Mo. Situate N. E., and contains 520 sq m lUs S'ed on the E. by the Mississippi r., and on r n ffV CO in si 604-total 5,52T. Capital : Waterloo. dwell. 8,753 and ^^V■--'^p^^^-\^■^^\ \,^^ ^^.,, „„a S::1^eT7 mle ^ r.. E. ; Sprlngfleld, Mount Ve :on and Pittsburg E. E. ; Ohio Centra. E^I^, etc n VR^E county, Oreg. Slmate on the N. E. side 01 tie CdmnWa r , and ontahis 40,000 sq. m. Cowlit. r hounds H on beV W., and receives, with the Columbia, the dram- ':e ^nhc co.'by a number of '"^^ streams. There arc several isolated peaks in the CO., as Mount St. He ens, and Cane Ho n, the latter on the N. bank of Columbia r. ; the surface otherwise, is heantifuUy diversiBed, weU wooded, an b ;flne sods. There are scvertll small lakes near .^ W.i;;."der. Farms7; manuf. 4 ; dwelL 95 -a pop.-wh. 592 fr col. 51-total 04.3. arjwtoi: Columbia City. C, .EKE county, rvv. Situate N. E., and contains 280 ,q m DraiTc bv Opequan r. and tributaries of Shenan- doah" w'lch run; centrally through it. The surface is un - n, and on the E. mountainous, the Blue Eidge orm- h""its E. border. Soils of good quality, producing whea , c^n, a!d oats largely. The mountain region orms excd- lent pasmre for sheep and cattle. Farms 2. manu^^^4. dweU. 036, and pop.-wh. 3,015, fr. col. 123, si. 3,014-total 7 852. CapUutary of the Savannah, 113 m. N.Milledge- ville. It is a v. of some 300 inhabitants. Claeksville, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Md. : S7 ni. N.^Y. Annapolis. Clarksville, p. v.. Pike co., Jfo. : on the W. bank of the Mississippi r., SS m. N, E. Jefferson City. Claeksville, p. v., Ilunterdon co.^ A\ Jfi: : on Spruce Run, at the L. base of Musconelcong Mountain, 42 m. N. by W. Trenton. Iron and other ores are found in llie wlioh^ district. The New Jersey Central K. R. passes through the v., 47 m. from Elizabethport, and 17 tVoni Kastoii. Clarksville, p. v., Albany co.. A' ]'. ; m, W. by S. Albany. Clarksville. p. v., CUnton co., OJa'o: on Todd's cr. of the Little Miami r., 03 m. S. W. Columbu-s. It is u consid- erable v.. and lies on the raUroad route from Cincinnati to Zancsvillc. Clarksville. p. v., Greene co.. Pi/ni.: at the; junction of the N. and S. forks of Ten Mile er. of llie Mnnntigaliela r.. lOS m. W. I)y S. Ilarrisburg. Claeksville, p. v.. anil eap. Mruitcroinery co., T' mi. : on the N. side of Cumberl.and r., at the mouth of Red r., 4tJ m. N. W. Nashville. It is a large and imporlant v., and has a large trade. There arc pul)Ii.slied here tlie 'srefler.*ionian" (dora.), the " C. Clrrnnide" (\vliig\ anrks: ancin- □ati and Hillsboro' R. R., LiUle Miami K. K., etc Clebmokt, p. v., Kichlaud co., IlL : 514 m. ti. K. Spring- field. Cleemont, t. and p. o., Columbia co., JT. I',- on the W. of Aneram cr., 3S m. S. by E. Albany. The v. lies on the post road, between Albany and New York. IV'p. l,13iX Clermont, p. v., Mai-ioa ca, Ind, : on E:igle cr,, ra. W. N. W. Indianapoljg. Cleejiont Mills, p. o., Harford co., JfiL Clermontville, p. V,, M'Kean co^ Ftrrcii, : 132" m. N-W. Ilarrisbiirg. Cleveland, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Cuyahoj^a co., Ohio: on Cuyahoga r., where it discbarges into Lake Erie, i2G m. N. N. E. Cohmibus. Lat, 41° 31' 07" N., and long. Sio 45' 5T" W. Cleveland is the commercial emporium of north- cm Ohio, and seco;id only to Cincinnati in p<^ulation and general progress. It possesses great facilities for the transit of goods and passengers: the Ohio Canal, extending to the Ohio r. at Portsmout^i, 309 m., has its northern terminus here, and another canaL, branching off from it at'/Vkrun, connects it with Pittsburg. It is ennnccted with all the ports of L;dcc Erie by the lake shore cliain of railroads -extending from Niagara Falls to Milwaukie; with Pitt»- ^urg, by the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R., and the Cleve- land and Pittsburg Pi, R. ; and with Cincinnati by the Cleve- land, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. : these, uniting with the various railroads running to the sea-board at Boston, New Vork, Philadelphia, Baltimore, etc., to tlie eouthward Into Kentucky, Tennessee, etc., to Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, and New Orleans, and to tlie westward to and ^leyond the Mississippi r.. give it access to every part of the siltlc'd portion of Che Union, and serve as conduiLs of the ^':^st commerce which centres at this poinL And be-sides these great avenues, it has numeroos plank and macadam- ized roads leading from it in all directions ; and its telegraphic connections extend to every important city from the British Provinces to New Orleans, and from the Atlantic to the utmost western bounds of civilization. Regular linis of steamboats ply to Duiikirk, to Buffalo, to Bctroit, to Toledo, and Sandusky, and to the upper lake country. Cleveland is one of those great cities of the "West that have risen up as if by magic within the past twenty years. In ISiO the place contained less than l,OtiO inhaiiilauts ; in 1S40 it had 6,071, and in 1S50 its population amoimted to 17,034. It derives its name from Ger>eral Muses Cleveland, an agent of the Connecticut Land Company, who accom- panied the first surveying parly upon the Connecticut Western Preserve. The place on which the city now stands ■w:is surveyed under his direction in 179G. In 1T09 there waa but one family residing here, and even in 1625 there were under 600 persons within its limits. In 1S14 Cleve- Jand was incorporated as a tillage, and in lSo6 it received a city charter. The city, except a small portion of it immediately on the river, is built on a gravelly plain, SO feet above Lake Erie, of wiiich it has a commanding prospect. The locaU(m is bigbee r., 93 m. W. by N. Montgomery. CLT CLO Clinton, p. v., and cap. Jonoa co., Ga.: ou Walnut cr. of the Ockmulgee r., IS m. W. Milledgcville. Clinton, p. v., Ycrraillion co., In^. : on the "\V. side of "Waliush r. and canal, 65 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. It is a point from which considerable proilucc is shipped. Clinton, p. v., and cap. De AVitt co.. If/. : on the N. side of Salt cr. of Sangamon r.. 46 m. N. E. Springfield. Clinton, p. v., Hickman ro.. Ay. ; near the cenire of the county, on the N. side of the Bayou Des'. t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Jff. : on the E. side of tlie Kenn^-bfc, r., 22 m. N. by E. Augusta. The v. is situate on Sebastieook r., wliich runs through the t., and affonis extensive water-power. Mills and mauufaetoriesof various kinds aro numerons. Pop, oft, 1,74-3. Clinton, p. v., Lenawee co., 3tich. : on the E. side of the N. branch of Eaisin r., 53 m, S. E. Lansing. It is a fiourishing v., and has some manufactures and milling, also nn iron foundrj-, etc. Clinton, p. o., Hinds co., 3liss.: on the line of theYicks- burg. Brandon, and Jackson R. E., 10 ni. W. Jackson. Tlie Mississippi College, founded in 18;10, is located liere. Clinton, t. and p. v., Eock co., Wise. : on the S. of Tur- tle cr. of Eock r., 46 m. S. E. Madison. The v. is located on the post road, 10 m. E. from Beloit. Pop. 1,176. Clinton, p. v., and cap. Sampson co., iV! Cu/'. : on a branch of Black r., 54 m. S. S. E. Ealeigh. Clinton, p. v., Hunterdon co., N. Jer. : on the S. branch of Earitan r., SI m. N. by W. Trenton. It has an immense hydraulic power, and wUl become a mannfacturing v. of importance. The New Jersey Central K. E. i)asse3 it, 44 m. from Elizabelhport and 20 from Easton. Clinton, t, Duchess co., K T. : 60 m. S. by E. Albany. Pop. 1,795. Clinton, p. v., Oneida co., JV! Y. : on both sides of Oris- kany cr.. and on the line of the Chenango Canal, 86 ra. W. N. W. Albany. It is a fiourishing v., and has both manufactures and trade, for which its position on the river and canal peculiarly adapts it It is noted for its tine sem- inaries, and about a mile W. of the v. is Hamilton College, the buildings of which are conspicuously situate on an eminence. Clinto:*^, p. v., Worcester co., Jlasfi. : on the N. side of Nashua r., and on the line of the Worcester and Nasliua E. E.. 16 in. from Worcester and 30 m. W. Boston. Clinton, t. an7 m. N. E. Columbus. The v. lies on the Ohio Canal, and is a place of considerable trade. Pop. 1,196. Clinton, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : 17S m. W. Harris- burg. Clinton, p. v., and cap. Anderson co., Te>t7i. : on the N. branch of Clinch r. of the Tennessee, 144 m. E. Nash- ville. Clinton College, p. o., Smith co., Teiin. : 44 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Clinton Corners, p. o.. Duchess co., jV. Y. : 62 m. S. by E. Albany. Ci,intoni>ale, p. v., TTlster co., X. }'. ; 64 m. S. by W. Albany. Clinton Fltinace, p. v., Clarion co., Penn. Clinton Hollow, p. o., Ducliess co.. A"". Z.- 63 m. S. by E. Albany. Clinton river, Mich.: has its source in the numerous small lakes scattered over the central parts of Oakland co., and after collecting their waters, passes out of the county in a N. E. direction, and flowing thence S. E. and E., dis- charges into the N. part of Lake St. Clair oppoaite the , mouth of St. (_'lair r. It is aliout 50 m. long. Its principal tributaries are Nortli Fork, Stony cr., and Paint cr., wliich discbarge from the N. side, and Eed r. on the S. side. It is beatable to Eochoster 20 m., and after removing tiie bar at its mouth, vessels of the largest class can come to ML Clemens, 6 ni. from the lake. In its course it waters a beau- tif\il country and furnislies many mill sites. Clintonville, p. v., Bourbon co., Kij. : 36 ra. E. Frank- fort. The line of the railroad from Kno.wille to Covinglnn will pass through or near to this village. Clintonville, p. v., Clinton co., N. Y. : on the N. side of An Sable r., 10 m. W. of Port Kent on Lake Cluimplain, and 100 m. N. Albjuiy. Immense dejiosits of iron ore exist at this point, and furnaces and rolling mills have long been in successful operation. The v. contains about 1,200 in- habitants. Clintonville, p. v., Venango co., Penn. : 172 m.W. N.W. Ilarrisburg. Clintonville, p. v., Greenbrier co., Virg. : 15S ra. W. by N. Kiehmon.I. Clintonville, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on the Cleve- land, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. E., 5 in. N. Columbus. Clio, p. v., Wayne eo., Kij. : 9G m. S. Frankfurt. Clio, p. v., Marlborough dist., S. Car. : ST m. N. E. Columbia. Clio, p. v., Greene co., Ohio: 59 m. W. S. W. Culumbns. Clockville, p. v., Mailison co., 27. r. ; 84 m. W. by N. Albany. Clokey, p. o., Washington co., Penn.: 190 m. W. Ilarrisburg. Clopton*8 Mills, p. o., Putnam co., G(r. : on Little r.. a tributary of Ocooee r., 13 m. N. W. Milledgcville. The Eatonton E. E. passes near by llie mills. Cloutierville, p. v., Nachitoehes par., Zrr. ; on the E. side of Old r., 127 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. Clove, p. o., Sussex co., N. Jer. : oS m. N. Trenton. Clove, p. o.. Duchess eo., A1 Y. : on Clove Kill, a tribu- tary of Fisbkill, SO m. S. by E. Albany. Clover, p. r., Clermont co., Ohio : 92 m. S. W. Co- lumbus. Clover, p. v., Blair co,, Penn. Clover Bend, p. o., Lawrence co., Arl: : 102 m. N. N. E. Little Eock. Clo'\"er Bottom, p. o., Sullivan co., Tcnu. : 244 m. E. by N. Nashville. Clover Creek, p. o., Highland co., Vi/y. : on a er. so called, 134 m. W. N. W. Eiehmond. Cloveedale, p. o., Putnam co., In(7. : on Doe cr., a tribu- tary of Mill cr., 36 m. W. S. W. Indianai)olis. Cloverdale, p. 0., Botetourt co., Virg.: 136 m. W. Eiehmond. CLO^TiRDALE HoTEL, p. 0., Bath CO., Virg. : 1 22 m. W. N.W. Eiehmond. Clover Garden, p. o., Orango co., K. Car. : 32 m. N. W. Ealeigh. Clover Green, p. o., Spottsylvania co., Virg. : 46 m. N. by W. Eiehmond. CLO^'ER Hill, p. o., Hunterdon co., K.Jer.: 32 ui. N. Trenton. Clover Hill, p. o., Blount co., T<^nn.: 140 n;. E. by S. Niishville. Clover Hill. p. v., and cap. Appomattox co.. Virg. : 10 m. W. by S. Eiehmond. Clover Hill, p. v., Green Co., Ky. : 69 ni. S. W. Frank- fort. Clover Land, t. .ind p. v., Clay co., Ind,: on the Na- tional Eoad. 5S m. W. by S. Indianapolis. Clover Orchard, p. o.. Orange co., A'. Car. : 36 m. N.W. Ealeigh. Clover Port, p. v., Breckenridge co., K)j. : on the S.side of the Ohio r., at tlie mouth of ('lover cr., 100 iil W. by 8. Frankfort It is an important point for shipping tobacco, and h,is about 7oU inhabitants. There is flue coal in the 185 CLO COE Tlcinity, and 4 m. in the interior are the White Sulphur, BreckeuridEje, and Tar Springs. Clover Poet, p. v., Ilardeman co., Tenn. : 143 m. 6. W. Nashville. Clovksville, p. v., Delaware co., K. Y. : 62 m. S. W. Albany. Cloyd's Creek, p. o., Blount co., Tenn.: 145 m. E. by S. Nashville. Clyattsvtlle, p. o.,* Lowndes co., Ga. : 14S m. S. Mill edgevi lie. Clyde, p.. v., "Wayne co., K. Y. : on the Clyde r., 153 m. W. Albany. It has a large number of mills, factories, and mechanic shops; and a newspaper, the "C. Telegraph," is published weekly. The Erie Canal, and the Kochester and Syracuse (direct) R. E. pass through iL Clyde, p. v., Whitesidos co., lU. : 134 m. N, Springfield. Clyde river. jV. Y. : this stream is formed by the union of Flint and Mud creeks in Wayne co., and flows E. 20 m., falling into Seneca river. Clymas, t. and p. v., Dodge co., Wise. : 42 m. N. E. Mad- ison. The t. is watered by several fine creeks falling into Koek river. Pop. 735. Clymee, t. and p. v., Chautauque co., X Y. : on Brofceu Straw cr., 306 m. W. S. W. Albany, Pop. 1,127. Clymer Centre, p. v., Chautauque co., -K K .' SOS m. W. S. W. Albany. Coahoma county, Jfiss. Situate N. W. on Mississippi r., and contains &2S sq. m. Drained by Sunflower r. and its branches. Surface low and level, liable to inundation ; soils vcr>' fertile, producing largely cotton and corn. Farms 161 ; manuf. ; dwell. 260, and pop.— wh. 1,3S7, ft*, col. 2, si. 1,391 —total 2,730. Capital : Delta. Coal creek, Ind. : a fine mill stream, mostly in Fontaiue CO., about 45 m. in length, and emptying into the Wabash, near the N. line of Parke co. An immense coal bank exists near its mouth, where it is crossed by the Wabash and Erie Canal. Coal Oeove, p. o., Lawrence co., Ohio : on the W. hank of the Ohior., 104 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Coal Hill, p. o., Goochland co., Virff. : 14 m. N. W. Richmond. Coal Mines, p. r., Chesterfield co., Virff. Se^ Elack- HETH. Coal Moitntatn, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga. : 9S m. N. N.W. Milled geville. Coal Port, p. t., Indiana co., Penn. : 124 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Coal Uivee Maeshes, p. o., Raleigh co., Yivg. : 214 m. W. Richmond. Coal Run, p. o., Washington co., Ohio : S6 ra. S. E. Columbus. CoALSMorxii, p. v., Kanawha co., Tirg. : on the S. side of Kanawha r., at the mouth of Coal r., 242 m. W. by N. Richmond. Coal Valley, p. o., Alleghany co., Pen7i. Coate's Tavern, p. o., York dist., S. Car. : 72 m. N. Columbia. CoATEsviLLE, p. V., Chester co., Penn. : on the W. branch of Branblcs- kill er., 33 m. W. Albany. In this U there is a mill-stream issuing from a natural well, the depth of which has never been ascertained ; it then enters a subterranean passage, and disappears for 7 m., when it again rises and flows on the surface. Pop. 2,229. CoBscooK bay, Me. : a large bay, the recipient of a num- ber of large ponds on the S. W. side of Eastport, in Passa- maquoddy Bay. Cobukn's Store, p. o., Mechlenburg co., A^. Car. CocALico, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. CocuECTON, t, and p. v., Sullivan co., K. Y. : on the E. side of Delaware r., 76 m. S. W. Albany, and drained by Collicoon and Ten Mile creeks, tributaries of Dehiware r. The Erie E. R. traverses the W. line of the t., and inlor- secls the village, which lies on the Delaware, 141 m. from New York. CocHESETT. p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. CooinTFATE, p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. CocnitAN's Cross Roads, p. o., Uarris co., Ga.: 106 m. W. by S. Milledgcville. CocuBAN's Grove, p. o., Shelby co., lU.: 5S ra. E. S. E, Springfield. CocnE.iN'9 Landing, p. o., Monroe CO., Ohio: 110 m. E. by S. Columbus. Cochran's Mills, p. o., Pickens co., Ala. : 104 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. CocHRANSTiLLE, p. v., Chcstcr CO., Penu, : 54 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Corn RAN 8VILLK, p. V., Marshall co., Tenn. : 46 m. S. Nashville. CociiRANTON, p. v., ^Mariou CO., Ohio: 4S m. N. N. W. Columbus. CocKE county, Tenm. Situate on the E. State line, and contains 374 sq. m. Smoky Mountains, one of the Alle- ghany ridges, bounds it on the E., and divides the State from North Carolina. Drained by French, Broad, and Big Pidgeon rivers, tributaries of Tennessee r., which runs along its N. border. The surface is elevated and broken, and the soils thin. Indian com is the chief product, and some beef and pork is produced for market. Farms SSO; manuf. So ; dwell. 1,295, and pop.— wh. 7,503, fr. col. 79, si. 719— total «,3'i0. Capikd: NewporL CocKNEYSviLLE, p. V., Baltimore co., Md.: on the lino of the Baltimore and Susquehanna R. R., 14 m. N. Balti- more, and 40 m. N. by W. Annapolis. A weekly paper, the "Baltimore County Advocate," is published at this place. CocKRUM, p. o., De Soto co., Miss: 168 m. N. Jackson. ConniNoviLLE, p. v., Medina co., Ohio: 96 m. N. N. E. Columbus. CoDORrs. p. v., York co., Penn. : on Codorus cr., SO m. S. Ilarrisburg. Codonis cr. rises in Frederick co., Md., and after a circuitous course of 30 m., enters the Susquehanna, near the v. of New Holland, in Penn. CoF.i.K. p. o., Livingston par., La. : 42 m. E. Baton Rouge*. CoR Ridge, p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : 123 m. N. E Columbus. Coesse, p. v., Whitley co., I7id. : on the S. of Eel r., 102 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. CoEYMANs, t. and p. v., Albany co., N. Y.: on the W. side of the Hudson r., 13 m. S. jVlbany. Coeymans creek and other tributaries of the Hudson drain the t The v. COE COL contains several manufacluring establishments and exten- sive brick yards. The Albany steamboats atop here, and considerable trade is carried on by means of schooners and sloops navigating the Hudson. Pop. 3,050. CoETMA^s HoLLOTT, p. V., Albany co., N. Y. : 19 ni. S. Albany. CoFER, p. 0., Kardin co., Ky. : 72 m. W. by S. Frankfort. CoFFADELiAH, p. V., Neshoba CO., Mm. : 69 m, N. E. Jackson. Coffee county, Ala. Situate S. E., and contains 1,0(IS sq. m. Brained by Pea r. and its branches. Surface level, butundulating— partially wooded; and soils rich and well drained. The agricultural staples are cotton and corn. Farms 604; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 893, and pop.— wh. 5,3S2, fr. col. 1, si. 557— total 5,94i}. CaplUd: Wellborn. Coffee county, Tenn. Situate centrally, and contains 276 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Duck cr. Sur- face undulating, inclming to the W., and the soils of aver- age fertility. The principal products are Indian corn and wheat, with some tobacco and cotton. Farms 4-S5 ;-manuf. 19 ; dwell. 1,179, and pop.— wh. 7.061, Ir. col. 23, si. 1,207 —total S.351. Ccj/itul: Manchester. Puhlio Works: M'Minnville Branch of the Nashville and Chattanooga li. R. Coffee, p. v., Clay co., hid, : 56 m. W. S. W. Indian- apolis. Coffee Coener, p. o., Coffee co., Ala. : S9 m. S. by E. Montgomery. Coffee Creek, p. o., Porter co., Ind. : on the E. side of Coffee cr., about 2 m. above its confluence with Calumic r,, and not far from the line of Northern Indiana K. K., 136 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. Coffee Landing, p. o., Hardin co., Tenn.: 107 m. S. "W. Nashville. Coffee Kun, p. o., Tluntingdon co., Peiin. : 79 m. "W. Harrisburg. Coffebville, p. v., Clark co., Ala. : on the E. side of Tombigbee r., Ill m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Coffeetille, p. v., and cap. Yallabusha co., 3fiss. : on a creek of Yallabusha r., 116 m. N. by E. Jackson. Pop. 600. The "Southern Appeal" (whig) ispublished weekly. Coffin's Geove, p. o., Delaware co., la.: 55 m. N. Iowa City. CoGHiLL, p. o., M'Minn co., Tmn. : 132 m. E. S. E. Nashrille. Cogswell, p. v., M'lleury co., III.: 1S3 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Cohasset. t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Jfafm. : facing N. E. on Massachusetts Eay. 16 m. S. E. Boston. The co.isl is here rocky and dangerous ; it has a considerable amouut of shipping, chiefly engaged in coasting and in the fish- eries, and the v. is important as the E. terminus of the South Shore li, R., 11 m. from Braintree. It has a fine sum- mer climate, and the shore is a favorite resort for invalids and fashionables. Pop. 1,715. ConoES, p. v., Albany co.j'A'I Y. : on the S. "W. side of Mohawk r., 8 m. N. Albany, a little below the Falls, and near the jftnction of the Charaplain and Eric Canals. The water-power of the place is verj- extensive, and is used for various manui;icturing purposes. It contains 7 churches, about 300 houses, and 2,600 inhabitants. A railroad is now in course of construction from Albany to this point to ac- commodate the manufacturing interest. The *' Cohoes Cataract" (neutral) is published weekly. The name of this V. has lately been changed to that of Rockton. Conor-** falls, X. Y. : immediately above Cohoes village, 2 m, from the month of Mohawk r. The surrounding scenery is romantic, and when the r. is full the falls present a grand appearance. Besides a rapid above and below the fails, rhe r., h.-re from 300 to 400 feet broad, has a per- pendicular fall of 70 feet. Half a mile below the falls is a bri4. Cold Brook, p. o., Warren co., lU. : S8 m. N. W. Spring- field. The Peoria and Oquawka R. R. passes through the T. 23 m. from Oquawka on the Mississippi r. Coi.n Brook, p. v., Herkimer co., N. Y.: on a cr. of same name. 76 m. N. W. Albany. There are several mills on the cr., and the v. has about 300 inhabitants, CoLPEN, t. and p. v., Erie co., H. Y.: on Cazenove cr., 2S m. S. E. Buffalo and about 245 W. Albany. There are several mills at the v. or settlement Pop. 1,344. CoLDENUAM, p. v., Orange co., N. Y. : 74 m. S. Al- bany. CoLDEN lake, Essex co., K. Y. : a short distance below Avalanche Lake, the waters of which it receives nllcr a descent of 50 feet- It is one mile in length and half a mile wide, and has an elevation above the tide water of Hudson r. of 2.S50 feet. It is a most romantic sheet of water, sur- rounded by high mountain peaks. Coi.D Rrx, ]>. o., Cass co., Ga.: on a er. of Etowah r., 132 m. N. W. Milledgeville. CoLP Spring, p. o., Pottowattomee co., Ta. : 212 m. W. by S. Iowa City. 137 COL Cold Sprixg, p. v., Fairfleld Co., Conn. Cold Spkbg, p. o., Shelby CO., lU. : 52 m. S. E. by E. Springfield. Cold Speisg, p. v., Ilnrrison co., Ohio: 100 m. E. by N. Columbus. Cold Sprixg, p. v., Campbell Co., Ky. : 02 m. N. N. E. Frnnkforl. Cold Spp.ixg, p. o., Wilkinson CO., Mi.u. : on the E. side of Homnchitto r., 9T m. S. W. .Jackson. Cold Sprino, p. v., Cape May co., .K Jer.: near the S. extremity of the State, equidistant on three sides from the waters of the Atlantic, S4 m. S. by E. Trenton. It ia a v. of some 150 inhabitants. Cold Spkko, p. v., Putnam Co., A'. Y. : on the E. hank of the Hudson r., aljout a mile N. of West Point. It is ro- mantically situated in the Highlands. The Hudson Paver E. E. passes through it, 54 m. N. of New York City and 96 m. 8. of jVlbany. The West Point Foundery, one of the most extensive iron founderies and machine shops in the Union, is located here. Pop. about 1^)00. Cold Sprisg, p. o., Polk co., Tex.: 178 m. E. by N. Austin City. Cold Sppjng, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 42 m. W. Columbus. Cold Sfrixg, t. and p. v., Jefferson co.. Wise : on a branch of Eock r., 8S m. E. S. E. Madison. The Milwau- kic and Mississippi E. K. passes through the S. part of the township. Pop. 5CS. Cold Sprinq Harbor, p. v., Suffolk co., Jl': Y. : at the head of the bay so called, IIG m. S. by E. Albany. Tlie bay sets up between Queen's and Suffolk counties, being an arm of Oyster Bay, and the v. lies around its head in the form of a crescent. It is a port of entry, has several ships en£ra«rcd in whaling, and has a considerable coasting trade. Shipping owned in the district, 3,S55 tons, of which 2,376 is registered tonnage. Its situation and scenerj- render it a desirable residence during the summer months. Pop. about 600. Cold Stream, p. v., Hampshire co., Vtyg-' on the E. Bide of Cacapon r.. 1.34 m. N. N. W. Eichmond. It has several factories and mills, worked by water-power supplied by the river, and has about 400 inhabitants. Cold Water, t., p. v., and cap. Uranch co., MicJi. : on Cold Water r. and its branches, 5S m. S. S. W. Lansing. It has numerous mills on its streams. The v. is situate on the line of the Michigan Southern E. E., 93 m. from Monroe and 166 from Chicago. The •' C. Sentinel," a weekly news- paper, is published here. Pop. 2 1 06. Cold Water, p. o., Marshall co., jl/V.s*. .' 173 ra. N. Jackson. Cold Water, p. o., Elbert co., Ga. : on a cr. of Savan- nah r. so called, 7S ra. N. N. E. Milledgeville. Cold Water, p. o., Wayne Co., Ohio: S6 m. N. E. Columbus. Cold Water, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio : 97 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Cold Well, p. o.. White co.. Ark. : 48 m. N. N. E. Little Eock. Cole county, 3To. Situate centrally, and contains 440 sq. ra. The Missouri r. washes tlic county on the N. and tlie Osage r. on tlie E. — the interior being chiefly drained by Moreau cr. and its branches. Surface somewhat uneven ; soils generally fertile. Farms OSS ; manuf. 2S ; dwell 9S4, and p'op.— wh. 6,699, fr. eol. IS, si. 979— total 6,696. Cap- ital: Marion. PiMic Works: Pacinc E. E. CoLEBROOK, t. and p. v., Litehfleld co., Comt. : on the W. branch of Farmingtnn r., 28 m. N. W. Hartford. Drained byTolebrook r., a tributary of the before named. Surface hilly, and soils gr.avelly, Init good grazing lands. It has some few manufaetaircs. Pop. 1,364. CoLERHOOK, t. and p. o., Coos CO., K JTamp. : on the E. side of the Connecticut r., 106 m. N. Concord. It is drain- ed by the Mohawk and Beaver rivers, and has much fine 138 COL interviile lands on the Connecticut It is entirely agricul- tural in its industry. Pop. 90S. CoLEBEOOK Dale, t. and p. o., Berks co., Penn.: 67 m. E. Ilarrisburg. CoLEBEOOK EivEE, p. o., Litchflcld CO., Conn. : on the r. so called, 27 m. N. W. Hartford. Cole Camp, p. o., Benton co.. Mo. : on Cole Camp cr., a tributary of Osage r., 6S m. W. S. W. Jefferson City. Cole Creek or (Coal creek), p. o.. Fountain CO., Ind : 72 m. W. N. W. Indian.apolis. Coal cr. is a fine mill stream, about 45 m. in length, and enters the Wabash near the N. line of Parke co., after passing through a splendid agricul- tur.al country. It has numerous tributaries from the E. The best coal bank that has been found in tho State is near the mouth of this stream, where the Wabash and Ij'rie Canal crosses it. Cole Creek, p. o., Columbia co., Penn, : 67 m. N. E. Harrisburg. CoLEMAs's Cross Eoads, p. o., Edgefield dist. S. Car. Coi,e«ax5ville, p. v., Harrison Co., Ey. : on the W. side of the W. branch of Licking r., 42 m. E. N. E. Frankfort CoLERAiN, t and p. v., Franklm co., Mass. : on a branch of Deerfleld r., which affords water-power, 92 m. W. N. W. Boston. The surface is hilly, and furnishes fine gr-azing lands ; the t has .also several important manufactures, con- sisting of cotton goods, iron castings, leather, hats, earthen- ware, and agricultural implements. It was first settled by a colony from the North of Ireland in 1736. CoLERAi.v, p. v., Bertie co., N. Car. : on the W. bank of Chowan r., 14.3 m. E. N. E. Ealeigh. CoLEEAix, I. and v., Hamilton Co., Ohio : on the E. side of Great Miami r., 100 m. S. W. Columbus. Pop. 3,125. CoLEEAiN-, t. and p. v., Belmont CO., Ohio : on the N. side of Indian Wheeling cr., a tributary of Ohio r., 114 m. E. by N. Columbus. The surface is hilly, but the soils are rich and productive. Pnp. 1,321, CoLEEAix, t. and p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : 52 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. It has several large manufacturing establish- ments, furnaces, etc. CoLERAiN Forge, p. o., Hunterdon co., Penn. : on Spruce cr., S3 m. W. Harrisburg. Coles county, PI. Situate E., and contains 864 sq. m. Drained by Kaskaskia and Embarras rivers, which flirnish extensive mill power. Surface chiefly prau-le. moderately undul.ating, and soils of excellent fertility. Farms 996; manuf. 0; dweU. 1,.571, and pop.— wh. ^299, fr. eol. 86- total 9,835. Capital : Charleston. CoLESncRGD, p. v.. Potter CO., Penn. : 122 m. N. N. W. Ilarrisburg. CoLESBijEon, p. v., Delaware co., Ia. : in the N. E. corner of CO., 67 m. N. by E. Iowa City. Cole's Mills, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio. CoLESviLLE, p. v., Stokes CO., K.Car.: on the N. of Snow cr. of Eoanoke r., lOS m. N. W. Ealeigh. CoLESViLLE, p. v., Susscx CO., S. J(r. : 62 m. N. Trenton. CoLESviLLE. p. v., Montgomery co., Mit. : on one of the head streams of the Eastern Branch of Potdlnac r., 29 m. W. by N. Annapolis. CoLESTiLLE, I. and p. v., Broome co., K. Y. : on the W. side of the Unadilla r., 9S m. S. W. Albany. Chiefly drained by creeks flowing into that stream. The surface is gen- erally hilly : near the river, however, are .alluvial fl.its of great fertility. Pop. 2,867. CoLETA, p. 0., Talladega CO., AUl. : 74 m. N. by E. Montgomerj*. CoLLAMEE, p. v., Copiah CO., mm. : 39 m. S.W. Jackson. CoLLAMER, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 73 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. CoLLAMER, p. v., Windham co.. Conn. : 41 m. E. by N. Hartford. COLLAMER, p. v., Cuvahoga CO., Ohio: 120 m. N. N. W. Columbus. CoLL,uiEE, p. T., Kane eo., Til. : l.-iS m. N. N. E. Spring- COL COL field. It lies on the edge of a bcautiiul prairie drained by a branch of Sycamore r. CoLiuAMEB, p. v., Onondaga co., j\' 1' ; 112 m. W. by N. Albany. CoLLAiTER, p. v., "W'hitley co., Jnd. : 94 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. CoLi-AMER, p. v., Sauk CO., Wise. : on llie N. side of Wis- consin r., 26 m. N. W. Madison. College Corner, p. v., Butler co., 07ifo: in Ihe N. "W. corner of the co., and on the line of the Junction II. E., 102 m. "VY. by S. Columbus. College Green, p. o., Cecil co., Jl<7. : 55 m. N. E. Annapolis. College Hill, p. v., Lafayette co., Mis^i. : 149 ni. N. N. E. Jackson. College Hill, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio: im ni. S. AV. Columbus. College Moitsd, p. o., Kauffman co., TI'.!". .• 217 ni. N. N. ^y. Austin City. College of St. James, p. o., Washington co., Jf'K : C, m. S. E. Ilagerstown, 4 m. N. E. ■WUIiamsport, and 70 W. N.W. Annapolis. The college belongs to the Protestant Episco- pal Church, and has a grammar-school attached to it. The college buildings, and the residences near them, make a goodly-sized village. One of the main buildings was erected by General Einggold, as his private mansion, nearly GO years ago; the others have been erected since 1S42, when the institution was first opened. It was chartered in 1844. There are 5 resident professors, 3 lecturers, and several tutors, etc., and in 1S50 it had 110 students. The annual expense for tuition, boarding, etc., is $225. The country in the neiglihorhood is fertile anmn.: on both .sides of FarininL.'ton r., 14 m. W. by N. Hartford. A bruiicii of the New Haven and Northampton E. E. from riainvilh',11 m., terminates here. It is a flourishing v., manufacturing chiefly axes and other edged tools. Pop. about 1,500. CoLLiNSViLLE, p. V,, Madison co., lU.: SO m. S. l>y W. Springfield, and about 10 m. from lUinoistown, on the Mississippi r. CoLLiNsviLLE, p. V., LcwIs CO., iVI Y. ." ou the AV. side of Black r., 103 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. about 200- CoLLiNsviLLE, p. v., Butlcr CO., OMo : on the E. side of a branch of Miami r., S9 m. W. S. W. Columbus. CoLLiUENE, p. 0., Lowndes co., Jla. : 27 m. S. "VV. Mont- gomery. CoLLUMSviLLE, p.v,, Lycoming CO., /'t"?i.: "Sni. N. N.VV. Ilarrisburg. Ct^iLLY Swamp, p. o., Bladen co., 2\\ Car.: on a cr. of Soutli r. so called, 1S4 m. S. by E. Ealeigh. (_'i>i...MA, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : l'J9 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. Colon, t. and p. o., St. Joseph co., JJick. : on the S. of St. Joseph's r., 66 m. S. W. Lansing. The t. has several small lakes within it which supjily numerous streams, ana ftirnish immense water-power. Pop. 647. Colonel's For.i;, p. o., Pieken's dist., S. Car. : on a branch of Tullulah r., 116 m. N. "W. Columbia. Colony, p. o., Kjiox co., Mo. : 106 m. N. JefTcrsou City. Colorado county, 71^.1!. Situate toward S., and cnni;iiu3 S20 sq. m. Drained centrally by nfiluents of Colorado r., which passes through it from N. to S. ; on the E. by Sau Bernardo r., and on the W. by the head waters of Navidad r. Surface rolling ; soils of the highest fertility, and suit- able for cotton and sugar. Farms IIG; manuf. 3; dwell. 283, and pop.— wh. 1,534, fr. col. 0, si. 723— total 2,257. Capital: Columbus. Colorado river, Utali and ^Texo Mex. Ttn: : a vast river extending from its sources in the Rocky Mountains, near the head waters of the Columbia, the Missouri, Arkansas, and the Del Norlo rivers, to the Gulf of Caliiornia. Its tributaries arc gathered from the Cordilleras, through a range of 6 degrees of latitude. Green r., which rises in a number of small lakes at the base of Fremojit's Peak, in lat. 48^^ is its most northern constituent; farther souih it receives the Yampa, the head waters of which almost inter- lock with those of llie north fork of Platte r. ; the Uintali r. ; the White r. ; Grand r., equal in volume to tlie Upper Col- orado itself; the Navajo r. ; the Taquilla r. ; the Eio Ver- gen, and otliers of considerable magnitude. The general course of the river is S. and S. W., receiving tlie largest and most voluminous of its constituents from the East Mountain country. In about lat. Soothe Eio Gila meets it, and flieso two rivers onler the Gulf through a common estuary. The topograpliy of the country through which the Colorado passes is as yet little known ; but it is averred by those who have traversed the country, that the streams are navi- gable for hundreds of miles, and that the country is one well adapted to the support of a dense population. iLs agri- cultural capacities being equal to the finest lands of tlio States east of the Cordilleras. Along the banks of the river arc found numerous ruins of cities, attributed to the Aztecs, and which in their architecture discover a high state of civilization in the builders. At the present day the whole region h a wilderness, inhabited only by the wild Indian. CoLiutADO river, Tese.: one of the great rivers of the country, extending from its source in the (Juadalupe Mountains, in an E. and S. E. direction to Matagorda Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of about 600 miles. It is navigable to Austin City for small ste;unbo,^Ifl, and is capable of great improvcmi'nts in its whole ItTiirih. At and near iU mouth it is obstructed by rafts. About 3 m. above Austin, a rocky ledge extends entirely across tlie stream, and obstructs navigation. The river has worn in this ledge 130 COL COL many deep, narrow channels, through which the water rushes with the velocity of a mill-race. The current of the river is usually rapid throujrhout, and the waters quite limpid and pure, but when swollen by heavy rains, they sweep down immense volumes of red mud, sand, and silieious pebbles, from which fact the name Colorado has been derived. The country along the banks of this river is now thickly settled by farmers chiefly from Germany and other European States. The German settlements are models of economy and scientific forming. CoLossE, p. 0., Oswego co., K Y. : 123 m. V>. N. "W. Albany. CoLQuiT, p. v., Montgomery co., Gu. : 77 m. S. S. E. Millcdgeville. Colt's Neck, p. v., Monmouth co., -K Jor. : 82 m. E. Trenton. A place of considerable business. THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The District of Columbia, the seat of the Government of the United States, originally occupied a square of ten miles, on both sides of Potomac Kiver, and comprised portions of Virginia and Marjiand, ceded to the United States for the use of the federal government. In 1S46, however, that portion of the Territory south of the river was retroceded to Virginia, and hence the present territory lies altogether on its north bank, and contains only CO square miles. The Maryland act of cession was passed on the 23d December, 17SS, and that of Virginia on the 8d December, 1759. Subsequent acts were passed by these States confirming tlic location. This District was established in pursuance of a clause of the Constitution of 17S9 (Sec. vm. — 17), which declares that Congress shall have power "to exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whaL-^oever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square), as may by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States:'' and further, in pursuance of an Act of Congress, approved 16th July, 1790, which declared "that a district of territory, not exceeding ten miles square, to be located as hereafter directed, on the river Potomac, at some space between the mouths of the Eastern Branch and Coneeocheague, bo, and the same is hereby accepted, for the permanent seat of the Government of the United Statea; and that the President be authorized to appoint three Commissioners to survey, and by proper metes and bounds define and hmit, a district of territory under the hmitations above mentioned." By a proclamation of the President, dated 80th March, 1791, the following were defined as the boundaries of the territory : " Beginning at Jones' Point, being the upper cape of Hunting Creek, in Virginia, and at an angle of 45 degrees west of the north, and running in a direct line ten miles for the first line; then beginning again at the same Jones' Point, and running another direct line, at a right angle with the first, across the Potomac, ten miles, for the second line ; then from the terminations of the said first and second lines, running two other direct lines of ten miles each, the one crossing the Eastern Branch and the other the Potomac, and meeting each other in a point." The diagonal Hnes of this square run north and south, east and west, and, consequently, its angles are formed at the cardinal points. The District of Columbia, as now demarked, contains only one county, that of Washington ; and in this are compriseil the cities of "Washington and Georgetown, and what are denominated the country parts. The statistical condition of this county, etc, in 1S50, as exhibited in the census of that year, is as follows; civil Divisiona. Washington City, 1st "Ward Dwelling 940 Families. .... 991 .... i.ne^i Poi'ulation. 5,.'>l;5 Farms. Mamir. 10 « 2d " 1,057 6.934 72 " Sd " i)S2 1,216 .... 982 .... .... 1,216 .... .... 769 .... .... 661 .... .... 892 .... 6,679 ., 5.90S .... 5 .... .... 116 " 4th " 8,780 .... 4,137 .... .... 4 .... .... 101 " f,th " 716 .... 21 " 6th " 645 8,714 .... 4,9S5 .... 20 .... .. . 17 " Tth " 7*9 .... 18 Total 6,345 . 40,001 . 29 ... .. 856 Gcorcctov.n, N. W. part " other parts Total 461 .... 713 1.1T4 . . . 223 .... 4S2 .... .... 73-3 .... .... 1,213 .... 222 8,329 6.017 .... 6 .... 3 .... 9 50 S,366 .... 9 .... 69 Country — ^E. of Turnpike. . . 1,956 1,364 .... 1.30 96 " w. " 176 . . . 176 13 S9S 7,i)17 .... SOS .... .... 6,292 .... .... 3,321 .... 81,SS7 Total Orand Total .... 220 .... 264 .... 12 .... 427 The following exhibits the caste and sexes of the population in the several civil dixisions : \Vtiit« I'eraons. Free Colored. Sl.T ■Washington, 1st Ward. " 2d " " 3d " . " 4th " . " 5th " " Olh " . " 7lh " . Total.... other parts 1 ,'>79 51 ale. Ff:iiale. Totnl. Mule. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Ac'ia Poi.ula. 1,C09.. .. 1,S98.. .. 2,502.. .. 746.. ..1,044.. ..1,790.. .. 90.. .. 101.. .. 261.. .. 5,643 2,4.32.. .. 2,699.. .. 6,081.. .. 003. .. 938.. ..1,541.. ..107.. .. 265.. .. 802.. .. 6,934 2,845.. .. 2,401.. .. 4,746.. .. 853. .. 628.. .. 881.. .. 83.. .. 198.. .. 281.. .. 5,903 3,491.. .. 8,409.. .. 6,900.. .. 547. .. 78S.. ..1,835.. ..201.. .. 844.. .. 545.. .. 8,780 1.262.. .. 1,458.. .. 2,720.. .. 491.. .. 668.. ..1,1.69.. .. 90.. .. 16S.. .. 2,68.. .. 4,1.37 1.GC4.. .. I,74i;.. .. .3.410.. .. 73. .. 09.. .. 142.. .. 62.. .. 100.. .. 102.. .. 8,174 1,775.. .. 1,7.31.. .. 8,606.. .. 549.. . . 67il . . ..1.223.. ..100.. .. 164.. .. 2.54.. .. 4,985 14,578.. ..15,237.. ..29,815 8,362 4,711 8,073 788 1,880 2,113 40,001 1,225.. .. 1,864.. .. 2,689.. .. 189. .. 262.. .. 432.. ..119.. .. 209.. .. 828.. .. 8,849 1,079.. .. 1,813.. .. 3..592.. .. 4.S7.. .. 041.. ..1,128.. ..123.. .. 274.. .. 897.. .. 6,01T Total. 2,904,... 8,177.... 6,081.... 667.... 698. ...1,560... .242.... 793. THE DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA. White Persons. Free CKiteJ. S;aTe. Civil Divisions. Coimtrj' — E. of Turnpike . . " W. " 5S2. Female. Tot.il. .. 5(lfi.... 1,17S. .. 40a.... 953. Mnie. Female. Tolal. Male. Female. . 121.... 111.... 2.32... eW.... 2.52. , CO.... 48.... 108... 153.... 150. ToUil. i,,|.iil. , MG.... 1.956 , 303,... 1,3M Total 1,066.... 1.006.... 2,181.... 1^1. Grand Tolal. . .1S,MS. . . .19,4711. , , ,38,027 . . . .4,210. 1.5'.).,,, 8-10,.. 447.... 402.... 849.... 8,320 i,7C3. , , ,9,973. . .1,422, , . .2,2G5. . . .8,0s7. . . .51,ftST Date of Census. ISOO... ISIO,,, 1S20.,, 1S30... 1S40.., 1850... DECENSIAl MOVEMENT OF rOPULATION Wl.ite Free ( v.l. 10,000 7^3 , 10,070 2,S49 22.014 4.043 27,503 0,162 30,057 8,361 38,027 9,973 Total ."il.ive. r.ijiula, 3,'>44 14,093 5,395 24,023 0,077 33,039 0,119 80,8*1 4,694 43,712 3,687 61,087 or if the County of Alexandria bo included in llio rcturaa for 1860— and sucli, for comparison with former returns, will be necessary— tlie figures are as follows : 45,240 11,386 5,009 01,095 'The number of persons in the District suffering from physical infirmities was, in 1S50, as follows : Wliite Persons. Infirmities. Mai Deaf and dumb 7 BUnd T Insane 10 Idiotic 3 Total. Female. .... 9 , .... T .... 8 .... 4 23 14 8 . 4 . 1 .10 Male. ,. 1 . .. . .. 1 . .. , Female, 1 1 Total of all Clares. ,, 21 ,, 23 ■>2 The employments of the District embrace almost every branch of national industry. Its manufactures and commerce are extensive, and its agriculture, though confined chiefly to the production of eity-market products, is in a highly flourishing condition. In relation to these subjects, the census of 1850 supplies llie following returns : Occupied Zattds, etc. — Improved lands, 10,267 acres, and unimproved lands, 11,187 acres, valued at $1,730,400, Number of farms, 264, Value of farming implements and maeliinery, $40,320, Livestock, — Ilorses 824, asses and mules 57, miich cows S13, working oxen 104, other cattle 123, sheep 130, swine 1,635— valued in the aggregate at $71,04.3. AgricitUural Products. — "Wheat, 17,370 bushels; rye, 5,509: Indian com, 05,2-30; oats, 8,184; barley, 76; buckwheat, 878: peas and beans, 7,754; Irish potatoes, •^8,292; sweet potatoes, 8,497 bushels; tobacco, 7,800 pounds: hay, 2,279 tons; clover seed, 8 bushels; bops, 15 pounds; wine, 803 gallons; value of the products of orchards, $14,813; and of market-gardens, $67,222 : beeswax and honey, 550 ; wool, 526 pounds; butter, 14.872 pounds; cheese, 1,500 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered, $9,038, Value of home-made manufactures, $2,075, Man i/;ac?t;)'C*— Aggregate capital invested, $1,000,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc, consumed, $1,000,000 ; average number of hands employed, 1,000; males 500, and females 500; average monthly cost of male labor, $10,000, and of female labor, $5,000 ; annual value of products, $1,000,000, The wliole number of manufacturing establishments, producing to the v,alue of $600 and upward annuall.v, was 427, and of these one was engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods, one in that of woolen goods, and two in making castings of iron — the remainder being distributed to a variety of handicrafts. The statistics of the specified manufactures were as follows : Cotton. 4 Woolen, Capital invested dollars. . Value of raw materials '* Hands employed, males number. . " females " Average monthly wages dollars . . Value of products " Cotton consumed bales Sheeting, etc,, produced yards , , . Wool " pounds.. Cloth, m.anufactured yanis . . . Pig iron Mineral coal Castings made tons 8,VII10 700 67,000 1,630 41 2 103 1.4n0 10O,O(,0 9i;o , 1,400,000 Cast Iron. .. 14,000 .. 18,100 27 CO 2,400 41,696 6.000 10,000 ,545 SO 613 Commerce, Tntenml Cmnmunication, rfe.— The foreign commerce of the District is limited. In the year enjling 30th June, 18,50, the exports and imports were as follows: Exports—domestic produce— in American vessels, $72,17.); in foreign vessels, $8,213: tot;il domestic produce, $80,888; foreign proiliicc— in American vessels, $200: tt.Uil exports, $S0,58S. Imports— in American vessels, $59,219 ; in foreign vessels, 600 : total, 59,81 9— balance in favor of exports, $20,709. The number of vessels entered during the yetir was nine, of an aggregate burden of 1,414 tons ; and lite number cleared, ten vessels, of 1 ,720 tons. Of the vcs.scls entered, two, and 164 tons, were foreign, and of those rleareti, two, and 200 tons— the remainder lieing American. Georgetown is the only port. Alexandria, forineriy a district city, lias eight times the amount of foreign commerce, owing probably to its being the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio CanaJ. COL COL The tonnage owned within Ihe District is 1T,010 tons, of whicti 2,796 is registered, and llie remainder enrolled and licensed, nnd employed iu the coasting trade and on the canal. The steam marine measures 1,9-19 tons. During the year 1849-50, there were built S sloops and canal boats of 2SS tons burden. The District is connected with the interior by numerous fine turnpikes, and by railroads diverging from the neighbor- hoc^ on both sides of the Potomac, and also through that river and its several branches. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal has its terminus at Georgetown, and extends to a western terminus at Cumberland, to which point and along the whole line of its route an active commerce with the District is carried on. The railroads of the District are the Wsishing- ton Branch K. li., connecting it with Baltimore, and the "West and South; and diverging from Alexandria, which is virtually a i>art of the metropolis, are the Orange and Alexandria li. K. (which connects at Gordousville, its S. terminus, with the Virginia Central R. R.) ; and the Manassas Gap R. R., which extends into the heart of elevated valleys beyond the first ridge of the Alleghanies. These avenues open to the national capita! a respectable sphere of commerce, aud when completed will be the means of greatly enlarging the trade and general interests of the place. Government, etc. — The govenmicnt of the District is vested solely in Congress. It has no representation, nor any voice in Ihe election of federal officers. The only fundamental laws, beyond the Constitution of Ihe United States, to which its govern- ors are subject are those which were in force in Maryland at the period of the cession of the jurisdiction of that State in 17SS. ■WAsntNGTON and Geokqetown are the cities of the District: these are described under their proper captions. CoLTTMni-v county, Flor. Situate N., and contains 2.400 sq. m. Drained E. by creeks of St. Mary*s and St. John's rivers, and W. by tributaries of Suwanee r., which forms its boundary in that direction. It contains several small lakes and springs, the sources of its streams. Surface gen- erally level, covered with pines, and in many parts swamp3'. Okeflnokee Swamp ext-ends from Georgia into this county. The soils are sandy and mostly unfit for cultivation, but 'here are exceptions. Farms 47-5; manuf. S; dwell. 569, and pop.— wh. 8,541, fr. col. 1, si. 1,266-tota! 4,S0S. Cap- ititl: Alligator. Columbia county, Ga. Situate E., and contains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and other tributaries of Savannah r., which rise on its N. E. border. Surface undulating, and soils generally fertile. The chief products are cotton, In- dian com, and other grains. Gold is also a production of the county, but in no large quantities. Farms 4S9 ; manuf. 7; dwell. 751, and pop.— wh. S,617, fr. col. 72, si. 8.27*3— total 11,901. Capital: Appling. Public Works: Georgia E. E. CoLiTMBiA county, N. Y, Situate E. between Hudson r. .T,nd the State line of Massachusetts, and contains 624 sq. m. Drained by Kinderhook, Claverac, Copake, and other creeks of Hudson r. Surface varied, chiefly consisting of two longitudinal valleys; soils highly fertile. Pino, hickory, oak, maple, elm, and chestnut are the principal forest trees. Iron, lead, manganese, zinc, marble, and other building stone are abundant. Mineral springs, sulphurous and chalybeate, are found in Lebanon and Stockport The county has great facilities for conmicrce, and in manufac- tures has made great progress. Its agricultural products are the cereals, potatoes, butter, cheese, and wool. Farms 250; manuf. 20S; dwell. 7,029, and pop.— wh. 41,771. fr. eol. 1,S02— total 43,073. Capital: Hudson Citj^ PuhlicWorl-fk: Hudson River E. E. ; Harlem R. R. ; Albany and West Stockbridge (western) R. R. ; Hudson and Berkshire R. R. ; Lebanon Springs R. E., etc. Columbia eounty, Penn, Situate N. E. centrally, and contains 6S0 sq. m. Drained by Fishing, Cattawissa, Big Roaring, and other creeks of the E. branch of Susquehanna r., whicli traverses it from N. E. to S. "W. Surface broken and uneven, wooded, and the soils generally fertile, pro- ducing the grains in great abundance. Iron and eoal un- derlie the greater part of the county and have been worked successfully. PotIcr*s earth is also found. Farms 1.179; manuf. 201 ; dwell. 2,924, and pop.— wh. 17,607, fr. eol. 103 —total 17,710. Ctqntal: liloomsburg. Pti7jli<; Worlrs : North Branch Canal and CatLiwissa R. R., etc. CoLUMRTA county, Wise. Situate centrally, and contains 796 sq. m. Drained by the Neenah or Fox r. on the N., hy "Wisconsin r. on the W., and a brant^h of Rock r. on tho S. E. The Neenah and "Wisconsin here approximate each other closely, and their navigation is united by means of a canal cut tlirough Winnebago portage. The surface is level prairie interspersed with groves, and the soils are exceed- indy fertile. Farms 8SS; manuf. 24: dwell. 1,853. and 142 pop.— wh. 9,547, fr. col. IS — total 9,5G5. Capital: Fort Winnebago. Public Worlcs: Portage Canal. Columbia, p. v., Henry co., AUt. : on the E. side of Chat- taliooc4iee r., 100 ra. S. E. Montgomerj'. Columbia, p. v., and cap. Chicot eo., Ark. : on the isthmus between the Mississippi r. and Old Elver Lake, 143 ra. S. E. Little Rock. It is a pleasant v., with 7 or S stores, and about 300 inhabitants. The whole country round is one cluster of cotton plantations. Columbia, t. and p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : 21 m. E. S. E. Hartford. Drained by a branch of Willimantic r., which aflV)rds water-power. Surface uneven, and soils gravelly — well adapted to grazing. It has but few manufactures. Pop. 2,041. Columbia, p. v., Fayette CO., Ind. : on Garrison's cr. of White Water r., about 3 m. W, of the latter, and 51 m. £. S. E. Indianapolis. Columbia, p. v., and cap. Whitley co., Ind. : on the N. W. side of Blue r., 105 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. It is a flourishing v. aud has aboftt 600 inhabitants. Columbia, p. v., Monroe co., III. : 97 m. S. by W. Spring- field, and 13 m. S. of Illinoistown on the Mississippi r. Columbia, v., Wapello eo., la. : on the N. side of Des Moines r., 61 m. S. W. by W. Iowa City. Columbia, p. v., and cap. Adair co., Ky. : on Russell's er. of Green r., 79 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. Pop. 600. Columbia, p. v., and cap. Caldwell par., La. : on the W. side Wachita r., 124 m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. It contains the county C. II. and about 200 inhabitants. Columbia, t. and p. v., Washington co., 3fe. : in the S. part of the co., 112 m. E. by N. Augusta. Pleasant River Bay sets up to its S. border, and the river itself passes through the t., furnishing excellent mill sites. Its trade is consider- able, particularly in lumber. The v. is located at the head of tide water, on Pleasant r. Pop. oft. 1,140. Columbia, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Midi. : on North Raisin r., 45 m. S. S. E. Lansing. The t. is well drained by numerous lakes and streams, and is one of the most flourishing in the county. Pop. 1,140. Columbia, p. v., and cap. Boone co., 310.: on the W. side of Hinckson's brancli of Rochperee r., a tributary of Missouri r., 27 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. Columbia, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Miss. : on the E. side of Pearl r., 77 m. S. S. E. Jackson. Columbia, p. v., and cap. Tyrrell co., N". Car. : on the E. side of Scoupernong cr., 3 or 4 m. from its confluence with Albemarle Sound, and 16S m. E. Raleigh. Columbia, t. and p. o., Coos co., K. Ilamp. : on the E. side of Connecticut r., 108 m N. by W. Concord. The sur- face is uneven and mountainous, and has several rapid creeks flowing to the Connecticut. There are .also several small ponds in llie t., on the banks of one of which, Lime Pond, vast quantities of shells are found, from which lime is made. Pop. 762. Columbia, t and p. v., Herkimer co., N. Y. : about, 10 m. S. of the village of I'lerkimer, and 63 m. W. N. W. Albany. COL COL The t. 13 ilrainLHl by Ihti liead streams of Ihc Unaililla and Susquehanna rivers, and by creeks flowing N. to the Mo- hawk r. Pop. 2,001. Columbia, p. v., "Warren co., ^V". Jer, : on the E. side of Delaware r., at (he mouth of Pauliu'a Kill, 53 m. N. N. "W. Trenton. Columbia, L and p. o., Ilamilton co., Ohio: on the N. side of the Ohio and Little iUami r., 6 m. E. Cincinnati and 96 m. S. W. Columbus. The Little Miami R. R. traverses its S. border in the valley of the river. Pop. 2,410. Columbia, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. : on the E. bank of Susquehanna r., over which there is a bridge 5,(500 feet long, resting on stone piers. It is connected with Havre de Grace by the Tide "Water Canal, and the Philadelphia and Columbia E. R. passes Ihrnuirh it iind branches oflT to the N. W., to a junction willi th^ Laneasler and llarrisburg R. R. It has considerablo trade with Rahinmrc aiiri Phila- delphia. The borough eonlaiiis a to^vn hall, Jail, 13 church- es, and a number of ofiier public buildings; and it is sup- plied with water, through pipes, from some springs in the vicinity. The "C. Spy" is published weekly. Pop. 4,.'540. Columbia, p. city, and cap. Richland dist., *S'. Oir.y and capital of the State : on the E. side of Congaree r, imme- diately below the confluence of its constituents, Broad and Saluda rivers, in lat. 83° 57', and long. 81° OT' W., 500 m. S. by W. Washington. The r. is here open to light draft navigation. The city is built on an elevated plain of about 3 or 4 miles in extent— the descent sloping in all directions gradually. It was founded in ITS", and is laid out on the rectangular plan, the streets crossing each other at right angles, and 100 feet wide. The principal buildings are the State House, tho county buildings, market house, banking houses, academies, and churches. The State House, in the central part of the city, is ITO feet long and 60 feet wide, two stories high. Columbia is also the seat of the South Caro- lina College, founded in 1804, and which, in 1850, had 8 professors and 195 students, and a library of 17,000 volumes. The college buildings are very extensive and of brick, sur- mounting one of which is a fine observatory, which posses- ses apparatus of great value. Tliis institution is under the patronage of the State. The Southern Theological Sem- inary is also located here. It is a Presbyterian institution. and in 1850 it had 6 professors and 82 students, wilh a li- brary of 4,600 volumes. The dwelling houses are chiefly of wood, but there are several built of brick in a style of elegance becoming the capital of the State. Tlie city is suiJpIied with pure water from springs, raised by steam- power, and distributed through iron pipes. The high situ- ation tho city occupies contributes greatly to the health of the inhabitants, and also affords an extensive view of the surrounding scenery, which is chiefly a cotton and com re- gion, in the highest state of culture. Columbia has three daily and two weekly newspapers — the dailies are, the "State Rights Republican" (dem), the "South Carolinian" (dem.), and the "Telegraph" (indep.), the last two of which issue also tri-weekly and weekly editions; and the weeklies are the "Palmetto State Ran - ncr" (dera.), and the "South Carolina Temperance Advo- cate." The city has also considerable manufactures, which have been altogether initiated within the past decade, and its trade and commercial connection has greatly advanced since the completion of the lines of railroad diverging in all directions tVom tliis the chief railroad centre of the Slate, and when the system proposed for South Carolina shall have formed junctions with the lines of the surrounding Stales, me commcrci;d prosperity of this city will be inde- finitely enhanced. The railroads now centering in Colum- bia are— the Columbia Branch of the South Carolina P.. R. : the Charlotte anro- fessors, 26 students, and a library of 2,500 volumes. Two newspapers, tho "Tennessee Democrat" (dem.), and thp "Maury Intelligencer" (whig), are published weekly; and the "Guardian" (literary), monthly. The public buildings are the C. H. and county jail, and the village also contains several stores and about 1,600 inhabitants. The railroad from Nashville ?;?'(/■ Florence, etc., to Jackson and New Or- leans, will pass through or near this place. Columbia, p. v., Brazoria co., Tex.: on the W. side, of Brazos r., 33 m. from the gulf, and 154 m. S. E. Austin City. It is a flourishing village and enjoys considerable river trade. Pop. 360. Columbia, p. o., Fluvanna co., Virg. : on the N. side of James r., where it is joined by tho lUvanna r., 40 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Pop. 300. Columbia Centre, p. o., Licking co., Ohio: 3^3 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Columbia City, p. v., Clark co., Ore(/. Tcr. : on the N. bank of Columbia r., 57 m. N. Salem. It has good prospects of becoming one of Ihc commercial places of future Oregon. CoLii^BiA Ceoss Roads, p. o., BradOirJ co., Pf-nn. : Vl'2 m, N. by E. llarrisburg. Columbia Fuenace, p. v., Shenandoah co., Virg.: 112 m. N. W. Richmond. Columbia (or Oeegon) river, Oreg. Tei\ : is the great river of the country, and the recipient of all the other rivers of the territory, having their origin eastward of the coast range of mountains. Its N. branch rises in the Rocky Mountains in about 50° N. lat. and 116° W. long., and thence pursues a N. route to near M'Gillivray's Pass. Here the river is 3,600 feet above the sea-level, and, receiving Canoe r., it then turns S., and in its course to Fort Colvillc it successively takes up the waters of numerous tributaries, the chief of which are the Kootanie, or Flat Bow, an4. Concord, p. v., Callaway co.. Mo. : at the head of Aax Vases r., 31 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. 14fi CON CON Concord, j>. v., and cap. Cabarras co., J^. Car. : on tHe W. side of Cig Cold Water cr., a branch of Kocky r. of llie Yadkin, 102 m. "W. S. "W. Raleigh. It ia a considerable v. of some 400 inhabitants. CoNconD, t, p. v., and cap. Mcrriraac co., 2^. JIatnp., and cap. of the State: it lies on both sides of the Merri- mac r.. in lat. 43° 12' 29" N., and long. 71° 29' W., 474 m. N. E. "Washington. There arc five ponds in the town, the largest of wliich are Turkey Pond in the 6. W., and Long Pond in the N.W. sections, tUe outlet streams of which fur- nish extensive hydraulic power. The Contoocook r. joins the Mcrriraac on the N. line of the t, and forms at the junction the celebrated " D\iston'9 Island." The intervale lands of the Merrimac are very fertile, and highly cullivatod. Soon after entering Concord, the r. passes over Sewcll's Fall^, and thence has no natural obstruction until it reaches the falls at the S. E. extremity of the t, where is a vast water-power. Locks are here constructed, and boat navigation secured. The river is here about 100 yards wide, but during freshets the water rises 20 feet above the ordinary level, presenting to the eye a body of water a mile wide. There are hand- some bridges spanning the river. There are three villages in the t, the principal of which, and the seat of its chief business, is on the "W. side of the r., extending along it about 2 m. The State House, Court House, State Prison, and other public buildings are in this v. The State House occupies a beautiful site in the centre, and is constructed of hewn granite. It is 126 feet in length, 49 feet in width, and with a projection in the centre of 4 feet on each front. The cost of the building was $S0,000. The State Prison is also a massive granite building, 70 by 36 feet, surrounded by a high stonewall. Tbe second principal village isatSewaU's Falls, and the other in the W. part of the town. Concord, originally called Penacool; was granted by Massachusetts to a company of settlers, 17th Jan., 1725, and the settlement was begun in the following year. In 1733 it was incorporated nnder the name of Rumford, which name wa.s changed in 1765 to Concord. Tbe population in 1775 was 1,052 ; in 1 TOO, 1,747 ; in 1800, 2,052 ; in ISIO, 2,393 ; in 1820, 2,83S; in 1830, 3^727; in 1S40, 4,897; and in 1850, 8,584, its progress during the last decade having been stim- ulated by the development of its manufacturing facilities and the extension of the railroad system centering within it. Concord is now, indeed, one of the chief seats of New En- gland industry. It has numerous large cotton factories, paper mills, boot and shoe shops, and a variety of other in- dustrial establishments. Its neighborhood also abounds in granite, which is exported. In the t. are also potteries, bill- ing mills, etc. ; and in the publishing business Concord has long been remarkably successful. In 1*50 four newspapers were published weekly, and one semi-monthly ; the weekly papers were, the " N. H. Patriot and State Gazette'' (dem.) ; the "N. H. Statesman" (whig) ; tbe "Indepen)2. CoNEWANGO, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., iVI Y. : on the cr. so called, 273 m. W. by S. Albany. Pop. 1,40S. CoNKw.vNCO crctk, i\''. T. : rises in Cbaulauque and Cattaraugus counties, and flows S. into Alleghany r.. receiv- ing the outlet of Chautauque Lake and other tributaries. It afTords good boat navigation in season of flood, and is a fine mili-stream. CoNGAEEE river, S. Cat: : is formed by the union of Broad and Saluda rivers, two fine sti*eams which unite immediately above Columbia, the State capital. The Congnrfe receives no large affluents, but about 30 miles S. E. of CoUmibia it is joined by the Wateree from the N. W., and tlienoe the united streams take the name of Santee, a river flowing to the Atlantic Ocean, which it reaches in about 33° 20' N. lat. CoNc.r.F-ss, t. and p. o., "Wayne co.," Ohio: in the N. W. corner of the co., S4 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. In the K. Killbuck cr., and in theW. the Muddy Fork of "Walhonding r. drain the surface, and afford fine mill-seals. CoNHocTON, t. and p. v., Steuben co., A'! Y. : on Conhoc- ton r.. 1S5 m. W. S.W. Albany. The Buffalfi, Corning, and New York K. K. jiasses along the valley. Pop. l.?92. CoNUOCToN river, N, Y. : 3i constituent of the Chemung, about 05 m. long. It is navigable for rafts in bigh water, and at all seasons furnishes extensive mill-power. Conine, p. o.. Licking co., Ohio : 33 m. N. E. Columbtis. CosKLiN, t. and p. o., Broome co., K. K ; on both side^ of Susquehanna r., 103 m. S. "W. Albany. The surface of the t. is hilly, but in the valley of the r. there are alluvial flats. The New Tork and Erie R. R. runs through the t., 220 m. from New York City. Pop. 3,232. CoNKLiK Centre, p. o., Broome eo., A^. Y. : 106 m. S.M'. Albany. CoNNEATTT, t and p. T., Ashtabula co., OMo: the most N. E. town of the State, on Lake Erie, 173 m. N. E. Colum- bus. Conneaut r. drains the whole surface, and at its mouth or harbor the village, a flourishing place, is eligibly situate for commerce, and owns many vessels engaged in the lake trade. The Cleveland, Painesville, and Ashtabula R. II. passes through it, connecting it with the sea-board and the far "West by continuous chains of railroads. Con- neaut has manufactures and considerable trade, and is destined to become an important commercial depfit. The "C. Reporter" is published weekly. P. of v. 817— I. 2,694. Connt;avtv:i LE, p. v.. Crawford co., Pejui. ; on the line of the Beaver and Erie Canal, 9S m. from Beaver, on the Ohio r., 38 m. from Erie, and 21G N. W. Ilarrisburg. P. 7S7. THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT. CoxxErTicrr, lying between Massachusolls and Long Island Sound, and extending from Ehode Island to New Tork, is till miles in lenstli from E. to W., and in widtli, fi-om N. tp S., from l!0 to 70 miles. It is situated between 41° and 42" (i'>' latitudes N., and between 71° 40' and 7.3° 4:r longitudes W. from Greenwich, or 3° 19' and 5° '22' E. from Washington. The contents of its superflees is estimated at 4.C74 sqtian: miles. .The aspect of the country is greatly diversifled b) hills and valleys. The Iiills are generally of a moderate size, an.l occur in quick succession, presenting to the traveler a beautiful and constantly-varying scenery. All the principal ranges are continuations of the mountains of the States lying nnrthward. The Ilotisatonic range enters the State in the north- west, and extends in a southerly direction aljng the Ilousatonic Elver lo the coast ; this is rather a succession of groups and eminences than a continuous range. The Green Mountain range, coming from Vermont and Massachusetts, passes through Uie State from N. to S., and terminates at West Eock, a bhitf 4(1 feet high, two miles N. W. of New Haven. Be- tween this and the Connecticut Eiver is the Mount Tom range, which, coming from Massachusetts, also traverses this State, and terminates at East EocK, 870 feet high, a little to the nortli-e.asl of New Haven. The Blue Hills in Soutliin'_'- ton, a part of this ranf'c have an elevatJoa of 1,000 feet, and are said to be the highest land within the State. On the K. ride of the (Connecticut is a fourth range, which crosses the river at Chatham and terminates at East Haven. The principal vallevs oC the Stole ore the Housatonic on the E., the Connecticut in the centre, ond the Quinnebaug in the E. The Valley of the Connecticut varies in breadth fnim 10 to 16 miles, ond extends northward from Middlclown, havin" in this State a length of about 30 miles. This is a rich agricultural district. The volleys.of the Quinnebaug and Housatonic hove also ferti/e soil, and produce fine crops. The scenery of the valleys is magniticent, and the landscapes varied and rom.antic. Many of the surrounding hills are cultivated like gardens to the very summit, while others are bald, or onlv supjjert .n few stunted trees and shrubs. The Farmington Valley extends from New Haven N. through the the State between tliC Green Mountains and the Mount Tom rouge, and is from three to five miles wide. In the hilly parts of the State the soils are of moderate fertility, and are generally aclcnowledged to be better fitted for grazing than seed-farming. *• Few of the streams are of much use to navigation, except in their lower courses. The principal is the Connecticut, which coining from the N., and pursuing a pretty direct southward course to Middletown, then suddenly turns to the touth-eos(, and so flows on to the Sound. There is a bar ot its mouth, hut vessels drawing ten feet of water con go up to Middletown. and those drawing only eight feet to Hartford. 60 miles fi-om the Sound. The navigation of the upper course of this river has been improved by means of locks and canals, which secnre boat navigation to the mouth of Well's Eiver, in Vermont. The Eiver Tunxis, or Farmington, is the principal tributary of the Connecticut in this State ; it rises in the e::stem slope of the Green Mountains, in Massachusett.s, and runs to the S. as fiu* as Farmington, w'here it abruptly fhanges its direction to the N., until, breaking through the trap range, here colled the Talcott Mountiuns, it again flows srmtliwordly, ond joins the Connecticut opposite to East Windsor. The Ilousatonic rises in the western part of Massa- chusetts, and enters this State near the north-west corner, after which it runs in a southerly and south-easterly course to the Sound ; the first part of its course is broken by cataracts, and its entrance is barred against large vessels ; it has, how- ever, a sloop navigation for a distance of 12 miles. The Thames, formed by the junction of the Quinnebaug, the She- tneket, and the Tnntic at Nor\vich. empties itself into the Sound ot New London, ofler a navigable course of 14 miles. .Ml these Rlreoms and numerous smaller ones, ore applicable as motive power, and, besides turning almost all the ma- 4hinery of the State, ore highly favorable to the fertility of the londs through which they pass. Scarcely is there a -ingle square mile in all the country but has one or more sparkling, -never-failing rills to refi-esh the soil and make it productive. The whole coast of the Stale lies upon Long Island Sound, which is .an extensive gulf or channel, being 140 miles in length and 2.5 miles wide in its broadest port It is somewhat norrow at its Atlantic or eastern entrance, but expands in the middle ; toward the west it gradually contracts, till it joins the harbor of New Tork by o narrow .-tnd crooked strait, colled the East Eiver. It admits of a free navigation throughout its whole extent for the largest shi|>s. but in the western stroit there was formerly a dangerous whirlpool, at a spot colled I tell Gate, where the current is contracted by the rocky shores, and at certain seasons of the tide the navigationwas most hazardous. The obstructions, however, were removed by submarine 147 CONNECTICUT. blastings in 1S52. The northern shore of the Sound is deeply penetriited by numercua bays and creeks, affording excellent harbors. The harbor of New London is the best in the State — it is gpacious, deep, and not liable to be frozen over in winter. New Ilavcn harbor has not 60 great a depth. Sloningloa harbor is well protected by a breakwater, and the harbor of Bridgeport has similar iuiproTcments. These harbors tbrm so many starting-poluU of travel or internal trade to the New England States and Canada. Connecticut produces many valuable minerals. Iron ore of excellent quality and in great abundance, ia found in various parts. The copper-mines of Bristol and Plymouth are regarded by many as the most profitable now worked in the United States, not excepting the mines of Lake Superior. The most distinguished scientific man of the State, Professor Silliman, has expressed the confident opinion that they extend from Bristol, in a southerly direction, toward Hampden, for a distance of more than 30 miles, and that, if thoroughly worked, would be sufficient to give profitable erapU>yment to 80,UU0 miners. Ab-eady they furnish a large amount of ore. The Plymouth mines are equally rich. The vein here runs from east to west, with a vertical dip, cutting the geological formation of the mountain at right angles, and forming what is termed a rake vein. The working of this mine is only now being commenced, but there is every indication that the code contained in the vein will yield a copper ore of as good quality and in as large a quantity as the mine now wrought at Bristol has ever produced. Copper also occurs at Granby, where it is found at the junction of the green-stone and new red sand-stone formations. Fine marbles, of different characters, are abundant; and free-stone, extensive quarries of which exist in the mountain regions, furnishes an excellent building material; Zinc, cobalt, and manganese also occur, and plumbago and some other metals of minor importance have been discovered at various limea and places. The mineral waters of Stafford have long been celebrated for their medicinal properties. The soils of Connecticut are generally good, but in some parts better suited to grazing than corn-growing. The Valley of the Connecticut has a strong and feiiilc argillaceous loam, varying in different sections frt>m a bard, stiff clay, to a ]i<'ht, sandy loam, according to the prevalence of argillaceous or silicious earth. In the eastern part of the State the prevailing soil is warm, strong, fertile, and excellent for grasses. The north-western part is in some places cold and sterile, but is generally a good grazing country. In the western part of the State are many fertile distriete. The climate and vegetation correspond nearly with those of Massachusetts, the climate differing only in being a little more temperate, and the season of growth in being earlier and somewhat more prolonged. The peach perfects its fruit in the southern portion of the State. The first census of Connecticut, on which any reliance can be placed, was that taken in 1750. and exhibits the then population at 180,011; in 1774,18 years afterward, it was 19T,S5li; and in ns'2 it was found to have increased to an aggregate of 209,150. Tlie first United Suites' census, taken in 1 790, gives the total at that date at 2yb,141, and from that period its decennial movements have been as exhibited in the following table : Date of AVliite ,— ' . TotU ^— ■■ — ■■ ^ Census. Persona. Free. Sluve. Po]i-4,;itton. Numerieal. Percent. 1790 2S2.5S1 2,801 2,759 2SS,1U — IROO 244.721 r>,380 951 251,002 12,361 5.4 ISIO 255,279 6,453 310 2C.2,042 11,040 4.4 1S20 207,101 7,944 91 275,202 13,160 5.0 1S30 289,608 8,047 25 297,075 22.473 8.1 1S40 301.S57 S,104 17 809,973 lanoS 4.1 1S50 863,305 7,4S6 370,791 G0,Si3 19.6 Of the total population in 1S50. there were persons deaf and dumb, 3=^9 ; blind, 1^2 ; insane, 462 ; and idiotic, 300 ; but in this enumeration are included those domiciled in the State hospitals, natives or resideiits of other States, sent into Connecticut for special purpose. The State is divided into S counties and 14S townships, and contains 6 cities and 12 boroughs; the counties are Fair- field, Hartfield, Litchfield, Middlesex, New Haven, New London, Tolland, and "Windham; the cities are Bridgeport, Hartford, Middletown, Kew Haven, New London, and Norwidi ; and the boroughs are Danbury, Es>>x, Guilford, Litch- field, New Britain, Newtown, Norwalk, Southport, Stamford, Stonington, Waterburj-, and "Willimantic. More equally in Connecticut than in any other State of the American Union, are the several great branches of national industry distributed ; and perhaps here, more than elsewhere, have the people a more direct interest in th2. The capital invested in looolen manufaelures was $3,773,950; wool used, 9,414,1110 pounds; value of all r.aw malciial, fuel, etc., j;3,825,709; hands cm- ployed— males, 2,907 (cost per monlh, $70,141), and females. 2.5S1 (*33,21fi); yarils of eloth maimfactured in the year. 9,408,777, valued at JC,4d5,21C ; and the follow ing table will exhibit the state of the iron manufacturing interest : Specillc.itinus. Capital invested dollars Iron ore used tuns Pig iron used ■' Blooms " Old metal " _ Mineral coal consumed " — CXike and charcoal consuiiu^d bushels 2,S70,iAi0 12,'),(W0 5m1,S00 35,400 — Value of all raw material, etc dollars.. Hands employed, males number. " feniales " Average wages per montli, males dollars. . . " *■ females '* ... Produels in the year ton.s Annual value of all produels dollars... BO.IiUO 351,:i«9 942 7 27.02 — .s.llO 1.542 11,210 . iVoMa 9.>1,400 . 2S9.225 14S 20.S0 ^'rou-ll^ I to . 529,500 7,0S1 l,l>t4 5.0i;2 7s3.(lllO Sos,7.so S74 81.59 ti,025 C07,5i;o The total capital invested in the iron mainifncture is thus, $1,835,900; the value of raw material, fuel, etc., $999,374: and the annual value of products, $2,004,500. The remaining employments of the aggregate number (3,913) are various, ami embrace all descriptions of hardware, cutlery, fire-arms, powder, paper, bools and shoes, and other manufactures. Couneetictit, indeed, manufactures every article known to commerce ami trade, from a needle or pin to the steam-engine and locomotive — together valued as before set down. The manufacturing industry of the State, however, is not all repre- sented in the census, only establishments producing to the value of $500 annually beiug those assessed ; but it is well known that Uktc are thousands of small shops throughout the cwmtry, which, though not noticed by the census, never- theless, in the aggregate, own a largo capital, and produce to a large animal aiiumnt — perhaps, indeed, these unnoticed establishments, if aggregated, would add one-third to the apparent extent of the manufacturing interest of the State. Foreign Commerce. — The direct foreign commerce of Connecticut, although the State enjoys raauy peculiar facilities for engaging in such, is comparatively of small C-vtenf. The exports in the year ending 30th June, 1850, were valued at $241,930, of which $068 was the v.alue of re-exports ; and the imports were valued at $372,390. This trade is chiefly with the British North American Provinces and the "West India Islands. The shipping employed in carrying the merchan- dise above represented, consisted of vessels entered 18S (34.1.52 tons), and vessels cleared 15G (27,817 tons). The amount of shipping owned in the State at the above named period was 113,0S5 totis, of which 42,511 tons was of the class registered, 6S,1S3 to&s enrolled and licensed, and the remainder vessels under 20 tons burden. Of the registered shipping, 11,4S3 tons were employed in the whale fisheries, and 31,028 tons in foreign commerce; and of the enrolled and licensed shipping. 5.249 tons were employed iu the cod fisheries, and 571 tons in the mackerel fisheries; the remaining em-olled, etc., shipping being employed in the co.nating trade. The fisheries are carried on from the port^ of Nov/ London and fetonington. The steam marine of the .State, all of which is employed in coasting, auiounteil to s.4.')5 tons. The shipping built in the year was 3 ships, 7 brig,% 27 schooners. 9 sloops, and 1 steamer — in all, 4,819 tons. The following table wdl exhibit the movement of foreign commerce in the State from 1791 to 1850 ; Y'Mr.*. Ki:t>(irt1. Im| 1791 JilCS-'iS $— 179-' 879.7.i3 — 1793 770.255 — 1794 812.705 — 1795 S19.4fi5 — 1798 1,4.52,793 — 1797 814..50S — 1798 713.128 — 1799 1,14;),81S — :S00 1.114,74:! — ISOl 1.446.216 — 1802 1,606,809 — 1603 1,284,571 — ISO-t 1»516,1I0 — 1805... 1806... 1S07... 1808... 1809... ISIO... 1,«:!.727 1.715,828 1,644,727 413,091 666,513 765.643 Vf;ir3. Exports. Imports. V<>;ir^. Frportfl. Iintrttt-s. 1811... ...$1,0.32,354 ... ... $ 1831.... .. $482.SSS ... $40.5.066 1812... ... 780,805 ... 1S32.... .. 4.30.466 ... .... 4.37.716 1813... ... 974.303 ... ISB.... .. 427.603 ... ... 8.52,014 1814.... ... 1,043,136 ... 1834 ... .. 422.410 ... ... 88.5,720 1815.... ... 3S3.1;?5 ... 1835.... .. 512.970 ... ... 4.39,.503 1810... ... 593.806 ... 1830.... .. 438.199 ... ... 408,163 1817... ... 604.139 ... 1887.... .. 532..590 ... ... 318,849 1818.... ... 577,5(U ... 1S?S.... .. 613.610 ... ... 84:!.3.31 1819.... ... 4.38,534 ... 1839.... .. S83.226 ... ... 440,191 1S20 . . . . ... 421.931 ... 1840.... .. 618.210 ... ... 277,072 1821.... ... 876,187 ... ... 812.090 1841 .... .. 609.84S ... ... 295,989 1822 ... 4S5.812 ... ... .507.094 1842.... .. 382,-392 ... ... 335.707 1823 ... 482,061 ... ... 456,463 18-13.... .. 807,223 ... ... 2.30,841 1824.... ... .'>7.5,S52 ... ... 581,510 1.844.... .. 800,016 ... ... 32.3.299 1823.... ... 689.270 .... ... 707,478 1845.... .. 969,055 ... ... 372.07S 1826.... ... 708,893 ... ... 730.194 1846.... .. 77.5,912 ... ... 413,478 1827.... ... .590,273 .... ... 0.30,004 1*^47.... .. 699,402 .... ... 275.,823 1828.... ... 621,.'>4.5 .... ... 485.174 1848.... .. 601.004 .... ... 229,310 1^2^.... ... 457.970 .... ... 309,538 14-9.... .. 204,000 ... ... 2.34,74.3 1880.... ... 359,511 .... ... 269,583 1850 .. 241,980 .... ... 372,890 Internal Commtniicctticyn.— The lines of travel nnd transpnrtatinn in Connecticut extend— oast and west directly through thelentrlh of the State, having tht-ir termini at New York and at Boston, and— north and soutli, stretcliing from Ihe ports on T-0112 Island Pound, aerofyi the country into Massachusetts', Maine, New Ilampf^Iiire, ami Vermont, and ulliDiately to the Western States, aud also into Canada. The oonneclions thus formed extend eeveral thousands of miles, 149 CONNECTICUT. and afford easy and expeditious routes of communication between the interior and sea-board. There are two Unea of railroad running in a direction east and west— the line composed of the New York and New Ilaven II. 11., and the New Haven and New London K. E., which, in connection with the Stonington E. E., and also with the Norwich and "Worcester E. E., forms the Southern route between the two commercial centres, Boston and New York ; and the Hartfonl, ProTidence, and Fisbkill E. 11., which will form a direct line through the middle section of the Slate, from Providence, E. I., to Fishkill on the Hudson Eirer, opposite the east terminus of the Erie E. E. The lines running north from the Sound ports are— the Norwich and Worcester E. E. ; the New London, "Willi man tic, and Palmer E. E. ; the New Ilaven, Hartford, and Springfield E. E. ; the New Ilaven and Northampton E. E. (on the old canal route) ; the Naugatuck E. E. ; the Uousatonic E. E., and the Danbury and Norwjdk E. E. There are also several additional railroads in progress or projected ; one of which, and the most important, is that designed to eflTect an air line route between New York and Boston. The common and turnpike roads of the State are proverbially good and well kept. The only canal of any length the State erer possessed, the Farmington Canal, has been filled in, and now forms the bed of the New Haven and Northampton E. E. JBmiA'Ji, ete.—ln April, 1S50, there were in the State 41 banks and 2 branch banks, the condition of which at that date was as follows: Liabilities— capiUi], ?9,907,503; circulation, $5.253,SS4: deposits, $2,357,939 ; due other banks. ?46S,76S; dividends unpaid, $37,372 ; eurplus fund, $753,054 ; earnings since dividend, $304,396, and other liabilities, $8S,9G1 ; and Asset^~\oa.ns and discounts, $15,007,315; real estate, $3S9.0S3 ; other investments, $396,035; due by other banks aud brokers, $1,637,411 ; notes of the banks, $245,349 ; specie funds, »$103.614 ; specie, $640,622. and expenses since dividend, $51,873. Total of balance sheet, $19,122,207. Connecticut had also 15 savings' banks, in which $4,746,093 was deposited by 32.966 individual depositors: the sums deposited in 1S49-50 amounted to $1,051,300. and the sums withdrawn to $719,898. The aggregate expense of managing these institutions was $10,^37 ; and the dividends made on sums deposited ranged from 5 to 7i per centum. The securities on which the credits are based are loans on real and peJsonal estate and stocks, and investments in bank stocks and bonds, etc. The Insurance Companies in the Slate comprised — 8 general stock companies, with an aggregate of capitals amounting to $1,400,000; 11 mutual general companies — capitals, $1,437,025 ; 6 life mutual companies — capitals, $1,400,000 ; 2 health companies — capitals, $203,175 ; and 1 life and health company — capital, $100,000. Goverjvrn-ent. — The charter granted in 1662, by Charles II., formed the basis of the government until 1S18, when the present constitution was formed. Every white male citizen of tlie United States, 21 years of age, who has gained a settlement in the State, has resided six months in his town, is possessed of a freehold of $7 a year in value, or has done milit;iry duty for one year, or has been excused therefrom, or has paid a Stale tax within tlie year, and who has a good moral character, may vote at all elections on taking the oath. Everj' voter is eligible to any office, unless it be expressly excepted. The general election is held on the first Monday of April annually. The legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and House of Eepresenta lives. The Senate is not to consist of less th.an IS nor more than 2S members — senators are chosen by districts of equal population, and by a plurality of votes, and in case any two candidates have an equal and highest vote, then the House of Eepresentatives shall elect one of them. Eepresentatives arc chosen by towns, and in the same manner as senators ; but in case of no candidate receiving a highest vote, the Senate chooses one as member from the two candidates having tlie highest. The legislature meets alternately at Hartford and New Haven, on the first Monday in May, yearly. The Governor exercises the chief executive power. He must be at least 30 years of age and have been elected by a majority of votes, and in case there be no choice by the people, one of the two candidates having the highest rote is chosen by the General Assembly on joint ballot. The Governor has power to grant reprieves, except in cases of impeachment, but not pardons; and ho may veto a bill, but a majority of both houses may pass it again, and it becomes law nevertheless. A Lieutenant-Governor {ex-officio President of Senate), Secretary of State, Treasurer, and Comptroller are chosen in the same manner as the Governor. All these officers are elected annually. Connecticut, under the law relative to tiie distribution of representives, has four members in Congress. The Judiciary of the State consists of a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, County Courts, etc. Tlie Supreme Court consists of a chief and four associate justices, and meets annually in each county. The Superior Court is held by one judge of the Superior Court semi-annually in each county. County Courts are held three times each year in the several counties by a judge elected annually by the legislature. Appeal lies from the County Courts to the Superior Court. Clerks of the County Courts are likewise clerks of the Superior Court and Supreme Court in their counties respectively. In all cases of libel, truth miiy be given in evidence. Sheriffs are chosen by the Assembly, and hold office for three years. Finances, rfc— During the year ending 1st April, lS5i\ the total receipts into the public treasury amounted to $122,347, and the expenditures to $llft.392. leaving a balance of $3,955. The chief sources of income were, from taxes, $73.5.")7; from dividends on bank stock, $37,053, etc. The principal expenses were, the expenses of legislation, $25,986; salaries, $14,150; contingent expenses of government. $15,399; judicial expenses, $49,002. etc. Connecticut has no absolute debt. The contingent debt amounted to $5S,212. The value of property belonging to the State otherwise than the School Fund, amounts to $406,000. % RdigiouH De7imni nations. — The statistics of the principal religious denominations, according to the returns made by each in 1850, were as follows: The Congregationalists had 267 churches, 206 ministers, and 35.158 communicants: the Baptists had 111 ehurclies, 89 ministers, and 16,230 communicants; the Protestant Episcopalians had a bishop, and 100 ministers, and 9,360 communicants ; the Episcopal Methodists had 148 ministers, and the other Methodist churche.'j S ministers; the Presbyterians, 5 ministers; the Unitarians, 4 ministers; the Eoman Catholics, a bishop and 9 priests; the Universalists, 14 preachers; the Second Advent Clmrch, 8 ministers; tho Christians, par excdl^7ice, 5 ministers; the Free-Will Baptists. 1 minister: the Jews had 2 synagogues and 1 rabbi. Ennl SfnfixticA.—Tho number of common school societies in the Stflto on the 1st April, IS-SO, was 217; of school districts, 1,649. and of children between 4 and 16 years of age, 92.055. The value of the School Fund, 2d Sept., as appears ft-om the biennial exhibit, was $2,076,602 75; and the amount of dividend for 1S50 was $137,419 51. or $1 50 for every enumerated child. The returns do not give the number of teachers, or their wages, or the lime during which schools are open, ut nly tho information above indicated. The Legislature, at tho session of 1849, appropriated $10.0110 for th sta lish'nent of a Sf^fe Xorwal Sc^iool, which is under the control of eight trustees, appointed by the General Assembly, one ft-om each county. The collegiate establishments of the State are: Yale College, Trinity College, tiiQ Wesleyan University, and the Theological Institute. Yale College is one of the oldest, most richly endowed, and 150 CON CON must extensively useful institutions of learQing iu llu; I'nitcd Statts. It was founded ia ITOI by the gentleman whose name it perpetuates. In 1S50 it had in the academieal department 4S2 students, of which 93 were of the seninr class, 91 of (he junior class, 122 of the sophomore class, and 12G of the freshman class— total, 432 ; and the number of students in Oieology was 3S, in law 26, in medicine oS, and in philosophy and the arts 21 — total in professions and the arts, 123. Grand total, 555. From 1702 to 1S50, the number of ^jraiiuatcs had been 5,932, of which 3,962 were livina:; and of the total 1,562 had been ministers of the gospel, of whom 724 were living in 1S5'>. The library of Yale College contains 49,000 volumes. Trinity College, an Episcopal institution, is located at Hartford. It was founded in 1S24, and in 1>50 had 9 professors, 66 students, and a library of 9,0U0 volumes. Its alumni counted at the latter date 257, of which 117 had taketi holy orders. The "Wesleyan University, at Middlelown, was founded in 1S31, and in 1S50 had 8 professors, 125 students, and a library of 11,123 volumes. Since its commencement it had graduated 327 students, and of these 126 had g' 'uc into the ministry. At Hartford is the Theological Institution of Connecticut, an establishment under the Congrega- tional churches, founded in 1S34. It liad, in 1850, 3 instructors. 17 students, and a library of 5,000 volumes. Its alumni counted 151. There are, besides the above, a large number of academies, and other descriptions of private schools, wliich, for eflicieney and cheapness, have few equals. There is also at Uartford the Connecticut Historical Society, which publishes its transactions at stated periods, Ciiaritable Institutions. — Connecticut, at an earlier period, and on a more extensive scale than any other of the States, commenced and completed institutions the object of which was the relief of those whom nature or accident had deprived of tJie use of senses or mental faculties. The principal of these institutions are the Eetreat for the Insane, and the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, both at Hartford ; and to these may be added the State l^rison at TV'Gthersfiekl. conducted on paternal and correctional, rather than vindictive, principles. The Retreat for the Insane was opened in 1S24 ; on the 1st April, 1S49, it contained 133 patients, and in 1S49-50, 135 were admitted, making 268 in all ; and . Conner's Mills, p. o., Cooper co., Mo. : 42 m. N. W. Jefferson City. CoNNERsviLLE, p. V., Harrison Co., Ky. : 42 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. CoNNEBsviLLE, p. V., aud cap. Fayetle co., Tnd. : on the W. side of the W. branch of White Water r., 54 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. It is an important place, being on the lino of the White Water Canal, and of the Junction R. E., the first connecting it with the places N. and S., and the latter with those E. and W. of it. Two newspapers, the " "White Water Valley" (whig), and the " Fayette and Union Chron- icle" (dem.), are issued weekly. The v. contains several large and substantial stores and warehouses, and is fully provided with churches and schools. The C. H. is one of the handsomest public buildings in the State. Pop. 1 ,396. Conn's Creek, p. o., Shelby co., I7id. : on the er. so called, 33 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Conn's cr. is a good mill-stream, and a tributary of Flat Rock river. CoNOCOOHEAOtTE, p. 0., Washington co., Md. : on a cr. of Potomac r. so called, 9 m, W. Hagerstown, aud 79 m. N. W. by W. Annapolis. CoKois, t. and p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : 83 m. S. W. Lansing. The t. contains numerous ponds, and is drained chiefly by tributaries of Battle or., which passes through its N. W. corner. Pop. 621. CoNOTEN, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: on Conoten ct. of Tuscarawas r., 98 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Conquest, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., N. K ; on the N. side of Seneca r., which in the S. W. comer of the t. divides and forms Rowland's Island. The surfaco is rolling. The v., 142 m. W. by N. Albany, contains about 80 dwellings and 200 inhabitants.. Pop. of tl,S63. CoNRAit's Store, p. o., Rockingham co., Tirg. : 97 m. N. W. Richmond. CoNsnoOToN, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. Consolation, p. v., Shelby co., Ky. : 26 ra. W. Frankfort. CONSTABLEVILLE, p. V., LcWlS CO., N. I^ .* OU a CF. Of Black r., 98 m. N. W. Albany. CoNBTANTiA, t and p. v., Oswego co., K. T.: on the N. side of Oneida Lake, 112 m. W. N. W. Albany. It is drain- ed by Scriba and other creeks flowing into the lake. The V. contains about 400 inhabitants. Pop. 2,495, CoNSTAN'HA Centee, p. o., Oswcgo CO., N. Y. : 110 m. W. N. W. Albany. Constantine. t and p. v., St Joseph co., Mich. : on both sides of St. Joseph's r., 83 m. S. W. Lansing. The v. is lo- cated on Fall er., and is in a very flourishing condition, with considerable commerce and inland trade. Pop. of U 1,494. Constitution, p. v., Washington co,, Ohio. Content, p. o., Bulwer co., MUs. : 123 m. N. N. W. Jackson. 162 Contentnia, p. o., Pitt CO., N. Car.: on Contentnia cr^ a tributary of Neuse r., 74 m. E. S. E. Raleigh. CoNToocooK Village, p. v., Merrinuic co., K, Uamp. : on Contoocook r., and on the line of the Concord and Clare- mont R. K., at the point of divergence of the Contoocook Valley R. R., 10 ra. from Concord. The water-power is here extensive, and a largo manufacturing v. has sprung up within a few years unital; Lewis- burg. CoNWAT, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Mam. : on. the S. W. side of Deerfleld r., 92 m. W. by N. Boston. The p. o. lies nuar the centre of the t. The manufactures of Conwar consist of cotton and woolen goods, leather, cabinet ware, etc. It has fine farming lands. Pop. 1,831. Conway, t. and p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : in the S. W. part of the co., 110 m. N. N. E. Augusta. The t. is drained by Molencas cr., a tributary of Matawamkeag r., and by several streams tributaries of the Penobscot, Conway, L and p. o., Livingston co., MicJi.: m tlic N. W. corner of the co., 24 m. E. Lansing. Conway, t. and p. v., Carroll co., K. Ilamp. : on Saco r., 56 m. N. N. W. Concord. Swift and Pequawkett rivers fall into the Saco within this t., and afford extensive mill- power. The ordinary dei)th of the Saco is here about 2 fi-et, with a rapid current, broken by falls, but in season of flood it has lieen known to rise 27 and even 30 feet in 24 hours. Magnesia and fuller's earth are abundant, and near the centre of the t. is a sulphur spring. The soils are very fertile. Conway village is a pleasant resort for travelers to the White Jlountains, and will, before long, be connected with the railroads to Boston by the Groat Falls and Con- way R. R. Pop. 1,T69. CoNWAYBOBOUGU, p. V., and cap. Horry dist., S. Car. : 108 m. E. by S. Columbia, on the W. side of Waccamaw r., which thus far is navigable for steamboats. The v. eon- tains the county buildings and about 200 inhabitants, and has some trade with the neighboring settlements. Conyeb's, p. o., Newton co., Oa. : on the line of the Georgia R. R., 141 m. from Augusta and 80 from Atlanta, and 62 m. N. W. Milledgeville. CoNYERsviLLE, p. T., Henry co., Term.: 89 m. W. Nashville. CoNYNCTnAM, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn.: 69 m. N, N. E. Harrishurg. Coocn'9 BitrDQE, p. o., New Castle co., Del. Cook county, III. Situate in the N. E., on Lake Mich- igan, and contains SS6 sq. m. Drained by Calumic, Chicago, aud Dcsplaines rivers. Surfaco low, lerel prairie, with coo coo timber groves and some swamps ; rises from the lake sh<:re. Sni]3 fertile. Farms l.Sbl ; manuf. 227 ; dwell. 7,674, and pop.— wh. 42,999, fr. col. 3Si3— total 43,3>^5. Capital: Chi- cago. Public Works: Galena and Chicago Union R. R. ; Cbieago and Rock Island R. R. ; Aurora Extension R. R. ; Chicago and Mississippi R. R. ; Norlhem Indiana R. R. ; Lake Shore R. R. ; Chicago Branch of Central R. R., etc. ; Illinois and Michigan Canal ; and numerous plank roads. Cook, p. v., Erie co., Penn. : 205 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Cooke county, Ttxp. Situate N., and contains about 4,600 sq. m. Drained by the head streams of the Trinitj' and Erazos rivers, and by creeks falling into Rod r., which bounds it on its N. side. Surface elevated and diversified, chiefly prairie. Soils fertile. Farms 25; manuf. 0; dwell. SS, and pop.— wh. 219, fr. cul. 0, sL 1— total 220. Capi- tal: CooKESviLLE, p. V., Caddo, par., La. : 226 m. N. "W. Baton Rouge. CooKUAM, p. v., Fairfield dist., S. Car. : on the line of Charlotte and South Carolina R. R., 17 m. N. Columbia. CooKSBUEGH, p. V., Albany co., J^. Y. : 2G m. S. W. Albany. Cook's Corners, p. o.,Erie co., Ohio: 99 m. N. Cohmibus. CooESETVXLLE, p. T., Crittenden co., iTi/. : 20S m. W. by S. Frankfort. Cook's Law Office, p. c, Elbert co., Ga. : 82 m. N. N. E. Milledgeville. Cook's Run, p. o., Clinton co., Penn. : S3 m. N. N. VT. Harrisburg. CooKSTowN, p. v., Fayette co., Penn. : 162 m. "W". by S. Ilarri.sburg. Pop. 972. CooKSTowN, p. v., Burlington co., N. Jer. CooKsvTLLE, p. T., Aune Arundel co., Md. : at the head of Catrtail branch of Big Patu.\ent r., 42 m. N. W. Annapolis. CooKsviiLE, p. v.. Rock CO., Wise, : on a branch of Cat- fish r., 21 m. S. S. E. Madison. CooKSViLLE, p. v., Noxubee co., Mias.: 112 m. E. N. E. Jackson. CooLBAccn's, p. 0., Monroe co., Penn.: 123 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Cool Spbixg, p. o., "Wilkinson co., Ga. : in the S. comer of the CO., 82 m. S. Milledgeville. Cool Spring, p. o., Jefferson co., Penn. : 132 m. "W. by N. Uarrisburg. CooLTiLLF^ p. v., Athens co., Ohio: on the W. side of Hocking r., near 4 rn. from its confluence with the Ohio r., S2 m. S. E. Columi)U9. Cool Well, p. o., Amherst co., Ytrg. : 100 m. W. Rioliiuond. CooN Crekk, p. o., Jasper co., Mo. : on the S. side of Coon cr., a branch of Muddy cr. of Neosho r., 136 m. S. "W. Jefferson City. CooNEWAN, p. v., Pontotoc CO., Zlisfi. : 157 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Coo>- Hill, p. o., Santa Rosa co., Floi: : 165 m. W. Tollahasiiee. Coox Prairie, p. o., Crawford co., Tl7*c. ; 76 m. "W. by N. Madison. Coon^'ille, p. T., Pottowattomee co., la. : 212 m. "W. Iowa City. Cooper county, 3/o. Situate centrally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Black r., Rio a la Mine, and Saline and Moniteau creeks, tributaries of Missouri r.. which makes its N. boundarj'. Surface undulating, and soils, very produc- tive. Indian corn and tobacco are the principal agricultural staples, and live-stock is raised in large numbers. Farms 1,064; manuf. 79; dwell. 1,717, and pop.— wh. 9,8-37, fr. col. 22,ftl. 3,091- total 12,950. CapiUil: Booneville. Puhlic Work«: Pacific R. R. ' Cooper, I. and p. v.. Washington co.. Me. : 127 m. E. N. E. Augusta. It ill drained by two small lakes and several j U ] streams emptying into Cobscook Bay. The surface is even ami the soils productive. Pop. 562, Cooper, p. v., Wayne co., Ohio : 73 m. N. E. Columbus. Cooper, t, and p. o., Kalamazoo co., Mich. : on both sides of Kalamazoo r., 56 m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 733- Cooper river, S. Car.: unites with Ashley r. to form Charleston Harbor, entering it on the E. side of the eily. .V canal, 21 m. long, unites Cooper with the Santee, and thus opens an extensive interior to Charleston. Cooper's, p. o., Franklin co., Virg.: 13S m. W. S. W. Richmond. CooPEnsRURG, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn.: 87 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Cooper's Gap, p. o., Rutherford co., N. Car. : 300 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Cooper's Mills, p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : on the Kennebec r., 13 m. S. Augu.sta. Cooper's Plains, p. v., Steuben co.. K. Y. : on the Buf- falo, Corning, anrl New York R. R., 3 m. from Painted Post and 16S m. W. by S. Albany. Cooperstown. p. v., au'i cap. Otsego co., A'. 5' ; at the outlet of Otsego Lake. 5S m. W. Albany. It is a neat ami tastefully built village, and is surrouudetl by scenery not excelled l)y any in central New York for beauty. Three newspapers, the " Freeman's Journal" (dem.), the *' Otsego Republican'' (whig), and the "Otsego DemrK-rat" (deni.), are published weekly. The manufacturing interest is oon- si13. Capitcil: Eockford. Coosa, p. v., Floyd co., Ga. : on the Coosa r., 146 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Coosa t'ixgt, Ahr. and Ga.: rises in Georgia and nms through the N. W. part of that State into Alabama, and S m. below Wetumpka unites with the Tallnpmtsa r. to form the Alabama. The Coosa is imvigaMe for steamboats to Wetumpka, and its whole course is about 240 mites. Coosawatcuif., p. v., and cap. Beaufort dist., S. Car. : on 158 coo COR tliL- W. bank of Coosawatcliio r., near its confluence with Broad r., !»' m. S. Columbia. It is a small v., being im- porlaut solely as tlio county scat of justice. CooSAWATTEE, p. v., Murray co., Oa.; on the N. side of Coosawattoc r., a constituent of the Coosa r., 142 m. N. W. Milledgeville. CopAKE, L and p. v., Columbia co., K T. : on the Mas- sachusetts State line, 47 m. S. b/E. Albany. The E. part of the t. is hilly— in the V. are several small lakes and An- cram r. The v. lies near the Harlem E. K. Pop. 1,652. CorAiiE lake, Columbia CO., iV. I^; a beautiful sheet of water, about 600 acres in extent. Its shores have a [;entlc declivity and aro highly cultivated. The waters are re- markably clear, and the bottom of the lake is composed of white s.'ind and gravel. CoPAx, p. v., Haywood co., Tain. : 146 m. W. by S. Nashville. CoPANO, p. 0., Eefugio co., Tex, : on Aransas Bay, op- posite to Aransas City Point, 162 m. S. by E. Austin City. It has a good harbor for small coasters and steamboaLs. CoPELAXD, p. o., Telfair co., Ga. ; on the N. E. side of Okmulgee r., 78 m. S. Milledgeville. CoPESHAGEN, p. V., Caldwell par.. La. : on the W. side of and 2 m. from Wachita r., 110 m. N. N. W. Baton Eouge. Copenhagen, p. v., Caldwell co., A' Ctir. : a few miles K. E, of the confluence of Lower cr. with the Catawba r., 1C2 m. VI. Ealeigh. CopENiiAGES, p. v., Lewis CO., y. T. : on both sidea of Deer cr., 120 m. N. W. Albany. It is a flourishing v., and engaged in manufactures. About half a mile below the v., on Deer cr., is a fall of 270 feet, nearly perpendicular. Cope's Mills, p. o., Jefferson CO., Ohio ; 123 m. E. by N. Columbus. Copi, p. o., Johneon co., la. : on the N. side of Clear cr, of Iowa r., 10 m. W. N. "W. Iowa City. Copiah county, J/m«. Situate S. W. centrally, and con- tains 936 sq. m. Drained by Bayou Pierre, the he.ad streams of HomoShilto r., and tributaries of Pearl r., which runs along its N. E. border. Surface flat and low. Soils various, chiefly sandy loam, producing cotton and com. Farms 9."1 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 11,43, and pop.— wh. 6,303, fr. col. n, si. 5,4Sii— total 11,794. Capital: GaUatin. PiMic }i'i>/'k^ : New Orleans and Jackson K. E. Copiah Creek, p. o., Copiah co., 3fl^x. : 29 m. S. Jackson. Copley, t and p. v.. Summit co., Ohio : on the N. side of Wolf cr. of Tuscarawas r., 102 m. N. E. Columbus. It has good water-power and numerous mills. Pop. 1,541. CopopA, p. v., Lorain CO., Ohio : on the E. side of Eocky r., lOS m. N. X. E. Columbus. Copperas Cp.eek, p. v., Fulton co.. III.: on a cr. of the Illinois r. so called, 49 m. N. N. "W. Springfleld. Copper Ckekk, p. o., Mercer co.. III. : on Copper cr. of Illinois r., 122 m. N. W. Sjjringfield. Copper Creek, p. o., Jackson co., la. : on a cr. of Ma- koqueta r. so called, 64 m. N. E. Iowa City. Copper IIabbor, p. v., Houghton co., Mich. : at the N. E. extremity of Keweenaw Point, a peninsula projecting into Lake Superior, in about ] 1° W. of Washington, and to 47° 30' N. lat The settlement has been formed as a dep6t for the mineral region in the neighborhood, and has already risen to importance. It has a good harbor and other advantages as a commercial settlemenL A railroad from Chicago is projected northward to the harbor, a direct distance of be- tween 400 and 500 miles. Copper Eldge, p. o., Hancock co., Term. : 208 m. E. byN. Nashville. Coral, p. o., M'llcnry co.. III. : about 4 m. S. E. of Mar- engo, on the Galena and Chicago Union E. E., and 173 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. Coram, p. v., Suflblk co., A''. T. : 122 m. S. E. Albany. It lies on the post road, between Smithtown and Eiverhearl. CoRiiETsvjLLE, p. v., Bfoomc CO., K y. : 103 m, S. W. Albany. 154 CoBDAViLLE, p. v., Worccster co., Mass. Cordova, p. v., Eock Island co.. III. : in the N. part of the CO. and on the Mississippi r., 132 m. N. by W. Springfleld. CoRnovA, p. v.. Grant co., Ki/. : 38 m. N. N. E, Frankfort CoREtr, p, V,, Genessee co,, JV, T. : 223 m. W. Albany. CoRixsA, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., 3Ie. : 46 m. N. N. E, Augusta, The t is watered by head branch of Sebasticook river. Pop. 1,560. CoEiNNA Ce-tthe, p. 0., Pcnobscot CO., Me. .• 4S m. N. N. E. Augusta. Coeisth, p. v., Heard CO., ffa. : on New r., a cr. of Chat- tahoochee r., 103 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. CoEiNTu, t. and p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : on both sides of Kenduskeag stream, 55 m. N. E. Augusta. Pop. l.GOO. Corinth, t. and p. o., Saratoga CO., H. Y. : on the S. W. side of Hudson r., 86 m. N. Albany. The p. o. is situate at Jessup's L.anding. Pop. of t. 1,.'J01. CoRi.vTB, p. v., Belmont co., Olilo : 110 m. E. Columbus. Corinth, t. and p. o,. Orange co,. Term. : 2S m. S. E. Montpelier. The t. is drained by branches of Wait's r.,* which furnishes water-power, which is used for milling purposes. Pop. 1,900. CoRSisn. t and p. o., Sullivan co,, 2^. Uamp. : on the E, side of Connecticut r,, 47 m, N, W. by W, Concord, Tlie t. is connected with Windsor, Verm., by a bridge over the F. The surl^ice is nneven, except on the r., but the soils are fertile. Along the streams flowing to the Connecticut there are numoroua mills, etc. Pop. 1 606. Cork, p. v., Ashtabula CO., Ohio .■ t56 m. N. E. Columbus, Cork, p. v,. Butts co,, Ga. : 47 m, W, by N, Milledgeville, Corner Gu.m, p, v,, Currituck co,, M. Car.: 102 m, E. by N. Ealeigh, Corners, p, o,, Windsor co,. Verm. : 67 m, S. Montpelier. CoRNEP,SDURG, p. v,. Mahoinng co., Ohio : 132 m. N, E. Columbus. It is a flourisliing v., and has about 800 in- habitants. CoRNERSvuxE, p. V., Marshall co., Miss. : 1S7 m, N, by E, Jackson, CoRNERSTiLLE, p. V,, Gilcs CO., Teiin. : in the N. E. comer of the CO., 51 m. 3. Njishville. Corn Grove, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : 97 m, N. X, E, Montgomery. Cornie, p. v.. Union co., ArJc. : 109 m. S. Little Eoek. Corning, p. v., Steuben co., K. T. : on the S. side of Chemung r., 166 m. W. S. W, Albany, It has a large num- ber of manufacturing establishments, and a newspaper, the " C, Journal" (whig), is issued webkly. The New York and Erie E, K,, which passes through the v,, is here intersected by the Corning and Blossburg E, E,, which extends S, to the bituminous coal region of Pennsylvania, and by the Buffalo, Coming, and New York E, E, Here, also, com- mences the navigable feeder of the Chemung Can.il, which unites with the Erie Canal by means of Cayuga Lake and the Cayuga and Seneca Canal, Its coal trade is verv ex tensive. Pop, 3,000. Cornish, p, v,, York co,. Me. : on the S, of Saco r, and its tributary, the Great Osaippee r,, 66 m, S, W. Augusta. Its soils are fertile and produce good wheat crops. Crock- ery and some other manufactures are engaged in, Cornish Flat, p. o,. Sullivan eo„ N. Hump.: near the centre of the t., 43 m. N. W. by W. Concord. CoRNnsnviLLE, p. v., Mercer co., Kij. : 29 m. S. Frankfort. Cornplanter, t. and p. o., Venango Co., Penn. : 1S9 m. N. W, Ilarrisburg, CoRNTiLLE, t, and p. 0., Somerset co,, J/a ,• on the Wcs- saransett r,, a stream of the Kennebec r,, 88 m, N, by E. Augusta. Cornwall, t, and p, r,, Litchfield co,. Conn. ; a hilly tract on the E. side of Connecticut r., 37 m. W. by N. Hart- ford. The V. lies about 2 m. from the r., and contains about 200 inhabitants. The Hnusalonic E, E. follows the valley of the r, through the t,, passing through the village of Coriiwall Bridge, etc. Pop, 2,041. II COR COT Cornwall, t. aud p. v., Orange co., X. Y.: on tlie W. side of Hudson r., S7 m. 8. Albany. The surface of the t. is hilly, and in part mountain, having on the N. Butter Hil! ond Crow's Kest, two noted peaks of the Uighlands. This is a romantic region, and contains the site of many historic scenes. "West Point is also in this town. The v. is situate at Ihe N. termination of the Uighlands, and contains about 2(0 inhabitants. Pop. 4,4T1. Cornwall, p. v., Lebanon co., Peym, : 37 m. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. CuB^"WALL, t. and p. t., Addison co., VerTU. : on the "W. side of Otter cr., 34 m. S. ^\. Montpelier. In the S. part of Uic t, there are swanipB covering a large surface. The liulland and Burlington R. K. traverses N. E. along the valley of Otter creek. Pop. 1.155. Corn-wall Bridge, p. o., Litchfield co., Conn.: 41 m. "\V. Hartford, on the W. side of the Uousatonic r., and on the line of Housatonic li. li. Cornwall Hollow, p. o., Litchfield co., Omn. : 3S ra. ■\V. by N. Hartford. Coen'walltille, p. v., Greene co., K. Y. : 29 m. S. W. Albany. Corpus CnniSTi, p. v., and cap. Nueces co., Te3\: on the neck of the peninsula between Corpus Christi Bay and jNueces Bay, 19S m. S. by E. Austin City. It is a place of considerable trade, and a regular line of steamships plies between it and New Orleans. Pop. 200. Corsica, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio : 42 m. N. by E. Columbus. Corsica, p. v., Jefferson co., Penn. : 132 m. W. N. "W. Harrisbury. CoRSicANA, p. v., and cap. Xavarro co., Tc-^r. : on the high jirairie, between Pecan and Ptichland creeks of Trinity r.. 122 m. N. N. E. Austin City. It has about 120 inhabit- ants, and the surrounding country is thickly settled by cot- ton planters. Cortland county, 271 Y. Situate centrally, and contains 500 sq. m. Drained by Tiougbnioga and Otzelic rivers, wliich afford extensive mill-power,'and in flood are naviga- Iil'.' for boats. Surface elevated, its N. boundary forming tlie watershed between Lake Ontario and the Susquehanna r. Soils a gravelly loam, intermingled with disintegrated lime and slate, and very fertile, yielding good crops of grain and grass. Timber is abundant. The manufactures are chiefly those of flour, lumber, cotton and woolen goods, leather, and potash. Farms 2,465 ; manuC 202 ; dwell. 4,5S0, and pop.— wh. 25,104, fr. col. 3G— total 25,U0. Capital: Cortland Village. Cortland, p. v., Eent co., Mic7t. : 54 m. W. by N. Lansing. CoKTLANT), p. v., Jackson CO., Tnfl. : on the W, side of Briffwood r., or the E. fork of "While r., 55 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Cortland, p. v., Newton co., Teoj. : 247 m. E. by N. Austin City. Cortland Village, p. v., and cap. Cortland co., A'l Y. : on W. -side of Tiougbnioga r., ITS m. "W. Albany. It con- tains the CO, buildings, a*veral manufactures, and many of the houses are elegant structures. The neighborhood is higldy cultivated. Pop. 1,600. The t of Cortland has 7,753 inhabitants. Corunn'a, p. v., and cap. Shiawassee co., JUcTi. : on the S. "W. side of Shiawassee r,, 2T m, N, E. Lansing. The r, Iiere ftirnishes a fine head of water, and works several mills. In the vicinity are foxmd coal, lime, and sand fit for glas.s manufactures. CoRw^N, p. v., Montgomery co., OMo: 74 m. "W. by S. Columbus. Corydon, p, T., and cap. Harrison co., Tnd. : on a level bottom between the forks of Indian cr,, 109 m. S. Indiana- ]ioIi)t. A newspaper, the "Harrison Gazette" (whig), is pid)li9hed weekly. As an inland v., Corydon has a respect- able amount of trade, and a population of 462 soida. Corydon, p. v., llend(_rson co., Ky. : Iho m. "W. Frankfurt. CoinTiON, p. v., "^'arren co., Ptmi. : 173 ra. N. "W. Harrisburg. CosGRovE Hail, p. c. Union co., Pcnn. : 43 ni. N. X. "\V. Harrisburg. CosnoCTON county, OJiio. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains G46 sq. m. Drained by Killbuek cr., Wiiite-wonian's cr., or Walhonding r., and Tuscarawas r., the two latter of which unite at Coshocton village, and form the Muskin- gum r. : these afford abundance of water-power. Surfnce uneven and hilly, but the hills are arable, and the soils everywhere fertile. Immense amounts of grain are cnlli- valed, and the amount of live-stock is large. Salt, biliuniu- oua coal, iron ore, and lead ore are found in the co. Farms 2,736; manuf. 15S; dwell. 4,-325, and pop,— wh. 25.030, fr. col. 44— total 25.074. Capital: Coshocton, Puhlic Works : Central Ohio R. R.; Ohio Canal ; Walhondiug Canal, etc. Coshocton, p. v., and cap. Coshocton co., O?tlo: on the E. side of Muskingum r., at the confluence of its con.stitu- cnls, the Walhonding and Tuscarawas rivers, 63 m. E. by N, Columbus. The v. is laid out on four terraces, each 9 feet above the other, the first three being 400 feet wide, and tim last about 1,000 feet; and the streets are at right angles wilh one another, dividing the v. into 36 blocks of 400 feet squan*, and each block into 8 lots. The v., however, has expnudid much beyond these original bounds, and the surrounding country is thickly settled. It contains a brick court housr. several churches, mills, and factories, propelled by bolli steam and water. Two newspapers, tbc' **C. Republican" (whig) and the " C. Democrat'* (dein.), arc published week- ly, and the *^ Practical Preacher," a religious paper, is pub- lished semi-monthly. Pop. &50. The Walhonding aiid Ohio Canal form a junction on the opposite side of the river. CosDTJXES river, Calif. : rises from the Sierra Nevada, in El Dorado co., and passes thence in a direction W. S. W. into Sacramento co., in it-s lower part, dividing it from San Joaquin co., and then falling into San Joaquin r., 12 ni. from its mouth. Cote Sans Dibsein, p. o., Callaway co,. Mo. : on the N. bank of Missouri r., opposite the mouth of Osage r,, 11 ra. E. by N. Jefferson City. It is an old French settlement, and derives its name from its location on an isolated hill on the margin of the river. CoTiLE, p. 0., Rapides par., La. : near CotUe Lake, lOS m. "W. N. W. Baton Rouge. CoTOMA, p. v., Montgomery co., Alai»er, etc. Pop, 1,984. Coventey, t. and p. v., Chenango co., 2f.Y.: 97 m. S. 'W. Albany. The surface is hilly, and drained by Harper's and Kelsey's creeks, tributaries of the Susquehanna. The village contains about 250 inhabitants. Pop. 1.677. Coventry, t, and p. o., Kent co., Ji. I. : 13 m. S. "W. Providence. The t. is watered by Fiat c. and the S. branch of Pawtuxent r., which furnish extensive water-pnwt:r. which is extensively used in manufactures of wool and cotton. Po^i. 3,("*2li. Coventry, t. and p. v., Orleans co.. Verm. : at the head of Lake Memplireraagog, 40 ra. N. N. E. Muntpelier. It is drained by Black and Barton rivers, which empty into llii* lake, and furnish good raill-power. The soil is generally a rich, deep loam, and very fertile. Pop. S67. Cuventetville, p. v., Chenango co., JV". Y. : 93 nL S. W. Albany. Covert, t. and p. v., Seneca co., X. Y. : on the "W. side of Cayuga Lake, 152 m. W. AUxiny. The surface is high and level, and is drained by numerous creeks falling into the lake. The v. is a small agricult. Bettlement. P. 2,253. CovESViLLE, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg.: 72 ra.'W. by N. Eichmond. The Virgmia Central E. E. passes through the village. CovEsvaLE, p. v., Monro© co,, Penn. : 9J m. N. E. Harrisburg. CovEsviLLE, p. v., Saratoga co., y. Y. : K m. N. by E. Albany. Covington county, Ala. Situate S., and contains 1,152 sq. m. Drained by Conecuh r. and Yellow Water r. and their tributary creeks. Surface low, but diversified, and soils not the most fertile. The protlucta are cotton, corn, and rice, tho latter in small quantity. Farms 1-58; manuf. 6; dwell. 503, and pop.— wli. 8,077, fr. col. SS, si. 48t)— tothl 3,645. Capital: Andalusia. Covington county, Mi-^s. Sitnate S. centrally, and con- tains 486 sq. m. Drained by the head creeks of Leaf r.. a tribntarj' of Pascagoula r. Surface level, and the soils light and sterile, but with great exceptions. Cotton, com. and potatoes are the chief products. Farms 272 : manuf. 5 ; dwell. 348, and pop.— wh. 2,222, fr.-col. 2, si. 1,114— total 8,388. Capital : Williamsburg. CoviNCTOx, p. v.j and cajj. Newton oa., Ga. ; oo the E. I cov cox side of and 3} m. frnm ToUow r., a. cotislituent of Ilic Okmulgee r., 54 m. N, W. Milleilgoviilc. Tlie Georgia E, K. passes through the v. lS(i in. from Augusta, ami 41 ni. from Atlanl.1. It is a considerable place, and oont,'iina the CO. offices, 4 churches, and many handsome buiUlingn. It has also a respectable academy, and 2 m. N.,at Oxford, is Kniory College, a Methodist instituliun. Covington, p. t., and cap. Koimlain c<»., 7/uA ; on llie E. side of TrVabash r., 73 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. The ■Wabash and Erie Canal passes through the place, and since its completion in 1S47, a great increase in Ilie trade of the V. has resulted. A newspaper, the " People's Friend"(dem.), is published weekly. Pop. 1,600. Covington, p. city, Kenton co., Kr/. : on the W. side of Licking r., on the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati, CO m. N. N. E. Frankfort, It is built on a beautiful plain, most of which is above high-water mark ; and the streets are so arranged J13 to appear from the hills back of Cincinnati as a continua- tion of that city. Newport lies on the opposite side of the Licking. It is connected with Cincinnati by a steam ferry. Covington is a highly flourishing place, and is destine{/. .* on one of the head streams of Cow Pasture r., 120 m. W. by N. Richmond. Chab noLLOTT, p. o., Lincoln co., K^/. : 54 m. S. S. E. Frankfort Ceab Hollow, p. o., Kay co., Mo.: 116 m. "SV. by N. Jefferson City. Grab Tukk, p. o., Hftywood co., X Car.: 2-4G m. W. by S. Kflleigh. Ceacker'6 Nkck, p. o., Crrccne co., Oa. Ckaftsbueg, t. and p. v., Orleans co., Verm. : 27 m. N. by E. Montpelier. The t. is watered by Black r. of Lake Mem- phremagog and branches of Lamoille r. of Lake Cham- plain, both of which rise from the hills of this region. The V. is on elevated ground, commands a fine prospect, and is a place of considerable business. In the centre of the v. ie a large public green, 80 by 24 rods in extent. Ckaftsville, p. T., Elbert co., Ga.: 83 m. N. N. E. MilledgeviUe. Pop. of t. 1,223. Craig, p. o., Switzerland co., In<7. : S7 m. S. E. Indian- apolis. Ceaig*8 Creek, p. o., Botetourt co., Ttrg. : on a cr. of Jaraes r. so called, 13S m. W. Richmond. Craigsvillb, p. o,, Orange co., X. Y. : on the line of the Ncwburgh Branch R. R., 16 m. from Nowburgh, and 86 m. S. by W. Albany. Ceatn's Creek, p. o., Monroe co., JV; Car. : on Crain's cr. of Lower LilUo r., a branch of Cape Fear r., 42 m. S. AV. Raleigli. Crain's Coexers, p. o., Herkimer co., K ¥.: 60 m. W. by N. Albany. Craixsville, p. v., Hardeman co., Tenn. : ou a branch of Big Hatchie r., where it cuts the E. lino of the co., 125 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. Cb.vnberey, p. T., Middlesex co., iV' Jer. : on Cranberry Brook, a tributary of Millstone r., 16 m. N. E. Trenton. The v. contains several mills and about 400 iuhabilants. It has a station on the Camden and Amboy R. R., IS m. from South Amboy. Craneerky, p. v., Allen co., Ohio : 82 in. N. "W. Columbus. . CuANBERRT, t. and p. 0., Venango co., Penn.: on the S. E. side of Alleghany r., 173 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. There are several furnaces in the t., and a pop. of nearly 2,000. Crasbekrt Cr.EKK, p. 0., Fulton co., A^. Y.: on the cr. 50 called, 42 m. N. W. Albany. Ceanberry Foege, p. 0., Watauga co., y. Car. : 168 m. ^V. by N. Raleigh. Cranberry Ibleb, t. and p. o., Hancock co.. Me. : on the Atlantic Ocean. 79 m. E. S. E. Augusta. These isles were attached to Mount Desert until 1830, when they were incor- porated. They lie a few miles E. by S. of that islan'nLLE, p. V., Audcrson dist., ,S. Cii)\: US m. W. by N. Columbia. Creachtille, p. o., Johnson co., IT. Car. : 31 m. S. E. Ealeigh. Ceeageestown, p. v., Frederick co., 3fd. : on N. side of Hunting cr., near its junction with the Monocaey r., 12 m. N. of Frederick City, and fiS m. N. W. Annapolis. Ceeage's Mili5, p. o., Wilcox co., Ala. : 69 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Creek Agesct, p. o., Creek Nation, Ind. Ter. : at the confluence of Ycrdegris r. with the Arkansas r., S or 4 m. W. of Fort Gibson on the Neosho r., 192 m. W. N. W. Little Eook. Creek Nation, Ind. Ter. The Creeks occupy a large territory betu-een that of the Cherokees^to the N. and E., and that of the Choetaws, on the S., extending W. to the 100th meridian. The Canadian r. separates the Creeks from the Choetaws, and the surface is chiefly drained by its N. fork, and by the Eed or Pawnee fork of the Arkansas r. The soils are fertile, and largo crops of the agricultural sta- ples usual to the latitude are annually raised. Fort Gibsofl is supplied with provisions by the industry of this nation. They have large stocks of cattle and hogs, and are other- •wise well provided. Their government is based on a written constitution ; they select their own chief and representatives, the latter acting as the grand council of the nation. They have also a judiciary, observing all the legal fonns of civ- ilized naI4on3, and in their schools and churches arc not surpassed by the neighboring State of Arkansas. Tho missionaries have efTccted such improvements in their con- dition, indeed, that the civiUzation of the descendants of the present generation is secured, and by the aid of the mechan- ics and farmers, supplied to them by the General Govern- ment, they are taught the substantial industries needed in the State. On tho whole, however, this nation is not so far advanced as either the Cherokees or Choetaws — a fact which may be attributed to physical disabilities rather than to an inferior moral influence on the part of those charged with their welfare. Tlieir country is not so well watered aa that of cither of the nations mentioned : nor are the incent- ives to industry, from their remote position from navigable channels, .so great. The droughts of summer, and the piercing col'^\ : 21*2 m.N. E. Jackson, CuTsp Prairie, p. o., Dade co.. Mo. : lOG m. S. W. JefT-T- son City. It is located on a fine elevated prairie E. of Sac r, and drained by its branches. CniTTENDEX county, Ar/c. Situate between the Mississippi and St, Francois rivers, and contains 1.9S0 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks, sluices, and bayoux tailing into the bor- der rivers. Surface level, and subject to partial inundations. Soil, when sufficiently elevated for culture, highly fertile. Farms 192; manuf. 0; dwell. 300, and pop.— wh. 1,SJ2, fr. col. 5, si. SOI— total 2,643, Capital : Marion. Crittenden county, Ky. Situate N. W., and contains 460 sq. m. Drained by several streams, tributaries of the Ohio and the Cumberland, the former of which washes its N. border, and the latter its S. W. border. The surface is generally level or undulating, and the soils of an average productiveness. Indian com. wheat, and oals are largely grown, and tobacco forms one of its great sUii)les. Farms 662 ; manuf. 13 ; dwell. 973. and pop.— wh. 5,474, fr. col. 29, si. S4S— total 6,351. Capital: Marion. Crittenden, p. v., Erie co., -V. 3' : 265 m. W. Al- bany. 159 CRI CRO Crittkndes. p. v., Grant co., Ky. : 43 m. N. by E. Frankfort Cr.iTTEXDEX, p. v., Howard co., Jml.: 49 ra.N. Indian- apolis. Crittende^j, p. v., Daviess co., JHo. : 13G m. N. "W. JefltTson City. Crockkiujville, p. 0., Genesee co., MicJk. : 49 m. N. E. Lansing. CnociiERT Creek, t. and p. o., Ottawa co., Midi.: on the N. side of Grand r., S ni. from its entrance into Lake Michi<;an. The p. o. is on Crockery cr., which drains the E. half of ihe t. and affords water-power, pop. 247. Crockett, p. v., and cap. liouston co., Tex. : on the old military rnad between Castrop and Nacogdoches, lf>3 m. K. N. E. Austin City. The v. is boautifiilly situate on an elevated prairie, gradually dcelining to Trinity r. on the "W., and Neches r. on the E., both of which receive the nils- pnrt, at the liead nf the lake, to Penn-Yan, and affiirils the piissenger a fine view of the delightful scenery of the shores and neighborhood. Cropwei.l, p. v., St Clair co., Ala.: 100 ra. N. Mont- gomery. Crorbytille, p. v., Chester disL, 51 Car. .-^n the S. aide of Sandy r., S m. from its confluence with Broad r., and 44 m. N. N.W. Columbia. Cross ANonon. p. o., Sparlanburgh dist.. S. Car. : between Tyger and Ennoree rivers, in the S. E. corner of the co., 72 m. N. "W. Columbia. Crossanville, p. o., Perry co., Ohio: 47 m. S. E. Co- lumbus. Cross Creek Ytllagk, p. v., "Washington co., Penn. : on a cr. 60 called, 20S m. W. Uarrisburg. 160 Cross Cut, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn. : 192 m. "W, by IT, Earrisburg. Cross Hill, p. o., Laurens dist., 5. Car. : 63 m. "W. N. "W- Columbia. CRossiNGvn,LE, p. T., Crawfi.rd co^ Peim. : 904 m. N. *W". by "W. Uarrisburg. Cross Keys, p. c, Macon co., Ala. : 155 ra. N. "W. Montgomcrj'. Cross Keys, p. c, De Kalb co.^ Ga. : 86 m. N. "W. Milledgeville. Cross Keys, p. c, Camden co., X. Jer. : 37 m. S. by W. Trenton. Cross Keys, p. o., Union diet., S. Car. : between Ennoree r. and Tyger r., in the S. W. corner of the co., 59 m. N. W. Columbia. Cross Keys, p. o., Eoane co., Tenn.: 133 m. E- by B. Nashville. Cross Keys, p. c, Rockingham co., Virg. : 93 m, N. "W. Ftichmond. Cross Kill Mills, p. o., Berks co., P' co., IU.: on the lake so called, 1S3 m. N. N. E. Springfield, Cuba, p. v., Fulton co., Jll. : 50 ni. N. W. Springfield. CrBA, p. v., Rutherford co., X. Car. : 1S6 m. W. S. "W. Ealeigh. Clba, p. v., Kent co., Midi. : 4S m. W. N. W. Lansing. Cuba, t and p. v., Alleghany co., ^'i Y. : 22G m. W. by S. Albany. The land is elevated, and divides the sources of the Alleghany and Genesee rivers. In the N. there is a small lake, and near the W. border is situate the Oil Spring Eeservation. The v. is situate on the line of the Genesee Valley Canal and the New York and Erie E. E. It is a flourishing place, with 1,000 inhabitants. Pop. 2,143L CrBA, p. v., Clinton co., OJuo: 53 m. S. E. Columbus. Cub Creek, p. o., Charlotte co., Virg.: on a cr. of Roan- oke r. so called, S4 m. S. "W. Richmond. Ci'BEDATcuEE, p- V., Macon co.^ Ala.: on Cupiahatehee cr., 23 m. E. by S. Montgomery. Cub Hill, p. o., Baltimore co., McK : 9 m. from Balti- more. Cuckooville, p. v., Louisa co., Virg. : 4S m. N. W. Richmond. CcDDEBACKviiLE, p. 0., Orange co., X. Y. : 92 m. S. S. "W. Albany, W t'uDDvuuNK, p. v., Yallabiisha co., Mm. : US m. N. by E. Jackson. Cuero, p. v., and cap. Do "Witt co., Tex. : on the E. bank of the Guadaloupe r., 89 m. S. by E. Austin City. CuLcnoTE, p. 0., Polk CO., Teiin. : 142 m. S. E. Nashville, CuLLODEN, p, v., Monroe co., (?a. ; 56 m. "W. S. W. Milledgeville. CuLLOMA, p. v., and cap. El Dorado co., Calif. : on the 9. side of the S. fork of the American r., 100 m. E. N. E. Yallejo. Culpepper county, Ve'rff. Situate N. E., and contains 672 sq. m. Drained by Thornton r. and its branches, and Mountain cr., tributaries^ of liappahannock r., which washes its N. E. border. Rapid Aima r. bounds it on the 8. side. Surface pleasantly diversified. Soils of average fertility, producing grain and tobacco. Farms 604; manuf. 53; dwell. 1,0:54, and pop.— wh. 5,111, fr. col. 4S8, si. 6,6S8— total 12;2S2. Capital : Culpepper C. H. (Fairfax). Puhlio WorAs : Orange and Alexandria R. E. Citlpeppee c. n. (or Fairfax), p. v., and cap. Culpepper CO., Virff. : Culpepper C. H. is the name rjf the P. O.— Fair- fax the name of the village. It contains the usual co. build- ings, several stores and mechanics' shops, and has about 300 inhabitants. It is situate 10 m. N. of tlie Eappahannock r., and about TO m. N. N. W. Richmond. Culver Creek, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio. Cumberland county, IU. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 324 sq. m. Drained by Embarras r. and its tribu- taries. Surface prairie, and very fertile. Farms 326 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 134, and pop.— wh. 3,720, fr. col. 0— total 3,720. Capital : Greenup. Puhlie Works : Terre Haute and Alton E. E. ; and the National Road. C'uiiBERLAND couuty, Ktj. Situatc S. on the Tennessee State line, and contains oSO sq. m. Drained by creeks of Cumberland r., which flows through it from N. E. to S. "W. Surface uneven and rugged. Soils moderately fertile, pro- ducing wheat, Indian corn, oats, and tobacco largely, and some cotton. Farms 607 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 942, and pop. —wh. 5,47T, fr. col. 43, si. 1,4S5— total 7,005. Cajntal: Eurkesviile. CuMBECLANT) couuty, K. Jer. Situate S., and contains 524 sq. m. Drained by Stow and Cohansey creeks, and Maurice and Tuekahoe rivers. Delaware Bay Ties on its S. S. W. border, and for a mile or two back the country consists of a salt marsh. Surface level. Soil light, but of an average fertility. It contains iron ore and beds of marl Glass and crockery are largely manufactured, and there are several extensive grist and saw mills. Farms SS4 manuf. 190 ; dwell. 3.2S1, and pop.— wh. 16,170, fr. col. l,019i si. 0— total 17,1S9. Capital: Eridgeton. Cumberland county, N. Car. Situate centrally, and con- tains 1,1S0 sq. m. Drained by triljutaries of Cape Fear r., which passes through it in a general direction from N. to S., affording it a navigable channel to the sea. Surface undulating, with extensive v.alk-ys. Soils of average pro- ductiveness; Indian corn and cotton are its staples, and it has numerous cotton and other manufactures. Farms 959 ; manuf. 105 ; dwell. 2,531, and pop.— wh. 12,447, fr. col. 946, si. 7.217— total 20,610. Capital : Fayetteville. CuMBERLA>'D county, Penn. Situate S. middle, and con- tains 544 sq. m. Drained by Conedogwinet cr. anil Yellow Breeches r., tributaries of Susquehanna r. The surface is moderately uneven, sometimes hilly, and the soils have an excellent fertility. Iron ore, clays, etc., abundant. The chief products are wheat, Indian com, and onL**, and there is much flour produced. Farms l,S4-2 ; manuf. 25^ ; dwell. 6,021, and pop.— wh. 33,370, fr. col. 957- total 34,327. Cap- ital : Carlisle. PKhlic Work-'^ : Cumberland Yalley R. R., etc. Cumberland county, Virg. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 320 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Willis r. of James r., which bounds its N. side, and creeks of Appomattox r., which runs on its S. E. border. Surface moderately hilly. Soils of average fertilitv, pro. 1,056, Cumberland, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: on Buffalo fork of Will's cr., ahranch of Muskingum r., 69 m. E. Columbus. It has several mills and factories and about 400 inhabitants. Cumberland, p. o., Grundy co., Tenn.: on ahranch of Caney fork of Cumberland r., 79 ra. S. E. Nashville. Cumberland, p. v., and cap. Cumberland co., Tlvg. : on a high and healthy ridge between Willis r. and Appomattox r., 44 m. W. by S. Richmond. It contains about 130 in- habitants. CrMBERLAND bay, N. T.: on the W. side of Lake Champlain, on the front of the v. of Plattaburg— it is forra- 162 ed by Cumberland llead, p, peninsula strttcbin2 into the lake 4 m., and is noted for a \ictory obtained by M'Donough over Downie, in the naval action of the 11th Sept., 1814. Cumberland Centre, p. c, Cumberland co., Me. : 45 m. S. S. W. Augusta. Cumberland Ford, p. o., Knox co., Kf/. : on Cumber- land r., 123 m. S. E. Frankfort. CuMBERLAJs-D Gap, p. o,, Knox CO., Ktj. : in the S. E. corner of co,, 132 m. S. E. Frankfort. Cumberland Hill, p. v., Providence co., H. I. : on the N. E. side of Blackstone r., 16 m. N. by W. Providence. Cumberland Iron Works, p. v., Stewart co., Tenn.: on the 8. W. side of Cumberland r., 10 m. E. S. E. Dover and 54 m. W. N. W. NashvUlc. Cumberland river, A'y. and Te}in.: a large river, the sources of which are found in the Cumberland Mountains, interlocking with those of Clinch and Kentucky rivers. It flows through Kentucky wcstwardly about 200 miles, enters the State of Tennessee, and meandering 120 miles, again enters Kentucky, through which its course is north-west to the Ohio river, into which it falls 11_V miles above the mouth of the Tennessee river, and 60 miles above the mouth of the Ohio river. Its entire length is about 600 miles, and it drains a territory equal to about 17,500 square miles; it is navigable for large steamboats and vessels to Nashville, 203 miles, and for boats of 15 tons 300 miles. At certain sea- sons of high water vessels of 400 tons may be brought down the river 400 miles to the Ohio ; and for half its length boats may navigate it at all seasons. The elevation of its sources are probably 1,200 feet above the level of the mouth of the river; it is the second river in size that falls into the Ohio, being inferior only to the Tennessee. Below Nashville, which lies on its south bank, the river is deep and narrow. CiTMBERLAND Vallet, t. and p. o., Bedford co., Penn. : between Evitt's Mountain and Will's Mountain, 103 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Evitt's cr., which runs through the valley. CuMiNsviLLE, p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : on the line of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton E. R., 52 m. from Cincinnati and 97 m. S. W. Columbus. It lies on the W. side of Mill cr., and contains several flouring and grist mills and about 250 inhabitants. CuMMiNG, p. v.. and cap. Forsyth co., Ga. : on the W. side of and 6 m. from Chattahoochee r., 94 m. N. W. Millcdgeville. CuMMiNGSviLLE, p. T., Itawamba co., 3fis8, : 217 m. N- E. Jackson. CuM-MiNGTON, p. V., Macoupin CO., lU. : 33 m. S. 8. W. Springfield. CuMMiNQToN, t. aud p. o., Hampshire co., Masf*.: on both sides of Wcslficld r., 104 m. W. Boston. Surface mountainous but excellent for grazing. Iron ore and soap- stone aboinid. It has several manufactures, among which are cotton aud wool. The r. aflbrds good water-power. CuMMiNOTON West Village, p. v., Hampshire co.. Mass, Cunningham's, p. o., Ba■^trop co., Tex.: on the W. fork of Pin Oak cr., a tributary of the Colorado r., 45 m. E. S. E. Austin City. Cunningham's Stoke, p. o., Perrin co., 2^. Car. : 02 m. N. N. W. Raleigh. CuRDSviLLE, p. v., Buckingham co., Tirg. : 02 m, W. Richmond. Cureton's Bridge, p. o., Henry co., Ala. : 100 m. S. E. Montgomery. CuEETos's Store, p. o., Lancaster dist., S. Car. : 69 m. N. N. E. Columbia. Curia, p. v., Independence co.. Ark. : 87 m. N. by E. LitUe Rock. CuRLi-sviLLE, p. v., Clarion co., Penn. : 173 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Currituck county, A' Car. Sitnate N. E. on Atlantic Ocean, and contains 576 aq. m. It comprises the whole sea-coast from the Virginia line to Ocracokc Inlet, including CUR DAK Koanoke Island. Currituck Inlot separates it into two parts, and affords facilities for navigation. Surface flat, and in some instances swampy. Soils generally sandy. Farms &()1; manuf. 0; dwell. 925, and pop.— wh. 4.600, fr. col.lS9, si. 2,447— total T,236. CapiUd: Currituck C. II. CuERiTucK, p. v., and cap. Currituck co., X. Car. : on the W. side of Currituck Sound. 16G m. E. N. E. Kaleigh. CniRT's Mills, p. o., Washington co., G(t. Cubby's Kun, p. o., Harrison co., Ky.: 44 m. N. E. Frankfort. Ctjetisville, p. v., Berkshire co., SLiss. : 12G m. "W. Boston. Il has several cotton mills, etc. CmwiNSTiLLE, p. v., Clearfield co., P'^iin. : on the N. side of Anderson's cr., near its junction with the "W. branch cf Susquehanna r., Ili2 m. N. W. l»y AV. Ilarrisburg. CcsH, p. T., Clearfleld co., renn.: lu7 m. N. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. CreniNG, t. and p. o., Lincoln co., Me.: on the "W. side of St. George's r., opposite the peninsular t, of St. George, 3S m. S. E. Augusta. This t. was setlle'GsviLLE, p. v., liutlaud co., Vez-^in. : G3 m. S. by W. Montpelier, Cuyahoga county, O^iio. Situate N. E. on Lake Erie, and contains 4S6 sq. m. Drained chiefly by Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers, which empty into the lake, and afford large water-power. Surface level, declining toward the N. Soils ever)'where of the highest fertility, producing the grains in abundance and grasses of the most nutritious quality. The climate is delightful. Farms 2,22S; manuf. 162; dwell. 8,2S9, and pop.— wh. 47,745, tr. col. 354— total 43,099. Cap- ital: Cleveland. PuhUc Workii: Cleveland, Painesville, and Ashtabula K. R. ; Clevelan.l and PitlsburgR. E. ; Cleve- land. Columbus, and Cincinnati R. R. ; Cleveland and San- dusky R. R., etc., and the (tliio Canal. Cuyahoga Falls, p. v.. Summit co., Ohio: on the Cuy- ahoga r., at the falls, 109 m. N. E. Columbus. The r. hero has its greatest bend toward the S., and jiasses through a deep channel in the rocks, and by successive leaps falls in a short distance 240 feet, creating a great water-power. A considerable manuftictunng village has here sprung up, the destiny of which is as yet only foreshadowed. The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal passes through the place, and the Akron Branch R. K., uniting with the Cleveland and Pittsburg K. R. at Hudson, connects it with those two important commercial centres. Pop. aliout 3,000. In the neighborhood bituminous coal is abundant, and is mined to a large extent CuTAnoGA river, Ohio : one of the most important rivers in northern Ohio. It rises in Geaiiga county, and runs southwardly through Portage county, where it gradually curves and courses through Sunmiit and Cuyahoga counties. in a direction N. N. W. to Lake Erie, into which it falls at Cleveland. It is more than 60 miles long ; it has numerous falls, and from its not being materially affected in its supply of water in the dry season, is exceedingly well adapted for mill and factory purposes. Along its banks several flourishing manufacturing villages have already sprung up, and there is every prospect of its becoming the focus of an immense manufacturing interest. The village at the great falls is destined to be a second Patterson or Lowell. The Ohio Canal runs along the valley of this stream about 85 miles to near Akron, and crosses it by an aqueduct at Boston, 23 miles S. of Cleveland. The mouth of the river, which has been improved and extended by piers, forms the harbor of Cleveland. CuTLEK, p. v.. Cortland co., X. Y. : on the Tioughnioga r., 112 m. W\ Alliany. Cuyleksville, p. v., Livingston co., X. Y.: 198 m. W. Albany. Cyntuiana. p. v., Pnsey co., Ind. : on Big cr. of Wabash r., 137 m. S. W. Indianapolis. CysTniANA, p. v., and cap. Harrison co., Kij. : on the E. side of the S. fork of Licking r., 39 ra. E. N. E. Frankfort It is a flourishing v., and has a weekly newspaper, the " C. News" (dem.) Pop. SOO. Cyntuiana, p. v., Pike co., Ohio: 62 m. S. by W. Columbus. Pop. \U. Cynthiana, p. v., Wapello co., la. : G6 m. S. W. Iowa City. CvpEEBS, p. o.. Union co., Ky. : on C>'pres3 cr., 173 m. W. by S. Frankfort C\PEEss, p. o., Scott CO., Mo. : in the swamp region in the S. E. part of the co., 4 m. W. of the Mississippi and 186 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Cypress Cheek, p. o., Bladen co., X. Car. : 6S m. S. by E. Raleigh. Cypress Crossing, p. c, Newton co., Tex. : on Sabine r., 252 m. E. Austin City. Cypress Grove, p. c, New Hanover co., X. Car. : 97 m. S. E. Raleigh. Cyi'kkss Inn, p. o., Wa}-ne CO., T. : on the E. side of Trinity r., 192 m. N. by E. Austin City. The " D. Her- ald"' (dem.) is the name of a weekly newspaper published in the village. Dallas, t and p. o., Clinton co., Mich. : 20 m. N. 'W. Lansing. I'op. Ib5. Dallas, p. v., Marsliall co., Virg. : 233 m. N. W. Rich- mond. Dallas, p. v., Gaston co., A^ Car. : 138 m. W. S. "W. Raleigh. Dallasbubgu, p. v., Owen co., Kt/. : 32 m. N. by E. Frankfort. Dallasburgu, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: 74 m. S. "W. Columbus. Dallas Cfit, p. v., Hancock co., HI: 91 m. N. W. Springfield. Dallastows, p. v., York co., Penn. : 42 m. S. Harrisburg. DAL.MATIA, p. v., Northumberland co., Penn. : 40 m. N. Harrisburg. Dalton, p. v., "Wayne co., Ind. : on the "W. side of Nettle cr., 50 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. Dalton, t and p. o., Berkshire co., Mass. : on the line of the Western R. R., lOS m. W. Boston. Drained by the E. branch of Housatonic r. It has several valuable manu- factures. Pop. 1,029. Dalton, t and p. v., Coos co.. A* TTamp. : on the E. side of Connecticut r., 72 m. N. by W. Concord. The Great or Fifteen Mile Falls connnonce in Dalton, and rush tumullu- ously along the N. W. border. The t is drained by John's r., and other streams. In the W. and S. the surface is hilly, and along the St John's the majestic white pine abounds. The v. or settlement is located on the river bank. P. 750. Dalton, p. v., Wajiic co., Ohio: on the line of the Akron and Millcrsburg R. R., 80 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Dalton, p. v., Murray co., Ga. : about 2 m. W. of Cona- sauga r., 147 m. N. W. Milledgeville. It is a new v. which BAM DAN has sprung up under the benign influeuce of railways, ant! ia one which will become a centre of population, commerce, and wealth. The Western and Atlantic K. R. passes through it 100 m. from Atlanta, and 40 ni. from Chattanooga, and at this point is intersected by the East Tennessee and Georgia E. K.. which runs 107 m. to KnoxvUle. A newspaper, the " D. Times" (dem.), is issued weekly. The v. contains sev- eral fine buildings and shops belonging to the li. 11. com- panies, and has about 600 inhabitants. Damarisootta Mills, p. v.. Linooin co., 3fe. : at the out- let of Damariscotta Pond, 20 m. S. S. E. Augusta. Damariscotta river, Me. : this r. has its source in ponds in JefTerson and Noblesborough ; its general course is south- erly, between Newcastle, Edgecomb, and Eoolhbay on the "W., and Bristol on the E. ; it is navigable for large shipping for 16 m. L.irge quantities of timber are brought down the r., and immerous merchant vessels are annually built on this broail arm of the sea. Damascoville, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on the N. line of the co.. 126 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. It is a small Tillage of about 200 inhabitants. Dauasci's, t. and p. v., Henry co., Ohio: on the N. side of Maumee r., and of the Wabash and Erie Canal, 113 m. N. X. W. Columbus. Pop. 2o3. Damascus, t and p. v., "Wayne eo., Penn. : on the W. side of Delaware r., 12S ra. N. E. Ilarrisburg. The v. on tlie r., which is here spanned by a bridge 500 feet long, is a small settlement of 30 or 40 dwellings. Damascus, p. v., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. : SO m. N. W. Columbia, Damascus, p. v., Montgomery co., Mil. : at the head of Seneca cr., 62 m, N. W. Annapolis. Dan river, 2^. Car. and Virg. : mostly in Virginia, tlie Dan uniting with Staunton r. forms the Eoanoke. It has falls of 23 feet at Danville, but, by a canal around them, navigation is open for 100 m. from its mouth. Dana, t. and p. o., Worcester co., Muss. : 62 m. W. Bos- ton. A branch of Swift r. passes through the town. In the manufacture of palm-leaf hats there are numbers engaged — it is the principal manufacture. Pop. 842. Danborough, p. v., Bucks co., Pfim.: 92 m. E. Harris- burg, and about 3 m. N. of Doylestown. It contains about SO dwellings. DANBtTion, p. v., Wilkes co., Ga, : on the S. side of Broad r., 12 m. from its entrance into the Savannah r., and 6S m. N.N. E. MiUedgeviUe. Danbuby, t., p. b., and one of the capitals Fairfield co., Co7in.: 4S m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by a branch of Housatonic r., which furnishes good water-power. The borough is a pleasant village, built chiefly on one street. It contains 7 churches, and about 250 dwellings. The Dan- bury and Norwalk K. 11. has its N. terminus at this point. The t, has several manufactures, and supports a newspaper, the "D. Times," which is published weekly. Danbury was captured and burned by the British in the revolutionary war, and large quantities of militarj' stores seized — this oc- curred 26th April, 1777. In the battle the American gene- ral, Wooster, was killed. Pop. 5,964. Danburt, p. v., and cap. Stokes co., 2^. Car. : 104 m. N. W. by W. Ealeigh. Da-Nburv, t, and p. v.. Grafton co., i^ Uamp. : in the S. part of the co.. 29 m. N. W. Concord. The Northern R. K. passes through the t, 30 m. from West Lebanon. P. 1134. . Danby, t. and p. v., Tompkins co., K. Y.: about S m. S. Ithaca, and 134 m. W. by S. Albany. The surface is hilly, and the soils a gravelly loam : drained by Cattoiong cr. and its tribuUiries. The v. contains about 400 inhabitants. The L ha** a large number of saw-mills. Pop. 2,411. Danby, t and p. v.. Kutland co., Verm. : near the head waters of Otter cr., 67 m. S. by W. Montpelier. The surface Is generally rough, but the soils are highly productive. The L is noted for its butter and cheese. The Vermont Western E. It. passes through W?, S, E. comer. Pop. 1,535, Danby, t. and p. o., Ionia eo., Mkh.: on (iran'l r.. IS m. W. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 262. Danby Four Corners, p. o., Jutland co., Verm. : 66 ra. S. by W. Montpelier. Dancyville, p. v., HajTvood co., Tenn. : about 7 m. S. of Big Hatchee r., 149 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Dandeidge, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Tenn. : on the N. side of French Broad r., 192 m. E. Nash\ille. It con- tains the usual co. buildings, several stores, and about SO dwellings. It has a considerable trade in the vicinity. Dane county, Wisr. Situate S. centrally, and contains 1.235 sq. m. Drained by Black Earth, Blue Mound, and other tributaries of Wisconsin r., which washes its N. W. comer, and by Catfish r., Sugar r., anaper-mills, flouring-mills. etc., and furnaces. Dansrille has three weekly newspapers, and one serai-monthly, viz., the "D. Herald" (whig), the '■ D. Courier" (dem.), the "D. Chronicle'' (,dem.), weeklies, and '*Trembly's Advertiser,-* pul)iished semi-monthly. The Dansville Branch of the . Genesee Valley Canal extends hence 11 m. to the main canal, which it joins near the v. of Mt. Morris. Pop. 1,S00. Dantou, p. v., Tishemingo co., Mi4s. : 19S m. N. E. Jackson. Danube, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., iP! Y.: on the S. of the Mohawk r., 5S m. W. N. W. Albany. The surface is undulating: soils sandy and calcareous loam: drained by Nowadaga cr. The Erie Canal, on which the v. of Danube is located, passes through the N. part of the town, following the Valley of the Mohawk. Pop. 1,730. Danykrs, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 14 m. N. Boston, The soils are fertile and well cultivated. The principal v. is virtually a suburb of Salem, the streets being conlinuoas. There is another v. in the N. part of the f., on Beverly r., at which numerous ships are annually built. Both these tillages can be approached by vessels of considerable bur- den, and both have considerable trade and manufactures, principally in leather and its products. Pop. S.IIO. The Salem and Lowell R. R. passes through the tt)wnship. DAN\aLLE, p. v., and cap. Yell co., Ark. : on Petite Jean cr., G7 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. 165 DAN Danvule, p. v., Sumter co., Gn. : on Ihc W. bank of Flint r., 86 m. S. W. by S. Millerigfvillc. Danville, p. v., and cap. Vi-rmillion CO., Ill : on the N. bank of Big Vermillion r., immediately below tlie junc- tion of its North and Salt Forks, 128 m. E. by N. Spring- field. It is a large and flourishing place, and has two newspapers, the "D. Herald" (dem.), and the "D. Citizen" (whig), both issued weekly. Pop. 1,200. The surrounding country is fertile and populous. Danville, p. v., and cap. Hendricks CO., Ind. : on the W. side of the W. fork of While Lick er., 20 m. W. Indian- apolis. The site of the v. is elevated, and commands a line prospect It contains a handsome brick C. IT. and other CO. offices. Pop. 700. It was Hrst settled in 1826. The "Advertiser" (whig) is published weekly. Danvilu:, p. v., and cap. Boyle co., Ki/. : on a small cr. of Dick's r., about 3 m. from its confluence, and 38 m. 8. by E. Frankfort. The line of the projected NashviUo and Lexington E. E. passes through the v., making it an im- portant trading place. It is the seat of the Centre College, and also of the Kentucky Deaf and Dumb Asylum. The college was founded in 1S20, and in 1850 had a president and 7 professors, 8G3 alumni, and 152 students, with a library of nearly 6,000 volumes. The asylum had CO in- mates on the 1st Jan., 1851. Pop. about 1,600. Danville, t. and p. v., Cumberland co.. Me. : on the W. Bide of Androscoggin r., 81 m. 8. W. Augusta. It is chiefly devoted to agriculture. The Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E. here diverges from the Atl. and St. Law. U.K. P. 1 ,0 o6. Danville, p. v., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 202 m. N. E. Jackson. Danville, p. v., and cap. Montgomery CO., Mo. : on the E. of and about 8 m. from the I.outre r., a tributary of the Missouri, 43 m. N. E. by E. Jefferson City. Danville, t. and p. o., PLOekingham co., K ITamp. : 80 m. S. E. Concord. Achusnut r. passes over the N. W. cor- ner, and there are several ponds in the town. The surface is uneven, and the soils in most parts good. Pop. 1,014. Danville, p. o., Warren co., 2f^ Jer. : 66 m. N. by W. Trenton. Danville, p. v., Knox co., 0!iio. : about 4 m. W. of Walhonding r., and 63 N. E. Columbus. Danville, p. v., and cap. Montour CO., Penn.: on the N. side of the N. branch of Susquehanna r., at the entrance of Mahoning er., and on the line of the North Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal, 12 m. above Northum- berland, and 80 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. A bridge here crosses the Susquehanna r. The v. contains several church- es, stores, and about 8,800 inhabitant-s, and it has a consid- eral)Io trade with the neighboring interior. Two newspa- pers, the " D. Democrat" (whig), and the " D. InteUi- gencer" (dem.), are issued weekly. Danville, t., p. v., and cap. Caledonia CO., Verm. : 24 m. N. E. Montpelier. The v. is jileasantly situated near the centre of the t, and is surrounded by a fine fanning coun- try, well drained by tril>utarie3 of Passumsic r.. which also afford mill-power. The t. has considerable manufactures ; and a newspaper, the "North Star." Pop. 3,577. Danville, p. v., Pittsylvania co., Virg. : on the N. side of Dan r., 123 m. S. W. by W. Kichmond. The falls at this point, which is tlie head of boat navigation, afford great water-power, and this is extensively used for manufacturing and milling purposes. Tlie v. is located on high ground, gradually rising from the river to a commanding eminence, from which the view of the vicinity is extensive and beau- tiful. Danville has become a place of extensive trade, and is a depot for the immense products of a wide country. It has large tobacco warehouses, numerous stores, and about 1,400 inhabitants, and here is published the " D. Eegisler," a weekly newspaper. The Eichmond and Danville E. E. has its 8. terminus at this point. Danville, p. v., Montgomery co., Tex. : 153 m. E. Austin City. 106 DAR Danville, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : about 4 m. N. of Skunk r., and 57 m. 8. by E. Iowa City. Dan "Webster, p. v., Henry co.^ Ind. : 4S m. E. by N. Indianapolis. The great slate.iinan from whom the name of this p. 0. is derived died on the 24th Oct., 1S52. Daebt, t. and p. v., Delaware co., Penn. : 87 m. E. by 8. Harrisburg. The v., on- Darby er., has about SCO inhab- itants, most part of whom are Quakers. The t. is divided into ITpper Darby and Lower Darby, and has 1,422 inhab- itants. Dahby, p. v., Franklin CO., 0!il(j : 12 m. W. Columbus, on the E. of Big Darby creek. Daeby Ceeek, p. o., Madison CO., Ohio : on Big Darby cr., 16 m. W. by N. Columbus. Daebt Plains, p. o.. Union CO., Ohifi : near Big Darby r., 23 m. N. W. Columbus. Darby's, p. o., Columbia co., Ga. : 76 m. E. N. E. Milledgeville. Dakbyville, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio : on the W. side otBig Darby cr., 22 m. 8. by W. Columbus. Pop. about 400. Daedanelle, p. v.. Pope eo.. Ark. : on the 8. bank of Arkansas r., 61 m. W. N. W. Little Eock. Near this, on both sides the r., are rocky ridges, which are called the Dardanelles. Pop. 300. DARtEN, t, and p. v., Fairfield CO., Conn. : on Long Island Sound, 03 m. S. W. Hartford. The surface is undulating, and the soil excellent. The v. is on a small stream which sets up from the Sound, and has some coasting trade with New York. It is also on the line of the New Tork and New Haven E. E. Pop. 1,454. Darien, p. v., and cap. M'Intosh co., Ga. : on theN. side of Alatam.aha r., 13 m. above the bar at the entrance of the Sound, 166 m. S. E. Milledgeville. The bar has 14 feet of water. The v. has progressed rapidly, and has the appear- ance of a place of considerable commerce. It is the natural port for all the country watered by the Alatamaha and branches, one of which, the Oconee, is navigable to Milledge- ville ; and the other, the Ocmulgce, to Macon. To Savannah and Charleston, regular lines of steamboats are plied, and the coasting trade of the port is large and valuable. Daeien, t. and p. v., Genesee eo., JV; T. : about 12 m. 8.W. Batavia, and 232 m. W. Albany. The v. lies on the line of the Buffalo and New Tork Cily E. E.,27 m. lyom Buffalo, and contains about 300 inhabitants. The t. is drained by Ellicolt's cr. and other tributaries of Tonawanda r. Itssur- face is hilly, and soils clayey and calcareous. Daeien, t. and p. v., Walworth eo.. Wise. : 64 m. S. E. Madison. The surface is drained by Turtle er. and its tril)- utaries. The v. is in a fine elevated tract to the 8. of the creek. Pop. of 1.1,01.3. Darien Centre, p. v., Genesee co., N". T. : on the lino of the Buffalo and New Tork City E. K., 25 m. from Bufl'a- lo, and 234 W. Albany. Darien Dep6t, p. o., Fairfield CO., Conn. : on the line of the New Tork and New Haven E. E., 63 m. S. W. Hartford. Daek Coeneb, p. o., Campbell co., Ga. : 106 m.W. N. W. Milledgeville. Dark Cobnee, p. 0., Do Soto co., Miss. : 16S m. N. Jackson. Darke county, Ohio. Situate W. on Indiana 8tate line, and contains 714 sq. m. Drained by Stillwater, Greenville, and Panther creeks, tributaries of Miami r., and which afford large mill-power. Surface generally level. Soils fertile. It is an excellent grain county. Farms 3,151 ; manuf. 10; dwell. 3,476. and pop.— wh. 20,111, fr. col. 163 —total 30,274. Cajiiltil : Greenville. PuUic Works : Belle- fontaine and Indiana E. E. ; Dayton and Greenville E. E., and its Extension, etc. Fort Eccovery, in the N. W. of the county, was erected by General Wayne, 1795, on the spot where three years before General St. Clair had sutiered his memorable defeat by the Indians. Darke, p. o., Darke Co., Oiiio: 98 m. W. Columbus. Daekesville, p. v., Berkeley eo., Vir(/. ; on Sulphur BAR 1)AV Sprmg:3 cr- a hranch of'Opequnn cr. of the Potomac r, V27 in. N. by V^'. Kii-hnmn,!. DARLiN. v., anm inhabitants, and lies about " ni. W. of Black creek. Darlington IlEiGnTS, J). o., Prince Edward co., Viiy. : 61 m. S. W. by W. Richmond. Daenestown, p. v., Monlfromcry co.. Md. : on theS. side of Seneca cr., 51 m. W. N. W. Annapohs. Daeetown, p. v., Butler co., Ohio: on the line of Ihe Junction E. E., 96 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Daettop.d, p. v., Marquette co., TIVsc; 52 m. N. I)y E. Madison. Dartmouth, t. and p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 52 m. S. Eos- ton. It has Buzzard's Bay on the S. E., and Is penetrated by several inlets from it, one of which receives Aponiganset r, which is navigable to near the miiUlle of the town. The manufacture of salt, ship-buildiusr, and the whale and coast fisheries, are the chief employments of the inliabitanls. Pop. 3,S0S. Dakvill's, p. 0., Dinwiddie co., Virri.: '^1 m. S. \V. Uichmond. Darwin, p. v., and cap. Clark co.. III. : on the W. bank of Wabash r, 112 m. E. S. E. Springfield. It is a flourish- ing place, and contains about 300 inhabitants. Dakttsaw, p. 0., Jefferson co., ArJc. : 49 m. S. by E. Jefferson City. DAUpntN county, Pcnii. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains 60S sq. m. The Susquehanna washes the co. on the "W. and S. "W., and its tributaries, Mahantango, Powell's, and Swatara creeks, drain the interior. Surface rough, hilly, and in some parts mountainous. Soils generally fer- tile, producing all the grains abundantly, and tobacco. Iron and coal are rained in inmiense quantities, and there are several potteries in operation. The Dauphin co, coal is considered one of the best qualities in market. Farms 1,056 ; manuf. 253 ; dwell. 0,033, and pop.— wh. 31,491, fr. col. 1.203 —total 35,754. Capital: Ilarrisburg. PnUic Worl-.t : Pennsylvania Canal ; Union Canal; LaneasU:-r and Harris- burg E. E. ; Pennsylvania K. R., etc. Dattphin, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn.: on the IC. .■^ide of Susquehanna r., 8 m. N. Ilarrisburg. It is a thriving v. of 1.451 inhabitants. The lino of the Main Division of the Pennsylvania Canal passes through it, 34 m.from Columbia. Davenport, p. v., and Ciip. Scott eo., Ta. : on the W. sitle of the Mississippi r., opposite Eock Island, and 51 m. E. by S. Iowa City. The site is 100 m. below Galena, and 338 above St. Louis. A large amount of business is transacted here, and it is destined to become a place of importance, in rnnnection with the railroad system of the West. It is now connected with Chicago by R. R., and a E. R. is projected hence to Council Bluffs and the Pacific corust. It already supports two newspapers, the " D. Gazette" (whig), and the "Democratic Banner," both published weekly. Pop. 3,400. Davenport, t. and p. v., Delaware co., A'". Y. : 57 m. W. S. W. Albany. Surface hilly, and soils argillaceous loam. Drained by Charlotte r. and its tributaries. Tlie v. lies on the S. side of Charlotte r., and on the Cat-ikiU Post Road. Pop. 2.305. Davenport Centrk. p. v.. Dehiware co., N. >'. ; on the S side of Charlotte r., 61 m. W. S. W. Albany. Davidson county, X. Car. Situate centrally, and con- tains 3S0 sq. m. Drained by numerous creeks of Vadkin r., wliich forms its W. and S. W. borders. Surface undu- lating. Soils ferlile. Products, wheat and Indian corn, with <-otton and tobacca I-'urms 1,L'31 ; manuf is; dwell. 2,30.^. and i>op.— wh. 12,139, fr. col. 1^9, si. 2,992— total 15,3_'o. Cajfitdl: Lexington. Dav iDsoN county, y^w/j. Situate ceulrally, and contains 720 s<|. m. Drained liy numerous creeks of the Cumber- hind r., which passes through it from E. to W. Surface undidating, and agreeably varied. Soils fertile, and pro- ductive of all the grains, with cotton and tobacco in con- siderable quantities. Immense numbers of live-stock are ownetl in tlie co.. and much live and salt provisions export- ed. Manufactures and commerce have also materially ad- v:iu<-cd of late years. Farms 1,3S4; manuf. 169 ; dwell. 4.257, and i>o]).— wh. 23,l*i58, fr. col. S48, si. 14,175— total o^.Hfd. Cajtiful : Nashville. Puhlic Workti : Nashville and t'hattanooga li. R. ; Nashville and Cincitmali E. E. ; Nashville and Louisville E. E.; Nashville and Henderson R. R. ; Nashville and Mississii)pi E. R., etc.; and two rail- loads from Nashville to meet (he Southern lines pointing toward th(! north. Davidson, p. v., Harrison co., lud.: 112 m. S. by "W. Indianajiolis. Davidson, Land p. v., Sullivan co., Perm.: SOm.N. N. E. Harrisburg. Davidson Ckntrk, p. o., Genesee co., Midi. : 56 m. E. N. E. Lansing. Davidson College, p. o., Mecklenburgh co., X. Car.: in the N. ptirt of the co., between Rocky r. of the Tadkin and Davidson's er. of Calawba r., 114 m. W. by S. Raleigh. It is located in an elevated and healthy region. The college that gives name to the p. o. was founded in 1S3S, and in 1S50 had a president and 4 professors, and 60 students. Its alumni numbereihUc Works : Cincinnati and St. Louis K. K. : and Wabash and Erie Canal. Daviess county, K;,. Situate N. W., and contains 400 so. m. Drained bv creeks flowing N. into the Oh,o r.. ,vhich forms the boundary in tliat .lireclion, and by creeks flowing S. into Green r., which bounds the county ». Sur- face uneven. Soils ordinarily fertUe, and producing the cereals, tobacco, etc., in ..bun.lance. Farms 1,05T ; manut is; dwell. 1,0.31, and pop.-wh. 9,423, fl'. col. 50, sL 2,880- lot'al 12,3."i3. C(i:(/itoi; Oweusburgh. Datiiiss county. Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 5.6 sq m. Drained by Grand r. and its numcrons and wide- spreading tributaries. Surface chiefly undulating prairie ; ■ind the soils cvervwhere fertile and productive. Indian eorn and tobacco are largely grown-the other cereals to a less amount. Farms 342 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 784, and pop.- wh. 5,056, fr. col. 1, si. 241-totiiI 6,293. Capital : Gallatin. DA-ns county, la. Situate S. on the Missouri line, and contains 504 sq. m. Drained in the N. by So.ip and Che- quest creeks of Des Moines r., and in the S. by the head waters of Fox. Wyaconda, North Fabiiis, and other rivers flowing into tlie Mississippi. The surface is beautifully diversified, chiefly undulating prairie, with frequent groves of timber. Soils of unsurp;tssed fertility. Farms 013; nianuf 11 ; dwell. 1,1811, and pop.-wh. 7,257, fr. col. 7— total 7,2G4. Capittil: Blooniflcld. Davis couniy, Utith Ter. Situate N. middle, and contains about 1,800 sq. m. Drained by Weber r., the river .Jordan, ami other streams falling into the Great Rait Lake, which forms its W. bouiidar). Surface hilly, with ferlili- valleys, liear Kiver mountains spread over ils eastern seelioiis. .\s ■I firming county it luus excellent facililios. Farms 112; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 215. and pop.-wh. 1,184, fr. col. 0-total 1.1.<)4. Capita!: Farminglon. DAVisBOEOUon, p. v., Washington co., Ga. : on the line of the Central K. R., 122 m. from Savannah, and 46 m. E. by S. Milledgcville. It contains about 60 dwellings. Davis' Cheek, p. o., Washington Co., la. : 17 m. S. Iowa City. Davis' Cref.k, p. o., Dubois Co., Iiu!.: on the cr. so called, 100 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Davis' Cheek, p. o., Fayette co., Ala. ; on the cr. so called, 134 m. N. W. Montgomery. Davis' Mills, p. o., Barnwell dist., 5. Car. : 62 m. S. S.W. Columbia. Davis' Mills, p. o., Bedford co., Virff. : on Goose cr., a tributary of Eoanoke r., 117 m. W. by S. Eiehmond Davison viLLE, p. v., Genesee co., Mich. : 61 m. E. N. E. Lansing. Davis' Stobe, p. c, Bedford co., Virg. : 108 m. W. by S. liiehmond. Davistox, p. v., Talbot CO., Ga. : on the Macon and Co- lumbus Turnpike, 79 m. W. 8. W. MiUedgeville. Davistows, p. v., Greene co., Pmn. : 193 m. W. by S. llarrisburg. Davisville, p. v., Bucks co., renn. : 91 m. E. Harrisburg. Daw-esville, p. v., Cherokee co., K Car. : 814 m.W. by S. Raleigh. DAWi;ra'8 Mills, p. o., Jackson co., 0/iio : 72 m. S. by E. Columbus. Dawsox, p. v., Habersham Co., Ga. : 128 m. N. Mil- ledge vide. Dawsonbceoii, p. v., Fremont co., Ja. : 224 m. W. by S. Iowa City. Da-wson's, p. 0., Alleghany co., Mil. : on the N. W. side of the Potomac r., 11 m. S. W. Cumberland. Dav, t. and p. v., Saratoga co., iV. )'. .- in the N. W. corner of the CO., 40 ni. N. by W. Albany. The surface is liUly. the Kayaderosseras Mountains extending across the town, and the most arable lands are those of the Sacandaga r., which flows through it. The v. lies on the N. side of r. P. 1,0.15. Day's La.nding, p. o., York co., rerm.: on the W. side of Susquehanna r., 81 m. S. S. E. Harrisburg. 168 Day's Stoke, p. o., Hopkins co., i'y. : 168 m. W. S. W. FrankforL Daysville, p. v.. Ogle co., Ili. : 157 m. N. Springfield. Daysville. p. v., Todd co., Ay. ; 152 m. S.W. Frankfort. Dayton, ji. v., Marengo co.. Aid.: on a cr. of the Boguo Chickasaw, a tributary of Tombigbee r. from the E., SI m.W. Montgomery. Dayton, p. v.. La Salle co., TU. : on the W. side of Des- plaines r., 6 m. N. E. Ottawa, and 113 m. N. by E. Spring- field. It is a thriving v., wilh about 250 inhabiuinls. Dayton, p. v., Tippecanoe Co., Iitd. : on the W. side of the W. Fork of Ponceapichoux or Wild Cat r., 54 m. N.W. IiidianapolLs. Dayton, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., Jf. Y. : on Conc- wango cr., and drained by its tribuiaries. Surface undu- lating, and soils clay and gravelly loam. The v. lies on the line of the Erie E. R., 22 m. fl-om Dunkirk, and 202 W. S.W. Albany. Pop. of t. 1,W3. Dayton, t., p. city, and cap. Montgomery co., Ohio: at the confluence of the Mad .and Miami rivers, in lat. 39° «' N., and long. 84° 11' W., 60 m. W. S. W. Columbus. II w one of those new centres of trade and commerce which have sprung up in the Great West wilh the progress of in- ternal improvements, and which, during the decade ending with 1S50, liave been so wonderfully developed. The ground on which the city is built was originally purchased by John Cleve Symmes about the year 1795, and afterward it appears that Governor St. Clair and Jonathan DayUin, with several associates, contracted with Symmes for the purchase and settlement of so much of the original purchase as was included in the coi-porate limits of the present city. The embrvo town received tlie name of Dayton. Symmes being unable to meet his payments, the land reverted to the government, and afterward (in 1799), Daniel C. Cooper, of New Jersey, succeeded to the proprietorship. The town was then laid out upon a plan originally furnished by SI. Clair wilh streets 100 feet wide, crossing each other at right angles. The town plot was divided into 2S0 lots, 100 feet front by 200 feet in deplh ; and upward of 60 out-lots of 10 acres each were laid ofl- at the same time. But it was not till within the present century th.it the town had a tangible existence. In 1S05 it was incorporated by the Legislature, and in 1806 the first brick dwelling was erected; and in ISIO it had only SS3 inhabilanls. Its progress, indeed, seems to have been quite slow until the completion of the internal improvements connecting it with the commercial centres of the West were completed. In 1820 the inhab- itants numbered 1,0.39; in 1S30, 2.954; in )S40, 6,067; and in 1860, 10,977. In 1S29 the Miami Canal, between Cincin- nati and Dayton, was completed, and on the 2.'ith January of that year a canal boat traversed the distance (00 miles) between the two places. From this date the prosperity of Dayton commences. At a later period the canal was opened to Lake Erie. The amount of tolls collected at the port of Dayton, in 1841, was $27,058; in 1S50, $32,876. There are also now upward of 260 miles of M'Adain roads radiating from the city in all directions; and it is now con- nected, through the foUowing railroads, wilh all Ihe principal points of the Union : the Mad River and Erie R. R., 156 m., terminating at Sandusky ; the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton II. R., 60 m., terminating at Cincinnati; the Little Miami R. R., 84 m., at Springfleld ; the Dayton and Western R.R. 40 m., at the State line; the Greenville and Miaiiv n. R.', 86 m., at Greenville and Union; the DayUui an4 Michigan R. R., 140 nl., at Toledo; and the DayUin ani Xenial 16 m., at Xenia. These connect wilh lines reachinj the length and breadth of the United States; and a contin uous line of railroad is under contract from a point on Hit Ohio r., connecting with the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. to Illmoistown, opposite St Louis. The principal points on this road will be Columbus, Dayton, Indianapolis, Terre Haute, and St. Louis. The commerce on all Iho completed railroads is immense, but there is no immediate means of DAi DAY ascertaining its tonnage, description, or value. The com- merce of Dayton by caual, was in 1S50, as exhiliited in tlie following table, wLich gives the amount of the prinei|ial articles received and shipped at the port in the year referred to. Articles. Arrived. CleareJ. Ale and beer bbls. 81.... '2,013 Flour " 3S1 . . . . C4,-l.« Fish, fresh-water " 2,047 '203 OU,linseed " 4.... 4,922 Oil,lard " 47.... 6S0 Pork " .... 472 Salt " 9,i381 .... .SO Whisky " SS . . . . 80,2:37 Eye, barley, ami malt bush. 1,831 14,789 Com " 10,763 .... 184,209 Coal,mincral " 89,95,'3.... 938 Coke " 18,.'S.59 . . . . • Oats " 340 ... . 17,149 Seeds, grass, etc " .... 2,.^21 Seed, flax " 9,508.... 11,174 Wheat " 5,014.... 10,377 Butter lbs. S92 . . . . S4,.M1 liurrblocks " 98,o,'i3 Furniture and baggage " 107,585 404.478 Bacon and pork " 11.022.... 7'23,7!I9 Coffee " 279,170.... 3.3,939 Cotton, raw " 294,902.... Cotton yams " 2,0,56.... 192,864 Candles " 795.... 28,.'«1 Cut Stone " 16.8>7 13,120 Crockery, foreign " 116,662.... 2,700 Eggs " .... 63,477 Fruit, green " 11,729 .... 150,632 Feathers " 337 ... . 2,I114 Grmdstones " 62,006 676 Gypsum " 55,393 1,4011 Glassware " 16;!,113 8,908 Hemp " 11.9:lS.... . Hides and skins " 9,105 78,4*3 Ice " 78.705 .... 1,096.000 Iron, pig, etc " 1,774.712 .... 59,073 Iron, cast " 2,896.715 4:1,069 Lard " 1,653.... 498,8{!6 Leather " 45,770 38.059 Machinery " 89,.3:i3 .... 100,822 Merchandise " 1,93,5,092 .... 830,744 Molasses " S57,.352.... 1.3,000 NaUs and spikes " 888,369 .... 8,758 Oilcake " ....3,167,176 Paper, Ohio " 24,111.... 631.5-36 Powder, Ohio " 6,6sl 15,222 Pot and pearl ashes '* 7,717 88,087 Sugar " 673,448 .... 9,562 Tallow " 3.')S .... 121,713 Tobacco " 16.311 .... 27,161 Tobacco, manufactured " 94,831 14,209 Wool " .... 68,436 White lead " 47,394 .... I,iil5 Sundries " 2,066,495 .... 1,219,938 Hoop poles num. 851,110 72,974 Hogs " . .... 8.497 Staves, etc " 1,657.7.58 6,400 Shingles " 8,420,'2.50 . . . . 110,250 Lath " 1,140,300.... 57,000 Lnmber feet 4,395,273 .... 298.466 Timber " 117,741 .... 4,226 The several locks of the canal afford considerablo motive power within the limits of the city ; and in 1845 the Dayton Hydraulic Comp.any eonstrueted a hydraulic canal from a point at Mad r., 4 m. above the city, by means of which the ■waters of a large and unfailing stream are brought through the place, the surplus water being discharged into the canal, X and thence into the Miami r., below the city. The whole of the power thus obtained is leased to manufacturers, and this addition of motive force is justly ranked as one of the chief sources of the prosperity now enjoyed by the city. A further increase of hydraulic facilities is projected by con- ducting the waters of the Miami above the city, through a canal, and discharging them into the same river below. Dayton surpasses all other western cities of its size in the variety and extent of its manufactories. Among the most notable and extensive are those for the manufacture of rail- road cars on the largest scale ; paper mills, which supply no small part of the West with wrapping, news, and book paper; foundries for stoves, hollow ware, etc., the annual value of these branches alone being at least .$500,000. There is no city in the West so largely engaged in the nianulac- ture and export of linseed oil and oil-cake as Dayton. In 1^50, 134,000 bushels of seed, valued at $103,848, ]iroduced 294,500 gallons of oil, worth at 72 c. per gallon, $213,040; and 8,680 tons of oil-cake, worth at .jlO per ton, $26,800, the difference between the raw seed and manufactured articles being $75,492, which represents the gross earnings of labor and capital employed. The amount of superfine flour manufactured annually in the city is equal to 1'25,000 barrels. There are three chartered banks in the city : one a branch of the State Bank, one an independent bank, and one a free bank under the new law. The aggregaO' eapit:il of these is $350,000. Besides these, there are several private banks, which employ capital amounting to $200,000, making the banking eaiiilal of the place $550,000, a sum inadequate to the increasing wants of the manufacturing and commercial interests of the community. The charter for a city government was granted by the Legislature in 1841. The city, for municipal purposes, is divided into six wards; and its affairs are managed by 12 eouncilmen, representing the several wards in a single body. The present revenue of the city from taxes, licenses, ete.. amounts to $20,000, one-third of which is devoted to educational purposes. The public buildings, though neither so costly nor so perfect in architectural detail as those of the old and wealthy cities of the eoimtry. are neat and substan- tial. The Court House is one of the most elegant in the valley of the Ohio; its dimensions are 127 feet in length by 62 feet in breadth. It is built of hewn blocks of coarse but compact white marble, which abounds in the vicinity — the roof is of .stone and the doors of solid iron, and the slyle of architecture tluit of the Parthenon, with slight improve- ments. The plan seems to be faultless, and the effect of the building imposing: its whole cost exceeded somewhat $100,000. The streets of the city are lighted with gas, sup- plied by a company chartered for that purpose, as are the public buildings, and, as a general thing, also the stores. The gas is made from the bituminous coal found about the head waters of the Ohio, and aSbrds a cheap and excellent light. Coke and tar are also obtained from the coal used in sup])lying the works. There arc two market-houses in the city. Tlie principal one is 400 feet long, and paved with blocks of limestone; and a part of the second story of the buililing is occupied as a City Hall and Council Chamber. Th(( markets exhibit the overflowing abundance of the valley, and prices are here about 20 per cent, below those of Cincinnati, and -10 or 50 per cent, below those of Boston and New York. As the population of the city increases, however, this disproportion in prices will, of course, be less. Besides an excellent female academy and several private schools, there are six free schools in the city, which are eon- ducted in the most admirable manner. Five of these are " common schools ;" the sixth is ealle*! the " High Scliool," a popular college, into which the i)upil3 from the other schools are admitted, when they have attained a pri-seribed advancement in the usual English studies, and sustain a good character. The principal literary institution is the 169 DAY DEC Library Associalion, ■which has laid Ihe foundation of a valuable library, having now upward of 2,000 volumes of selected works. The library is open to minors, imdcr cer- tain restrictions ; and a course of lectures is usually delivered before the Association (Wring the winter months, which is free to the citizens pcuerally. The periodical press of Dayton consists of four daily newspapers (all issuing likewise weekly editions), and one weekly pai>cr : the dailies are, the "Western Empire" (whig), the " Transcript" (neutral), the " D. Journal" (dem.), and the " T>. Gazelle" (wliig) ; and the weekly newspaper is the " D. Advertiser" (whig). In point of energy and talent, the Dayton press is not surpassed by the press of older and more wealthy cities. Dayton, p. v., Eockingham co,, Virg. : 102 m. N. W. Eichmond. Dead Fall, p. o., Abbeville dist, S. Car. : 69 m. "W. Columbia. Dead Kiveb, p. o., Somerset co., Mo. : on Dead r. of the Kennebec, 63 m. S. by W. Augusta. Dead river, Ma.: the "W. branch of Kennebec r. It rises near the boundary of Lower Canada, and afler a course of 70 m., falls into the Kennebec, 20 m. below Moosehead Lake. It passes through a fertile and well wooded country. Deal's Mills, p. o., Caldwell CO., N. Car. : 160 m. "W. by N. Raleigh. Deam, p. v., Owen co., Inch : 49 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Dean's CouNEas, p. o., Saratoga eo., N. Y. : 26 m. N. by E. Albany. Deanstille, p. v., Oneida co., N. T. : on the line of the Chenango Canal, S6 m, W. by K. Albany. Pop, 200. Deaeboen county, //m/. Situate S. E., and contains SOS eq. m. Situate on the Ohio r., and drained by its tributa- ries, the Great Miami, White Water, Laughery, and other streams. Surface generally undulating — in some parts hilly and broken. Soil fertile. Farms 1,520 ; manuf. 72 ; dwell. 3,.M0, and pop.— wh. 20,021, fr. col. 145— total 20,166. Cap- ital : Lawrenccburg. PuUia Works : White Water Canal ; Lawrcnceburg and Upper Mississippi R. R. ; and Cmcinnati and SL Louis R. K. Deaebobnville, p. T., Wayne co., Mich. : on the S. side of River Rouge, 72 m. E. S. E. Lansing. An arsenal of the United States is located here ; it consists of 11 brick build- ings arranged on the sides of a square 860 feet on each side. These buildings are connected by a continuous waU of heavy masonry, 12 feet high. Deardobff's Mills, p. o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on Tuscarawas r., S5 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Deatesville, p. v.. Nelson co., Ky. : 46 m. W. S. W. Frankfort Deatonsvtlle, p. v., Amelia co., Tirg. : 33 m. S.W. by W. Richmond. Deavehtown, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: 52 m. E. by S. Columbus. It is pleasantly situate, and contains about 320 inhabitants. Decatur county, Ga. Situate 8. W. comer of State, and contains STO sq. m. Drained by Flint r., which nms llirough it, and the tributaries of Chattahoochee r., which forms its W. border. Surface moderately uneven, and soils of average fertility. The chief products are cotton and com, with some sugar, etc. Farais 441 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. S9S, and pop.— wh. 4,618, fr. col. 5, si. 3,639— total 8,262. Capital: Bainbridgc. PuhUcWorks: Bainbridgo Branch of Bruns- wick and Florida R. R. Decatur county, Ind. Situate 8. E., and contains 830 sq. m. Drained by Flat Rock, Clifty, and Sand creeks. Surface mostly level or undulating— on the streams some- what hilly. The bottoms arc rich, though small. In the E. and S. there is some flat, wetland. Farmsl,377; manuf. 89: dwell. 2,662, and i)op.— wh. 14,951, fr. col. 156— total 15,107. Capital: Greensburg. Ihihlic Works: Lawrence- burg and Upper Mississippi R. E. 170 Decatitk county, la. Situate S. on Missouri line, and contains 540 sq. m. Drained by the head waters of Welden r., and Crooked Fork of Grand r., which traverse the co. from N. to S. Surface elevated and beautifiiliy diversified, and the soils eminently fertile. Numerous Hungarians arc settled at New Buda, in this county. Farms 46 ; maimf. ; dwell. 145, and pop.— wh. 964, fr. col. 1— total 965. Capital : Nine Eagles. Decatuu county, Term. Situate centrally on the W. side of Tennessee r., and contains 320 sq. m. Drained by creeks of Tennessee r. Surface generally level or undulating, and soils good, producing largely of corn, wheat, etc., with some tobacco. Farms 443; manuf. 15; dwell. 941, and pop.— white 5,203, free col. 17, slave 72^— total 6,003. Capital : Decaturville. Decatub^ p. v., Morgan co., Ala. : on the S. bank of Tennessee r., 146 m. N. by W. Montgomery. The Tu.'icum- bia and Decatur R. R. has its E. terminus at this point; but this R. R. now forms a hnk in the great Memphis and Charleston Route. The v. has considerable trade, and has a weekly newspaper, called the "Morgan Advertiser." Pop. about 700. Decatitk, p. v., and cap. Be Kalb CO., Ga. : on the line of the Georgia R. R., 165 m. from Augusta, and 6 from Atlanta, 82 ra. W. N. W. Milledgeville. It is pleasantly located in a fine hilly region, and is a v. of considerable pretensions. Pop. about 600. Deoatub, p. v., and cap. Macon co.. III. : on the N. W. side of the N. fork of Sangamon r., 89 m. E. by N. Spring- field. It is situate on the edge of an extensive prairie, and in the midst of a fine agricultural region. It is one of the most thriving of the inland towns of the State ; and its fu- ture, when the Central R. R. and other railroads intended to intersect it are finished, will be one of great prosperity. Its inhabitants number some 600, and the immediate vi- cinity is thickly settled. Decatur, p. v., and cap. Adams co., Ind. : on the W. side of St. Mary's r. of the Maumee, 96 m, N. E. Indianapo- lis. It contains a C. 11., jail, and the eo. offices, about 120 dwellin,gs,and 600 inhabitants. It has a weekly newspaper, the"D. Gazette" (whig). Decatub, t. and p. o., Van Buren co., Mich. : on the S. Branch of Pawpaw r., 80 m. W. by S. Lansing. Pop. 8Sf\ Decatur, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Miss. : at the head streams of Chickasawha rivef, 64 m. E. by N. Jackson. Decatfb, t. and p. v., Otsego co., 2^. K ; 46 m. W. Albany. Drained by Elk and other small streams. Sur- face elevated and billy. Soil a sandy loam. Tlie v. contains 23 dwellings and 200 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 927. Decatur, p. v., Brown co., Ohio: between the forks of Eagle cr., 84 m. S. W. Columbus. It is a thriving v., and has several flour, grist, and saw-mills on the neighboring streams. Pop. 171. Decatub, p. v., and cap. Meigs co., Tenn. : about 2 m. S. E. of Tennessee r., and 117 E. 8. E. Nashville. It con- tains the CO. offices and about ISO inhabitants. Deoatub, t. and p. o., Mifllin co., Pt'nn. : in the mount- ains, 42 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg, and watered by Jack's cr. of the Juniata r. It is 14 m. N. E. of Lewistown. Decatub, t. and p. v., Greene eo., Wise. : 82 m. S. Mad- ison. The V. lies on the W. side of Sugar r., a branch of Rock river. Pop. oft. 55S. Decatuevtlle, p. v., and cap. Decatur co., Tenn. : S2 m. S. E. Nashville. Deoaturvillk, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: 73 m. S. E, Columbus. Decker's Creek, p. o. Preston co., Yirg. : on a cr. of Cheat r. so called, 153 m. N. W. Richmond. Deckertown, p. 0., Sussex co., N. Jer. : on the W. sido of Wallkill r, 69 m. N. Trenton. It has several stores, and about 160 inhabitants. The neighborhood is a fine lirao stonc country. DEC DEF Decoeah, p. 0., 'Wiuncsbiek co., Ja.: 113 m. N. by "U". Iowa City. Deduam, t, p. v.. and cap. Norfolk en., Mass. : on Charles r., 13 m. S. S. V>. Bostou. Ncponset r. nins on its V". liDrdor, and a small stream runs from Chark-s r. into Nf|)unai-l r. — those afford good wator-powtr. The whole t. is \v<'Il eiilU- vatod. The v. is pleasantly situated on Charles r., and con- tains about 200 dwellinss, and the co. buildings. Tho Boston and Providence II. K. passes thri.iut;h the t., and gives off a branch R. R., 2 m. long, to the village. Manufactures are carried on to some extent, and there arc two newsjiapers published weekly, the •■• D. Gazette" (,free soil), and the '' Norfolk Democrat." Top. 4,477, Dkeii's Cukek, p. 0., Kosciusko co., Ind. : 100 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Deeusville, p. v., Jefferson co., Ja. : 4G m. S. by W. Iowa City. Deep Creek, p. v., Norfolk co., Virg. : at the N. terminus of tho Dismal Swamp Canal, and on both sides of it, 87 m. S. E. Riehmond. It has a considerable trade, and exports cedar-wood and other products of the Swamp. Pop, about IGO. The canal extends between Deep cr., a l)ranch of Elizabeth r., 10 m. from Norfnlk, and Joyce's cr., funning thus a connection between Albemarle Sound and llamjdon Roads — length 23 miles. It is fed by Lake Drunnnond, and the teeder, 3i m. lung, 2^ feet deep, and 12 feet wide, is also navigable. The nuun canal is 411 feet wide and G feet deep, and has 5 stone locks on it, lno feel I)y 'J2 feet. Deep Cdt, p, o., Mercer co,, 0/iio: 94 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Deepikill, p, v., Renssalaer CO., KY.: on the line of tbe Troy and Boston R. R., 7 m. from Troy, and 13 N. by E. Albany. Deep River, p. v.. Middlesex co., Comt: 33 m. S. by E. Hartford. It is situate at the confluence of Deep r. with the Connecticut. Deep River, p. o., Lake eo., T/uf. : on Deep r., a branch of Caluraic r, 136 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Deep River, p. o., Poweshiek co., la. : 56 m. Vi. by N. Iowa City. Deep Ritkr, p. o,, Guilford co., N, Car. : on the r. so ealled, a constituent of Cape Fear r., 72 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Deep river, K. Car. : one of the constituents of Cape Fear r. It has its sources in Guilford co., where it passes through Randolph into Moore and Chatham counties, in tho last of which it joins the Haw, the principal branch, from which point it assumes the name of Cape Fear River. Deep Wateii, p. o., Henry co., Mo, : on the N. side of Deep "Water cr., a tributary of Osage r., 100 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. Deep Water, p. o., Marshall co., Miss. : 1C7 m. N. by E. Jackson. Deep "Well, p. o., Iredi-ll co,. K. Car. : 122 m. W. Rateigli. Deer Beook, p. o., Noxubee co., MUs. : lOS m. N. E. Jackson. Deer Creek, p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 29 m. S. E. Lansing. Deer Creek, p, o., Mercer co., Penn. : 216 m. V,'. N. W. Harrisburg. Deer Creek, p. o,, Carroll co,, Iii(7. ; on a or. of ^Yabash r. so called, Gl m. N. by \V, Indianapolis. Deer or. is a fine mill-stream rising in the S. i)art of Miami ro., and running through Cass and Carroll counties to the Wabash, which it joins near Delphi, Deer Creek, p. o., It-sa— total S,*2-15. Ctipiial: Lebanon. Public Works: Selma and Tennessee Kiver R. R. De Kalb connty, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains H60 sq. m. Drained by branches of the Ocmulgee r. and of the Chattahoochee r., the latter of which forms the N. W. border. Surface, an elevated table-land, and of a productive soil. Indian com and wheat, with cotton and tobacco, form its staples. Farms 1.019; manuf. 45; dwell. 1,792, and pop.— wh. 11,372, fr. col. 32, si. 2.924— total 14.338. Capital: Decatur. Public Works: Georgia E. R. ; West- era and Atlantic R. K. ; Macon and Western E. E. ; La Grange E. E., etc. Ke Kalb county, III. Situate on the summit between the Illinois and Rock rivers, and contains 64S sq. m. Drained by Kishwaukee r., flowing N. W, to Eock r., and Fox r. and its branches, flowing S. to the Illinois. Surface chiefly prairie, with groves of timber besutifuUy varying the scene. Soils deep, dark, and rich. Farms S12; manut". 4; dwell. 1,303, and pop.— wh. 7,539, fr. col. 1— total 7,540. Capital: Sycamore. De Kalb county, /;wf. Situate N. E., and contains 365 sq. m. Drained by SL Joseph's of the Maumce, and its several tributary creeks. Surface undulating, and, with tho exception of some wet prairies, heavily timbered. Soils ox- cellcnt Farms 831 ; manuf. IG; dwell. 1,421, and pop.— wh. S.241, fr. col. 10— total 8,251. Capitst into the Chesapeake, and others east into tlie Dehiware. At the southern extremity of the State is the Cypress Swamp, a morass 12 miles in length and 6 miles in width, including an area of 50,000 acres of land, the whole of which is a high and level basin, very wet, though undoubte3 bushels; hops, :54S pounds; water-rotted hemp, 570 tons; flax, 11,0.50 pounds ; flax-seed, S5S bushels ; molasses, 50 gallons ; wine, 145 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products amounted to $46,574; and the value of market-garden productn, to $12,714. Pro'UtctH of Animals.— ^odi., 57,765 pounds ; butter, 1,055,308 pounds ; cheese, 3,1S7 pounds ; and the value of animals Blanghtercd in the year, $373,665. Beeswax and honey were jiroduced to the amount of 41,243 pounds. Ilmne-made majivfactures, for the year ending 1st June, 1^50, were valued at $33,121. Mtniv/actn res.— Aggregate capital invested in manufactures, $0,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc.. consumed, $0,000,000; average number of hands emj)loyed, 00,000— males, 00,000, and females, 0,000; average monthly cost of labor— male, $000,000, and female, $00,(iOO; annual value of manufactured articles produced, $P,ooO,Of'0. The whole number of manufacturing establishments, producing to the value of $500 and upward in 1^50, was 513 ; and of tlicsc, 12 were cotton factories, S woolen mills, 15 eslablishmcnts engaged in manufacturing iron, viz. : 13 iu manufacturing c^islings, and 2^^Tought iron, and 16 tanneries. In the cotton manufactures, the capital invested amounted to $460,000 ; the cotton con- 173 DELAWARE. gumed in the year, 4,?30 bales of 400 pounds ; and the value of all raw mat^'rial, $312,06S ; hands employed — male 413, and female 425 ; monthly cost of labor— male $6,326, and female $4,926 ; products for the year, 3,521,630 yards sheeting, etc., and 533,000 pounds yam, valued together at $535,439. The capital invested in the icooleii manufacture was $145,500 ; wool consumed, 893,000 pounds ; value of all raw material, $204,172 ; average hands employed — male 122, and female IS ; monthly cost of labor— male $2,293 and female $812 ; annual products, 152,000 yards of cloth, etc., valued in the aggregate at $251,010. In the manufacture of castings^ the capital invested was $373,500 ; the value of raw material, fuel, etc., $153,852 ; hands employed, 250, at average wages per month, $23.36. Castings mamifactured in the year, 3,630 tons ; and value of entire products, $267,462, of which $55,000 was the value of articles other than castings. The capital invested in icrougld iron manufactures, amounted to $15,000 ; value of raw materials, $10,500 ; han"W«'- Surfiico ohiofly jirairic, iiiliT- liiixcil Willi liiiiluT Ri-ovcs. Soils of gooil quiilily, y \alicys and uiountains; the latter being cxtroineiy irregular, and broken by numerous streams. Soils generally of good quality- in the valleys a rieli deep mold, and on the Iiills a sandy loam, somctime.s atony. Dense forests cover a great portion of tlie land. Grain and grass are produced aliuml- aiitly, and grazing U much attended to, the butter produced being second only in quality to lliat of Oneida co. Lum- ber is floated to market on tlie Delaware and Silsquehanna rivers. Farms 4,747 ; manuf. 438 ; dwell. 7,105, and pop— wh. 89,C2S, fr. eol. 2110— total 30,834. CapiUd : Delhi. J'uti- lic lloj-to; New York and Erie U. U. Dm.AWABB county, Ohio. Situate centrally, and con- tains Cl'2 sq. m. Drained by Scioto and Wlielslone rivers, and Alum and Big Walnut creeks, which run from N. toS. tlirougli tlie CO., and t\irnisli extensive water-power. Sur- face rolling, and well supplied with timber. Soils gen- erally of excellent fertility— wlicat, Indian corn, potatoes, grasses, tobacco, etc., grow finely, and catdc, sliecp, and swluo are raised in largo numiicrs. Farms 1,855; niamif. 95; dwell. 8,754, and pop— wh. 21,083, IV. eol. 135— total 21,817. aij)it9— total 24,070. Ctipiliil: Chester. PiMio n'orks: Philadelphia and Co- lumbia R.E.J Philadolphia, Wilmington, and Btdtinioro K. n., etc. Delawauk, p. T., Jersey co,, HI. : in the N. E. part of thp CO., 61 m. S. W. Springncld. Dklawaue, p. o., Itipley co., Ind. : 72 m. S. E. Indian- apolis. Delaware, p. o., Indian country, Jft>?«'. Ter. Delawaue, t. and p. v., Pike co., Pemi. : on the W. side of Delaware r., 126 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Tlie v. lies on the Delaware. The lands are drained by Dingiuan's cr. and Bushkill cr. Pop. SOI. Delawaue, I., p. v., and cap. Delaware co., Ohio ; on Iho W. bank of the (lleatangy or Whetstone r., 22 ra. N. by W. Columbus. The t. contains a handsome C. U. and other CO. oOlces, C churches, several factories and miiis, etc., and of late has become connected with tlie railway commerce of the State, by which 11 will rapidly increase in importance and wealth. It lies on the line of an E. and W. railroad, and h.as connections willi the Cleveland, Columbus, and Oiucinnati It. It., which runs N. and S. about 4 m. to 176 DEL the eastward of tlio place. Thcso connect it with tlio general system of western railroads, and hence with all tlio great centres of niamifactures, trade, and commerce. Tho "Democratic Standard" (dem.), ami the "Democratic Oa- zclla" (whig), are issued weekly. Pop. of v. 2,075— of t. 3,322. Delawaek bay : at the mouth of Delaware r., is a largo arm of the sea, 75 m. Icing and 2ll across its moutli, belwccu Cape May on the N. and Capo Ilenlopen on the S. In tho middle it is 80 in. wide. The navigation is dangerous and dilllciilt, liciiig interrupted by many shoals, llclow Port Penn, 70 111. from ttic ocean, the liay has no safe natural barrier, nor is there one for several humlrcd ni. S. from New York. To partially remedy tliis inconvenience, tlio United States Government have erected a inagnillcent breakwater within Cajie ilenlopen. The anchorage ground, or roadstead, is in a cove directly west of the Cape. Tho east or seaward end of the breakwater rests on the S. end of an extensive shoal, cidled tho Shears, about 2 m. N. of tho Capo. (A'C(> Delawaue, The Slate of). Delaware river: rises in two branches on the W. sido of Catskill MounUiins, in the State of New Y'ork— tlie Mo- hawks, or main brnncli, rises from a small lake near the bor- ders of Schoharie County, in 42° 45' N. laL, al an elevation of 1,880 feel above llile water, and flows S.W. across Delaware County, nearly 50 m. to the E. line of Broome County, witliiri 10 ni. of tho Susquehanna r., and turning suddenly, it pur- sues a 9. E. course of 5 m. lo tlio Pennsylvania line, in 42<' N. lal., 8 m., below whicli it receives the Popacton brancli from llie 8. E. This branch rises in Koxbury township, Delaware CO., and pursues a S. W. course, about 50 m. parallel with Ihc main branch. From the Junction of tlio two branches the river proceeds In a wuiding course, S. E. for CO m. to the N. W. corner of New Jersey, in 41° 24' N. lat. al Carpcnlcr's Point, and tlie mouth of Nevcrsink r. It tlien turns to tho 9. W., along the base of the Killaning chain ofnionnlains, .36 ni., wlicn it passes tliis mountain by wlial is called the " Water Gap," which is considered a natural wonder. The distance through the mountain is about 2 m., and llic banks rise in a rugged and lolly wall, 1,600 feel high, precipitously from the water's edge, leaving al llie S. E. entrance scarcely room for a road, overhung Willi immense masses of rock. Tho passage, however, widens toward tlio N. W., imd tho river contains somo beaiitilul and fertile islands. Through this gap will bo built a railroad, connecting llie Wyoming eoal-tletd of Penn- sylvania Willi the Eastern raarkcls. Tlie view of the gap is li'ighly jiicturcsque, and tlie river here has great depth. From Uiis point it pursues a S. E., and then a S. W. course to Easton, where it receives the Lehigh, a large tributary river, IVom the W. A little below, the river passes through South Mountain, and has a S. E. course to Trenton, GO m. below Elusion, having in that dislance 25 rapids, with a total fall of 1C5 feel. These rapids are navigable al liigli water. At Trenton is a fail thai obstructs navigation, and below which it enters tide water. Tlie river 8. of Trenton turns lo the 8. W., until near the bay, which enters llic ocean in a 8. E. direction. Five miles below Philadelphia, it receives the Sclmylkill r., a large Iriliutary from tlie N. W. Tho whole course of the r., from its source to the entrance into tlie bay, is about 800 m., ami to its culmnco into the ocean, 875 ra. It is navigable for ships of the line to Philadelphia, by the course of tho river aud bay 120 m. from the ocean, and 45 111. from the entrance into tlie bay ; and for sloops 85 m. farther, or 155 from the ocean lo Trenton. Above tho falls, al Trenton, it is navigable for boats of 8 or 9 tons for 100 m. The Delaware r. is connected with tho Hudson r. and the bays of New Y'ork by tho Delaware and Hudson Canal, by tho Morris Canal, and by the Delaware and P.ariUin Canal. On these great works, a vast amoiinl of coal from the Pennsylvania and Maryland mines is an- nually transported, 'f licre is also a canal from Delaware City, 42 mites below Philadei]ihia, lo Back cr., a tributary of Elk r., which falls into Chesapeake Bay ; this opens a DEL DEN navigable comiminlHution between lialtiiiiDre ami Pliiladd- pliiu, I'to. Several bridges cross llio Delaware, Uie lowest S ni. ■\V. N. W. Itarrisburg. Dki.av, p. o., La Eayettc co., Afi'is. : 142 ni. N. by K. Jackson. DKLKfTABLB illLI., p. V., Plko CO., ItkI. ." 100 lU. S. W. Indianapolis. b Di.i,nr, p. v., Jersey co., 7?'. ; &i ni. S. S. W. Springfield. DiiMii, ]), v., and cap. Delaware co., la.: on a er. of Mak(HjU(-tii r., 50 m. N. by K. lowii City. It is situated in the centre of the co., and about 8 ra. N. E. of Makoquuta river. DKi.nr, t., p. v., and cap. Duhiware co., jY }'..• 60 m. W. y. W. Albany. 'J'he surfaco is somewhat broken by fleveral tributaries of I>elaware r., which here unite and form the Mohawks or W. branch of that river. The soil in tlie valleys is highly fertile. Tiio v. ts pleasantly situate on a plain, W. of the Mohawks, and contains about 800 inhab- itanl-s. Jt haa a substantial court-house and jail, an ineur- poralcd academy, numerous factories, mills, and meeJianic filutps, and between 25 and 80 st^jres. Two newspapers nro Lssucd weekly, tJie " D. Express" (whig), and the "D. Ga- zette" (dem.) Delhi has a daily connection with Catskill and Kingston by stages. I'op. ii,!>('9. DKr.nr, p. v., Winnebago co., Wt'sc: 79 m. N. N. E. Madison. Dkliii Ckntiik, p. o., Ingham co., Mie/r. : 7 m, 8. Lansing. Dki.lona, p. v., Kaukco., Wl^c: on Deli cr. of Wisconsin r., 'J;J m. N. W. Maiiiscm. Dici-rm, p. v., and cap. Carroll co., /nd.: on the high N. bank of Deer cr, one mile from ils eonfluenci- with the Wabash r.. anri on tlie line of the Wabiish and Krie Canal, 60 m. N. W. Indianapolis. It contains a wjurt-house and other public oftlces, 5 churches, about 200 dwellitigs, and 1,200 inhabitants, and liere are published the " Weekly Times" (deni.), and the "Delj.hi Journal" (whig), both Issued weekly. It has an active canal businens, and is a depot of a very fertile, extensive, and rapi.'>0. Delta, p. v., Parke eo., Tnd. : 90 m. W. Indianapolis. Delta, t. and p. o., Katon co.. ^firh. : 4 m. W. Lansing. Grand r. runs through the N. and E. parts of the t. P. 242, Delta, p. v., Coahoma co., Mim. : on the E. bank of tho Mississippi r.. immediately below the Yazoo liayou, 183 m. N. by W. Jackson. Delta, p. v., Oneida co., K Y. : on the W. side of Mo- hawk r. and tho Itlack liiver Canal, 90 m.W. N.W. Albany. It has several factories and mills, and about 800 inhabilunts. Delta, p. v., Fulton co., Ohio: on a er.of Maumco r.,122 m. N. N. AV. Columbus. Dkmochai'V. p. v., Knox co., O/tio: on the lino of tho Springfield, Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg li. Ji.,4G m.N. E. Colunilnis, Dkmocuacv, \). v.. Pike county, A'l/.: IM m. E. S. E. Frankfort. Demociiat, p. v., Kuncombc CO., K Car. : 2;JS ni. W. l;aU-igh. Dhmocuat, p. o., Iroquois county, III. : 123 m. N. E. Springlleld. DicMoi'oLis, i>. T.. Marengo CO., Ala. : on tlie E. side of Tonibigbeo r., a little lielow llie contluenee of Illaek Warrior r, 92 m. W. by N Moulgomery. It is a flourishing v., haa considerable comtnerce, and a i»opuIation rjf 800 souls. Dk,mos, p. v., lielniont eo., Ohio: 114 ni. E. Columbus. DKMrsEVTOWN,p.v., Vcuaugo CO., /V7i7i. ; 17;3ra.W.N.W. Harris burg. Dknmakk, v., Iroquois co., III.: 12S m. N.E. Bprlngfiold. Denmakk, p. v., LrM: eo., lu. : about 3 ni. 8. of Skunk r., and 08 S. by E. Iowa City. Denmark, t. aiul p, o., Oxford eo., jV>'.: on tho N. side of Saco r., fiG m. 8.W. Augusta. It is a lino wheat-growing section. Pop. 1,2-18. Denmakk, t. and p. v., Lewis co,, A'l }'. ; on the W. sldo of IJIaek r., 120 m. N. W. Albany, and drained chielly by Deer cr. Surface somewhat hilly, ami soil, rich loam, on a Umestone basis. The v. lies on the river bank, and contains ab(tut 80 dwellings ainI 2^0 inhabilants. P»ip. oft. 2.2S4, Dknmai'.k, t. and p. o., Aslitabula co,, Ohio: ICS m.N.E. Columbus, pop. 241. DicNMAKK, p. v., Madison co„ Teim,: on a cr. of Hig Uatehie r, 188 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Dennino, p. v., Ulster co., jV. )'. ; 07 m. S. by W. Albany. De.nkis, t. and p. v., IJurnstable co., Mam.: 04 n\. S. E. Boston. The t. extends across Cape Cod. The v. lies on Cape ('ole tonnage, which \& engaged iu coasting and the shore fisheries. Pop. 3,267. Den.ms' Ceeek, p. o,. Capo May co., K. Jar. : on Dennis cr., a tributary of ])elaware r,, 09 ni. S, Trenton. Dennis' Mu.i^, j). o., St. Helena iiar,, J.a. : 30 m. N. E. Raton Kouge. Dknnison's Ctal 041. Cajnt'il: Alton. Benton, p. v., and cap. Caroline eo., Md.: on tho E. side of Choplank r.,80 m. K. by S. Annajfolis. It is a place of considerable trade, and contains a substantial court- bouse, three churches, a bank, etc. 177 DEN DET Denton Ceeek, p. v., Denton co., Tex.: on Denton Fork of Trinity r., 216 m. N. by E. Austin City. Dknville, p. v., Morris co., iV' J&\: 49 m. N. by E. Trenton. Depanville, p. v., .Teffcrson Co., N. Y.: at the falls of Catfish cr., IGS m. N. W. Albany. It contains several mills and about 30 dwcUinga, De 1'eysteb, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., IT. Y. : on the P. of Black Lake and Oswegatchic r., 152 m. N. W. Albany. The soils are excellent — surface undulating. The vilhigo is a sniall agricultural settlement, containing about 40 inhabitants. De Pieke, p. v., and cap. Brown co., Wise. : on the E. side of the Neenah or Fox r., 112 m. N. N. E. Madison. It is situated at the De I'iere rapids, which afford immense water-power. It is a village of great expectations. Deposit, p. v., Delaware co., S. Y. : on the N. side of Delaware r., 90 m. S. "W. Albany. The New York and Erie 11. E. passes through the place, 1S7 m. from New York and 2S2 m. from Dunkirk. It has long been noted as a place of deposit for lumber floated down the Delaware, and has otherwise an extensive and valuable trade. The population is now about &00 souls. The "D. Courier" is published weekly. Deeby, t and p. v., New ITaven co., Omn. : .36 m. S. S.TY. Barlford. Drained by Naugatuck r. and other streams of the Housatonic r., which last washes its S. W. border. The principal village is situated at the head of sloop navigation, on the E. side of the Ilousatonic, just below the confluence of the Naugatuck, 12 m. from the sound. It has consider- able coasting trade. The I. has numerous manufactures, chiefly of -wool and cotton. Pop. 3,S24- Derby, L and p. v., Orleans co., Venn. : 55 m. N. by E. Montpelier. Lake Memphremagog bounds it on the AV., and the Interior is drained by Clyde r., wliich rises in Salem Pond, and affords water-power. The country is here well timbered and the lands fertile. Pop. 1,750. Derby Line, Orleans CO., Venn.: 53 m. N. by E. MontpeBer. Dekickson's Cross Hoads, p. o., "Worcester co., Md. : on tho S. side of Aydclotte*3 Branch of Pocomoke r., 78 m. S. E. Annapolis. Derry, t. and p. v., Eockingham co., K JTamp.: 2S m. S. S. E. Concord. Its lands are well adapted to grazing, and it has some manufactures. The \illagc is pleasantly located on the E. side of Beaver r., and is intersected by the Manchester and Lawrence E. R., 11 ni. from Man- chester. Pop. oft. 1,^50. De Eutter, t. and p. v., Madison co., JV" Y. : 105 m. "W. Albany. Drained by the ujiper stream of Tioughnioga r. Surface high and hilly, with soils clay and sandy loam. The V. on the S. E. side of the r. has about 60 dwellings and 350 inhabitants. Pop. oft, 1,931. Des Ako, p. 0., Prairie co., Ark: Desha county, Ai'/c. Situate S. E., and contalna 612 sq. m. The Arkaasas and "White rivers unite in this co., and fall into the Mississippi, wliich borders it on the E. Bayou Bartholomew also traverses the co. from N. W. to S. E., be- sides which drainage is effected by a numberof lakelets and creeks tributaries to the great streams above named. Sur- face low and level, subject to extensive inundations. Soils fertile, where susceptible of cultivation. Farms 1 IS ; manuf. 2; dwell. 860, and pop.— wh. 1,675, fr. col. 56, si. 1,16U~ total 2,900. CaintGl : Napoleon. Des Moines county, la. Situate S. E. on Mississippi r., and contains 3S4 sq. m. Drained by Flint cr. and other tributaries of the Mississippi. Skunk r. washes the S. bor- der, and has also several creeks frlied by means of a steam-engine, which works a forcing pump Itiat is fixed several feet below the surface of the river, and is found fully adequate to furnish an abundant supply of good and wholesome water to the whole city. Connected with these works there are said to be about 4 m. of iron pipe and 10 m. of tamarack logs, and 50 hydrants or fire plugs, all of which cost the city some $150,003. Detroit, although one of the most ancient settlements in Nnrlh America, is, to every appearance, and in reality, of recent growth. Of the ancient style of the French build- ings, scarcely a vestige remains. The city is mostly built of wood, although there are a goodly number of substan- tial brick buildings. The most interesting of the public buildings are the old Stale House ; the United Slates build- ings (of polished limestone) ; the Slate buildings for the Supreme Court and public offices ; the County Court House ; the County Jail ; the City H.aH and market ; and the Fire- men's Hall. There are also 16 churches in the city, many of which are worthy of special notice ; of these 4 are Ro- man Catholic, 2 Episcopalian, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Scotch Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 3 Methodist, 2 Baptist, 1 German Lutheran, and 1 Sailors' Bethel. The new Catholic Cathedral, or St. Peter's Church, is a large and substantial edifice, and being high, massive, and of good proportions, it has an imposing appearance. It is built of brick, and is 160 feet long and SI feet wide. The corner-stone was laid 2(lth June, 1S45, and it was consecrated 29th June, 1R4?. The Cathedral of St. Anne, known as the French Cliurch, is 116 feet long by 60 feet wide. Tlie First Presbyterian Church is also a good, substantial, and well-appearing brick edifice, with a portico and colonadc in front, includmg which its length is 100 feet and its breadth 60 feci. In ad- dition to these churches there are several religious societies which meet in other public buildings. Detroit has several extensive manufactories. It has five larg'^ steam saw-niills, which annually turn] out upward of 9.000,fi00 feet of lumber and -i.Ofin.OCO laths. These are sit- uated directly on the river, and receive, without the troul-le of land carriage, the lumber chiefly brought down from the northern parts of the State. Ship and boat building is also a verj- large and important branch of business. There are also three large founle streams from the American, and two or three from the Canadian shore. The most considerable is the Kouge. There are a number of islands that divert its waters, though they add to the beauty of ils scenery. Among the largest are Grosse and Fighting islands. From some cause, there appears to have been a peculiar attraction to the banks of the Detroit more than to any other slream in Michigan. The first settlements of the French were made on it, and the French travelers found tbrce tribes of Indians equally tenacious in their attachment to it. From a gradual accession, its banks on either side have been subdued and settled, so that in many places, for miles, it has the appear- ance of a continued village of a much older country than the recent State of Michigan. Like the lakes which it con- nects, it abounds with fine fish, the taking of which has become lucrative. The navigation of the strait is easy, and in the season of it, its waters are covered with steamboats and vessels of every description. The Detroit, although but a few miles in length, is one of the ple:isantest and most beau- tiful streams in the United States. "With banks of great fertility, covered with orchards of various fruit, with farms cultivated and productive, accompanied with incomparable scenery, tlie prospect is rendered exceedingly delightful in passing up the strait DEvEKEArx, p. v., Herkimer co., N. Y, : 69 m. N. "W. by "W. Albany. Devebeaitx's Store, p. o., Hancock co., Ga. : 15 m. N. E. Milledgeville. Devon, p. v., Henry county, Ind. : 42 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. De Witt county, 7?/. Situate centrally, and contains 4GS sq. m. Drained by tributaries of the Sangamon r. Surface chiefly an elevated prairie, with a good portion of wood. Soils dark and rich. Farms 4S2; manuf. IS; dwell. SSI, and pop.— wh. 5,nul, fr. col. 1— total 5,002. Capital: Clin- ton. Pu7dtc Work.9: Illinois Central K. R. De WiTr county. Tea*. Situate S. W., and contains 6S0 sq. m. Drained chiefly by the Guadahipe r. and ils branches. Surface varied, but not hilly — a deep valley following the course of the Guadalupe, which traverses the co. from N. to S. Soils very fertile, producing cotton, sugar, ancl the grains. Farms 100; manuf. 3; dwell. 237, and pop.— wh. 1,14S, fr. col. 0, si. SOS— total 1,716. Cupltal: Cuero. De AViTT, p. v., De Witt co.. III. : on the N. side of Salt cr. of Sangamon r., 53 m. E. N. E. Springfield. De Witt, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., la.: abont4m. N. of Wapsipinicon r., and 49 m. E. by N. Iowa City. De Witt. t. and p. v., Clinton county, Midi.: 2 m. N. Lansing. The v. is located on the N. bank of T-ooking- glass r. It is a flourishing place, and has a newspaper, the "Clinton Express." which is issued weekly. Pop. 706. De Witt, p. v., Carroll co., Mo. : ou the N. bank of the 180 Missouri r.. a!)niit 5 m. W. of the mouth of Grand r,, SI m. N. W. .Jetrcrson (.'ity. De Witt, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., N. Y.: on both sides of Butternut cr., and adjoining the city of Syracuse, IH m, W. Albany, The surlhce is uneven, and there is abundance of water-Jime. which is largely quarried and exported. The v. on the W. side of the cr. is a small agri- cultural settlement. Pop. of t. 3,3u2. De Witt\-ille, p. v., Chautauquo co., K. Y. : 236 m. W. by S. Albany. Dexteh. t. and p. o., Penobscot co.. Me.: on the water- shed between Konnebec and Penobscot rivers, 49 m. N. N. E. Augusta. The v. ii^ located at the outlet of a large pond of 5(10 acres, and has good hydraulic power. The »n\\ of the U is fertile, and produces excellent wheat Pop. 1,94S. Dextek. p. v., Washtenaw co., Mich. : on MiU cr., at its confiuence with Huron r.. 42 m. E. S. E. Lansing. It is a tliriving v., and has an abundance of water-power ; and the Michigan Central It. K. passes through it 4G m. from Detroit, and 2;iC m. from Chicago. Dexter, p. v., Jefferson co., A^. Y. : on the N. side of Black r. at its mouth, 147 m. N. AV. Albany. It has an un- interrupted communication with Lake Ontario through Black liiver Bay, and piers have been conatructcd by the United States to improve its harbor. Within the v. are sev- eral extensive mills and factories, worked by water-power; and the Watertown and liome U. 11. passes near it Pop. 700. Diamond Gbove, p. o., Jasper co., Mo. : 146 m. S. W. Jefl"ersun City. Diamond Gkove, p. o., Brunswick co., Vlj'g, : on the N. side of Meherrin r., 55 m. S. S. W. Kichraond. Di.vMOND Hill, p. o., Anson co., A''. Car. : 104 m. S. W. Kaleigh. Diamond Hill, p. o.. Providence co., H. I. Diana, t. and p. o., Lewis county, K. Y.: 124 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Inc^an r., and the S. branch of Oswe- gatcliie r. Surface hilly, and soil, sandy and gravelly loam, adapted to grass. Diana Mills, p. v., Buckingham co., Yit'g. : 72 m. W, Ilichmond. DiAs Ckeek, p. v.. Cape May county, M. Jer. : 67 m. S. Trenton. DuKENSONTiLLE, p. v., llusscll CO., Ylrg. : 267 m.W. by S. Eielimond. DicKEvsviLLE, p. v., Grant co., THsc. .• on the S., and 2 m. disUnnt from Platte r., 09 m. W. S.W. Madison. Lead is abundant in tlie neighborhood. Dickinson county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 432 sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomee in 1850. Dickinson, t and p. v., Franklin county, 2^. Y. : 142 m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by Kacket r. and the upper streams of St liegis r. The N. part of the t. only is inhab- ited, the S. being still a wilderness, abounding in lakes, and covered with dense forests. The v. is on Deer r., a con- stituent of the St. Regis river. Pop. of 1 1,1 19. Dickinson, t and p. o., Cumberland co., Penn, : 24 m. S. W. Ilarrisburg. The country is hilly, and the soils cal- careous. Iron ore abundant Yellow Breeches cr. affords good water-power, and there are several factories and mills along its banks ; also several furnaces and forges. Popu- lation, 3,037 Dickinson, p. v., Franklin co., Virg. : 145 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. Dickinson's Store, p. o., Bedford county, Virg. : 117 m. W. by 3. Kichmond. Dickson county, Tenn, Situate centrally, and contains 724 sq. m. The co. lies on the watershed between the Cumberland and TcHnessee rivers, the former of which forms ils N. E. line. The surface is varied, and the soils of average fertility, producing all the grains, with some tobacco and cotton. Timber abund.int Farms 467; manuf. 14; dwell. I0.OS^>. and pop.— wh. 6,'2S5, fr. col. 1, si, 2,113— total S,404. Capital : Charlotte. Public Works : Nashville BIG DOD nnd Henderson E. R. ; an-l the Nashville and Mississippi K. R. Dickson's Mills, p. o., Rarke county, Ind. : 59 m. W. Indianapolis. DiGHToN, t.. p. v., and port, Brislol on., Ma.^f^. ; 3S ni. S. Boston. Situated on the W. siite of Taunton r., which is navigable to tills place for small vessels. It has some manufactures, and considerable shipping is built and owned in the town. On the opposite side of the r. is "Ditjhton Rock," celebrated for an ancient inscription which has never been satisfactorily interpreted. Pop. 1,(^41. Dille's Bottom, p. o., Belmont county, Ohio: 104 m. E. Columbus. DiLLox, p. o., Tazewell co., 7?^. ; about 3 m. N. of ifack- inaw cr. of Sangamon r.. M m. N. by E. Springfield. Dillon's Run, p. o., Hampshire co., Vt'rg. : 146 m. N-W. Richmond. DiLLSBOROUGn, p. V., Dcarbom co., Tn<7. : about 4 m. N. of LauEchery er., 71* m. ?. E. Indianapolis. DiLi-SRUitGU, p. v., York co., Pt-nn. . 13 m. S. S. W. Ilarrisburg. DiLLWoETnTOWN", p. v., Chcstcr CO., T'f'jfM. .* 69 m.E.S.E. Ilarrisl)urg. Dtmmiok, p. v., La Salle county, lU. ; 123 in. N. N. E. Springfield. DiMocK. t and p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 113 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. DiNGMANSEunG, V., Shelby co., Ohio: 63 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Dikoman's Ferey, p. o., Pike co., Penn, : on Dingmai's cr. of the Delaware r., 123 m. N. E. Harriaburg. DixsMORE, t. and p. o., Shelby co., Ohio: in the N. part of lite CO., 72 m. "W. N. W. Columbus. DINW^DDIE county, Virg, Situate S. E., and contains 616 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Appomattox and Nottoway rivers, which bound it N. and S. respectively. Surface raoDiE CouRT-HouRE. p. T., and cap. Dinwiddle co.. Virff. : on the X. side of Stoney cr. of Nottoway r., 85 m. S. by W. Richmond. Dinwidpie's Tan- Yard, p. c, Campbell co., Tlrg. : 95 m. S. W. Richmond. Dirt Town, p. v., Chattooga count}', Ga. : 16S m. N. W. Milled gev ill e. Dismal Swamp, Virg. anws into Maurice Cove, of Delaware Bay. 09 m. S. by W. Trenton. The cr. is navigable to the v., which contains about Iso inhabitants. Dix Creek, p. o., Chickasaw co., J//w. ; 127 ra. N. E. by N. Jackson. DisriELD, t and p. o., Oxford co., 3f(\ : on the N. bank of Androscoggin r., 31 m. W. N. W. Augusta. It has a productive soil, well ad-.ipted to the growth of wheat. Pop. 1,1S0. Dix Hill, p. o., Suflblk co., K Y. : 124 m. S. by E. Albany. DixMONT, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 3S m. N. E. Augusta, Surface undulating and the soil fertile. It is sit- uated on the highland between the Kennebec and Penob- scot, and drained by affluents of both rivers. It has con- siderable water-power and fine mill seats. Pop. 1.605. DixMONT Mills, p. o., Penobscot co., Jfe. : 3G m. N. E. Augusta. Dixon, p. v., and cap. Lee co,, III. : on the S. E. side of Rock r., 142 m. N. by E. Springfield. The line of the Central R. R. crosses Rock r., at this point Dixon's Mills, p. o., Marengo co., Ala. : 92 m. W. by S. Montgoraer>\ Dixon's MiLi£, p. o.. Buchanan co.. Mo. : IGS m.W.N.W. Jefferson City. Dixon's Springs, p. o.. Smith co.. Tent}. : about 3 m. N. of Cumberland r.. an. v., Nacogdoelies eo., Ti'j\ : C)n a er. of Angelina r., about 7 m. from Hie latter, and lil7 ni. K. N. K. Austin City. Douglass, t. and p. o., Montgomery eo., Pt'tni.: CS m. E. llyrvisburg. Perki'inien :mh1 f wamp creeks drain llie soils, whicli arc fertile, and aflord watrr-power for several mills and fticlories. DouGLASsviLLE, p. V., Bcrks CO., renn. : on the N. side of Schuylkill r., 13 m. K. Ilarrisburg. The rhihi.ielphia and Ecading K. K. passes through the village, 44 m. from Philadelphia and 48 Ironi Keading. Dorpiii.v, p. v., Blount co., Ala.: 123 in. N. by AV. Montgnniery. DouTHET, p. o., Anderson dist., .S'. Car. : IIC m.AY. N.W. Columbia. DovKE, p. v., Ballirnore co., Md. Dover, p. v., liussell co., Ala.: about 3 ni. "W. Cliatla- hi.'iiehie r., and tj m. N.W. Girnrd, 171 m. E. Montgomery. Dover, p. v., Tope eo., A}-1\ : on the E. bank of Illinois cr. of Arkans,is r., t>i m. N.W. Little Kock. It was formerly the CO. eapital. Dover, hund., p. li., and cap. Kentco., Del., and capital of the State: on high ground, between the two principal branches of Jones' cr., 10 m. above lis entrance into Dela- ware Bay. Lat. 39° 10' N., and long. 750 30' W., 114 m. E. by N. Washington. The hundred contains 72,!*3n acres, and 3,032 inhabitants. The b. is laid out regularly with ■wide streets, crossing each other at right angles. The State House stands on the E. side of a large public place, and is an elegant building, and the buildings occupied by the co. offices occupy sites on the same square. It has 4 churches, a bank, an academy, 2 schools, several stores, about 120 dwellings, chiefly of brick, and between 600 and 700 inhab- itants. A splendid monument, erected to the memory of Colonel John llaslett, who fell in tlic battle of rrinccton, illustrates the patriotism of the citizens, and is the chief ornament of the place. The flour business is that distin- guishing Dover, and which is chiefly carried on with Philadelphia. A K. E., projected to run longitudinally through the State, will pass through the borough. Dover, p. v.. Bureau co., JU.: 109 m. N. Springfield. Dover, p. v., Mason co., Ky. : 76 m. E.N. E. Frankfort. Dover, t, p. v., and cap. Piscataquis eo., Me. : on the S. side of Piscataquis r., 59 m. N. N. E. Augusta. The v. is located immediately on the banks of the stream. It has several mills; and a weekly newspaper, the "Piscataquis Observer," is publisheil here. Pop. 1,927. Dover, t. and p. o,, Lenawee co.. Mich. : watered by the 9. branch of Kaisin r., 61 m. S. E. Lansing. The Michigan Southern E. E. crosses the t. in an E. direction. Pop. 1,223. Dover, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Masft. : on the S. and E. of Charles r., 16 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by Trout and Nodnels brooks. Surface uneven, and nmeh of it woodland. The v. is located near the centre of the t., and is a pleasant place of about 200 iuhaliitants. The t. has about G31 inhab- itants. Dover, p.v.. La Fayette co.. Mo. : 92 m."W. N.W. Jefferson City. It lies about 3 m. S. of the Missouri river. Dover, t, p. v., and cap. Strafford eo., N. JTamp. : 33 m. E. Concord. The t, is drained by Cocheco and Black rivers, tributaries of the Piseataqua. It is the oldest t. in the State, having been settled in 1623. The v. is built around the lower falls of Cocheco, where the descent is suddenly 32J feet, producing a vast water-power. These falls are at the head of tide, 13 m. from the sea, and sloops can come up within a short distance of the uiill.s. It has a court- house, jail, etc., and numerous and extensive manufactures, but chiefly of cotton goods. It has also considerable ship- ping. The newspapers published here are the " D. En- quirer" (whig), the "N. II. Gazette" (dem.), the "Morning Star" (whig), the " Myrtle" (relig.), and the " Gospel Eill" (relig.), ail issueil weekly; and the "Cadets' Advocate*' temperance), issued monthly. The v. is intersected by the Boston and Maine II. E. ; and the Cocheco E. E. hero diverges from it. On the whole, Dover is justly considered one of the most i)n«sperous manufacturing towns of New England. Pop. 8,1^0. Dover, p. v., Morris co., K. Jer. : on both sides of Eockawuy r., 47 m. N. by K. Trenton. The two sections of the v. are connected by bridges. Iron ore is abundant in the vicinity, and it has several large iron factories, etc. The Mnrris Canal dtscends into the valley in which it stands by an inclined plane and 4 locks; and at this point the Morris ami Essex E. E. has its N. W. terminus, 14 m. from Jersey City. Pop. about 400. Dover, t. and j). o., Duchess co., N. X. : C6 m. S. by E. Albany. The jt. o. is Inealed at Dover Plains, and v. located on the Harlem E. E., so ui. from New York. The 1. abounds in marble and iron ore, and has several mills and factories. Poj). 2,147. Dover, t. and p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohio : on Lake Erie, 114 m. N. N. E. Columbus. The v. is located about 3 ra. back from the lake. Pop. of t.1.112. Dover, t. and p. v., York co., Penn. : on the E. side of Conewago cr., IS m. S. llarrisburg. The v. lies in the centre of the t., 10 m. N. W. York. The t. has several distilleries, tanneries, grist and saw mills, for which latter water is abundant. Dover, p. v., and cap. Stewart co., T^nn.: on the S. W. side of Cumberland r., 61 ni. W. N. W. Nashville. It con- tains the county ofllees, and about 400 inhabitants. The landing for steamers is one of the best on the river. Dover, t. and p. v., Windham co., Ytrm.: on the E. border of the Green Mountain range, 94 m. S, Montpelier. Drained by West and Deerfield rivers, which have good mill sites. The soils are well adapted for grazing. The v. lies a little S. E. of the centre of the town. Poi>. ort.709. Dover, p. v., Yazoo co., Mlm. : 33 m. N.W. Jackson. Dover Hill, p. v., and cap. Martin co., Jnd. : on the W. side of, and a mile and a half from the East Fork of White river, 79 m. S. W. Indianapolis. It contains a court-houso and about 30 dwellings. Dover Mills, p. o., Goochland eo., V'n'g. : 17 m.W. by N. Eichmond. DovEsviLLE, p. v., Eockingliam co., Yirg. : 110 m. N. W. Eichmond. DowAGiAo, p. v., Cass CO., Mich. : on a branch of Dowa- giac r., 92 m. S. W. Lansing. It lies also on the Michigan Central E. E., 17S m. from Detroit, and 100 from Chicago. DowAGiAc (Dowagiakc) river, Mich. : takes its rise in the S. i»art of Van Bureii and N. E. part of Cass counties, and l>asslng over thi? northern, north-western, and western por- tions of the latter in a S. W. direction, into Berrien, enters the St Joseph r. near the v. of Niles. It is upward of 30 m. in length, and receives a number of tributaries, which, with the main stream, furnish excellent mill sites. DowBLTowx, p. v., Surrey co., K. Car. : 1-32 m.W. N.W. Ealeigh. Dowxer's Grove, p. o., Du Pago co., III. : 162 m. N. E. Springfield. DowNiEviLLE, p. v., and cap. Yuba co,, Calif. : at the head of the North Fork of Yuba r., 137 m. N. E.Vallejo. It is the head-quarters of one of the richest gold-fields of the State. DowNiNG's Mrti.'^, p. o.. Slrafl'ord co., K. ITarnp. Do-w>-ingsvillIt p. v.. Grant county, Kij. : 47 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. DowTiiNQTON, p.v., Melgs CO., Ohio : C9 m. S. E. Columbus. 1S3 DOW DRY Dow^^NOT0w^^ p. v., Chester eo., Penn. : on the W. side nf the E. I.tranch of Brandy wine cr., and on the line of the Phila(leli)liia and Columbia E. K., 83 m. from Phihidelphia, and 74 m. from Harrisburg. The dwellings, about GO or TO in number, are chiefly of stone, and it contains several milla and factories, stores, etc. It is surrounded by a fine and well-cullivated country. About 12 m. below the v., on the banks of tlie Brandywine cr., was fought the sanguinary battle of Brandywine, llth September, 177T. A K. K., 2'2 m. long, is projected between ilorriatown and Downiug- lown. DowNSviLLE, p, v., Ocean county, Al Jer. : 36 m. S. E. Trenton. DoTLESTOWN, t,, p. T., and cap. Bucks co., Penyi. : on (he N. side of Tacony cr., SS m. E. Harrisburg. The borough i3 a flourishing place, has manufactures, and a good trade, and about 1.005 inhabitants. There are published here 6 weekly newspapers, viz., the '* D. Express," the "D. Dem- ocrat," and the *' Independent Democrat," all democratic in principle; the *' Morning Star," and the "Bucks County Intelligencer," both whig ; and the " OHve-Brancb," devoted to the temperance cause. The Norristown, Doylestown, New ITope E. E. passes through the place. The t. is an excellent agricultural country, and is highly cultivated. Pop. 2,471. Doylestown, p. v., Paulding co., Ohio: 116 m. N. "W. Columbus. Deacut, L and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : on the N. side of Merrimac r., opposite Lowell, 25 ra. N. N. \V. Boston. The two towns are connected by a bridge across the river. It is essentially an agricultural district, although Beaver r., which drains it, affords considerable water-power. Pop- ulation, 3i503. Deakestowx, p. 0., Morris co., 2^. Jer. : on Schooley's Mountain, 89 m. N. by W. Trenton. Deajiesville, p. v., Morris co., A' Jer. : 42 m. N. Trenton. Deakesville, p. v., Davis co., la. : on the N. side of Fox r,, ^3 m. S. W. Iowa City. Deanesvtlle, p. v., Fairfax co., Vtrr/. : 96 m. N. Eich- mond. Situated about 6 m. S. of the Potomac r., near the N. W. corner of tjie county. Deaper's Valley, p. o., Pulaski co., Virff. : on the "W. eide of Kanawha r., about 2 m. distant from that stream, and 193 m. "VV. by S. Eichmond. Deapersville, p. 0., Mecklenburgh co., Yirg.: 92 m. S. W. Eichmond. Dkaugutox'8 Stoee, p. o., Sampson co., A^i C% p. o., Franklin co., Feiin.: 59 in. \V. S. W. Uairisburs. r>nr KcN, p o., Tippah co, Miss. : 1(U m. N. by E. Jackson. Duv Vallet, p. 0., White co., Tenj). : 84 m. E. Nashville. Dry 'Wood, p. o.. Bates co., J/o. : on a er. of the Marnii- ton, a tributary of Osage r., 142 m. W. S. W. Jefforson City. DuiNE, t and p. v., Frankhn co., X, Y. : 12S ni. N. Al- bany. Surface uneven ami hiliy, and the soil a fiTlile sandy loam. "Watered by branches of Salmon r. and Deer creek. The t. 13 celebrated for its superior iron ores, which are capable of producing the finest steel for edge toots. The v. lies on a branch of Salmon r., and has several factories and mills ; and there are also in the neighborhood fur- naces, etc. Pop. oft. ^ti?. DrASESBiTRGn, t. and p. v., Schenectady co., X. Y. : 22 ra. W. N. W. Albany. The v. lies on a branr-h of Schoharie or. The surface of the t. is elevated and hilly, and watered by numerous creeks, vhich afford water-power, and has a soil of excellent fertility. Pi>p ,3.464, Dublin, i». v., Fayette co., Ala.: IIS a\. N. W. Mont- gomcrj. Dl'blix. p. y.y and cap. Laurens co., Ga. : on the W. side of Oconee r.. 4" m. S. S. E Mjlledgeville. It contains the CO. offices, several stores, and about 70 dwellings. Dublin, p. v., WajTie co., Iiid. : on the National Road, 2 m. W. of Cambridge City, 50 m. E. Indianapolis. Pop. 350. Dublin, p. o., Ilarford co., Md.: 53 m, N. N. E. Annapolis. Dublix, t. and p. o., Cheshire co., 3^. ITvUo ovv, OMo: 89 m. 8. W. lA'tiuKMONA, IV r., Jnckscm pnr.. Td. .* on Uto r. so oanml. 147 m. N. W. li;iIon l^n^J^\ Du!^^omont\ r. U & wn*ii.iep- «Mo !*lr\'am risiuir l» UIohvUIo tmd«t»ok9ou ivirUhoss tinil omplxiiij: iiiUt i.\»Uduiulu l.ako. l>ir,«»K's Fkkky» IV tv, Oirtor ci\, 7Vh»..* 2M iu. K* N«shviUo. m u^v \Y. IV t\. t\iwo^> wv, -V }' ; 186 m. N. W. AUtany. J>i s.Ki>i>M. [v IV, Grnn\* ihv, Ay.: 34T m. W. S. "\Y. I>i^kk's *\>unly, JAi,*s. Siluato S. K In Iho AUitntio CVoan, aiui Ov'hslsthij: of ilio tslniul!) of Mnrlhrt's Yinoyarvl. Cliajv- IKHluMdU\ KliRttvlh Kituihl.'^ «u»l No MauS I-aiul— Uio lat- Ut of wltk'h is the S, oxirx'ntily ivf \lw T^\i\W\ Tluso i^laiuls Hi> off luui S. of liarnstal'Io cvv aiui Uu5Jw»r*IV l^iv. «iul CvMilatu ttlHHit 130 sq, lu. MrtHliaV Yitu\viml. tlio liuliau .Yv»;h* w Oi/>tr«>vA\ i» 21 w. lonj; luui (» m. in Im^rtiUh. A Irti^o jwiKmi of Iho Ovv ts wvHvUan*!, but thcrv is aK> sutUv'iv'nt .ffrariui; au^i ^ilu lam!. Tho oxiv>rl» ^vrsist rhictly of w\h»1 and salt, wiili somo ^niin, uiul niaiij- of (ho inhahituat^ ai\^ o»jp»s^hI in Iho tishcri<\s and i\vi»sli»ir inulo. Tho first sotUoiuont of whites iu Iho eo. \Tas in IWl nt Kd^arlon. Farms i'tx>; itianuf. IS; dwell. 771.andiH>iv — \Ui, 4^4>T. ft", tvl. M— lolal 4^M^\ i\tfH%tJ: Fdirarion. Oi KKs, (v iv* ruiniuu CO., OMo: 9S m. N. \Y. Coiunibus. Pvu.vs, IV v., Tij^udv cv>uiit,v. J/««t. ; lU ui. X. by K. 0AOk,r\i. Surt^uv elovatoti, bul not hiW^'; s«>ils fertiliv PraiiuHl by sovoral $uvams of Merrimao r., on whioh ar\^ sevend n\iH*. ]>VMBARTv«v*, IV T., IfcufttwcU disl.> & OilT. .* 06 m. ?, W. Oi»h»mbia. i>VMu\v'T\^x. IV v., Adam* ^j\»: im» the K. sivio of Knish or. of the Ohio r., 7^ m. ^ by \\\ Oolmnbu*. Pi MnuKS |v V,. rriuo^' WilUam e^v. yh\7.: on the K. sitle of Q«;u»Uvver., a tributary of IVtomaer.iJdm. N.by V™ Iviehuiomi. It is a thriving v.. and has several fiu*to^it^s ami mills. The mouth of *^iianticv> or., ^i m. Iviow. is tho N*$i wiulor harKv iu the Fotomae, boin^ seldom olvOmetod l\T iotv Pt-MMw, u and p. Y. t.\Mu\>rvi. Pratned by tributaries of Andr\>soixg- giu and Coiuuvtieut river*. It is a rviuoto town aud Uiii:l,v soltltHK IVp. \7U l>iMUKi;sTi.Hvs, t. and p. v., "Windham 'co., )>rm..' on Uie \Y. side of Coumvtieut r, 93 m. S, by K» Moniivhor. UraiutHi by \Yc*t r.. whieh is a flue mill stream. SuriHw hillj" and r\»uj:h. Nit adaptiM for gr^uin^. This is one of ihe oariiest st'tHoments, Fi^^t PnuHuer w:is louude^l in Ittf^ and is a uot^^i plaox* in tho Indian war*, Fojv 1..64\ PIMONTVIU.K. IV v., Falrfiold i\v» (^Wt»; 3^ m. S^ £. Columbus. PiXvVN. IV iv. AYiwl ovv. I'l/y •* -^S m. AY. X. AY. Kichn\o«d. DvNCAX, p^ v„ Choboyjpm et\ Afic^. : 207 m. N. Lausinj;. DrxoAS, p. v« Merwr i\v, A.>, : 53 m. S. V^ranktort. PvscAXSos. (v v.. IVrrj- o»v, iV«N, : ow tho Uuo of tho ronusyU"aiua K. K.. 16 m. ^Y, llarrisburjr. Pi-xoAsV Ckkkk, IV t\. Cleveland ovv. A' Oir. ; on a cr. of First llrwid r, s».> e.'dUvl, livi m. \Y. by S^ Kaloi^. PinoanV Fai-us, IV Ok. Muskitvjnnu txv. (**»*>.• *^n the Muskii\^um r.* ^6 m. K. O^umbus. Thero is a dam aeross the sir^\iu\ at this ix«nt whleh aff>.>r\ls a 3^\"it heavl *,>f water. Pvnc.vnV Mills, p. »\, JasjH*r iw, J/^v; 1*3 m. &. AY. Jetfers^»uCil\% PiNOANsvtn*. p» v., Barnwell dtst, & 0»r. .- ^"Y. lloUtdaysbun;, and 111 in. by nUlrt^d frvun Uarrisburjr, PvNOANTv^s, IV v„ AYhlle iw, IU,: on Koetors fork of Saline or., liS m. S, K, Spriuirfleld. IH'SOAXvu.i.K, p. v.. Thonuis t\v, fni,; on tho Thomiu*- vllle and TaU»ha>stv turnpike, "i m. Ji. of the Florida Slate lino, and lt»S m. S. by \Y. MilliHlj^'ville. The Florida Knmeh of tho Uruuswlek and Florida It. K. will itass thrv»ujrh this plaoo. l>rM>AKK, jv v., Susquehanna ixv, TVnm,.* 154 m. K. K. by N. Uarrisbnnr. U has a ijlass-houso, sovend sloros, and W or 6(.> dwollin^ Foiv uIkmU SvK>. PiNOAS, jv v., Cidumel cvv, ll'wv. .■ iH> m. *^. N. K. Madison. PvNOKB. m v., Kauo CO., J7/. : ou thoYT. sido of IVs riaiues r., aN>ul 4 m. H. of Kl^in, and 171 w. X. K. SpriujrUeld. PisoKK, t. and IV v.. Monroe oa, JfioV." watetxxl by lUlsln r.. whieh attv>rvta Hue mill silos. The v. llt,^ on the N. side of the stri'^un, IS m. ft\nu l^iko Krio and 6S m. S. K. l-jmsinir. It Is one of the nuvst flourishing villagi^s of tho interior, and has numervnis mills v^e. IV^v l,5-'^\ l>i'NPKK, p. v., Yates c^v., A1 Y.: on liij; Stri'am. a crook fidUuj- into Sene«.'a U\ke, 1,NS m. AY. AlNmy. It has sev- ord Important nuuuifaolorie*, as ir\»n I'onndrit^s, ajjrieuUu- r:U implement t:u'tori»\s, eto.. anti Oiuituins alnnit l,tX»0 inhal»- itants. A newsi^ain^r, tho " W Keeiml," is publislusl weokly. PrxfKK, IV v., Tuseanovas v\v, Ohio: $4 m. K, N. K. CiUumbus. PvNOKKit.veit, jv v., KoKwu eo., A". (\w. .* S4 m. S. S.AY. lialoigh. l>rNt;ANOx, JL v., CohimMana co., C^io: on tho lino of tho Ivoaver CtiuaK 9 m. K. of Hanover, :md 125 E. N. K. CoUuubuA. PixHAM. IV Ok, M'Uenry oo., ///. .• on tho K. sido of Itush or. of the K. l*nuu'h of Kisliwaukoo r,, IW m. N. JC. K. Sprin^leld. PiNKixsviLLB, p. v., Adwus CO., OAio : iS m. S. by \V. Columbus. IH-NKiKK, p. V.., Calvorl ci- N K IKK. IV v., Chauhmquo o«.\, A' Y. : on I^ko Erie, 57S m. AY. AlNinj-. )l is tho AY. terminus of the Now A'ork and Krio K. K.. and is iutorsoetixi by the Kuffalo and Slalo l-iuo K. H., whioh torms a link iu the line of tho Uiko Shoro li, K. t>vMn l»utf;do to M«>ur\H\ It h.is n.pldly prk>ijr\'ssv\l in oTory branch of industry simv the ivmploiion of thivvt^ i:roat works, and is dostiuinl to iKwmo one of tho groat ports of the lakos. Tho h.artvr lias Invn imprv^nnl. and ailA»r\ls 15 fiH^t of water on the l»ar. SteamN>ats arrive auvl dei^rt hourlv' in oiMmeoliou with tho railrvvids. and an oxtensivo (.\Mumorvv is earrio^l on. not only with domesiie IK^rts. bul alsv> with thv\so of Canada. The "Chautau«iuo dvMirnal" v^^hii:^ is publisho\l Wtx-kly. Frvuu Pnnkirk lo Jsow Yv>rk "Citj" tho dist;mvv is 46i> miles. Tho harbor, fi^'uierlj' e.alKxl ChadwiekV Baj', is cajvioi^His, ao^H>s^blo, soi-nro, and eaiv»blo of imixrovoment to ouo of the host uiKui tho lakes. Voiv 8,i.XX>. PcNKiuK, U and jv o.. l>ano Cv\, UTa*. : 14 nt. S, E. Madison. The v. is Kvatv\l ou tho AN", sido of CatSsli r. whioh drains the k IVp. -SS. IhNKiKK, IV v., Gnxmvillo disk, & Oir..* 106 m, N. AY, by W. Cv^umhia. Pi-NKLis oountr. yr.\ Sihifito K"^w««n S6^and SS- StV N. lat.. and tvcupyiiii: tho AY. half of the narrv^v strip pn->- joelinjr Ivlow the J^Mloral line of the Slate into Arkansas. botwotn\ the Kiver St. Fraii^ >is and the Mississippi Kivor; it contains aK>«t 75ii s*i. m. Tho groator iKvrtK^i is a swaunv, alHUinding in iH^nds,lake^ and sluiot^s unfit il\r euUivati\Mi: but thorv arv s«muo elovaiotl prairies. iHThajw lo tho extent of a Mirlh of tho area of tho v\MUity. situate prinoiiwlly in ihtf N. AY. and S, AY. part>. AYhito AY.iior r. Ua* ;;3 oourso DUN DUX lliraii((!i ihn Mwampn, fnrniiiij{ HWiinip IhIjumIh of vurimiH dl- iiirriNloiiN, t'lc. Nil \mr\, in (IL lor liiiuiitii Imhlldlioii, yiil wu llij'l Mint it hiiH cliarniH tornDiun wllli-rtrt Huiilrt, tin Uh HltUmtli's will hIiow. J''iiriim 70; Jiiiiiiuf. '^ ; (lw(--ll, '2I.%, niiil po]). - wli, ],'.'05, iY. eol. 11, Hi. l.'l— l..tHl 1,2'lii. (•lt.a: CJiilk-lwuiix (proljuldy llic IikIIiui ri:ui»* fur <-hl(lH aii>l ri>ni//i), DrNi.Ai', I'. <)., H.-uiiill.m (!«)., 0/uo: lOLi ni. H. W. <>iiliiriil>UH. JfnM.Ai-'M I'ltALKiiT p. ()., (;<>ok CO., ///. ; I'H; HI. N. 10. Hi.rlii^ll.-IirM,Ai*Mvii,i.K., |i. v., T'nidii co., //!., ICc^iiiieljec co., Jilc, : 10 in. from Au^iiHta. DiiNNHviLi.K. p, v., Albany co,, N. )'. : M rii. "\V. N. W. Albany. UiNNHviM.K, p. v., Ehj»('X CO., Vifj,: about 2 ni. W. of llappiilninnock r., and -ID ni. N. K. ]iiilinionl'Krciit f. CapUnt: NapiTvillc Puldic Workn: Ga- lena and C'liicajjo (iiiion IJ. li. and JirunchcH; lllinoln and Mielii^an <*anal, vU\ Dir Paok, p. v., Will co., lU. : IM m. K N. E. SprinKflrld. Dri'i.AiN, t. and p. o., (Jlinlon co., J//VA. ; on Miipio r., 22 m. N. by J-]. LaiiMlnf;. rnp.S-lII). Dui'i-iN county, A'. Car. fiiluul^^ H. E. cenlrally, and con- tains Wii) hf\. ni. l^ralncd l»y tribulanew of Norlli-luiNt Cape I'V'jir r, which pasNcn throutjh it. Surface low and level, Willi Ih'queiit Hwarnpw and niarHh ; hoIIh fertile. l-'urinN 92:J ; nmnuf. 57; dwell. 1,410, and pop.— wh. 7,0fi5, fr. c^jI. ;M2, bI. 0,007— tola! \ZXiU. Capiial : KcnanHville. ruUio WorkH: \VlIniint,'U Albeinarlo Hound, 130 m. K. by N. Kalelgh. J)tritii(N'n CoiiNKiw, p. o., Wllllaiim co., Okh : iJj;; in. N. W. Cr.himhuM. DiiKKM,, p. v., llriidfordco.,yV)m. ; 117 ni.N. Jrurrlwbiirg. DuitiiAM, I. and i». v., Middlesex eo., Co/ui.: lit m. H. Harlforil. Uralncd by West r., u tributary of ihe Conin-e- llciil, which iilfordu waler-jKiwcr. Surface uneven; solltt fi-rlilc, 'i'ln' V, has a jilt-asanl location on Weht r,, near the cenln- of (In- town. I'op. l,Oijr). iJii'.iiAM, I. and p. (»., Cumberland co,, Me. ; on tin; H. \V. hide of Aiidroseoggin r., :jl ni. B. by \V. AuKusla. It in a (Inc agricultural I., ami hiis a prosperous river Iradi*. A biidgo over Hie river eonnecU it with the ojjpowite town of LImIhui. J'op. l,>'Jl. Di;kjiam, I. and ji. v., Hlralford co., J/. J/iwip. : 92 m. K. by K. (,'onc-ord. Drained l^y Irihularies of riHmta(|ua r., which alfurd widrr-powcr. 'Ihe v. is (.n Oywter r,, which 1m iijivlgable for mmhII craft. Onudte i« Ihi- chief ex])OJ-l, In early tlnns thin Iowa wan the scene 'jf Jiiany Indian bnrljarilles. J'op. I.lliii. DiJitnAM, p, v., JIancock co., ///, ; 01 m. W. X. W. SpringMcld. DiruHAM, t. and p. v., Greene co., N. >'. ; 28 in. H, W. Albany. Siirfar-r lillly uml broken ; soils, elny jind grave-lly loam. 'I'lie v. stands on the Calnklll r., and has about 200 inhabilants. I'oj). of t.2,fjf)0. DiruiiAM, t. and p. o., Jtucks co., Penn. : on the W. side of iJr-laware r., 02 m. K. by X. Ilarrlsburg, and drained by ("ooks or Durham cr., whiidi alfords water-power. A sin- gular and extensive) cave is found in Ihe Jimchlone ru(;k of Ihis I., called Jhe Devil's H<.le, at llie h<.tl..m of which h u basin of pure water 20 feet wide, wJiich has a sulUerraneaii oiillet. Top. about 81)0. DuaiiAM C'kntki',, p. o., Middlesex co.. Conn.: 21 in. S. Hartford. DiuufAM'H C'krkk, p. o., Ueauforl co., Al Car. : on a cr, of ramlico Sound so called, OH m. K. by S. Italeigh. Diij'jiAMViM.K, p. v., Oncirlu CO., A''. 1'.; on Ijoth sidea of f)neida er., lOO in. W. X. W. Albany. It in a v. of nomo 200 inbabilimls. 1)1 anAMvii.i.i;, J), v., Lauderdale en., 7':'/m. : about 7 m. X. of Ilig Halchee r., and near the li. line of llm co., 103 m. W. by S. Xashville. JJuaiiAAivii.i.K, p. v.. Orange co,, A"". Cur.: 42 m. N. W. Kaleigh. Di'itujcK, p. v., Lancaster co., J'ctm.: 3(J m. 11. S. E. Harrisburg. Duuuc, p. 0., Benton co,, Mo. : 07 rn. W. S. W. Jeirerhon City. DuiiHKTHVii,LB, p. V., Tiicbmond co,, Yh'Q. : 53 m. E. X. K. Richmond. DiiT<:ir f'liKjji:, p. o., Washington CO,, /a. ; on a creek of Skunk r,, 33 in. S. W. by H. Iowa City. iJt'TCii CitKKK, p. o., lirown co,, ^YlHC.: on the cr. bo called, 122 m. X. N. K. Madison. Di'Teii Xi;rK, p. o., Mercer eo,, K. Jfir. Dirj(;iiviLi.i!, \>. v., Granville co., N. Car,: 42 ni. X^, Kaleigh. I>uTOTHin'KGii, p. o., Monroc CO., Pain. : on the W. side of Delaware r., to the X. of the Water Gap, 100 in, X. K. Harrisbiirg. It conlains about SO in habitants. Di;vAi- county, J*l'ir. Hifuale X. E., and contains 720 sq. 111. Drained by Iributaries of Xassau, St. .Jolm's, and St. Mary's rivers. Surface level, covered with pine, and the soils light but fertile, producing cotton and sug:ir. 'Ihe planters have easy access to market through the above- named rivers, which are all navigable, and no pari of the county is more than 20 miles ilistant from one or the olher. Farms HJ7; niaimf. ."i; dwell. 4M, and poj).— wh. 2,;j:;s, fr. c*>\. Or», si. 2,106— total 4,539. Copttul: .Jiiclisonvlllc. Dl'vam.'h Um/kk, p. o., Prairie co., Ark. I)i;xiti;iiV, t. and p. o,, Plymouth eo., Mam. : on Plymoulli Harbor, 31 in. S. H. K. iJoston. Garnet's Point is within the Ujwn Hinlli*. The m\\ is oandy, but much of the land is 187 DWI EAR fertile. It has some manufactures and about 2,079 in- habitants. D WIGHT, p. v., Pope CO., Ark: : on Illinois cr. of Arkan- sas r., GG m. N. "W. by W. Little Rock. Dtcusburou, p. v., Crittenden co., Ky. : 192 m. W. by S, Frankfort. Di-KR county, Tenn. Situate N. "W. on Mississippi r., and drained by Kedfoot, Obion, and Forked Deer rivers ; area S40 sq. m. The surface is rolling, well wooded, and the Boils fertile. On the Mississippi r., liowever, are extensive alluvial flats. The grains are the chief products, and some tobacco and cotton are gnjwn. Farms 515; manuf. 7; dwell s'24, and pop.— wh. 4,s7y. fr. col. 10. si. 1,40S— total C.:i;51. Capital: DytT:^burg. Public Works: Mobile and Ohio K. K. DTEKsnuTiGn, p. v., and cap. Dyer co., Tfnii.: on the N. side of the N. fork of P'orked Deer cr., 146 m. W. Nashville. It contains the co, offices and about 140 dwellings. Its trade with tlic neighborhood is considerable. Dtkeman's, p. v., Putnam co., IT. Y. : S2 m. S. by E. Albany. Dyson's, p. o., Guernsey co., Ohio : 79 m. E. by N- Columbus. E. Eagle, p. v., La Salle co.. III.: on the E. side of, and anout 2 m. from TermilUon r. of the Illinois, 103 m, N. N. E. Bpringfleld. Eaci-e, p. o., Warren county, Penn, : 169 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. Eagle, t. and p. o., Clinton co., Mich. : 12 m. W. by N. Lansing. Grand r. and its branch, the Looking-glass r., flow through the town, and furnish a vast mill-power. Eagle, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., X. Y. : 220 m. W. by 9. Albany. Drained by head waters of Cattaraugus cr., etc. Surface undulating. Soils argillaceous loam, well suited to grass and grain— heavily timbered. Pop. 1,3S1. Eagle, t, and p. o., Hancock co., Ohio : 7S m. N". W. by N. Columbus. Drained by Eagle and other creeks of Ulan- chard's fork of Maumee r. Surface diversified. Soils dark loam, and on the streams well wooded. The creeks afford excellent water-power. Pop. 9.')\ Eagle BRruGE, p. o., "Washington co., 2^. Y. : on Hoosic r., 26 m. N. E. Albany. This is a gre.it railroad centre, where the several lines leading N. and S., and E. and W., meet and form junctions. Eagle Cliffs, p. o., Monroe co.,///. ; on the bluffs of the Jlississippi r., G m. W. by N. Waterloo, and 109 m. S. S. W. Springfifld. Eagle Ckeeic, p. o,, Bradley co., Ark.: on the cr. so called, 82 m. S. E. LitUe liock. Eagle Creek, p. o., Benton co., Tenn.: on the cr. so called, C9 m. W. Nashville. Eagle creek, Ind.: a fine mill-sfream, rising In Boone CO. ; runs S. about 40 m., and empties into White r., 4 m. below Indianapolis. Its Indian name was /Mit-ti-shinga- paim-honnovl\ or "Middle of the Valley," so called from the extensive bottoms, sometimes 4 orom. in width, through which it courses. Eagle Evey, p. o., Bedford co., Virg. : 12S m. W. by S. Richmond. Eagle Falls, p. c, Eockingham co., y. Car. : 86 ra. N. W. Ealeigh. Eagle Foundry, p. o., Uuntingdon co., Penn.: 62 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Eagle Fxtrnace, p. o., Koanc co., Tenn. : 1.34 m. E. by S. Nashville. Eagle Grote, p. o., Elbert co., Ga.: 74 m. N. N. E. Milled geville. Eagle IIarbok, p. v., Orleans county, JV; I'. ; 220 m. W. by N. Albany. It is a considerable village of 700 or 183 800 inhabitants, and lies on the Erie Canal, 57 m. E. of Buffalo. Eagle Harbor, p. v., Houghton co., Mich. : on the N. side of Kew-y-wee-non Peninsula, about 15 m. W. of Cop- per Harbor, and 360 m. N. W. Lansing. This is a fine harl>or opening to Lake Superior, and of late it has become a dep6t for the copper miners of the neighborhood, from which they export their ■products and receive their sup- plies. Quite a village is already planted. Eagle Lake, p. o., Oakland co., Mich.: on the borders of the lake so ciffled, 55 m. E. Lansing. Eagle Lake, p. o., Colorado co., Tex.: on the E. side of the lake so called, 100 m. E. S. E. Austin City. The lake is situated about 20 m. S. S. E. Columbus, tlie co. seat. Eagle Mills, p. o., Rensselaer co., A^. Y. : 26 m. N. E. Albany. Eagle Mills, p. o., Iredell co., N". Car. : 123 m, W. Raleigh. Eagle Point, p. o., Ogle county. III.: 160 ra. N. by E. SpringfiL4d, Eagle Utter, p. v., Houghton co., Mich. : about S60 m. N. W. Lansing. The river itself is of trifling dimensions; but it has become the seat of vast mining operations. It empties into Lake Superior, about S m. W. of Eagle Harbor. Eagle Rock, p. o., Wake co., y. Car. : 12 m. E. Raleigh. Eaglesmere, p. o., Sullivan co., Penn.: SI m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Eagle Town, p. v., Choctaw Nation, Ind. Ter. : on tho W. side of Mountain Fork of Little r., an affluent of Red r., 153 m. W. by S. Little Rock, Ark. Eagle Town, p. v., Hamilton co., Ind. : on the E. branch of Eagle cr., 21 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Eagle Tillage, p. v., Boone eo., Ind. : on the E. side of Eagle cr., and on the Michigan Road, 14 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. There are several extensive mills on the cr., both above and below the place. Pop. about 200. Eagle Village, p. v., Wyoming county, K. Y. : 225 m, W. by S. Albany. Eagleville, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 162 m. N. E. Columbus, and about 4 m. S. W. of Jefferson, the co. seat Eagleville, p. v., Williamson county, Tenn-.: 27 m. S. Nashville. Eagleville, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : on the New Lon- don, Willimantic, and Palmer R, R., 22 m. E. Hartford, and 36 m. from New London. Eagleville, p. v., Waukesha co.. Wise. : on the line of the Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R., 49 m.E. S. E. Madi- son, and 36 m. from Milwaukie. Eakle'8 Furnace, p. o., Cass co., Ga.: 126 m. N. W. Milled geville. Earlesville, p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S. Car. : 82 m. N. N. W. Columbia. Earlville, p. v., La Salle co., III. : on the highland between Big and Little Indian creeks of Fox r., 3 ra. from the N. CO. line, and 138 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Earlville, p. v., Madison eo., K. Y. : 76 m. W. Albany, and on the Chenango River and Canal, 36 m. from Utica, and 41 from Binghampton. It is a thriving place, has sev- eral warehouses and stores, and about 260 inhabitants. Earlville, p. v.. Berks co., Penn. : 63 m. E. Harrisburg. Early county, Ga. Situate S. W., and contains S64 sq. m. Drained in the E. by Spring cr. of Flint r., and in the W. by cr. of Chattahoochee r., which nms along its W. border. Surface level and soils generally fertile, producing large crops of Indian corn and cotton, with some rice, suirar, etc. Farms ;167: manuf. II; dwell. 656, an'l pop, — wh. 3,716, ir. col. I, si. 3,520— total 7,246. CapiUU : Blakely. Early Grove, p. o., Marshall co., Miss. : 171 m. N. by E. Jackson. Early Grove, p. o., Lincoln co., K. Car. : 143 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Earlysville, p. v., Albemarle co., Virg. : 69 m.W. X.W. Richmond. EAR EAS Earpville, p. v., Upshur co., 'JW. : 252 in. N. K. Anstin. East Abinghon, p. v., riymourh co., Mass. : on I'em- broko cr. of Nerth r., IS m. S. S. E. Boston. East Altox, p. v., Belknap co,, JV. I/uj/ip. : 23 ui. N. E. Coru'ord. East A^■DOVER. p. v., Merriniac co., K. Hump. : on the line of llio Xt^rtlu-rn li. K., 25 m. N. N. AV. Conconl. Eabt Aubuhn, p. v., Cumberland co., Mt'. : on the W. side of Androscoggin r., 27 m. S. W. Augusta. East Aurora, p. v., Erie co., JV. Y. : 24:3 ni. "W. Ali'any. Situated on a branch of Buffalo creek. East Avon, p. v., Livingston co., JV. Y. : 196 m. W. Al- bany. On the line of the Buffalo, Corning, and New York K. li., and about 2 m. E. of Avon Springs. It is a v. of some 400 inhabitants, and is surrounded by a highly-culti- vated and thickly-settled country. East Baldwin, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : on the E. side of Saco r., G3 m. S. W. Augusta. EasT Barnaed, p. v., "Windsor co., Venn. : 8S m. S. Montpelier. East Baree, p. v., Huntingdon co.,/\'H7^ ; 59 ulW. N.W. Uarrisburg. East Bexd, p. o., Surrey co., JV. Car.: 112 m. W. by N. r;ali-igh. East Bergen, p. v., Genesee co., JV. 3'; on the Buffalo and r.ochcster II. K., 51) m. from Buffali>, and 20t> m. fn*m Albany. East BERKsnntE, p. v., Franklin co., Ytnti. : on the N. W. side of Missisqui r., 61 m. N. by W. Montpelier. East Berlin, p. v., St. Clair co., Mich.: S4 m. E. by N. Lansing. East Berlin, p. v., Adams co.. Fen?!.: 25 m. S. W. Harrisljurg. East Berne, p. v., Albany co., N. Y. : 10 m. "W". Albany. East Betuany, p. v., Genesee co., N. Y.: 218 m. W. Albany. East Bethel, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : on the N. side of Aider cr.. an affluent of Androscoggin r., 4G ra. W. Augusta, and, by the Atlantic and St. Lawrence K. E., 68 m. from Portland. East Bethel, p. v., "Windsor county, Venn.: 29 m. S. Montpelier. East BErnLEiiEM, t. and p. o., "Washington co., Pejin, : IGS in. "W. by S. Uarrisburg. Monongahela r. and its trib- utary, Ten Mile cr., makes its boimdary S. and E. Tbi-re are several villages in the town. The surface is hilly, and the soil a rich loam. It has several factories, mills, and distilleries, and is crossed by the National Koad. East Bloomheld, t. and p. v., Ontario co., K. Y.: ISl ni. W. Albany. Drained by Mud cr. Surface undulating: soil clay and sandy loam. The v. on the "W. sidi; of the cr. has several stores and about 450 inhabitants. Pop. of t. about 2,3i;2. East Boston, p. o., Suffolk co., Muss. : (Sec Boston.) East Brewer, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : about T m. E. Bangor, and 71 m. E. N. E. Augusta. East Brewster, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass. : 79 m. S. E. Boston. East Bridgewater, I. and p. v., Plymouth co., Mans. : 23 m. S. Boston. Drained by a branch of Taunton r., whieli ftirnishes water-power. P. 2,545. It has several large fac- tories, mills, and mechanic shops; and is connected with Boston by the Bridgewater Branch and the Old Colony K. II. East Brook, p. o., Lawrence co., Penn. : 182 m. W. N.W. Uarrisburg. East Beookfield, p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : on the "Western K. R., 53 ra. W. by S. Boston. East Brookfield, p. v.. Orange co., Venn. : on a. branch of White river. East Burke, p. v., Caledonia co., Vei-m. : on a cr. of Passumsic r., 44 m. N. E. Montpelier. East Burnham, p. v., "Waldo co.. Me. : on the N. E. side of a small lake, 34 m. N. E. Augusta. East Calais, p. v., Washington co., Venn.: 13 m. N. E. Montjjelii'r. East Cambridge, p, v., Middlesex co., Mass. : in the metropolitan district of Boston, and on the line of the Bos- ton and Lowell K. K. It is connected with Boston by Canal Bridge, and by the viaduct of the Boston and Lowell IX. II. over Charles river. It contains a court-house, jail, and is a large and flourishing village. The former name of the place was Lechmere Point. East Cameron, p. v., Steuben CO., iV". 3"". ; 1S4 m. "W. by S. Albany. East Canaan, ji. v., Grafton co., J^. I/amp. ; 99 m. N. W. by N. Concord. East Canaan, p. v., Litchfleld co., Co7m. : 3G m. W. N.'W. Hartford. East Canisteo, p. v., Steuben co., N. Y. : 192 m. "W. by S, Albany. The v. lies on the Canisteo r., and the New York and Erie E. li., 1^37 m. from New York City, and 132 from Dunkirk, now called Adrian. East Carleton, p. v., Orleansco., JV. 1'.; 22Sm.W.byN. Albany. Situate on a branch of Oak-Orchard creek. East Centeeville, p. v., Indiana Co., Penn. : 123 ni. W'. by N. Uarrisburg. East CnARLEMONT. p. v., Franklin co., i/i/w. .* on the N. side of DeerfleUl r., and on the line of the Greenfield and North Adams Pv. P., 92 m. "W. by N. Boston. East Charleston, p. v., Orleans co., Vena.: on the N. side of Clyde r. of Lake Mempbremagog, a few ni. W. of the outlet of Seymour Lake, 51 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. The line of railroad projected from Eouse's Point to the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Pv. Pv. will intersect the village. East Chatham, p. v., Columbia co., N. Y. : 19 m. S. E. Albany. The Albany and "West Stockbridge (western) K. P., and the Hudson and Berkshire K. II. intersect here. East Chester, p. v., EockiBgham co., N. IJanip. : 23 ra. S. S. E. Concord. East Chester, t. and p. v., "Westchester co., N'. Y.: 114 m. S. Albany. Drained by Bronx and Hutcliinson creeks, affluents of Long Island Sound. Surface hilly and stony. Soil a fertile loam. The v., on the E. side of East Chester cr., has a convenient harbor, and owns several sloops cm- ployed in trading with New York. The Harlem P. P., and the New York and New Haven R. li. pass through the town about 16 m. from New York. There are in the town 91 farms, 7 manufacturing establishments, 2GS dwellings, and 1,079 inhabitants. East China, p. v., "Wyoming county, K. Y. : 22S ra. "W. Albany. East Claeendon, p. v., Rutland co., Venn. : 54 ra. S. by "W. Montpelier. EastClaeidon, p. o.,Geaugaco., Oldo: on the E. branch of Cuyahoga r., 141 m. N. E. Columbus. East Clarksfield, Huron co., Ohio : on the right side of Vermillion r. of Lake Erie, 189 m. N. N. E. Columbus. East Claekson, p. o., Monroe co.,^. Y. : 212 m.W. by N. Albany. East Cleteland, p. v., Cuyahoga co., Ohw : about 4 m. E. by S. Cleveland, and 124 m. N. E. Columbus. East Cobbleskill, p. v., Schoharie co., N. Y. : 33 m."W. Albany. Situated on the S. side of Cobbleskill cr. East Constable, p. o., Franklin co., JS\ Y. : 154 m. N. by "W. Albany. East Corinth, Penobscot CO., Me, : on a or. of Kendua- kcag r. of the Penobscot, 63 ra. N. E. Augusta. East Corinth, p. v., Orange co., Venn. : on Wail's r. of the Connecticut, 22 m. S. E. Montpelier. East Craftsbi:rv, p. v., Orleans county, Venn. : 31 m. N. N. E. Monti>elier. East Creek, p. o., Cape May co.. A': Jer. : 79 m. S. by E. Trenton. East CrTcnocrE. p. v., Suffolk co., K Y. : near (he lino of the Long Island R. K., 6 m. "W. of Greeiiport, and 129 m. 3. E. by S. Albany. 1S9 EAS EAS East Dasii!, p. v., Barnsloblo co, Mass. : C6 m. S. E. ""^Z Dco^.», p. v., oxford CO., Me. : 81 n>. E. by N. ^iT'v^^o.-., p. v., Penobscot Co., Me.: 44 m.N.E. '^'ErsiDoESKT, p. v., Bennington co., Verm: on the lino oftho Ve:,"™ Vermint R. E., T4 m. 8. by W. Mon.pe hen East Doiiglass, p. v., Worcester CO., Jl^m.: on Mum- ford r.. an affluent of Blackstone r., 3S m S.W Boston^ East Dotee, p. o., Piscataquis Co., Me. : a m. N. N. 1.. ■^'ifrsTDcASESBmiGn, p. o., Schenectady co., M T.: 21 m. W. K. W. Albany. ,- v . oi- n, «. Vf East Dokua-x., p. o., Greene co,, ^. T. : 26 m. S. W. ^ eTst Eddisgtos, p. v., Penobecot co.. Me. : 73 m. N. E. ^irs?EoEN, p. 0., Erie co., iK ?: : 256 m. W. Albany. e1" E.tw.p.v., York co.,m: on the line of the Portsmouth, 6aco, and Portland K. K., 99 m. S. S. W. "" Ea"^ EVA.S, p. o., Eric co., X T. : 203 m.W Albany. East E^ceteb, p. v., Monroe CO., Mich. : on Stony cr. of Lake Erie, 73 m. S. E. Lansing. . ,„. „ East Fairfield, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio. 18C m. E. N. E. Columbus. East Fairfield, p. v., Franklin CO., Verm. : on an afllu- encc of Missisqui r., 41 N. N. W. MontpeUer EvsT Ealmocth, p. v., Barnstable co.. Muss. : at the head of an inlet of Vineyard Sound, 61_m. S S. E. Boston. East FisnKiLL, t.. Duchess co.,*": l..' ,2 m 8. Albanj. Drained by FishkiU cr. Surface hUly in S. ; in N. declining to plains ■ The t. contains 210 farms, 13 manufacturmg establishments, 441 dwellings, and 2,010 inhabitants^ East Florence, p. o., Oneida co., X. 1 . : 10b m.W. N.-S\ . Albany. ^ o* „ Eastford, t. and p. v., Windham co., Cmiu: 81 ni. E bvN Hartford. Drained by Natchaug r., a tributary ol Willimantic r. The v. is located between the forks of the r., and has several manufactures. Pop. 1 128. East Fork, p. o., Montgomery co., M. : on_tho E. fork of Shoal cr., an affluent of the Kaskaskia r., 4i m. S. S. n. "^'Elsf "oRK, p. o., Macon Co., Mo. : on the E. fork of Chariton r., S9 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. East Foxborocgii, p. v., Korfolk co., Jfoss. ; near the linelf the Boston and Providence E. E.,23 m. S. by W. ^ Ea8°t Frakklin, p. v., Franklin co., rerm. : 5* m. N. by W. Montpelier. t,t v -kt East Freedom, p. o., Blair co., Penn. : 84 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. »,■ ^- . i, i m East Freetown, p. 0., Corttandt county, X.i.. 114 m. W by S. Albany. , ,, East Gai-nes, p. o., Orleans co., X. T. : 228 m. W. by N. Albany. . ir ir . oio „ East GAiNEsyiLLE, p. o., Wyommg co., N. Y. . 218 m. "^Filr oLvAT, p. 0., Saratoga co., M Y. : 2T m. N. N.W. Albany. ,0.. „ tjt East Gesoa, p. v., Ciyuga county, K. 1.; 13, m. w. ^E°AST Georgia, p. v., Franklin co.. Term. : on the Une of the Vermont Central E. P.., 48 m. N. W. Montpelier East Germak, p. o., Chenango eo., N. Y. : 100 m.W. by S. "■GERMA..T0WN, p. v., Wayne co., M.: 56 m. E. '1as"t GL^KviLLB, p. o., Schenectady CO., iv: Y: 10 m, ''E'!;;'GrA™.,p. o.,Eensse.acr co., ^ K: 21 m.K.E, Albany. 190 14 m. N. E,vsT GKAJiBT, p. v., Hartford county. Conn. Hartford. _ East Granville, p.v., Hampden co., MoM. : on an afllQ- ent of Westfield r., 98 m. W. by S. Boston. East 6rei-:.nbcsu, p. v., Bensselaer county, A. Y. : C m. E. by 8. Albany. It contains about 30 dweUings. East Gree.-^, p. o., Chenango CO., X. T. : 99 m.W. S.W. Albany. ,„^ ,, t- East Greenville, p. v., Stark co., Olao: 100 m. N. E. Columbus. East Greeswict, p. 0., Washington co., A. 1. ■• .« m. N. N. E. Albany. „ r 10 E\5T Greenwich, t., p. v., and cap. Kent eo., h. J. ■ t- m 8 Providence. Drained by Maskachug and Hunt's rivers on which are numerous cotton and other manufac- tories. Surface rather rough and stony. Soils comparatively fertile yielding good crops of corn, barley, and potatoes. The t is alw noted for its excellent fruit and cider. The harbor in front of the v., an arm of Narragansct Bay, is deep enough for vessels of 500 tons. A number of vessels are owned here, and the coasting trade and fisheries give em- ployment to many of the inhabitants. Across the bay to Bristol is about 8 miles. The village is intersected by tho Stonington and Providence E. E. Pop. of t. 2,3o?. East Grove, p. o., Henry eo., la.: 52 m. 8. lo^a City. East Geotelaud, p. o., Livingston co., JK Y.: 19 1 m. W. Albany. ,r t^ . ci m East Guilford, p. v., Chenango county, N.Y.Si m. W. by S. Albany. Situate on the W. side of UnadiUa cr., and contains about 30 dwellings. East Hadda-m, t. and p.v., Middlesex CO., C(W«..;2T m 8 S E Harlford. Drained by tributaries of Connecticut r ' which'makes lis W. border. Surface uneven .and rocky. Soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. The v. "f Ef Had- dara lies on the E. bank of the Connecticut, a litte below the mouth of Salmon r., 14 m. from Long Island Sound. U is a thriving place, with a b.ank, etc. In the t. there arc several other manufacturing viUagcs-on Salmon r. aiad 1I3 tribut.ary, Moodus r, Pop,oft. 2,610, „ „ c f Eastuam, t. and p, v,, Barnstable co„ Mass.:S^ m. S.E Boston. Situate on Cape Cod, about half way between the elbow and the Cape. Surface flat. Soil sandy and sterile The inhabitants arc chiefly engaged m coasting ami the flslleries and in the manufacture of salt, which ,s produced ,,)• the el-aroralion of sea-water. Pop. 845 East Uamblegu, p. o,, Erie CO, AC K . -49 m. ^'Sh.^«ilton, p, o,, Madison county, X. T. : 82 m, W, bvN, Albany. . „ EiST Hampden, p.v., Penobscot Co., Me..: on the W. side of Penobscot r., immediately below the confluence of Sowailabseook r., 59 m. N. E. Augusta. '^Isx Hampton, p. v., Middlesex co. Conn^ on Pine Brook, the outlet of Pocotopogue Pond, 17 ra. 8. .. i.. H™r°ford, The New iork and Boston K, E. (direct Ime) will Da«3 through the village. Ea^t Hampton Lake, p. 0., Middlesex co„ Conn. : 1,5 m, 8, 8, E, Hartford, . . .5 East Hampton, t. and p, v„ Hampshire co M>m. . 98 n, W by S. Boston, Drained by several trilnitanes of r^nneetient r. Surface variegated, and soils alluvial and ver" p o luetive. The v. is pleasanUy situate on a flue mdl- , r .,„d h-js several factories of cotton goods, boots and ::: s ;tc M, T^lies between this t, and the C^nnec- n ul ; The line of the abandoned Hampshire and llamp- d" Canal passes through the t,. and will be probablV filled up and used as the bed of the New Haven and Norlhamp- '"Siam™™:? iid p, V,. Suffolk CO., y. r. .■ 133 m. S E Albany. Occupies the extreme E. peninsula of Long inland, and includes Gardiner's and other small islands Surface level; soil, san.ly alluvion, T..ward Montauk Point the land is rugged. On this noted point there is a EAS EAS lisht-house 140 feet bigh, the light of which can l,>e seen 30 m. from sea. A remnant of the Montauk Indians re- side here on a conditional resenation of 1,000 acres. The v. lies on a single street and contains about -100 iuhabilants. There are in Ihe t. 163 farms, 2 manufacturing establith- menls, 423 dwellings, and 2,122 inhabitants. East IIaxotee, t. and p, o., Lebanon co., Penn. : 21 m. E. Uarrisburg. It lies between the Blue Mountains and Swatara cr., which gives it considerable water-power. It has several mills, etc., and about 2,600 inhabitants. East IIardavick, p. v., Caledonia eo., }'4. East Haverhill, p. v., Essex CO., Mass, : on the N. side of Merrimac r., 32 m. N. Boston. East Haverhill, p. v., Grafton co., y. Ramp.: 13 m. N. N. W . Concord. East IIebrox, p. v., Oxford co.. M^. : on a cr. of Little Androscoggin r., and on tlie line of the Buckfield Branch R. Pv., 31 m. "W. S. W. Augusta. East Hempfield, t. and p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 82 m. E. S. E. Uarrisburg. Drained l)y Little Conestoga r. Surface generally level, and soils fertile. There are several distilleries, mills, etc., in the town, and about l.SOO inhabit- ants. The Lancaster and Uarrisburg K. E. passes through it, 5 ra. W. Lancaster. East IlF.nRicK, p. c, Bradford co., Ptnn.: lOS m. N. by E. Uarrisburg. East Higiigate, p. v., Franklin co., Verm.: on the N. side of Missisqui r., 52 m. N. N. W. Montpelier. East Hill, p. v., Alleghany co., 2^. Y. : 203 m.'W. Albany. East Homeb, p. o., Cortlandt co., A'". Y.: 117 m. W. Albany. East Houxdsfield, p. o., Jefferson co., K. Y.: 143 m. N. W. Albany. East Jaffret, p, v., Cheshire co., iV. ITamp.: 36 m. 8. "W. Concord. East J.wa, p. o., Wyommg co., jV. Y,: 220 ni. "W. Alliany. East Kent, p. o., Lilclifield co., Conn. : 41 m. W. by S. Hartford. East Kill, p. o., Greene co., A'. 3". ; 40 m. S. S. "W. Albany. East Kjllingly, p. v., "Windham co., Conn.: 40 m. E. Hartford. East Kingston, t. and p. v., Rockingham co., K, llarnp. : 37 m. S. E. Concord. Drained by Pow-wow r. Soils fer- tile. It has several mills, tanneries, etc. Tlie v. is localetl on the Boston and Maine R. R. Fop. oft. 532. East Knox, p. o., Waldo co., Me.: 29 m. E. N. E. Augusta. East Koy, p. o., "Wyoming co., K. Y. : on East Koy cr., 2ts m. W. Albany. The creek rises in Genesee co., and in Alleghany co. unites with West Koy er., whence it flows into (Jencsee r. It is a good mill stream. East Landaff, p. o., Grafton co., A^. Hamp. : at the S. base of Landaff Mount^iin, 04 m. N. by W. Concord. The finest of iron ore abounds in this vicinity. East Lansing, p. o., Tompkins co., A^. Y. : 13G m. W. by S. Albany. East La Porte, p. o., Haywood co.. A' Cai\: 246 in. W. Raleigh. East Lebanon, p. v., Grafton oo.. A''. Jlfimp.: at the N. end of Mascoma Pond, 46 m. N. W. Concord. The Northern (N. U.) R. E. intersects the v., CI m. by the route from Concord. East Lee, p. o., Berkshire co., Mass. : 113 m. W. Boston. East Lejji'Ster, p. o., Sullivan co., N. Ham}). : 31 m. W. Concord. East Leon, p, o., Cattaraugus co., K Y. : 204 m. "W". by S. Albany. East Lewlston, p. o., Mahoning co., Ohio : 137 m. N. E. Columbus. , East Lesinoton, p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass. : 9 m. N.W. Boston. The Lexington and West Cambridge R. R. passes through the village. East Libeett, p. o., Logan co., O^iw: 46 m. N. W. Columbus. East Libertt, p. v., Allen CO., I/i(f. : 104 m. N. E. Indianapolis. East LutERTT, v., Alleghany co., Penn.: on the Penn- sylvania R. R., 5 m. E. Pittsburg. It is a thriving place of some OOO inhabitants. East Lihertv, p. v., Fayette co., Penn.: on the S. W. side of Youghiogeny r., 152 m. W. by S. Uarrisburg. East Limington, p. o., York co.. Me.: 63 m. S. W. Augusta. East Line, p. v., Saratoga co., aV. Y. : 19 m. N. by W. Albany. East Livermore, t. and p. v., Kennebec co.. Me. : on lh(; left bank of Androscoggin r., 21 m. W. by N. Augusta. The Androscoggin E. R. passes through the v., about Ki m. from Leeds Station, its point of connection with the Androscoggin and Kennebec E. R. Pop. oft. 892. East Liverpool, p. v., Columbiana co., OJiio: near the right bank of the Ohio r., 134 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It is a well laid-out village, and contains several large ware- houses, etc., being the principal depfit of the flour from the numerous flouring-iaills on Little Beaver r. The location is one of tlie jileasantest in the State— the land rises from the river, affording commanding sites in the more elevated parts. East Long Meadow, p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : 79 m. W. 9. W. Boston. East Lyman, p. v., Grafton county, X. Hamp. : 77 m. W. N. W. Concord. East Lyme. t. and p. v., Kew London co., Conn-: 39 m. S. E. Hartford. It has a number of creeks falling into Long Island Sound, and on its E. border is a deep inlet much frequenU'd by fishermen, aud in which large num- 19t EAS EAS bera of fish arc taken. The v. lies about 6 m. N. "W. of Kcw London, and is pleasantly situated on high land over- looking the sound. The t, is crossed in the S. by the New- Haven and New London R. R. Pop. 1,8S2. East Macdoxouou, p. c, Chenango co., 2^. T. : 98 m. W. by S. Albany. East Macui.vs, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Me. : 121 m. E. N, E. Augusta. Drained by East Marhias r., which, after receiving the waters of a large pond from the E., falls into Macbias r. and bay, at the S. extremity of the t. These afford immense water-power. The village, or set- tlement, lies on both sides of the river, and has several mills both above and below it. Pop. of t V3S2, East Madison, p. v., Somerset co„ Me. : at the outlet of a large pond, 3t> m. N. Augusta. It has several mills and about SO inhabitants. East Maine, p. o., Broome co., N. T. : 118 m. W. S. "W. Albany. Eastmansville, p. v., Fulton co., A'". Y.: 41 m. N. "W. Albany. East Marion, p. c, Srfffolk co., 2^. T. East Marion, p. v., Livingston co., JJich. : 34 m. E. 3. E. Lansing. East Marsiifteld, p. v., Plymouth co., 3fas8.: IS m. S. E. Boston. It ia pleasantly located about a mile back from South river. East Medwat, p. v., Norfolk co., J/o-w..* 20 m. 9. W. Boston. The projected New York and Boston E. E. will pass through the village. East Middledokougii, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 34 m. 8. by E. Boston. East Mipdlebckt, p. v., Addison co. Venyi.: 30 ra. 8. W. Montpelier. East Monmouth, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : 13 m. S. "W. Angusta. East MoNRqp, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: on the"W. side of Rattlesnake cr., a constituent of Paint cr., 51 m. S.W. by S. Columbus. East Montpelier, t, and p. v., Washington co., VeTvn. : 6 fii. E. by N. Montpelier. The v. is located on Onion r., by which the sucface of the t. is drained. It is a fine agricultural region. Pop. 1,44", East Montville, p. v., AValdo co., Me. : 30 m. E. N. E. Augusta. East Moriches, p. v., Suffolk co.. A". Y. : 132 ni. S. S. E. Albany and about C2 m. E. New Tork, on the S. side of Long Island. East MotiLTONBOROUGn, p. v., Carroll co., Ii^. Hamj}. : 89 m. N. by E. Concord. East Nassau, p. o., Rensselaer co., N. Y. : 17 m. S. E. Albany. East New Market, p. v., Dorchester co., Md. : about 3 m. E. of Choptank r., 39 m. S. E. Annapolis. East Newport, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : on a cr. of Sebasticook r., 53 ra. N. E. Augusta. East New Portland, p. v., Somerset co.. Me. : on Seven Mile Brook of Kennebec r., 42 m. N. N. W. Augusta. East New Sharon, p. v., Kennebec co.. Me. : 23 m. N. N. W. Augusta. East New A''inetaed, p. v., ErankUn co., Me. : 35 m. N- N. W. Augusta. East New York, p. v., Kings co., N.Y.:^ ra. from New York and 130 m. S. Albany. This is a pleasant v., located on the line of the Long Island R. R.. and has within the past year or two been rapidly increased by the over- flowing population of the adjoining cities. It has several promising manufacturing establishments. East Northport, p. v., Waldo co., Me. : on Belfast Bay, 42 m. E. Augusta. East Northwood, p. t., Rockingham co., A^ Hmnp.: 17 m. E. by S. Concord. East North Yar.\iouTh, p. v., Cumberland CO., Me. : 40 tn. S. by W. Augusta. 192 East Norwich, p. v., Queen's co., IT. Y.: 126 m. S. Albany. East Ogden, p. v., Lenawee co., Jlich. : 71 m. S. S. E. Lansing. Easton, t. and p. o., Fairflehl co., Conn. : 51 ra. S. W. by S. Hartford. Drained by Saugaluck and Mill rivers, which run to Long Island Sound. It ia entirely agricultural in its industry. Pop. 1,432. Easton, p. v., and cap. Talbot co., Md.: on Treadhaven cr., 12 ra. from its confluence with the estuary of Choptank r., 27 ra. E. S. E. Annapolis. Lat, 30° 46' 10" N., and long. 76° OS' W. It is the largest and most populous v. of the eastern shore, and a place of considerable trade. It contains a C. U., a jail, a market-house, anil 4 church edi- fices; and it has two newspapers, the "E. Gazette'' (whig) and the " E. Star" (dem.), both issued weekly. Pop. 1,413. Easton, t. and p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 24 ra. S. Boston. Drained by affluents of Taunton r., on which are numer- ous establishments for cotton, woo], and iron manufactures. It is one of the most busy manufacturing towns in the State. The V. hes a little eastward of the centre of thet, P. 2,337. Easton, t. and p. v., Washington co., X. T. : 24 m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by Batteukill and other creeks of Hudson r., which bounds it on the W. Surface diver- sified; soil, sandy and clayey loam. The v. lies on the Troy and Whitehall turnpike, and contains between 300 and 400 inhabitants. The t. has a pop. of 3,225. Easton, p. v., WajTie co., Ohio: 79 ra. N. E. Columbus. Easton, p. b., and cap. Northarapton co., Penn. : on tho W. side of Delaware r., where it receives the Lehigh r., 93 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. It is built on a point of laud formed by the Delaware and Lehigh rivers and Bushkill cr. Tbe streets are laid out along the cardinal points, crossing each other at right angles, and forming in the centre of the borough a square area, on which stands the court-house. The part of the v. on the Delaware is level, but consider- ably elevated above the river, and the ground rises grad- ually toward the W., to a considerable height. There are fine bridges and viaducts over all the streams above- mentioned. Easton is the entrepSt of a vast internal commerce be- tween the coal and iron fields of Pennsylvania and the Eastern markets, and will in time become an important point in the line of travel frora East to West, being situated at the most eligible pass between tho two sections. Already it is the terminus of several lines of railroad and of three canals, viz., the Morris Canal, the Lehigh Canal, and the Delaware Canal. Here terminates the New Jersey Central R. R., and also railroads coming from the western borders of Pennsylvania on Lake Erie, and from Pittsburg ; and others are projected to Lake Ontario. The distance from New York to Erie iyiar- rels, and 50,0(10 barrels of corn meal. At Easton alone during 1851, there were manufactured 90,000 barrels of EAS EAS flour, 14,000 barrels of whiskey, 3,000 tons of pig melal, and SOO tons refined iron. Immense deposits of the finest kinds of iron ore have been found in liie vicinity, and no section of the United States is more favorably adapted to the suece-ssful manufacture of iron. In sliort, the position and resources of Easton are so favorable, and its growth so rapiJ, that nothing but the opening of the lines of railroad now projected is wanting to enable it to take a position among the most prosperous of our inland cities. The borough is well supphed witli the means of educa- tion and religious inslnicticn. It lias innnerous Sabbath- echools and churches, and several primary and public scliools, academies, etc. ; and lu-re is located Lafayette Col- lege, one of the beat institutions uf the State— manual labor forming a branch of its curriculum. This institution was founded in 1S32; in 1S50 it liad a presiid, and rises 25 feet. It has a large lumber trade, and its trade with the neighboring provinces has long been very flourishing. In the fisheries and coasting it has also a large nund)er of vessels engaged. The tomjage of Passaniaqu"ddy Bay in 1S50 was 19,9S5 tons, of which 10,531 tons were registered, 9,153 tons enrolled and licensed, and 272 tons licensed and under 20 tons. Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage, 7,385 tons were engaged in the coast- ing trade, 1,316 in the cod fishery, and 4S2 in the mackerel fishery. The steam tonnage amounted to 213 tons regis- tered, and 048 tons enrolled and licensed. During the year 1S49-50, 7,4SS tons of shipping were built, viz., 13 ships, 8 brigs, 15 schooners, and 3 steamers. Clearances to foreign ports, 746 1^63,307 tons), and entrances, 720 (58,453 tons). Much of the shipping built here is sold and exported. The popidation of the t. in 1850 was 4,125. A United States' garrison is maintained at this station, which is the most easterly of the Union, and nearest to the Brilisii territory. Easti'okt, p. v., Tishemingo co., Mias. : on left bank of Tennessee r., and immediately W. of the mouth of Bear r., 2iiS m. N. E. Jackson. The Memphis and Charleston R. R. passes through the v., skirting the r. from Tuscumbia to the Tennessee State line. East Podi-tney, p. v., Rutland co., Yet^n. : 56 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. It contains several mechanic shops and about 65 dwellings. East Princeton, p. v.,Worcester co., Mans. : on a branch of Nashua r., 42 m. W. by N. Boston. East Raisinville, p. v., Monroe co., Mich. : 76 m.S. E. Lansing. East RANDoi.pn, p. o., Cattaraugus co., K. Y. : 23^ m. W. by S. Albany. East Randolph, p. v., Norfolk county, Mtu^s.: 14 ra. S. Boston. East Randolph, p. v.. Orange co.. Verm. : on the Second Branch ()f White r., 23 m. S. by E. Montpelier. The river here affords good water-power. East Raymond, p. v., Cumberland co.. Me. : 46 m. S. W. Augusta. East Readfield.p. o., Kennebec co., 3/^. .• 7 m.W. N.W- Augusta, near tiie Androscoggin and Kennebec R. R. East Richland, p. v., Belmont county, Ohio: 112 m. E. CoIuml)us. East River, p. o., Mercer co., Tirg.: 192 m. W. by 9. Richmond. East r. is a tributary of Great Kanawha river. East River, p. o., Walton co., Flo}\ : on the r. so called, 132 m. AV. by N. Tallahassee. East river, A'. Y. : a strait between Long Island Sound and the harbor of New York, dividing Long Island from the mainland. It is about 15 m. long, and navigable for tho largest vessels. The noted pass, called Hell Gate, is situated opposite Barn Island, about 6 m. from New York City. The 198 EAS EAS /nternipnons to navigation in this channel have been re- moveJ, and the dangers which hitherto made it a scene of dread to the seaman, are among the things of the past, existing only in the legends of the forecastle. East Eocuester, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 114 m. E. N. E. Columbus, near the Cleveland and Pittsburg R. E., about 73 m. from Cleveland. East KoDiiAi*, p. o., Jefferson co., K. T. : 128 m. N. "W. Albany. East Rosbttrt, p. v., Washington county, Verm. : 13 m. S. by W. Monlpelier. East Kumfokd, p. v., Oxford co., 3fe.: on tbe N. side of Androscoggin r., 42 m. W. N. W. Augusta. East Rupeet, p. v., Bennington county, Venn. : 11 m. S. by W. Montpelier. East Salem, p. o., Washington co., N. Y, : 40 m. N. N. E. Albany, East Sausbuby, p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 37 ra. N. by E. Boston. East Sanbornton, Belknap co., 2i. Ramp. : near Great Bay, 21 m. N. Concord. East Sakd Lake, p. v., Rensselaer co., N. Y. : 14 m. E. Albany. East Sawdttich, p. v., Bamstablo CO., Mass. : on Cape Cod Bay, 54 m. 9. 8. E. Boston. East Sandy, p. o., Venango co., Penn. : on Sandy cr., 174 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg, East Sangekville, p. v., Piscataquis co., 3fe. : on the 8. side of Piscataquis r., 63 m. N. N. E. Augusta. East ScnrvLEE, p. o., Herkimer county, X. 51 ; 71 m. W. N. W. Albany, East Scott, p. o., Cortlandt co., K Y. : 122 m.W. Albany. East Sharon, p. v.. Potter co., Penn. : in the N. W. comer of the co.,132 m. N. W. by N. Harrisburg. East Sharon, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : 19 m. S. S. W. Boston. East SnAEPSBTJEGn, p. v., Blair co., Penn. : 116 m. W. Harrisburg. East SirEFFiEi-D, p. v., Berkshire county, Mass. : 117 m. W. by S. Boston, East SnELBmtNE, p. v., Franklin county, Mass. : 83 m. W. N. W. Boston. East Suelby, p. o., Orleans co., 2^. Y.: 123 m. W, by N. Albany. East Sihxdon, p. v., Franklin co.. Verm. : on the S. side of Missisqui r., 47 m. N. N. W. Montpelier. East SMrrnriELD, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : 103 m. N. Harrisburg. East Spkingfield, p. o., Otsego county, X. K ; 54 m. W. by N. Albany. East Springfield, p. o., Jefferson co., Ohio: 114 m. E. N. E. Columbus. East Springhill, p. c, Bradford co., Peivn. : 103 m. N. Harrisburg. East Spkingwatee, p. c, Livingston co., K. Y.: 186 m. W. Albany. East Standish, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : on the B. E. side of Sebago Pond, 55 m. S. W. Augusta. East Stekung, p. v., Wayne co., Penn. : 104 m. N. E. Harrisburg. East Stonetlam, p. v., O-xford co.. Me. : 54 m. W. by S. Augusta. East Stougiiton, p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the line of the Fall River K, R., IT m. S. Boston, and 37 m. from Fall River Yillage. East Stkong, p. v., Franklin co., Me. : 37 m. N.W. by N. Augusta. East Suffield, p. v., Hartford co., Comi. : on the W. side of Connecticut r., 13 m. N. Hartford. East Sullivan, p. v., Hancock co.. Me. : S3 m. E. by N. Augusta. East Sullitan, p, v., Cheshire co., }T. Uamp. : 37 m. W. S. W. Concord. 194 East Summer, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 31 m.W. Augusta. East Tuetford, p. v., Orange co., Vemi. : on the W. side of Connecticut r., 37 m. S. E. by S. Montpelier. The Con- necticut and Paasumsic Rivers R. R. passes the village. East Townsend, p. o., Huron co., Ohio: &S m, N. N. E. Columbus. East Trenton, p. v., Hancock co., Me. : on the N. side of Mount Desert Island Sound, 73 m. E. by N. Augusta. East Troy, t. and p. v., Walworth co.. Wise. : 66 m. E. S. E. Madison. Drained by Honey cr. of Fox r. and a number of small lakes. The v. on the N. side of Honey creek is a considerable settlement, and is connected with Milwaukie by a plank road. Pop. oft. 1.31S. East Trot, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 102 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. East Titrser, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : on the W. side of Androscoggin r., 24 m. W. S. W. Augusta. East Union, p. v., Lincoln county. Me. : 31 m. E. S. E. Augusta. East Union, t. and p. o., Wayne co., Ohio : 73 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Apple cr., a constituent of Killbuck cr. Surface diversified : soil fertile. The Ohio and Penn- sylvania R. R. runs along the N. line of the t. Pop.194. East Unity, Sullivan co., K. Hamp. : on the S. branch of Sugar r., 31 m. W. by N. Concord. East Vabick, p. v., Seneca co., 2f.Y.: on the W. side of Cayuga Lake, 152 m. W. Albany. East Vassalborough, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : on the N. side of a large pond, 14 m. N. E. Augusta. E astville. p. v., Randolph co., Ala. : on Little Tallapoosa r., near the E. line of the State, 89 m. N. E. by N. Mont- gomery. Eastvtlle, p. v., Bath co., Kij. : 66 m. E. Frankfort. Eastville, p. v., and cap. Northampton co., Virg. : 86 m. E. Richmond, on the S. side of King's cr., a small stream which enters by a broad estuary into Chesapeake Bay. It contains the co. offices and about 30 dwellings. East Vikgil, p. o., Cortlandt county, A^. Y. : 118 m. W. Albany. East Wakefield, p. v., Carroll co., K Hamp. : 83 m. N. E. Concord. ■* East Wareham, p. v., Pljnnouth co., Mass. : 42 m. S. 3. E. Boston. East WAsniNGTON, p. v., Sullivan co., K Hiimp. : 27 m. E. by S. Concord. East Waterford. p. t., Juniata co., Penn. : onTuscarora cr., 47 m. W. Harrisburg. East Weare, p. v.. Hillsborough co., JV. ITainp. : on the S. side of Piscataquay r., and on the line of the New Hamp- shire Central K. R.,14 m. S. W. Concord, and 16 m. from Manchester. East Westmoreland, p. v., Cheshire co., N". Uamp. : on the line of the Cheshire R. R., 4'J m. W. S. W. Concord, 51 m. from Fitchburg, and 14 m. from Bellow's Falls. East Westville, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 137 m. N. E. Columbus. East Weymouth, p. v., Norfolk county, Mass. : on the S. shore of Massachusetts Bay, 11 m. S. by E. Boston. The South Shore R. R. passes through the village, 7 m, from Cohasset. and 15 m. from Braintree. East WnATELY. p. v.. Franklin co., Mass. ; on the W. side of Connecticut r., 81 m. W. by N. Uoston. East Wilton, p. v., Franklin county, Me. : 27 m. N. W. Augusta. East Wilton, p. v., Hillsborough co.. K. TTamp. : 27 ra. S. S.W. Concord. The Nashua and Wilton It. E. terminates here, 15 m. from Nashville. East Windham, p. v., Greene county, A'l n : 33 m. 8. W. by S. Albany. East Windsor, t. and p. v., Hartford co., Conn. : on the E. side of Connecticut r.,11 m. N. N, E. Hartford. Drained by Scantic r. and other streams, wliich furnish fine mill- power. Surface level, and soil sandy or gravelly loam. EAS EDD The V. is 1 m. back from Ihc Connecticut r.. and is chiefly on one long street running parallel with the river. Here is located the Theological Institute of Connecticut, founile.jn)3, t and p. v., Eaton county Mieh. : 12 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Grand r. The v. is located at the rapids, called as above, and is a flourishing settle- ment, A newspaper, the "Eaton Democrat," is published weekly. Pop. oft. 1,525. Eatonton, p. v., and cap. Putnam co., Ga. : to the E. of Little r., a branch of the Oconee r., 24 m. N. by W. Milledge- ville. It contains a court-house, and other co. offices, and about 600 inhabitants. The Eatonton P.. K. to Milledge- ville, when completed, will connect the v. with the Georgia and South Carolina R. R., and thus open up an avenue to the sea-board fur an extensive agricultural country. Eatontown, p. v., Monmouth co., 2^. Jfr. : on a branch of Swimming r., 36 m. E. Trenton. It contains about 45 dwellings. The vicinity is a pleasant and fertile country, and has a commanding view of the Atlantic, 4 or 5 m. to the eastward. Eatonville, p. v., Herkimer co., K. Y. : ^ m.W. N.W. Albany. Eao Pleine, p. o.. Portage co., Wise, : lOS m. N. by W Madison. Ebi:nf,zer, p. v., Morgan county, (?(/. ; 37 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. EuENEZEE, p. 0., Holmes county. Miss. : 53 m. N. by E. Jackson. Ebenezeb, p. T., Fayette co., Tenn. : 159 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Edesezektille, p. v., York district, S. Car. : 76 m. N. Columbia. EBENSBUEGn, p. b., and cap. Cambria co., Penn.: 103 m. W.by N. Harrisburg. It has a commanding site on tho Alleghany Mountains, and contains a brick court-house and county offices, several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. EcKFORD, t. and p. v., Calhoun co., Mich. : 3S m. S. S.W. Lansing. The v. is on Beaver cr., a branch of Kalamazoo r., which is the principal drain of the township. Eckmansville, p. v., Adams co., Ohio: 76 m. S. by W. Columbus. Economy, p. v., Wajme co., Ind. : on the E. side of Mar- tindale's fork of the E. branch of White Water r., 57 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. Pop. 400. Economy, t. and p. v., Beaver co., Penn. : 1S2 m.W. by N. Harrisburg. It lies on the right bank of the Ohio r., and on the line of the Ohio and Pennsylvania E. P., 17 m. below Pittsburg. The v. is laid out on two streets parallel to the r., with others crossing at right angles. This settlement was made by George Eapp,a German, who with a number of his countr>"nien of the religious order of Harmonists, first sttUed in Butler co., Penn. ; from thence they all removed to tho Wabash, and built the village of New Harmony. At that time they numbered about SOO. New Harmony was purchased in ISl 4 by Robert Owen, tho Scotch Socialist, and Rajip and his followers estabUshed themselves at Economy. In 1832 a nurabor of them seceded and joined Count Leon, who claimed to be a special messenger sent from heaven to establish a Zion in the West. They settled at Phillipsburg, opposite Beaver, but the society soon ceased to exist. The Harmonists hold their properly in common. They have a good number of mills here, and are noted for their industry and sobriety. The population of Economy is about 1,400. Eapp died in 1S47. EcoRCE, t. and p. o., Wayne co., Midi. : 76 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Drained by the Riviere Aux Ecorces, an affluent of Detroit Strait, which makes the E. border of the t. P. (153, Edpington, t. and p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : 6 m. N. E. Bangor, and 71 m. E. N. E. Augusta. The v. is pleasantly located on the E. side of Penobscot r., and has considerable trading fticilities. Pop. oft. 6^6. Eddyville, p. v., Wapello co., U. : on the left bank of Dcs Moines r., opposite the mouth of Gray's cr., 61 m. S.W. Iowa City. EnnYviLLE, p. v., Cattaraugus county, i^ Y. : 252 m. W. by S. Albany. Eddyville, p. v., and cap. Caldwell co., Ky. : on tbe 195 EDE E. Bide of Cumberland r., 192 m. W. S.W. Frankforl. It Is a thriving village of about 600 inhabitants, and has consid- erable trade. Princeton, 1* m. lo the E., was the former county seat. Eddington, p. v., Kock Island CO., III. : to the N. of Copperas cr., 124 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. EDE.V, p. v., Bryan co., Ga. .• 148 m. E. S. E. Milledgcville. EDE.V. p. v., Hancock county, Ind. : on Sugar cr., 24 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. Ede.v, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Me. : occupying the N. E. part of Mount Desert Island, T8 ra. E. Augusta. Surtocc uneven. Soil fertile. It is washed on three sides by rrenchman'8 Bay and Mount Desert Sound, the latter of which separates it from the main. Several small islands off the coast in Frenchman's Bay belong to this town. With many fine harbors, it has comparatively extensive coasting trade, and great advantages for the shore fisheries, in w hieh many of the inhabitants are engaged. It is noted, also, for its large crops of cranberries, amounting in some years to 1,0110 bushels. Pop. 1,1 ;7. Eden, p. v., Ingham co., ilii^h. Edem, t and p. v., Erie co., K. T. : 2G5 m. W. Albany. Drained by Cauquaga and Big Two Sisters' creeks, whieii flow to Lake Erie. Surface undulating; soil, a gravelly loam and clay. The v. is on the S. side of Cauquaga er., about-14 m. S. Buffalo. Pop. of t. 2,494. Eden, t and p. o.. Fond du Lac CO., Wise. : 04 m. N. E. Madison. Drained by the head branches of Milwaukie r., which rise in this town, and also by streams falling into Winnebago Lake. Pop. 840 Eden, p. v., Trumbull co., O/iio : 13T m. N. E. Columbus. Located on a cr. of the W. branch of Mahoning r., about 6 m. S. W. of Warren, the co. scat. Eden, p. o., P.andolph co., Jf. Car. : T3 m.W. Raleigh. Edex, p. o., Laurens dist., S. Car. : 81 m. N. W. Columbia. Eden. p. v.,M'Kean Co., Penn. : 101 m. N.W. Ilarrisburg. Eden, t. and p. v., Lamoille co., Venn. : 31 m. N. by K. Monlpelier. Drained by Greene r. and Wild Branch of Lamoille r. Surface mounlainous, rocky, and cold, but good for grazing, and produces fine cattle and sheep. The v. is pleasantly located near the centre. This t. was granted to " Colonel Seth Warner and his associates, our worthy friends, the officers and soldiiTS of his regiment, in the line of the Continental Army," 28th August, 1781. Pop. 66S. Edenburg, p.v., Cameron co., 7'«p. ; 298 m. 9. Austin City. Edenbueg, p. v., Shenandoah Co., Virg. : 112 m. N. W. Kichmond. Edenfield, p. v., Irwin co., Ga. : 119 m. S. Milled<;evillc. Eden's Eidge, p. o., Sullivan CO., Tenn. : 240 m. E. by N. Nashville. Edenton, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : 89 m. S. W. by 8. Columbus. Edenton, p. v., and cap. Chowan co., A^ Car. : near the moulh of Chowan r., at tlio head of Edenton Bay, which sets up from Albemarle Sounil, 12:; m. E. N. E. lialcigli. It contains the co. offices, and has about 400 inhabitants. Considerable shipping is owned in the v., and a newspaper, the " Albemarle Bulletin" (whig), is published weekly. Edenton, p. v., St. Lawrence CO., K Y. : 146 m. N. W. Albany. Eden Tallev, p. o., Erie co., K Y. : 26T m. W. Albany. Edentille, p. T., Orange co., K Y. : 96 m. 8. S. W. Albany. Edgae county. III. Situate E. middle, and contains 642 Bq. m. Drained by Big. Bndette's, and Cedar creeks, and Embarras r., all tributaries of the Wabash. Surface chiefly level orundulating; prairie interspersed with timber. Soils generally fertile, producing Indian corn, oats, wheat, etc. Farms 1.175 ; manuf. 88 ; dwell. 1,702, and pop.— wh. 10,641, fr. col. 51— total 10,092. CapiUil: Paris. Public Wori:t : Mississippi and Atlantic K. K. Ei.GAB, p. v., St. John Baptist par. La.: 49 m. 8. E. Baton Kongo. 196 EM Edgartows, L, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Dukes CO., J/7 m. N.W. Ilarrisburg. Pop. 600. Edinburgh, p. v., Garrard county, Ky.: 52 m. S. E. Frankfort Edi.nbuegh, p. v., Johnson co., Ind. : on tlic E. side of theE. branch of White r., about 2 m. above the confluence of Sugar r., and at tlie point wliere tlie Madison and In- dianapolis E. K. crosses Iliat .stream, antl the ShelbyviUe Lateral Branch E. E. conmels witli it. 3ii ra. S. S. E. Indian- apolis. It is a flourisliing and important village, having EDI EGG pxtensive water-power, ami bcini; located in liie midst of a fine agricultural region. It was first settli-tl in 1^21. but until the completion of the Madison R. K. was of slow growth. It has now about 700 inhabitants. EpiNBtTKcn, t. and p. o., Penobacot co., Me. : 83 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by afflrents of Penotiseol r., which makes its E. boundary. The t is entirely agricultural and but sparsely settled. Top. 93. Edisbdkgd, p. v., Hilladale co.. Mich. : G3 m. S. by E. Lansing, EDiNBtTBGH, p. V., Lcake CO., Mm. : on the N. side of Pearl r., 5S m. N. E. Jackson. Edinburgh, t, and p. o., Saratoga co., 2r. Y. : 8S m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by Sacondaga r. ; surface in the E. mountain, and in the VT. undulating. The river valley or flats of the Saeondaga is extensive, and its soil rich alluvion. The v. is located on the left side of the r., and contains about 200 inhabitants. Fop. of I. 1,0S6. Edinburgh, t. and p. v., Portage co., Ohio: 127 ra. N. E. Columbus. Drained by one of liie head etreams of the W- branch of Mahoning r. Surface varied, and soils generally fertile, well adapted for grain growing. The v. is pleasantly located in the centre of the t., 6 m. S. E. Eavenna, and contains about 200 inhabitants. The t. has good water- power, etc. Pop. 1,101. Edinbukgh, p. v., Lawrence co., Pejin. ;200 m.W.X.W. Harrisburg. Edisbcrgh, p. v., Mercer co., X. Jet'. Edinburgh Centre, p. c, Saratoga co., X.T. : 87 m. N. by W. Albany. Edisto, p. v., Lexington dist., S. Car. : on North Edisto r., 31 m. S. Columbia. Edisto Mills, p. 0., Edgefield dist., »?. Car.: on South Edisto r., 53 m. W. by S. Columbia. Edisto river, S. Car. : has its rise in Edgefield district, in two main constituent rivers, the North and the South Eriisto, which meet a little W. of Branchville. whence the course of the r. is E. and S. E. to the Atlantic Ocean, which it enters by two channels forming Edisto Island, about 12 ra. long and from 1 to 5 m. wide. The Edisto is navigable for large boats for 100 miles. Edmeston, t. and p. t., Otsego co., 2^. Y. : 74 m. W. Albany. Drained by creeks of Tnadilla r., which makes its W. border. Surface somewhat hilly; soil, sandy loam. The V. on the right side of Oberton's cr. contains about SO inhabitants, and the t. about 1.SS5 inhabitants. Edmondson county, A'y. Situate AV. centrally, and con- tains 2S0 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Green r., which passes through it from E. to "W. There are several springs in the co., of which Dripping Spring is the most curious and best known. Surface diversified. Soils of average fertility, producing all the grains abundantly, and tobacco, hemp, etc. Farms 507 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 651 , and pop.— wh. 3,753, fr. col.l0,sl.525— totaU,OSS. Capital: Brownsville. Fub- Uc Work^: Nashville and Louisville K. K. Edmonton, p. v., Barren county, A'y. .• 93 m. S. 8. W. Frankfort, Edmund's, p. 0., Brunswick co., Virg. : 57 m. S. by W. Richmond. Ednetyille, p. v., Henderson county, X. Car. : 212 m. "W. by S. Kaleigh. Edrat, p. v., Pocohontas co., Virg, : 14G m. "W. by N. Eichmnnd. Edsat.t.ville, p. v., Bradford co., Penn.: 112 m. N. Harrisburg. Edwards county, III. Situate toward S. E., and contains 216 sq. m. Drained by Little Wabash r. and Bonpas cr. of Wabash r., the latter of which forms its E. boundarj-. The surface is level, mostly prairie, with well-wooded bot- toms, and occasional groves of beautiful timber. Grain- growing is the chief business, but there are several mills, tanneries, etc. Farms 329; manuf. 7; dwell. 595. and pop. — wh. 3 490, fr. eoL 34— total 3,524. CaxAtal : Albion- Edwards, t. and p. o.. Si. Lawrence co., X. Y. : 144 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Oswegatchie r. Surface un even; soil, clayey loam. The grazing is excellent. The t contains iron ore, and has several factories and mills. Pop, 1,023. EDWARDsnuncH, p. v., Cass co,, 3Iich. : 9S m. 9. "W. Lansing. Situate on Beardsley's Lake and at the S. E. corner of Beardsley's Prairie. The site is pleaAint and the T, is prosperous and increasing, Edward's DkiGt. p. o.. Hinds co., 3{lss. : on the line of the Vicksburg, Jackson, and Brandon E. R., 2^ m, W. Jackson. Edward's Port, p. v., Knox co., Ind. : on the right bank of the W. fnrk of White r., IS m. N. E. Yincennes and 87 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Edwardsvii.lf. p. v., and cap. Madison co.. III. : on the E. bank of the Cahokia r., 71 m. S. by W. Springfield. It contains the usual county buildings, several stores and fac- tnries, and about 400 inhabitants. It is located in an ele- vated and jileasant section and in the midst of a highly flourishing country. A newspaper, the " Madison Record," is pulMshed weekly. Edwardsvili.e. p. v., St. Lawrence co., X. Y. : on the right side of Oswegatchie r.. 147 ra. N. W. Albany. Edwardsvili.e, p. v., Warren co., Ohio: in the S. E. of the county, 71 m. 8. W. Columbus. Eel River, p. o., Allen co., Ijtd. : on the r. ao called, 104 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. Eel r. (Shfl-a-37ial'e, or '"slip- pery fish'') rises in the N. W. comer of Allen co. and runs luO m. S. W. to Logansport, where it empties into the Wabash. Its course is rapid, its volume regular, and, for at least 60 m., ils average width is 150 to ISO feet. As a mill stream it is scarcely surpassed in the West. Eel river, Iml. : a branch of White r., emptying into it at Point Commerce, It rises in Boone co., and runs first S. W. and then S, E. through Hendricks, Putnam, Clay, and Owen counties. It is 60 m. long and about lOO feet wide, and affords good mill sites. Eel river, Calf/. : rises on the S. line of Trinity co. by several head streams, and in a course N. W. fiows to the Pacific Ocean, which it enters a little S. of Humboldt Har- bor. It is a small stream. Effingham county, Ga. Situate S. E., and contains 396 sq. m. It lies between Savannah r. and Ogeechee r., and is drained by creeks running to both. Surface level, and the soils very fertile. The staples are cotton, rice, and Indian com, with some sugar, etc. Farms 30S ; manuf. ; dwell. 3.^5, and pop.— wh. 2,009, fr. col. 7, si. 1,S4S— total 3,S&4. Cajfitat: Springfield. PvhlieWor^:Ji: Central R. R. Effingham county. III. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains 522 sq. m. Drained Chiefly by Little Wabash r. and its branches — in the W. by streams flowing to the Kaskaskia r. Surface gently undulating — chiefly prairie, but with abundance of timber. Soils fertile, but on the streams liable to floodings. Farms 391; manuf. 0; dwell. 712, and pop.— wh. 3,792, fr. col. 7— total 3.799. Capital: Ewing- ton. Public Works: Mississippi and Atlantic E. R.; Na- tional Road, etc, Effingham, t and p. 0., Carroll co., X. Ilamp. : 41 m. N. E. Concord. Drained by affluents of Ossipce lake and river; surface hilly. It is a fine grazing countrj', and has several tanneries and saw-mills. Pop. 1,252, Effingham, p. v., Darlington dist., S. Car.: on the N. side of Lynch's cr. of Great Peedee r., 71 ra. E. by N. Columbia. Effingham Falls, p. v., Carroll co., X. Uamp. : 44 m. N. E, Concord. Effort, p. v., Monroe CO., Perm. : 93 m. N. E. TIarrishnrg. Efird's Mills, p. 0., Stanly co., X. Car. : 89 m. W. S.W. Raleigh. Ego Harbor, Great, river and hay, X. Jer. : the r. rises in Gloucester co. and flows 45 m. into Great Kgg Harbor Bay, which is about 5 m. long and fVom 1 to 4 m. broad. 197 EGO ELI Tlio r. is navigiihic for slimps ovtr 25 in. above May's Land- ing, below which it flows lliroutrh a niarBli. Eoo }Iarbor, Limjt, river and bay, N. Jer. : Ihe r. rises In Burlinjrton and Gloueesler counties and flows to the bay. It is navigable Tor f. jiart of the t. and the Eochesler and Syracuse P.. P.. through ils S. jiart. It con- tains several factories, a largo number of fino mills and «tores, and about 8,9'ii inhabitants. Ei, Daka, p. o.. Pike eo.. III. : 78 m. W. by S. Springfleld Ei.nERsnuBO.i, p. v., Howard CO., Md. : on tlie \f. side of Cat-tail branch of Patuxent r., 31 in. N. W. Annapolis. Eldersvillk, p. v., Washington co., ram. ; 1!)2 m. W Harrisburg. Ei.DERToN, p. T., Armstrong co., Venn. : on Plumb er 183 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. El Doraoo county. Call/. Situate E. midillc, and con- tains ],600 sq. m. Drained by Micake Bay, opposite to Cape Charles, and having Hampton lioads on ils 8. border. It is one of the eight original coun- ties into which Virginia was divided in 1C34. The surface is level, and tho soils generally fertile. Farms 178 ; manuf. 12 : dwell. 450, and pop.— wh. 2,841, fr. eol. 97, si. 2,14S— total 4,5^6. CnpiUil: Hampton. Elizabeth City, p.T.,and cap. Pasquotank co.,A': Car.: on I'asquolank r., 20 m. above ils eonflucnco with Albe- marle Sound, and 173 m. E. by N. Ealeigh. Vessels draw- ing 7 Itet water, eomo up to this place, and it \\m a eonimu- nicarion with Hampton Roails through the Dismal Swamp Camd, a distance of about f(l m. It contains the eo. ofllees, seviTal mercantile and trading houses, and about 800 in- habitants. Its exports are staves, pine lumber, shingles, etc., chiefly to the West Indies. Three newspapers aro publisheil in the village, viz., the " Old North State" (whig), and the " Democratic Pioneer," issued weekly, and tho " Baptist Messenger," issued soini-monthly. Elizabeth islands, Duko co., Mma. : thcso islunda Ho ELI ELK bclwt'Cii Buzzard's Bay and Vineyard Sound, iind :iri; 16 in number. The largest, Nashawa and Naslmwt'iiiia, :ire in- habited. Gosnold, the discoverer of Capo Cud, wiutered in one of these islands in 1C02-3. Elizabeth Pokt, p. v., Essex co., K. Jcr. : on Slaten Island Sound, near its junction witlt Newark Bay, 39 m. N. E. Trenton. It contains several manufaeturin^ eBtab- lishnients, and al)out 140 dwellings, and is llic E. terminus of the New Jersey Central B. K., connectinE; witli New York City by a steamboat route of 14 m. The distance to Easton, J'etiu., is 64 m. Emzaketh river, Virg : rises in Princess Ann and Nor- folk counties, and flows N. W. 2r) m. into a lar<;»! estuary at the mouth of James reforming a line harbor at Norfolk. In conjunction with the l>ismal Swamp Canal and l'as(iuotank r., it forms a communication between Chesapeake Bay and Albemarle Sound. EuzAURTn Town, p. v., and cap. Carter co., Timn. : on the S. bank of Watauga r, a constituent of Ilolston, 257 m. E. Nashville. It contains a court-house and other co. offices, and has several stores and about 200 inhabitants. In the vicinity there are several largo iron-works. Ei.izABExn Town, p. v., and cap. Hardin co., III. : on the N. bank of the Ohio r., at the foot of Hurricane Island, 189 ra. S. S. E. Springfield. It contains the co. buildings, several stores, and 400 inhabitants. A short distance inland there are some iron furnaces. EuzABETU Town, p. v., Bartholomew co., Ind. : a newly- formed village, on the line of the Madison and Indianapolis E. li., 3S m. from Madison, and 55 m. from Indianapolis. It contains about 40 dwellings. Elizabeth Town, p. v., and cap. Hardin co.. A'//. ; on the N. side of Valley or., a branch of Nolin's cr., 06 m. S.W. Frankfurt Elizabeth Town, p.b., Essex co., A\ Jer,: on Elizabeth cr., 2i in. from its entrance into Slaten Island Sound, 3S m. N. E. Trenbju. Lat. AtP 3S' N., and long. 740 12' W. The New Jersey R. II., and the New Jersey Central R. E. inter- sect at this point. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 400 dwellings, and has considerable manufactures. Vessels of 30 tons come up to the v., and of 300 tons to Elizabeth Port, 2) m. below. Pop. about 3,000. Elizabetu Town, t., p. v., and cap. Essex co., K, Y. : 99 m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by several branches of Bo- quel r. Surface mountainous in the W. ; in the E. mod- erately uneven. The Clinton range of mountains rises on the W. border, some of the peaks being from 1,200 to 1,500 feet above the level of Lake Champlain. Iron ore of the finest quality abounds. The v. is on the left sitle of the r., and contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 70 dwell- ings. In the t. are several iron-works and a large number of saw-mills. Pop. 1,635. ELizABE'ni Town, p. v., and cap. Bladen co., A^ Car. : on the right bank of Cape Fear r., 40 m. above Wilmington, and 7S m. S. by E. lialeigh. It has considerable river trade, and is a thriving place. The principal buildings are the court-house, and other co. offices, and it has several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. Elizabeth Town, i>. v., Ilamllton co., 0?uo : on the right bank- of White Water r., and on the Hue of the White AVater Canal, 118 m. S. W. Columbus. It contains several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. Elizabeth Town, p. v., Lancaster CO., Penn.: in the forks of Coney cr., 83 m. E. llarrisburg. Elizarethville, p v., Dauphin co., Penn.: 23 m. N. Ilarrisburg. Elizaville, p. T., Fleming co., Ky. : 76 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Elizaville, p. v., Columbia co., 2i. T. : 33 m. S. by E. Albany. Elk county, Pmn. BItuate W. centrally, and contains 8f*,0 sq. m. Drained chiefly by the head waters of Clarion river— in the E. by afEuenls of the Susquehanna. The surface is elevated, somewhat rough, but the soils are of average fertility, and produce abundantly all the cereals and grasses. Farms 254; manuf. 50; dwell. 643, and pop. — wh. 8,529, fr. col. 2— total 3,531. Capital: Kidgeway. Public Mork.s- Sunbury and Erie K. R. Elk, p. 0., Crawford county, Wise. : 77 m. W. by N. Madison. El Kaper, p. v., Clayton co., la. : on the S. side of Turkey r., an aflluent of the Mississippi, SI m. N. by E. Iowa City. Elk CitEEK, t. and p. o., Erie co., Penn, : 216 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Cussawaga cr., a branch of Elk cr., and a tributary of Conneaut r., on the last of which are salt springs. Surface hilly: soil, gravelly loam and pro- ductive. It is a good agrieullurallown, and has about 1,S00 inh.ibitanls. Elk Cueek, p. o., Grayson 00., Tirff. : on the cr., a trib- utary of New r. so called, 216 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Elk Cnoss Roaps, p. o., Ashe county. A''. Car.: 173 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Elk Dale, p. o., Chester county, Ptun. : 73 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Elk FiTitNACE, p. o., Nelson co., Virg. : 83 m. W. by N. Richmond. Elk Garden, p. 0., Kussell co., Virg.: 26S m. W. byS. Richmond. Elk Gkove, p. 0., Lafayette co., Mo.: 99 m. TV. N. "W. Jefferson City. Elk Oeove, p. o., Cook co.. III. : to Uie E. of Elk cr. of DCS Plaines r., 174 ni. N. E. by N. Springfield. Elk Geove, p. o., Iowa county, Wise: 34 m. W. by S. Madison. Elkhakt county, Ind. Situate N. middle, and contains 4C0 sq. m. Drained by St. Joseph's, Elkhart, and other streams. There are also several lakelets in the county. Surface undulating — one half limbered, and the residue prairie or oak-barrens. The prairies are remarkably fertile. Wheal and Indian corn are the staple growths; other grains and grass are produced in abundance. Iron is found, and. at Meshawaka is largely manufactured. Farms 1,226; manuf. 70; dwell. 2.254, and pop. — wh. 12,G74, fr. col. 16 — totan2,(j90. CajHtid: Goshen. P iddic Works : Northern Indiana K. R., with branch to Goshen, and a K. K. thence S. to Peru. Elkiiaut, p. v., Elkhart co., /"(/. ." at the junction of Elk- hart and St. Joseph's rivers, 131 m. N. Indianapolis. It contains several mills, warehouses, stores, etc., and about COO inhabitants, and is the business centre of a large section, ultimately to become an important place. The Indiana Northern R. R. intersects it 102 m. from Chicago, and 146 from Monroe. Elkhart, p. v., Sheboygan co., Wise. : 84 m. E. N. E. Madison. Elkhart river, Ind. : a fine mill-stream, an affluent of St. Joseph's r. It has a permanent supply of water from springs and lakes, and for the last 40 m. above its mouth its usual breadth is from SO to 100 yards. The country through which it passes is one of the richest agricultural regions of the State. Elkiieaet, p. v., Anderson county, Tex : 178 m. N. E. Austin City. Elk Hill, p. o., Amelia county, Virg.: 32 rn. 8 W. Richmond. Elk Horn, p. v., Washington co., III.: at the head of Elkhorn cr. of Kaskaskia r., lOS m. S. Springfield. Elk Horn, p. v., and cap. Walworth co., Wiw.: in the centre of the co., 49 in. E. H. E. Madison. It contains the CO. C. II., and other public offices, and about 300 inhabitants. The trade at this point is considerable, and the v. is con- nected with Racine on the lake by a plank road. Elk Horn, p. o., Franklin co., Ay. : on Elkhorn cr. of Kentucky r., 12 in. N. by E. Frankfort. Elk Horn, p. 0., Montgomery co.. Mo. : 82 m. N. E. Jefferson City. 199 ELK ELL ■ on Elkhorn cr. Elk IIorm Grotf,, p. o., CarroU co., m. of Uock r., 152 m. N. Springfield. . ijg „ N E. Elk Lake, p. o., SuBqueUanna CO., Pmn. . 128 m. N. J.. HarrTsbu r'Drafn'd" Colanesque and Crooked creeks of ?to!ia f: Surface hilly; soil, grarel loam and cla>- heavily Umbered. Pop. about 900. „ p^„ . 1,0 „ Elk Lick, t. and p. 0., Somerset county, Pmn- . 123 m. W ^W narrisburg. It has numerous mills, disMllenes, I 'in^U an exceilfnt agricultural to,™. The Alleghany el!;;; bounds it on the east, and it is dramed by several 'Tk XTrorSS'onald CO., Mo.: on Elk r. of the Neosho, ne'aTt'e W. line of the State, 194 m. S. W. Jetfer- '"el^Poht, p. v., Clayton eo., la. : on Elk cr. of Turkey r., 72 m. N. by E. Iowa City. w.,hvillc Elk PaoGE, p. 0., Giles co., Tmn. : 63 m. 8. Nash^ He. vZ E DGE Lak^iso, p. v„ Anne Arundel (Howard) co., ^f on the S sWe of'pata ,sco r.. T m. above Baltimore Z at "he head of tide-water. The Washington Branch K E. diverges from the Baltimore and Ohio I.E., on e opposite side of the river, the former passmg through le Xee The viaduct over which the railroad erosses the Tcrear^' isVo4 feet long and 6S feet above the surface of the wat^rrest'ing on eigft arches constructed "l^r^^^^Z ried in the neighborhood. The v. has cons.derable manu Ltnres, and. In fact, the whole vicinity « one scene of mechanical industry. Pop. about SOO. Elk Eitek, p. v., Clinton CO., /u. : on Elk r., a small affluent oflhe Mississippi, 69 m.EN.E. Iowa C^y. Elk EivEE, p. 0., Franklin county, Ten,,. : 69 m. S. S. E. Nashville. The f. from which this p. 0. has its name, is a Considerable tributary of the Tennessee r. ; it nses m the hilly region on the E. border of Franklin county and thence pasLs Through Lincoln and Giles count.es, mto Alabama where it joins the Tennessee near the Muscle Shoals. It has a large number of affluents. Elk river, Oreg. Ter. : a tributary of Umpqua r., which iljoinsatthev. ofElkton. , a „, i„ „ Elk river, Md. : rises in Pennsylvania, and flows by a broad estuary into the N. part of Chesapeake Bay. It is navigable for 15 m. to Elkton. Elk river, Ala.: an affluent of Tennessee r., which it ^T:t.^^^,V. 0., r"^- CO., MO. : on Elk Lick of Salt r T6 m. N. E. JeCTcraon City. Elkton, p. v., Umpqua co., Oreg. Ter. : at the confluence ofElkr. with the Umpqua, 93 m. S.Salem. , , „ E. KTON, p. v., Crawford co., III. : on the edge of a fine prairie 10 m. W. of Ilutsonville, on the Wabash, and lOb -^K^;^::''tr;ap.Toddc.,^.onE..ork. Eed r, a tributary of Cumberiand r., 167 m. W. .-. w. Frankfort. It contains a courirhouse and other co. offices, and about 600 inhabitants. Elkton p. v., and cap. Cecil CO., Md. : at the forks of Elk r 15 m above its confluence with Chesapeake Bay, at Turkey Point, 54 m. N. E. Annapolis. It is a well-built place, X a court;house, co. prison, etc., and has 1,12S inhab- itants. The Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore E. K. nasses the town a little to the N. „ , „ •^^TOK.p. v.. Hickory CO., Jfo.: about 6 m.W. of Pomme de Terre river, an affluent of Osage river, 83 m. S. W. '1r™'"v., GUes CO., Te„n. : on Elk r. of the Tennes- see 72 m. 8. Nashville. Pop. 200. „ ,, , , Elkton p. v., Columbiana Co., Ohio: on the N. bank of the middte fork of Little Beaver r., and on the line of the 8an"y and Beaver Canal, 129 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It is 200 located on the W. side of the entrance of Elk Ran, into the above-named river, and contain, l«';»h="'''^"^. Elkville, p. v., Caldwell Co., N. Car. ■^''^f".' »' "» confluence ;mi Yadkin r., 157 m. W. "^f .»;„„„„. Ell«at, p. v., and cap. Gilmer eo., Ca.^ at the conflu ence of the Ellejay and Cotlercay rivers, 14S m. N. W. by N MUledgeville. It contains a C. H. and other county "ISrp.Tnr'tr?^- 156 - E- -y «■ ^S:"noEonon, p. v.. Grant eo.,Tn.e,-on^he^E^ side Of Platte r., an affluent of the Mississippi, 63 m. W. ». Madison. ._ -r- . i • "• Albany. Drained by English and other creeks of UiaU.au fuay r, which flows N. into the St. Lawrence and the Sad st'reams of Chazy r. of Lake Champlam. Surface hilly hut generally arable. Pop. 1,104 Vi t i-NKOWAN, p. o., Baltimore co.. Ma. FLLENtrLtp v., Ulster CO., y. y.: at the junction of sand B and Go^d ieerkill creeks, 71 m. S. by W. Albany an on the line of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, t tains three churches, an iron foundry -veralston. ke- tones, and mills, and about 600 inhabitants; and a .«.ws papeJ, the " E. Journal" (dem.), is issued weekly. In the vicinity is an old lead mine. ro . 17-1 m N I Ellerov, p. v., Stephenson county, M. . 1.3 m. JN. |'''ELLt^L;E,p.v.,Harr-isco.,(Pa.:106m.W.S.W. P^^lS:^ p. v., Susquehanna CO., iV»».: 129 m. N. E. "iTLEnTt and p. v., Chautauque co., y. T.: 273 m W by S 'i^b'y. Driiined chiefly by several creeks of Chautauque Lake, which forms its W. border. Surface undulating ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam The v. on the E shore of the lake contains about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of the t 2,504. oo m w liv N Ell GaovE, p. c, Henry co., Tcnn.: 92 m. W. by N. ""ELUCorr Creek, p. o., Erie co., .V. T. : on the creek so called, 259 m. W. Albany. ELLicorr-s Mills, p. v., Anne Arundel (n-"^> ~;^^^- on Patapsco r., 12 m. above Baltimore, and 31 m. N by W A inapoUs. The Baltimore and Ohio E. E. passes through rplace. The whole vicinity is one scene of productive du'stry; and here is.he greatest centre of Oourmg-imlls m ,he Union. In 1S.50 the population '^'u™""^" '" l'^^'' °f which number 196 were free colored persons. The How ard Gazette" is published weekly. The vicmity for 10 or 12 m aro'nd has much grand scenery, and the lands m gen- eral are in a good state of cultivation Ellicotoville, t., p. v., and cap. Cattaraugus Co., A. T. 2UmZ. bv S. Albany. Drained by Great Valley cr. and 1 to tributarie,;. surface undulating ; soil, sandy and gravelly !am The v. is located on the right side of the cr., which s an'affluent of Alleghany r.; it contains the county build- ings and about 800 inhabitants ; and has three newspapers Z "Cattaraugus Whig," the " Cattaraugus Kepublican' (dem.), and the " Whig and Union," all published weekly. The t. is chiefly agricultural. Pop. 1,412. ,. „ „ „ FlL.NOTON, t. and p. v., Tolland CO., Conn : 16 m. N. E. ,r,; f^,rd Drained by Broad Brook of Scantic r. ami Ilock- n'm 'th" omlet of'snipsick Lake and an affluent of the Connecticut. Surface varied-on the E. hilly, and on tho W generally level ; soils light and dry, and of average pr.> Ltieness. The v. is located at the cross roads, near the cenlirof the t., and contains about 60 dwellings. Pop. of 'Tlli'n^L, p. v., Outogamie co., W,.c. : 103 m. N. N. E. Madison. -.. t- . oto m Eli ington, t. and p. o., Chautauque oo., .A. T. . -JO ra. WbyS.Alb;ny. Drained by Clear cr. SurlUee undalal- ELL EMI ing; soil, sandy and gravelly Itiam. There are several tanneries and mills in the t., and about 2,001 inhabitanta. Ellingwood's Corner, p. v., Waldo co., Me. Kluott, t, and p. v., York county, Me. : 100 m. S. W. Augusta. Drained by creeks of Piscataqua r., which makes its S. W. border. Surface varied, and soil generally pro- ductive. There are several tanneries and mUIs in the t., and about 2.200 inhabitants. ELUOTTSBuKGn, p. V., Perry county, Pcnn.: 82 m. W. Uarrisburg. Elliott'9 Cboss Eoads, p. 0.) Morgan co., Ohio: 66 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Elliott's Cross Koadr, p. o., Clinton co., Ey. : on the S. line of the Slate, 110 m. S. Frankfort. Elliotts viLLE, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., J/?. ; 79 m. N. by E. Augusta. Elliottsville, p. v., Jefferson co., Ohin: on tlie right bank of the Ohio r., 126 m. E. N. E. Columlnis. It has several ponds and brooks emptying through Sebeo and Pleasant rivers into the Piscataquis. The v. lies on Wilson's Brook, an affluent of Sebec Lake. Ellis county, Tea>. Situate N. centrally, and contains SOO sq. m. Drained by the upper streams of Trinity r. Or- ganized since 1S50. Capital : Waxahachi. Elus island, K. 11 ; in the harbor of New York, op- posite the mouth of Iludson r. It belongs to the United States, and is the site of Fort Gibson, now used as a naval store-house and powder magazine. It is also known as Gibbet Island, from the fact of its having been formerly the place for hanging or gibbeting pirates condemned to death. Ellis river, Me. : a tributary of Androscoggin river. Ellis river, A'. Ilamp. : an affluent of the Saco from the While Mountains. Ellisbit.gu, p. v., La Grange co., I/u7. : 136 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. ELLisnrEGii, t. and p. v., Jefferson co., A^. Y.: 136 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by the branches of Sandy cr., an affluent of Lake Erie, which bounds it on the W. Surface level; soil, sandy loam. The v. is located on Sandy cr., which affords extensive water-power, and has several mills, about 60 dwellings, and 400 inhabitants. The Watertown and Rome E, E. passes through the E. part of the t., and at Pierrepont forms a juncti(tn with the EUisburg and Sack- ett's Harbor E. E. Pop. 5,5*24 Ellisburgh, p. b., Potter co., Penn. : 126 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Ellison, p. o., Warren co., lU. : SS m. N. W. Springfield. Elliston, p. v., Madison co., Ky. : 4S m. S. E. Frankfort. Elliston, p. v., Onondaga co., 2i. Y, : 124 m. W. by N. Albany. Ellisto'wn', p. v., Pontotoc co., Miss.: 155 m. N. E. Jackson. Ellisvtlle, p. v., Columbia co., Flor. : on the Santa F§ r., a tributary of Suwanee r., 112 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. Ellisville, p. v., Bladen co., A\ Car. .* 73 m. S. Ealeigh. Elusville, p. v., Fulton co.. III. : on the E. side of Spoon r. of the Illinois, 69 m. N. W. Springfield. There are several large mills on the river, both above and below the village. Ellisville, p. v., and cap. Jones co., Misn. : on Talla- hala cr., a constituent of Pascagoula r., 7S m. S. E. by E. Jackson. Ellisville, p. v., St Louis co.. Mo. : SS m. E. by N. Jefferson City. Ellisville, p. v., Louisa county, Virg.: 51 m. N. W. Eichmond. Ellittsttlle, p. v., Monroe co., Ind. : 44 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. The New Albany and Salem E. E. intersects this place, 7 m. N. W. Bloomington. Eliaworth, p. v., Litchfield county, Conii.: 41 m W. Hartford. Ellsworth, t, p. v., and cap. Hancock co.. Me. : 71 m. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by Union r., and there are B2 several large ponds emptying into it. Surface varied. Soil fertile, adapted alike to grain growing and grazing. The V. is situate at both sides of Union r., at the head of tide water, and accessible to large vessels. The r. is here spanned by a bridge, connecting the two sections of the v. It con- tains a court-house, co. jail, and the co. offices, and about 600 inhabitants. Pop. of t 4,009. Ellsworth, p. v., Texas co., Mo.: on Big Piney Fork of Gasconade r., 73 m. S. by E. Jefferson City. Pop, 9.":i, Ellsworth, t. and p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio: 1S2 ra* N. E. Columbus. Drained by an affluent of Mahoning r. Surface diversified, and soil of average fertility, well adapted to grass and grain. The v. on the Canfield and Eaveuna Turnpike, contains 150 inhabitants. The cheese and butter of this t have long been noted in the markets. Ellwood, p. v., Muhlenburgh co., Ky. : 146 m. W. S. W. Frankfort Ellwood's Bridge, p. o., Delaware co.. A'. )'. Elm Bluff, p. o., Dallas co., AUi. : 47 m. W. Montgomery. Elmer, p. o., Salem co., ^V. Jer. : 57 m. S. S.W. Trenton. Elm Grove, p. o., Marion co.. In. : in the S. E. corner of the CO.. 77 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. Elm Grove, p. o., De Soto co., Miss. : 177 m. N. Jackson. Klm Gro^t:, p. o., Lewis county, Mo. : los m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Elm Grove, p. o., Highland co.. III. Elm Hill, p. o., Davidson co., Te}\n. Elmira, p. v.. Stark co., III. : on the E. side of Spoon r. of the HIinois, 99 m. N. Springfield. Elmira, t, p. v., and cap. Chemung co., A^. Y. : 158 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by creeks of Chemung r. Sur- face uneven ; soil in the valleys and flats very fertile. The V. is located on the left side of Chemung r., at the entrance of Newton's cr., where is extensive water-power. It con- tains a court-house, and other co. offices, and has a number of manufacturing establishments, stores, warehouses, etc. II is also a great lumber market, and has a considerable trade. The Chemung Canal has its Southern terminus at this point, and the New York and Erie E. E. passes througli the v., and 4 m. W. of the v. is tapped by the Canandaigna and Elmira E. E. Thr. e newspapers are published here — the "E. Eepublican" (whig), the "E. Gazette"' (free soil), and Uie " E. Couri r" (whig)— all issued weekly. Two bridge^ cross th Chemung r., over one of which the R. E. passes, and over the other the turnpike. Pop. 6.212. The original nam of the t. was Con-e-ica-icah. It was settled in 17&3, and called *' Newton," and in 1791, the v. having been loca- ted by Moses De Wilt, its name was changed to " Dewitts- burg." In the last year the first frame-house was built, and the lands were sold to settlers at 18 pence per acre. The t. finally received its present title from some gentleman who named it after his wife. Pop. oft, s,166. Elmira, p. \., Fulton county, Ohio: 127 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Elmore, t. and p. o.. Lamoille co.. Term.: 16 m.N. byE. Montpelier. Drained in the S. by branches of Onion r., and in the N. by branches of the Lamoille. Surface elevated and rough ; soils moderately fertile. The v. is located in the N. part of the t. on a branch of Lamoille r. The t. has several ponds, and contains iron ore. Pop. 504. Elmore, p. o., Peoria co.. III. : 73 m. N. Springfield. Elm Point, p. o.. Bond co., III.: in the middle of Fork Prairie, between the forks of Shoal cr., an affluent of Kas- kaskia r, Gl m. S. by E. Springfield. Elm Springs, p. v., Washington co., Ark. : 144 m. N. W. Little Eock. Elm Tree, p. o., Hancock co.. III. : on the edge of a fine prairie, 6 m. E. 3. E. Carthage, and S4 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Elm Wood, p. o.. Peoria co., TIL: on Kickapoo cr., 63 m. N. by W. Springfield. Ei,M Wood, p. o., Saline county, Mo. : 76 ni. W. N W Jefferson City. 201 ELO ELON, p. o., AmherBt co., Virg. : 93 m. W. KicUmond. j Elrod, p. v., Ripley co., Ind. -^ ^. ^y B. ' Elton, p. v., Cattaraugus co., ilA. T. . 148 m. w . cy Tlto';-, p. v., Edgefield district, S. Car.: 64 m. W. "t . ,p.v.,andcap. Lorain CO., OMo: 108 m N.N. E. Colmbus I.ra ined by Biaclc r. of Lake Erie and >te tnb- "surface uneven; soils generally fertile. T he v. .s p e'antly located between the E. and W. forks of Maek r tuA unite about half a mile N. of it, and each of ,>h h riL a perpendicular fall of nearly 40 feet on the oppo.ao T .rm,. V affording extensive hydraulic power. The ' 1 sLe'ts ex end from one branch of the river to the Tc'lnd he b^ exhibit much neatness and t^te 1 conSns a court-house and other eo. bmldmgs, seve a rare:,faetories,andmiUsandabou^ rr^^rrS) ^epub~wee^k,y.'TheLake BhoTeE ~ ctvi;ndto'sandusky,passesmroughthe ^■"ESBtfJn,p.v.!'N^U>umber,andco.,P»...-M.>.I^. ''rs^%n«.s,p.o., Harrison co., T^.: 2T0m.N.E. ^™M,-p. v., M'Henryco., /«••«" "^^S. side of Boon .n^ on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio K, 1.., il in. v» and on me imc Annapolis. It contains 1 cot- f "™d°T'oaknm fal^; 1 1 -ch. 1 school,and 106 inhab- r;, T 1^-erSuilt Of brick and stone. Thevicic- vis thickly settled, and in a highly flour.shmg eond,t,on both as r.^pects its manufacturing and agricultural mle e.ts The lamU are fertile, and afford a considerable quaut.ty of 't,.v™fp"vrand cap. Jefferson eo.,^;«..: at the head of Catoocie'e o; Valiey cr., SI m. N. N. W. Mou.gomer5^ I contains a court-house and the co. ja.l and offices and aboTS" inhabitanu. The country is elevated, and the ion.l« famous for their fine cotton. FMCEreounty, Ga. Situate toward E. centrally, and con^rnoo Am Drained by Cannonchee r. and other rrents of tirogeechee, and by several head streams o Cat Ohoopee r. of the Alatamaha. Surface level, and Xe-pUn the valleys, .sandy and of indifferent fertduy. raris 611; manuf, 0; dweU. 605, and pop.-wh 3,591, fr. C0T24 si. 962-total 4,5T-. Capital : Swamsboro'. E^« p v., Lehigh CO., Penn.: 76 m. E. N. E. Harr^- but TWs i a Moravian village, at the foot of Sou h Mountain, and is built in one street. It conta.ns about 40 dweC^! The site was bequeathed by two brethren for U.e support and promotion of missions . 1„, „ W by S. Emms, p. o., Bedford county, Yu'g-: 123 m. W. by s. ^~tsPor.r,p.o.,Edgarco.,7»..-at the head ofthe E. fork of Embarras r., 93 m. E. by S. SP""?"^;'"- ^ Embi-en, t. and p. v., Somerset Co., Me. . o4 m. N. N- vv. Augusta. Drained by several affluents of Kennebec r whfeh makes its E. border. The v. is located m the N. E. part of the town. Pop. of U 971. „ _, to-ww ^ EMBOE.-. CE.STKE, p. o., Somcrsct CO., Me. : 57 m. N. N.W. ^Zt^^.^ p. v., Chester eo., P...... .• Tl m. E. by S. "^ e"- Gbov., p. o., Eock CO., Wise. : 33 m. 9. S. E. ^"EfS'o.'s T.«-YABn, p. 0., Chatham county, K Car. : ^^^,:;,^tl^lonco.^^S.N^.WC.umbns. ..^:^:,'i:^;.!;-;;>^br3^nd^om Which the stream has iu, rise, and 83 m. S. W. Augusta 202 ENF Emtgsville, p. v., York county, I-erm. : 87 m. S. by E. "e"; p. v., Logan CO., lU. : in the N. E. par. of the CO n^u^r cr! of lalt cr., an affluent of the Sangamon, \".:rj:.fp.t'^C;o.,X.:33m.N.W..rankfor. lr::^;;;::;~:-nl^.,^:onJrele« bank of Current r., 93 m. S. S. E. Jefferson Oty. It con- tains a court-house, etc., and about 120 intal";an.s^ Emientos, p. v., Venango co., Fenn- : 16» m. W. N. . ° e"^T v., mite CO., m : on the E. of LitUe Wabash r 14S m. S. E. Springfield. iZl, p. o., Lake CO., lU. : Wween Des P'-"- '-^"1 Lal^Michiga;, S m. S. by W. Waukegan, and 159 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. ^^ Emjiett county, la. bituate a. "•'•"' so m. Taken from Pottowattomee m 1^51. ,^^„„ \^.Tr county, m-*. Situate N.W.extrem.ty of Lower . Peninsula, and contains 144 sq. m. A new co «nce 1.50^ Emmkti, t. and p. o., Calhoun co„ M,ch.: 4-3 m. 9. A\ LanXg. brained by Kalamazoo r. and its tr,bnU.nes The Michi°f n Central K. E. passes through the t. about 113 m. "7.^Tu idT rUe CO., ir.e. : 36 m. E. H. E. "S^^:^^^tR»ndo,phco.,^«.:™theN^si^ of and about a mde from Mississmewa r., 64 m. N. E. b) i,. '■— ^';v.,Wilkinsonco.,««.:ontl.S^rorkofCom. n>issioner-s er.. an affluent of Oconee r 15 m. 3- Mdk ge^ viUe. The Central E. K. passes through thev.,lo3 m. from ''Z^tB™o„,p.v.,Erederick CO., ML: on the J.^e of Flat r., a tributary of Tom's er., and extendmg back n most to that stream, 73 m. N. W. Annapohs. It has 5 churcLs several stores, and 812 inhabitants. In the vicm- rne ECn Catholiihave several celebrated rebgious and educational institutions. Mount St. Mary's College, 2 m. distant, is one of the best schools in the ^;n|»; ^"^ founded in 1S30, and had in 1S50 a president, 24 PJ'f^o" Td tstmctors,'l37 alumni, and 126 ^^^l^™^';^., '= l.^,^. contains about 4,000 volumes. Mount St. Mar> s H'^o'"? -\rTjo^:;u'Ss:-h'':ftru:^ r s^afemaet: tutLn co:d^;edbytheSistersofChari- ;'. andnTa here is the Congregation of the Missions, from :,^oman^.s..ha™be».r^n.th^^^^ ;r A~ atreXtot:'co„gregation of ^Iissio„s Jor "he fdu'ation of Orphan Girls, and served by four sister, a Free School for girls, and other eharities. Emoby, p. v., Washington co., lirg.: 264 m. W. ». ""e™"' p v.. Holmes co., Mu. : 66 m. N. by E. Jackson EMB ' ? OK WoBKS, p. o., P.oan coTenn : on Emory s r., a branch of Clinch r., 126 m. E. by S NashW.le^ EMe.BE, p. 0., Whitesides eo., /«.. 133 m. IN. oy 't^Cn., p. v.,Tuo,umne CO., Call^: on the S. side of Tuolumne r., SS m. S. E. \ allejo. . 1 qt m S W Empibe Ibon WoEffi, p. o., Trigg Co., Ky. . 197 m. S.^ . Frankfort ^ j, j, g jngfl^u,. EsnoB p. o WUl CO , i ^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^ e""Jo tand Tv Hartford CO., Conn. : 16m. N.i.y E. TrJ^rl Situate on the E. .side of Connecticut r., over winch br dte rnecUng it with Suffleld. and also one in .he S ;.^ oMh tove Which the New llavcn, Ilarlford and Sn In 'field K.E. passes from Windsor Locks to Warehouse Pont Thi railroad skirts the r. through .he t., passing « ThompsonVdle. Scitico and Ha^ardviUe are other ENF ERI villages in Enfield. Thompsonville is noted for ita extensive carpet factories, and HazardviUe for its powder mills. Pop. of town 4,4ti(). Enfield, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 92 m. N. E. Augusta. The v. is located on the E. side of Penobseot r.^ which forms the W. border of the town. A large pond lies on the E. border. Pop. 392. Enfielp, t. and p. v., Uampshire co., Mass. : 66 m. "W. Boston. Drained by two branches of Swift r., a tributary of Chicopec r., which afford water-power. Surface diver- sified. Soil adapted best to grasses. There are considerable manafaeturcs in the town, consisting of cotton and woolen goods, hoots, shoes, etc. Pop I,'C6. Enfield, p. v., Halifax co., iV. Car. : on the line of the "Wilmington and Weldon E. P., 66 m. N. E. Paleigh. It is a place of considerable business, and has 400 inhabitants. EsFrELD, t. and p. v., Grafton co., iV. IRunp. : 30 m. N.W. Concord. Surface pleasantly diversified, and soil of average fertility. It contains several considerable ponds, the outlets of which afford water-power. The v. lies at the S. end of Mascoma Pond, and there is a Shaker's village and settle- ment on the "W". side of the same, which is characterized by the neatness and economy so usual with these sectarians. The settlement embraces about 1,000 acres of land in a high state of cultivation. In the N. part of llie t. is Enfield Sta- tion, on the line of the Northern K. P., which here crosses the t 59 m. from Concord. Pop. 1,742. Enfield, t. and p. v., Tompkins county, K. Y. : 1-^i m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by creeks of Cayuga inlet, which afford wafer-power. Surface undulating; soil grav- elly loam. The v. contains about 30 dwellings. The t. is chiefly agricultural, and contains 2,117 inhabitants. Entield, p. v., King "William co., Virg.: 24 ra. N. E. Eichmond. Enfield Centee, p. v., Tompkins county, JV. 1". ; 145 m. W. by S. Albany. Engellvili^, p. v., Schoharie county, A1 T. : 37 m. W. Albany. English NEicnBOKnooD, p. v., Bergen co., JV! Jpr. : 62 m. N. E. Trenton. It contains 2 churches and about 40 dwell- ings. The dislance from New York City is about S miles. English PBAifiiE, p. o., M'llenry co., III. : on the N. E. comer of the co.,19S m. N. N. E. Springfleld. English Settlement, p. v., Marion county, la. : on English cr., an affluent of Des Moines r., 103 m. "W. S. W. Iowa City. Englishtown, p. v., Monraonth co., JV. Ji>r. : on Matcha- ponix cr., 27 m. E. Trenton. It contains several stores, about 40 dwellings, and ISO inhabitants. The country in tlie vicinity lias a light and sandy eoil. Ennisville, p. v., Huntingdon co., Penn.: on Standing Stone cr, 63 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Enoch, t. and p. o.. Noble county, Ohio : 84 ra. E. by S. Columbus. Drained by Duck cr. Surface varied, and soil generally fertile, well adapted to grain. Pop. 1,43S. Enoe Mills, p. o.. Orange co., 2i. Car.: on Euoe r., an affluent of the Neuse, 31 m. N. N. W. Raleigh. Enon, p. o., Bureau eo., JIL: 113 m. N. Springfield. Enon, p. v., Macon co., A/a. : 31 m. E. Montgomery. Enon, p. o., Clark co., OHo: 4T m. W. Columbus. P. 294. Enon Grove, p. o., Heard co,, Ga. : 114 m. W. by N. Milled geville. Enon Valley, p. o., Lawrence co.,Penn. : 1S9 m.W. N.W. Uarrisburg. Enoeee. p. v., Spartanburgh dist., jS". Car. : on Enoree r., an affluent of Broad r., S6 m. N. "W. by N. Columbia. Enosburgii, p. v., Franklin co., Venn. : 44 m. N. by W. Montpelier. Drained by tributaries of Missisqui r., which flows through the N. part of the t., and affords good water- power. Surface varied, and soil best adapted to grasses. The V. lies al)out the centre, and contains 22 dwellings. Enosduboh Fali^s, p. o., Franklin eo., Verm. : 47 m. N. by W. Montpelier. Enthiu'Eise, p, o.. Orange co., i'Vo;-. .' on the N. side of a lake or expansion of St. John's r., 220 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Lat. 2SO 49' N., and long. SP 12' W. Enteiiprise, p. o., Wayne co., III. : on the E. side of Elm cr. of Little Wabash r.. 112 m. 9. E. Springfi.-ld. Enteupkise, p. 0., Shiawassee co., Jilich. : 27 m. N. E. Lansing. Enterprise, p. v., M'Donald co., Mo. : on a branch of Elk r. of the 5leosho, 182 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Enterprise, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 42 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Enterprise, p. v., Clark co., Misn. : on Chankey cr. of Chickasawa r., 92 ni. E. by S. Jackson. Enterprise, p. v., Preblu county, O/w'o; SO m. W. by S. Columbus. EoLTA, p. c, Dane co., Wiac. : 22 m. N. E. Madison. Ephratah, t. and p. v., Fulton co., K. Y. : 46 m.W. N.W. Albany. Drained I»y Garoga and Zimmerman's creclis, affluents of Muhawk r. The surface is uneven: soil, sandy loam. The v. is located on the right l)aiik of Garoga cr., and contains about 200 inhabitauld. The t. has considerable water-power, and several factories and mills. Pop. 2,0S0. Ephratah, t. and p. v., Lancaster county, Penn. : 33 m. E. by S. Harrisbucg. The v. was founded by a singular sect from Germany, the Tunkers or Dunkers. Most of the original peculiarities of the sect have disappeared, but they still live remarkable for the regularity of their lives, tho simplicity of their manners, and the fervor of their devotion. Contention at law or with arms they regard as uuchrisliau. Pop. about 1,9T9. Eppino, t. and p. v., Eockingham co., N. Hawp. : 27 ni. E. 9. E. Concord. Drained by Lamprey r., which affords good water-power. Surface level, and soil generally of an average fertility. The v. is located on the Portsmouth and Concord li. P., 19 m. fl-om Portsmouth, and 30 m. from Concord. The t. has several tanneries, mills, etc., and l,-j;3.5 inhabitants. Pop. 1,063. Epsom, t. and p. o., Merrimac co., JV. Hamp.: 11 m. E. by S. Concord. Drained by Suncook r. and its tributa- ries. Surface uneven; soils suitable fur grass or grain. Tlie v. lies on a creek of Suncook liiver. Pop. 1,365. Equality, p. v., and cap. Gallatin co.. III. : on the N. side of the S. fork of Saline cr., an affluent of the Ohio r., 159 m. S. E. by S. Springfield. It contains a neat brick court- house and other co. offices, several mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 120 dwellings. In the neighborhood there are salt-works. Eqfalitt, p. v., Coosa connty, Ala.: S2 m. N. by E. Montgomerj'. Equality, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car, : 119 m.W. N.W. Columbia. Equatok, p. o., Lee co., III. : 136 m. N. by E. Springfield. Equinunk, sta., Delaware co., N. Y. : on the E. bank of Delaware r., and on the line of the New York and Erie K. P., 153 m. from New York City. At present it contains little more than the railroad buildings and olTices, and a hotel, but it has many advantages that the future may develop. EQi:iNr>*K, p. v., WajTie co., P,ew York City E.E.; Buffalo and Brantford R. 11.; Buffalo, Coming, and New Tork E. K., etc, and numerous plank roads. „ . . Er..E county, Okio. Situate N. on Lake Er.e, and con- tains 324 sq. m. Drained by Huron and Vermill.ou nvers, and Pipe cr.,the latter emptying into Sandusky Bay, an. the U-o first into the lake. Surface generally level, and soils fertile. A large commerce centres in th,s co. 1 arms 1 021 ; manuf. T3; dweU. 3,363, and pop.-wb. 13,366, and frcol.302-totall3,56^. C«p»ta; : Sandusky City. PiMic Works; Lake Shore E. E. ; Sandusky and Toledo E. E. ; Mad Elver and Lake Erie E. E.; Mansfield and Sandusky K F etc ErJe county, Penn. Situate in the N. W. comer of the State, facing on Lake Erie, and contains T20 sq. m. Dramed by Conn-ant, Elk, Walnut, and other creeks flowmg mto the Lake, and French cr. of the AUegha.iy r. Surface un- dul-iling ; soils various, consisting of sandy loam, gravel, and clay in different proportions, and well a.lapt.-.l to grass. Farms 8,334; manuf. 255; dwell. C,S'26, and pop--wli. 88593, fr. eol. l«-totel »S,74'2. Capilal: Erie. Pulhc Work,: Erie and Norlh-East R. E. ; Cleveland, Pamcs- ville, .and Ashtabula P. E. ; and Sunbury and trie E. L^, also Beaver and Erie Canal. The two first of these form links in the great chain of railroads eiitend.ug along the southern shore of Lake Erie. , ■,„„!, Enre, p. v., Whitesides co.. III.: on the N. side of Rock r., 122 m. N. by W. Springfield. Emk, p. 0., Eoan county, Term.: 129 m. E. by a. Nashville. „ t. t i EniE, t- and p. v„ Monroe co., iftVl. ; W m. S. K Lanstag. Drained by Vance r. and Bay cr. The town ,3 the soulh- . easternmost in the State, and includes North Cape and sev- eral islands. It contains a good stone quarry. Pop. I,i44 Eeib, p. v., and cap. Camden co.. Mo.: on the S. side of Osa^e r., between the Little Niangua and Grand Au Glaize rivers 45 m. S. W. Jefferson City. It contains a court- house, a jail, etc., and has a considerable river trade. Ekie, p. b.. port of entry, and cap. Erie co., Penn. : on Presque Me Bay of Lake Erie, 218 m. N. W. by W. liar- ri.burg Lat. 42° 10' X, and long. 80° 08' W. The borough e;tends along the bay for 3 m., and from it 1 m. The harbor of Erie is one of the best and safest on the Lake, with b or 10 feet of water on the bar, and the depth within it averages "•0 feet In extent it is about 6 sq. m. The borough con- tains the CO. court-house, a. jail, and other offices, churches of all denominations, schools and academies, a bank, nume- rous wholesale stores, commission and forwarding houses, and lumber vards; also foundries, mechanic shops, and manufacturing establishments of various kinds. Its pop. m 1S411 was 3 412 ; in 1S60 it contained 5,850 ; and in 1ko2, by estimate, 8,500. At the first period it had few faculties of intenial communicalion-at the last, the line of railroads from Buffalo was completed, and also the line to Cleveland, thus extending its commercial highways to the extreme West and East of the Union. As yet, however, the pros- perity of llie borouffh is only in its first grade of develop- ment. Its harbor is being improved ; the line of canal from Pittsbur" is progressing to completion ; a railroad is being built to conned it with the Erie R. E. and New York City ; an.ifher from Erie, via Sunbury to Philadelphia, in Penn- svlvania- and still another to Pitlsburg. These lines of travel and transportation will place it on a par with Buffalo, Dunkirk, Cleveland, Sandusky, etc., and make it, in a com- mercial point of view, one of llie most imporlant ports of I -ike Erie The lake commerce centering at this port is as vel comp,arativeIy small, and the shipping owned by the inhabitants in 18.50 was only 7,870 ton., of which 6,350 tons were navigated by steam-power. Favoring circumstances now compel the fortunes of the place, and its rise will be rapid; and it is not improbable that when the census 204 ERI enumeration of 1S60 is taken, that Erie will count a popula. tion of nearlv 20,000 inhabitants. The newspaper press of Eric consisls'of a tri-weekly paper and 4 weekly papers : the tri-weekly is the " Erie Observer" (iem.), of which also is issued a weekly edition; the "E. Chronicle" ovhig), the "E. Gazette" (whig), and the "Commercial Advertiser (whi"). Erie has long been a port, the position and local advantages of which were appreciated by the lake naviga- tor, and it has as long been a harbor of refuge to the national vessels in war or storm. It was here that Perry, m the last war with Great Britain, lilted up his fleet; and in case of war again ensuing, no port on the lake has the same ad- vantages for defense and safe harbor, Presque Isle being a natural breast-work, easily defended against the enemy. Erie, lake : one of the five great lakes of North America, between the United States and Canada. It lica betweeil 41° 32' and 42° 62' N. lat.. and between 78° 65' and 83° 23 \V long , and has the States of Ohio, Pennsylvama, and New York on the S. .and S. E. borders, and the ferule peninsula of Upper Canada on the N. Its shape is ellip- tical— its length 365 m., and its breadth from 10 to 63 m. II receives at its W. end, through the Detroit or strail, the discharge of water from the great upper lakes, and dis- charges Its own waters through Niagara r., celebrated l.'r iw stupendous water-falls. Its surface is elevated 600 feet above tide water at Albany, 52 feet below lakes Uurou and Michigan, and 322 feet above the level of Lake Onlario. lis waters are shallower than those of the other great lakes; the greatest depth that has la-en obtained by sounding is 270 feel, but its mean depth is not more than 120 feet. It receives from Canada but a few small streams, the pnneipal of which is the Ouse, near U* K extremity. From Micliigan it receives the Huron and Eaisin ; from Ohio, the Maumee Portage, Sandusky, VermiUion, Black, Cuyahoga, Grand^ Ashtabula, and Conneaut; from Pennsylvania, the Elk aud other streams; and from New York, the Cattaraugus and Buffalo creeks. The rivers of Lake Erie have bars at heir mouths, rarely affording more than S feet water A little N W. of Sandusky Bay is a group of islands called North, Middle, and South Bass islands. In the N. part of bouth Bass Island is Put-in-Bay, which has 12 feet water and affords one of the best harbors on the lake, and is easily ac- cessible. Into this harbor Commodore Perry brought his prizes after the battle of the lOlh Sept, 1813. 'The best har- bors on the south shore, are the harbor of Sandusky, OIno Erie,P«.7i.,- and Buffalo and Black Eock, A. iort Por Maitland, at the mouth of Grand or Ouse r., forms the best aud almost the only harbor on the Canada shore. Grand r after a course of 100 miles, enters Lake Erie 40 m. directly W of its outlet. In consequence of its shaUowness, a part of the lake is frozen over in winter, and navigation is for several months suspended. The importance of this lake for the purposes of commerce has been greatly increased by the canals and railroads, connecting ilii ports "'^ «he inl<^ rior and the sea-board. The canals are the Wellaud the Erie, the Ohio, the Miami, and the Wabash and Erie canals; and the principal railroads are-the line of rail- roads f>om Buffalo to Albany; the New "iork and Erie E E from Dunkirk to New York City; the Sunbury and Erie's E., from Erie to Sunbury and Philadelphia: the Cleveland and Pittsburg E. E. ; the Cleveland, Muiubus, and Cincinnati E. E.; the line of railroads from Sandusky to Cincinnati ; and the Southern Michigan R. R-, from Toledo and Monroe to Chicago, etc.; and besides lliese, there is a continuous line of railroad fi-om Niagara Falls, through Buffalo, Dunkirk, Erie, Cleveland. Sandusky, To- ledo etc., skirling the southern line of the lake from one end to the other, and connecting with the lines directing inland l^om these several ports. The business which is done on this lake by the aid of these channels is im- mense, and is constantly increasing. The following was the tannage of the several collection districts on Lake Erie at two periods: ERI ESS 1840. IBriO. Iiir'e 111 li>j'M. Buffiilo 4,91G 3^,679 84jm Presque Isle 3,860 7,S70 4.510 Cuyahoga 9,514 85,315 '25,^01 Sandusky 2.643 7,333 4,0S5 Mirimi 2.-2S-i 2,93 25.4C 1 Total 34.0'JT 129,714 95.617 This, in l^tO, included more th:in 300 vessels, and in ISoO more thnn 1.100, consisting of ships, brigs, schooners, sloops, Btoainboats. and propellers. Of the vessels moved by steam- power, the number is jrreat, and many of tlicra of the largest class, little inferior to those navigating the Hudson Itiver. In 1S50, the tonnage of this description of vessels amounted to 5S,199 tons, nearly one half the aggregate American ton- nage on the lake. This enumeration does not include the tonnage of Canadian ports on the h»fce, which, however, is not large. The value of the commerce on this lake alone is much larger than that of the foreign commerce of the whole United States. EniKTiLLE, p. v., Madison co, iV! T. : 102 m. W. Albany. Pop. about 200. Eitix, p. v., Merriwether co., Gn. : on the N. lino of the county, and about G m. "W. of Flint r., 78 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. Erin, p. o., M'Henrj- co., 17L : 2 m. N. of "Woodstock, .-md ISl N. N. E. Springfield. EniN, t. and p. o., Chemung co., A'", }' ; 14*^ m. W. S. W. Albany. Drained by Cayuta cr. Surface hilly and broken, and soil gravelly loam of moderate fertility. It is almost entirely an agricultural town. Pop, 1,813. Erin, p. v., Chickasaw county, Miss. : 123 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Erin, p. o., Jasper co., Tex. : on the E. side of Neches r., 233 m, E. Austin City. The Jasper and Beaumont Road intersects the place about 14 m. above the S. line of the co. Erin Shades, p. c, Henrico co., Vir(/. Erroll, t. and p. o., Coos co., JV. Hamp. : lOS m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Androscoggin r. and its trilnitaries. On the E. lies Lake Vmbagog, which forms iLs boundari,' in that direction. The t. is entirely devoted to agriculture, and is ^ cry sparsely settled. Pop.'' 188. Erving, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Mass.: on the E. side of Connecticut r., 75 m. "W. by N. Boston. Drained chiefly by Miller's r. Surface diversified with fine meadows on the Connecticut. Its streams afford fine water-power, and it has considerable manufactures. The Vermont and Massa- chusetts R. E. traverses the t. on the S. and W. borders, fol- lowing the valleys of the rivers. Pop. 449, Erwinna, p. v., Bucks co., P^nv. : on the right bank of Delaware Kiver, 37 m. N. Philadelphia, and 113 m. E. Harrisburg. Erwinsville, p. v., Cleveland county, X. Car.: 162 m. W. S. W. Halcigh. Erwinton, p. v., Bamwell dist., 5. Car. : on the N. side of Briar er., an affluent of Savannah r., 73 m. S. S. W. Columbia. Escambia county, Flor. Situate in the extreme W.. and contains 570 sq. m. Escambia r. and Pensacola Bay bound it on the E., and the Gnlf of Mexico on the S., while the Perdido r. makes its W. line. Surface low and level near the sea. but rises to some height in the interior: it is drained by numerous tributaries of the border rivers. Soil generally poor, and covered with pines. Farms34; manuf.O; dwell. 563, and pop.— wh. 2,644. fr. col. 375, .si. 1.3.S2— total 4.351. Capital: Pensacola. rulUcWorls : Fort Caines and Pen- sacola P. P.; Montgomery and Pensacola E. II.; Bruns- wick and Florida K. P., etc. (all projected). Escambia river, Ala. and FInr. : ri§*'S in Monroe co., Alabama, and fii.ws S. E. into Florida, where near the .State line it unites with the Conecuh, a larger river than itself, and thence flows S. into an arm of Pensacola Bay. From the junction this stream is properly the Conecuh. EscniiKAG, p. v., Kent co., JL I. Escv LAi'iA Springs, p. v., Lewis co., Ky. : 92 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Esmond's Corners, p. o., Calhoun co., Mich. : 58 m. S,W. Lansing. EsoM Hill, p. o., Paulding co., Ga.: IIS m. N. N. W Milledgeville. Esoi'us, t. and p. v.. Ulster co., K. Y. : 57 m. S. by W. Albany. It has the Hudson r. on the E. and Pondout cr. on the N.'W. side. Surface uneven and broken ; soil, sandy clay and gravelly loam. The v. is located about 3 m. W. of the landing on the Hudson, aod contains about 30 dwell- ings. Pop. oft. i','>72. EsPEKANCE, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., A' Y. : 30 m. W. Albany. Drained by creeks of Schoharie r., which bounds it on the E., and affords considerable water-power. The v. is located near the N. E. corner of the co. on the right bank of the river, and contains about 800 inhab. Pop. oft. I,4".i8. Espv, p. v., Cohnnhia co., Penn.: on the right bank of Susqueh:uniar.,G2 m.N. by I'>. Harrisburg. Pop. about 200. EspvviLLE, p. v., Crawford co., J'cnii.: VJ6 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Essex county, Mass. Situate N. E., and contains 3GS sq. m. The Atlantic Ocean washes its E. line, ami Xew Hampshire lies on its N. border. Drained by the Merritnac and Shawsheen rivers. Surface uneven and rough, but the soil in nVmy parts good, and always well cultivated. It has an extensive coast, good harbors, an active commerce and fishing interest, and great wealth, and in mauufaclures is one of the most productive in tlie State. Farms 2,S16; manuf. 1,588; dwell. 1S.S73, and pop.— wh. 130. GS2, fr. col. 61S— total 131,300. Capitals: Ipswich, Newburyport, and Salem. Public Works: Boston and Maine P. K, ; Jiastern P. P.; Newburyport P. P.; Salera and Lawren(j' P. P., etc. EsSKX county, A'! Jer. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 241 sq. m. Drained by Iributaries of the Passaic r.. by the Pahway r., and some others. Two chains of hills pass through it, and make its surface uneven and rough; soils generally red shale. It has immense hydraulic power and extensive ni-inufactures. Farms 1,745: manuf. S36; dwell. 10,9Ci4,and pop.— wh.71.7S3, fr. col. 2,101. and si. C — total 73,950. Capital: Newark. Public Works: Morris Canal ; Morris and Essex Pv. P. ; New Jersey P. P., etc. Essex county, X. Y. Situate N. E.. and contains 1.779 sq. m. Surface hilly in the E., and mountainous in tlie AV. Mount Marcy, the highest culmination, rises to the height of 5,4G7 feet above the level of the sea. Lake Champlain lies on its E. border, along which is some good land. It is one of the richest mining counties of the Slate, abounding in iron ores, copper, manganese, etc. Farms \,s~2 ; manuf. 199; dwell. 5,321. and pop.— wh. 31,098, and fr. cnl. 50— total 31.148. Capital: Elizabethtown. Puhlic Works: Plattsburg and "Whitehall P. P. (projected), etc. Essex county, I'« vm. Situate N. E. in the corner of the Slate, and contains 226 sq. ra. Drainep.— wh. 3.0;;.j, fr. col. 419. si. C.762— ti>tal lit.2ti6. Capital: Tappahanuock. EssF-x. p. b., Mitidle?ex CO., Conn.: on the "W. side of Connecticut r., 7 m. from its mouth, and 31 m. S. S. E. Hartford. It is engaged in ?hip-buihling. and has a con- siderable coasting trade. Pop. aboui 1,000. 205 ESS EVA Essex, t and p. v., Essex co., 3fass. : 27 m. N. E. Boston. Drained by Chebacco r. and other streams emptying into Squam Bay. The village lies near the centre of the lawn, and has about 850 inhabitants. Many small vessels are built in Essex, and numbers are employed in coasting and the fisheries. The manufactures of the town consist chiefly of boots and shoes, barrels, cordage, etc. P. ;p.1 ,565. Essex, t and p. o., Clinton co., Mick. : 23 m. N. by "W. Lansing. Drained by creeks of Maple r., on which there are several salt-works^ Pop. 410. Essex, t and p. v., Essex co., 2^. Y. : 108 m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by Boquet and other creeks of Lake Chaniptain, which makes its E. border. The village is located on the lake shore, and haa a pood steamboat land- ing, etc. It is a place of considerable trade, with ware- h*»U9es, stores, a ship-yard, and about 100 dwellings. The town is chiefly agricultural. Pop. 2.sril. Essex, p. o., Fulton county, Ohio: 131 m. N. W. by N. Columbus. Essex, t. and p. v., Chittenden co., F^rm. ; 31 m.W. N.TT. Wontpclier. Drained in the S. by Oniun r., and in the N. by Brown's r., a branch of Lamoille r. It has also several smaller streams. At Hubbell's Falls, on Onion r., are ad- mirable mill-sitea, at which considerable manufacturing operations are carried on. Surface varied by hill and dale : soii in the 9. and W. sandy, and covered with pine — in other parts a sandy and clay loam, with hard wood, and fertile. Along Onion r. are some tracta of beautiful inter- vale. The village near the centre contains about 20 dwell- ings. In the S. W. there is a new village, called Essex Junction, where the Burlington Branch diverges from the main hne of the Vermont Central E. E. Pop. oft. 2,097. Estblline Furnace, p. o., Augusta co., Virg.: lOS m. N. W. Eichmond. EsTKLViLLEj p. V., Atlantic co., y. Jer. : 51 m. S. by E. Trenton. Estill county, £y. Situate E. centrally, and contains 46S Bq. ra. Drained by creeks of Kentucky r., which flows through it in a north-west direction. The surface is rough and well-wooded, and the soils produce the usual staples of the State abundantly. Coal and Iron are also staples, and are produced and worked successfully. Farms f)04 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 934, and pop.— wh. 5,56S, fi*. col. 6, si. 411— total 5,9S5. Capital: Irvine. Estill's Mills, p. o., Platte CO., Mo. : 152 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Estillville, p. V,, and cap. Scott co., Virff. : on Mocassin cr. of the N. fork of Holston r., 292 m. W. 8. W. Eichmond. It contains a court-house and other co. oflSces, and about 40 dwellings. Etueridge, p. c, Jones co., G(i. ; 28 ra.W. MUledgeviUe. Etna, t. and p. v., Penobscot county, Me. : 49 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sebasticook r. Surface diversified : soil of average fertility, producing excellent wheat. The village lies on the line of the Kennebec and Penobscot E. E. Pop. of t. S02. Etna, p. o., Lapeer co., Mieh. : 66 m. E. N. E. Lansing. Etna. p. v., Tompkins county, 2^. Y. : on the right bank of Fall cr., 131 m. "W. by S. Albany, It has about 250 in- habitants. Etna. t. and p. v., Licking co., 0//to .* 16 m.E. Columbus. Drained by S. fork of Licking r. The village is located on the National Eoad. Pop. of 1.1,307. Etna, p. o., Hanover CO., Virg. Etna Centre, p. o., Penobscot CO., Me. : 47 m. N. E. Augusta. Etowah, p. o., Cass co., Ga. : on Etowah r.,a constituent of the Coosa, 123 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Etowah river, Ga. : one of the main constituents of Coosa r. It rises in Franklin co., and sweeps southerly through Cherokee and Cass counties, and into Floyd co., where it unites with the Oostanaula r., forming together the Coosa, a river of Alabama. 206 Etters, p. 0., Tork co., Penn. EuBANKS, p. 0., Columbia county, Ga. : 69 m. E. N. E. Milledgeville. EucLin, p. v., Onondaga co., N". Y. : S. of the outlet of Oneida Lake, 126 m.W. by N. Albany. Euclid, t and p. v., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 132 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by creeks falling into Lake Erie, which washes its N. limits. Surface broken, and much of the soil of only average fertility. The village is located on the line of the Cleveland, PainesviUe, and Ashtabula K. E. Pop. oft. 1,447. EuFATTLA, p. v., Barbour co., Ala. : on the W. side of Chattahoochee r., at the mouth of Eufaula cr., 73 m. K. S. E. Montgomery. Eugene, p. v., Vermillion co., Tnd. : on the right bank of Big Vermillion r., about 3 m. above its confluence with Wabash r., anil 70 m. W. by N. lnp. 1:J2. Fairfield, t, and p. v., Herkimer county, X. T. : 73 m. "W". by N. Albany. Drained by W. Canada cr. Surface hilly and rough; soii clayey, fertile, and well adapted to grazing. The v. contains 3 churches, an academy, several stores and mechanic shops, and about yoo inhabitants. Here was located the Western College of Physicians and Surgeons, founded 1812, but now discontinued. Pop. 1,C4C. Fairfield, p. v., Greene co.. Ohio: on the S. K. side of Mad r, and on the line of the Mad r. and Lake Erie E. E., 65 m. W. by S. Columbus. It contains several mills and tanneries, various mechanic shojts, and alxnit 1*20 dwell- ings. The plain on which the v. is located is circumscribed by a line of gentle hills. Fairfield, p. v., A. Fair Haven, p. v., Carroll co., 7^^. ; 152 m. N. by W. Springfield. It is located on a fine elevated site at tho sources of Little Rock river. Fair Hill, p. o., Cecil co., Md.: on the W. side of Big Elk r., 55 m. N. E. Annapolis. Fair Hill, p. o., Marshall county, Virg. : 234 m. N. W. Richmond. Fair Land, p. o., Livingston co., Mo.: 116 m. N. W. Jefi'erson City. Fairlee, t. and p. v.. Orange co., Vet^n. : 33 m. S. E. Montpelier. Drained chiefly by Fairlee Pond, the outlet of which empties into the Connecticut r., which forms its E. boundary. Surface moimtainous, and the land rough and below the average ft-rtilily. Timbered chiefly with pine and hemlock. The v. lies on the Connecticut, and is inter- sected by the Connecticut and Passumsic River R. R.,22 m. above While River Junction. Abridge across the river con- nects it with the town of Oxford. Pop.;575. Fairmont, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Virff. : on the Monongahela r., 194 m. N. W. Richmond. It is a thriving village, witli considerable trade, and located at the point where the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. crosses the Mononga- hela. Pop. about 300. The " Democratic Banner," a weekly newspaper, is published here. Fair Mount, p. v., Onondaga co., 2^. Y. : immediately W. of the village of Geddes. on a stream emptying into ^iino Mile cr. near its mouth, 124 m. W. by N. Albany. The Rochester and Syracuse R. R. passes a Utile N. of the village. Fair Mount, p. o., Hunterdon co., 2^. Jer. Fair Mount, p. o., Miami co., Ohio : 66 m. W. by N. Ccdumbus. Fair Mount, p. o., Cass county, Ga. : 12*j m. N. W. Milledgeville. Fair Mount Springs, p. v., Luzerne co., T'e7in.: 77 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Fair Play, p. o., Hot Springs co., Ark. : 87 m. S. W. Little Rock. Fair Plat, p. o., Morgan county, Ga. : 46 m. N. by W. Milledgeville. Fair Plat, p. v., Greene co., Ind. : on the W. bank of the W. fork of White r., 64 m. S. W. Indianapolis, and on the line of the Wabash and Erie Canal. It contains about 40 dwellings, and has a thickly-settled neighborliood. Fais Plat, p. o., Grant co.. Wise. : 67 m. B.W. Madison. Fair Play, p. 0., Benton county, Ala. : 97 m. N. E. Montgomery. Fair Play, p. o., Panola county, 7kw. ; 24S m. N. E. Austin City. Fair P(unt, p. o., Cooper county. Mo.: 47 ni. W. by N. Jefi'erson City. Fairport, p. v., Muscatine co., la. : on the right bank of the Mississippi r., 7 m. E. by N. of Muscatine, and 40 m. E. by S. Iowa City. Fairport, p. v., Chemung CO., 2^. T. : on the Chemung Canal, at the junction of the feeder, 6 m. N. EImira,and 153 m.W. S. W. Albany. It contains several large warehuuscs, numerous stores and mechanics' shops, and 600 inhabitants. Fairport, p. o., Lake CO., Ohio: on the E. side of Grand r., at its confluence with Lake Erie,14S m.N. E.Columbus. It has a good harbor for lake craft, and is connected by a railroad 3 ni. with Painesville, of which it is the port. It has considerable business, and a population of about 250 inhabitants. Fairton, p. v., Cumberland co., 2^'Jer. : at the union of Mill cr. and Rattle-snake r., which flow into Cohansey cr.,Cl m. S. Trenton. It contains about 250 inhat)ilanl3. The vicinity is a fertile region, and has a flue bed of marl, which is used as a fertilizer. Fairview, p. o., Washington co. Md. : 91 m. W. N. W Annapolis. 209 FAI FAL I Montgomery co., Penn.: 93 FAinriEw, p. v., Franklin county, Ga.: 95 m. N. E. Milled gc'ville. Faikview, p. v., Eandolph cc, Tnd. : 6T m. E. by N. Indianapolis. Fairview, p. v., Fulton county, 111: 63 m. N. N. "W. Springfield . Fairview, p. o., Jones co., la.: 2 m. S. of Anamosa, on "Wapsipinicon r., 31 in. N. N. E. Iowa City. Faihview, p. v., Todd county, Ky. : 161 m. S. "W. Frankfurt. FAinviEW, p. o., Concordia par., La.: 72 ra. N. N. W. Baton Kouge. Faieview, p. 0., Pettis co., Mo. : on Muddy cr., a branch of Kiviere a la Mine, 62 m. W. Jefferson City. FArRviBW, p. 0., Buncombe co., 2ff. Car,: 226 m. "W Eale=gh. Fairtiew, p. v., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. : 227 m.'W. by S. Albany. Fairttett, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: 92 m. E. by N Columbus. Pop. 444, Fairvibw, t, and p. v., Erie co., Penn. : 222 m. N. "W. Earrisburg. I»raincd by Elk and Walnut creeks of Lake Erie, which forms us N. boundary. Surface hilly: soil, a gravelly loam and fertile. The v. lies at the mouth of Wal- nut cr. on tJie lake, and is passed by the Cleveland, Paines- ville, and Ashtabula E. K. It is accessible to lake craft, and has some trade. The town has numerous mills, and 1,713 inhabitants. Fairview, p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 79 m. N. W. Columbia. Fairview, p. v. Marion county, Te7in. : 93 m. S. E. Nashville. Fairview, p. v., Uancock co., Tirff. : 264 m. N. "W Eichmond. Fairview Village, p. m. E. Harrisburg. Fairville, p. v., "WajTie co,, JV; 5'.; US m. "W. by N. Albany. Pop. 240. Fairvtlle, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 73 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Fair Water, p. c. Fond du Lac co., Wise. : on the W. edge of the co., 52 m. N. N. E. Madison. Fairweathek, p. 0., Adams co., III. : 79 m. W. by N. Springfield. Faison's Dep6t, p. 0., Puplin co., X. Car. : on the line of the Wilmington and Weldon P. P., 64 m. from Wilming- ton, and 9S m. from Weldon — 51 m. S. E. Raleigh. Falkland, p. v., Pitt co., y. Car. : on a small affluent of Tar r., 66 m. E. Raleigh. Fallassburgh, p. v., Kent co., 3fich. : 5S2 m. W. N. W. I*ansing. Fall Creek, p. o., Marion county, Ind. : on the cr. so called, N. by E. of Indianapolis. Fall creek, y. Y. : rises in Cayuga co., and flows through a part of Tomjikins co. into tlie head of Cayuga Lake, near the V. of Ithaca. This is a valuable and romantic stream, there bein^ pielurosqui^ f.dls affording fine water-power. Fall creek, lud. : rises in Henry co., and runs S. W. through Madison, Hamilton, and Henry counties, 75 m., into ■White r. above Indianapolis. It is one of the best raill- Btreams of the State. It is the Indian " Soo-sooc-pa-ha-loc," or Spilt-iontfir., so called from its falls near Pendleton, where it descends 25 feet in a mile, and at one place falls about 8 feet. Many of its water privileges are very valuable. Fallen Timber, p. o., Camltria co., Peitn. Falling Brldgr, p. o., Campbell co., Vlrg. : on Falling cr. of Roanoke r., S4 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Falling Creek, p. o., Wayne eo., y. Car. : on a cr. of Neuse r. so called, 49 m. S. E. Raleigh. Falling Mill, p. o., Moore co.. Ji. Car.: 53 m. S. W. Ealeigh. Falling Spring, p. o., Greenbrier co., Firy. ; 156 ra. W. ElchmGQvL 210 Falling SpRtNG, p. o., Clark co., Miss. : S7 m. E. by S. Jackson. Falling Water, p. o., White co., Tetm. : 66 m. E. by S. Nashville. Falling SYateks, p. o., Berkeley co., Virff. : on the S. bank of the Potomac r., 141 m. N.N. W. Richmond. Fall IIiver, p. o., Columbia eo., IVisc. : on Fall r., a tribuUary of liock r., 33 m. N. E. Madison. Fall River, t., p. v., and port of entry, P.ristol co., Mass. .* 46 m. S. Boston. Drained by streams falling into Taunlou r. and Mount Hope Bay, a branch of Narraganset Bay. Surface elevated, rough, and uneven. The t. takes its name from Fall r., the outlet of Watuppa Pond, at the union of which with Taunton r. the great manufacturing village of Fall River is located. This t. is without a parallel on the American Continent in regard to its combined facilities for navigation and hydraulic power. Fall r. rises 2 m. E. of the V. in Watuppa Pond, which is 11 m. long and 1 ra. broad, ori=i;inaling in perennial springs. The descent of the r. to Taunton r. is 136 feet, and the volume of water con- stant and of sufficient power for the largest manufactures. The harbor on Taunton r. is safe and easy of access, and of depth suflicient for ttic largest ships. It is one of the great nanufacturing centres of the State, and has extensive cotton mills, woolen factories, print-works, bleacheries, boot and shoe factories, foundries, etc., etc. ; it has also several banks and insurance offices. In 1S49-50, the foreign entrances were 7S vessels (12,739 tons) ; and clearances, 87 vessels (r),479 tons). It has also a large coasting trade, and is en- gaged in the whale and other fisheries. The tonnage owned in the district in 1S50 was 13,103 tons, of which 2,251 tons were registered, 10,743 enrolled and licensed, and 103 li- censed (under 20 tons). In the whale fisheries there were 92S tons employed, in coasting, 10,701 tons, and in the end fishery, 47 tons ; and the shipping propelled by steam amounted to 4,7S4 tons ; and 1 ship, 3 schooners, and 1 steamer (in the aggregate 1,254 tons), were buUt in the year next preceding. The port is connected with New York by a regular steam line, and with Boston by the Fall River R. R., etc. Two newspapers, the " Weekly News'' (dem.), and the '' F. R. Monitor," are issued weekly, circulating 700 to SOO copies each. Pop. in 1S20, 1,594; in 1S30, 4,159; in 1340, 6,73S; and in lS5il, 11,522. Fall River, p. o., Marshall co., Ala. : on an affluent of Tennessee r. so called, 133 ra. N. Montgomery. Falls county, Tex. Situate centrally on the Upper Bra- zos r., and contains about 940 sq. ra. Erected since 1S50. Falls, p. o., Lincoln county, y. Car. : 132 m. W. by S. Ealeigh. Falls, t. and p. o., Wyomins: co., Penn. : 93 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Buttermilk Falls cr. of Susque- nanna r., the latter of which makes the W. border of the t Surface hilly ; soil productive in grain, grass, etc., and there is abundance of timber. The cr. has here a perpendicular fall of 30 feet, and affords immense hydraulic power Fallsburgii, L and p. v.. Sullivan co.. .V. Y. : 79 m. S. W. Albany. Drained by Neversink r. and the bead branches of Rondout cr. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam, fertile, and well adapted for grain and grass. The v. is located on Neversink r., which here furnishes a fine water-power. It contains several mills, stores, etc., and about 200 inhab- itants; :md in the t. there are numerous others. Pop. of town 2,626. Fallsburgii. t and p. o.. Licking county, Ohio: 43 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Muskingum r, which affords great water-power. Surface diversified; soil rich and fertile, producing fine wheat, etc. Pop. 1,206. Falls Chorcu, p. o., Fairfax county, Virg. : 134 m. N. Richmond. Fallsinqton, p. o., Bucks co., Penn. Falls of Blane, p. o., Lawrence eo.. Ay.." at the falls on Blane r., an affluent of Big Sandy r., 142 m. E. by S. FrankforL FAL FAR Falls of Korcn, p. o., Grarson co., Ky, : at the falls of Rough or., an affluent of Green r., 97 m.W. S.W. Frankfurt, Falls of St. Croix, p. o., St, Croix co., Wi-ic: on St, Croix r., 22S m. N. "W. Madison. Falls of ScnuTLKjLL, p. o., Philadelphia co., Petin.: 91 m. E. Harrisburg. Fallston, p. v., Hartford county, Md. : 4C m. N. N. E. Annapolis. Fallston, t. and p. o., Beaver CO., Pcnn.: 194ra.W. by N. ITarrishurg. Situate on the "W. bank of ]ji<; Beaver r., which affords good water-power. It has several ruiUa and fac- tories. Fallstown, p. v., Iredell county, iV': Car.: 123 m. "W. Ealeigh. Falls Village, p. v., Litelifii-ld oo., (TV/????.; on the E. side of Hou?atonic r., a little belcw the Falls, 41 m. E. by N. Ilartford. It contains several manufaoturini; establish- ments. The Ilousatonic K. E. passes through the place, (i7 m. from Bridgeport, FALMOrrn, p. v., and cap. Pendleton co., iTy. ; on the left bank of Licking r., which is joined by a main braneli from the S. W. It contains a court-Iiouse and otlier eo, buildings, several stores, and about 400 inhabitants. It has considerable river traffic, Falmoititi, t. and p. o., Cumberland co., Mn'. : 6 ni. N. Portland, and 51 m. S. "W. Augusta. Drained by Presam- seut r., its N. E. shore resting on Casco Bay. Surface level ; soil generally fertile. It has a considerable aninunl of ship- ping employed in coasting and the fisheries. Tlie Atlnnlie and St. Lawrence E. E., and the Portland and Kennebec E. E, pass through the town. Pop. 2.1G4. FALMomi, p. v., Fayette county, Ind. : 46 m. E. by S. Indianapolis, Falmouth, t. and p. o., Barnstable co., Mitss. : 151 m. S. by E. Boston. It is situated on the S. W. corner of Cfipe Cod, between Buzzard's Bay and Vineyard Sound. Surface level : soil lighl, but generally fertile. It has several good harbors, of wliich Wood's Hole, in the S. "W., is the best, and has from 3 to 6 fathoms of water. It has consideral)le shipjiLTig employed in the coasting trade and the fisheries. There are numerous salt ponds, and the salt works of the town are very productive. Two streams furnish water- power. On these are several mills and factories; but the great interest of the I. is on the seas. The villages are dis- tinguished by their localities in North and West and East Falmouth, etc. Pop. of the t. 2,519, FALMOLTn, p. v., Lancaster co., Pe7i n. : on the E. bank of Susquehanna r., where it receives Conewaga cr., and «n the line of the Main Division of the Pennsylvania Canal, 13 m. S. E. Harrisburg. It contains about 200 inhabitants. Falmoutu, p. v., Stafford co., Vi'/y.: at the foot of the falls of Eappahannock r.. 54 m. N. Eiehmond. It lies nearly opposite Fredericksburg, with which city it is connected by a bridge. It has a large number of flouring and other mills, various mechanic shops and stores, and about COO inhabitants. Fause WAsnrrA river, Ind. Ter. : a trib. of Ecd river. Fame, p. o., Choctaw co., Mhs. : S3 m. N. N. E. Jackf^un. Fancy Bluff, p. o., Glynn county, Ga. : 107 m. S. K. Milledgeville. Kancv Farm, p. o., Graves co., Kij. : 2U m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Fanty GnoTE, p. o., Bedfonl co., Vir(/. : US m,W. by S. Eiclimond. Fancy Hill, p. o., Iredell county, Al Cur.: 129 ra. W. Ealeigh. Fancy Hill. p. o., Murray county, Gi(.: ICG m. N. W. Millcdgeville. Fancy Hill, p. o., Eockbridge co., Vir{/. : 122 m.W. by N. Eiehmond. FANNETTSBTTRcn, p. b., Franklin co., Peim. : on the W. bank ofConccocheague r.,57 nuW.by S. Harriiburg. Coal and iron ores are abundant in tliis region. Fannin county, Tkc. Situate N.. and contains 9*50 sq. m. The Eed r. makes the N. boundary, and its tributaries, Bois d'Arc r. and other streams, drain the northern ami central (larts of the county. The S. E. is drainey the N. fork of Suli)hur r., and the S. W. by the head branches of the K. fork ofTrinity r. Surface level or undulating, except along the Eed r., the magins of which are traversed by ranges of low hills or bluffs. Dense forests overshadow the southern portion of the co. ; the remainder, with the ex- ception of the woody fringes of the streams, is open prairie, of which tlie soil is generally a deep black adhesive mold, and very fertile. Iron ore is abundant. Farms 331 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 54S, and pop.— wh. 3,2C0, fr. col. 0, si. 52S — total 3,7SS. Capital : Bonham. Faklev, p. v., Culpepper co., Virff. : 73 m. N. N. W, Eiehmond. Fari-ow'b Grove, p. o., Mercer co.. IN.: on the N. side of Edward's r., an affluent of the Mi8sissi[)p), SS m. N. W. Springfield. Fai{.\ikb, p. o., Seneca po., Al T • in Farmersvillc, a pleasant village about 2 m. W. fi-om Caytrga Laki^ 153 m. W. Albany. F.MiMEK, t. and p. o., Defiance co., OJiio: 132 m. N. W. Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Maumee r. Surface diversified by hill and dale; soil a rich loam, producing grain and grass abundantly. Pop. ^OJ. Farmek's, p. o., Merriwether co„ Ga. : in Farmersville, a village S.^ m. W. by S. Milledgeville. Farmf.r's, p. o., Fleming county, Ay.: 72 m. E. by N. FraukforL Fahmkr's, p. o., York co.. P(?u?. Farmers and Mf-ciianics' Mills, p. o., Jackson CO., G(i. : SI m.N. by W. Milledgeville. Farmer's Branch, p. o., Dallas co., Tea!.: on a branch of Trinity r., ISS m. N. by E. Austin City. Farmersuukgh, p. v., Clayton county, la. : S4 m. N. Iowa City. Farmer's Creek, p. o.. Lapeer eo., Mic/i, : on a branch of Flint r. so called, 63 m. E. by N. Lansing. Farmf.r*s Grove, p. o., SoulUamptou co., Virg.: 07 m. S. by E. Eiehmond. Farmer's Grove, p. o., Greene co., TIT.sx'. ; 33 m. S. S.W. Madison. Farmer's Hall, p. o.. Knox county, 77/. ; about G m. W. by S. Kno.wille, and &1 m. N. N. W. Springfield. Farmer's Hill, p. o., Duchess co.. A^ Y. Farmer's Mills, p. o., Putnam co., X. Y. : 7s m. S. by E. Albany. Farmer's Valley, p. o., M'Kean co., Ptiui. : 147 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Farmersville, p. v., Lowndes co., Ahi. : on the Cahawba and Greenville Turnpike, 3S m. S. W. Montgomery. Fakmersvillf., p. v., and cap. Union par.. La.: on the N. side of Bayou d'Arbonne, 173 m. N. W. Baton Eougo. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 200 inhabitants. Farmersville, p. v., Posey co., Tnd. : about 3 m. N. of Mount Vernon, and 151 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Farmersville, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., K Y.: 229 m. W. by S. Albany. Situate on a watershed dividing the waters falling into Lake Ontario on the N., into Lake Erie on the W., and into the Alleghany r. on tlte S..the waters of the latter ultimately falling into the Gulf of Mexico, and tlinse of the former into the Atlantic Ocean through the St. l>awrenec r. The v. contains about 200 inhabitants. Pop. of the 1. 1,554. Farmersville, p. v., Caldwell co., Ky. : 103 m.W. S. W. Frankfort. Faemeilstille, p. v., Montgomery county, Ohio: 7S m. W. l>y S. Columbus. Farmefj^ville, p. v., Dodge co., Wise. : on a branch of Eoek r., 57 m. N. E. Madison. Farm Hill, p. o., Poinsett county, Ark.: 104 m. N. E. Little P.ock 211 FAR FAW Farminudalk, p. v., Queens ca, jV. }'..• oii the line of Ihe Long IsliinJ 11. U., 31 m. from New York City, iinJ Vol ni. 8. by E. Albany. Farminouam, p. v., Orleans co., A' Y. : 233 m. W. by N. Albany. Farminotos, (. and p. o., Hartford county, Conn. ; 9 m. W. by S. Hartford. Drained by ^^mxi3 or FarmJngton r. Surface hilly and varied; soil generally fertile, butlisbt and sandy. Kouud Hill, near tbe villajje, rises abruptly to the height of 6i) feet, and is nearly circular in its form, covering about 12 acres. It is supposed to have been an island in a lake which covered all the present meadows. Farmington village is situate on an elevated plain, surruunpringfleld. Farmington, p. v., Marion county, Virg, : 206 in. N. W. Eichmond. Faraiington, p. v., Van Buren co., /((..■ on the E. side of Des Moines r., opposite tho mouth of Indian cr., 71 m. 8. by W. Iowa City. Farmington, p. v., Graves oc, Ki/. : 241 m. ^Y. S. "W. Frankfort. Farmington, t., p. v., and cap. Franklin co., 3fe. : 32 m. N. W. Augusta. Drained by Sandy r., a tributary of the Keuncliec. Surface diversifleil ; soil fertile, and producing good wheat and grass. The v. is situate on Sandy r., which affords water-power. There arc several tanneries, potteries, etc., in the t., and 2.725 inhabitants. Tho '* Chronicle," a weekly newspaper, is published hi-re. Farmington, u and p. v., Oakland co., JZ/cA. ; 64 m. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by numerous aflUienls of the N. branch of Rouge r. Surface divcrsilled ; soil deep and fer- tile — well wooded. The v. lies on Power's cr., on which are numerous flour and saw mills. Pop. oft. 1.S44. Farmington, p. v., Tishomingo co., Jim.: 205 to. N. E. Jackson. Farmington, p. v., and cap. St. Francois co., Mo.: at the head waters of SL Francois r.. 114 m. E. S. E, Jefferson Citf. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores and me- chanic shops, and about 400 inhabitants. It lies on tlie E. confines of the great mineral region of the Stjite. Fakmington, »>, v., Davie eo., iV. Cat'.: on the W. side of Yadkin r., 104 m. \Y. by N. Kichmond. Farmington, t. and p. v., Strafford co., y. /lamp. : SS m. E. N. E. Concord. Drained by Cocheco r. Surface hilly, being traversed by Ihe Pdue Hills, or Frost Mountains, from the .•summit of whicli ships may be seen with the naked eye ofl" the harbor of Port^^mouth. Soils thin, but of average fertility. The principal vill.ige is situate at the N. E. side of, and about a m. distant from the river, on which is the DocA; so named from its having been used as such by tho first settlers, who deposited their lumber here to be floated down the stream. Near this village is a remarkable rock, estimated to weigli 00 or 8L1 tons, so exactly poised on otlier rocks that it is caused to vibrate several inches by manual force. The Cocheco R. K. traverses the valley of the river through the town, and tho Great Falls and Conway R. R. crosses it in the E. Pop. in \S5\\ 1,009. Farmington, I. and p. o., Ontario co., ^1 Y. : 1S2 m. W. by N. Alliany. Drained by Mud cr., a mill-stream emptying into Canandaigua outlet. Surface level ; soil, stiff 212 clay, and difficult of cultivation. Large tracts of waler- limestone are found here. Pop. 1,SB7. Farmington, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 146 ni. N. E. Columbus. Drained by head branches of Grand r. Surface hilly ; soil excellent for grass, etc Pop. 1,2S3. Farmington, p. v., Fayette co., Pemi.: 159 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. Farmington, p. v., Marshall county, Tenn.: 47 m. S. Nashville. Farmington, t. and p. o., Jefferson co.. Wise. : 23 m. E. Madison. Drained by Johnson's cr., a tributary of Rock r. Surface varied and well timbered ; soils rich and pro- ductive. Pop. 736. Farmington, p. v., Ritchie co., Yirg. : 223 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Farmington Falls, p. v., Franklin county, Md. : on Iho N. side of Sandy r. of the Kennebec, opposite the mouth of Little Norridgewock r., 26 in. N. W. Augusta. Farm liinoB. p. o., La Salle co., ///..• about 2 m. N. E. Vermillion r. of the Illinois, 97 m. N. E.Springfield. Farmvillf., p. v., Prince Edward co., Virg. : on the 3. side of Appomattox r., and on the lino of the South Sido R. R., 52 m. "W. S. W. Richmond. It coiitains two largo tobacco warehouses, several extensive tobacco factories, various mechanic shops, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Bt>ats navigate the river at all seasons to Petersburg, its natural port, and with which, and also with Richmond, it is now connected by railroad. The " Republican" (whig), a weekly newsi)aper, is publishctl here. Farniiam, p. v., Richmond county, ^'^)^g. : 53 m. N. E. Richmond. FAr.NUMsviLLK, p.v., "VN'orccstcr co., Ma^s. : on the Provi- dence and Worcester R. R., 37 m. "W. S. "W. Boston. Farkaniisvillk, p. v.. Clinton co., Venn. : on the N. side of the West Branch of Susquehanna r., 74 m. N. W. Har- risburg. Faukell Place, p. v., Clinton county, X, Y. : 137 m. N. ,\lbany. Fariuonville, p. v., Pike county, Ala. : 43 m. S. E. Montgomery. Far Rockaway, v., Queene co., 2^. Y.: a fine summer retreat on tho 8. side of Long Island. The v. is located on a pi-ninsula, between Jamaica Bay and the Atlantic, and e!>nlains a church and about 40 rk co., Ptnin. : 42 m. S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by nftbients of Muddy or., which makes its N. boundary, the S. lim- being the Maryland State FAVV FAY line. PurfiicL' hilly, anJ suil hidiflerent. There are several mills aiji S=l. Jo- wjih's of Ihe lake. The Soulhem Miehij;an K. 11. paiises lhr:.709. CapiUil : Fayettevilte. Public Workn: Macon and Western U. K. ; La Grange R. R., etc. Fayktte county, HI. Situate S. centrally, and contains 64S sq. m. Drained by affluents of Kaskaskia r,, which runs through it, on which r. the lands are subject to inun- dation, and frequently retain the wati-rs in Ihe hollows. Surface generally level, being prairie and woodland inter- mixed; around Vandalia it is undulating. Farms S2G ; nianuf. 4; dwell. 1,4;31, and pop.— wh. S,027, fr. col. 4S— total 8,0(5. Cdjyital : Vand:Uia. I'lihlic Wor/:^: lUiuoia Centra! R. E. ; Mississippi and Atlantic R. K., et<:. Fayette county, /?m/. Situate K. middle, and contains 210 sq. m. Drained principally by W. fork of White Water r., which flows from N. to S. through the co. Surface roll- ing or level, with extensive bottoms densely timbered. Soil everywhere fertile. Pork, beef, and flour are the chief eljiples. Farms 906: manuf. IIG; dwell. I,sl8, and pop. — wh. 10.145, fr. col. 72~total 10,217. Oipital : C. ital: Washington. Public Works: Cincinnati, Steuben- ville, and Pittsburg R. R., etc. Fayette county, P^nn. Situate S. W., and contains S24 sq. m. Drained by tribataries of Youghiogeny r, and the Monongahela, the latter r. forming the W. boundarj-. The I-nurel Mountain lies on the E. border, and renders the purface in that direction hilly and rough, but the soil is fer- tJlf and well cultivated. Coal and iron ore abound, and fiall springs are found in several parts; there are aUo sul- phur springs. At Ihe Ohiopile Falls the Youghiogeny descends 60 feet in the distance of a mile. The agricultnrnl products consist cliicfiy of wheat, In2, fr. col. 17. si. 156— total 3.955. Capital : Fayetteville. Fayettk, p. v., and cap. Fayette eo., Ala.: on the W. side of, and about 2 m, from, Sipsey r., an affluent of the Tombigbee, 123 in, N. W. Montgomery', It contains a court- house, jail, and about 30 dwellings. Fayette, p. v., Greene co., lU.: 43 m. S.W. Springfield. Fayette, t and p. o., Kennebec co., M^. : IS m.W. N.W. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sandy r., and in the E. there are several large and beautiful ponds wliich empty into the Kennebec r. Surface rolling ; soil adapted alike for grain and grass. The v. lies near the centre. Pop. liOS5. Fayette, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., Miss. : S. of Colea cr., an affluent of the Mississippi, 67 m. S. W. Jackson. Fayette, p. v., and cap. Howard co.. Mo. : on the W. side of Bonne Femmc cr., an aflluent of Missouri r., 49 m. N. W. Jefl"erson City. It contains a court-house, co. jail, etc., and is the seat of a Ignited States' land office, and of Fayette College, which in 1S50 had 2 professors and 75 stu- dents. Pop. about SOD. A newspaper, the " Missouri JJem- ocrat," is issued weekly. Fayette, t. and p. v., Seneca county, X. Y. : 157 m. W. Albany. Seneca Lake makes its W., and Cayuga I^kc its E. boundaries; and several tributaries of Seneca r., which flows on its N. border, drain the interior, and afford water- power. Gypsum and limestone abound. The I. has several tanneries, mills, etc., and 3 7S4 inhabitaiits. 218 FAT FEX J^— - - - - - - ' - 177 Ei. ^. Har- _ • .T. iui^tix , hB: : ' ' - " - -^-iane. Tite I Xowa. has se^ital muia.. ' T^TTTTTK. p. T^ La. Fareffle coantr, Flstr. - -^ in. S. W. Fatsxts Coesbs. p. o- Fayetie cou TVno. .• ia Ibe X. £. comer of ciie «- 12} m. W. S. "W. Xa^TiHe. Fatstis Jpses^s. pw o., Fayette cobuct, FetoL. : IfiT bl "W. S. W. Harrieimrs. FATSTTSTHia. p. T_ TaJEailega col. .- ■^. ade of C»Joear_-^ m.y. itoos^oaierT, I. . anJ Eias 2 ■ - : ' ~' - " ■"•- ■-■■-■■' :^2St. F^ V-.-oo Ei£ : : i. It iiTnt^JTw a cuorinaoasir. cm:«;l kTliiicU Sfitica' Liiisi. u^tn^az^d several ??are5. Po«>. abo*it 45«>. F. " - - i ngs , azL'i 3^-0 LaJiAhian^ Faxsttett-IZ. t- ~- :izi ?2:p. Cr^?.?riaiitl co_ X Car. ■ OG. ;fifi "W". ■■ Fear r_ and a£ she bead of n^ _ - . 43 iil S. Ealeish- LaL -' - - -- widr. - ^ " fr m ^ aziid a Cm^ea ctao^' ac^nai oc cvcKtm.'ut.'a. Iti» xn^ ™ fl'P'ir. «*>!••?«>>. an-! naral ?t>re^ i* coi^»!»?raN«?. Tlir:-: aret7--L_^.- -..^... — -■- . .■.■^- Jjs imiaix^et22%s are eisecsire. ccns"^ and ffioor. stisc. saw. and oil mills, etc. ^ ia lS3i), 2-Sd$ ; in liit). -MSS; and hi lH*.. Z^'^2. FATETTEviLLa. p. T_ OaoQ'ia^ cOm, JTI FI -■ on both, aies cf linnsstonic cT- ; - - - -" ToiSerma O". :' "" " ~"""* - lOE^j. ife la^ '^i CtLii'ia La-i in_ W. AlbacT. T _: pases a S: Tillage. I: £ a plaire oc cocsdeiabie Erade, and has aixms 6t)0 ioitabicanls. Faiextsvillz. p. t_, r : " " ; on the E. fijrfc of liaie Viamt r- 72 n2_ S. * Fop. 31S. Fa' - ' -" " • - • " ' ^.7-- . "Tt. .' on liie G^tn^- bnrj -"- - - ■" ^ zi-S-W. Harrisbgrg. F_!. . -___ -^ - L ._■ ■ '-— •»- T^a.." on the 5. baiLi -J.; r^': z~. ii a:3;ic£j; 'Lt T-^nnr-saee r- ijd m. S. by E, 5'ashTiIIe. I: cr-Eialns a ei:-arvo.':cse. several stores, aad aboct - ^ ; - - ; - new^ap»it. the -linfols. Joar Fa - -^ . "ayetSe COL, ri>3L .- aboot 2 m- W. ot' Sew r_ itv> m. 'ri. by 25. BiehmoiuL It coq- lains a eoart-ooose, sevcial ssocs&t antl afaooc 300 mhab- FAizrwvTiLz.p. T_£t.CIair«x,i1Z..- oa die W. aite of Kaska^ia r- 9S m. 5- 5prinrfi=I*L FATsrTCTiLLz. p. T., Fayette coaatr, lar. :^ 56 oi. S. £. AastmCicy. FiiKrtZTixiE. p. T_ and cap. Windham, co- Venn, : on file W. ade of West r. of the Cocmeeiical. TL m. 5. MocTpe- 5er. Is codaias a c;t:_-*-'" ~ ■ '. several TTtiT i ja ^n^ i mechanic ^ope. aoii ai>: - -_:£. FATSTTETIIiE, p. T^ L. - /. ." 63 IB. 3. DT W, Lidiaiiapoti& FiTTiiLa, p. T^Kane co-IJL: on&eW. side of Ft^i:., 5 m. b«£ow FIgicL : '^ ' - . FsAai5G,t.and -? in.E.5.E. Coiinnhcs. Dtaai-: _ . _ • ~2ter-power; a»i the ittisfciaimn r. maites a pan oi the W. boondajy. sor^ce amy aii.* aS tbe eonffiaaue of Federal cr. wuh Hcckio:: r., 7* m. 5. E. Coiax&ba&. Fezd-3s Hiii.5. p. Q., Hompcea irconiy^ Mudi. .* 3S bl. W. by 5- EoscoD. Fesd SFSESGi p. T„ Hamsm cow, Oaio: 107 hl E. by X. O^imnbos. FssFsE.pkOuScIJo(i^e .- ST m. S. W. , .. -znbos. FzLi-iiv rLJ.3^ p. T- Wmdsoc co« ffflTCT. .- 59 m. S. by E. Monifwfier. Feuoasa palish. JLast. La. Sisoaue in the 2!%.W. of the Eascern I>i£tricc. aii«i coa:a£i>s 5q1) fo. m. DraiiKd by the — - - - " ■ -' ^ r- and dm*ied from West Feiio -^e JIariseippi. S^rfitce eleraled, _ -- C2ewhai rDosQ. Sous enun^niiy p^tjuocuvtr. Owiu^a IS ^inr grea£ scaple. Farms 3(£l : ma^nf ^ : d»elL Hi and pop. — wh. i'JtI. fr. wi. S. d. 9^1-t— ''■il: Jackson. Fui/lia W&rka: Qmeon I.E. '^'-'- Z J. Samate 5. W. of tike sq. m. The 3iidsi3Sppc r. ::ipeoa'5 er.deauziB ks £. _ ^T .c ::— tj. j.2d nmaerpos *"^n b^Djox Fexioa^a, p. T- Graves «o^ iy- " ^^ — B- Feixs VtTTA. pl ol. JeSexsxi eoi^ S.T.: 13& m. X. V. AHKHiy. Feltvuxs: pt t^ Eaex eor. Y.: 1C6 m. "W. by S. Albany. Fki:onia, p. v., Telfair co., Ga. : 106 m. S. Milledgeville. FKiii'-isurBGET, t. and p. v., Addison co., Verm. : i^2 m. "W. Montpelic-r. Drained by Otter, Little Otter, and Lewis creeks, which afford water-power. Otter cr. is naviyjable to Vergenues, S m. Lake Champlain bounds it on the TV., and is here about 2 m. ^nde. Basin Harbor, in this town, is deep and well protected, and is a place of considerable navigration and commercial importance. Large quantities offish Are laktn annually from the lake and cured for mar- ket. The t. has some manufactures, and its agricultural products are large and valuable. The principal v. lies in the eentral part of the t, and there is a small v. at Ferris- burgh Station, on the Rutland and Burlington Tl. P. 2,07.". Fessfsdes Mills, p. o., I'nckinghain co., ..V. I/amp. Fethebolffsville, p. o., Berks co.. Pen n. : G7 m. E. by N ITarrisburg. FiATT, p. v., Fulton CO., III. : 79 m. X. W. Springfield, Fiddle Pond, p. o., Barnwell dist, JS. Car. : 72 m. S. W. Columbia. FiDKLiTT, p. v., Miami county, Ohio: 69 m.'W. by N. Columbus. Vuf'-, p. v., Jersey co., ///. ; 59 m. S. "W. Springfield. Fife's, p. o., Goochland co., Virff. : at the Cross Koads, X. of James r., 33 m. 'W. by X. Eichmond. Fir.imxG island, Mich. : one of the largest islands in Detroit Strait, midway between lakes Erie and Huron, and below the couQuence of the Eouge. It contains about S sq. m. FiLLMOEE, p. c, Dubuque co., la. : 73 m. X. E. Iowa City. FiLL^OBE, p. o., Alleghany co., 2>\ Y. : 214 m. W. S. "W. Albany. FiLLMOKK, p. v.. Porter county, Ind. : 131 m. X. TV. Indianapolis. Fillmore, p. o., "Washington co., 0?no: 54 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Fillmore, p. o., ^Montgomery co., IH. : on a head branch of Hurricane cr. of Kaskaskia r., 51 m. S. by E- Springfield. Fillmoke, p. v., Putnam co., Ind. : at the head of Deer cr. of Eel r., 33 m. "W. by S. Indianai)olis. Fillmore, p. o., Daviess county, A'y. : lIU m. "W. by S. Frankfort. , FiLLMOEB, p. 0., TVashington co., TF/ac. .- G3 m. E. X. E. Madison. FiLLMOKz, p. 0., Randolph county, Virg. : 169 m. X. "W. Eichmond. FiLLMOEE, p. o., Monmouth co., y. Jer. : 29 ra. E. Trenton. FiLLMOEE, p. T., Cleveland co., 2i. Car. : 15S m-W. by S. Ealeigh. FiLLuoRE, p. o., Andrew county, Mo. : 177 m. "W. X. W. Jefferson City. FiLijioRE, p. 0., Centre county, J*enn. : 72 m. X. W. Harrisburg. Fillmore Citt. p. o., and cap. Millard co., Utah Ter., and capita] of the Terrilorj-. FiLLMi.>RF^ p. o., Bledsoe eo., Term. : 104 m. E. by S. Xashville. Finca-stle, p. v., Brown county, Ohio: 73 m. S. W. Columbus. Pop. 145. FiNCASTLE, p. v., Campbell co., Tenn.: 159 m. E. by X. Xashville. FiNCASTLE, p. v., Putnam co., Ind.: 42 m. "W. by S. Indianapolis. FiNCASTLE, p. v., and cap. Botetourt co., TTr/?. : in the Vai!ey of Cahawba cr., an affluent of James r., 137 m. W. Eiehmond. It contains a court-house and other co. build- ings, four churebes, various, mills and mechanic shops, and about HOD inhabitants. Two newspapers, the "F. Demo- crat," and the " Valley "NVhig,'- are published weekly. FiNCiiviLLE, p. v.. Orange co., y. Y. : S9 ra. S. by "W. Albany. Fine Forks, p. o., Person co., X. Car.: 51 m. X. "W. Ealeigh. Fi.ne"s Creek, p. o., Haywood co., K. Car.: on a cr. of Big Pidgeon so called, 24S m. "\V. Ealeigh. Big Pidgeon is an affluent of French Broad, and Tennessee rivers. Flngersville, i>. v., Sparlanburgh dist, *$■. Car.: 76 m. X. "W. Columbia. FisKSBCEon, p. v., Canoll co., M<7. : on the "W. side of the X. branch of Patapseo r., +3 m. X. X. "W. Annapolis. FiXLEY. t., p. v.. and cap. Hancock county, Ohio: SI m. X. X'. "W. Columbus. Drained by Eagle and other creeks, affluents of Blanchard's Fork of Auglaize r., which runs E. to W. through it. Surface diversified ; soils of average productiveness. The v. lies on the S. side of Blanchard's Fort, and contains a court-house, jail, seveKil stores and mechanic shops, and about 1,255 Populat. Three news- papers are published here, the " Democratic Courier.'Mhe " Ilancoek "SVhig," and the "Hancock Journal*' (whig), all issued weekly. The Finley Branch E. E. extends hence E. by S., to Carey, on the Mad Eiver and Lake Eric E. E., 16 miles. Pop. of i, 2,0S4. Flslet, p. v., Greene co.. Mo. : on a branch of Finley cr., 57 m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. FiXLEYTiLLE, p. V., Washington co., Penn.: 179 m. W. Harrisburg. Finney Mills, p. o., Amelia co., Tirg. : 35 m. S. "W. Eichmond. Fire islands, X. Y. : are a cluster of small islands in the Great South Bay of Long Island. Fire-place, p. v., Suffolk co., X. Y. : on the X. of Fire- place Bay, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean, 1S3 m. S. E. Albany. Fipje-place hay, X. Y. : an indentation of Great Sooth Bay of Long Island. FiRE-sTEEL river, Mich. : a stream running into Lake Superior out of the Ontonagon. It has its source in the Porcupine Mountains of the Tppcr Peninsula. First Fork, p. o., Clinton co., Penn. Fiser's Cross Eoads, p. o., Robertson co., Tenn. : 31 m. N. "W. Xashville. Fisu Creek, p. o., Steuben CO., Ind. : near the S. line of the CO. on Fish er., a tributary of St, Joseph r. of the Mau- mee, 136 m. X. E. Indianapolis. Fisn Creek, p. o., Marshall co., Virff.: on Fish cr., a tributary of Ohio r., 223 m. X. "W. Eichmond. Fish creek, ^V. Y. : the ouUet of Saratoga Lake, and emptying into the Hudson r. at Schuylerrille, where are ItK-aled several mills and factories. Fish creek, X. Y. : rises in Lewis co., and empties into "Wood's cr. in Oneida co. It is navigable for boats for a few miles from its mouth, and is a good mill-stream, on which are located severul factories, etc FisifPAM, p. v., VTake co., .V. Car. : 22 m. S.W. Ealeigh. Fisnn.oi, p. v., Union dist.. S. Car.: on the TV. side of Broad r., 61 m. X. W. CoUimbia. Fisuee's, p. o., Catawba county, X. Car, : 145 m. W Ealeigh. 215 FIS FLA FisuERSBURGir, p. o., Franklin county, Virg. : 145 m. "W. by S. Ivichraond. Fisher's island, ^V. T. : Vies off the E. end of Long Island, 14 m. from shore. It is S m. long and 1 m. wide. The surface is varied, and soil very productive. FisiiERsviLLE, p. v., Wludham co., Co7m. : on French r., a branch of the Quinnebaug. 42 m. E. by N. Hartford. It has considerable manufactures, and the v. is intersected by the Norwich and Worcester K. K., 3S ra. N. from Norwich. FisHBRSviLLE, p. v., Mcrrlmac county, 2^. Hamj). : at the junction of Contoocook and Merrimac rivera, 7 ra. N. N. W. Concord. The Northern K. K. passes through the v. FisuEEtsviLLE, p. V., Augusta CO., Virg. : on a small trib- utary of the S. Branch of Potomac r., 4 ra. E. by S. of Staun- ton, and 91 m. W. N. "W. Richmond. FisiiERviLLE, p. v., Jefferson county, A'y. ; 51 m. W. Frankfort. FisuERviLLE, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. Fishing Creek, p. o., Cape May co., J\' Jer. : 76 m. S. Trenton. Fishing cr. is a small stream about 5 m. long, emptying into Delaware Bay. Fishing Ceeek, t. and p. o., Columbia co., Penn. : 63 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Drained by Pishing cr. of Susque- hanna river. Surface mountainous ; soil, clay and gravel. Top. 1.114. Fisn HoTJSE, T., Fulton co., y. T. : on Sacandaga r., a branch of Hudson r., 67 m. N. W. by N. Albany, It contains several stores, and about 40 dwoUings. Sir William Johnson made the setUeraent at this point for the purpose of fishing and trading witli the Indians. FiSDKiLL, t. and p. v.. Duchess county, y. K.* 77 m. S. Albany. Draineil by Fishkill and Wappiuger's creeks of Hudson r. Surface diversified — in the S. mountainous: Boil fertile. It baa several convenient landings on tlie Hudson. Fishkill v. lies on Fishkill cr., 5 m. from Fishkill Landing, and contains about 1,0(10 inhabitants. There are several woolen and cotton factories, and numerous saw, flouring, and grist mills, and a newspaper, the "F. Stand- ard," is issued weekly. Pop. 9,243. The Hudson Itiver E. R., and the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill E. E. passes through this town. Fishkill Landing, p. v.. Duchess co., y. Y. : at the mouth of Fishkill cr., 79 m. S. Albany, and opposite New- burg, with which it is connected by a steam ferry. The creek has fine water-power, and along its banks are several extensive manufactories, as foundries, mechanic shops, etc. It contains about 1,400 inhabitants. The Hartford, Provi- dence, and Fishkill R. E. has its W. terminus at this point, and connects, by means of the ferry, with the New York and Erie E. E., thus furnishing a link in the chain of rail- roads that run from the extremities of New England to and beyond tiie Mississippi r. and the great lakes. Fishkill Plains, p. o., Duchess co., Ji. T. : in the town of East Fishkill, 75 m. S. by E. Albany. Fishkill mountains, Duchess county, y. Y. (called, also, Matteawan Mountains): a continuation of the Highlands through which the Hudson r. passes — a range which con- tinues N., under different names, to the Green Mountains of Vermont. FisiiKiLL {or Matteawan) creek. Duchess county, AT Y. : rises in the centre of the co., and passing by the manufac- turing villages of Glenheim, Matteawan, Fishkill, etc., empties into the Hudson r. Fish Pond, p. v., Tallapoosa county, Ala, : 54; m. N. E. Montgomery. Fisu Port, p. o., Eock Island co., IlL : on Rock r., 122 in. N. N. VT. Springfield. Fisn Trap, p. o., Baker county, Ga,: 140 m. S. 9. W. MilledgeviUe. EiSKBURGH, p. v., Kenton co.. Ky. ; on the W. side of Licking r., 51 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. Fiskedale, p. 0., "Worcester co., Mass. : 59 m. W. S. W. Boston, 216 Fiskkville, p. v., Providence co., li.I.: on the N. side of Pawtuxet r., 11 m. S. W. Providence. It is a place of considerable manufacturing industry. FisK's CoENEEs, p. o., Wiuuebago co., Wkc. : ST m. N. E. Madison. Fitch, p. o., Cass co.^ Ind. : 71 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. FiTCHBURGH, t and p. v., Worcester county, Mass. : 42 m. W. N. W. Bostorh Drained by a large branch ol Nashua r., and two smaller streams, which furnish immense water- power, and on which are numerous large manufacturing establishments. Surface diversified and somewhat hilly; soil of average fertiUty. In the immediate vicinity of the v. of Fitchburg is an immense quarry of excellent granite. The manufactures embrace woolen and cotton goods, paper, boots, etc. It is one of those towns of New England that have forced themselves into prosperity by local advanUnges, and is now one of the chief centres of the railroad network of the country ; hence diverge the Fitchburg E. E. to Boston, the Worcester and Fitchburg E. R. to Worcester, and the Vermont and Massachusetts It. R. to Greenfield— these, with their eonneclions, extending to every part of the Union and the Canadas. The "Fitchburg Sentinel" is issued weekly. Population in 1S30, 2,169 ; in 1S40, 2,604; and in 1S50, 5,009. FiTCHBUEGH, p. V., DflHC CO., Wisc. ; 10 m. S. Madison. FiTCUTiLLE, t. and p. v.. Huron co., Ohiu : S4 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Vermillion r. Surface diversified, and somewhat hilly; soil fertile, and well culti- vated. The principal v. is situate on the r. near the centre of the t, and contains about .300 inhabitants. FilchvLlle was settled and is chiefiy occupied by industrious emigrants from the New England States. Pop. 1,1"S. FiTZ Henry, p. v., Conway county, Ai'k, : 41 m. N. W. Little Rock. FiTz Henet, p. 0., Seneca county, Ohio : SI m. N. Columbus. FiTz Hen-rt, p. o., Westmoreland co., Pe7i?i. : 133 m. W. Harrisburg. FiTz Henry, p. o., Ogle county. III, : 15S m. N. bv E. Springfield. FiTz William, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., y. ITamp, : 46 m. S. W. Concord. Drained by Priests and Camp Brooks, and there are several ponds of considerable size in the town. Surface hilly ; soil rocky and stubborn : but there are considerable meadows which are very productive. Gap Mountain lies on the N. E. boundarj', on which are found fine whetstones. The v. lies near the centre, and is inter- sected by the Cheshire R. E. Pop. oft. 1,4S2. Fn-E Corners, p. o., Cayuga county, y. Y. : 142 m. "W. Albany. Five Mile, p. o.. Brown county, Ohio : 69 m. S. W. Columbus. Five Mile, p. v., Pickens dist, S. Car. : on a cr. so called, 122 m. N. W. Columbia. Five Points, p. o., Venango co., Pe7m. : 171 m.W. N. W Harrisburg. Flackville, p. v., St. Lawrence co., y. Y. : 152 m. N.W Albany. Flago Spring, p. o., Campbell co., S^t/. : 63 ra. N. N. E. Frankfort. Flaggtown, p. v., Somerset co., y. Jer. : 20 m. N. E. Trenton. Flagstaff, p. o., Somerset co,, Me, Flanders, p. v., Morris co., K Jer. : at the E. font of Schoo- ler's Mountain, 47 m. N. by E. Trenton. It contains about 30 dwellings, and 160 inhabitants. Flanders, p. v., Suffolk Co., y. Y. : on the S. side of Little Peeonie Bay, 133 m. S. S. E. Albany. It contains 15 or 20 dwellings. Flat. p. o.. Pike co., Oliio: 62 m. S. Columbus. Flatrerg, p. v., Irwin co., (ia. : on Flat cr. of AUapahaw river. 102 m. S. MilledgeviUe. Flatbsook, p. 0., Columbia co., y. Y FLA FLI Flatbrook-ville, p. v., Sussex co., X. Jcr.: 73 m. N. Trenton FLATBUsn, t. and p. v., Kings county, N'. Y. : 12G ni. P. Albany. Surface diversified, but generiilly level ; soil, Iiy:lit loam and sand, well cultivated. The v. is pleasantly silualo on a plain, 4 ni. E. Brooklyn, and contains 3 chiirclies, an academy, known as Erasmus Ilall. an old and flourishing instilulion, several stores, and about Sit dwellings. Tlie pop. of the town, 3.176. Near the N.W. boundary of the town, the disastrous battle of Flatbush or Long Island was fought in 1776. Flat Creek, p. o., Montgomery co., X. V. Flat Creek, p. o., Lowndes county, Ga. : 146 m. S. MillcdgeviUe. Flat Creek, p. o., Bedford co., Tt'im.: on a er. of Duck river so called, 52 m. S. S. E. Nashville. Flat Head lake, Oreg. Ter. : a considtrablo body of water at the W. side of the Rocky Mountains, in ab«uit lat. 47° 30' N., and the source of amain branch of Flat Head or Clarke's r., a tributary of the Columbia. Flat Head (or Clarke's) river, Oreg. Ter.: rises by scv- cralhead streams on the "W. side of the Kocky Mountains, and after a course of 260 m., joins the Columbia r. above Fort Colville, Flatl-vnds, t. and p. v., Kings county, K, Y. : 12S m. S. Albany. This town includes Barren Island anv^r Perdido and of - ^ => P-;-"J,^ ^^-» ,^^^„ ,,,,„,1^., Jg^ ,„j gjo Z^::^::^:^:^ S^^:^^^ «^rirrS-or"o Wtnd 10o'43. west .om Washington, and between June and October, effectually P-^n^f . "jf-;^ '^:ufsmTparsH "undulating, and even presents some rS^:Xr r:-::;^.;:^- S=: T^:'::^^::^ of L neck of the pemnsula, is somewhat moro ™r^S'^m=::::^= ...s of r>--trzrL'p::^rrt::SirT::t^ part of the peninsula consists chiefly of <^t^;:^Z:^^ ^ 1 ^lese hammocks are scattered through- generally saudy. except in the hummocks, m which it '^ <='=•>' ''"'''" . ,^g aggregate only a small portion L the country-, and vary in extent from ^ ,/'-'7"™ '° " ° ' ^^ ^J;",' 'Z^^Z dog-«td'mngnolia and pine, and of the whole surface. They are covered with a growth of red. In e, and »« ^ ™^' » sometimes pretty afford, when cleared, exeeUent arable land. The P;-"«'' °7; ' " "^^'^^ ^^^ n st re^ The barrens .are overgrown extensive, stretching for several miles in length and breadth and f'™'^ .ndiffer^tTi sometimes productive. The with pine forests, with little underwood, ,nd though the »"■' - f ° ^^ ^'"^'^fX^'^^^ /^^^ ,„e inundations of the swamps or morasses, which form so conspicuous a feaure m the [™f;> ' "J^^Y^X^j, i^ the rear with water, or riversNvhich, overflowing the high-wooded ridge that forms "'f •;^^"';';!' =„7; ^fj^^f ,t„mp.», are overgrown with they are produced by the drainage of the surrounding '°™'^>' ="'''';"";"; P'^^^^^^.y g J«. „ of various timber. pine, cypress, and cypl^ss knees ; and the former, or ""'^^'^P'-X/X ' In The St John's rises in the Great The rivers of Florida are numerous, and they afford vahuable na^.gable channds. 1 he ^^^ ^^^ Southern Marsh, and reaches the ocean afler ='»-*er^ course of * ^^^ ^t'J^^^^ ,,ver, and it is navigable miles from its mouth it forms a wide, sluggish f '^'='.°f ^f "' "° " '''™; l,,r„ ;, ^ ,„„g lagoon, having much the to Lake George, a little higher up, for vessels drawing 8 feet of «»'*:• '"7" '^Vl'^^ „„j In,axura are the principal same character, and communicating with the ocean by In, ban ^^^ ^"^^^ ,^<^j ^'^^': J^,,tvanee, contains only small rivers on the western side of the penmsula, the whole of «^';"; ^""^ »' ImlLiUle "t John's from Georgia, and reaches streams. The Suwanee is formed by the ^'^-^^^ ^J^^T^TiZ T^^^^^^ rises in Ge'orgia, .and flows 213 FLORIDA. Plinl rivers, falls into the bay of the same name, afliT a course of 75 miles, and is navij^ahle fur steamboats tliroui;hout its whole length. The Choctawalchee, risnig ia ^Uabama, flows into the bay of its name, and the Escambia into Ten-sacola Bay. The St. Mary's forms in part the northern boundary, and is a fine navigable stream. I'loridahas a sea-coast of more than 1,000 miles in length, but so much of it is rendered inaccessible by soundings, that it has few good harbors. "West of Capo San Bias the shore is bold, but east of that point it begins to shallow. From Appnlacliee Bay to Tampa Bay the whole coast sends off shallow banks, and IVom Wacasasa Buy to the Aniaxura there are but sLv or seven feet of water six miles from shore ; to the south of Carlos Bay the shores are bolder. On the eastern side there is no harbor south of San Augustine, and scarcely an iulet breaks the coast from that point to Cape Florida. South from the mainland, a chain of small rocky islands, named cayos or keys, extends to the westward, ending in a duster of rocks and sand-banks, called the Tortugas, or Dry Tortugas. South of the bank upon which these keys rise, and separated from them by a navigable channel, is a long, narrow coral reef, known as the Florida Beef. The most important of these keys is Key West, a nautical corruption or /res translation of Ctiyo Iluem (Bone Key"!, also called Thompson's Island. Long the haunt of smugglers and pirates, it is now a naval station of the first importance, and the seat of bands of wreckers, wliose business is to assist vessels in distress ; and a special court is here established to adjust salvages. The marine disasters occurring in this vicinity are frequent ; the number of vessels which put into the port of Key West in distress, in \^h\K and which had been ashore on the reef, was thirty, valued with their cargoes at $329,000, and on these the salvage and charges amounted to $200,860. This key is about sL\ miles in length by two in breadth, with a large, well-she ered, and commodious harbor, which admits the largest vessels. The salt ponds, on tlie key, have of late years yielded con ierable quantities of salt, and are very valuable to those engaged in the manufacture. The Tortugas derive their name from the immense number of turtles that visit them and the adjacent keys and mainland for the purjiose of depositing their eggs. The turtles here are of several kmds, and form an article of considerable traffic. The whole of the peninsula is of diluvial formation. The substratum of the eastern part is clay mixed with sand, but that of the western is a kind of rotten limestone, which in many places is undermined by subterranean streams, forming numerous cavities in the ground, called '"sinks." These sinks are inverted conical hollows, varying in size from a few yards to several acres, at the bottom of which running water often appears. The central district is the most productive; but even of this district a large portion is composed of poor pine-barrens, yet in the midst of these are found gentle eminences of fertile land, sujtporting a vigorous growth of oaks and hickories, while numerous ri^'ulets of pure water flow through the countrj% or expantl into beautiful lakes. Farther west the land is more generally poor. Thus it appears that but a comparatively small portion of Florida can be said to be available for cultivation, yet the warmth and humitiily of the climate compensate in a great measure for the stubborn nature of the soil, and give it a vegetation of great variety and luxuriance. Til'.' productions, natural and agricultural, of Florida, are chiefly those which require a tropical sun to nuiture their fruits. It is not, however, merely in tropical products that Florida possesses advantages over every other St:ite of the Uni.>n : it is now established beyond a doubt that the Sea Idand, or long st;iple cotton (the production of which was formerly confined to a few small islands in South Carolina and Georgia) will grow luxuriantly even in the very centre of the peninsula. A fine quality of this staple has also been produced on the Suwanee, and in the very centre of the Alachua, as well as on the eastern coast. This important fact is no doubt attributable to the almost insular position of the State. The soils are also adapted to the successful cultivation of the coffee plant, also cocoa, the sugar-cane, cottons generally. Cuba and other lobaccoes, rice, indigo, arrow-root, Sisal hemp, i^ew Zealand flax, etc., and the cUmate is suitable for the cochineal insect and silk-worm ; corn, potatoes, turnips, and, in short, most of the vegetables known to the North or South, find in one or other locality congenial soils. The fruits produced are too numerous to recount, and of the most delicate descriptions : oranges, lemons, limes, pine-apples, olives, grapes, etc., flourish luxuriantly, and if x>roperIy attended to, would soon become valuable e.xport staples. As matters stand at the present time, indeeti, Florida supplies much of the tropical fruit found in the markets of our northern cities. It has every delicacy of vegetable culture, and at all seasons of the year; beets, onions, egg-plants, carrots, lettuce, celery, cauliflowers, etc., are produced with the most indifferent culture; and water-melons, cimtelopes, pumpkins, cucumbers, and every thing that grows upon vines are in abundance and in great perfection. The driest seasons are relieved by heavy dews, and the sun that would bake the earth in other States, and wither the vegetation, is here so tempered by the prevailing moisture as to force the develop- ment of vegetable life to the utmost, and envelop the earth in perennial verdure. The climate of Florida has been spoken of, and justly, as one of the finest ; and, aside from the miasms that arise from the swamps, as one of the most salubrious in the world. In the south the temperature scarcely changes the year round, and summer is only distinguished by the copiousness of its showers. No more delightful residence lor invalids can be found than Key West, where the difference of the mean temperature of summer and winter is not more than 11^ Fahr. And what is said of Key West will equally apply to other portions of Southern Florida : Miami, on Key Eiscayne Bay, has a climate at once placid and constant, and presents to the invalid of the North a desirable retreat from the rude bl-isL*} peculiar to that region ; au'l were suitable accommodations prepared for their reception at the points indicated, num- bers of those who now annually go to Cuba and the other West India Islands, would be induced to stop short on their voyage, and try the advantages of so delightful a home climate. The average mean temperature of the State generally is about 730, and in no place does the difference between summer and winter exceed 25°. The mean average quantity of rain durinir the year is 33 inches. The grassy prairies of this country afford excellent pasturage, and have long been feeding grounds of the southern grazier ; immense herds of cattle are constantly roaming over these, requiring no care from their owners, nor housing on account of the colds of winter; and in most parts of the State hogs thrive well and fatten ^;ithout any other support than that w hieh they derive from the abundant roots and mast of the country. And there is certainly no portion of the TTnited States where game and fish are so abundant as in Florida. The fact that a large body of Indians supported themselves well for the space of seven years, while IciimUd th^u^el'Ve^ by an army of 6,000 men, is some evidence in proof of this assertion. It w:ls common before the war for a good hunter to kill seven or eight deer of a day, and multitudes of these animals were slaughtered merely fur their skins. The country abounds also in wild turkeys, partridges, geesc, ducks, curlews, and various other species of smaller game. The whole coast is productive of the finest fish, and the oysters especially are of excellent flavor. Sheep-head, grouper, red-fish, mullet, green turtle, etc., are to be found in inexhaustible abundance at almost every point, both on the eastern and west,.'J01 .... 16.345 .... 34,730 — — 1S40 27,943 817 .... 25,717 .... 20.534 .... 54,477 15,747 56.S 1850 47,167 925 .... 39,309 .... 40,234 .... 87,401 32,924 60.4 The industry of Florida is devoted almost wholly to agriculture and commerce, the manufactures of the State as yet being of small account, and consisting of such branches only as those the position of the inliabitants immediately demands. None of the great national manufactures have yet been introduced, and hence manufactured goods of almost every description are imported from the Northern States and exchanged for the indigenous agricultural staples of the soil — an exchange creating a large commercial movement between the different sections of the Union, and in the interior of the State itself. The statistics of the wealth and industry of the State, as furnished by the census of 1S50, and other official retin-ns, are as follows ; Occupied Landfi^ etc. — Improved lands, 849,049 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,236,240 acres — valued in ca.sh at $6,323,109. Whole number of farms under cultivation, 4,804. Value of farming implements and machinery, $658,795. Litie-Stock—MoTsu?, 10,845; asses and mules, 5,002; milch cows. 72.870: working oxen, 6,794; other cattle, 182.415; sheep, 28,311 ; and swine, 209,4!)3 — valued in tlie aggregate at $2,330,053. (In 1S40 there were 12,043 horses, mules, ete. ; 116,050 neat-cattle of all kinds ; 7,193 sheep, and 92,680 hogs.) Grain Crops.~^W heat^ 1,027 liusbels; rye, 1,152 bushels; Indian corn, 1,990,369 bushels; oats, 60.556 bushels: barley, bushels ; and buckwheat, 55 bushels. (The crops of 1539^0 were — wheat, 412 bushels ; barley, 30 bushels ; oats, 13,829 bushels ; rye, 305 bushels ; buckwheat, bushels ; and Indian corn, 398,974 bushels.) Other (?rops.—Eicc, 1,075,090 pounds; tobacco, 993,014 pounds; ginned cotton, 4.5,131 bales of 400 pounds ; peas and beans, 185,359 bushels; Irish potatoes, 7,S2S bushels; sweet potatoes, 757,226 bushels; bay, 2,510 tons; clover-seed, ; and other grass-seed, 2 bushels ; hops, 14 pounds ; hemp, dew-rotted, tons, and water-rotted, tons ; flax, 50 pounrls ; flax-.seed. bushels; mnplc sugar. pounds; cane sugar, 2,752 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molasses, 352,593 gallons ; wine. 10 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $1,200, and of market-garden products, $8,721. The annexed table will exhibit the staple crops of 1340 and 1S50 comparatively : staples. 13^0. IS50. Inrrense , Cane Sugar 275,317 pounds 2,752,000 pounds 2.476,053 pounds, or 899..57 per c ent. Ginned Cotton 12,110,633 " 13,0.52,400 " ,5,941.567 " or 49.110 '■ Tobticco 7.'),274 " 995,014 " 923,340 " or 226.64 " Rico 431,420 " 1,075,000 " 643,670 " « 149.19 " P)-0(fKrto of Jinnm/s.— Wool, 2-3.247 (in 18)0. 7,235) pounds ; butter, .371.495 pounds : cheese, 13,015 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered during the year hail been $514,035. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 6 (in 1340. 1241) pounds, and beeswax and honey, to that of 13.971 pounds. I/omr-mride manufacturm for the year ending 30th June, 15511, were valued at $75,552. (In 1540. $20,205). j!/(i;i«/iiefiwffl.— Aggregate capital invested, $1,209,107 ; value of raw material, fuel. etc.. used and consumed, $412,080 ; average number of h.ands employed, 1.192— males, 1,112, and females, 80 ; average monthly cost of labor— male. $.37,216, •and female. $9,372; annual value of products, $962,114. The whole number of manutacluring establishments, producing to the annual value of $500 and upward, was one hundred and twenty-one. 220 FLORIDA. Co?n}}ierce.~-F\onda, in Ibe year etidiiig .30(h June, 1S50, exported to foreign countries to the value of $'2,6:^0,624, of which amount $2,607,963 represented donieslic product-, antl $15,G5G fi)n.'i;:ii merchandise re-exported. The proportion of the total value of domestic produce carried in foreign bottoms, was $1.493,999— the remainder in national vessels. The foreign imports for the same year amounted in value to $9r>,T09, of which $:iO,241 was carried in American, and $65.46S in foreign vessels. The greatest portion of the cxporLs are cleared from Appalachicola, which is also tlie outlet of Eastern Alabama, and South-western Georgia, whence produce is brouglit down tlie river in steamboats. The shipping entered at all the ports of the State amounted to 1T,9S0 tons, of whicli was foreign 10.462 tons; and the shipping cleared, to 22,156, of which was foreign 12,184 tons. The tonnage owned in the several eollcctiou districts of the State, was as follows : Reg. stereil. EnmlkJ : tid I.iriTiSPi], Lii-ensed under 2(1 Ions .. 77 . . 71 ... . . . 2D9 . . . . ..407 .... Total Tu.nidge. . 1,793 . . . . 85S . . . . 310 . . . . 2,050 . . . . . 6,706 . . . . 11,272 . . . Collection Districta. rt'nsacola St. Augustine . . St. Marli's P^riii'l. Te,.,|.'.y. .... \;iil ... .... 1,S98 ... ... 2,019 .. IVnn'l. . . . 4'J.T . . . . . 2S2 . . . . . 810 . . . . . 2.000 . . . . . 1,546 . . ...4,083 .. 'l.,„|.„r«rj. ... 51C ... ... 646 ... by St'Mrn. 79 Appalachicola . Key West Total .... .. 8,017 .. .. 8,01T .. . . . 2,050 56 ...2,1S5 79 The coasting trade of Florida is immensely larger than its direct foreign trade, and employs a large tonnage both of steam and sail vessel-!. Of the cotton exported in 1851,70.547 bales were sent direct to foreign ports, and lll,.532 coa.st- wise, and so with other staples— which facts illustrate the course of Florida commerce. The statistics of Iho foreign commerce of the State for a series of years, exhibit the following movements ; Y'-arit. Imjiorts. 1S21 $1.3,270 1S23 6,S77 1S23 4,S08 1S24 6,986 1S25 3,218 1S26 10,590 1827 257,994 57,480 1823 168,292 00,321 1S29 163,642 60,080 1S30 82,089 7,670 Exports. . $ . 1,777 . 1,510 216 . 2,865 200 Years. 1831 . 1S33 . 18.33 . 1834 . 1835 . 1836 . 1S37 1838 . I,„,.ort>. Exports. $30,495 65,716 64,805 228,825 61,710 71,662 90,084 122,.532 334,806 Yeara. Imports. 1S41 $14.5.181 . 1842 176,980. 1843 158,632 . 1844 ....... 155,095 . 1S!5 107,808 . 1840 140,534. 1847 143,298 . 1848 64,207 1,890,083 1849 63,211 2,618,027 1S50 95,709 2,623,624 $30,629 33,384 T0ll,6SS 1,011.416 1,514,715 170,4.48 1,810,.538 $115,710 . 300,845 . 85,386 . 135,798 . . 98,173 . 121,745 . 805,514 . 16S090 . 18.39 279,283 . 1S40 190,728 1,358,860 1 InUrnat Communication. — Florida, beyond those provided by nature, has but few means of internal commimieulioii. In the south there are several military roads to depend on ; and in the north, where greater progress has been ntade in llie settlement of the country, there are some short railroails, and more progress has been made in opening inter-eonmutni- cation by ordinary roads. There are, however, several public works of great importance to the prosperity of the State projected ; one of which, the Ship Canal, or railroad across the neck of the peninsula, will be of vital importance to the commerce of the Gulf ol^Iexico; and the railroads from Savarmah and Brunswick to Appalachicola, will also be the* means of opening up Uie southern parts of Georgia to the Floridian Gulf ports. There is also a railroad projected from some point on the St. Mary's River to Pensacola. GoDenunent. — The constitution of Florida provides that all free white male citizens, twenty-one years of age, who shall have resided in the State two years, and in the county six months next preceding, shall be eligible to vote at elections. The Legislature, styled the General Assembly, consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. Eej^resentatives art) elected for one year, and senators for two years. Representation is apportioned every ten years according to population, three-fifths of the slaves being counted in the representative numbers. The general election takes place on the tirst ilonday of October, and the Assembly meets bienniidly on the third Monday in November. The governor is elected by a plurality of votes for four years, and is ineligible for the four years next aflcr. lie must be at least thirty years of age, and have been ten years a citizen of the United States, or an inhabitant of Florida at the adoption of the constitution, and a resident thereof for five years next before the election. The governor h.as a qualified veto on all legislative acts. In case of the disability or death of the governor,/;'**, the President of the Senate, and eecond, the Speaker of the House of Representatives act in his stead for such part of the term as may be unexpired. No officer in u banking company, while he serves in a bank, or for twelve months afterward, shall be eligible for the office of governor, senator, or representative ; nor shall a duelist or second in a duel hold any ofliec under the State. The Secretary of State is elected by the Legislature for four years. The Jutliciary consists of a Supremo Court, Circuit Courts, and several courts of minor jurisdiction. The Supremo Court has appellate jurisdiction only, and is composed of a chief justice and two associate justices. It holds four sessions annually — one at Tallahassee, on the first Monday of .January ; one at Jacksonville, on the third Monday of February ; one at Tampa, on the first Monday of March ; aiul one at .Mariana, on the third Monday of March. When one or two of Uic judges are disqualified from silling in any cause, the vacancy is lilleil by a corresponding number of circuit judges. For the iiur|)ose of holding Circuit Courts, the State is divided into four circuits, viz., the Western, the Middle, the Etist- ern, and the Southern, to each of which there is one judge. The Circuit Courts have original common-law jurisdielioti in all matters, civil and criminal, and also original equity jurisdiclion, until a separate Chancery Court is established by the Legislature. The judges are now elected by concurrent votes of the two houses of the Geiier.al Assembl.v. .\n act wiis pa-ssed, however, in 1S60-51, giving the election to the people, and limiting their term to six years ; but this act has to be sanctioned by another Legislature before becoming law. Respecting tanking, the constitution provides that " no bank charter shall be for more than lliirty years, nor shall it eviT be extended or renewed. The capital of a bank shall not exe.-i'd $100,001), nor shall a dividend bo made exeee.lmg 10 per cent a year. Stockhol.lers shall be inilividually liable for the debts of the bank, and no notes shall be issued for less than $5." And, in rehition to corporations, it furth.-r provides, that - no act orincorpoulion shall be passed or altered except by the asBenlof two-thirds of each house, and by giving three months' notice." "The credit of the State shall not be pledged in aid of anv corporation whatsoever.'' 221 FLORIDA. "With regard to slavery, the same instrument says : " No law shall be passed to emancipate slaves, or to prohibit the immigration of persona bringing slaves with them ; but free colored persons may be prevented from entering the State/' For an amendment of the constitution, two-thirds of each house must assent ; the proposed alteration must then be pubfished six months before the succeeding election, and then be again approved by a two-thirds vote in the succeeding General Assembly. Florida, under the law-distribuling congressional representation, has only one representative in Congress. Finances, '!tc— The assessed value of all real and personal property in the State in 1S50, was $22.7S4,S37 ; the value truly estimated, $2,862,270. Florida has no public debL The balance in the treasury for the year ending 1st Nov., l<47, was $:i.755 10 ; and the receipts for the year ending 1st Nov., 1S4S, amounted to $56,932 "2 — making the resources for that year $60,5s7 82. The aggregate expenditures during the year were $59,259 72, leaving in the treasury, for future dis- bursement, $1,323 10. The average ordinary expenses of the government, however, is only about $45,000 per annum. Rdigioua DeriomincUione.— The statistics of the religions denominations of Florida, according to the census of 1850) are as follows : Denotnina- *No- of tions. Cliurchea. Baptist 45.. Christian ... — .. Cliurcli Rccom. 10,400 . . Value of Prupeily. . $25,640 Denomina. No. of tipus. Charches Germ'n Kef. — . . •Tewisli — .. Church Value of Properly. . »- Denomtna- No. of tiona. Churches. Eom. Cath. 6 . . Tunker — . . Church accom. 1,S60 . . Vahieof Property. . $18,600 Cungregafi. — .. Dutch Kef. . — . . — ■■ — Lutheran . . — . . Mennonite , — . . I :: — Union — . . Unitarian . . — . . z ■• — Episcopal .. 10 .. Free 1.. 3,810 . . 400.. . 87,800 400 Methodist .. 75.. Moravian... — .. 18,010 . . . 65,200 Universali&t — . . Minor Sects 2 . . 1,000 . . 1.200 Friends .... — .. — .. — Prcabyteri'n 34 . . 6,700.. . $31,600 Total.... 152.. 41,1T0 . . $165>400 Florida is a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and it constitutes parts of the Eoman Catholic dioceses of Savannah and Mobile— in the diocese of Savannah is included all of the State east of the Appal achicola, and in that of Mobile all west of that river. Education. — Florida is as y^ but ill provided with schools; it has no institutions in which a liberal education can be obtained, nor are the existing public schools or academics efficient in their organization. The State has ample means for the support of public schools from the proceeds of the lands designated by Congress for that purpose, and the State con- stitution makes it imperative on the Legislature to organize and provide for a system of public education. The peculiar circumstances of the people, and the sparsity of the population, however, will, for a long time to come, present obstacles to the operation of any system devised, and more than apologize for any deficiencies that may be observed in the educa- tional condition of the inhabitants. These matters must be left to time and favoring circumstances. Periodical Press.— There are 11 newspapers published in the State, of which 10 are issued weekly, and 1 serai-weekly ; and of these 5 are whig in politics, 3 democratic, 1 neutral, and two, the politics of which are not staled in the census. The semi-weekly paper has an average circulation of 200 at each issue, or 20,S00 copies annually ; and the 10 weekly papers an aggregate circulation of 5,550, or 2S8,*)00 copies annually, making the 309,400 copies the total annual issue. The papers having the largest circulations are, the '■ Commercial Advertiser" of Appalaehieola, which is 1,500 copies weekly ; the " Sentinel,*" and " Floridian and JournaP' of Tallahassee — the first having a weekly circulation of 1,300, and the latter of SOO, and the "Florida Kcpublican," which issues 700 weekly; none of the others circulate more than 400 copies of each issue. Ui^orical J?ifr€ti:?i. — The adventures of Narvaez, and the romantic wnnderings of Ponce de Leon and De Soto, the buccaneering of the English, the wars waged with Oglethorpe by the Spaniards, and more recently, the long and bloody Indian wars, have given to Florida a greater historical interest than attaches to any other portion of the Union. But as one of the youngest sisters of our confederacy, but comparatively little is known of its geography, resources, and pro- ductions. Peninsulated from almost all intercourse with other States, it lies out of the great thoroughfare of travel; and while the commerce of the Great West sweeps around its shores, they are looked upon as so many dangerous reefs and rocks, threatening destruction to the mariner. In the foregoing sketch the aim has been to give an idea of the present actual state and condition of the country. Its history is briefly as follows: Florida was discovered in 1496 by Cabot, and was visited by Ponce de Leon in 1512, who came in search of the spring of perpetual youth and beauty, and fabled mines of gold, the fame of which had filled all Europe. In 1562 we find tlie French and Spaniards contesting their respective rights to the soil. San Augustine was settled in 15tJ4, it being by forty years the oldest settlement in the United States. Pensacola was settled in 1596. The archives cf the country during the Spanish rule having been carried away, it is difficult to judge to what extent the country was settlcQ previous to its cession to Great Britain. Remains of ancient settlements exist between the Suwanee and Chattalioochee rivers ; tlie traces of old fortifications, roads, etc., are very distinct, and gun-barrels, pottery, ship-spikes, etc., are found ; but the public opinion of the country is rather inclined to attril)ute these to the buccaneers, and the quan- tity of ship-spikes, etc., found, seem to render the opinion highly probable. It is presumable, therefore, from the known inertness of the Spanish character, and the slight progress made by them in the sclllement of new conntries. that Uieir settlements in Florida were of very little extent; and, with the exception of establisliing a few missions, they never ventured far IVoro the coast, and paid but little attention to the cultivation of the soil. The cession to Great Britain was made in 1763: most of the Spaniards left the country, and it, soon began to prosper under the energetic impulse communicated by the Anglo-Saxon race. Efforts at settlement on a large scale were imme- diately undertaken, the government favoring the enterprise by granting large tracts to settlers. Doctor Tumbul! brought 1,500 families from the islands and shores of the Mediterranean, and located them at New Smyrna; and Lord IJolle, Governor Moultrie, Lord Beresford, and others established settlements; and on the breaking out of the Kevolution, largo numbers of royalists came into the country from Georgia and Carolina. In 1780 the exports of Florida reached 40,000 barrels of naval stores ; and at this time one of the principal articles of culture was indigo, which in llie markets of London brought a higher price than that from any other countrj'. The British possession of the country continued for but twenty years, but during that period more was effected in settling and improving the country than in the two hundred years of Spanish occupation. But, unfortunately for Florida, in 17S3 the province was retro-ceded (o Spain, and the English population, which in 1778, in East Florida alone, numbered over 13,000, principally kfl the country and went into the adjoining States. From FLO FLU tbia period to its cession to the United States in 1S'21— ;i iieriod of n<_arly forty years— It languislied and struggled along with diflicully; cultivation was neglected, the Knglish SL-Iileinonls hsivinj; been allowed to go to ruin ; and at no lime during this period was the population in both the I'Mori'las esliinated at over 10,000, a large portion of whom lived iu towns, or were Iiangers-on of government. The Spanish population, to a considerable extent, left the country upon il3 cession, and immigration began to flow in rapidly; but the unsurvcyed state of the country, the uncertainty of land-titles, etc., militated against its settlement; and the fierce and turbulent Indian race, who had made it a battle-ground for over two hundred and fifty years, and who had never been conquered, and had no egress from their peninsular home, occu- pied the best lands, rendering it impossible to obtain them. But yet in spite of all these obstacles, a considerable population planted themselves in the country. The territory was now beginning to reap the fruits of its American occupation, when in 1S35 the desolating Seminole war broke out and continued for seven years, rendering all habitation out of the limits of the occupied parts insecure, and destroying all the improvements which had been undertaken. In 1842 this war terminated, and the Indians, after a struggle of nearly three hundred years, were forced to yield, and wore nearly all transferred beyond the Mississippi. Thus the population of Florida liad, up to 1S42, undergone four ent'u*e revnlutions, and after having been settled by the Kuropcan race for two hundred and eighty years, was forced to l)egin anew the settlement of the country. Since this period, how- ever, it has progressed with reasonal>lo rapiilily, and in 1845 it was admitted into the Union as an independent State. The few Indians now remaining, altluiugli tliey have given some temporary trouble to the inhabitants, have lately made up their minds to abandon their Immcs, and will, before long, be domiciled with tiieir brethren in the country beyond the limits of the white settlements, set apart for them by the beneficence of the Government, where alone they can be protected from utter annihilation. Tallakassee is the political capital of the State. Florida, t. and p. o., Ilillsdale co., Mich. : 56 m. S. by "W. Lansing. Florida, p. v., Monroe co., Mo. : on the S. side of the N. fork of Fall r., GX m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Florida, t. and p. o., Berkshire county, J/(/.«. ; lOG m. "W. by N. Boston. Brained by Cold r. and other tribularits ofDeerfield r., which have extensive water-power. Surface hilly ; soil adapted to grass. Pop. 56t. Florida, p. v., Orange co., N'. Y. : 9i m. S. by W. Albany. It has several mills and about 3Q0 inhabitants. Floeida, p. v., Henry county, Ohio: on the N. sinsively pnicliced. Farms 897; manuf. 15; dwell. SOfJ, and pop._wh. 5,202, fr. col. 4, si. 2,999— total S,205. Capital : Rome. Public Works: Rome R. E. ; Rome and Jackson- ville R. R. Floyd county, Tm7. Situate on Ohio r., and contains 144 sq. m. Drained by Silver and other creeks. A range, called the "Knobs," traverses the co. in a N. and S. direc- tion. These hills, from 1 to 3 miles wide, are covered with fiDO timber— oak and pine. SoU various— little first rate. Com and grasses are the chief products. Manufactures and siiip-building are carried on extensively near the Ohio. Farms 42S ; manuf. 106 : dwell. 2,44S, and pop.— wh. 14.305, fr. col. 570— total 14,^75. Capital : New Albany. Public Works : New Albany and Jifalem R. K. Floyd county, la. Situate N. middle, and contains 570 q. ni. Taken from Potfowattomce in 1S5I. Floyd county, K>/. Situate E., and contains 9G0 sq. m. Draineil by Licking r., which rises in this county, and by numerous creeks of the \V. fork of Big Sandy r. Surface considerably broken, well wooded, and along the streams fertile and productive. There are depositsof iron and coal, and also salt .springs. Farms 3G5; raannf. 4; dwell. SG2; and pop.— wh. 5.503, fr. col. 62, si. 149— total 5,714. Cap- ital: Prestonbtirg. Floyd county, Virff. Situate [S. middle, and contains 525 sq. m. Drained by E. fork of New r., and otliers, its tributary creeks. Surface mountain-valley, bounded both E. and "W. by ragged hills ; soil adapted to grass, oab». etc. Farms 444; manuf. 16; dwell. 9S7, and pop. — wh. 6,000, fr- cuj. IT), si. 443— total 6,453. Capital; Floyd Court-house (Jacksonville). Floyd, t. and p. v., Oneida co., 2f. K ; ST m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by Nine Mile cr. of Mohawk r., which forms its S. boundary. Surface rolling; soil, clay marl, adapted to grass; along the Mohawk are rich alluvial flats. The v. lies about the centre of the t., 6 ra. E. Rome. In the town arc several woolen and cotton mills, etc. Pop.l,4P5. Floyd Coitrt-uouse, p. o., Floyd co., Virg. : on the S. side of E. fork of New r., 16S m. W. S.W. Richmond. The village is called Jacksonville. Pop. of v. 120. Floydsburgh, p. T., OMhara co., Aj/. ; on Floyd's cr. of Salt r.,34 m. W. by N. Frankfort. Pop. 120. Floyd's Mills, p. o., Horry dist., >S'. Car. : 104 m. E. by S. Columbia. Fluke's, p. o., Botetourt eo., Virff. : 147 m.AY. Riclimond. Flume, p. c, Grafton co., JH. Bctrnp.: on Pomigewasset river, GG m. N. by W. Concord. The country in the neigh- borhood is one of the wildest mountain-regions of the State, and is much visited by summer tourista. Flushing, t. and p. o., Genesee co., Mich. : 37 m. K. N. K. Lansing. Drained chiefly by Coal or. of Flint r. Surface level and elevated ; soil of moderate fertility. Pop. 70k. Flusuing, t. and p. v.. Queens co.«y K Y. : 124 ni. S. l)y E. Albany. Drains into Long Island Sound, which bounds it on the N. Flushing Bay makea its W. and Little Neck Bay its E. border. Surface generally level — on tlie S. trav- ersed by a etony ridge ; soil a sandy loam, with some cl.ay. It is a well-cultivated t,, and produces a vast amount of mar- ket vegetables. The v. lies at the head of Fiusliing Ray, and contains a Roman Catholic, Episcop,aI, and 2 Methodist 223 FLU FOR churches, and 2 Friends' meoUiig-houses, about 20 stores, 200 dwellings, and 2,5U0 inhabitants. It is much frequented in the summer months, and steamboats \^\y regularly to and from New York Cily. f^t. Paul's College, an Episcopal seminary, is situated on College Point, about 2 ra. N. of the village. Two newspapers, the "Flushing Journal," and the "Plain Dealer," arc issued weekly. Pop. oft. 5,S76. Fi-TTsniNG, t. and p. v., Eelniont co., O/tio : 9S m. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by Still-water or. of Tuscarawas r. The V. contains various mechanic shops and stores, and about 200 inhabitants, many of whona are Quakers. Pop. oft. 1,912. Flusuing bay, JV. Y. : an arm of Long Island Sound. It is 3 mile long, and about 1 mile wide, and navigable to the village of Flushing for steamboats. Fluvanna county, Virg. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains 416 si|. ra. Drained by affluents of ZMvanna and James mers, theJlrst of which passes through the eo. from N. W. to S. E., and the last marks its S. border. Surface generally broken, but between the rivers there is a level tract of bar- ren land. Soils indifferent, except on the rivers, where they are rich allurion, and very fertile. Gold is found in all parts of the CO., and has been extensively gathered in the vicin- ity of Pahnjra. Cotton and the cereals form the chief sta- ples. Farms 454; manuf. 51; dwell. S7S, and pop.— wh. 4,539, fr. col. 211, si. 4,T3T— total 9,487. Capital: Palmyra. Fluvakna, p.v., Cliautauque CO., ^'! Y.: 279 m.W.S.W. Albany. Fly Creek, p. o., La Grange co., /«(/. ; 183 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Fly Creek, p. c, Otsego co., K. T. : 49 m."W. Albany. Fly Mountain, p. o., Ulster county, 2s\ Y. : 53 m. S. S.W. Albany, Flynn'8 Lick, p. c, Jackson co., Tenn.: on a tributary of Cumberland r. so called, 57 m. E. by N. Nashville. Focut's Forge, p. o., Schuylkill co., Penn, FoGEESviLLE, p. V., Lchigh CO., Penn.: 73 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. It has about 20 dwellings. Fonda, v., and cap. Montgomery co., N. Y. : on the N. side of Mohawk r., 87 m."\V. N.W. Albany. The Uticaand Schenectady E. K. passes through it. lis principal build- ings are the court-house, jail, etc., and it has several exten- sive manufacturing establishments. A newspaper, the "F. Sentinel*' (whig), is issued weekly. Pop. about 600. Fond du Lac county, TTwc Situate E. middle, and con- tains 964 sq. m. Drained in the "W. by numerous streams fulling into Winnebago Lake, and in the E. by streams flowing to Lake Michigan. The Sheboygan and Milwaukic rivers are the largest of these ; the soils excellent, and wot)d plentiful ; about one half the surface prairie, and there are some swamps and ponds. Farms 921; manuf. IG; dwell. 2,721, and j)i>p.— wh. 14,405, fr. col. 3— total 14,463. Cuplhi} : Fond du Lac. Public Works : Fond du Lac and Chicago E. II., and others projected ; also several plank-roads. Fond du LAa p. v., and cap. Fond du Lac co., Wise. : on a river of the same name, near its entrance into the lake, G6 m. N. E. Madison. It is a place of active trade, and steam- boats run regularly between this and other places on llie lake and the Neenah r. Pop. about 2,000. A newspaper, the "Fond du Lac Journal" (dem.), is issued -weekly. Fond du Lac, a lake. Wise. : this lake is from 30 to 35 m. long, and about S m. wide, and has a depth suflBcient for the purposes of navigation. The Neenah r. enters it-near the middle on the W. shore, and leaves it at the N. W. angle by two channels, inclosing Doty's Island, by which it is connected with Little Bulte des Moris Lake. These clian- nels are known as thp "Winnebago liapids. On the N. extremity the shore is low, having a narrow sandy beach for an extent of about S ra. On the E. side (he shore presents remarkable features for an extent of 15 m., in a wall com- posed of rocks laid together as if placed there by the hand of art. A similar wall pertains to portions of the W. shore, but with less continuity than is observed on the E. In many respects the scenery resembles that (»f Seneca Lake, in N. Y. 224 FoRBDsn, p. 0., Surrey co., y^. Car. ; 123 m. "W, N. "W. Ealeigh. FoKDiiAM, p. v., "Westchester co., N. Y. : on the line of the Harlem li. li., 12 m. N. New York City. The v. contains about 70 dwellings, and is the seat of St. John's College, a Jesuit institution, and one of Iho most efficient schools of the United Stales. It was founded inlS41,and in 1S50 had 16 professors and Co students, and a library containing 12,600 volumes. lis alumni numbered 43. It has also a preparatory school attached. This institution is not only for those of the Koman Catholic persuasion, but is open to all. FonnsviLLE, p. v., Marion co.. Miss. : on the W. side and about 2 m. distant from Pearl r., &2 m. S. by E. Jackson. FoRDsviLLE, p. v.j Ohio couuty, Ky.: IIS m. "W. by S. Frankfort. Ft-tRESTBURGn, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., K. Y. : S6 m. S. S. "W. Albany. Drained by Ncversink r., which affords water-power. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam; white and yellow pine abounds. The v. contains about 20 dwellings. Pop. oft. 715. FoRKST CiTT, p. v., Tompkins county, K. Y. : 134 m. "W. Albany. Forest Dale, p. o., Rutland co., Venn. Forest Hill, p. o., Decatur county, I?id.: 49 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Forest Hill, p. c, Union co., Pern}.: 49 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Forest Lake, t. and p. o., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 137 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Forest Prtreat, p. o., Nicholas co., Ky.: on the line of the Lexington and Maysvillc E. E., 49 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. FoKESTviLLE, p. V., Wakc CO., N. Car, : on the line of the Gaston and Kaleigh R. R., 16 m. N. Gaston. FoRESTviLLE, p. V., Hartford co.. Conn. : on the line of the Providence, Hartford, and FishkiU R. R., 15 m. "W. S. "W. • Hartford. FoRESTviLLE, p. V., Delaware co./ Ohio : 47 ra. N. by W. Columbus. Forge Village, p. v., Middlesex co.. Mam. : on the Mne of Stony Brook R. R., 6 m. E. by N. Groton, and 27 m. N. W. Boston. Forked Deer river, Tenn. : rises by several large branch- es in Carroll and Henderson counties, which in Dyer and Haywood counties collect themselves into two principal constituents, which form the main stream a little S. W. of Dyersburg, and run thence to the Mississippi r., which is entered by several mouths forming a deltoid, composed of several islands. The average length of the streams is about 100 miles. Forked River, p. o., Monmouth co., y. Jer. Fork Inn. p. o., Dinwiddle co., Virg. : on the Petersburg and Farmville Turnpike, 27 ra. S S. "W. Richmond. FoRKLAND, p. o., GrccDe county, Ala. : 103 m. W. by N. Montgomery. Fork Meeting House, p. o., Baltimore co., Md. : on tho S. side of Gunpowder Falls, 34 m. N. by E. Annapolis. Fork Ridge, p. o,, Marshall county, Virg. : 22S in.N."W. Richmond. Forks of Butfalo, p. o., Marion ca, Virg. : on Buffalo creek of Monongahela r., 208 m. N. W. Richmond. The Ijallimore and Ohio R. R. follows the vaUey of this stream on its N. side. Forks of Elkhorn, p. o., Franklin co., Ay. ; on Elkhom cr., 9 ra. E. by N. FrankforL Forks op Mary's Ru-er, p. o., Benton co., Oreg. : on St. Mary's r., 11 m. S. W. Salem. Forks of Pigeon, p. o., Haywood co., y. Car. : on Big Pigeon r., where it bifurcates 9 m. E. S. E. "Waynesville, and 246 m. "W. by S. Raleigh. FoRKSTOS, p. v., "Wyoming county, Pc-7in. : 9S m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. FoRKSViLLE,p. 0., Lake co., III. : 196 m. N. E. Springfield. FOR FOR FoBKsviLLK, p. v., MfcUIonbur^h cimty, Vhy. : 7S m. 3. W. Kiehmniul. FoRKSviLLE, p. v., "Wachita par., Zn. : 152 m. N. N. W. Baton Kouge. i''oRKTo\VN,p.v., Somerset CO., Md. :C\ft m. S.E. Aiinapnlis. Fork Union, p. o., l-'Iuvanna co., Viiy. : 57 in. W. N. W. Ilichmond. FoiiNET'6, p. 0., Lincoln co., i\'". Oir.: 143 ni, W. by B. Ealeigh. FoBUKST Home, p. o., Cass coanly, Tkt". ; SOS ra. N. E. Austin City. FoitsYTU counly, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 2?S sq. m. Drained by affluents of ChattaUoocliee n, wliicli demark8 its E. and S. E. borders, and of the Etowah, which runs tlirough the N. "W. corner. Surface hilly, being trav- ersed by the rugged watershed between the Elowah and Chattahoochee rivers. Soils, except on the streams, of Inferior quality. Timber abundant, and of various sorts. Gold has been found in this co. to a considerable extent. The agricultural products are the grains, with some cotton and tobacco. Farms 765; manuf. 8; dwell. 1,33-1, and pop. — wh. 7,S12, fr. col. 11, si. 1,027— total S,S50. Capital: Curaniing. FoESvrn county, y. Car. Situate N. middle, and con- tains 3% sq. m. Drained by affluents of Dan r. in the N., and of Yadkin r. in the S.,thc latter of which forms in more than half its length the W. bftundary. Surfac(! broken ; gnil fertile. Farms 9SG ; manuf. SO; dwell. 1.789, and pop. — wh. 9,663, fr. col. 152, si. l,o53— total 11,16S. Ctqntal: Winston. FoBSYTii, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Ga. : on a branch of Ocmulgee r., 47 m.W. MiUedgeville. It has a fine court- house, a jail, three churches, several mechanic shops, and numerous stores, and about 600 inhabitants. A newspa])er, the " Bee," is issued weekly. The Macon and Western E. n. passes through the village, 24 m. from Macon. FoitsvTH, p. v., and cap. Taney co., Mo. : on the N. bank of White r., where it is joined by Swan cr., 142 m. S. by \T. Jefferson City. It contains the co. offices, several stores, and about SO inhabitants. One of the best agricultural Beetions of the Slate, now fast filling up with an industrious population, lies about it. The canal h.ashere two locks, and its summit level. It contains about 600 inhabitants. Fort Adams, p. v., "Wilkinson co., Jf/'ss:. : on the E. side of tho Mississippi r., opposite Ked liiver Landing, 114 m. S. W. Jackson. Fort Adams: a IT. S. military post. Department No. 1. Eastern Division, Newport, Ji. I. Lat. 41° 30' N., and long. 710 IS' W. Fout Ancient, p. v-iWarren co., Ohio : on the line of the Little Miami E. R., 41 m. from Cincinnati, and 63 m. S. W. Columbus. FoET Ann, t and p. v., "Washington county, 7^. Y. : 5S m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by several creeks falling into Lake Champlain and Lake George, the latter of which marks its N. W. border. Surface mountainous, but much diversified ; soils various — sand, clay, and alluvion. The village is situate on the Champlain Canal, and also on the line of the Saratoga and Waf^hington li. U. The canal has here three locks, and its Summit level. It contains several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. Fort Ann, a celebrated stronghold in the French and Revulutionary wars, was erected at the head of boat navigation, on Wood's cr. in 1756. The t. has several forges, tanneries, mills, etc., and 8,JIR3 inhabitants. Fop.T AnGTT.E, Bryan co., Ga. : on the W, bank of Ogee- chee r., opposite tho W. tcrmin\is of the Savannah and Ogeechee Canal (n^closed), 16 m. W. Savannah. The fort was erected ia^^3 to protect the settlers from the Spaniards: it is now in ruins. Fort Atkinson, p. o., Clayton co., la.: 84 m. N. by E. Iowa City. FoET Atkinson, p. v., Jefferson co., TViso. : on the S. ' E2 side of lluck r.. about 2 m. above Koshkonong Lake, ami 31 m. E. S. E. Madison. Fort B.iiNBRiDGE, v., Russell co.. Ale. : at the head of Cowikee cr., 51 m. E. by S. Montgomery. Tin' Girard and Mobile R. R. will pass through this place. Fort Barbour, p. o., Barbour co., A/a.: 69 m. S. E. Montgomery. Fort JiARRiNGTON Fkrrv, p. v., M'Intosh co,, Ga.: on the Alatamaha r., 14S m. S. K. MiUedgeville. Fort Barring- ton lies on the E. side of (he river, about 14 m. above Darien, was built by the Carolinians in 1720 to intercept the escape of negroes to the Spanish settlement at San Augustine, in Florida. Fort Bend county, Tco*. Situate S. E., and contains S20 sq. m. Drained by the Brazos r. and its tributaries, anout 800 inhabitanL**. The t has extensive water* power, and is eligibly located for manufactures, having rivers navigable to the St. Lawrence. Pop. 2,659. Fort Croghan : a U. S. military post. Department No. 8, Western Division, llamillnn Creek, Austin, Tra', Fort Dade, p. o., Benton co., Flor.: on tho W. side of Withlacoochcc r., 155 m. S. E. Tallahassee, Between this and Fort Armsfrnnir. on the opposite side of the r., is the site of tho massacre nf Mnjnr Dade and his companions by the Indians 225 FOR FOR Fort Decatltr, p. v., Macon co., Ala. : on the S. side of Tallapoosa r., 29 m. E. by N. Montgoracry. It is built on the aite of an ol.i fort, and is now a flourishing v., through which the Montgomery and West Point K. E. passes. FoKT Defiance, p. v., Caldwell co., N. Car, : 15S m. "W. Ealeigh. Fort Des MoI^'E9, p. v., and cap. Polk co., la.: on the W. side of Des Moines r., 109 m. W. Iowa City. It is a thriving trading town on the route of travel to Couneil Bluffs, and on the line of tlie projected railroad. It is a station at which overland emigrants can eupply themselves with every necessary, there being here several extensive B tores, hotels, etc. Fort Duncan, p. v., Kinney co., Teoe. : a IT. S. military post, Department No. 8, 'Western Division, at Eagle Pass of the Kio Grand r., 224 m. S. "W. Austin City. A flourish- ing town has been built at this point. FoKT Edward, t. and p. v., Washington co., N. Y. : 39 m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by Moosekill and other streams of Hudson r., which makes its W. boundary. Sur- face undulating; soil, clay and loam, very fertile. The v. lies on tlie E. side of the Uudson, and on the line of tho Champbiu Canal and the Saratoga and Washington R. R., and contains about 600 inhabitants. Fort Miller lies at the S. end of the town. The ruins of old Fort Edward, erect- ed 1755, are still existing in the village; and a little N. is the scene of the barbarous murder of Jane M'Crea by the Indians in the Revolutionary War. There arc in the town several mills and stores, and 2,33S inhabitants. FoET Edward Centee, p. c, Washington co., 21'. Y. : 34 m. N. by E. Albany. FoET Fairfield, p. v., Aroostook co., Me. : on the S. side of Aroostook r., near the line of New Brunswick, 19T m. N. E. Augusta. FoET Fanning, p. o., Levy co., Flor. : formerly a U. S. military post, on the E. side of Suwannee r., 79 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Fort Gaines, p. v., Early co., Ga.: on the E. side of Chattahoochee r., 148 ra. S. W. Milledgeville, and opposite Franklin, Aki. It is the terminus of the South AVestern li. R., and a railroad will be continued from this place in a S. W. direction to Pcnsacola, Flor. It is already a place of commercial importance, and has a good river trade. Fort Gaines, p. v., Wahnalah co., Minn.: on the Mis- sissippi r., immediately above the Sixth Rapids, 93 m. N. W. by N. St. Paul. Fort Gates: a U. S. military post, Department No. 8, Western Division, on Leon river, Teacas. Fort Gibson, p. o., Cherokee Nation, Ind. Ter. : on the Arkansas r., at the confluence of Neosho or Grand r., and a XJ. S. military post, Department No. 7, Western Division. Lat. 850 4S' 04" N., and long. 95° 09' W. Fort Graham: a U. S. military post. Department No. S, Western Division, Jose Maria Village, Tex., on the E. side of Brazos r, 138 m. N. by E. Austin City. Fort Gratiot: a U. S. military post, Department No. 2, Eastern Division, Mick. The v. of Fort Gratiot Is situate at the head of a rapid at the outlet of Lake lluron. the en- trance of which is commanded by the fort. The fortifica- tions were built in ISl-t, at the close of the war with Great Britain. Fort IIall, Or^Cf. Ter. .* on ITeury's r., a branch of Lewis or Sapten r., in lat. 43° 01' Sb" N., and long. 112° 29' 54" W. A few miles E. is the junction of the Oregon and California routes, the former of which passes Fort Hall. Fort Hamilton, p. v., Kings co., N. Y.: on the E. side of the Narrows at the entrance of New York Harbor. Fort Ilauiillon, on the land, and Fort Lafayette or Diamond, in the channel, and on the W. side of the entrance Fort Rich- mond, command this important passage. The v. is pleas- antly located, overlooking a wide expanse of sea and the surrounding country, and is much resnrU-d to for summer recreation, there being here a flue mansion for visitors, and ■_26 much agreeable society. Steamboats ply regularly to and from New York, and stages run several times a day be- tween this and Brooklyn. As a military post. Fort Hamil- ton belongs to Department No. 8, Eastern Division. Fort Hablett, p. o., Alachua co., Flt/r. : lOG m. E. S. K Tallahassee. Fort Hemiiree, p. v., Cherokee co., A'. Car. : 294 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. Fort Henderson, p. o., Macon co.,^l/(/. ; 46 m. W. by N. Montgomery. Fort Hill, v., York dist., S. Car. : SS ra. N. Columbia. Fort Hill, p. o., Lake co., III.: 1S7 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Fort Howard : a TJ. S. military post, Department No. 2, Eastern Division, Green Bay, Wiscojisin. Fort Hull, v., Macon co., Ala. : 36 m. W. Montgoraary, Fort Hunter, p. o., Montgomery co., AC }'. ; on the S. side of Mohawk r., and on the line of the Erie Canal, 31 in. N. W. Albany. Hero are the ruins of an old colonial fort. Fort Independence : a U. 8. military post, Department No. 1, Eastern Division, Boston, Mass. Lat. 42^ 20' N., and long. 71° 04' W. Fort Inge: a IT. S. military post. Department No. S, Western Division, on Leona river, Texas. Fort Jaceson: a U. S. military post. Department No. 5, Western Division, New Orleans, Loulsuma. FoKT Jefferson, p. v., Darke county, Ohio : S7 m. W. Columbus. Military fortifications formerly existed at this point. It is about 6 m. S. by W.of Greenville. Fort Jennings, p. o., Putnam co., Ofiio : on the W. side of Big au Glaize r., 97 m. N. W. Columbus. The ruins of the old fort still remain. Fort Jessup, p. o., Sabine par., Za. : between Red r. and Sabine r., 153 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Fort Johnson : a U. S. military post, Department No. 4, Eastern Division, Smithville, K Car. Lat. 34° 00" N., aud long. 7S0 05' W. FoET Kearney, p. o., Indian Country, J^elr. Ter. : a post of the U. S., at which several companies of soldiers arc usually stationed for the protection of the Indian fron- tier. Department No. 6, Western Division. Fort Kent, p. o., Aroostook co., Me. : on the S. side of St. John r., at the confluence of Fish r., 213 m. N. by E. Augusta. Fort Lafatettk or Diamond: a U. S. military post, Department No. 8, Eastern Division. At the Narrows of New York Harbor, Al }'. It lies in tho channel, off Fort Hamilton. Fort LARAiiiE, p. o., Kehr. Ter. : on the S. side of Platte or Nebraska r., in lat. 42^ 12' 10" N., and long. 105^ 21' CO" W. It is a U. S. miUtary post, Department No. 6, AVestem Division. FoBT Leavenworth, p. o. : a U. S. military post, on the W. side of Missouri r., about 3S m. above the mouth of Platte r. Lai. 39° 21' 14" N., and long. 940 44' aV. Here are ex- tensive military works, defended by a company of dragoons and several companies of infantry. It is in the 6th Military Department, Western Division. Fort Lincoln : a U. S. military post, Department No. 8, Western Division, on Rio Seco, Tex. FouT Littleton, p. 0., FiUton co., Peiin. : 72 m. W. by 9. llarrisburg. Fort Mackinac: a XT. S. militarj- post. Department No. 2, Eastern Division, Mackinac, Mlc/t. Fort Maco^v: a IT. S. military post, Departmant No. 4, Eastern Division, Beaufort, y. Car. Fort Madison, p. v., and cap. Lee co., la. : on the W. side of theMississippi r., 71 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. The site of an old frontier fort, and only laid out as a village in 1S35. Fort Madison is now a place of considerable manufactures, commerce, and wealth, and in 1S50 had 1,512 inhabitants. It contains a court-house, the county jail and offices, se-ver.-!! handsome churches, the SUite penitentiary, aud has many FOR FOR fine brick stores and dwcltings. Us river trmle is extensive, eteamboats arriving and departing sevcnU times a day ; and ila trade with the interior is conimensnrately large. The village, indeed, is the natural outlet of one of the richest sections of the State. It is distant from Burlington 23 m. l)y river. Two newspapers are i)uhlished here, the "Iowa Hialcsman" and the " Whig and Kcirisl.-r," both weekly. A branch of the Keokuk and Iowa Oily li. R. will probably be extended to Fort Madison. Fort M'IIenrt: a U. S. military post, Department No. 3, Eastern Division, Baltimore, M<1, Fort M'Intosh: a U. S. military post, Department No. 8, Western Division, Laredo, T<\raf<. Fort Marion : a U. S. military post. Department No. 4, Eastern Division, St. Augustine, Flor. Lat. 29'^ 50' N., and long. 81° 2T' W. FoET Martin Scott: a U. S. military post. Department No. S, Western Division, Fredericksburg, Te^^as. Fort Meade: a U. S. military post. Department No. 5, Western Divison, Tampa Bay, Flov. Lat. 27"^ 57' N., and long. Sto 51' W. FoET Merrill: a U. S. militarj' post. Department No. ft, Western Division, Nueces liiver, Corpus Chrisli, Tex. Lat. 270 47' It" N., and long. 97° 27' 02" W. Fort Mifflin: a U. S. military post, Department No. 3, Eastern Division, near Philadelphia, yc-;;?;. Lat. SQOSl'N., and long. 75° 12' W. Fort Mill, p. c, York district, S. Car.: SI m. N. Columbia. Fort Miller, p. v., Washington co., iV. T. : on the E. bank of the Hudson r., 34 m. N. by E. Albany. At lliis point the river has a fall of 20 feet, and a State dam, S feet high, is built for diverting the waters into the Champlain Canal, which passes through the village. There are several mills and stores here, and between 300 and 400 inhabitants. Fort Mitchell, p. o., Russell co,, Ala. : on the W. bank of Chaltaboochee r., about 2 m. above the confluence of Big Ochee creek, 73 m. E. Montgomery. Fort Monroe: a \J. S. military post, Department No. 4, Eastern Division, on Point Comfort, Vi/'Q. Lat. 37"^ 02' N., and long. 76^ 12' W. Fort Montgomery, p. o., Cherokee co., X. Car. : 297 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. Fort Morgan : a TJ. S. military post, Department No. 5, Western Divison, Mobile, AhilKuna. Fort Mocxtrie: a U. S. military post, Department, No. 4, Eastern Division, Charleston Harbor, S. Car. Lat. 32^ 42' N., and long. 79° 56' W. Fort M'Rea : a tT. S. military post. Department No. 5, Western Division, Pensacola, Flor. Lat. 30° 24' N., and long. 830 14' W. Fort Myers: a U. S. military post, Department No. 5, Western Division, Tampa Bay, Flor. Lat. 27° 57' N., and long. 870 52' w. Fort Niagara: a tJ. 9. military post, Department No, 3, Eastern Division, Toungstown, X. Y. Fort Ontario : a U. S. military post. Department No. 3, Eastern Division, Oswego, A' V. Fort Pike: a U, S. military post. Department No. 5, Western Division, Za. Fort Plain, p. v., Montgomery co., y. Y. : on the S. side of the Mohawk r., and on the line of t!ie Erie Canal, 4S ni. W. by N. Albany. It is a flourishing village, having sev- eral manufacturing establishments and about 1,600 inhabit- ants. Fine stone is quarrieil in the vicinity. Two news- papers, the "Moliawk, Valley Gazette" (whig) and the " Radii and Phcenix" (neutral), are issued weekly. Fort Preble: a U. S. military post, Department No. 1, Eastern Division, Portland, 3Te. Lat. 430 38' N., and long. 70° IS' W. Fort Prince, p. c, Spartanburgh (list., K Car. FoET Recovery, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio: on a head branch of Wabash r., 97 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Fort Kipley : a TJ. S. military posL, Department No. 6, Western Division, Mi/m. Ter. Fort Scott, p. o., Bates co., Mo. : and a U. S. military post, Department No, 5, Western Division. It is situate on Marmiton or. of Osage r., 146 m. W. S. W. JefTerson City. Fort Seneca, p. o,, Seneca Co., Ohio: 74 m. N. by W. Columbus. Fort Smith, p. v., Crawford co., Ai'^. : and a tJ. S. mil- itary post. Department No. 7, Western Division. Situate on the W. line of the State, where it is crossed by Arkansas r., 131 m. W. l)y N. LitlU; Rock. It is proposed to build a R. R. from Little Rtick to this point. The "Fort Smith Herald" is published weekly. Fort Snellino, p. v., and cap. Dacotah co., Minn.: a TJ. S. military post. Department No. 6, Western Division. Situate at the confluence of Minnesota r. with the Missis- sippi. Lat. 440 53' N., and long. 93° OS' W. Within the jurisdiction of the fort there is a considerable village. Fokt Sullivajn : a U. S. military post. Department No. 1, Eastern Division, Eastport, Me. Lat. 44° 44' N., and long. 67° 04' W. FoRTSviLLE, p. v., Saratoga co., iV! Y. : 39 m. N. Albany. Fort Towson : a U. S. military post. Department No. 7, Western Division. Situate a little N. of Red r., Choctaw Nation, Ind. Ter. Fort Trumbull : a TI. S. military post. Department No. 1, Eastern Division, New London, Conn, LaU 41° 22' N., and long. 72° 05' W. Fort Valley, p. v., Houston co,, Ga. : 53 m. S. W. Milledgeville. At this point the Muscogee E. K. divergej* from the South- Western R. R. Fort Warren: a United States military post. Depart- ment No. 1. Eastern Division, Boston, Mmss. : lat. 42° 2U'N., and long. 71° 4' W. Fort Wasiiinuton, p. v., Princo George's co., M<1. : a United States military post, Department No. 3, Eastern Di- vision. The v. is situate on the E. side of tho Potomac r., between Swan cr. and Piscataway r., 15 ra. S. of Washing- ton, D. C. Fort Wabhita, p. 0., Chickasaw Nation, Ind. Ter.: a United States military post. Department No. 6, Western Division. Situate on False Washita river. Fort Wayne, p. v., and cap. Allen co., Ind.: on a high bank, opposite to which, on the N., the St. Mary's and the St. Joseph unite and form the Maumee r., in lat. 41° 05' N,, and long. 85° 09' W,, 103 m. N. N, E. Indianapolis. Here was the "Twightwee Village," or principal sect of the Miami, in their language called Ke-ki-o-que, and here too was old Fort Wayne, built by General Wayne, Sept., 1704, and just below, on the opposite side of tho Maumee, was fought the disastrous battle of 22d Oct., 1790. Atonetimoit was called " French Stores," as it was for a long time a trading post of tliat nation. Fort Wayne continued as a military post until 1S19, and until the removal of the Mia- mis and Pottowattomees in ISil, was resorted to by them fi)r the disposal of their furs and to spend their annuities. It is now one of tho most flourishing towns in the State, and contains about fi,*iO'l inhabitants. In l'^40 it did not contain more than 1,000 inhabitants. The Wabash and Erie Canal gives it access to the Wabash Valley and the Ohio r. on the one hand, and tho Maumee Valley and Lake Erie on the other. Railroads, also, are being constructed to Lake Eric and central Oliio; also to Chicago, on Lake Michigan, and southward to the Oliio r. Several plank-roads also extend into the interior. The surrounding country is one of the best farming sections, and produces abundance of grain and provisions. With these advantages of travel and transport, it must become a centre of a vast commerce, and in time a populous city, through which tho products of a wide lerriti)ry must pass for a market. It already contains extensive warehouses, stores, etc., the couu'y buildings, a United States land office, a branch of the State Bank, etc., and has many substantial brick dwellings. All the principal 227 FOR FOX religious deDominalions have ciiiirohcs in Uil^ place, anJ there are several flrst-rate academies and schools, araong which may be mentioned the Methodist Female College, and a Catholic institution under the Sisters of Providence. Two Dewspapers, the " F. W. Sentinel" (dem.), and the " F. W. Times" (dem.), are issned weekly. Fort Wennebago, p. v., and cap. Columbia co., Wise. : at the portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, 33 m. N. Madison. It is one of the eligibly-situated trading towns In the State, and has now about 800 iuhabitants. The fori Is abandoned as a military post. Fort "Wolcott : a U. S. military post, Department No. 1, Eastern Division, Newport, H. I. : lat. 41° 31/ N., and long. 710 IS' w. FoKT Wood : a U. S. military post, Department No. S, Eastern Division, Bcdiow's Island, Harbor of New York, K Y.: lat. 4U0 42' N., and 74° 02' W. long. This island fortification has for many years been the chief liecruiting Depfit of the United States army, and at various limes It has had over a thousand men imder drill and subject to draft. Between 3,000 and 4,000 recruits are annually passed through this ''gateway to glory.'' Fort Wood: a U. S. military post. Department No. 5, Western Division, New Orleans, La. Forty Fort, p. o., Luzerne county, Pom. : 93 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Forwardstown, p. v., Somerset county, Penn.: 128 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Foster, t. and p. v.. Providence co., R. I. : IS m. W. Providence. Drained by head branches of the N. fork of Pawtuxet r., which afford water-power. Surface rough ; Boil indifferent The v. is located in the N. part of the town. In the town there are several furnaces, cotton and woolen factories, and numerous mills. Pop. 1,S32. FoSTEK, p. o., Bracken co., Ky. : 67 m. N. E. Frankfort. Foster Centee, p. v., Providence co., P. I. : 43 m. W. Providence. Fosteedale, p. v., Sxillivan county, JV". Y. : 92 m. S. W. Albany. Fosterta, p. v., Blair co., Penn.: on the line of the Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania I*. li., 1*23 m. from narrisburg. Foster's, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on the W. of Black Warrior r., 93 m. N. W. Montgomery. Foster's, p. o., Marion co.. III. : 73 m. S. S. E. Springfield. Foster's Cross Koadb, p. c, Bledsoe co., Teim. : 95 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Foster's Fork, p. o., Prince Edward co.,"RjV- ■' 62 m. W. S. W. Kichmond. Foster's Mills, p. o., Seneca co., Ohio : 93 m. N. by W. Columbus. Foster's Mills, p. o., Johnson county, Irid. : 29 m. S. Indianapolis. Fosterville, p. v., Cayuga county, m Y, : 14S m.W. by N. Albany. Fostketille, p. v., Rutherford co., Teiin. : on the lino of the Nashville and Chattanooga E. B., 45 m. S. E. Nashville. FouNDRTTTLLE,p. v., Columbia CO., Penn. : 77 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Fou>TA7N county, Ind. Situate W. middle, and con- tains 890 sq. m. Drained by Coal and Shawanee creeks, tributaries of Wabash r. Surface mostly level ; on the S. and centre undulating, and variegated with forest and prairie. Soil a black loam, mixed with sand, and very pro- ductive; clays prevail in the S. Grain, flour, and pork are the staples. Coal and iron ore are abundant, and manufac- tures engage much attention. Farms 1,357; manuf 103; dwell. 2,251, and pop.— wli. 13,201, fr. col. 52— total 13,258. Cajntal: Covington. Public Works: Wabash and Erie Canal. Fountain, p. v., Carroll county, Ind, : 62 m. N. W. Indianapolis. 22S Fountain Dale, p. c, Adams co., Penn. : 39 m. S. W. Harrisburg. Fountain Green, p. v., Hancock co., lU.: on Decker*9 cr., a branch of Crooked cr. of Illinois r., 84 m.' W. N. W. Springfield. Fountain Green, p. v., Chester county, Penn.: 69 m. E. by 9. Harrisburg. Fountain Head, P.O., Sumner CO., Tenn.: 31 m.N.N.E. Nashville. Fountain Hill, p. c, Ashley co., Ark. : 132 m. S. E. Little Pvock. Fountain Hill, p. o., Greene co., K. Car. : 55 m. E. by S. Ealeigh. Fountain Inn, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car. : SI m. N. W. Columbia. Fountain PwUn, p. c, Monroe co., Ky. : 114 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. Fol-stain Spring, p. c. Wood county, Tirff.:249 m. W. N. W. Bichraond. Fountain Spring, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : 43 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. On the line of the E. E. between Poltsville and Lewisburg. Fountain Sprlngs, p. o., Wapello co., la. : 63 m. S. W. Iowa City. FouRcnE A Renault, p. o., Washington co., Mo. : on a cr. of Maramec r., 73 m. S. E. Jefferson City. FouRCUE Dumas, p. o., Randolph county, Ark. : on an affluent of Great Black river so called, 133 m. N. N. E. Little Eock. Four Corners, p. o., Huron co., 0?do: 89 m. N. by E. Columbus. Four Mile Branch, p. o., Barnwell dist., S. Car.: 72 m. S. W. Columbia. Four Mile Branch, p. o., Monroe county, Tenn. : 157 m. E. S. E.Nashville. Four Mile Grove, p. o., Lee county, III. .-131 m. N. bvE. Springfield. Four Mile Pkaif-ie, p. c, Van Zandt co., Tex. : 212 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Four Mile Peairie, p. o., Fayette co., HI. : 63 m. S. E. Springfield. Fowler, L and p. v., St. Lawrence co., JV. Y. : 137 m, N. W. Albany. Drained by Oswegatchee r. and its tributa- ries. Surface uneven ; soil, clay and sandy loam. The v, lies on the S. side of tlie river. There are several forgea and furnaces, and numerous mills in the t., and 1,897 iu- habitants. Fowler, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio: 146 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by creeks of Chenango and Mahoning riTers. Pop. 1,0S9. Fowler's, p. o., Brooke county, Yirg. : 252 m. N. W, Richmond. Fowler's Mills, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 136 m. N. E. Columbus. FowLEESviLLE, p. o., Livingston co, 2^. Y. : ti few milea W. of Genesee r., 204 m. W. by N. Albany. Fox county, la. Situate W., and contains 576 sq. m. Taken from Pottowattomee in 1S51. Fox, p. v., Davis county, Ja. : 77 m. S. W. by 3. Iowa City. FoxBOROUGH, t. and p. v., Norfolk county, Ma^s. : 28 m. S. S. W. Boston. Drained by liumford and Cocasset rivers of Taunton r., both of which furnish mill sites. Surface uneven ; soils productive. The v. lies near the centre, on the E. of a small pond. The t. has considerable manufac- tures, and 1,830 inhabitants. The Boston and Providence E. R. passes through the S. E. part of the town. Fox Cuase, p. o., Philadelphia county, Penn.: 98 m. E. Harrisburg. Fox Creek, p. o., St. Louis county, Mo. : 83 m. E. Jefferson City. Foscroft, t. and p. o., Piscataquis county, Me. : 78 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Scbec Lake lies on its N. border, and FOX FRA Piscataquis r. ou its S. border, the tributaries of which drain the interior. Pop. 1,13*2. Fox Grove, p. o., Burke co., Ga, : 81 m. E. Milledgeville. Fux isles, Mich. : two islands, situate a few miles S. of Great Traverse Bay. Fox Lake, p. o., Lako county, III. : 1ST m. N. N. E, Springfleld. Fox river. III. : a principal constituent of the Illinois r. It rises in Wisconsin, and after passing through a chain of emaU lakes near the dividinjr line of tlie 8tate. enters Illirinis and takes a southerly direction to the Illinois r., iato which it falls at Ottawa. Fox river, Wise. {See Neenah river). Fox Spring, p. o., Overton co., Tenn. : 92 m. E. by N. Nashville. FoxTiLLE. p. v.. Fauquier co., T7rf/. ; on Kappaliannock r., 02 in. N. N. \V. KiL-hinnnd. In tlie neighborhood is a fine slate quarry, and also a sulphur spring. Foy's Stoke, p. o., Onslow county, -A' Car, : 114 m. S. E. Ealeigh. Framtngham, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass.: 21 m. "W. by S. Boston. Drained by Sudbury r., a branch of Con- cord r., on which are numerous factories and mills. It h;us also a number of ponds. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. Plum- bago is found in the t. The v. lies on the N. side of the river, and has considerable manufactures; and a braneii of the Boston and Worcester U. li., which runs through the S. part of the t., terminates here ; and another branch ter- mmates at Saxonville, a flourishing village to the N. E. of Uje principal village. The I. contains 4,2S5 inhabitanL**. Franxesvtlle, p. v., Northampton co., S". Car.: S2 m. N. E. Ealeigh. Francisco, p. o., Stokes co., JV. Car. : lOS m. "W. N. W. Ealeigh. Francisco viLLE, p. v., Jackson co., MicJi. Francis Ceebk, p. o., Manitowoc co., Wise. : 110 m. N. E. Madison. Feancisto'Wn-, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., y. Harnp. : 24 m. S. W. Concord. Drained by Piscataquog river and its branches. Surface rous^h ; soil generally stubborn ; but there is much fertile intc*n'ale land. The v. is located on the S. E. side of a large pond, and has several mills and Btorcs. Pop. of 1. 1.114. Francibtille, p. v., Crawford co., Ga. : on the Knox- ville and Talbotlon Turnpike, 5S m.W. S.W. Milledgeville. Fraxconia. t. and p. v.. Grafton co., iV". JTarnp. : 63 m. N. by W. Concord. Drained chiefly by the S. branch of Lower Amraonoosuc r., on which are extensive iron-works and numerous mills. A branch of Merrimac r. also li.is its rise in a pond, and flows S. Mountiiin is the prevailing ob- jection in the scenery. Profile Mountain, a bare, rugged summit, 1,000 feet high, when viewed from the N., presents a striking proflle of the human countenance. The whole region is wild and picturesque. Iron ore, of fine quality, is found in the t., and has been manufactured for the past fifty years. The village lies ou the N. side of the Ammo- noosuc branch. Pop. of t. r»S4. Feanconia, p. v., Putnam co.. Ohio : on the W. side of Big Auglaize r., opposite the mouth of Blanchard's Fork, lOS m. N. W. Columbus. Feanconia, t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Pejin. : &4 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Indian, Pike, and Shippack creeks, and by the N. E. branch of Perkiomen cr. Surface level ; soil red shale. It is an agricultural U, and has 1,2IjS inhabitants. Frankford, p. v.. Pike co., Mo. : on a cr. of Salt r. of the Mississippi. 73 m. N. E. -Jefl"erson City. Frankfoed. p. b.. PhiladeliOiia co., Penn. : on Tacony cr., f» m. N. E. Phila'Ielphia, H7 m. E. Harrisburg. It is a fli luri-shing town, and has several factories and mills. Pop. 5,34ii. A newspaper, Iho " Frankford Herald" (neutral), is published weekly. Fbankfoed, p. v., Greenbrier co., Vlrg. : on Thunder- gap cr. of Greenbrier r., 162 m.W. by N. Rirhmond. Pop. about 200. FR.i>-KFORT, p. v„ Franklin co.. III. : on Ewing's fork of Big Muddy r., 137 m. S. S. E. Springfleld. It has several mechanic shops and stores, and about 300 inhabitants. Frankfort, p. v., and cap. Clinton co., Irul. : on tlie W. side of Prairie cr. of the S. fork of Wild-cat r., 41 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, a jail, 5 churches, and S or 10 stores. Pop. about 600. Fean'kfoet, p. city, and cap. Franklin co.. Ay-, and cap. of the State: on the E. side of Kentucky r., 62 m. above its confluence with the Ohio r., in lat, SS'^ 14' N., and long. S40 40' W.— 551 m.W. by S. Washington, D. C. The river, here eighty yards wide, winds through a deep limestone valley, on a plateau of which the city is built, and opposite to and connected with it by a chain bridge, is South Frank- fort, its suburb. Behind the city the land rises abruptly 150 to 200 feet to the general lerel of the country, from which elevation the valley scene is extensive, and full of picture. Heavy rains frequently cause the river to rise 50 or 60 feet above its ordinary level. The river, the navigation of which has been improved by locks and d.ims, is regulariy navi- gated to Frankfort by steamboats of considerable burden, and an extensive commerce, supported by a fine country neighboring on the banks of the Kentucky, centres at this point. The city is also connected with the Ohio by a rail- road to Louisville, and there is a railroad to Lexington, at which place other railroads diverge to theN. an4 feet, with a Ionic portico in front, an.5, and pop.— wh. 11,399, ft-, col. 14. si. 8,197— total 19,010. Ciipitnl : Kussell- ville. Public Works: Meuii)hi8and Charleston R. E. Ff-ankun county. Ark. Situate N. W..and contains 756 eq. ra. Drained by creeks of Arkansas r., which divides it through the midTlle. Surface elevated, hilly, and l)roken ; soil generally inferior, but on the river rich and fertile, pro- ducing cotton, tobacco, and the grains. The hill-regions of the N. and S. are adapted to grazing. Iron ore, copper, and other minerals abound, and there is a plentiful supply of good timber for building, etc. Farms 464; manuf. 3; dwell. 617, and pop.— wh. 8,497, fr. col.3,sl.429— totai3,92y. Capital : Ozark. Frankxin county, Flor. Situate S. of West Florida, and contains 324 sq. m. Drained by Appalachicola r., which forms in part the W. boundary, and empties through Appa- lachicola Bay into the Gulf of Mexico, which lies on its S. border. Surface low and wet, with many ponds and swamps; soil rich and fertile. The islands of St. George and St. Vincent, which inclose the bay, belong to this coun- ty. Farms 0; manuf. 0; dwell. 261, and pop.— wh. I,ls4, fr. col. 0, si. 377— total 1,561. Capital : Appalachicola. Franklin county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 6S0 sq. m. Drained in the N. E. by tributaries of Tugaloo r., which bounds it in that direction, and in the centre and S. W. by forks of Broad r. All these ultimately fall into Savannah r. Surface elevated and hilly ; soils of average fertility, prodaeing the grains and some cotton. Farms 1,305; manuf. 4 : dwell. 1,546, and pop.— wb. 9,076, fr. col. 55, si. 2,3S2— total 11,513. Capital : Camesville. Franklin county, III. Situate S., and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by the forks of Big Muddy r., an affluent of the Mississippi. Surface diversified ; soil of average pro- ductiveness. Besides the grains, which form the staple crops, cotton and tobacco have been grown with advantage. The greater portion of the co. is prairie, interspersed with timber groves ; the substratum is limestone. Farms 577 ; raanuf. 0; dwell. 971, and pop.— wh. 5,646, fr. col. 35 — total B,6S1. Capital: Benton. Franklin county, Ind. Situate S. W., and contains 400 sq. m. Drained by E. and W. branches of White Water r. ; and besides these are Salt, Pipe, Ked Cedar Grove, and other creeks. Surface pleasantly variegated, and soils of average fertility. Manufactures have made some progress. Indian mounds and other earth Works are found in several parts. Farms 1.739 ; manuf. 121 ; dwell. 3,2S6, and pop. —wh. 17,760, fr. col. 20s— total 17,968. Capital : Brook\i\le. Puhlie Works: White Water Canal. Franklin county, Ja. Situate centrally, and contains 676 sq. m. Taken from I'ottowattomee in 1S51. Franklin county, Ky. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 200 sq. m. Drained by Elkhorn and other creeks of Kentucky r., which runs through it. Surface hilly and somewhat broken. Soils fcrlile, and well adapted for the grains, tobacco, etc. It has also many manufactures and mechanic shops. Farms 850 ; manuf. 62 ; dwell. 1,458, and pop.— wh. 8,741, fr. col. 856, si. 3,365— total 12,462. Capi- tal: Frankfort. Public Works: Louisville and Frankfort K. R. ; and Lexington and Frankfort R. R., etc. Franklin parish, Ln. Situate toward N. E. of Western District, and contains 64S sq. m. It lies between tho bayoux Macon ami Bnnuf, and is fp- ital: Columbus. Puhlic Works: Ohio Canal; Coluniltus and Xenia K. R. ; Cleveland and Columbus It. K. ; Central Ohio U. K. ; Columbus and Bellefontaine K. K., etc. Fraskun county, Pemi. Situate S. middle, and contains 734 sq. m. Drained by the Conecochea^ue and Cnnedog- whiit creeks and their branches, which furnish extensive water-power. It lies in the Kiltatinny Valley— the great hineslone valley of the State, and is traversed by South Mountain and Tuscarora or Cove Mountain. Iron ore is abimdant, is extensively mined and reduc<'d, and white marble of a coarse texture exists, underlying the hilly re- gions. Farms 2,'i4T; manuf. 455; dwell. 6,61)0, and pop.— wh. 37,956, fr. col. 1,943— total 39,904. C'apUui: Chambers- burg. Public Works: Franklin 11. E. Feanklin county, Tenn. Situate S. middle, and contains 756 Bq. m. Drained by Elk r. and other streams. Surface hilly, being traversed by offshoots of the Cumberland Mount- ains ; soils generally fertile. It is a tine grazing county, and produces the finest of grains and some cotton. Its water- power is considerable, and is used extensively for milling and manufacturing purposes. Farms 1,015; manuf. 07; dwell. 1.63S, and pop.— wh. 10,096, fr. eol. 49. si. 3.625— total 13.TG3. O/^iito^; "Winchester. Public IlbrA-s ; Nash- Tille and Chattanooga E. K., etc. Fiti-NKLiN county, Venji. Situate N. W., and eontaiuB BS6 sq. m. Lake Champlain forma its W. boundary, and Uie Canada line its limit on the N. Surface hilly in llie K., on the lake level; soil fertile, and adapted alike for grain and grazing. Drained by Mis9isqu6 r. and the Lamoille, which afford extensive water-power. At Swanton there arc quarries of fine clouded marble, which are extensively wrought and tlie stone exported. Farms 2,17*2 ; manuf. lOS; dwell. 4.S27, ami pop.— wh. 28,500, fr. col, 86— total 2S,5S6. Onpital: St. Albans. Publio Works: Vermont Central E, E., etc. Fkanklin county, Hrj/. Situate S. middle, and contains 5S0 sq. m. Drained by Pig r., Elackwater r., Maggoty cr., and other affluents of Eoanoke r., which marks its N. boundary. The Blue Eidge forms its W. limits, and is the source of all its streams. It is a fine agricultural county, and has a large amount of live-stock ; and gold is found at the base of the hills and on .the streams. Farms 1,299; manuf. 47; dwell. 2,024, and pop.— wh. 11.6;iS, fr. col. 66, si. 5.726— total 17,4;i0. Cajyital : Eocky Mount. Fkanklis, t. and p. o., Gloucester co., A' Jer. : 44 m. S, Trenton. Drained by Eaceoon or., the sources of Maurice r., and by branches of Little Egg Harbor r. Surface level ; soil sandy, and covered with pines. It has several glass- houses, and some other manufactures. Pop. 2i9S4. Franklin, t. and p. v., Milwaukie county. Wise. : 76 m. E. by S. Madison. Drained by Eoot r., which empties into Lake Michigan at Eacine. Surface level; soil deep and fertile, and well timbered. The v. lies a little W". of the centre. Pop. of 1. 1,246. Franklin, p. v., Henry eo., Ala. : on the W. side of Chattalioochec r., opposite Fort Gaines, 92 m. S. E. Mont- gomery. The South-western E. E. of Georgia terminates at Fort Gaines, and will be continued hence from Franklin to Pensacola. Fp.ankltn. t. and p. v., New London co., Owni. : 32 m. E. S. K. Hartford. Drained by Susquetonsout r.. a branch of Yantic r., and Beaver Brook, all which afford water- power. Gheiucket r. makes its N. E. boumlary. Surface uneven; soil gravelly loam. The v. lies on the New Lon- don, Willimantie, and Palmer E. E., 20 m. from New Lon- don. The t. has a number of mills and minor manufaclures, but is chiefly devoted to agriculture and grazing. Pop. 895. Franklin, p. v., and cap. Johnson co., l/it/. : on the E. Bide of Young's cr. of Sugar cr., an affluent of the E. fork of While r., 20 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. The Matlison and Indianpolis It. K. passes through the v., and the Martins- ville Branch E. E. diverges from this jioint. The v. is sit- uate on a high bluff, and contains a court-house and co. jail, several stores, and 1,800 inhabitants. It, is tlie seat of I'>anklin College, a Baptist institution; and a newspaper, the " F. Examiner" (dem.) is issued weekly. FiiAXKLiN, p. v., and cap. Heard co., Ga.: on the K. side of ChaUahoochee r., 112 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, and about 30 dwellings. Fkanklin, p. v., Morgan county,///.; 26 m. W. S. W. Springfield. FjiANKLiN, p. v., and cap. Simpson co., JC>/. : on the W. side of Drake's cr. of Barren r., 145 m. S. W. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 40 dwellings. The Louisville and Nashville E. E.will pass through or near this place, Franklin, p. t., and cap. St. Jlarj's par., La. : on the "W. side of Bayou Teche, 52 m. S. S. "W. Baton Eouge. It is a f)lace of considerable business, and has some river and coast trade. Pop. about 600. Franklin, t. and p. v., Hancock co.. i)/"c. .• 91 m. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by ponds and creeks emptying into Taunton Bay, an arm of Frenchman's Bay, lying ou the S. shore of the town. The v. lies near the head of the bay. Pop. oft. 736. Franklin, p. v.. Holmes county, Miss. : on Big Cypress creek, 51 m. N. Jackson. Fkanklin, p. v., Oakland co., Midi. : on a cr. of the N. branch of Eouge r., C6 m. E. by S. Lansing. Franklin, t. and }>. o., Howard co., 3lo. : 44 ra. N. W. Jefferson City. Drained by Bonne Femme r., a tributary of Missouri r., which makes its S. boundary. There are two villages here. Old Franklin and New Franklin, the former lying on the N. bank of the Missouri, and the latter on Bonne Femme r., 2 m. N. of it. Franklin, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass.: 27 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Charles r., which marks its N. boundary, and affords good water-power. The vil- lage is situate near the centre, and la intersected by the Norfolk County K. R. The t. has considerable manu- factures, especially of straw bonnets, cotton goods, etc. Pop. of t. 1,8IS. Franklin, p. v., and cap. Macon co., N". Cur. : on the W. side of a S. branch of Tennessee r., 272 m. W. S. "W. Ealeigh. Franklin, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., K. ITamp. : IS m. N. by W. Concord. Drained by Pemegewassctt and "Win- nipiseogee rivers, which here unite and form Merrimac r. The village is situate on the Northern E. E., and here di- verges the Bristol Branch E. E., 13 m. long. The t. has abundant water-power and some manufactures. Pop, 1,251. Fkanklin. t. and p. v., Delaware co., K. Y. : 71 m. W. S.W. Albany. Drained by Oleout cr. and its tributaries, and aftlucnLsofUnadillar. Surface broken ; soil a reddish loam. The village lies on the S. side of the creek, and contains about 600 inhabitants. The t. has numerous mills, and 3,087. inhabitants. Franklin, t. and p. v., "Warren co., Ohio: 72 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Great Miami r., on the E. bank of which the village is located, and along which the Miami Canal runs. Pop. 2,544. Fkanklin, p. b., and cap. Venango co., Penn. : on the S. side of French cr., at its confluence with Alleghany r., 179 m. "W. N. W. Harrisburg. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., four churches, several forges, mills, and stores, and about 900 inhabitants. The creek is crossed by a bridge 200 feet long, and the Alleghany r. i-t navigable to this point for vessels of 60 or 80 tons during half the year. Two newspai)ers, the "Advocate and Journal" (neutral), and the *' Venango Spectator" (dem.), are is.Hued weekly. A canal is projected to Erie, and the Alleghany Valley E. K, will probably touch ou this village. 231 FRA Fka>-klin, p. v., Essex Co., -A'. Jet\ Fbanklis, p. v., and cap. Williamson CO., Tenn.: on Harpeth r., 19 m. S. by W. Xasbville. It contains a court- house, etc., several stores, and about 60 dwellings, and has a newspaper, the "Western llevicw" (whig), published weelily. The Nashville and Florence K. E. passes through the village. Pop. of t 2,305. Feaskli.v, p. v., and cap. Eobcrtson co.. Tot. ; on Mud cr. of Little Brazos r., 93 m. E. N. E. Austin Oily. Fka.n-klin, p. v., and cap. Pendleton eo., Virrj. : on the W. side of the S. branch of Potomac r., 1'24 m. N. W. Kiohmond. It contains a court-house, and other county buildings, and about 200 inhabitants. Fkanklin, t and p. o., FVanklin co.. Term,: 54 m. N. N. \V. Montpelier. Drained by P.oche's r. and branches of Missisqui r. Surface rough ; soil moderately fertile ami adapted to grazing. The village lies in the N. W. part of the t. Agriculture is the general pursuit, but there are several mills on the streams. Pop. 1,0-UJ. Feaskles, p. v., Fulton co.. Ark, : US m. N. Little Rock. Franklin Centee, p. o., Lee co., /«. ; 69 m. S. Iowa City. Fbanklin Citt, p. v., Korfolk co., Mass. : 2S m. S. W. Boston. Fea>kltn College, p. c, Davidson co., TeJtn.: near ■Nashville. This college was founded in I-^IS, and had in .650, 5 professors, 26 alumni, and SO students, with a library of 8,000 volumes. Feasklin Coexees, p. 0., Erie co., renn. : 214 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Fka.n-klindale, p. v., Bradford CO., Penn. : 100 m. N. Harrisburg. FKASKLm Dep6t, p. 0., Southampton co., Tliy. : 09 m. 8. S. E. F.ichmond. Feanklin Fcenace, p. 0., Franklin co., J/: Y.: 123 m. N. Albany. Feasklin FtiENACE, p. 0., Scjoto CO., OMo : 93 m. S. by E. Columbus. Fbaskun FtJKNACE, p. o., Sussex CO., if! Jin: : CT m. N. Trenton. Feanklin Geote, p. c, Lee CO., Ill : at the head of FrankUn er. of Eock r. 143 m. N. Springfield. Fbankun Mills, p. v., Portage co., Ohio : on Cuyahoga r., 115 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. The falls at this point create a great water-power. The Ohio and Pennsylvania Canal passes through the village, which contains numerous mills, and among the dweUings are many fine buildings. Fkanklin Speings, p. o., Franklin Co., ffu. ; between the forks of Broad r., SI m. N. MiUedgeville. Feanklin Sqfaee, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio : at the junction of Cherry and Middle forks of Little Beaver r., 114 m. E. N. E. Columbus. It contains several large mills and factories, and has about SOO inhabitants. The Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E. passes through the village, Go m. from Pittsburg. Fbasklington, p. v., and cap. 'Washington par.. La. : on the E. side of Bogue Chitto, 66 m. E. N. E. Baton Eouge. Fbanklington, p. v., Henry co., Xy. ." 26 m. N. W. Frankfort. Feanklington, p. T., FrankUn CO., iK Car.: ST m. S. N. E. Ealeigh. Feanklington, p. v., Schoharie county. If. Y. : 43 m. W. B. W. Albany. Feanklington, p. v., Tork co., Penn. : 15 m. S. S. W. Harrisburg. Feanklintille, p. v., Carroll Co., M(3. Franklinyille, p. v., P.andulph co., iV. Car. : 72 m. W. Ealeigh. FR.ANKLrNvii.LE, p. V., Gloucester co., iV; Jer. : 44 m. S. Trenton. Feanklinville, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : 234 m. W. S. W. Albany. Drained by Isihua and Great Talley creeks. Surface undulating ; soil, clay and loam. The V. hes in the N. E. part of the town. Pop of 1. 1,700. FKE Feankstown, t. and p. b., Blair county, Penn. : 84 m. W. by X. Harrisburg. Drained by creeks of Juniata r. Surface mountain and valley ; soil generally good— in tho valleys calcareous loam. The borough lies 2 m. N. lloUi- daysburg, and contains about 4.50 inhabitants. Tho L has several furnaces, etc., and 1,649 inh.ibitants. Feanksville, p. v., Claiborne par., Za. : 20S m. H. W. Baton Eouge. Feanktown, p. v., Northampton co., rirg. : at the head of Naswadey cr., 132 m. E. Kaleigh. Feanizdale, p. v., Ulster co., A^. 1'. ." 5S m. S. S. W. Albany. Feazee, p. c, Chester coanty, Penn.: 71 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Frazeysbuegh, Muskingum county, Oldo: on the Ohio Canal, 68 m. Vi. N. W. Columbus. Frease's Store, p. o., Stark CO., Ohio: 101 m. N. E. Columbus. FcEDEEioA, p. v., Kent co., Del. : on the N. side of Murderkill cr., 11 m. S. Dover. Feeuekica, p. v., Glynn co., Ga. : on the E. side of St. Simon's Island, 168 m. S. E. MiUedgeville. Here are the ruins of a fort built by Gen. Oglethonie in 1786. The vU- lage contains about 20 dwellings. Feedeeick county, Md. Situate N. E., and contains 5C0 sq. m. Drained by Monocaey r. and Catoetin er., affluents of Potomac r. Surface undulatmg— in the W. South Mount- ain and its offshoots render it somewhat hilly and broken ; soils various — in some parts decomposed slate, in others red shales, and in others of limestone formation. Its agricul- tural capacities are excellent, and it has extensive forests of oak, hickory, chestnut, locust, ash, etc. Its geology is of the primary "era; its principal rocks quartz, sandstone, blue slate, dolomite, etc., and there is a fine white marble found in the county. Copper, iron, manganese ores, and barytes abound. Flouring mills, tanneries, smitherics, boot and shoe factories, woolen mills, et«., constitute its principal industrial estabUshments ; of flouring mills there are 72, and of tanneries 43. Farms 1,983; manuf. 248; dwell. 1,391, and i..ip.-wh. 83,314, fr. col. 3,760, si. 3,'J13-total 40,9s7. Cajyit.d: Fre.leriek City. Pullic Works: Baltimore and Ohio K. R. ; Frederick Branch E. R. Feedeeick county, Tirg. Situate N. E., and contains 480 sq. m. Drained by Opequan, Back, and Sleep er., affluents of Potomac r. Surface diversified by hills and valleys, and soil of average productiveness— in some parts, especially along the rivers, very fertile. Iron ore, potters' elay, etc., are abundant, and there are several extensive m- dilslrial establishments in various parts. The streams afford fine water-power, which is extensively used for milling pur- poses Farms 1,026; manuf. S9; dwell. 2,326, and pop.— wh 12,769, fr. col. 912, si. 2,294— total 15,975. Capital: Wiiichester. Public Works : Winchester and Potomac E. K. Feedeeick City, p. v., and cap. Frederick Co., Md. : on Carroll's cr., a tributary of Monocaey r., 68 m. W. N. W. Vnnapolis. Lat. 390 n' N., and long. 77° 18' W. It is a well-built town, with regular, wide streets, and contiims a court-house, a substantial building, the county jail, mid other public offices; 17 churches, some of them spacious and of fine architecture ; several literary and scientific institutions, and about 1,000 dwellings, mostly of brick or stone, and many of them elegant, and 6,028 inh.Tbitants, of which 4,786 are white 822 free colored, and 420 slaves. In regard of ]iopu- lation'it is the third town of the State, Baltimore and Cum- beriand onlv having more inhabitants— in wealth and ele- gance it is "second only to Baltimore. St. John's College, chartered in 1860, and several other Roman C^atholic insti- tutions are located in Frederick. The newspapers published here are the "Star" (literary), the "Banner of Liberty" (whig), the "Examiner" (whig), tho "F. Herald" (whig), andUie "Republican Citizen" (dem.), all issued weekly. The highwav from Baltimore to Wheeling passes through Frederick, and a branch road connects it with the Balti- FRE FRE more and Ohio K. R. The valley of MoQocacy r. is efnialiy remarkable for its beauty, its rich agricultural nsourccs, and its mineral wealth. Frederick ia the depOl of this dis- trict, and has a large commerce. Numerous maiiufaftures are carried on, and also a large wholesale and retail trade. Fr.EDi^RicK, p. v., Mahoning eo., Ohio : on a branch of Mahoning r., 128 m. N. K. Columbus. Fkcdekick, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Penn.: 74 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. FREDEaicKSBURGH, p. V., ^VashiHgton en., IiuJ. : on Great Blue r., 83 m. S. Indianapolis. It is a pleasant village of some 1011 or 120 inhabitants. FaEDERiCKSBUBGn, p. V., Wayne co., Ohio : on Salt er., 9(5 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains several nulls and fac- tories, numerous mechanic shops, and about -tOO inhabitants. FKEDERiCKSBunGn, p. V., OsagB CO., Mo, FjiEDERiCKSBCRGU, p. V., LcbanoQ CO., Venn.: 89 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Pop. 397. Fkedericksbukgu, p. v., and cap. Gillespie co., Tex. : on Barron's cr. of Pedernales r., 73 m. W. Austin City. Fredekicksburgh. p. b., Spottsylvania co., Virg. : on the S. W. side of Rappahannock r., below the falls and at the head of navigation, 110 m. from its confluence with Chesa- peake Bay, 60 m. N. Richmond. Lat. 38° Z\' N., and long. 770 3S' W. The city is surrounded by hills, and is laid out with great regularity. It has a court-house, jail, and public offices; several factories and mechanic shops, and numerous wholesale and retail stores. It exports immense amounts of tobacco, grain, and corn, and has a flourii-bing internal trade. It has one daily newspaper, the " Virginia "Whig;" two semi- weeklies, the "Democratic Recorder" (dem.), and the " F. News" (whig), both of which issued ■weekly editions; and one weekly, the " Christian Banner," a religious publication. The falls of the Rappahannock, in the vicinity, afford good water-power; and the city is sup- plied with excellent water from the river in pipes laid by a joint-stock company. The city was named in honor of Prince Frederick, the father of George III. In 1S30 it had 8,3U7 inhabitants; in 1S40, 3,97-4; and in 1S50 about G.OiiQ. The Richmond, Frederick, and Potomac R. R. passes through the city. Fredebickshall, p. T., Louisa co., Yirg. : 31 m. N. W. Eichmond. The Virginia Central R. R. passes through the TilKage. Fredericks VI LI.E, p. v., Schuyler co., III.: 37G m. N. Springfield. F red E KICK TON', p. V., Marlon co., III. : on Skillet fork of Little Wabash r., 93 m. S. S. E. Springfield. Fbedericktown, p. v., Washington co., Kt/. : on Beech Fork, 43 m. S. W. Frankfort. Feepebicktown, p. v., Madison co., Mo. : on a branch of St, FranQois r,, 126 m. E. S. E. Jefferson Cily. Immense mining operations are carried ou in the surrounding country. Fbedericktown, p. v., Knox co., Ohio: on Vemou r., 42 m. N. N. E. Columbus. The Columbus and Lake Erie E. E. passes through the village, 30 m. from Newark. P. 712 Fredekicktown, p. v., Washington co., Pemi. : 1S4 m. W. Harrisburg. Frj;l)On, p. v., Sussex co., iV' Jer. : 53 m. N. by W. Trenton. Fkedonia, p. v., Chambers co., Ala.: on a creek of Chattahoochee r., 71 m. N. E. Montgomery. Freuosia, p. v., Crawford co., Ind.: on a high bluff at the lower end of the Horse Shoe Bend of the Ohio r.. IOC m. S. by W. Indianapolis. It is about 4 m. below Levcu- worth, and contains about 300 inhabitants. Feedonia, p. v., Caldwell co., Kij. : on Livingston's or. of Cumberland r., 192 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Fredoxia, p. v., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 43 m. 8. E. Lansing. Frkdonia, p. v., Ru!tk co., Tex, : 226 m. N. E. Austin Cily. FttSDo-MA, p. v., Chautauquc co., N. Y. : on Canadaway F3 cr. of Lake Erie, 3 m. S. from Dunkirk and "278 m. W. by S. Albany. It contains several mills and facl'iries, and about l,2iio iuhabilants. The stores, hotels, streets, an*l public buildings are lighted by a "natural gas"' issuing from ihc bed of the creek. Several lighthouses on the lake shore are also lighted by the same carburetted hydrogen, which burns as brilliantly as coal or rosin gas. The " F. Courier" (wliig) is i)ublished weekly. This ia a pleasant and thriving village. Fbedonia, t. and p. 0., Washington co., Wi*<\ : 7(1 in. E. N. E. Madison. Drained by MUwautie r. and ils trilmtariea. Pop. 672. Fredonia, p. v., Licking co., Ohio : 27 m. N. E. Cohunbus. Freuoma, p. v., Williamson co., IlL: on the N. side of Big Muddy r., 13G m.S. S. E. Springfield. Fredonia, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenn. : ou a creek of Cumberland r., 34 m. N. W. Nashville. Fredonia, p. v., Macon county, Gtt. : 7G m. S. W. MilledgeviUe. Free Bridge, p. o., Cass co., Ga. : on Etowah r.. 122 m. N. W. MilledgeviUe. Fbeeburgu, p. v., Union CO., Pen}}.: -19 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. Freedensdukgh, p. v., Schuylkill co., Pcun. : 47 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Freedom, p. v., Keokuk co., Ia. : 73 m. S. Iowa City. Freedom, p. v., Owen co., Inany. Front Royal, p. v., and cap. Warren eo., Virg.: on Happy cr. of the Shenandoah r., about 1 m. from its mouth. It is the present terminus of llie Manassas Gap R. R., which, Iiowever, it is intended to extend to IlarrisbLirg, in Rock- ingham eo. It is a pleasantly situated village, and contains a court-house and other co. buildings, 2 churches, several stores and mechanic shops, mills, etc., and about 300 in- habitants. FROSTBuncn, p. v., Alleghany co., 3fd. : on the National Road, 10 m. W. Cumberland, and 156 m. W. N. W. Anna- polis. A railroad extends hence to Cumberland, whicli is chiefly used for the conveyance of the coal and iron of the Frostburg raining district to that point. Frostburg is ono of the most elevated villages in the Union, being, according to Schriver, 1,792 feet above the level of Chesapeake Buy. It is the centre of a vast mining region. Frozen Creek, p. o., Breathitt eo., A> ; 102 m. S. E. Frankfort. Fruit Hill, p. o.. Christian co., i. y. .■ 152 m. V<'. S. W. Frankfort. Fruit Hill, p. c, Yigo co., Md. : 78 in."W. Indianapolis. Fruit Hill, p. o., Clearfield co., Perm.: 112 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Fr.uiT liiLL, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 67 m."W. by S. Columbia. Fruit Hills, p. v., "Warren county, OJiio: 86 m. S. "W. Columbus. The '■ Regenerator," a monthly periodical, is issued at this place. Fryburgh, p. v., Auglaize county, Ohio: 73 m. N. "W. Columbus. FRYEBtTRGH, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 63 m.W. S.'W. Augusta. Drained by the Saco r., which passes through it. Surface varied; soil is generally light, but on the river very fertile. The village, on the E. side of Saco r., is situate on a beautiful plain surrounded by hills, and near it is '' LovelPs Pond," celebrated in Indian warfare. Pop. 1.524.' Fryer's Bridge, p. o., Pike eo., Ala.: 49 m. S. by E. Montgomery. Fbyer'8 Ponds, p. o., Burke county, Ga. : 80 ra. E. Milledgeville. FuLDo, p. v., Spencer coimty, Itid.: 122 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Fuller's Point, p. v., Coles co., lU. : 75 m. E. by S. Springfield. FuLLERSviLLE Ip.oN WoRKS, p. 0., St. Lawrcnce county, K. Y.: on a branch of Oswegatchie r., 131 m. N. W. Albany. The works here are extensive, and the village contains about 400 inhabitiints. Fulton county. Ark. Situate N. middle, and contains S2S sq. m. Drained in the E. by the forks of Si>ring and Strawberry rivers, affluents of Big Black r., and in the W. by a large branch of "White r. Surface diversified— in some parts broken ; soils generally fertile. The streams afl^ord many fino mill sites, and "White r. is here navigable for boats of large size. Farms 220; manuf. 0; dwell. 2S^, and pnp.— wh. 1,763, fr. col. 1, si. 50— total 1,S19. Capital: Pilot Hill. Fl-i.ton county. III. Situate toward the W. centrally, and contains S64 sq. m. Drained by Spoon r.. Copperas 2S& FUL FUN cr., and other affluents of Illinois r., wliicli uiakts its E. and Fultox, t. and p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio: 97 m. S. W. B. 'e. boundary. Surface undulating, and consisting of 1 Columbus. It extends along the (ihio r. 2} m., and back prairie and timber in about equal proportions; soil, a deep black mold, ^■ery fertile. Iron ore is al)undant and has been successfully worked. Farms 1,942 ; manuf. 104 ; dwell. 8,611, and ijop.— wh. 22,492, fr. col. 10— totid 22,608. CapiUti : Lewistown. Fulton county. InNiiA.M, p. v., Schoharie CO., JV. Y, : on the W. side of Schoharie cr., 32 m. W. by S. Albany. FuLToNUAM, p. v., Muskiugum CO., Oldo : 56 m. E. Columbus. It h.as several manufacturing establishmenta and mechanic shops, and about 000 iuhabitants. FuLTONViLLE, p. v., Montgomery co.. A'. )'. : on the S. bank of Mohawk r. and on the Erie Canal, 37 m. W. N. W. Albany. The river is here crossed by a bridge. The vil- lage contains several stores and mechanic shops, a dry dock and boat-yard, and about 400 inhabitants ; and has a news- paper, the "Montgomerj' Whig," which is issued weekly. It is situate almost opposite to Fonda, the county-seat of justice. FuLwoon's Stork, *p. o., Union co., Al Car. : 122 m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. FuNDY. bay of: this bay washes a part of the eastern shore of Maine, and is an important channel of commerce between the United States and British provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. It sets up round Cape Sable in lat. 43° 24' N., anil long. 65° 39' W., and crosses to the shore of Maine a little W. of Frenchman's Bay, from the mouth of which to the cape is about 150 miles. From Eastport to St. John's, N. B., is 60 m., from St. John's to Annapolis 40 m., and fVom thence to Halifax, overland, about 70 m. The bay is divided near its head by Chig- necto Cape. The N. W. part is called Chignecto Bay, and the S. E. the Basin of Mines. From Eastport to the head of Chignecto Bay is 170 m., to Windsor, at the head of the Basin of Mines, 1.50 ra.. and from Windsor to Halifax 45 m. The commerce of this bay is very considerable, and its fisheries are the most extensive and valuable in the world. The tides are supposed to rise higher in the Bay of Fundy than in any other part of the world, and their elevation in- creases in ascending : at Eastport they rise 25 feet, at St. John's 80, at Cape Split 65, at Windsor 60, and at Cumber- land 71. The islands within the bay are Grand Menan, and a cluster of small islands round it off. West Quoddy Head, and Campo Eello, near Eastport, and others— all be- longing to the British. Isle de Haute contains beautiful specimens of asbestos. The rapidity of the tides, the al- FUX GAL most persistent fogs, and the absence of good li:irIjors l)e- Iweea Easlport and St. Joan's, and from St. John's to Cliiii- necto Cape, render the navigation dangerous and difficult. The tides herald their approach by a roaring turmoil, arid overwhelm in their course all opposition, the first tide wave being from 8 to 10 feet in height. The harbor of St. John's is of easy access, safe, and of sufficient expanse and depth for a large fleet. It is located at the outlet of the gr*il river of the same name, in tat. 45*^ 20' N., and long. G6° W. Its chief export is lumber, and of this material it supplies by far the greatest quantity received in England. FiTNKSTOiiVN, p. v., Washington co., Md. : on the E. bank of Antietam cr., 55 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It is a con- siderable village, and has 793 inhabitants, FuBKACE, p. o., Erie co., Ohio. Furnace, p. o., Berks co., Penn. FuasACB Village, p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn. : on a creek of Salmon r., -14 m. W. by N. Hartford. Here are extensive smelling works, famous for the production of a a fine quahty of iron. The ore is obtained from a bed in the W. part of the t, near the New York State Hue. G Gabriel's Creek, p, o., Yancey co., X. Car. : 212 m. W. Ealeigh. Gaddetville, p. v., Eobeson co., 2^. Car. : 93 m. S. S.W. Ealeigh. Gaddistown, p. v., Union co., Ga.: 133 m. N. by AV. MiUedgeville. Gadfly, p. c, Barrj' co., Mo. : 14Y m. S. W. Jefferson City. Gadsden county, -Flor. Situate centrally in W. District, and contains 1,150 sq. m. It extends from the Georgia line to the Gulf of Mexico, and is inclosed on the E. by Ock- lockony r., and in the W. chiefly by Appalachicola r. Dog Island, oQ" the coast, belongs to this county. Surface gen- erally low and level — on the Appalachicola r. are hills or biufls, and toward the S. the lands are somewhat marshy ; soils on the streams generally fertile, but in other parts there are extensive pine barrens and sandy w.-istes. Cotton, rice, sugar, and tobacco are grown. Farms -iSi' ; manuf. ; dwell. 6S4, and pop.— wh. 3,9U0, fr. col. 4, si. 4,S79— total 8,7S8. Capital: Quincy. Gadsden, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala. : 134 m. N. by E. Montgomery, Gausdex, p. v., Kichland dist., S. Car. : on the N. E. side of Cedar er. of Congaree r., and on the line of the Colum- bia Branch K. R., 19 m. S. E. Columbia. Gage's Lake, p. o., Lake county, lU.: 192 m. N. E. Springfield. Gage's Point, p. o., St. Francis co., Arl: : 91 m. E. N. E. Litlle Rock. Gajianna, p. v., Franklin eo., Ohio. Gailev'8 Mill, p. c, Hall co., Ga. : 07 m. N. by W. MiUedgeville. Gainer's Store, p. o., Pike co., Ala. : about 4 m. E. Conecuh r. and 49 S. by E. Montgomery. Gaines, t. and p. v., Orleans co., J^T. Y. : 224 m. "W. by N. Albany. Drained by branches of Oak Orchard cr. of Lake Ontario. Surface generally level; soil, clayey loam, very fertile. The v. is situate on the Eidge Eoad, and contains about COO inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,722. Tho Erie Canal passes through the S. portion of this town. Gaines, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Pe7in. : 112 m. N. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Pine cr., an affluent of tlie W. branch of Susquehanna r. Surface diversified by hills and valleys; soils of moderate fertility. It constitutes a fine grazing ountry and has abundance of limber. Pop. 531. Gaines' Bend, p. o., Hawkins co., 7'«i7i.;216m.E. byN. Jsashville. GAiNESBoaocGn, p. v., and cap. Jackson co*, Tenn. ; on the left bank of Cumberland r., 61 in. E. N. E. Xashville. It contains a court-house and other public buildings, and about 300 inhabitants. Gainesborol'gu, p. v., Frederick co., Virff. : on a branch of Back cr. of Potomac r., 122 m. N. N. W. Richmond. It contains several mechanic shops and about 200 iuhabilanls. Gaines' Cnoss Roads, p. o., Rappahannock co., Virrj.: S4 m. N. N. "W. Richmond. Gaines' Landing, p. o., Chicot eo., ArK: : 134 m, S. E. Little Rock. Gainestown, p. v., Clark county, Ala. : 106 m. S. "W. Montgomery. Gainesville, p. v., Sumter co., Ala.: on the AV. side of Litlle Tombigbee r., at the mouth of Okanoxubec r., 112 in. W. N. W. Montgomery. The " Republican Pilot and Sen- tinel" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. about GOO. Gainesville, p. v., and cap. Greene co.. Ark. : about IT m. AV. of St. Francis r. and 137 m. N. E. Little Rock. It i3 situate in the midst of a fine prairie country, and has a court-house, jail, etc., and about 200 inhabitants. Gainesville, p. v., and cap. Uall co., Ga. : on the led side and 3 m. E. of Chattahoochee r., 92 m. N. N. TV'. Mil- ledgeville. It has a court-house, jail, etc., and has sever:U stores and mechanic shops, with about 3oO inliabitants. Gainesville, p. v., Hancock co., Miss. : 129 m. S. S. E. Jacksi^n. It is a flourishing village, and has a newspaper, the •• Pine Knot" (disunion), a weekly issue. Gainesville, t. and p. v., Wyoming co,, 2f. Y.: 2IS m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Allen's and other creeks of Genesee r. Surface undulating, sometimes hilly ; soil, clayey loam, and fertile, well adapted to grazing. Tlie v., in the centre, contains several stores and about 45 dwell- ings. Pop. of t. 2,663. The Buflalo and New York City R. R. crosses the t. in the N. E., 3S m. from Iloruellsville. Gainesville, p. v., AUan county. Si/.: 124 m. S.W Frankfurt. Galena, p. v., Floyd co., Ijid. : on a branch of Indian cr, 96 m. ». by E. Indianapolis. Galena, p. city, and cap. Jo Daviess co.. III.: on both sides of Fever (properly Feve or Bean, or, as some have it, l'\\Te, from a settler named Le Fevre) r., 6 m. from tho Mississippi r., and 183 m. N. by W. Springfield. It is the metr-ipolis of the great lead region of northern Illinois and the conmiercial depflt of an extensive and fine country, the river being navigable to this point for the largest river steamers at all seasons. Its trade extends to all the towns on the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. The two parte of the city (the most densely populated part being on tlie W. side of the river), are connected by bridges; it contains a court- house, jail, and other county buildings, several churches and schools, and has extensive manufactures, chiefly con- sisting of such as are incident to the peculiar business of the place. Large quantities of copper are also smelted here, and there are numerous flour and saw mills. In 1S51 it exported 33,032,190 lbs. of lead, valued at $I,417,S51, and among its otlier priiicipal exports were flour, 39,335 barrels ; barley, 42,731 bushels; pork, 3,1 S5 barrels; lard, 125,000 pounds; bacon, 312,568 pounds; butter, S7,61S pounds; eggs, 22,SS0 dozen; hides and skins, 9,326; horses, SOO; cattle, 1,500, etc., etc. It is also a great lumber market — in the same year it received 5,0S5,ftS4 feet lumber, 2,470,500 shingles, and limber and wood of other descriptions. Ga- lena has two daily papers, the " North- Western Gazette" (whig), and the "G. Jeffersonian" (dem.)— the first named has also tri-weekly and weekly issues, and the lattt-r a weekly edition. The city was first settled in ^2(5, and was then an outpost of the wilderness. 300 m. from the settle- ments. In 1S40 it had LB4;5 inhabitants, and in 1S50 its population numbered about 6.500, wilh a densely settled vicinity. The Galena Br.inch of the Illinois Central R. R. passes through the city, and the Galena and Chicago Union R. R., gives it access to the lake ports and roads leading I eastward. GAL GAL Galena, p. v., Delaware co., Ohio : on Big Walnut cr., 18 m. N. N. K. Ck)himbu9. Gales, p. v., Sullivan county, N. T. : 83 m. S. 8. W. Albany, GALjaBURGn, p. v., Knox co., lU. : 86 m. N. N. TV. Springfield. It is the seat of Knox College, founded in l&iiT, and which, in 1S50, had 5 professors, 25 alumni, and 49 students; and a library of 2,470 Toluraes. The v. con- tains sereral stores and about 600 inhabitants, and here are published two newspapers, the " G. News Letter" and the "North-Western Gazetteer," both weekly issues. The Cen- tral Military Track K, R. will here form a junction willi the Aurora Extension E. E. ; and the Peoria and Oquaka E. R. will intersect the former a little S. of the v.— these, togetlier, forming direct communication between Chicago and two points on the Mississippi river. Galesbuegh, p. v., Kalamazoo co., 3Uc7i. : on the N. side of Kalamazoo r., 52 m. 8. W. Lansing. It is a thriving v., and has numerous mills and stores. The Michigan Central E. E. intersects it 134 m. W. from Detroit. Gale's Feeet, p, o.. New London co,, Conn. Galesttlle. p. v., Washington co., A^ }'; about a mile S. of BattenkUl and 31 m. N. N. E. Albany. Galion, p. T., Crawford co,, 0?iio : on the W. branch of Whetstone r., 54 m. N. N. E. Columbus. It is a thriving viHage and an import^mt railroad station on the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. E.,79 m. from Cleveland and 170 m. from Cincinnati. Here also will be the E. terminus of the Eellcfontaine and Indiana E. E. Gallaghertille, p. v., Cliester co., Pe7i7K : on the line of the Rhiladelphia and Columbia E. E., 72 m. E. by S. from Ilarrisburg. Gallatta, p. v., Gallatin county, lU. : 162 m. S. S. E. Springfield. Gallatin county, III. Situate S. E., and contains 324 sq. m. Drained by Valine cr. and its tributaries. The Wa- bash and Ohio rivers bound it on the E., and above the mouth of the first mentioned there is a large island formed by the bifurcation of the stream. Surface undulating and chiefly prairie, with some swamps in the eastern section ; soil chiefly sandy, resting on slate: and there are severa! salt springs. Farms 570 ; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 1,000, and pop. — wh. 5,109, fr. col. 839— total 5,44S. Cajntal : Equality. PuMic Works: Alton and Nashville R. R. (projected). Gallatin county, Ey. Situate N. middle, and contains 152 sq. m. The Ohio r. makes its N. boundary, and Big Bone Lick on the N. E., and Eagle r., a branch of Ken- tucky r., on the S. W., its boundaries in these directions. Surface undulating, and on the Ohio hilly; soils, fertile, producing good crops of the grains and tobacco. In every part of county fine timber is plentiful. Farms 414; manuf. 11 ; dwell, 747, and pop.— wh. 4,309, fr. col. 34, si. 704— total 5,13T. €apit.al: Warsaw, Gallatin, p. v., Parke co., Ind. : on the S. side of Big Pidgeon cr., 56 m. W, 8. W. Indianapolis, It has numer- ous mills, and both up and down the stream mills of all descriptions are in full operation. Gallatin, p. v., and cap. Copiah co., Miss. : on the right side of Bayou Pierre r., 84 m. S. 8. W. Jackson. It has a court-house, etc., and about 400 inhabitants; and here is published the " G. Argus," a weekly newspaper. The country around is noted as a fine cotton growing region, Gallatin, p. v., and cap. Daviess co.. Mo.: on the W. side of and 1 m. from the W. fork of Grand r. of the Mis- souri, 187 m. N. W, Jefferson City. It has a court-house, etc., and about 300 inhabitants. Gallatin, p. v., and cap, Sumner co,, Tenn. : about 3 m. N. of Cumberland r,, 23 m. N. E. Nashville. It contains a court-house, etc., several churches, academies, and semin- aries, and about 1,200 inhabitants. A newspaper, the " Tenth Legion" (dem.), is issued weekly. Gallatin river, K W. Ter. : one of the head streams of the Missouri r., rising from the E. slope of the EocUy Mountains, near the sources of Yellow r. Its course is N., and uniting with Madison and Jeflbrson rivers, it constitutes the Missouri. Gallatinville, p. v., Columbia co., K K ; 42 m. S. by E. Albany. The t. of Gallatin is drained by Jansen's cr., is somewhat hilly, and has a soil of ordinary fertilitv; its pop. in 1S50 was 1,586. Galua county, Ohio. Situate S,, and contains 520 sq. m. Drained by Raccoon cr. and several smaller tribut^vries of the Ohio, which river washes its E. border. Surface gener- ally hilly and broken, and the soil, excepting that of the Ohio bottoms, of inferior quality. The county was settled in 1790 by Frenchmen, and hence its name. Farms 1.190; manuf, 9 ; dwell. 2.975, and pop.— wh. 15,305, fr. col. 1,19S— total 17,063. Capital: Gallipolis. Gaiua Fuenace, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio : 79 m. S. 8. E. Columbus. Gallilee, p, 0., Wayne co., Penn.: 122 m. N. E. Ilar- risburg. Originally a Moravian settlement, Gallipolis, p. v., and cap. Gallia co., Ohio: on the right bank of Ohio r., 88 m. 8. 8. E. Columbus. The v. is pleas- antly situate on a high bank, 10 or 12 feet above the great- est floods ; it contains a court-house, jail, 4 churches, mills and factories, numerous mechanic shops and stores; and among its dwellings are many handsome brick buildings. It has considerable river trade, and is a forwarding point for a great deal of produce. Its pop. in 1S50 was 1,686. Two newspapers arc published here, the "G. JoumaP* (whig), and the ''Gallia Courier" (neutral), both weekly issues. The v. dales from 1810: the t. was settled in 1791 by Frenchmen, many of whose descendants still reside here. Pop. oft. 2,226. Galloway, p. v., La Salle co., III. : on the S. W. side of Vermillion r. of the Illinois, 100 m. N. N. W. Springfield. Gallfpville. p, v., Schoharie co., K Y.: on a branch of Schoharie cr., 22 m. W, Albany. Gally Ceeek, p. o., Pope co.. Ark.: 76 m. W. N, W. Little Eock. Galum, p. 0., Perry co., III. : on a cr. so called, 114 m, S. Springfield. Galveston county, T(^, Situate 8. E., and contains 620 sq. m. This county consists of two portions— mainland and insular. The mainland portion lies on the W. sideofGalves- toji Bay, and is drained by Clear, Dickinson's, Higbhind, and other creeks running into it. The island of Galveston is 36 m. long and about 2 m. wide, and lies opposite the main, from which it is separated by West Bay. No portion of the surface is more than 20 feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico, and with tlje exception of several small groves of live oak, the whole is open prairie; soils a black mold, resting on a layer of sand and comminuted shells, indicat- ing the county to have been at no distant period the bed of the waters of the gulf. Farms 33; manuf. 33; dwell 727, and pop.— wh. 3,7S5, fr. col. 80, si. 714— total 4.529. Cap- ital: Galveston. Puhllc Works: Several railroads are projected which will make Galveston their seaward ter- minus. Galteston, p. city, port of entr>',and cap. Galveston co., T«r. : near the E. end of Galveston Island, 200 m. E. 8. E. Austin City. Lat. 29^ IG' 37" N., and 94° 49' 41" W. It is the commercial emporium of Texas, and has the best and least difficult harbor on the whole coast. The clearances for foreign ports in 1S50 were 9 vessels (2.924 tons), and the entrances, 10 vessels (2,9S7 tons). The tonnage of the dis- trict was 3,309 tons, of which 416 tons were registered, and 874 tons sailed by steam-power. The great bulk of its com- merce is coastwise with New Orleans and New York, and the former port is connected with it by regular steamship lines. Eailroads are now being built into the N. and N.W. interior, which will open up the country to settlement and a market The city contains the court-house, a jail, and other CO. buildings, several handsome churches, and many of tho dwellings are elegant structures. It has numerous waro GAL GAR houses, wholesalo and retail stores, and hotels; and here are publiehcd four newspapers, the " G, News" (neutral), and the ''Civilian and Gazette'' (dem.), tri-weekly issues; the " G. Journal'' (whig), a semi-weekly ; and the *' G. Zei- tung" (dem.), a weekly German paper. Galveston Island, on which the city stands, is about 36 m. long, with an av- erage width of 2 m. The soil is good, being a black mold, about a foot deep, resting on sand and shells, and it has several ponds of good water. The air is cool and refresh- ing, and hence it has become a summer resort for invalids. Immense beds of oysters are found near its W. shore, and large quantities of fish are caught on all sides; wild geese, teal, brant, and other birds flock here to winter. This island was formerly a resort for pirates : the celebrated Lafitte had a fort here, the ruins nf wliich are slill seen about 3 m. from its E. extremity on the W. shore. It is now in a state of ex- cellent cultivation, and the resiany. Drained by creeks flowing to the Mohawk and the Hudson. Surface undulating — in parts hilly; soil clayey loam, and well cultivated. The v. is a small central settle- ment. The t. has numerous manufacturing establishments, lulling mills, woolen factories, tanneries, and grist and saw mills; also several stores. Pop. 2,15S. Gambiek, p. v., Knox co., Ohio : on the IS. side of Vernon r.. 42 m. N. E. Columbus. It is situate on a high and level ridge, encompassed on three sides by the river. It was laid out in ls26 in the centre of a tract of 4.000 acres belonging to Kenyou College, and was named alter Lord Gambier, a prominent patron of that institution. It is now a flourishing, v., but still derives its importance from the College. The buildings of Kenyon College are four in number, the prin- cipal building being an elegant Gothic edifice, of hewn stone, 190 feet long and four stories high. It was founded in IS'26. by funds obtained in England, and is under the direction of the Episcopalians. In IS50 it had a president and five professors, 60 alumni, aud 50 students, and its library contained 7,000 volumes. The theological depart- ment was founded in 1S2S, and has four professors and a library of 4,S00 volumes. Here are published the " Western Episcopalian," a monthly religious periodical ; the " Phys- ico-MedJcal Journal," a semi-monthly, and the *• Universalist Advocate," also a semi-monthly. The population of the v. numbers between 400 and 500 souls. Gamble, p. o., Jefferson co., G(t. : 63 m. E. Milledgeville. Gamble's, p. c, Alleghany county, Penn.: 15S m, "W. Harrisburg. Ganges, p. o., Richland county, Ohio: on the S. side of Black Fork of Walhonding r., 74 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Ganseyookt, p. v., Saratoga county, N. Y. : 36 m. N. byE. Albany. It is a station on the Saratoga and Washington E.R. Gap, p. 0., Walker county, Ala. : 135 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. Gap, p. 0., Lancaster co., Paui. : at tiie E. fork of Mine Eidge, 51 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Gap Chtl, p. o., Ashe co., N. Car.: 132 m. W. by S. Ealeigh. Gap Cbeee, p. o., Knox co., Temi. : 168 m. E. Nashville. Gap Geote, p. o., Jo Daviess co., ///. ; 156 m. N. by W. Springfield. Gap Mills, p. c, Baltimore co,, JM. Gap Mills, p. o., Monroe co., H;*^. ; 1S7 m.W. Richmond. Garden Geove, p. o., Decatur co., la. : 126 m, W. 8. W. Iowa City. Garden Plais, p. o.,Whitesides co., UL : 14-3 m. N. by W. Springfield. Gardiner, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Ms. : on the W. side of Kennebec r., 12 m. S. by E. Augusta. The Cobbes- fiecontee waters here enters the Kennebec and produces a water-power of great usefulness and extent. The mills here in ooeration are numerous, and supply immense quantities of sawn lumber for export. The villnge lies ou the Kennebec, the site rising gently from the river, on the edge of which is the business portion. The '* Kennebec Transcript" is published semi-weekly. In the v. arc nu- merous well-built dwellings, a lyceum, several ohurchos, with stores, mechanic shops, etc. Large vessels come up to this point to load, and steamboats, plying on the river, call regularly. The Kennebec and Portland K. 11. passes through, touching the v. 7 m. from Augusta, and 53 trom Portland. Pop. in 1S40, 5.042; in 1S50, 6,4-86. Gardiner's bay, Ji. Y. : at the E. end of Long Island. It is a considerable body of water, of a somewhat circular shape, 8 m. in mean diameter, situate between the main- land and Gardiner's Island. Gardiner's island, Suffolk co., K. Y. : off" the E. end of Long Island, from which it is distant some 8 or 4 m. It is about 6 m. long, and averages 2 m. wide, forming the E. boundary of Gardiner's Bay. Gardiner's Point is a long neck of land, projecting N. This island was settled in 1639 by Lyon Gardiner, a Scotchman ; his descendants st'Ul own and occupy it. Gardjier, t. and p. v., Worcester county, Mass.: 50 m. W. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Miller's river, which affVird water-power. Surface uneven : soil of average quality. The v. is on the Vermont and Massachusetts R. R. There are considerable manufactures in the town. Popu- lation 1,422. Gardner, p. v., Morgan county, Ohio : G7 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Gardner's Bridge, p. o., Martin county, 2i\ Car. : 02 m. E. S. E. Raleigh. Gardner's Mills, p. o., St. Clair county, Mo.: 97 ra. W. S. W. JeffVTson City. Gaedner-sville, p. v., Schoharie co., iV". Y. : on Cobblo- skill or., 44 m. W. Albany. Garf.y'r Ferry, p. o., Duvall co., I'lor. : 126 m. E. by S. Tallahassee. Garland, t and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 63 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by the head branches of Kenduskeag r. Surface varied; soil fertile, and adapted to graiu. The v. lies in the centre. Pop. of 1. 1,200. Garland's, p. o., Albemarle co., Virff. : 72 m. W. X. W. Richmond. Garlan-dville. p. v., Jasper co., Mi^s. : at the head of Tallahala cr., 61 m. E. by S. Jackson. Garmon'6 Mills, p. o., Cabarras co., A' Car.: 104 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. Garner's Ford, p. c, Cleveland co., N. Car. : 159 m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. Garnetsville, p. v., Mead co., Kt/. : on the S. bank of the Ohio r., 67 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Garooa, p. v., Fulton co., A^. Y. : on Caroga cr. of M<>- hawk r., 46 ra. W. N. W. Albany. Garrard county, A';/. Situate centrally, and contains 312 sq. m. Drained by Paint Lick, Back, and Sugar creeks, and Dick's r., all aflluejits of Kentucky r., which makes its N. boundary. Snrfaee varied ; soil very fertile. The principal prnductions are corn and tobacco. Farms 666; manuf. 21; dwell. 1,285. and pop.— wh. 7,036, fr. cot. 25, si. 3,i:6— total 10.237. Ca/);^a^ .' Lancaster. Public Ilb/'A-*; Lexington and Huntsviile R. E. Garrattsville, p. v.. Otsego co., 2i^. Y : on a branch of TTnadilla r., 72 m. W. Albany. Garrettsbuegh, p. v., Christian co., Kt/. : ISO m.W. S. W. Frankfort Garrettstille, p. T., Portage co., Ohio : 132 m. N. K. Columbus. Garrettsttlle. p. v., Lycoming county, Ptmn.: S3 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. Garrison's, p. o., Putnam county, JV"! Y.: on the hno of the Uudson River R. R., 82 m. S. Albany. Garrison viLLE, p. v., Stafford county, Virg.: 59 m. N. Eiclimond. 289 GAR GEN Garky Owen, p. o., Jackson county, la.: 60 m. N. E. Iowa City. Garysbitroh, p. v., Northampton co., K. Car.: at the junction of the IV-tershurg R. K., and the Seaboard and Roanoke E. K., 74ni.N. E. Kaieiffh. Gaktsville, p. v., Prince George co., Ylrg.: on a cr. of James r., 37 ra. S. E. Richmond. Gasconade county, Mo. Bituate E. of centre, and con- tains 539 sq. m. Drained by Eourbeuse cr. Hal: Gatesville. Gates, t. and p. o., Monroe co., K Y. : 196 ra. W. N. W. Albany. The Genesee r. makes its E. border. Surface un- dulating ; soil gravelly, sandy, and clayey lonm. It is a flue farming district, and has several manufactures, mills, etc. The t. is traversed by the railroads and canals leaving Rochester westward. Pop 2,005. Gates, p. o., Newton co.. Mo. .* on the S. line of the co., 17S m. S. W. Jefferson City. Gate's Mills, p. v., Cuyahoga county, 0?iio: on Chagrin river, 133 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Gatesville, p. v., and cap. Gates co., y. Car.: on Ben- nett's cr. of Chowan r., 1 13 m. N. E. Raleigh. It contains a court-house, several mechanic shops, and about 150 inhab- itants. Gai'Let Bridge, p. v., Fayette co., Virg.: at the falls of Great Kanawha r., near the mouth of Gauley r., 213 m. W. N. W. Richmond. The river is here 500 feet wide, and has a perpendicular fall of 22 feet. Navigation here ceases. The V. has several flour and saw mills, stores, etc., and about 800 inhabitants. Gaulev river, Ylrg.: a tributary of Great Kanawha r. It rises from the Greenbrier Mountains, in Pocahontas co., &nd flows W. into Nicholas co., where it empties into the 240 Great Kanawha, a little abovt the falls. Its course is through a rich agricultural region. Gavers, p. 0., Columbiana co., Ohio. Gavhead, p. o., Greene co., N. Y. : 86 m. S.W. Albany. Gat niLL, p. 0., Washington county, Tea^ : 6S m. E. Austin City. Gaylersville, p. v., Cherokee co., Ala.: on a branch of Little Will's creek, of Coosa river, 136 m. N. N. E. Monlgomerj-. Gavlord's Bridge, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn.: on the Ilousatonic r. and R. R., 44 m. W. by 9. Hartford, and 42 m. fVom Bridgeport. Gaysville. p. v., Windsor co., Yerm.: on White r., 34 m. S. by W. Monlpelier. Gearsville, p. v., White county, Tenn. : S2 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Geacga county, Ohio. Situate N. E., and contiins 594 sq. m. Drained by the heads of Cuyahoga and Chagrin rivers, which empty through Lake county into Lake Erie. Surface diversified ; soils of good fertility, and timber abundant. Iron ore of a fine quality is found in this part of the State. Farms 1,006 ; manuf. 36; dwell. 3.240, and pop.— wh. 17,S27, fr. col. 0— tot-il 17,827. Copiial : Chardon. Gerhart's, p. o., Somerset county, Penn.: 117 m. W Ilarrisburg. Geddes. p. v., Onondaga co., N. Y. : at the S. W. end of Onondaga Lake, immediately AV. of Syracuse. The v. is chiefly engaged in the manufacture of salt, of which, for tho year ending 31st Dec., 1850, 259,448 bushels were produced, viz., 26,713 bushels coarse, and 232,710 bushels fine salt* Tho Syracuse and Oswego R. E., and the Syracuse and Rochester R. R. pass through the village. Pop. about 800, Geiger'b Mills, p. o., Berks county, Penn. : 62 m. E. Harrisburg. Genegantslet, P.O., Chenango county. A' Y: 105 m. W. S. W. Albany. General Wayne, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. Genesee county, Mich. Situate centrally, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by numerous branches of Flint r., which runs through the middle, and emptio* through Saginaw r. and bay into Lake Huron. Surface roiling; soil well adap- ted for grain and grass. On Flint r. very fine pine timber is abundant, and the county is well furnished with waters- power. rarms_l,255; manuf. 83; dwell. 2,257. and pop.— wh. 12.003 fr. col. 28— total 12.031. Capital: Flint. Genesee county, K Y. Situate W., and contains 473 sq. m. The surface level or gently undulating, and the soils chiefly sandy or gravelly loam, very fi,Ttile, and adapted equally to grass and to grain. Drained by Allen's, Black, and Tonawanda creeks. Iron ore, water-lime, and salt springs are found. Farms 2.574 : manuf. 199 ; dwell. 5,014^ and pop.— wh. 28,416, fr. col. 72— total 28,488. CapiUil: Batavia. Puhlic Works : Buffalo and Rochester R. R. ; Canandaigua and Niagara Falls R. R. ; Buffalo and New York City R. R. ; Buffalo and New York R. R.; Batavi.a and Attica Bnanch R. R. G KNESEE. f. and p. v., Genesee co., Mich. : 52 m. E. N. E. Lansing. Drained by Flint r. The v. is the seat of a U.S. land office. Pop. of t. 1,076. Genesee, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., Wise. : 57 m. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by affluents of Milwaukie r. The Mil- waukie and Mississippi R. R. passes through the town 23 m. W. from Milwaukie. Pop. 1,290. Genesee Fork, p. 0., Potter co., Penn.: 133 m. N. N.W. Ilarrisburg. Genesee Grote, p. o., Whitcsidcs co., III.: 143 m. N. Springfield. Genesee river, K. Y. : an aflluent of Lake Ontario. It rises in Potter co.. Penn., and passing into the State of New York, pursues a northeriy course to the lake. lis length is 145 m., of which 125 ra. are in New York. At Rochester, within a distance of 3 m., it descends by several falls and rapids 326 feet, affording an immense water-power. It is GEX GEO navignble 4 m. to Cartilage, anJ above Ihe falla is bou(al)lc fur 2t) ni. or more. The Genesee A'alley Canal follows llie course of this river, and is fed by it for a i^rcat distance. A railroad is also being constructed to follow in the same gen- eral direction, and Ihe valley is crossed at four points by railroads traversing in an east and west direction. In the t. of Portage, Alleghany co., arc three falls, one of CO, one ufOO, and one of 110 feet, within a space of two miles, and along the ri\cr. for three miles, are pcrpcn'Jicular walls of Btone. 400 feet high, to which depth it has worn a channel iu the solid rook. At this point it is crossed by one of iho most Bplemlid vJadurta in the Union, over which is carried the Buffalo an.I New York Cily K. K. The Yalley of the Gen- esee is the (inest wheat country in the States, and is now thickly settled and in a high state of cultivation. Gknfsko, pv., and cap. Henry co.. Ill,: on a cr. of Green r, 11G ni. N. N.^V. Springfield. It has a court-house, etc., and about 201) inhabitants. The Chicago and JRock Island li. K. will pass through this village. Genkseo, L, p. v., and cap. Linngston co., y. T. : 202 m. W. Albany. Situate between Genesee r. and Couesus Lake, and drained by creeks flowing into them. Siu-face terraced and furrowed tiy valleys ; soil rich and fertde. The village, on an elevated table, about 1 m. E. of Genesee r.. is well built, and h;i3 considerable trade. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., an academy (formerly Livingston County High gcliool). numerous mechanic shops and stores, and about l.TW inhabitants. The academy is a large three-stt>ry brick building. In this t. are situate the VTadsworth Farms, lo- cated on the broad alluvial flats of the Genesee, and noted for their fertility and superior cultivation. Two newsjtapers, the *• Livingston Kepublican'' (whig), and the '" Livingston Union" (whig), are issued weekly. Pop. of t. 2,95S. Genev,\, p. v., Coffee county, Aht. : on Pear., near its confluence with the Choctawhatchie river, 96 m. S. S. E. Montgomery. Geneva, p. v., Ontario co., 2v^. T. : on the N. W, comer of Seneca Lake, 159 m. W. by N. Albany. It is one of the most beautiful villages of the State. The principal street runs parallel with the lake shore at an elevation of 100 feet, and from many of its residences terraced gardens ex- tend to the banks of the lake. It has some manufactures, but is chiefly known as the seat of Geneva College and its Medical School. The College was founded in 1323, and had in IS-W 5 professors, 131 alumni, and 42 students, with a library of r>,400 volumes. The Medical Institute, a S1 Car. : on the W. side of Winyaw Bay, at the con- fluence of Sawpit cr., 106 m. S. E. Columbia. Lat. 33° 21' N., and long. 79^ 17' W. It contains a court-house, jail, 6 churches, a hu-ge number of .-stores and mechanic shops, and about 0,200 inhabitants. Two newspapers arc published here, the "Winyaw Observer" (deni.), semi-weekly, and the "True Republican" (dem.), weekly. Its harbor is deep enough for vessels drawing 11 feet water; and the rivers flowing into Winyaw Bay, ojien to the port an extensive and fertile back country. It has an extensive coasting trade, and regular steamers ply to and from Charleston and GEO GEO on the Great Pee Dee r. The entrances in 1550 fmni foreign countries were 2 vessels (297 tons), nnd the clearances to foreign countries 24 vessels (3,GS5 ton?). Tonnage of the district 2,779 tons, of which 1,749 was registered and 1,030 enrolled and Hcensed. Geohgetown, p. v., Burlington county, X. Jer. : 27 m. S. by E. Trenton. Geokgetows, p. v., and cap. Petlis co., Mo. : on Muddy cr. of Kivicre a la Mine, 61 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. It contains a court-liouse, etc., and about 200 inhabilant5. Georcetows, p. v., Lafayette co., Wise, : 52 m. S. W. Madison. Georgetown Cross Koads, p. c, Kent co., M>f. : 45 m. N. K. Annapolis. THE STATE OF GEORGIA. Georgia is bounded on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina; on the nortli-east by South Carolina, from which Savannah River divides it; on the east by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the south by Florida, and on the west Ijy Alabama- the Chattahoochee River being the western boundary f )r more than half its lengtli. It extends generally between lati- tudes 30^ 22' and 35° N., and longituiles S(P 4S' and 84° 41' W. from Greenwicli, or 3° 4G' and 7° .39' W. from "Washington. It5 greatest length from north lo south is 322 miles, and its greatest width from the east point of Tybee Island, at the mouth of Savannah River, to Florence, on Chaltahoochee Kiver, 224 miles; but from this point it gradually narrows northward, and on the parallel of 34° 40' does not measure more than 126 miles. The whole area of the State is 58,000 square miles. Ko State in the Tnion presents a richer field for the geologist than Georgia. "U'iih a territory embracing the southern extremity of the great Atlantic chains of mountains, extending across them to the north-west into the valley of the Mississippi, running to the south-west into the cretaceous slope of the Gulf of Mexico, and occupying along their east- ern base a wide belt of territorj-, it contains most of the important geological formations. Commencing at the Atlantic Ocean and spreading out from 100 to 150 miles to the west, an extensive plain of a teHiart/ formatioji rises from the level of the sea, and gradually swells up to the height of about 500 feet, at a line passing near the head of navigation of the rivers Savannah, Ogeechee, Oconee, and Ocmulgee, where it meets a prhnary formation. Between the Ocmulgee njid Flint rivers it leaves the pinmary formation to the right, and rests on the cretaceovs from a point nearly midway between Macon and Knoxville, by a line nmning in a south-west direction to another point between Fataula Creek and Fort Gaines, on the Chaltahoochee River. Bounded by the last mentioned line to the south-east, and by the southern edge of the pi^imary. as indicated by the heads of navigation in the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, the creUteemi^ formation extends from Alabama into Georgia, forming an acute triangle. The primari/, or non-fossiliferous, bounded on the east by the tertiarj* and cretaceous formations as described above, crosses the State from north-cast to south-west, with a width of 160 miles at the northern limit and of 100 miles at the southern. The Blue Ridge range of mountains passes near its western edge and forms the most elevated land of the State, varying in height from 1,200 to 4,000 feet. From this crest there is a gradual descent to the cast by a series of parallel and undulating ridges, until the tertiary plain is reached. On the west the descent is much more precipitous. The western boundary of the primary is not very accurately established, but is believed to be not far from a line running nearly north and south through the centre of Gilmer County, and continued in the same direction to near Canton, in Cass County, and thence to the western base of iJic AUatoona Mountain, on the Etowah River, where it turns to the south-west, and passing near Van Wert, in Paulding County, and along the northern base of the Dugdown Mountain to the Alabama line. The north-western part of the State, bounded to the east and south by the western limit of the primarj-, consists of a traimtion^ or older fossiliIerou3 formation, except the extreme north-west corner, where the carhoniferoua occurs. The coast is lined by a succession of low islands, intersected by numerous navigable channels, which afford good inland navigation all along the shore. They are generally separated from each other by wide bays or sounds, which bear their names and receive the waters of this section. The principal islands are Cabbage Island, Ossaba Island, St. Catharine's Island, Sapello Island, St. Simon's Island, Jekyll Island, Cumberlaml Island, etc. These are covered with rich plantations, and produce, as before stated, the long staple cotton called, from the place of its growth, sea-island cotton. Along the southern line of the State, between Ihc head branches of the Suwannee and the St. Marj's rivers, there is an extensive swamp, or series of swaraps, covered with a thick growth of bay-trees, vines, and underwood, and in the wet season presenting the appearance of a wide lake containing islands of rich highland. This swamp extends over the border into Florida, and bears the Indian name of "Okcfinoke." Several streams are lost in its morasses, and others, head waters of rivers flowing to the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, take their rise from within its limits. The great mineral region of Georgia is found in the primary and metamorphic formations of the spurs of the Alleghany Mountains. Through the northern portion of the State these pursue their course toward the south-west with eimitar features of parallelism and straightness peculiar to them further north; but their more broken character, the greater ruggedness of their outline, and the impetuous nature of their streams, testify to (lifTerent geological formations than the stratified shales and sandstones of which they are composed in Pennsylvania. It is in these oul-Iiers of the main ridge that the metamorphic slates and quartz rock are found, which are productive in gold ores ; and frequently in near proximity to these are deposits of hematite iron ores of extraordinarj' extent. In the gneiss, also, are found veins of magnetic iron ore of great purity, as at Cane Creek, near Dahlonega. Specular ores, too, Hke those of the Iron Mountain in Missouri, are foun*! in the vicinity of some of the hematite beds; and localities of the same ore are of frequent occurrence down tlie course of Chattahoochee River. Another range of them, of much greater consequence, is found in the AUatoona hills, ainng the Etowah River. Here the broad, shallow stream, obstructed in its course, fat's over ledges of rock, producing good water power. On each side are seen, projecting from the hills, ledges of rough silicious rock, in strata of various degrees of thickness, dipping to the south of east Beds of limestone are associated with these rocks and veins of sulphate of barytes, of great extent. On the south-easteni slope of this range of hills, talcosc and Hiica slates, hornblende slate, green stone, and quartz veins containing gold, more abound. Through deep cuttings in these rocks, in one place 90 feet deep, the Western and Atlantic Railroad passes. To the west and north-west an exten- sive limestone country commences, about four miles from the river. Nearly the whole of Cass County is formed of this rock, and it spreads out into Floyd and Murray counties. Iron ores are found on both sides of tiie Etowah River. To the south-west they extend into Paulding County, and in tlie other direction through Cherokee County to its north-west corner; and so far as explored their range is about 4ii miles, and their course about north-east and south-west. Thcsn ores, in their appearance and qualitv, resemble the best ores found in the Ilousatonic Vallev. Numerous furnaces have 243 GEORGIA. been eslablished m this region and are now in successful operation ; the vast water-power, the abundance of timber, the cheapness of living, and the beauty of the climate being highly favorable cliaracleriS'tics of the region. Georgia embraces every variety of soil, climate, and productions, "^'liile southern and middle Georgia are parched with heal, the more northerly climate among the mountains is moderate and even cold. The sky is of a deep blue, nor does a more lovely heaven smile upon Italy than tliat which favors this country. The cordon of isleta which border the Bea-coast has a light, sandy soil, but produces the finest staple, known to the world as sea-island cotton. In the south are the tide and swamp lands, producing immense crops of rice. The soil of this region varies as it is situated on the sea-shore or upon the large and small rivers. On the Savannah these Ianrmation you want, come anti institute the comparison if you wish, with any State you please; make your own selection: I shall not shrink from if, nor will the people of that State shrink from it. Other gentlemen from the South can speak fnr their own States — I speak only for mine. And in her name, and in her behalf, as one of her re^ipresenta fives upon this floor, I accept the gauntlet in a.'atcst monuments of the enterprise of the age, was built by the State. But her public debt is only a little over $l,sOn,utiiJ, while that of the State of New York is over !ti20,il()'i,0(i0, besides $U,tXiO,OUi) ojved by the city alone ; and the debt of Pennsylvania is $40,000,000. The bonds of the State of Georgia are held mastly by her own people. You do not see them liawked about in Northern or foreign markets at a depreciation. But they, as well as the stocks and securities of the private companies, are held mostly by her own citizens, and are commanding premiums at home.'' Georgia is divided into 94 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capital of each in 1S50. was as follows: CGiiQties. Dwell Pup. FaMUS in cull. Mam E.ui Cnjiital?. Cunties. Dwell. r„p. F-irnis in roll Mnn i '^»i"'»"- Appling .. . 410. . 2.949 . . 313. . 0. . Ilolmesville Franklin . . . l..'>46 . ll.f.13 . . 1,305 . 4 . CamesviUe Baker . 165. . S.1-20 . . 444. .12. . Newlon Gilmer ... . 1,396 . 8,440 . . 677. . 5 . Ellejay Baldwin . . . 647. . S.US . . 240 . . 3 . . MlLLEDGEVILLE Glinn . 145 . 4 933 . . 92 . . S . Brunswick Bibb . 1.2.S4 . . 12,699 . . 308 . .62. . Macon Gordon . . . . 801 . 6.984. . 419 . . Calhoun Bryan . 212. . 8.424 . . 209 . . 0. . Eden Greene . . . . 854. . 13,008 . . 512. .47. . Greensboro' Bullock... . 477. . 4.,S00 . . 412. . S . . Stalosboro' Gwinnett . 1,610 . . 11,2.'J7 . . 1,036 . . 26. . Lawrenceville Burke . 1,017 . . 16.1110 . . 712 . 41 . Waynesboro' Habersham 1,339 . . 8,S95. . 732. . 5. . Clarkesville Bulla . 642. . 6.4S3 . . 391 . . 14 . . Jackson Hall 1,300 . . 8,718 . . 697. . 0. . Gainesville Camden .. . 400 . . 6,319 . . 235 . . 5. . Jefferson Hancock . . . 761 . . 11.573 . . 444 . .20 . Sparta Campbell . . 920. . 7.232 . . 694. .IS. . Campbcllton Harris .1,175 . 14,721 . . 873. .73 . Hamilton Carroll ... 1.379 . . 9,357. . 782. . 16 . . Carrollton Heard . 724. . 6.923 . . 512 . . 5 . Franklin Cass 1.712 . . 1.3,300 . . 601 . . S. . Cassvilie Henry . 1.6S0 . . 14,726 . 1.003 . . 3. . M'Donough Chaliiam . 1.915 . 23,901 . . 132 . .13. . Savannah Houston .. 1,138 . . 16.450 . 750. .23. . Perry ChaUooga . . 869. . 6.?15. . 419. .10. . Summerville Irwin . 44S . . 3..334. . 414. . 0. . Irwinrille Cherokee . . 1,970 . . 12,800 . . 1,000 . . 5. . Canton .Tackson . . . . I,2il0 . . 9,763 . . 647. . 6 . Jefferson Clark . 1,024 . 11.119 . 400 . . 55 . . Athens Jasper S12. . 11,456 . . 538. .12. . Monticello Cobb 1.91S . . 1.3,84.3 . 931 . .10. . M.ariella Jefferson . . 765. . 9,131 . 533 . .43. . Louisville Columbia . . 7.51 . . 11,901 . . 4S9. . 7. . Appling Jones . 739. . 10,224 . 405. 15. . Clinton Cowela . , , . 1.8S2 . . 13.635 . . 911 . .52. . Newnan Laurens .. . 634. . 6,442. 823 . . 6. . Dublin Crawford . . 754. . 8,984. . 444. . 6. . KnoxviUe Lee . SSO . . 6,6.'i9. . 887. . 7. . Starkevillo Dade . 421. . 2,6S0 . . 235. . 4. . Trenlnn Liberty . . . 860. . 7.926. 244. . 4. . ITinesvillo Deoatur ... . 89S. . 8.262. 441 . . 2 . . Bainbridgo Lincoln ... 878 . 5,998 . 273. .13. , Lincolntoa Dc Kalb . . . 1.792 . 14,329 . 1.019 . .45. . Decatur Lowndes . . . 932. . 8,361 . . 649. 2 . . Trouprille Dooly . 962 . . 8.361 . . 663. . 8. . Drayton Lumpkin . 1.381 . . 8,9.54. . 593. . 0. . Dahlonega Karly . WG. . 7.246. 367 . . 11 . . Blakcly ilacon 679. . 7,062. 419 . . 0. . Lanier Kflinghara . .W5. . 8,864 . . 808 . . 0. . Spriniifleld Madieon... . 692. . 5,003. . 404. . 3. . Danielsvillo Klbert .... . 1.177 . . 12,969 . . 804 . .20. . Elberton Marion . . . 1,101 . . 10,280 . 663. 4. . T.izewcU Emanuel.. . 6115. . 4,577. . 511 . . 0. . Swainsboro' M-Intosh.. 2SS . . 6,023. 117. 10. , Darien Fayctio . . . . 1,196 . . 8,709 . . 818. . 6. . Fayeltevillo Merriwetherl.42S . . 16.476 . 824. 0. . Greenville Floyd.... . 866. . 6.205 . . 897. . 15. . Rome Monroe... 1.104 . . lO.OW . 740. 2. Forsyth Forsjth ... .1,3*1. S,S50. . 765. . S. . Cumming Monlg'men • 236. . 2,154 . 163. 0. Mount Vernon 245 GEORGIA. Counties. Dwtll. Pop. Morgan .. . 621 . . 10,744 . Murray .. . . 2.047 . . 14,483 . Muscogee . . 1,8S4 . . 18,578 . Newton . . . . 1,3T4 . . 13,296 . Oglethorpe . 819. . 12,259 . Paulding . . i.im . . T,039 . Pike 1,474 . . 14,305 . Pulaski... 701 . . 6,627. Putnam .. . 609. . 10,794 . Eabun — . 8S5. . 2,44S. Randolph . . 1,408 . . 12,SC3 . Kiehmond .1,556 . . 16,246 . Seriven . . . 607 . . 6,S47 . Stewart. . . 1,4.32 . . 16,027 . Sumter . . . 1,109 . . 10,323 . Talbot.... 1,324 . . 16,5:!4 . Farma in cult. 8.36 M»our. KBtab. .81 .. 1,034 681 812 .25.. .30.. .23.. 655 .13.. 422 .10.. 807 871 . 21 .. . 2.. 3.51 2S2. 930 .32.. . .. .38.. 272 .66.. 493 . .. 990 .36.. 763. 92S .34.. .46.. Capitals. Madison Spring Place Columbus Covin<;ton Lexin^rton Van Wert Zebnlon llawktnsviUo Eatonton Clayton Cutiibert Augusta ■Jacksonboro' Lum])kin Americus Talbotton Counties. Dwell. Taliaferro., Tatnall . . . . Telfair Thomas Troup Twiggs.... Union Tpson Walker 408. 434. 340. 838, 1,295 , 696, 1.141 , 795 1,807 . W.allon.... 1,191 . Ware 561 , Warren.... 1.135. Washington 1,077 , Wayne 1S2 , Wilkes.... 709. Wilkinson.. 9S-3 , Pop. 6,146 . 3,227 . 3.026 . 10,103 . 16,S79 . 8.179 . 7,234. 9,424 . 13,109 . 10,521 . 3,638 . 12,425. 11,766 . 1,499 . 12,107 . 8,212 . Farms in cult. 294 327 280 634 789 867 911 436 600 864 339 605 632 172 468 615 Manuf. — .. , Estab. Cap't'ils- . 16 , . Craw ford sville . 10 . . Eeidsviile . .. Jacksonville . 6 . . Thomasville . 8 . . Lagrange , . . . Marion . 3 . . Blairsville Tliomasion Lafayette . 56 . . Monroe . . . Waresboro* . 42 .. 'Warrcnton . 6 . . SandersvUIe , .. "Waynesvillc . 9 . . "Washington . 6..Irwintou .10. . 1. The ■whole number of dwellings in the State, at the above date, was 91.011, of families 91,471, and of inhabitants 905,999, viz., whites 521,433— males '266,096, and temales 255,342 ; free colored 2.SS0— males 1,36S, and females, 1,512 ; and slaves ySl,6Sl. Of the whole population, there were: deaf and dumb—vfh. 211, fr. col. 0, si. 41 ; hlind~vfh. 224, fr. col. 6, si. 80 ; insane — wh. 2S1, fr. col. 2, si. 23 ; and idiotic— wh. 476, fr. col. 3, si. 93. The number of free persons born in the United States was 517,995 ; the number of foreign birth was 5,907, and of birth unknown, 597 ; the n Mississippi 1S4, Loui- siana 42, Texas 28, Arkansas 25, Tennessee 8,211, Kentucky 458, Ohio -iG, Michigan 3, Indiana 50, Illinois 41, Missouri 60, Iowa 1, "Wisconsin 2, California 0, and the Territories ; and the/oreign population was composed of persons from — England 679, Ireland 3,202, Scotland 367, "Wales 13, Germany 947, France 177, Spain 13, Portugal 5, Belgium 41. Ilolland 11, Turkey 1, Italy 33, Austria 3, Switzerland 38, Russia S, Denmark 24, Norway 6, Sweden U, Prussia 25, Greece 1, Asia 2, Africa 13, British America IDS, Mexico 8, South America S, "West Indies 95, and other countries 58. The following table will exhibit the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by tbc United States authorities: Colorei] Peraona. Census. Wliitfi , Yt-nr. rer>«on3. Fr.-^. Slavt. ToUL , 52,SS6 39S.... 29,264.... 29,662.. , ll'1.6T8 1.019.... 59,404.... 60,423.. 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 , Total Population. .. 82,543 .... .. 162,101 .... . . 252,433 .... . . 340,987 .... Decetmial I ncrease. NumericaL FerceoL 79.553 .... ..90.4 90.832 .... .. 65.1 83.5,54 .... .. aM 175.836 .... .. 51.2 174.569 .... ..83.8 214.607.... ..31.0 , 145,414 lySlll .... 105,213 .... 107,019 .. . 1,S9„564 1,707 .... 149,656 .... 1.51,423 .. . 296,800 2,4S6 .... 217,531 ... 220,017 .... 616,823 .... . 407,095 2,753 .... 280,944 .... 283,697 .... 691,392 .... , 521,433 2,830 .... 381,681 .... 384,561 .... 905,999 .... The statistics of the indu.'^try and wealth of Georgia, as furnished by the census of 1S50, and othex ofiBcial returns referring to that year, are as follows ; Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved lands, 6,373,479 acres; and unimproTcd lands, 16,442,900 acres — ^valued in cash at $95,753,44.5. Number of farms under cultivation, 61,759. Value of farming implements aud machinery, $5,894,150. Livestock. — Horses, 151,331 ; asses and mules, 67,339 ; milch cows, 334,223 ; working oxen. 73,236 ; other cattle, 690,016; sheep, 660,4-35; and swine, 2,163,617— valued in the aggregate at $25,728,416. (In 1840 there were 167,540 horses, mules, etc. ; 834,414 neat cattle of all kinds ; 207,107 sheep, and 1,457,7.55 swine.) Grain (7/-o/)5.— Wheat, 1,0SS,,534 bushels ; rye, 53,750 bushels ; Indian corn, 30,080,090 bushels ; oats, 8,820,044 bushels ; barley, 11,501 bushels: and buckwheat, 250 bushels. (The crops of 1339-40 were — wheat, 1,301,330 bushels; barley, 12,979 bushels ; oats, 1,610,030 bushels ; rye, 60,603 bushels : buckwheat, 141 bushels ; and Indian corn, 20,905,122 bushels.) Ot>ier Crops.— Rice, 38,950,691 pounds; tobacco, 423,984 pounds ; ginned cotton, 800,901 bales of 400 pounds; peas .and beans, 1,142,011 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 227,379, and sweet, 6,936.428 bushels; h.ay, 23,449 tons; clover-sccd, 132, and other grass-seed, 428 bushels ; hops, 261 pounds ; hemp — dew-rotted, 0, and water-rotted. tons ; flax, 6,337 pounds : flax- seed, 622 bushels; maple sugar, 50 pounds; cane sugar, 1,644 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds; molas.ses, 216,150 gallons: wine, 796 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $92,776, and of market-garden products, $76,500. The annexed table compares the crops of the great staples in 1840 and 1350 : Staple.. 19^0. Cane .«ugar 329,744 pounds . Ginned Cotton 163,392,-396 " Tobacco 162,894 " Eice 12,.384,732 " IS.iO. . 1,644,000 pounds , . 120,360,400 " 423,9.»i " . 38,950,691 " Movement. . incr. 1.314,256 potmds, or 398.57 per cent. . (?<■«■. 4,3,031,996 " or 20.34 " . incr. 261.040 " or 160.25 " , incr. 26,565,959 " or 214.51 " Products ofAnimaU. — Wool, 990,019 pounds (in 1840, 371,303) : butter, 4,640,559 pounds, and cheese, 46,976 pounds ; and the value of animals slaughtered in the year had been $6,.339,762. Silk cocoons were produced to tlie amount of 813 pounds (in 1840, 2,992^); and beeswax and honey, to that of 732,514 pounds. Ilome-made mmm/actures for the year ending ,30th June, 1350, were valued at $1,333,963 (in 1840, $1,407,630). Momifact'Uretf. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $0,000,000 . ave- rage number of hands employed, 00,000— males, 00,000, and fcin.ales, 0.000 ; average mcnilhly costof labor— m.'de, $000,000, and female, $00,000; annual value of proilucts, $00,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments, pro- ducing to the value of $500 and upward in 1850, w.as 1,407, and of these 35 were collon factories, 8 woolen factories, 140 tanneries, and 10 iron establishments, of which 4 manufactured casting, 8 pig-iron, and 3 i^Tought iron. 246 GEOUGIA, Val.ie of Paw .Material. M.ile. Fern. ^laie. y.-fn.lle. Tni.8 Pn..l'ieetaincd. The direction of the Georgia railways is greneraljy between the seaboard and the interior; two lines, one from the port of Savannah and th^ other from that of Charleston, run south-west to a junction with the system of Tennessee railroads, terminating at Chat- tanooga, distant from the first-named place 433 miles, and f¥om the latter 4-iS miles ; and in their course give off several branches and connect with other railroads passing westward into Alabama, etc. Among the projected railroads tho most important are those from Savannah and Brunswick to the Flint Iliver and the seaports of Florida. Georgia has also two short canals: the Savannah and Ogeechee Canal, 16 miles long, and the Brunswick Canal, 13 miles long; the former extends from Savannah to the Ogeechee River, but is now unused, and the latter from Brunswick to (ho Alatamaha Iliver. The proportion of completed railroads to superficies in this State, in January, 1^53, was as 1 mile of road to every 67^ square miles, and to the population as 1 mile of road to every 1,055 persons. Baiils, €tc.~~la Peeember, 1850, there were in the State 11 banks and 10 brancli banks, and their condition in the aggregate was as follows: liaMlUies—cupUixl, $13,4S2.19S; circulation, $11,771,270; deposits, 5^3.035,080; due other banks, $3,035,&93, and other liabilities, |23,300 ; and assets— ionium and discounts, $-23,312,330 ; stocks, $963.(ill ; real estal*^, $83S.429; other investments, $236,205; due by other banks, $5.02(i,99s; notes of other banks, $810,895; specie funds, $306,909, and specie $2,218,223. The branch banks are branches of the Bank of the State of Georgia, the head-quartera of which is at Savannah. Government.— Gt'orgia's first constitution was made in 1777; a second in 17S5, and the one on -which the present government is based, in 17t)S. It lias subsequently undergone numerous amendments. Kvery citizen of the Stale, 21 years old, who has paid all taxes demanded for one year, and has resided in the county for six months next before an election, has the right to vote. The legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of n Senate and House of Kepresentatives, the members of both of which are elected biennially. Kepresenlalives (130 in number) must be 21 years old and have been citizens of the State three years and of the United States seven years next before the election; senators (47 in number) aro chosen in districts, and must be 24 years old, and have been citizens of the United States nine years. A census of the State is taken every seven years and representatives apportioned in accordance with its results. The Governor is chief executive: he must be 30 years old, and have been a citizen of the United States twelve years and of the Slate six years, and bo possessed of 500 acres of land, or $4,000 in other property above all debts. lie is elected for two years by a popular majoriiy vote, or in ease there be not a choice, then one of the two candidates having the highest number of votes shall be elected by joint ballot of the General Assembly. In case of the office becoming vacant, the ebair is fllled by the President of the Senate, and after him by the Speaker of the Ilouse. The governor may veto a bill, but two-thirds of both houses subsequently voting in favor of the rejected bill, makes it law nevertheless. The executive oflBcers of the government of the State are — a Secrctar}- of State, a State Treasurer, a Comptroller- general, a Sur\'eyor-general, and a State Librarian. The Keeper of the Penitentiary, Commissioner of the Deaf and Dumb, and State Printer, come under this head. The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Superior Courts, and courts of inferior jurisdiction. The Supreme Court, for the correction of errrors, consists of three judges, one of which is chief judge, elected by the General Assembly for such term as the law may provide, and are removable upon address of two-thirds of each bouse. The ju0 3 . 500 , $390,8111 , 12,(150 2,700 109,910 2,650 400 Denominn- No. . tions. ClHircl Jewish — Lutheran 8 I Cliurcl , 2,S25 Mennonite .. — — Methodist... 785 Moravian... 1 Presbyterian 92 . 233,143 75 . 39,996 K. Catholic.. 8 Swedenbo'n. — . 4,'2-^iO $- 34,S50 393,743 25 21S.S05 79,500 Denomin.v No. of Cln.rcl, v..l..e .,r Ijiiiis. Chutclies. .ICt.lll. lfn[.ert}. Tunkcr .... — .. — .. *- Uninn IG .. 7,250 . 21,100 Vnitiirian. .. — .. — . — L'nivcraulist. 3 .. 900 . 1,000 Minor Sects. T .. 1,375 . l,i;:i5 Total.... 1,723 .. 612,892.. $1,26U,159 , forms the Baptist . . . Cliristian. . Congregat'l . Dutch Uef.. Episcopal. . Free Friends German Uef Georgia is a diocese of ihe Protestant Episcopal Church, and wilh all Florida east of Appalachicola Bav Eoman Catholic diocese of Savannah. £}htcation.— The State of Georgia in 1S50 had 23 colleges or universities, 237 academies and high schools, and S22 commoa or primary schools. The chief collegiate institutions were, the University at Athens, founded in 17-^5, and in 1S50 had 3 professors, 646 alumni, of which 65 were in the ministry, and 155 students, and a library of l:>,6uil volumes; Oglethorpe College, founddl 1836, and located at Medway, had 6 professors, S3 alumni (13 ministers), 85 students, and a hbrary of 4,5(J0 volumes; Emory College, founded 1S37 at Oxford, and belonging to the Methodijits. had 5 professors, 133 alumni (16 ministers), 115 students, and 1,700 volumes; Mercer University, founded 1S3S at Peiifield, had 7 professors, 32 alumni (10 ministers), 71 studenL-, and 3,400 volumes; and Wesleyan Female College at Macon, foun.led ls;i9, had 8 professors, 156 alumni, and 19S students. The academies had 400 teachers and 14,296 students, and the common or primary schools 2,003 teachers and '24,0W schools. Pauperism and Crime.— The whole number of persons who received support from the public funds wiiliin the year ending 1st June, 1S50, was 1,036, of whom 973 were native t)om and 53 foreigners ; and the number of paupers at that date was 354—825 natives and 29 foreigners. Annual cost of support $27,820. The whole number of persons convicted of crime in the year ending as above was 31, of whom 23 were natives and 3 foreign born; and the whole number m prison at that date was 92. The State Penitentiary is located at Milledgeville. IIi.^torical Sketch.— Georgia was the last settled of the old States ; the Charter under which the colony was founded was granted in 1732 by George II.— in honor of whom it received its name — to the Trustees for the Establisiiing tlie Colony of Georgia. The double purpose of making the settlement was to relieve the distresses of the poor at home, and to secure the frontiers of the Carolinas from the Indians and Spaniards. In 1733 General Oglethorpe, one of the truslees. con- ducted the first colonists to the Savannah, and several bodies of Germans and Highlanders were soon after brought over. The lauds were held on a militarj^ tenure. The country was repeatedly traversed by the Spaniards from Florida, wlio considered the occupation of the English as an encroachment upon their domain. In 1752 the proprietary govL-riimmt was abolished, and Georgia became a royal colony. The original limits of the State included the territory now divided into the two thriving States of Alabama and Mississippi. At the eomraencement of the Ucvolutionary War, Georgia was only in the infancy of her strength, and had just begun to enjoy peace and the advantages of a better system of government. Tht- inliabiiants knew the operation of (he royal government only by its favorable contrast with that of the Trustees. Notwithstanding, the peojile did not hesitate to take pari with their northern brethren. During the war that ensued, Georgia was overrun by the British troops, and the priticipal Inhabitants were compelled to abandon their possessions and fly into the neighboring States. In proportion to their numbers, the exertions and losses of her citizens were as great as in any of the Slates. After the war Georgia suffered on her frontiers from the incursions of the Creek Indians, whose hostility had been too oflen provoked by the wliiles. In 1790 a treaty was concluded with this nation, by which the boundaries of Georgia were established. In 1S02 the Creeks ceded to the United States a large tract of country, which has since been ceded by the United States to Georgia, and forms the south-west corner of the State. Georgia possessed — as included within her liuiit3_a claim to an immense bo4 m. S. E. Lans- ing. The harbor is good and baa a light-house. The Gibraltar and Clinton Canal, terminating here, has never been finished, but affords a good head of water for manu- facturing purposes. The v. is small and not progressive. Gibson county, Iiid, Situate S. W., and contains 513 sq. m. Drained by the Patoka and other streams. The Wabash lies on its W. and White r. on its N. border. Sur- face agreeably undulating and generally well timbered ; soil, loam and sand, and very productive. Farms 1.220; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,833, and pop.— wh. 10.554, fr. col. 217— total 10.771. CajnUd: Princeton. PiiUio Works: "Wa- bash and Erie Canal, and EvansvHle and Illinois R. E. Gibson, t. and p. o., Susquehannab co., Penn. : 123 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Tunkhannoc and Lack- awannoc creeks. Surface hilly ; soil clay and gravel. It is almost wholly agricultural, and contains 1.344 inhabitants. Gibson, p. v., Pike co., Ohio: 61 m. S. Columbus. Gibson, p. v., Steuben county, Al Y. : 1S4 m. W. by S. Albany. Gibson's Wells, p. c, Gibson county, Tenn. : 123 m. W. by S. Nashville. GiBsoN^TLLE, p. T., Livingston county, K Y. : 213 ra. W. by N. Albany, Gidley's Station, p. o., Jackson county, Mich. : 35 m. S. by E. Lansing. Gilberts BOROUGH, p. v., Limestone co., Ala.: 176 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Gilbert's Mills, p. o., Oswego county, Al Y. : 143 ni. W. N. W. Albany. Gilbertsville, p. v., Otsego co., A^ K ; on a branch of Unadilla r, 81 m. W. by 8. Albany. GiLBOA, t. and p. v., Schoharie co., A^ F! .* 38 ra. W. S.W. Albany. Drained by Schoharie cr. ard its branches. Sur- face varied— in the W. billy ; soil rich and fertile. The v. is located on Schoharie cr., and has several manufactures, mills, etc., and about 300 inhabitants. Blenheim is also a V. in this town. Pop. 3,024. GiLBOA, p. v., Putnam co., Ohio : on the N. side of Blanchard's fork of Auglaize r., 87 m. N. W. Columbus. GiLBOA, p. o., Louisa co., Yirg. : 53 m. N. W. Eichmond. Gilchrist's Bridge, p. o., Marion dist., S. Car: 93 m. E. Columbia. GiLciTRiSTviLLE, p. V., DauphiH CO., Penn. Gilder, p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car.: 112 m. N. W. Columbia. GiLEAD, p. o., Ijpshur county, Tex. : 24S m. N. E. Austin City. GiLEAD, t. and p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 59 m. W. Augusta. Drained by Androscoggin r., which runs from W. to E. through it. Surface rough and billy, and except on the river, fit only for grazing. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence E. E. traverses the S. bank of the Androscoggin. P. 359. GiLEAD, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : 16 m. E. S. E. Hartford. GiLEAD, p. v., Miami co., Ind. : 89 m. N. Indianapolis. GiLEAD, p. v., Calhoun co., Jll.: on the E. side of the Mississippi, at the foot of the Blufl's, which are here about 2 m. back from the river, 71 nL S. W. Springfield. GiLEAD, t. and p. o., Branch co., Mich. : 71 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Prairie and Fawn rlvera of the St. GIL GLA Joseph's. Surface diversified; soil fertile and deep mold. It is one of the best farming sections of tlie State. P. 503. GiLEAD, sta., Morrow co., Ohio: a station on the line of the Cleveland, Columhus, and Cincinnati It. K.,43 m. from Columbus. GiLEAiJ, p. v., Wood CO., Ohio : on the S. side of Maiimee river, opposite Providence, lOS m. N. W. Columbus. Giles county, Virg. Situate S. "VV., and contains BS4 sq. ni. Drained by Sinking, IJig and Little Stony, Walker's and Wolf creeks, branches of New r., a head of Kauawlia, and by heads of the James r. It is very elevated, baing 2,000 feet above the ocean. Surface much broken, and in parts stony ; soil on the numerous streams very rich. It is celebrated for its White and Grey Sulphur Springs. The grains are raised liberally, and tobacco and sugar to some extent. Farms 539 ; manuf. ; dwell. 919, and pop. — wh. 5,859. fr. col. 54, si. 657— toUil 6,570. Capital: Giles Court-house (Pari:^burg). Giles Couut-House, p. o., and cap. Giles co., Virg. : in tlie v. of I'arisburg, on the left bank of New river, 182 m. W. by S. liichmond. Immediately below the village the ri\er passes through a gap of Peter's Mountain, a branch of the Great Alleghany Mountains. Gilford, t, p. v., and cap. Belknap co., j\' Uamp. : 26 m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Gun-stock and Miles rivers, and the heads of Suncook r. Wiunipiseogee Lake lies on its N. border, and on the S. E. part of the L is Sun- ctiok Mountain. There are seven islands in the lake be- longing to Gilford. The soil is generally productive and well cultivated. In the t. there are many mills and facto- ries, chiefly of cotton goods. Pop. 2,425. The Boston. Concord, and Montreal K. P. passes through the E. part of the town. Gilford Village, p. v., Belknap co., K. ITamp.: at the outlet of Winnipiseogee Lake, 25 ra. N. by E. Concord. It is a pleasant and thriving village. Gill, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Mmis. : 97 m. W. by N. Boston. The Connecticut r. forms iU E. and S. boundaries, and along its banks are extensive meadows. Fall r., on the W.. diviiles the t. from Greenfield. Surface mountainous, but generally fertile, and the people are chiefly engaged in farniiug. It has, however, several small manufactories. Pop. r.M, Gilleland Creek, p. o., Travis co., Tea*. : on a creek of Eio Colorado so called, 16 m. E. S. E. Austin City. Gillespie county, Teo", Situate centrally, and contains about 2,200 sq. m. Drained by Sandy cr., Pedernales r.. and nio Llano, affluents to the Colorado, which parses ils N. E. corner. Surface much diversified — parts hilly and rough, but most of it rolling or level ; soil fertile, and well ailaj)led to grain and pasturage. Farms 40; manuf. 7; dwell. 274, and pop.— wh. 1,235, fr. col. 0, si. 5— total 2,240. Capital : Fredericksburg. GiLi.ESPiEviLLE, p. V., Koss countv, Ohio: 49 m. S. Columbus. Gill Hall, p. o., Alleghany county, Penii.: 171 in. W. Ilarrisburg. Gili.ion"s. p. o., Baker county, Gn. : on the E. side of a branch of lehawaynochawaycr., 131 m. S.W. Milledgoville. GiLLioNsviLLE, p. v., Bcaufort dist., S. Car. : 120 m. S. Columbia. Gill's Mills, p. o., Bath co.. Kij. : 73 m. E. Frankfort. Gill's Store, p. o., Lincoln county, Teim. : 72 m. S. Nashville. GiLL.svn.LE,p. v., Hall county, Ga. : on Hudson's Fork of Broad r., 93 m. N. N. W. Mille.lgeville. GiLMAS, t. and p. o., Hamilton co.,y.Y. : 72 m.N.N.W. Albany. This is a lon^, narrow township, extending N. from Saeandaga r, nearly 40 m. It has a number of lakes and streams, which afford fine water-power. The surface is diversified— In the N. hilly, and most of it is yet a wil- derness. T'op. im, Gu^ANTON, t. and p. o., Belknap co., A'. Ilamp. : 19 m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Suncmik and Soucixjfc rivers. Surface hilly; soil generally fertile. It is the seat of a flourishing academy, to which is attached " Gilmauton Theological Seminary." This seminary, founded in l'>:i5, had in 1S50 3 professors, 23 students, and 69 had completed their educational courses. The library contains 4,3C(0 vols. Pop. oft. 8,282. GiLMANTows IiioN- Works, p. v., Belknap county, ,V. I/iimp. : on a branch of Suncook river, 17 ni. N. N. K. Concord. Gilmer county, Ga. Situateon N. line, and contains 79-3 sq. m. Drained by Tocco r., an aifluont of Tennessee r., an«l Coosawattee, a head of Alabama r. Surface elevated and broken; soil good and well watered. Cotton, corn, wheat, and tobacco are the staples. Farms 577 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 1,396, and pop.— wh. S,236, fr. col. 4, si. 200— total S,440. Cipital: Ellijay. GiLMEK coimty, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 644 sq. ra. Drained by Little Kanawha r. and its numerous allluents. Surface diversified; soils good. Coal and salt springs are abundant in this portion of the State, and add much to the resources of the inhabitants. The cereals are likewise successfully cultivated. Farms S2."i ; manuf. 2; dwell. 571, and pop. — wh. 8,403, fr. col. u, si. 72— total 3,475. Capital: Glenville. Gilmer, p. v., Lake eo., III. : equidistant between Fox and Desplaines rivers, 1S6 m. N. E. Springfii-M. It standi on a fine elevated prairie, interspersed with groves of hand- some timber. Gilmer, p. o., and cap. Tpshur co., Tex. : on an upper branch of Little Cypress r., 153 ra. N. E. Austin City. Gilmer's Store, p. o., Guilford county, N. Car. : &3 ni. W. N. W. Kaleigh. GiLOPOLis, p. v., Eobeson county, A^ Citr.: 112 m. S. Raleigh. Gii^tTM, t. and p. v., Cheshire co., y. Ilainp.: 39 in. W. S. W. Concord. Drained by Ashuelot r., which fur- nishes water-power. The v. on the N. side oflhe river has considerable manufactures. Pop. oft. GG6. Ginger Hill, p. o., Washington co., Penn. : 1ST m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Ginseng, p. o., Wyoming county, Virg. : 246 m.W. by N. Richmond. Gis Town, p. v., Irwin county, Ga.: 117 m. S. by W. Milledgeville. GiRARD, p. v., Russell CO., Ala. : on the W. side of Chat- tahoochee r., and opposite Columbus, 70 ra. E. Montgomery A railroad, in continuation of the Muscogee It. R. of Georgia, is i)rojected from this point to Mobile. GiRAED, t. and p. v., Branch co., Mich. : 53 ra. S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Hog r. of the St. Joseph's, and there are several small lakes in the town. Surface level ; soil rich. The village lies centrally on the S. side of the river, and is a small agricultural settlement. Pop. oft. 934. GiEARn, p. v., Burke co., Ga. : 79 m. E. Milledgeville. GiRARP, p. T., Trumbull county, Ohio: 143 m. X. E. Columbus. GiRARD, t. and p. v., Erie county, Penn.: 221 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by creeks of Lake Erie. Surface diversified ; soils fertile. Lake Erie bounds it on the N. The v. lies on the line of the Franklin Canal Company's R. R., 15 m. W. S. W. Erie, and the North Braneh Canal crosses tho township. Pop. oft. 2,91S. Gladdes's Geovk, p. o., Fairfield dist., S. Car. : 37 m. N. Columbia. Glade Hill, p. o., Franklin co., Virg. : 146 m. W. S.W. Richmond. Glade Mills, p. o., Butler co., Pen7i.: 173 m. W. N". W. Ilarrisburg. Glade Mints, p. o.. Hall co., Ga. : 106 m. N. N. W. Milledgevill.-. Glade Run, p. o., Armstrong co., Penn. : 156 m.W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. 2S1 GLA GlADE SpniXG, p. o., Harrison co., Ttx.: 172 ni. X. E. Austin City. Glades Cnoss Eoads, p. o., Putnam co., Ga. : on a branch of Little r., 21) m. N. W. Millcdgcville. GtADE SpmsG. p. o., Wasliington co., Tirg. : on a cr. of Middle Fork of llolston r., 246 ra. W. S. W. r.ielimond. The Viririnia and Tennessee K. E. will pass this point. Gi.ADEviLLE, p. v., Preston co., Tii-ff. : 173 m. N. W. Eichmond. Gladwi.v county, MieTi. Situate N. centrally of Lower Peninsula, and contains 676 sq. m. Drained by TilUba- w.assee r., on affluent of Saginaw r. Surface level or undu- lating ; soil heavily timbered in part ; the rest adapted to grass and grain — a good farming region. Set off since the year 1S60. Gladv Ceeek, p. 0., Randolph co., Tliv. : 16S m. N. W. Eichmond. Glasco. p. v., Ulster Co., JK 3'. ; on the W. side of Hudson river, 43 m. S. by W. Albany. Esopus cr. empties itself 3 m. to Ute N. It has a good landing, and is noted for th ■ ex- tent of its brick-yards. Pop. about 850. Glasgow, p. v.. Newcastle co., 7>r?. ; on Christian cr., 82 m. N. by W. Dover. The Newcastle and Frenchtown E. E. passes through it 11 m. from Newcastle. Glasgow, p. v., and cap. Barren county, Ki/. : a short distance E. of Beaver Branch of Big Barren r., 97 m. 8. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, etc.. and about 20IJ inlialiilants. The line of the Nashville and Lexington K. P.., as projected, will pass through the village. Glasgow, p. v., Scott co., lU. : 46 m. W. S. W. Springfield. Glasgow, p. v., Jefferson county, la. : on a cr. of Big Cedar er., 58 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Glasgow, p. v., Howard CO., Mo. : on the left bank of Missouri r., 6S m. N. W. Jefferson City. It is a thriving v., and has considerable river trade. Two newspapers, the '•Howard County Banner," and the "O. 'Weekly Times," are published here. Pop. about 1,600. Glasgow, p. v., Columbiana Co., Ohio: 136 m. E. N. E. Columbus. GLAssnoEoncn. p. v., Gloucester county, A\ Jer. : 4.3 m. S. by W. Trenton. It has several glass-houses and stores, and about 150 inhabitants. Glass Ckeek, p. o., Barry co., Midi.: 43 m. W. S. yf. Lansing. Glass Village, p. v., Conway co.. Art. : on the Vi'. side of Port Eemove cr., 52 m. N. W. Little Kock. Glastesburt, t. and p. v., Hartford co.. Conn.: 8 m. S. Hartford. Drained by creeks falling into Connecticut r., which makes its E. boundary. Surface rough ; soil fertile. The V. on Eoariog Brook, about 2 m. from Connecticut r., is engaged in manufactures. Pop. of t, 3,399. Glen, t. and p. o., Montgomery CO., y. Y. : 86 m.W. N.W. Albany. Drained by Schoharie and other creeks of Mo- hawk r., which latter forms its N. boundary. Surface hilly ; soil clayey loam. The Eric Canal traverses the Mohawk Valley, on which are the villages of FulUmviUe and Aurics- Tillc. Pop. of t. 8.043. Gles, p. o., M'Kean Co., Pmn. : 144 m. N.W. Ilarrisburg. Glexalta, p. o., Marion county, Ga.: 100 in. W. S. Vf. Millcdgcville. From this point streams flow in E., and S., and Vt. directions. Glen Brook, p. o., Hartco., Ky. : SI m. S.TV. Frankfort. Glenbukn, t. and p. o., Penob.scot co.. Me. : 65 m. N. K. Augusta. Drained by Kenduskeag stream, which also affords water-power. The v. is hxated on the borders of a large pond on the E. border of the town. Population of town, 9 5. Glencoe, p. v., Gallatin county, Ay. .■ 42 m. N. by E. Frankfort. , „ _ Glescoe, p. T., Bolivar co., Mhs. : 112 m. N. N. W. Jackson. Glen Cove, p. v.. Queens Co., X. T. : at the head of Glen Cove an arm of Hempstead Harbor. 113 m. S. Albany. It 252 GLO is a pleasant village, and is much resorted to in s\immer by the citizens of New York, with which it is connected by regular .steamboats. Glenuale, p. v., Berkshire CO., 3fa«s.: on the W. bank of the llousatonic r., where it is crossed by the llousatonie E. E., 118 m. Vf. Boston. Glen Dale, p. o., Muscatine co., la. : 33 m. E. S. E. Iowa City. Glenfixlas, p. v., Jefferson CO., .Vi>. : on the right bank of Big r. of the Maramec, SS m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. Glexham, p. v., Duchess CO., A'. Y. : on Fishkillcr., about 8 m. from Hudson r., 73 m. S. Albany. This is a thriving village, chiefly engaged in the manufacture of iron, wool, etc., and containing about SOO inhabitants. It has immense water-power. Glen Hope, p. o., Clcarfleld Co., Perm. : 102 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Glexmobe,p. v., Oneida CO., y. Y. Glenmoee, p. o., Buckingham county, Viri/. : 61 m. W. Eichmond. Glexn Gkotk, p. o., Fayeltc co., Ga.: S3 m. W. N. W. Milledgeville. Glenn Mills, p. o., Culpepper co., rirff. : 73 m. N. N. W. Eichmond. Glenn's, p. 0., Gloucester CO., Virff. : 69 m. E. Eichmond. Glenn's, p. o., Clark county, la. : 128 m. Vf. S. Vf. Iowa City. Glenn's Fall!?, p. v., Warren Co., If. Y.: on the left bank of the Hudson r., 41 m. N. Albany. This is a great manufacturing v., and contains mills of all descriptions, furnaces, tanneries, etc., and about ■i,500 inhabilanLs. Two newsp.apers, the "G.F.Clarion" (whig1, and the "G. F. Eepubliean" (dem.), are issued weekly. The falls at this place have a total descent of 50 feet, and afford extensive water-power, by which a vast amount of machinery is moved. Abridge. 500 feet long, crosses the Hudson. Tho feeder of the Clramplain Canal affords a navigable commu- nication with the canal. Glenn Springs, p. v., Spartanburgh dist., S. Cai: : on Fair Forest cr., 7S m. N. Vf. Columbia. Glesnville, p. v., Barbour co., Ahi. : on Cowikce cr. of Chattahoochee r., 69 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. Glen Eock, p. o., York Co., Penn. Glenville, t. and p. o., Schenectady eo.. X. Y. : 22 m. N. W. .Vlbany. Drained by tributaries of Mohawk r.. which is its S. boundarv-. Delplass er. crosses the K. part of the t., and falls into the Mohawk. The v. contains about twenty dwellings. The industry of the t. is chiefly devoted to agri- culture. Pop. 8,409. The Utica and Schenectady E. E., and the Saratoga and Schenectady E. E., traverse the Mo- hawk Valley through this town. LEN\nLLE, p. v., Fairfield county, Conn. ; 64 m. S. W. Hartford. Glenville, p. v., and cap. Gilmer county. Virg. : on tho S. side of Little Kanawha r., 20S m. W. N. Vf. Eichmond. Glen Vf ald, p. c, Sullivan county, X. Y. : SO m. S. S.Vf. Albany. Glexwood, p. T., Erie co., X. Y. : 243 m.W. Albany. Globe, p. o., Caldwell co., X. Car. : 1«9 m. VI. by N. Ealeigh. Globe, p. o., .Johnson eo.. Mo. : 97 m. Vf. Jefferson City. Gloucester county, -V. Jer. Situate S. W., and contains 237 sq. m. Drained by Great Egg Harbor r, flowing into tho Atlantic, Maurice r, fiowing into Delaware Bay. and affluents of Delaware r, which lies on the W. Surface even: soil on the Delaware productive, and under lino cultivation, largely supplying I'hiladi-lphia with fruit ami vi'gctables ; in the interior sandy, but well wimdeil wiih pine timber. Corn, rye, and lumber arc leading exports. Farms 9,'>4 ; manuf. 141 : dwell. i!.600. and pop._wh. l.=).(i.35- fr. col. 620— total 15.655. Capital: Woodbury. Publio Wo t0. si. 5,557— total 10,527. Capital : Gloucester C II. Gloucester, t. and p. v., Providence co., ^. /. ; 14 m. W. N. "SV. Providence. Drained by Chcpachet and Paw- liivcl rivers, which have good water-power. Surface uneven and rough ; soil of average fertility, but best adapted to grazing. The t. has considerable manufactures, and Chepachet, on the river so called, is a village of some celcl)rity for its productions. Pop. oft. 2,S64. (Jloucester, I., p. v., and port tif entry, Essex co., Mass.: 27 m. N. by E. Boston. This is a maritime town, occupying the greater portion of Cape Ann, the N. boundary of Massa- chusetts Bay, aud the inhabitants are chiefly employed in navigation, commerce, and the fisheries. It has a fine har- bor, opt-n at all seasons, and accessible to vessels of great burden. Lat. 42^ 36' 44" N., and long. 70° 40' 19" W. The harbor and principal settlement lies on the S. side of the peninsula. Sandy and Squam bays lie on the N. side, and afTonl harbors for small vessels. On Thrasher's Island are two light-houses. Gloucester has three newspapers, the " G. News" (indep.). and the " G. Telegraph" (whig), issued semi- weekly, and the '* Cape Ann Light" (whig), issued weekly. Pop. of t. 7,S05. The statistics of the foreign commerce of ihe district, of which Gloucester is port of entry, for the year cn/*ki. ; 35 m. N". N. E. Montpelicr. Drained by head branches of Black and Bar- ton's rivers, flowing X. ; of Passumsie r.. flowing E.. and of Lamoille r., flowing W. It lies on an elevated watershed. Surface hilly, and soil indifferent. Husbandry and agricul- ture are the chief occupations of the inhabitants. Pop. 1,137. Glovesville, p. v., Fulton co., K. Y. : 42 m. N. W. Albany. It contains extensive manufactures of buckskin gloves, mittens, moccasins, etc., and hence its appellative. Population about 400. Glvmont. p. v., Charles co., Md. : on the Potomac r., 8 m. below Fort Washington, and 4S m. S. "W. Annapolis. Gltmphvhlle, p. V. Newberry dist., S. Oar. : 47 m. N.W. Columbia. Glynn county, Ga. Situate S. E. on the Atlantic, and contains 389 sq. m. Drained by Turtle r., Santilla r., which bounds its., and afllvienls of Al.itamaha r., which bounds it N. St Simon's and Jykill islands belong to it. Surface low and level; soil fertile, and bears the best of cotton and rice. The islands produce the Sea Island cotton, so much valued, and the marshes an immense amount of rice. Farms 92; manuf. S; dwell. 145, and pop.— wh. 093, fr. col. 3, si. 4,232— total 4,933. Capital ; Brunswick. GNADENuurrEs, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: on the E. bank of Tuscarawas r., S5 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Tlw Central Ohio K. R. will pass through the village. It was originally settled by the United Brethren, and contains a Moravian Church, several stores and mdls, and about 260 inhabitants. Goat (or Iris) bland, A^ Y. : lies in the Niagara r. at the Great Falls, the waters of which divide as they descend over the ledge into the abyss below. This island is ap- proached from the American side by a bridge. Its extent is about G5 acres, and ils periphery about a mile. It is stil! well timbered. The lower end of the island is a perpen- dicular bank of from 80 to 100 feet; thence to the water's edge, below the Falls, a sloping descent of about 100 feet more. From points on this part of the island, l>olh the Falls are seen to advantage. Uere has been erected a tow- er called Prospect Tower, with an observatory on the top, and a stair-case near by to descend to the water's edge. GoPBULD, p. o., "U'ashita county, Ark. : &>> m. S. S. W. Little liock. GoDDAED, p. v., Rush countj, In0 inhabitants. In the vicinity there are several mineral springs. GoLcoNDA, p. v., and cap. Pope co., III. : at the entrance of Lusk's cr. into Ohio r., 177 m. S. S. E. Springfield, It contiiins a brick court-house, etc., several stores, and about 300 inhabitants^. Golden Gro-\'E, p. o., Greenville dist., 51 Om\ : on the E. side of Saluda r.. 103 m. "W. N. "W. Columbia, or by tho route of the Greenville and Columbia P. P., which passes through it, 130 m. from Columbia. GoLDEX Hill, p. o., Dorchester co., Ml : 43 ra, S. E. Annapolis. Golpen Hill, p. o-iWyoming co., Penn. : 97 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Golden Hill, p. o., Chambers co., Ala. : 53 m. E. N. E. Montgomery. Golden Lake, p. o.. "Waukesha co., Wise: 56 m. E. Madison. Golden Pond, p. o., Trigg co., A>. ; 197 m. VT. S. W. Frankfort. GoLDEN's BniDGH, p. V., "Westchestcf co., X. Y.: 98 m, S. by K. Albany. 268 GOL Golden Speings, p, o., Anderson dist., S. Car. : on the W. side of Saluda r., 2 m. above Golden Grove, and 105 m. W. N. W. Columbia. Golden- Valley, p. o., Euthcrford Co., 2f. Car. : 216 m. W. S. Vf. Ealeigb. Gold Hill, p. o., Meriwether county, Ga. : 94 m. W. Miliedgeville. Gold Hill, p. o., Eowan CO., X. Car. : 106 m. W. Ealeigh. Gold Mike, p. o., Marion CO., Ala.: 153 m. N. W. Montgomery. Gold Mlxe, p. o., Chesterfield dist, S Car. : on the E. side of Lynch's cr., 62 E. N. E. Columbia. Gold Eegion, p. o., Moore CO., 2f. Car. : 53 m. S. W. Ealeigh. GoLDSBOBoroH, p. V., Wayne co.. If. Car. : on the N. side, and about 2 m. from Neuse r., 61 m. S. E. Ealeigh. It is a considerable v., with a good trade, and has two peri- odicals, the "North Carolina Telegraph" (whig), and the '■ Tatriof (dem.), both weekly issues. It is an important station on the line of the Wilmington and Wehlon E. E.; also the E. initial point of the North Carolina E. E. ; and a railroad hence is projected to Newbem, one of the best ports of the State. Pop) about TOO. GoLDsviLLE, p. v., Cherokee eo., Ga. : 113 m. N. W. Miliedgeville. GoLDs\nLLE, p. v., Tallapoosa CO., Ala. : 49 m. N. E. Montgomery. Goliad county, Tfett Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains about 1,SOO sq. m. Intersected by San Antonio r., and drained by its many branches, with the heads of Mission and Ar.Tusas rivers and affluents of the Guadaloupe. Surface moderately elevated, and gently undulating. Soil generally very good, and adapted to cotton growing. Some sugar may be raised, too. Farms 80; manut; 0; dwell. SS. and pop.— wh. 435, fr. col. 0, si. 213— total G4S. Cajntal: Goliad. Goliad, p. v. and cap., Goliad co., Ter. : on a high rocky bluff on the S. bank of San Antonio r., 123 m. S. by E. Austin City. It is one of the oldest towns in Texas, dating from inC, and was formerly a place of great importance, and, as its name implies, a pUiee of sU-ength. Its fortifica- tions were immense and considered by the Spaniards as impregnable, and are still in existence, though decayed, as are also most of the old buildings, which were of stone. On the opposite side of the river was an ancient mission. Goliad is now recovering from its demolished condition, and is again a flourishing place with considerable trade and general business. Goxic, p. v., Strafford co., 1^. Hamp. : on the E. side of Cocheco r., 28 m. E. Concord. It is a v. of considerable manufactures. The Cocheco E. E. passes through it, S m. from Dover. Gonzales county, Tfx. Situate S. E. of centre, and eon- tains 1,22' sq. m. Intersected by Guadalupe r., and drained by San Marcos r. and Peach and Sandy crs., its affluents. Surface a rolling prairie in S.— in the N. more broken. Soil sandy loam, covered with a rich vegetable deposit, and adapted to cotton, grain, or grazing. Salt-springs arc found on Salt forkofS.andy cr. Farms 123; manuf ; dwell. I S3, and pop.— wh. 891, fr. col. 0, si. 601— total 1,492. Capital: Gonzales. GoxzALES, p. 0., and cap. Gonz.iles co., TJir. : on the N. or left bank of Eio Guadaluiie r., 62 m. S. S. E. Austin City. It is the centre of an extensive trade. GoocnLAND county, Ylrg. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains 273 sq. m. Drained by several affluents of the James r., which forms its S. boundary. Surface in the S. rolling ; elsewhere broken, affording many eligible mill sites. Soils various, and mostly long cultivated, though highly produc- tive. Tobacco is the great agricultural staple, and coal is abundant, and the mines much worked. Gold has also been found in considerable quantities. Farms 405 ; nianuf. 49; dwell. ST6, and pop.— wh. 3,S54, fr. col. 05.3, si. 5,S4o— 254 GOR total, 10,852. Capital: Goochland C. U. PiiUic Works : James Elver Canal. GoocnLAM) C. II., p. v., and cap. Goochland co., Virr). : on the N. side of James r., and on the line of the canal, 25 ra. W. N. W. Eichmond. It contains acourt-house, jail, and about 40 dwellings. Goocn's Mills, p. o.. Cooper co.. Mo. : on Little Saline cr. of Missouri r., 84 m. N. W. Jefferson City. G oodall'6, p. o., Hanover eo., Yirg. : 15 m. N. Eichmond. Good Field, p. v., Meigs co., Tain.: 114 m. E. S. E. Na-shville. Good GnorND, p. v., Suffolk co., N. T. : 12S m. S. E. Albany— a v. of some S or 10 dwellings, situate in the L of Southampton. Good Hope, p. v., Milwaukie CO., Wise. : on the W. side of Milwaukie r., 75 m. E. by N. Madison. Good Hope, p. o., Cumberland co., Ptmi. Good Hope, p. o., Walton county, Ga. : on a cr. of Appalaehee r., 65 m. N. N. AV. Miliedgeville. Gooding's Geove, p. o.. Will co.. 111.: 133 m. N. E. Springfield. Good Intent, p. o., Washington county, Penn.: 132 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Good Luck, p. o.. Prince George's co., JM.: on the E. side of the W. branch of Patuxent r., 26 miles S. W. Annapolis. GooDKicD, p. v., Genesee co., Mich. : 49 m. E. N. E. Lansing. Good's PEEcisor, p. o., Clark co., Kt/.: 44 m. E. S. E. FrankforL Good Speing, p. o., Williamson co., Tenn. : 11 m. S. Nashville. Good Spblngs, p. o., Mead co., i'y. .• 76 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Good Spub, p. o., Carroll co., Virff. : 183 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. GooDviLLE, p. v., Lancaster co., Pfnn. GooDWATER, p. o., Coosa county, Ala. : 8-3 m. N. by E. Montgomery. GooDWLN'6 Mills, p. o., York county. Me. : 74 m. S. W. Augusta. GooD\viNSTiL7.E, p. T., Dinwlddlc county, Tirg. : 42 m. S. by W. Eichmond. Goose Ceeek, p. o., Eitchie co., Tirg. : 226 m. N. W. Eichmond. Goose Ceeek, Tirg. : a branch of Eoanoke r. It has its rise in the Blue Eidge, 6 m. S. W. of the Peeks of Otter, and after a course of more than 40 m. enters the Eoanoke in the S. W. part of Campbell county. Goose Pond, p. o., Ogletliorpe co., Ga. : on a branch of Long cr. of Broad r., 69 m. N. N. E. Miliedgeville. Goose Eivee, p. a., Waldo co., Me. : 87 m. E. Augusta. Gobdo, p. o., Pickens county, Ala. : 124 m N. W. Montgomery. GoKDON county, Ga. Situate N. W., and conUiins 302 sq. ra. Drained by Coosawaltce r. and other head streams of the Coosa r. Surface broken and cut up into many beautiful and fertile valleys. This is in the iron region, and possesses much undeveloped mineral wealth. Farms 419; manuf. ; dwell. 861, and pop.— wh. 6,156, fr. col. 0, si. 82S —total 5,984. Capital : Calhoun. Public Worl-s : Atlantic and Western E. E. Gordon, p. v., Wilkinson county, Ga. : 17 m. S. by W. Miliedgeville. The Miliedgeville and Gordon E. E. di- verges at this point tcom the Central Georgia E. E., 170 m. from Savannah. Gordon's Springs, p. v.. Walker co., Ga. : 179 m. N. W. Miliedgeville. GoRDONS^^LLE, p. V., Smith co., Tenn.: on the W. bank of Caney fork of Cumberland r., 49 m. E. Nashville. GoRDONSviLLE, ]). V., Logau county, i'l/. : 162 m. S. W. Frankfort. Gor-DoNsv-iLLE, p. V., Orange CO., HV^. ; at the E. base of GOR GOV Southwest Mountain, nmi at the heads of Xorth Anna r.. 56 m. N. W. Kifhrnond. ^Vithin the last ftw years it has risen from the condititm of a wayside store to that of a consider- able village, and is destined to become an important com- mercial dep6t. The Central Virginia R. K. passes throu^'h it, and is here joined by the Orange and Alexandria R. R., completed in 1S52. GoBDOss\^LLE, p. v.,,Lancaster co., Penn. : 49 m. E. S. E. Harrisbiirg. GoRDONTos, p. v., Pierson co., iV. Car. : 51 m. N. "W. Raleigh. GoEEAM, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : 59 m. S. "W. Augusta. Brained by Presunipseut r., which forms its E. border. Surface diversified ; soil fxeelltnt and well culti- Tated. The v. lies on the York and Cumbt-rland II. R., 10 m. from Portland. The t. has a well-endowed academy and contains numerous mills and mcclianie shops. Pop. 3,0SS. GoRHAM, t. and p. o., Coos co.. K Ihnnp. : SI m. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Poabody r. and other tributaries of the Androscoggin. Surface rough and broken — the S. be- ing occupied by the White Mountains; soil indifferent and population sparse. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R. passes through it, following the valley. Pop. 224. GoHHAM, t. and p. v., Ontario co., N, Y, : 173 m. "W. by N. Albany. Drained by Flint cr. and creeks of Canandaigua Lake, which forms its W. boundary. Surface gently undu- lating; soil fertile and well cultivated. The v. is located oa the E. side of Flint cr. ; and there are other villages, as Eushville, Gorham Centre, etc., in the town. Pop. 2,C45. GoEHAM, t. and p. o., Fulton co., Ohio.: 136 m. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Tiffin r. and its branches. Surface uneven ; soil fertile and productive. Pop. 90G. GosHEs, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 133 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. GosHES, t. and p. o., Addison co., Venn. : 36 ra. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by creeks of Great Trout Pond and Otter r. Surface mountainous; soil ortlinary, bat adapted to iirasses. Iron ore and oxyde of magnesia abundant. Pop. 4St). Go-SHEN-, t. and p. c, Litchflcid co., Conn. : 34 m. "W. by N. Hartford. Drained by affluents of ilousatonic and Nau- gatuck rirers, which rise in this t. from several small ponds. Surface elevated and moderately uneven ; soil excellent for grasses. It produces fine dairies, and has several mauu- fiictures. Pop. 1,457. GosHEx, p. v., Lincoln county, Ga.: 74 m. N. E. Milledgeville. GosuEK. p. v., and cap. Elkliart co., Ind. : on the E. side of Elkhart r., 126 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. It is a thriving v., and contains commodious county buildings, several halls for societies, large flouring and saw mills, nu- merous stores, about 20O dwellings, and 1,200 inhabitants. It is well situate for a commercial dop6t, and is connected by a l>ranch with the Michigan. Southern, and Northern Indiana R. It. ; and a railroad is now in progress from In- dianapolis ria Peru to this point. The " G. Democrat" (dem.) is published weekly. Goshen, t. and p. v., Ilampshire county, Mass. : 92 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by heads of rivers falling into the Connecticut. Surface mountainous; soils indifferent, except for grasses. Lead, tin, emeralds, etc., are found. The v. lies near the centre. Pop. 5l2. GosHEN', t. and p. v., Sullivan co., K Hamp.: 31 m. "W. by N. Concord. Drained by branches of Logan r. of the Connecticut. Surface varies ; soil well adapted f')r cul- tivation. Sunapee Mountain lies in its S. E. part. The v. is located centrally. Pop. of t 069. GosoEN, p. v., Cape May co., N. Jer. : on Goshen cr. 3 m. up from Delaware Bay, 73 m. S. Trenton. Goshen, t.. p. v., and one r,f the cap. Orange co., K. Y. : U m. S. S. W. Albany. Drained by Wallbill cr. and other streams. Surface diversifled— in some parts hilly ; soil, rich loam, overlying slate and limestone, and which produces exe^-llent grass. The t. and neighborho.id is noted for the superior quality of its milk and butter, which are daily car- ried into New York by railroad. The v. is located on a plain, and contains a court-house and other county build- ings, situate on an elegant square, in which is a monument commemorative of those who fell in one of the battles of the Revolution, large hotels, extensive stores, and many of its dwellings are neat and tastefully built. It is a place of considerable business, and has about 1,200 inhabitants. Tlie Eric R. R. passes through it, 45 m. from Piermont. Goshen has two semi-weekly newspapers, tlie "Banner of Liberty'* and "Signs of the Times;" two weeklies, the '-Independ- ent Republican" (dem.) and " Democrat and "Whig" (,whig), and "Separate America" (abol.), the latter published quar- terly. Pop. of t. 3,150. GosHEX, t. ami p. v., Clermont co., 07iio: S2 m. S. "W, Columbus. Drained by affluents of Little Miami r., and possessed of a fine soil. The v. contains numerous mills, mechanic shops, ange, p. o., Anne Anmdel co., Md. Governor's island, jV. Y.: an imjiortant island at the confluence of Hudson and East rivers, in New Tork Harbor, anacco are raised largely. Farms 730 ; manuf. 15; dwell. 1,031, and pop.— wh. 5,994. fr. col. 5, si. 532— total 6.531. Capital: "Williamstown. rublicWoi-l:s: Lexington and Covington E. K. Grant county, )V{sc. Situate S. W. comer, and contains 1.122 sq. ra. The Wisconsin r. bounds it N., and on the S. and S. W. the Mississippi. The interior is drained by Blue, Grant. Platte, and other rivers. The surface is considerably broken, but the soils are highly productive, and the wiiole countj- abounds in galena or lead ore, which is extensively smelted. Farms 704; manuf 7S; dwell. 2.S61, and pop.— wh. 16,140, fr. col. 30~lolal 16,170. Cajyttal: Lancaster. Piiblic Worlts: Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R. Grant, p.o,, Grant co.. Inch: 54 m. N. K. Indianapolis. Grantham, t and p. o., Sulli\'an co., K. ITamp. : SS m. N. W. Concord. Drained by heads of Sugar r. of the Connecticut. Surface various. Corydon Mountain lies in the W. part, and in the E. there are low lands, adapted to tillage. It contains a noted mineral spring. The in- habitants are mostly farmers. Pop. 784- GRANTSBORoron, p. v., Campbell county, Tenn. : 157 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Geant*8 Creek, p. o., Switzerland co., Tn/i. : at the mouth of a cr. of Ohio r. so called, S7 m. S. E. Indianapolis. 25S Gbant'8 Lick, p. o., Campbell co., K^t/. : on a cr. of Lick- ing r. so callctton Is raised extensively. Farms 1,074 ; manuf. 55 ; dwell. 2.093, and pop.— wh. 10,296, fr. col. 1,0SS, si. 9,S65 — total 21.249. Capital: Oxford. Public Works: Gaston and Raleigh Railroad. Granville, p. v., Delaware co., Ltd.: on the left bank of Mississinewa r., 57 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Pop. about 200. The Fort Wayne and Southern R. K., as projected, will pass near or through the village. Granville, t. and p. o., Washington co., X. I'.; 52 m. N. N. E. Albany. Drained by Pawlet r. of Lake Cham- plain. Surface somewhat broken and uneven; soil clay loam, and fertile. The v. is situate on Pawlet r.,and on the line of the Rutland and Washington R. R.; it has several manufactures, and about 600 inhabitants. The t. has nu- merous mills, woolen factories, a pottery, etc., and 3,434. inhabitants. Granville, t. and p. v., Licking county, Ohio: 27 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by W. fork of Licking river, which furnishes great water-power. Surface and soil adapt- ed to agriculture. The t was settled in 1S05 by immigrants from Granville, Mass. The v. contains furnaces, mills, mechanic shops, and about 771 inhabitants, and about 1 mile E. of the v. is Granville College, a Baptist institution, founded in 1S81. In the academic department, in 1S50, it had 5 professors, 60 alumni, and 35 students, with a library of 5,000 volumes; and in the theological department 2 pro- fessors and S students, with a library of SOO volumes. Tho " Granville Intelligencer" is issued weekly. Population of t. 2,116. Geanvrle, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 102 m. N. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Tonawanda and other creeks of the N. branch of Susquehanna r. Surface varied; soil of moderate fertility. Pop. 797. Granville, p. v., Jackson co., Tenn.: on the left bank of Cuml)erland r., 54 m. E. by N. Nashville. Ge^vntille, p. v., Monongalia co., Yirg. : on Dunkard'a cr. of Monongahela r., 202 m. N. W. Richmond. It contains warehouses, mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 200 inhabitants. Granville, t. and p. v., Addison county, Verm.: 23 m. S. S.W. Mon t pel ier— formerly known as Kingston. Drained by heads of White r., one of which falls 100 feet, 50 of which perpendicularly. Surface mountainous. Tho v. is a scat- tered settlement on the E. side of the river. Population of t. 642. Granville, p. v., Putnam county,/^.: 100 m.N. by E. SpringfieUl. Granville, t. and p. v., Milwaukie CO., Wise. : 73 m. E. by N. Madison. Drained by Milwaukie river and its branches, on one of which the v. is located. Grai'E Grove, p. o., Greene co., Ohio: 5^ m.W.S. W. Columbus. Grape Island, p. o., Tyler co., Yirff. : on an island of Ohio r. so called, 237 m. N. W. Richmond. Grape Vise, p. o.. Perry co., A> ; lOS m. S. E. Frankfort. Grass Hills, p. o.j Carroll county, Ay. ; 84 m. N. by W. Frankfort Grass Laite, t. and p. o., Jackson co., Mich. : 40 m. S. S. E. Lansing. Drained by the E. branch of Grand r.. which has its source here in several small lakes. Surface elevated and varied ; soil deep black mold. The p. o. is located in the v of Lconi, at the outlet of Grass Lake, and on the line of the Michigan Central R. R., which traverses the X. W. part of the town. Pop. 1,281 GRA GRA Grass Land, p. o., Uarrison co.) Virg. : 200 m. N. W. Eichmoad. Geass river, iV^. J'. : a tril)utary of St. Lawrence r. from New York. It rises in Iho S. E. part of St. Lawrence co., and flows in a N. direction to the St Lawrence, which it enters opposite to Cornwall Island, Canada. Gr.A6s Valley,' p. v., Butte co., Ofltf. : on the toiddle fork of the Feather r., 173 ni. N. E. Vallcjo. In the vicinity is one of the most productive gold-diggings in the State. Population 2,5U0. Grassy Cove, p. o.. Bledsoe co., Tenn. : 94 ra. E. S. E. Nashville. Gkassy Creek, p. v., Pendleton co., A'y. ; on a cr. of Licking r. so calltd ; 53 m. N. E. Frankf(jrt. GRASsr Creek, p, o., Yancey eu., y. Car. : on a cr. of Nolichucky r. so called ; 192 m. \V. Kaleigh. Grassy Pont>, p. o., Spartanburgh dial., S. do: : near the State line, S6 m. N. N. W. Columbia. Grassy Valley, p. v., Harrison co., Ind.: on theE. side of Indian cr., 4 m. [roia the Oliio r., and lOS m. S. In- dianapolis. Gkatiot county, Jfic/i. Situate centrally in Lower Penin- sula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Pine r. in the N., watei-s of which flow into Lake Huron, and Maple r., which empties through Grand r. into Lake Michigan. Surface undulating, and well timbered with pine in the N. ; soils adapted to grass and the grains. Unorganized in ISoO. Geatiot, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohiu: 42 m. E. Coluniluis. Gratiot, p. v., Lafayette co., Wise. : on the Picaunica r., 49 m. S. W, Madison. Gratis, t. and p. o., Preble co., Ohio: 84 m. "W. S. W. Columljus. Drained by creeks flowing into Miami r. Sur- face diversified ; soils light and fertile. It is a well culti- vated country, and has 2,117 inhabitants. Gratitude, p. o., Sussex co., JV Jer. : GO m. 8. Trenton. Grattan, t. and p. o., Kent county, Mich.: 57 m. N. W. Lansing. It is drained by numerous small Jakes, which empty info creeks flowing to Grand r. Surface elevated and level ; soil deep and fertile. The I. has abundance of flue timber. Pop. (>4S, Gratz, p. v., Dauphin county, Peroi.: 27 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Grave Cbeek, p. o., Marshall Co., Virg.: on a cr. of Ohio r. so called, 235 m. N. W. liichmond. Geavel Hill, p. o., McNairy co., Tenn.: 118 m. S. W. Nashville. Gravel Hill, p. o., Buckingham co., Virg. : 54 m. W. Eichmond. Gravelly Hill, p. o., Bladen co., K Car.: S5 m. S. Ealeigh. Gravelly Spring, p. o., Lauderdale co., Akt. : 17S m. N. N. W. Montgomery. Gravel Eidge, p. o., Bradley co., ArJc. : % m. S. S. E. Little Eock. Gravel Erx, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich. : on an attlu- ent of Huron r. so called, 53 \n. S. E. Lansing. Gravel Spring, p. o., Frederick co., Virg. : 126 m. N. N. W. Eichmond. - Graves county, Eij. Situate "W., and contains 540 sq. m. Drained by Mayfleld r. and Little Obion r., affluents of Mississippi r., and in the E. by afiluents of liie Ohio. Sur- face generally level, and soil verj* productive of wheat, corn, and tobacco. Farms 1.279; nuinuf. 35; dwell. 1,G94, and pop.— wh. 9,949, fr. col. 9, si. 1,439— total 11,3S7. Capital: Maylield. Graves, p. o., Hempstead county, Ark.: 108 m. S. W. Little Rock. Graves, p. v., Caswell co., 24. Graves Feery, p. o., Ohio co., Ki/.: 131 m. W. S. W, Frankfort. Grave's Mill, p. o., Madison CO., Virg.: 76 m. N. W. Eichmond. Gravesville, p. v., Herkimer co., JV. Y. : 71 m. "W. N. Vf. Albanj'. Gray, t. and p. o., Cumberland co.. Me. : 46 m. B. W. Augusta. Drained by branches of Presumpscut and North Yarmouth rivers, and it contains a large part of Little Sebago I'<.ind. It is a fine farming country, and has some manufactures. Pop, 1,7SS. Gray Eock, p. o., Titus county, Tea:: 230 m. N. E. Austin City. GnAYSniTRG. p. o., Greene co., Tenn. : 226 m. E. Nashville. Gray's Creek, p. o., Cumberland co., A1 dr. Gray's Cross ICoads, p. o., Eaudolph co., 2f. Car.: 93 m. \V. Ealeigh. Gray's harbor, Oreg. Ter.: a fine bay in the N. "W. of Oregon, into which tlie Chehalis r. empties. It is about 12 m. deep, and in its widest part about 5 m. The entrance is about 2\ m. wide. This harbor takes its name from Capt. Grjiy, the celebrated discoverer of the Culumbia r. and other important points, this among others, along the N. W. coast. Graysox county, ffy. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains 051 sq. m. Nolin cr. on the S. E., and Eough cr. on the N, W., tributaries of Green r., with numerous affluents, drain it. Surface various, with some good mill-sites. Soil of average productiveness. Com and tobacco are the lead- ing productions. Farms 824; manuf. 14; dwell. 1,065, and pop.— wh. 0,512, fr. col. 5, si. 320— total 6,S3L Capital : Litchfield. Pnhlic Worku: Nashville and Louisville E. E. Grayson county, re.'-. Situate N. on lied r., aud con- tains 956 sq. ra. Drained by Big Mineral, Little Mineral, Iron Ore creeks, ami Choctaw Bayou in the N., and in the S. by many head streams of Trinity r., which empties into Galveston Bay. Surface mostly undulating, with a few l-^^v hills on Eed r. Soil on Eed r. consists of a rich, black, friable mold, often very deep, and everywhere of almost in- credible fertility : this is the cotton region. The interior is more sandy, and aflf')rds good grazing. Iron ore is abund- ant, particularly on Choctaw Bayou. Farms 171 ; manuf, ; dwell. 295, and pop.— wh. 1,7*23, fr. col. 0, si, 186— total 1,908. Capital: Sherman. Grayson county, Virg. Situate "W. on S. line, and con- tains 494 sq. m. Intersected by New r. (the upper portion of Great Kanawha r.), and drained by its branches and Laurel Fork, the head of Ilolston r. Surface very elevated — in parts mountainous, with productive valleys between, and abundance of water-power. A good grazing and farm- ing county. Farms 604; manuf. ; dwell. 1,001, and pop. — wh. 6,142, ft-, col. 36, si. 499— total 6,677. Capital: Green- ville. Grayson, p. v., and cap. Carter co., Kt/. : on the "W. side of Little Sandy r., 117 m..E. by N. Frankfort. It has a court-house, two stores, aud about 160 hiliabitants, Grayson, p. v., Crittenden co., Ark:: llU m. E. N. E. Little Eock. Grayson C. H., p. o., and cap. Grayson co., Virg.: in the V. of Greensville, on the right bank of New r., 19S m. "W. S. W. Eichmond. The v. contains a courlrhouse, jail, etc., several stores aud mechauic shops, and about 200 inhabitants. Grayson SpBrNos, p. c, Grayson county, ICi/. : 103 m. W. S. "W. Frankfort. Grayson SuLPmm Springs, p. o., Carroll Co., Mrg.: 1S4 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. Graysport, p. v., Yallabuaha co., J/?.ts. .' on the S. side of Yallabusha r., 110 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Gray's Valley, p. o., Tioga co., Perm. : 112 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. 359 GEA GRE Geaysville, p. o., Monroe co., Ohio: on a tributarj- cr. of Ihe Muskinfjum, 96 m. E. by S. Columbus. Gravsville, p. v., IIcrkirDCT co., J\1 Y. : 78 m. "W. N. W. Albany. Gbaysttlle, p. v., Hunlingdon county, Penn.: 79 m. TV. by N. Harrisburg. Grayville, p. v., ■\VhiLe county, III.: 119 m. S. E. Springfiold. Greasy Cekek, p. o., Floyd co., Virg. : 173 m. W. S. Vi. Bichmond. Greasy Ckeee, p. o., Polk co., Tenn.: \^i m. E. S. E. Nashville. Great Barrington, t and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass.: lis m. W. Boston. Brained by llousalouic r. and its branches. Surface, except in the valley of the river, un- even and hilly ; soU generally fertile, and on the hills fine for grazing. Monument Mountain is a lofty eminence, and presents much wild and picturesque scenery. Iron ore and variegated marble abound. The v. is situate on the K. side of the river, and on the line of the Ilousatonic K. R., &5 m. from Bridgeport. It is a considerable place, and has sev- eral manufactures. Van Deusenville is a pleasant v. 2 m. N. of the principal v. Two newspapers are published in the t, the ''Berkshire Courier" ^whig) and Ihe ''Transcript*' (whig), both weeklies. The manufactures consist of cotton and woolen goods, boots and shoes, hats, pig iron, tin- ware, etc. Pop. of t. 3,2C3, Great bay, Kockingham co., K ITamp. : in the S. E. part of the State. It is formed by the united waters of Swarascot, Winnicut, and Lamprey rivers, and it.s waters pass N. E. through Little Bay, where Oyster r. unites with the current which passes into Piscataqua r. It is 4 m. wide. Great bay, Belknap co., X. Ilamp. : an expansion of the outlet of Lake "Winnipiseogee, and dist^.iarges its waters through "Wiunipiseogee r. into the ConnecticuL Bound and Long bays are situate between the lake and Great Bay, and there are two small bays in the river below Great Bend, p. v., Jefferson co., N. Y.: at the great bend of Black r., 133 m. N. W. Albany. It contains sev- eral mills and about 200 inhabitants. A bridge here crosses the Black river. Great Bend, p. c, Meigs county, Ohio : 92 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Great Besd, t. and p. v., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 132 m. K. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by affluents of Susque- hanna r. Surface hilly; soil generally good, especially so in the valleys. The v. is situate on both side of Susque- hanna r.. over which is a large covered bridge. The two parts of the v. are about a nule apart. It contains several spacious stores and about 400 inhabitants. As a station on the New York and Eric E. B. it is important, for it is placed at a great converging point of trade with many thriving towns in Pennsylvania, and the Legget's Gap B. E. runs hence into the Lackawanna coal and iron region. A large amonnt of business is done here, and the v. is rapidly fill- ing up with an enterprising population. Pop. of the t. 1,150. Great Bridge, p, o., Norfolk co., Virg. : 72 m. S. E. Bichmond. Great Crosswos, p. o., Scott co., Ky. : on Elkhom cr., 6 ro. W. of Georgetown and 16 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. The Choctaw Academy was formerly located here, which pro- vided, under the superintendence of the "War Department, for the education of Indians. Great Falls, p. v., Strafford co., y. Hump. : on the W. side of Salmon r., at the falls, 33 m. E. Concord. This is a large and beautiful v., with extensive manufactures of cot- ton, etc., for which its immense water-power peculiarly adapt* it. It lies at the point of junction of the Great Falls Branch of the Boston and Maine B. B., the Great Falls and Conway R. B., and the York and Cumberland B. R. Two newspapers are published here, the " G. F. Transcript" and the " G. F. Sketchcr," both issued weekly. Pop. about 2,000. 260 Great Mills, p. o., St. Marj's co., Md. : on a cr. of SL Mary's r., 53 m. S. Annapolis. Great Okonaqon lake and river, Oreg. Ter.: a long , lake, or rather series of lakes, stretching between 48° and 5oo N. lat., and forming the sources of the Okonagon r., a branch of the Columbia r., at the confluence with which is located Fort Okonagon, an establishment of the Hudson Bay Company. Great Pee Dee river, S. Car. : a continuation of the Yad- kin r. It rises under the latter name in Caldwell and Wilkes counties, N. Carolina, and continues thence in an E. direc- tion to the W. line of Forsyth county, when it abruptly turns S., and in a S. E. course passes over the border into S. Carolma, when it b called Great Pee Dee. Its principal affluents are Lyucb's cr. and Little Pedee r., both consider- able streams. Uniting with Waccamaw r. a little below Georgetown, it enters and forms Winyaw Bay, which com- municates with the Atlantic about 12 m. below the union. This river is navigable for boats of 60 or 70 tons burden for 20O m. Little Pee Dee r. enters it about 32 m. up, and Lynch's cr. about 47 m. up — both are boatable for a con- siderable distance. Great Salt Lake county. Utah. Situate on the E. and S. shores ol the Great Salt Lake, and comprises a district lying in the immediate vicinity. Surface low and level on the shore, but soon rises into mountains, which encircle the basin of the lake at no great distance. The soil is good, and, under cultivation, highly productive. Salt of a good quality, and in great quantities, is obtained from the lake ; and on its shores the Mormons have settled, and emigrants for the Pacific shore here find refreshments and a halting place, before entering on the Calitbrnia desert. Farms 506 ; manuf 6; dwell. 1,2SS, and pop.— wh. 6.142, ft. coL 15 — total 6,157. CapiUil : Great Salt Lake City. Great Salt Lake Crrv, p. city, and cap. Great Salt Lake co., Utiih Ter. (See Salt Lakc City.) The precise name of this is " City of the Great Salt Lake." Great Salt lake, Utah Ter. : a noted lake in the great California basin. It lies in lat. 41° 10' 42" N., and long. 1120 21' 05" W. (the astronomical positionof an island in the lake). It communicates with Utah Lake through a strait called Jordan r., but has a somewhat lower level. Utah Lake is freshwater, while Great Salt Lake is intensely salt, and its shores aud bottom arc incrusted with salt — tho former for a width of several miles. The Mormons are settled in its neighborhood, and their original settlement and chief city, the City of the Great Salt Lake, is located on the E. side of Jordan r. The lake and its vicinity has been surveyed by Captain Stansbury, whose able report to Congress is a work of great interest and value. In the valley of this lake the most valuable lauds of the Territory are located, aud of these the Mormons have got possession. Great Valley, t. aud p. o., Cattaraugus co.. A'. Y. : 247 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Great Valley, Tuniangu ant, and other creeks of Alleghany r. Surface somewhat broken, rising from the valley of tke Alleghany ; soils, clay loam, and fertile. The v. is a station on the Erie B. K., and is on the Reservation belonging to the Seneca Nation, now numbering about 700. It commands the business of the valley, in which Ellicottville, is situate. Pop. 1,68S, Great Works, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : on the E. side of Penobscot r., at the confluence of Great Works stream, 74 m. N. E. Augusta, The stream so called is an important branch of the Penobscot, into which it falls opposite the Indian settlement of Old Town ; it has many mill sites, an(fi along its baidis considerable manufactures are carried on. Greece, t and p. o., Monroe co., X. Y. : 208 m. W. N.W Albany. Drained by creeks flowing through small bays to Lake Ontario, which lies on its W. border, and Genesee r. lies on its E. boundary. Surface undulating ; soil, gravelly, sandy, and clay luams. Charlotte and Adams Basin are post-offices in this L Pop. 4,219. GuEELAND Dei'Ot, p. 0., Rockingham co., X. JIamp. GRE GRE Green Bank. p. o., Poeitlionlas co., Virff. : on Deop cr. of GreonbriLT r.,14G ni. W. N. W. lik-lmiond. It bus several mills and niechanic sibops, and atxiut 80 inhabitants. Gkefx Bane, p. o., Burlington co., X. Jer, Green B.vv, p. o., Dcs Moines count}-, la. : G7 m. S. E. Iowa City. Green Bay. p. v., Brown co., Wixc: on the riirht bank of Neenah or Fox r., at the head of Grucn Bay, \24 rn. N. E. liy N. Madison. It occupies an important location, and has a good harbor; and its commerce is cons>iderable. Many of its stores and dwelhngs are large and elegant buildings. Fort Howard, on the W. side of the r., stands on a commanding eniinence. and in the v. is a U. B. land offlee. Pop. about 2,500. It is a [ilaee that must become, in the natural progress of events, a large commercial dep6t. It was formerly the county capital. Green bay, TI 'ist'. .- a hir^e arm of Lake Michigan, ex- fending inland from its N. W. corner for loo m., and Imv- iii;; a brea'g. : 43 m. S. E. Richmond. GREENBrsn, p. v.. "Warren co., IlL : about 2 m. N. of the W. fork of Spoon r., 77 m. N. W. Springfield. Greenbush, p. v., Polk CO., /(/..• on North r., a branch of Des Moines r., 112 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. Green bubh, t. anscot co.. Me. : 91 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Olamon and other affluents of Pen- obscot r. Surface varied ; soil generally fertile. The v. opposite Argjie is a pleasant and thriving place. Pop. of t. 417. GREENBrsn, p. v.. Grant county, Jny Ogeehee r. and Little r., a branch of the Savannah. Sur- face elevated and swelling, and soil productive. There is good water-power, which is improved by mills and factories. Cotton is the staple. Farms 512; manuf. 47; dwell. 854, and pop.— wh. 4,744. fr. col. 58, si. 266— total 13.068. Cap- ital: Greensboro. Public Works: Georgia R. R., and Athens Branch R. R. Greene county, Ind. Situate S. "W.. and contains .'334 sq. m. The W. fork of White r. divides it almost equally, and it has other streams which afford mill-sites. Surface r.ather hilly E., but level W. : soils, clay, variously mixed. The products are wheat, com, and tobacco; lead, coal, and iron are abundant. Fanns 1,227; manuf. 39; dwell. 2,089, and pop.— wh. 12,238, and fr. col. 75— toUil 12,313. 261 GRE GKE Capital: Bloomfleld. FuUic Wor7;s: 'Wabash and Erie Canal ; Vincenncs and Indianapolis It. E., etc. Geeene county. III. Situate W., and contains 564 sq. m. Drained by Apple and Macoupin creeks, afHuents of tlie Illinois r., which makes its W. line. Surface level, partly prairie and partly timbered ; soil highly productive. This is in the coal region, and coal is abundant and easily ob- tained. Corn is the agricultural staple. Farms 1.155; manuf. 27; dwell. 2,024, and pop.— wh. 12,3S9, fr. col. 50— total 12.*39. Capital : Carrollton. Geeene county, Ja. Situate W. centrally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Raccoon r., a Iributarj- of the Des Moines r. Unorganized in 1S50. Geeene county, Ay. Situate centrally, and contains 316 6q. m. Drained by Little Barren r., Kusscll r., and other bead streams of Green r. Surface diversified and of mod- erate elevation ; soils jiroductive. Large numbers of cattle, sheep, and swine are raised. Tobacco is the great staple, but wheat and corn are produced largely. Manufactures are noticeable, for which the streams afford good facilities. Farms 791 ; manuf 201 ; dwell. 1,105, and pop.— wh. 6,335, fr. col. 117, 81. 2,60S— total 9,060. Capital: Greensburg. PuUic ^york^ : Danville and Nashville E. R. Gheene county, Mii^a. Situate S. E., and contains 720 8q. m. Drained by Chickjisawha r. and Leaf cr., which imiting S. of it, form the Pascagoula. Surface low and gen- erally even ; soil, in parts unproductive, but covered mostly with forests of timber trees. Com and potatoes, cotton and rice, are the products. Farms 93; manuf. 0; dwell. 217, and pop.— wh. 1.879, fr. col. 1, si. 63S— total 2,013. Capital : Leakcsville. Puhlic Works: Mobile and Ohio E. K. Geeene county, ito. Situate S. "W., and contains 1,157 eq. m. Drained by the heads of While r., which empties into the Mississippi, and branches of the Osage r., which runs into the Missouri, The surface is broken, a range of hills or mountains occupying the middle, and forming a watershed between tlic waters running K. and S. The soil fertile and well timbered. Fanus 1,283; manuf 50 ; dwell. 2,046, and pop.— wh. 11,54S, fr.col. 7, si. 1,230— total 12,7S5. Capital : Springfield. Geeene county, N. T. Situate E. centrally, and contains 5S3 sq. m. Drained by Catskill and Coxsaekie creeks, ■which flow into the Hudson r., which washes its E. border, and by the head branches of Schoharie cr., a tributary of Mohawk r. Surface diversified— in the S. and W. hilly and mountainous, and toward the N. E. more level. The mountains arc sterile, but in tlie valleys there is much fine land. Iron ore, and many other minerals, are abundant throughout the county, as are marble, building stone, etc. Farms 2,672 ; manuf. 4;!8 ; dwell. 6,745, and pop.— wh. 82,232, fr. col. 894— total .3-3.126. Capital : Catskill. Pul- lie Works : Albany and Goshen E. II. Geeene county, K. Car. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains 182 sq. m. Drained by Mockasin r. and its affluents, which flow into the Neusc. Surface generally even ; soil mostly productive. Com and cotton are the leading crops, r.ice is also raised. This is the pine region, and tar, pilch, and turpentine figure largely in the exports. Farms 372; manuf. 37; dweU. 5S4, and pop.— wli. 8,259, fr. col. 116, si. 8,244— total 6,619. Capital: Snow Hill. Gr.EESE county, Ohio. Situate S. W. centrally, and con- tains 334 sq. m. Drained in the N. W. by Mad r., and in other parts by the Little Miami and its affluents. Surface level or undulating; soil fertile and well timbered. The numerous streams afford many water privileges, and all crops, especially of grain, are very large. Farms 1,626 ; manuf. 132 ; dwell. 8,760, and pop.— wh. 21,460, fr. col. 4?6 total 21,946. Capital: Senia. PuhUc Works: Little Miami E. E. ; Columbus and Xenia E. E. ; Mad Eiver and Lake Erie E. E. ; Dayton and Xcnia E. E., etc. Geeene county, Pmn. Situate in S. W. comer, and con- tains ,558 sq. m. Drained E. by branches of Monongahela r., which is its E. boundary, and W. by affluents of the Ohio. Surface mountainous, and water-power abundant soil very fertile, yielding great grain crops and supporting fine dairies. Timber plentiful, and much majde sugar made. Farms 1,7S9 ; manuf. 95 ; dwell. 8,777, and pop. — wh. 21,600, fr. col. 476— total 22,186 Capital : 'Waynesburg. Geefjie county, Tenn. Situate N. E., and contains 515 eq. m. Drained by Licking cr. and Nolichucky r., heads of the Teimessee. Surface mountainous, with pleasant val- leys; soils very productive of the grains, and adapted to sheep and cattle, which are raised in great numbers. AVheat and com lead the products. Farms 1,346; manuf 47; dwell. 2,938, and pop.— wh. 16,.522, fr. col. 209, si. 1,093— total 17,824. Capital: Greenville. ruUia Wurk^: East Tennessee and Virginia E. E. Geeene county, Virg. Situate E. centrally at foot of Blue Eidge, and contains 118 sq. m. Drained by Conw.ay r., a head of the Eappahannock, and Eivanna r., a branch of the James. Surface elevated and broken, with fine water-power ; soil fertile, producing tobacco and the cereals abundantly. Farms 801 ; manuf. 24; dwell. 494, and pop. — wh. 2,667, fr. col. 84, d., 1,699— total 4,400. Capital: Stannardsville. Geeen-e county. Wise. Situate 8., and contains 592 sq. m. Drained by Petitonica r. and Sugar cr., head waters of Rock r., which runs through Illinois into the Mississippi. Sur- face level ; soils rich, with some prairie and good pasturage. The grains thrive abundantly. Lead mines are worked successfully, and copper is also found. Farms 76^3 ; manuf. 45 ; dwell. 1,481, and pop.— wh. 8,668, fr. col. 0— total 8,668. Capital: Monroe. Geeene county, Ala. Situate "W. middle, and contains 911 sq. m. Tombigbee r. forms its W. boundarj-, and the Black 'Warrior flows S. through the middle, by whose af- fluents it is drained. Surface varied, in parts hilly, in parts level meadow. Soil very fert'de, producing heavy crops of cotton, the staple, and com and some wheat. It has abund- ant water-power, and growing manufactures of flour, leather, cotton goods, and machinery. Farms 1,810; manuf. "1; dwell. 1,730, and pop.— wh. 9,265, fr. col. 49, si. 22,127— total 31,441. Capital : Eutaw. Geeene, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : 24 m. S. 'W. Augusta. Drained by ponds and rivulets of Androscoggin r., which makes its E. border. Surface level ; soil well adapted to grain producing. The v, is a pleasant place on the E. bank of the Androscoggin. The Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E. passes through the town. Pop. 1,847. Greene, p. v., Cape Girardeau co., Mo. : on Crooked cr., 116 ra. S. E. Jefl'erson City. Geeene, t. and p. v., Chenango county, N. T.: 105 m. 'W. 8. 'W. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. and its trib- utaries. Surface hilly and broken ; soil generally fertile. The v. is situate on the line of the canal where it crosses the river, and contains numerous stores, mechanic shops, and about 800 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 8,781. Geeene, p. c, Lancaster county, Fenn. : 44 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Geeene, p. c, Noble coimty, Inil.: 114 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Geeene's Stoke, p. o., Lawrence county, Ohio: 96 m. S. S. E. Columbus. CcEEENFiELn, p. v., aud cap. Hancock co., Ind. : on the 'W. side of Erandywine or Swamp cr., 20 m. E. Indianaj)- olis. It was settled in 1S2S, and contains a court-house and other CO. buildings, and about 600 inh.abitants. The Na- tional Road and the Indiana Central R. R. pass through it. The "Spectator," a weekly newspaper, is pulilishcd here. Greenfield, p. v., Greene CO., III. : ^i m. S.'W. Spriug- fleld. Pop. about 200. GBEE.vnELn, p. v., and cap. Dade CO., Mo. : about 1 m. 'W. of Sac river, a branch of 0-sage river, 122 m. S. 'W. Jefferson City. GeeSnfiei.p, t.. p. 0., and cap. Franklin co., Mass. : 90 m. 'W. by N. Boston. Drained by Greenfleld r., a branch GRE GRE of Dcerfield r., which affords cxcellont w.itfr-powL-r. ;Tur- faee varied ; soil fertile and well cultivated. The Connecli- cutr., the recipient of its waters, winds alon? ils S. E. bor- der. The V. is pleasantly situate and well built : it has churches of all denominations; several good academies and common schools, much trade, and is a raanufacturincr v\\- lage of considerable celebrity, its manufactures consisting of cutlerj". boots and ^oes, eastings, guns, pistols, rifles, and iron work generally, harness, saddles, and a great variety of articles of domestic utility. Boole publishing is also an ancient and valuable branch of business, and many works of lasting merit, especially on the subject of law, have issued from its press. It has three newspapers, the " Gazette and Courier" (whig), the "Franklin Ucmocraf (dem.), and Uie "Amerioau Kepublie" (^ free soil), all issued weekly. Cop- per and iron ores are found in this town. Pop. 2,5S0. Greeni-ip.lp, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., JV; Bcimp.: 2S m. S. W. Concord. Drained by affluents of Contoocook river, which flows along its W. border. There are also several large ponds. Surface hilly and uneven ; soil of moderate fertility ; the hills afford good pasturage, and the Talleys and plains are favorable for grain. Crotchet and Lyndeborough mountains are partly in this town. The v. is situate almost centrally, and is a neat agricultural settle- ment, indicative of the staple industry of the town, which is almost wholly devoted to farming. Pop. oft. 7U». GitEENFiELi), p. v., Poinsett county, Arl\: 97 m. N. E. Little Rock. Greesffeld, p. v., Ilighland county, Ohio: on the "W. side of Paint cr..4^ m. S. S. "SV. Columbus. There are nu- merous manufacturing establishments in the vicinity, and the village, through which will pass the Cincimiati, Ilills- boro', and Parkersburg U. E., is a flourishing place of gome 900 or 1,OUO inhabitants, with numerous stores and mechanic shops. A fine quality of limestone, suitable fur building, is quarried near the village. Greenfield, U and p. o., Erie co., Pen7i. : 204 ra. N. W. Harrisburg. Draiiit;d by N. branch of Prench cr. Surface diversified ; soil fertile. Pop. 929. GEEENFrELDip.v., Sullivan county, Tenn. : 24S m.E. byN. Nashville. Greenfield, p. v., Nelson county, Virg, : 82 m."W. by N. Eichmond. Greenfield, t. and p. v., MUwankie co.. Wise: 72 m. E. by S. Madison. Drained by creeks of Milwaukie and Eoot rivers. Surface level ; soil of great fertility, and deep. The v. lies on the N. branch of Eoot r., and contains about 200 inhabitants, A plank road, running S. W. from Mil- waukie. passes through the town, intersecting the v. 8 m. from Mihvautie. Pop. 1,S94. Greenfield, t. and p. o., Hancock co., 3/e.: 91 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Olanion and Sunkhaze rivers, afflu- ents of Penobscot r. Surface uneven ; soil generally fer- tile. It is a fine grazing countrj', and is entirely devoted to forming. Pop. 305. Geeenfield Centre, p. v., Saratoga co., iVi Y. : 33 m. N. by "W. Albany. Greenfield Hill, p. o., Fairfield county, Conn. : 66 m. S. W. Hartford. Greenfield Mills, p. c, Frederick co., M'7. : on Mono- cacy r.. 6 m. above its confluence with the Potomac, and 11 m. S. of Frederick City. There are 9 or 10 dwellings here, and about 60 inhabitants. The vicinity is thickly settled. Greenford, p. v., Mahoning county, Ohio: 139 m. N. E. Columbus. Green Grove, p. o., Luzemo co., Penn. : 87 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Green Hill, p. c, Stewart county, Ga. : 126 m. S. W. Millcdgeville. GreenHill, P.O., Lauderdale CO., ylAf.; 181 m.N.N.W. Mi^ntgf)mery. Green Hill, p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio: 181 m. N. E. Columbus. Gr.EEN Hill, p. o., Wilson county, Tenn,: 14 m. E. Nashville. Green Hh-l, p. o., Campbell CO., Virg. : 97 m. "W. S. W. Eichmond. Green Hill, p. o., Eutherford county, X. Car. : 21S m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. Green island, X. T. : in the Hudson r., opposite Troy. It is about 2 m. lung and half a mile wide. It is now used chiefly fur raih-oad depfils. Green Lake, t. and p. <>., Marquette co.. Wise: on the lake so called, 57 m. N. by E. Madison. Pop. 725. Green Land, t. and p. o., Eockingham co., X. Hamp. : 39 m. 1'2. S. E. Concord. Drained into Great Bay, which lies on the N. border. Surface Uvel and low ; soil fertile, producing fruit and vegetables largi-ly for the markets of Portsmouth, from which it is distant 5 m. The t. has sev- eral mills and stores, and 739 inh-ibitants. Green Leaf, p. o., Do Soto co.. Miss. : 159 m. N. by E. Jackson. Green Levex, p. 0., Southampton county, Virff. : 62 m. S. S. E. Eichmond. Geef-x Levf.l, p. o., "Wake co., X. Car. Green Meadow, p. o., Washington co., Tenn. : 240 m.E. Nashville. Green Mocst, p. o., Adams co., Penn. : 4S m. S. W. Harrisburg. Green mountains, Venn. : a northern range of the Alleghany Mountains, rising in Canada East, and passing in a direction N. and S. through Vermont, Massachusetts, aud Connecticut, and terminating near New Haven, on Long Island Sound. Their verdant appearance originated their nomenclature, and also gave name to the State of Ver- mont. They decrease in height as they approach the S. Mansfleld Mountain, the highest peak of the range, is 4,279 feet above the sea level ; Camel'sKump, 4,190 feet; Killing- ton Peak, 3.GT5 feet ; and Ascutney Mountain, 3,320 feet. Geefjs- Oak, t. and p. o., Livingston co., Mich. : 47 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Drained by the upper waters of Huron r. and several lakes emptying into it. Surface level; soil deep and fertile. Timber is abundant. Pop. 941. Greenock, p. v., Crittenden co., Arl: : on the W. bank of Mississippi r,, 136 m. E. N. E. Little Eock. Green Plains, p. o., Hancock co., III. : 93 m. W. N. W. Springfleld. Green Plains, p. o., Northampton co., X. Car. : 81 m, N. E. Ealeigh. Green Plains, p. o., St Francis co., Ark. : 76 m. E. N. E. Little Eock. Green Point, p. v., Kings co., X.Y.:iii the confluence of Newtown cr. with the East r., opposite New York City, and above Williamsburg. This is a new village, chiefly built up by persons doing business in New York, an tains a court-house, several stores, and about 300 inhab- itants. Greentille, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co,, 3fe. : 86 m. N. Augusta. Drained in the E. by Wilson's r. of the Sebec, and in the W. by streams running to Moosehead Lake, a 8. arm of which penetrates into this town. Surface hilly; soils good for farming, and the iudustrj- of the inhabitants is chiefly devoted to agriculture. There is a small v. or settle- ment on the lake. Pop. oft. 326. Greentille, p. v., and cap. Pitt co., N', Car. : on the S. side of Tar river, 35 m. above its confluence with Pamlico Sound, 83 m. E. by S. Raleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. Greentille, p. v., Sussex county, y. Jer. : 51 m. N, Trenton. GnEBNViLLE, p. v., Brown co., Wise. : 129 in. N. E. by N. Madison. Greentille, p. v., and cap. Hunt county, Tkr. : 244 m. N, N. E. Austin City. Geeexville, t. and p. v., Greene co., .V. Y. : 23 m. S. W. Albany. Drained by Provost and Catskill creeks. Surface broken and hilly ; soil clay loam and fertile in grass. The T. lies on Provost cr. Pop. of t. 2.242. Greenville. L, p. v., and cap. Darke co., Ohio : drained by several tributaries of Greenville cr. of the Miami r. Surface diversified ; soil deep and rich, forming one of the finest farming towns in the Slate. The v. is situate on the 8. side of Greenville cr., and below the junction of Mud cr., 81 m. W. by N. Columbus, and on the site of old Fort Green- ville, where General Wayne concluded his treaty of peace ■with the Indians in 1705. It contains a handsome court- house, a jail, several mechanic shops, manufacturing estab- lishments and stores, and about 1,044 inhabitants. Two newspapers are published here, the " G. JoumaP (whigt, and the "Democratic Iler.ald" (dem.), weekly issues. The Greenville and Miami R. R. passes through the v., con- necting it with Cincinnati anitants. Pop. 1,118. GuicESwooD, p. o., Doddridge CO., Virg. : 209 m. N. W. Riehinond. Ciu:enwoou, p. v., Carroll co.. Miss.: S4 m. N. by E. Jaelison. Gkbknwood, p. v., Mcllenry co., III.: 132 m. N. by E. Springfield. GiiKiiNwoon, t. and p. c, Steuben oo., JV; Y. : 198 m. TV. by S. Albany. Drained by liennetrs and other creeks of Canistoo r. Surface hilly and fine for grazing. Pop. 1,1S5. Ghkenwood, p. v., Sumner CO., Tenn.: 81 m. N. by E. Nashville. GiiEENwooD, t and p. o., Columbia CO., Penn.: 63 m. N. N. E. llarrisburg. Drained by trilnitarics of Fishing cr. Surface diversifled ; soil good for grass and grain. There are several mills and factories in the t., and 1,826 inhabit- ants. GEHEK-nooD, p. v., Jackson co., Ftor. : 63 m. W. N. W. Tallahassee, GBEESWooD.p. v., Abbeville disU, S. Car.: 71 m. W. N. W. Columbia, or, by route of Greenville and Columbia K. E., 85 m. from Columbia. Greenwood, v., Laurens dist, S. Car.: 77 m. N. W. Columbia. Geee.nwood, p. v.. Union county, Ga. : 142 m. N. by W. Millcdgeville. GKEii.\wooD Furnace, p. o., Huntingdon co., I'enn. : 66 m. \V. llarrisburg. Geegoei's Mill, p. o., Granville co., 2f. Car. : 49 m. N. Kaleigli. Geeigsville, p. v., Livingston CO., y. Y. : on the W. side of Genesee r., and on the line of the Genesee Valley Canal, 204 m. W. by N. Albany. Gkkiosville, p. v., Preston co., Viiy. : 1S7 m. N. W. Itichmond. Grenada, p. v., Tallabuslia co., Miss.: on the S. side of Tallabiisha r., 100 m. N. by E. Jackson. It is the scat of a United States Land Office, and has a newspaper, the " G. Republican" (whig), a weekly issue. Pop. about 400. Grey Rock, p. o., Uartford eo., Md. Gkevsville, p. v., Sullivan co., Intl. : &J m. W. S. TV. Indianapolis. GiiiFiiN, p. v., Pike county, Ga.: 68 m. W. N. W. MillcdgeviHe. It is situate on the Macon and Western R. R., 68 m. from Macon, and iH m. from Atlanta. This village has become a point of much comnicree, and is one of the most important railroad stations in the State. Geiffin's p. 0., Johnson county, Ark.: 86 W. N. W. Lilllc Rock. GRirnNSBnEoii, p. v., Culpepper co., Virg. : on a branch of Rappahannock r., 76 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Griffin's Cheek, p. o., Benton CO., Ala. : 94 m. N. by E. Montgomery. GiirFTiN's Mills, p. v., Eric co., N. T : on Cazenovo cr., 246 ra. W. Albany. It has several saw and other mills, stores, etc., and about 30 dwellings. Griffds's Mills, p. 0., Lowndes CO., Ga. : 157 m. S. MilledgeviUe. Griffitii's, p. o., Nioliolas co., Ky. : 68 m. E. Frankfort. Griffitiisville, p. v., CabeU CO., Virg. : 24S m. W. N.W. Richmond. GttifiosTowN, p. v., Somerset co., X Jfr. : on the E. side of Millstone r., 23 m. N. by E. Trenton. The Delaware 2C6 and Rarilan Canal passes through iL It is a small v. of some 12 or 15 dwellings. Grioqsville, p. v.. Pike co.. III. : 5S m. TV. by ?. Spring- field. It is situate on the margin of a large undulating prairie, about 6 m. W. of Naples, on the Illinois river. Griues county, Tex. Situate E. centrally, and contains 1,2SS sq. m. Drained in the W. by affluents of Navasoto r., which forms its W. boundary, and empties into the lirazos, which bounds it S. W.; in the E. and S. by branches of the Trinity and head streams of the San Jacinto, both which empty into Galveston Bay. Surface in the N. hilly, but elsewhere undulating or level, with small prairies; sr.il of the bottoms a deep, rich, black mold of inexhaust- ible fertility— on the high land thin, and in the prairies af- fords excellent grazing. On the streams are immense for- ests of valuable timber— pine in the W., oak, cedar, and ash in the E. Sulphur springs and iron ore are found. Farms 217; manuf. 0; dwell. 405, and pop.- wh. 12,328, fr. col. 0, si. 1,0S0— total 14,008. Capital: Anderson. GRniEsviLLE, p. v.. Grimes co., Tm. : 112 m. E. N. E. Austin City. Geimville, p. v., Berks co., Penn.: 66 m. E. llarrisburg. Gelndstone, p. 0., Daviess comity. Mo. : 142 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Grindstone Point, p. v., De Kalb co., Mo.: on Grind- stone cr., 144 m. N. W. JelTerson City. Geiswold, L and p. o., New London co.. Conn. : 39 m. E. by S. Hartford. Drained by Pachaug r. and other streams tributaries of Quinebaug r. Jewett City, a place of considerable mauuftictures, is situate at the confluence of the Pachaug, and is intersected by the Norwich and Worcester R. R. The water-power of these streams is immense. Pop. of t. 2,065. Gribwold, p. v., Hamilton county. III.: 188 m. S. S. B. Springlleld. Gkiswold'b Mills, p. o., Washington co.. A'. 3'. : 63 m. N. by E. Albany. Geiswoliistille, p. v., Jones CO., Ga. : on the Central R. R., 24 m. S. W. MilledgeviUe. OniswoLDsviLLE, p. v., Franklin county, Mass.: 77 in. W. by N. Boston. Grogansville, p. v., Rockingham co., N. Car. : 89 m. W. N.W.Raleigh. Groom's Cornee, p. o., Saratoga co., N. Y. Grooveevii.le, p. v., Thomas co., Ga.: about 3 m. W. of Ocilla r., 170 m. S. S. W. MilledgeviUe. Grosse Isle, p. o., Wayne county, Mich. : 80 m. 8. E. Lansing. Grosse Isle, the largest island of Detroit Strait, is situate at its mouth and extends up the strait, interlock- ing with Fighting Island. It is S m. long and from 1 to 2 bn.ad, with a surface of about 12 sq. m. It constitutes the I. of Monguagon. Geoss Tete, p. 0., Iberville par.. La. : 36 m. S. Baton Rouge. GiioTON, t. .and p. o., New London co.. Conn. ; 89 m. 8. E. Hartford. It occupies a peninsula jutting toward Long Island Sound, and bounded E. by Mystic r. ami W. by Thames r. It has a good hiu-bor on Mystic r., and some whaling and other shipping is owned here. The New London and Stoninglon R. R. passes through the t. Sur- face hilly and roeky ; soil indilTerent, exee])t along the Thames. There are several villages in the t, : Gnilon Bank, opposite New London ; Portersville, on the Mystic ; Paquonuck, and Groton Centre. Old Fort Griswold, one of the fortifications of New London Harbor, is on Groton Heights. A monument is here erected to the memory of the defenders of New London, who fell in the attack of Arnold on that place in 1781. Pop. of t. 8,743. Groton, t. and p. v., Middlesex Co., Mass. : 31 m. N. W. Boston. Drained by Nashua and Squanccook rivers, and it has a number of beautiful ponds. Surface diversifle. v., Grafton county, X. Iliunp. : 39 m. N. N. W. Concord. Drained by IJaker's r. ; and it has several pnnds. The river affords water-power. Surface diversified; soil fertile. There is a small v. in the t., and it has some small manufactures, but the people are chiefly agriculturials. Pop. of t. 776. Gruton, t. and p. v., Tonipkins co., N. T.: 129 m. W. Albany. Drained by Fall and other creeks. Surface un- dulating; soil, gravelly loam, and fertile. The v., on a creek of Owaaco Lake, contains several mills and manufae- luring eslablishmeDls,aud has about 4U0 inhabitants. Pop. of t 3,;i4:j. Gkoti-'N, p. o., Huron en,, 0?uo. Gboton. t. and p. v., Caledonia county. Verm, : 10 ra. K. Montpelier. Drained by "Wills r. and its affluents. There aro several large ponds in the t., at the outlets of which are fine miU-silea. Surface uneven ; soil various, but generally good for grass. The v. is on IrVills r., and has several mills. Pop. S95. Gboton City, p. v., Tompkins county, K T.: 132 m-TiV. Albany. GuorsE, p. 0., Kane county, 7/^. ; on Sugar cr., 147 m. N. N. E. Springfield. GiiOUT'8 CoKNEiis. p. o., Franklin county, Mms. : 75 m, y\\ N. W. IJoslon. The Vermont and Massachusetts K. li. has a station here, and at this point forms a junction with the i?raltleboro' Bmneh 11. li., which diverges north, and the Amherst and Belchertown It. K., which goes south. There is a small v. here, with a tavern, etc. Gp.ove, p. o., Chatliam co., K. Car. : 22 m. W. Ealeigh. Geovk, t. and p. o., Alleghany co., X. Y.: 20G m. "W. Albany. Drained by Cashaque and Canaseraga creeks. Surface undulating; soil saudy loam. Pop. 1,154. GuovE Ckkek, p. o., Jones co,. /(/. ,■ on a creek ofMako- quela r. so called, 44 m. N. by E. Iowa City. Grove Farm, p. o., Henderson co., III. : 9S ra. N. "W". Springfield. GiiovE IliLi^ p. o., Clark co., Ala.: lOS m. "W. S. "W. Montgomery. GuovE Hill, p. o., Warren co., JV. Car.: on the N. side of Fishing cr.. 47 m. N. N. E, Kaleigh. Grove Hill, p. o., Page county, Virg. : 93 m. N. "W. liiehmond. Geovf. Hill, p. o., Jackson parish, Za. : 152 m. N. "W. Baton Kouge. Geoveland, p. v., Tazewell county, III.: 50 m. N. Bpringflcld. Grovj:i.and, p. o., Essex co,, ^faflfi. Groveland, t. and p, o., Oaklanti co., Jfirh. ; G7 m. E. Lansing. Drained by affluents of Clinton river. Surface moslly level. Timber is very abundant. Pop. 9sO. Groveland, t. and p. v., Livingston co., A'^ 1* ,* 201 m. "W*. by N. Albany. Conesus Lake lies on the N. E. corner. Drained by Canaseraga cr. of Genesee r. Surface elevated and ridgy ; soil, sand and clay loam. The Genesee Val- ley Canal pas.-ies through this t. to Danville. Pop. 1,724. Obovei.ani>, p. o., Fulton county, Ohio: 127 ra. N. W. Columbus. Grovkland, p. v., "Winnebago co,, Wise. : 91 m. N. N. E. Madison. Groveland Centre, p. c, Livingston CO., K. Y. : 204 m. W. Albany. Grove Level, p. c, Franklin county, Ga. : 95 m. N. Milledgeville. Grove Mount, p. o., Dyer county, Tenn.: 151 m. W. KaBhvillc. Grovenou's Corners, p. o., Schoharie co., X. Y. Grove Port, p. o., Franklin co., Ohio. Gbovk'8, p. 0., Eush county, InU.: 42 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. GuovKToN, p. v., Prince William co., Virg. : &5 m. N. Iktchmond. Grovkvillk, p. v., Mercer co., K. Jer. GnriiB's Mills, p. o., Putnam co., Iiid. : 40 m. W. by S. Indianapoli.s. Grub Springb, p. o., Monroe co,, MiJit.: 147 m. N. E. Jackson. Grunpv counly, III. Situate N. E., and contains 324 sq. m. The Illinois r. divides the county, running from K. to W.; the junction of Des Plaines and Kimkaki-e rivers, which form it, being on its K. Ixmler. Surface undulaling and ijrairie land ; soils rich, without niueli timber. AValcr- power abundant, and eoal is lound. Sulphur si)rings exist in S. part. Farms 217; manuf. 0; dwell. 54-S, and pop.— wh. 8,021, fr. col. 2— total 3,023. Cajyttal : Morris. PuUio Work:-i: Illinois and Michigan Canal ; Chicago and Kock Island li. K. ; Chicago and Mississippi R. K. Gkundv county, ht. Situate centrally, and c<:'ntain9 501 sq. m. Drained by Black Hawk cr. and other affluents of Cedar r., which empties into the Iowa and Mississippi. Surface generally rolling, and soil productive, with some good timber. Unorganized in 1S50. Grundy county. Mo. Situate N., and contains 451 sq. m. Drained by E. fork of Grand r., Waldon r., and other afflu- ents of Grand r.,a branch of the Missouri. Surface moslly even, and soil rich prairie or good pasture ground. Farms 255; manuf. 5; dwell. 477, an'DOTTE, p. v., Cabell Co., Virg. : on the Ohio r.. at the mouth of Guyandolte r.. 267 m. W. by N. Eichmond. It is one of the most important points of steamboat navigation in Western Virginia, and the great st.ige route to Winchester commences here. A railro.ad is also projected to Coving- ton and the east generally. 11 contains several extensive stores, various mechanic shops, and about 800 inhabitants. In the vicinity are found many relics of a former race of in- haliitants, as bones, arrows, stone-axes, etc. GuYANDOTTE river, Virg. : a large tributary of the Ohio, from Virginia. It rises in Wyoming co. from the Great Flat Top Mountain, and flowing in a N. N. W. direction, GUY HAG passes through Logan and Cabell coimlies into tho Ohio r., 17 ra. above the mouth of Uig Sandy r. It is about 200 m. locg. There are lulls and rapids in this river, whieh furnish extensive ^ater-power. Gut's Mills, p. c, Crawford co., Penn. : 20S m. N. "W. Uarrisburc. GpTSviLLE, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: on the N. bank of noekliofkingr., 73 m. S. E. Columbus. GwTNNEU, t. and p. o., Montijoniery co., Penn. ; SG ra. E. ITarrisburg. Drained by Wisaahiekon and Towameiising creeks, which afford mill-sites. Surface rolling; soil sandy loam. It has several mills and stores, and 1,571 inhabitants. Gwinnett county, Gti. Situaje N. centrally, and con- tains 541 sq. m. Brained by branches of Chaltahooehee r., its N. W. boundary, which runs S. W. into Appalachicola Bay. and by Yellow r. and other lieads of Oeraulgce and Oconee rivers, which run S. E. into the Atlantic, t^ur- face elevated and mountainous, being the watershed be- tween the Gulf and the Atlantic. Soils good on the streams, and productive of wheat, corn, and cotton. Farms l,ii36; nianuf. 26; dwell. 1,610, and pop.— wh. S,953, fr. col. 10, el. 2,294— toUil 11.257. 0'pif<'? : Lawrenceville. Gypsum, p. c, Oulario county, ^'. )'.; US m. "W. by N. Albauy. H. Habersham county, this point, and the v. has considerable trade with New York. Hackensaok, t., Bergen county, y. Jer. : 7S m. N. E. Trenton. It lies between Hudson and Ilackensack rivers, and is a rich agricultm-al town, and has several manufac- tures. Pop. 3.4S6. Hackensack river, Al Jer. .• rises in Rockland Lake, and has a course of about 4i» m. to Newark Bay. In its upper course it is a fine mill-stream ; at Ilackensack v. it meets the tide, and thence flows through a level marsh to its confluence. Hackettstown, p. v., "Warren county, Al Jer. : on the TV. side of Musconetcoug r., 44 m. N. Trenton. The Morris Canal passes it a little to tlie "W. It contains several mills and stores, and about 400 inhabitants. Hackxes's Cross Eoads, p. o., Chatham co., A'l Oir.: 24 m. W. Ealeigh. Uaddam, t., p. v., and one of the capitals of Middlesex CO., Conn.: 23 m. S. by E. Hartford. Drained chiefly by streams flowing into the Coimecticut r., which makes its E. boundary. Surface uneven and rough; the lauds on the river, however, are smooth and fertile, though not altogether alluvial. Soils generally gravelly loam. There are im- mense quarries of freestone in the town, and large quanti- ties are annually exported. The v. contains a court-house, jail, etc. Pop. of L 2.2S4. Haiidel's Point, p. o., Charleston dist,, S. Car. Haddock's, p. o., Nassau county, Flor. ; 172 m. E. by N. Tallahassee, Haddonfield, p. v., Camden co., Al Jer. : on the S. <>f Cooper's cr., 2S m. S. S. "W. Trenton. It contains several mills, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. ITades's, p. 0., Madison county, Ala. : 153 m. N. Montgomery. Hadensville, p. v., Todd county, Ky. : 16S m. S. ^T. Frankfort. HADEN6-\nLLE, p. V., Goochlaud CO., Virg. : 31 m.W. N.W. Bichmond. Hadley, t. and p. o., Lapeer co,, 2fich. : 46 m. E. by N. Lansing. Drained by the heads of Farmer's cr. of Flint r., which rise from many small lakes and ponds. Surface generally level, but varied ; soil, deep and rich vegetable mold. There arc numerous water-mills in the town, and several stores. Pop. 846. Hadley, p. v., Will co., ///. ; 143 m. N. E. Springfield. Hadley, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Jfasa. : 77 m. W. Boston. The Connecticut r. runs on its W. border, and is the recipient of two small mill-streams. It is connected with Northampton by a bridge 1,0S0 feet long. Hadley contains a large and ferlUe tract of alluvial meadow — in the E. part the land is elevated, and on the S. bonier is Ilolyoke range. Tobacco and broom-cora are extensively grown. The v. is built on two parallel streets extending across a peninsula, f'irmed by an abrupt bend of the river, and called respec- tively East and West Street — each about a mile long, and each having a separate Congregational church. Hoj)kiu3 Academy, an old, well endowed, and flourishing institution, is situate between the two streets. Hadley has several man- ufactures, but is most celebrated for its manufacture of brooms, which are made by every farmer. Pop. of t. 1.9S6. Hadley was a retreat of the celebrated Gofl"e and Whalley, two of the judges who condemned Charles I. : they remain- ed in seclusion here for more than 15 years, when Whalley died; Goffe died and was buried in New Haven several years after. Hadley, t. and j). o., Saratoga co., A' T. : 44 m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by Sacandaga r., which here enters the Hudson r., which latter makes its E. boundary. SurlacG hilly; soil in general fertile — some only fit for grass. Had- ley Falls, on the Hudson, a little above the confluence of the Sacandaga, afford extensive water-power. Timber Is abund- ant, and in the t. there are numerous saw-mills, and there are also grist and other mills in operation. I'op. 1.012. IIadley's Mills, p. o., Chatham co., Al Car. : 42 ni. W. Raleigh. IlADtYiiE, p. T., New London co., Twi". ; on the E. side of Connecticut r., 29 m. S. S. E. Hartford. It has some man\ifaclurcs. Hadsot's, p. 0., Carteret county. A' Cur.: 122 m. S. E. Raleigh. Haeelem, p. v., New York co., 2^. Y.: on a plain on the S. side of Haerlem r., 7^ m. N. N. E. City Hall. It forms a part of the twelfth ward of the City of New York, and is connected therewith by the Haerlem R. R. and several lines ofstages. It has numerous and extensive manufacturing establishments, stores, and mechanic shops, and within the village, on the avenues leading to it, or in its vicinity, are many elegant residences, chiefly occupied by persons doing business in the city. On the opposite side of the river aro several new suburban villages, which are rapidly filling up. Hagaman's Mills, p. v., Montgomery co., Al Y.: 32 m. W. N. W. Albany. Here are several mills, and about 2i;0 inhabitants. Hager's Geove, p. 0., Shelby county, Jlo.: .>7 m, N. Jefferson City. Hager-stown, p. T., Wayne co., I7i(h : on the W. side of the West Fork of White Water river, 52 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. It is a thriving v. of 50<3 or mu inhabitants. The White Water Canal has its N. terminus here, and the village is also intersected by the Richmond and Newcastle R. R~ Hagebstown, p. T., and cap. Washington co., Md. : on 269 HAG HAL the "W. side of Antietam cr., 22 m. above i\a confluence with the Potomac, and 87 ra. W. N. W. Annapolis. Lat 39° 37' N., and long:. "'^ 35' "W. The v. is located in a flue and flourishing as^icultural district, ofwhich-it is the centre, and is connected by the Franklin K. It. with the railroads of Pennsylvania. It is well built, with regular and wide streets, and contains a number of substantial public ediflces, a court-house, jail, town hall, etc. It has seven newspa- pers, the "II. News" (neutral), the *' Herald of Freedom" (whije;). the "H. Mail" (dem.), the " People's Own" (neu- tral), the "Torchlight" (whig), the " liepubiican" (dem.), and the " Casket" (neutral)— all issued weekly. There are two banks in the v. In 1S50 it bad 3.S&4 inhabitants, of which 435 were free persons of color and 1S3 slaves. Hagekstown, p. v., Preble county, Ohio ; S4 m. W. Columbus. Hageksville, p. v., Bucks county, Pemi. : 6T m. E. Harrisburg. Hague, p. v., Logan co., Kij. : 147 m. S. W. Frankfort Hague, t and p. v., Warren co., M Y. : 67 m. N. Albany. Drained chiefly into Lake George, which lies on its E. bor- der. Surface somewhat mountainous, and forming fine grazing fields. The v. overlooks Lake George, and is a small agricultural settlement. In the t there are several saw and grist mills, and 717 inhabitants. Hague, p. v., Westmoreland co., Virg. : 51 m. N. E. Richmond. IL^iNEsnrEGH, p. v., Warren co., iV. Jer. : 41 m. N. N.W. Trenton. Hainesvillk, p. v., Lake county, III. : 192 m. N. E. Springfield. Hainesvtlle, p. V.,' Clinton county, Mo. : 146 m. N. W. Jeflcrson City. IlArNESViLLE, p. V., Susscx CO., ZT. Jci'. .' 62 m. N. by W. Trenton. Halawaea, p. v., Chambers county, Ala. : on the cr. so called, an affluent of Chattahoochee river, 74 m. E. N. E. Montgomery. Halcyon, p. o., Westmoreland co., Penn.: 147 m. W. Harrisburg. Halcyondale, p. T., Scriven co., Ga. : on the left bank of the Ogeechee river, 112 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. The Central (Georgia) E. R. passes through it 60 miles from Savannah. Hale, p. o., Ogle co., M. : 152 m. N. Springfleld. Halk, t. and p. o., Hardin county, Ohio : 54 m. N. W. Columbus. Drained by head streams of Scioto r. Surface varied ; soil rich and productive. The Mad Kiver and Lake Erie R. R. passes through its N. W. comer. Pop. 423. Hale's Eddy, p. v., Broome co., A^ Y. : on the Delaware river, 92 m. W. S. W. Albany. By route of the Erie R. R. (on which it has a station), it Ls distant from New York 1S2 miles, and from Dunkirk 2S7 miles. Hale's Ford, p. o., Franklin co., Virff. : 133 m.W. 8. W. Eiebraond. Hale's Milus, p. o., Fentress co., Tenn. : 106 m. E. by N. Nashville. Haleysburgh, p. v., Lunenburg eo., Virg. ; 49 m. S. W. Richmond. Half Day, p. o,, Lake county, JU. : on the W. Bide of Desplaines r., ISS m. N. E. Springfleld. Half ilooN, I. and p. o., Saratoga co., J^. T.: 13 m. N. Albany. Hudson r. on the E. forms its boundaries in that direction. Surface varied ; soil sandy loam and clay. It has several mills and raechanie shops, and 10 or 12 stores. The Chami)lain Canal passes through it, and also the Rensselaer and Saratoga E. E., and the Albany Northern R. R. Pop. 2,78^. Half Moon, t. and p. o.. Centre county, Pcmn. : 76 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Bald Eagle cr. and Half Moon r., a branch of Spruco cr. Surface mountainous ; soil in Ihe valleys, calcareous loam. It is situate between two ridges of the Alleghanies. Iron ore, etc., is abundant, 270 and there are several manufactories, mills, etc, in the town Pop. 1,519. Half Wat, p. c, Polk county, Mo.: 9S m. S. W. Jefferson City. Half-Wat House, p. v., York co., Virg. : 47 m. E. S. E. Richmond. Half- Wat Peaiexk, p. c, Monroe co., Za. : 89 m. W. 8. W. Iowa City. Halifax county, X Car. Situate N. E., and contains 545 sq. m. Drained by Roanoke r., which forms its N. and E. boundar}', and Fishing cr., a branch of Tar r., which is its S. boundary. The Roanoke is here navigable for large coasters, and makes marketing easy. Surface rolling or hilly. Soil good ; in parts very productive. Cotton, com, and tobacco are the leading crops. Lumber is also ex- ported. Farms S68; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,759, and pop.— wh. 5,7G3, fi-. col. 1,S72, si. ^,954— total 16,5S9. Ca;Htal: Halifax. Puhlia Works : Wilmington and Weldon R. R. ; Gaston and Raleigh R. E. Halifax county, Virg. Situate on S. line centrally, and contains 765 sq. m. Drained by afiluents of Roanoke r, which bounds it N. and N. E., and of Dan r., a l>raneh of tiie Roanoke. Surface diversified with hill and valley, and covered in parts with flne pine timber. Soils generally pro- ductive. Tobacco is the staple. Com and wheat are good crops. Farms 1,309; manuf. 21; dwell. 2,152, and pop.— wh. 11.006, fr. col. 504, bI. 14,452— total 25,962. Capital : Halifax C. H. Public Works: Richmond and Danville E. R. Halifax, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 27 m. S. by E. Boston. Drained by several ponds, the outlets of which an"urd water-power. Surface generally level ; soil of average fertilily. The v. is located centrally. Pop. of t. 734. Halifax, p. v., port, and cap. Halifax co., A^. Car. ; on Ihe left bank of Roanoke r., 7 m. below the great falls, and at the bead of sloop navigation, 72 m. N. E. Raleigh. It is laid out with great regularity, and contains a court-house, Jail, etc., and is a place of considerable trade. It has a newspaper, the "Roanoke Republican" (whig), a weekly issue. The Wilmington and Weldon R, R. passes the v., and by means of a canal around the falls, the Roanoke is navigal)Ie for boats 130 miles above it. Halifax, t. and p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. : 16 m. N. Harrisburg. Drained by several creeks which enter the Susquehanna on the W. border of the t. Surface moun- tainous; soil red shale. The v. is on the E. bank of Sus- quehanna r., and h.is about 400 inhabitants. The t. has several grist, saw, and flour miDs, and tanneries. Pop. 2.S22. Halifax, p. v., and cap. Halifax co., Virg.: on the S. side of Bannister r., 87 m. S. W. Richmond. Halifax, t and p. v., Windham eo., Verm.: 106 m. S. Montpelier, Drained by Green and North rivers, both flne mill-streams. On a branch of North r. is a succession of cascades, extending 100 rods, with falls of 15 to 20 feet each. Surface elevated and uneven; soil fertile and well adapted to grazing. The prmcipal v. is situated toward the south. Pop. of t. 1,133. Halifax, p. v., Wilson co., Tenn. : 23 m. E. Nashville. Hall county, Ga. Situate N. E., and contains 651 sq. m. Drained by Chattahoochee r., which intersects the N. half. Surface in the S. E. much broken by a range of hills or mountains, in the N. and W. more even, witli some mead- ows. Soil on the rivers very fertile, yielding good crops of tobacco, wheat, and com; on the higher land ts good graz- ing. It has mineral resources, though but partially de- veloped. Farms 697; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,300, an»l pop. — wh. 7,570, fr. col. 7, si. 1,336— total 3,713. Capital: Gaines- ville. Haxl, p. o., Lawrence county, Mo.: 142 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Hallettsville, p. v., Lavacca co., Taa*. ; 87 m. 3. E. Austin City. HAL HAM IIali-oca, p. v., Muscogee co., Qa.: 113 m. W. S. W. MiUedgerillo. IIallowell, t. and p. v., Kennebec county, Me. : 2 m. S. by "W. Aug:usta, and facing on Kennebec r., which is Iiere navigable. It is a good farming section, and has excellent mill-power. The t. lies on the river bank, with which the principal streets run parallel, and these are crossed at right angles by others which rise in grade to 200 feet back from the stream. The business street on the river has numerous substantial brick warehouses and stores, and many of the dweUings are built with neatness and taste. Vessels drawing 9 feet water come up to the wharves, and regular steamboats ply between this place and Portland and Boston. It has also numerous vessels employed in the coasting trade. The i)rinciiial exports are lumber, granite, etc. ; the granite quarries have been worked for upward of 80 years, and yield a beautiful building stone of a light color and easily wrought, A newspaper, the "II. Gazette," is issued weekly. Pop. o{ the t, 4.70y. The Kennebec and Portland E. E. passes through Ihc v., and has its present terminus at Augusta. HallowkllCeoss Roads, p. c, Kennebec co,, Me.: 4 m. "W. by S. Augusta. Hallsa's Cbeek, p. o,, Nodaway co., Mo. : 192 m. N. "W. Jefferson City. II ALLS BOROUGH, p. T,, Powhjitan co,, Virg. : 85 m. S. W. Frank tort. Hall's Cobxers, p. v., Ontario county, K T.: IGO m, "W. by N. Albany. The Ganandaigua and Elmira li. K. passes through the y, 53 m. from Elmira aud 1-1 from Canandaigua. Hall's Coesees, p. o., AJIeu co., Ind. ; 101 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Hall's Cross Eoads, p. o., Ilarfbrd co., Md. : 4T m. N. by E. Annapolis. Hall's Cross Koads, p. o., Franklin co., K Car. : 8T m. N. E, Raleigh. Hall's Hill, p. c, Euthcrford co., Tetui.: 29 m. S. E. Kashville. Haxl's Store, p. o., Sussex co., Del. : 53 ra. S. Dover. Hall's stream, K. Ramp. : asmall r. from the Highlands, forming the boundary between the United States and Cana- da, and is one of the sources of Connecticut r. By the treaty of 1S42, it is made a part of the boundarj' until it intersects the old line of 17S4, marked as 45° N. lat.,but which is now ascertained to be a little N. of that parallel. Hall's Valley, p. o.. Morgan co., Ohio: 67 m. E. by S. Columbus. Hallsville, p. v., Boone county, Mo. : 31 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. Hallsville, p. v., Duplin co., iV; Car. : on the E. bank of North East Cape Fear r,, 76 m, S, E. Kaleigh. Hali^ville, p. T,, Montgomery co., JV. T. : 54 m. "W. N. W. Albany. Hallsvillc, p. v., Eoss county, Ohio: 38 m. S. by E. Columbus. Halltown, p. v., Jefferson co., Yirg. : on the line of the "Winchester and Potomac K. E,, 7 m. from Harper's Ferry, and 129 m. N. N, E. Richmond. Halselltille, p. v., Chester dist., S. Car. : 51 m. N. Columbia, Halsey'8, sta., Campbell co., Virg. : on the line of the Virginia and Tennessee E. E,, 5 m. W. Lynchburg. Hai£et Valley, p. o.. Tioga co., .V: Y. : 132 m. "W. S. W. Albany. Hambatich'Sj p. 0., "Warren co., Virg. : 106 m. N. "W. Richmond. Hamburg, p. v., St. Charles co., Mo.: S6 m. E. by N. Jefferson City. Hamburg, p. v., Perry co., Ala. : a little to the W. of Cahawba r., Gl m. "W. N. W. Montgoraerj-. IlAMiiuao. p, V,, New London co., Conn. : 83 m. S. 3. E. Hartford. It baa considerable manufactures. Hambueo, p. v., Macou county, Ga,: SI m. S. W. MiUedgeville. IIambl-eg, p. v., Clarke co., Ind. : on n branch of Silver cr., 97 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Tlie Indianapolis and Madison E. E. passes it about a mile to the E., and the New Albany and Salem E. E. about 2 m. to the W. HAstuuEG, p. v., Calhoun co., lU. : on the E. side of the Mississippi r., C3 m, S. "W. Springfield. It has a good land- ing, aud contains sever;il industrial ostMblishmeiils, stores, etc., and has a considerable trade. Pop. about 4()it. Hamburg, p. v,, and eaj), ^VsUley co.,xlrA-. ; 119 m.S. bvE. Little Kock. IIambubg, p. v., Franklin co,. Miss. : 74 m. S. "W. by S. Jackson, Hajibueg, p. T,, Preble county, Ohio: 87 m. "W. by 9. Columbus. IIasiburo, t. and p. o., Livingston co., Mich. : 40 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by numerous lakes and ponds emptying into Huron r. Surface level; soils fertile, but frequently wet. The v, lies on the S. or left side of the Huron. In the t, there are several mills, stores, etc., and S95 inhab- itants. Hamburg, p, v., Sussex co,, K. Jer.: near the E. bank of Wallkill r., 67 m. N. by E. Trenton. It has several mills, and abinit 20il inhabitants. IlAMBrf-G, t. and p. v,, Erie co., iV. Y.: 257 m. "W. Albany. Drained by Caurjuaga, Rush, and Smokes creek3 of Lake Erie, which bounds it on the W. Surface undu- lating ; soil a fertile calcareous loam. Hamburg, Hamburg- on-tlie-Lake, and East Hamburg are villages in this t. It has numeruus saw aud grist mills, and is a fine agricultural cctuntry. On the lake are several convenient harbors for small craft The Buffalo and State Line (Lake Shore) E. R. passes through it. Pop. of t. 5,219. HAiiBUEG, p, b,, Berks co., Penn.: near the Schuylkill water-gap of Blue Mountain, 53 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. It is a place of considerable business, lying on the canal \C. of the Schuylkill, and having the Eeading R. E. on Ihi^ opposite side of the stream. Pop. 1,035. Hameuug, p. v., Hardin county, Term. : 113 m. S, W, Nashville. II AMisuBG,v,, Frederick co., Md.: at the base of Catoeiiu Mountain, 61 ra, N. W. Annapolis. H.UIBUEGU, p. v., Edgefield disL, iS. Oar.: on the E. 3ide of the Savannah r., 73 dlW. S. W. Columbia. Augusta, tri. Of>;t?aZ ; Noblesville. PuUic Works: Indianapolis and Peru K. It. HAiULTON county, 21. Y. Situate N. E., and contains 1,064 sq. m. Drained by Indian r., a head, and Sacandaga r., a branch of Hudson r. on the E. ; and W. and 8. by liea- ver r., emptying into Lake Ontario, and branches of the Mohawk. Surface elevated and mountainous, sending nu- merous streams in all directions, and covered mostly with the primitive forests. It has numerous lakes: Long, Bea- ver, Piseco, Kound, and Pleasant lakes are noted for majes- tic scenery and fine fishing. Around these, and on the streams, the soil is productive; its character is eminently agricultural. Farms 201 ; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 407, and pop.— wh. 2,1S6, tr. col. 2— total 2,188. Capital: Lake Pleiisant. Public Works : Saratoga and Sackett's Harbor 11. E. Hamilton county, Ohio, Situate in 3. W. corner, and contains 404 sq. m. Drained by Mill cr., and While Water, Miami, and Little Miami rivers, all atllueuts of the Oiiio, which washes its S. border. Surface made up ou the Ohio of a series of terraces extending back for some distance, one above another, with moderate ascents between, and ter- minating in a beautiful variety of hills and wooded valleys. Soil exceeding productive, and under high cultivation. Wheat and corn are easily and abundantly grown. The culture of the grape is extensive, and has proved very suc- cessful, both in quantity and quality, the wines manufac- tured comparing favorably with those of France. Tbe vine- yards are among the most beautiful sights seen on the Ohio. Manufactures of every kind are carried on extensively, and its relations with Cincinnati and the Ohio make it one of the first counties of the State. Farms 2,502 ; manuf. 1,463 ; dweU. 21,021, and pop.— wh. 153,423, fr. col. 3,420— total 156,S43. Capital: Cincinnati. Fulllc Work^s: Little Mi- ami E. K. ; Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton K. E. ; Cin- cinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg E. E. ; Cincinnati and Marietta E. E. ; Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesville P.P.; Cincinnati and Dayton (direct) E. E. ; Ohio and Mississippi E. E. ; White Water Canal ; Miami Canal, etc. Hamilton county, Tenn. Situate S. E., and contains €15 sq. m. The Tennessee intersects it from N. to S., and its allluents, Sauda and Chickamauga creeks and Hiwassec river drain it Surface in the E. broken or mountainous ; In the W. more even. Soils generally fertile, and adapted to grass and the grains. Some cotton is raised, and much 272 pork fatted. Farms 633 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,590, and pop. — wh. 9,216, fr. cot 1S7, st 672— total 10,075. Capital : Har- rison. Public Worku: Western and Atlantic E. 11. ; Nash- ville and Chattanooga E. It. ; and Chattanooga and Charles- ton E. E. Hamilton, p. v., and cap. Harris co., ffa. ; 101 m.W.S.W. Milledgeville. It is situate on the W. extremity of Oak Mountain, and contains a court-house, jail, etc., several stores, and about 50 dwellings. Hamilton, p. v., Mahaska co., Ja. : on Des Moines r., 62 m. S. W. Iowa City. Hamilton, p. v., Steuben co., Ind. : at the S. end of a small lake emptying into Fish cr. of St Joseph's r., 136 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. There are large mills at the outlet of the lake. Hamilton, p. o., Lafayette county, Wtsc. : 51 m. S. W Madison. Hamilton, p. v., Shelby co., Tex. : on the W. bank of Sabine r., 206 m. E. N. E. Austin. Hamilton, p. v., Boone co., A'y- •* 59 m. N. Frankfort. HA.UILTON, p. v., and caj). Monroe co., Jli-ss.: above the confluence of the Buttahatchie with Tombigbee r., 139 m. N. E. Jacivson. Hamilton, t. and p. o., Yan Euren co., Mic?i. : 64 m. W. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Dowagiac r., on which are extensive marshes. Surface level ; soil fertile. Pop. 372. Hasolton, t and p. o., Essex co., Mass. : 19 m. N. N. E. Boston. Drained by a branch of Ipswich river. Surface moderately uneven and diversified ; soil generally produc- tive. It has some manufactures. Pop. Sb9. Hamilton, p. v., Martin co., iV. Car. : on the left bank of Eoanoke r., 92 m. E. by N. Ealeigh. Hamilton, i. and p. v., Madison co., 2^. Y.: 69 m. W. Albany. Drained by the heads of Chenango r. Surface uneven ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. The v. on Chenan- go r. contains numerous stores, mechanic shops, etc., and about 1,600 inhabitants. It supports a newspaper, the " II. Eeflector" (dem.) issued weekly. It is the seat of Madison University, and the Hamilton Library and Theological Insti- tution, the latter being the original institution, but now a de- partmentof the former. It was founded 1S19, and in 1S46 re- ceived a charter as a university. It is well endowed, and is in a highly prosperous condition. The University in 1S50 had 9 professors, 127 students, 200 alumni, and a library of 7,000 volumes; and the Theological Institution had 4 pro- fessors, 32 students, and a library of 4,000 volumes. Thcso institutions are both under the Baptists. Pop. of t 3,599. Hamilton, p. v., and cap. Butler co., Ohio: on the E. bank of Great Miami r., 92 m. W. S. W. Columbus. It is connected with Eossville, on the opposite side of the river, by a bridge. The v. has a court-house, jail, etc., numerous warehouses, stores, mills, factories, and mechanic shops, and as a commercial and railroad centre is one of the most Im- portant places within the State. Here a junction is fonncd between the several railroads from Indiana and the Cincin- nati, Hamilton, and Dayton E. E. ; and the Miami Canal passes through it Pop. 3,207. Two newspapers are pub- lished here, the "H. Intelligencer" (whig), and the "H. Telegraph'' (dem), both weekly issues. Hamilton, p. v., Loudon co., Virff. : 116 m. N. Eichmond. Hamilton Ckoss Eoads, p. c, M'Minu co., Tenn. : 123 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Hamilton Landing, p. o., Jackson co., Tmn. : 67 m. E.N. E.Nashville. Hamilton Square, p. o., Mercer CO., A^. Jer. HAMILTO-^^^LLE, v., Mifflin co., Pemi. : on the W. bank of Juniata r., and on the line of the Pennsylvania Canal, 52 m. W. by N. Harrlsburg. It contams about 70 dwellings. Hamlet, p. o.. Chautauque county, A^ Y. : 279 m.W. by 8. Albany. Hamlet, v. and sta., Providence co., li. I. : on the lino of the ProvideniA) and Worcester E. R,, 16 m. N. by W. Providence. HAM HAM IlAHMnrsTtnvN, V. ami stn.. Burlinsitnn co., JV'. .Tn\ : on Ihe C.iiiKkii an«l Aniimy li. U., 6> m. from New York Cily, and 19 m. from Philn m. K. N. E. Colundius. IIammonto.n, p. v., Atlantic county, .A"", ./f/'. .' 42 m. S. Trenton. Hammosville, p. v., Hart county, Kt/. : 79 m. S. "W. Frankfort. IIamorton, p. v., Chester county, Pe/iJi. : C2 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisbur;;. IIami'Dkn county, Sfass. Situate S. W., and contains 5S5 eq. m. The Connecticut divides it about equally in il.s S. coivrse, and it is drained by its affluents— W. by West- field and Agawam rivers, and — E. by Ware and Chicopce ; the Quimiebauir r. also rises in llie E. Surface much divcr- Bidcd ; in the W. very hilly and broken, except on the streams: in the E. less broken, and pleasantly varied, and on the l)anks of the Connecticut a narrow strip of low, level nieadow.s. These are unsurpassed in fertility and loveliness. Aside from them there is mueh prime land In both sections of the county. The W. has some timber ; but the great business is manufactures — those, hitherto confined to Palmer, Westileld.Chicopee. and Springfield, now find the greatest power at llolyoke. where a dam across the Con- necticut, built in 1S49. affords the best water-power in the State. There are cotton and woolen factories in Palmer and Ctiicopee; whip and cignr inWestfleld; and railroad car ami locomotive in Sprinirfi'']d. Farms 2,616; manuf. 8Sf>; dwell. 9.0^3, an.I pop— wh. 5">,7«r), fr. col. 40r.— total 51,281. CapiUil: Springfield. pHhUe Worku: Western li. R. ; Connecticut Liver R. R. ; Chicopee Falls Branch R. R. ; New London, Willimantic. and P.nlmer R. R. ; Am- herst and Beh'hertown R. R. ; New Haven, Hartford, and Springflcl'l R. R. : and New Haven and Northampton R. R. nAiiPDEN. t, and p. o., Columbia co.. ir/tc. ; 20 m. N. by E. Madison. Drained by a head branch of Rock r. Surface rolling; soil deep mold and well wooded. Pop. 4-39. IlAMi'DKy, p. v., Marengo county, Ala.: 94 m. W. Montgomery. II AMPiiFV. t. and p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : 59 m. F. N. F. Augusta. Drained by SoAvadabscook r., which alTords w.a- ter-i(Ower, and the Penobscot river forms its E. boundary. Surface beautifully diversified ; soil fertile. The v. issituate .•\t the confluence of the two rivers. C m. below Bangor, and carries on an extensive trade in timber and agricultural produce. Pop. of t. :j,195. TlAMi-nr.s, t and p. o., Geauga eo., OJiio : 147 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by affluents of Grand river, which empties into Lake Erie. Surface elevateil and diversified ; Boil rich and productive. The v. is situate eentrally, and is n small agricultural settlement. Pop. oft. 919. L2 IIampdes-Sidni;y Coi.t-f.ce, p. o., Prince Edward county, Virg. : 62 m.W. S.W. Riclimond. The College was found- ed in 17S3, and in 18511 had G professors, l,5ti0 alumni. 25 students, nnd a library of 90,000 volumes. A preparatory academy is atlached to the College. Ha-mpsuiue county. Mof^s. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains 533 sq. m. Divided from N. to S. by the Cmmeclicut river, and watered by its afHuents, which afford much water-power. Surface much broken in the W. ; in the E. hi'.ly, au'i on tlie Connecticut r. a beautiful meadow. Soil in the middle rich meadow, i)roduciug great crops of corn, clover, hay, broom-corn, and tobacco; in the W. excellent grazing land, with fine dairies; and in the E. fine farms, except on the highest ground. Mount Tom and Mount llolyoke, with their a/?(f;.- Northampton. Pithlic Workif : Connecticut River R. E. : Western R. R. ; Amherst and Belchertown R. R.; New Haven and Northampton R. R, IlAMPSini'.E county, Virg. Situate N., and contains S33 sq. m. brained by S. branch of the Potomac r.. Great and Liltle Cacapon r., Nortli r., Patterson's cr., and other afflu- ents of the Potiimac r.. which forms its N. boundary. It lies between the Blue Ridge and East AUeghnny mount- ains, the latter intersecting tlie W. Jinlf. The surface is ele- vated and broken, affording many mill privileges, and ex- cellent grazing. All the grains yield finely in the numerous valleys, and the mountains are well timbered, furnishing material for many saw-mills. Farms 1.063; mamif. 57; dwell. 2,035. and pop.— wh. 12,3S9, fr. col. 214, si. 1.433— total 14.036. Capital : Uonmay. PuhlicWorks: Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Hampsuire, p. v., Kane county, IlL: 172 m. N. N. E. Springfield. HAMPsiitBE, p. v., Lewis county, Teim.: 58 m. S. W. Nashville. Hampste.vp, p. v., Carroll co., Md.: 6 m. N. E. West- minster, and 55 m. N. W. Annapolis. Hampstkad. t. an7. : 13 m. W. Indianapolis, and connected with that cily I)y a plank-rond. Hampton, p. v., Rock Island co., PL : 126 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Hampton. I. and p. o., Saginaw co., ^fu•I/. : Gl m. N. E. Lansing. It lies on the E. side of Saginaw r., near its en- trance to Saginaw Bay. Pop, 546. Hampton-, t. and p. v., Rockingham co., JS^. ITamp.: 41 m. S. E. Concord. Faces S. E. on the Atlantic Ocean, and on its shore is a singular cliff, called the Roar's Head. The soil is fertile, and about a fillh of the surface is salt marsh. It has a good harbor, and is engaged in coasting and fisliing. The Eastern R. R. passes through the 1 10 m. S. Portsmouth, Pop. 1,197. S78 HAM HAN Hammos, t. and p. v.. Wasliingrton co., K. Y. : 5S m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by Poultney r., which se])ar!itL'S it from Vermont. Surface diversified by hills and valleys — the valleys rich and productive. The v. is a small agricul- tural settlement. In tlie t. tliere are several industrial es- tablishments, and S99 inhabitants. Hampton, p. v., Adams co., Perm.: 22 m. S. by 'W. Uarrisburg. II.A.MPTON, p. v., and cap. Elizabeth City co., Virg, : on the "W. side of Hampton r., about a mile from its entrance into Hampton Roads, 74 m. S. E. Kichmond. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., about 2fl stores of various descrip- tions, 150 dwellings, and 1,200 inhabitants. Hamptonburgu, t. and p. v., Orange co., IT. Y.: S3 m. S. S. "W. Albany. Drained by Murderer's cr. and "VVaUkill, the latter of which bounds it on the N. W. Surface undu- latinff ; soil a fertile clay loam. The p. o. is 4 m. N. of Goshen. Pop. of 1. 1,343. Hampton Falls, t. and p. o., Eockingham co., JV^ Hamj). : 43 m. S. E. Concord. Situate immediately S. of Hampton, and divided from it by the r., from which it is named. In physical character, etc., it is similar in every respect to Hampton, from it was separated in 17- tatoes exported. Farms 2,271; manuf. 205; dwell. 5.550, and pop.— wh. 34,343, fr. col. 29— total 34,372. Capital: Castine. Hancock county, Mi^iS. Situate S., and contains 93?i sq. m. Drained— E. by Wolf r., emptying into St. Louis Bay, and — "W. by branches of Pearl r., its boundary toward Louisiana, a large navigable stream flowing into Lako Bnrgne. Surface rolling or low and level ; soil mostly un- productive, with a growth of pine on much of it. Cotton and rice are the products. Farms 77; manuf. 11; dwell. 499, and pop.— wh. 2.444, fr. col. 12, si. 1,216— total 3,672. Caj'ttal: Shieldsboro'. Hancock county, Ohio. Situate N. "W. centrally, and contains 52S sq. m. Drained by branches of Blanchard's Fork of Maumee r. and heads of Portage r., both of which flow into Lake Erie. Surface undulating ; soil ver\' produc- tive of all the grains, on which much pork is fattened. It is well wooded, and has several good mill streams. Farms 1,636 ; manuf. 35 ; dwell. 2,S24, and pop.— wh. 16,725, fr. col. 26— total 16,751. Capital : Findlay. Public W»rk3 : Find- lay Branch R. R. Hancock county, Temi. Situate N. E., and contains 312 sq. m. Drainen the streams very fertile. The v. is a small setllemenL This t. is noted for ils line timber. It has considerable manufactures, and enjoys many water privilegL's for navigation and milling. The liuffalti and State Line li. P. passes througli its N. W. part, and iIk- New York and Erie li. K. through its 6. por- tions. Pop. 5,1-14. Uanovei:, I. and p. o., Licking co., 0/no : 41 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Licking r., which runs through it. Surface gcnt-rally level ; soil dark loam and sand, very fer- tile. The Ohio Canal runs along the valk-y nf the Licking, and also the Stcubenville and Indiana IC. U., on tlie opjiu- aite side of the r. Pop. 1,1S7. Hanover, p. b., York co., Penn.: on a branch of Cone- wago cr. of Susquehanna r., 31 m. S. llarrisburg. It is a highly flourishing place with several manufactures, and has two newspapers, the "li. Spectator" and the "II. Giizeite." both weekly issues. Pop. 1,240. A branch of the lialti- more and Susquehanna K. U. comes up tu tlie liorough. Hanoveu, p. v., Coosa co., Ala.: 41 m. N. Montgomery. Uanovkk, p. v., and cap. Hanover eo., Viry, : near I'a- munky r., and on the line of the Virginia Central 11. K., IS U). N. Richmond. It cmtains a court-house. Jail, etc., and about 2U0 inhabitants. Hasovku Centre, p. v., Grailon co., i\^. Ilamp.: 53 m. N. W. Concord. Hanovkb Keck, p. o., Morris co., iT. Jer, : 4S m. N. N. E. Trenton. Hanuverton, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on Ihc line of the Saiuly and Beaver Canal, llS m. N. E. Columbus. It cuuUiins warehouses, numerous stores, mills, etc., and about M.tO inhabitants. A branch of the Cleveland and Pittsburg U. li., l^m. long, comes up to the village. Hanson, I. and p. v., Plynioutli co., J/ nt. W. by N. Milledgeville. Habbuk Cukkk, U and p. o., Erie co., Pemi.: 216 m. N. W. Hitrrisburg. Drained by several streams of Lake Erie, which forms ils K. boundary. Surface broken ; soil of aveni-. fertility. The p. o. is situate on the line of the Erie and North-east l;. K., 7 m. from Erie. Pop. 2,1)93. Haiiuou Hill, Queens c(»., N. Y. : the highest point of land on Long Island, l)ing in the L of North Hempstead. It is 319 I'eet above the Atlantic Ocean, from which it is visible 25 miles. Haki>em.\n county, Tmin, Situato S. W., and contains 913 sq. m. Drained by Big Halchic r., a tributary of Mis- sissippi r., and its brandies. Surface mostly level or sMglitly broken, with a light and sandy soil. There are good water ■ privileges and some limber. Cotton is the staple, thnut;h the grains pruduce largely, and tobacco pays well. Farms l,o-i7; nuiu.u. lU; dwell. 1,735. and pi»p.— wh. 10,350, fr. 276 col. 3S. si. 7,10S— tohil 17,49l>. L'upital : Bolivar. Pabiic Wurkti: Memphis and Cliarlcston It. R. Hakuin county, III. Situate S., and contains 184 sq. m. Drained by Saline cr. and other uihuents of Ohio r., which bounds it E. and S. Surface high and broken ; soil fertile, with good pasturage. Lead and iron are abundant Watcr- l»ower gt)od. Farms 32tj; manuf. U; dwell. 4^5. and pop.— >vh. 2,SU7, fr. col. 79— total 2,SsG. Capital: Elizabethlown. Hardin county, la. Situate N. centrally, and contaros 576 sq. m. Intersected by the Iowa and ilrained by its af- fluents. Mostly unsettled. Unorganized in 1S50. Hardin county^ Ky. Situate N. centrally, and contains 439 sq. m. Drained by Rolling Fork of Salt r. and Sail r., which bounds it N. E., and Nolin and Rough creeks, branehe$ of Green r., all whieh flow into the Ohio. Sur- face much diversified ; soil fertile — wheat, corn, and tobacco are staples. Many sheep and cattle are raised. Farms 1.406; manuf. 50; dwell. 2.005, and pop.— wh. 12,023, fr. col. 43, si. 2,459— total 14,525. Capital: Eiizabeihtown. J'uhlic Wor/cti: Nashville and Louisville It. li. Haudin county, Ohio. Situate N. W. centrally, and con- Uiins 5S0 sq. ro. Drained centrally and S. by the Scioto r. an4o. Ctijtital.: Moorefield. Uai;foku county, J/i/. Situate N. E.. and contains 412 sq. m. _ It has the Susquehaima for its N. B. b<»ini49. Harford, 1. and p. v., Susquehanna co., J'evn. : US m. N. X. E. Harri.shurg. Draincring cr., its branch, and N. line of county; Buffalo Bayou and its afflu- 273 ents, Sims, Brays, Horse Pen, White Oak, Hunting, Green's, and Carpenter's bayoux, and by Clear cr., on its S. bordor, all of which empty into Galveston Bay. It is finely situated for the transportation of its products, having Galveston Bay in the S. E. and several large rivers ; the San Jacinto navigable 40 m., ButTalo Bayou 30, and Cedar cr. 20, all deep streams, with scarcely perceptible currents. The streams are lined with furesls, but most of the county is open prai- rie, with a rolling surface in the N. The soU just on the coast is of moderate fertility, but in the middle and N. con- sists of a deep black mold, with a substratum of shells, and the E. has some of the best land in East Texas. Its timber is very valuable, consisting of pine on San Jacinto r. and Buffalo Bayou, and elsewhere of magnolia, cypress, cedar, and several kinds of oak. Eotten Hmestonc and beds of clay abound in the N. Cotton is the great staple, but all the grains yield largely, and sugar is successfully cul- tivated. In the S. E. was fought the famous Battle of San Jacmto. Farms 197; manuf. 42; dwell. S34, and pop.— wh. 3.756, fr. col. 7, si. 905— total 4,6GS. Capital: Houston. Public Worls: Houston and Galveston li. E., and Buffalo Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado E. E. Harris, p. v., Louisa co., Virg. : 4T m. N. W. Eichmond. Harrisbuegu, p. v., Fayette co., Ind. : 60 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. HARUisjJCRGn, p. T., Pontotoc CO., Miss. : 149 m. N. N. E Jackson. IlARRisBUEfiH. p. v., Mecklcuburgh co., X. Car.: 127 m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. Harribrurgu, p. v., Abbeville disL, S. Car.: 103 m. W. by N. Columbia. IlARnisiiURGn, t. and p. o., Lewis co., A'l K ; 124 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by creeks, affluents of Black r., which afford water-power. Surface generally level ; soil a brown loam. There are several mills and stores in the t. Pop. 1,367. llAmusBD-RGH, p. city, and cap. Dauphin co., PeJin., and capital of the State of Pennsylvania: on the E. bank of Susquehanna r., in lat, 40^ 16' N., and long. 76° 50' W., 110 m. N. Washington. The river though voluminous is not navigable here, except for rafts, which descend the cur- rent; but it is accessible from all parts by canal or rail- road, and is a very flourishing interior market. The city ia Imilt on elevated ground, and commands a varied and pleasant prospect of the surrounding country. The public buildings are the State capilol, the court-house, the county prison, a Masonic Hall, the Lancasterian school, churches of all denominations, some built at great expense, school- . houses, etc. The Capitol, or State house, is an imposing structure, consisting of a main building and two wings, each adorned with a portico and Ionic pillars; the central edifice is ISO feet wide, 80 feet deep, and 108 feet from Uie ground to the top of the dome, and the whole is surrounded by an open area, adorned with two walks and an iron railing. Ilarrisburg has considerable manufactures and most of the mechanic arts; its commerce is extensive. The press of Ilarrisburg consists of 1 daily newspaper and 7 published weekly ; the daily is the " H. American" (whig), of which there is also a weekly edition, and the weeklies are the "Vaterland Vechter'' (whig), the "Demy W. Baluiu. IIarbls Hill, p. o., Erie co., N. Y. : '25S ni.W. All'any. ilAiutib' Lot, p. a, Cluirlcs county, M\ : 44 m, S. by W. Trenton. Habrisonville, p. v., Meigs county, Ohio. : S2 m. S. E. Columbus. Harrisonville, p. v., Fulton co., Penn.: 63 m.W. by 8. Harrisburg. Haeristown, p. v., Washington co., Ii\d. : on the Hne 27tf HAR HAR of the New Albany and Salem K. K., 3u m. from the former place, and "tt m. S. Indianajiolis. Haerisville, p. 0., Marquette county, Wise. : 52 m. K". Madisun. IIarrtsvilt,k, p. v., Montgomery counly, K Cur. : S6 m. W. S. "\V. Kaleigb. Hakeisville, p, v., Cheshire cc, jV. Ramp. : 7S m. S.W. Concord. Harbistille, p.v., Harrison co., Ohio: in the S. E. comer of the county, 110 m. E. by N. Cohnnbus. Haerisville, p. v., Butler co., renn. : 179 m. \V. N. "W. Harrisburg. Haerisville, p. v., Brunswick co., Virg. : o\ nu S. by W. Eichmond, Harrodsburgh, p. v., Monroe co., Ind. : 54 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Harrousburgh, p. v., and cap. Mercer co., K;/. : on a branch of Salt r., 29 m. S. Frankfurt, It c<»nlains a court- house, jail, etc., several stores and mccbauic sbops, and 1,600 inhabitants. Bacon College is located here; it was founded in 1S3C, and in 1S50 had 5 professors, 75 students, and a library of 1,200 volumes. In ibe vieiuily is a noted mineral spring, which is much resorted to by invalids. Habry Hill, p. o., Marshall co.. Miss. : 173 m. N. by E. Jackson. Harsumakstille, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ohio: 74 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Hart county. Ay. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 404 sq. m. Intersected by Green r., and bounded N. \V, by Nolin cr., its branch. Surface mostly level, and soil pro- ductive. Tobacco is the great staple. Farms S29 ; manuf. 12; dwell. 1,212, and pop.— wh. 7,740, fr. col. 52, si. 1.301— total 9,093. Capital : Mumfordsville. Public Works : Danville and Nashville E. E. Hartfield, p. v., Chautauque co., iV. K ; 2S2 m, W. by S. Albany. Hartfoed county, Conn. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 727 sq. m. Intersected from N. to S. by the Connecti- cut, and drained by its affluents, Farmington and Mill rivers on the W., and on the E. Podunk, Scantic, and other small streams. Surface much diversified, from alluvial meadows, annually overflowed, to high rocky hills ; soils also various, but generally very fertile, and under admirable cultivation. In the E. are unsurpassed farms and dairies, in the middle the delightful and invaluable meadows of the Connecticut basin, and on the "W. streams, land almost as good. The facilities for manufactures are great, and all improved, Tho articles made embrace almost every thing in use; but for value and quality, those best known are carpets, powder, axes, clocks, tinware, and iron castings. For commerce and transportation, it has the Connecticut navigable through it, and railroads in every direction. It embraces one capital of the Stiite and the penitentiary in its limits, besides munifi- cent benevolent and literary establishments. In the S. W. is a copper mine of great extent and exceedingly rich ore. Iron is also found. Farms 3,S50; manuf. 734; dwell. 11,318, and pop.— wh. 6S,756, fr. col. 1,210— total 69,9G6. Capital : Hartford. Public Works: Farmington Canal (little used); Springfield, Hartford and New Haven E. E. ; New Haven and Northampton (or Canal) E. E. ; Hartford, Providence and Fishkill E. E. ; Collinsville Branch E. E. Hartfoed, p. city, and cap. Hartford co., Conn., and one of tho cajiitatsof the State: on the W. side of Connecticut r., at the head of ship navigation, 00 m. from its mouth, in lat. 410 45' 59" N., and long. 72° 40' 45" W., 335 m. N. E. "Washington. The site of the city rises gradually fi-om the r., and on the S. and W. is considerably elevated. The compact part is more than a mile in length and about three- fourths of a mile wide ; and the streets are arranged with great regularity Little r., which crosses the city in its S. part, furnishes a valuable water-power ; bridges cross this and also the Connecticut r, those over the latter connecting it with East Hartford. The most conspicuous pubhe build- 280 ings are the State House, the City Hall, Trinity College, the American Asylum, the Eetreat for the Insane, the Wadsworth Atheneum, numerous elegant churches, an arsenal, the market-houses, etc There are 5 Congregational churehes, 3 Episcopalian, 2 Baptist, 3 Episcopal Methodist, 1 Protestant Methodist, 1 Human Catholic, 2 Second Ad- vent, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Unitarian, 1 Universalist, and 1 Jew's Synagogue— in all 24 churches. Trinity (formerly Washington) College was founded in 1S24, and in 1S50 had a president, 8 professors, 300 alumni, of which 130 were in the ministry, and 80 students, and a library of 12,000 vol- umes. It is under the control of iho Episcopalians. Tho American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb was established by the late Eev. Thomas H. Gallaudct, and was the first in- stitution of the kind in the United States; it has extensive buildings in the \V. part of the city, and is the most flour- ishing and valuable jisylum in the Union. The Eetreat for the Insane is a little S. of the city, and, like the asylum, is a well-comiucted and successful institution. Harlibrd has numerous academies and schools, which reflect great credit on the city ; and it has a public press not surpassed for mo- rality and intelligence; it has 2 daily papers, of which weekly editions are also published, 6 weeklies, and 2 month- lies. The dailies are the ''H. Courant" (whig), and tho " H. Times" (dem.) ; the weeklies, the " H. Courier" (whig), the "Eepublican" (F. S,). the "New England Fountain" (temperance), and the " Christian Secretary" (Bapt.), the " Calendar" (Episc-), and the " Eeligious Herald" (Congr.), devoted to religious subjects. Hartford is also celebrated for its extensive book business. As a manufacturing city, Hartford stands high, and contains numerous Imnber yards, machine shops, fire-arm manufactories, boot and shoe factories, and a variety of handicrafts ; and as a place of commerce, it has man^ advantages, its natural market being the valley of the Connecticut. It is also a depOt of interior trade and railroad trafiic, being in the centre of the State and intersected by railroads from every direction. Steam- boats also ply regularly to New York. Pop. in ISiO, 3,955; in 1320,4.726; in 1S30, 7,076; in 1840,9,463; and in 1S50, 17,966. The Indian name of the site of Hartford was "Suckeag." In 1633 the Dutch built a fort here, ami in IC^sS, the Dutch having relmquished their claims to the English, Hartford was permanently settled by emigrants from Massachusetts under charge of Eev. Mr. Hooker. It was incorporated as a city in 17S4, and is now governed by a mayor and municipal officers. Hartford, p. v., Forsyth co., Ga. : 103 m. N. N. W. MiUedgeville. Hartfoed, p. v., Ohioco., I/id.: on Loughery cr., S2 ra. 9. E. Indianapolis. It contains about 50 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. Haktfoed, p. v., Knox county, lU. : 85 m. N. N. "W. Springfield. Hartford, p. v., and cap. Ohio co., Ky. : on the S. side of Eough cr. of Green r., 125 m. "W. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. Haetfoed, t and p. o., Oxford counly, Me. : 31 m. W. Augusta, Brained by ponds and small streams emptying into Androscoggin r. It is a fine agricultural township, with a varied surface, and a soil well adapted for wheal and grass. The principal v. is located centrally, and there are also North and South villages of Iho same name. Pop. of 1. 1,293. Hartford, t. and p. v., Washington co., X. Y, : 47 m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by brandies of Wood cr. Sur- face hilly ; soil sandy and elay loam. The v., situate on tho old N. post road, contains 200 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,051. Haktfoed, t. and p. o., Trumbull co., Ohio : 156 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by aflluents of Shenango creek. Sur- face diversified; soil fertile and well cultivated. Building stone is abundant. Pop. 1,25S. Haetfoud, t. and p. v., Windsor co.. Verm, : 49 ra. 9. S. E. Montpelier. Drainetl by While and Waterquccchy rivcrij HAR HAR and tlie CcimiectiL'Ut, into wliich they full, lit;s on Ilu- E. bor- der. SurPaee somewhat uneven; soils generally fertile, and on the rivers rioli, wnrni, and very productive. The princi- pal V. lies at the mouth of White r,, and there are iu the t. the villages of West Hartford, "Woodstock, White Iliver ViUagre, and Quecchy Valley, the three first of which lie on White r. and the Vermont Central i:. K. The t. has cun- Biderable manufactures. Pop. 2,159. Haf.tford, I. and p. v., Washin-^ton cn., Wise: 54 m. E. N. E. Madison. Drained by liock r.. which rises in this t. from a large pond. Surface elevated and level ; soil rich and fertile. The village is S. of the river, and is a small agricultural settlement. Pop. of 1. 1,00->. IIartiikgig, p. o., Mercer co., Peitn.: 'J»". ; 28 m. N. W. Hartford. Drained by branches of Farmiriglon r., and has considerable water-power, f^urfacemounlainous; snilsoine- ■what rocky, but fertile in grass. The prinripid v. is situate in the S. E., and there is a v. called West Ilartland. The t. has several mills, and carries on some mechanical business. Pop. S43. Hartlaxd, t. and p. t., Livingston co., Mich.: 43 m. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by the heads of Shiawassee and Huron rivers. Surface elevated, but not broken, and f>irm- ing the watershed between streams flowing N. and S. to the rivers named above. It is an excellent farming country, producing wheat, com, etc., and has fitie grazing tracts. Pop. of t. 996. Hartland, t. and p. v., Ningara co., iV; Y.: 244 m. W. by ^\ Allxiny. Drained by Johnson's and Eighteen Mile creeks, flowing into Lake Ontario. Surface level ; soil sandy and calcar'tous loam. The p. o. is a small agricultural vil- lage on the X. side of Johnson's creek. Pop. of t. 3,fi2S. Haeti.asd, t, an'l p. o., Huron co., Ohio: S9 ni. N. by E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Vermillion r. of Lake Erie. Surface level ; soU sandy loam and fertile. It is a fine agricultural town and has 1.17G inhabitants. Pop. 1.024. Hartlakd, t. and p. v., Windsor co., Verm. : 51 m. S. S. E. Monlpelier. Drained by Waterqueeehy r. and Lull's brook, both aflluenls of Connecticut, which makes the E. border. The t. has immense water-power and numerous manufac- tures. Surface diversified; soil generally jiroduetive, and there are meadows on the Connecticut, The v. is located on the line of the Vermont Central II. K., 4 m. above Wind- sor, and 4 m. N. of it is the village of North Hartland. Pop. of t. 2,063. Hartl.\>-d, p. v., Waukesha counly, Wise : 5i m. E. Madison. Hartleton, p. v., Union co., P^mi. : 4S m, N. W. by N. Harrisburg. Hart Lot, p. o., Onontlaga co., X. Y. .- 122 m. W. by N. Albany. Hart's Grovr, t. and p. o,, Aslitabula co., Ofiio: i5i; m. N.E.Columbus. Drained by aftluents of Grand river. Sur- iiia' level ; soil productive. Pop. S22. Hartsuoen, p. v., Orange co., A'. Cor. : 47 m. N. W. Ealeigh. Hart's Location, p. o., Coos co., A^. Ilarnp. : 92 ni. N. Concord. Hart's Mills, p. o., Kipley co., Ind.: on Laughery cr., 74 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Hartstown, p. v., Crawford co., Penn. : 212 m. W. N. W. Harrisliurg. Haet's Village, p. v., Dutchess co., A: T. : 56 m. S. Albany. M3 Hartsville, p. v., Bartholomew co., J/ui. : on CUfty cr., 42 m. S. S. £. Indianapolis. Hartsville, p. v., Berkshire Co., Mam. : lOD m.W, by S. Boston. The Shakers have a settlement in tliis neighbor- hood. HART9\^LLE, p. V., and cap. Wright co., 3fo. : on Wood's Fork of Gasconade r., 94 m. S. by W. Jetferson City. Haktsvillk, p. v., Onondaga co., A' Y. : 121 m.W. by N. Albany. It contains several factories, etc., and 2U0 inhab- itants. HARTS^^LLE, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : 94 m. E. Ilarrit-burg. Hartsville, p.v.,DarUn;iton di3t.,iS'. Car: 73 m. E. byN. Cohunbia. Hartsville. p. o., Sumner co., Tenu. : on the N. side of CumberhUKl r., 37 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Pop. about 4U0. Hautville, p. v., Stark county, Ohio: 106 m. N. E. Ci'!uml)us. IlAKT\s'ELLViLLE, p. V., Sliiawassec CO., Mich. : 23m.N. E. Lansing. llARTWtcK, t. and p. v., Otsego county. A'. }'. ; 66 in. W. Albany. Drained by Otsego cr. and Susquehanna r. Sur- face iiiUy ; soil, fertile sandy loam. The v. in the valley of i.)tsego er. contains several factories and stores, and about •400 inliabitanfs. The I. has also considerable manufac- tures, and 2,352 inhabitants. IIautwick Seminakv, p. c, Otsego co., K. Y. : on Susque- hanna r., 62 ra.W. AUiany. Here is also a v. of some 20 or 25 dwellings. Ilartwick Seminary is a literary and theo- higieal institution, under care of the Lutherans; it was founded in 1S16, and endowed with a fund amounting to ^Si>.000, by John Christopher Hartwick. In \>tA\ it bad 2 professors, 5 students, and 52 persons had been educated at Ihe institution since its foundation. Its library contains 1,250 volumes. Hartwooo, p. v., Stafford CO., Yiry. : 67 m. N. by W. Kiclnn<.ind. IlAr.TwnoD, p. v., Autauga co., Ala.: 42 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. llARVAKn, t and p. v., Worcester county, Ma.^s. : 32 m, W. N. W. Boston. Drained by Stony river, which has its source in a pond in this t., and which falls into Nashua r., which makes its W'. border. Thev. is situate centnilly, and contains two churches, etc. In tlie N. E. part of the t. there is a Shaker's village ; a good variety of monumental slato is found here. Pop. oft. 1.632. The Worcester and Nashua K. B. intersects Harvard, 25 in. from Worcester. Harvarp, p. v., Delaware co., A'. Y. Harvey's, p. c, Greene co., /*e7i7t. .- £1S9 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. HARTEYSBtTEGH, p. V., WarTcn CO., Ohio: 11 m. S. W. Columbus. Harvey's Five Points, p. o., Westmoreland eo.. Peim. Harvev'8 Point, p. o., Polk co., la. : on a creek of Des Moines r., 102 m. W. Iowa City. Harvey's Stoke, p. o., Charlotte co., Vir{/. : 81 m. S. W. Iliehmond. llAcvEYsyrLLE, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn.: S6 m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. HARwirii, t. and p. v., Barnstable co., Jfo-'it. : 72 m. S. E. Boston. Drained by Herring r., tlic outlet of Long Pond, and atTording great water-power. Its S. shore is washed by the Atlantic. Surface and soil low and sandy, as iu other parts of the peninsula. The v. is located centrally, an inhabitants. IIasbrolck, p. o., Sullivan county, IT, Y.: 84 m, S.W. Albany. IIaskellville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio : 73 m. 8. 8. E. Columbus. lUsKENViLLE, p. V., Stcubcn CO., JV. y. : 203 m. "W. by B. Albany. ILvsKiNSTiLLE, p. V., Grccne co., Ky.: 73 m. 8. S. "W. Prankfort. IX.vsTiNGS, t., p. v., and cap. Barry co., Mlcli. : 38 m. "W. Lansing. Drained by Thorn-apple r. and its affluents, which afford extensive water-power. Surface varied ; soil rich and productive. The v. lies on the S. or left bank of the Thorn-apple, and contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has several industrial establishments. The t. has numerous mills, stores, etc Top. 554. Hastings, t. and p. c, Oswego co., K Y.: 128 m. "W. N. W. Albany. Drained by Salmon cr. on the N., and on the S. by creeks flowing into Oneida Lake and its out- lets. Surface level; soil mostly a sandy loam. It has nu- merous mills, etc., and a pop. of 2,927 souls. Hastings, p. v., EockJand co., Ohio : 62 m. N. by E. Columbus, Hastings Centre, p. v., Oswego co., 2^. Y.: 123 m. W. N. W. Albany. HASTiNGs-irpoN-ntiDsoN, p. V., Westchester co., y. Y.: on the E. side of Hudson r., 113 m. S. Albany. It lies on tlie Hudson Eiver R. R., 21 m. by route from New York City Hall. The landing on the river is good, and the v. contains several factories, stores, etc. Pop. about 400. Hastingsville, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 127 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Hjlt, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 39 m. S. E. Harrisburg. HATBORouGir, p. v., Montgomery co., Peyin. : near Peu- nypaek cr., 97 m. E. Harrisburg. Pop. about 200. Hatcher's, p. o., Talladega county, Ala.: 62 m. N. Montgomery. Hatcuy TuknpikE) p. 0., Tippah co., Miss.: 192 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Hat Creek, p. o., Campbell co., Virg. : 92 m. "W. by S. Richmond. Hatfield, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass. : 76 m. E. Boston. Drained by Mill r., whieli falls into the Connecti- cut on the W. border, and over which is a bridge to Had- ley. Surface diversified, with extensive meadows on the river; soil everywhere fertile. Zinc blende is extensively deposited, and there are other minerals. The v. lies on the "W. side of the Connecticut, and the Connecticut River E. R. has a station a little back, which is fast rising into a place of consideration. Pop. of t. 1.041. Hat Geove, p. o., Warren county, HI. : 83 m. N. W. Bpringffeld. Hatteras cape, K. Car. : a low, sandy, and dangerous cape on the S. W. end of an island composed of sand and roeke which incloses Pamlico Sound, lat 35° 15' N., and long. 75° 30' W. It is the mariner's dread, and has been the scene of numerous shipwrecks. Hausertown, p. v., Owen county, Jnd.: 47 m. S. TT. Indianapolis, Havanna, p. T., Greene county, Ala. : 91 m. N, W. Montgomery. Havanna, p. t., Mason co., HI. : on the E. side of Pli- nois r., 42 m. N. W. Springfield. Spoon r. enters the Illi- nois immediately opposite. The village has a convenient landing, and is situate on a sandy ridge 50 feet above the highest floods. It is the chief shipping place for the county. Havanna, p. v., Chemung co., K. Y. : on a creek of Beneca Lake, about 3 m. from its inlet and 154 m. "W. by S. Alb-iny, The Chemung Canal, and also the Canandaigua' and Elmira R. R. pass through the village. It has about 282 Sou inhabitants, and contains several flourishing manufac- turing establishments and yards for boat building, and two newspapers are published here, the " H. Journal" (whig), and the " H. Republican" (indep.), both weekly issues. Havensville, p. v., Bradford county, Penn, : 107 m. N. Harrisburg. Haverfoed, t. and p. c, Delaware co., Pewti. : 86 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Darby and Cobb's creeks— the former its W. boundary. Surface hilly ; soil sandy loam, fertile, and well cultivated. It has several considerable cotton and woolen factories, mills, etc. Pop. 1,317. HAVEEmLL, t. and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : 29 m. N". by W. Boston. Situate between Merriraac r. and the N. line of the State, and at the head of navigation. It is connected with Bradford by several bridges from SOO to 1,000 feet long. The V. contains several large manufactories, mechanic shops, etc., and vessels of 100 tons come up to it; and it has two weekly newspapers, the "Essex Gazette" (whig), and the "Essex Banner'' (dem.) There are also several other villages, with manufactures, etc. This t. is one of the first manufacturing places of the State, and is distinguished alike for the variety and quantity of its productions. The Boston and Maine E. E. passes through it. Pop. 5,877. HAVEBniLL. t., p. v., and cap. Grafton co., N. llamp. : 67 m. N. K. E. Concord. Drained by Hazen and Oliverian brooks, flowing into the Connecticut, which makes its W. boundary. Surface, except on the meadows, elevated ; soil excellent for general farming. Granite suitable for mill- stones, and beds of iron ore are found in this town. The v. called Haverhill Comer, is situate in the S. W. angle, and is built around an oblong square. It contains a court- house, jail, etc., and about 80 dwellings ; and has a news- paper, the " Democratic Republican," issued weekly. Nortli Haverhill, in the N. W., is another village: it is built on a street a mile long, straight, and very level. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal R. R. passes through the town. Pop. 2,405. Havekhill Centre, p. a, Grafton co., ^ JTamp. : 69 m. N. N. E. Concord. Haverstkaw, t. and p. v., Rockland co., J^. Y. : 92 m. 3. Albany. Drained by several small creeks flowing into Hod- son r., which bounds it on the E., and on which are several convenient landings, also Stony Point, an important mili- tary post in the Revolutionary War. Surface hilly and mountainous, being covered by the Dunderberg — the val- leys are fertile, consisting of clay-loam soil. The v. on the AV. side of the Hudson h-os several large brick-fields, ship- building yards, and about 600 inhabitants, and carries on a considerable river trade, chiefly with New York City. The river opposite the t. of Haverstraw is wide and expands into a fine bay, which, under the name of Haverstraw Bay, extends from Teller's Point to Yerplank's Point, a distance of 6 m., and is from 2 to 3 m. wide. The t. has consider- able manufactures, as iron, paper, etc., and numerous mills. Pop. 5,SSS. Havieand Hollow, p. o., Putnam co., A^ Y. : 73 m. S. by E. Albany. Havilandsville, p. v., Harrison co., Xy. : 3S ra. N. E. Frankfort. Havre de Grace, p. v. and port, Harford co., Md.: on the W. side of Susquehanna r., at its confluence in Chesa- peake Bay, 63 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. The Baltimore and Philadelphia R. R. passes through it, and here is the ter- minus of the Tidewater Canal. The v. itself is small but well built, and contains several warehouses, stores, etc. It is principally noted as a commercial and trading port; it has also some manufactures, and in the fishing season has many engaged in that litie of business. The " Harford Madisonian" is published weekly. Pop. 1.3'>6. In 1S14 Havre was sacked and burned by the British under Admiral Cock bum. Hawesville, p. T., and cap. Hancock co., Ky. : on the S. side of Ohio r, at the mouth of Lead cr., 107 m. W, HAW HAZ Frankfort. It contaios a court-house, jail, etc., 13 stores, 8e\enil mechanic shops, aud about CUU inhabitatils. It de- rives consideration from its extensive mines, which supply steJimboats navigating tlie river with oxcellenl coal. Hawfields, {). 0., Orange co., 3'. Car. : 37 m. N. W. Raleigli. IIawkkhtille, p. 0., FrankJin co., Temi.: Si m, S. K. Nashville. Hawk Eye, p. v., Des MoiiK-s co., /a. : 55 m. S. by E. Iowa City. Hawkins county. Temi. Situate N. E., and contains 712 Bq. m. Drained by Clincli r., which bounds it N. W., llol- Blun r.. which passes through it from N. E. to S. ^y., and tlieir brandies, all aflluents of the Tennessee. Surface broken, aud soil mostly fertile. It li:is good water-power, which is used. Corn end wheat are the staples, and many swine and beeves are fatted. Farms 735 ; manuf. 1*1 ; dwell. 2,019, and pop.— wh. 11,673, fr. col. 107, si. 1,61)0— total 13,370. Cup- ital : liogersville. Public Worl:s : East Teuuesse and Virginia K. K. Hawkins Landing, p. o., Ashley co.,^ri'. ; 127 m. S.S. E. Little IJock. Hawklnstille, v., Tuolumne co., Ctilt/. : on the N. side of Tuolumne r., 112 m. S. E. Vallejo. UAWKiNsviLLE.p. V., aud Cap. PuLiski co., Ga. .•ontheW. bank of Ocmulgee r., 5S m. S. by AY. Milledgovillo. It con- tains a court-house, jail, etc., and has about 400 inhabitants. A considerable amount of produce is shipped from this point. Hawkinsvilld, p. v., Sussex co., Virg. : 44 m. S. by E. Eichmon ; 55 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. Healing Springs, p. o., Davidson co., ^V. Car. : 92 m.W. Fuileigh. Heard county, Oa. Situate W. centrally, and contains 267 sq. m. Drained by C'liattahoocliee river, which passes through its E. half. Surface mostly even, with good mill- sites ; soils very productive : cotton is the staple proiluclion. Farms 512; manuf. 5; dwell. 724, and pop.— wh. 4,520, fr. col. 3, si. 2,4'!0~lulul G/J2o. Capital : Franklin. Hbarnviile, p. v., Tutnam co., Oa.: 27 in. N. by TT. Milled geville. Heart Prairie, p. o.,Walworth co., Wise. : 46 m. E. S. E. Madison. Heartwf-lltille, p. v., Bennington co., Vertn. : OS m. S. by W. Montpelier. IIeatu, L and p. v., Franklin county, ^fa■.^s. : 9S m. W. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Deerfield r., one of which affords water-power. Surface mountainous; soil adapted to grazing. There is a central village. Population 803. Heath's Creek, p. o., Pettis co., 3fo.: on a creek of Riviere a la Mine so called, GO m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Heathsville, p. v., Halifax co., X. Car.: 73 m. K. E. Ealeigh. Hkathsville, p. v., and cap. Norlhvimberland co., Virff. : near the head of Coan r.. 63 ni. E. N. E. Pachniond. It contains a court-house, jail. etc.. aiwl has several industrial establishments, and about S60 inhabitants. Hebbardsville, p. v., Henderson co., Kt/. : 137 m. "W. by S. Frankfort. Hebcardsville, p. v., Athens co., Ohio: 63 in. S. S. E. Columbus. Hebron, t. and p. v., Tolland co., Owm. .- 19 m. S. E. Hartford. Drained by Hop r. a branch of "W'illimanlic r., ■which r)rms its N. bonier, and in the S. the outlet of North Pond affords water-power. Surface hilly and uneven; soil generally of an average fertility, and good grazing land. The V. has 2 handsome churches, and al)oul 40 neat dwell- ings; and besides the principal v. tliere are several 'others. The t. has consinrg. IIellectowx, p. T., Norlhampton county, /Vh?(. ; 94 m, E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Helton, p. v., Ashe county, N. Car. : 173 m. ^X. by N. Eak'igh. Heltonvillf:, p. v., Lawrence co., Ind.: on Leather- wood cr.. bj m. S. Indianapolis. Hemlu, p. o., Whitesidcs countv, P.L : 142 m. N. by AV. BpringfieM. Hemlock Lake. p. c, Livingston co., J\\ Y. : on the W. side of the lake so called, 192 in- W. Albany. Hemlock Lake is fi m. long and 1 m. wide., and discharges its waters into the outlet of Honeoye Lake. Hemmingfokd, v., Clinton co., X. Y. : on the line of the riatlsburg and Montreal II. K., 2G m. N. Platlsbnrg. Hbmpfield, p. v., Lancaster county. Pain.: yy ra. S. E. Harrisburg. Hempiull'9 Store, p. o., Mecklenburgh co., K. Car. : 124 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. Hempstead county, Arl^. Situate S. W., and contains 1,304 sq. m. Drained by Saline iJayou, and other .iffluenis of lifd r., its S. W. boundary, and by afflueiUs of Little Missouri r., its N. E. boundary, and a branch of Wachita r. Surface level or slightly rolling, and well wooded ; soils of moderate fertility, producing the grains and some cotton. Farms 550; mauuf. S; dwell. S5i>, and pop.— wli. 5,1S0, fr. col. 32, si. 2,460— total 7,672. Capital: AVashingtou. Hempstead, t. and i>. v.. Queens co., X. Y.: 12S m. S. Albany. Surface level; soil sand and sandy loam, requir- ing good cultivation. Hempstead Plains arc a tract of some 15,000 acres, lying in a state of nature and common to the town. The village ia situate on the S. margin of these plains, and contains 1,600 inhabitants. It has numerous stores, mechanic shops, etc., and a newspaper, the '* H. En- quirer,"' is published weekly. Several islands belong to this t., and Kockaway Beach on the Atlantic, a place of resort for fashion in the summer season. Much garden produce is brought from this t. to New York. Pop. S,SU. A branch of the Long Island 11. 11., 3 m. long, extends to Hempstead village. Hempstead Brancu, p. v., Queens co., A'". Y. : at the di- Tergencc of Hempstead Branch li. U. from the Long Island E. K., 20 m. from Brooklyn. Hf.nhy. p. 0., Montgomery co., 0/tio: GO m. AY. by S. Columbus. Henderson county, UK Situate W. toward the N., and contains 3S9 sq. m. Drained by Henderson's r. and Elisnn's and Honey creeks, affluents of the Mississippi, its W. bmmd- ary. Surface generally level; sriil productive, a part well timbered and part prairie. Earms4i0; manuf. 27; dwidl, S20, and pop.— wh. 4,010, fr. col. 2— total 4,G12. Orpifal: Oquawka. Public Worl:^ : Ofpiawka and Peoria K. It. Henderson county, A'l/. Situate N. "W., and contains 502 Bq. m. Drained by .iffluents of Green r., its S. E. boundary, and smaller allluenta of the Ohio, its N. bound- ary. Surface various, with good mill streams: soil fertile. Tobacco is tlie staple. "Wheat and corn yield largi'ly, and pork is an export. Farms 1,(137; manuf. 44; dwell. 1,337, and pop,— wh. 7,054, fr. col. 120, si. 4,397— total 12,171. Capital: Henderson. Public H'tf/A**.' Nashville and Hen- derson 11. K. Hendekbon county, X. Car. Situate "W"., and contains 422 sq. m. Drained by numerous heads of French Broad r., a branch of Nolicluick)' r., a head of the Tennessee. Surface broken and niuunlainous, having on the K. and S. r.iuges of high hills sejiurating the Atlantic streams from the affluents of the Oliio; soil fertile and finely adapted to grazing. Farms 413; manuf. 1 ; dwell. Dil, and pop. — wh. 5,S92, fr. col. 37, si. 924— total 6,S53. Caj/ital: llendersoo- ville, Hesdersos county, Teiin. Situate W., and contains 914 sq. ni. Drained E. by Beech r., and other affluents of Ten- ■ nessee r., and W. by heads of Big UabUiee and Forked Deer rivers, altluenis of the Mississippi. Surface level, and soil fertile. The grains flourish, cotltju is grown largely, and much pork fattened. Farms 973; nianut; 25; dwell. 1,70:3, and pop.— wh. 10,571, fr. col. 1, si. 2,592— total 13,U"4. Capital: Lexington. Henderson county, 7t,r. Situate N. E. centrally, and contains 1,1S9 sq. m. Drained by Cedar, Walnut, and Otter creeks, affluents of Trinity r., its W. boundary, and Kiek.ipoo, Flat, and Caddo creeks, branches of Neches r., its E. boundary. Surface level or undulating; s : 131 m. W. by S. Eichmond. Hkxdbicesville, p. T., De Kalb co., Ala, : 152 m. N. by E. Montgomery. HKNDRYsBCKon, p. T., Belmout CO., Ohio: 94 m. E. Columbus, Hent-open cape, DeL : the S. W. point at the entrance of Delaware Bay, IS m. S. W. from Cape May, the opposite point. A lighthouse is located here. Lat. SG° 47' N., and Ion. 750 6' W. Henlt's Stoee, p. 0., Franklin co., Ga. : 100 m. N. Milledgeville. Hennepin, p. v., and cap. Putnam co.. III. : on the E. bank of the Illinois r., at its great bend, 102 m. N. Spring- field. It has an elevated and pleasant position, the ground rising geuUy from the river. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., numerous stores and mechanic shops, and about SUO inhabitants. Steamboats ascend to this point at a moderate stage of the water. Henxiker, t. and p. v.,Merrimac co., 2^. ITamp. : 13 m. W. by S. Concord. Drained by Contoocook r., which atTurds water-power. In the W. part of the t. is Long Pond, which y a branch of Kcndus- kciig r., and in the S. by SowadabScook r., which passes tliroiish several large ponds. Surface elevated and rolling; soil iii(«Ierateiy protiucUve. Pop. 1.374. llF.itMoN, U and p. o., St. Lawrence co., J^. Y.: 136 m. N. N. \V. Albany. Drained by small affluents of Grass and Oswegalchie rivers. Surface rolling ; soil clay-loam, adapt- to gracing. Timber very abundant, and iron, etc., exists in large quantities. Pop. 1,692. The Walertown and Pots- dam K. li. will run on the W. border of Ilernion. IIkknando, p. v., and cap. Dc Soto co., Jfiffi.: on the N. of Coldwater r., and about 20 m. E. of Mississippi r., 16S m. N. Jackson. It contains a court-house, several stores, and about 400 inhabitants; and a newspuper, the "People's Press" (,dera.), is issued weekly. A railroad has been pro- jected hence to Commerce, on the Mississippi river. Uebod, p. 0., Bartholomew co., Ind.: 40 m. 8. S. E. Indianapolis. Herrick. t. and p. 0., Bradford county, Penn.: 112 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. ItEKiusG, p. o., Allen co., Ohio: 86 m. N. W. Columbus. IlERiaoTTsviLLE, p. V., Alleghoiiy co., Penn, : 173 m. W. Uarrisliurg. IIekbodtown, p. v., Randolph co., Ga.: 134 m. S. W. Milledgeviile. Uei:ti:oed county, N. Car. Situate N. E., and contiiins 3-09 sq. m. Drained by Meherrin r., and other affluents of (■liowan r., which is its E. boundary. Surface low and level, with a good growth of pine; soil moderately fertile. Much lumber ia exported. Farms 37S; manuf. 20; dwell. S31, and pop.— wh. 3,553, fr. col. 673, si. 3,716— total 8,142. Copitul: Murfreesbbro'. Hertford, p. v., and cap. Perquimans co., N. Car. : on the S. bank of Perquimans r., near its entrance into the bay of the same name, 132 m. E. N. E. Kaleigh. It con- tains a court-house, etc., and has about 2u0 inhabitants. Perquimans Bay is an arm of Albemarle Sound, and ad- mils the navigation of vessels of considerable burden. Hess Koad, p. o., Niagara co., N. Y. : 272 m. W. by N. Albany. IIessville, p. v., Montgomery co., iV^ K; 42 m.W. N.W. Albany. Hester, p. v., Marion county. Mo.: 87 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. IIetrick's, p. 0., York coimty, Peim. : 85 m. S. by E. Harrisburg. JlKirvELToN, p. v., St. Lawrence co., K. Y. : on the N. or right bank of Oswegatchio r., 7 m. above Ogdousburg and 152 m. N. N. "\V. Albany. It contains several mills, stores, etc., and about 300 inhabitants. IlKVENKit's Storb, p. o., Highland county, Virg, : 136 m. W. N. W. Kiclimond. Hewit, p. v., Boone county, Virg.: 242 m. W. by N. Eichmond. HiBEiiNiA, p. 0., Clark county, Jnd. : 92 m. S. S. E. Indianiipolis. HiKEKNiA, p. v., Callaway co., Mo.: on the N. side of Missouri r., opposite Jefferson City. Him::RNiA, p. o., Butler co., Penn.: 173 m. W. N. "W. Harrisburg. lliuERNiA, p. o., Duval CO., Flor. : 163 m. E. Tallahassee. HiHERNiA, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio: on the E. side of Big Wahuit cr., 8 m. E. Columbus. HiBERMA, p. o., Duches.'* CO., K. Y. HicKERSox'8 Caose Roads, p. o., Morgan co., Ohio: 63 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Hickman county, Ky. Situate W., and contains 224 Bq. m. Bounded W. by Mississippi r., and drained by Little i 2S3 Obion r., and other of its affluents. Surface diversified, and soil generally very fertile. The staple is tobacco, but corn and the other grains are large crops, and swine are raised in largo numbers. Farms 546; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 656, and pop.— wh. 8,932, fr. col. 18, al. 841— total 4,791. Capital: Columbus. Public Works : Mobile and Ohiu K. R. Hickman county, Teiin. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains .596 sq. m. Intersected by Duck r., a tributary of the Tennessee, and drainotal 2,329. Capital: Hermitage. IIiCKOKv, p. 0., Carroll county, Ohio : lu6 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Hickory, p. v., Washington county, Pemi.: 192 m. W. Harrisburg. Hickory, p. v., Lake co.. 111. : 202 m. N. E. Springfield. Hickory Barren, p. o., Greene co., Mo. : 104 m. S. W. Jefferson City. HicKOBY CoBNEES, p. o., BoTfy CO., Mick. : 42 m.'W. S.W. Lansing. Hickory Corners, p. o., Niagara co., N.T.: 243 m. "W. by N. Albany. HicKOBY Ceeek, p. o., Audrain co., Mo. : on a cr. of Au Cuivre r. so called, 52 m. N. E. by N. Jefferson City. Hickory Creek, p. o., Coffee county, Tenn. : 67 m. S. E. Nashville. Hickory Creek, p. o., Fayette co.. III. : on the creek of Kaskaskia r. so called, 6S m. S. S. E. Springfield. HicKoBY Flat, p. o., Cherokee co., Ga, : 103 m. N.N.W. Milledgeviile. Hickory Flat, p. o., Simpson co., Ky.: 132 m. S. W, Frankfort. HicKOEV Flat, p. o., Tippah co., Mi^s. : 164 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Hickory Fork, p. o., Gloucester county, Virg, : 48 m. E. by S. Richmond. Hickory Ground, p. o., Norfolk co., Virg. : 93 m. S. E. Richmond. HicKuRY GRorE, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. : 24 m. S. Montgomery. Hickory Grove, p. o., Crawford co., Ga. : 49 m.'W. S.W, Milledgeviile. Hickory Gbove, p. o., Jackson county, Mhh. : 38 m. S. Lansing. Hickory Gbove, p. o., Oktibbeha co., Miss. : 118 m. N. E, Jackson. Hickory Grove, p. o., "W'arren co.. Mo. : 60 m. E. by N Jefferson City. Hickory Grove, p. c, Jackson county, Ja. : 63 ni. N. E. Iowa C'ity. Hickory Grote, p. o., York dist., S. Cor. : 77 m. N. Columbia. Hickoky IIkad, p. o., Lancaster dist., S. Car.: 59 m. N. by E. Columbia. Hickory Hill, p. o., Marion co., 7/;.; 96 m. S. S. E. Springfield. HIC HIG • 47 m. N. N". E. , Ten ■ 161 m. , S. E. HicKoitr lIiLL, p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 67 m. E. by S. Harrisburg:. Hickory Hill, p. v., Cole county, JIo. : 17 ni. S. V,'. Jefferson City. Hk-koky Hill, p. o., Beaufort dist., X Car. : 105 m. S. Columbia. Krciiunv Hill, p. o., Cass counly, Tex.: 2SS m. N. E. Ausiin Ciiy. Hickory Le^-kl^p- o.,Tallaik'j;a co.,^^(/. ; 92 m.N. byE. Monliiouiery. HiCKOKY Level, p. o., Carroll oo., 6'<7. / 114 m. "W. N. W. Miltedgeville. HuK'.tRY Plain, p. o., Prairie co., Arl: : 33 ra. E. S. E. Utile Kock. Hickory Plains, p. o., Tishemingo co., 3/iss.: 190 m. N. E. Jackson. IIicKOEY Point, p. o., M'Donough co,, 21/. : 76 m. N.^V. Springfitkl. Hick:iey Point, p. o., Lake co., Imh : 13G m. N. "W. Indianapolis. HicKouY KcN, p. o., Carbon co., JTciui. : 67 ni. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Hickory Ta\tirn, p. o., Harford co., JA/. Annapolis. Hickory "Withe, p. o., Fayette county W.S.W. Nasliville. Hicksbuegh, p. v., Dorchester co., JI<7. : C Annapolis. HiOKSFORD, p. v., and cap. Greenville co., Virff. : on llie right bank of Mcherrin r.. 62 m. S. Eicbmond, It coutiiins a court-house, jail, elc, and has about 150 inhabilanb;. Tlie Petersburg IJ. K. passes near the v., and here forms a junc- tion Willi the Greenville and Koanoke K. 11., which at Gaston connects with the Kaleigh E. K., etc. HiciisniRYiLLE, p. v., Schuylkill co., Peim. Hick's Mills, p. o., Do Kalb co., lU. : on Sycamore r., 162 m. N. by E. Spring tlt-Id. HicKsviLLE, p. v., ICulherford county, X. Ciir. : 192 m. W.S. W. Ealeigh. HicKsviLLE, t. and p. v.. Defiance county, Ohio: 12S ra. N. "W". Columbus. Drained by aRluenU of Maumee river. Surface varied, but mostly level ; soil sandy loam or allu- vion. The V. is a small agricultural settlement. Popula- tion of t. 507. HicKviLLE, p. v., Oakland co., Mic7{. : 56 m. E. by S. Lansing. Hico, p. o., Carroll co.. Teiin. : S9 m.V*'. by S. Nashville. HiGGANUM, p. v., Mid. o., Cole co., Mo. HiGiiLiND Pr.iikie, p. o., M'Ucnry county, III. : 194 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. IIiGii EiDGE, p. o., Fairflelil county, Omn. : 4T m. S. W. Hartford. High Suoals, p. o., Morgan co., Ga. ; on the Appala- chee r., at the rapid so called, 49 m. N. N. W. MiUedgc- vUle. High Shoais, p. o., Eutherftrd county, iK Car. : 1S9 m. W. S. W. Ualeigh. High Spihe, p. v., Dauphin co., Penn. : on the line of the Pennsylvania E. E., 6 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. High Spklvg, p. o., Greene co., J/o. .• 113 m. S. W. Jeffer- son Clly. HiGHTowEB, p. o., Forsyth co., Ga.: 112 m. N. W. Mil- ledgeville. HiGHTowEEs, p. 0., CaswcU CO., M Car.: 63 m. N. W. Kalcigh. HiouTSTowN, p. v., Mercer co., x: J. : 19 m. E. Trenton. The Camden and Amboy E. E., 23 m. from South Amboy, and 41 m. from Camden, passes through it. It has a news- paper, the " Village Eecord," a •n-cekly issue. Population about 400. IIiGu View, p. o., Frederick co. Virg. : 137 m. N. N. TV. Eichraond. IliGuviLLE, p. 0., Lancaster co., Perm.: 47 m. S. E. Ilar- risburg. Highway, p. o., Greenville dist., S. Car. : 107 m. N. W. Columbia. HiLHAAi, p. o., Overton co., Tenn. : 73 m. E. by N. Nash- ville. Hill, t. and p. v., Grafton CO., N. ITamp. .• 28 m. N. N-W. Concord. Drained by Smith's r., which on the E. border empties into the Pemigewasset. Surface uneven and hilly— Eagged Mountain lying on its S. boundary ; soil generally fertile. The v. is located in the S. E., and is built on one street, and by a bridge connected with Sanbornton. The Bristol Branch E. E. passes through Hill. Pop. 951. HiLLABEE, p. v., TaUadega co., Ala. : 67 m. N. by E. Montgomery. HiLLEGAS, p. o., Montgomery county, Penn. : SI m. E. Harrisburg. HiLLEP.MAX, p, o., Massac co., III. : on the N. bank of the Ohio r., ISS m. S. S. E. Springfield. Hill Geove, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: 87 m. W. Columbus. Hill Gp.ote, p. o.j Pittsylvania co., Virff. : 123 m.W. S.W. Eichmond. HiLLiiotvsE, p. o.. Lake co., Ohio : 147 m. N. E. Columbus. HiLLiAM's Stoee, p. o., Marshall co., Ala. HiLLiAr.D's, p. o., Shelby county, 7iv. : 255 m. E. N. E. Anstin City. HiLLiAEDSio.i, p. v., Nash CO., M Car. : 52 m. E. N. E. Ealeigh. H1LLIAP.DSTILLE, p. v., Henry county, Ala.: 97 m. S. E. Montgomery. HiLLSBono' county, Ftor. Bituate S. on "W. side of the pe- ninsula, and contains about 8,200 sq. m. It has the Gulf of Mexico for its W. boundary ; in the N.W. Tampa or Esjurilu Santo Bay, a large inlet of the Gulf, into which How Uills- boro r., Alalia r., Indian r., and Manatee r. ; and in the 8. W. Charlotte Harbor, another inlet, which receives Pease cr. and other streams. It covers a large extent of territory as yet unsettled, where nature exhibits some of her greatest productions in the majestic forests of cedar, magnolia, and cypress that cover it. The surface is various, parts boirjg marshy, with impenetrable swamps, and parts fine rolling cotton lauds. Soil, where cultivated, very ferlile, and gen- erally heavily timbered. The produclions embrace figs, oranges, and pomegranates. Tampa Bay afi'ords a fine harbor. Farms 120 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 253, and pop.— wh 1,711, ft-, col. C, si. 660— total 2,877. Capital : Tampa. 290 Hit HiLLSBORouGn county. J"; JTa,np. giiuate S., and con- tains S44 sq. m. Drained W. by Contoocook r, N. by Pis- cataquog r., S. by Souhogan r.. and Nashua r.. all tributa- ries of the Merrimac, which Bows S. through the E. part of the CO. Surface uneven and broken. Much of the soil is fertile, and most finely adapted to grazing and grain-grow- ing. Its streams afford great water-power, especially Uie Merrimac, on which are many large cotton and woolen factories, and thriving manufacturing cities and villages. Among these, Manchester and Nashua stand first, and have advantages hardly surpassed in New England. Farms 8,675; manuf. 899; dwell. 9,939, and pop.— wh. 67.359, tr. col. lis— total 57,477. Capital: Amherst. I'lMicWor/tn: Nashua and Lowell E. E. ; Concord E. E. ; Nashua and Worcester E. E. ; Peterboro" and Shirley E. E. ; Wilton E. E. ; Contoocook Valley E. E. ; New Hampshire Central E. E., etc. IIiLLSBORouGn, p. V., Lawrcncc co., Ala. : on the Mem- phis and Charleston E. P... 172 m. N. N.W. Montgomery. HILL5B0P.0UGII, p. v., Union eountv, Art. : lis m". 8. Little Eock. HiLLSBOEOUGH, p. V., Oneida county, A\ T. : 96 m. N. W. Albany. IlaLSBOEoroH, p. v., Jasper county, Ga. : 26 m.W. N.W. Milled geville. HiLLSBoEouGn, p. V., Fountain county, Ind : on the E. fork of Coal cr., 56 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. It contains about 20 dwellings. HiLLSBOEODGii. p. V., and cop. Montgomery eo., III. : on the E. of the Middle Fork of Shoal er., 47 m. S. S. E. Spring- lielil. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., several stores and mechanic shops, and about 600 inhabitants. The Terro Haute and Alton E. E. will pass through the village. HiLLSBoEoiiGii, p. v., Henry county, la. : 49 m. S Iowa City. HiLLSBoEOCGH, p. V., Fleming county, Ay. .• 74 m. E. Frankfort. HiLLSBoRouGn, p. V., and cap. Seott co.. Miss. : on a small branch of Pearl r., 41 m. E. by N. Jackson. It con- tains a court-house and several stores and mechanic shops, and about 600 inhabitanls. The North Carohna E. E. pa.sses through it HiLLSBOKOuGii, p. V., Caroline co., Md. : on the E. side of Tuckahoe cr., 65 m. E. Annapolis. HiLLSBOP.oiion, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co.. Mo. : on the high land between Big r. and the Mississippi, 92 m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., and has several stores. UiLLSBonouGn, p. v., and cap. Orange county, A: Car.: on Eno r. of the Neuse, 42 m. N. W. Ealeigh. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., has several stores and mechanic shops, and publishes two newspapers, the " Eecorder" (whig), and tlie "Democrat" (dcm.), both weekly issues. Pop. about 600. HiLLSBOEOuGii, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., IT. Ramp. ' 21 m.W. S. W. Concord. Drained by Contoocook and Hills- borough rivers, which supply water-power. Surface uneven and hilly ; soil of moderate fertility. The v. has considerable manulaclures, and in the t. are numerous industrial estab- lishments, as mills, factories, mechanic shops, etc. Popu- lation 1 ,685. Hillsborough, p. v., and cap. Highland CO., 0/iio: 61 m. S. S. W. Columbus. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., several mechanic shops and stores, and in 1S50 had 1.392 in- habitanls. Two newspapers are published here, the "H. Gazette" (dcm.), and the "Highland News" (whig), both weekly issues. Hillsborough is a principal station on the Cincinnati, Hillsborough, and Parkersburg E. E., and aa such nmst become the dei)Ot for a wide and fertile country. It is 60 m. by railroad route from Cincinnati. HiLLSBOEOUGH, p. v., Washington Co., Penn. : on tho National Eoad, 173 m. W. Harrisliurg. Pop. about 200. The site is 1,002 feet above the Ohio r. at Wheelmg. HIL HIN Hillsborough, p. v., Coffoe county, Teiin.: CT m. S. K. Nashville. HrLLSBOEOUGn, p. v.y and cap. Washington co., Oreff. : on ft, branch of Tualatin r., 42 m. N. Sulem, and 14 m. W. Portland. Hillsborough, p. v., Loudon co., Tirff. : 123 m. N. by "W. Eiolmiund. It contains, several mills aud stores, and about 200 inhabitants. Hillsborough BRrDGE. p. o.. Ilillsborongh o,, K.ITam}^. : on the N. side of Contoooook r., which is here crossed by a bridge, 20 m.W. S.W. dmcord. The Contoocook Yallfy E. K. has its present terminus at this point. UiLLSBORorGn Cextbe, ]). 0., Hillsborough county, J^T. Ilamp. : 23 m.^y. S. W. Concord. Hill's Coeneks, p. o.. Penobscot co., M>'. Hillsdale county, 2Iirh. Situate S., and contains COS sq. m. Drained S. by heads of St. Joseph's r., flowing into Maumee r., and N. by heails of St. Joseph's r., emptying into Lake Michigan. Surface undulating, with occasional marshes, and somj* of the highest land in the peninsula ; soil a black, sandy loam, and very productive of grain, but less adapted to grazing. In the N. arc "oak openings," but the rest of the co. was originally timbered heavily. Fine building sandstone is plenty in parts, and iron ore is fouud. Its streams have many fine mill-seats. Farms 1,411 ; manuf. 45 ; dwell. 2,965, and pop.— wh. 16,153, fr. col. 6— total 16,159. Capitiil: Hillsdale. FuhUc Works: Michigan Southern E. K. Hillsdale, t.. p. t., and cap. Hillsdale co., ^fich. : on the outletof St- Joseph orBourbese Lake, 55 m. S. Lansing, and on the line of the Michigan Southern li. K., and about 70 miles from Monroe and Toledo. It is eligibly situate as a manufacturing place, having a large water-power, and as a centre of trade has many advantages. The v. contains a court-house, jail, etc., and about 600 inhabitants. Two news- papers are published here, the " II. Gazette" (dera.), and *' II. Stanrd. Holland, t and p. o., Hampden county, Mass.: 63 m. W. S. W. Boston. Drained by head branches of Quinne- baug r. It is a small town, with some manufactures. Pop, of t. 4i9. Holland, t. and v., Ottawa co., 3Iii'?i. : at the confluence of Black r. with the estuary so called, 76 m. W. Lansing. It has eood harborage, and the v. is a thriving place of some 400 inhabitants. The '* Hollander," a weekly newspaper, is published. Pop. of t. 3,S29. Holland, t. and p. v., Erie co., y. Y. : 237 m. W. Albany. Drained by Seneca and Cazenova creeks. Sur- face high and rolling; soil moist clay and sandy loam. The village consists of about 25 dwellings. Pop. of t. 1,315. Holland, p. 0., Venango county, Penn.: 19T ra. N. W, Harrisburg. Holland, t. and p. o., Orleans co., Verm.. : 59 m. N. N. E, Montpelicr. Situate on the Canada border. Draired b) streams flowing N. into Lake Massawippi, S. into Seymour HOL Lake, and W. into Lake Memphremagog, the waters of all which are ultimately discharged through St. Francis r. into the St. Lawrence. Surface elevated, and has several ponds, the soiu-ces of the streams indicated ; soil fertile. Pop. 6lj3. UoLL\>-D Tatent, p. v., Oneida county, JV. Y.: 81 m. W. N. W. Albany. It contains 2 churchca, an endowed academy, and about yiii) inhabitants. lIoLLiNo's, p. o., Laurens district, S. Car. : 63 m. N. W. Columbia. lIoLLET, p. v., Orleans co., y. Y. : on Sandy cr., 216 m. yi. N. W. All)any. Tlie Erie Canal aud the Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls K. l:. here cross the creek. It is an active trading place of between 85(1 aud 400 in- habitants. HoLLiDATsmmon, p. 1)., and cap. Blair co., Penn. ; on Beaver Dam cr., 1-3 m. W. N. W. direct, or by railroad 13T m. from llarrisburg. It is a place of considerable trade, ami has some mauulaetures. The Alleghany Portage E. K. commences here and pa-sses over the Alleghanies, uniting the two sections of the Pennsylvania Canal, and also the eastern and western divisions of the Pennsylvania K. K. Jlollidaysburgli lias four newspapers, the ■• Democratic Standard" (.leni.), the "U. Kegisler'' (whig), the "Shield" (relig.), and the "Blair County Whig," all weekly issues. Pop. in 1S40, 1.S96, and in 1S50, 2,417. lIoLLiDAV's Cove, p. o., Uaucock county, 17/-17-- SiO w. N. W. Iliehmond. UoLHDATSViLLE, p. v., DooIy CO., Ga. : on the E. bank of Flint r., 112 in. S. S. \V. Milledgcvilie. UoLLiNGSWoaxii, p. v., Uabcrshaiii co., 6a. : on a branch of Hudson's fork of Broad r., 91 m. N. by W. MiUedgoville. IIoLLis, t and p. v., York co., Me. : m m. S. W. Augusta. Drained by affluents of Saco r., which is its E. border, and Os-sippee r. runs along its N. border. Surface diversilied ; soil generally fertile, with some Bne meadows. The rivers affor'l excellent mill-sites. The v. lies on Saco r., opposite Buxton, with which it is connected by a bridge. The York and Cumberland H. K. crosses the t. and r. a little to the N. Lumber is extensively manufactured, and there are pot- teries etc. Pop. of t. 2,6S3. UoLLis. p. v., Peoria eo.. III. : 54 m. S. by E. Springfield. HoLUS, t. and p. o., Ilillsboro' eo.. A'. J/amji. : 35 m. S. Concord. Drained by Kashua aud its tributaries, and ponds and other streams of Merrimao river. There b much fine fanning laud in the t., which is well cultivated. Tho v. lies centrally. Pop. of t. 1,293. HoLLis Ce.stre, p. o., York county. Me. : 71 m. S. W. Augusta. Hollistek's MII.I.S, p. o., Holt CO., MLLY Ueteeat, p. 0., Wilkinsou CO., Miss.: lOS m, S. \V. Jackson. Holly Speino, p. v., Wake Co., X. Car. : 16 m. N. N.W EaieiglL HOL Holly Speino, p. o., Dallas co., .-1;*. .■ 64 m. S. by W. Little Itoek. Holly Springs, p. v., and cap. Marshall eo.. Miss. : on an elevated site or watershed dividing the streams, 168 m. N. by E. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. Its success is prospective, but there is every reason to believe that it will shortly be- come a great railroad and business centre, as it lies on tho routes of several projected lines of iniportaiil roads. Two newspapers, the "II. S. Gazette" (whig), and the "Jack- sonian" (dem.), are issued weekly. Pop. about COO. HOLMDEL, p. v., Monmouth co.. A' J-a: : 33 m. E. by N. Trenton. It is a small v. on an affluent of Navesink r., aud contains alKiut 20 dwellings. Holmes county, Flor. Situate N. W., and contains 732 sq. in. Choctawatcliie r. runs S. tlirougli it, and it is drain- ed liy its branches. Surface mostly even, with some con- siderable elevations ; soil on the streams fertile, and much covered with pine. Cotton is the staple. Farms 1«3 ; niaiiuf. 0; dwell. 267, and pop.— wli. 1,481, fr. col. 0, si. 163 —total 1,044. Ca/jital: Cerro Gordo. Holmes eouiily. Miss. Situate N. centrally, and contains S7G sq. m. Yazoo r. bounds it W., and Big Black r. E., by branches of which it is drained. Surface various, and soils excellent. It possesses much good water-power, a part of which is improved, and raises large numbers of cattle and swine. The principal business is the culture of cotton, for which the soil is very favorable. Farms 640; manuf. 21; dwell. 995, and pop.— wh. 5,637, fi-. col. 4, si. 8,377— total 13,918. CajiiUit: Lexington. Holmes county, Oldo. Situate E. centrally, and contains 439 sq. ni. Surface diversilied, and in parts broken ; soils of excellent quality, equally a.lapted to grass and grain. It has numerous manufactories, and raises many catdc, sheep, and swine. Farms 2,171 ; manuf. 122 ; dwell. 3,436, a,„l p„p.— wh. 20,448, fr. col. 4— total 20,452. Capital: Millersburg. PiiUi^ ll'oris ; Millersburg Extension of the Akron and Hudson E. K.; Ohio and Pennsylvania K. P.. Holmes' Bay, p. o., Washington co., Me. IIoLMESBURGii, p. V., Philudelphiaco., Peiiii.: on Penny- pact cr., 96 m. E. Harrisburg, and 9 m. N. Philadelphka. The cr. is navigable to Lewis' Mill, in the neighborhood. Pop. about 400. There is a mill here erected 1697, and built of stone. Holmes' Hole, p. v., Dukes eo., Jfass. : on the W. side of the bay so called, 69 m. S. S. E. Boston. The village has about 400 inliabitants. Holmes' Hole is an important har- bor oil the N. side of Martha's Vineyard, deep enough for the largest class of vessels, and secure. It is much resorted to by mariners when the winds are unfavorable to rounding Cape Cod, and as a port of refuge it has no superior. The inhabitants have a number of vessels, chiefly employed in coasting and the fisheries. Holmes' Valley, p. v., and cap. "Washington CO., Floi: : 94 m. W. Tallahassee. Situate on Holmes' creek, which empties through Choctawatchie r. into the bay of the same name. It has a court-house and about 60 inhabitants. Holmesville, p. v., and cap. Appling co., Ga. : on a branch of Little SantUla river, 107 miles S. E. Milledgo- vUle. It contams a court-house, jail, etc., and about 160 in- habitants. Holmesville, p. v., Avoyelles par., la. : on the W. bank of Bayou Teche, 73 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. Holmesville. p. v., and cap. PUic Co., Mt-is. : on the W. side of Bogue Cliitlo r., 72 m. S. Jackson. It has a court- house, and contains about 600 inhabitants. The " Tem- perance Banner" is a weekly newspaper, published here. Holmesville, p. v., Holmes county, Ohio: 71 m. N. E. Columbus. HoLSToN, p. v.. Washington co., rirg. : on Holston r.,279 m. W. S. W. Eiehmond. Houston Spbings, p. v., Scott Co., Virg. : 292 m.W. S.W. Eiehmond. 29S HOL UoLSTON Valley, p. o., Sullivan co.. Tenn,: 253 m. E. Nashville. Holt county, Mo. Situate N. W., and contains 442 sq. m. Drained by Nodaway r., wliicU bounds it K., and Big and LitUe Tarkio rivers, all allluents of Missouri r., which is its W. boundary. Surface off the rivers, level or rolling ; on the Missouri are bluffs or high grounds. Soil productive, and well adaiited to grazing. Farms 305 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 614, and pop.— wh. 8,827, fr. col. 3, si. 127— total 3,357. Cap- ital : Oregon. Holt's Stoke, p. c, Orange co., iV. Car. : 47 m. N. W. Ealcigh. Holy Neck, p. a, Nansemond co., Yirg. : 76 m. S. E. Eiehmond. Holyokk, t. and p. v., Hampden Co., J/oss. ; 93 ni. W. Boston. Taken from N. jiart of West Spriugfleld, and for- merly called Ireland Parish. Drained by several creeks flowing to Wcstlield r., and the Connecticut forms its E. boundary. Surface, except on the Connecticut, hilly ; soil generally fertile. The v. is situate opposite South lladlcy Palls, and dates back only a few years. It is intended to make it a large manu&cluring place, and for this purpose a dam has been thrown across the river, securing to it an im- mense water-power. The v. will be built np by Boston capital, and already between four and five million dollars are invested in the enterprise. The manufactures are chiefly cotton, and there is also a very extensive machine shop here, at which the mill machinery is built. The " Hampden Freeman" (whig), is issued weekly. Pop. of t. 3,246. Holyoke mountain, Hampshire Co., J/aS6. : a rango of mountains, terminating in a high peak on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Mount Tom, and is, in fact, the same range as the latter, broken through by the Connecticut. Its greatest elevation is about 1,000 feeL Its faces on the river, and toward the N. are very steep and precipitous, and generally well wooded. HoMASASSA, p. v., Benton Co., Ftor. : at the head of the river so called, )5S m. S. E. Tallahassee. Home, p. o., Indiana county, reim.: 123 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Ho.\iE, p. v., Jefferson co., Inrl. : 86 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Ho.ME, p. o., Van Buren county, la. : 78 m. S. by W. Iowa City. HoMEE, p. o., Champaign county, III. : 90 m. E. N. E. Springtield. HoMEK, t. and p. v., Calhoun county, Mich. : 42 m. S. by W. Lansing. Drained by S. branch of Kalam,azoo r., which has largo water-power. Surface generally level- sometimes marshy ; soil fertile. The v. is a thriving settle- ment on the r., and has about 300 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 929. HO.MEE, t. and p. v., Cortlandt county, ^'. Y. : 122 m. W. Albany. Drained by Tioughnioga cr. and its tributaries. Surface level ; soil sandy and clay loam. The v. on the W. bank of the creek has numerous mills, factories, and me- chanic shops, with stores, etc., and a population of 1,600 souls. The " Cortlandt County Whig" is published weekly. The t. is also largely engaged in manufactures." Pop. 3,836. Hosier, p. o.. Potter co., I'enn, : 137 m. N.W.Uarrisburg. HoMEE, p. v.. Licking Co., Ohio : on the N. fork of Lick- ing river, 31 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains several mills, mechanic shops, stores, etc., and about 400 inhabitants. Homer, p. v., and cap. Claiborne par., Za. : on the E. side of Bayou Doreheat, 194 m. N. W. Baton liouge. HoMBEViLLE, p. V., Medina county, Ohio : &4 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Home Spkcjg, p. o., Holmes co., jTlor. : lOS m. W. N.W. Tallahassee. HoMEwooD, p. o., Scott county, Mlsa. : 42 m. E. N. E. Jackson. HoMMENEY Ceeek, p. 0., BuQcombo CO., jV. Car. : 232 m. W. Raleigh. HoNEOYE, p. v., Ontario co., y. T. : at the foot of Uoneoye Lake, ISO ra. W. by N. Albany. It has several mdls and i9i HOO workshops, and about 200 inhabitants. Honeoye Lake ia about 5 m. long and 1 m. wide, and is a beautiful sheet of water. HosEOYE Fall.'), p. v., Monroe co., iK Y. : on Uoneoye cr., 192 m. W. by N. Albany. The cr. has here a fall of luO feet in 2 m., of which 8u feet is a perjiendicular fall in the centre of the village. It is the seat of numerous industrial establishments, furnaces, woolen factories, flouring mills, etc., and contains about 1,400 inhabitants. In the vicinity there is abundance of flne building stone. HoNEsnALE, p. b., and former cap. Wayne CO., Peiin. at the confluence of Dyberry and Lackawa.\en creeks, 121 m. N. E. Harrisburg. It is the junction point of several railroads and canals, and may be considered as the W. termi- nus of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. It is a compara- tively new place— in 1840 it contained 1,036 inhabitants, and in 1S50, 2,263. Two newspapers are published here, the " Wayne County Herald" (whig), and the '■ H. Democrat" (dem.), both weekly issues. The borough baa some import- ant manufactures. HoxEY Beook, t and p. o., Chester co., Pmn. : 54 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Brandywiuo river. Surface generally level ; soil sandy loam. There arc several mills, tanneries, stores, etc., in the L Pop. 1,929. HosET Ceeek, p. o., M'Donald Co., Mo. : in the S. W. corner of the State, 196 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Honey Ceeek, p. o., "Walworth CO., 117*e. ; on Honey cr, of Fo.\ river, 62 m. E. S. E. Madison. Honey Cut, p. o., Baldwin co., Ala. : 156 m. S. S. W. Montgomery. Honey Grove, p. o., Fannin co., Tex. : on Honey Grove cr. of Bois d' Arc r., 2S4 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Honey Point, p. o., Macoupin co., lU. : 47 m. S. by W. Spruigfield. Honey Town, p. t., Dale county, Ala. : 97 m. S. S. E. Montgomery. Honeyville, p. v.. Page co., Virtj.: on Shenandoah r., 96 m. N. W. Eiehmond. Hood's Mills, p. v., CarroU co., Ind. : on the yf. branch of Patapsco r., and on the lino of the Baltimore and Ohio E. E., 85 m. W. Baltimore, and 30 m. N. Vf. Annapolis. HooDsvLLLE, p. v., Marion coimty, Virff. : 20S m. N. W. Eiehmond. HooKEE, p. 0., Hunt county, Tt.'x.: 256 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Hookekstown, p. v., Greene co., JfT. Car. : on the W. side of Contentnea cr. of Neuse r., 03 m. E. S. E. Ealeigh. Hookestown, p. v., Beaver co., Penn. : on a branch of Mill cr., 212 m. W. Harrisburg. Pop. about 250. HooKSET, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., A\ Uamp. : 11 m. S. by E. Concord. Drained by Merrimac r., which runs through it, and has within the t. a descent of 16 feet in 13 rods, around which is a canal a quarter of a mile long. The V. is situate on the W. side of the r., and on the line of the Concord E. E., 9 m. S. Concorii. In the t. there are several large cotton and other nuinufaetures, and there is plenty of power for their expansion. Pop. 1,503. HooKSTOWN, p. v., Baltimore coimty, Md, : 31 N. by W. Annapolis. HoosKK, p. v., Greene county, Wi»o.: 83 m. S. by W. Madison. HoosicK, t and p. o., Eensselaer co., 2^. Z .• 24 m. N. E. Albany. Drained by Hoosick r. and its tributaries. Surface hilly; soil clay, sand, and loam, with some gravel, well adapted to grazing. The t. has several extensive mills and factories. In Hoosick the various railroads from Albany and Troy to Eutland, etc., north, and to Boston, etc., cast, form junctions. The Troy and Boston E, E. passes tlirough an immense tunnel, driven through the Hoosick Mountains, in the south part of the town. Pop. 8,724. lIoosioK Falls, p. v., Eensselaer co., Al Y. : on both sides of Hoosick r., 20 m. N. E. Albany. The r. here has a fall of 40 feet, affording immense water-power. The manu- noo HOP faclures carried on are considerable, and the v. contains at least GOO inhabitants. HoosicK mountain. Ma.-r. : 51 m. N. N. W. Trenton. Drained by Beaver and other creeks, affluents of Delaware r. The v. is on a branch of Beaver, and con- tiins about 300 inhabitants. Pop. oft. 1.756. Hopt:, t. and p. v., Hamdton co., K Y. : 53 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Sacandaga r. and its tributaries, Slosy creek, etc. Surface varied ; soil, except on the rivers, not very fertile. Hope village lies on the E. side of Sacandaga river, below the eunflueuce of Stony cr. Pop. oft. 7S9. Hope, p. v., Franklin co., Ohio : 17 m. X. E. Columbus. Hope Centre, p. v., Hamilton co., iV". Y, : on the E. side of Sacandaga r., 55 m. N. W. Albany. Hopeoale, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: 102 m. E. by N. Coknntuis. HopEUALE CoM^r^^^TY settlement, Worcester co., Ma^s. : contains a population of ISO souls. The association owns 50O acres of land, nnd carries on a dozen different branches of industry. It is represented to be in a flourishing and harmonious condition. Hope Falls, p. o., Hamilton county, X. T. : 53 m. N. E. Albany. Hope Faem, p. o., Louisa county, /(/. ; 3G m. S. S, E. Iowa City. lIopK Hill, p. o., Pike co,, J/m. ; 7s m. S. Jackson. H<.>PE Hill, p. o., Gibson county, Tttin.: 122 m.W. by S. Nashville. Hope Mill, p. o., Maury county, Tt^itn. : 42 m. S. by "W. Nashville. HopB Mills, p. o., Page co., Virg. : on Shenandoah r., 100 m. X. W. r.ichmond. Hope Station, p. o., Lexington dist.. A'. Oir. : on the line of Uie Greenville and Columbia H. li., 2St m. from Columbia. Hopewell, p. v., Mahaska county, Ja.: G4 m. W. S. W. Iowa City. Hopewell, p. v., Greene county, A(ilanls. I'op. of t. 2.3sS. Hopewell, p. v., Macon co„ IH. : 42 ra. E. Springfield. Hopewell, t. and p. v., IJcdfonl county, Peim. : 8^3 m.W". Harrisl)urg. Drained by Itaystown I»rai;cb of Juniata river and its tributaries. Surface mountainous; soil, cliicfly cal- careous loam. Bituminous coal is abundant. Pop. 1,392. Hopewell, p. v., Jennings co., l)id. : uu a cr. of Muscala- tuk r., Gti m. S. S. K. Indianapolis, Hopewell, p. v., York district, S. Car. : SG ni, N. Columbia. Hopewell, p. c, IJi)shur county, Tex. : 24S m. N. E. Austin City. Hopewell Cotton-Works, p. o., Chester co., Peiin. ; 67 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Hopewell Cross Koads, p. o., Harford co., Md. : on the main road between Baltimore and l'liila/. Situate W., and contains 62S sq. ra. Drained by Green r., its N. E. boundary, Deer and Otter creeks, and Pond r., its branches, the last forming its E. boundary, and S. by Clear cr., an affluent of the Ohio. Surface moderately uneven; soil very good, and in parts timbered. Tobacco is the staple, corn an«i wheat yield well, and much pork is raised. Farms 1,354; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,738, and pop.— wh. 10,199, fr. col. 50, si. 2,192— total 13,441. Capital: Madisonville. PuhlicWorks : Nash- ville and Henderson R. R. Hopkins county, Tex\ Situate N. E., and contains 1,0G4 sq. m. rirained N. by the S. fork of Suliilmr r. and White Oak Bayou, affluents of Red r., and S. by heads of Lake Fork of Sabine r. Surface slightly uneven, and in the X. prairie ; soil mostly very fertile, generally covered with a dense growth of timber, and when cleared gives great returns of cotton and corn. Farms 22l ; manuf. ; dwell. 435, and pop.— wh. 2,4G9, fr. col. 0; el. 154— total 2,623. Capital. Tarrant. Hopkins' Gp.ove. p. o., Polk co., la.: a little E. of Des Moines r., 117 m. W. bjwa Cily. Hopkins' Tup.n Out, p. o., Riehland dist., S. Car.: on the Columbia Brunch of the South Carolina R. R., 11 m. S. E. Columbia. HoPKiNsviLLE, p. v., and cap. Christian co., K'j. : on Little r., 16S m. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., 7 or 8 churches, several academies, numerous stores and mechanic shops, and about l.SOO inhabitants; arid it has two newspapers, the " People's Press" (dem.), and the "Green River Whig," both weekly issues. It lies on the proposed railroad line from Nashville to Henderson, Hopkinsville. p. v.. Warren co., Ohio : about a mile E. of the Little Miami R. R., 7G m. S. W. Columbus. It con- taitis about 250 inhabitant.**. UopKi.NTOS, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Ma-^-^.: 27 m. 295 HOP HOf "W. 8. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Charles and Mill rivers, which have some mill-sites. Surface rough ; soil indifferent, but will cultivated. The Boston and Woreesler K. E. runs on its N. border. Hopkinton mineral springs are much visited in the summer, and are said to be reme- dial. The V. is situate centrally. Pop. of t. 2,S02. Hopkinton, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., iV. Ilamp. : 7 m. "W. Concord. Drained by Contoocook r. and its branches, ■Warner and Blackwater rivers. Surface diversified ; soil on the rivers fertile. The principal v. contains the county jail. Contoocookville and West Hopkinton are flourishing villages on the W. side of Contoocook r. and on the line of the Contoocook Valley R. R. The Concord and Claremont K. E. also passes through the town. Immense water-power is furnished by the rivers, and manufactories have been es- establishcd in all the villages. I'op. of t. 2,169. Hopkinton, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., K. T. : 140 m. N. N. W. Albany. Drained by the Racket and St. Regis rivers. Surface in the S. hilly and sterile, and in the N. levtd and fertile. The t, is about 85 m. long from N. to S., and about 8 m. wide ; but is scarcely inhabited in the S. part. The V. in the N. part of the t. contains about 200 iiilial'it- ants. In the t. there are numerous grist and saw mills, tanneries, etc. Pop. 1,470. Hopkinton, t. and p. v., Washington co., Ji. I. : 32 m. B. W. Providence. Drained by Wood r. and other afflu- enta of Charles and Pawcatuck rivers, which afford valu- able water-power. Surface low and level; soil fertilf, adapted to grain and grazing. The t has cotton, woolen, and iron manufactures. The celebrated Brand's Iron Works are on Wood river. Hopkinton City is a floxu-ishing V. on a branch of Charles r., in the S. part of the town. Pop. 2,478. Pawcatuck r. has productive fisheries of shad and alcwives, Hopper'8 Mills, p. o., Henderson co., lU. : 9S m. N. W. Springfield. HoEicox, t. and p. v., "Warren county, N. Y. : 67 m. N. All)any. Drained by numerous lake creeks. Brandt Lake is wholly within this t., and Schroon Lake partly so — both have their outk-ls in the Schroon r., which bounds it on the W. Surface hilly and mountainous ; soil indifferent, except on the alluviala of the streams. The v. lies in the S. part, and is a small agricultural settlemenL Pop. of t, 1,152. HoRicoN, p. v., Dodge co.., Wise, : on Rock r., 49 m. N. E. Madison. HonNnKOOK, p. c, Bradford county , Fenn. : 109 m. N. Earrisburg. Hornby, t. and p. v., Steuben co., A\ Y. : 164 ra. W. by S. Albany. Drained by creeks of Conhocton rivers. Surface somewhat hilly ; soil of average fertility. Pop. 1,314, HoRNELLSTiLLE, t. and p. V., Stcubon CO., N. Y.: 19G m. "W. by S. Albany. Drained by Cani.steo r. and its tribu- taries. Surface hilly and broken, but mostly arable. The V. lies on the Canisteo r., on the line of the New York and Erie R. E., and at the point where the Buffalo and New York City E. E. diverges. There are large workshops here, several stores, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,637. HoRNEKSTOWN, p. T., Occan CO., 2^\ Jer.: 39 m. S. E. Trenton. Hornet's Nest, p. o., Meckleuburgh co., y. Cat: : 133 m. "W. S. W. Ealeigh. noRNSBORouGii, p. V., ChcstcrficId dist., S. Ca}\ : 79 m. N. E. Columbia. Horntown, p, v., Accomac co., Vit'(/. : 112 m. E. by N. Richmond. Horry district, S. Car. Situate E., and contains 1.071 eq. m. Lies on the Atlantic Ocean, which is its S. E. bound- ary, and drained by "Waecamaw r., which crosses the county from N. E. to S. \V., and branches of Lillle Pee Dee r., ■fthich f»)rins lis W. boundary. Surface low and level; soil of moderate fertility, consisting in parts of marshes well adapted to rice growing. Corn, rice, and cotton are staples. 296 Farms 731 ; manuf. 7 ; dwell. 9S0, and pop.— wli. 5,521, fr* col. 50, si. 2,075— total 7,646. Capital : Conwaysboro.' IIor.SE Creek, p. o., Lexington dist,, S. Car. Horse Creek, p. o., Dadu county, Jfo. : 12S m. S. "W. Jefferson City. Horse Creek, p. o., Will county, III.: 123 m. N. E. Springfield. Horse Ckeek, p. c, Greene county, Tenn.: 226 m. E. Nashville. IIoESE Creek, p. c, Rutherford co., 2^. Car. : 18S m. TV. S. ^y. Raleigh. Horse Head, p. o., Johnson co., Ark.: on a creek of Arkansas r. so called, 91 m. "W. N. W. Little Rock. IIorsE Head, p. o., Macon county, Ga. : 76 m. 8. "W. MlUedgevilie. Horse Heap, p. o.. Prince George's co., Md. Horse pASTt'itE, p. o., Henry co., Virg. : 14S m.W. S.W. Richmond. Horse Pe>% p. o., Choctaw co., Miss. : 97 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Horse Shoe, p. c, Pickens dist., S. Car.: on a fork of Tugaloo r.,144 W. N. W. Columbia. . HoRSR Shoe Benp, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala.: on tho Tallapoosa river, at the bend so called, 42 m. N. E. Mont^ gomery. Horse Shoe Bottom, p. o., Eussell co., Ky. : on the S. side of Cumberland r., S7 m. S. Frankfort. HoRSEHAM, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 97 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Neshaminy and Pennypack creeks. Surface level ; soil calcareous loam. The v. called Horseham Square, in the centre of the t., has a Fricnd'a meeting-house, and about a dozen dwellings. Pop. of t, 1,209. Horsey'b Cross Roads, p. c, Sussex co., Dd. : 37 m. S. Dover. Horton*s Valley, p. o., Eusseli county, Yirg. : 278 m. AV. S. W. Richmond. Hortonville, p. v.. Brown co., Wise: 118 m. N. N. E. Madison. HoSENSACK, p. 0., Lehigh co., Peiin. : 82 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Hoskiksville, p. v., Jflorgan co., Ohio : 69 m. E. by S. Columbus. HoTcnKissviLLE, p. 0., Litchflcld co., Conn. : between the branches of Pamperang r., 32 m. W. S. W. Hartford. It is a small manufacturing village of some 300 inhabitants. Hotel, p. o., Bertie co., J^. Car. : lOl m. E. Raleigh. Hot House, p. o., Gilmer county, Ga.: 137 m, N, "W. Milledgcviile. Hot Springs county. Ark. Situate S. centrally, and con- tains 969 sq. m. Drained centrally and W. by Washita r., and E. by Saline r., a branch of the Washita, and the E. line of the co. Surface high and broken, with level river bottoms; soils fertile, excellent com land, and the best of pasturage. Cattle and grain are the staples. It contains vast dei>ositea of coal and celebrated hot mineral springs. Farms 320 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 579, and pop.— wh. 3,237, fr. col. 11, si. 861— total 3,609. Capital : RockporU PuUic Works : Little Rock and Shreveport R. E. Hot Springs, p. v., and former cap. Hot Springs co., Ark: : 47 m. W. S. W. Little Rock. It is u v. of some 200 inliabilauts. Here are a large number of hot springs break- ing from the W. side of a mountain, and flowing into a small cr. of the Washita r., which is 6 m. S. of the Springs. The temperature of the several springs vary from 110° to ISOoPahr. About 3 m. N. E. are the chalybeate springs, the waters of which are cold; and in Montgumery co., about3u in. W. by N., are also sulphur sprijigs. The whole neighborhood is of volcanic formation, and affords fine scenery, which, in conjunction with the remedial properties of the waters, have a happy effect on the broken-down constitution. Hot Springs, p. v., Bath co., Yirg. : 12S m. "W. N. W. IIOU HOU Eichniond. Here is n Kishionable w:ittTiiig-|ilacc, willi CTcry acooramoiiation for travel or snj.niru. I>r. Itogcrs's analysis of 64 cubic inches of the water gives the solid mat- ters contained therein as follows — carbonate of lime, 4-S2 grains ; sulphate of lime, 1-5"^ ; sulpllate of soda. 92 ; sul- phate of magnesia, tV5T ; muriate of soda. 37; and silica, 0-05. There are six baths, and the hot pool or bath ranges from 100° to 107° Fahr. There is a hot spout for ladies, and one for gentlemen, of the temperature of 1C6° Fahr., with a fall of about 5 feet. The effleaey of these spouts in cases of local physical derangement is well established — tlieir curative properties being much more rapid in action than if not thermal. Horcic's Store, p. o.. Carroll co., .Via County Journal" (whig), are weeklies; and the semi-monlhly is tlte " Eural llepublican" (literary). The number of houses in the city in 1S50 was So2, and the inhab- itants G.'214. Hudson was sftlled in 17s3 by Thomas Jenkins and others, chiefly Quakers from ilassacbusetts and Ehode Island. In 17s5 it was chartered as a city. Hudson, hand p. v., Summit co., Ohio: 11" m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by numerous creeks flowing in several directions to the Cuyahoga r. Surface elevated and rolling; soil clay loam, very fertile in grass and grain. The village is pleasantly located on a plain, from which the ground rises toward the N. It contains several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. The Ckvehmd and i'ittsburg E. E. i)asses through it 26 m. from Cleveland, and from it diverges the Akron Branch R. E. Hudson is the seat of the Western Reserve College, founded in 1826, and which is under rrcHbyierian supervision: it has a Ihoologieal department. The College has s professors, and in ISoO had ISl alumni and 57 students, with a library of S,000 volumes; and the theological department liad 8 professors and 14 students. The periodicals published here are the " Ohio Observer'' (relig.), and the *' Family Visitor" (literary)— the first a weekly ami the latter a semi-monthly issue. The t. is chiefly agricultural. Fop. of t. 1,457. Hudson, p. o.. Franklin co.. Ga.: on Hudson's Fork of Broad r., S3 m. >J. Milletlgeville. Hudson (or North) river, A'. )■: ; one of the most import- ant rivers of the United Stales, though in length and volume of water it is much less than many others. It was discov- ered in 1600 by llen*lrieh Hudson, whose name it bears, and it is supposed that he explored il as far as Albany. The Hudson rises by two main branches in the mountains W. of lakes Champlain and George; the E. or Schroon branch passes through Schroon Lake, and the other branch rises farllier W. by various head streams, the twt) uniting in the S. part of Warren co., about 40 m. from their rc.-'i>eclive sources. After a course of 15 m. S., the Hudson receives Sacandaga river; it then runs E. by S. 15 m. to Iladley's Falls, and thence 20 m. N. by E.to Glen's Falls; it then flows S. 40 m., and receives from the W. its principal tribu- tary, the Mohawk. Its fail in this distance is 147 feel ; thence running a little W. of S. 15G m., it enters the ocean at Sandy Hook. The whole length of the river fnm its sources to its entrance into New York Bay, is a little over 300 m. ; and so straight is the river between Albany and New York, that the distance by water is less than that by land. The influence of the tide is felt a little above Albany, though it properly does not How so far. It is navigable for large ships IIS m. above New York, to Hudson, and for sloops and large steamers to Albany, 145 m. Sloops and steamboats proceed 6 m. farther to Troy, and sloops, by a dam and lock, to Waterford, b m. above Albany. Through a considerable part of its course its banks are elevatei.1, i>ar- ticularly on the W. aide, and^in some parts are high, rocky, and precipitous. The Hudson Kiver E. E, skirls its E. shore, and often is carried into tlie river on embankments. No part of the Union presents more picturesque sceuery than the banks of the Hudson, and the passage through llie Highlands, 53 m. above New York City, is grand — here the mountains, over 1,400 feet high, come down to the very margin of the stream. New York owes much of its i)re- emincnt advantages to this noble river; being connected with the great western lakes by the Erie Canal and several lines of railroad, and with Lake Champlain and Canada also by both canal and railroad, and with Delaware r. and the coal region of Pennsylvania — by the Delaware and Hudson Canal, it becomes the main trunk of an immense commerce; it forms, indeed, one of the great eouueeting links of the chain which binds the East and West, and bears upon its bosom in llie noblest steamers the world ever saw, and in a vast number of other craft, the traveler and the mer- chandise to and from the American metropolis. As might have been expected, its banks are lined by many large and flourishing cities and villages, the principal of which on the E. side, are Troy, Hudson, Pougbkeepsie, and New York; and on the W . side, Albany, Catskill, and Newburg. Its wa- ters were the theatre of the first ftuccefififul atlerapt to apply steam to the propelling of vessels, and the very first to witness the application of caloric to the same purposes. The one dates from ISOS, and immortalizes the names of Fulhm and Livingston, and tiie latter from January, 1S53, immortal iziug the name of Ericsson. Little did those who saw the coin- raeneement of the era of steam navigation dream of the ex- tent of its application to the jjurpose of commerce: and as little may the lookers-on of lo-day foresee the vastness of the project just initiated by the later discovery. HuDsoNviLLE, p. V., Brcckenridge co., A'l/.: on the N. side of Eough cr., 91 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. HuDsoNviLi-E, p. v., Marshall co., Mi-w. ; 17G m. N. by E. ^ Jackson. Huff's Cp-eek, p. o., Logan county, Vi/ff.: 247 la. W Eichmond. HUG HUN HuaGiN's Crkek, p. o., M'Nairy county, Term.: 122 m. S. W. Nashville. llroiiESviLi.K. p. v., Lycoming co., Penii. : on Muncy cr., C7 m. N. Harrishurg. nuGiiEsviLLE, p. v., Loudon CO., Tirff. : 114 m. N. by W. Eichmonti. lIionsoNviLLE, p.v.,I)uchessco., A'. }'. .-76 m. S.Albany. It contains about 35 any. IIui.BEKTON, p. v., Orleans co., N". Y. : on the line of the Erie Canal. 214 m. W. by N.Albany. It contains several stores and about 800 inhabitants. Hull, t. and p. v., Plyraoulh co., J/fis«. ; 11 m. E. S. E. Boston— occupies a long, narrow peninsula, forming the S. E. boundary of Boston Harbor. The village is situate on Nanlaskct Head. Salt is manufactured in the town. Pop- ulation 253. Hulls, p. o., Athens co., Ohio : 63 m. S. E. Columbus. Hull's Corners, p. o., Oswego co., 2f. Y. : 14G ni.W..N. W. Albany. Hill's Mills, p. o., Duchess co., JV! Y.: 51 m. S. Albany. HuLMEsviLLE, p. V., Bucks CO., Ptuu. : lor m. E, S. E. Harrislmrg. HiMASSViLLE, p. v., Polk CO., Mo. : 9T m. S.W. Jefferson City. Humboldt county, Ta. Situate N. W. centrally, and con- tains 576 sq. m. Drained by several head streams of Des Moines r. Unorganized in 1S50. Humboldt, v., Trinity co., Calif. : on the E. side of Hum- boldt Harbor, opposite its entrance to the Pacific ocean, and about 200 m. N. N. W. Vallejo. There is a v. called West Humboldt at the N. of the entrance to the bay. These are small and uncertain seltlementa, Humboldt harbor, OiUf. : a large bay, on the coast of California, the entrance of which is in lat. 4(|0 44' N. It was discovered in 1S50 by the gold hunters, and it is said that a considerable quantity of gold has been collected in its neigh- borliood. Some eetllements have been made on its shores. HuMBOLT>T lake, Ut-ah Ter. : a large lake in the California desert, in about lat. 40° 15' N., and long. IISO 20' W,, and the recipient of Humboldt r. It has no outlet. Humboldt mountaiNs, Vt. v., Logan co., Ohio: on Cherokie-nians cr, 49 m. W. N. W. Columbus. The Mad River and Lake Erie R. R. jiasscs through it 9S nL from Sandusky. Huntsville, p. v., an«i. m. Drained by Pinnebog and Willow rivers, flowing N., Zappopoie r., flowing E., and other small streams. Surface mostly le^ el ; soil of mod.rat.- f.-rlilily. without stone, but marshy u places. It is well timbired with b.^ech. maple, pine, and tamarack, the last two suj-plying great numbers of spars. 801 HUR HYD Lumber is the greatest export, the county being little settled. Farms IS ; manuf. ; dwell. 52, and pop. - wh. 210, fr. col. —total 210. Capital : HcTKON county. Ohio. Situate N. centrally, and contains 764 sq. ra. Drained by Huron and Vermillion rivers and their branches. Surface rolling or level ; soil very fertile and finely adapted to grain and grass. Wbeat and corn arc leading crops, and great numbers of cattle, sheep, and swine are fed. Farms 2,414 ; manuf. 25G ; dwell. 4,G19, and pop.— wb. 26,107, fr. col. 86— total 26,203. Capital : Newark. J^uhliti Works: Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R.U. ; Sandusky and Newark K. K.; Cleveland, Norwalk, and Toledo R. K, HuEON, t. and p. c, Wayne co., 3ftch. : 72 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Huron r., which afford? water-power and navigation. In the S. AV. there are swamps, but the general surface is elevated and fertile. Pop. 482. Huron, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : on the W. bank of the Mississippi, 53 m. S. E. Iowa City. Httron, t and p. v., Wayne co., N. Y. : 159 m. W. N. "W. Albany. Drained by streams falling into Lake Ontario through East, Port, and Sodus Bays, which lie in this town. Sarface level ; soil gravelly and sandy loam. The villages are Huron and Port Glasgow. Pop. of 1 1.966. ' Huron, t and p. v., Erie co., Ohio : 100 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Huron r. and other alfluenls of Lake Erie. Surface level; soil sandy alluvion. The v. is located at the mouth of Huron r., and has a good harbor. It contains numerous warehouses, stores, commission-houses, etc., and about 800 inhabitants; and is intersected by the JuncUon (Lake Shore) R. R. Pop. of t. 1,397, Huron isles, Mich. : on the S. shore of Lake Superior, E. of Kew-y-wee-non Bay. Hckon lake : one of the five great lakes of North Amer- ica. It lies between Lake Superior on the N. W., Miciiigan on the N. "W. and W., and Erie and Ontario on the S. and S. E. ; and in regard to iLs astronomical position, lies be- tween 43° 5' and 46° 15' N. lat., and between "90 SO' and S4'-^ 60' W. Ion. lis length is 260 m.— along the coast of its W. shore it is 360 m. ; and its greatest breadth is 160 ni., but exclusive of the bay on the N. E., it is only about 90 m. ; and its circumference is about 1,100 m. Its principal inden- tations are, Saganaw Bay, extending into Jlicliigan, and two others, one immediately N. of the Manitou Islands, and the other S. E. of them. The latter, called Georgian Bay, is about 170 ni. long and 70 m. broad, and is not far from one-fourth the whole size of the lake. Manitou, or Great Spirit Islands, extend from a peninsula in the S. E. part, through its N. part— and with Drummond's Island, separate another sheet of water from the main lake SO m. long and 20 m. wide. The boundary between the United States and Canada passes along the main Huron 225 ra., and between Lesser Manitou and Drummond's Island by what is called the Middle Passage, and curves round to the N. and W. 25 m. to the entrance of St. Mary's r. The elevation of tlie surface of the lake is 596 fbet above the ocean, or less than that of Lake Superior by 45 feet, or than that of Lake Michigan by 4 leet. The greatest depth toward the W. shore is at least 1.000 feet, and its mean depth 900 feet, or about 300 feet below the level of the Atlantic The largest of the Manitou Islands, called Great Manitoulin, is 90 m. long. ane county, X. Car. Situate E., and contains 309 sq. m. It has Pamlico Sound on the E. and S., and Pungo r. (or bay) on the W., and is drained by small creeks flowing into these. Surface low, level, and frequently marshy; soil moderately productive, with a heavy growth of pine. Corn is the chief croi) — lumber the export. Farms 293 ; manuf HYD ILL 6; dwell. 923, and pop.— wh. 4,79S, Ir. col. 211, si. '2,G'2r— total 7,GS6. Capital: Swan Quarter. IIyub, p. v., AVarren co., y, Y. : 5S m. N. "W. Alljany. Hyde Park, p. v., Gruudy county, lU.: 129 m. N. E. Springfield. Hyde Park, v. and sta., Queen's co., iV! Y. : on the line of ihe Long Island R. li., 17 ni. from Brooklyn. Hyde Park, t. and p. v., Duchess eo.. N. Y. : 61 ni. 8. Albany. Drained by Crum Elbow cr., and bounded W. by Hudson r. Surface uneven; soil gravelly loam and clay; on the river very fertile. The v. is situate on the E. side of Hudson r., and has commodious landings and a horse-icrry across Ihe river. It is a consid(.'ral>le place, wilh stores, mechanic shops, etc., and carries on a trade with New York City, with wbieh it is ennneetfd by the Hudson Pivcr K. K. and steamboats. Pop. of t. 2,42U. Htde Park, p. v., Luzerne co., Pcnn.: 113 m. N. E. Harrisburg. IIydk Park, v., Halifax counly, X. C. v., Morrow co., Ohio: on the lint? of ttie Cin- cinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus II. R., 60 m. N. l>y E. Columbus and b5 m. from Cleveland. Iberville parish, La. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains 239 sq. m. It lies on both sides of the Mississippi, and has Iberville and Amite rivers on itsE., and Ateliafa- laya and Grand rivers on the W. Surface level and very low ; soil very fertile on the rivers, where it is principally cultivated. Corn produces good crops, hut cotton aud su gar are the staples, of which large amounts are made and exported. Farms 219; nianuf. 10; dwell. 63S, and pop.— wh, 8,563, fr. col. 104, si. S,J>42— total 12,214. Capital. Iberville. liiKRViLLE (or Bayou Manchae), Za. : an outlet of the Mississii)pi, about 15 m. below Baton Rouge, aud uniting it with Amite r., which flows into Lake Maurci)a3. It is nav* igable for small vessels in time of flood. Iberville, p. v., and cap. Iberville par., La. : on the E. bank of the Mississippi, 'SS m. S. S. E. Baton Rouge. It contains besides the county buildings, a fine hotel, severa stores and private dwellings, and is surrounded by a tract of excellent cotton and sugar land. Ice's Ferry, p. o., Monongalia co., T7/-f/- •' 199 ni. N. W, Richmond. IciiEPucKESASS.\, p. 0., Hilleboro'co.,^/o/'. ; on Hillsboro* r., 218 m. S. E. Tallahassee. IcKESBURGH, p. V., Perry co., Peiui.: on a branch of the Susquehanna r., 29 m. N. AV. Harrisburg. Ida county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by Little Sioux r., an aflluent of the Missouri, and its brandies. Unorganized in 1S50. Ida, t. and p. o., Monroe co., Mich. : 69 m. S. E. Lansing. It has a rolling surface, a fertile soil, mostly sandy loam, and excellent pastures. The Michigan Soutberu K. li. passes through the N., and Ida sta. is 13 m. from Monroe. Pop. of t. 340. Ij-vmsville. p. v., Frederick co., Md. : on the X. side of Bush cr., G m. from Monocacy r. and 51 m. N.W. Aunaptjiis. The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. passes through the v. 54 m. from Ballimore. Ii.ciiEaTFR Mills, p. v., Howard co., J/t/. ; on S. side of Palapsco r., 24 m. N. W. Aimapolis. Tlie Baltimore and Ohio R. R. i>asses this v. 13 m. from Baltimore. There aro extensive tlouring mills at this place. Ilion, p. o., Herkimer county, X. Y. : 69 ni. Vv. N. W. Albany. THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. Illtkois lies between latitudes 37=^ 00' aud 42° 30' N., and between longitudes 87° 49' and 91° 23' "W. from Greenwich, or 10° 47' and 14° 2G' W. from Washington. It is bounded N. by Wisconsin ; N. E. by Lake Michigan ; l-^. by Indiana — Ihc Wabash River forming the boundary in half its leu:;th ; S. by the Ohio River, which separat^-s Illin(»is from Ken- tucky, and W. liy the Mississippi River, which flows between this State and the states of Wis('nnsin aud Iowa.* Tho extreme length of Illinois, on the meridian of Cairo City, is 373 miles, and its greatest breadth, which occurs on the parallel of Danville, is 212 miles ; but the average length and breadth are much less. The periphery of the Slate measures 1,160 miles, the whole of which, with the exception of 305 miles, is formed by navigable waters; and its superficial land area is estimated at 55,4i.i5 square miles. As a physical section Illinois occupies the lower part of that inclined plane of which Lake Michigan and J>oih its shores are the higher sections, and which is extended into and embraces the much greater part of In«liana. Down tliis plane, in a very nearly south-western direction, flow the Wabash and its confluents, the Kaskaskia, thi^ Illinois and its confluents, and the Rock and Wisconsin rivers. The lowest section of the plane is also tho extreme southern angle of Illinois, at the mouth of the Ohio River, about 340 feet above tide-water in the Gulf of Mexico. Though the State of Illinois does contain some low hilly sections, as a whole, it may be regarded as a gently inclining jjlane in Ihe dirt'lion of its rivers^ as already indicated. Without including minute parts, the extreme arable elevation may be safely slatcil at 800 feet above tide-water, and tho mean height at 550 feet. In some former period, observes Mr. Schoolcratl, there has been an obstmction in the channel of the Mississippi, at or near Grand Tower, producing a stagnation of the current at an elevation of about 130 feet above the present ordinary * Tlie Act of CoHRress admitting this State into tlie Union prescribes the boundaries as TuIIowb : Beginning nt the month of tlf Wabnsh Tti^er, Uience up the middle of the main channel thereof to the point where a line drawn due north of Vmcenne* last LTosses th^it .tiream, tht-nce /caon\ and the common prairie wolf ((-00; average monthly cost of labor— male, 00,000, and female, $00,000 ; animal value of products, $00,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments producing to the value of $500 and uj)ward in 1S50, was 3,099, and of tliese — were cotton factories, 16 woolen factories, 96 tanneries, and 31 iron manufactories, of which 29 made castings, 2 pig iron, and wrouglit iron. The icaoleri manufactures employ a cajjital of $154,500; and consume annually 396,904 pounds of wool ; value of all rnw material, fuel, etc.. consumed, $115,367; hands employed— males 124, and females 54; monthly cost of labor— male, $2,728, and female, $676 ; cloth manufactured, 306,995 yards, and yarn, 137,000 pounds ; value of entire products, $206,572. Tlie tujinerie-'i have a capital of $188,373; value of hides and skins used, $129,907 : male hands employed, 240; monthly cost of labor, $5,145; sides, of leather tanned, 101,650, and of skins, 21,575; value of products, $244,028. ILLINOIS. The iron manulactures, under the three separate hea-is as given in the census, are exhibited as follows— in the manu- facture 0^ pig iron the capital invested amounts to $05,000 : ore consumed, 5,500 tons, and coke and charcoal, ITO.iXlO liushels : value of all raw material, $15.500 ; hands employed. 160 ; monthly cost of labor $3,310 ; pig iron produced, 2.700 tons; value of entire products, $70,200 ; — and in the manufacture of ca.'it iron, $200,400 is invested ; material consumed —pi? iron 4.S1S tons, old metal 50 tons, mineral coal 1,412 tons, and coke and charcoal 12.500 bushels— valued in the ag- greirate at $172,330; hands employed, 332, at averaire monthly wages $2S 50; castings made, 4,160 tons; and othtr pro- duels to the value of $S9,250 ; total value of products, $441. ISo. According to the census no wi'ougiit iraii is manufac- tured in the Slate. The total capital invested in the manuliicture of iron is thus $325,400 ; the value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $187,8.30 ; the annual cost of labor, $153,2G4 ; and the value of products, $511,3S5. The manufactures, otherwise than those enumerated, consist chiefly of the various trades and mechanic arts which usually exist in agricultural States, as saw, grist, oil, flour, and other mills; wheelwright shops; affricultural implement factrU at $15,705. Of the exports only $1,232, and of the imparls $7,7S3,- were the values of goods carried in American bnttums. Tliis represents the com- merce of the collecliou district, of which Chicago is the port of entry, the ports on the Mississippi being in the district of New Orleans. The total entries were 22 (7,33S tons), of wliich 4 ifiiS tons) were foreign ; and the total clearances were 9 (2.041 tons), of which 5 (99S tons) were foreign. The shipping owned in the district of Chicago on the 30lh June, 1S30, anioimted to 21,242 tons, all " permanent register," and engaged in the coasting trade, and of this 649 tons was navi- j.aled by steam. The total number of vessels built in the rlion of comjileted railroads to superficies in this State in January, 1S53, was as 1 mile of road to every 19) square miles, and to the popula- tion as 1 mile of road to every 2,971 persons. Ji(ink:% eU: — The condition of the Slate bank of Illinois on the 1st January, 1S51, was as follows: ^.m^'/.v- debts of all kinds due, $706.890 57; real estate at cost, $747,575 05; Illinois State bonds, $17,501 54, and interest, $20,240 4S; Illinois State scrip, $14,555 20, and coujjons, $4,75u 36 ; sundry stocks, $9,674 99; due by other banks and bankers, $ls,35S 93; broken bank notes, $12,8nl ; specie, $36,666 S5; total, $1,675,554 94; and liabilities other than to stockholders— bonds of the bank outstanding, $184,000; interest on same to date, $49,560; due to other banks and individuals, $l,(i52 S9; and notes and certificates oulslauding, $218,978 01; total, $445.19!* 90. All other banks in operation at the present time, 16 or 17 in number, are organized under the Free Banking Law of the State, and the notes arc considered to be well secured, ha\ ing government bonds and stocks as their basis. Oovcrn men t—T\u^ first constitution of Illinois is dated 2('jlh August, 1S18. The constitution on which the government is based at the present time was adopted in convention 31st August, 1847, and accepted l>y the people 7lh March, 1 S48. It provides that every white male citizen, 21 years old, resident in the State foronc year, may vote for all elective offices. The legislature is termed the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate and House of Keprcsentatives; the Senate composed of 25 members, elected for four years, one-Iialf evcrj' two years ; and the Ilouse of Representatives composed of 75 members, elected for two years. Members of both houses must be cilia?ns of the United States— senators must be 30 yt-ars old, and have been resident in tJie State for 5 years; anil representatives must be 25. and have resided in the State 3 years. These numbers may be increased when the population amounts to l,000,oOO, but the number of representatives must never exceed 100. Pay of members $2 a day for 42 days, and $1 a day afterward. In forming senatorial or repre- sentative districts, the number of whit^ inhabitants is only to be regarded. The Governor is elected quadrennially by a plurality of votes. He must be 35 years old, a citi/:en of the United States and a resident of tlie Slate for the 10 years next preceding. The Governor must reside at the seat of government, and is not eligible for re-election at a consecutive term. A majority of the members elected to botli houses may nullify the Gover- nor's veto on any act of the legislature. The Lieutenant-Governor is required to have the same qualifications as the Governor ; and in case of the death or disability of the chief executive, tlie Lieutenant-Governor acts iu his stead, and he is also ev-officio President of the Senate. The judiciarj- consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and County Courts. The State is divided into three grand judicial divisions, each of which elects a judge for nine years, who must be 35 years of age, a citizen of the Imited Slates, and resident in the State five years ; and the three judges citmpose the Supreme Court, the jurisdiction of whieh-is original in cases relating to the revenue, c-ascs of mandamus and habeas corpus, and in some impeachments- iu all other cases appellate. One of the judges is elected every three years. This court holds one session in eacli division annually ; the terms are : Ist division, at Mount Vernon, on the second Monday in November ; 2d division, at Springfield, on the third Monday in December, and 3d division, at Ottawa, on the first Monday in W\ ruary. There are fifteen judicial circuits, each 307 ILLINOIS. of whicK elects a judge for six years, who must be 3i) years of age, and otherwise qualified as arc judges of the Supreme Court. Judges are not ehgible to any other office during their term, nor for one year after. Cook County has a District Ck)urt of Common Fleas. Kach county elects a judge tor four years, who holds a couuly court for the transaction of county and probate business, with limited civil and criminal jurisdiction. Among tlie provisiuns of the Co;»slitution are the foUtiwing: no State bank can be created nor revived ; acts creating banks must be submitted to the people and receive a majority of votes in their favor to become law ; stockholders are individually liable to the amount of their shares; corporations not for banking purposes maybe established under general laws; slavery and lotteries are prohibited ; duelling is a disqualitlcaliuu for ofiiee ; colored persons, free or slave, are not i)erniitted to come into the State. To aller the Constitution, the amendments must be passed by a two-thirds vote of the whole number of members elected to both houses, published and referred to the next legislature, and if passed again by a majority, then Ibey must be submitted to the pv'oi>le, whose approval by a majority vote makes them law. The calling of a convention to aniend the Constitution, if recommended by a two-thirds vole of the legislature, is submitted to the people, and if a majority of votes are in its favor, the convention shall be called by the succeeding legislature. Amendments can be proposed to but one article of the Constitution at one session. The mUitia of Illinois, according tc) the Army Kegistcr for ISol, consists of 170,359 men of all arms, of which 4.61S are commissioned officers, and 165,741 non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 30 are general officers, 99 general staff officers, 1,297 field officers, and 3.192 company officers. The principal State henevolent imtitution is the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Springfield. This institution was opened in January, 1S46. The number of pupils in January, 1S49, was 60, of whom 20 were females; and 10 were from Missouri and 1 from Iowa— the remainder from Illinois. The annual session commences the first Thursday in October. J'iiuinccs, Public Debt, etc. — The receipts into tiie treasury for the two years ending 30lh Kovember, 1S50, were $402,179 27, of which $394,103 53 was derived from taxes, and $S,075 74 from all other sources ; and the expenditures for the same period amounted to $336,126 27, of which $.137,196 16 was ordinary expenses of the government, $78,436 90 special appropriations and expenditures, $4,61S 9S interest on funds due deaf and dumb asylum, $105,69S OS issued to school commissioners, and $176 Ip interest paid on old warrants. Jhe receipts for the two years exceeded the disburse- ments $76,06^3. The amount of Interest fund tax received for the same period was $290,326 S9, and the amount of interest paid was $203,034 50. The whole amount of real and personal estate sulyect to taxation in 1S49 was $105,432,752, upon which the State tax was $612,428, but which netted only $578,763 31. In 1350 the value of taxable property amount- ed to $114,7^2,645 (true or estimated valuation according to the census $150,595,006). The aggregate of the public debt on the 1st January, 1^51, was $16,027,609 91 ; of this $8,784,431 48 was state debt proper, and $7,843,023 43 the canal debt These two debts are explained as follows : STATE DEBT. Principal debt ffinded under act of 1547 $5,590,565 36 Interest on same to same date 1,020,273 18 Arrears of interest funded 1,945,435 27 Unfunded internal improvement bonds $180,000 00 Other kinds of indebtedness l-W.OSO 00 Interest on last two amounts 173,261 40 "Wiggins loan, princ'l and interest 142.000 00 Liquidation bonds 150,000 UO 789,041 40 $9,S46,2T0 21 From which deduct interest paid from mill and a half tax, bonds surrendered, and sale of lands, etc. 501,788 73 CANAL DEBT. Principal debt, exclusive Of $1,600,000 loan.. $7,079,117 OS Balance due on canal loan of $1,000,000 I,u33,000 00 $3,112,117 08 From which deduct: Interest paid from mill and a half tax $255,818 51 Bonds and scrip redeemed and interest 13,270 14 269,033 65 Total canal debt $7,843,028 48 AGGREGATE nECT. State debt proper $3,784,481 43 Canal debt 7,343,028 43 $3,734,481 43 Total debt $16,027,509 91 Federal Hepre^entation.—JlWno'is, in accordance with the law regulating the distribution of members to the United States House of Keprescntatives, occupies nine seats in that body. £:dttcatkm.—l\\'mois has large funds devoted to school i)urposes. On the 29th December, 1S5D, the permaneat funds applicable to the support of common schools amouuted to $790,120 66 ; and the university fund amounted to $90,839 53, and the seminary fund to $58,788 72— together making a total of $939,793 96. The whole of this sum has been borrowed by the State, which pays six per cent, interest on the amount. The interest on the common school fund is $47,407 23, which i^ divided among the several counties in j)roportion to the number of white children under 21 years of age. In 66 W)unlie3 that made returns for the year 1850, there were 2,041 organized districts and school-houses, of which 1,370 were log- housed, 925 frame, 139 brick, and 37 stone, and of the whole number 106 contained more than one room. There were school libraries in 103 districts. The total amount of public moneys paid out for teachers' wages during the year was $148,371 09; amount, other than public moneys, $81,341 20 — total cost of teaching, exclusive of buildings, repaii-s, etc., $230,712 29. The principal colleges in the State are, Illinois College, at Jacksonville, founded in 1829, and in 1850 it had 7 professors, 93 alumni, 34 students, and a library of 3,000 volumes ; Shurtletf College, at Upper Alton (Baptist), founded in 1835, and in 1850 it had 6 professors, S alumni, and 13 students, with a library of 1,600 volumes ; M'Kendrce College, at Lebanon (Methodist), founded in 1835, and in 1550 it had 4 i)rofessors, S3 alumni, 57 students, and a library of 1,700 volumes ; Ivnox College, at Galesburg, founded in 1337, and in 1350 it had 5 professors,. 16 alumni, 58 students, and a library of 3.000 volumes. Shurtleff College has connected with it a theological seminary ; and at Chicago is located the Eush Medical School, founded 1842, and in 1350 it had G professors, 70 students, and 16 graduates. Puhlic Libraries.— One State Library of 4,000 volumes, 2 social libraries of 2.821 volumes, 4 college libraries of S,120 volumes, 2 student's libraries of 625 volumes, 2 academic libraries of 2,000 volumes, and 16 public school libraries of 2,850 volumes — total 27 libraries, and 19,916 volumes. Periodical Press, etc. — The whole number of newspapers and other periodicals published within the State ts 119, of which 73 are politicid, viz. : 39 whig and 36 democratic, and 4=5 are devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. ; and 10 are published daily, 4 tri-wcckly, 94 weekly, and 11 at other periods. The daily papers have an aggregate average 803 ILL ILL ■ , ,■ „ ,f Q «l ^«niP, the iri-weeklv of 1,050 copies, ti.e weekly of 69,472 copies, mA lliose rublislie.l at olher period r/fc^nopie; 0? >l\:'e";n-en pertoI-L publiied 'at other periods, as above, 2 are se.i-montb.ies, V .or,tb,ie3, 1 ''"^*,« ^:i;:,S;LSheS:tS'::f t^e sev,ra. r^^ious aencinations in 1S30 are e.i.ibitea in U.e .„.owi„, table : Denomina- No. ol Clmrrti Cl>. Baptist Cbrislian... Congretral'l. Dutch lief. . Episcopal . . Free Friends 6 . .205 . . 87 . . 46 . . 2 , . 27 . . 2 Cl.'ir.h 91,620 30,7.i4 15,576 S75 14,ni]0 750 1,550 Value of Fn»[>crly. . $2ll4,nU5 . 42.1150 . 89,250 2,700 . 7S.S50 6.400 2,«0 Chi German Eef. 2 Jewisli — Lutheran . Mennouite MeduKlist Mfjravian. rrcsbylerian.lOS . 40 . .3S9 . . 2 . IM) . 10,440 . 176,474 . 400 . Sl,62l Value of Property JSIO 40,120 , 827.290 350 895,130 Penoioina- No. of Cliorcli Value of turns. Cliurrlies. arrom. Property. U. Catlinlic.. 5S .. 29,000 . 51220,400 Swedenbor'n. 1 . 140 . 800 Tunker 4 . 1,225 . . 2,250 Union 31 . 8,s75 . . 82,050 Unitarian ... G . 1,600 . 9,000 Universalist . 4 . 1,300 . . 11,500 Min(»r Secta. . 17 . 6,S90 . . 11,050 nrkin. a to,;, of'uiGv'eltur^c, having accotnmodation for C36,47S persons, and valued at $1,476,335. The State con- slilute3"lhe I'rotcMant Episcopal diocese of Illinois and the Itoman Catholic diocese of Clncago. r,^,', v-™ -T e whole n untber of p.tupers who reccive.l support within the year eutltng June 1st, ISoO, w,as 97, of J^ 'nXrm^n. nalive born and 4U foreign; and at the date specified the number of pauper., on the l,st was and England extended, disputes arose respecting the boundaries, '''"'^^.'^^^''"'''^'^''{^^^^^^ themselvea by anticip.ati„g a struggle lor the preservation of the.r Antcr,™,, l'*---'™»;, f^" ^^ „f1he Valley of the Mississippi, to forliflcalions on the lakes, on the Ohio, the Wabash, and '"""'f- "■^•^ '" " ''^, „''; "hTluZ neighboring streams which they Utid claim. The British, on the other hand claune.l '"« » ""^ ™ , „^., ,1"^ „n„, producetl hostilities by virtue of the charters they had granted. The ".'^;° C™>P■'^5^ -1.' ^ «. ™ between the two nations. At the close of the war, wh.ch gave to Bnlain the ' "™^^ "' ^ ■" ,,ependencv, nothing Claim to the Illinois country was also Cded to Great Bn.a.n Dunng ..s ™' ^ ! ^ ^^„^,f ' tt'kia and" Ihe othe? of itnporlance seems to have occurred. Few or no add>l...ns were " f^^^ '^^'"Xn above the Indians. At the peace French ports, the inhabitants of which were but little ren.oved „i scale of ""''^'^ '™ f ";^ '''q, "' ^1;^ ^.^, Maimed was made to the General Government, and by the '>"'l^^"'^l°'lll,'^^^^^^^ Union as a State, while the whole region. Ohio was made a separate territory in 1 , 99, and in ISO- w as => ""' ""° . ^.^^ ,,5,, remainder of the territory retained its territorial attributes uii, er the natn ^l^ -' '^ ^/^^^^^ ."' ^l^j;,^,, ,d„i„ed Si-mNGFiaD is the political capital of the State, and has been such since 1840. Kaskasku ana vanu cessively the metropolitan cities. Illinois Citt, p. v., Eock Island CO., II!. : 2 m. from the Mississippi r. ; 124 m. N. N. AV. Springlleld. Illinois river, Ind. Ter. ; an affluent of the Arkansas. It rises in Benton and Wasliington counties. Ark., and after receiving several tributaries in its course, falls into Arkansas r.,aliour4 m. above tlie confluence of Caiitulian r. Along its lower conrse there are numerous salt springs. Illinois river, III.: one of the largest affluents of the Mis.iisfiippi r. It is formed by the union of Des Plaines and Kankakee rivers, which come together at Kankakee village. The Dm Plaines rises in Wisconsin, a few miles above the boundary of Illinois, and about 6 m. from Lake Michigan. It nins a S. course over a bed of limestone, and through a fertile country. Groves of timber are found on its banks and are interspersed through the vast praine region. In many places .along it, banks rock is .abundant, and m some measure compensates the comparative scarcity of t nil-^ for buildings and fences. This r. is f'")"™'";"'',:^"" ^''"f names or OTIane. The Kankakee rises in the N. p. rt of Indiana, near the S. bend of SU Josephs ■••. ^"'^ ™ » westerly course into Illinois, where ■' 7«'™'. *t. ^ ^ 35 and forms a Junction with the D™ ri-«s -n sect on 35 township 34 N., and range S E. from the third p inupal meridiak Uere is a large body of fine "mber. 1 ut along ILL the river itself llicre is vcrj- little. It is a rapiJ stream, Had runs Ihroufrh a limestone bed. (,Stv Kankakee r.) The Illinois, formed hy these two main constituents, is Ihe largest navigable river within the State. From the junction it runs nearly a W. course for part of the distance over the Grand Rapids to Oltowa. at the mouth of Fox r., receiving Au Sable from the N. and Little cr., or Mazon, from the S. Along lliJs line, and especially at Marseilles, there is im- mense water-power, but no convenient navigation. The canal runs on the N. side, parallel with its bank. At Ottawa the r. is deep, and there is a convenient basin harbor for large steamboats, which ascend to this point in a high stage of the waters. The Lower Eapids, at a low stage of water, however, interrupt navigation between Ottowa and La Salle, where the Illinois and Michigan Canal terminates. The junction of the canal with the r., where have been con- structed commodious basins for both canal and steamboats, and it being the crossing place of the Central K. K., makes La Salle a business place of pre-eminent importance to the State. A short distance above, the Illinois receives Vermil- lion r. from the S., and Litlle Vermillion from the N., and about 6 m. aljove Hennepin it curves to the S., and then to the S. W., receiving Bureau and several smaller streams, and then expands into the beautiful sheet of water known as Peoria Lake. Three miles below Fcoria the Illinois receives the Kickapoo cr. from the N., and the same dis- tance below Pekin comes in Mackinaw from the W. Cop- peras cr. enters from the E. part of Fulton ci)., where for many miles the TV. bank of the r. below the bluffs is a low, swampy region, interspersed wilh strips of land elevated above high water, the most conspicuous of which is Bailey's Island, or Liverpool, handsomely situated above the highest flood. Near Havanna, on the E. side, is a lagoon or slough, which in former times was frequently mistaken for the main stream, and directly opposite that village Spoon r. conies in from the N. E. Pursuing the course of the r. downward the mouth of Otter cr., from the W., is passed, and one or two other trifling streams, and at the N. W. corner of Cass 00. the Sangamon r. flows in. Sugar cr. comes in It-om tlie W., near the bluflii of which is located Schuyler City. Six miles below Beardstown, Crook cr. enters from the W., and a few miles farther down, Indian cr., which loses itself in the inundated bottoms belbre its waters enter the Illinois. M'Kee's cr., from the W., enters the Illinois 2 ni. below Naples, and 2 m. below that, from the E., the Mauvaise Terre. Passing Big and Litde Blue rivers, two maguiflcent streams from the W., the Sandy, from the S. W. part of Scott CO., enters the r. Macoupin cr.. Otter, Paccoon, and other creeks, enter the r. farther down. At Naples the Illinois turns to a more southerly course, which it pursues tUl within 6 m. of the Mississippi, where it bends to the S. E., and finally to an E. course, where its waters unite with that river behind a cluster of islands. The parting of the chan- nels of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers for steamboat navigation is at Grafton, 2 m. below its mouth. Imlavstown, p. v., Monmouth CO., X. Jer. iMOErENDENCE county. Ark. Situate N. E. centrally, and contains 1,007 sq. m. Big Black r. bounds it on the E., and ■White r. flows through from W. to E., and their aHluents drain it. Surface mostly rolling, and soil highly productive. IND Cotton and tobacco are grown, but it is best adapted to grain and grass, which yield finely, and feed many cattle and hogs. On the rivers are the best of ash and cypress forests. Farms 094; manuf. 10: dwell. 1,159, and poi>— wh. 6,927, fr. col. 12, si. 823— total 7,707. Cupitnl: Batcs- ville. Independence, p. v., "Warren co., Ltd. : on the "W. side of Wabash r., 03 m. N. W. Indianapolis. A plank-road runs hence to Oxford, Benton co. Independence, p. o., Grayson CO., Mrg. : 217 m.W. S. W Richmond. Independence, p. v., and cap. Kenton CO., Ki/. : 51 m. N. N. E. FrankforL It contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and about 30 dweUings. It is 10 m. from Covington. Pop. 250. Independence, p. v., and cap. .Jackson co.. Mo. : about 4 m. S. of Missouri r., and 129 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. It has a court-house, jaU, etc., several extensive stores, and about SOO inhabitants. There are two newsp-apers published here, the " Missouri Commonweallh," issued semi-weekly, and " Occidental Messenger," weekly. This is a great ren- dezvous of overland emigration to the Pacific, and a point through which the Pacific E. R. wiU be carried. IB busi- ness, which is immense, is chiefly connected wilh emigra- tion, and here many of the emigrants obtain the bulk of their supplies. It has also some Indian trade. Independence, t and p. v., Alleghany CO., 2f. Y. : 208 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Independence and Cryder's creeks, heads of Genesee river. Surface elcTated and rolling; soil clayey loam, and superior for grass-growing. A farming t., which makes some woolen goods. In the T. are several stores and mills. Pop. of 1. 1,701. Independence, t. and p. c, Cuyahoga co., Ohio : 117 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by the Cuyahoga and ils branches. Surface diversified ; soUs rich and fertile. The Ohio Canal passes through the v., about 9 m. S. Cleveland. Pop. 1,4S5. Independence, sta., Richland Co., OMo: on the San- dusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. E., 76 m. from Sandusky, and 41 from Newark. INDKPENDENCE, p. V., -Washington CO., Peim. : 173 m. W . Ilarrisburg. Independence, p. o., Autauga county, Ala. : 23 m. N.W. Montgomery. Independence, p. v., Washington co., Tex.: about S m. W. of Brazos r., 81 m. E. Austin City. It has a high situa- tion in La Bahia .prairie, 10 m. £rom 'Washinglun, with extensive be™S » "^A .Ho by » ^r -n nlo„. U.. m.d.ll. of «,. W,l,„l. :::;r;^:r;:!::;::!:^r:r';;::;::::::'i.i;Lo, „. ™. ... »=., ... a„»„ o.™..,. » ,.,. t» ^... ».«., .f «. .o„t.«. „lr.m. of l.ale Michig.n : ™ tUe „.«;. b, tb. S.,J .a,t :.«d "e.t line," '''.. to begmn.ns. 310 INDIANA. 242 miles, and its average breadth not more than 153 miles; and within these limits the area of its superficies is 33,S09 square miles. The general features of Indiana are those which pertain to all countries where mountain, In the strict sense of the word, is wanting; fur if wc except the river-liills nnd the accumulations of sand on the southern shore of Lake Michigan, no portion of tJie couutry has any continuous or (Jefinite elevation which even a florid imagination coidd dignify by such a term, and all of mountain that really appears is a few isolated *• knobs," wliich serve only to diversify the scenery. Nearly twtKthirds of the State is level, or at most, undulating, and a most singular feature of the country is the absence of any watershed or dividing ridge, such as almost every goograpliical region presents, froui which the waters flow in diJfcrent directions ; still, Iiowever, the couutry has continuous slopes of great extent, and the difference in elevation of the higlieet land and the Ohio River at the Falls is nearly 600 feet, an«l a considerable diflTerence is observed (about 70 feet) between the levels on the Ohio, at the Falls, and at the mouth of the Wabash, the latter being the lowest. The river-hills, of which previous mention has been made, extend at various distances from, and parallel to, the courses of the Ohio and other streams, and inclose what arc termed the bottom-lands, which are cliicfly eovereered, except in the western parts, where there are some prairies and barrens, and ranges of low rugged hills. The whole valley is destitute of rock, and tlie soils are of the richest kind, with little that is unprotilable. Most of the streams are clear anower. The Ohio, the final reservoir of the principal water- courses of the State, borders the whole couiitry on the south, from the mouth of the Miami to that of the Wabash, a distance, by the river's course, of 3S0 miles. Between these two jtoints few streams of any volume empty into it, and none exceed 30 or 40 yards in width at their mouths. Laughery, Indian Kentucky, Silver, Indian, Blue, Anderson, Bit; Pigeon, Little Pigeon, etc., are the principal. The White Water joins the Miami six miles at>ove its entrance into the Ohio. The Wabash, which rises in Ohio, runs first north, then north-west, then west, then soutli-west, then south, and again south- west, making the whole distance to its junction with the Ohio, upward of liOO miles, of which more than one half is navigable. Its principal tributaries are : from the south and east, the Salamonie, Mississinewa, Wild Oat, Sugar or liock, Kaccoon, White, and Patoka rivers; and from the west and north, Little Wabash and Embarras rivers in Illinois, Vermillion in both States, and in Indiana altogether, Tippecanoe, Eel, and Little rivers. White Kiver, the most important of these, empties into the Wabash, 100 mites above its mouth; the West Fork, its longest branch, rises in Randolph County, near the Ohio line, and rims in a south-west direction, receiving in its course Eel Elver, Fall Creek, etc. ; and the East Fork, the principal tributaries of which are Salt Creek, the Muscatatuek, Sand Creek, Clifty, Flat Rock, and Sugar creeks, rises in liipley County, and has a western course to its junction with the West Fork — the two form- ing White River proper — about fifty miles from its entrance into the Wabash. The St. Joseph's and St. Mary's form the Maumce, which passes to Ohio and Lake Erie. Another St. Joseph's and its tributaries, the Elkhart, etc., pass through the northern tier of counties, ami ultimately fall into Lake Michigan. The Kankakee, the principal branch of the Illinois Kivcr, rises near South Bend, and runs sluLj^'ishly through tlie north-western counties for 100 miles, and in its course recciv es Yi-Uow liiver, a stream about 50 miles long ; extensive nmrshes everywhere bound its course. Deep and Calumic rivers lie near and south of Lake Michigan, and in some places are only separated from it by banks of sand. The Iroquois or Pickamink rises south of the Kankakee, and runs nearly parallel to it for 50 miles, and joins it in Illinois. Besides Lake Michigan, on the northern border, there are numerous other hut small lakes in different parts of the Slate, principally to the north of the Wabash Uiver. Several of them have no outlets ; they are generally clear, howeven and have sandy shores an' by analysis so soon as I can get samples 812 INDIANA. of all the various soils. As yol. my opinion ha? been fDrmcl cluL-tly Ir-'m oculjir (>l)servation, and reasoninjj from gen- eral principles. The waler in Ihe norlli-westcrn counties is stronj^ly iniprL'gnated witli carbonic acid ; Ihis, acting as a solvent upon limestone and the protoxide of iron, dissolves them whenever it mceLs tliem in its passage to the surface. And thus we find these waters, often highly charged with tliesc two iiigredienlj, forming calcareous and chalybeate springs. As they lose very soon, by exposure to llie air, the excess of carlKinic acid, wliicli acts as a solvent of these ingredients— and as iron is brought also by the same exposure to air to a higher degree of oxidation, and therefore to a more insoluble form— these two causes acting tof;cther, soon produce deposits of calcareous tufas and bog-iron ore, so frequently found in that country. The quantily of bog-iron ore is tliercfore continually on the increase. The greater part of Indiitna nmst have been, at some period of the earth's history, covered by an ocean, for most of the fijssils in the limestones are of a marine origin. None of the precious metals will ever be found in Indiana, imless in minute portions in boulders, or in small quantities in combination with other melab, because the primitive and grauwaei.e formations, in which alone prtMluctive mines of gold and silver ore occur, do notoxist in Indiana. It is true lliat, in aome rave instances, silver is found as a sulphuret and as red silver ore in such formations as exist in the Western country; but I liavc seen no symptoms of any such in our State. The same may be saitl of bismuth, tin ore, an*! native arsenic. The only metals which we need look for are iron, lead, antimony, manganese, zinc, cobalt, and possil;ly some varieties of copper and arst-nie ores. It is not likely that anthracite coal will ever be found in Indiana, because that mineral is usually found in the primitive and grauwacke formations. Several detached pieces of native copper have been found in tlie Jitate, one weighing five poumls; but, from the nature of the ore, its occurring in washed gravels, and only in isolated jdeces, I have reason to believe that they do not originate in the State. I may add, that the Kupferschiefer of the German miners >ields, at the mines of Mansfield, in Thuringia, an abundant supply of C()iiper ore. This copper slate, as found at the bottom of (he new red samlstone ftjrmation, which overlies the bituminous coal formation, and copper ores, have been foimd in the carboniferous and mountain limestone ; there is, therefore, a possibility of discovering workable eo])i)er ore in the formati', nudberry, crab-apple, etc. These are found intermingling with forest trees, or bordering the prairies anti barrens. Cranlierries aro abundant in the north, and wiM grapes, blackberries, gooseberries, anitals of each in 1850 were as follows : lit. fcstiib. • 11.. Decatur Fort Way no Counties, Dwell. Pop. Adams 1,002.. 5,797.. 57-1 Allen 3,097. .lt>,910. .1,300 Bartholomew .2,14i>..12,4-:;6..1,iM9 Benton 180., Blackford 514. Boone 1,914. Brown 790. Carroll 1.909. Cass I,8fi3. Clark 2,757. Clay 1.32t). Clinton 2,001. Crawford 1,027. Daviess l.c^OS. Dearborn 3,549. 1,144. 2,8G0. 11,631. 4,84(1. 149 , 306.. ,1.393 , 535 11,015.. 1.129. 11,021.. 1,134. 15 828. 7,944. 11,869. , 6,524. 10,352. 20,166. 1,048. , 829. 1,411. , 540. 1221. 1.520. Decatur. 2.662. .15,107.. 1,377. DeKalb 1,421. Delaware 1,874. Dubois 1,146, Elkhart 2,2.>i. Fayette 1,818. Floyd 2,448. 8,251. 10,843. , 6,321. ,12,690. .10.217. .14,87.->. 831. 1,084. , 794. ,1.226. . 956. . Columbus . O.xford . Hartford .Lebanon 5. .Nashville 79.. Del phi 108..Logansport 88..Charlestown 10.. Bowling Green 21.. Frankfort 33..Levenwofth 11. .Washington 72 . . Lawren ceburg 39. .Greensburg 16. .Auburn 34. .Muucietown 9.. Jasper 70. .Goshen 116. .Coimersville 428.. 106.. New Albany CcHiiities, Fountain . Franklin. , Fulton ... Gibson . . , litah. ..2,'1j1.. 13,233.. 1,307.. 103.. Covington .3,286.. 17,968.. 1,739.. 131.. Bi-ookville ,.1,085.. 5,982.. 777.. 13. .Rochester .1,833.. 10,771. .1,220.. 23. .Princeton Grant 1,884. .11,092.. 900.. 52. .Marion Greene 2,089. . 12,313 . . 1,227 Hamilton 2,159. .12,684. .1,261 Haucocll 1,685.. 9,698 Harrison 9,645 .. 1.5,286 Hendriclis 2,390. .14,083 Henry 3,064 .. 17,605 Howard 1,190. Huntington ...1,3.56. Jackson 1,9.56 1,176 1,6.50 1,444 1,666 6,6.57.. 746, 7,8.50.. 782.. 32. 11,047.. 1,173.. 18, 26. Jasper .. Jay Jetferson Jennings 2.064 Johnson 2,067 Knox 1,969 Kosciusko . . ..1,783, La Grange 1,479. 592.. 3,.540. 1,179. 4,092. 343.. 7.(M7.. 876.. 23,916.. 1,396. 18,096.. 1,208. 12,101.. 1,153. .11.084. .10,243. . 8,387. , 961. 1,127. 1.062. Q2' . 39..Bkiomlicld . 16. .Noblesvillo . 36.. Greenfield . 19..Coryd()U .110. .Danville 124. .Newcastle Kokomo Huntington .Hrownstown , Rensselaer , Portland Madison Vernon Franklin Vincennes Warsaw La Grange 818 9. 138. 78. 25. 37., 21.. 64.. INDIANA. CoUDtieB. Dwelt. Lnke 715. I.al'orle i,lii. Lawn^nce 2,01^. Madison li,159. MHiion 3,1184. Miiliihnll 928. Martin 1,025. Miami 1,944. Monroe 1,892, Montgomery. .2,971. Morgan 2,4U1. Nolile 1,393. Oliio 946. Orange 1,841. Owen 2,000. Parke 2,4fi8. Perry 1,231. Pike 1,261. Porter 885. Posey 2,260. Pulaski 454. Putnam 3,088. Bandolph 2,513. Ripley 2,667. Pop. . 3,991. 12,145, 12,097. .12,373. .24,013. . 5,348. . .5,941. .11,304. .11,286. 18,084. .14,,W6. . 7,946. . 5,308. .10,809. .12,106. .14,968. . 7,268. . 7,720. . 5,234. .12,549. . 2,595. .18,613. .14,735. .14,820. Farms Manf. in cult. EsUb. 423. . 5.. 1,116. .122. 1,031. . 19. 1,494. . 87. 1,581. .179.. . 570. . 10. 633. . 18.. 1,184. . 48. 1,230. . 46.. 1,880. . 87.. 1,392. . 14. . 772. . 16. . 386. . 34. 1,118. . 8. 1,142. . 26.. 1,390. 63.. 540. . 14.. 909. o 467. 13.. 1,270. 26.. 286. . 0. 1.696. 42.. 1,477. 12.. 1,493. . 49.. Capitals. .Crown Point .La Porte . Bedibrd .Anderson .Indianapolis .Plymouth . Dover HlH .Peru .liloomington .Crawi'ordsville .Martinsville .Albion .Rising Sun .Paoli .Spencer .Rockville .Rome .Petersburg . Valparaiso .Mount Vemou .Winnnmac .Green Castle .Winchester . Versailles Counties. Dwelt. Rush 2,824. Scott 1,040. Shelby 2,721. Spencer 1,485.. Stark 100. , Steuben 1,109., St. Joseph 1,885. Sullivan 1.673. Switzerland . .2,254. , Tippecanoe .. .3,227. , Tipton 627. Union 1,220.. Vanderburgh .2,059. . Vermillion.... 1,,509., Vigo 2,643. Wabash 2,079. Warren 1,273. \"arrick 1,513. Washington . .2,897. Wayne 4,315. Wells 1,021.. White 821.. Whitley 913.. Pop. 16,443. 5,885. ,15,502. 8,616. 537. 6,104. 10,954. 10,141. 12,932. 19,377. 3,532. 6,944. 11,414. 8,061. 15,289. 12,138. 7,387. . 8,811. 17,040. 25,320. 6,152. , 4,761. 5,190.. Farrrs Manf. o^^j,,.. in cult. 1,809. 719. ,1,620. 988. 53. 586. 847. 1,215. 1,270. 1,377. 339. 606. 743. 733. 1,113. 1,068 782. , 994 1,718. 1,934. 640. 458. 522. . 59..RushviUe . 14. .Lexington . 59..Shelbyvill8 . S8..Rockport . O..Knox . 28.. Angola . 45.. South Bend . 31.. Sullivan . 79..Vevay .204.. Lafayette . 1.. Tipton . 35.. Liberty . 76..Evansville . 46.. Newport .130..TerreUauto . 57.. Wabash . 18.. Williamsport Ii3..Boonevine . 83.. Salem .213..Centrevill8 . 14..Bluft'ton . 10. .Monticello . 8. .Columbia The whole number of dwellini^s in the State was, at the above date, 170,17S ; of families 171,564, and of inhabitants 9SS,416, viz. : whiles 9rT,Cti6— males 506,400, and females 411,205 ; free col. 10,7SS— in.ales 5,-lT2, and fcin.alcs 5,316. Of the whi)lc population, there were deaf and dumb — wh. 514, fr, col. 4 — total 513; hliml — wh, 340, fr, col. 9 — total 349; insajie — wh, 569, fr. col. 10 — total 579 ; and idiotic — wh. 906, fr. col. l.S — total 919. The number of free persons born in the United States was 931^92, the number of foreigin birth 54,426, and of birth unknown 2,598 ; the native population originated as follows : Maine 976, N. Ilamp. SS6, Verm. 3,1S3, Mass. 2,67S, P.. I. 43S, Conn. 2,4*5, N. York 24,310, N. Jer. 7,*i7, Penn. 44,245, Del. 2,737, Md. 10,177, Dist. of Col. 227, Virg. 41,819, N. Car. 83,175, S. Car. 4,009, Git. "01, Flor. 21, Ala. .395, Mis.s. 2S7, La. 821, Tex. 44, Ark. 161, Tcnn. 12,784, Ky. 68,631, Ohio 120,193, Mich. 1,817, Indiana 541,079, 111. 4,173, Mo. 1,006, la. 407, Wise. 99, Calif. 0, Territories II ; and Ihe foreign population was composed of persons from — England S.o.'iO, Ire- land 12.7S7, Scotland 1,341, Wales 169, Germany 28,584, France 2,279, Spain 3, Portugal 6, Belgium 86, Uolland Vi, Italy C. .\ustria 17, Switzerland 724, Russia 6, Denmark 10, Norway IS, Sweden 16, Prussia 740, Asia 4, Africa 4, Brit. America 1,S7S, Me.vico 31, Cent. America 0, S. America 4, "West Indies 12, and other countries lOS. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first cetisus of the State taken by the United States authorities : Colored Persons. Decennial Increase. , ■ , Total , — • , Census Wl.ite Years. Tersinis. 1800 4,577 1810 23.S90 1820 145,758 1830 8.39,399 1.S40 1S50 977,605 1,2.30 8,629 . .... 673,698 7,165 . . 10,811 . , 136 . . 237 . 190 . Total. Popnlnlton. 298 4,875.. 630 24,520 . . 1,420 147,178 .. 8,632 843,031 . . 7,163 683,366 . ol. Per cenL . 19,645 402.9 . 122,633 500.3 . 19.5,353 183.1 . 342,335 99.9 10,311 938,416 .... 802,550 44.1 The statistical returns of the industry and wealth of Indiana, as furnished by the census of 1350, and other official documents referring to that period, are as follows: Occupied Zandu, ffc.— Improved lands 5,046,r>13 acres, and unimproved lands 7,740.379 acres— valued in cash at $186,385,178. Number of farms under cultivation 93,396. Value of farming implements and machinery $6,704,444. Liiv-Slm-k.—UoTses, S14,2;i9 ; jisses and mules, 6,599 ; milch cows, 234,554 ; working o.xen, 40,221 ; other cattle 339,891 ; sheep, 1,122,493; swine, 2,263,776— total value of live-stock, $22,473,535. In 1340 there were in the Slate ^1,036 horses, mules, etc., 619,980 neat cattle of all descriptions, 675,932 sheep, 1,623,606 swine, etc. ffndn Crops.— Wbtat, 6,214,453 bu.shels ; rye, 73,792 bushels ; Indian corn, 52,964,363 bushels ; o.ats, 5,655,014 bushels ; b.arley, 45,433 bushels : buckwheat, 149,740 bushels. The crops of 13.39-40 were— wheat, 4,049,375 bushels ; barley, 28,015 bushels; oats, 5,931,605 bushels; rjo, 129,621 bushels; buckwheat, 49,019 bushels, apd Indian corn, 23,155,337 bushels. Oth/^r Crops. — Tobacco, 1,044,620 pounds : ginned cotton, 14 bales of 400 pounds each ; peas and beans, 85,773 bushels ; potatoes— Irish, 2,0S3,.337, and sweet, 201,711 bushels; hay, 403,230 tons; clover-seed, 18,829 bushels; other grass-seed, 11.951 bushels; hops, 92,796 pounds: hemp— dew-rotted, 841, and .water-rotted, 1,071 tons; flax, .534,469 pounds ; flax- seed, 86,833 bushels; maple sugar, 2.921,642 pounds; molasses, 130,325 gallons; wine, 14,0.')5 gallons, etc. The value of orchard i>roducls w.a8 $824,940, and of market-garden products $72,864, In comparing the principal crops of 1810 and 1350, the following results are shown : staples. I8J0. Tobacco 1,820,306 pounds , Hemp — dew-rotted j t " — w:iter-rotted [. 8,005} tons < Flax ) (, Wme 10,265 gallons 314 Ifl.'iO. . 1,(44,623 ponnils deer. .341 tons V 1,071 tons I . 534469 poe.nds ) 14,035 gallons MoTemenL 775,636 pounds, or 42.61 per cent. deer. 15,.')2S,971 pounds, or 80.66 incr. 8,790 g.allons, or 86.92 INDIANA. Products of Animals.— yfoo\^ 2,610,2S7 (in 1S40, 1,237,919) pounds; butler. 12,SS1.535 pounds, and oheesL', 624,554 pounds; and the value of animals slaugbteretl in the year had beeu $6.5(i7,9:J5. Silk cocoons were product-d to Iho anifnint of 3S7 (in 1S40, 379) pounds ; and beeswax and honey to thai of 935,329 pounds, Jfinnc-made Jlanu/tutures for the year ending 3()th June, ISoO, were produwd to the value of $1,631,039. Jf'ini/factures—Ag^regalQ capital invested, $7,235,220; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $6,229,113; average number of hands employed, 27,312 — males, 24,137, and females, 3.205; averaj;e monthly cost of labor, $600,000 — male, $520,000, and female, $SO.O0O— total value of products for the year, $19,19D,fWl. The whole number of niaimfacturins: establislunents in the Slate in 1S50, produeinc; to the value of $5i)0 and upward, was 4.326. and of these 2 were entluu factories, 83 woolen factories, 35S tanneries, and 19 iron manufactories, viz. : 14 for eastings, 2 for pig iron, and 3 for wri'Ui;Ii[ iron. TIh' fotton manufactures employ a capital of $43,000 ; Ihe cotton consumed during the year ending lat June, 1S50, was G75 bales; and the value of all raw material, fuel, ettr., was $2S,220; average hands — males. 3S, and females. 57 ; monthly cojst v\' labor—male. $495, and female, $3SG; entire value of products, among which were 300,0(10 pounds yarn, $-14,200, The tcoiilen manufactures had a capital of ^ni,.^^^, woo! consumen-H. Wrought Iron, Total. Ciipital invested dollars.... 72,000 82,900 17,000 171.900 Iron ore tons 5,200 — 3,150 8,350 I'ig iron " — 1,96S Old nielal " — 5 Coal, mineral " — 132 C'<4xe and ebarr» 5 132 S5,000 4,423 421.i;09 !I5,74;5 2iV? 2 3 004 S 175 6,575 8 .S,7S2 11,700 219,100 '* — female *• ... — — Slonthly cost of labor— male dollars. . . . 2.290 3.6S1 " " — female " .... — — Iron made tons 1,S50 1.757 A'alue of entire products dollars. . . . 5S,000 149,430 linliana lias also a large number of flour, grist, oil, saw, and other mills, asberies, etc., and the numerous trades and handicrafts, which constitute the aggregate of its manufacturing industry. Among its principal manufacturing pla''e« may be named Madison, Indianapolis, New Albany, Cannelton, etc. — the last destined to become, at no di.sfant d:iy, the seat of a vast inrlustry. Jnhivd Communicution.—\\\i\\vLna. lins no direct foreign commerce, but it has a vast domestic and inter-state trade by mt-aus of its navigable waters and niagnifleent systems of canals and railroa:1endlng from Kvansville, on the Ohio, to Toledo, on Lake Erie, 467 miles, of whieh 379 miles are in Indiana ; and the White Water Canal, extending from Lawrenceville, on the Ohio, via Cambridge, on the National Road, to Ilagersfown, 75 miles. The prineipal railroads of the State centre at Indianapolis, radiating in all directions, and forming links in the great nrilicnal system which is rapidly springing into existence. There is also a large number of railroads in course of con- slrnelinn. the most important of whieh are. the Cincinnati and St. Louis Kailroad, the Lawrenooburg and Upper Missis- sippi Kailroad. the upper portions of the New Altjany and Salem Kailroad, and the Fort Wayne and Southern Ilailroad. These will be opened within a year or two, and there are others already projected that must be built within a very short space of time. BankSy et^. — There are in Indiana 1 bank .and 13 branch banks, the same being the State E.ank of Indiana, at Indianapolis, and its several branches at Bedford, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Lafayette, Lawrenceburg, Madison. Michigan City, New All>any, liichmond. South Bend, Tcrre Haute, and Vincennes. The aggregate condition of those institutions in November, 1S50, was as follows — UahiliUes : capital, $2,082,958 ; circulation, $3.422.4;55 ; deposits, $630,3;i.") : due other banks, $112.175 ; and (^sw^■^— loans and discounts. $4,395.099 ; real estate, $3&4.23:J : oilier investments, $10S,4^5; due by other banks, $$15,062 ; notes of other banks, $224,842; specie, $1,197,3S0. The constitutional provisions n-speeting banking in tliis State are : tluit no banks shall be established except under a general law, and the stoekholdera sliall be individually responsible for the debts of the corporation, in addition h:> their stock, to an amount equal thereto, and every bank must close banking operations within twenty years from its org.anization and promptly close its businrsa. There are. besides the above-named banks, several others organized under the general banking law, but these have only lately been established, and have not yet published any returns. Their circulating notes are secured by pledge of public stocks. (jovernment, etc. — The first constitution of Intliana is dated 29lh June, 1^16; the constitution on which llie present State government ia based was done in convention 10th Febniary, 1B51 ; ratified by the people 4th August, and went into operation 1st November of the same year. It provides as follows: Every white male citizen of the I'niteil States, 21 years old, resident in the State six months next preceding an election, aii'l every white male of foreign birth. 21 years old, resident in the United States one year, and in the St.-ite six montlis next preceding an election, who shall h.ave duly declared his intention to become a citizen of the I'nited Stales, may vi'le. No negro or mulatto ean vote. All eleetions by the people arc by ballot, and all elections by the General Assembly xica Yebts, etc. — The balance in the Treasury on the 31st October amounted to $42S,941 19, and the receipts for the fiscal year 1S50 were $1,432,442 78 — total revenue $I,SG1,3S3 97 ; and tlie expenditures for the same period amounted to $1,513,534 04, leaving a balance for future draft of $347,S49 93. The chief sources of income are— permanent revenue, $455,630; state prison, $11,145; common school fund, $55,S63 ; university fund, $9,479; bank tax, $1.9S4; saline tax, $4,999 ; Wabash and Erie Canal (by trustees), $857,149, etc. And the principal expenOitureM were on account of— Legis- lature, $31,010; Executive, $5,s7S ; Judiciary, $19,70G; public printing, $11,522 ; sUite prison, $3,606 ; treasurj- notes cancelled, $144,575; interest on treasury notes, $59,423; interest on public debt, $lSs,59,); Wabash and Erie Canal (by trustees), $S24,9S5; deaf and dumb, $27,979; blind, $11,7S1 ; insane, $32,501; university fund, $14,332; saline fund, $7,765; bank tax fund, $3,624, etc. Prior to 1S47 the State owed on her foreign debt— principal $11,043,000, and interest $3,826,W0— total $14,374,640. In accordance with the acts of the Legislature of 19th January, 1S46, and 27th January, 1S47, proposals were made to llie bond holders tliat they should complete the Wab:ish and Erie Canal, an August, 1S50, is as Mluws : 5 P^'"''"'- *f ;''*^'';- *;■ , ',ek mi.m : 2i per cent, special preferred Va„.,l sto..k. ferredO-««; stock, $4,(i79,600; » l'" "^ ;' ff :,^^^'; ,; 1 ^'1 tock issued to 5.h August, 1S50, $12,72a.<)„ 50^ $1,21G;2D0 ; 21 per cenU special deK.rredC«mtock, *.'.,* »^ ^_^_j ^^^^ ^,^^^, outstanding .s rcdu<-ed to or Which .amount deduct for 'H per "■"'• *'' ' ^^^^^^^ 5 m^^^^ : $12,7(.3,377 50. The State is paymg ■■"-■■■'-■^""'y °" 'tn, i a e stock will draw interest at thai rate. The rcnm.un g LJ will be 6 per cent.; and after lSo3 f ;; ";;^i,P;;[;^,;;;- ^^itipd and interest, depends upon the receipts Irum the Sin" "I— ::^Uh";,;:::^"l of the =■---"*;- -rt^ma, in,proventent liabilities, but these ha.lng "^'in 1.39-40 the State issued »1,500,000 ''-^^^X^J^l^ 'a„ "01^ ncd to the'.reasury. The State also issued bonds '"^^:':t:/:<':Z^^'^^^^--^ '-^-^-^ '- ^'^^-^ *15.,S70,B9,bnt the true or estiu,ated value T;^;rr ::SUhe s,atis.ics of t.. severa, religious .— atlonsin 13^ ~ -"2. Ch'.rch lions. Churches. aLtoiu. ,7ewi8h — . • — .. Luther.™ 60 . 1S,0I>0 .. Menuonite .. — . — ■• Metll0dist...745 . 250,372 .. Moravian — 53 . 17.400 . . I'rcsbvlerian 207 . 10.1,4.32 .. 1;. Catholic . . 03 . . 26,115 .. German r.et 3,500 I Swedenbo"n . — . . 4^2,400 20,SOO 324,170 107,725 Gi9,230 *1,512,4S5 ".IstUuies a dlocl Of the Protestant K,^P. chu^;^ .^^^^ J5a„c««»..-Ind,ana has endowed her common ' ""I"" ^^'^f ' „_^ congressional township fund, and the lands The constitution provides that - the ™»™° -^°°' '™tank lax m Is the funS to he derived frotn the sale of counly hclonging thereto, of the surplus '";™''f' ^^ " f'^f^'^",, .eminarie , all fines, forfclurcs, and escheats, and lands no seminaries, and money and property heretofo el tor B^^^^^^^^^ ,,„„„ ,0,1 to the State by the Ac otherwise specially granted, inclndmg the "'-■V ;™ '^f^^ '^^ ^'^^^t^^j, „e increased, but shaU never bo ,linnmshc-lh, 1S50. The ?■■'" ' P^' «' '^^J™ ,^;l The value of these several funds and ,ncome« .3 its inc-.;mc shall be devoted solely to the support "f J' "^ f 1^^ |4,0G4,270 ; and in addition U. this suu,, the school staid by Governor Wright in his Message of De"™''";'!^"^;^^ *';,,;„,,•, at, of the sinking fund. The .schools fond wiU be constantly augmented by ''---P ^"^^ ;^„ ^ p . tst c.ion. who is elected by the people and hold, of the Stale arc under the supervision «' ^.^"P"" f'."'^;"'^;' /,,",J ,|,„o were in 1S51 about 40<1,000 between the ages of o office for two years. From the report of th.s '*<="' '^"PP^^^'j" ';„,„,,„ of children attending school was 22o,318 and 21 years. The number of common schools was '^'f »'•'"!' '^f"™, .,,„„„. „,, collegiate establishments the follow- %ndia„a has also a large nntnhcr of high sehools^a^^^^^^^^^ i„g,.re the most consi.ieuous : the Indiana *'^'f ,^^"!^ ' *7' "' ™' ™ ",",,11 ., ^t Green Castle, founded in lS«i7. At ll.an- in'lS29 ; Wabash College, founded in 1S34, ^'^^^^'^'^^^'^Z^Jl! Hanover College. The Universities have over is also tluandiana Theological semmary (Pre br.a„>, a d^art^ I„aianapolis-at the flrsl place the Indiana each a law dcpartmenl ; .an.l there are ™«'1''=^\^° '™J.\,^ ..^^.^p^ "^^ both highly-flourishing institutions. Medical College, and at the latter, the Indiana OenralMcdMaU,^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^.^ ^^^^^.^^ ^j^_3„„, . f,.,,, .,.,,„,,V,,._One S..al6 library (7,000 volumes ; to so lal l^"--'- ; „,„ ,,,„„,,. students- libraries (4,S90) ; one public school '''''"/y^^" " ^^Vm^^^^^^ of which 79 are political^ whig, and 30 reriodlcal J',-ess.-Tbe public press consists of 1^ P^"';^ ' P ' ^^, ,„^. '„„o,o „„mber, 9 are publi.shed daily, 2 tn- democratic-and 42 are devoted to '— «; -^ ^J.^I^Tr'^f^L. dailies, at each issue, is 8,984; of the tri-wecUlics, IS^nJ^J^S^^-r^lf n-^^-^-Crr ;cd .... f.™ t,. .... ... .... >,. year P.,„„«-i«„ a,u! ,>i«..-Tlie wMe ""™^? ^'.^^Sc" ' nd 322 foreigners; and the whole number of paivy-ers at ending June 1st, 1S50, was 1,1S2, which ^^:;;^1";^ ;- ""Zl 137 foreigners-costs to the public for the year $.. .olO thedute referred to was ,5S3, of which ™"'''; «°;°^^, f,;"^^' November, 1S50, was 142, and ll.c number received during The whole number of convicts in the State Prison on the ^Wh ^ " ™"'^J; dischar-^ed-by expiration of sentence, 21 ; by ,h following official year was 103, and during the --7^^, ."^ ^ n h nee tircre were in prison on the 30,.i Novem- escape, 3 ; by pardon, 10 ; by order of court, 1 ; 1 ) death . total o , ^^^^ ^^^^ „^ . .^^_j j^, „,^. . ber l4l, 192 convicts, of which 8 were committe.l for life, 1 "^ >"' The State Prison is situate .at .Tclfersonvillc. mhto) t Offenses against property, and 39 ^-f^°^'^^^^:^^,^^::Uso.i..r^y of ...o "Territory North- Ili^orical »rfc/,..-Indiana originally constituted » P^^' ^ J; ^ ^^ ^^^ Jseertaincd. It appears, however, , hU about West of the Ohio Paver." Tho exact period of its first ^ ^^° ™ ' , , ,„„ i,„-iia„ village of Appecauglike, and leOOtheFrenchlndiansvisitedthesiteof^Vincennes,^ ha tin occ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ _^^_^ ^^^ ,,^ , in 1702 a party of the same nation descended the *•"':;"".;;„ f,,„„ i,„„3,inc feuds, or inability, made 1, tic op- othcrs Vinccnnes. The tribes inhabiting the country at 1 1. n . - ' ^"^^ 1 f^,„„ ,„^. „,„ „; ,o,„,dnd, and buried ,n the .osition to the new-comers. Thecolonists "' ^--™";^ "^;^r an" customs of the Indians by whom they were .ur- midst of the wilderness, gradually approximated tho manners SIT IND IND ~ ^„. „.i,i, ti,pir women ioincd in their hunline parlies, and subsisted more by the chase thatt rounded, and fortned marnag s « ..h '^" "°™^^' f J^^^^^,, ,^„. ^,,„, „:„' „„ ,,eord,, for until 1T63, when the country by the proceeds o ^^^"^f;^Xomul of them' Bv rtrcat/of cession, the settlers were confirmed in their posses- was ceded to England wc '''J'" "° > ^^ f ^„, ,^„^ j„„^ „„,,„,,„. During the Eevolutionary War they displayed slons : but immigra ,on .' -^ """''|;'; 'j," and e ^cd the first opportunity to join with the people ; and in UTS a Span.sh their hereditary »"'l""^ '^ '" ^^f "f^^'^^^hest ength and po ition of the British forces sUationed at Vineennes, that by resident gave l^^l';^;^^^^''^^':^^^^^^ ^^^^^ whi'ch, however, he did not long retain. By the treaty of 1783, h,s d.recl.ons "^'""f.^f^J'.'r^'l^^'^ ^laZ and again the settlers were confirmed in their possessions. In 17,3 an the country -^V"^ ^^hich Is ^grea dttr'css amfng them, but they did not suffer to the same extent as the Amert- In.l.an war broke out, ;^'''*;7^^^^^^ „ercy ; bu by Ihe attack of General Wilkinson in 1791 at the inouth cans, aganvst » '^ ""'f ™;;:,^4^^;„^ ^ij^* s of Genc;al Wayne, a dangerous confederacy was broken up, atjd the of the iM'Pecanoe a„ b the ^^^t™ began to enjoy that repose of which it had for many years been deprned. By ir.bes obhgedto >'''''" •;^'!"''^';'™jS^^^^ obtained several eligible parcels of land, tor which, as a compensat.on, the treaty of Greenv.llc m \>0o the Un.tul *^^»' °° ^ ' j^ ^^j subsequent periods ; but notw.th- they paid the Indians sums of tnoney and «""^ry good . « ^"^™";^ eLsperated by ule eloquence of Tecumseh, standing these, a part "^ "- '[' --^;';^';— ,", ™t,^^ among them, several of the tribes a leader of the Shawnees, »"■ ™ ^^ ^^^-^^^^^f^^^^^^ „'„a depredation had been committed to such an extent that united in resistance to the ncreas.ng po« er ' '^e w".te i ^^ eonccnlrated at Vineennes, in ISU the government dctermmed ^.«"''';P»7[j^^™,,en Governor. On the Gth November of the same year, and placed under "--^-fj,;;^ ^n, T pp^^^^^^^^^^^^ a-I demanded restitution of the property the Governor appeared ^f '•'= 1 ^"P"^^^; "; .^ \l^ ^ ^^.„| „,„ „ostilities should not commence until next mornmg, the I"'l'-^l^f,^":f„:5„,^;Vl"b made but in violation of this armistice, the Americans were attacked before that an am.cable arrangement m.^ht 0^^^^' . „owever, knowing the character of the enemy, had so d.s- daybreak by a large body of -™f^ ; «° J™" „i':7b ^V^Tder of battle f and therefore, Ihough taken by surprise, nosed his troops as to be able immediately to arrju^c „„.„rilion The combat, though short, was unusually L A-ricans received ,h™i>.^»t^^^^^^^^^^^ - ; „, ,=„ ,^„^, _ ,„,b that severe; »<= I"''"'"'' '^Sht with desperate courae ' „ ;„ „„ directions, leaving forty of their number on the the fate of the battle was soon deeded, and the Indians dr, en n an j^.^-^ ,033 ,esa in proportion. After fleld, while their whole loss was not less than one f "f ^ ™,^.«'^, •,,';7J^;;',^„trng se.tlemenls, returned to Vincen- "'^ ^'T rrn^f,"" :™fes re^' r r;. ""Thetrw'ith'S,:^.! in Jn gave a fresh impetus to Indian nes, and not long afterward the '"0'^^» J ^ ^ committin" great cruelties and excesses, received full hostility. Seduced into the -'^^I'^l^J'^^^^ werelrov" d and their vvh^le country laid waste. During the latter reu-ibution from the Am^™-s ■ > -J ^^^^^ J^^^^, repise, and after the .inclusion of peace in 1S15, the Indians part o the war "' Engtand Into^ P ^^^^1 ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ g^,^^ ^^^„ j3„l ,^, ,„,,, ceased to molest or trouble .''''' *f 3. '"f>^,;^ Territory North- West of the Ohio ; in that year it was erected mto a included in Indiana remained ^ P°^""°^f ^ '^"^ ^f/^^d all the territory West and North of the Ohio boundary. In separate territoria S^™" "'"tlaturc pet toned W for admission'intn the Union, and the privilege of forming December, IS 5 tl,e '" "J "''^f^f'^/X Passed Congress in April,lS16 ; a Slate Constitution (dated 29lh June, 1816) a State constitution. ^ ' " J';'' "« ^ P^^^^^^ ,^ ,„^j ^;^<,,,, I , ,„d the same having been aceeptablc to the was framed by a convention of '^«"'^^'^^^^"^'; ,^P. ^^ J^ ^lenlioned, admitted in the December following, and federal legislature, ''^^'l'''-:J^ll,''^°l~ ,,be is now so bright an ornament The constitution formed at thTpTrio^d i^Irel^LTSrlZilSM it was set a.side by the adoption of a new constitution more consonant with 'ir:"t:;l.:^~n^'^^r;S-capitaI, cordon was capil.^ iNDiAvjs. county, Pmn. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains 753 sq. m. Bounded S. by Kiskiminitas or Contic- mauMi river, and drained by its affluents, and by Ma- houin- cr. and other streams-all branches of Alleghany river ° Surface uneven: soil generally a sandy or clayey loam, and very prodnctivc. Its crops of wheat are very l-ir.'c as are most grains, and it is especially fitted for grazing and dairies. It has much good water-power and mineral resources-<^oal and salt particularly, which are very pro- ductive Iron ore is found in the N. Farms 2,496 ; manuf. 75- dwell 4,044, and pop.-wh. 2C,916, ft", col. 254-total 2-,'nO. CapiUd: Indiana. Public Works; Pennsylvania T.. K. and Canal. iNuiANV. p. b., and cap. Indiana county, Penn.: 122 m. ■^V N W llarrisburg. It contains a court-house, jail, etc.. andabimt l,no(l inhaliilants. It has several large stores, 2 hotels 2 flourisliing academies, and several raanufactoriM and flue churches. Three weekly newspapers are printed "'u-^iASAPOUS,*. city, and cap. Marion co., 7nlis and Eellefuntaine U. W., (lie Indiana Central K. U., etc. All these roads rentering in the ■' railroad city of tlie West," bring to it an immense amount of business anS.Cai'. : S7 m.W. by N. Columbia. Indian Key, p. o., Dade county, Flor.: on one of the Florida Keys so called, 453 m, S. E. by S. Tallahassee. This key contains some 7 or S acres of rich alluvial soil, and is based on coral rock, as are most of the neighboring keys. It lies about equidistant between Florida Cape and Key West, and has a very eciuable an• ";•;- ^^^0 '"Tu™ n LT vl^n "-"e^C^^^^^^^^ transported iVom .I.e eoun.rU-s east of the 1^^. ^Z'r: n^rii: U^e/:;; "L Chero.ee. the CreeU. the Pawnee, the Choctaw, the 0.age. and the Semi..uk». The other trilies are numer,ea\ly «'"""• r;,oota™, who have a written constitution and laws, Those triheswhictt have n,ade most rrogJ^.ne^^^^^^^^^^^^^ _^_^ _^^_,^__^^^ ^pp,.,^„^^., „, ^,,„.,,, their legislative, executive, and udiaal ^™'''^' '";'; j .^i;,,, .„,.^ 3, j i„,iurtry, yet have made good adv.inee, and societie, ; the Creei-s, who, though not so far I'r^ ^«'! " "' , fj ",^ „"f,™ „nd the C/,«-»to«, who are, perhaps, on have .,ls„ a written ™-f "f^; --';;-;:^ ^ r ^ ^.^ ^^ „f a" in their proper alphabetical order. The the whole, more cvdized llian either i,f the a ) nvc '^ missionary and schoolmaster. They occupy various other transported tribes are also '"n-roving under tl efforts o he ™ ) g„vernmenls. They have each determined sections of the Territory, -'';;-' ;™;,''^-i:':; The indigenous tribcl have not, as a general thing, Uieir own laws, and are c-onsidered as so many d .met ^,^^1, ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ .^^_^ ,_^, .,^ „f „. advanced in the same degree as *^'f .^■■>^"f^" o.,^ nlawav and the symbo s of civilization are becoming every day du,.ry. The barbarism of the ^"''''^^''"^^''^^^^^^^^ and other staples of the Territory have been more apparent. Of late years -ns.derab e V-""''" ^^^^ J^^^ ^^ ^„„„,, becoming permanent and ex- brought down to New tlrleans, and there . ""> P "'P^' °' '" ^.^f,,, manufacture, such as the manufacture of ,,,,rve. The Indians have also a » domestic cloths, agricultural implemLn - ' necessary to their comfort. brethren, lu fact, they ""'^ '""""''^ "^'^,"''"" i^^s memsSves, to petition Congress for the removal of all the Indian A proposition is on fool, advoca d '> ' "= \" 7^™f1he 1 ock y MounUiin. an.i there secure to them a permanent tribes within the United «'»'f '^h, mi state o the V. ion w th Senators and Kepresentatives in Congress. Tlii. eleva- member. IKDIAN Tow.s, p. v.. Currituclc CO., X. Car.: on North r., !« m. K. N. E. Kaleigli. n. . ioq m N Ixi.iAN Tow-s, p. v.. Bureau county, R.. 123 m. JN. ^■"wifo'TOWH p. v., Williamsburg dist, S. Car.: 66 m. K 'sT'^mii. It contains several stores, 20 dwellings, "t":"v~p.o., Floyd CO., n,v.iann.w.B.w. ^tr:fY..»o.,p.o.,Wachitapar.,Z«.:139m.N.N.W. ^i™rf^.x„p.o.,Co,^eeo.,..«.:63m.9.S.E. "i:r:^;andp.v.,FranU,inco.,.^:onthe^sMe of Sandy r., a branch of the Kennebec, 20 m N. N. W Au-usta The t. is fertile, with lino grazing land, and a fir^e pond in the N. furnishing water-power. The v. is near thc° pond, has several mechanic shop, two churches, a hotel, and 200 inliabitanls. Pop. of 1. 1,041. IsnviSTEY, p. c, lieaver co., Pemi.: 1S7 m. W. by .N. °il"-, p. o., Austin CO., T... : on W. fork of MiU cr., 74 m. E. S. E. Austin City. iNOnAM county, Mich. Situate S. centrally, and contains KCt'sn m. Drained N. by Cedar r., and W. by Portage r., which form Orand r., and flow into Lake Michigan bur- face mostly level, and well timbered with beech and sugar maple ; the " openings- .are more uneven and eh.efl> in the ^ -soil very good, and. like the .adjacent country, excel- tot grain and grass land. It has good water privileges, and there are indications of bituminous coal. Farms 991 , manuf 82; dwell. 1.5S3, and pop.-wh. S,COG, fr. col. 2o- total6,C31. r»/fv 7. . o= .^ Ionia, t.. p. v., and cap. Ionia county, ilfic/,.; 25 m. WN W.Lansing. The t. lies on both sides of Grand r wuh Prairie er. in the N.; has a rich alluvial soil, and plenty of timber, and raises many cattle and sheep. The village is on the right b.ank of Grand r, at tlu; head of boat navigation, and contains a courl-honse, jail, etc a r. 8. land office, and about 500 inhabitants. Population "^oJJo'county, Mich. Situate E. on Safpnaw Bay, and con- tains 549 sq. m. Drained N. by Au Sable r., and S. by Aitrais r. Surface broken, and in parls covered with Mvamps. Timber of all kinds is abundant, and lumber Uie chief export of this yel unsettled county. tJnorganaed in 1S50. THE STATE OF IOWA. ,o...,he.i,rth of those magnifleentStah,scarv<^o^cf^^vastte^^ any between the latitudes «° 35' ---^ *'° ^^'^fl'^.^'^ZlX^^^ >'>■"■" Mississippi Ki^Vr, Zl^^ t:r ;ls:S:;ta^--:-S;tl: - ^f MIsso.., and west by Ml^onri Kiver and i. t.bu 820 IOWA. tary the Tchankasndata or Big Sioux Kivpr. which divides it from the old Xorih-West Territory.* Ita width from north to south is 196 miles, aud its greatest k-ngth from east to wust 3u7 miles ; included within which limits is an area of 50,914 square niiles. Situate nearly midway between the two gri'Ht oceans; bounded on both sides by the great rivers of the continent, and watered by innumenvble smaller streams ; possessing: a fertile soil, inexhaustible mineral resources, a healthful climate, a free constitution, and a hardy and industrious population, tlie State of Iowa has commenced its career with prospects of far more than ordinary brilliancy. In extent of boun : Counties.' Dwell. AUamakee 152.. Appanoose . . . 521 . . Benton 121 . . Black Hawk.. 20.. Boone 119.. Buchanan 74.. Cedar 6S6.. Clark 14.. Clayton 728.. Chnton 499.. Dallas 156.. Davis 1,180.. Decatur 145.. Delaware Ki8.. Des Moines ..1,919.. Dubuque 1,952.. Fayette 153.. Fremont »2.. Henry 1,545.. Iowa 143.. Jackson 1,277.. Jasper 214.. JefTersou 1,649.. Johnson 799.. Jones 559.. Pop. Fnrma in cult " =">•■•»'■• Ciiunties. Dwell. Pop. Farms in cull. M!\nu( Kstab Cnpit.ilB. 777.. 2. . 0.. .Postville Keokuk . 820. . 4,822. . 326. ..12. .Lancaster 3,131.. . 153. . 2. .Centreville Lee .3,252. .18,860.. .1,350. ..78. .Fort Madison 672.. . 67. . 9. . 0. . 1. .Vinton . 991. . 842. . 5,444. . 4,939. . 526. . 388. .23. ..18. 135.. Louisa .Wapello 735.. . 0. . 0.. .Booneville Lucas . 92. . 471.. . 32. . 0. . Chariton P't. . 517. . 45. . 1. .Independ'nce Madison . 180. . 1,179. . 53. .. 0. .Winterset 3,941.. . 358. . 4.. .Tipton Mahaska . 981. . 5,989. . 480. ..18. .Oskaloosa 79.. 0. . 0.. . — Marion . 930. . 5,482. . 342. ..24. . Knoxville 3,873.. . 200. .12.. .Gamavillo Marshall.... . 62. . 338. . 34. .. 0. .Marietta 2,822.. . 306. .10.. .DeWitt Monroe . 515. . 2,884. . 337. . 0. .Albia 854.. . 0. . 0. .Adell Muscatine .. . 999. . 5,731.. . 460. .19. . Muscatine 7,264. . 613. .11. .Bloorafield Page . 94. . 551.. . 61. . 0.. .Nodaway 965.. . 46. . 0. .Nine Eagles Polk . 75C. . 4,.515. . 321. . 9. .F.DesMoinea 1,759.. . 141. . 3. .Delhi Pot(owattomeel,475. . 7,828. . 82. . 5. .Kanesville 12,987.. . 383. .23. . Burlington Poweshiek.. . 102. . 615, . 71. . 0. .Montezuma 10,841.. . 755. .46.. .Dubuque Scott . 991. . 5,986.. . 384. .19.. .Davenport 825.. . 8. . 0.. .West Union Tama . 1.. 8.. . 0. . 0.. — 1,244.. . 105. . 0.. .Sidney Taylor . 38.. . 204.. . 27. . 0.. .Taylor C. H. 8,707.. . 947. .26. .Mt. Pleasant Van Buren ... .2,069. .12,270.. . 998. .23.. .Keosauqua 822. . 70. . 1. .Marengo Wapello .1,416. . 8,471.. . 828. . 7.. .Ottumwa 7,210. . 703. .10. .Andrew Warren . 152. . 961.. . 47. . 0. .Indianola 1,280. . 150. . 0. .Newton Washington . 836. . 4,957,. . 428. . 1. .Washington 9,904. .1,067. .54. .Fairfield Wayne . 57. . 340.. . 0. . 0. .Cambria 4,472. . 377. .19. .Iowa Citv Winneshiek . 100. . 546.. . 0. . 0. .Winneshiek 3,007.. . 225. . 3. .Auamosa Since tbe census of 1S50 was taken, Potto wattomee county has been divided into the following named counties : Adair, Adams, Audubon, Bancroft, Bremer, Buena Vista. Buncombe, Butler, Carroll, Cass, Cerro Gordo. Cherokee, Chickasaw, Clay, Crawford, Dickinson, Emmett, Floyd, Fox, Franklin, Greene, Grimdy, Guthrie, Hancock, Hardin, Harrison, How- ard, Humboldt, Ida, Kossuth, Manona, Mills, Mitchell, Montgomery, O'Brien, Occola, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Pocahon- tas, Risley, Sac, Shelby, Sioux, Union, Wahkou, Winnebago, "Worth, Wright, and Yell. The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 32,902, of families 33,517, and of inhabitanlal92,214, viz.: whites 191,679— males 100,SS5, and females 90,994, free colored 385— males 163, and females 167. Of the whole population, there were deaf arid dinnTj—v{]i. 51, fr. col. 0— total 51 ; hUnd—^h. 47, fr. col. 0— total 47: iman€—v{}i. 40, fr. col. 0— total 40 ; and idiotic — wh. 93, fr. cnl. 0— total 93. The number of free persons bora in the United States was 170,620, the number of foreign birth 21,'232. and of births unknown 362 ; the naiive population originated as follows : Me. 718, N. Hamp. 5S0, Verm. 1,045, Mass. 1,251, K. I. 256, Conn. 1,090, N.T. 8,134, N. Jer. 1,199, Penn. 14,744, Del. 539,Md. 1.SS8, Dist. of Col. 70, Virg. 7,861, N. Car. 2,5S9, S. Car. 67G, Ga. 119, Flor. 51, Ala. ISO, Miss. 18S, La. 133. Tex. 10, Ark, 163, Tenn. 4,274, Ky. 8,994, Oh. 30,713, Mich. 521, Ind. 19,925,111. 7,247, Mo. 8,807. Iowa 50,330, Wise. 692, Calif. 8, Terri- tories 135 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons from — England 3,7S5, Ireland 4,8SS, Scotland 712, Wales 852, Germany 7,152, France 382, Spain 1, Portugal 8, Belgium 4, Holland 1,103. Italy 1, Austria 13, Switzcriand 175, Russia 41, Denmark 19, Norway 36, Sweden 331, Prussia SS, Greece 1, Asia 2, British America 1,756, Mexico 16, Cent. America 0, South America 1, West Indies 14, and other countries 124. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census taken by the United States authorities : Cen.us ^v^,itB Persons. . . . 42.924 . . . . . 191,879 . . . Colored Persons. Total FofmUtion. .. 48,112 .. ..192,214 .. Tlecennial Incre^e. Yenr. 1S40 ... 1850 . . . Fr?.. ....1T2 . .... SiS . Slave. 16 Tulal. .183.. .885.. Numerical. Percent . 149,102* S45.T * A rensus of this State was taken in the Litter part of tbe year IS.n3 : tbe popiilatioo or the counties was as follows: Allamakee 2,000, AppanooM 4,243, Benton 1.237, Tllnck Hawk 315. Boone l,e:4, Bremer 309, Biulianan l.(«n. Butler 73, Cedar 4.971, Clark 649, Clayton C.318, Clinton 3,8ii, Dallas 1,216, Davis 7,553, Decatur 1,184, Dt^lawnre 2,615, Dea Moinea 12,535, Dubuque 12,500, Fayette a.O&'i, Fremont 2,044. Guthrie 300, Henry 9,683, Iowa 1,323, Jackson 8,231, Jasper 1,974, Jefferson 10,225, Johnson 5,798, Jones 4,201, Keokuk 5,306, Lee 20,360, Linn 6,S90, Louisa 5,476, Lucas 1,046, Madison 1.8?2, Mahaska 7,479, Marion 6,289, Marshall 710, Mills l,4'i3, Monroe 3,430. Muscatine 6,812. Page 636, Polk 5.933, Pot- towattomee fi.0.-)7, Poweshiek 915, UinggoM 250, Risley 122, Scott 8,r,2S, Story 214, Tama 262, Tajlor 479, Union 73, Van Buren 12,763, Wapello 8,888, Warren 1,488, >Vashington S,381, Wayne 794, Winneshiek l,123,Yell 250. 822 IOWA. The slatislics of the industry and wealth of Iowa, as ascertained by the census of 1S50, and in accordance with other public documents referrina to the same period, were as follows : Ocaqried Lands, t'te.— Improved lands, 8'24,G32 acres, and unimproved lands, 1,911,353 acres— valued in cash at $10,657,567 ; number of farms under cultivation, 14,805 ; value of farming implements and machinery, $1,172,869. zVre-Stocfc-Horses, 88,536; asses and mules, 7!>4; milch cows, 45,704; working oxen,21,S92; other cattle, 69,025 ; sheep, 149,960; and swine, 323,247— valued in the .aggregate at $3,639,275. In 1340 there were— horses, mules, etc., 10 794 ; neat cattle, 38,549 ; sheep, 15,854 ; and swine, 104,899. Gram CVops.— Wheat, 1,630,631 bushels ; rye, 19,916 bushels ; Indian com, 8,056,799 bushels ; oata, 1,.524,345 bushels ; barley, 26,093 bushels ; and buckwheat, 52,516 bushels. Tlie crops of 1339-40 consisted of wheat, 15^1,693 bushels ; barley, 7"S bushels; oats, 216,335 bushels', rye, 3,792 bushels; buckwheat, 0,212 bushels; and Indian corn, 1,406,241 bushels. 'other Crops.— nice, 600 pounds; tobacco, 0,041 pounds; peas and beans, 4,775 bushels; potatoes-Irish, 270,120, and sweet 6 243 bushels; hay, S9/J55 tons ; elover-seed, S42, and other grass see.l, 2,096 bushels; hops, 3,242 pounds ; hemp _dcw-rolted, 0, and water-rotted, tons; flax, 62,553 pounds; flax-seed, 1.959 bushels; maple sugar, 73,407 pounds ; molasses, 8,162 gallons; wine, 420 gaUons, etc. The value of orchard products was .$3,4:34,- and of market-garden products, $3,84-3. , . , «,„-,., :, Products ofAntmals.-Voo\, 373,398 (in 1840,23,039) poimds; butter, 2,171,133 pounds; and chees,^ 209,340 pounds, and the value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $321,104. Silk cocoons wore produced to the amount of240 pounds; and bceswaxand honey,tothatof321,711 pounds. . ^„, „„„, Il.Je-madJ manufactures IV,r the year en.ling 1st .June, 1350, were valued at $221,292 (m 1840, al $25i)l,0) Manufacturcs.-AKrogiHe capital invested, $(100,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $000,000 ; average hands emploved, 00,OUO-maIes 00.000, and females 000; average monthly cost of labor-male $00,000, and female $0 000 • annual value of products, $000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments producing to the value of $600 and upward, in 13.50, was 432 ; and of these, 1 was a woolen factory, 14 were tanneries, and 3 were for the manu- facture of cast iron. The balance of the manufacttires and handicrafls, making up the sum of the establishments, consist ofsuch as minister to the immciliate wants of agricultural communities. , , „ , -, The wooL'u manufacture employed a capital of $10,000 ; wool consumed, 14,500 pounds ; value of all raw matend, $3,500; hands employed, 7; monthly cost of labor, $78; entire annual value of products, $13,000 ; cloth produced, ^^Th! Immerles employed a capital of $20,350 ; v.ilue of r.aw material consumed, $10,745 ; average hands, 23 ; monthly cost oflabor, $543: number of skins tanned, 860, and of sides tanned, 10,680 ; value of products, $24,520. In the minufacture of cust iron, $6,500 invested; pig iron, Sltons, and coke and charcoal awbtishcls-yalued at $'^ 6'14-consumed ; aver.age hands, 17 ; monthly cost of labor, $550 ; castings made, 71 tons ; value of entire products, $8,600. These summaries of the different national manufactures are relatively small ; but they are a germ which the immense water-power of the country and the spirit of the people wUl soon foster into interests of magnitude and importance. a»m,:ercc and Internal Cornmunication.-hm^ has no direct tr.ade with foreign countries, but its trade with the Atlantic and Gulf ports is comparatively extensive, its exports consisting princip.ally of the products of .agriculture and the mines and its imports of the manufactures of Europe and the Eastern States, groceries, wine, etc. The shippmg ports are Keokuk, Fort Madison, Burlington, Muscatine City, Davenport, Lyons, Bellevue, Dubuque, etc., at aU which Places a busv trade is carried on with the interior. The annual value of the commerce of Keokuk, at the mouth of Des Moines KiveV, Ih,^gh a city numbering less than seven years' existence, amounts to between Ave and six million dollars and at the other ports the value of the import and exp-.rl trade is little less in value. Keokuk is the etitrepOt and dep6 of the whole valley of the Des Moincs-a region in which more than half the population and agricultural wealth of the suite is concentrated ; and when the contemplated improvements in tlie navigation of the river are completed, it must of neces- sity become one of the most important of Western commercial cities. The exports from Dubuque consist chiefly of lend. Keokuk, Davenport, Lyons, and Dubuque will shortly be connected with the interior by railroads, .and hence their aimmer e will be indeflnitely enlarged, and the interests of the whole State be developed by the increased facdities these hi°,ways will afl-ord to transportation. Most of the railroads will centre at Iowa City, from which point -^ K'-^d '™f rariroa.l will be carried westward to Council Blufl-s, on the Missouri, and thence, in the progress of events to tbe Pacillc Ocean None of these roads are completed ; but, perhaps, as a meam of developing the wealth of the interior, these line» ^e onnferior importance to the grand project of opening the channel of the Des Moines to steam navigation, as before Xded to ; it will thus become the channel through which the greater part of the commerce of the conntr, wil pass, and "ts binks will rise up cities and towns, equal in magnitude and wealth, to those on the Illinois or the H";''™-'» tnt will become as important to Iowa as those rivers are to the States through which they have their courses. Through owa wi also pass a link of the great chain of North and South railroads, connecting St. I.,uis with the extreme setUe- ments of Minnesota, etc. That portion of this chain within Missouri is already provided for, and will have the aid of the State to build it, and the same policy in relation to State aid will probably be pursued in Iowa Rmking.-The constitution provides that "no corporation with b.anking privileges shall be created; and all persons or associations shall be prohibited by law from banking or creating paper to circulate as money. eovermnent.-Tho constitution, the basis of the present government of Iowa, was adopted 3d August, 1S46. Its prm- cipal provisions are as follows : , . Every white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years of age, insane and infamous persons excepted, having resided in the State six months and in the county in which he claims to vote thu-ty days, is allowed the right of suffrage. The general election is held biennially on first Monday in August. The Legislature is styled the General Assembly, and consists of a Senate of 30 members, and a House of Eepresenta- lives of 69 members. The number of representatives is not to exceed 72, and senators n-)t less than a third, nor inoro than a half of that number. Senators are chosen for four years, one half every two years, and must be 2o years ofae and representatives are chosen for two ycars-both senators and representatives must have been resident in <'"'''•"«" least one year next before the election. The governor's veto to any act of the Legislature is nulhfle.l by a ™b»^'J"™' two-thirds vote of both houses in favor of the rejected law. No member of either house is eligible to any othcc created or the emoluments of which have been increased during his term of service. No person holding any ucralive omce unuer the State or United States, is eligible to a seat in the House of Itepresentatives. No law shall emlmce more than one object, and that shaU be expressed in its title. No divorce sh.all be granted by the Legislature. A census ot the ._ tato i£ taken everj- two vears. and alter each cuumcrali..n members are apportioned among the several counties aoMirding to IOWA. the number of white inhabiuiiila iu each. The Legislature meets at Iowa City biennially on the first Monday of De- cember. The (/ovei'nor is chosen for four years by a plurality of votes ; he must be at least 30 years of age, and have resided in the State two yeors next preceding. In case of diiiability of thu governor, his place is occupied by the SccrL-tary of State, and after him by the President of the Senate and Si)eaker of the House of Kepresentatives. The chief addiinistrative officers are a Secretary of State, a State Auditor, and a State Treasurer, chosen by the people each for two years. The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, and courta of local jurisdiction. The Supreme Court con- sists of a chief and two associate justices, elected by joint vole of the General Assembly for six years, and until their fiucoossors are elected and qualified. Any two ot the judges Ibrm a quorum. The court holda a session each year in each of the five Supreme Court districts into which the Stale is divided. This court has appellate jurisdiction only in all chancery cases, and corrects errors at law under restriclions provided by the Legislature. The Supreme Court lias a re- porter. For the purpose of holding Dlstriet Courts, the State is divided into six districla. The judges of this court arc elected by the voters of their district fur five years, and until Iheir successors are elected and qualified; a prosecuting attorney and clerk of the District Court are elected each for two years by the voters of each county. Each county also electa a judge of probate, etc. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction in civil cases where the amount in controversy does not exceed $100, and by oonaent of parties when it is below $500. Among the special provisions of the constitution are the following: No State debt shall be created exceeding $100,000 except in case of war or insurrection, unless authorized by a special law which shall provide for the payment of the in- terest and of the principal within 20 years, which law shall be irrepealable, and before going into cfl'ect must be submitted to the people at a general election, having been published in at least one newspaper in each judicial district for three months preceding, and be approved by a majority of the voters. Corporations other than for banking purposes may be organized under general laws with certain resolutions. The State shall never become a stockholder in any corporation, Fincnice^^ Public Debt, etc.— On the 30th November, lS5i>, the funded debt of the Stale amounted to $79,442, on which the annual interest was $5,304; to this should be added auditor's warrants unpaid, $111,771 — total debt, $90,313. The expenditures for the two years ending at the above period amounted to $75,410, namely — expenses of legislature, $7,453; executive, $11,200; judiciary, $1S,97!}; public buildings at Iowa City, $3,200; interest, $11,692; and public printiag, $8,02S. The revenue is derived from taxes upon real and personal properly, which, according to the assessors' returns for 1S50, was valued at $22,023,334, being $4,114,507 more than in 1S49. The levy for Stale purposes was 2} mills on the dollar— the tax for 1S49 was $47,296, and for 1S50 $5(J.55S. The toUowing are the various objects of taxation in 1S50— polls, 332,2S9 ; land, 3,752,103 acres— $13,277,4S3 ; town lots, etc., $3,640,54(5 ; capital employed in merchandise, $SS7,237 ; mills, manufactories, distilleries, carding maehines, and tan yards, with stock, etc., $4'J2,23S ; horses over two years old, 88,585 — $1,460,475; mules and as.*es over a year old, 305— $15,591 ; neat cattle over two years old, 99,406— $1,100,055; Bheep over six months old, 140,599— $155,765 ; hogs six months old, 200,452— $202,897 ; pleasure carriages, 8.922— $151,904; watches, 3,577 — $43,702; pianofortes, 55 — $S,135; capital, stocks, and profits in any incorporated or unincor- porated company, $13,107 ; boats aud vessels, $15,089 ; all other personal proi)erty over $100— $207,554; gold and silver coin aud bank notes in actual possession, $233,371 ; claims for money or other consideration, $470,853; annuities, $9S1 ; notes, morlgages, etc., $105,950 ; miscellaneous property, $90,S09— toUil, $22,623,334. Federal Representation.— lovia^ in conformity with the law regulating the apportionment of members to the United States House of Kepresentatives, occupies two seats in that body. HeUffioiis Denominations. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in 1850 were as follows : Denomina- No of Church Value or Denomina- No ol Cliurch V.lue or Denomina- Na of Church Value o( tioiis Cliurdies. acLom. Prorerty. tioiis. Churrlies. accom. I'roperty. tions Churches. accom. ITo|,e,.j. Bapiisl 10 . . 8.49; . i;19,55i) Jewish — . — . $- Tunker — . — . . i- Cbrislian 8 .. 2,125 . 6,300 Lulheran 4 . 1,000 . 6,050 Union 2 . 450 . . 7,100 Cougregal'l... 14 .. 4,T25 . 21,550 Meunonite ... — . — . — Unitarian .... — . — . — Dulch Eef ... — . . — . — Melhodisl 60 . 12,10T . 43,450 Univcrsalist.. 1 . 200 . . 1,600 Episcopal 4 .. 670. 5,000 Moravian 3 . .500 . 2,200 Minor Sects - . — . — . — 1,550 . 0,3110 Presbyterian 24 . K. Catholic... IT . 6,655 . 3,080 . 28,350 2.5,260 Total.... 148 37,759 Friends 5 .. »1T7,400 GcrmaaRef.. 1 .. 200 . 800 Swedcnbor'g — . . — . — The total number of churches in the State is 14S, in which is provided accommodation for 37,759 persons, and the value of church property is $177,4'10. Iowa constitutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is mcluded in the Eoman Catholic diocese of Dubuque. Educatioii. — A superintendent of public instruction is chosen by the people for three years. All lands granted by Congress to this Slate, all escheated estates, and such per centage as may be granted by Congress on the sale of the Pub- lic Lands in Iowa, constitute a perpetual fund, the interest of which, and the rents of the unsold land?, are applicable to the support of common schools. It is the duty of the Legislature to provide a school in each school district for at least three months in each year ; and all moneys received from exem])tion from mililary duty and for fines imposed by the courts, are appropriated to such schools, or for the establishment of school libraries. The moneys arising from the sale or lease of public lands granted for the support of a University remain a perpetual fund to maintain such an institution. The school fund amounts to about $260,000. Libraries. — One State library, containing 2,500 volumes ; and 4 public school libraries, containing 160 volumes— total 5 libraries, and 2,060 volumes. Public Press.— The public press of Iowa consists of 82 periodicals and newspapers, of which 24 are devoted to politics (12 whig and 12 democratic), and 3 to literature, religion, science, etc. One of these is published tri-weekly, and circu- lates 1,200 copies at each issue ; 28 are weekly issues, with an aggregate circulation of 18,390 copies, and there are issued at other periods— 1 serai-monthly, and 2 monthly, circulating 4,050 copies. The tri-weekly and 3 weekly papers are pub- lished at Burlington, 4 weeklies at Dubuque, 2 weeklies and 1 monthly at Mount Pleasant, 1 weekly at Andrew, 2 at Fairfielii, 2 at Iowa City, 2 at Fort Madison, 1 at Keokuk, 1 at Wapello. 1 at 0!*kaloosa. 2 at Muscatine. 2 at Fort Des Moines, 2 at Davenport, 1 at Keosauqua, 2 at Otlumwa, 1 semi-monllily at Kanesvitle, and 1 monthly at Tipton. Indian Cfes.9io;w.— Until as late as the year 1S32, the whole territj)ry north of the State of Missouri wa:^ in undi.'»puted possession of the Indians. By a treaty made in 1330, the Sacs and Foxes, who were then the prmcipal tribes, had ceded 824 low IKA to the United States the best of their lamls east of the Mississippi River. Their unwillin^riess to leave the cQiiM terri- tory, in compliance with the treaty, led to the "Black Hawk War," which resulted in the total defeat of the Indians at the Cattle of the Bad Axe, in Wisconsin, on the 2d of August, 1S32. In the September foUowinEr, partly as an indemnity for the expenses of the war, and partly to secure the future safety and tranquillity of the invaded frontier, a slip of country on the west of the Mississippi, extending nearly 3U0 miles north of Missouri, and about 50 miles in width (now commonly called the Black ITaick picrchase), was ceded to the United States, and in June, 1S3;5, the settlement of Iowa by the white man was commenced. Further purchases were made successively in the years 1S36 and IS-'JT ; and in 1542, by a treaty concluded by Governor Chambers, an immense tract of land, containing some 15,000,000 acres, was purchase*! of the Sacs and Foxes for tho sum of $1,000,000. This tract, known as the "new purchase,'' now contains some of the finest counties in the State, though a large part of it was occupied by the Indians until October in 1S45. The Poltowattomies, who inhabited the south-western comer of the State, and the Winnebagocs, who occupiM the *' neutral ground," a strip of country on the northern borders, have been peaceably removed within the past few years, and the Indian title thus became extinct in the whole countrj' lying within the established limits of the State of Iowa. — Satyetit nUtorical Sketch.— lo^i a. was originally a part of the French province of Louisiana, which was purchased by the United States in 1S03. The first white settlements were made in IGsG, at Dubuque, by Frenchmen, who built a fort at that point and commenced a trade with the Indians, which was the sole dependence of the place for more than a ec-ntury and a half. It is here that the great lead mines of the State were first discovered, but at a later period. The territory now comprised within the State was a part of the Missouri Territory from ISO-i to 1S'21, but after that was placed suc- cessively under the jurisdiction of Michigan and Wisconsin territories. In June, ISSS, it was erected into the separate Territorial Government of Iowa; under which was also included all that portion of the present Territory of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River, and on the 3d December, 1S46. it was ailmitled into the Union as an indei>endent State. Iowa City, on the left bank of Iowa River, is the political capital of the State ; previous to May, lS3y, Burlington, oa the Mississippi, was the scat of government. Iowa county, la. Situate S. E. cenh-ally, and contains 576 gq. m. Iowa r. passes E. through the N., and its branch, English r., through the S. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. Good timber on the streams, and some prairie between. Farms 70 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 148, and pop.— wh. S22, fr. col. 0— total 822. Capital: Marengo. PahUe Works: Council Bluffs K. R. Iowa county, Wise. Situate S. W., and contains 752 sq. m. Bounded N. by Wisconsin r., and drained N. by its affluents, S. by heads of Peckatonica r., a branch of Rock r. Surface considerably broken, and inclining N. and E. from a ridge or watershed crossing the county ; soil very pro- ductive, with a basis of limestone. The chief wealth con- sists in its great mineral deposites ; of these lead and cop- per are the principal, and great quantities of them are dug. Zhie and iron are also found. Farms 470; manuf. 24; dwell. 1,S46, and pop._wh. 9,502, Ir. col. 2^i— total 9,530. Cajntal: Mineral PoinL Public Works: Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R., and Mineral Point R. R. Iowa, p. v., Perry co.. III. : on a branch of Little Muddy cr., 129 ra. S. by E. Springfield. Iowa City, p. v.. and cap. Johnson co.. 7(7.. and cap. of the State of Iowa : on the E. bank of Iowa r., 52 m. from the Mississippi r., 63 m. from Burlington, 51 m.from Davenport, and 70 m. from Dubuque — from Washington, D. C, 1,4S5 m. The river is navigable to this place at all stages of the water, and regular steamboats from the Mississippi ascend it daily. The surface consists of a succession of plateaux rising from the margin of the r., the first plain, about 100 yards wide, being devoted to a public promenade; the sec- ond plateaux is about 12 feet, and the third about 30 feet above the promenade, and on these tho city is built. The principal avenues run along the brows of these eminences, and are intersected centrally by luwa Avenue, a magnifi- cent street, on which stands the State House, an elegant building of bird's-eye marble, a richly variegated species of limestone ; it is 100 feet long and 60 feet wide, and is built in the Greco-doric style, surmounted by a dome resting on 22 Corinthian columns. The avenues are 160 feet wide. Iowa City, as the capital of a wealthy State, is well situated, being easy of access from all points, and is capable of every species of improvement for manufacturing, mechanical oper- ations, trade, o;nd commerce. Already it is being made tho centre of communication from all the principal ports of the Mississippi toward Council Bluffs and the Pacific— in which direction railroads will soon be built. Above the city the river nfford« immense water-power, and has been improved by the erection of several extensive mills. It is the seat of a U. S. land office ; and here, also, is an elegant county court-house, a jail, several substantial church buddings, and here will be located the State University recently char- tered by the Gener.il Assembly of the State. The news- papers published here are the " Iowa Republican"' (whig), and the "■ Iowa Capital Reporter" (dem.), both weekly issues. The site of the city previous to 1S39 was in the wilderness: in that year it was selected by the legislature as the seat of government. Pop. 2.262. Iowa river, /«.; a considerable afllaent of the Mississippi. It rises in Hancock county, and passes in an E. S. E. and E. direction through Franklin, Hardin, Marshall, Tama, Iowa, and Johnson counties, in the latter of which it sud- tlenly turns to the S., and on entering Louisa county, again changes its direction S. E., and disembogues into the Mis- sissippi by two mouths, forming a delta, the si'les of which are about six miles in length ; the upper fork is the main stream, and empties opposite Edward's r. of Illinois, and the other, called the Iowa Slough, is the lower fork. Tho river is navigable for light draft steamers at all seasons, and for boats much farther up. Its whole length is 300 miles. Red Cedar r., its main branch, enters at Fredonia, and at certain seasonsis navigable for keel-boats 100 miles from its mouth. The Iowa is a fine clear stream, and aff'ords in its course innumerable mill scats and eligible city sites. lowAviLLE, p. v.. Van Buren county, la.: on the N. side of Des Moines r., 61 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. It has several largo stores, 3 mills. 50 houses, and about 300 in- habitants. Ipswich, t, p. v., and cap. Essex co., Mass. : on Tpawich r., 25 m. N. N. E. Boston. The t. has an uneven surface and a productive soil. The v. lies on both sides of the r., which is passed by a stone bridge, 2 m. from its mouth. It has a court-house, jail, a noted female seminary, a bank, several commercial houses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. On the r., just above, are large factories. The r. is navigable, and the port had in 1S50, 675 tons shipping, mostly in the coasting trade. The Eastern R. R. passes through the v. 25 m. from Boston. The " Ipswich Clarion." a semi-monthly literary, is published here. Pop. of t 3,849. Iea, t. and p. v., St. Clair county. Mich. : 93 m. E. by S. Lansing. It lies on the N. shore of Lake St. Clair, and is drained by Swan and Lautries rivers. Soil fertile, and sur- face undulating, and well covered with pine timber. Pop. of t. 597. Ida, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., 271 T. : 141 m. W. N. W. Albany. Little Sodus cr. touches the N,, but the streams are small. Surface level, and soil very fertile. Farming is 325 IRA ISL the chief pursuit. The v. has a hotel and several stores. Pop. of t. 2,110. Iba, t. and p. v., Kutland co., Venn. : on Castleton r,, 54 m. 8. S. W. Moutpulicr. The t. is rough and fittei' for graz- ing. The V. has a church, 2 or 3 stores, and 20 houses. The Troy, 'Whitehall, and Castleton 11. K. crosses the N. of the town. Fop. of L 407. Ikaskukgh, t., p. v., aud cap. Orleans co., Verm. : 42 m. N. N. W. Montpelicr. Surface of the t, gently broken, and soil productive. Drained by Black r., which flows into Lake Memphromagog. The v. is on the river, and con- taius a court-house, jail, 2 stores, and a few houses. The *' Orleans Gazette" (whig), is published here weekly. Pop. of t. i,oa4. Ikudcll county, Ni Car. Situate TV, centrally, and con- tains 635 sq. in. Bounded S. W. by Catawba r., a head of Bantee r., and drained N. and E. by numerous affluents of Yadkin r. Surface broken and hilly, affording excellent water-power ; soil very productive of wheat, corn, and cotton, which are the leading staples, and furnishes fine poaturage. It has some good timber. Farms 1,096; manuf. 2-9, dwell. 1,S34, and pop.— wh. 10,547, fr. col. 30, si. 4,142 —total 14,719. Capital : Statesville. Ibblamd, p. o., Hampden co., Mass.: 82 m. W. by S. Boston. Ieeland, p. 0., Lewis county, Viri/. : 1S9 m. "W. N. W. Bichmond. Ikkl.vni> Corners, p. c, Albany co,, N. T. iRtsn Grove, p. o., Atchison co., Mo. : 214 m. N. "W. Jefferson City. Ieibu EippLE, p. o., Lawrence coimty, Perm.: 1S9 m. W. N. "VV. llarrisburg. Iron county, Utah Ter. Situate 3., stretching E. and W. across tiie Territory between latitudes 37° 30' and 3S° 30'. Surface mucli varied, and where best known, well wooded and abounding in bituminous coal, salt, and gypsum. Farms 54 : manuf. 2 ; dwell. S6, and pop. — wh. 860, fr. col. .1— total 360. Oipital: Iron Cekhk, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 43 ra. S. E. Lauscng. Irondbquoit, t. and p. v., Monroe co., N. Y.: 1S9 m. TV. N. W. Albany. Genesee r. bounds it on the W., Lake Ontario N., and W. Irondequoit Bay. Surface level, with Band-bills in the E., and soil productive. It has some com- merce, and is a resort for fishing. Pop. 2,397. Ieondeqcoit bay, Monroe co., 2^. Y.: an arm of Lake Ontario, 6 ra. deep and 1 m. wide. A creek of the same name, which affords numerous mill-sites, falls into the bay. Fish of various descriptions are taken here in abundance. Iron Furnace, p. o,, Scioto co., Ohio: S3 m. S. by E. Columbus. Iron Mountain, p. o., St. Francis co., Mo.: 9S m. S. E. Jefferson City. The celebrated Iron Mountain lies on the E. extreme of the Ozark Mountains, is li m. long, 1 ra. broad, and 444 feet high. The lop is solid ore, a raicaceous oxide of iron of superior quality, yielding 60 per cent, of metal, and in the crude state is used to manufacture edge tools. The amount that may be made is immense, and is goon to be brought into universal use by a raih*oad from SL Louis. Iron Kidge, p. v., Dodge co., Wise: 61 m. N. E, by E. Madison. Ikonton, p. v., Lawrence co., Ohio : on tho Ohio r., near the mouth of Stormes' cr., 97 m. S. S, E. Columbus. It is a fine little village of rapid growth, the terminus of the Iron K. K., and the shipping port for the iron of a rich and ex- tensive mining region. It h.T.s a fine dep6t, several large stores and warehouses, and a large trade. The " Ironton Eegister" (neutral), is published here weekly. Ironwood Bluff, p. o., Itawamba county, Miss.: 179 m. N. N. E. Jacksr.n. Iroquois county, III. Situate N. E., and contains 1,398 eq. m. Drained by Sugar cr., Iroquois r., and other branches 820 of Kankakee r., which flows on ita N. border, and soon into the Illinois. Surface mostly low and level, with many swamps and marshes, and some prairie; soils usually pro- ductive, raising good crops of corn, and feeding numbers of cattle and swine. Farms 8S7 ; manuf. ; dwell. 71S, and pop.— wh. 4,072, fr. col. 77— total 4,149. Capital: MiddleporL Iroquois, p. v., Ir»quois co., ///. ; on the Iroquois r., 131 m. E. N. E. Springfield. It contains a large hotel, several fine stores, and two mUla. Irville, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio: about 2 m. from the Ohio Canal, 45 m. E. by N. Columbus. It has several stores, and 200 inhabitants. Irvine, p. v., and cap. Estill co., Ky. : on the N. aide of Kentucky r., 57 m. S. E. Frankfort. It has a fine loca- tion, and contains the court-house, jail, etc., about 40 dwell- ings, and 800 inhabitants. Irvine, p. o., Warren county, Penn.: 171 m. N. V,'. llarrisburg. Ibtine's Stoke, p. c, Weakly co., Tenn, : 92 m. W. by N. Nashville. Irving, p. v., Chautauque co., 2^. Y. : on Lake Erie, at the mouth of Cattaraugus cr., 205 m. W. by S. Albany. It has a good landing, and several stores and dwellings. Irving, p. o., Barry co., Mich. : 44 m. W. by S. Lansing. Irving College, p. o., Warren co., Tenn.: 5S m. S. E. Nashville. Irwin county, Ga. Situate S. centrally, and contains 2,064 sq. ra. Drained by Ocmulgee r., its N. E. line, and heads of Santilla (or St. Ilia) r., streams fiowing into the Atlantic, and Little r.. New r., Allapahaw r., and their branches, heads of Suwanee r., emptying into the Gulf. Surface diversified, with no great elevations, and much low land ; soil productive of the grains, on which many cattle and hogs are raised, and cotton. Timber is abundant, pine particularly. Farms 414; manuf. 0; dwell. 44S, and pop. — wh. 2,8S3, fr. col. 1, si. 450— total 8,331 Capital : Irwins- ville. Public Works : Savannah and Pensacola K. K. Irwin's Cross Eoads, p. o., Washmgton co., Gq. : 26 m. S. E. MilledgeviUc. Ibwinsville, p. v., and cap. Irwin co., Ga. : about 3 m. E. Allapahaw r., 102 m. S. by W. Milled geville. It haa a court-house, jail, etc., a few stores, and 20 dwellings. Irwinton, p. v., and cap. Wilkinson co., Ga. : about 6 m. W. Oconee r, 19 m. S. MiUedgevillo. It has a court-house, jail, academy, three churches, and 160 inhabitants. Isabella county, Mich. Situate centrally on Lower Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Salt, Chip- pewa, and Pine rivers, aflluents of the Saginaw. A new county, unorganized in 1S50. IscuuA river, M Y.: an aflluent of Oil cr., from Cattar- augus CO., and which, through that river, empties into the Alleghany at Olean. Island Creek, t. and p. o., Jefferson co., 0?i>o: on the Ohio r., 126 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Island cr. Surface uneven, and soil very fertile, and excellent grazing. Wool is largely grown. Pop. 1,9S7. Island Ford, p. o., Rutherford county, 2^. Car, : 202 m. W. by S. Ealeigh. Island Geove, sla., Morgan co., III. : on tho Sangamon and Morgan K. P., 19 m. from Springfield. Isle au Chats, X Y. : an island of the St Lawrence, of which there is another on tho British side of the same name, between which the dividing line of the two countries passes. The one on the American side of the line belongs to the t. of Louisville, St. Lawrence co. Isle au Gallop, A^. Y.: an island of tho St. Lawrence, and a part of the t. of Lisbon, in St, Lawrence co. Isle au Rapid, an island of St Lawrence r., in the L of Madrid, St. Lawrence co. IsLEBOBouGU, t. and p. v., Waldo co.. Me. : in Penobscot Bay, 47 m. E. Augusl;i. It is composed of a large, and several small islands near it, whicli have a fertile soil, witli ISI. IZA fine harbors, much frequented by fishermen and coaslera. Fibbing is the chief pursuit. Pop. of t. 9S4. IsLB Brevillb, P.O., Natchitoches par,, Z-uga Lake. The v. is situated oq a plain, 1} m. S. of the lake, and on both sides of Ca>'uga inlet, which is navigable for largo canal boats. The alluvial flat, on which the city is chiefly located, is inclosed oq three sides by hills, which rise gradually to the height of 500 feet, and a part of the v. lies on the hill overlooking the beautiful lake in its front. The streets are at right angles, forming square blocks; its buildings are usually neat ami commodious, and most of the thoroughfares are orna- mented with shade trees. In available hydraulic power applicable to manufactures Ithaca is second to no olhcr vil- lago in the State, and it is already engaged largely in indus- trial pursuits. The streams before named, in descending from tho hills, have numerous falls. Fall cr. descends 433 feet in the course of a mile, having three successive falls of 70, 50, and 116 feet, the latter a grand cataract, and in an unbroken sheet, and other fulls in tho vicinity of the place are almost co-equal in extent and grandeur with these. The manufactures of the place comprise extensive cotton and woolen mills, flouring mills, iron works, machine shops, plaster mills, paper mills, and a variety of other industrial establishments. Its commercial advantages are also great, Southicard the Cayuga and Susquehanna R. K. gives it access to the iron and coal fields of Pennsylvania, and at Owego it unites with the New York and ErieE. K., forming a direct route to New York City; and Northward through Cayuga Lake and Sene<'a Catud it communicates with the Erie Canal and the central chain of railroads extending between Albany and Buffalo. The principal exports south are plaster, flour, etc., which are exchanged for tho coal, iron, etc., of that region. Iihaca has two newspapers, tho "I. Chronicle" (whig), issued daily and weekly, aud tho " I. Journal" (dcm.), issued weekly. The v. was planned ia ISOO by Simeon De "Witt, and in 1321 it was incorporated. Pop. in 1S30, 3,324 ; in 1S40, 5,650 ; and in 1S50, C,9o9. Ithaca, p. o., Darke county, Ohio: 87 m, W. N. W. Columbus. IvE'e, sla., Hampden t., New Haven co., Conn. : on the New Haven and Northampton It. K., 7 m. from New Haveu. Ive's Geove, p. v., Eacine co., Wiac.: 79 m. E. B. E. Madison. A plank road passes W, through this village 11 m. from Eacine. Ive'8 Store, p. o., Princess Anne co., Vlrg. : 94 m. S. E. Richmond. IvT, p. o., Yancey co., K Car. : 206 m. W. Kal<;igh. Iv^' Island, p. o., Edgefleld Uist., ^S", C- ital: Beliefonte. PuUic Works: Memphis and Charleston E. R. ; Nashville and Chattanooga E. E. Jackson county. Ark. Situate N. E., and contains 679 pq. m. It lies between Big Black and While rivers on the W., and Cache r., a branch of White r., on the E. Surface mostly undulating or level ; soil fine and well adapted to grazing. Corn is the staple, and large numbers of cattle and swine are raised. It has a great deal of excellent ash and cypress timber on Its streams. Farms 232 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 447, and pop.— wh. 2,617, fr. col. 6, si. 56-3— total 8,0S6. Capital: Elizabeth. Jackson county, Flor. Situate N. W., and contains 929 sq. m. Appalachieola r. forms its E. boundary, and Chipola r., a branch of it, with its affluents, drains it. Surface level, with slight hills ; soil generally fertile, on the streams very rich. Cotton is the great staple. Com and wheat are good crops, and many cattle and swine are kept. Farms 2S7; manuf. ; dwell 5G0, and pop.— wh. 3,075, fr. col. 30, si. 8,534r-tota] 0,630. Capital : Mariana. Jackson county, Ga. Situate N. E. centrally, and con- tains 523 sq. m. Drained by North and Allen's forks and Appalachce r., head streams of Oconee r. Surface broken and elevated, with good meadows and water-power ; soil fertile, and well adapted to grass. Cotton grows well. Farms 547; manuf. 6; dwell. 1,200, and pop.— wh. 6,803, fr. col. 19, si. 2,941— total 9,763. Capital: Jefferson. Jackson county, III. Situate S. W., and contains 5S3 sq. m. Drained by branches of Big Muddy r., a navigable Stream crossing it S. "W. to the Mississippi, which is its S.W. boundary. Surface rolling or slightly broken, with much timber and some prairie and swamp land ; soil very fertile, with excellent grazing. On Big Muddy r. arc salt springs and immense deposits of coat. Copper is found. Farms 604 ; manuf. 23 ; dwell. 1,03S, and pop.— wh. 5,829, fr. col. 83— total 5,SG2. Capital: Murphysboro'. FuUic Works: IlUnoLS Central E. E. Jackson county, Ind. Situate S. centrally, and contains 624 sq. m. Drained by Driftwood, White, Salt, and Mus- catatuck creeks, all line mill streams. Surface level or un- dulating, with some "knobs" in the N. The bottoms are large and rich, and the soil generally sandy clay. Most of the county is well timbered. All the grains yield great crops, and much beef and pork is fattened. Indian mounds are found in the N. Farms 1,173; manuf. 18; dwell. 1,965, aud pop.— wh. 10,837, fr. col. 210— total 11.047. Capital: Brownstown. Puhlic Works: Jeffersonville E. E. Jackson county, la. Situate E., and contains 643 sq. m. Drained by Macoquetais r. and its branches, affluents of the Mississippi, its E. boundary. Surface diversified, in parts broken ; soil good and well timbered, producing the eereala in abundance. This county is rich in minerals. It lies opposite the Galena lead district, and is abundantly supplied with lead, iron ore, copper, zinc, and gypsum. Farms 703; manuf. 10; dwell. 1,277, and pop.— wh. 7,201, fr. col. 9— total 7,210. Capitul: Andrew. Jackson parish. La. Situate N. centrally, and contains 927 sq. m. Drained by Dugdemona r, and br.anches W., and E. by branches of Wachita r., all affluents of Eed r. Surface undulating, and covered mostly with a heavy growth of oak, hickory, sassafra?, and poplar; soil on the river bottoms verj- fertile, and well adapted to cotton, which is the staple production. Farms 29'^ ; manuf. 6; dwell. 622, aud pop.— wh. 3,406, fr. col. 2, sL 2,153— total 5,506. Cap- ital : Vemon. Jackson county, Mich, Situate S. centrally, and con- tains 720 gq. ra. Drained N. and W. by Portage r., a head of Grand r., and heads of Kalamazoo r., both flowing into Lake Michigan, and S. E. by heads of Ilaisin r., flowing into Lake Erie. Surface undulating, with few hiils; soil a rich, sandy loani, bearing great gmin crops and grass. It has good water-power, abundance of limestone and mari, fine building stone, and some coal. Farms 2,260; manuf. 95; dwell. 8,540, and pop.— wh. 19,S46, fr. col. 85— total 19,431. Capital: Jackson. Puhlic Works: Michigan Central E. E. Jackson county, Miss. Situate S. on the Gulf, and con- tains 1,243 sq. m. Drained by numerous branches of Pas- cagoula r., which crosses it from N. to S., and empties into Pascagoula Bay. Surface level and much of it wooded with pine; soil of moderate fertility. Corn is the staple, and many cattle and swine are raised. Farms 212 ; manuC S ; dwell. 440, and pop.— wh. 2,273, fr. col. 100, si. S25— total 8,198. Capital: Jackson C. H. Jac£SOn county. Mo. Situate W., and contains 789 sq. m. Drained by Big and Little Blue rivers, affluents of the Mis- souri, its N. boundary. Surface elevated and somewhat undulating; soil excellent, particularly for grain and grass. Com is the agricultural staple. Large numbers of cattle, hogs, aud sheep are raised on its fine pa.stures and abund- ant mast. It is well limbered and has good water-power. Farms 9SC; manuf 78; dwell. 1,719, and poj).— wh. 10,092, fr. col. 39, El. 2,909— total 14,000. Capital : Independence. Public Worke : Pacific E. K. Jackson county, 2f. Car. Situate S. W., and contains S^ sq. m. Drained by Tuckassege r., a head of the Ten- nessee r., and its affluents. Surface broken and mountain- ous^. Soil ver>' productive, yielding large crops of all the grains, and affording excellent pasture. Com and pork are staples. Erected since 1850. Jackson county, Ohio. Situate S., and contains 884 sq. m. Drained by Eaceoon and Symmes creeks, and Lit- tle Scioto, affluents of Ohio r, and Salt cr., a branch of Scioto r. Surface somewhat broken, and soils highly pro- ductive of the grains and grass. Coal and iron ore are abundant. Com, wheat, wool, and pork are farming sta- ples. Farms 1,164; raanuf. 14; dwell. 2,120, and pop. — wh. 12,830, fr. col. 891— total 12,721. Capital: Jackson. Puhlic Works: Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg E. E. ; Scioto and Hocking Valley E. E. Jackbon county, Tenn. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 369 sq. m. Drained by small affluents of Cumber- land r., which crosses it from N. E. to S. W., and is boatablo at all seasons. Surface diversified, but not rough, with some water-power; soils fine. Tobacco and all the grains grow well, and many sheep and swiuo are raised. Farms 1,211; manuf. 4; dwell. 2,825, and pop.— wh. H.Otrt), fr. coL 115, si. 1,55S— total 15.673. Capital: Gainesboro'. Jackson county, Tea}. Situate S. near the Gulf, and contains 8S4 sq. m. Drained by Arenosa bayou W., Car- ancua bayou E., but masUy by Lavacca and Navidad rivers, which are navigable for vessels of light drafi, and their branches. Surface a rolling prairie, wholly destitute of stone. The streams are lined with forests, the rest of the county is open ; soil a deep black mold lying over red JAC JAC loam, and very rich. Com and cotton yield enormously, and most esculents flourish. Indigo ia raised abundantly. Cattle are an important staple, requiring little attention, and grazing on the prairies the year round. Farms 73 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 114, and pop.— wh. 63T, fr. col. 80, si. 339— total 9%. Capital: Texana. Jackson county, Virg. Situate N. W., and contains 412 sq. m. Drained E. by branches of Little Kanawha r., and W. by Big Mill, Big and Lillle Sandy creeks, affluents of Ohio r, which l)ound3 it N. "W. Surface varied, with good mill seats; soil very good, adapted to grain growing and grazing. Cum. wheat, and pork are staples. Farms 602 ; manuf! 16; 3 ; manuf. 0; dwell, 5SS, and pop.— wh. 3,206, and fr. col. 14- total 3,220. Capital : Newton. Jaspee county, Ind. Situate N. ^W., and contains 9T3 sq. m. Drained by Kankakee r., its N. boundary, and Pickamink, or Iroquois r., its branch, with their affluents. Beaver Lake, in the N. W., is the largest sheet of water in the State, and abounds in excellent flsh. Surface level, mostly wet or dn' prairie, interspersed with groves or oak openings. Much of the land is itrtile, and well adapted to grazing. Wheat, com, and oats are the cereal staples. Farms 343; manuf. 4; dwell. 692, and pop.-wh. 3,539, fr. col. 1— total 3,540. Capital: Eensselaer. Jaspee county, la. Situate E. centrally, and contains 743 sq. m. Drained by N. and S. forks of Chieagua, or Skunk r., which runs S. E. to the Mississippi. Surface level or undulating; soil mostly prairie and very fertile. Good timber on the streams, which furnish some water-pijwer. This region is a fine farming and grazing country. Farms 150; minuf. 0; dweU. 214, and pop.-wh. I,2s0, fr. ool tf- total 1,280. Capital :Se^ion. PuWic TTori's ; Conned Blufls E. E. „ , Jasper county, Mi.,>. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains 061 sq. m. Drained by Bogue Hun>e, TaH^*"^, ^"^ Leaf creeks, and brancltes of Chickasawha r.,^I flowmg JAS JEF through Pascagoula r. into Ihe Gulf. Surface level with moderate hills; soil produolive. Cotton is the staple, com a good crop, and large numbers of cattle and hogs arc fat- ted. Its many streams furnish considerable water-power. Farms 540 ; inanuf. 9 ; dwell. 674, and pop.— wh. 4,296, fr. col. 1, si. I,SS7— total 6,lSi. Capital: Paulding. Jasper county, Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 1,179 8q. m. Drained N. by Big Dry Wood, Dry Wood, Clear, and Horse creeks, flowing N. into Osage r., and S. by N. and S. forks of Spring r., Centre cr., and other affluents of Neosho r., which runs into the Arkansas. Surface elevated and broken in parts, but mostly undulating; soil highly productive. Com h the chief crop, but all the cereals thrive, and there is excellent pasturage. Cattle and hogs are raised in great numbers. Farms 4liS ; manuf. 8 ; dwell. 6G4, and pop.— wh. 4,009, fr. col. 1, si. 213— total 4,223. Capitid : Carlhage. Jasper county, Tl-ar. Situate E. near Sabine r., and con- tains SS2 sq. ra. Drained N. by Angelina r., and other afflueiils of Neches r., which forms its W. bonndar}', and with its bmnches drains most of the county. Surface un- dulating in Ihe S., in the N. hilly; soil on the Angelina and Neches, which overflow their banks, a rich alluvial bottom of great fertility, producing heavy crops of corn, cotton, and sugar. Back of this the soil is sandy and much less fertile. The county is well timbered, and the Angelina and Neehes, large navigable streams, make exportation easy and markets convenient Farms 123 ; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 192, and pop.— wh. 1,226, fr. col. 0, si. 541— total 1.7G7. Capital : Jasper. Jaspee. p. v., and cap. Walker co., Ala. : 116 m. N, N.W. Montgomery. Jasi'Ee, p. v., and cap. Newton co., Arl: : 104 m. N. N.W. Little Rock. It contains a court-house and a few dwellings. Jasper, p. v., and cap. Ilamilton co., Flor.: about 5 m. E. of Allapahais r., SI m. E. by N. Tallahassee. It contains a court-house and a few stores and dwellings. Jaspke, p. v., and cap. Dubois co., Ind. : on the right bank of Patoka cr., 101 ra. S. S. W. Indianapolis. It con- tains a courtrhou.se, jail, hotel, several stores, and 400 in- habitants. Jasper, t. and p. v., Steuben co., N. Y. : 204 m. W. by S. Albany. The L has an undulating surface and loamy soil, well fitted for grazing, and is drained by Bennett's and Tuscarora creeks. It is a farming t. and has a pop. of 1.749. Jasi'ee, p. v., Pike co., Ohio: on the Scioto r. and Ohio Canal, 61 m. S. Columbus. Pop. S4. Jasi'ER, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Tenn.: on Sequatchy r., 92 m. S. E. KashvUle. It is a small v. containing the county buildings. Jasper, p. v., and cap. Jasper co., Tex. : on the W. bank of Sandy er.. a branch of the Neches, 124 m. E. by N. Austin City. It occupies the centre of an extensive plain, and contains a court-house, S stores, hotel, and 200 in- habitants. Jatt, p. o., Rapides par., La. : 117 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Jatton, p. o., Grant county, Ind.: 64 m. N. N. E. Indianaple are rich flats. The v. is on the E. branch of the Au Sable, and contains a hotel, 8 churches, a forge, several mills, ami 500 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,GSS. Jay, t. and p. v., Orleans co.. Term. : on N. line of tho State, 51 m. N. Monlpelier. Drained by branches of Mis- eisqui r.. afl"ording water-power. Surface very rugged. In the S. W. is Jay's Peak ; soil fertile. Pop. of L 371. Jat. t, Franklin co., Me: on the Androscoggin, 27 m. W. N. W. Augusta. A fine farming town. Pop. 1.733. Jav Bridge, p. v., Franklin co., Me. : on the Androscog- gin, 26 m. W. N. W. Augnsta. It contains several stores and mills, and is surrounded by a fine wheat and graz'mg region. Pop. 450. Jat C. H., p. o., and cap. Jay co., Ind. : on the N. side of Salamonie r., 73 m. N. E. by E. Indianapolis. It oon- tains a court-house, jail, academy, several stores, and about 400 inhabitants. Formerly called Portland. Jaynesvillk, p. v., Covington co., Miss. : 44 m. S. E. Jackson. Jeanerett's, p. o., St. Marj''s par., La. : 63 m. S. S. W, Baton Rouge. Jeansville, p. v., Luzerne county, Penn.: 93 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Jeddo, p. v., Orleans county. A''. Y. : 241 m. W. by N. Albany. Jeddo, p. v., Jeffersoji county, Ohio: 123 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Jeddo, p. v., Luzerne co., Penii. : 77 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Jefferson county, Ala. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 916 sq. m. Drained by Locust Fork and its affluents, flowing into Black Warrior r., which touches its W. border, and by heads of Cahawba r., a branch of Alabama r., in the E. Surface somewhat broken ; soil excellent generally. Cotton, wheat, corn, and other grains yield largely, and there is much good pasturage. Coal is abundant in tiiis part of the State. Farms 752 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,140, :ind pop.— wh. 6,714, fr. eoL 8, si. 2,267— total S,9S9. Capitid: Ely ton. Jefferson county, Ark. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains 1.293 sq. m. Drained by Saline r. and Bayou Barthol- omew, flowing S. into Rod r., and the Arkansas r., which crosses the county, running S. E. Surface varied, and gen- erally well wooded, with good mill streams; soil very pro- ductive, particularly of cotton and com, and well fltted for raising cattle and swine, of which many are fatted. Farms 317 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 595, and pop.— wh. 8,197, fr. col. 16, si. 2,621— total 5,S34. Capital: Pine Blufl". Jefferson county, Flor. Situate N. oentr.iUy, and con- tains 453 sq. m. It extends from Georgia to the Gulf, and and is bounded E. by Oscilla r., emptying into Appaiacheo Bay. Lake Miekasukie lies on its N. W. border, and gives rise to a large stream, which in a mile or two \. UI7, si. l.C2s-total 13,'204. rVp/to;.' Dandridge. /VWk^ Works: East Tennessee .and Virginia E. E. Jeffebson county, Tex. Situate S. E., and contains 2.01T JEP JEF 8q. m. It is bounded 9. by the Gulf of Mexico, and E. by Siibine r. and lake. Drained by NecUes r., which runs Uirough Ihc county into Sabine lake, ita branches Pin Island bayou and Big Sandy cr., Cypress, Adams, and Cow bayous, affluents of Sabine r., and Taylor's bayou, of Sabine lake. Surface almost uniformly level, and, except a strip of limber land across tbe N., an open prairie, with many large swamps; soil on the Nechos, in the N. E. and in the N. W., a black mold over yellow clay and eand, and very fertile—the rest fll only for grazing. The swamps are finely adapted to rice growing. CoHon and com are the staples US yet, the county being little settled. The Nechcs and Sabine are large streams ; the latter has a good harbor near its mouth, and Adam's, Cypress, and Cow bayous are navi- gable for boats of light draft. Farms 91 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 259. and pop.— wh. 1,504, fr. col. 63, si. 2G9— total 1,S36. Capital : Beaumont Jefferson county, Tirg. Situate N. E., and contains 221 sq. m. Drained by Opequan and Shenandoah rivers, branches of the Potomac, which bounds it N; E. Surface broken— in parts mountainous, with abundance of fine water-power ; soil excellent, among the best grain and graz- ing land and the most valuable, taking the county through, in the State. Its scenery is very fine, that on the Shenandoah having no superior in the world for beauty or majesty. Its crops of wheat, com, rj'e, oats, and potatoes are equally good, and all superior for yield and quality. For grazing, it is admirably fitted, and sheep and swine are reared in great uumbers. Its manufactures are various and extensive, ex- clusive of the great U. S. armory, at Harper's Ferry. Farms 447; manuf. 165; dwell. 1,960, and pop.— wh. 10,476, fr. col. 540, si. 4,841— total 15,357. Capital : Charlestown. PuUic Works: Baltimore and Ohio K. R. ; Winchester and Poto- mac E. H. Jefferson county, WUc. Sitnate S. E., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Rock r., which crosses the county diag- onally, and Beaver Dam r., and other of its branches. Koshkonong lake, through which Eock r. flows, is in tbe S. W. comer, and it has several fine ponds, which, with the streams, supply abundance of water-power. Surface varied, parts are hilly and rough, and parts quite marshy; soil fer- tile, verj- productive on Rock r. and the streams generally, and most is heavily timbered, there being little prairie. Grain and grass thrive equally, and this is a fine farming county. Manufactures are increasing, and already of much importance. Farms 9S2 ; manuf. 74 ; dwell. 2,934, and pop. — wh. 15,314, fr. col. 3— total 15,317. Capitol: Jefferson. Public Works : Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R. Jefferson, p. v., and cap. Jackson county, Ga. : 79 m. N. by W. Millcdgeville. It contains a courl-house, an acad- emy, and a few stores. JEFFEjaoN, p. v.. Clinton co., Ind.: 4 m. "W. Frankfort, 42 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. , Jefferson, p. v., Cook co.. III. : on N. branch of Chicago r, 179 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Jefferson, t and p. v., Lincoln co., Me. : at the head of Damariscotta r., IS m. E. S. E. Augusta. The t. embraces a large part of Damariscotta Pond, and has many mill streams, which are used to saw great quantities of lumber. It has a good soil and several manufactories of leather and woolens. Pop. of t. 2,228. Jefferson, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : about 4 m. from the Potomac. 77 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It lies between Catoetin cr. and mountain, and has several stores and 350 inhabitants. Jefferson, t and p. v., Coos co., N. /lamp. : 79 m. N. Concord. Drained by Israel's r. and its branches, which fur- nish water-power. John's r. rises in Pondicherry Pond, in the S. "W. corner. Surface mountainous ; soil in the lower parts fertile, and generally good pasture. The v. has 8 stores and a few dwellings. Pop. of t. 629. Jefferson, v., Chemung co., N. Y. : at the S. end of 6eneca lake. 165 m. W, Albany. It has a fine landing, and 334 a steamboat plies daily to Geneva, at the other end of the lake, which never freezes over. It contains several hotels, stores, and warehouses, 9 floor, plaster, and lumber mills, and 1,000 inhabitants. The Canandalgua and Elmira 11. R. passes the v. 21 ra. from Elmira. Two papers are pubUshcd, the "American Standard" and "Corona Borealis." Jefferson, t and p. v., Schoharie oo., 2^. Y. : 47 m. W. by S. Albany, Surface mountainous, the high hills forming the watershed between the affluents of the Hudson and Delaware; soil unproductive, except in the valleys. Farming and grazing form the chief business. Pop. of town 1,74S. Jefferson, p. v., and cap. Ashe co., Al C7 m. S. S. W. Albany. jEFrEKSoNTiLLE, p. V., Clark CO., Tnd. : at the head of the falls on the Ohio, 103 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. It lies on elevated ground, has a fine landing, and is the site of the Slate Prison. Steamboats are built here, and it h.is great facilities for trade and commerce, lying opposite LouisviUe, and being connected by railro.ad with the interior. It con- tains a United States land office, several large stores and warehouses, and about 3,000 inhabitanta. The Jefferson- ville U. K. terminates here. Jeffeibontille, p. o., Twiggs CO., Oa. : 27 m. S. by W. Millcdgcville. Jeffeesonttlle, p. v., Fayette co., Ohio : 35 m. S. w . Columbus. Jeffersonvillf, p. v.. Montgomery co., Penn. : near the Schuvlliill, ST m. E. by S. Itarrisburg. Jeffeesosville, p. v., Lamoille eo.,rerm..- on Lamoille river, 29 m. N. K. W. Montpelier. It has small manufac- tories, several stores, and 850 inhabitants. Jeffbess' Stoke, p. o., Nottoway co., Tlrg. : 45 m. S. W. EicUmond. .Tf.ffey's Creek, p. o., Marion dist., ,?. Car. : on a branch of Gre.1t Pcdee r. so called, 79 m. E. Columbia. Jellowat, p. v., Knox county, Oldo : 41 m. N. E. Columbus. ,Teka, p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : Vti m. N. W. by W. Montgomery. Jenkin's BKrooE, p. v., St. Clair co. Mo.: on WarWow cr. of the Osage, 86 m. S. W. by W. .leflerson City. .Jexki.n'8 Store, p. o., Union co., K Car. : 99 m.W.S.W. Ealeigh. Jexkintown, p. v., Montgomery county, Penn. : 85 m. E. Harrisburg. Jesnek'b CE068 EoADB, p. T., Somersetco., Penn. : 117 m. W. llarrisburg. Jr.NNEBSTiLLE, p. V., Chcster CO., Penn.: 69 m. E. by S. llarrisburg. It contains several stores, and about 800 in- haliilants. Jkssikos county, fnd. Situate S. E., ami contains S5S sq. m. Drained by Vernon and Graliam forlis of Muscata- turlc r.. Sand cr., and llu'ir numerous branches, all flowing W. into White r. Surface rugged and hrolien, with several beech flats. Soil of good fertility near the streams; the beech flats at their heads are used only for grazing. It h;i3 good water-power, aliundance of excellent timbor, flne limestone-quarries, much used for building, and a millstone- quarry. Com, wheat, and pork are farraingst.aples. Farms 1,208; manuf 73: dwell. 2.0C4, and pop,— wh. 11,773, fr. col. 323 — total 12,096. Capititl : Veruon. PuUie Wori-jt : Madison and Indianai)olis E. E. Jennings, p. o., Franklin county, Iml. : 66 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Jennings, p. o., Ilamilton county, Floi: : 69 m. E. Tallahassee. Jenning's Gaf, p. 0., Augusta co., rirg.: on E. side of Shenandoah mountains, 123 m.W. N. W. Eichmond. North river, a branch of the .Tames, rises here, and branches of the Shenandoah in the vicinity. .Jf_nxin-o'3 Okdinabv, p. o., Nottoway co., Virg.: 45 ra. 8. W. Eichmond, on the Eichmond and Danville K. E., 60 m. from Eichmond (by cars). Jenny Ljsd, p. o., Chatham county, K Car.: 46 m. W. Eoleigh. Jenny Lisd, p. 0., Sebastian county, Art. : 123 m. W. Little Eoek. Jericho, p. v.. Perry co., Ala. : near Catawba r., 64 m. N. W. by W. Montgomery. jEElcno, p. v.. Queens co., K T. : about 2 m. from tho Sound and Long Island E. E., 129 m. S. .'*. E. Albany. It has 2 hotels, several stores, and 800 inhabitants. Jericho, p. o., Wayne co., iV. Car. : 41 m. S. E. Ealeigli. Jekicuo, t. ami p. v., Chittenden co., Fctto. .■ on N. sido of Onion r., 26 m. N. W. by W. Montpelier. Drained N. by Brown's r. of the Lamoille, which afliirds good water- power. Surface moderately uneven, and soil good ; pasture on the hills, and fine meadows on the streams. The Ver- mont Central E. E. passes througli the S.W. part. Tlie v. is in the N. on Brown's r., and has several mills and factories, and 600 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,839. jEEicno, p. v., Kane co., JU. : near Big Eock cr. of Fox river, 149 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Jericho Centre, p. v., Chittenden county, rerm. : 22 m. N.W. by W. Monlpeher. It contains a hotel, several stores, and 40 dwellings. Jeesioan, p. 0., Orange county, Flor. : 22S m. S. E. Tallahassee. Jbrome, t. and p. v.. Union co., Ohio : on Big Darby cr., IS m. N. W. Columbus. The t. has a roUing surface and fertile soil, with some mill-power. Tho v. has a few stores and 200 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,249. Jerome, p. v., Howard co., Tiul. ; on the N. sido Wild Cat cr., 46 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Jeromesville, p. v., Ashland county, Ohio : on Wal- honding r., e"* m. N. N. E. Columbus. Jersey county. III. Situate W. centrally, and contains 320 sq. m. Drained N. by Macoupin cr., W. by Illinois r., S. by the Mississippi, aud by their affluents. Surface gen- er.ally level ; soil very productive of com and wlieat, and excellent grazing land. On the Mississippi are blufli!, 100 or 200 feet high, of alternate limjjstnne and sandstone strata, and through the county coal is found just below the surface. There is some prairie, but timber is plenty. Farms 645 ; manuf. 44 ; dwell. 1,222, and pop.— wh. 7,300, fr. col. 54— total 7,354. Capital : JerscjTiUe. Jersey, t and p. v.. Licking county, Ohio : 17 m. N. E. Columbus. The t. has a rich soil and some water-power. Pop. 1.230. Jersey, p. v., Oakland Co., 3fieh. : 66 m. E. Lansing. Jersey City, p. city, and p. of entry, Hudson co„ M J. : on the W. bank of Hudson river, opposite the city of New York, and connected with it by steam ferries. Incorpor.ated in 1S20, and in 1S51 the v. of Harsimus, Pavonia.etc, were annexed. The streets run at right angles along and from the river front. There are several imporUant manufactories here, as soap, glass, iron, pottery, ropes, starch, etc., and ship-building, and it has good wharves. The Cunard Steamships' Dock is here, and much business is created by tho Morris Canal and the railroads terminating at this point Southern and Western travel from New York City jiroperiy commences at Jersey City. Pop. of the city proper, 0,856, or with its recent accessions, 11,473. Jersey Peairte, p. o., Cass Co., JU. : 31 m. W. by N. Springfield. Jersey Settlesient, p. o., Davidson co., N. Car. : 92 m. W. Ealeigh. Jersey Shore, p. b., Lycoming co., Penn. : on N. sido of W. branch of Stisquehanna r., 73 m. N. by W. llarris- burg. It lies in a great coal and iron region, and has a large trade, some small mannfiictorics, a dozen stores, and 725 inhabitants. A furnace and forge is 4 m. dist-int. Tho Pennsvlvania Canal p-asses through the b. 53 m. from Nor- thumh'eriand. The "Jersey Shore EepubUcan" (dem.) is issued weekly. Jebseytown, p. v., Montour co., Penn. : 56 m. N. by b. narrisburg. It contains two stores, a high school, and 200 inhabitants. Jeeseyville, p. v., and cap. Jersey county, III. : 5J m. S W by S. Springfield. Situate near Jersey Prairie, and contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and 200 inhal)- "^J^trsALEM, t. and p. v., Yates co., K. Y. : on the W. side of Crooked Lake, 187 m. W. Albany. Surface somewhat hilly ; sou a fertUe loam, yielding good grass and gram. JER JOH Farming is the chief occupalion. The v. has two hotels, a high school, several stores, and 400 inhabitants. Popula- tion oft, 2,912. Jekusalkm, p. v., and cap. Southampton co., Yirg. : on the N. side of Nottoway r., 62 m. S. by E. Kiohraond. It contains a court-house, jail, two hotels, and a few houses and stores. Jkkitsalkm, p. 0., Davie co., JV. Cur, : 106 m.W. by N. EalL-iu:b. jF,i:t'SALEM, p. v., Monroe county, Ohio: 97 m. E. by 8. Columbus. jKituBALKii Mills, p. c, Harford CO., 3f'f.: on E. side of Little Gunpowder Falls, 41 m. X. by E. Annapolis. Jerusalem Sodth, p. v., Queens co., 3\ ¥. : 137 m. S. Albany— a small village settled by Friends. Jessamin-e county, Ky. Situate N. centrally, and contains 1S4 sq. m. Bounded S. E., S., and S. "W. by Kentucky r., and drained by Hickman and Jessamine creeks. Surface uneven, alTording fine mill-seats: soil ver>" good, equally for grain and grass. Large numbers of sheep and swine are raised. Farms G51; mauuf. 07; dwell. 1,093, and pop- — wh. 6,'2S9, fr. col. 185, si. 3,&25— total 10,249. CajyiUil: Kicbolaaville. Public ^Vorka : Lexington and Danville E. R. Jesse's Store, p. o., Shelby co., Ky. : W. Frankfort Jessut's CtTT, sta., Anne Arundel co., Md. : on 'Washing- ton Branch K. E., 14 m. from Ealtimnre. Jetersville, p. 0., AmeUa co., Virg. : 41 m. W. S. "W. Richmond. Jewett, t. and p. v., Greene county, X. Y. : 32 m. S. "W. Albany. Drained by heads of Schoharie cr. Surface un- even, and soil mostly fertile. Fanning is largely carried on. The v. has a hotel and several dwellings. Population oft. 1,451. Jewett Centre, p. v., Greene co., Al 5'.; 35 m. S. 'W. Albany. Jewett Cnr, p. v., New London co., Cotui. : on the E. side of Quinnebaug r., at the junction of the Patchaug. 3S m. E. S. E. Hartford. The rivers have a large fall here, which furnishes abundance of water-powor. The v. has several largo cotton factories, a bank, academy, machine-shop, and 1,500 inhabitants. Its trade is considerable. On the Nor- wich and "Worcester R. Pv.. IG m. from Norwich. Jim Town, p. o., Monongalia co., Virg. : 209 m. N. "W. Richmond. Joanna Furnace, p. v., Berks county, Pevn. : 53 m. E. Ilarrisburg. A furnace of 1,000 tons capacity is located here. JoBE, p. o., Oregon co., 3fo. : 103 m. S. S. E. Jefferson City. •TonsTOwN, p. v., Burlington co., K Jer. : 12 m. S. S. E. Trenton. Jo Daviess county, 7/^. Situate N. "W. comer, and con- tains 594 sq. ra. Drained by Sinainewa, Fevre, Small Pox, Apple, liusb, and Plum rivers, affluents of the Mississippi, Its W. boundary. Surface undulating and in parts broken; soil generally very good. A good farming county, with some water-power, but its minerals engross almost exclusive attention. It is in the heart of the great lead region of N. "W. Illinois, S. W. "Wisconsin, and E. Iowa, and its lead mines are apparently inexhaustible, the amount exportt^d from Galena in 1S51 being more than 33,000,000 pounds. Copper of excellent quality is abundant ; considerable silver, and even gold, has been found ; and limestone, freestone, and sanilstone exist through the county. Farms 1,370; manuf. 279: dwell. 3.431, and pop.— wh. t$,3S6, fr. col. 21S — toUal 1S,604. CitjAtal: Galena, Public ^Vorks: Central Illinois K. R. John's, p. o., Liberty county, Ttw.: 171 m. E. 8. E. Austin City. I JouN's river, K Ramp.: rises in JefR-rson, Coos co.. an' fertile. The Iowa is navigable part of the year, and furnishes excellent water- power above Iowa City. It has quarries of fine building stone, beautifully variegated, and knoivn as " bird's-eye marble." Farms 377; manuf. 19; dwell. 799, and pop.— wh. 4,450, fr. col. 22— total 4,472. Capital: Iowa City, Public Works: Lyons and Iowa City K. E. ; Caniancbe and Iowa City R. R.; Davenport and Council Bluffs R.R.; Dubuque and Keokuk R. R., etc. Johnson county, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains 379 sq. m. Drained by "W. fork of Big Sandy r. and Big Paint cr. Surface elevated and uneven; soil well adapted to grazing. Cattle and hogs are the leading products. Farms 504; manuf. 5; dwell. 60?, and pop.— wh. 3,S43, fr. col. 0, si. 30— total 8,S73. Capital: Painesville. Johnson county, Mo, Situate "W. centrally, and contains S09 sq. m. Drained by Black "Water r.. flowing into Mis- souri r., and Panther r., a branch of the Osage. Surface slightly broken, with excellent timber and good mill streams ; soil fine, generally, and superior for grazing. Com and pork are the staples, and some tobacco is grown. Farms 750; manuf. 2S; dwell. 1,0.'10, and pop.— wh. 6,573, fr. col. 12, si. 879— toml 7,464. Capitivm.\ and "F. County Re- publican" (whig), are published weekly. Population of town 6,181. T 2 Johnstown, p. v.. Licking co,, Ohio: 21 m. N. E. Co- lumbus. It contains 3 ehurches, several large stores, a high .school, and 357 inliabitaiits. Johnstown, p. b., Cambria co., Penn. : at the junction of Stony cr. and Kiskiniinitas r., 114 m. "W. by N. Ilarri^- burg. It is regularly laid out, has good water-power, some manufactures, and 2,nori inhabitants. There are 4 furnac'-s near here, with an agtrregate capacity of 7.000 tons. The Pennsylvania Canal and R. R. pass through the borough So m. from Pittsburg. Two newsj>apers, the " Echo" (dem.), and "Valley 'NVre.iih" (whig\ are jiublished weekly. Johnstown, t. and p. v., Rock co., Wine. : S4 m. S. E. Madison. The town has an undulating surface, and a soil adapted to grain. Fine limestone is quarried in this viein- ity. The v. has several st'jrcs and workshops. Population of town 1.571. Johnstown Centre, p. v., Rock co,, Tr?,sc. ; .33 m. S. E. Madison. JoHNSviLLE, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: 51 m.T\'. by S. Columbus. JOHNSVTLLE. p. V., Frodcrick CO., 3A?. ; near Sam's cr.. 52 m. N. 'W. Annapolis. The v. is not large, but surrounded by excellent farms. JoLiKT. p. v.. and cap. "^ill Co., 777. ; on the O'Plain r..l4S m. N. E. by N. Springfield. The r. affords valuable waler- powcr. which is used for several factories and mills. Tho jirincipal budilings are a eourt-honse, jail, an academy, sev- eral fine hotels and churehes. and large warehouses. The Illinois and Michigan Canal passes through the v.. and tlie Chicago and Rock Island R. R. 40 m. from Chicago. The '■Joliet Signal" (dem.), and the "True Democrat" (whig), are published weekly. Pop. about 2,700. Joi.LT, i. and p. v., ^'ashington co., Ohio : 79 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Pop. of 1. 1 .(H5. JoLLYTowx, p. v., Greene co., Penn.: ISO m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. Jonathan's Creek, p. o., TTaywond co.. A' Car. : near a branch of Big Pigeon r. so called, 240 m. "W. Raleigh. Jones county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and contains 316 sq. ra. Drained by Wrdnut and F.illtng creeks, affluents of Ocmulgee river, which touches its W. border. Snrraee somewhat broken, afPirding fine mill-streams ; soil very fertile, producing large cotton crops, a good yield of wheat and corn, and good pasturage. It has important manufac- tiiries of flour and iron ware. Farms 405; manuf. 15; dwell. 739. and pop.— wh. 3,803. fr. col. 4fi, ?1. 6.279— total 10.224. Capital: Clinton. Public Worka: Central Geor- gia R. R. Jones county, la. Situate E. cenlrally. and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Makoqueta r. and it* branches, Fall r. and Bear rr., and "^'apsipinieon r. and its hranches,Walnut and Buffalo creeks. Surface level or undulating. It has a fine soil for grain and iirass, i>lenly of timber, and good water-p<'Wer, The grains f-Tm the staple exports. Farms 225: manuf 8: dwell. 559,. and pop.— wh. 3.006, fr. col. 1— total 3.007. Capital : Anamosa. PiiUic Work^ : Dubutjue and Keokuk R.R. JoNF.3 county. }fisf. SituateS.E,. and contains 7S.9 sq.m. Drained by Bogue Ilume, Tallaha, and Leaf creeks, sfflu- uents of Pascagoula r. Surface slightly uneven, and soil of moderate fertility. Com, cattle, and swine are the chief products. Farms 274; manuf. 0; dwell. 319, anrl p<»p.— wh. 1,SS7, fr. col. 3, si. 274^total 2,164. Capital: Ellis- ville. JoNTS county. X. Car. Situate S. E., and contains 329 sf]. ra. Drained by Trent r.. which flows i:. into the Xcuse. Surface level, and mueh of it low and marshy ; soil, in parts, very fertile — in others, waste, irreclaimable land. Cotton is Uie chief product; com is a large crop, and the marshes produce rice. Fartns 240 ; maruif. 14 ; dwell. 440, and pop. — wh. 2.139, fr. col. 142, si. 2,757— total 5,033. Capital : Trenton. 337 JON JUN Jones, p. o., Panola county, Tex. : 236 m, E. N. E, Austin City. Jones' Bh'ff, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : on the right bank of Tombigbce r., lOS ra. W. by N. Montgomery. JoNisnoKOuGH, p. v., Grant co., Ind. : on Miasissinewa r., 54 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. JoNESBORouGB, p. V., Jeffcrson CO., Ala. : 79 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. JoNFSBORoiTon, p. V., Fayctto co., Ga. : 76 ra. W. N. "W. Milledgeville. The Macon and Western R. R. passes through the V. 79 m. from Macon, and 22 from Atlanta. JoNEPBOROCon, p. v., and cop. Union county, //;. .* 167 m. S. by E. Springfield. It contains a court-house, jail, a few large stores, and 300 inhabitauta. The *' J. Gazette" (dcm.) is issued weekly. JoNESBououcn, t. and p. v., Washington Co., Me, : at the head of Englishman's Bay, 114 niik-s E. by N. Augusta. Chandler's r. flows through the t., affording water-power, at the mouth of which the v. lies. Pop. oft. 466. JoNESBORouGu, p. V., Saline co., Jfo. : on Salt fork of La Mine r., 61 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. JoNESBOROUGH, p. V., and CQp. "Washington co,. Term. : 239 m. E. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-houso, jail, two academies, and about 500 inhabitants. JoNESBOROUGU, p. v:, Bruuswick county, Virff. : 53 m. S.W. by S. Richmond. Jones' Ci:eek, p. o., Randolph co., III. : on the cr. so called, and near the Mississipiti, 137 m. S. Springfield. Jones' Creek, p. o., Liberty county, Ga.: 76 m. S. E. Milledgeviile. Jones' Mills, p. c, Yallabusha co., Mias. : 109 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Jones' Mills, p. o., M'Nairy co., Teim. : 123 m. S. W. Kashville. Jones' Mills, p. c, Merriwether county, Ga. : S3 m. W. Milledgeviile. Jones' Mills, p. v., Westmoreland co., Peiin. : 147 m. W. Harrisburg. Jones' Nurbekt, p. o., Clark oounly, Ky. : 51 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. JoNESPORT, t. and p. o., Washington county. Me. : 112 m. E. by N. Augusta. It has an excellent harbor, and is engaged in ship-building, the fisheries, and coasting trade. Pop. S2G. Jones's, sta., Hamilton co., Ohio : on the Cincinnati, Uamilton, and Dayton R. R., 20 m. from Cincinnati. Jones's SwiTon, sta., Morgan co.. III. : on the Sangamon and Morgan R. R., 39 m. from Springfield. Jones' Tan-yard, p. o., Calloway co., Mo. : 34 m. N. E. Jefferson City. Jonestown, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn.: at the junction of Great and Little Swatara creeks, 24 m. E. N. E. Harris- burg. It contains several stores,and 616 iniiabilants. Near the V. is a forge produeing annually 150 tons of bars. Jonesyille, p. v., Hillsdale co., Mich. : on E. side of St. Joseph r. of Lake Michigan, 49 m. S. Lansing. There is fine water-power here and extensive mills, nianuf:icturing flour, woolens, coarse cottons, and machinery. It has a considerable amoimt of trade. The Michigan Southern m E. R. passes through the village 75 m. from Monroe. The "JonesvilleTelegr.aph*' (neutral) is published weekly, and the " Union S. S. Visitor" (religious), semi-monthly. Popu- lation 565. Jonesyille, p. v., Saratoga co., N. Y. : 17 m. N. by W. Albany. Jonesyille, p. o., Yadkin co., 2^. Car.: on the S. side of Yadkin r., 122 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. Jonesyille, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio: near Sunflsh creek, 110 m. E. by S. Columbia. Jonesyille, p. v.,rnion district, S. Car. : about 3 m. from Pacolet r., 69 m. N. N. W. Columbia. Jonesyille, p, v., Harrison county, Tac. : 241 m. N. E. Austin City. JoNiaviLLE, p. v., Cliittcnden co., Vi'rm. : on N. side of 33S Onion r., 19 m. W. N. W. Montpelier, on the Jine of the Vermont Central R. K., 23 m. from Burlington. Jonesyille, p. v., and cap. Lee co., Virff. : on a branch of Powell's r., about 6 m. from the Cumberland mountains, 316 m. W. by S. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, a few stores, and 300 inhabitants. JoppA, sta., Plymouth county, Mafis. : on Bridgcwater Branch of Old Colony R. R., 26 ra. from Boston. Jordan, p. v., Onondaga co,, ^V. }', ; on the outlet of Skeneateles Lake, 141 m. W. by N. Albany. It o:»ntnins 4 churches, 6 hotels, 15 stores, several flouring and saw mills, and manufactories of wooden ware. The Eric Canal passc-a through the v. 19 m. W. Syracuse. Pop. of v. 1,600. Jordan's Mills, p. o., Orangeburgh dist., £. Car. : on a branch of South Edisto r., 87 m. S. by W. Columbia. Jordan's Prairie, p. o., JelTerson co., III. : 108 m. S. S. E. Springfield. Jordan's Saline, p. v., and cap. Yanzandt county, Tev. : near the Sabine r., 197 m. N. E. Austin City. It coniains a court-house, a few stores, and 150 inhabitants. In the vicin- ity are salt springs of much value, and excellent pasture land. Jordan's Store, p. o.,WiUiamson co.,Tenn, : 26 m. S.W. Nashville. Jordan's Vallet, p. o., Rutherford co., Tenri. : 26 ra. S. E. Nashville. JoRDANviLLE, p. v., Herkimer CO., A\ F. : 131 m.W. N.W. Albany. Josco, t and p. v., Livingston co., Mic7i. : 37 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Drained by heads of Cedar r. Surface undulat- ing ; soil sandy loam. A fiirming town. Pop. of t. 6-15. Josephine, p. o., Woodford co., ///. : on a branch of Mackinac cr., 76 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Joy, p. v., WajTie co., A^. Y. : 1S2 ra. W. by N. Albany. JoYNEii's Dep6t, p. v., Edgecombe co., K. Car. : 46 m. E. by N. Raleigh. The sla. is on theWilmington and Weldon R. E., 38 m. from Weldon, and 126 from Wilmington. JuDA, p. v., Greene county, Wise: 34 m. S. by W. Madison. JcLiA Dean, p. o., Daviable of being worked, and all above the level of the river. The largest is said to have an aggregate thickness of 'J4 feet. The cannel-coal is said to be equal to any of this kind in the world. About loo m. from the mouth arc the Great Falls, where there is a single perjjendicular descent of 50 feet. The principal affluents are the Elk, Coal, and Greenbrier rivers ; the other tributaries are uumcrous, and alTord very extensive water- powers. Kane county, lU. Situate N. E., and contains 54-3 sq. m. Drained by Fox r., a branch of the Illinuis, whirh flows S. through the F. part. Surface level or rolling; soil of groat fertility, and well cultivated— a superior farming co. On the branches of Fox r. is fine water-j>ower and timber, and limestone is abundant. Farms 1,015; mannf. 49; dwell. 2,S2S, and pop.— wh. 10,096, fr. col. (i— total 10,70-2. Cajii- tal: Geneva. Public ^Vi) inhabitant-s. Kendall eounly, /If. Situate N. E., and conlaius 324 s<[. m. Drained by Fox r., which crosses the N. W., and in (he S. E. by Au Sable r., a small branch of Des Plairiesr. Surface level or undulating; soil fertile, and much of it j)niirie, with timber on a few streams. It has considerable water-power and large dep'.sei)y"8, p. o., Brunswick co., Vl/'g. : G3 m. S. S. W. Eichmond. KENNEnT^nLLE, p. V., SteubeQ county, A'. Y. : ISS m. W. by 8. Albany. The v. hes on the Bulfalo, Corning, and New York 14. E., 24 m. from Coming. It contains several stores and workshops, and about 2G0 inhabitants. Kennkuee, p. o., Marshall county, Ala.: 136 m. N. Montgomery. KE.NXErr'3 Squaee, p. v., Chester county, Penn.: 71 ra. E. 8. E. Uarrisburg. It contains a Quakers' meeting-house and about a score of dwellings. Kf-NKos, p. o., Belmont county, Ohio: S9 m. E. by N. Columbus. KENNossECEGn, p. o., Guernsey co., Ohio : S5 m. E. by N. Columbus. Kenosha county, TTuc. Situate S. E. comer, and con- tains 2S2 sq. m. Drained by Fox and Des Plaiues (or O'Plain) rivers, wliich flow 8. into Illinois r. Surface gently undulating; soil a fertile prairie for the most part, and very productive of the grains and grasses. Its stock is very fine and dairies Large. There is some timber on the streams, but where wanting, the lake supplies lumber and coal. Limestone is quarried on the rivers. Farms 914; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 1,S12, and pop.— wh. 10,714, lir. col IS— total 10.732. CajyiUd: Kenosha. Kenosua, p. v., and cap. Kenosha co., TFi.sc. ; on Lake Michigan, 89 m. E. S. E. Madison, 10 m. S. Kacine. lias an excellent harbor, and commands the trade of one of tho finest farming districts in the world, the prairies of the county being of the richest and most beautiful character of the West. Two small creeks empty into the lake, ono above and the other below the port. Kenosha was former- ly called Southport. The location is very deshable aud pleasant : its shipping interests are likely to improve. Pop. 3,4C0. Kessico, p. T., Westchester co., if. T. : on the Harlem E. H., 126 m. by route from Alb.any. Kensington, p. v., Hartford co.. Conn.: on a S. branch of Little r., 14 m. S. 8. W. Hartford. The New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield E. K. passes it about a mile to tho east. The v. has several manufactures, etc. Kensington, p. v., Oakland Co., Mich. : on Woodruff cr., a branch of Huron r., 4G m. W. S. W. Lansing. A thriving T., surrounded by a rich farming district, and it has several flourishing mills and about 200 inhabitants. Kensington, t. and p. v., Eockingham co., JK Hamp. : 30 m. 8. E. Concord. Surface is nearly level and almost without streams. The v. h.is several stores. Pup. of t 7(10. Kensington, t. and p. v., Philadelphia CO., Pcnn. : 90 in. E. by S. Harrisburg. Although under a separate govern- ment, Kensington is in reality a part of Philadelphia and a suburb of that city. It is situate N. E. on the Delaware, and contains a large number of industrial establishments for the manufacture of cotton and woolen goods, etc., and has also mamifactures of iron, glass, etc. Ship-building is also extensively carried on. It has a large wholesale and re- tail trade. Dwellings 7,665, families 9,066, and pop. 40,770. Kent county. Ifel. Situate centrally, and contains 614 sq. m. Drained by Duck, Little, Jones, Motherkill, and MispiUion creeks, emptying into Delaware Bay, and Nan- ticoke and Choptank rivers, flowing into Chesapeake Bay. Surface moderately uneven; soil mostly very productive. Corn, wheat, rye, and oats are the chief crops, and great numbers of cattle and sheep are reared. It has some water-power, and exports considerable lumber. Farms 1,055; mnimf. 121 ; dwell. 8.S73, and pop.— wh. 16,119, fr. col. 6,850, si. 317— total 22,316. Ctipital : Dover. Pulllt Works: a projected railroad fl-om New York to Norfolk (air line). Kent county, Md. Sitnato N. E., and contains 272 sq. m. It has Sassafras r. on the N., Chesapeake Bay on the W., and Chester r. on tlie S.. and a few creeks flowing into tbeee. Surface high and rolling; soil fertile. Corn, wheat, KEN KEN oats, and ewect potatoes are the lea'.ling products of tlie soil. Marl and lime, from slicll beds, are abunf. Y. : S4 m. S. Albany. Drained by Jiead branches of Croton r. Surface generally hillj' — in the N. mountainous. Pop. 1,557. Kent, p. o., Indiana co., Fenn.: about US m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Kent, p. v., Jefferson county, Jiut: 73 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. Kent island, 3fd.: the largest and most important island of Chesapeake Bay, containing 42 sq. m. of surface. The first settlement williin the present limits of the State was made on this island by Claiborne, and here is tlie scene of many interesting events in the early colonial history of the State. It lies niii)Osite Annapi'Iis. Kknton county, A'>/. Situate in most N. point, and con- tains 145 sq. m. Drainec co., Me. : 13 m. W. N. W- Augusta. THE STATE OF KENTUCKY. Kentucky is separated from Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois by the Ohio Piver, which demarks its n'Tth boundarj-; and from Missouri by the Mississippi Piver, its western boundary. The east boundary is formed chiefly by Big Sandy PiVer and tiie Cumberland Mountains, which separate it from Virginia, and on the south llie boundary is co-terminus with the north boundary of Tcimessee. The State lies generally between the latitudes 30° 30' and 39^ 12' N., and between the longitudes 82^ 02' and ^9° 40' W. from Greenwich, or 5° 00' and 12° 3S' W. from Washington. Its greatest length on the paralUd of Cairo, in Illinois, is SGS miles, and its greatest width on the meridian of North Bend, in Ohio, is ICS miles; but the irregularity of its outline in some parts narrows its width to 40 miles, as on the east line of Graves County, and ita lenglli varies as nmch as 100 miles from a maximum. The estimated land area of the State is 37,030 square miles. The fiice of the country may be generally described as level or moderately uneven. The levels, however, are not like a carpet, but are interspersed wifh small risings and declivities, which make a scene of varying interest. In the soulli-east the Cumberland Mountains, which form the boundary toward Virginia, except from this character; but even here no great elevations are attained, yet they give to that portion of the country a nigged and mountainous aspect, and their numerous spurs or offshoots, projecting quite into the middle of the State, render tlie surface of the whole eastern division somewhat broken and hilly. Farther westward the country becomes undulating, abounding in bold featnrt«, although tlie hills are much less abrupt than in the east, and gradually sirdc down with more rounded forms and gentler acclivi- ties, until merged into the almost level plains of the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi rivers. Along the Ohio, and extending from 10 to 20 miles in different places from it, are the Ohio Hills, parallel with that beautiful stream. These hills are often high, generally gracefully rounded and conical, with narrow vales and bottoms around their bases, and give to the country through which they extend a rough appearance ; they are covered with lofly forests, and have often a good soil on their sides and summits ; and the alluvial bottoms between them and the Ohio, and along the streams which fall into that river, are of the ricliest description. In the geology of Kentucky the blue limestone occupies a conspicuous place ; it forms the surface rock in a large part of the State, and is used for building purposes. Among the cliffs of the Kentucky Piver is found an excellent marble, capable of a fine polish. The cliff limestone is the base of the Ohio Falls at Louisville; the slate or shale is very common, bituminous, and supports combustion, and contains iron pyrites and ores, giving rise to mineral springs. The sand or freestone extends from Danville to Louisville, etc., and is used in the arts, and even for grindstones. The cavernous limestone, as its name imports, gives rise to many eaves, the most famous of which is the Mammoth Cave (smprts9 of above liiO miles .squart; is found one of the most fertile and extraordinary countries on which the sun has ever shone. The soil is of a loose, deep, and black mold, without sanrl — on lirst-ralo lauds, from two to three feet deep, and exceedingly luxuriant in all its productions. It is well watered byline springs and streams, and its beautiful climate andthesalubrity of the country arc unequalcd,tlic winter, even, being seldom so inclement as to render tJie housing of cattle necessary. In a state of nature, nearly the whole surface of this region was covered with a dense forest of majestic trees, and a close undergrowth of gigantic reeds, forming what in tho country are called eanc- hrakes. In iJic southern part, however, on the head waters of Oreeu Kiver and its tributaries, is an extensive tract, thinly wooded, and covered insuTumerwilh high grass growing amid scattered and stunted oaks : alnick with the contrast this re- gion presented to tho luxuriant forests of the neighboring districts, the first settlers gave the country the unpromising name of *' barrens." As a general thing, the term is by no means appropriate. There are, indeed, portions of the barrens, which are known as the ^nohs^thal are too sterile and rugged to admit of cultivation; but tho soil is generally productive, although not of the first quality, and is well suited for grazing. There are also tracts in the mountain regions and portieeswax and honey ; and only one cxct.M?ds it in its home-made manufactures. The cash value of ita farms makes it fourth in the list of States in point of agricultural wealth, and only three other States possess a greater wealth in live-stock, and one other equals it in the latter rciipcct. And yet, with all this vast amount of wealth and production, not one-half of its surface was under cultiva- tion in 1849-50, to which period the above returns refer. Nature has been most bountiful to this State in its noble rivers and useful sfroams. Beside the great peripheral waters, the Ohio, Mississippi, etc., several large and important water-courses traverse the interior, and, with the single exception of the Upper Cumberland, these fi<)W in a uniform direction from south-east to north-west; and while the Ohio is tho recipient of all the great rivers of the State, the Mississijipi only receives a few inconsiderable streams of trifling use as avenues of commerce. The Sandy. Licking, Kentucky, and Cumberland rise in the same region in the mountains of tho south-east The Jientncl-t/ is a rapid stream, running, like the other rivers of the State, in a deep channel with a rocky bed and generally perpendicular banks; it flows through a rich and highly cultivated countrj', and in high st:iges of tho water is navigable for steamboats to Frankfort, CO miles, and for flat boats about 100 miles further. The I.icAing, wliich also flows through a rich region of country, enters the Ohio, c)pposite Cincinnati, and affords boat navigation for about SO miles. &iU liiee/' rises in the centre of the State; it has a great volume of water in proportion to the length of its course, and is navigable for boats for 100 miles. It receives from the south a large tributary, called the Rolling Fork, Gre^ii Kive)\ likewise, rises in the centre of the State, and takes a westerly course, until having received the Cig Barren Kiver KENTUCKY. from the south, it turns to the norlh-wc?t; it li;ts ^ guntle current, with grt-tit duplh of «■ liter. Steanitionts isf> up to Bowling Grocn, on the liig IJiirreii, ISd rnilt-s, ;iml ll;it liouta luirend nearly to llie lie.-uls of tlie river. The Cuinberlaml h.Ts its sourees tinil it3_ nioutli in Kentueliv, liut tlie {.'reati-r part of its eourae is in Tennessee, liisin;; on tlie nesleru declivily of the Cumbcrltind Mountains, it iiasscs into tlie latter, and returning north, enters the Ohio in the former .'^late Ila course is .ihout 600 miles long, and steamhoaU go up to Nashville, Tenn., 2tin mill's, and in high stages of water eviil to liurkesville, in Kentucky. The Tennessee, being sei)arated from the Cutnherland by the monntains of that name, hua no portion of its headwaters in Kentucky, but it enters the State about TO miles .above its mouth, and ,aanvil!e ,. 21..BrookvilIe ,. 15..Jucksoii .. 13. .Ilardiiishurf; .. 14..Sliephcr<]sviIlo , . 8..Morgaiiltiwu . 3o..Eililyville . 7..Wadesh(iro' . . 12.. Newport . 17..CarrollU)n . T.. Grayson ,. 11.. Liberty . 77..II"pkinsviUe ,. 17..^Vinchester . ll..Munohcstcr . 3..AlUmy ,. 13..Maric.a . ll..Burkcsville. , . 13. .Owtmsboro' , . 4..Bruwiisvillo . 2. .Irvine .15G. .Lfxington . 96.. Flfuiingsburg . 4.,rrestonburgh . 62. .FCANKFUKT . 9..nkkmaa . 11.. Warsaw . 21.. Lancaster . 15. . Willianistown . 85..Mayncl.l . 14..LitcbfiL-ld . 20. .Grcensburgh . 20.. Greenup . 15. .Ilaweaville . 50. .Klizabethtowii . 0.. Harlan . 54. .Cynthiana . 12. .Munfiirdsville . 44.. Henderson . 75.. New Castle . 9.. Columbus . 10..MadisoQvilIe Cimnlies. JufTiT-Stin , . , , , fli>>;uruiie.. . . , •JiOinsuii , Kenton Knox Laurel La Hue Lawrence Lctclit-r , L<-wi.s Lincoln Livingston Logan M'Crackcn . . . Madison Marion Mar-sliall Mason Mead Mercer Monroe .Montgoini*ry. . Morgan Mublenburgb. Nulsun NichoUis Ohio Oldham Owen Owsley I'endford Ewell. .7,690. .1,093. . 60S, .2.8."j4. .1,000. . 071. . 845. . 9S9. . 410. .1,223. .1.145. . 915. .1.917. . 835. .I,M7. .1,428. . 865. .2.423. . 947. .1,702. .1,190. .1,103. .1,201. .1,451. .1,613. .1,497. .1,425. . ,1-60. .1,623. . 5SS . .1,067. . 471. . 9i'6. .2,2t;3. . "40. . 840. .1,566. .1,803. . 963. . SIO. . 971. .1,316. .1,281. . 805. ,1,140. ,1,798.. ,1.517., .1,359. ,1.214. ,1,058. .59.831. .10.249. . S.s-3. .17.03->. . 7,050. . 4.145. . 6.859. . 6,2sl. . 2,512. . 7,202. .10,093. . 6..57S. .10,5sl. . 6.067. .15,727. .11,765. . 5,269. .18,344. . 7,393. .14,007. . 7,756. . 9,903., . 7,620. . 9,809.. .14,789. .10,361. . 9.740., . 7,629. .10,444. . 8,774. . 6,774. , 2,192.. 5,.305.. .14,195.. . 4,697., . 5..3,19.. 14,946.. ,17,095.. 7,733.. , C,M2.. . T,250., .12.208.. .10,129.. , 5,96:3.. 9.012.. lr.,123.. 12,194.. , 8.692.. , 7,447.. 12,423.. Farm, incuit. . 677.. . 6.-.!.. . 604.. . 0.^0 . 667 . 284. . 420. . 6.05. . SJ3. . 651. . 614. . 4s5. .1,130. . 848. .I,ls5. . 963. . 415. . 859. . 4*9. . S^l. . 746. . 656. . 615. , 921. . 844. . "11. ,1,122. . 414.. . 917.. . 45l.. . 6»0.. , 396.. 44S.. ,1,628.. .441.. 005.. 75S.. ,1.2(j2.. 686.. 678.. . 648.. , 980.. , 843.. 469.. CSl.. 1,145.. ,807. . 929.. 980.. 630.. .014. .Louisville . 07. .Nicli'ilasvillo . 6..raintsvillc .109..Inde|i.n.lencc . 6. .IJarboursvUlo . O..I."ndr.n . 12..I,aIineC. ]I. . 10.. Louisa . . Whiteshurgh . 21..Clark.sburgh ,. 07.. Stanford . 13.. Salem . 4()..l;uss.lhille . .37..1';jdueah . '39. .Ilichmond . 47 . . lA'banon . "..Benton .211.. Washington . 7. .r.raiidenl)urg . 67..Harru(!.sburg . 9. .'rompkinsvillu . 32 Mount sterling . 0.. "West Liberty . 10.. Greenville . 52. .Ilardstrjwn . S3.. Carlisle . 24..1larlf.rd . 8..Westport . 16..(iweulnn . 26..Booneville . 7..]"ahn(uith . 0.. I'erry . 5..I'iket(m . 14.. Somerset . 3.. Mount Vcmoa 13.. Jamestown 59..(jeorgetowD 132..Slielliyville 37. .Franklin 13..TaylorsviIlc 22..CampbellsvilIo 23..Elkt(m 87.. Cadiz 19.. Bed ford T..Morganneld SS. .Bowling GrecQ 21..Springlleld 17..,\lorilieello 0.. "Whitley 98.. Versailles. The whole number of dwellings in the State was. at the above date, 130,769 ; of families, 132,920 ; and of inhabitants, 962,405: viz., whites 761,6^8— males :j92,s4(i, and fenjales 368,848; free colored 9.736— males 4,771, females 4 9li5, and slaves 210,981. Of the whole population there were, ihnf und dmnh—vh. 485, fr. col. 4, si. 50— t.>tiil 6i9; Uind—wh. 421, fr. col. 19, si. 90— total ,530; innane—vh. 48s, fr. col. 3, .si. 16— total 607, and irlu'tic—wh. 749, fr. col. 20, si. so— total S49. The number of free persons horn in the United St:itcs was 740,881, the number of foreign birth 29.189. and of birlh unknown 1.864; the native |iopulation originated as follows: Me. 227, N. Hamp. 225, Verm. 277. Mass. 00.6, 11. I. 220, Conn. 441, N. Y. 2,881, N. .ler. 1.249, Tenn. 7.491, Del. 607, M<1. 0,470, Dist. of Col. 170, Virg. 54,694, N. Car. 14.279, S. Car. 3,104, Ga. 892, Flor. 30, Ala. 792, Mi,ss. 657, La. 671, Tex. 71, Ark. 271, Tenn. 23,623, Kivfucki, 001.704, tlli. 9.9S5, Mich. 59, Ind. 5,893. 111. 1,049, Mo. 1,467, la, 59, Wise. 11, Territories 3; and the fornijn popuhition was composed of persons from— England 2,805, Ireland 9,466, Scottand 633, "Wales 171, Germany 13,607, France 1,U6, Spain 21, Portugal ua ;M5 KENTUCKY. 6, Belgium 27, Holland 33, Ilaly 143, Austria 12, Switzerland 279, Eussia 70, Denmark 7, Norway IS, Sweden 20, Prussia 19S, Sardinia 1, Greece 1, Asia 3, Africa 4, British America 275, Mexico 42, Central America 1, South America 2, West Indies 41, and other countries 183. The followiug tabic will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by Iho United Slates authorities : ColoreJ Persona. Decennial Increiuff. Census White , • ^ Total l3r.n. Mo^enienL 55,501.196 pounds . . . incr. 2,0C4,2S7 pounds, or 3S6 per cenL 40,936 tons ) 14,756 " 5-. ...i«cr. 110,352,610 " "49217 " 7,79.3,123 pounds ) 6,6SS " . . . deer. lO.OSS " " 65-20 " 303,200 " . . . deer. 833,256 " " 66-15 " Vf.-ir. Persons. Free. SlaTe. Total. Populalion. Numerk^al. i'ercent. ITHO 61,1-33 114 11,S30 11,944 73,077 — — ISOO 179.871 741 40,343 41,US4 220,955 147,S78 202.3 1>10 824,237 1,713 80.561 82,374 406,511 185,556 S4.3 1S20 4^,644 2.941 126,732 129,673 564.317 157,806 8=^.8 1S:J0 517,767 4.037 165,213 169.250 687.917 123,6i>0 21.9 1S40 590,253 7.317 1S3,253 1S9.575 779.S23 919,111 13.3 liSO 761,6S3 9,736 210,931 220,717 982,405 202,577 25.9 The sLitistics of the wealth, industry, productions, and institutions of the State, according to the census of 1S50, and other official returns referring to the same perio-made Mamtfactures for the year ending 1st June, 1350, were produced to the value of $2,456,S3S. In 1S40 the Bflme class of goods were valued at $2,622,462. Manufactureff. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc., used a»d consumed, $00,000,000; average number of hands employed, 00,000— males 0,000, and fL-malts 000; arcrage moBlbly cost of labor —male $000,000. and female $0,000 ; total value of products during the year, $tiO,000.000. The whole number of man- ufacturing establishments producing to the annutd value of $500 and upward was 8,471; and of these 3 were cotton factories, 25 woolen factories, 275 tanneries, and 45 iron works- 20 for the manufacture of castings, 21 for pig iron, and 4 for wrought iron. The cotton, manufacture employs a capital amounting to $239,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $180,907; average hands employfd—malcs 181, and females 221 ; entire wages per month to — males $2,707, and females $2,070; value of cnlu-e products during the year, $273,4^9. The annual quantity of cotton consumed was 3,760 b.-iles, and the products consisted of 1,003,000 yards of sheeting, etc., and 725,000 pounds of yarn. Mineral coal used, 720 tons. The iro^j/rH. manufactures employ a capital of $249,820; value of raw material consumed, $205,287; average hands employed— males 256, and females 02 ; monthly cost of Ial)or— male $3,919, and female $0S9 ; value of annual products, $318,819. The quantity of wool consumed was 673,900 pounds, and there were produced in the year S7S,0C4 yards of cloth. The capital invested in the tanverifis amounts to $763,455 ; Ihe value of raw material used was, in 1849-50, $537,147 ; the average numbernf hands employed— males 877, and females 2 ; at a monthly cost of labor— male $14,417, and female $9; skins tanned, 69,3S0 : and sides tanned, 392,400— together valued at $935,267. The iron interest is in accordance with the following schedule referring to the year 1S49-50: Specifications. Vis: Iron. Cast Iron. AVrctij^Iit Iron. Total. Capitalinvested dollars.... 924.700 502,200 176,000 l.Oo.'.OOO Ore used tons 7'.i,olO — — 72.010 Pig iron used " — 9,731 2,l>00 11.731 Blooms used " — — 1,600 j.GOO Mineral coal used " — 2.649 ■ — 2.6J9 Coke and charcoal used bushels. ..4,570,209 432,750 280,000 5.989,019 Value of all raw material, fuel, etc. .dollars. . . , 260,152 295,533 180,800 730,435 346 KENTOCST. Pif; Irnn. 1,S15 CjsI l.on. , 5r,8 , 1>3 2,586 10 20 13 sS'.i 30 8T,0D5 5 sCT 57 111 47 , ^3 l;ii) 24,245 . .. 5.^SS 3 070 . . . . . 33,203 li).u(i(i KUlOO Cili,u37 I44,iil(i 2i)9,700 1,G4S,U53 S|>ecirn:;iti(i[is. IlanJs employed — males number . " " females " Monthly cost of labor— male <.lullar3... " " female '* Iron produced tons Value of other products dollars. .. " entire products " The industrial establishmrnta of Kentucky, eoniiiriaril in the ntriiresate number, as l>efi'r(' ^iven. and not sju'eially re- fcrri'd lo, consist of the hanilierafls usiuilly foun the Gulf of Mexico and the ports of the Atlantic; and the Maysville and Big Sandy B. B., which will connect with the lines terminating at Kich- mond, Petersburg, and Norfolk in Virginia. Upward of 600 miles of these projected lines are now (January, 1S53) in process of construction, and a considerable length of the whole contemplated has been surveyed and partially located. The several railroads named (and others, no doubt, there are), when in full steam, will have a mighty effect nn Ihe inter- ests of llie State, even as local channels of trade; but when their importance to the North and South, being links in the great chains in those directions, is considered, their rery existence becomes the lever of all conncclion between the two divisions of the Union. In this point of view, Kentucky to the West of the mountains, and New Jersey to the East, are on a par, both essential to the building up of a national system of roads to connect the extremes of the country. The influence of these roads, even in the prospective, is well illustrated in the rapid advance in the value of property. In 1845 the assessment roll amounted to $228,488.101 ; in 1850 it amounted lo $299,331,465; and in 1851 it had increased lo $317,082,604: or in the latter year, which was one of great projects in matters of internal improvement, the increase amounted to $17,751,139, or about 6 per cent. Such facts as these are lessons applicable to every State and to every indi- vidual who has at lieart tiie advancement of his couniry in wealth and prosperity. Binit'^\ *;/•■— In January, 1>51. Kentucky had 5 banks and 21 branch banks; the Sa7il: of Kentncly (houhvlWe), has branches at Bowling fireen, Dansville, Frankfort, Greenburg, llopkinsville, Lexington, and M.iysville; the I'drniers^ Jiiivl- of K<'7Hnc7i-ij (Frankfort) has branches at Covington, Henderson, Maysville, Mount Sterling, Princeton, and Somer- set ; the ^'wM.?/'ni>//;;/.v»^"yi'i'»/Hc^-7/ (Lexington), has branches at Covington, Louisville, Paris, and Kiclimond ; the S^utJi^ ern ULink nf Kentucky (Bussollville), has branches at Hickman, Owensboro, and Smithland ; and the Bank of Louisville has branches at Paducah and Flemingsliurgh. There are also other banks at Paducah, Covington, and Newport. At the date above referred to the aggregate statistics of all tlie banks and branchrs then existing, were as follows: LiahiHtif's — cjqjila! $7,536,927, circulation $7,613,(i75, deposits $2,3J3.007, ami due olher banks $1,250,5^9; and (/^.s*?.*— loans and dis- coimts $12,.50G,305, stocks $694,902, real estate $419,070, other investments $440,127, due by other banks $2,451,155, notes of olher banks $550,879, and specie $2,791,351. Gonfivnmt'vt, dr. — The present constitution of Kentucky was adopted in convention on the lllh June, 1850, au'l was subsequently ratified by the people by a vote of 71,503 in favor lo 20,302 against it. The first Slate constitution ^\ as framed in 1790, and a second in 1799 Every free white male citizen. 21 years of age, resident in tho State two years, or in the county, town, or city one year next preceding tho election, has the right of su^nige, but he shall have been for 60 days a resident of the precinct ia which he offers his vote. The general election is held on the 1st Monday of August. All votes arc given vim voce. The Lcgi.sltiture consists of a Senate and House of Bepreaentatives. Senators, thirty-eight in number, are chosen in siiiffle districts, one-half the number biennially, and at the time of election must be citizens of the United Slates, thirty ye:irs of age, and resi, had 3fi6 inmates; the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, at Danville, which had at the same date 4S pupils ; and the Instituti^29 so economically had the government been administered, that there was a surplus in the treasury of some $200,0ii0. This was distributed among the counties, and applied to internal improvements ; and stimulated by the resulting benefits and the " new impulse" which had sei7.e. of Ct.irrl, Value of Petiomina- No. of rimnli V^hieof Denomiiia- No of CIlLXl. V.nlue ..r nous. CI urrlies. Ri 1 (':il. Prnperl)-. tion-'. CliUfTlies aciotii. Prcpt-rly. tioiih Cliur.-lies. jiL-.i.in. IT,,,.,-,-,,. Baptist -89 . 29(l,4f.O . . $5TI,6.\5 Gcr'n Kef. . — .. — . . $- I:. Catholic. iS .. 24,240 . . .*S36.910 Christian . . . 112 . 4S,0-10 . . 105,726 Jcwij^li 1 .. 600 . . 1S,000 Swedenb'g. — .. — . — CoDgreirat'l. — .. _ _ Lutheran... 5.. 2,S50 . 21.300 Tunker .... 1 . . 200 . 200 Dutch Kef.. — ., — — Mennonite . — .. — . — Vnion 31 .. 11,000 . . IS.OiiO Episcopal . . 17 .. ',050 . . 112,150 Methodist.. 522 .. 167,SC0 . 4S2,ti55 Unitarian.. 1 .. 7011 . . m.oiio Free Si .. 6,T7r . . la,l)00 Moravian . . — ■ .. — . — rniversalist 6 .. 2,0111) . . VkKO Friends — .. — . — I'resbytcr'n. 223 .. 99,000 . . 492,503 Minor Sects 31 .. 8,C50 . . 27,150 Making a total of 1,S1S churches, having accommodation for 072,003 persons, and clmrch property valued in cnsh at $2,250,998 ; or 1 church, accommodating 370 persons, to every 540 inhabitanL<*, and valued as properly at $1,2 (3. Ken- tucky is a (Uoce-^e of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and also constitutes the Binnan Catholic diocese of Ltmisville. Pait/pcrUvn and Crime.— Thu whole number of paupers who received support within the year ending 1st June, 1S50. ■was 1,126. of which number 971 were native born, and 155 foreigners ; and the whole number on tlie paui)er list nt that date was 777, of which 690 were natives and ST fort-igners. Cost of support for the year, $57,513. The whole numlK-r of convicts in the Slate Penitentiary, on the 1st December, 1>50, was 159-10 more than were incarcerated at liie .s;fme period of the year 1849. Mstoi'ical SA-et<;h.—lt was not until the middle of the eighteenth century that the white man's p)0t-i)rln(, w.as traced in Kentucky. The region was one great hunting-ground and battle-field for the snvnges of the North and South. Among the earliest American explorers were Boone and Knox, and these, afler incredible jK-rils, rdurni'd to Viririnia and Caro- lina, spreading everywhere the fame of tho backwoods. Then came Bullitt, Harrod, and Ucndcrson. The foundation of Booncsboro' was laid by Daniel himself, who had brought to the banks of the Kentucky the first white women— lus wife and daughter. Kenton, CuUow.ay, and Logan arrived next. Kentucky was now made a county of Virginia, and in 1777 the first court was held at Harrodsburg. 349 KENTUCKY. A review of the political hislury of Kentucky presents but few prominent landmarks. The war of Ihc Kcvolutioa closed, but left the Kcntuckian in constant danger of Indian outrage. The citizens assembled at Danville, which became afterward famous for conventions west of the mountains, and soon came to the conclusion thai the government at Rich- mond was too far distant to be relied upon for the means of defimding the scanty settlements from the savage. Two other conventions at Danville recommended a peaceable and constitutional separation from Virginia. The third con- Tcntion sent a petition to Kiehmond, and in 17S6 an act was passed complying with the desires of Kentucky; but from several causes tlie separation was not completed, chiefly from a disinclination of the people to bind themselves to the old confi'deration, and for some time after this period the Kentuckian sought to obtain an independent nationality. A fourth convention at Danville only served to inflame more and more the minds of the people against the Central Government, and a report having become current that Mr. Jay had ceded the navigation of the Mississippi River to Spain, the utmost ill-fueling was the consequence. A flith convention met, and on petition, a delegate to Congress was allowed by Vir- ginia ; but the Constitution having been adopted, Congress turned over to the now govertmient all action upon the claims of Kentucky. The whole Slate was again in ferment at this delay, and at this early period the refusal of Congress was attributed by able minds to the jealousy of New England of any increase of Southern power, and this jealousy was expected to continue under the new government Taking advantage of this state of tlungs in the "West, Spain proposed clandestinely through her minister peculiar com- mercial favors and facilities to Kentucky if she would erect herself into an independent government. These propositions baee3, p. o., Saratoga co., A' T. : 20 m. N. Albany. Kettle Ceeek, p. o., Potter co., Pnw. : 95 m. N. X. W. Uarrisburg. Kettle Ceeek, p. a, Monmouth co., K Jer. : on the creek so called, 30 m. E. 8. E. Trenton. Kewanha, p. o., Fulton co., Jiid. : SO m. N. Indianapolis. KEw-ABKra. p. 0., "Washington CO., Wise: 63m. E. N. E. Madison. Kewatjsee county, Wise. Situ.ate N. E., and contains 342 sq. m. It lies on the neck of the peninsula between Green Bay and Lake Michigan, and is drained by East and West Twin rivers, Scarboro' r., and other small sireams. Surface uneven, and covereii Willi heavy limber ; soil litllo cultivated as yet. The county is but partially settled, and the timber business is the chief pursuit. Unorganized in 1S50. Capital: Kewaunee. Kewaunee, v., p. t., and cap. Kewaunee co., Wi.v. : on the W. side of Lake Michigan, 137 m. N. E. Madison. Kewfjaw Penissitla, J/ic/i. .• a part of Houghton CO., projecting into Lake Superior from its southern shore. Its length is about 43 miles, with an average width of 15 miles. II il surrounded on the N. W., N., and E. by the lake, on the S. by Kewenaw Bay, and on the S. W. by Portage lake, leaving an isthmus, which is but a mile across, and is used as a portage by the Indians and traders, with whom it has been the custom, when arriving here, to transport on their backs their pellries and canoes to the opposite shore. The penin- sula is drainc.i by a trreat number of small sireams which afford ample hvdraulie power; and the same may be said of the whole coast of the mineral district of the trap root elevations, extending from Kewenaw Point to I resquo Isle river. The principal harbors are the Copper, Eagle, and Carp rivers, Kewenaw Bay, and Ontonagon river, which has a depth of six feet over the bar at tho en- KEW KEY trance. The pusi-oRices are, Algonquin, Kcwenuw Bay, Kurth-Wwl .Mine, i)ritonason, aiui I'eiunsuJa. The soil of the pcninsuln is rich, and very favorable for ccreiils, as the climate is eonipi'.nitively mild, on ticeimiit of I lie moderat- ing c'fl'ect of a large body of waler on three sides. At Fort AVilkins the nieteorolngiettl observatious instituted by order of the General Government, proved the menn temperature to be two degrees milder th:in at Tort Unidy, allhough the latter post is 60 miles farJher stnilh. The Hon. Truman Smith, who spent a sejison iu exniniiiatious of the mining country, pronounces it to be dceidedly more favorable for agriculture than large portions of New Kngland, including the northern part of Connecticut, Corn, potatoes, and sum- mer and winter grains have yielded fair returns. The princij)al mining o])eralions are for copper and iron, though gold, silver, lead, and other metids are found. The greater part of the copper is obtained i)ure in its native state, some containing a portion of silver. Masses are frequently raised of many hundred weight, and often give groat labor in their removal from the deep shales. The shipments of native copper and ore for the yearlSSO were equal to 4,000 tons of copper, and for l»r a port, and has excellent water accommodation. Tlie southern route of railroad to Xorfolk it is intended sliall commence here, and it is also the N. terminus of a plank road to Trenton and Philadelphia. SteamtioaLs run regularly to and ftom New York City — distance in a direct line, 24 miles. KETSBunon, p. o., Logan co., /w/. ; 15«) m. S.W. Frankfort. Keysbukgu, p. o., Pike colnity, III.: XI m. W. S. AV. Springfield. Kevsku's Bkipge, p. 0., Alleghany co., Md.: 176 m. W. N. W. AnnaiJOlis. Kevsi'okt, p. v., Clinton co., JU.: on the W, bank of Kaskaskia r., SI m. S. by E. Springfield. Key Stone, p. o., Peri^ county, Pain.: 23 m. "W. Ilarrisburg. Keystone, p. v., Jackson co., Ohio: on a branch of llaccoon cr., 69 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Here are extensive iron works. KnvsviLLB, p. v., Charlotte co., Tirg. : C6 m. S. W. by W. Kichinond. 852 Keytksville, p. v., and cap. Chariton co., ^to. : on the E, side of Muscle Fork of Chariton r., near its confluence, and about 15 m. from the Missouri r., 74 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Key West, p. v., port of entr>', and cap. Monroe co., Floi\ : on the island so called, about 4S0 m. in a direct S. S. W. line from Tallaliassee. Lat. 21o 82' N., and long. SP \V 80" W. The island is 4 ra. long by 1 m. in its widest part, and, including the &alt pond, contains 1I>7 acres. It is of coral formation, with little available soil, and very low and flat, nowhere 20 feet above the sea. Dogwood. Madeira- wood, mangrove, and some other species, cover the unoc- cupied parts, and the cocoa-nut, orange, and guava, flourish luxuriantly where they can find soil sufficient. The key was granted by the Spanish crown, some 40 years ago, to John P. Salas, and in Dec, 1S21, it was purchased of him by Col. Simonton, who took possession iu person on the 22d Jan., 1S32, and in the following April he erected thereon Iho flrsl small house. In April, 1S23, a custom-house was established here, and it was made a station for the Gulf squadron. In 1&32 it was made a military j)osI, but the barracks were not completed until 1S45. The buildings are large, airy, and commodious, and are placed on three sides of a quadrangle, the open side being toward the sea. Mrs. Mallory, mother of Senator Mallory, was the first wlute female that settled on the island. This was in 1>2:J, and for a long lime she was without a single companion of her sex. As pioneer matron of the place she was prcsentcsl witli a choice lot of land, on which she has erected a mansion, and now occupies it as a boarding-house. John Hallfck, now a printer in Washington City, was the first white child born on the key — this was in Aug. 1S20. From these small and recent beginnings, Key West has grown to be an imi)orttmt and prosperous place of about 2,000 inhabitants. It is the largest town in Florida, and in 1S50 contained a court-house, Jail, the latter a substantial stone building, SO feet square, tho U. S. District Court, which has cognizance of all wrecks and disasters, the Slate Circuit Court, the Marine Hospital, etc., and had 26 stores, 10 warehouses, 4 look-out cupolas, 4 churches, 11 wharves, and 650 dwellings. Tho Marine Hospital is 100 feet by 45, in the shape of the letter H ; it is a handsome building, well ventilated, and commodioxw. The churches arc Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist, and Boman Catholic— small but neat buildings. There are 4 private schools, and 1 county school — the latter open free to tho fatherless only. Fort Taylor is situate at the N. W. angle of the island, within the main entrance to the harbor ; it is built on an artificial island, made by the deposit of many thousand tons of stone. It stands about 1,000 feet from tho shore, and is 700 feet long in the rear, and 250 deep. Tho front facade is 253 feet^wilhin the bastions, the curtains being of the same length as the front It is very substantially built, and has cost about $1,500,000. The harbor is capacious, safe, and easy of access. It may be enlarged by several different channels, the principal one being at the N. W. angle of the island — ships of 22 feet draft can enter therewith safety. It is the only port admitting such between Pensacola and Hampton Eoads. The principal business of Key West is wrecking, but numbers are employed in fishing, sponging, salt making, and other similar occupations. Wrecking is a business peculiar to the reefs, and a matter of the highest importance. (On ' this subject. Bee " Hunt's Merchants* ^fagazine," for Jan., lSo2.) Sponges abound on the reefs, and the people are making a profitable business in gather- ing them. A large portion cf the population comes from the Bahama Islands, anil are called coucli-men, from their skill in diving, and the part of the city this class inhabits is called Couchtown. Many of the leading merchants are from New England. The position of Key West is impor- tant ; it is the K^ij of the United States to (he Florida Pass and the Gulf of Mexico; and hence it has been strongly fortified. The I.ight-house stands on the highest ground of the island, and can be seen 16 miles at sea : and there is a KEZ KIN lieht-ship nnebored on the reef al the W. enlnince of the harbor. ThtTe is also a siiljstiiiiliiil iron lighthouse on Sandy Key, U m. S. S. W. At Ihc K. p:irt ul' Iht- island there is a natuitil salt pond, from wliii-Ii :ji),000 Inishols of salt arc annually nianurat-'turcd. Tho sicaini'ra to Havanna and the Isthmus touch here re£;uhirly. ;iiui afford an oppor- tunity for visilinii; it, and convuyiufj to its siiiuiy shores and fine chmale the invaliri of the North. In l>oi', 00 vessels (S.728 tons) cleared, anri OS vessels (5.3TD tons) entere*! the port. S>hipping owned by residents, (}J(J(j tons, of which 4.410 was registered tonna:-;e. Of the remaining tty into Long Island Sound. Sur- face uneven — in the N. rough ; soil sandy and gravelly loam. It is a good fanning t., and has excellent dairies. Pop. 1,104, KiLMAUNorK, t, and p. v., Piscataquis co., Me. : 94 ra. N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Piscataquis r., and several of its aflluents, one of which is the outlet of Otter Pond. Sur- face and soil adapted to grazing. The v. lies on the S. side of the Piscataquis, and has several mills, etc. Pop. of L ;J22. KiLMARNocE, p. v., Lancaster co., Virg. : on Chesapeake Bay, .^ m. E. by N. Richmond. It contains about 200 in- habitants. The vicinity is a fine timber region. KiLMiCDAEL, p. o., Choctaw county, J/w«. : G5 m. N. E. Jackson. W2 Kimball's LANDrNG, De Soto par., La. : on the S. end of Bayou Piere Lake, 176 m. N. W. Baton Kouge. KiMuiniLiN, p. o,, Giles county, Vh-g.: 193 m. W. by S. Richmond. KisiBKBTON, p. v., Chester county, Penn. : C}9, m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. Klmbolton, p. o., Guernsey county, Oh.: S3 ra. E. by N. Columbus. ' KiMULGA, p. o., Talladega co., Ala. : on the Coosa r., 83 m. \V. Montgomery. KiNCANNOs's Fekuy, p. o., Mcigs county, T<.nn. : 120 ra. E. S. E. Nashville. KiNcARA, sta., Burlington eo.. A' Jn\: on the Camden and Arnb(>y P. P., 4 ni. W. of IliTdentown. Kinder, p. o., Uanei)ck comity, 2nEimooK, p. v., Van Euren co., Arlc. : on the N. side of Little Rock r., 5S m. N. Little Pock. KiNoEruooK. p. v., Pike county, If/.: 77 m. W. S. W. SpringllrlJ. KiNDKRHuoK, t. anublished weekly. About 2 m. S. of the village is Lindenwald, the residence of the venerable Martin Van Buren, ex-president of the United States; and there are several other villages. The manufactures of Uie t are con- siderable. Pop. 3,972. KrNDERnooK, p. 0., Lincoln co., Tenn.: 62 m. S. by E, Nashville. KiNiiEROooK, p. 0., "Washington county, Virg. : 243 in. W. by S. Richmond. King and Qurkn county, Virg. Situate E.. and contains 337 sq. m. Mattopoiiy river forms its W. Iioundary, and Piankitank r. its S. E. Surface agreeably diversified, and in parts quite hilly. Soil generally fertile. Dragon Swamp, on the head of the Piankitank, has been drained, and aflbrds a large tract of diluvial soil of great depth and almost mcredible fertility. The crops of com grown on the same spot, year after year, are unsuri)as3ed in the Union. The staples of the co. are corn and wheat. Farms 502 ; manuf. ; dwell. 892, and pop.— wh. 4,094, fr. col. 461, si. 5,7G1— total 10,319. Copikd : King and (iueen C. H. Kino and Queen CouRT-nousE, p. v., and cap. King and Queen co., Virg. : 33 m. E. N. E. Richmond. It is =ituato on a plain about 1 m. from M:itl,'ii)ony r., and contains a court-house, the co. jail, ,^nd about 70 or 80 iidiabitants. King Creek, p. o., Barnwell dist, S. Car. : S6 m. S. by W. Columbia. KiNGFiELD, t. and \>. o., Franklin county, 3f-'.: 4S ni. N. by W. Augusta. Drained by Seven Mile Brook, an affluent of Kennebec r. Surface generally hilly — in the W is Mount Abraham, a considerable elevation, from which the stream has its source ; soil of average fertility. The v. is a small settlement in the S. E. corner. It is a fine grazing country. Pop. of t. G62. KiXG George county, Virg. Situate N. E., and contains 217 sq. m. It has Rappahannock river on the S. '\^^, and Potomac r. on the N. E., lying between them, and drained by small creeks fiowing into thcra. Surface broken, and in parts marshy ; soil of average fertility ; corn and wheat aro the staples. It has good timber. Farms 279; manuf. S: dwell. 526, an»». ; on the point formed by the junction of Tennessee and Clinch rivers, 12S ra. E. by S. Nashville. It contains the court-house, jail, and several stores. Kingston, p. o., Decatur county, TnJ. : 54 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Kingston Centre, p. o., Delaware co., Olito: 2-1 m. N. by E. Columbus. Kingston Mines, p. v., Peoria co.,IU. : on the bluff near Illinois r., 52 m. N. E. Springfield. Kingstown, v., Talbot cfiunty. M'l. : on the "W. side of Choptank r., 34 m. E. S. E. Annapolis. KiNGSTREE, p. v., and cap. "Williamsburgh dist., S. Car.: on the N. E. side of IJi.ack r., 73 m. E. S. E. Columbia. KiNGSTiLLK, t. and p. v., Ashtabula county. 0/iio: on Conneaul r, 172 m. N. E. Columbus. The t. is bouny Vernnn. "U'allion^lin^, and N. braneh ol" LicUin*; rivers, alTluenLs of.Muf«kinii;nni r., wliieli, wltli their brandies, atTord abundant water-puwer. Surface sliglilly lirolcr-n in E. part, in the ^V. level or undulatin^^; .soil a vegetable Inani in the M*., and generally very productive. It is an excellent farming cminty, and iinim-nsi! quantities of wheat and eorn arc scut to the Kast. The iiairy is of much importance, and large flocks of sheep are everj where kept. Pork is also !i very large export. It has .sujiLTior facilities for manufactures, whieli are large and rapidly increasing, and great conveniences for reaching distant niarkels. Farms 2,2GS ; manuf. 11"; dwell. 4.S5;i. and pop.— wli. 2S.sn, fr. col. G2— total 2S.S7:i. CnjtiUtl: Mttunt Vernon. Puhlic Works: Springfield, Mount Vernon, an.l Titt^iUirg Tt. E. ; Mansfield and&mdusky City U. II. ; Columbus and Lake Krie II. K., etc. Knox county, Tnin. Situate N. E.. and contaiiii* 445 sq. ni. Drained by Holston, Nulielmeky. I'rench Broad, and Clinch rivers, all branches of Teinies^ee r., and aflording fine water privileges. Surface Ijrokenarul nionntainous; soil fertile, especially in the numerous beautiful valleys. Corn and wheat are very large crops, and llie staples. The graz- ing is excellent, and many cattle, horses, sheep, and swine are reared. T!ie manufactures of the co. are important and growing, consisting of flour, leather, iron, fiils. liquors, paper, earthenware, etc. Farms 1.403; manuf. 67: dwell. 2.sn4, and pnp.— wli. 16.337, fr. col. 22'), si. 2,19u— tolal 18,7.55. Oqyittil: Knoxville. Puhlic iroz-A-.-*; Georgia and E. Tennessee E. E.; E. Tennessee and Virginia E. E. ; Knoxville and Cincinnati E. E. ; Blue Eidge E. E., etc. Knox, t. and p. v.. All>any co., -V. 5* ; 22 m. "W. Albany. Drained l)y Bozrakill and a tril)ntary of Foxes cr. Surface rough and hilly— the t. being i)artly covered by the Ileliler- berg series of limestone: soil of average fertility. The v. (Knoxville) contains about 20iJ inhal)itants. The t. has numerous mills and tanneries, and 2,(121 inhahitanls. Knox. p. v., and cap. Stark co., Tnd.: on the S. side of Ytllow r.. 10^ m. N. by \V. Imlianapolis. Knox, p. v., Knox co.. o/iio: 3S in. N. K. Columbus. Knox. I. and p. v., "U'aldo county, ^f''. : 31 ni. E. X. E. Augusta. Drained by branches of Sebastic(tok r. ; surface Somewhat hiHy; soil ricli. and fine grass land. Tlie v. lies toward the N. W. Top. of t. 1.102. Knox Centee, p. v., Waldo co., Jfe. : 31 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Ksox CoKNEKS, p. c, Oncida co., A'! 11 .' 93 m.W. N.W. Albany. Knoxville, p. v., Greene co., Alrson City. Knoxvillk. p. v., Jefferson co., Ohio : 4 m. from Ohio r. and 126 m. E. by N. Columbus ; contains several stores. The t. of Knox contains several villages, is bounded nn the E. by llie Ohii) r., and has 1,902 inhabitants. Knoxville, p. o., Tioga co., Peiin.: 115 m. N. by W. Ilarrisbnrg. Knoxville, p. city, and cap. Knox co., Tenn.: on the N. bank of Holston r., at the head of navigation, and about 4 m. Iielow the confluence of French Broad river, 157 in. E. Nasliville. Lat, 35° 59' N., and long. 8:3^ 54' W. Tlie city is most eligibly situate for an extensive inland trailr, being at the navigable head of a great river, and on the line of intereommunieatiun K. and "\V. nearly ttu'ougli the mid- dle zone of the Union, and at a point whence will diverge N. and S. lines of railroad, extending on the one hand to Cincinnati, and on the other to the chief ports of the south- ern Atlantic Sta,tes and Gulf of Mexico. Here, imleed, a junction is formed by three great railroads— tiie East Ten- nessee and Georgia E. E., connecting S. with lines to Charleston and Savannah, and S. W. with those to Memiihis and the Gulf cities; the Knoxville .and Ohio E. E. termi- nating at Covington on the Ohio; and the East Tennessee and Virginia E. E., which, connecting with the Virginia and Tennessee E. R. on the State line, and the latter uniting at Lyncliburg with the railroads to IVterslxirg and Norfolk, Eichmond and Alexandria, reaches directly to the great sealioard marts, which will take the vast productions of the interior, and return in exchange the manufactures and pro- ducts of the outer world. The city itself is regularly laid out, and handsomely Imilt- It contains a fine court-house, a jail, and other county buildings. It is also the seat of East Tennes.soe College, founded 1792. This is a very cflficient and flourishing institution. In 1S50 it had a presi- dent, 5 professors, 122 alumni, and 57 stuIc internal Iraflie. Pop. about GOO. KoosKOosKiE river, Oreg. Ter. : a tributary of Lewis, or Snake r. It rises in the Eocky Mountains, and flowing W. falls into Eewis r. in about 46° lat. anle cereals. Cattle and hogs are exported in large numbers. Farms 233; manuf. 2; dweU. 335; and pop.— wh. 2,357, fr. col. 1, si. 140— total 2,493. Capital: Wiota. Lacon, p. v., and cap. Marshall co., PI. : on the left bank of the Illinois r.. 79 m. N. by E. Springfield. It lias a favor- able position for trade and manufactures, and contains the county buildings, a high school, several stores, and 500 in- habitants. The"Laeon Herald'' (dem.), and "Illinois Ga- zette" (whig), are published weekly. Lacona, p. o., Jefferson co., A'v. .' 49 m. W. Frankfort. Laconia, p. v., Harrison CO., Ind.: about 2 m. from tlic Ohio r., 117 m. S. Indianapolis. Lacoma, p. o., Desha co,, Arl: : 87 m. S. E. Little Rock. Lac qui Pakle, p. o., Dakotah co., Minn. Ter. : 137 m. W. St Paul. This is a trading post on the Minnesota or St. Peter's r., which here expands to a considerable body of water, called by the French, Lac qui Parle (lake that LAC LAF tul!c>*), from the remarkable echoes produced by its nigged shuffs. La Crossk county, Wise. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains about 3.4iJ0 sq. m. Drained I>y M-nnitain, Black, and La Crosse rivers, and their many brandies, aflluenla of the Mississippi, wliieh is its S. W. buundury. Tins oo. covers a large territory, as yet little settled. It has line large streams, lined with vast forests of valualtlc pine timber, which is in great demand, and furnishes the chief trade of the county. The surface is much varied, and the rivers afford oxeelleut waler-i)ower. The soil is very fertile, and there is litlle prairie. That portion of La Crosse county lying N. of tho N. line of township No. 9, has lately beim erected into a separate county, under the uamo of Jaclisou. Capital: La Crosse (Prairie La Crosse). La CnotisE, p. v.. La Crosse co., II'/av'. ; on the left bank of the Mi^^sissippi, at the mouth of La Crosse river, loS miles N. \y. by W. Madison. It has a good landing, and contains several stores, and 300 inhabitants. Lacy, p. o., Drew co., Arl\ : 77 miles S. S. E, Little Kock. Lacy's Hill, p. o, Pickens co., Ala.: 112 m. W. N. W. Munlgomery. Ladd's, 8ta., Erie co., Ohio: on Iho 8an15— toUil 13,090. Capital: Lexington. Public WorA-s: Facific B. R. La Fayettb county, Wis<;. Situate S. TV., and contains G31 sq. m. Drainoi miles N. "VV. Indianapolis. Lat 40^ 25' N., and long. Sl'jO 49' W. ; it is the centre of railroad, camd, and plank- road Iraffie of great amount, and has several important manOfaelurcs, It contains about 40 dry gofxls stores, 13 clothing stores, 20 groceries, etc. About a dozen warehouses, and a. variety of minor sales stores ; also foundries, packing- houses, paper-mills, printuig establishments, etc. It has also a large flouring business; three newspajiers are pub- lished here, the "Ij, Courier'' (dem.), ., Christian co., K>/. : 1S2 m. S.TV. by W. Frankfort. La pAVinTE, p. o., Grafton county, iY Ilamp.: CG m. N. by W. Conconl. La Fayette, p. v., Sussex co., N. J-r. : on PauMnskill r., fiS m. N. Trent'. n. It contains a furnace, mill, several stores, and 100 inhabitants. La Fayette, t. and p. o., Onondaga co., K. Y. : 12Cra, W. by N. Albany. Drained E. by Butternut cr.. and "W. by Onondaga cr., which furnish power for sev(TaI flouring, saw, and grist mills. Surface hilly ; soil a clayey loam, and very productive In the N. W. is a large Iiulian Reserv^a- tiou, through which the proposed railroad from Binghamp- Xow to Syracuse is to pass. Pop. 2,532. 359 LAF LAH La FA-i-ETTR, p. v., Madison co., Ohio: oft Deer cr.,23 m. W. Columbus. Pop. 147. La FAYtriTE, t. ami p. o., M'Kcnn co., Pcnn. : 142 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Draineil by branches of Allcgliany r. Surface broken, and soil adapted to grass. Pop. U23. La Fatettb, p. v., and cap. Macun co., Tenn. : on Long creek, a head of Greene r., 47 m. E. N. E. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, a half dozen stores, and 200 in- habitants. La Eayette, p. o., Montgomery county, Yirg, : 149 m. W. by S. Uichmond. La Fay-ette, t. and p. o., "Walworth co.. Wise. : 5o m. E. y. E. Madison. The t. has a varied surface, fertile soil, and line mill streams flowin-i; into Fox r. A plauk-road passes through to liacine. Pop. of t l.OOS. La Favette, p. v., and caj). Yam Ildl co., Oreg. Ter. : at the falls just below the junction of the 1^. and ti. forks of Tarn Hill r., 24 m. N. N. W. Salem. The Yam llill r. is navigable for batteaux to within ii m. of this iilaee, and empties into the Willamette r., about 22 m. above the mouth of Tualatin river. La Fayette City, p. o., and cap. JefTorson par., La. : on the lufl bank of the Mississippi. 71 m. S.E. byE. Baton llouge. It is a continuation of New Orleans, and was consolidated under the same municipal government in 1S52. The New Orleans and Carroltou E. E. passes through it, and several ferries cross the river. In 1S50 four papers were published, the " State Eepublicau'' (whig)» and '' Statesman" (dem.), semi-weekly ; the " Spectator'' (whig), weekly ; and *' Ger- man Courier" (dem.), daily. Pop. 14,190. La Fayette Hill, p. c, Fluvanna county, Virg. : 49 m. "W. N. "W. Kichmond. La Fayettk Spko'gs, p. o., La Fayette co., Mm. : 135 m. N. N. E. Jackson. La Faybtteville, p. o., Buchess county, K. Y. : 47 m. S. by E. Albany. La Fontaine, p. c, Harlan co., Ky. : 129 ra. S. S. E. Frankfort. La Fontaine, p. o., "Wabash co., Iiid. : 76 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. La FouRCiiE Inteeioe parish, La. Situate S. E., and con- tains 1,-337 sq. m. Brained by Bayou La Fourche, which flows S. E. through the length of the co., and Bayou Blue, its S. \V. boundary, both connecting the Mississippi with the Gulf. Along the E. border are Allemande, "\Yasba, and Little lakes, and Earrataria Bay, connected by rivers, and emptying into the Gulf, and smaller ones in the interior. Surface low and level, much of it too wet for tillage. Soil of great productiveness, yielding heavy crops of cotton and sugar, which are the great staples, and universally culti- vated. Corn thrives very well, and some rice is grown. Ibarras 235 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 9^8, and pop,— wh. 5,143, fr. col. 22, si. 4,8GS— total 9,533. Capital .• Thibodeauxville, La Fourcue river, La. : an outlet of the Mississippi, which leaves the river above BonaldsonviUe, and after a S. E. course of 00 m. falls into the Gulf of Mexico. Lacaua, p. o., "Wilson co., Tejin. : 22 m. E. Nashville. La Grange county, /n/^ Situate N. E.,and contains SS6 6q. m. Brained by Fawn, Pigeon, and Little Elkhart rivers, branches of St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan ; with these are connected many ponds, which feed fine mill streams, and afford excellent water-power. Surface mostly level ; about two-thirds of the county are barrens or oak-openings; the rest is mostly well timbered, and a little prairie. Soil in the openings, a sandy loam; in the forest-lands clay prepon- derates — everywhere good, and adapted to grain or grass. The openings produce wheat in profusion — the prairie corn, and tbe wooded parts grass and oats. The produce of all the grains is large, and groat numbers of cattle, horses, and swine are raised for market. Farms 1,062; manuf. 64; dwell. 1,470, and pop.— wh. 8,869, fr. col. IS— total 8,887. Capital : La Grange. La Grange, p. v., Franklin co., Ala. : 171 m. N. N. W. 360 Montgomery. It occupies a commanding eminence. La Grange College, founded in 1S30, is located lure. In 1S50 it had 5 instructors, 140 alumni, 96 student?, and a library of 4,0U() volumes. La Grange, p, v., and cap. Troup co., Ga. : on a small branch t»f Chattahoocbic r., 109 m. W. Milledgeville. The v. contains acouri-house, jail, 2 academies, several stores, and 600 inhabitants. It is on the La Grange E. E., 15 m. from West Point. The " Citizens' Eeporlcr" is published weekly. La Gi'.ANGE, p. v., and cap. La Grange co., In(7. : 131 m. N.by E. Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, academy, several large stores, ami 500 inliabitanls. A plank-road leads hence 12 m. to the N. Indiana E. E. La Grange, p. o., Monroe co., la.: near Cedar cr., 87 "W. S. W. Iowa City. La Grange, p. v., Oldham county, Ky. : 30 m. N. W. Frankfort. The v. is on the Louisville and Frankfort E. E., .33 m. from Louisville, and is tbe site of a Masonic College, under the supen'isiou of the Grand Lodge of the State. La Grange, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 78 m. N. E. Augusta. Brained by Birch and Pushaw rivers, branches of the Penobscot. Soil good, and well timbered. Lumber- ing is the chief business. Pop. 4S2. La Grange, t and p. v., Cass county, Mich.: 92 m, S.'SW by W. Lansing. Brained by affluents of St. Joseph's river, affording good mill-seats. Surface level, well liui- bered in parts, with prau-ie in the centre. Soil, superior wheat land. Pop. of 1. 1,327. La Grange, p. v., Lewis co., J/b. ; on the Mississippi, at the mouth of Wyaconda r., 104 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. A landing-place, with a few stores. La Grange, p. o., Wyoming county, K. Y. : 224 m. "W. Albany. La Grange, sta., Erie co., X. Y.: on Buffalo and Stat« Line E. E., 29 m. from Buffalo. La Grange, p. o., Eandolph co., K. Car.: on E. side of Ultarie r., 82 m. "W. by N. Ealeigh. La Grange, t. and p. o., Lorain co., Ohio : 97 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Brained by E. antl W. branches of Black r., which afford water-power. Surface varied, and soil adapted to grain. The Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinuati E. E. passes through it, 29 m. from. Cleveland. Pop. I,4ti2. La Gr.ANOE, p. o.,"Wyomingco.,i'enn.,; 97 m. N. E. by N, Ilarrisburg. La Grange, p. v., Fayette co., T&nn.: on the N. side of "Wolf cr., ISl m. W. S. ^Y. NashviHe. The Memphis and Charleston E. E. passes through this place, which contains an academy, several stores, and 500 inhabitants. La Grange, p. v., and cap. Fayeite county, Tex. : 55 m. E. S. E. Austin City. It is pleasantly situateT,\ manuf. 43; dwell. 2,455, and pop.— wh. 14,187, fr.eol. 89— total 14.*22(). Oipital : Waukegan. Lake county, InrL SiluaJe N. \V. comer, and contains 4G9 sq. ni. Kankakee r. bounds it S., and Lake Michigan K., and their affluents Calumic, Cedar, and Eagle rivers, etc., drain it. Surface diversified — generally somewhat broken ; soil various, on the lake shore sand-hills, covered with dwarf pine and cedar ; farther S. is a rich alluvial tract, and S. of that a sandy loam, and on Kankakee r. large marshes. The central parts are excellent grazing ; the S. grows an altundance of grain. A large part is prairie and marl is plentiful. Farms 423; manuf. 5; dwell. 715, and pop.— wh. 3.000, fr. col. 1— total 3.991. Capital : Crown Point. Ptihlic Works : Northern Indiana E. K. ; Central Michigan K. K. Lake county, Mieh. Situate "W. middle, on Lower Pen- insula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Notipceagon or Marquelle, and Mcmoosie rivers, and a branch of Manistee r.. allluents of Lake Michigan. Its bottoms are well tim- bered with oak and pine, and the soil is said to be very pro- duetivc. It is thinly settled, and has been organized since iN-U. Lake county, Ohio. Situate N. E. on Lake Erie, and contains 2'21 sq. m. Drained by Chagrine and Grand rivers and their branches. Surface rolling, and soil exceeiiing fer- tile. Cornand wheat are the leading crops. The other grains thrive well, and the grazing is of the best. Great numbers of cattle and hogs are raised for the Eastern markets, and the growth of wool is ver)' heavy. It has good comraereiai facilities, and ver}- important manufactures of lumber, flour, leather, iron, liquors, etc. Farms 1,449; manuf. 250 ; dwell. 2.700, and pop.— wh. U.tiKJ, fr. col. 3S— total 14,654. Cap- ital : Paincsville. Public Work:-i : Cleveland, Painesville, and Ashtabula K. E. Lake, p. o., Washington county, ^\ Y. : 35 m. N. by E. Albany. Lake, t and p. o., J.uzcrne county, P^ivi.: 84 m. N. E. by N., Ilarrisburg. Surface rough. IJowman's Mount- ains are in the N., and JIarvey's Lake in the E., whieh fur- nishes a good mill-stream. Grazing is chiefly attended to. Pop. 730. Lake, t. and p. o.. Stark county, Ohio: 105 m. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 1,732. Lake, sta.. Lake co., Tnd. : on the Michigan Central E.K., 20 m. "W. of Michigan City. Lake Cabuaway, p. o., Carroll par., Za.; 151 m. N. by W. Baton Eouge. Lake Cuamplatk {see Champlain lake). Lake CuAnLES, p. o., Calcasieu par., La.: 129 m. W. Baton Eouge. Lake Comfort, p. o., Hyde co., 2^. Car. : 133 m. E. by S. Ealeigh. X2 Lake Ckebk, p. o., Lamar co,, Teir.: on an affluent of Sutjdiur cr. so called, 251 m. N. E. by N. Austin City. Lake Dp.um.mond, p. o., Norfolk co., I7/(/. ; bS m. S. E. Eichmond. Lake Erie (■•vw Erie lal;e). Lake Guiffin, J). o., Marion co., Flor.: at the head of Oclawaha r., ISS m. S. E. by ]■:. Tallahassee. Lake Huron (■**•<,' IIurox lake). Lakeland, p. o. and sta., Sutfolk co., A' Y. :V2d m. S. S. E. Albany. The station is 40 m.lrum Brooklyn on tlie Loug Island K. E. Lake Landing, p. o., Hyde eo., N. Car. : 152 m. E. by S. Ealeigh. LakeMLveia, p. v., Marquetla co., Wise: near Ihe lake of that name, 46 m. N. by E. Madison. Lake Michigan (see Michigan lake). Lake Mills, t. and p. o,, JetTt-rson co., Wittc. : 2:> m. E. Madisi>D. The t. has a tine soil for the grains, gooil water- power, and rapidly increasing manufactures. Pop. ?S4. Lake of the Desert. Micli. and Wi.\r. : an inconsiderable lakelet, about half-way between ihe mouths of Ihe Montreal an^l Menomonec rivers, through the former of whieh it empties into Lake Superior. The boundary line between the Upper Peninsula and the State of "Wisconsin i)a5se3 through its waters. Lake Ontario (see Ontario lake). Lake Pleasant, t. and p. v., Hamilton co., K. Y. : 65 m. N. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Siicandaga, Cedar, and Jessup's rivers, branches of the Uudstm. It extends some 50 m. N. and S., and is mostly a wilderness dotted with beautiful lakes, the largest of which are Eound Lake, Lake Emmons, and Lake Pleasant, on the "SV. shore of which latter is the small village of that name. It atfords unsur- passed facilities fur hunting and fishing, and is much resorted to for those purposes. Pop. 305. Lakeport, p. v., Madison co., X. Y. : 112 in. Vi, by N. Albany. Lake Providence, p. v., Carroll par., La. : on the right bank of the Mississippi, 156 ra. N. Baton Eouge. It con- tains a court-house, jail, hospital, several stores and ware- houses, and 600 inhabitants. Cotton is shipped in iargo quantities, and a considerable trade with the interior is carried on. Two newspapers are published here, " I^e Ee- publicain" (whig) and the "Carroll Watchman," both weekly issues. The lake consists of an ancient be plied with water-power, and haa large flouring and saw mills and extensive iron-works. Lamartine, p. o,, Clari(/n eo., Perm. : 107 m. "W. N. "W. Ilarrisburg. Lamartine, p. o., "Washita co., Ark. : S6 m. S. S. W. Little Rock. Lamartine, p. o., Giles county, Tenn.: 69 m. S. by W. Nashville. Lamartine, p. o., Carroll co., Ohio: 103 m. E. N. E. CoKinibua. Lamartine, p. o., Benton county, ^/'/..* 9S m. N. N. E. Montgomery. Lamartine, t and p. o.. Fond du Lac co., TI7.sc. ; G6 m. N. E. Madison. It has an even surface, with some water- powi-r and some low land. Pop. 5IS. Lamawco, v., Vanderburg co., IruL: on the N. side of Ohio r., at the confluences of Little cr., ana immediately W. of Evansville, It is a new village founded by Law, M'Call, and Scott, and is named from the first letters of the several names — .La-ma-sco — of those gLMiiloincn. Its prosperity will be developed with that of I'vansville. Lamrertsville, t and p. v., Hunterdon county, Ti'. Ji^r. : on the E. bank of Delaware r, 14 m. N. W. by N. Trenton. It has a favorable situation for tracK^ and manufactures, which arc prosecuted extensively. The liclvidere Dela- ware R. R. passes the v. 17 m. from Trenton. A literary weekly, the "Delaware Valley Diarist," is published. Pop. of I 1,417. 362 Lambertville, p. 0., Monroe co., Micfi. ; 73 m. S. E. Lansing. LAMHiTRGn, p. v., Iroquois co., lU. : on the right bank of Kankakee r., 132 m. N. E. Springfield. La Mine, p. o.. Cooper co.. Mo. : on the river so called, about 4 m. S. of the Missouri, 44 m. N. "W. Jefferson Cily. La Mine river. Mo.: a tributary of the Missouri. It rises in Lafayette and Johnson counties, and flowing E. en- ters the above river 5 or 6 m. above Booneville. It receives the Blaekwater about 20 m. from its confluence with the Missouri. These rivers arc navigable for keel boats for a considerable distance. Lamington, p. o., Russell county, Ala.: 6S miles E. Montgomery. La Mira, p. 0., Belmont co., Ohio : 102 m. E. Columbus. Lamoille county, F*??*"?. Situate N. W., and contains 454 sq. m. Drained by Lamoille r. and its branches, and S. by Waterbury r., a branch of Onion r., both alfluents of Lake Champlaiu. Surface broken and mountainous. The Green Mountains pass through tlie co. The Mansfield Mountains, a branch of the Green Mountain range, lies in the S., and are among the highest in the Slate — one summit is 4,279, and another 3,933 feet high. The face of the co. is not prepossessing, being much scarred by rough and rocky elevations, but it has many fertile valleys and much fine pas- ture. Corn and wheat yield well, but oats and potatoes much better, and grazing is the chief business. The pro- duce of the dairy, live stock, beef, and wool, are the leading exports. The rugged hills are well grown with timber, and the maple furnishes abundance of sugar for consumption and export. The hills are also the sonrces of many streams, which furnish much water-jjower for its valuable manul^ac- tures of leather, woolen goods, and "Yankee notions." Farms 1,082 ; manuf. 42 ; dwell. 2,022, and pop.— wh. 10,SG9, fr. col. 3— total 10,872. Capital : Hyde Park. Lamoille, p. v.. Bureau co., III. : on a tributar}' of Illi- nois r., 123 m. N. Springfielil. Lamoille river, Verm. : a considerable stream rising in Long Pond, on the N. W. border of Caledonia county, whence its course is W. by N. to Lake Gliamphiin, into which it falls, 12 m. N. Burlington. It has numerous trib- utaries, and its falls produce an immense and valuable water-power. La Motte, p. v., Jackson co., la. : 61 m. N. E. Iowa City. Lampeter, t and p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 37 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Mill and Pecquea creeks and Conestoga r^ which furnish good water privileges. Surface uneven, and soil fertile and highly culti\-ated. Leather and woolen goods are made. Pop. 3,5S6. Lami'sville, p. v., Belmont county, Ohio : 103 miles E. Columbus. Lamson's, p. o. and sta., Onondaga co., iVI 3' ; about 1 m. "W. of Oswego r.f 141 m. W. by N. Alb.any. The sta. is IS m. S. of Oswego, on the Oswego and Syracuse R. R. Lanark, p. o., Bradley county, Ark.: 69 ra. S. by E. Little Rock. Lancaster county, P&nn. Bituate S. E., and contains 933 sq. m. Drained by Conestoga, Pecquea, Conewango, and other creeks, affluents of the Susquehanna, which forms its S. "W. boundary. Surface much diversified ; parts very hilly, and parts with only an agreeable variety of hill and valley; affording much of the most delightful scenery to be found in the Union, particularly on the banks of tlic Susque- hanna. Soil of excellent quality, equally adapted to grass and grain, and under a superior cultivation. Corn, wheat, rye, and oats, produee great crops — the cereal staples. The dairies are large, widely known, and very profitable; beef and pork are important exports, and wool is sheared to a large amount The streams afford unlimited water-power, whicli is at! employed in manufactures of iron, flour, hnu- ber, woolen and cotton goods, leather, liquors, earthenware, etc. Iron, flour, and lumber, funiaees and mills, employ a large capital, and form a leading uitercst with the eilixcna. LAN Farnia 5,li29; manuf. 1,146; dwell. 1T,13S, and pop.— wli. 95,31S, fr. col. S.tWO— lolal 98,944. Cupitnl: Laucaslcr. Pnblic Worts: I'liiladelphia and Columbia K. E.; Colum- bia Brancli E. K. ; Ilarrisburg and l.ancasler E. E. ; Tide- water Canal, etc. LisCASTEE district, S. Car. Situated N. centrally, and contains 5li'2 sq. m. Bounded W. by Catawba r., E. \iy Lyncli's cr., and drained by tlieir allluents. Surliiee ele- vated, and soniewliat broken. Soils mostly very fertile. Cotton is the staple jiroduct, and very large crops arc raised. Corn is the chief cereal, and wheat of a good quality is con- siderably raised. It Las several good water privileges, and some manufactures. Farms 5yl: maTiuf. 203; dwell. 1,090, and pop.— wh. .'i.SSl, fr. col. 113, si. 5,014— total 10,988. Ct'pittd : Lancaster. Lasc^wteb county, rirff. Situate E., at the mouth of Eappahannock r., and contains 90 sq. m. The Eappahan- noek forms its S. W. boundary, and several small creeks flow through the co. into it— among them, Carter's cr., noted for its excellent oysters. Surface varied, with no gre.it elevation. Sod of average fertility, producing chiefly corn and oat.s. It has good timber, pine and oak in abund- ance. Farms 299; manuf. 4; dwell. 420, and pop.— wh. 1,805, fr. eol. 203, si. 2,640— total 4,703. Capital: Lancas- ter Court-house. Lanc.vstkk, p. v., Cass county, II!.: 21 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Lancastek, p. v., JcfTersnn county. Ind. : 72 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. It lies within 2 m. of the Madison and In- dianapolis li. R. Lancarteb, p. v., and cap. Garrard co., Ki/. : about 3 m. E. of Dick's r., 42 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. It contains a court- house, jnil, 2 academies, several stores, and GOO inhabitants. Lascastek, t, and p. v., Worcester Co., i/ii,M. : 33 m. W. Iiy N. Boston. Drained by Nashua r. and its 'W. branch —large streams, which supply fine water-power. Surface much varied- parts are quite hilly, while the rivers are i bor.lcred with extensive alluvial meadows ; soil generally of superior quality, equally fitted for grass or grain. For farming its facilities are great, and none of them over- looUedrand for manufacturing little inferior. The articles made are numerous and steadily increasing in amount ; among Ihem are cotton and woolen goods, boots and shoes, leather, hats, combs, mechanic's tools, cabinet ware, etc. The ■Worcester and Nashua E. E. pa.sscs through the town ab.ng Uie river, and the sla. is 19 m. N. of Worcester. The village is on a plain, at the jundi..n of the two branches of the river, surnran.ied by hills, and contains an academy, a bank, and several stores. Pop. of t. 1.0S8. Lancaster, p. v., and cap. Schuyler CO., Mo. : 1.33 m. N. by W. .Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, and several stores and dwellings. Lancaster, t., p. v., and cap. Coos CO., jV. Hamp. : on the Conneclicut r., along which the t. extends about 10 m., 88 m. N. Concoril. Drained by Israel's r. and its branches, which .Afford good water-power. Surface level, and soil very ferlile along the Connecticut ; the E. parts are too rug- ged for tillage, but furnish excellent pasture. The v. ex- tenils N. from Israel's r., which has several dams on it, about 1 m. from the Conneclicut, and contains a court- house, jail, 2 lianks, an acTdcmiy, and several stores and mills. The " Ci«)s County Democrat" is published here weekly. Pop. of 1 1,650. Lancaster, t., p. v., and sta., Eric co„ K T.: 2.53 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Ellicott's, Cayuga, and Seneca creeks, on which are several large mills. Surface undulating; soil a rich lo.am, yielding fine crops of gr.iss and grain. The Bufl'alo and Uochester K. E. and BulTalo and New York City E. E. cross the township, .and the sla. is 10 m. from Buffalo. The v. is on Cayuga cr., and contains 3 hotels, several mills and stores, and 800 inliabil- anls. Pop. of t. S,794. LAKCA.'iTEn, p. v., and cap. Fahrflcld co., Ohio : on the LAN upper pan of llockijig r., 27 m. S. E. Columbus. It is well laiil out on both sides of the r., and contains a court-house and j.ail, several large flouring and other mills, extensive machine shops, and many elegant stores. It enjoys a large trade with the surrounding country, and is the outlet of its produce, which here reaches the Hocking Canal 9 ni. from il.s junction with Ihe Ohio Canal. The " Ohio Eagle" (dem.), arul "L. Gazette"' (whig), both publish daily and weekly editions, and the " L. Telegraph" Olem.). is published week- ly. The Wihninglon aud Zanesville E. E. piisses through it. Pop. 3,4s3. Lancysteb, f ., p. city, and cap. Lancaster CO., Perm. : on the right side of, ami 1 ', m. from, Conestoga cr., IS m. from its confluence with the Susquehanna, and l'>4 miles F. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Lat. 40° 02' 80" N., and long. 70° 20' Si" W 109 m. N. N. E. Washington. It is a cond'orlable city, with wide streets crossing eacli other at right angles, well paved, and lighted with gas. The city is divided into four wiu-ds. Mauy of the dwellings have an antique .•ijjpearance, but generally are well built of brick and stone ; and the iuhali- itants are supplied with water by means oi; an artificial basin and conducting pipes. The court-house is a hand- some structure. Pop. in 1810, 5,407 ; in 1820, 0,003 ; in 18:!0, 7.704 ; in 1840, 8,417 ; and in 1850, 12,305. Previous to ISl'J il was the capiuil of the State ; it was originally chartered as a borough m 1754, and was incorporated as a city in ISIS. Lancaster is venerable on account of its associations w ith tho jiast, and remarkable for its modem progress. It has ever been a place of trade, and a main cntrepflt of the eonuucrco between the sea-board and interior. The rapid increase of the city in later days is owing chiefly to its railroad con- nections, and tho consequent development of the vicinity on account of the increased facilities of travel and transporta- tion. The Uncs connecting at this point, 70 miles from Philadelphia, and 87 from Ilarrisburg by route, are the Philadelphia and Columbia K. K., and tho Lancaster and Ilarrisburg E. E. ; forming portions of the great east and west I'me across the State. The improvements of Concof og.-! cr. are also available to Lancaster. Numerous manufactures are carried on in the town and city ; it baa two large cotton mills, 1 steam furnace, 1 rolling mill, and three forges— the latter using water-power— and a largo variety of mechanic shops. Stores of every description arc numerous, and have a large wholesale aud retail trade ; and the large nmnbcr of hotels and taverns are evidence of the prosperous condition of the country trade, which requu'es such accommodation. There are four banks in Lancaster ; and there are, besides the manufactiu-cs above-named, numerous distilleries, brew- eries, potteries, priuling establishments, bhideries, etc. It is also well supplied with chiurches and schools— one of the latter, a well-endowed institution, and fonnerly loiown as Franklin College, founded chiefly by Germans in 17S7; and has several libraries, and other lilemry institutions. Tho pubhc press of the city consists of nine weekly newspapers and one montlily; tho latter being tho "American Law .Journal." The newspapers are, the " Union and Tribune," the " Folks' Friend," the " Examiner and Herald," the "L. Oazetle," and the " American Press and liepubhean" (.ill whig); the " Laneasterian" and "L. Intelligencer" (both dem.), the " Saturday Express" (temperance), and the " Co- lumbia Spy." The city is surrounded by a very fertile, highly cultivated, and populous country. Lancaster, p. v., and cap. Keokuk county, la.: be- tween Skunk river and its N. fork, 39 m. S. W. Iowa City. It contains a court-house, several stores, aud about 30i i inhab- itants. Lancaster, t., p. v., and cap. Grant county, JTm-c. ; 09 m. W. S. W. Madison. Drained by a branch of Grant r., whii'h has considerable fall. Surface uneven, and soil well adaptc.l to wheat. It is in tho mineral region, ami has lead veins in the S part. The v. contains a court-hou-se, high school, several stores, and 300 inhabilauLs. The "Grant County Uerald" (.whig) U published weekly. Pop. of 1. 1,032. LAN' Lakcastee, p. y.. Smith co., Tfna. : on W. side of Caney fork ofCiiiulHTland r., 51 ro. E. by S. NashvlUc. Lanc.\sti:p. C. il.. p- v., ami cap. Laiie:u-ter dist., .S Air. ; on a small branoli of Calawaba r., 4S m. N. by E. Columbia. II contains a couR-liouse, jail, 2 academies, several stores, and 200 inhabitants. LASc.isrrK C. 11., p. v., and cap. Lanca-Sler CO., Tlrg. : B3 m. E. by X. Kichmond. It contains a court-house and several dwellings. L\SDAFF, t. and p. o., Graflon county, X. Tlamp.: Si m. X. by W. fonoord. Drained by brancliM of Ammonoosuc r. Surface much broken. LandalT Mountain is in the E. Soil in the lower parts ver)' fertile. Iron ore is found in the norih. Pop. 04S. LANPrTisviLLE, p. o., Lawroncc CO., Ala. : 157 m. N. X. "W. Montgomery. L.usDGKOvE, t. and p. o., Benninztou CO., Term. : 72 ni. S. by "W. Montpelier. Drained by West r. Surface elevated, and generally too rough for cultivation. Pop. 8.S7. Lan-disbitjgii, p. v.. Perry Co.. P.^nn.: 2S m. W. by >I. Ilarrisburg. Jt contains several stores, and a tUmaco of l.ltXi tons annual capacity. L.onisvTLLi!, p. o., Lancaster CO., Pfnn. : 20 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. L.vNn OF PEO>nsE, p. o., Princess Anne co., Virg. : 102 m. S. E. Richmond. L.v>-DSD0W>-, p. 0., Prince William co., Vlrg. : S4 m. N. Kichmond. Lasdsfoed, p. o., Chesterdist, S.Cee. p. o., Stewart co.. Go. : near Kickafoone cr. of Flint r., 107 m. S. W. Milledgeville. Lansing, p. v., Outagamie CO., HVoc ; 122 m. X. X. E Madison, Lansing, t., p, city, and cap. Ingham co., jl/icA., and cap. of the State of Michig-.m : on the right or N. bank of Grand river, in a direct line, 45S m. X. W. by W. Washington. Lat. 42° 43' X., and long. 84° 29' W. The U is dr.iined by Grand river, which in the centre receives Cedar r. from the E.. and has also several minor streams, all affording an im- mense hydraulic power. Grand r. is here navigable for batteaux ; the surface is level, and the soils rich ami pro- ductive, yielding the grains and esculent veget.ables abund- antly. The city was commenced in 1S17, and on the 251h December of that year Ix-came the permanent seat of the State government; previous to that it was a wildenu-ss, without an inhabit.anr. It is now a place of considerable pretension, and its future is predestined to be one of pros- perity. The streets and squares are well arranged, and its public buildings projected on a scale of more than ordin.iry elegance. The State House, a large .and handsome e/lificc, surrounded by an inclosed park, is situate on an eminence .'JO feet above the river, and overlooking a beautiful region of woodland and inttrvalc. It contains, besides, several steam aud water mills for flouring and s:iwing, and h.as two fine hotels, about 250 dwellings, and 10 or 12 wholes,ile and retail stores. Two newspapers, the '* ilichigan State Jour- nal" (dem.), issued weekly, and the " Primitive Expounder" (whig), semi-weekly. Pop. of 1. 1,226. Lansing, p. v.. and cap. .Mlemakee co., la. : on the right bank of the Mississippi, US in. X. by E. Iowa City. It has a landing on the river, and contains a few stores and dwell- ings. LAxsixGErRG, L and p. v., Rensselaer co., X. Y. : 9 m. N. by E. Albany. Drained by creeks of Hudson r., which on the W. forms its Iwundary. Surface near the river 1 level, in the E. somewhat hilly: soil gravelly and clay loam. The village, at the head of sloop navigation, on the Hudson, is a flourishing place, and with streets intersecting at right angles, and contains many substantial and neal buildings. It has 9 churches, numerous stores, wholesale and retail, hotels, griKeries. etc., a bank, and several cxtens- I ive and importanl manufactures, among which are those LAN LAS of fire-arms, bruslica, iron and copper ware, oil floor-clntli, eic, ami also plaster, flour, and olher mills ; it is nolcd, also, /or its malL Three nL-wspapt-rs arc published in llic v.. the "L. Detiioerat," and the " L. Gazette," both issuctl weekly, and the " Golden Ilule," a nionlhly issue. The v. h:i» also several sehools and a good .ica5s the Hudson connects it with Walerl'ord ; and the Troy and Boston It, 11. passes through it, counecting it with the rail- roads to the North and South. Pop. in ls40, ;5,!J30, and in 1&50, 5.T52, of which about 4,:J0O are in the village. It is one of the most improving \ illages of the State, and with its present facilities of water anwer, and it enjoys a good share of the lake trade. Farms 1,116; nianuf. 122; dwell. 2,124, and pop.— wh. 12,07lt, fr. col. 75— total 12,145. Capital: La Porte. Fuh- lic Worh'i : Xorlhern Indiana li. li. ; Xew Albany and Salem Extension U. 11.; Michigan Central K. li. La Porte, p. o., Warren county, iV;i«. ; ItiG m. X. W. Ilarrisburg, L\ PouTE, p. v., and cap. La Porte co,, lud. : 12S m. X. by M'. Indianapolis. It lies near several ponds on the edge of a prairie, and contains a court-house and jail, a bank, an academy and several high schools, and has an extensive trade in grain and live-stock, with 2,000 inhab- itants. The Iniiiana .Medical College is located here, and in 1S50 ha m. X, X. E. Columbus. Lappox's Cp.os3 Koads. p. o., "Washington co.. Md.: S4 m. X. W. by "W. Annapolis. Laputa, p. o,, Fninktin co,, Kif.: S m. "W. Fra:ikf>rt. Laf-edu, p. v., an"s CoEXEia, p.*o., Ontario county, K. Y.: ITy m. W. byX'. Albany. Laeome, p. o., Somerset co., M^. : 47 in. X. Augusta. Larraree's Point, p. v., Addison co.. Verm. : on the E. side of Lake Chaniphun, near the entrance of Lake George, 4S in. S. W. MontpeliiT. Larry's Creek, p. o., Lycoming county, Penii. : T2 m. X. Ilarrisburg. La KrE county, Ky. Situate centrally, and contains 21S sq. m. Drained by Kolling Fork of Salt r., an affluent of the Ohio, and S. fork of Xolin cr., an affluent of Green r. Surface various; soil fertile, and grazing excellent. Corn, wheat, and tobacco are staple products. Many hogs, horses, and cattle are raised anundance for consumption and export. Farms l.oSlI ; nianuf. 46; dwell. 3,074. and pop.— wh. 17.799, fr. col. IC— t<.tal ]7,S15. Capital: Ottawa. Public Works: Illinois imd Michigan Canal; Chicago and lioek Island II. li. ; Aurora Ex^tcnsioa E. U. ; Illinois Central K. K., etc. 365 LAS LAU La Sallk, t. and p. o., Monroe co., Mich. : on Lake Erie, TS m. S. K. Lansiiiac- Drained by Otrer cr. and Aux Vases r., small streams, enli-ring the lake. Surface level, and soil somewhat sandy, but finely adapted to wheat and grass. Pop. I.IOG. La Salle, p. v.. La Salle co., III. : on the right bank of Illinois r., SG m. N. by E. Springfield. It is at the junction of ihe Illinois and Michigan Canal with the Illinois r., 1 m. above Peru. The r. is navigable for the largest steamboats, and immense quantities of grain are shipped from this point by r. and canal. Huge warehouses line the river bank, and the dwellings occupy the high bluffs a little back. It is chic-fly a commercial place, anti fast increasing in importance and population. Pop. about 3,000. La Sali.e, p. v., Calhoun co., Tex. : on the S. "W. shore of Matagorda Bay, 14T m. S. S. E. Austin City. It is a landing place for steamers, and has a small coasting trade. La Salle, p. o., Kiagara county, N. Y. : 29S m. Vi. by N. Albany. Las Casas, p. v., Rutherford co., Tenit.: 27 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Lassellsvtlle, p. v., Fulton co., JT. K ; on a branch of the Mohawk, 52 m. N. W. by W. Albany. Lassiter's Mills, p. o., Randolph eo,, A^ Car.: 71 m. W. Ealeigh. Las Vegas, p. v., San Miguel co., 2^. Mea:. : on GalPmas r., a branch of the Pecos, 45 m. (direct) E. by S. Santa ¥€. It is on the great route from Fort Leavenworth to Santa F6, and in a sandy valley, made productive by artificial irriga- tion from the Gallinos, which is a small and sluggish stream. It is well laid out, and mostly built of adobe-% or sun-dried bricks, A considerable trade centres here, and it contains several mercantile houses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. LATnROP, p. 0., Susquehanna co., Pewit. : 116 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Latonian Springs, v., Kenton county, Kif. : 4 m. S. Covington. It is a fashion-ible watering-place, and is much resorted to in the summer season. Latkore, sta., Westmoreland co., PemK : on W. division of Pennsylvania R. E., 42 ra. from Pittsburg. Lattas, p. 0., Ross CO., Ohio: 44 m. S. by "W. Columbus. Laubacii, p. o., Northampton co., Pd/m. ; S3 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Lauderdale county, Ala. Situate N. TV., and contains 653 sq. m. It lies between Tennessee r. on the S. and W., and the State of Tennessee on the N., and is drained by Elk r.. Blue "Water and Cypress creeks, and other affluents of the Tennessee. Surface undulating or slightly broken ; soil very fertile. Cotton is the staple, of which great crops are raised. Corn grows about as well, and wheat yields largely. The pastures are very good, and great numbers of swine are fattened. It has a large supply of water-power, mid important and growing manufactures. The Muscle Shoals in the S. E. obstruct the navigation of the Tennes- see, but a long canal has been built around them, and markets are easily accessible. Farms 1,180 ; manuf. 32 ; dwell. 1,S63 ; and pop.— wh. 10,097, fr. col. 60, si, 6,015— totall7,112. CapiUtl: Florence. Public yVbrks: Muscle Shoals Canal, 35^ m. long. Laupebdale county, J/w,?. Situate E. middle, and con- tains 703 aq. m. Drained by ClianUey, Octibbeha, and Backalony creeks, heads of Chickasawlia r., and E. by small affluents of Tombigbee r. Surface varied ; soil of average fertility, producing cotton, com, and oats, and furnishing mast and grazing for many swine and cattle. It has a good growth of pine forest, and a few good mill streams. Farms 922 ; manuf. .SI ; dwell. 1.008; and pop.— wh. 5.029, fr. col. 27, si. 2,G61— total 8,717. Capital: Marion. LAi'DKr.nALE county, Tejai. Situate "W. middle, and contains 474 sq. m. Brained by Forked Deer r. N.. and Big Ilatchio r. S., affluents of the Mississippi, its W. boundarj'. Surface pleasantly diversified, with some low 366 land ; soils various, and mostly of great fertility. Corn, cotton, and tobacco are the agricultural staple?. Swine aro fatted in great numbers. It has considerable water power, which is fast coming into use. Farms 2S" ; manuf. 4; dwell. 563, and pop.— wh. S.397, fr. col. 6, si, 1,766— total 5,169. Capital: Ripley. Lauderdale Fact(^)RV, p. v., Lauderdale county, ^4^^. ; ISl m. N. N. ^y. Montgijmery. There is an extensive cotton factory, and a growing v. of 400 inhabitants. Lauderdale Springs, p. o., Lauderdale co., J/"i.s«. ; 77 m. E. Jackson. Lauguery creek, Ltd.: an affluent of Ohio r., which it joins 2 m. below Aurora. It is a large and valuable mill siream, and is navigable for flat Ixiats nearly 40 m. from its mouth. It rises in the S. E. corner of Decatur co., and runs through Ripley, Ohio, and Dearborn counties. Captain Laugherj-'s company was massacred by the Indiana on this cr., and hence its name. Laugiilintown, p. v., Westmoreland co., Penn,: 118 ra. W. Ilarrisburg. A charcoal furnace, of 1,400 tons annual capacity, is moved by a small stream near it Laura, p. o., Miami eo., Ohio : 69 m. W. Columbus. Lauramir, p. o., Tippecanoe county, Ind. : 65 m. N. "W. Indianapolis. I^AUREL county, JTy. Situate S. E», and contains 355 sq. m. Drained by Rockcastle and Laurel creeks, branches of Cumberland r. Surface uneven ; soil good, better adapted to grazing than grain. Com is the chief cereal. Attention is mostly directed to the rearing of cattle, horses, and swine, and large numbers are sent to market. Farms 2S4; manuf. ; dwell. G71, and pop.— wh. 8,946, fr, col. 7, si. ]92— total 4,145. Capital: London. Public Works: IvnoxviUe and Ohio R. 11. Laurel, p. v., Sussex county, Del: on Broad cr. of Nantieoke r., 39 m. S. Dover. Laurel, p. o., Franklin co., Tnd. : on the W. branch of "White Water r., 52 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. The v. (called Laurel City) is on the Whitewater Canal, and has consider- able manufactures, and a large trade, with 600 inhabitants. Laurel, p. o., Clermont county, Ohio: 86 m. S. W. Columbus. Laurel, p. o., Washington co., Ttrg. : on a branch of S. fork of Holston r., 246 m. W. by S. Richmond. Laurel, p. c, Marion co., Mo. : 82 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. Laurel moxmtains, Penn.^ TTrfir., and Tetm.: a ridge of the Alleghanies, west of the main chain. They extend from Pennsylvania across Virginia to Kentucky, and under Ihe name of Cumberland mountains, divide the two latter States, and cross Tennessee, terminating near its S. border. Laurel Brancr, p. o., Henrico co., Virg. Laurel City, v., Franklin co., Itid.. : on the Whitewater Canal, 14 ni. N. W. BrookviUe. Laubel Creek, p. o., Fayette co., Tenn. : 151 m. W. S.W. Nashville. Laurel Factory, p. v., Prince George's co.. 3M ; on the right bank of Big Patuxent r., 21 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. The Washington Branch E. R. passes the v., 22 ra. from Baltimore. Lautiel Fork. p. o., Bath co., Ki/. : on a cr. of Licking r. so called, GG m. E. FrankforL Laurel Gap. p. o., Greene co., Tenn,: on W. side of Lick cr., 219 m. E. N.-ishville. Laurel Grove, p. c, Pittsylvania co., Virg. : lis m. S. W. by W. Richmond. Laurel Hill, p. o.. Marengo co., Ala. : on Beaver cr. of Tombigbee r., 82 m. W. by S. Montgomery. Laurel Hill. p. o.. Carroll co., Ga. : about 2 m. S. Talla- poosa r., 122 m. W. by N. Milledgcville. Laurel Hill, p. o., Richmond eo., iV^ Car.: near Shoe Ilcel Swamp, 77 m. S. W. by S. Raleigh. Laurel IIill, p. o., Lunenburg co., Virg. : 54 m. S. W. Richmond. LAU LAW Laurel r[rLL,staM^t'Sl Feliciana par., Ln.: 3»'. ." at Ihe west base of (he Blue Ridge, IGo m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Lauieelville, p. v., Westmoreland co., Peiin. : 184 m. W. Ilarrisburg. Laurens county, Ga. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains 7tj;5 sq. m. Intersected by Oconee r., and dranied by its alllacnts. Big, Cool Spring, Palmetto, and Mercer's creeks, and north fork of Little Oemulgee r. Suri'ace considerably broken; soil excellent. Cottnu and corn are the staples. It is a line grazing county, and raises great numbers of ciltle and hogs, and has superior dairies. Its water-power is pN-nlifal. Farms 32S; iiiatmf. G; dwell. G^M, and pop.— wh. 3,450, fr. col. 9, si. 2,9T4— total G,442. Capital : Dublin. Laurexs district, .S. Ciir. Situate N. W., and cont,ains 92i; s<(. m. Bounded S. W. by Saluda r., and N. E. by En- noree r., a branch of Broad r., and drained by their atllucnts. Reedy and Redburn rivers, and Duncan's cr., all flowing into the Santee. Surface much diversified ; in parts hilly ; soil of great fertility— producing fine grass, great crops of corn and wheat, and an iuunense yield of cotton. Cotton is the great staple. Many cattle and sheep are reared, and great quantitiee of pork fatted. It has superior and abund- ant water-power, and limestone and marl are extensively found. Its raanufaelures are large, and much capital is in- vested in making woolen and cotton goods, leather, lumber, flour, etc. Farms 1,603 ; manuf. Ul ; dwell. 2,132, and jxip. — wb. 11,371, fr. col. 83, si. ]l,9r)3— total 23,407. CopikU: Lanrensville. Public WorK'^: Laurens R. E. Lai:rens, t and p. c, Otsego co., jV. Y. : 71 m. W. Albany. Drained ijy Otsego cr. Surface hilly ; soil a rich sandy loam. Fanning is very profitable, and the leading interest. Iron ore is found. The v. called Laurensville is on the cr., and contains two hotels, a foundry, several stores, and 000 inhab- itimts. Pop. oft. 2,1 GS. Laurensville, p. v., aii'I cap. Laurens dist., S. Car: near the head of Little r., G3 m. W. N. W. Columbia. It stands on high land, and eoniains a court-house, jail, 3 acad- emies, 15 stores, and 700 inhabitants. The "L. Herald" Ls published weekly. The p. o. is Laurens C. II. The Laur- ens U. R. extends hence to Helena, on the Greenville and Columi)ia E. E. Laurens Hill. p. o., Laurens co., Gir.: near Eoeky cr., 39 nh S. Milledgeville. Lauretta, p. o., Sauk co., Wise. : SS m. N. "W. Madison. Lausanne, L and p. o., Carbon co.^Penn.: on the "VV. Bide of Lehigh r., 72 ni. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Surface mount- ainous, and soil unpropitious for farming. It is rich in coal, and Ihe Beaver Meadow mine lies within it. A caiuil fol- lows tlie Lehigh, with which several railroads connect the mines. LAVAcrA county, Teccas. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 1,064 sq. m. Drained by Lavacca r., its branches, J*milher"s, Clark's, Supple .Tack, and Big and Little lirtishy creeks. Na\idad r., and its branches. Upper and Lower Rocky, Nixon's, and Sanrly creeks. Surface mostly undulat- ing, intersected in plaecs by ravines, generally of no great depth ; soil a rich black mold near the stream, with a suh- Btratum of reddish loam, which, mixed, are of a cliocolatc color, indicative of, and peculiar to, the finest lands in the Stale. Back of Ihe rivers is more sandy, but scarcely less fertile. Thestrcamsareskirtcd with heavy timber; between llu-m are a few prairies. Corn and cotton yield enormously, and most other crops are heavy. The grazing is peculiarly fine, and horses and cattle, requiring little or no attention, are reared in great numi)ers for the eastern markets and ex- portation. Indigo is easily raised, and peaches, figs, and melons arc abundanl. Farms 139; manuf. 0; dwell. 203, and pop.— wh. I,l;i9, fr. col. 0, si. 4;j2— total l,r>71. Capital : Petersburg. Lavansville, p. v., Somerset co., Penn.: 117 m. "W. by S. Ilarrisburg. Lavona, p. 0., Lucas co., 0?t. : 112 m. N. N.W. Columbus. Lawn RintiE, p. o., Marshall e->imty, ///. ; S7 m. north Springfield. Lawrence county, Aln. Situate N. W.. and contains 7."i3 sq. m. Bounded N. by Tennessee r., and drained by its af- fluents, and S. by head streams of Black Warrior r. Surface much diversified ; in the S. elevated ami broken, in the N. less broken, witli some marshes; soil of great fertility. Cot- ton and corn are the leading and almost exclusive staples. The annual yield of each is very large — among the highest in the State. Large numbers of cattle, and especially of swine, .are fattened for consumption and export It has m.any mill streams and growing manufactures, and excellent facilities for marketing its staples. Farms 930; manuf. 24; dwell. 1,469, and pop.— wh. 8,;it3, fr. col. 63, si. G,&52— total 15,25^. Capital: Moulton. Public ^Vorkfi: Memphis and Charleston E. R. Lawrence county, ArJc. Situate N. E., and contains 1,363 sq. m. Big Black r., a branch of White r., runs S. through the E. of the eo., and the W. is drained by its aftlu- ents. Spring and Strawberry rivers, with their branches. Caehe r., another branch of White r., is ila E. boundary. Surface in the E. low and level ; generally undulating, or slightly broken; soil fertile, adapted equally to grass or grain, and producing superior qualities of both. Corn is the staple. It is an excellent wheat region, and produces good crops of nearly every thing planted. The streams are heavily lun- bercd with pine, ash, and oak, and the forests furnish mast for vast berds of swine. The Big Black is navigalile through the CO. Farms 601; manuf. 0; dwell. SDO, and po|). — wh. 4,.S^3, fr. col. 4, si. .3SS— total 5.274. Capitol: Smithville. Lawrence county, ///. Situate S. E., and contains 3M sq. ra. Drained by Embarras r. and ibt branches, and Bompas and Fox creeks, affluents of Wabash r., its E. bound- ary". Surface undulating or level ; soils various ; in the N". E. are large swami)S, on the Embarr.as r. rich bottoms, and W. large prairies, with good timber on tlie streams. Mueh of Uie CO. is fine land, and in gixjd cultivation. Com, wheat, beef, and pork are stajiles. Farms 656; manuf. 26; dwell. 1,057, and pop.— wh.5,S43,fr. col. 27S— total 6.121. CapiUtl: Lawrencevllle. PithliG IPorA:*" ; Cincinnati and St. Loui.i Railroad. Lawrence county, Tnff. Situate S. centrally, and contains 43s sq. m. Intersected by E. fork of While r., and drained by its branches, Indian, Salt, I^atherwood, and Outhrie'.s creeks. Surface generally rolling, with some hilly and broken land ; soil excellent, and limber abimdant. Corn, wheat, pork, cattle, and horses arc the chief exports, pork being a very large one. Limestone is found in abundance. Farms 1,031 ; manuf. 19 ; dwell. 2,012, and pnp._%\ h. 12,(H13, fr. col. 94— total 12,007. a?y;/^a^; Bedford. Puhlic Works: New Albany and Salem R. E. Lawrence county, lOj. Situate N. E., and contains 442 sq. m. Bounded E. by Big Sandy r., and drained E. by ita l>ranehes, Weslfork and Blanes creeks, and W. by heads of Little Sandy r., flowing N. into the Ohio. Svirfuee moder- ately hdly ; soil of great productiveness. Corn is the staple grain; wheat, oats, and rye jield well. This co. is abund- antly supplied with excellent pastures, and grazing is a leading interest. Its cattle and swine are superior, and reared in large numbers for N. and K. marki'ts. Horses of a fine breed are also sent to Virginia and Maryland. It has good salt springs. Farms 655; manuf. 10; dwull. OsO, and pop.— wh. 6,14.3, fr. col. 1, si. 137— total 0,2S1. Cajntal: Louisa. Lawrence county, JA'.s.fl. Situate S. W.,and contains 796 sq. m. Pearl r. passes S. through the eo., and its afHuenIa drain it ; E., Silver and White Sand creeks, W., Babala or., 367 LA.W LAW Fair r., Falling cr., and heads of Bogue Chitto. Surface mostly imi-vun. without heing rough; soil ferlile. Cotton is Ihc leading iirodutt; corn and potatoes give good returns, ami rice is cultivated. Cattle and 8wine are raised largely. It has good mill streams, and some pine timber. Farms 4,vS; maiiuf. 12 : dwell. 013, and pop.— wh. 3,549, fr. col. 0, si. -JjUJO— total 0,-HS. aipitul : Montleello. L.^wtuiNCE county, Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 573 sq. m. Drained by Spring r.. Centre cr., and Neh-hah r. flowing W. and into Arkansiis r, and by heads of Sac r. flowing N. into the Osage. The Ozark mountains lie on its F. horrier, and the surface is nmeli broken, giving rise to many streams and good water-power. The streams are small, hut skirted with timber, and, in the lower parts, rich bolloms. The soil is well fltte.l for grazing, and parts are excellent grain land. Cattle and corn are the staples. Farms 4.1UT; manuf. 5; dwell. T48, and poji.— wh. 4,(iu7, fr. tol. 4, si. 248— total 4,S.i9. CopiM : Mount Vernon. L.^wni'.NCE county, Ohio. Contains an area of 44?ll sq. m., nnower. It contains a comt-house, bank, several academies, 3 large flouring mills, a very largo distillery, and numerous minor manufactories. Its advant- ages for trade and commerce arc great, ami tho shipping business very heavy. The Lawreneeburg and Upper Mis- sissippi E. It. commences here, and is connected with the Cincinnati and St Louis E. P.. near the city The '• Indiana LAW LEB lIco:ister" (dem.), and '* Independent Press," are published weekly. Incorporated a city 1846. Pop. 3/»00. LAWRENCKinrncf, p. v., and cap. Anderson co.. A'//.; 9 m. S. Frankfort, It coiitaioa a court-house, jail, academy, and cevcral stores. LAWitENCEBUECr, p. V., Armstrong co., Penn.: on the W. bank of Alleghany r., I5:i m. W. N. W. llarrisburg. A furnace of 1,400 tons annual capaeity is near it, and the Alleghany Valley U. E. passes llirnugh it. La\vi:en(:fbup.g, p. v., and cap. L:iwrcnce co.. Tenn, : on Slioal er. of Tennessee r., 67 m. S. by W. Nashville. It con- tains a court-house, jail, an academy, high school, a bardc, several stores, and 400 inhabitants. A weekly paper, the '' Middle Tcnnessean" (whig), is published. Lawbescepoet, p. v., Lawrence co., Ind. : on Driftwood r,, 6S m. S. by W. Indianapolis. LAwr.ENrE's, sta,, Colleton dist, S. Car.: on the South Carolina K. It.. 2S ni. from Charleston. Lawkenceville. p. v., and cap. Monroe county, ^r/-. ; about 4 m. E. of "White r, 62 m. E. by S. Little Eock. It contains a court-house and sevLTal stores. Lawkesceville, p. v., and cap. Gwinnett co., Ga. : SI m. N. ^V. by N. Milli'dgeviilc. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, several large stores, and ;550 inhabitants. Lawrenceville, p. v., and cap. Lawrence co.. lU. : on the W. side of Emb.irras r., 131 m. S. K. by E. Springfield. The V. contains tlie county buildings, several stores and mills, and .350 inhabitants. The "L. Banner" (whig) is published weekly. Laweencevixle, p. v., Dearborn co.. Jrid. ; 76 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Laweenceville, p. v., Mercer co., y^. J^r. : 6 m. N. N. E. Trenton. It contains an academy, several stores, and 200 inhabitants. Lawrescevti.le, p. y. and sta., St. Lawrence co,, J^. Y. : 15G m. N. N. W. Albany. The station is 41 miles E. of Ogdensburg. on the Northern (Ogdensburg) ii. E. Lawresckville, p. V. and sta., Tioga co., Pfnn.: on Tioga r.. which supplies it with water-power. 112 miles K. by W. Ilarrisburg. It has a large trade in lumber. The sla. is on the Corning and Blossburg E. E., 15 m. firom Coming. Lawrenceville, p. 0., Henry co., Ala. : 94 m. S. S. E. Montgomery. LAWRKSCF.vrLLK. p. V., and rap. Brunswiek co., Tlrff. : on a branch of Mt-herrin r., 55 m. S. 3. W. Eichm >nd. It conlains a court-house, Jail, academy, several stores, and 400 inhabitants. Lawsonville, p. v., Eockingham co., JV' Car.: 77 m. N. W. by W. lialeigh. Lawsville Centre, p. o., Susquehanna county, Penn.: 118 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Lawtox, p. o., Van Buren co., MieJi. : 8.3 m. W. by S. Lansing. Lawtostille, p. c, Beaufort dist., S. Car. : S4 m. S. by "W. Columbia. Lawyer-svillb, p. T., Schoharie county, K. r; ; on the Cobleskill, .36 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills and '200 inhabitants. Laysville, p. v.. New London co.. Conn. Laytonsville, p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : "W. N. W. Annapolis. Lazaretto, sta., Delaware county. P^nn,: 11 m. fi-om Philadelphia, on the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Balti- more li. E. Leachman, p. o., Buchanan co., Mo.: near the Missouri, ICo m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Leacock, t. and p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 42 m. E. ?. E, Ilarrisburg. Drained by Conestoga and Pecquea creeks. Surface even, and soil rich. It has fine mill streams and large flouring mills, distilleries, and various inanufactur- ing es:ablishments. Pop. 3.S29. Leading Greek, p. o., Lewis county, Virg. : near the branch of Little Kanawha r. eo called, 195 m. "W. N. W. Eichmond. Leadsville, p. o., Eandolph county, Virg.: 158 m. N. W. by W. Eichmond. Leadvale, p. o., Jefferson co.. Teim. .-193 m. E. Nashville. Leake county, J/^.w. Situate centrally, and contains C35 sq. m. Drained by Pearl r. and iU branches, Tuscalanieta, Vocanucani, and Yalobusha creeks, which furnish some water-power. Surface pleasantly diversified, without great elevations ; soil of average fertility. Cott^-m is the staple product. Com yields good crops. Great numbers of cattle and hogs are raised, and beef and b.acon are considerable exports. Farms 437; manuf. 4; dwell. 635, and pop.— wh. 3,9$2, fr. col. 2, si. 1.549— total 5,533. Capital : Carthage. Leake's Store, p. o., Washita co., Ark. : 7S m. S. S. W. Little Eock. Leakesville, p. v., Newton co., Ga.: 45 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Leakesville, p. v., and cap. Greene co,, MIrs. : on Chickasawha r.. 118 m. S. E. by E. Jackson. It contains a court-house and jail, and a few houses and stores. Leaksville. p. v., Eoekingham co., Al Car. : near the confluence of Smith's and Dan rivers, 91 m. N. W. by W. Ealeigh. Leander, p. 0., Graves county, K'j.: 229 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Leasrueo, p. 0., Caswell county, N. Car. : on Tvcotee r., 62 m. N. W. Ealeigh. Leatherwood, p. o., Guernsey co., Ohio: on the or. so called, S3 m. E. Columbus. Leatueewood, p. o., Clarion co., Pmn.: 143 m.W. N.W. Ilarrisburg. A furnace of 1,400 tons annual capacity is located here. Leatheuwood's Store, p. c, Uenry co., Virg. : 143 m. S. W. by W. Eichmond. Lkavensworth, p. 0., Darlington dist., S. Car. : 59 m. E. N. E. Columbia. Lbavitt, p. o., Carroll county, Ohio: 106 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Lebasox county, Pen7i. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 376 sq. m. Drained by Swatara cr., an affluent of the Susquehanna, and its branches. Surface moderately uneven, with some broken tracts; soil exceedingly rich, constituting an excellent farming and dairy co., where wheat, rj-e. com, oats, and potatoes thrive almost equally, and all produce largely, where cattle and sheep flnd the best of grass, and the products of the dairy are hardly surpassed. But it has also abundant water-power, good timber, and great quantities of iron ore and coal. It3 manufactures are various and extensive, but cast and wrought ironware is the most important product. Woolen goods and earthen- ware are largely made. Farms 1,449 ; manuf 146 ; dwell. 4.452; and pop.— wh. 25,9S5, fr. col. 66— total 26,071. Capital: Lebanon. Public Works: Union Canal. Lebanon, p. v., and cap. De Kalb co., Ala. : on W. aide of Big Wills cr. of Coosa r., 1:34 m. N. by E. Montgomery. It contains a court-house, jail, L^. S. land office, several stores, and 300 inhabitants. Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Searcy en., Arl: : on the S. side of Buffalo fork of White r., 85 m. N. N. W. Little Eock. The v. consists of a court-house and a few dwellings. Lebanon, p. o., Laclede county, Mo. : GQ m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. Lebanon, t., p. v., and sta.. New London co., Conn.: 26 m. E. S. E. Hartford. Drained by branches of Yanlic r., which afford numerous mill-seats. Surface hilly, but not rugged ; soil a deep mold, and exceediugly fertile. Farm- ing and the dairy engross attention, and their products are not exceeded in amount or quality by any t, in the State. It has also several miUs and factories. Tlie New London, WUlimantic, and Palmer E. E. crosses the E. part, and the sta. is. 8 m. S. of Willimantic. The v. lies near the centre, and consists of a wide street, about 1 m. long, and mostly, lEB though not compactly buUt, with a flourishing academy. I'op. of 1. 1,901. LEBi.N<>x, p. o., Cobb CO., Oa, : about 3 m. N. Cliatta- hoochee r., 9S m. N. W. Milledgeville. Lebakos, p. v., St. Clair co., III. : 85 m. S. Springfield. It has considerable manufactures, though destitute of water- power, and contains an academy, several stores, and 600 inhabitants. M'Kendree College, founded in 1S35, is located here, and in 1850 had 9 instructors, 72 alumni, of whom 23 were ministers, 83 students, and 7,000 volumes in its library. The " Illinois Advocate" (Meth.) is published weekly. Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Boone co., Intl. : 24 m. N. W. Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, several stores, and 600 inhabitants. The Lafayette and Indianapolis K. E. passes through it, 37 m. from Lafayette. Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Marion CO., Ay. ; on a small branch of Salt r., U m. S. by W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores and workshops, and 700 inhabitants. Lebanon, t. and p. o., York co.. Me. : 87 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. Drained by branches of S.almon Falls r., which separates it from N. Hanip., and furnishes water-power. Surface uneven, and soil well adapted to farming and grazing, which are the leading interests. Pop. 1,473. Lbbanon, t and p. v., Grafton Co., y. Ilamp. : on the Connecticut r.,45 m. N.W. Concord. Drained by Mascomy r, which, rising in a pond on its E. line, flows through it into the Connecticut, and affords fine water-power. It contains extensive meadows on both the rivers, and is an excellent forming region. Yeins of lead and iron ore are found. The V. is in a plain, near the centre, at the falls of Maseomy r., and has extensive trade, and valuable manufactures. It contains a bank, an academy, and several stores and mills. The " Granite State Whig" is published here weekly. It is on the Northern E. K., i m. from its connection with the Vermont Central E. K., at "White Kiver Junction. Pop. of t 2,136. Lebanon, t. and p. v., Hunterdon county, MJ.:W m. N. by W. Trenton. Drained by Spruce P.un and S. branch of P.aritan r. Surface hilly : soil rich loam, well cultivated. The Blreams furnish many mill-sites, which are much improved in various manufactures. The New Jersey Central R. K. crosses tlie t., and the sta. is 51 m. from New York. The v. contains an academy, several distilleries and stores, and 500 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,127. Lebanon, t. and p. o., Madison county, iVI K ; 93 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. and its branches, which furnish power for many small mills. Surlhee uneven ; soil clayey loam, and very productive of grain. It is a farming t. Pop. 1,709. Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Warren county, OMo ; 72 m. S. W. by W. Columbus. Turtle cr. furnishes some water- power, and flour, iron, and woolen goods are manufactured. It contains a court-house, jail, and academy, and is the terminus of a branch of the Miami Canal. The " Western Star" (whig) is published weekly. Pop. 2,088. Lebanon, p. b., and cap. Lebanon county, Venn. : 24 m. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. The b. contains a court-house, jail, and other county buildings, an academy, 2 furnaces, pro- ducing 7,000 tons of iron per annum, a bank, a dozen stores, and several large warehouses on the Union Can.al, which pa.sses it 83 m. from Middletown, its terminus, on the Susquehanna. Four weeklies are published, the "L. Courier" (whig), and the " L. Advertiser," " L. Democrat," and " True Democr.at" (dem.) Pop. about 3.000. The t. is drained by Swatara cr. and brandies, and has an uneven face and generally fertile soil. Leather, earthen ware, and iron are the leading mechanical products. Pop. of t. 7,360. Lebanon, p. o., Abbeville dist, S. Car. : 73 m. W. by N. Columbia. Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Wilson co., Tenn. : on a branch of Cumberland r., 27 m. E. Nashville. It has a pleasant location amid a great tobacco district, and contains a conrt- 870 LEE house, jail, 3 academies, 20 stores, and 1,700 inhabitanla lu the vicinity arc extensive cotton factories. Cumberland University was founded here in ISH, and in 1860 had 6 instructors, 30 alunmi, of whom 21 were ministers, 63 stu- dents, and a hbrary of 5,000 volumes. Connected with the University is a Law School, which had in 1850 8 instructors and 66 students. Two weekly papers arc published, Iho " L. Packet" (whig) and " Banner of Peace." Lebanon, p. v., and cap. Kussell Co., Virff. : near Big Cedar cr. of Clinch r., IGS m. W. by S. liichmond. It contains the county buildings, and several stores and dwellings. Lebanon Whitb Sclpiii^e Spkinqs, p. o., Augusta Co., rirg. : 86 m. W. N. W. Eichmond. Le Claiee, p. v., Scott CO., la, : on the Mississippi, 62 m. E. by S. Iowa City. Le Co.mpte Vallet, p. o., (Unknown) Co., Utah Ter. Ledlies, p. o., Meigs Co., Ohio : 63 m. 8. E. Columbus. Ledtaed, t. and p. v.. New London CO., Cy N. Ilarrisburg. It is on the AV. division of the Pennsylvania Canal, 37 ra. from Pittsburg. Leechtille, p. 0., Beaufort co., 2^. Cur. : 112 m. E. by S. Kaleigh. Leeds, t. anm the Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E., 44 m. from Portland. Leedsville. p. v., Monmouth co., 2T. Jei\: about 1 ni.W. of Navesink r., 33 m. E. by N. Trenton. Leedsville, p. v., Duchess co. , K Y. : on Ten Mile cr 5S m. S. by E. Albany. It contains a bank, several mills, and 450 inhabitants. Leepertown, p. T., Bureau county, III.: 116 m. N Springfield. Leksborough, t., Montgomery co., Md. : see Cottagei Leeseurg, p. o. Cherokee co., Ala.,: 126 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. Leesbueq, p. T., Kosciusko co., Ind. : 107 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Leesburg, p. o., Harrison coimty, K>j. : 31 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Leesburg, p. v., Highland co., Ohio: 62 m. S. W. by S. Columbus. The Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkersburg E. E. passes the v. 50 m. from Cincinnati. Leesburg, p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : on the E. side of Neshanock cr.. \^l ra, W. N. W. Harrisburg. On the creek is a furnace of 900 tons annual capacity. Leesburg, p. v., "Washington county, Tenn.: 235 m, E. Nashville. It contains several stores, a high school, and 200 inhabitants. Leesburg, p. v., and cap. Loudon co., Virg. : about 2 m. W, of the Potomac, 107 m. N. Eiehmnnd. It occupies a commanding position at the base of Kittoctan Mountains, is tastefully laid out, and has a fine aqueduct leading from the hills. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank, 3 aca- demies, 30 stores, several manufactories, and about 8,000 inhatiitants. The " Washingtonian" and Loudon Chron- icle" are published weekly. Lee's Cove, p. o., Shelby county, Ala. : 59 m. N. N. W. Montgomery. Lee's Creek, p. o., Clinton county, Ohio: 56 m. S. "W. Columbus. Lee's Cross Eoads, p. c, Cumberland co., Penn. : 29 m. W. S. "W. Harrisburg. Lee's Mills, p. o., Owen co., Ky. : N. Frankfort. Leesport, p. o., Berks county, Penn.: 4S m. E, by N". Harrisburg. Lee's Eidge, p. c. Eandolph co., -4/a. .- 73 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. Leesville, p. T., Middlesex co.. Conn. Lhesville, p. v., Lawrence county, Ind.: 03 miles S. Indianapolis. Leesville, p. v., Hart county, Ky.: on Bacon cr., 74 m, S. S. W. Frankfort. Leesville, p. v., Schoharie CO., A'i Y. : 49 m. W. by N. Albany. Leesville, p. t., Eolieson co., K Car. : on a branch of Lumber r., S'J m. S. by "W. Ealeigh. Leesville, p. t., Carroll county, Ohio : 95 m. E. N. E, Columbus. Leesville, p. o., Lexington dist., S. Car. : 27 m. W. by S. Columbia. Leestille, p. v., Campbell co., Virg, : at the junction of Goose cr. and Stanton r., 104 m. W. S. "VV. Eichmond. It contains several mills and 150 inhabitants. Leesville Cross Eoads, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio : 57 m. N. by E. Columbus, Leetown, p. v., Jefferson co., Virg. : on Ocoquan r., 124 m. N. by W. Eichmond. It contains several mills and 200 inhabitants. Lee Vallet, p. o., TTawkins county, Tenn.: 3 m. S. of Clinch r., 236 m. E. by N. Nashville. Lefever, p. c, Bartholomew co., Ind : 83 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Leflore, p. c, Carroll county, Miss. : 83 m. N. by E. Jackson. Legal Law, p. v., York dist., S. Cranches. The Blue IJidge occupies the N. border, and parts of the county are brolien — most is delight- fully varied ; soil generally excellent, raising line crops of wheat, corn, rye, and oats, and feeding large dairies. It has much water-power, ami its manufactures are very large. The chief of these is iron, which Is found in abundance, with inexhaustible beds of coal in the vicinity. Cotton and woolen goods, powder, leather, stoneware, and distilled liquors are also made. Farms 2,0T4; manuf. 270; dwell. 5,089, and pop.— wh. 82,431, fr. eol. 48-tolal S2,479. Cap- ital: Allentown. Puhlic Works: rhiladelphia and Dela- ware VTater Gap E. E.; Easton and Mauch (_ hunlc P.. E. Lehigh river, P«in.; a tributary of Delaware river. II rises in Luzerne county, near Wilkesbarre, and flows about 100 m. to Easton. Along this river, by means of locks, dams, and canals, a navigation is opened from Easton to ■Whitehaven, 841 m., "f wli'ch SOi eonsLsl of pools, 89J of canal, 2} of locks, and tho remainder of sluices. This forms a most important opening to the coal mines, to which rail- roads are continued. The river in its upper |)art is a rapid mountain stream, with many falls and cascades. Lehigh Gap, p. v.. Carbon co., Pemi. : 74 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. The Lehigh r. hero passes through the Blue Mountain, which rises about 1.200 feet above the chanucl on either hand, and forms a spectacle of great grandeur. ■Water cement is made in the v. from limestone found here. A few miles distant are 2 bloomeries and a charcoal forge, ■which together make 220 tons of bars per annum, mostly from the magneclic ores of New Jersey. Leuighton, p. v.. Carbon co., Peiui. : on Lehigh r., 76 Xn. N. E. Harrisburg. A bridge crosses tho river. In and near the v. are 2 bloomery forges, producing 76 U)ns of bars per annum, and a charcoal furnace of 2.000 tons capacily. Lehmau, t. and p. o., Luzerne county, Peii:i. : 82 m. N. E. by N. Harr'isbiirg. Drained by Lehman's, Harvey's, and other creeks, which furnish fine mill-sites. Surface much broken, and soil good. Farming anil grazing are the principal pursuits. LmoBSTEB, t. and p. v., 'Worcester co., Maxs. : 46 m. Vf. Boston. It lies on the highest land between Boston Harbor and the Connecticut, and has many hills, from which de- scend branches of Chicopee, Quinnebaug, and Blaokstonc rivers, alTording numerous mill-seals. Surface very uneven, and soil deep and fertile. It contains many excellent farms and large dairies and orchards. 'Woolen and cotton goods are largely manufactured, and machinery of various kinds, cards, combs, chairs, cabinel-warc, farming implements, boots and shoes, etc. The 'Western E. E. has a sla. in the E. part 9 m. W. Worcester. Tho v. is on a hill command- ing an extensive and charming view, is beautifully laid out, and contains a celebrated and well-endowed academy, in- corporated in 17S4, a bank, several hotels, stores, and work- shops, and many eleg,ant mansions. Pop. of t. 2.209. Leioestee, t. and p. o., Addison Co., Verm, : 88 m. 8. 'W. Montpelier. Drained by Otter cr. and its branches. Great Trout Pond, a large sheet of water, lies partly in it on the N. Surface broken, and in the E. mountainous ; soil, except in the highest parts, a fertile sandy loam, with some clay flats. The Ilutland and Burlington K. E. crosses the 'W. part along Otter cr. Pop. 696. Leightos, p. v., Lawrence co., Ma. : 171 m. N. N. 'W. Montgomery. The Memphis and Charleston E. E. passes LEiGirroN'8, p. 0., Yalabusha co., Mitt. : US m. N. by E. Jackson. ' „ „ „- Leigiiton's Cobsees, p. 0., Carroll co., K Hump. : 86 m. N. E. Concord. Leii-ek's Fork, p. o., 'Williamson co., Term, : on a branch of Harpetl r. so called, 22 m. S. S. 'W. Nashville. Leipeesville, p. v., Delaware CO., Pmin.: about 1 m. 872 LEJT from Delaware r., 64 m. E. by 8. Harrisburg. A canal, 2 m. long, leads through it from stone quarries on Eidley's cr. to the Delaware. Leipsic, p. v., Kent co., Dd. : on Little Duck cr., T m. N. Dover. Leipsic, p. o., Putnam co., Ohio : 95 m. N. W. by N. Columbus. Lkistvillb, p. v., Pickaway county, Ohio: 2-3 m. S. Columbus. Leiteesburg, p. v., 'Washington CO., Md.: 2 m, E. of Antietam cr., 77 m. N. V. Annapolis. Pop. 29S. Lelasau county, Jfich, Situate N. 'W. on Lower Penin- sula, and conuiins 0S7 sq. m. Bounded W. and N. by Lake Michigan, and N. E. by Grand Traverse Bay, and drained by Belsie r., and other small rivers flowing into the lake. Surface in parts low and marshy, with bold blutTs on the lake shore and hills farther back. It has numerous ponds filled with fine fish, and Is well timbered, the last being the the chief attraction, as the co. is little settled. It includes Great and LitUe Manilou islands, which have a beautiful appearance on tho water, and are resorted to for hunting and fishing. Unorganized in 1S50. Leland's Mill, p. o., Sauk co., Wise. Lemisgton, t. and p. o., Essex county, V^rw. : on the Connecticut, 67 m. N. E. Montpelier. Drained by several small streams, on one of wliieh is a beautiful cascade of 50 feet. Surface mountainous, and mostly incapable of culti- vation. Pop. 187. Lemon Place, sta., Lancaster CO., Penn, : 12 m. E. of Lancaster, on the Columbia and Philadelphia E. E. Lexiont, p. v., Cook county, J II.: 167 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Lempster, t. and p. 0., Sullivan co., K Hamp. : 83 m. 'W. Concord. Drained by heads of Cold and Sugar rivers, which supply water-power. Surface uneven, and in the E. mountainous ; soil best adapted to grass. It contains several small manufactories. Pop. 900. Lbnawee county, Mich. Situate 8. E., and contains "83 sq. m. Drained by Eaisin r. and its branches, Macon and Little Eaisin rivers, and Bear, 'Wolf, and Evan's creeks, and N. and S. branches of P.aisin r. ; and W. by Tiffin's or Bear cr. of the Maumee. Surface mostly undulating— in the N. somewhat hilly ; soil a black, sandy loam, free from stone, and very prolific of wheat, com, oats, and grass— a superior farming or grazing co. The S. is well timbered. In tho N. 'W. are several large ponds or lakes, the largest being Michemanetuc, or Devil's Lake, 'Wampler's and Evans's, and the co. is abundantly supplied wiln excellent water- power, and has extensive manufactures. Marl is abundant, and good iron ore is found. 'Wheat, corn, live-stock, beef, and pork arc leading exports. Farms 2,470; manuf. 150; dwell. 4.892, and pop.— wh. 26,2S2, fr. col. 90— total 26,373. Capital : Tecumseh. PiMio Works : Michigan Southern E. E. ; Erie and Kalamazoo E. E. ; Tecumseh Branch Eailroad. Lesn's Cbeek, p. 0., Kan.iwha county, Tlrg.: 137 m. •W. N. W. Eichmond. Lenoir county, A^. Car. Situate S. E., and contains 353 sq. m. Intersected by Kcuse r., and drained by Mockasin and Trent rivers, and smaller branches of it. Surface mostly level or slightly uneven ; soil on the streams rich, but back of them sandy and much less fertUe. Corn is the chief crop; wheat, cotton, sweet potatoes, and, in the marshes, rice, are successfully cultivated. It has considerable excel- lent pine timber and some water-power. Farms 362 ; m.anuf. 17 ; dwell. 702, and pop.— wh. 8,567, fr. col. 145, si. 4,116— total 7,S23. t'i(/)ir<;/ .■ Kingston. fuWic H'w'A'S ; Goldsboro' and Newbern E. E. (projected). Lenoir, p. v., and cap. (Caldwell co., 2f. Car. : 166 m. \f. by N. Ealeigh. It contains a court-house and jail, and several dwellings. Lenoir's, p. o., F.oane county, Tmn.: 141 m. E. by S. Nashville. LEN LER Lenox, I., p. x-, and cap. Berkshire co., Ma^s. : 115 ni. W. Boston. PniiiiL^fl by Iloiisatonic r., which flows on iU E. bonier, and iiffonls some wiiter-powcr. Surface checkeri-'d wilh rugscd hills and lovely valleys, and soil very produc- tirc. It has rich dcixisits of iron ore and quarries of beauti- ful marble, both of which are wrought, t)ut is chiefly a farming town, the attractive scenery of wltlch has made it the favorite retrcatof genius, native and foreign, and a sum- mer resort of the beauty and fashion of the land. The v. is neatly built on elevated ground, and contains a court-house, jail, an academy, founded in IS03, and many elegant man- sions. The Ilousatonic K. R. passes along the river, and Lenox 6t;i. is 9 m. S. of Pittsfield. Pop. of t. 1,593. Lends,!, and p. o., Madison co., K V. : lOS m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by Oneida, Canaseraga, Cowaseon, and Chitlcnango creeks, flowing into Oneida Lake, its N. boundary. It is a large t, and has an extensive swamp in (ho N. The surface is mostly level, and soil adapted to wheat, and very fertile. It contains an academy, and sev- eral manufactories. The Syracuse and Utiea R. R. and Erie Canal cross the town. On the latter is the v. of Lenox Basin, where are several stores and warehouses, 27 m. E. of Syracuse. Pop. fif L 7,r)9r. Lbnos, t. and p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 161 ra. N. E. Columbus. Drained by branches of Grand r. Surface un- even, and soil generally god. Pop. 731. Lekox, t. and p. o., Susquehanna co., Penn. : 112 m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Tunkhannoek and Martin's creeks. Surface rough, and soil adapted to pastur- age. Timber is largely exported. The Lackawanna and ■Western li. R. crosses the W. part. Lenox, t. and p. o., M'Comb co., Mich. : S7 m. E. Lansing. Drained by branches of Clinton and Saline rivers. It is well timbered, and has a salt spring in the S. parL Pop. 654. Lknox C.vstle, p. 0., Rockingham co., ^T. Car. : 73 m. N. W. by W. Raleigh. Lenox Fcrnace, p. o., Berkshh'e co., Mass.: 116 m. W. Boston. Lrnostii.t,e, p. v.. Susquehanna co., Peiin. : IIG m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Leo, p. o., Allen co., ImL: V2S m. N. E. by E. Indian- apolis. Leo. p. o., ■Washington co,, JV. Cur. : 119 m. E. Raleigh. Leo, p. o., Habersham county, Gu. : 107 m. N. by "W. Milledgeville. Leominsteii. t and p. v., Worcester co., JAa.v.t. ; 37 m. "W. N. W. Boston. Drained by brandies of Nashua r., on wliich are many fine mill privileges. Surface moderately uneven, with no large hills; soil clayey and mostly of ex- cellent quality — on the large streams are extensive meadows, iiich rock alum is found. Farming and grazing are the chief occupations ; but numerous ami various manufactories are operated. Paper, cabinet-ware, boots and shoes, combs, chairs, harnesses, carriages, and mechanics' tools are made. The v. contains an academy and several stores. The Fitchburg R. R. and Eitchburg and Worcester R. R. pass through the L The station of the latter is 9 m. S. of Fitch- burg. Pop. of t. 3,121. Leon county, Flor. Situate N. middle, and contains 9S5 sq. m. Drained by Little and Ocklockony rivers, which bound it W., and St. Mark's r., all flowing into Ajipalachee Bay. Surface moderately uneven, with low marshes in parts, and largely covered wilh a growth of pine; soil various — much is very fertile. It has large ponds or lakes in the N., but its streams are small, though furnishing many mill-seats. Cotton is the great staple, and is raised in very large quantities. Com and sweet potatoes yield well, and some sugar is made. Farms 356; manuf. 15; dwell. 737, and pop.— wh. 3,1S3, fr. col. 46, si. 8.2()S— total 11.432. Ciipital: Tallahassee. FuUic Works: St. Marks and Tal- laba-ssee R. R. Leon county, Tea^. Situate E. centrally, and contains 3,1S4 sq. m. Bounded "W. by Xavasoto r., a branch of the Brazos, and E. by Trinity r. Drained W. by Birch and Deer creeks: E. by Alligator, Buflulo, Upper and Lower Keechi, Leona, and Boggy creeks. Surface undulating — in the E. are hills of gentle .ascent, but no great elevation ; soil on the Navasoto and Trinity a deep loam, variously mixed with sand and clay, and of great fertility — in the S., between the rivers, are sandy ri^;n..' 109m-N.N.E. Harrisburg. It contains an academy, several stores, and 300 inhabitants. Lk Roy, p. v., M'Lean county, III. : 53 m. N. E. by E. Springfield. Le Roy, t. and p. v., Genesee co,. K. Y. : 226 m.W. by N. Albany. Drained by Allen's cr., which affords great water- power. Surface mostly level ; soil sandy loam, and exceed- ingly productive of wheat and other grain. The Buffalo, Corning, and New York R. R. crosses it. The v. is on the creek, which falls 125 feet within 2 miles, and is largely engaged in manufacturing flour, oil, and leather. It is mostly built of stone, and contains a bank, an academy, 25 stores, several large flouring mills, and about 2,000 inhab- itants. The *'L. Gazette," .ind "Genesee Courier" (both whig), are published here weekly. Pop. of t. 3,472. Le Roy, p. c, Medina county, Ohio: 89 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Le Roy, t. and p. o,. Dodge county, TTmjc. ; 56 m. N. E. Madison. Tlte t. has fine land in the E., but the W. is a portion of the great Winnebago Marsli. Pop. 31*7. Le Roy, t. and p. o., Bradford county, Penn. : 91 ra. N. Harrisburg. Drained by Towanda creek and i\a branches, which move numerous s:iw-mil!s. Surface uneven, and soil good ; wooleuB are manufactured, and lumber exported. 373 LER LEW Le Roy, t. and p. o., Jngham oo., Mich. : 19 m. E.S.E. LftDsiDg. Drained by Cfdar r. and its branches. It has a fertile soil, and ia well supplied with timber and mill-sites. Pop. 3M. Leslie, t. and p. v., Ingham co., Mich. : 21 m. S. by E. Lansing. Brained by a branch of Grand r. Surface level, and soil finely adapted to grain. Pop. 673. Le Sour.DsviLLE, p. t., Butler co., Ohio: S9 m. W. S. "W. Columbus. Lessee Crosb Koads, p. o., Somerset co., N. Jer. : S4 m. N. Tn'Dton. Lesslet, p. o., Benton co., Jfo. .• on Beaver creek of the Osage, 63 m. "W. S. W. Jefferson City. Lester's District, p. o., Burke co., Gn. : S4 m. E. by S. Milledgeville. Lesterville, p. o., Hcynolds co., 2fo. : on the E. side of Big Black Water r., 9S ui. S. E. Jefferson Cily. Letaet Falls, p. v., Meigs co., Ohio: on the Ohio r., 92 m. S. E. Columbus. Letcher county, Xy. Situate 9. E., and contains 305 eq. m. It has the Cumberland Mountains on the S. E., and gives rise to the Kentucky r., by small head streams of which it is drained — Boone's, Carr's, King's, and Line Fork creeks. Surface broken, with fine mill-streams in parts, and many rich bottoms. Soil generally very fertile ; com and oats grow finely, and the pastures are excellent, feeding many cattle, horses, and sheep. Pork is the principal export. Farms 343; manuf. 0; dwell. 416, and pop.— wh. 2,440, fr. ool. 10, si. 62— total 2,512. Capital: Whitesburg. Letcher, p. o., Harlan co., Ki/. : 107 m. S. E. Frankfort. ' Letch eeville, p. v., Greene co., III. : 4S m. V,\ S. W. Springfield. Letimbervtlle, p. v., Marion county, Ohio : 49 m. N. Columbus. Letter A No. 2, t, and p. o., Oxford county, Me. : 61 m. W. by N. Augusta. Surface elevated, and mostly covered ■with heavy timber. It is little cultivated. Pop. 108. Letter B, t. and p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 66 m. W. N. "W. Augusta. Lake Umbagog occupies the N., and its affluents afford abundant mill privileges. Soil fertile; lumbering is the chief business. Pop. 174. Levanna, p. v., Cayuga co., K Y.: on the E. side of Cayuga Lake, 156 m.AV. by N. Albany. It has a steamboat landing, and contains a flouring mill, several warehouses, and 400 inhabitants. Levanna, v.. Brown co., Ohio: on the N. bank of the Ohio r., opposite Dover, 92 m. S. S.W. Columbus. Pop. 174. Levant, t. and p. v., Penobscot co.. Me. : 59 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Kenduskeag r., which crosses the E. part, and its branches. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. The V. is on the r., which turns several mills. Population of t. 1,S42. Levant, p. v., Chautauquc co., JVI J' .' on Conew.ingo cr., 287 m. W. by S. Albany. Levee, p. c, Montgomery county, Ky. : €2 m. E. by S. FrankforL Level, p. o.. Richland disL, S- Car. : on Kice cr., 12 m. N. by E. Columbia. Level, p. o., "Warren county, O?iio: 74 miles W. S. "W. Columbus. Level Green, p. o., Giles county, Virff.: 164 m. TV". Eiohmond. Levenworth, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., /;«?. .* on the Ohio, lOT m. S. Indianapolis. It has a fine landing, and an exteneive trade with the interior. In the vicinity is the coal region, and ship timber is abundant. It contains a court- house, several stores, and 600 inhabitants. LEVERETT,t. and p. v., Franklin CO., J/n«*.;74m.'W".byN. Boston. Drained by affluents of the Connecticut, which furnish power for small mills. Surface uneven, with large- fertile meadows, and superior past\ire land. Farming and grazing form its great interests, but timber is plenty, and much maple sugar is made. Wooden-ware, leather, and 874 woolens are manufactured. The Andierst and Belcher- town K. K. passes through it. Pop. 94S. Levering, p. o., Knox co., Oh, : 43 m. K. by E. Columbofl. Leverington, p. 0., Philadelphia county, Pt^nn. ; 92 m. E. by S. llarrisbiu-g. Levi, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio : 73 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Lew county, Flor. Situate on the neck of the peninsu- la, "\V. side, and contains 77S sq. m. Bounded N. W. by Suwanee r., and S. by AVithlaconchee r., between which Wakasse, Wakasassa, and Ten Mile creeks empty into Wa- kasassa Bay. Surface low and level, and covered exten- sively with swamps abounding in lieavy timber, with occa- sional dry elevations. Soil, when tillable, very rich, pro ducing abundantly com, cotton, and semi-tropical fruits and melons. Farms 0; manuf. 0; dwell. 64; and pop. — wh. 320, fr. coL 0, si. 145— total 465. Capital: Wakasassa. Lewes, p. v., Sussex co., Del. : 33 m. S. S. E. Dover. It contains an academy, several stores, and 350 inhabitants. Lewes and Hehoboth, hund., Sussex co., Del. : at the mouth of Delaware Bay, with the Atlantic on the E. and Pehoboth Bay on the S. Has a level surface, sandy soil, and an area of 35,030 acres. The Delaware Breakwater Ih oq ita N. coast Pop. 2,015. Lewis county, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains 316 sq. m. Bounded N. by the Ohio, and drained by its afl:iuents, Salt Lick and Kinuiconink creeks, and North Lick, a branch of Licking r. Surface uneven, and sod fertile. Com and wheat are staple cereals. It has good pastures, and raisea considerable pork for export In the N. copperas, Ume- atone, and fine clay for fire-brick and stoneware are found. Farther S. are the ^sculapian Springs, a celebrated water- ing-place, and salt-springs are found. Farms 651 \ manuf. 21; dwell. 1,223, and pop.— wh. 6,869, fr. col. 11, si. 322— total 7,202. Capital: Clarksburg. Fublio Works: Cov- ington and Ohio R. E. Lewis county. Mo. Situate N, E., and contVms 519 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Mississippi, and drained by Wyaconda r., and N., Middle and S. Fabius rivers, and Taylor's fork. Surface roUinc; or slightly uneven. Soil highly productive, affording excellent grass and grain lands ; raising large crops of corn and wheat, and good tobacco, and feeding numer- ous cattle and sheep. It has fine mill streams, abundance of timber, and growing manufactures. The forests furnish mast for great numbers of swine, and pork is a large article of ex-port Bituminous coal, salt springs, and lead, exist abundanUy in parts. Farms 44S ; manuf. 15 ; dwell. 905, and pop.— wh. 5,364, fr. col. 8, fil. l,206~total 6,578. Cap- ital: Montieello. Lewis county, J^ T. Situate N., a little E. of Lake On- tario, and contains 1,122 sq. m. Drained by Black r. and its tributaries, Beaver r.. Independence r.. Otter cr., and Mooso river, all E., and several minor ones W. ; S. "SV. by Salmon river of Lake Ontario, and Fish cr. of Lake Oneida, and N. by Indian r. and "W. fork of Oswegatchie r., flowing into the St La^Tcnce. Surface in the E. hilly, rising from Black river toward the mountains E. of it; "W. rolling, with fre- quent hills, and an inclination to the W. and S. ; on Black r. are broad alluvial flats. Soil various ; the bottoms are very fertile; the rest a gravelly, sandy, or clayey loam, produces welt under good cultivation, and is especially fitted for pjist- ure. The E. has large forests of pine, spruce, hemlock, beech, maple, and ash. From the maple much sugar is made. Farming and grazing are the chief pursuits. Pota- toes, oats, wheat and barley, the chief crops, and the pro- duce of the dairy very large. The streams afford water- power almost without limit, but it is little used. Flour, lum- ber, leather, and woolen goods are the chief manufactures. ■\Vool, butter, and cheese, the chief exports. "\V. of Black r. fine limestone abounds. Superior iron ore Is found in abun- dance, and lead ore in smaller quantities. Farms 2,374; manuf. 67; dwell. 4,624, and i)op.— wh. 24,524,1V. col. 40— total 24,564. Capital: Martinsbtirg. PuhUcM'brl^s: Black llivcr Canal; Saratoga and Sackelt's Harbor K. E., etc LEW LEW ^TrwTS county, Oregmx, Situate N. W., and covers an ] levoml inle^ from the ocean around it; Shoalwater Bay, Gav-s Harbor, H.^d-s Channel, Puget Sound and Adm- ra IV Inlet, intoVhioh flow streams of constderablelenglh but „fffic!^t or impossible navigation These .- C nkce^ s r of GraVs Harbor, and its branches, W Konzie s Fork, New aukum and Sknkumchuck rivers; and Tenalciu.t or bhu t s and mouths of the rivers being obstructed ^^^Mlm saml bars, which render their entrance uncertam and bazardous. Th" rivers aboun.l in fine fish, particulariy salmon, and fish ^ngicxtensivoiv pursued, furnishing the nc^nc arKirecen -sri:^s:.:::s:f^e;:fir>r-arJ^iu ;^rquantities, and furnish an in,portant -Ucic of^d et mannf. 3; dwell. UC, and pop.-wh. 4oT, fr. col. 101 total '^L^luv"^;;:"" Situate W. middle, and contains 3.,^rm. Drained by Buffalo and Duck rivers, branches o Tennessee r.. and their amuents. Surface^b^ant d - capital: N'^'""^^; Ij. ^., ^nd contains 608 \rBrre; 'b hTads * E ami W.'forks of Mononga- sq. m. Brained n> ne. ^inawha r., 3>adina, Sand, helar.,and branches of Little Ka"»wh" ^^ ^ - Td wooi a."pork arc ex-p-rted. It has fine-iU streamy and many small manufacturing estabbshmen^. C^al and ~;, p. cTigo county, /.^..-CT miles W.S.^V. Indianapolis. v T . il'? m N by H. r and contains several forges, and numerous mills for T^rrdp'rB;Snco.,.....ontheOhio,SSm. S W by S. Columbii. Drained by ^-hi.e Oak and Lt^tlc , LTks Surface somewhat uneven, and sod very fertile. | Pop.l.99T. -„,,.„„ p,.„„ • 8 m. 8. Harrisburg. Lewisbeeet, p. v., York co., 1 ■ •»>■ . » m. .- ^ . LBWisnOEOron, t. and p. o., Westchester Jo., *• l-- to m 8 bv E. Albanv. Drained by branches of Croton r., its ^. bonnLy. Surface uneven, and soil sandy loam of good fertility. A farming town. Pop. l.W. , „ LEWisBtjEU, p. v.. and cap. Conway co., Arl. . on the leu bank of Arkansas r., .ST m. N. W. Little Kock. It has a good bash r., 06 m. N. Indianapolis. The Wabash and Erie Canal passes through the v., Sm. from Logatisporl. Lewisbcko, p. v., Preble county, Oh.: 81 m. W . by». Columbus. ^t . M m w Iw N LEWL^ncEG, T., Champaign county, Oh.: 61 ro. W. by JN. Columbus. Pop. 802. . Lewisbueo, p. b., L-nion CO., Penn.: on the nght banfc of SuIqUan^a r., just below the mouth of Buffalo cr« Z N. bv W. Harrisburg. A short branch eross-ng the river Tonnect; it with the W. branch division "^ ^he Peni^ylva^.a Canal. It has a brisk trade m farmmg products, and con- tain, an academy and about 20 stores. A coUege was found- d here by the Baptists in 1S49, and in mi l--^^ -f^f '°" and 46 students. Tluee newspapers are P* -A''^. ?fr ChristUche Botschafter," a religious f >"7:f;7; " f " man, and the " L. Demoeraf (dem.), and "L. Chronicle ^'t^::!;;tti™r:'™oo.,7>™.:neara br™f Duk' r., is m. S. Nashville. It is tb. cen^e of a rich com region, and contains a court-house, jail, se^ eral I stores, and 300 inhabitants. -r;,.^ • 16" LEWtsBCEO, p. v., and cap. Greenbrier ™;^ J ' ^- , ^ "' m W bv N. Kichmond. It contains a court-house and jad, ^o academies, several large stores, and about If ";""="> ran" Within a few miles are the celebraU^ Wbi e an. .■ on the E. side of Nil^ara l 27S m"^^ W. by N. Albany. Surface gencra^^y level; "soil ealeareons or sandy loam, and mostly ^^^d- The Kochester.L.ickport, and Niagara Falls E.E. V^^ through it. and a branch extends to the v. The v., at the Sof tomboat navigation, T m. from Lake On^no U^ a good landing and constant commmiication, and an ex en sive tado witS most of the lake ports. A ferry connects i rhQue:nstown,and railroads leading west It eon^ms Z academy, about 20 stores and warehouses, and 1,000 m- habitants. Pop. of t. 2,933. LEWis™K.tan.lp.v Lincoln CO .re.-onthe^E.^^^^^^^ irrSi.rifr.-rnrhiTL'e soil, which is weU u i'vated. The leading interest is 7"'f •'r'.!"^^;^^, tres in the v., on the r., which descends abotit 60 feet m 15 s A dam has been thrown across it, and a mosUinhm led water-power obtained. Large cotton-mUls are budt ,d U b ds fair to become one of the large manufacturing t;:of.theUnion. A bridge.^,000 feet long, con^^^^ Snr-^'K-^^rrrrfrorP— The-. fron'lp»n "« m. N. W. Springfield.^ It conUims a court- l::^e,;il, high school and about 40^ inha^,^ .s^ ^^^ ^, Lewistowm, p. v., Logan Co., 0/... on me Miami r., 66 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. ^^^ ^_ T EWlsTows, p. t)., and cap. Mifflm CO., ^«'"- „ ™. .d'eTunir,ar.:'at the mouth of Kishc^^^^^^^^^^^^^ by W. Harrisburg^ t is regul^y^-^^^ in the centre, conUiming th. eouri ^^^^^^ ^^ ings. I. also contains an ^-■^™>;;^:'^ , .onsof bl<»ms 1,300 tons capacity, and a forge producm„ ^^. LEW per annum. In the Ticmity ore mineral springs, and a fur- nace of 1,000 tons capacity. The '• L. Gazette" (wliif!) and " True Democrat" (dcm.) are pulilished weekly. The I'enn- Bylvania Can.al passes through it, 88 m. from llollidaysburg, and the Eastern division of the Pennsylvania K. U., 01 m. from llarrislmrg. Pop. 2,T35. Lewisville. p. v., and cap. Lafayette Co., A rl: : about C m. E. of Ked r., and 120 m. S. W. Little Koek. It is surrounded by rich cotton and com plantations, and cont;iins a court- house, a few stores, and 200 inhabitants. Lewisville, p. v., Monroe co., Ohio: 93 m. E. by S. Columbus. Lewisville, p. v., Henry CO., Tnd. : on the E. side of Flat Eock cr., 89 m. E. Indianapolis. The Indiana Central K. K. passes near it. Lewisville, p. o., Chester dist., S. Car. : near Fishing cr., 4S m. N. by E. Columbia. Lewisville, sta., Orangeburg dial., S. Cm: : on the Co- lombia Branch E. K., 8T m. from Columbia. Lewisville, p. o., Brunswick co., y'iiy. : 62 m. S. by W. Eichmond. Lewtsville, p. v., Chester co., Penn. ; 02 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Lexlsgtos district, iS. Car. Situate W. centrally, and contains SSI sq. m. Drained by N. Edisto r., its S. W. boundary ; Saluda r. and its branches in the N., and Broad r., which, uniting with the Saluda, takes the name of Conga- ree r., and forms the N. E. boundary, and has small afflu- ents, which drain the central and E. portions. Surface di- yersitled, with moderate swells, and a few considerable elevations. Soil generally of good quality, producing cotton, com. wheat, and potatoes largely, and furnishing pasture for large numbers of cattle. Some of the low lands grow good rice in small quantities. It has much water-power along its rivers, a pari of which is profitably employed in manufactures. Farms S37 ; manuf 40; dwell. 1,312, and pop.— wh. 7,352, £r. col. 21, si. 5,55T— total 13,930. Capital ; Lexington. Lexington, p. o., Lauderdale co., Ala. .- about S m. E. Blue Water creek of the Tennessee, 1S4 miles N. by W. Montgomery. Lexington, p. v., and cap. Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 59 m. N. MiUedgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, a well-endowed academy, a puWic Ubrary, 30 stores, and 300 inliabilanls. The Athens br-inch of Georgia E. E. passes a litUo W. of the v., 17 m. from Athens. Lexington, p. v., M-Lean co., III. : about 2 m. N. of Mackinau cr., 74 m. N. E. Springfleld. Lexington, p. v., and cap. Scott co., /«(?. : 81 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. It is connected with Madison by a plank- load, and contains a court-house and COO inhabitants. Lexington, p. city, and cap. Fayette co,, Ay..- on Town branch of Elkhom r., 24 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. Lat. 80° 0' N., and long. 84° IS' W., and by railroad disLint from Louis- ville 65 m., from Covington 90 m., from MaysviUe 75 m., from DanvUle 8S m., from Nashville 187 m., from Savannah 716 m., from Charleston 732 m., and from Mobile 975 m. It is one of the oldest cities of Kentucky, and was formerly capital of the State. The city occupies a square of 2 in., and is laid out in wide, rectangular streets, the main street being 80 feet wide, and containing many elegant buildings. There is a square in the centre of the city, upon which is the mark- et-house. The public edifices are generally of bri.'k, aner. The railroads diverging from Lexington are the Louisville and Lexington 11. U., the Frankfort and Lexington E. E., the Covington and Lexing- ton R. E., the MaysviUe and Lexington E. P.., the Lexington and Danville E. E., etc. There are also several turnpikes diverging from the city. About li m. 8. E. of the City is Ashland, the seat of the late lamented statesman, lion. Henry Clay, and there are many others in the vicinity which give tone and character to the counlrj-. Lexington was settled about 1779; incorporated by the Virginia Legislature in 1782, and was chartered as a city in 1831. Lexington, t. and p. o., Somerset co.. Me. ; 51 m. N. N. W. Augusta. It has several ponds flowing into Seven Mile branch of Kennebec r., and affording fine mill-seals. Sur- face uneven ; soil fertile. Timber forma the chief source of wealth. Pop. 633. Lexington, t. and p. v., Middlesex Co., Mass. : 10 m. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Shawshcen r. Surface pleasantly varied, with many hills and extensive meadows; soil of medium quality, rendered highly pro- ductive by skillful cultivation. It is principally a farming t., with excellent gardens and orchards, but manufactures boots and shoes, cabinet-ware, farming and mechanical im- plements, carriages, etc. The v. contains an academy and about 75 houses and stores, neatly arranged around a pleas- ant green. Here was fought, on the 191h of April, 1775, the first action of the American Eevolution. A tasteful monu- ment, creeled by the State, marks the spot and commemo- rates the valor of the first victims. The v. is 11 m. from Boston, on the Lexington and West Cambridge Branch of the Fitchburg E. E. Pop. of t. 1,S94 Lexington, t. and p. v., St. Clair county, Jl^cli, : 105 m. E. N. E. Lansing. Black r. crosses the W. part and Lake Huron hes on the E. It is well timbered, and lumbering is the chief business. Pop. 1,176. Lexington, p. v., and cap. Holmes eo.. Miss. : on Black cr. of the Tazoo, 64 m. N. by E. Jackson. It conipri.ses a court-house, jaU, several hotels, stores, and small manufac- factories, and a pop. of 600. Two weeklies are published, the " L. Advertiser" (whig), and " Equal Eights" (dem.) Lexisoton, p. T., and cap. Lafayette CO., Mo. : about 1 m. S. of the Missouri, 98 m. W. N. W. .Jefferson City. It con- tains a court-house and jail, an acade.ny, a bank, several large stores, and 600 inhabilanls. Two newspapers are published, the "L. Weekly Journal" and the "Western Missouri Express." Lexington, t and p. v., Greene co., K r. .• 45 m. S. W. Albany. Drained by Schoharie cr., on which are many saw-raiUs. Surface much broken by the Catskill Mountains ; soil generally good. Timber is abundant, and tanning ex- tensively carried on. Pop. 2,208. Uallcott is a new town, set off from Lexington in 1851. Lexington, p. v., and cap. Davidson co., K Car. : about 1 m. W. of Abbot's cr. of the Yadkin, 97 m. W. by N. Ealeigh. It contains the county buildings and several stores, and is on the line of the North Carolina Central E. E. Lexington, p. v., Eichland eo., 0/iio : on Clear fork of Mohiccan cr., which has a good faU here, 51 m. N. by E. Columbus. It contains several stores and mills, and 500 in- habitants. The Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark P.. E. passes through it 9 m. from Mansfield. Lexington C. H., p. v., and cap. Lexington disl., S. Car. : on a branch of Saluda r., 12 m. W. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, an academy, several line stores, aud 800 inhabitants. A Lutheran Theological Seminary was foimd- ed here in 1S85, and in 1850 had 2 instructors, 10 students, 20 alumni, and a library of 2,000 volumes. Lexington, p. v., aud cap. Henderson co., Tcnn. : at tho LEX LIB head of Beech r., 93 m. W. S. VT. Nashville. Great num- bers of hogs are fatted in Ihe vicinity of the v., which con- tains a court-houso, jail, an academy, scTcral railla and stores, and SOO inhabitants. Lexington, p. v., and cap. Eockbridge co., Vtr(/.: on the W. side of North r., 107 m. W. by N. rachinorid. It lies on a high banlcof the river, and contains a cnurt-house, jail, an academy, a female seminar)', 15 slurt-a, and 1,500 inhabitants. Washington College was fminded here in li9S, and liberally en-gton, p. v., Clatsop co., Orfg. T<^r. : on the W. or left bank of Willamette r., 49 m. N. by E. Salem. Letden. t. and p. v., Franklin co.. J/i/j?s. ; M m. W. X.W. Boston. Drained by Green r., a brancli of Deerfleld r., on which are fine mill-sites. Surface mountainous, and soil adapted to grazing. Large numbers of slieep and good dairies arc kept. On Green r. is a narrow ravine, inclosed by high rocks, called the " Glen," or *' Ghor," which attracts many visitors by ila wildness and beauty. Pop. of t. T16. Letpen, p. v., Cook county, III. : 17D m. N. N. E. Springfield. Leyden, t. and p. o., Lewis co., X Y. : 104 m. N. W. by W. Albany. Drained by branches of Black r., whi(di forms its E. line, and falls 63 feet before leaving the town. Surface hilly, and soil a fertile sandy loam. A large farming town. The Black FLiver Canal passes down the river to the falls. Pop. 2.253. Levdes, p. 0., Kock CO., TTTsc. ; S. E. Madison. Liberty county, Ga. Situate 8. E. on the Atlantic, and contains 709 sq. m. Drained N. E. by Little Cannowchee r. and Taylor's cr., E. by Newport and Miclway rivers, and "W. by Beard's and Doctor's creeks and Altamaha r. Sur- face level, and in parts low and marshy ; soil mostly of great fertility near the water-courses, with poorer land at a distance from the shore. Cotton is the staple, St. Cath- arine's Island forms a part of the county, ancl raises sea- island cotton of a superior quality. Corn and potatoes produce largely, and the marshes on the coast and some of the creeks raise much excellent rice. Cattle are reared in large numbers, though the grains do not succeed. It has Taluable forests of pine, hickory, and live oak. Farms 244 ; manuf. 4; dwell. SCO, and pop.— wh. 2,002, fr. col. 16, si. 5,90S— total 7,926. CapiUil: Ilinesville. LiBEETY county, Tex, Situate S. in E. part, and contains 2,T46 sq. m. Trinity r. flows S. through the middle ; on the N. E. is Big Sandy cr., and farther S. Pin Island bayou, both affluents of the Neches; S. E. are Oyster and East Bay bayoux, flowing into East Bay ; and W. it ia drained by E. fork of San Jacinto r. and Cedar bayou, flowing into Galveston Bay, which, with the Gulf of Mexico, forms its B. boundary. Surface level, with scarcely a noticeable hill; soil of various fertility— in the S. a thin, l)lack mold, resting on sand and shells ; in the N. the mold is deeper, and fre- quently has a substratum of yellow loam ; on the Trinity is rich bottom land, often overflowed, and exceedingly pro- ductive. The S. is a grassy plain destitute of trees, and adapted to grazing. The N. is prairie, with lines of wood on the streams, and is excellent cotton land. The Trinity is a large stream, about SO yards wide and 10 fi'pt deep, and navigated by steamers through the county and a consider- able distance N. of it. Farms 149; manuf. 1; dwell. 312, and pop.— wh. 1,628, fr. col. 7, si. S92— total 2,522. CapiUtl: Liberty. Liberty, p. v., Adams co., III. : 76 m. W. Springfield. LiRERTY, p. o., Jackson county, Aki. : 1C5 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Z2 Liberty, p. v., and cap. Union co., Ind. : f>2 ni. E. by 8- Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 700 inhabitants. Lidebty, p. v., and cap, Casey co., JTi/.: on Greene r., here a small stream, 59 m. S, Frankfort. It contains a court-house and jail, several stores, and 200 inhal)itauts. Liberty, t. and p. o., Waldo co., Jfe. : 22 m. E. Augusta. SL George's r. rises from a large pond in the N., and Muscongus r. flows from the S. part. Surface uneven, and soil adapted to grass. Pop. 1.116. Liberty, t. and p. o., Jackson co., J/Tt'//. .• 42 m. S. by E. Lansing. Surface undulating, and soil productive of all the grains and grasses. Pop. S91. Libektv, p. v., and cap. Amit6 co., J//*9. ; on a brancli of Amit§ r., &2 m. S. S. W. Jaelisou. It contains a court- house and jail, and 201) inhabitants. Liberty, p. v., and cap. Clay co.. Mo. : about 3 m. N. of the Missouri, 134 ni. W. N. W. Jeflerson City. It has a con- venient landing on the Missouri, and carries on an extensive trade with the back region. It contains a covirt-liouse and jail, 3 academies, several large stores, and SOO iniiabilants. Liberty, t. and p. o., Sullivan co., jV. Y. : 78 m. S. W. Albany. Surface elevated and hilly, giving rise to Collikoon and Mongaup creeks of the Delaware, on which are nu- merous saw-mills ; soil gravelly loam. Lumber is a large export. Pop. 3.612. Liberty, p. v., Montgomery co., OJiio : 71 m. W. by B. Columbus, Liberty, t and p. o., Tioga co., Penn. : 92 m. K by W. Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Pine and Lycoming creeks, which turn many saw-mills. Surface n^igh, and grazing is the chief business. Iron and coal are found. Liberty, p. v., De Kalb county, Term.: on a Iiranch of Caney fork of Cumberland r., 44 m. E. by S. NashviUe. Liberty, p. v., and cap. Bedford co. Virff. : on a branch of Otter r., 11*2 m. W. by S. Bichmond. It contains a court- house and jail, several stores and small manufactories, and 500 inhabitants. It is on the Virginia and Tennessee R. P., 25 m. from Lynchburg. LinERTY, sta.. Alleghany co., Pertji.: on W. division of Pennsylvania R. R., 5 ra. from Pittsburg. Liberty, p. v., and cap. Liberty co., Te^, : on the lefi bank of Trinity r.. about 30 m. from its mouth, 174 m. E. by S. Austin City. It has a good landing, and steam- boats touch here on their way from the interior to Galveston, which is 70 m. S. of it. The vicinity produces fine cotton. The v. contains a oourt-house and 200 inhabitants. Liberty, p. o., Racine co., Wise. : 74 m. E. S. E. Madison. Liberty, p. o., Washita CO., ArJc. : 91 m. S. by W. Little Rock. Liberty Corner, p. o., Somerset co., X. J. : about 1 m. from Dead River, a branch of the Passaic, 30 m. N. by E. Trenton. Liberty Corners, p. o., Crawford co., OMo: 63 ra. N. Columbus. Liberty Fali^, p. v., Sullivan co., X, Y. : SI m. S. W. Albany. Liberty Hall, p. o., Warren co., Ohio: 72 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Liberty Hall, p. o., Newberry dist., S. Cur. : 46 m. N. W. Columl>ia. Liberty Hall, p. o., Washington co., Virg.: 246 m. TV. S. W. Eichmontt. Liberty Hill, p. o., Dallas county, Ahi.: CI m. "W. Montgomery. Liberty Hill, p. v., New London co., Cojui.: in the N", part of Lebanon, 32 m. E. by S. Harttbrd. liLBERTV Hill, p. c, Piko co., Ga. : 56 m, W. by N". MiUedgeville. Liberty Hill, p. o., Iredell co., K.Cn S. Fox Isl.. E. side W. entrance to Penobscot Bay 44 05 On -M. Point, Lincoln CO 43 53 .\t mouth of Cape Porpoise Harbor, N. side 43 21 S. side of entr. to Camden Harbor, Penobscot Bay 44 11 On Old P. P., above Castine — ent Prospect Harbor — On B. Island, off York Harbor 43 03 On E. I.S.. head of 1. au HautBay,N. E.enf.loP.Bay 44 24 Off mouth of Pleasant River, E. side 44 27 On B. I., one of the Cranlierry I., 5 ra.N.W. Baker's I. 44 16 Near S. W. end of I. au Haul, E. side of enL to B.ay 43 59 On an island at the mouth of L. E. Harbor, in Cutler On Goat Island, in P. Harbor At GUkey's Harbor, in Penobscot Bay 00 70 17 00 36:69 44 00 00 69 04 00 69 19 00 70 IS 30 66 59 00 67 49 00 69 46 00 6T 22 00 69 18 00 69 00 00 31 09 24J63 49 00 00 69 29 30 20 GS 08 00 36 70 11 .36 12 6S 49 30 69 39 00 63 00 30 63 46 00 09 13 00 70 25 00 63 59 00 00 70 29 00 00 68 46 00 00 67 43 00 00 63 12 00 00 OS 86 30 Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Revol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Revol'g Fixed Revol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed P.&R. Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixod ' SO 166 53 50 63 90 63 52 66} 60 170 117 53} S2i 64 69} 140 116 89 56} SO 30 33 50 90 TO 100 4T 95 62 LIGHT-HOUSES. Geographical Position. Bcaiichamp Point Jf.nneOn Indian Isl.-cnlranoe lo CamJen Harbor. . PorU>moulh(orNe««a3tl<;).V./r<»«i).'s. W. side of inner entrance to Portsmouth Harbor Liiulutl*-. Long'ude d. rn. e. fl- m- "Sriiile Island {ml andwhite) ■W bale's Bacli (2 lights) " Boston .^''"S- Tliatcber's Island ('2 lights). . " EakL-r's Island (2 lights) " Plumb Islan.l t2 lights) " Cape Cod (Ilijblands) " Plymouth (2 lights) " Wigwam Point " Bcituate (2 lights) " Eaoe Point " Long Island Head " Ton Pound Island " Billingsgate Island " Sandy Neck " Long Point " G louccster Point " Strailsmouth Haven " MarbleHcad " Ipswich (2 lights) " GayHead " Clark's Point " Cutterbunk liilanJ " Nautu«^ket " Kantucket Beacon " Nantucket Harbor Light .... " Cape Poge " Cbalham (2 lights) " Point Gammon " Holmes's Hole " Tarpaulin Cove " Birdlsland " Monomoy Point " Kobsque Point " Dumpling Bock " Edgartown " Ned's Point " Natlset Beach (3 beacons) ... " Mayo'3 Beach (Wellfleel).... " Nantucket Cliff (2 beacom).. " SankalyHead " Hyannis " Wing's Neck " Palmer's Island " Minol's Rock " Parmet Harbor (2 lightsl .... " Brandywine Rhoal (129 tons) " Tiickenntck. Shoal " Ybi^yfird Sound " Pollock's Itip " Newport R.M. ■WatchlliU " Point .ludith '■ Goat Island " Dutch Island " Warwick Neck " N.ayat Point " Block Island (2 lights) " Poplar Point " .Tuniper Island F-n». NewLon2|72 64 4T| Fixed 41 09 021t3 00 46. Revol'g [ 44 379 3S 5S 95 111 93 74 62 85 LIGHT-HOUSES. Geographical Position, AstroROm. Posilion. Latitude. Loag'uJe il. m. s. d. m. B. Cliaracti Cif Light. feet. Tl 40 62 45 lU 54 6Ti 89} Fnirwcnlhcr Island Conn. Norwalk Island " Great Captain's Island " Nortli Damplin " Bai-tleWH Reef (US Inns) .... " Eel Grass Shoal (41 tons) ... " Eaton's Neck 2^. T. Execution Eoebs " Sanii's Point " Old Field Point " Fire Island Inlet " Throgg's Neck " Stony Point " FortTorapkitis " Co.xsackie " FourMilePoint " Saugerlies " Stuyvesant " Eondout Creek " Montauk " Little Gidl Island " Plumb Island " Buffalo (on pier) " Portland Harbor " Dunkirk " Galloo Island " Oswego Beacon *' Cattaraugus Beacon " Dunkirk Beacon " Genesee (tejnp, beacon) " Sodus Bay and Beacon " Tibbctt's Point " Horse Island " Niagara Fort " Stony Point " Ogdensl>urg " Prince's Bay " E.sopus Meadows " r.obbin's Eeef. " Cedar Island " Silver Creek " Salmon River " Eock Island Beacon " Sunken Rock Bencon " Conover Island Beacon " Cumberland Head " Split Eoek " Stratford Point (100 tons) . . " Sandy Hook (iHO tnas) " Sandy Hook (light and 2 b'ns)jy: Jer. Highl'dsofNcv'sink (-3 lights) " Barnegat Shoals " Cape May " Egg Island (gas) " Cohanzey Creek (gas) " Tucker's Beach (red shades) " BcrgenPoint " Maurice River " Passaic Kiver " Presque Island Penn, " " Beacon " Fort Mifflin " Brandy wine Shoal " Cape Hcnlopen Z>el. Cape Hcnlopen Beacon " Bombay Hook " Mahon's Dl'^h " Mispillion Creek " Christiana River (gas) " 3S0 Entrance to Black Rock Harbor, Fairfield . . At entrance of Norwalk River On G. C. Island, near Greenwich Pi., Fairfield co. On North Duniplin Island, in Fisher's Island Sound Off New London (1 lamp, 9 wicks) On Eel Grass Shoal (1 lamp, 12 wicks) On E. side of Huntington Baj'i Long Island . Off Sand's Point, Long Island Sound On Sand's Point, E. entrance to Cow Bay... On O. F. Point, N. side L. Isl., opposite Strat. Light On E. side of F. Island Inlet, S. side of Long Island On S. E. point of Throgg's Neck, E. of Hell Gate On W. side of Hudson River, below West Point. On Staten Island, W. sido of Narrows On the W. side of Hudson River, near Coxsackic At F. M. Point, 4 m. from Hudson, W. side of river At mouth of Saugertics Creek .Near Stuyvesant, on E. side of Hudson River Oppos. mouth of R. Cr. and enU Del. & Hud. Canal E. end of Long Island On L. G. I., near N. E. end of L. I. S., 8. side of m. ent. Near N. E. end of L. I. S'd, and N. of G ardiner's Bay At junction of Buffalo Creek and Lake Erie At Portland, S. E. shore of Lake Erie At Dunkirk, 8. E. shore of Lake Erie On W. point of G. IsLand, E. part of Lake Ontario (-)n end of "W. pier, at entrance of O. Harbor < >n pier, Cattaraugus Creek, Lake Erie Dunkirk Harbor, Lake Erie Entrance to port of Genesee, Lake Ontario W. side entrance to Sodus Bay, Lake Ontario S. E. side of 8. entrance to St. Lawrence River . . . On W. end of II. Isl., and W. of Sackett's Harbor. .\t junction of Niagara R. and Lake Erie, E. side. On Stony Point, E. end of Lake Ontario On St. Lawrence River, mouth of Oswegatchic R.. On Staten Island, near S. E. end Opposite Esopus, W. side of Hudson River Off the N. end of Staten Isl., S. W. part of N. T. Bay Near N. end of Long Island, in Sag Harbor Entrance to Silver Creek Harbor, on Lake Eric . . . N. side of entrance to Port Ontario On R. L, one of the Thousand Isles, St Lawr'nce R. On S. E., or Rush I. (1,000 isles) St Lawrence R... On C. I (Thousand Isles), St Lawrence River Near Plattsburg, on Lake Champlain Near Es.sex, on Lake Champlain Off St Pt., on middle ground, L. I. Sound (2 lights). T m. outside 8. Hook, in 15 fathom water (2 lights). S. of ent to N. T. liar, (main light and 2 beacons) On H. of N. to S. of Sandy Hook lights . . . , S. side of B. Inlet and N. end of Long Beach S. AV. point of C. M. and N. of entrance to Del. Bay Del. Bay, N. side, nearly N. N. W. of Cape May.. W. side Cohangy Creek and N. side Delaware Bay Near Medway, between Old and New Inlets On a block at the end of a reef of rocks of B. point On the bank of M. R. Cove and S. W. side Ilays'k I. Near head of Newark Bay \l entrance of Presque Island Bay, Lake Erie U U (1 it On pier in Delaware River, opposite Fort Mifflin.. On Brandy wine Shoal in Delaware Bay On Cape Ilenlopen, S. siile of entrance to Del. B. . About three-fourths of a mile from main light N. W. end of Bombay Hook Isle, in Delaware Bay On Mahon's Ditch, 8. side Delaware Bay At mouth of M. Creek, in Delaware Bay, S. side. . At mouth of Christiana River, N. side OS 27 02 60 5S 52 18 31 25 43 37 59 40 6T 09 51 52 53 8.3 87 46 4S 15 40 37 I 04 10 12 IS 10 21 50 00 32 41 51 00 2S 01. 12 30 19 00 09 0(. 43 18 20 45 00 30 22 .39 21 02 IS 42 00 12 00 27 39 23 40 45 .54 55 45 10 2S 20 15 30 17 43 OS 14 ■3 44 21 •3 07 41 rs 13 88 13 48 01 :i 03 50 1 51 58 1 06 5 1 18 14 1 59 00 1 30 00 , 18 24 04 16 06 20 00 18 00 00 42 59 42 00 56 68 83 OS 56 22 12 IT 81 46 85 75 47 21:75 21 43,75 10 13 75 66 84 75 43 12,75 05 87 05 44 31 18 •24 8S 19 24 31 60 FLxed Eevol'g Fixed Fixed FLxed Revol'g Fixed FLxed Revol'g Fixed Fixed FLxed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Revol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed FLxed Fixed R. & F, Fixed Fixed Fixed Revorj Fixcil Fixeil Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixi.l Fixed Fixe.l Fixcil FLxed Fixed R. & F. Fixed Revol'g Fixed Fixed Hx-ed FiiQd Pi.wd Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixeil Fixed Fixed Fixed 160 60 63 47} 80 59 S2 25 83 60 52 ■15 110 60 90 •243 88 42 42 46 LIGHT-HOUSES. Keedjr Island (gas) Del Breakwater (red) " Fii'e Fatliom Bock (195 tons) " Upper Middle SJioul (131 tons) " Bodkin Island Md. North Point, No. 1 " | Tlioma.s' Point " Pool's Island " Smith's Island *' Concord Point " Cove Point " Point Lookout " Lazaretto Point " Clay Island ** Turkey Point " Piney Point " Sharp's Island " Greenbury Point " Hooper^ ShoaU (72^ tons) ... " Cape Henry Tlrg. Old Point Comfort '• Smith's Point ** Kew Point Comfort " Smith's Island " Back Eivcr Point " Assateaquc Island " Little Watt's Island " Smith's Point (120 tons) .... " Craney Island (70 tons) " Willrniyhhy's Spit (400 tons) " Wolftrap Sliools (ISO tons).. " Windmill Point {_\iiions)... " BoicUr^s Jioi'k (54 tons) " Upper Cedar Piiint (72 tons) " Zo«w Cedar Point (72 tons) " Bald Head 2f. Car Federal Point " Cape Hatlcrus " Paroptico Point " Body's Island " Ocracoke " Cape Lookout " Oak Island (2 beacons) " Orton's Point " Price's Creek (2 beacons) " Campbell's Island " long S/ioat (lib tons) " S-W.pt.o/n.S/iuaHUOUms) " Mne Feet Shoal (70 tons) ... " Mouth of Kerne It. (125 tons) " Brant Island Slioal (125 tons) " narhor Island (72 tons) " Trade's Point Shoal (70 tons) " Roanoke Island i^% \oXi^.,. " Mouth lioaiwke P. (130 tons) " Horse Shoe (72 tons) " Charleston (and beacon) S. Cur. Eaccoon Key *' North Island " Morris' I. (2 beacon lights) . . •* SulJi\'an'8 1. Beacon, No. 1 . . " " " Beacon, No. 2. . " S(. i/dena .Bar (72 tons).... " Tybee Ga. Tybee Beacon " Fig Island Beacon " BL Simon's Island " Bapelo Island " ;r.iptjical Posiliiin. On Eeedy Island, entrance of Delaware Elver 39 29 57 75 .34 ' On Delaware Breakwater 3S 47 60 75 07 I On Sandbank off Capo May (2 lighLs) N. W. of Brandywine Shoal, near middle of Del. B. On B. Island, S. side ol entrance to Patapsco Eiver'39 OS 00'76 25 Astronom. Positio Latitude, d. m, B, Long'uUe. tl. tn. B. On N. side of ent. to Pat. E. and Port of Baltimore S. of entrance to Annapolis In Chesapeake Bay, N. E. of North Point In Chesapeake Bay, opposite entrance to Potomac At entrance of Susquehanna Eiver N. side of entrance to Paluxent Eiver N. side of entrance to Potomac Eiver N. side of entrance to Baltimore Harbor N. extremity of Tangier S'nd, mo'th of Nimticoke E, At entrance of Elk Eiver, "W. side On Potomac Eiver, E. side, 14 m. from its mouth . . Off the entrance of Choplank Eiver N. side of entrance to Annapolis Harbor In Chesapeake Bay, E. side and S. of Hooper's Isl. S. side of entrance to Chesapeake Bay N. side of entrance to Hampton Eoads Near the mouth of Potomac Eiver, S. side IS m. N. of O. P. C. and "W. side Chesapeake Bay N. E. of C. Charles and of N. ent. to Chesapeake B. About 5 m. N. E. O. P.C. andS. sideof ent. toB. E. On an isl. between C. Hen. and C. Char, on the ocean On L. Ws L, E. side of C. B., N. E. of S. ent. T. S, S. E. of S. P. in Ches'ke B. and of m'th of Potomac Near C. I., W. side of ent. to Eliz. E. and Norfolk 3. side of entrance to Hampton Roads Between mouthsof York and Eappahannoek Eiver: Off W. P., N. side of entrance to Eappahannoek E Near said rock in Eappahannoek Eiver. Off said Pt., b. the Narrows, and 44 m. b. Mt. Ycrnoii Between said P. and Yate's P. above Kettle Bottom Near mouth of C. Fear Eiver, E. side On Federal Point, N. side of inlet to C. Fear Eiver. On C. Ilatteras, about 1 m. N. of high-water mark. S. side of entrance to Pamptico Eiver On said Island, 1) m. S. of a new inlet made in ls47 S. W. of C. Ilatteras. and E. side of Ocracoke Inlet . Near the end of tlte Cape Lights range with Chan, on entering Cape Fear E. Vn W. bank of Cape Fear Eiver On W. hank of C. Fear E., mouth of Price's Creek On C. I., in C. Fear E., S. W. cor. of its lower end On E. point of Shoal, in Pamlico Sound On pi. of Shoal, PtLinlicn S'd. W.. 9 m. from Ocracoke 4 m. N. by W. of Ocracoke, & N. E. side of Eoyal S. Near ent. of E. into Pamlico Sound, off Marsh Pt. On point of Shoal in S. part of Pamlico Bound tin H. Isl. Bar, between Pamlico and Cove Sounds of Pasquotank Eiver, on AUieniarle Sound Near E. I., between Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds Near its entrance itilo All)eniarle Sound On H. S.. Ijet'n N. in. and Price's Cr. in C. Fear E.. ("->n Lighthouse Isl., and W. ofsiiip ehan. to harbor On C. Eomain, 10 m. S. TV. of ent. to Santee E: On S. end of N. Isl., E. side of ent. to Peedee Eiver On M. Isl., for the overall clia-nnel to Cliarleston. . . Back of S. Isl., I , ;j^, ^^^^ Charksston Bar \ 39 00 45 39 00 36 38 51 25 39 17 22 37 63 13 39 32 30 33 23 00 33 02 14 39 16 89 38 13 .'52 39 26 65 33 37 42 30 66 00 37 00 00 87 61 00 37 18 00 37 13 00 05 00 54 36 37 45 00 S3 61 SO iZ 56 30 85 16 00 35 47 21 35 06 30 57 00 iver .33 of F. Moultrie, i Off the entrance to St. Helena Sound, etc N. E. end of T. I., and S. side of ent. to Sttvannali E. 5 m. E. light-house On E. end of F. I., in Savannah Eiver (red shade.-) On S. end of St. S. Isl., and X. side ent. to the Sotmd On S. end of S. Isl., and N. cut. to Doboy Sound . . 32 42 00 .33 01 00 32 40 51 32 45 29 76 27 76 26 76 27 76 16 76 14 70 05 76 23 70 19 76 34 75 6S 76 00 76 22 ; Liiihl. 6 04 ■6 22 76 22 70 21 75 62 76 21 75 21 76 04 ■7 59 ■7 66 5 30 6 31 ! 75 58 I 1 83 ( 79 54 : 9 24 I 9 01 I 79 ,63 I 9 52 I 81 OS DO 81 21 30 80 .62 00 81 .36 81 24 Fixed Fixed Fixed i Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fi.xed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Uevol'g Eevol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Eevol'g Eevol'g rixo.r Fixed Fixed Fi\r,i liNcd 1 l|..9w. 1 Ip.llw. . 9 w. 1 Iji. w. 1 Ip. 9w. I l|i. 9 w. I l|i. Ow. 1 Ip.liw. 1 l|..9w. 1 ]p.l2w. Itevol'g Fived Fixed Fixed (Fixed llp.l2w. Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Eevorg 881 30 39 S3 41 38 m ■■u 33 110 50 95 30 66} 75 9."i 40 JO 40 40 40 40 39 4-'! 25} S7J 89 40 100 56 LIGHT-HOUSES. Geographical PoeiLioD. Aetronom. Position. LiiUluile. Long'ude. d. m. B. d. m, t. Cbsracter of Light U.-1 ft-et. 25 15 SO Wolf's Island Beacon, No. 1. Gci. " " Beacon, No. 2. " Little Cumberland Island .... " Oyster Beds Beacon " Cockspur Island Beacon.... " Ti/bee Channel (125 tons) — " Tybee I. Knoll (72 tons) " Bt. Augustine Flor, St. John's River. " Cape Canaveral " Cape Florida " Dry Tortugas " Sand Key " KeyWest " Cape St. George " St.Mark'8 " Pensacola " Amelia Island " Cape SU Bias " Dog Island " Egmout Key " Cat^s/ori lietf (225 tons) " Key TTt-^f (145 Ions) " Sand Key (140 tons) " Mobile Point. AUt. ' Choctaw Point *' Sandlsland " Cat Island Mlis. Pass Christian ** Bound Island " Biloxi " Bayou St. John Ga. Frank's Island " South- West Pass (2 lights) ... " South Point (Gordon's Island) " Pleasanlon's Island " Tchefuncta River " Point de Fer " Port Pont^^hartrain " Pa^s Manchac (red) " New Canal " Vermillion Bay " Bon Fouca " Chandeleur Island " Proctorsville Beacon " Merrill's ShellBank (400 tna.) " Ship SKPkasonton (IGO Ins.) " Atchaffilaya Bay (72 tons) . . " Grand River. Ohio. Grand River Beacon " Cleveland »' Cleveland Beacon " Vermillion River Beacon.. .. " Turtle Lslanil " Sandusky " Port Clinton " Conneaut liiver Beacon " Mouth Huron River Beacon. " Mouth Black River " Ashtabula Beacon " Cedar Point Beacon " ■Western Sister Island " Fort G ratiot Mieh. Windmill Point " Monroe *' Bois Blanc " St. Joseph's River. " 8S2 E. siile, near N. end W. Isl., i brick ( and S. S. E. of Sapelo Light ) wood ) S. side of enU to St. Andrew's Sound and SantUla R. On Oyster Beds in Savannah River On a knoll connected with C. Isl., in Savannah R. At Martin's Industry 15 m. E. Tybee Light Otr the knoll N. of T. Island, in Savannah River. . On N. end of Anastatia I., and S. side of cnt.to St. A. Near mouth of St. John's River, S. side of entrance On Cape Canaveral, S. S. E. of St. Augustine. . OCfS. E. point of Florida or on Key Biscayne. . On Bush I., ono of the ■Westernmost of Florida Reef About ^ m. S. W. by S. Key West (destroyed 1846) Key "West Island, S. W. of Cape Sable About 2} m. E. of W. pass to St. George Sound E. side of entrance to St. Mark's Harbor E. side ent. to P. Bay, N. W. of fort on St. Rosa Isl, S. side of ent. to St. Mary's River, N. end of island On C. St. Bias, about 2 m. from its S. point On Dog Isl., E. side of middle ent. of Tampa Bay On Egmont Key, entrance of Tampa Bay About 10 E. of Cape Sable (two lamps) 81 20 00 SO 56 00 29 52 IS 30 20 80 25 41 00 24 87 20 24 2S 30 24 32 32 30 04 00 80 20 4S 30 42 00 20 46 20 At N. W. passage, near 12 m. from Key West. . . At Sand Key (temporary) E. side of entrance to Mobile Bay On Choctaw Point, a little S. of Mobile , About 3 m. S. S. W. from Mobile Point , On W. point of C. Isl., E. of ent to Lake Borguo, On mainland, about 65 m. N. W. of Cat Island light On Round Island, off Pascagoula Bay In Biloxi village, W. of W. entrance to Biloxi Bay Mouth B. St. J., on L. Pontchartrain, 5 m. N. Orleans On F. I., at mouth of Mississippi R., N. E. pass, N. 8. Entrance of Mississippi River, S. W. pass, W. side Entrance of Mi.nsissippi E., near S. Pass, 9. "W. side E. of L. Pontchartrain, near mouth of Pearl River Lake Pontchartrain, near Madisonville At entrance of Techo E. or Atchafalaya Bay Near E. end of railroad S. side m. P. M.,b. Lakes Maurepas & Pontchartrain Lake Pontchartrain, entrance canal On March Island, near S. W. entrance to V. Bay. . Near mouth of Bayou Bon Fouca On N. end of said island On Lake Borgue At Merrill's Shell Bank (iron-boat) "W. end S. I. Shoal, in 5 fath. water, near Dernier I. In Alchafalaya Bay Mouth of Grand R., Fairport, Lake Erie On pier, mouth of Grand River Cleveland Harbor, Lake Erie On pier Cleveland Harbor, Lake Erie On pier Vermillion Harbor, Lake Erie On Turtle Island, mouth of Mauraee Bay Near entrance to Sandusky Bay On Lake Erie, N. W. of Santlusky Bay On Lake Erie, on pier, N. E. corner of Ohio On Lake Erie, Huron co., on pier On Lake Erie, Loraine co., on pier On Lake Erie, Ashtabula co., on pier Entrance to Sandusky Bay (on Keeper's House).. . On Western Sister Island, W. part of Lake Erie.. . m. above outlet of Lake Huron Near head of Detroit River, W. side W. end of Lake Erie N. side of Bois Blanc Island, near Mackinaw At mouth, E. side Lake Michigan (& beacon on pier) 30 13 42 30 44 00 30 13 00 30 13 40 30 13 55 30 20 00 30 03 00 29 03 30 2S 5S 30 23 59 42 29 19 30 SI 24 80 51 25 00 31 82 00 50 05 00 52 52 22 81 49 30 51 43 80 34 11 00 87 17 00 31 36 30 34 33 Oi S7 58 00 SS 12 00 S3 10 53 S9 05 00 89 10 20 S3 40 00 90 00 00 S9 01 24 89 20 00 89 OT 24 91 33 00 SI 23 00 81 61 00 ( FLxed / Fixed Eevol'g Fixed Fixed I Ip. 4 w. 1 In.liw, Fixed Fixed Revol'g Fixed Kevol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Eevol'g Eevol'g Eevol'g Eevol g Fixed 1 Ip.lSw. Ilp.l2w. 9lp.l2vv. 1 lp.l2w. Eevol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Eevol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Eevol'g Fixed Fixed Eevol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed 1 lamp 2 Ips. \ X Ip.l2w. Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed 80 V) 35 91 24 140- 46 l'l3 G5 LIGnT-HOUSES. Geographical Position. Aslronom Pysitiun. Character of Ligl.t t d Namea. Latitude, d. in- a. Long'ude d. m. 6. leeu Thunder Bay Isl:ind Gibr.iltnr Mich. (( (t (t (( It « u a M « III. Wise. C( Ttw. Calif. 42 49 33 37 49 22 S7 40 22 122 2S 33 Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Revol'g Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed FLxed Fixed Fixelit ; but the stajile is the potato crop, which is ver>' large. an\ : on the left bank of Penobscot r., 101 m. X. E. by N. Augusl-i. LiNcoLNTON, p. v., and cap. Lincoln co.. Ga. : 73 m. N. E. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jaU, academy, and 200 inhabitants. LiNCOLNTON, p. v., sud cap. Lincoln co., K. Car.: on the E. side of Little (or South) Catawba r., ITS m. W. by 8. Raleigh. It contains a court-house, 3 academies, 15 large stores, and about 1,000 inliabilant.s. Its trade is extensive, and near it are several mills and furnaces, producing large amounts of cotton goods, ironware, etc. The " Courier" and "Republican" are published weekly. LiNcoLNTiLLE, L and p. o.. Waldo co,, Mt\ : 37 m. E. Au- gust,!. The t. lies on the W. side of Penobscot Bay, and has a large pond in the W., which, and a stream on the N. line, afford good water-power. It hxs a fine soil for grain and pota,toes, and manufactures woolens, leather, and lumber. Duck Trap in the N. E. is a g-)od harbor, and the t. has a valuable coasting trade. Pop. 2,174. LiND, p, o., Winnebago co., Ifwc. ; S4 ra. N. N. E. Madison. Linden, p. v., and cap. Marengo co., Ala. : on Chicka- saw Bogue, 9 m. E. of the Tombigbee, 85 m. W. Montgom- ery. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 academies, several large stores, and 400 inhabitants. Two weekly papers aro published, the "L. Free Press,'' and the "Alabama Argus." Tjnden, p. o., Copiah co., Mist.: 37 m. S. S. W. Jackson. Linden, p. v., and cap. Atchi.son county, 3fo.: 249 miles N. W. by W. Jefl'erson City. It contains a court-house, hotel, and a few stores. Linden, ]>. v, and sta., Genesee county. Al Y.: 231 m. W. f\v N. Albany. The sta. is T. m. E. of Attica on the Buffalo and New York City R. R. LiNPEN, p. v., Lycoming co., Penv. : on the N. bank of Susquehanna r., 68 ra. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. The Penn- sylvania Canal passes through it 8 m. W. of Williamsport. Linden, p. v., Iowa co., TlV.sr. ; on a branch of Pecka- tonlea r., 44 ra. W. by S. Madison. Mining is the chief business. Linden, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Tfnn.: 66 ni. W. S. W. Nashville. It contains a court-house, and a few stores and dwellings. Linden Okove. Kenton co., JTy. ; the site of a fine cem- etery, about a mile from Covington. LiNDEsvnLLE, p. V., Ashlabula co., Ohio: 153 m. N. E. Columbus. LiNBENwooD, p. v., Oglc oouuty, HI. : 164 miles N. by E. Springfield. Lindley's, p. o.. Ohio CO., K'j.: near Green r., 132 m. W. S. W. Frankfurt. Lindley's Stoiu-:, p. o.. Orange conrity, K. Car. : 37 m. N. W. Raleigh. 886 LIN LnroLEYTOira, p. v., Steuben co., 2f. Y.: ISl m. W. by S. Albany. It is near Tioga r., iJong which the Coming and Blossburg R. K. |>:isse3. LiKDLv's Mills, p. 0., Washington CO., Penn.: 182 m. W. Harrisburg. LixDSAi s Mill, p. o., Trigg co., Ay. ; 191 m. 9. W. by W. Franklort, LixusAi's TtmsouT, sta., Albemarle co., rirg.: on the Virginia Central E. B., 5 m. S. W. of OordonsviUe. Line, p. o., De Kalb Co., HI. : lOT m. N. by E. Springfield. LiSE, p. o., Fulton CO., Ay.; 25G m. \V. S. W. Frankfort. Li>-E Creek, p. o., Laurens district, & Car. : 74 miles N. W. by W. Columbia. LtsE Ceeek, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ala. : 26 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. Line Ckeek, p. 0., Oktibbeha county, Miss.: 104 m. K. E. by N. Jackson. Line Lexington, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : 83 m. E. Harrisburg. It contains about 100 inhabitants, and lies on the county line, where three towns meet in it. Line Mills, p. o., Crawford county, Penn.: 20T miles N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Line Mountain, p. o., Northumberland co., Pmn. : 34 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Line Poet, p. o., Stewart CO., Tmn. : 65 m. W. N. W. Nashville. Line Stoee, p. o., Hinds county, Miiss. : 17 m. S. by W. Jackson. The New Orleans, Jacksou, and Northern I!. K. passes here. ivt xr t? LiNGLESTOWX, p. V., Dauphin co., Penn. : S m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. LiNKLAEN, t. and p. o., Chenango CO., A'. Y. : 109 ra. W. Albany. Drained by branches of Otselic r. Surface even, and sod adapted to grain growing, which is the leadiug interesL Pop. 1,196. Linn county, Ja. Situate centrally, and contains 720 eq. m. Drained by Prairie and Cedar creeks and branches, and N. E. by Buffiilo cr. and Wapsipiiiicon r. Surface undulating, and soU very fertile, equally adapted to grain and grass, raising heavy crops of corn and wheat, and feeding many cattle and sheep. The streams are large, with considerable falls, and skirled with good timber. Farms 526; manuf. 23; dwell. 991, and pop.— wh. 6,411, fr. col. 8— total 5,444. Capitul : Marion. Linn county. Mo. Situate N. middle, and contains 643 sq. m. Drained by Locust, Elk, Turkey, Yellow, and Little Yellow creeks, branches of Grand r. Surface rolling, and soil generally fertile. It has plenty of timber, flue grazing, and abundance of mast, and exports corn aiul pork in large quantities. Farms 429 ; manuf. ; dwell. 626, and pop.— wh. 8,6S1, fr. col. 0, si. 377— tolal 4,06S. CapiUd : Linneus. Linn county, Oreg. Ter. Situate S., and contains about 18,000 sq. m. It has the Willamette for its W. boundary, and is drained by its br.inclies. North and South forks of Santiam r., v,ith their affluents, Tlioiiias, Crab Tree, and Beaver creeks, and Calapooga and M'Kenzie's forks. The settled parts are between Cascade mountains and the Willamette, where the surface is but slightly broken, and the valleys alluvial bottoms of great beauty ami fertility. Grains, fruits, and vegetables of most kinds yield abundantly. The water-power is very superior, and timber of the tallest kind. Farms 136; manuf. G; dwell. 172, and pop.— wh. 994, fr. col. 0— total 994. CitpiUil : New Albany. Linn, p. v., and cap. Osage Co., Mo.: at the head of Loose cr. of the Missouri, 18 m. E. by S. Jefferson City. It consists of a court-house, an academy, and several stores. Linn Citv, p. v., Washington co., Orerj. Ter. : on the left bank of the Willamette, 33 m. N. E. by N. Salem. It is situate at the extreme bend of the r., opposite to Oregon Cily, and has a great water-power, which is improved by several saw and flouring mills. Pop. about 135. Llnnels, t. and p. o., Aroostook county. Me. : 151 m. H. E. by N. Augusta. It has several ponds, wliieh give 3S6 lis rise to streams flowing into the St. John and Penobscot. An elevated surface, and a dense growth of timber. The soil is fertile. Pop. 561. LiNNEOS, p. v., and cap. Linn CO., Mo. : on a branch of Locust cr., 102 m. N. W. by N. Jeffenion City. It contains a court-house and several dwellings. Linn Flat, p. o., Nacogdoches CO., Tet. : 216 m. E. N. E. Austin City. Linn Geote, p. v., Adams county, hid. : on W. side of Wabash r., 82 m. N. E. Indianapolis. LiNNviLLE, p. v.. Licking Co., Ohio : 34 m. E. Columbus. Pop. 1S3. LiNviLLE Ceeek, p. o., I'.ockingham Co., Tirg. : 106 m. N. W. by W. P.ichmond. Linnville EiVER, p. o., Burke CO., S. Car. : on a branch of Catawba r. so called, 184 m. W. Italcigh. LiNTON, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : 45 m. 8. by E. Iowa City. LrsTON, p. v., Greene co., Ind. : 72 m. S.W. Indianapolis. LiNwoon, p. 0., Cherokee county, Tex. : 1S4 m. E. N. E. Austin City. Lion's Beaed, p. o., Sevier co., Ark. : 128 m. W. S. W. Little Eock. LioNviLLE, p. v., Chester CO., Penn,.: 64 m. E. by 8. Harrisburg. Lisbon, t. and p. v.. New I.ondon county, Comn. : 86 m. E. S. E. Hartford. It lies chiefly between Shetucket and Quinnebaug rivers, which unite in the S., and with their branches supply fine water-power. Surface uneven ; soil sandy or gravelly loam, and excellent farming land, with extensive meadows on the streams. Farming is the leading pursuit. Cotton and woolen goods are made, and several kinds of " Yankee notions." The Norwich and Worcester P.. K. passes through the E. part along the Quinnebaug. Pop. 937. Lisbon, p. v., Kendall county, PX.: 134 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Lisbon, t. and p. o., Lincoln county, Me. : 27 m. S. S. W. Augusta. Drained by Littlo r. and the Androscoggin, whU^h bounds it 9., and has fine falls here, 6 m. below Lewiston falls. Soil very fertile, and well cultivated. Oitton and woolen goods are made, and large saw-mills run. A bridge crosses the r. here. Pop. of t 1,493. Lisbon, p. v., Howard Co.. Md. : on the Baltimore and Frederick turnpike, 13 m. from EUicott's JliUs, 37 m. N. W. Annapolis. Lisbon, t and p. v., Graflon county, N. Ramp. : 63 m. N. bv W. Concord. Drained by Ammonoosuc r. Surface varied. In the S. is Blueberry Mountain. Soil fertile, and divided into alluvial meadows and strong uplands. It is well timbered, makes maple sugar largely, and abounds in iron ore and limestone. Pop. 1,832. Lisbon, t, p. o., and sla., St. Lawrence CO., 2f. Y. : on St. Lawrence r., 166 m. N. W. by N. Albany. Surface un- dulating and heavily timbered with pine, oak, and hemlock. Soil a fertile loam. Lumber and dairy products .iro valuable exports. The st.a. is 9 m. E. of Ogdensbnrg, on the Northern (Ogdensburg) E. E. Pop. 5,295. Lisbon, p. o. and sta., Bedford co., Virg.: on the Virginia and Tennessee K. K., 32 m. W. of Lynchburg, 121 m. W. by S. Eichmond. Lisbon, t. and p. o., Waukeiany. Drained by Tioughninga r., on which are numer- ous saw-mills. Surface undulating, and soil well adapted to grazing. Timber is abundant. Pop. 1,081. LrrciiFiBLD county, Conii. Situat*? N. W., ami contains SS5 sq. m. Drained W. by Housatonic r. and its branches, and E. by Naugaluek and Farminglon rivers and their branches. Surface hilly, and in parts nigged and mountain- ous; soil a gravelly loam, well eidtivated, very productive of all the grains, and generally capital grazing. Large dairies are kept, and a large amount of wool sheared. Tlio exports are butter, cheese, beef, pork, and wool. It has an abundance of excellent water-power, and very extensive man- ufactures. Iron ore of great fineness, and a kind nuu-h sought after, is found in parts, and largely wrought, and a valuable copper mine lies in the S. E. Farms 3,621 ; manuf. 4S7 ; dwell. 8,721, and pop.— wh. 44,266. fr. col. 987— total 45.203. Cajntal: Litchfield. Puhlic Works: Housatonic E. E.; Naugatuck R. R. ; Hartford, Pro\idence, and Fishkill R. R. LiTrnFiELD. t., p. b., and cap. Litchfield co., Conn. : 2S m. W. by S. Hartford. Tlie t. lies between the Naugatuck and Shepaug rivers, and is well drained by their affluents and other streams, many of which have large water-power. Great Pond occupies 900 acres, and is the largest water- surface in the State. Surface elevated, and diversified by hills and valleys ; soil generally loam, and admirably adapt- ed for grazing. The v. on Litchfield Hill is environed by a rich and glowmg scenery, and is built mainly on two streets crossing each other at right angles, at the inlersectiou of which is an elegant square. It contains a court-house, jail, etc., an academy, and several schools, 3 churches, 2 printing- offices, and about 700 inhabitants. Two newspapers arc published here, the '*L. Enquirer" (whig), and the " L. Re- publican" (dem.), both issued weekly, and circulating about I,2U0 copies each. There are several other villages in the t. South Farms, Milton, etc. The t. has numerous manu- factures of woolens, paper, leather, iron, etc., and mills of all descriptions. It has also a good wholesale and retail trade, and is connected ^^ith the sea-board and interior by the Naugatuck R. R., which follows the valley of the river in the east border of the town. Pop. of t. 3,957. Litchfield has been the birthplace of many men distinguished in national history, science, and in literature. LiTcnriELD, p. v., and cap. Grayson co., Ky.: SS m. "W. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, acad- emy, and several stores. The Xashville and Louisville R. R. will pass through it. LiTciiFTELP, t. and p. v., Kennebec co.. Me. : 12 m. S. "W. by S. Augusta. In the N. and E. are two large ponds, trih- utar>- to the Kennebec, which afford mill-sites. Surface rough in parts, and soil verj- productive of grain and pota- toes. The V. is in the N., and contains several stores. IVip. of t 2,106. LiTCirFiELD, t. and p. v.. Hillsdale co., MivJi. : 47 m. S. by "W. Lansing. Drained by St. Joseph's and Sandy rivers, which furnish excellent water privileges. Surface di\'ersi- fied; soil very productive of wheat. Sandstone and iron ore are found. The v. is on SL Joseph's r., and has exten- sive mills and a considerable trade. Pop. of 1. 1,362. LncnFiKLD, t and p. o., Herkimer co., N. Y. : 116 m. "W. by N. Albany. Surface broken, and soil calcareous loam. A farming town, well supplied with timber. Pop. 1,076. LiTcnFiELD, t. and p. o., Medina co., Ohio: 95 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Black r. Sur- face elevated, and soil fertile. Pop. 1,332. LIT LiTonFiELD, L and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : on the N. line of the State, lU m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Weposseping cr. Surface rough, and soil adapted to gr:iZ- ing. It is mostly covered with fine limber, which consti- tutes its wealth. Litchfield Coeneks, p. c, Kennebec oo., Me, : 17 m. S. S. "\V. Augusta. LiTHGOw, p. 0., Duchess co., N. Y. : 59 m. S. Albany. LiTDOsiA, 8ta., De Kalb co., Ga. : 24 m. E. of Atlanta, on the Georgia R. R. LiTiioroLis, p. v., Fairfield county, Ohio: 15 m. S. E. Columbus. Pop. 386. LiTiz, p. v., Lancaster co., Pen7i. : 30 m. E. by 8. Harris- burg. It contains an academy, and about 500 inhabitants. LiTTLR Beaver Bridge, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: on Little Beaver cr., and Sandy and Beaver Canal, about 3 m. from the Ohio r., 136 m. E. by N. Columbus. Little Blue River, p. o., Shelby co., Ind. : near a branch of White r. so called, 25 m. E. S. E. Imlianapolis, Little Britain, p. o., Orange co., jV. Y.:\il m. S. by W. Albany. LiTTiJi; CArAPON, sta., Hampshire co.. Virg. : on the Bal- timore and Ohio R. R., 21 m. E. Cumberland. Little CnccKY, p. o., Greene county, Tenn. : 213 m. E. Nashville. Little Chute, p. v., Brown co.. Wise. : on the left bank of Neenah or Fox r., 103 m. N. N. E. Madison. The r. has a fall here of 33 feet in less than 2 m., and affords superior facilities for manufacturing. Little Compton, t. and p. o., Newport co., 7?. L : 25 m. 3. S. E. Providence. It lies on the Atlantic, at the E. sido of Narragansclt Bay, and has a somewhat uneven surftice, and a very fertile and highly cultivated .soil. Farming is the chief pursuit, and wool, live stock, and dairy produce, the staples. At Seaconnet Point, in the S. W. corner, is a breakwater, erected by government. The t. is a favorite summer resort for those in search of sea-air. Pop. 1,402. Little Compton, p. o., Carroll co., Mo.: on Grand r., SS m. N. W. Jefferson City. Little Cheek, hund., Kent co., Del. : extends across the State, bounded S. by Dover hund., and N. by Little cr., con- taining 45,300 acres. Surface even, with small elevations in the W., and soil productive. Lumber is exported. Popu- lati.m 2,237. Little Creek, hum!., Sussex county, Del. : occupies the S. W. corner of the State, has a fertile soil, well timbered, and numerous mill-sites. Bog-iron ore is found. Area 01,030 acres. Pop. 8.226. Little Creek Lanping. p. v., Kent co., Del. : on the cr. so called, about 8 m. N. E. Dover. Little Delaware river, A\ Y.: an affluent of the Moliawk or W. branch of Delaware r. It rises in the t. of Bovina, in Delaware co.. and flows "W. to its confluence. LiTiLE Detroit, p. v., Tazewell co., III. : on the left bank of Illinois r., Q& m. N. Springfield. Little Eagle, p. o., Scott co., Ky. : E. N. E. FrankforL Little E lkuart, p. o., Elkhart co., Ind.: 132 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Little Falls, p. v., Passaic co., IT. Jer. : on the Passaic r., 49 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. The r. here falls 33 feet, and furnishes immense water-power, used in extensive cottoa factories and large iron works. An excellent freestone is quarried here. The Morris Canal crosses the river on aa a(iueduct, 30 m. from Jersey City. Pop. 700. Little Falls. Herkimer co., y. Y. (see Eockton). Little Flat, p. o., Bath county, A'y.: 53 miles E. by 8. Frankfort. Little Gap, p. c. Carbon co., Pe?in. : 69 m. N. E. by E. Ilarrisburg. Little Gexesee, p. o., Alleghany co., K Y. : 233 m. W. by S. Albany. Little Grove, p. o., Montgomery county, Tenn. : 51 m- "W. N. W. Nashville. 387 LIT LiTJXE GusPOWDEE, p. o., Ballimore co., MiJ. : on \V. side of cr. so called, a m. from Gunpowder r., 84 m. N. by E. Annapolis. LmxE IIocKiiocKiNO, p. v., Washington co., Ohio : on the Oliio, at the moulh of the r. so called, 81 m. S. E. by E. Columbus. Utile Level, p. o., Tocahontas county, Virg. : near Greenbrier r., 165 m. W. by N. Kichmnnd. LiiTtpE Mabsh, p. 0., Tioga co., Pifiin. : 107 m. N. by W. Harri3l>urg. Little Me.vdo-w8, p. o., Susquehanna CO., Pain. : 119 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Little Mill Ceeek, p. o., Delaware CO., Otiio : .32 m. N. Columbus. Little Mills, p. o., Eiehmond CO., JK Otli: : 85 m. S. W. Kaleigh. Little Muddy, p. o., Franklin co., Jll. : about 1 m. E. of Litlle Muddy er., a branch of Big Muddy r., 132 m. S. by E. Springfield. Little Osage, p. o.. Bates co.. Mo. : on a branch of the Osage so called, 120 m. W. S. W. Jeffersou City. LiTiLE Pine Ciieek, p. o., Lycoming eo., i'mwi.: 82 m. N. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Little Pinet, p. o., Pulaski co., 3/0.: near the junction of LitUe Piney creek with Gasconade river, 43 m. S. by E. Jefferson City. Little Plymouth, p.. v.. King and Queen county, Virg. : 83 m. E. by N. P.ichmond, It contains an academy and about 100 inhabitaiils. Little Pkaikie, p. o., Crawford CO., Mo. : 47 m. S. E. by S. Jefferson City. LmLE Peaieie, p. o., Cass county, Ga. : 132 m. N. W. MilledgeviUe. Little Pkaibie, p. o., Chatahoula parish. La. : 94 m. N. N. 'VV. Baton Eouge. Little Peaibie, p. v., Walworth co.. Wise. : D3 m. S. E. Madison. LiiTLE Peaikie Eonde, p. v., Cass county, Mich. ; 81 m. S. W. Lansing. Little P.est, p. 0., Duchess co., JV. J' Little P.itek, p. v., Blount co., Temi. : on a branch of Tennessee r. so caUed, 267 m. E. by S. Nashville. Little Kivee, p. o., Columbia Co., Flo!: : 91 m. E. by S. Tallahassee. Little P.ivee, p. o. Caldwell CO., A' Car.: on a branch of Catawba r., 149 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Little Eivei:, p. o., Horry dist., ,5. Car. : on a stream of that name, flowiug into the Atlantic, 12S m. E. by S. Columbia. Little P.ivee, p. o., Floyd eo., Tirg. : on a branch of New r., 171 m. W. 9. W. Richmond. Little P.ivee Tillage, p. v., Lincoln CO., Me. : near the junction of Little r. and the Androscoggin, 27 m. S. S. W. Augusta. It contains several mills .ind 400 inhabiUints. Little river : a tributary of Peedce river, and forms the boundary between North and South Carolina. Little river, A'y. : a tributary of Cumberland river. Little river, Jiid. : a tributary of Wabash r., which it enters above Vincennes. Little river, Ga.: a tributary of the Savannah, which it meets 80 m. above Augusta. It rises in Oglethorpe county, and in its course to the E. passes through Taliaferro, and between Wilkes and Lincoln on the N., and Warren and Columbia on the S., forming their boundaries. Little Rock. p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Arl:: and capital of the Slate of Arkansas ; on the S. side of Arkansas river, 300 miles above its mouth— hit, 34° 40' N. and long. 920 12' W.— 1,0S6 m. W. hy S. Washington. It was first settled in 1S29. The v., as its name imiilies, is situ.atc on a high rocky bluff, 150 to 200 feet above the r., and is the first place where rocks appear above its mouth. It is regu- larly laid out, the streets intersecting at right angles, and contains the State Uousc and the Slate Penitentiary, the LIT County Court-house, jail, etc., and a United Stales arsenal, the ofBces of the Surveyor General of Public Lands for the district of Arkansas, and a Register ami Receiver's Office. It has also numerous stores and warehouses, and several flour and saw mills, both steam and water. It has a large trade with the interior, and may be considered as the dep6t of all the region eNlending far into the Indian Territory. Many of the churehes are well built, and even elegant, and number some dozen, including the Catholic Cafhedral of SL Andrew. The Catholic Bishop of the diocese of Little Rock, and the Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the diocese of Arkansas reside in the village. There are several academies and schools, and in this connection it may be stated that the Calbolics have charge of the most enicient and flourishing. At Litlle Rock Is ibe head of ordinary steam navigation; during high flood, however, steamboats ascend the river to Fort Gibstm, 1,000 m. further up. Pop. about 4fi00. Little Rock, p. o., KendaU CO., lU. : 14G m. N. by E. Springfield. Little Rock Fisn, p. o., Cumberland co., A^ Car. : on a branch of Cape Fear r., 59 m. S. RalcTgh. LiTTLE-s, sta., UilLsboro' county, A^. Ilamp. : 11m. N. of Lowell, on Nashua and Lowell P.. R. Little Sandusky, p. v.,Wyandott Co., OMo: ona branch of Sandusky river, 63 m. N. by W. Columbus. It contains several stores and 300 inhabitiints. Little St. Josepu river, J>id. : a constituent of Maumee river. It rises in Ohio, and after pa.ssing through De Kalb and Allen counties of Indiana, joins SL M,ary's r. at Fort Waj-ne— the two forming the Maumee. II is otherwise called St. Joseph of Lake Erie. Little Sandy, p. o., Morgan co., Jy.: SS m. E. by S. Frankf.irt. Little Scioto, p. o., Marion CO., Ohio : 45 m. N. by W. Columbus. Little Skin Okeek, p. o., Lewis county, Ttrg. : 1S7 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Little Sodus, p. v., Cajniga CO., if. T. : on Little Sodus Bay, 161 m. W. by N. Albany. Little Sodos bay, Cayuga Co., JK T.: s. small inlet of Lake Ontario, about 3 m. deep and 1 m. wide. It is situate about IS m. E. of Sodus Bay, in the town of Sterling, and receives near its outlet Sodus cr. The water is deep, but a bar obstructs the entrance from the lake. LiTTLESTOTYN, p. v., Adams CO., renn. : 34 m. S. S. W. Ilarrisburg. Littleton, p. v., Schuyler CO., III.: 43 m. W. N. W. Sprinifleld. Littleton, t and p. v., Middlesex CO., MaiS. : 24 m. N. W. by W. Boston. Drained by Stony Brook, a branch of the Merrimae, and Beaver r., a branch of Concord r., which supply it with water-power. Surface uneven, and soil generally of good quality. Superior rye and hops aro raised, and flue dairies kept. Various small factories occupy the streams, which aro fed by two large ponds. A variety of limestone is quarried. The Fitehburg R. R. crosses the t., and has a sla. 31 m. from Boston. Pop. of t. 991. Littleton, t. and p. v., Grafton CO., y. Ilamp. : 76 m. N. by W. Concord. The t. extends 14 m. on the Connec- ticut r., which, for the whole distance, has an impetuous cur- rent that no boat can stem, known as the Fifleen Mile Falls. Surface broken by numerous high hills, and soil adapted to grazing chiefly. Drained S. by Ammonoosuc r., on which are fertile meadows ; and the v., which is at the falls, con- tains .several mills and factories. Pop. of t 2,008. LiTTLiTON.p. o., Morris co., K ,/«■..■ 44 m. N. N. E. Trenton. Littleton, p. o. and sta., Halifax CO., X. Cur. : 03 m. N. E. by N. Raleigh. It is on the Gaston and Raleigh E. R., 9 m. from Gaston. Littleton, p. o. and sta., P.ichland disl., f. Car.: at the junction of Little and Broad rivers by the Greenville and Columbia E. E., 15 m. from Columbia. LIT LIV Littleton, p. o., Sussex county, Virg. : 46 m. S. by E. Eichmond. Little Traverse bay, Mich, : in the N W. prtrt of the Lower Pi-ninsula. It has the best harbor N. of Grand r. and Saginaw J!ay. The anchorage is good, and vessels mny come wthin 10 R-et of the sijore. Little Utica, p. o., Onondaga co., K. Y. : 126 m. "W. by N. Albany. Lm-LE Tallet, t, p. v., and sta., Cattaraugus co,, K. Y. : 2S'2 ni. W. by 9. Albany. Intersected by Alleghany r., and drained by its branches, whicti furnish many mill-sites. Surface l>rnken, and soil of average fertility. Timber is plenty. The Erie R. K. crosses the K. part of the t., and the sta. is 3S m. E. of Dunkirk. Pop. I,8>i3. Little Woods, p. v., Kane co.. ///. .- about 2 m. E. of Fox r., and ne;ir the Galena and Chicago Union E. E., 172 m. N. N. E. Ppringtield. Little Vadkin, p. o., Plokes co., JV. Cur.: on a branch of Yadkin r.. US m. W. N. W. Raleigh. Little York, p. v., Warren co., III. : on S. side of Hender- son's r.. 101 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. Little York, p. o., AVashington co., Ind. : 74 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Little York. p. o., Hunterdon co., A^. Jer. LrTTLE Yore, p. o., Cortlandt co., 2^. Y. : 12G m. W. Albany. LnTLE York, p. v.. Montgomery co., Ohio: on the Miami r., (J7 m. W. by S. Columbus. LiTWALTON, p. o., Lancaster co., llrg.: 51 m. E. by N. Eichmond. Lively, p. v., St. Clair co., liL : on the left bank of Kas- kaskia r., 105 m. 9. Springlield. Lively Oak, p. o., Lancaster county, Virg. : 54 m. E. Eii'bmon4S,S32 bushels of fine or table-salt. It is on the Oswego Canal, 5 m. N. of its junc- tion with the Erie Canal at Syracuse, and contains a dozen stores, ami about 1,000 inhabitants. LivEKi'ooL. L and p. o., Medina county, Ohio: 99 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by Eocky r., which fur- nishes water-power. Surface somewhat Ijroken, and soil fertile. Iron ore, salt, sulphur, and rock qil are found. Pop. 2.164. LivF.EPOoL. t. and v., Columbia co., Ohio : 132 m. E. N. E. Columbus. The Ohio r. flows on iLs S. boundary. The v. is situate on the r., about 50 m. below Pittsburg, and has f35 inhabitants. The manufacture of earthen-ware is car- ried on extensively. Pop, of t. 1,564. Liverpool, t. and p. b.. Perry co., Penn. : on tlie W. side of Sus(|uehaTma r., 24 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Sur- face rougli in parLs, with rich loamy valleys. It is well sup- plied with water-power and limber, and has many flour and saw mills. The v. is on the r., at the mouth of a cr., and contains several stores and establishments for making iron. LivKHP' toy., p. o., Brazoria co., Tex. : on Chocolate Bayou, 157 m. E. S. E. Austin City. Liverpool, p. v., Fulton co., III. : on the right bank of Illinois r., 44 ra. N. N. W. Springfield. LiviNGsTo.v county, III. Situate N. E., and contains 1,029 sq. m. Drained by Vermillion r. of the Illinois and its branches. Surface level ; soil fertile. It consists mostly of extensive prairies, some of which are low and wet, with iiiV! streams, and little timber. It has some water-power, and in parts, deposits of coal and limostcnie. Farms 1S5; manuf. 0; dwell. 261. and pop. — wh. 1,552, ft. ooi. — total 1,552. Capital: Pontiac. Livingston county, Kij. Situate W., and contains 236 sq. m. Bounded N. and W. by the Ohio, and S. by the Tennessee, and intersected by the Cumberland, Surface pleasantly varied, and soil very productive. Tobacco is the farnsing staple, but corn and wheat are fine crops. It cx- piirlsa great deal of pork, and manufactures lealhcr. and agricultural machinery. Farms 4'^5 : nianiif 13 ; dwell. 915, and pop.— wh. 5,404, fr. col. 56, si. 1,118— total 6,57S. Cap' ital: Salem. Livingston parish. La. Situate S. E., and contains 786 sq. m. Bounded W. and S. by Ainitie r. and Lake Mau- repas, into which it flows, and E. by Tangipahoa r., enter- ing Lake Pontehartrain, between which are Tickfaw r. and many small streams. Surface level, with extensive marshes ; soil fertile. Cotton, corn, and rice, are staples. There are on some of its streams water-privileges, which arc profit- ably employed. Farms 219 ; manuf. 13; dwell. 4S0, and pop,_«h. 2,523, fr. col. 20, si. S42— total 3,3$5. Capital: Springfield. Public Works: New Orleans, Jackson, and Northern E. K. Livingston county, Mich. Situate S. E., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained N. by heads of Shiawassee r.. W. by heads of Cellar r.. a branch of Grand r., and S. by hearisk trade, on the Conemaugh r. and \V. division Canal, and a charcoal furnace of ],0U0 tons annual capaeity. LocKPOBT, p.^v., Williams co., OJdo: on W. side of Tiffin cr., 12S m. N. W. by N. Columbus. LocKPOP.T.v., Licking CO., Ohio : on the Ohio Canal, 31 ra. E. by N. Culumbvis. Population 42. LocKPORT, v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on the Oliio Canal, about a mile S. of New Philadelphia, and S3 m. E. N. K. Cohimbus. Pop. 17S. LocKiiiDGE, p. v., Jefferson county, 7a. .- 47 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Look's Village, p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 71 m. W. by N. Boston. LocKviLLE, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio : 17 m. S. E. by E. Columlnis* It is on the Ohio Cana!, 30 m. from Newark. LocKwooD, p. 0., Sussex co., A^. Jer. : 49 m. N. Trenton. Loco Pp.AiEiE, p. v., M'lleiiry co., HI. : ISO m. N. by E. Spririgtleld. LocrsT BATOir. p. o., Washita co., Arl\: on an affluent of Washita r. so called, 9S m. S. S. W. Little Koek. Locust Cohner, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: 7G m. S. W. Columbus. Locust Creek, p. o., Louisa county, Virg,: 29 m. N. W. Eichmond. Locust Dale, p. o,, Madison co., Virg.: on a branch of Eapid Ann r., 62 m. N. W. Kichmond. Locust Gp.ov'E, p. o., Searcy co., Arl:: 03 m. N. by AV. Little Kock. Locust Grove, p. o., Henry co., Oa. : 5G m. W. N. W. Millcdgeville. Locust Grove, p. o., Callaway county, Kt/. : 112 m. B. W. by W. Frankfort. Locust Grove, p. v., Williamson co., ///. ; 14G m. S. S. E. Springfleld. Locust Grove, p. v., Adams co., Ohio: on the E. side of Bnish cr.. 67 m. S. by W. Columbus. Locust Gro^-e, p. o., Weakly co., Tenn. : 9S m. W. by N. Nashville. Locust Grove, p. o., Orange co., Tirg.: 5S m. N. W. Eichmond. Locust Grove, p. o., Montgomery county, Jnrl, : 44 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. Locust Grove, p. o., Henry c«., 3/b. ; about 3 m. S. of Grand r., 76 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. Locust IIill, p. o., Caswell co., N. Car. : 66 m. N. W. Ealeigh. Locust Hill, p. o., Washington county, Peiin. : 141 W. Harrisburg. Locust Hill, p. o., Anderson district, S. Car. : 105 m. W. N. W. Columbia. Locust Lane, p. o., Fayette co., Virg. : 194 m. W. by N. Richmond. Locust Mills, p. o., Bracken co., Kt/. : 53 m. N. E. by E. Frankfort. L0CU6T Mount, p. o., Accomac co., Virg. : % m. E. N. E. Richmond- Locust Mount, p. o., Washington co., Tenn.: 23S m. E. Nashville. Locust Shade, p. 0., Overton county, Tenn. : 82 m. E. Nashville. Locust Spring, p. v., Macoupin co., IlL : 27 m. S. S. W. Springfield. Locust Spring, p. 0., Cumberland county, Ky. : 106 m. S. by W. Frankfort. Locust Tree, p. o., Niagara co., .V; T. .'(SOS m. W. by N. Albany. Locustvtlle, p. 0., Accomac co., Virg. : 89 m. E. by N. Eichmond. LoDDY, p. o., Hamilton co., Tenn. : near Saluda cr. of tho Tennessee, 79 m. E. 9. E. Nashville. LoDi, t. and p. o., Bergen county, 2^. Jer. : 53 m. N. E. Trenton. It is mostly level, and lies between Hackensack r. on the E. and the Passaic and its branch, Saddle r., on the W., which furnish good mill-sites. The Union R. R. crosses the Pa-ssaic on its W. border, 12 m. from New York. Pop. 1.113. Loi.i. p. o., Coweta county, Ga.: 106 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. Loin. p. o., Choctaw co., J//.*.-*.; fi^ ra. N. N. E. Jackson. LoDi, p. v., Clark CO., ///. .■ 106 m. E. by S. Springfield. Loin, t, and p. o., W.ashtenaw co.,3fic?i.: 52 m. S. E. Lansing. Surface level, and soil admirably adapted to grazing. Fop. 1,2^*4. Loot, t. and p. v., Seneca co., jV. T. : on the E. side of Seneca Lake, HU m. W. Albany. Surface rolling; soU clayey loam, antl very fertile. Farming is the chief pursuit Gypsum is found. Pop. 2.269. LoDi, t. and p. o., Columbia co.. Wise. : on the E. side of Wisconsin r., IS m. N. Madison. Drained by Ockee cr. It has a good soil and excellent timber. Pop. 30S. Loni. p. v., Medina co,, Ohio : on E. branch of Black r., S" m. N. E. by N. Columbus. It contains several mills and 200 inhabitants. Loni, sta,, Seneca co., Ohio: 23 m. from Sandusky on the Mad River and Lake Erie E. E. Loni, p. o.. Abbeville dist., S. Car. : about 2 m. W. of Saluda r., 56 m. W. by N. Columbia. LoDi, p. o., Jackson co., T&nn. : 67 m. E. N. E. Nashville Loni Bar, p. 0., Sumter dist, S. Car.: E. Columbia. Loiu Centre, p. o., Seneca co., N. T. : 161 m.W. Albany LoDiviLLE, p. v.. Parke co., TnO. : on the E. bank of Wa- bash r.. 44 m. W. by N. Indianapolis. It is at the mouth of Coal cr. and on the Wabash and Erie Canal. LoiioRE, p. 0.. Amelia co., Virg. : 32 m. S. W. Richmond. Logan county, Ul. Situate centrally, and contains 533 sq. m. Drained l»y Salt cr., a branch of Sangamon r., and its affluents, Lake Fork. Sugar, and Kickapoo creeks. Sur- face undulating and nearly level-; soil exceedingly fertile, being mostly rich prairie with occasional groves of Mmber, and producing large crops of corn and whi-at wit.'i little effort. It is especially adapted to grazing, and live-stock, beef, and pork, are the exports. Farms 476; manuf 14; dwell. «i35, and pop.— wh. ."1.12?. fr. col. 0— total 5,123. Cop- ittd: Postvillc. Piihlic Works: Central K- R. ; Chicago and Mississippi R. E. Logas county, K>f. Situate S. W.. and contains 591 eq m. Drained S. by Red and Big Whippoorwill rivers. 891 LOG LON branches of llie Cumber I iitid, unci N. by Elk Lick, Wolf Lick, and Big Mudily rrecks of Orcon r. Surface clevalcd table-land; soil geUL-rnlly fertile. Tobacco, com, oats, and wheat are staple products. It has flnc faeililica for manu- factures, and they are extensively imprcved in produciiijL; woolen and cotton goods, flour, leather, earthen-ware, etc. Farms 1,130 ; manuf. 4i) ; dwell. 1,917, and pop.— wh. 10,751, fr col. 363, si. 5,467-— totallG.fiSl. Otpitnl: Kusaellville. Logan county, Ohio. Situate W. centrally, and contains 43S sq. m. Drained E. by Kush, MiU, and Big Darby creeks of the Scioto; W, by Little Miami and branches, Stony and Cherokee creeks, etc. Surface undulating or slightly broken; soil productive and well adaiilej to grain. Cum is the etiiplc. Wheat is a successftd crop and pork an ex- port It has many mill-streams and nourishing factories, with convenient markets. Farms 1,626; numuf. SS; dwell. 8,243, and pop.— wh. 1S,631, fr. col. 531— total 19,162. Cap- iUd: Bellefontaine. Fuhltc Works: BeUefonlaino and In- diana R. E. ; Mad River and Lake Eric K. R., etc. Logan county, Virg. Situate S. W., a?id contains 702 sq. m. Tug fork of Big Sandy r. bounds it W., the Guyan- dotte and branches drain it E., and Laurel and Caney creeks flow between into the Ohio. Surface hilly and broken ; soil fertile, and excellent pasturage. Corn, oats, and potatoes are staples. It has flne mill-streams, which are used prin- cipally to work up the timber of the higher portions. Farms 469; manuf. 0; dwell. 572, and pop.— wh. 3,533, fr. col. {}, 8l. 67— total 3,620. Capital: Logan C. H. Logan, p. v., Dearborn county, Ind. : 74 m. E. 8. E. Indianapolis. Logan, p. c, Tompkins co., 2^. T. : 161 m. W. Albany. Logan, p. v., and cap. Hocking co., Ohio : on the N. bank of Hocking r., 42 m. S. E. Columbus. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and several mills. Excellent water-power is furnished by the falls, which are 1 m. above the v. The "H. Sentinel'' (dem.), and " H. Valley Repub- lican" (whig), are published weekly. The Hocking Canal passes through the v. 2S m. from Athens. Pop. 793. Logan, p. o., Laclede county, Mo. : 69 m, 8. by W. Jefferson City. Logan C. H., p. v., and cap. Logan co,, Virg.: on the right bank of Guyandotte r., 24t m. W. Richmond. It con- tains a cnurt-house and several stores. Logan Mili5, p. o., Clinton co., Pemi. : 59 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. A charcoal furnace of SOO tons annual capa- city is located here. Logan's Ckeek, p. c, Reynolds co., 3Xo. : 127 m. S. S. E. Jefferson City. Logan's Ferky, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn. : 123 m. W. Harrisburg. LoGANSPORT, p. v., De Soto par.. La. : on the left bank of Sabine r., 191 m. N. W. by W. Baton Rouge. LoGANSPORT, p. v., and cap. Cass co., Ind.: at the junc- tion of Eel r. with the Wabash. 63 m. N. by W. Indian- apolis. It is at the head of steamboat navigation, and just below the falls, which furnish immense water-power, and has a large trade, by river, canal, and plank-roada, with the fer- tile region on every side; the products of which are ship- ped here for the E. and 8. markets. It contiuns a court- house and jail, 2 banks, an academy, several largo mills, and 8,000 inhabitants. The " L. Journal" (whig), and the " Dem- ocratic Pharos," are published weekly. Logan's Store, p. o., Rutherford co., JV. Car.: 211 m. W. by S. Raleigh. LoGANViLLE, p. V., Logau CO., Oldo: on Miami r., 54 m. W. N. W. Columbus. LoGANviLLE, p. V., Tork CO, Penn. : 26 m. S. Harrisburg. Log Cabin, p. o. Morgan co., Ohio: 64 m. E. S, E. Columbus. Log Lice, p. o. Switzerland county, Ind. : 87 m. S. E. Indianapolis. LoGTowN, p. 0., Wachita par., La. : 101 m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. LoMBABDY, p. 0., Columbia co., Ga.: 69 m. £. N. £> Milledgeville. LoMBARDY Grove, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Ttrg. : 63 nL S. 8. W. Richmond. LoMiRA, L and p. o., Dodge co., in.?c. ; 62 m. N. E. Madison. Drained by heads of Rock r, furnishing good mill-seats. Surface varied, and soil excellenU Pop. 65=3. LoNACONiNG, p. v., Alleghany co., 3Id. : on W. side of George's cr., about 6 m. from the Potomac, 141 m. W. N. W Annapolis. It is in the mining region, and connected by a private railway with the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. A furnace here producing 3,000 tons of iron per annum. London, p. v., and cap. Laurel co., Ay. ; S3 m. S. S. E. FrankforL It consists of a conrt-house and a few dwellings. The Knoxville and Lexington R. R. will pass through it. London, t. and p. o., Monroe co., Mich. : 67 ra. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Stony cr. and a branch of River Raisin. Surface level, and well-tuubcrcd ; soil very pro- ductive of wheat. Pop. 626. London, p. v., Mercer co., Penn. : 133 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. London, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Ohio : 35 m. W. by 9. Columbus. It contains a court-lu)iise. jail, and an academy, and has a large trade in domestic products. The Columbus and Xenia R. R. passes through it, 35 m. from Xeuio. The "L. Sentinel" is published weekly. Pop. 513. London Bridge, p. o., Princess Anne co., Yirg. : 86 m. E. 8. E. Richmond. London Crrr, p. v., Fayette co., JU.: &4 m. 8. E. by S, Springfield. Londondekey, t and p. v., Rockingham co., K. Ilamp. : 29 m. S. by W. Concord. Drained by Beaver r., a branch of the Merriraac, which touches the N. W. comer. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, making it a very superior farming and dairy district. The Manchester and Lawrence R. R. crosses the N. part, and the sta. is 6 m. S. of its connection with the Concord R. R. at Manchester. The v. is in the S., and con- tains an exceUent and well-endowed academy. Population of 1. 1,731. Londonderry, t. and p. o., Guernsey co., Ohio: SS m. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Tuscarawas r. Surface rolling, and soil excellent for grass and grain. Pop. 1,551. Londonderry, t and p. o., Windham co., Venn. : 74 m. W. by 8. Montpelier. Drained by branches of West r., which famish good water-power. Surface uneven ; soil on the streams ver>- fertile— in the higher parts fit only for graz- ing. Wool Is a large export It has several manufactories of woolens and farming implements. Pop. 1,274. Londonderry, t, and p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 62 m. E. 9. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Doe Run, a branch of Uie Brandywine. Surface even, and soil sandy and well culti- vated. Farming is the chief business. London Grove, t and p. o., Chester co., Penn.: 59 m. E. 8. E. Harrisburg. Drained by White Clay cr. and its branches, which furnish valuable mill privileges. Surface somewhat uneven, and soil a rich loam. It h-ia extensive manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, flour, leather, etc. Lone Jack, p. o., Jackson co., Mo. : 106 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. Lone Star, p. o., Titus co., Tex. : 271 m. N. E. Austin City. Lone Tree, p. c. Bureau co., lU. : 99 m. N. Springfield, LoNG-A-coMESG, p. V., Camden co., K. Jer. : 80 m. S. by W. Trenton. Long Bottom, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio: S3 m. 8. E. by E. Columbus. Long Bottom, p. o., Marshall co., Virg.: 234 m.N. W. Richmond. Long Branch, p. o., Monroe co.. Mo. : on a branch of Salt r., 52 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Long Branch, p. o., Franklin co., Virg. : 145 ni. W. S. W. Richmond. LON LON Long Bkancii, p. v., Monmouth county, -^^ J«i'.: 3S m. E. by N. Trt'nlun. The bench known by that name is a lonir sandy peninsula, liavin^ Ihc Atlnnlic on Ihc E. and Shrewsbury r. on the W'., and is much resorted In in sum- mcf for its fine bathiui^, fishing, and gumiin^r. Ample accommodulions are affnrded fur visitors, and many cotta«:c3 are occupied by permauont residents. In tlic vicinity there are many pleasant and romantic villages, and much fine natural scenery. Steamboats i)ly regularly in the summer season from New York City. Long Cane, p. o., Troup county, Ga.: about 2 m. E. Chattahoochee r., 117 m. W. Milledgeville. Long Cane, p. o., Abbeville district, S, Ciir. : 73 m. W. Columbia. Long Crekk, p. o., New Hanover county, y. Car.: 97 m. S. S. E. Raleigh. Long Creek, p. o., Louisa county, Virg. : S4 in. N. "W. Eichnumd. Long Creek, p. o., Panola co., Srian. : 140 m. N. Jackson. Long Falls Check, p. o., Da\'iess co., Ky. : on a branch of Green r. of that name, 130 nL \V. S. W. Frankfort. Long Glade, p. o., Augusta co., Vlrg. : 102 m. W. N. W. Hichmond. Lon(; Grkkn Academy, p. o., Baltimore co., 3fd.: 34 m. N. Annapolis. Long GKo^•E, p. v., Lake co., ///. ; on Buflido cr. of the Des riaines, 1S9 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Long Hall, p. c, Caldwell eo., Ay.; I'Jl ra. W. S. W. Frankfort. Long Hill, p. o., Morris county, J\' Jer. : 44 m. N. N. E. Trenton. Long Island, y. T.: a long narrow island, forming tlie S. E. portion of the State of New York, ami lying between the Atlantic on the South and Long Island Sound on the North. Its length from the "Narrows"' to Montauk Point is 113 m.. and its general width varies from 12 to 20 miles. It is divided into tlie counties of Kings, Queens, and Sufflilk, and contains about l,44.s sq. m. Its coasts are much broken by indentations, forming innumerable small bays and har- bors, many of which embosom marshy islands, and almost the whole south coast is lined with a long sandy beach, between which and the main island is a fine inland naviga- tion for smalt craft. A ridge or chain of hills, more or less elevated, but not exceeding SiiO feet in height, extends east and west; the surface N. of the ridge is in general rough and broken, while on its S. side the surface is a plain, gently falling toward the Atlantic. On both sides of the island are numerous streams emptying into bays and inlets, afl"ording, however, but small hydraulic power — the bays abounding in fine fish, oystiTS, etc. The streams at the W. end of the island are destined to furnish water fur the cities of Brooklyn, ■Williamsburg, etc., by means of dams and culverls. Light- houses have been erected at several points on both sides of the island and on Montauk Point, its E. extremity. Tlie Long Islan(i K. 11. traverses the island almost through its middle from Brooklyn to Grcenport. Long Island sound, A''. Y. : a large and important body of water, between the State of Connecticut and Long Island. It is about 100 m. long, and from 10 lo 2rt m. wide, and receives from Connecticut all its great rivers. The sound connects with the ocean on the E., and on the W. with New York Bay, through Hell Gate and the East river. The coasting vessels and the steamers plyitig between New York and the New England States almost invariably take the sound or inside route. Long John, p. o., "Will county, III. : 157 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Long Lake, p. o., Genesee cc, Mich. : near a pond so called, tributary to Shiawassee r., 43 m. E. Lansing. Long Lane, p. o., Dallas county, Mo. : 03 miles S. S. W. Jefferson City. Long Mahsh, p. o., Queen Anne co,, Md. . 87 m. E. N. E. Auuapolis. B8 Long Meadow, t. and p. v., Hampden ro„ Mis:-;. : on tho E. side of Connecticut river, and S. line of tiie Slate, SI m, W. S. "W. Boston. Drained by small aflluents nf the Connecticut. Surface mostly level, a large part of the town being alluvial meadows. Soil very fertile and Itigldy cnlti- vafed. It hasseveral tanneries, and makes excellent bricks, but is eminently a farming t., with markets for its produce at its doors. A su|)erior kind of red building stone is abundant, and extensively quarried. The New Haven, Ilartfurd, and Springfield II. li. passes through it. and has a sta. 4 m. S. of Springfield. The v., a long broad .«treet, about 1 m. from and paralk-l with the river, is beautifully shaded by rows of tall elms, and enntains many elegant farm houses anin. Ter. : near the river of that name, a branch of Crow Wing r., 103 m. N. W. St. Paul. Long Pidge, p. o., Fairfield co., Cojin.: 55 m. 8. W, Hartford. Long Pun, p. c, Jefferson co., Xy. : 20 m. W. by N. Frankfort. Long Satannak, p. o., Hamilton county, Tt'f)n. : 140 m. S. E. by E. Nashville. Long's Bridge, p. o., Hancock co., Ga.: near Buffalo or. of the Oconee, 17 m. E. by N. Milledgeville. Long's Mili-s, p. o., Randolph county, Ji. Cur. : 01 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Long Street, p. c, Moore Co., .Al Car. : 35 m. S. W. Raleigh. Long Street, p. o., Pulaski co., Ga. : 42 m. S. by W. Milledgeville. Long Street, p. o., Lancaster dist., iS. Cor. : about 3 m. E. of Catawba r., 42 ni. N. by E. Columbia. Long Swa-Mp, p. o., Marion co., Flor. : 109 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Long Swamp, t. and p. o., Berks county, Penn.: GO ra. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Little Lehigh r., on which arc several mills and small factories. Surface hilly, and soil gravelly loam. Leather, jtowder, and iron are made. At the V. is a furnace of 1.000 tons capacity. LoNGTowN, p. o., Fairfield dist,, S.Car. : 23 m. N. N. E. Columbia. LoNGTOWN, p. 0., Panola co., 3Iisii. : 1-33 m. N. by E. Jackson. Long Vallet, p. o., Monroe co., Penn. : 93 m. N. E. by E Ilarrisburg. Long View, p. o., Bradley co., Ark. : on the W. bank of Sabine r. of the Washita, 94 m. S. by E. Little Rock. Long View, p. o., Morgan county, Tenn.: V2Z m. E. Nashville. Long View, p. o., Christian co., Ay. .' 170 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. LoNGwoOD, p. 0., Fayellc county, Iiid. : 49 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. fiO;J LON LOU LoNGwoou, p. o., Sabine co., Tex. : near Patroou bayou, 249 ni. E. N. K. Austin City. LoNQuooD, p. o., Union county, ity. .* 171 to. "W. by S. Frankfort. LoNsDALK, p. V. and sta., Providence co., 7?. I. : on Black- Btor.e r, 7 m. N. Providence. It has a good share of trade, and is largely interested in manufactures of various kinds, for whicli its situation is well filled. The sta. is 7 m. from Providence on the Providence and Worcester li. U. LoNSviLLB, p. 0., Pike county, iiy. .' 143 m. E. S, E, Frankfort. Looking Glass, p. t., Clinton co., III. : on the "SV. side of Sugar cr. of Kaskaskia r., SO m. 8. Springfield. Looking Glass (or Wabenassebee) river, jVic?i. : a beau- tiful clear stream rising in a small lake on the S. border of Shiawassee co., flowing first N. and then W. through Shia- wassee, Clinttm, ete., into Grand r. It is 70 m. long and about 40 yards wide, and navigable for canoes to near its Bourees. The country near its souroes is somewhat swampy, but in its lower course is well timbered and fine lands. Look Out, p. o., Cole co., Mo. : N. side of N. Moreau cr., 15 m. W. JelTerson City. Lookout mountain, Ga.: a remarkable elevation in the N. W. part of the State. At iLs highest culmination it is crowned with a watch-tower of rock palisades, from which the eye obtains a most extensive and beautiful prospect of the wild scenery of the country. LooMisviLLE, p. v., Kent co., Mich. : 52 m. "W. N. "W. Lansing. Looney's Creek, p. o., Marion co., Teiin.: on an affluent of the Tennessee so called, 97 m. S. E. Nashville. LouME^viLLE, p. v., M'Donald co., Mo. : on Elk r., an E, branch of the Neosho, 172 m. S. W. by S. JeETerson City. LoosAUATCUEE, p. o., Sliclby CO., Tenn. : near an affluent of Mississippi r. so called, 174 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Loose Ceeek, p. o., Osage county. Mo. : 14 m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. LooxAiiOMA, p. 0., De Soto co., Miss. : 15G m. N. Jackson. LoR/.DO, p. 0., Greene co., Ark. : 147 m. N. E. by N. Little liock. Lorain county, 07do. Situate N. on Lake Erie, and con- tains 727 sq. m. Drained by Black r. and its branches, and W. by Vermillion r. Surface unduhiling and slojiing In the N. ; soil fertile, adapted equally to grass and grain. Wheat and corn are the cereal staples, and they yield luxuriantly. It has large dairies, and many sheep are reared. Live- stock, beef, wool, and pork are important exports. The streams afford excellent water-power, and manufactures arc extensively prosecuted. It also has a large trade on the lake. Farms 2,430; manuf. 64; dwell. 4,674, and pop.— wh. 35,324, fr. col. 2(J2— total 2C,0S6. Capital: Elyria. Public irc/'A-.s ; Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus R. li. ; Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland K. K. ; Junction 11. E., etc. LoRAMiE, t. and p. o., Shelby co., O/iio: 74 m. W. by N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Miami r. ; soil mostly fertile. Miami Canal passes the N. E. corner, and the Belle- fontaine and Indiana It. P. crosses it. Pop. 1,049. LoRENTz's Store, p. o., Lewis co., Virg. : 1S2 m, W. N.W. Richmond. LoitKNTZoviLLE FouNDRY, p. 0., Shenandoah co., Vi/'ff. : 107 m. N. W. Pachmond. LoRBTTo, p. 0., Essex county, Virg. : 41 m. N. E. by N. Richmond. LoHETTo, p. 0., Marion co., JTy. .* 49 m. S. S.W. Frankfort LoRETTo, p. 0., Cambria co., Penn. ; 94 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Lorraine, t and p. c, Jefferson coimly, y. Y. : 138 m. N.W. by W. Albany. Drained by branehes of Sandy cr., which move several flour and numerous saw mills. Surface broken, and soil day and sandy loam, well fitted for graz- ing. A fine farming t. antl heavily timbered. Pop, 1,511. Lo9 Anc;elos county, Calif. Situate S., and comprises about 1S,000 sq. m. The streams emptying into the Pacific, 8D4 along the coast of which the county extends about 150 m., are Santa Clara, the N., and Santa Anna, the S. boundary, San Pedro, San Gabriel, and Los Angelos; the principal stream E. is Mohave r., a branch of the Colorado. San Pedro Bay, on the S., is a good harbor, and oijpositc it is Santa Catalina, and separated from the N. by the ehannel of Santa Barbara, is Santa Cruz, two large and beautiful islands. Surface broken in the W. by the Sierra Nevand. Lost Creek, p. o., Breathitt co., Ay. ; on a branch of Kentucky r., 102 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. Lost Grove, p. o., De Kalb co., Ml. : 157 m. N. by E. Springfield. Lost Mouktain, p. o., Cobb co., Ga. : 109 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Lost River, p. o.. Orange co., Ind. : near the branch of White r. so called, 78 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Lost r. rises in Washington co., and takes a W. course through tho N. part of Orange, and forms a junction with Lick cr, aud falls into the E. fiirk of White r. near the S. line of Martin county. This stream, as well as many of its tributaries, sinks and runs underground for considerable distances, and then rises ag;nn. Lost River, p. o.. Hardy co., Virg. : on a branch of Great Cacapon r., IIS ra. N. W. Richmond. Lost Village, p. c. New Madrid co.. Mo. : 94 m. S. E. Jeffbrson City. LoTTRtDGE, p. 0., Athcns CO., Ohio: 69 m. S. E, Columbus. LoTiB, p. o., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : 35 m. W. Columbia, Lori-suuRQ, p. o., Northumberland co., Virg. : 55 m. E. N. E. Richmond. Lottsville, p. v., Warren co., P^kti, .* on Little Broken Straw cr.. which affords power for several mills here, 177 m. N. W. Harrisburg. LoonoN county, Virg. Situate N. E., and contains 473 sq. ra. Bounded N. E. by tho Potomac, and drained by its affluents. Goose, Kittootan, and other small creeks. Surface t>rnken by several ridges of mountains, and very uneven, with beautiful and fertile valleys; soil various, but mostly very productive. Wheat, corn, oats, and rye bring largo crojis, and are tho staples. Great numbers of cattle and shi'ep arc raised; beef and wool arc exported, and pork largely. It lias good water-power, and nurmTous fit)urish- ing manufactories, especially of flour and lumber. Farms 1,256; manuf. 130 ; dwell. 2.881, .ind pop.— wh. 14,031, fr. col. 1,857, si. 5,641— total 21,079. Capital: Leesburg. LOU LOU Loudon, t. and p. v., Merrimac co., y. Ilamp.: C m. N. E. Concord. Drained by Suncook r., which supplies it with fine water-power. Suncook r. rises from a pond in the E. Surface hilly ; soil on the Suncook fertile, and gen- erally adapted to grass. The v. is in tho S., and contains eeveral m.iis. Pop. of t, l,r(53. LouDOS, p. b., Franklin co., Peiui.: 57 m. \y. S. W. Harrisburg. Here are 2 charcoal forges, making Oil tons of burs per aniuim, and 2 in. distant is a charcoal furnace of SOO Ions annual c:ipaeily Loudon Centre, p. o., Merrimac co., iV. Hamp.: 10 m. N. E. Concord. Loudon IIidge, p. o., Merrimac co., JV. ITamp. : 11 m. N. N. E. Concord. LouDONTrLLE, p. V., Ashland co., 0?iw: on Black fork of "Walhonding r., 53 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Loudstille, p. v., Habersham co., Ga. : 126 m. N. by W. Milledgeville. It lies in the -heart of Iho gold region, and near the head of Chestatee river. Louisa county, la. Situate S. E., and contains 413 sq. m. Drained by Iowa r., its branches, Cedar r., and Long cr., and Muscatine Slough. Surface moderately uneven; su-U very ft-rtile, equally adapted to grass and grain. Corn, wheat, beef, and pork, are leading products. It has large streams, which afford abundance of water-power. The Iowa crosses the co. from N. W. to S. E., diagonally, and is navigable the whole length, and the E. line is formed by the Mississippi. Limestone, copper, and lead are found. Farms 3SS; manuf. IS; dwell. S42, and pop.— wh. 4,913, fr. col. 26— total 4,939. CapiUil: "Wapello. LoDisA county, Virg. Situate E. centrally, and contains 427 sq. m. Drained by N. and 9. Anna rivers, which firm the Pamunky, and flow int where exceeding 200 feet in elevation. The section north of the Iberville and Lake Poutchartralu and east of the Missis- sippi is of a similar description with the north-western region, and, like that, is principally covered with pine. The Slate presents but a limited geological field. It is divided Into the leading grades or divisions of tertiary, diluvial, and alluvial. The tertiary, occupying about two-fifths of the State, lies north of a waving line, commencing on the Sabine near the mouth of the Nechea, crossing Red River 20 miles north of Alexandria, and the Washita 10 miles north of Harris- burg. Its beds contain eoal (aluminous brown ooal), salt, iron, ochre, gypsum, and marls. The coal is inferior to that of Pittsburg, and could not compete with it in the market, but is worth developing for use in those portions of the Slate where the better coal would not bear the expense of transportation. It abounds in Sabine, Natchitoches, Caddo, and De Soto, and all the parishes Iheuce east to the Washita. Salt s|>rinL;s are conmion in Natchitoches and Rapides, and have been wrought in earlier times. A saline bed, it is thought, underlies the tertiary series generally. Iron is found in great quantities in all the tertiary parishes, and is well worth the attention of those who would develop the State's resources. Ochre, gypsum, and marls, loo, are found — the first in the native form, and the others co-extensive with the tertiary beds. The gj-psum is very fine, equal to any known to commerce, and the marls very rich in the regions where they will be most needed. About one-fifth of the whole surface is periodically overflowed by the waters of the Mississippi, and a. great portion of these inundated lands is rendt-red unfit for cultivation in its present state. This immense alluvial tract embraces soil of various descriptions, which may be arranged into four classes — the first, which is thought to be equal to Iwo-llnrds of liio whole, is covered with heavy timber, antl an almost impenetrable undergrowth of cane and other shrubbery. This portion is quickly drained as the river retires into its natural channels, and has a soil of the greatest fertility. The second class consists of cypress swamps: these are basins or depressions of the surface, from which there is no natural outlet, and which, being filled with water by the fl<;>ods, remain covered with it until carried off by evaporation or absorption; these, by draining, might become excellent rice lands. The third class embraces the sea marsh, a belt of land partially covered by eonmion tides, and subject to inundation from the high waters of the Gulf during the equinoctial gales; it Is generally without timber, and its soil is partially clayey, and, in part, as black as Ink, cracking by the heat of the sun into fissures wide enough to admit a man's arm. And the fourth clas^ consists of small bodies of prairie land dispersed in different parts or the alluvial territory. These spots are elevated anurg. The Mississippi, after luiving formed the boundary of tlic Slate for about 450 miles, enters its limits 350 miles from the sea, by tlic course of the river channel. 'I'hroughout this distance of 800 miles, its western bank is low, and flooded in high stages of the water. At the point where U enters the State, it throws o(T its first outlet, the Atchafalaya. and hero may be said to commence the delta of the river. The Atchafalaya, here called the Chafalio, receives the waters of the Mississippi only in flood, and the navigation is obstructed by collections of timber, often covered with mud and weeds, which choke uj) its channel. The Teche and Conrtableau are its principal tribut;iries. The Bayou Plaquemine. the next considerable outlet of the Mississippi, dit-cliarges the waters of iliat river into the Atchafalaya during tlie floods, and is Iho channel of trade between the country on the Atchafalaya and New Orleans. Lower down is the La Fourche outlet, which has high banks along its upper course, and admits vessels "f 4 or 5 feet draft nearly to its bead. On the left bank the Baj ou Manchac, a iiltle below Baton Ilouge, or the last liigldand passed in descending the Mississippi, is the first and prin- cipal outlet; after receiving the Kiver Amite from Mississipjii, it takes the name of Iberville River. It may here be re- marked tliat the term ** bayou," applied to arms of rivers in Louisiana, is generally confined to those that have no proper current, but are sometimes stagnant, and fiow sometimes in one direction, and sometimes in another, according to tho high or low stage of the waters — it appears to be a corruption of hoyau^ used in tho sense of the corresponding English sea-term " gut." The Red Kiver is the most important and, indeed, with the exception of two or three magnificent streams on the eaatera side above Baton Rouge, the only tril)utary of the Mississippi within this State ; for the surrounding country being lower than the river banks, its waters can not gain access to the bed. The Red River rises in the Rocky Mountains, and flowing eastwarUly along the n^rlh border of Texas, and into Arkansas, turns to tlie soulli, and passes into Louisiana. Soon after entering this Stale, its bed is choked up by an iumiense accumulation of fallen timber, called the " Rafl," and the water is dispersed into numerous channels, and spreail over wide expanses. The Rati extended formerly over a distance of 160 miles, but its length has been materially diminished, and, in fact, its complete removal is considered certain. Below Nachitoches the river divides into several arms, which again unite above Alexandria, and its waters leach the Mississippi just above the first outlet, after a course of 2,000 miles, of whieh l,5it0 miles is open to steam na^ igation. The Black Kiver, \\& principal tributary, is formed by llic junction of the Tensas, Washita, Catahoula or Little River, all consideralilo streams, and navigable l.iy steamboats; but most of the country along their courses is tiverflowed. The Bayou du Bou Dieu is also a large and navigable river, whlcli enters it above the Black. There arc numerous lakes in this section of the State, formew lagocms. The Sabine, which partakes of the character of the last described rivers, is, however, a considerable stream, rising farther to the north in Texas, and is a navigable river beyond the Louisiana boundary, but its mouth is ubstructed by a bar. From the north-eastern pine region, the Pearl, Tangipaod, Cliefunctii, and Iberville, large navigable rivens, flow into the lakes and passes which separate that region from the fluviatile district. The IberviUe, formed by the junction of the Amite from the norlli, and the Manchac from the west, enters the head of Lake Maurepas, ■which is from lu to 12 feet deep, and connected with Lake Ponlchartrain by the Pass Manchac. Lake Pontchartrain is about 4<) miles long, and 24 miles wide, with an average depth of 10 fathoms, but is shallow near the shores. Vessels drawing S feet of water can, however, go up to Madisonville and to the mouth of Bayou SL. John, in the rear of New Orleans; and not more than that draft can be carried through the passes or channels called the Rigolets and Chef Menleur, through which i.t comtnuai- cates with Lake Borgne. This last is, ]>roperly speaking, no lake, but the termination of Pascagoula Sound ; it approaches to widiin 15 miles of New Orleans, and brjals can go up the b.ayoux that empty into it to within a short distance of the city. It is of about the same average depth with Lake rontehartrain, but somewhat deeper along the shores. Louisiana is remarkably destitute of good harbors. Vessels drawing S feet of water can go up to Madisonville on Lake Pontchartrain, but the ()ther inlets on the coast are shallow. There is, however, a good roadstead on the west siile of Chandeleur Islands, called the Road of Naso, in which the hea\7 vessels of the English fleet lay during the expedition against New Orleans. Numerous sheets of water, improperly called lakes, he along the coast. Of Lake Borgne mention has already been made. Barataria, Vermillion, C6tc Blanche, Atchafalaya, and Simballier Bays, are shallow tide basins. In the interior, lakes L^AIIemandsand Chelimaches are large bodies of waters. Although Louisiana extends more than a pcdia of national economics. Louisiana is divided into two Districts ; the Eastern District h;is 21 parishes, and the Western District 20 parishes, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each in ISoO, were as follows : EASTERN LOUISIANA. Parishes. D^eii. Pop. I'zi J.',^;;;''- c»rit»i.. Parishes. Dwell. Pop. 'ZZl Sub' <=»>■■•»"■ Ascension.. . 755. ]0,"6-2..167,. 0. .DomaldsonviUc St. Bernard . . St. Charles. . . ...2S3. ....191. . 8,802. . 5,1'20. . 34.. . 70.. 0.. Terre Aux Boeufs Assumption. 926.. 10,.53'^..520.. 0.. Assumption 3..SL Charles C. II. E. Baton Rouge. 1,0+4.. 11,97'. .2ST.. 0. . Baton KonGE St. Helena... ....390 . 4,561. .273.. 9..Green8burg East Feliciana.. 712.. 13,593.. 301. . 49.. Jackson St. James ....591 .11,098. .145.. 6..Bringier3 Iberville.... .... 6.3S.. 12,214. .219.. Il1. .Iberville St. John J!aptist..530 . 7,317. .103.. 14.. Bonnet Carro Jefferson .... 3,825.. 26,091.. 81.. 54 .. La Fayette St. Taunnany ....786 . 6,804. . 90.. &3.. Covington La Fourche. 933.. 9,.533. 235.. 4. .Tliihodeauville Terre Bonne. ....6,M . 7,7'24. .224.. 4. .Houuia Livingston. . .... 480.. S,3b5..219.. SCSpringlleld Washington.. ....406 . 8,408. .260.. O..Fraiiklinton Orleans ....15,021.. 119,461.. 51. .621. .New Orleans W. Baton llo lge.392 . 6,270. .138.. 10. .Baton Kongo C.n. riaquemines 615.. 7,390. .205.. 0. .Fort Jackson W. Felieiana ....599 .13,245. .'iU.. 47..Sti'raucisville. I'oint Coupee... 7G0.. 11,339. .245.. 0. .Point Coupee ■WE,STERN LOUISIANA. P,,rislies- ^-'«- ?»p- ^".t;.: S^- <■«■"■»"■ Par.sli-s. Dwells. Pop, Farms iuc.ilt «™;; Cap,,,,, Avoyelles. . . .792. . . .9,.'326. . . .393. . . 5. . . .Marksrille La Fayette... . 6-30.. 6,7-20. ..4-U. .. O...VermUIionvme Bienville ... .671 5,,')39 271... 2. ...Mount Lebanon Madison . 448.. 3,773. ..218. ..2I...Kichrnoad Bossier .478. . . .6,902. . . .333. . . 0. . . .Belleview Morehause. . . . .372.. 3,918. ..260. ..4.. .Bastrop Caddo .742 8,8S4. . . .3(15. . . Shreveport Nachitoches . .1,*«.. 14,201. ..S43. ..9.. .Niichitncbea Calcasieu . . .,t4S.... 8,914.... 239... C... Marion Rapides .1,032.. 16,501. ..187. . .11.. .Alox.amlria CalJweU. .. .300.... 2,815.... 185... 1.... Columbia Sabine . 632.. . 4,515. ..523. .. 5... Manny Carroll .533.... 8,739.... 238... 10.... L. Providence SL Landry . . . .2,421.. .22,263. ..775. ..18.. .Opi'lini.Hns Catahoula.. .655. . . .0,982. . . .358. . . 3. . .. Harrisonburg St. Martin's.. . 940.. .11,107. ...4-30 .. O...St. M:irlin3viHe Claiborne. . .842. . . .7,471 . . . .15.54. . . 3. . . .Homer St. Mary's. . . . . 746.. . 8,808. ...193. .. 0.. .Franklin Concordia . . .219.... 7,758.... 148... O....Vidalia Tensas . 244.. . 9,040. ...105 .. G...St. Joseph's DeSoto.... .685.... 8,019.... 427... 9....Mansneld Union . 942 . . . 8,208. ...717 ..1.. .Farmei-sville Franklin . . . ..346. . . .3,261 . . . .28:!. . . 0. . . .Winnsborough Vermillion... . 406.. . 3,409. ...198 .. C.La Fayette Jackson ... .022.... 5,566.... 290... 6.... Vernon Waehita.... . 442. . 5,008. ...243 .. 4... Monroe The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 49.101 ; of families 54,112. and of inhabitants 611,974. viz.: whites 255,416— males 141,0,59, and females 114,357; free col. 17,537— males 7,.59fi, and females 9.939, and slaves 239,021 Of the whole population, there were deaf and dvmh—wb. 89, fr. eol. 5, si. .34— toUtl 12S ; ldlni!—\yh. 07, fr. col. 25, si. 126— total 21S ; ■i:isaiie—\\h. 150, fr. col. 15, si. 4:3— total 203 ; and iVKod'c— w h. 104, fr. col. 13, si. 36— total 173. The nunilier of free persons born in the United States was 305,921 ; the number of foreign birth 66..413, and of birth un- known 620. The native population originated as follows : Maine 816, N. llamp. 247, Verm. 383, Mass. 1,6-20, R. I. 2:39, Conn. 469. N. York 5.510, N. Jer. 49S, Penn. -2,493, Del. 117, Ind. 1,440, Dist. of Col. 156, Virg. 8,216, N. Car. 2,923, S. Car. 45S3, Ga. 6,917, Flor. 37-2, Ala. 7,.340, Miss. 10.91.3, Louisiana 14.'i,47f. Te.v. 864, Ark. 803, Tenn. 3,852, Ky. '3,963, Ohio, 1,473, Mich. OS, In.l. 414, 111. 401, Mo. 909, la. 38, Wise. 7, Calif. 1, Territories 1 ; and the foreign population w.as composed of persons from— England 3.5,50, Ireland 24,200, Scotland 1,196, Wales 48, Germany 17,507, France 11,.5.52, Spain 1,417, Porlug.al 157, Belgium 116, Holland 112, Turkey 4S, Italy 910, Austria 156, Switzerland 7-23, Russia 65, Denmar k288, Norway 01. Sweden 249, Prussia .380, Sardinia 9. Greece 33, China .33, Asia 17, Africa 90, Brit. America 499, Mexico 406, Cent. America 8, S. .\merica 15, West Indies 1,337, Sandwich Islands 1, and other countries 1,173. The following t.able will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : CnlnreJ Persnnfl. Census Wliile . . . 1310.... .... 84.311.... 7,.5S5 lS-20. . . . .... 7:3,:3S3.... ....10,960 1S:!0.... .... 89,331.... ....10,710 1^0.... 153,4.-)7 . . . .-25..502 1850.... ....256,416.... ....17,.5:37 Sl.ive. Tf.Iat. . 3-4,000 43,345.. . 69,004 170,034 . ,.109,.520.... ... 10,284,380 . 1827.... ... 11.728.997 . 1828.... ... 11,947,400 . 1829... . ... 12,386,000 . 18.30.... ... 16,48,8,092 . 1831.... ... 16,761,989 . 18;!2.... ... 16,5-30,930 . 1S33 18,941,373 . 1S:S4.... ... 2:3,759,607 . 18:35 36,270,823 Import?. ... $ .. 3,379,717 .. 3,817,233 . . 4.288,125 .. 4,5.39,769 . . 4,290,034 .. 4,167,.521 .. 4,531,045 . . 6,217,881 . . 6,857,209 . . 7,699,053 . . 9,766,693 . . 8,871,053 . . 9,590,605 .. 1.3,781,809 .. 17,519,814 Years. Eiporta. 18.30 87,179,823 1837 35..3SS,697 18.38 31,602,243 .. 18-39 33,184,167 .. 1840 34,2:30.936 .'. 1841 34,:587,483 ,, 1842. 1813. 1844. 28,404,149 27,:390,424 80,498,807 1815 27,1,57,405 1846... 1847... 1848... 1849 37,611,007 1S50 38,105,:350 81.27.5,704 . 47.051,6.33 . 40,971 ,;301 . Impnrt., .$1.5.117,649 . 14,020,012 . 9,496,803 . 12,804,942 10,073.190 10,2,50,-350 8,033,590 5,170,015 7,820,789 7,354,397 7,223,090 9,222,969 9,.380,489 10,060,697 10,760,499 Coasting and Hirer Trade.— The coasting trade of Louisiana is equally valuable wnth its foreign trade, and its trade with the interior is perhaps fully equal to both the foreign and coastwise trade together. These, however, will be fully examined under the head of ■' Xew Orleans," and hence, in this connection, the aggregates alone need be exhibited. The arrivals and clearances in the coasting trade for the year ending 30th June, 1351, were as follows: Uoretnents. ,. '»' Imner Vessels. Tons. Entnanees 2o5 93,608 Clearances 199 57,442 2d Quarter. Ve^.els. Tons, 303 .... 124,585 275 .... 70,7»9 :id Quarter. Vessels. Tons. 305 .... 125,0.32 424 .... 121,:362 $11,707,693 4,624 $27,228,912 The following will show the quantity and destination of some of the prmcipal staples of export in the year above quoted: Flour. Pork. B.iron, LarJ. Ports. t,bls. btilB. lil.Os. kegs. New York .72,584. .5.5,849. . 9,866. .209,,826. Boston 83,925. .77,800. . 6„580. .224,-3-33. Philadelphia 413. . 6,6:!8. . 2,763. . 41.045. Baltimore .. . — . .13,421. . 1,843. . 32.685. Charleston.. 6,175. . 1,003. 2,872. . 2,709. Otlier ports 150,900. .22,890. .19,972. . 40,040. Beef. Wlii>kj, blils. bbla. . .3,0.55. ..1,:3S1.. .160,723. .13,4.35:.. 2.242... 82,401. . 421... 263... 9,477. . 955... 1,542.,. — . . 119.. 11,514... 23,978. . 3,785.. 30,-383... 150,125. Cotbin. bales, ..62,393. . .82.540. Toliarco, bhJs. 10,087... ..1,594.. .14.867... 1,118. . 2„511... 745. 1. 291. Lliils. 13,595. . 7:8. .10.204. 3,070. 8,517. 12,363. bbls. . 665. . 27. . 867. , 2-37. 660. 6,193. Iil.ds. .509. . 9. .lis. .22.045 2,172 7.7:35 , 2,803 , 7,031 .24,573 The total quantities of the above specified articles exported to foreign and domestic ports, were as follows: 68:3,418. .192,737. .46,241. . .733,966, . .42,415. .67,392. . .535,:3,82. .997,453. .54,501. . .44,147. .8,644. . .636 . . 67,024 The receipts from the interior by the Mississippi River in the same year (1850-51) were valued at $100,924,08:3, and comprised jdl the various staples for which the several regions of production are noted, alike mineral, vegetable, and ani- mal ; and there is, besides the river trade, an immense traffic on the new canal. The total number of fiat-boats arriving at New Orleans during the year was 941, of which 218 were from Ohio, 58 from Kentucky, 293 from Indiana, 12 from Vir- ginia, 222 from Pennsylvania, 19 from Illinois, 104 from Tennessee, and 10 from Mississippi; and the whole number of steamboat arrivals was 2,918. Internal In}provemeni--i. — Hitherto Louisiana h,'is depended with confidence on the great natural facilities for inland communication the t^tate enjoys by means of the magnificent river and its dependencies which traverse its surface ; l)ut ■when it was discovered that the North had, by means of the Ilhnois Canal, constructed an artificial outlet for this great river into the lakes, this dream of security vanished, and the people interested in the commerce of the Gulf ports at once beset themselves to remedy the impending destnietion of a commerce unequaled in extent by but one other section of the Union, The magnificent lines of railroads from the '■ father of waters" to the Atlantic Ocean, were also diverting a vast amount of the legitimate trade which naturally concentrated at New Orleans. And all these changes in the aveimes of trade had been allowed to proceed, and with the exception of a few local railroads, Louisiana had not even extended her arms to arrest their influences. Awakened to a sense of duty, however, by the results of these new works — decreased receipts of produce, and decreased returning merchandise — no time was lost in premises, but the whole south-west met in convention at New Orleans, anil unanimously resolved to cope with the leviathans which were sapping the foundations of their commercial prosperity. The principal remedies proposed were the extension of the railroad from New Orleans and the Gulf ports to the north and north-east, and seek a new market in the west by building lines into Texas, Arkansas, etc. Tlie first would countervail the northern improvements, which had superseded the old river-course of trade, and by oflt-ring a more direct and rapid channel to the sea, recover the preference the deposit at New Orleans had formerly enjoyed. The improvement of the channel of the Mississippi below New Orleans, was also recommended, and will doubtlessly be undertaken by the general government at no distant period. The results of the convention have been an active enforce- ment ofite recommendations, and numerous lines of railroad are being laid out and constructed in the directions in ^ Evcrv free white male person 21 years of ago, two years a citizen of the TJniled Slates, or resident m the State for two consecutive years next preceding tlie election, and the last thereof in the parish in which lie proposes to vole, is allowed the rifllit of mffrage. Absence from the State for more than 90 consecutive days, unless his house or place of busmess be occupied bv his family or servants, interrupts the resi.lence of the absentee. The LeyUature consists of a Uouse of lieprescntatives and a Senate; representatives not less than 70, nor more than 100 in number (now 9T), and IG senators, being half the whole number of senators, are chosen every second year, on the first Jlonday in November, and convene at the cajntal every second year, on the third Monday in January. Eepresenta- tives nnist be free white males, 21 years of age, citizens of the United States, and residents of the State for the three years and residents of the parish for one ve.ir next preceding their election. A census will be taken in 1&.W, and eveo' ten years thereafter, which will fonn the biisis of apportionment; but every parish is entitled to at least one representative. Senators are chosen for four years. A senator must be 27 years of age, ten years a citizen of the United Stales, four years a resident of the Slate, and one ye.ar of the district he represents. Deducting the population of New Orleans from t ha of the Stale, the remainder, divided by 28, is the senatorial ratio for the districts. No session of the legislature shall last more than CO davs, and no act passed after being 60 days in session is valid. Members may address either bouse m the French or En..li^h languages, and the proceedings are published in both languages. Any one who fights a duel, acts as second, or sends or accepts a challenge, shall neither hold an office, nor enjoy the right of suffrage m the Slate. The Governor is chosen by a plurality of votes, and holds office for four years. He must be 35 years of age, and a citi- zen of the United Slates, and resident in the Stale for 15 years next preceding his election. The Lieutenant-governor ,9 elected for the same term, in the same manner, and must be similarly qualified. The governor ,s ineligible for the fo^ yean* succeeding his term. He may veto a bill, but two-thirds of both houses may pass it again, and it thus becomes law. The lieutenant-governor is •v^cfficio president of the Senate. , . j. , _, „„j t^ The principar adrninMrathe officers are the Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Surveyor-general, A:uUmay be issueJ to rcpiacjj uul-sl;uniin'^ b.-mls. No Slate (Il-IjI sIkiII he cmlracted for more than $]oti,(i(iii, cxt't.-pt in casL' of war, invasion, or iusurroclion. unUss aiithori/.f't Ity law fur some 0, amounted to $40,272 03, on which $10,lii5 S'4 of interest had accrued up to that dale ; and besides the proceeds of the school fund, the yearly sura of $250,000 is appropriated for the support of the free schools of the State, and is derived from a mill tax on property, and a poll lax of one dollar on each white male inhabitant. The whole number of school districts in the State on the 30th September, 1849, was 521 ; number of schoi'Is in operation, 7i>4 ; number of childrcu between G and IG years of age, 53,716 ; average attendance for the year, 22.927 ; and 20,202 children did not attend school. The average period of tuition was 6 months and 13 days. Amount expended for teachers' salaries, $195,359 ; expended for building, renting, and purchasing school-houses, :Jl;>4,089. 'I'here are also in almost every parish numerous private, classical, and other high schools. The principal collegiate institutions in the State are— the University of Louisiana at New Orleans, founded in 1S49, and established with 7 professors : it has also a medical department, which in 1S50 had 7 professors and ISS students; the Centenary College (Methodist), at Jackson, founded 1S:39— in 1S50 it had 7 professors, 40 alumni, 94 students, and a library of 5,00(1 volumes; the St. Charles College (Eoman Catholic), at Grand Coteau, founded ls:iS— in ISoO it had 21 jirofcssors and 103 students, with a, valuable library of about 4,000 volumes ; Baton Kouge College, founded 1S3S— in I8o0 it had 4 professors and 45 sludeot-s ; Franklin College, at Opelousas, founded 18:39— in 1S50 it had 4 professors and 70 students; and several others, among which are the Catholic Colleges at Baton Rouge and New Orleans, both of which are flourishing institutions. Libnuuas.— On-? State library. 7,000 volumes; 1 social library, 10,000 volumes; 4 college libraries, 13,000 volumes- being a tni.ll of G libraries and 30,000 volumes. The eensiLs makes no returns of students' libraries, the libraries of acade- mies imd professional schools, the lii>raries of scientific and historical societies, nor of school hbrarics, althougli there are nnmhers of each description in the State. Periodiail Prest*. — The whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in the Stale on the Isl June, 1S50, was 60, of wliich 17 were whig and 17 were democratic — the remaining 20 being neutral in politics or devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. Of the whole number 11 were issued daily, cirenlaling 31,78i) co|iie8 : 2 tri-weekly, 1.900 co])ies; 6 semi-weekly, 8,300 copies ; 40 weekly. 32,017 copies ; and 1 monthly, 12,200. Among the publications in New Orleans are many of the best conducted and most talented papers of the Union; and no other eily can boast of such, a m:ig.ii:inc of statistical informalion as Be Bow's Review. Pdupei^.-^m iivd Crime. — The whole number of paupers that received supi)ort within the year ending June 1st. 1 ^50, _ was 4*J3, of which 133 were native bom, and 290 foreign ; ami the whole number of paupers at the above date was 100, of which 76 native born, and 30 foreign annual cost of sui)i)ori, $39,S06. The State Penitentiary is at Baton Rouge. The number of convicls remaining in confinement, 1st October, 1S4S, was 152, and the number received during the year fol- lowing was 105 — male, 257; 52 discharged, 2 pardoned, 7 died, and 2 escaped— in all 03, leaving, 1st October, ISO, 191. The receipts for the year were $49,2S3 74; and the expenditures, $42,62S 09— making a net gain from convict labor equal to $6,655 05 Historical SkHch. — The legends of Do Soto. Marquette, and La Salle, shall not arrest our attention. These wild and daring paa-sages belong rather to the romancer than to the historian. Louis XI Y. seized upon the proposal of Iberville, and addressed himself in earn-at to a new and vast country, which d:izzleil his ambition. Iberville, and Bienville, his brother, founded a colony of Frenchmen on the shores of Louisiana in 1G99. This is the earliest era in the history of Louisiana. In 1712 the King of Franee^gr-inted a charier to M. Crozat, which covere.l the whole province. The aims of both parties were commercial, and included the whole of the Mississippi and its tributary bays, lakes, rivers, and bordering territories. M. Crozat was endowed for twenty years with exclusive privileges of trade in these countries— to worfc mines for gold and precious stones, with a large share of the results. The laws, edicts, and ordinances of the realm, and the customs of Paris were extended over Louisiana. The privileges allowed to Crozat were ample; l^ut so vain are the calculations of men when employed upon novel enterprises, they satisfleU not one of his greedy desires after weallh in the C S 401 LOUISIANA. Western World. The jjrant was surrendered, nfter five years, into the hands of the king, with the bitter complaint that from tlie imliecility of the colony, the strcn;LCth of the Indians, the presence of the Brilbh, and the sterility of the soil, it had proved of no kind of value whatever to him, but rather a ruinous expense. There settled in Paris about this time a man from Scotland by the name of John Law ; he was a restless projector, a daring flnaneicr, and lull of enterprise. This extraordinary man soon succeeded in gaining an influence over (he Duke of Orleans, then regent, obtained a charter for a bank of $1,200,000, substituted paper for specie, and set the whr)le French nation mad with magnificent schemes of creating wealth, as it were, by the wand of a magician. The Chancellor D'Aguesseau opposed this daring scheme with infinite peril to himself. To the Royal Bank of Law was attached a great commercial company, in which were to be coucentred all the rights, privileges, and possessions of all Ute trading compa- nies then chartered in France. To this company was granted the great territory of Louisiana as it was surrendered up by Crozat. All France was in commotion — every man, woman, and child became a financier: the boot-black and collier of to-day were the grandees of to-morrow, and their splendid equipages dazzled the bewildered populace. The lioyal Bank stock went up to six hundred limes its par value, and dividends were renossession of the country, and that any show of resistance would be signally punished. The in habitants returned a declaration to the Spaniard. crs of British troops from Canada. The plot was discovered, Biount degraded by the Senate, and the English Government exonerated from the charge of any knowledge of the proceedings. The eyes of Spain were not closed to the difficulties of her position. Bonaparte had by this time assumed the reins of government, and he cherished the idea of bringing back to the parent country a province lie conceived had In-en vmnaturaliy severed froWi her. Ills sophisms soon prevailed over Spain ; he represented " that Louisiana, restored to France, would be a bulwark for Mexico, and a security for the tranquillity of the Gulf.'' On the 1st October, ISOO, was concluded the celebrated treaty of San lldefonso, and Louisiana again became a French colony. Eonaparte took immediate steps to enter upon his new possession. Gen. Victor was appointed Commissioner for" accept- ing the transfer, and proclamations announcing the changed circumstances of the colony were issued. The Louisiauians prepared an address in reply, in which they declared that the proclamations had filled the people with joy, and that they already felt the happiness of their reunion with their .nncient nationality. Every thing, indeed, seemed favoralile for the re-establishment of the French goveniment in tlie province— and all was r.joicing and congratulation, when a vessel arrived at the lcv6e from Bordeaux, and the news soon spread that the Corsican had sold their country and themselves to the neighboring republic. The treaty of Paris, signed llith April, ISO!*, had ceded Louisiana and all its ;i])purtenances for- ever lo the United Slates ; and the United States had agreed to pay 00,000,000 francs to discharge certain claims of their citizens on France. The difficulties which immediately followed the acquisition were perplexing: and even in the United Stales many there were who viewed the treaty as unconstituli are tlie Louisville and Lexington R. K., which at Lexinglt'ii connects with railroads lo the Gulf and Southern Atlantic ports, the Louisville and Covington K. 11., which at the latter place meets tlie railroads of Ohio and tliose j)oinling to Boston, New T*)rk, Philadelphia, Baltimore, litchmond, etc., and the Louisville and Nashville B. li., pointing to the South, and the JefTersonville B. E. gives it access to the N. ami N. W.. via Indianapolis. A company lias also been organb,ed for the purpose of bridging the Ohio at Louisville. Hitherto the railroads have had comparatively little influence on its trade; their benefits are in the future. Louisville was laid out as early as 177-3, but no settlement was made for the subsequent five years, nor until after the expulsion of the British from their posts on the Wabash. The first block house was built in 1778, but this was subse- quently removed lo make way for Fort Nelson, erected in lT-'2. In 17S0 the town was established by an act of the Legislature of Virginia. At this period the inhabitants numbcTed only thirty. In IStlO the population amounted to 6ni): inlSlOtol.300; in 1S20 to 4,000 ; in 1S30 to 10,341; in 1S40 to 21,210 ; and in ISoO to 43.19G. The city is built on a spacious sloping plane 70 feet above low Avator mark, and is laid out with regularity, the streets int.rsectini: at right angles, in a direction with and from the riv-r.on whicli are extensive wharves. Ten streets run p.^^a^eI with the river, and thirty streets intersect them. It cunlains the County Court-house and a City Hall, both ex- tensive and handsome eilifiees, the county jail, the city prison, a marine hospital, and numerous br nevolent institu- tions, the Tnivcrsify of Louisville, a School of Medicine, and a Law School, departments of the University, and two banks and one branch bank, two savin<;s banks, several insurance companies, etc. It is liberally supplied with churches and schools, some of the cliurch buildings being fine specimens of arch il^' dure. Louisville may prouIic hos- pital, and many other lilierally supported establishments, designed to relieve the unfortunate of the city. The streets are lighted with gas, and it is supplied witli excellent water: both accommodations by companies. Its hotels are spa- cious and fitted with every convenience, and its markets abound in all esculent products, for which the vicinity is famed. Among the literary and scientific institutions of the city the most prominent are the Mercantile Library Assnci.ation. the Kentucky Historical Society, the Agricul- tural and Horticultural Society, etc. The whole number of church buildings is 4G, capable of accommodating 19.610 persons, and valued as properly at $590,900. Of these 5 are Baptist, .3 Kpiscopal, 17 Methodist, 5 Presljyterian, 4 German ]-:vangelical, 1 German Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 2 Disciples, 1 Unitarian, 4 Roman Catholic, and 2 Jewish. The public press of Louisville is conducted with great tiilcnt, and several of the papers are rich in statistical Information. The daily papers are the " Democrat" (dcm.), ''Journal" (dcm.), the "Advertiser" (ncut.), the "Courier" (whig), the "Journal of Commerce" (whig), and the "Bco- bachter am Ohio" (Germ.), and of these the Democrat and the Journal have tri-weekly and weekly editions, the Adver- tiser and Beobachter semi-weekly and weekly editions, and the Courier and Journal ol Commerce weekly editions. The weekly papers, others than those above named, are the "■Presbyterian Herald" and the "B.aptist Banner" (relig.), and the "Indian Advocate," and the monthly periodicals are the "Baptist Review" (relig.), the " Ciceronian Maga- zine" (liter.), the "Mciiical Journal" (med.), and the "Examiner," devoted to liie cause of negro emancipation. The papers having the largest circulation are the Democrat, Journal, and Courier. The manufactures of Louisville are very extensive, and embrace a great variety itf objects. It has several founde- ries and machine-shoi)S, at whicli a vast amount of ma- chinery, etc., Is annually turned out; several large steam bagging factories and ropewalks, cotton and woolen facto- ries, tobacco factories, flouring mills, distilleries, breweries, agricultural implement factories, and numerous other estab- lishments, small and large, which in the aggregate con- stitute a vast industry. Louisville is also extensively engaged in ship-building, and in the year ending .30th June, ISoO, no less than Zi steamers, of G,4G0 tons, were built in the district. The shipping owned at the period specified amount- ed to 14,820 tons, all navigated by steam and employed in the river trade. As a commercial and shipping point, Louisville is the third in importance on the (>liio. Its immediate trade ex- tends into all the surrounding country, and embraces, within the State of Kentucky, a circuit of the most pro- ductive region in the world. Its wharves are at all times thronged by steamboats and other river craft, carrying to and fro a merchandise in amount infi^rior only to that com- ing to and going from Cincinnati and Pittsburg. The value of its commerce has been estimated at $70,000,000 per an- num. Its exjjorts consist chiefly of tobacco, bagging, rope and cordage, s|)irits. pork, fiax and hemp, live-stock, ma- chinery for steamboats and railroads, factories, mills, and farms, and a great amount of groceries and assorted goods, which are carried to every river-town, or to the sea-board fi.tr exportation ; and its exports comprise ever>' article and product needed in its interior commercial range. In tho year ls")0 its chief imports were as follows: Sugar, 1-3,320 hhds., 9,200 bis., an^57 Iiales ; cheese, 20,37S boxes ; flour, 75,350 bis. ; whisky, o9.s97 bis. ; liquors and wines, 5,9SS casks ; nails, 45.261 kegs ; tobacco, 7,425 hhds. and 6,530 boxes ; salt — Kanawha, 112,250 bis.; Turks Island, 40,525 bags; and Liverpool, 10,350 bags; merchandise, 105,750 boxes, bales, and pkgs. ; drugs, dyes, etc., 14,37S pkgs.; hides, 1S,S91 dozen; mer- chandise. 5.132 crates and casks ; hogs for slaughter, 197,750 ; pork, 75.500 bis., etc. In addition to this quantity of pork, there are annually received thousands of tons of bacon by wagon, etc., which is packed in this city in casks, ami largely exported. The detail of the exports can not well be ascer- tained, as no record whatever has been kepi of Ihem ; but some estimate may be formed as to their amount from the foregoing. Steam-packets, carrying the mail and passen- gers, come and go several limes daily. It is estimated that at least 10 steamboats leave the port daily, and also from 6 to 7 packets. The following statistical information is from Mr. Casse- day's History of Louisville: "Louisville contains 25 exclu- sively wholesale dry goods houses, whoso sales are made only to dealers, and whoso market reaches from Northern Louisiana to Northern Kentucky, and embraces .i large part of the States of Kentucky, Indiana. Tennessee, Alabama, Illinois, Mississippi, and Arkans;is. The aggregate amount of annual sales by these houses is ?5,S53,oao, or an averagd 405 LOU LOW of $234,000 to each house. The sales of three of the largest of these houses aniount in the aggregate to $1,789,000. Nei- ther this statement nor those which follow include ^y auc- tion sales. In boots and shoes, the sales of eight houses of the above description reach $1,1S4,000, or $1S4,000 to each house. The sales of the three largest houses iu this business reach $630,000. The aggregate amount of eight houses in drugs, clc. is $1,123,000, or $140,375 to each house ; and the Bales of the three largest houses amount to $753,000. The sales of hardware by nine houses amount annually to $590,000, being an average of $65,555 to each house. The sales of saddlery reach $930,000, of which nearly onc-lialf is of domestic manufacture. The sales of hats and caps, necessarily including sales at retail, amount to $6S3,000. The sales of queens-ware, less reliably taken, reach $265,000. There are thirty-nine wholesale grocery houses, whose ag- gregate sales reach $10,623,400, which gives an average of $272,400 each." Tlie amount of imports, before given, will perhaps afford a better idea of lliis business than these figures, and hence are referred lo. The following recapitu- latory table will enable the reader to see at a glance all that has just been stated : Description of Number Buaniess. of Huiiaes. A^^renate Annual Av*>raf;r> Srilc't Sales. ofeatli House. Groceries 39 $10,623,400 $272,400 Dry Goods 25 5.853,000 234.000 Boots and Shoes . . 8 1 ,1 &4,000 145,000 Drugs S 1,123,000 140,375 Hardware 9 590,000 65,555 Queens-ware .... 6 265,000 44,166 Hals,Caps,F's,etc. S 683,000 S5,375 Total . . . 103 . $20,321,400 $197,395 Louisville was named by the Virginia Legislature after Louis XVI. of France, in commemoration of his alliance with tiie great Kepublic of the West, then just rising from its i)robationary condition of colonial dependence. Louisville, p. v., and cap. "Winston co., 3/i.sw. .* S2 m. N. E. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, 3 academies, several large stores, and 400 inhabitants. The " L. Tele- graph" is published weekly. Lo^Is^^LLE, p. o., Lincoln CO., M>. : 64 m. N. E. Jeffer- son City. Louisville, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. : on the St Lawrence, 169 m. N. N. W. Albany. Drained by Grasse river. Surface unduhiting; soil fertile loam, lying upon limestone. Agriculture is the leading interest. The v. lies on Grasse r., and contains a bank and several stores. Pop. of t 2,054. Louisville, p. v., Stark co., Ohio : 104 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. It is on the Ohio and Pennsylvania E. E., 12 m. from Alliance. LonsviLLE, sta.. Licking co., Ohio: on the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark K, K., 7 ra. from Newark. Louisville, p. v., IJlount co., Teim.: on the S. or left bank of Tennessee r., 154 m. E. by S. Nashville. LoinsvTLLE Landing, p. v., SL Lawrence c^.. A"! Y. : on the bank of St. Lawrence r., 172 m. N. N. W. Albany. LouTRE Island, p. o., Montgomery co., Jfo. : near the entrance of Loutre r. into the Missouri, 41 m. E. by N. Jef- ferson City. Lovelace, p. o., 'SN'^Ukes co., 2T. Car. : 1C2 m. "W. by N. Ealeigh. LovELACEViLLE, p. 0., Ballard co., Ky. : 242 m. W. S. "W". Frankfort. LovELADT, p. 0., Caldwell co., N. Car. : 15S m. "\V. by N. Ealeigh. LovELAND, p. c, Clinton co., Penn. : S2 m. N. "W. by N- Ilarrisburg. LovELAND, p. V. and sta., Clermont county, Ohio: 82 m. 6. W. by W. Columbus. Tiio sta. is 27 m. from Cincinnati, by the I-itlle Miami It. R.. and from this point the Cincinnati, Hillsboro'. and Parkersburg E. R. diverges. 406 LoTELiA, p. v., Monroe co., la. : 11 m. "W. S. W. Iowa City. LovELL, t and p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 07 m. "W. S. "W. Augusta. It contains a large, and many small ponds, send- ing out branches of Saco r., on one of which is a curious fall, of 40 feet perpendicular descent. Soil very fertile, and water-power and timber abundant. Pop. 1.106. Lovely Mount p. o., Montgomery co., Virg.: near New river, 167 ra. W. by S. Eichmond. Love's Mills, p. o., "Washington county, Virg.: 235 miles "W. by S. Eichmond. Love's, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : on the Baltimore and Susquehanna E. E., 20 m. N. of Baltimore. LovETTsviLLE p. V., Loudon county, Mrg. : 114 miles N. Eichmond. LovETTs, p. 0., Adams county, Ohio: 78 miles S. by "W. Columbus. LovEviLLE, p. v.. New Castle co., JOel. : S9 m. N. Dover. LovisGSTON, p. v., and cap. Nelson count)-. Virg.: 76 m. "W. by N. Eichmond, It contains a court-house, jaU, and several stores. LoviNGTON, p. v., Moultrie co., Ill : 46 m. E. Springfield. Lowell, p. o., Eandolph co., Ga. : on Patoula cr. near its entrance into Chattahoochee river, 149 miles S. "W. Milledgeville. Lowell, p. v., Henry co., la. : on the left bank of Skunk river, 57 m. S. Iowa City. Lowell, p. o., Johnson co., A\ Car. : 26 m. S. E. Ealeigh. Lowell, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 91 m. N. E. Augusta. A large pond lies on the N., and Passadumkeag river flows through the S. into the Penobscot, turning sev- eral lumber-mills. Lumbering is tlie principal occupation. Pop. 37S. Lowell, t., p. city, and one of the caps. Middlesex co., Mass. : 24 m. N. "W. Boston. Drained by Concord r., which falls into the Merrimac in the N. E. part of the town. Low- ell was taken from Chelmsford in 1S2G, and embraces also some ten'itory and the v. of Belvidere, E. of Concord r., formerly belonging to Tewksbury. Tlie city lies at the con- fluence of the Concord, in lat. 42"^ 3&' 46" N., and long. 71=^ 19' 02" W. It is this city which, from tlie amount, va- riety, and character of its manufactures, has been appro- priately designated the "Manchester of America." Few other places in the Union have sustained so rapid a growth. In 1S20 scarely 200 inhabitants were found within»its limits, nor was it until 1821 that the site was chosen whereon to establish a manufacturing community. In the next suc- ceeding year the Merrimac Manufacturing Company, with a capital of $1,500,000, was established, and their first mill went into operation in 1S23. From these small beginnings the city has risen to its present eminence and world-wide celebrity. In thirty years what a change ! In 1S50 it had ten manufacturing companies making cot- ton or woolen goods, and two other companies — one bleach- ing and the other owning the machine shop, and the aggregate condition of the establishments of each at that period was as follows : P„_ When Compnny Nn. No. of No, nf HnnJs Emp. ^.ompaniei. c..m\!. C.npital. Mills. Spiml's. Looms. M. F. Mcr.Manf. Co. 1S23 $2,500,000 6 69,440 2,108 645 1,014 Ham. Maf. Co. 1S25 1,200,000 4 8S,416 1,124 825 840 Appleton Co. 1S2S 600,000 2 17,920 600 120 400 Low. Manf.Co.lS2S 1,500,000 3 11.3G2 154 225 550 Middlesex Co. 1S32 1,000,000 4 16,340 403 575 730 Suf. Manf. Co. 1S32 600,000 3 17.523 590 100 400 Tremont Mills 15-32 600,000 2 J4560 557 100 400 Law. Manf. Co. 1S33 1,500,000 5 44,800 1,3S3 200 1,200 Low. Bleaeh'y ls.32 262,400 - _ — 200 20 BoottCot.Mill3ls3C 1,200,000 5 49,434 1,432 202 870 Mass.CoLMillslS40 1,SOO,000 6 45.720 1,556 250 1,250 Low. Mach.Sh. 1S45 600,000 - — — 700 — Total $13,302,400 40 325,520 9,900 3,702 8,274 LOW LOW In Ihe ton cotlon and woolen establishments, consisting of 1. .riy mills, the weekly consumption of cotton was 705,4011 noimJs and of wool 09,000 pounds; and the number of vardsof fabric produced was 2,135,477, of which 1,190,000 v,rds were cotton, 20.477 woolen, 16.000 carpeting, and 40 ru-'s In the dyeing and bleach works the goods finished pcT week amomited to 9,SS9,000 yards. In tliese raanufac- lurcs llie consumption of coal was annually 2S,520 tons, of charcoal S4,993 bushels, of wood 2,270 cords, of oil 10i,5i i g illuns of starch 1,390,000 pounds, and of Hour 1,(140 bar- rels The whole of these establishments are warmed by steam and lighted with gas. The average wages of fem-tles, clear of board, is $2 per week, and the average wages of men, clear of board, 80 cents a day. Medium produce of a loom, No. 14 yarn.'is 45 yards a day, and of No. SO yarn, S3 yards-average per spindle, U yard a day. The Middlesex Companv also own the Waracset Carpet Mill on Concord Kiver, where are consumed annually 93,000 pounds coarse wool and 30,400 pounds of worsted yam, pro.lucing annu- ally 91,000 yards of ingrain carpeting. Other manufactures are produced in the city than those specified above, of a value of $1,500,000, employing a capital of $400,000, and about 1,500 hands, and embracing several dlBerent handi- cralls-powder-mills, paper-mills, batting-mills, a foun.lery, a j.lanin^'-mUl, etc., owned by in.lividuals. The Lowell Machine Shop, included among the establishments noted in the lable, can furnish machinery couiplele for a mill ol 6,000 spindles in three mouths, and a niill can be built in the same time. , , t , The association called " The Proprielors of the Locks and Canals on the Merrimac Eiver," are the principal owners of the water-power at Lowell. This company was organ- ized 1792. for the construction of a canal from the head of Pawtucket Falls, in Merrimac Kiver, to Concord Eiver, and open a passage for boats and rafts. This canal is 1} m. long, 00 feet wide, and or S deep, and is stiU used to some extent for its original puqjose ; but the company's revenue chiellv consists of rents for supplying water-power to the several mills. In 1S47 this canal was found to he insuffl- clenl for the increasing wants of the community, and the company constructed a new canal of greater capacity: this b a mile long, and 100 feet wide, and 15 feet deep, and for eolidity of workmanship and completeness in its arrange- ments, is unsurpassed by any like work In the Union. The facilities thus created have been the means of building up the important manufactures which distinguish the place, and place it so far ahead of all other manufacturing centres. Lowell, as a city, is regul.arly planned, and has many im- portant public buildings'and institutions. The Court-house, City Hall, Market-house, Hospital, Mechanics' Hall, etc., are edifices worthy the greatness of the place. The Me- chanics' Hall was erected by an association of mechanics in Ivlo, and is a splendid building, with philosopliical ap- paratus and a mineralogical museum, and lectures on sci- cnliflc and literary subjects are delivered in it at slated periods. The library, containing about 7,000 volumes, is open to all at a charge of 50 cents a year. The Hospital was erected in 1S39 by the several companies, for the con- venience and comfort of persons employed by them re- spcetivciy when sick, and is under the superintendence of an able surgeon and physician. Among the institutions of Lowell, perhaps none speak more louiily of a moral community tlniii its two savings in- stitutions— the Lowell and the City. The Lowell had on deposit the first Saturday of November, lS.)ii, from 4,009 depositors $7S6,6-M 12 ; and the City, from 015 depositors J75,970 51. The operatives in the mills are the principal depositors in these institutions. For business purposes Lowell has four banks. The churches of the city are many of them neat and sub- 6lantial edifices, and ate twenty-tliree in number, including eeclnries of every denomination. These are wcU attended by the young people employed in the mills. Schools are also amply provided for. The appropriation for tlio pur- poses of education in 1S50 was $48,000, which goes toward the support of the City High School, 10 grammar scliooU. and 40 primary schools. The total expenditure of the city in the same year was $178,014. The public press of Lowell consists of one daily, two tri-weekly, three weeklies, and two monthly publications. The daily is the "L. Journal" (whig), which has also a weekly edition ; the tri-weeklies are the ■' L. Advertiser" (whig), and "L. American" (dem.), the latter of which issues also a weekly edition; the weeklies are the "Palriot and liepubliean" (.1cm.), the "Vox I'op- uli," and the " Business Directory ;" and the monthlies, the "New England Ofi'ering," and the "Insurance liilelli- gencer." The " Oficring" was originally written and edited by the ladies attached to the factories, and w,is one of the best edited periodicals of the State, reflecting credit alike on the fair editors themselves .nnd the institutions which could furnish education snfliciently extended to fit them for such occupations. A reservoir of great capacity has been built on the high ground in Belvidere, e.ast of "the city, for the purpose of 'furnishing a ready supply of water to any part of tho city in cases of fire. The water is convoyed into the reservoir by force-pumps from the Lowell Machine Shop. Pipes are l;Ud from the reservoir to various parts of the city, at which points hose can be attached to the hydrants without delay, when necessary. Tlie railroads diverging from Lowell are the Salom and Lowell E. E., the Boston and Lowell E. E., the Nashua and Lowell E. E., and the Lowell and Lawrence E. K.; and these connect it with the se.a-board and interior, and make it a great centre of transportation and local trade. The population of Lowell in ls30, was C,474; in 1S40, 20 796, and in 1S50, .33,383, being an increase from 1S30 to 1S40 of 221.22 per cent., and from 1S40 to ISbO, 00.52 per cenl. The present (1853) populati.m can not bo less than ■'0,000. „ ,, , „ LowELl, t. and p. o.. Dodge CO., Wlw. : 33 m. N. E. by E. Madison. Draiiie.l by Beaver dam (or Crawfish) r., the \V. branch of Eock r. and its branches. Soil superior for grass growing. Pop. 8;i4. Lowell, p. o., Oneida CO., K Y. LowTSLL, p. v., 'W.ishington co., Ohio: on tho left bank of Muskingnm r., 8:3 m. E. by S. Columbus. Lowell, t. and p. o., Orleans co., Verm. : 3S m. N. by E. Montpelier. Mississippi r. rises in the S., and furnishes water-power. Surface somewhat rugged, but soil mostly fertile and productive. Pop. 037. Lowell, p. v.. La Salle county. III. : on the W. side of Vermillion r., 109 m. N. by E. Springfield. Here are con- siderable falls in the river, .and extensive mills. LowELLTiLLE. p. v., Mahoniug CO., Ohio : on the left bank of Mahoning r., 145 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Lower Baktlett, p. v., Coos CO., K Ilamp. : on Saoo r., 01 ra. N. N. E. Concord. Lower Bern, p. o., Berks CO., Penn, : 43 m. E. by N. Ilarrislntrg. Lower CnAXCEPOEn, t. and p. o., York co., Pcnn. : 38 m. S. E Uarrisburg. Susquehanna r. bounds it E., and .Muddy cr., which furnishes good water-power, on the S. and W. Surface varied, and soil very productive. The Tidewater Canal passes through it along the Susquehanna. Lower Columuia, p. a, Coos co., N. Uamp. : 100 m. N. bv W. Concord. L.jwer Gilmanton, p. 0., Belkn.ap co., ^l !/"mp- ■ IS in- N. E. Concord. Lower Lawresce, p. v., Washington co., O/no: 92 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Lower Maiiantango, t. and p. o., Schuylkill county, Penn.: 29 m. N. E. Uarrisburg. Drained by Deep and Swatara creeks, on which are Large saw-mills. Surface mountainous; soil in the vaUcys very fertile. Anthracite 40: LOW LUC coal is largely found and conveyed east and west by rail- roads. Lower MARLDORorcn, p. v., Calvert co., Md. : on the E. side of Paluxenl r., 24 m. S. S. "W. Annapolis. LowEE Meiuon, t and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : on the W. side of the Schuylkill, S6 m. E. by S. llnrrisburg. Drained by Mill and Cobb's creeks, and well supplied with water-puwer. Surface moderately uneven, and soU a highly cultivated loam. It is extensively engaged in manufacturing cotton and woolen goods, paper, etc. The Columbia and Philadelphia It. E. and Philadelphia and Iteading E. E. pass through it. Lower Newport, p. v., Washington co., Ohio: on the Oliio r., 9G m. E. S. E. Columbus, Lower Peacu Tree, p. v., Wilcox co., Ala. : on right bank of Alabama r., 76 m. W. S. W. Montgomery. Here is a good landing, several stores, and 2M0 inliabitants. Lower Salem, p. v., Washington county, Ohio : 66 m. E. by S. Coiumbus. Lower Saucox, t. and p. o., Northampton co., Penn. : on the S. side of Lehigh r., S3 m. E. by N. Uarrl^burg. Drain- ed by Saucon cr., and well fiirnislied with mill privileges. Surface hilly, and soil adapted to grass or grain. Two bridges cross the Lehigh, along which the Lehigh Naviga- tion Canal passes. Lower Squaskiim, p. v., Monmouth co., JVI Jer,: 34 m. E. S. E. Trenton. Lower Three Euns, p. o., Barnwell dist, S. Car. : on a branch of Savannah r., GG m. S. S. W. Columbia. Lower WAXERFonn, p. v., Caledonia co., Verm. : near the Connecticut r., S3 m. E. by N. Montpelter. LowERY,p. o., Barnwell dist., .S'. Car,: S. W. Columbia. LowEviLLE, p. o., Meriwether county, Gn. : 97 m. W. Milledgeville. Low Hamptok, p. v., Washington co., y. Y. : 51 m. N. N. E. Albany. It is near the Rutland and Washington Kail road. LowniLL, t. and p. o., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam and mostly productive. It has considerable trade in lumber, and several small manufactories. Lowndes county, Ala. Situate S. centrally, and contains 8C9 sq. m. Drained by Pintala, Big Swamp, and Mask creeks, affluents of the Alabama, which is its N. boundary. Sm-face rolling or gently uneven ; soil of average fertility. Cotton and com are the leading crops. Swine are fed in great numbers, and the export of pork is very large. It has several mill streams, and a good growth of pine forest. Farms R74; manuf. 2; dwell. 1,354, and pop. — wh. 7,25S, fr. col. 8, si. 14,649— total 21.915. Capital: Ilaynesville. Piiblic Works: Montgomery and Mobile Eailroad (i>ro- jected). Lowndes county, Ga. Situate S., and contains about 1,650 sq. m. Drained by Allaijahaw r., its E. bounilary, Withlacoochee, LitUe, and New rivers, all branches of the Suwanec, which flows into the Gulf. Surface level or undu- lating; sod various— in parts very fertile, in parts sandy bar- rens. It is generally well wooded, and has some excellent timber near the rivers. Cotton, com, buckwheat, and pot-atocs produce largely, but the great business is raising cattle and swine. Live-stock, beef, butter, and pork are the exports. It is on the S. line, and the State boundary is in dispute with Florida. Farms 649; manuf. 2; dwell. 932, and pop.— wh. 5,845, fr. col. 22, si. 2,4S4r— total S,351._Ca;)i- tal: Troupsvillc. PuUic Works: Brunswick and Florida E. E. and Albany Branch E. E. Lowndes county, Misn. Situate N. E.. and contains 539 sq. m. Drained by Little Tombigbce r. and its numerous branches. Surface undvdating, and somewhat uneven ; soil very fertile. Cotton is the great staple, and it is one of the largest cot ton -growing counties in the State. Corn yields a good crop, and some parts grow wheat. II has fine water- power and extensive and rapidly increasing manufactures. 403 Lying at the head 4if navigation on the Tumbigbec, it haa easy access to market, and is the ovillet for a largo district. Farms 725; manuf. 63; dwell. 1,168, and pop.— wIl 6,523, fr. col. 2S, 8l. 12,993— totid 19;541. Capital : Columbus. Lownues, p. o., Wayne county, Mo.: 137 ni. S. E. Jefferson City. LowNnESBOROCGH, p. 0., Lowudcs coxmiy.^Alit.: IS m. W. by S. Montgomery. LowND>sviLLE, p. o., Abbcville dist., S. Car. : about 5 m. E. of Savannah r., 94 m. W. by N. Columbia. Low I'oiNT, p. v., Woodford co., lU. : 71 m. X. by E. Springfield. Low Point, sta.. Duchess co., JV". Y. : on the left bank of the Hudson, 11 m. S. of Poughkeepsie by the Hudson Uiver E. E. Here is a ferry to Newburg on the W. side, and a convenient landing for vessels and steamboats, with "several large warehouses. Lowr.ANCE's Mill. p. o., Lincoln co., 21. Car. : 113 m. W. by S. Ealeigh. LowKT, p. o., Athens co., OMg: 81 m. S. E. by E. Columbus. LowHY's Crossing, sta., Bedford co., Vifff-' ^9 m. W. of Lynchburg, on the Virginia anital. Farms 59S; manuf. 0; dwell. l,;!.sl, and pop.— wh. 7,9;)3, fr. col. 22, 8l. 939— total S,9o4. Oipitnl : Dalilitncga. LuMi'KiN, p. v.. anil cap. Stewart county, G'l. : \2Z m, S. W. by "W. Milk-dgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, a dozen stores, and 300 inhabitants. Lumpkin's, sta., Burke co., O".: on the Augusta and Waynesboro' R. R.. 41 ni. from Augusta. Li:.\ENiiCT.G county. Vinj. Situate S. E., ;tnd c->n1ains 40S sq. ra. It has XottP 27' 51" N., and long. 70O 67' 25" V,'. It contains 15 churches, 10 school-houses, an academy. 2 banks, a savings institution, 2 insurance offices, and several literary, scienlilie, and benev- olent insUIutions. Two newspapers, the " L. News (whig), and the " Bay State" (dem), are issued weekly. It is eele- brate.l for lis manufaclure of ladies' shoes, and its extensive e,.d and mackerel fisheries. The shoo business is the life of L> nn. Only womens', misses', and childrens' shoes are made h.re. Engaged in thU business, there are of manu- faeUirers, or men who " carry on the business," S9 ; of cul- lers or men who "cut out" the shoes, 175; of men and bovi employed in " making" shoes, 2,45S; of men and boys so'enipl.>yed, but living out of the town, about 900; of women and girls employed in "binding" shoes, 4,925; of the same so employed, and living out of the town, about l.COO; making of employees an aggregate of 10,06S. The number of men and boys employed in making shoes is more than 70 per cent now than it was in 1S42. The iu- crease in the number of women and girls employed in bind- ing shoes has been correspondingly great. The number of pairs of shoes made last year (1*19), was 3,540,000 pairs. The cost of material of these was $1,.535,545 ; that of making them $957,030-making the cost of the 8,540,iioo pairs of shoes to have been $2,892,575. Shoe-making was a princi- pal bu.'iness of the inhabitanU before the Eevolulion, and hence the people of the "City of Shoes" ought to be en- dowed with good nnaerstandhiffS. The population of the town in 1790 was 2.291: in ISOO, 2,S37; in ISIO, 4,0S7; m 1320, 4.515; in 1S30, 6.13S; in 1*10, 9.3C7, and in la^O, 14,259— the increase for the last two decennial periods hav- ing been upward of 62 per cent. The Easlera E. E. passes thI^™gh Lran, 9 m. from Boston. LvNN. p. o., Susquchauna CO., Pam.: 114 m. N. N. E, narriaburg. Lvs.x, p. o., Eandolph county, In,.l. : 53 m. E. by 'W. Indianapolis. Lynx- Ca-mp, Knox county, Kij.: 93 m. S, E. by S. Frankfort. Lv.NSFrELD, t and p. v., Essex CO., Mass. ; 13 m. N. Bos- ton. Prained by Ipswich and Saugus rivers, which afford good water-power. Surface rugged ; soil unproductive, with some arable land of superior quality, mostly well wood- ed, and In parts covered with largo f. .rests. '\Voolcn9, bo. Boston, Ltnxfobd, p. o., JefTcrson counly, A'l/. : 41 m. IIV. Frankfort. LvNXviLLE, p. v., Morgan county, //''..■ 37 ni. 'ft. by S. Springfield. LvKX-viLLE, p. o., Jasper co., la. : 79 m. W. of Iowa Cilv. LvssviLLE, p. v., Warrick co., Iml. : 121 m. S. Vf. by S. Indianapolis. A plank-road leads hence tpsnf wheat and corrf, with some cotton and tobacco. It has much water-power and flourishing manufactures. This is in the gold region, and the production has been consid'Tablc. Farms 50S; manuf. 29 ; dwell. SSO, and pop. — wb. 4^777, fr. col. 207, si. 1,262— total 6,246. Capital: Marion. M'DowELL, p. o., Highland co., Virg.: 123 m. N. "W. Richmond. M'Elavev Fokt, p. o., Huntington co., Penn. The Re- becca Blast Furnace, of SOO tons annual capacity, also a cliarroal forge (of .same name), which produces 200 tons of blooms annually, are located here. M'Ewes's Ckoss-Roads, p. o.. Morrow co., Ohio: 49 m. N- by E. Cohimbus. M'EwENsviLLE, p. o., Norlliumbcrlaud co,, Penn. : 55 m. N. Harrisburg. M'Fakland's, p. 0,, Lunenburg co., Virff. : 57 m. S. W. Richmond. M'GAnEYsviLLE, p. 0., Rockiugliam co., Virff.: 93 m. N. W. Richmond. M-Gap.v, p. o., Hancock co., PI. : S9 m. N. "W. Sprinsfield. M-Gf.e's p. o., Polk CO., Tex. : 169 nL E. by N. Au.'stin City. JI'Gre's Bridge, p. o.. Yallabusha co., Miss.: 119 m. N by E. Jackson. M'GirEE's Store, p. o., Jackson co., Ohio: 63 m. S. by K Columbus. M'GiiAwviLLE, p. v., Cortlandt co., JV! Y. : on a branch of Tioughnioga r., 131 m. \V. Albany. Contains several churches, and a number of workshops and stores. The "Cortlandt County Express" (neutral), "Morning Star'' (II. Meth.),and "Christian Contributor'' (Baptist). are issued here. It is the scat of a eollege for the promiscuous ednca- cation ofcolorcd and while persons. M'GR M'MI M-GnKf:or.'s L.v^diko. p. v.. Clajton to,, /.^ ; in N. E. part . Oipitul : Dorr (formerly Woodstock). Puhll^c Wurfc^: Galena and Chicago Union II. K.,etc. M'IIknuy, p. v., and cap. M'llenry co., ///. ; on the W. side of Fox r., 1D5 m. N. N. E. Siiringfleld. The country round about the v. is excellent farming land. M'Indoe's Falij9, p. o., Caledonia co., Verm.: on W. bank Comiecticnt r., 27 m. E. Monlpelior, ami at the head of navigation. The Connecticut and Passumpsic Ilivers E. K. parses through the v., AS ra. from While river junction. M'iNTosrr county, Gu. Situate S. E. on the Atlaulii-, and contains .MS sq. ui. Altamaha r. bounds it S., and S. New- port r. N., and drain it by their aftluents. Sapelo r. flows into Sapelo Sound between them. Surface level, and much of illoxv and swampy; soil fertile generally, in parts exceed- ingly ricli. The W. is a pine barren ; on the coast are very productive rice marshes. Sapelo I., which lies off shore a little, is very fertile, as is the land between the barrens and coast, and produces Sea Island cotton largely, llice is a very large and the chief crop. Cotton and corn are raucb less raised, but the former is very superior. Farms 117; manuf. 1(J; dwell. 2S.3. and pop. — wh. 1,327, fr. col. 72, si. 4,629— total G.I I2S. Capital: Darien. M'Kaig's Mills, p. v., Columbiana CO., Ohio: 121 m. E. N. E. Coluinbus. M"Kay, p. 0., Ashland county, Ohio: G5 m. N. N. E. Columbus. M-Kav, p. c, Dallas co., la. : 125 ro. W. Iowa City. M'Kkan county, Pi-itn. Situate N. W., and contains 1.122 sq. m. Drained by Alleghany r. and its branches, Potato and Kenjua creeks, and alHucnts of W. branch of the Su.squehanna. Surface rougli and hilly ; soil generally good, and adapted to grazing. Wheat, com, oats, and po- tatoes are raised in small quanlities. Catllo and sheep are largfly reared, and live-stock, butter, and wool exported. It has abundant water-power, and timber, and valuable manufactories of salt, iron, lumber, etc. It abounds in coal, Iron ore, and salt-.springs. Farms 246; manuf. 4t>; dwell. 953, and pop. — wh. 5,21S, fr. col. ^6 — total 5,254. Capital: Smithport. M'KuAS, t and p. v.. Erie co., Penn. : 205 m. N. W. TTar- risburg. and J) m. S. Erie. Drained by Elk cr. Surf;ice varied, in parts hilly; soil sandy loam. It has several mills. Pop. of t 2,Sm9. M'KKANSBi'Rr,, p. v., Schuylkill co., Peun. Situate about 1\ m. W. Little Schuylkill river and railroad, 53 m. N. E. Uarrinburg. M'Kean'3 Old Stand, p. o.. Westmoreland co., Peim. : 185 m. W. Ilarrisburg. M'Kf.e's Half Falls, p. o., Union en., Pemi.: 41 m. N. Harrisburg. M'Kf.e's Port, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : on llie E. side of M- ino!igabela r., near the mouth of the Youj^hiogeny r., 155 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It contains a church, sev- eral stores, and from 50 to 60 dwellings. M'KuVLRY county, TrtP. Situate S. W., and contains 3,939 eq. m. It lies between the Neuces and Grand rivers, the latter its W. boundary for 150 miles, the former its E. for 120. San Felipe, Pedro, Mavericks, Zoquette, Las Moms, Elm, and San Ambrnsio creeks flow into the Grand and Turkey, Elm, Live Oak, Mustang, and St. Mary's creek?, into the Neuces. Surface nnieh varied; in the N. mount- ain ritiges and broken intervals, in the S. plains of great extent, with ravines and liigh hills in parts; BOil varitnis ; (m the large streams fertile, producing corn abundantly, Willi most of the grains, fruits, and vcgeUtbles. A large part of the co. is but moderately productive, and used mostly to pasture horses and cattle, which thrive with hllle ur no attention in thi.*! mild climate. The Grande is here a sircam of good size, but too swift for navigation; thy Neuces is smaller; the banks of bolh arc generally well wooded, as are their branches. The part^ back of the rivere are some- what deficient in timber. This large tract is reeovering the population it has lost in long border s'.rifi-s, but is as yet s|nirsL-ly settled. CapAUd: Fort Duncan. Unorganized in ISoO. M'KixLi^T, p. v., Marengo county, -1/l/. ; 71 m. W. by S. Mont gome r>'. M'Klvskt, p. v., and cap. Collins co., Tctr. Situate cou- trally between Ten Mile and Honey creeks, 215 m. N. by E. Austin City. M'Kinstky's Mills, p. o., Carroll coimly. MJ.: 07 m. E. Annapolis. M'Kissack's Gkove, p. 0., Frenn.tnt county, /(!.,- 219 m. W. S. W. Iowa Ciiy. M'Lains Mills, p. v., W.aldo co., M-.: : on the St. George r., 31 m. E. by. S. Augusta. JI'Lean county, ///. Situate N. E. centre, and contains 1,0G4 sq. m. Drained by Maekiuau, Kickapoo, and Siig.^r creeks, allUients of the Illinois. Surlace elevated and un- dulating; soil very fertile. A large share is prairie, dotted with groves of excellent timber. Its streams afford good mill-3eal.s, and limestone and coal are found in parts. Com is the staple, on which pork is largely fatted for expi^rl. Wheat is a good crop, and the grazing very fine. Farms 910; manuf. 3; dwell. 1,S51, and pop.— wh. 10,121, fr. coi. 42— total 10,103. Capital: Eloomington. PuU.ie Worlcfi: Illinois Central K. R. ; Chicago and Missi.-sippi 11. P.; Peoria and Oquawka R. R., etc. M'Lean, p. v.. Tompkins co., A^ Y. : 133 m. W. Albany, on Fall er.. which affords great water-power. It has several manufactories, mills, and workshops, 60 ive and flourishing es- tabUshracnts that produce cotton and woolen goods, flour, 413 M'MI MAC leather, lumber, liquors, oil. etc. Farms l.CSS ; manuf. 115 ; dwell. 2,040; and pop.— wh. 12,2S6, fr. col. 52, si. l,56;v— total 13,906. C'tipital: Athens. PahUc TiorA-s; East Tennessee and Georgia K. E.; Chattanooga and Charleston liail- road, etc. M'iMiNNvn.LE, p. v., and cap. Warren co., Tenn. : on N. aide Hnrreu Fork, which flows into the Canoy, a fork of the Cumberland r.. 61 m. S. E. FrankforL The M'Miiinville and Mnnchestor K, li., a branch of the Nashville and Chatta- nooga R. E., comes up to the village from Tullnhonia, and it is the S. terminus of lUe Danville and M'MinnviHe K. K. Pop. about 600. M'Nairy county, Te7m. Situate S. TV., and contains S71 sq. m. Drained W. by heads of Big Halchie r., and E. by "White Oak, Mud, Snake, and Owl creeks of the Tennessee. Surface moderately uneven ; soil of good fertility. Corn, ■wheat, and tobacco are leading crops. Pork is a heavy ex- port. It has good mill-streams, and some manufactures of much importance. Farms 1,379; mamif. 33; dwell. 1,*95, and pop.— wh. 11,447, fr. col. 24. si. 1,S93— total 12,S64. Capital : Purdy. Puhlic Works : Memphis and Charleston Eailroad. M'Ntrrr, p. c, Sunflower co., Miss.: 93 m. N. by W. Jackson. M'Eae's Mili5, p. o., Montgomerj' co., ^V. Car. : 71 m. S. W. Raleigh. M'Pae's Store, p. o., Telfair co.. Ga. : near a tributary of the Altamaha r.. So m. S. by E. Milledgeville. M'Shekrystown, p. v., Adams co., Perm.. : in the S. E. part of the co., SO m. S. by W. Ilarrisburg. M'Vetto'wn, p. v., Mifflin co., Peiin. : on the TV. side of the Juniata r., and on the line of the E. division of the Pennsylvania R. R., 14 miles S. "SV. Lcwiston, and 40 miles W. N. "W. Harrisburg. il' Willi AMSTowN, p. o., Chester co., Pemi. : Gl ra. S. E. Ilarrisburg. MAitBEriSTiLLE, p. 0., Dutchess county, Al Y. : 03 m. S. Albany. Mabee's, p. 0., Jackson co., Ohio: 70 m. S. E. Columbus. Macedon, t. and p. v., Wayne co., N. Y. : 190 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Mud cr. Surface uneven ; soil very fertile. The Erie Canal passes through, the centre of the t. It has a number of mills, etc. Pop. of t 2,3S4. Maccdon, p. c, Mercer county, Ohio: 91 m. W. N. W. Columbus. Macedon Cextue. p. o., Wayne co., JVl Y. : in centre of Macedon t, 193 m. W. by N. Albany. Macedonla, p. o., Montgomery co., J^. Car.: 71 m. S. W. Raleigh. Macedonia, sta.. Summit co., O/i io : on the Cleveland and Pittsburg E. E., 20 m. S. E. Cleveland. Macedonia, p. v., Carroll co., Teim. : on a tributary of Obion r., in N. part of eo., 95 m. W. FrankforL Macedonia, p. o., Pottowotamie co., la. : 203 m. W. by S. Iowa City. Mace's, sta., Middlesex co., 3russ. : on the Lowell and Lawrence E. E., 113 m. W. Lawrence. MAcniAS, I., p. v., port of entry, and cap. Washington co., 2fe.j 123 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Drained by the Machias r., which passes through the t., and a number of small lakes in the N- E. part, whirU connect with tlie r. by a small creek. Surface varied ; soil good, with much timber land. The v. ifl situate on the Machias r., near its mouth, and contains the usual number of public buildings. It has a flue harbor, ad- milling vessels of 250 tons to within a very short dist-incc of the place. It is the seat of numerous mills, and carries on the lumber trade and fisheries. The v. was first settled in 1702, incorporated in 17S4, and was the first corporate town between Penobscot and St. Croix rivers. It is now an interesting and flourishing place. Wliitneyvilie is the name of a V. and p. o. in the N. W. of the town, from which to Machias Port, a distance of 9 m., the Franklin II. E. extends. Pop. of 1. 1,590. 414 Maciii^vs. t. and p. y., Catt.araugus county. A''. }' ; 225 m W. by S. Albany. Drained by outlet of Lime Lake, which empties into Cattaraugus cr., and other small streams flowing into Nine Mile cr. Surface elevated, but even or table land ; soil fertile and adapted to grazing. There are in the L several stores and mills. The v. is situate in N. E. part of t, near Lime Lake, and contains several stores, mills, etc., and about 45 dweUmgs. Pop. of 1. 1,342. Machias river, 3fe. : rises in two main streams, which originate in small lakes in Washington co., and unite at Machias Port, in their courses afl'ording extensive mill- power. Tlie bay of the same name lies between Machiaa Port and Chester, and is 10 m. long, and from 4 to 5 wiilc at its mouth, and contains several coves, harbors, and islands. Machias Pobt, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Me. : at the mouth of Machias r., 3. m. S. of Machias, 123 m. E. N. E. Augusta. It is a port of enlry, having an excellent harbor for vessels of all classes. The fishing and lumber trade is carried on to a great extent, and considerable navigation in coasting. It has several mills and considerable trade in lumber. Pop. 1,266. Mackesville, p. o., Clark county, 3fiss. : 85 ra. E. by S. Jacksonville. Mackinac, p. v., and cap. Michilimackinac co., Sfich. : 219 m. N. Lansing. Situated on S. side of an island of same name, 4 m. N. the W. extremity of Bois Blanc Island, in Lake Iluron. Fort Mackinac, on an eminence com- manding the V. and surrounding coast, is a U. S. military post. The harbor is very fine and secure, capable of accom- modating some 200 vessels. Furs and fish are the materials of the chief traflic, the former quito extensive. There is a court-house and several dwellings here. Mackinaw, p. v., Tazewell county. III. : 53 m. N. by E. Springfield. The v. is situated on and surrounded by fine prairie land, near Mackinaw river. Mackinaw creek, ///. ; an excellent mill-stream, falling into tlie Illinois 3 m. below Pekin. It has rich bottoms, but the bluffs have a thin and poor soil. Macksbui'.g, p. O.J Giles county, Virg.: 171 m. W. i S. Eichmond. Mack's Place, p. c, St, Clair co., Mich. : 95 m. E. by N. Lansing. Macksville, p. v., Eandolph co., Intl.: on the W. Fork of White r., 59 m. N". E. Indianapolis. Macktille, p. v.. Washington co., K'j. : in E. part of co., 31 m. S. by W. Frankfort Macomb county, Mich. Situate S. E., and contams 4.'i9 sq. m. Drained principally by Clinton river and its branches, S., Red r, and N. E. fork, N. branch and niiddle branch flowing into Lake St. Clair, its S. E. boundary. Surface E. mostly level, W. rolling and somewhat broken; soil generally verj' fertile, adapted particularly to grass and wheat. The E. is heavily timbered, and ship building is carried on extensively near the lake. The W. is mostly openings and prairie. Most of the grains produce well, and fine dairies are kept It has excellent water-power and rapidly increasing manufactures. Valuable salt springs are found, and a fine clay for pottery. Farms 1,277 ; manuf. 65; dwell. 2,066, and pop.— wh. 15,516, fr. col. 14^total 15,530. Capital : Mount Clemens. Macomb, p. v., and cap. M'Donough county, lU.: near Downing Fork, a branch of Crooked creek, G9 m. N. W' Springfield. It contains a court-house, a few stores, and about 200 inhabitants. The v. is situate on a fertile prairie. Macomb, t. and p. o., Macomb county, Mich. ; SI m. E. Lansing. Drained by Clinton r. and Middle and Partridge, two of its branches. Surface gently undulating; m\\ rich loam, well adapted to grain. The rivers afford excellent water-power. There are several grist and saw mills in the town. Pop. 757. Macomb, p. o., St Lawrence co., K. Y.: 14^3 m. N. W. Albany. Macon county, Ale. Situate S. E., and contains 933 sq. m. MAC MAD Drained by TaUapoosa river and its branclies, Ufawpee, Callebce, Crepia, and Oakfuslicc creeks. Surface moderately uneven ;' soil of average fertility. Corn and cotton are tlie leadiu-' products. It lias good miU-seate and plenty of line Umberi' Farms 1,203; manuf. 19; dwell. 1,>49, and pop. wh. 11,280, fr. col. 22, si. 16,S9S— total '26,898. Capital : Tuskegce. PiMic Works: Montgomery and West Point K U ;"Girard and Mobile K. 11., etc. M.woN county, Ga. Situate S.W. centrally, and contains 873 sq. m. Intersected by Flint river, and drained by its branches, N. and S. Whitewater and Beaver creeks. Sur- face uneven ; soil very productive. Cotton is the staple, and the crop very large. Corn is an excellent crop, and very large numbers of cattle and swine are fatted. Farms 419; niauuf. 0; dwell. GT9, and pop.— wh. 4.1190, fr. col. 1, si. 2,901— total 7,052. Cajiital: Lanier. 2'ublic Works: Muscogee R. It.; South Western E. It. Maco.-j county, III. Situate near cenlre, and contains 469 sq. m. Sangamon r. passes W. through the middle, and with its branches drains the co. Surface undulating or level ; soil generally fertile. Much of the co. is prairie, but there is some good timber. Corn is the chief, and wheat a good crop. Pork is a large export, and the pastures are excellent. It has not much water-power. Farms 487; manuf. 17 ; dwell. 693, and pop.-wh. 3,988, fr. col. 0,-total S,9SS. Capital: Decatur. PuhKc Works: Illinois Central E. R. ; Sangamon and Morgan E. Pv. ; and extensions to Terre Haute and Covington, etc. Macon county. Mo. Situate N. E., and contains S23 sq. m. Drained by Wolf cr., Chariton and E. Chariton rivers of the Missouri, and N. and S. forks of Salt river of the Mississippi. Surface moderately elevated and mostly even ; soil very fertile and Hne, adapted to grazing. Com is the leading crop. Tobacco is consider.ably raised. Mast is abundant; cattle .tnd sheep are largely reared, and pork is a heavy ex- port. It is well furnished with timber and water-power. Farms 711; manuf. S; dwell. 1,079, and pop.— wb. 0,202, fr. col. 0, si. 303— total 6,505. CapiUil : Bloomington. Macox county, K. Car. Situate W., and contains 776 sq. m. Drained by Tennessee r. and its branch, Tuek- nseege r. ' Surface elevated and in parts mountainous, with many broad and fertile valleys. Corn is the staple ; the other grains are not extensively grown, and the co. is better ndapted to grazing. It has fine mill-streams and numerous small manufactories. Iron ore Is found. Farms 631; manuf. IS ; dwell, 936, and pop.-wh. 5,013, fr. col. 100, si. 549, Indians 121— total 6.3S9. Capital : Franklin. Macon county, Tenn. Situate N. middle, and contains 244 sq. m. Drained by branches of Big Barren r. on the N. ; on the S. by branches of Cumberland r. Surface Bomewhat hilly ; soil very fertile. Com, wheat, and tobacco ore the staples. Pork is fatted and exported largely. It has good miU-sitcs. Farms 783; manuf. 3; dwell. 1,0+4, and pop.-wh. 6,187, fr. col. 45, si. 706— total 0,9iS. Capital : Lafayette. Macon, p. v., Marengo county, Ala. : near E. side Black Warrior r., 83 m. W. i N. Moiugomery. Macon, city, and cap. Bibb co., Ga. : on the W. side of the Ocranlgee r., at the head of steamboat navigation, 29 m. S. W. Milledgeville, at the junction of the Central (Georgia) P.. P.. with the Macon and Western and South Western E. E., which connect it with Savannah, Augusta, anil Charleston. A bridge 300 feet in length affords communication with the opposite shore. A number of steamboats and other craft are employed on the river chiefly in carrjing cotton, of which a large amount is shipped from here. From a mere village (in 1822) Macon has risen to be quite an important commer- cial depftt. There is now a line court-house and jail, market- house, and several churches, besides foreign commission houses, printing offices, stores, lumber yards, and grist mills. The ".loumal and Messenger" (whig), "Georgia Tele- graph" (dcm.), "Georgia Citizen" (dem.), and "Southern Tribune," weekly, and " Eeformcr" (mod.), monthly issues. arc published hero. It is the site of the Wesleyau Female College, founded in 1S39, having (in 1850) a president, 8 professors, 150 alumni, and 19S students. This institution is said to have been the first female coUege founded in the United States. Macon, p. v., and cap. Koxubee co., MLss.: on J>oxul)co r., 107 m. N. E. Jackson. The "Planter's Advocate'' (neut.), a weekly issue, is published here, Macon, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., 3lic?i. : 67 m. S, by E. Lansing. Drained by the Middle and South branches of Macon r. Surface somewhat billy ; soil black sandy loam, adapted to grass, com. oals, and wheat. Eidgew.ay is the name of a v. in the S. W. part of the town. In the t. there are some saw-mills. Pop. of 1. 1,030. Macon, p. o., Fayette CO., Tenn. : on a branch of Wolf cr., 163 m. S. W. Nashville. Macon, p. o., Powliattan CO., Virg. : 27 in. W. Eichmond. Macon DepOt, p. v., Warren CO., A'. Car. : 51 m. N. E. Ealcigh. The Gaston and Ealeigh II. E. passes it, 20 m. from Gaston and 67 m. (by railroail) from Ealeigh. Macoupin county. III. Situate S. W., and contains S64 sq. m. Drained by Apple, Otter, Macoupin, and Cahokia creeks, affluents of the Illinois and Mississippi. Surface undulating; soil hisldy productive-a large part is pr.-iirie, and equally adapted to grass and grain. Corn and wheat are the staples, and hca\-y crops. Live-stock, beet, pork, and wool are the exports. It has fine water-power and rapidly increasini manufactures. Farms 1,183 ; manuf. '24 ; dwell. 2,037, and pop.-wh. 12,272, fr. col. 83-tolal 12,3oo. Capital: Carlinville. I'lMic Works: Chicago and Mis- sissippi E. E., etc. MjIcol-pin river, III. : a considerable stream nsing in the N. part of Montgomer)' county, and running S. W. into Greene county to the Illinois, which it enters 26 m. above ila mouth. Its branches are FhUl's, Dry Fork, Bear, and Hodge's creeks ami Lake Fork. The country along its banks is generally fertile, suitably apportioned into timber and jirairie. t^ ^- ,, Maokngie, t. and p. o., Lehigh CO., Venn. : 69 m.E.^.L. Ilarrislmrg. Drained by tributaries of Lehigh r. Surface in most part level; soil fertile, and well clUtivated. It is rich in minerals as in agricultural resources. Maobury, sta., Stratford Co., N. I/amp. : on the line of Boston and Maine li. E. 7 m. S. Dover. MapdenvllU!, p. o., Huntingdon CO., Penn.: 69 m. W. Harrisburg. Maddox, p. o., Hanover CO., rirs/- ■' 23 "n- >*■ Eichmond. Madison county, Ala. Situate on N. line, and conlains 703 sq. m. Bounded S. by Tennessee r. and drained by lis branches. Surface somewhat hilly ; soil highly productive. Cotton is the staple, and in quantity produced this is about the first county in the State. Corn and wheat are also very large crops. It has much fine pasture, and exports a largo amount of pork. The facilities for manufacturing arc very fine and extensively improved. Farms 1,080 ; manuf. 92 ; dwell. 2,046, and pop.-wh. 11,937, fr. col. 164, si. 14,326- tolal 26,427. Capital: Uuntsville. PuUin Works: Mem- phis and Charleston E. E.; Huntsville Canal, etc. Madison county. Ark. Situate X. W., and contains 963 sq. m. Draine.1 by White r. and its branches. Kings r., 4nd War E.agle and Eicliland creeks. Surface elevated, in the S. mountainous ; soil productive, and well ndapted to grass. Corn is the leading cereal. Other grains and tobacco do well. Hogs are fatted largely. It has abundant tinilK-r and water-power, and is rich in galena or lead ore. I arnis 060 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. !M;3, and pop.-wh. 4,059, fr. col. 0, si. 164— total 5,82,3. Oi/"(i'Z.- Huntsville. Madison county, Flor. Situate N. middle, and contains 2 946 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Suwunee and « . by Au- cilla (or Oeilla) r., and has a few creeks (lowing into tlio Gulf. Surface even, or rolling: soil very fertile S. E., mid- dle poor, and N. and W. excellent. Cotton and corn are loadin" crops. It has some floe sugar lands, and swamps ° 415 MAD MAD well filled for rice (rrowing. Timber is abundant, pine, cypress, and eclpn goods are larj;e and flourisbing. Farms 51-i; nianiif. 3S ; dwell. S-iT. and pop. — wli. 4,45s, fr. eui. 14'J, si. -1. Tit— total 9,531. (.'tijiital : Madison. M-vnisoN, t. and p. v., New ITaven eo., 0>nn. : Z\ ni. S. Uarlford, Bounded on the S. by Long Island Sound, and embnifes Haninionassft roiiit. Drained by l^asl and Neek rivers, Ilamnionasset r. forming its 1-2. boundary. Snil stony and bard to cuUivale, but is made quitL- produetive by plowing in irhid? jish^wXwXx are taken in tbe Sound in large quantities. Tiiis plaee bas a small but seeure barbor, and some navigation. There is a large quantity of lumber here, and sbip-building is carrii-d on to some i-xteiil. Tlie V. is situate near the coast, on tbe line of the New Haven and New London R. K., 'JO m. distant from Xew Haven and 30 ni. from Xew London. It contains some tine buildings. There are in the I. several mills and some manufactories. Pop. of I. 2,0C3. IVIaihson, p. v., and cap. Madison co., Flor, : ."ip m. E. Tallahassee. Situate in the K. part of co., and contains a court-house, etc. Maoison, p. v.. and cap. Morgan co., Gtt. : 3S m. N. N.W. Milledgeville. Situate on a braiu-ii of tbe Oconee r. and on tbe line of Georgia E. i;., 104 m. W. Augusta. It bas a court-hovisc, jail, 2 academies, a number of stores, and about SO dwellings. Madison, p. o., city, and cap. JefTerson en., Trul. : on tbe N. siout 75 feet, antl then falls off buldly to the shore of the Fourth Lake — distance across heiTig about Ibi-ce-fourtbs of a mile. Following tbe cardinal point:?, Ilie ground descends everyway from the Capitol, all the streets from the corners of the square terminating in tbe lakes, save the western, which slopes gradually about half a mile, and then rises until, at a distance of exactly one mile fnun tbe cajiitcl. it attains an elevation of at least 125 feet. This is Colli'gs UiU^ tbe magnificent site of the Wis- consin University, Ibunded in 1S4S. It is rapidly increasing in its population, buildings, and other improvements. A telegraph line connects with the lakes and the Mississippi. There is excellent water-power, which is used in running some of the most extensive mills in llic State. It contains several stores and workshops. There are three papers issued here, the " Wisconsin Express" (whig), " Wiseonsia Argus" (dem.), "Wisconsin Democrat" (dem.) Pop. (in 1^5m) 1,ST1. The Milwaukie and Mississijipi R. R. will jjrobably intersect Madison. Madisonborougii, p. v., Alachua county, Flor. : 121 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. Madison Centrk, p. v., Somerset eo., M<\ : 29 m. X. Augusta, and near a beautiful pond, the outlet of which is at Skouhyau. MiDisos Cross Roads, p. v., Madison co., Ala. : 1G9 m. X. by W. Montgomery. Madison Mills, p. o., Madison co., Vlrg.: 75 m. N. W. Richmond. Madison Springs, p. t., Madison county, Ga. : 83 m. X. Milledgeville,in N. part of tbe co.,uear Broud r. There is a chalybeate spring here which is beneficial in many com- plaints, and there is a fine hotel for the accommodation of visitors to the springs. Madisonvillk., p. v., and cap. Hopkins co., Ay.; situate on the E. side of Green r. (on an elevation), 1G9 m.'W. S.W. Franklbrt. It contains a court-house and about 60 inhab- itants. MAni80XT7Li.E, p. V. and seaport. St. Tammany par., La. . on tbe X. bank of Lake Pontcbarlrain, and W. of Boguo Fallia, which empties itself at this point, 59 m. E. Baton Rnuge, ami 29 m. X^. Xew Orleam. It is an important plaee. and will be made tbe W. terminus of the line of rail- ro.-id from Alabama toward Xew Orleans, to which city tbe connection will be by ste:imboat. Maiusunvillk, p. o., Madison co.. Miss.: 21 m. N. l\v E. Jackson. Madi^on'tillr, p. v., Ralls co., Mo. : on Spencer's cr., 71 m. X. v.. Jefferson City. MADisoN\aLLK. p. V., TTamilton co., 0?no: 91 m. S. W. Columbus, 4 m. N. of the Ohio river. It contains about C.*iO inhabitants. Maoisonvtlle, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Tenn. : 137 m. S. E. Xashville. Mad river, Ohio: a large branch of the Great Miami from the E., rising in Logan co., and after a course of 50 m. terminates at Dayton. It has a rapid and broken current, and supplies an immense water-power. Madi'.id, t. and p. o., Franklin co., 3f^:: 49 m. X. W. Augusta. Drained by branches of Sandy river. Surface varied ; in some parts mmintainous, containing a i)art rated foi tbeir dried fish, ktiowu by tbe uuuie of Isles of iShoal dun-fish, which wore prepared by drying theoi slowly aad carefully on the rocks. Their po])uIutioii in lS5i) was 1^2. Casco Bay, a spacious basin between Cape Elizabeth and Cape SraaU roiiit, contains a great number of fine islands, among which Great Gebrag and Sebascodegan Islands are the largest. Tbe shores of the bay afford several excellent luirbors. Seguin Island, further east, is a noted landmark at the nioutU of the river Kennebec. Parker's Island, ou which is Georgetown, tbe island of Cape Newagen, and Jeremisquara, are large bodies of land betwecen the Kennebec and Damariscotta rivers, south of which are tiie Damariscove islands, a group of small but inhabited islets, l-'arther from the shore are Monhegan, St. George's, Matinic, and Matinicus islands. Monhegan was formerly famous fur its fisheries. The Fox Island, Long Island, and Doer Island, are the principal islands in Penobscot Bay, which extends from White Head, on the west, to lit au Ilaut on the east, ami runs up about 35 miles inland. But the largest island on the coast is Mount Desert, containing about Ci),000 acre^. Several of ita heights are conspicuous objects far off at se.a, and some of tlicra attain an elevation of from 1,500 to 1,S00 feet. I-'artlier cast is Petit Menan, often corrupted to Titmeuan, and at the entrance of Passamatiuoddy Bay is Grand Mcnan, belonging to New Brunswick, to wliich province, also,' Campobello and Deer Island, in that bay, arc politically attached. Moose Islands belong to Maine. The surface of the interior country beyond tbe coast region, which is somewhat flat ami sandy, is, in general, pleasantly varied with hills and valleys. There is no connected ridge of mountains in the t^tate, but the norlh-westorn part contains numerous detached elevations, whiih may be considered as "outliers" of the White Mountains, and from this section all the principal rivers descend in diiyi-rent directions. The Bald Mountain, to the west of Moosehead Lake, Katahdin, Mountain, between the cast and west branches of Penobscot Iliver, Saddleback, Ml. Abraham, and Mt. Bigclow, be- tween the Androscoggin and the Kennebec, and tbe Sugar Loaf Mountains at the licad of the west branch of the "Walloostook arc thought to be the lufiiest points. The highest point oi land in the State is Mt. Katahdin, which rises 5,yS5 feet above the sea level. It is estimated that one tenth part of the State is covered with water; and every portion is abundantly supplied with streams and rivulets which, for the most part, How fr(»m or through lakes, and are copiously supplied from these reser- voirs throughout the year. The rivers of Maine are characterized by numerous falls, which, while they impede the navigation of large craft, do not internipt the descent of logs and rafts, and ftu-nish excellent mill-seals. Along the coaata the tiiic-waters often penetrate far inland, filling natural channels, which take the name of rivers, but which are, in truth, arms of the sea. The whole of the northern part is drained by the constituents of St. John River— the SL Francis, and Madawaska from the north, and the Walloostook, Allagash, and Aroostook from the south. The great river of the southern section is the Penobscot, which collects its tribute of waters from the whole breadth of the State. Its western branch rises near the heads of the Chautliere, and flows east, receiving in its course several streams from the vicinity of the sources of the Allagash and Walloostook, and passing Uirough Chesuncook and Pemadumeook lakes below which it has a fall of 50 focL It receives the eastern or Schools branch formed by confluents coming from the same tract which sends off the Aroostook to the north. The Mattawamkeag and the Piscataquis, its principal tributa- ries, then come in from opposite sides, and at Orono the river falls about 50 or GO feet to the tide level. The tides at Bangor. GO miles from the sea, and 30 from Belfast Bay, rise 15 feet, and the river is navigable for the largest vessels to that place, but navigation is closed four or five months in the year by ice. The t*ital length of its course is about !?50 miles. The Kennebec preserves a remarkable parallelism with the Penobscot, but drains a less extent of country. Its head stream, the M'jle annuity secured U) them by the government. There is also an Indian settlement on the wesleru side of Passama- quoddy Bay. The present inhabitants are chiefly of British descent, and the greater portion of them the immediate descendants of the original colonists of New l^ngland. There are, however, large numbers of emigrants from other European counti'ies, but the proportion of these classes is by no means so great as in most of the other States. The colored races form but a small moiety of the people. Maine is divided into 13 counties, tlio general statistics of which and tlie capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : IS Manuf, Ciiunties. Aroosttiok . . . Cumberiand.. Franklin S.-isT. Hancock 5,550 . Kennebec 10.162. Lincoln 12,lTii. Oxford 6.712. Dwell. Pop. J^l!^^^ .... 2,03S.. 12.535.. 1,22S. ....12JG2..T9.M9..5.352. 20,02T.. 2.521. ,34.372.. 2,271, 62.52 1..5.25r.. 74,S75.. 4,975. 39,6G-i..4,23S. Capitals. Floulton Porlland Phillips Castine Augusta 526.. Wiseasset 150.. Paris Ksl.ilj. . 5J>. .644. .1:55. .205. .331. Counties. Penobscot, . PisL'iitaqui*. Somerset . . . Dwell. Pop. . ..10,374.. 63.0S9. ... 2,.559..14,7-». ... 5,917 Wal.lo 7,031, Washington 5,S35. Turk 10,664, ,.36,581. .47.3.30. ,83,310. .60,101, Capitals. .3,988.. 407.. Eailgor 1,779.. 61. .Dover 3,313. .155. .Norrulgcwock ,4,415.. 347.. Belfast ,1,875.. 810.. Machias ,6,004.. 353.. York The whole number of ihvellings in the Slate was. at the above date, 95,797; of families, 103,787; and of inhabitants, 683,088; viz., whiles 5S1.7C3— males 296,006, and females 285,138; free eolored 1,326— males 705, and females 020. Of the whole population there were, rf«y ujtd. dumh—\yh. ii'i, fr. col. 1— total 230; blind — wli. 201, fr. col, 0— total 201; ijuian^ — wh, 533. fr, eol, 3 — total 5.36, and idiniic — wh. 555, Ir. col. 3 — total 553. The number of free persons born in the United States was 551,129. the number of foreign birth 31.456. and of birth tmknown 684 ; native population originated a3 foUows: Muine 517,117, N. Ilamp. 13,609, Verm. 1,177, Mass. 16,535, K, I, 410, Conn, 460, N. Y. 973, N. J. 1:J4, Penn. 201, Del. 36, Md. 11.3, Dist. of Col, 28. Virg, 94, N. Car. 27, S. Car. 31, Ga. 24, Flor. 24, Ala. 6, Miss. IC, La. 21, Tex. 9, Ark. 6, Tenn. 6, Ky. 14, Oh. 68, Mich. 19, Ind. 5, 111. 38, Mo. 11, la. 1, Wise. 10, Calif. 2, Territories 4. And Ihn foreign, population was composed of persims, from— England 1,949, Ireland 13,871, Scotland 532. Wales 60, Germany 290, France 143, Spain 13, Pitrlugal ,53, Belgium 2, Uoiland 12, Turkey 4, Ilaly 20, Auslria 3, Switzerland 11, P.ussia 2, Den- mark 47, Norway 12, Sweden 55, Prussia 27, China 8, Asia 5, Africa .5. British America 14,181, Mexico 2, Centr.il America 0, South America 31, West In,0T3; value of entire products, $2,59G,3rjO. In this dtparlraeut of manufactures Sl,531 bales of cotton were used, and 2,921 tons of coal consumed ; and the number of hands employed— males 7S0, and females 2,959. The products fur the year were 32,'-i52,55G yards of sheeting, etc. The icoul-en matmfaciures employ a capital of $467,600; and use 1,438.434 pounds of wool, valued at $495,940; number of hands — males 310. and females 314; monthly cost of labor — male $0,999, and female $3,097 ; value of enth'e products, $753.3110, and quantity of products. 1,023,020 yards of clolh, and 1,200 pounds yarn. In tail tt£nci,\ho invested capital is $732,747 ; value of hides and skins, $S92.;U3 ; hands employed — males, 787, and females 3; monthly co-^t of labnr— male $17,229, and female $2S; skins tanned 31,350, and sides of leather tanned G32,0GS; value of products, $1,020,636. In the manufacture of 2^'ff ifon^ the capital invested is $214,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $14,939 ; hands cmjiloyed- males, 71; monthly cost of labor. $1,562; pig iron maile. 1,4-84 tons; value of products, $36,016. The material consumed consisted of 2.907 I'lns ore. and 213,970 bushels coke and eharcord. In Ilie man\ifactJire of ira7i cast/ngs, the invested cajiital is $150. IdO; value nf raw mati-rial, fuel, etc., $112,570; number of hands employed— males 243, and females 1 ; average wages per mnnlh— to males $29. and to tVmaIes$3; entire value of products — 3.691 tons castings— $265,000. The material and fuel consumed consisted of I'ig iron. 3,591 tons ; old metal, 245 tuns; mineral eoal, 1,319 tons; and coke and charcoal, 14,000 bushels. Besides the above, Maine has other considerable interests — numerous mills, and various mechanical establishments, etc.. which, in the asgrcgale. make up a long ViA of industrial pursuits, for the prulitable prosecution of which the fine streams of the country afford special facilities. Cwnmerce^ Navigation^ el^t'.- The total value of merchandise exported to foreign countries, from Maine, during the year ending 3Mtli January, 1850, was $1,556,912, of which $1,530,818 was the value nf domestic produce and manufac- tures, and $20,094 that of foreign goods re-exported. The value of domestic merchandise, exported in American vessels, was $1,135,99S, and in foreign vessels $400,820; and the value of foreign merchandise, re-exportfd in Ameriearr vessels, was $I4,oG4. and in f'troign vessels $5.,530. The total value of imports for the same year was $850,411. of which $009,155 was the value of goods carried in American vessels, and $247,250 in foreign vessels. The following table exhibits the statistics of shipping employed in the foreign trade : eiUPPIXtl KXTERED. NatinnaHty. Ves!?<"lfi. Tonnni;13 tons; ami from Saco. 496 tons ; ami tbr* tonnage cnt'-red at Passamaqiioibly was 5S.4fi3 toivs ; at Macbias. 3S9 tons ; at Penobscot. 4.140 t^ins ; at AValdobnro', 492 tons ; at Wiscassct, 1.025 Ions :',-it Belfast, 830 tons; at Bath. 10.094 tons ; .it Bangor, .3.365 tons ; iit Portland, 64.195 tons, and at Saco, 213 tons. The sliipping owned in the State, on tlie 30lh of .June, l'-50, amounted lo 501,421 tons; registered — pennnnent, 193,9.55 Ions, and temporary, 41,524 tons; enrolled and liec^nsed— pi-rmanent, 259,fy45 ton.s, and temporary 499 tons ; licensed (under 20 tons)— employed in coasling 904 tons, and in the rod fisheries 4.(i94 tons. Of the registered 6liippiiig 821 Ions, and nf the enrolled and licensed shipping 5,25:l tons, were navigated by steam. The proportion of the enrolled and licensed shipping employed — in coasling was 209,079 tons, in the cod fisheries 37,218 tons, and in the niaokercl flshcries 12,046 tons. 421 MAINE. The statiatics of the commerce of Maine fur a series of years cxliibit the following movemenu : Year. Eiports. 1S20 $1,108,031 1821 1,040,848 1822 1.080,1543 1S23 805,501 1824. 900,1 05 1825 1,031,127 1S2(J 1,052,5TS 1837 1,070,1*4 1328 1,010,517 1820 737,S-')2 1630 670,632 Inn>orLi. « - 980,204 948,775 891.041 70S,44;i 1,109,941) l,245,2-;5 1,833,890 1,24G,S(I9 747.781 572,CllG Y^sr. E.xporta. 1831 $805,578 18«2 981,443 1833 1,019,8,31 1S34 815,277 1435 1,059,807 1^36 S50.9S6 1837 956.952 IsJS. 9.36.532 1880 695,485 1840 1,018,209 1841 1,091,665 Imports. $911,407 1,123,326 1,080,808 1,060,121 88:J,3S9 930,086 601,404 809,142 982,724 628,702 700,061 Year. Export". 1842 $1,0.50,.523 1S4.3 682,801 1844 1,176,183 1845 1,255,105 1846 1,328,8ri8 1847 1,034.203 1848 1,957.305 1840 1,286,081 1850 1,556,012 1851 1,551,488 1862 — Importa. $606,864 2.'j0,260 670,824 855,645 787,092 574,056 "95,.565 721,409 856,411 1,176,590 Infernal Communicatiim. — Tlio baya and estuaries of Maine, many of whicli, however, penetrate to a considerable distance inland, are llie only natural ways for internal intercourse enjoyed by the State. The great interior back from the sea-board district is beyond their reach, and Uio chief rivers, except as far as they can be made to float down the timber and rafts of tlio vast forests which abound at their upper courses, are almost useless to navigation. The State, then, has had to depend on artificial channels for travel and transportation ; and from necessity, these arc extensive and systematic. But the position of Maine Vy the Briti.sli provinces has demanded of it something more than roads to the interior, and hence we find its system, completed and projected, extending into Canada <(n the one hand, and into New Brunswick and Nova Scotia on the other; while lines of railroad are in operation from the south-east part of the State to Boston, connecting with the general system of the Union, and furnishing a link in the great chain extending from IlalitUx, the northern terminus of European steam navigation, to the ports of the Gulf of Mexico. The Atlantic and St, LawTeneo Eailroad, one of the greatest enterprises of the age, gives to Montreal and Quebec an outlet on the Atlantic, and avoids the tedious navigation down the SL Lawrence Eiver. The European and North American Kaih-oad will greatly facilitate and shorten the period of travel between Europe and the Union. The lirst of these is now about complete, and tlie latter has so far progressed as to insure its completion within the next four or five years. With the exception of one or two short lines, the railroads as yet complete are found in the south-east part of the Slate, between the Kennebec Eiver and the line of New Il.ampshire. The total length of completed railroad in the State, on the 1st Januar}-, 1853, was 417 miles. The State has also constructed the Cumberland and Oxford Canal, connecting Portland with Scbago Pond, twenty and a half miles long. It has 25 locks, and by another lock, in Saco River, it is extended through Brandy and Long Ponds, making its whole lengtii 50 miles. £ani&— The bank returns for October, 1850, reported 82 banks. The following statement exhibits their condition at that period : Lial,nitue—cii\nis.\ $8,248,000, circulation $2,651,208, deposits $1,223,671, due other banks $48,030, and other li.ibilities $38,285 : and assetts— loam and discounts $5,830,330, real estate $111,805, duo by other banks $778,955, notes of other banks 'i>187,435, aud specie $475,589. The banks are subject to the control of Bank Commissioners appointed by the Governor. Government, etc. — The constitution of Maine went into operation in 1820, on the separation of the State from Massa- chusetts. It Cimfers the rig?it of suffrage on every white male citizen (except paupers, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed) 21 years of age, and for three months next preceding any election a resident, and such citizen may vote in the town where a residence is so established. The general election is held annually on the second Monday in Sep- tember. The Leginhititre is composed of a House of Eepreaentativcs and a Senate ; representatives not less than 100, nor more than 200 in number (now 151), and elected annually, must be 21 years of age, live years citizens of the United States, one year residents of the State, and three months next preceding the election inhabitants of the town they may represent. A town having 1 ,500 inhabitants, is entitled to mie representative; having 8,750, two ,• having i,~5, three; having 10,500, fmir; having 15,000,/i'e / having 20,250, sias; and having 20,250, seieen; and no town can ever be entitled to more than seven representatives. Senators not less than 20 nor more than 81 in number (now SI), must be 35 years of age, and otherwise their term of office and qualifications same as for representatives. Vacancies in the Senate shall be filled by joint vote of the senators and the representatives, from those who had the highest number of votes in each district at the popular election. The Senate tries all impeachments, and a two-thirds vote is necessary to conviction ; but judgment in such cases only extends to removal from and disqualillcation for office, the party being still liable to indictment No senator or representative shall, during his term, be appointed to any civil office of profit that may have been created, or its emolu- ments increased during such term ; and no member of Congress, or person holding office under the Uniteanty, wiih a judge and register ; and each county has a clerk of tlie judicial court. Municipal and police courU are eslublif^hed at Portland, lialh, liangor, Augusta, Gardiner, Belfast, Calais, Uockland, and Brunswick. All State judges are appointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of the council, and hold office for seven years, unless sooner removed for causo. Among the general provimona of the constitution, are tlie following: Quakers. Shaker.-*, justices of the Supreme Court and ministers of Iho gospeJ, shall be exempt from military duty. t>uitable provision shall be made by towns lo support and maintain public schools. Ko grant shall be made by the legislature to any literary iusiilulion, unless it has control over its cliarter. No rebgioustest shall be required aa a qualification for any olllce or trust. In all libel cases, the truth may be given in evidence, and the jury shall determine both tlie law and the facts. Amendments to the constitution must receive a two-thirds vote of both houses, and bo submitted to the people at the next general election ; and if a majority is in favor of the amendment, it shall become a part of the conslitviiion. The niilitia of Maine, according to the returns of 1S51, consists of 62,53-3 men of all arms and grades, of which 183 are commissioned officers, and 62,35U non-conmiissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers, 13 are general oGlccrs, IS general staff officers, 24 field officers, and 129 company officers. All persons between 13 and 45 years of age, not exempt by law, are liable to do military duty. Maine has several benevolent 'Institutions, among which the Insane Ilospital at Augusta stands pre-eminent. On the 4th of December, 1S50, the two wings and most ot the main building were destroyed l)y fire; the books, libraj-y, aiid papers of the institution were saved, but 27 of the inmates and one of the assistants perished in the flames. The north wing was made habitable by the 1st of January, 1S51, and has since been occupied. The returns for the year ending olst March, 1&50, exhibited the condition of the hospital at that lime as follows: number of patients in hospitid at the commencement of the past year, 12T ; and received during the year, 126 — total 253, of which number 142 were males, and 111 females. Discharged during the year: recovered — males 33, and females 2S; improved — males 10, and females 111 ; unimproved— males 8, and females S ; and died— males S, and females 7 ; making a total of 117. Of the 12G admitted, 6 1 were married — males 35, and females 29; 50 were single — 2S males, and 22 females; anporlioned among the 423 MAINE. I0WT13, and the towns receiving their sli:iro are obliged l<» raise an amount of schoiil money equal to 40 eenla for eaoh in- habitant. In .3,94^^ dislriola and '279 part <^i!^t^icls, wliit-h ma-ie returns for 1S50, there were 2,706 mtilu and 3,921 female teachers ; average nionlhly wages— male $IG 6(), atid female $5 92 ; average ienglh of schools in weeks, IS.S ; schools sus- pended by int-ompelency of teaehers, 1.V3; number of good schonl-houses, 1,59G; number of pour schonl-Ii oases, 2,013; number of hchool-housea built the past year, 120; whole number of scholars, 239,274; whole attendance in winter, 151,360; average attemlance, 91,519. The whole amount of sehool money raised by tax was $2t>4,351 17, which was $41,010 31 more than required by law. The sum of $29,921 46 was exi^rnded for private schools. There were school libraries in 9 towns. The wlude number of chartered itcadcmies in the Stiite in 1850 was 92, of which 6i sustain schools during a greater or less part of the year. Teachers* institutes have bi-eu iti successful operation lor several years ; 1,732 teachers attended them in 1S50— SOI males, and 931 femah-s; and the session of each institute lusted ten days. The two great eoUeges of Maine arc Bowdoin arul Watcrville colleges. Bowdoin College, nt Brunswick, was founded in 1SU2, and in 1S50 had 14 professors, 1.062 alumni, of whom 1>7 liad entered the ministry, 129 students, and a library rW 27,500 volunK-s ; nn, a convention met at Portland for the purpose of considirinj; the suliject. In the succeeding year the question was submitted to the people of Maine, to be decided in town meetings, when il was found that a majority of the freemen were against the measure. The subject was renewed in 1SII2, when a"ain a majority appeared adverse to a separation. In 1S19, numerous petitions having been presented to the Lcgisl.ature, an .act was p:issed for ascertaining the will of the people, in conformity to which a vote was tal;en in all the towns. A lar£,'e nnijorily now voted in favor of the separation, and in ei>iisequence of the desires of the inhabitants thus expressed, a coilvention was called under the authorizatioli of the Legislature of Mas-sachuselts. A constitution was adopted which received the approbation of the ])eople, and on the 15th March, 1S'20, the District of Maine became an independent Stale and a ineinher of llie United Slates. AuousTA, on the Kennebec Eiver, is the political capital atid seat of the State Government. JiAiSE, t. and p. v., Broome Co., K. Y.: Via m. W. S. W. Albany. Drained by two crcclis flowing into the Susque- hanna r. Surface nuich broken ; soil best adapted to graz- ing. The v. is situate in .S. W. part of t., on Nantieoke er. The t. contains several saw-mills, grist-mills, and tanneries. Pop. 1,^43. JI.UNE, p. o., Cook CO., 111.: 1T5 m. N. E. Springfield. Mainhsci-kg, p. 0., Tioga county, J'enn.: Wi in. N. llarrisburg. Mainevilli:, p. v., Columbia Co., Pfitn. : 151 m. N. N. E. llarrisburg. There is a cold blast furnace (the Catla- wissa). constructed in ISlo, of 1.3mi tonsaninial eaii.icily. also a forge of same name, constructed in lS-*4, wiiieh produces annually 100 tons of bars. Malaga, p. v., Gloucesler Co., jV". Jei: : near Scotland Branch fork of Maurice r., 4T m. S. S. W. Trenti.n. It eon- tains a glass manufactory, several stores, and workshops. Malaga, t. and p. v., Monroe eo., Ohio : 95 m. E. by S. Columbus. Drained by tributaries of Seneca cr. Surface hilly and rough ; soU varied. The v. is situated iu N. part. Pop. 1,501. Malcolm, p. v., Jefferson co.. Miss. : Gl m. S. W. .Tack- son. There is a railroad running from Natchez lo this v., a distance of 29 miles. Maldes-, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., .Vtiss. : 5 m. N. Boston. Bounded on the S. by Mystic r., whieli separates it from Charlestown, to which it is connected by a bridge. Drained liy Ch:irles r. .Surface uneven, abounding in salt meadows and timber lands. Maiden, like Meilford, Som- nierville, and Cambridge, is considered as a suburb of BostoiL First settled in ll!4S, incorporated in 1649. It is a bu.sy town, with several manufactures, workshops, and nu- merous stores. The Boston and Maine K. P,. passes through it, from wliich point the Medford Branch P.. P.. diverges. Pop. of I. 3,520. Maldes, p. v., Ulster CO., X. Y. : on the W. side of the Hudson r., 41 m. S. by W. Albany. There is a regular steamboat landing, and large quanlities of leather and flag- ging stones are shipped. Malden Bridge, p. v., Columbia county, X. 1'.: on Kinderhook cr., 1" m. S. by E. Albany. Malueoeeox islands, Zgdensburg) E. E. crosses the N. part of the t., miming through the v., which is pleasantly situate on both si be found along the river. Tliere is flne water-power, which is employed extensively in manufactories, of 'which there are a great number. The v. is the seat of justice for the county, and has sever.al manu- factories of cotton goods, leather, scythes, pails, etc. The 'Franklin Gazette" (dem.), aud '•Frontier Palladium" (whig), are issued weekly. Pop. r,r t. 4,.')4". Malta, t. and p. o., Saratoga eo., X, Y. : 23 in. N. Albanj". Drained by a small stream wliieh bounds it on tlie X. and Siiratoga Lake on the E., and Antlioin's Kill ('»ntlet of Round Lake), in the S. Surface undidating; soil fertile, lu the t there are several stores, mills, and manufactories. Pop. 1,:U9. Malta, t. and p. v., Morgan Co., Ohio: Gl m. E. S. E. Colundius. Drained by Muskingum r., which lonns its E. boundary. Surface uneven; soil fertile. The v. is situate in the N. E. part of Ihe L on Ihe Muskingum river. Pop. of t. 1,303. Maltaville, p. T., Saratoga Co., K Y. : 21 m. N. by W. Albany, near Kouml Lake. It contains a factory and mill, and about 25 dwellings. Malcgis Grove, p. c, Leo co.. Ill, : 133 m. N. by E. Springfield. Malvern, p. o., Carroll county, Ohio: 101 m. N. E. ColumlHKs. Mamakating, t. and p. o., Sullivan eo., K. Y.: SI m. S. 8. W. Albany. Surface hilly and inoimtainous. having on the E. the Shawangunk Mountain, and in the W. a high riilge : through the centre flows B:»he's Kill, and the Delaware and Hudson Canal. The New York and Erie i;. 11. crosses the S. part of town. It contains numerons stores, 6 tanneries, 3 distilleries, a number of grist-mills and saw-mills. Pop. of t. 4.107. Mamaroxeck, t. and p. v., Westchester Co., X. Y.: 119 m. S. Albany. Draine-1 by Mamaroncck cr., flowing into Long Island Sound, which bounds it on the S. The Xew York aud New Haven K. E. passes through the t Surface uneven— in parts hilly ; soil good and well cnllivafed. The V. is situate on the Sound. Several sloops owned here ply between the v. and New York. There arc 2 churches, several stores, and a salamander safe manufactory in tho v., and iibout 3ii0 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 92S. i\lAMM(.Tn C'ave. p. o., Edmonson county, Kt/. : 95 m. S. W. Frankfort, and near Green river.' It is situated mid- way between Louisville and Nashville, and is a fashionable place of resort. The cave is approached through a roman- tic shiide. At the entrance is a rusli of cold air ; a descent of 30 feet by stone steps, and an advance of 150 feet inwanl brings the visitor to the door, in a solid stone wall, which blocks up the entrance of the cave. A narrow p.as- sage leads lo the great vestifntle or ante-chamber, an oval hall, 200 by 150 feet, and 50 feet high. Two pas.sag.-s. of 100 feet width, open into it, and the whole is su|)port- ed without a single column. This chamber was used by the races of yore as a cemetery, judging from the bones of gigantic size which are discovered. A hundred feet above your head you catch a fitful glimpse of a dark-gray ceiling, rolling dimly away lilce n cloud, and lieavy bnllrcsses. apparently bending under the snpcrincnmbenl weight, pro ject their enormous musses from the shadowy wall. Thu scene is vast, solemn, and awful. In the silence that pcr- 4'25 MAN MAN Tides, you cii. .iistincUy hear Ihe throbbings of your hear . InAuduhon Avenue, IcaUins from the hall, is a deep well of pure spriuK «ater, surrounded hy stalagmite columns from the floor to the roof. The LUUe Mt /feom eontams a pit 2S0 feet deei., and is the resort of myriads of hats. The Grand GuV<-r,i is a vast tunnel, many miles long and lltty feel hi"h. and as wide. At the end of the first quarter of a mile irthe KentiKky CUfi and the CT,«reft,inO feet ..i diameter and G3 feet high. A natural pulpit and organ-loft are ..ot wanting. " In this temple religious serviees have frequently been performed." The Gothic Avenne, reached by a fliglit of stairs, is 40 feet wide, 15 feet high, and 2 m. long. Mummies have been discovered here which have been the subject of curious study to science ; there are also stalagmites and stalactites, LoumCi Bmcer, and Tidcan « Funmce. On the walls of the Hegkter Booms are inscribed thousands of names. "The GotMc CTaprf, when illumi- nated with lamps, inspires the beholder with feelings of solemnity and awe." At the foot of the De-mlS Arm Cluur is a small basin of sulphur water. Then there is the Breiisi- work, the ElephanVs Head, Lorer's Leap, GateicoodS Dininy TaUe, and the Cooling riiJ, a basin 6 feet wide and 3 feet deep, of the purest waler-A'n/JoZfon-s Dome, etc., etc. The Bail Room contains an orchestra IS feet high ; near by is a row of cabins for consumptive patients— the atmosphere being always temperate and pure. The Star Chamber presents an optical Ulusion. " In looking up, the spectator seems to see the firmament itself, stadded with star.s and afar off a comet with a bright tail." The Temple is an immense vault, covering an area of two acres, and covered by a single dome of solid rook, 120 feet high. It rivals the celebrated vault in the Grotto of Antiparos, which is said to be the largest in the world. In the middle of the dome there is a large mound of rocks rising on one side nearly to the lop. very steep, and forming what is called the Mountain. The Hivnr Hall descends like the slope of a mountain ; the ceiling stretches away before you, vast and grand, as the firmament at raidniglit. A short distance on the lea is a steep precipice, over which you can look down by the aid of torches upon a broad, black sheet of water, SO feet below, called the Dead Sua. This an awfully impres- sive place, the sights and sounds of whicli do not easily pass from memory. The Mammoth Cave is sai.l to be explored to the distance of ten miles without reaching its termina- tion while the aggregate width of all the brandies is over foriy milea ! Next to Niagara, it is the wonder of nature in the western world, or perhaps throughout aU her domains. Maxack, p. 0., Lowndes county, Ala.: 27 m. S. W. Montgomery. Makauawkis, p. v.. Ocean Co., K Jer. : on Jlanahawkm cr., 4 m. W. Little Ei-g Harbor Bay, « m. S. E. Taunton. It contains 3 churches, several small stores, and about 260 inhabitants. MASALAPAN,p. o.,Monmouth CO, AT. J. : 21 m. E. Trenton. MANAsquAM, p. v., Monmouth co., M. Jer.: on Manas- quam cr., 35 m. E. 91 E. Trenton. M\s\siii-AM river, Jlonmouth counts'. A' Jer.: rises m Freeliold t , and after a S. E. course of 13 m., enters the Alhmlic by Manasquam inlet. The tide-water, 3 m. above its mouth.'is crossed by Squam Bridge. Man-asses Gap, p. o.,Warren eo., Tirg. : the gap is a pass on the Blue Eidge, which here divides the counties of lau- quier and Warren. The Manasses Gap E. K., from Alexan- dria to Front Eoyal, passes tlirough it. Manatawnt, t. and p. o., Berks county, Penn : Gl m E N E. llarrisburg. Drained by Saeony cr., a tributary of Maiden cr. Surface level : soil loam and gravel and ve^y productive. The v. of Kutztown is situated in the ^^ . part o t.. and has a church, 3 stores, and about ',.0 'Iwellit^gs Manatkf.. p. v., llillshoro-co., J>7or. ; on an arm of fepintu Santo B.ay. .37 m. S. Tampa. 241 m. S. S. K. Taihihassee MA.AvrsK, t. and p. v., ruiladetphia .'O., f "«■; ""» »' Ihc suburban districts of Philadelphia, . m. N. N. W. 1 Uila 426 delphia. and ^^ m. W. by S. Harrisburg. It is situate on E. bank Schuylkill river, at the junction of Pliiladelphia and Reading U. K. with the Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norrist^Avn R. K. It has fine water-power, created by tho waste water of the canal. Two bridges cross the Schuylkill river at this place. There is a forge situate here, as also a rolling mill ; the latter produced (in 1S49) 600 tons boiler and flue iron, and otherwise considerable manufacturing aud other business are carried on. Pop. 6,139. MANCuAc.p. v., E. Baton Eouge par., La.: on E. bank Mississippi r., 9 m. 8. Baton Eouge. Mascoac House, p. o., Travis county, Tex.: 11 m. S. Austin City. , MAScnACO, p. v., -Worcester co., Mass. : on a fori ot Blackstone r., 39 m. S. W. Boston. MANCnKTEE, t. and p. v., Hartford CO., Conn. : 9 m. h. ILartford. Drained by Hockanum r., which affords excel- lent water-power. Surface uneven; soil ferUle and pro- ductive. In 1794 the first cotton-mUl in the State was built here. It is a very important manufacturing town. There are several paper-mills, 2 powder-mills, and a number of woolen and other manufactories. The v. is pleasandy sit- uated in the N. of t, on line of the Hartford, Providence, and FishkiU K. E., 23 m. TV. by N. -WiUimantic. Pop. of town, 2.546. .^rr c -nr Maschestee, p. v., Scott county, lU. : 40 m. W. b. w. Springfield. ^ , ..„ o •■, MAXcmffiTEK, p. v., Dearborn county, Ind. ; i2 m. S. L. Indianapolis. .. . „ c MANcnasTF.a, p. v., and cap. Clay co., Ky. : situate on S. side of Little Goose cr., a tributary of Kentucky r., 93 m. S. li. Frankfort. There are salt works iu the vicinity. It con- tains a court-house, etc. „ , _. M.o-cnESTEE, p. v., CarroU county, Md.: 49 m. N. by W. Annapolis. __ JiAKcmsTEE, t. and p. v., Essex county, Mas>. : on Massachusetts Bay, 7 m. N. E. Marblehcad, 21 m N. E. Boston Manchester has a fine harbor, suitable and safe for vessels of moderate draft. Fishing is the chief employ- ment of the inhabitants. The surface of the t. is rough, and the soil varied. Ship-building is carried on to some extent, besides which there are manufactories of leather, boots, «hoes, cabinet-ware, palm-leaf hats, and ships' wheels are manufactured here. The vUlage is pleasantly situated, aud commands a delightful prospect. The Gloucester Branch E. E. passes through it, connecting at Beverly (9 m. Ti^ .) with the Eastern E. E. Pop. of the 1 1,C3S. Maxcuestee, p. 0., Washtenaw co., Mich- : 45 m. 8. E. ^m!"4estee, p. v., St Louis CO., Mo.: on the St. Louis and JeflV-rson City post-road, IS m. W. St. Louis, 98 m. L. Jefl-erson City. , Mascuesteb, t.. p. city, and one of tho capitals ni"*})"f- oiLdi eo K. Hamp. : IS m. S. i E. Concord. Drained by'a number of small streams which disch.arge themselves into the Merrimac r., which forms the W. boundary, and afi-ords excellent water-power. Mass,abesick Pond is on the E border of the t.. from which Cohas brook issues and fiows into the Merrimac river. Surface undulating; soil varied tli.at along the river being easy of cultivation and very productive. The canal by Amoskeag Falls, 1 m. in len"th. Is in this town. These are the largest falls on the Merrimac, having a descent, in the course of a mile, of from 60 to 60 feet There are now iu opcrati.m at this place several large cotton-miUs, owned and operated by the Amoskeng Manufaemring Company, and three by the Stark Mills Corporation, consuming annually 86,000 bales of cot- ton 6:»,ono pounds of potato starch, Sl.OnO g.illons sperm 011,6,700 cords wood, 1,2I10 tons anthracite coal, and pro- du'cin<»39.50(f.0n0 vardsof sheeting, shirting, ticking, denims, merino stripes, aiid cotton fiannel. There is a blue-dyeing establishment cotton warehouses, repair shops, counting- houses, and numerous blocks of dwelling-houses used for MAN MAN boanlins-houses for the operatives, all built of brick, ami neat in appearance. There la an extensive machine-shop anrd. The villages of Tiscat.a- quog and Amoskeag, on the W. side of the r., are connected by these bridges with Manchester, and constitute with it but one place of business. The growth of the city is rapid and unrivaled by any other in the country except Lowell. The Manchester and Lawrence li. R., Concord K. K., and the New Hampshire Central It. R., all diverge from this point, IS m. distant from Concord, The city is lighted with gas. There are 10 churches in the town— '2 Congregational, 1 Kpisodpalian, 3 Baptist, 2 Methodist,! rniversalist. and 1 Unitarian; 2 banks, the Manchesier Bank, capital $125,ii(Kl. and the Amoskeag Bank, capital $150.0110. The "Granite Farmer'" (weekly, agric.), "Manchester Mes.senger" (week- ly). "Manchester American" (weekly, whig"). '* Manchester Mirror" (daily), and ''The Democrat'' (weekly, dem.), are piil)ll>^hcd here. Pop. of t, 13,023. Manchestee, p. 0., Ocean county, A' -Xer.: 35 m. S. E. Trenton. MANeirESTTK, t. and p. v., Ontario county, K. Y. : 1?3 m. "W. by N. Albany. iJrained by outlet of Canandaigua Lake. Surface undulating; soil sandy loam and clay, un- derlaid by lime, and very fertile, b^^ng well ada])ted to wheat. There is a sulphur .cpring in the E. part of town, called Clifton Springs, of some celebrity. The v. is situate on Canandaigua oullet, and contains several churches^ Btorcs, a woolen factnry, a furnace, 35 dwellings, and about 2.'>0 inhabitants. There arc in the t. a number of manufac- tories. Pop. oft 2.940. MANcnESTEE, p. V.. Aflams co., Ohio: 91 m. S. by "W. Columbus. Pleasantly situate on theN. side of the Ohio r. Mancuester, t. and p. o,. York co., PeJin. : situate on the S. side Susquehanna r., between Conewngo cr. and Codonis creek, 15 m. S. E. ITarrisburg. Surface uneven ; soil fer- tile. There are several distiHeries. a flour and grist mill, and saw-mills. There is a hot lilast furnace situate here, the annual capacity of which is 1,400 tons. Pop. of t. 6.139. MANrnESTFn, p. v.. Sumter dist., S. Car. : 31 m. E. S. E. Columbia. The Wilmingtnn and Manchester B. P. passes itl."iti m. frnra Wilminglnn. and m. from the junction. Mancuester, p. v., and cap. CnfTc-Q co., T^?/}}. : on a fork of Buck r., W. part of county. 49 m. S. E. Nashville. MAKcnrjiTEB. t., p. v., and cap. Bennington co., Vrnn. : SI m. S.W. Montpelier. Situate between the Green and Equi- nox mountains. The scenery is very beautiful, Prained by Battenkill r. and its branches, which afford gnod water- power. The soil along the water-course is good, but the principal part of the t- is better adapted to grazing than till- age. There are extensive quarries of beautiful marble, and alBO several manufactories, saw-mills and grist-mills. The v. is pleasantly situate in the centre of t. on an elevation. The Western Vermont E. E. passes through it 30 m. from Kutland. Pop. 1,732. MANcnnsTKP., p. v., Chesterfield co., Vug. : on the W. bank of James r., 2 m. below Richmond. Mayn's Bridge connects the v. with Ki( hmond. It contains several facto- ries and mills, 4o0 dwellings, and about 2,0i)0 inhabitants. Immense water-power is furnished by tho fails at this place. Manchester Bridgk, p. o., Duchess co., X. Y. : 03 m. S. Albany. MiVNcnKSTER Centre, p. c, Ontario co., JV. Y. : isl m. W. by N. All.iany. Maxouester Station, p. o., Ilurtford co., Omit. : m.E. Ilartfnrd. Manpana, p. v.. Onondaga co., A'i Y.: near Skaneatles Lake. 141 m. W. by N. Al!>auy. Mani>arin, p. v., Duval co., Flor.: on E. bank of St. John's r., 105 m. E. Tallahassee. Mandeville, p. v., St. Tammany par., La. : on N. bank of Lake Pontchartrain, 63 ni. E. J S. Baton liouge, and 13 m. E. Pass Manchac. Maxgohick, p. 0., King "William co., Vh-'j. : 27 m. N. E. Eichmond. Manuasset, p. v.. Queens co., X. Y. : at the head of Cow- Neck, 127 m. S. Albany. Manhattan, p. v., Putnam CO., Ind.: 39 m. "W. S. W. Indianapolis, 2 m. W. Eel river. Manhattan, t.and p. v., Lucas co., Ohio .'in m.N.byW. Columbus. Situate at the mouth of the Maumee r., which divides it in two parts, and bounded on the N. E. by Mau- mee Bay. Drained by the Maumee and Ottawa rivers, and the Wabash and Erie Canal terminates here. Snrface level ; soil fertile. Pop; 541. Manhattan island. {See New York City). Maniiattanville. p. v., New York co., iV. )'.• on the line of the Hudson Biver E. E., S ra. from City Hall, New York, 130 S. Albany. Situate on the E. side of ihe Hudson river, contains several stores and a white-Iea3 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Manona county, /(/. Situate N. "W., and contains "SO sq. ra. Drained by Little Lion and Soldier rivers, affluents of (he Missouri, its AV. boundjiry. Unorganized in 1S50. Manor, t. and p. v., Lancaster co., /Vyn. .' on the N. side of Susquehaima r., 31 m. S. E. Harrisburg. The Conesloga r. forms its S. E. boundary, by which .and its branches it is watered. Surface billy ; soil fertile. It has several flouring, grist, and saw mills. Pop. of t. 3,S26. MANon.sta.. Suffolk co., A^ 1'. ; on the Long Island R.R., 66 m. E. New York. Manor Hill, p. o., Huntingdon co., PtH?!. ; 65 m. "W. Harrisburg. Manorville, p. a, SuITulkco., A' Y.: 131 ra. S. by E. Albany. Mansfield, t. and p. v., Tolland co.. Conn.: 23 m. E. Hartford. Drained by Nntchaug r. and its branches, tribu- taries of "W'illimantic r., which hitter bounds it on the AV, Surface uneven— in parts liilly ; soil fertile. It has excellent water-power. This t, is important for ila silk manufactories, which are the most extensive in the United Stales. Besides the silk, tliere arc cotton and other factories iu the town. 42S The V. is situate on N. side of the t, near the New London, AVillimantic, and Palmer R. K., 36 m. N. New London. EagleviUe is the name of a v. in \V. part of t., situate on the railroad. Pop. of t. 2,530. Mansfield, p. v., De Soto par., La. : on a small cr. flow- ing into Big Pierre Lake, 115 ra. N. AV. Baton R«mge. It contains the court-house of the parish. The ''Mansfield Advertiser'' (lit) is issued weekly. Mansfield, t. and p. v., Bristol co.. Mam, : 24 m. S. by W. Boston. Drained by branches of Taunton r. Surface level ; soil good. This place bids fair to be of some imporUinee as a coal region, A mine of anthracite coal is situate here (discovered 20 years ago), the vein 5 feet in thickness, dip- ping to N. AV. ; besides which there are numerous other veins. The coal is of fine quality. There are several cotton and wool manufactories, as also a nail factory. Mansfield sta. is in N. part of t., on the Boston and Providence R. R., at which place the New Bedford and Taunton, and Taunton Eraneh R. R. diverges. Pop. of t. 1,7S9. Mansfield, p. v., AVarren co., N. Jer, : 37 m. N. N. AV. Trenton. The Morris Canal passes through the village. Mansfield, sta., Cattaraugus co.. K. Y. : on the Corning and Blossburg R. R., 2-5 m. from Corning. Mansfield, p. o., Ileury county, Tenn. : 83 ra. AV. by N. Nashville. Mansfield, p. v., and cap. Richland co., Ohio: on the S,indusky, Mansfield, and Newark R. E., 67 m. N. by E. Columbus. It is pleasantly situated, and has a court-house, jail, 2 churches, several stores and workshops, and a largo number of dwellings. There are 5 papers published here, the "Richland Democrat" (dem.), '* Richland Jeffersonian" (whig), "Shield and Banner" (dera.), "Mansfield Herald" (whig), the "Rainbow" (lit.). Pop. of t. 3.557. Mansfield, p. v., Kendall county, III.: 135 m. N. E. Springfield. Mansfield, p. o., Tioga co., Penn.: 113 m. N. by AV. Harrisburg. Mansfield, p. c, Louisa county, Ylrg.: 37 m. N. AV. Richmond. Mansfield Cextkb, p. v., Tolland co., Conyi.: ou the cross roads, in S. E. part of Mansfield 1., near Natchaug r., 25 m. E. Hartford. Mansfield Dep6t, p. v., Tolland county, Conn. : on the New London, AVillimantic, and Palmer R. K., 3S m. N. by AV. New L(mdon and 21 m. E. Hartford. Mansfield mountains, Yenn. : a branch of the Green Mountains, which presents some of the loftiest culminations in the State. Mansker's Ceeek, p. 0., Davidson co., Te}in. : 13 m. N. Nashville. MANsritA, p. v., Avoyelles par.. La.: on AV. side of Red river, and about 2 m. N. Mississippi r., 53 m. N. AV. Baton Rouge. M ANTi City, v., Sanpete co., Vt^h Ter. : in a hilly region, nearly 5,000 feet above the sea, and 45 m. N. E. Fillmore City. Manton, p. o., Providence county, li. I.: 11 ra. AV. Providence. Manton, p. 0., Marion county, Kij. : 47 ra. S. hy AV. Frankfort. Mantua, p. o., Pickens county, Ala.: 119 ra. N. AV. Montgomery. Mantuta, p. o., M'Minn county, Tcnn.: 125 m. S. E. Nashville. Mantua Centre, p. o., Portage co., Ohio: 125 m. N. E, Columbus. Manville, p.T., Providence CO., /?. L: on the Bl.ickstono river, and line of Providence and AVorceatcr R. R., 12 m. N. Providence. Manwauing's, p. o., Shelby county, Ind,: 23 m. S. E. Indianapolis. JL\ON. p. 0., Panola co., J/it*'. .'133 ra. N. Jackson. Mai'Le, p. o., Ionia co., Mich. : at the junction of Maple MAP MAR river with First cr., brandies of Grand river, -5 ni. K. W. Lansing. SIapi.f:, p. o., Brown co., 0?do : SI ni. S. S. V,'. Cnlumbus. Mapi.e river, J//fA. ; a considerable slreani, rising near the eeiilre of Shiawassee co., aiul pursuing a X. W. eourse Ihruugh Shiawassee, etc., into Gratinl. and Iheii a S. W. course through Gratiot, do., into Ionia co., where it. enters the Grand river, aliout S m. below tlie mouth of Looking- glass river. It is 00 yards wide at its muutli, and is not less tlian Ht'J miles long. The bottoms on ttiis stream are exeeedingty rich and fertile. JI.VPI.E Bottom, p. o., Iredell county, JV. Car.: 110 ni.W. Eal.igh. Maplb Ckeee, p. 0., "U'ashingtun co., Peiiri. : 160 m. W. Harrisburg. Maplk Furnace, v., Butler co., PeJin. : 109 m. "W. N. "W. Harrisl)urg. There is a coal blast furnace here (constructed in l-^iS) which has an annual capacity of 1,-iOO tons. Maple Grove, t. and p. o., Barry county, Mifk. : 31 m. 6. S. W. Lansing. Drained by a small er.. tributary of Big Fork of Thorn-apple r. f»urface undulating; soil fertile; abounds in fine timber lands. Pop. 153. Mai'LE Geove, p. o., Aroostook co., M^. : 133 m. Jf. E. Augusta. Maple Grove, sta., Berkshire co., ^f^ls■9. : on PitL'^field and North Adams E. R., 13 m. rittsfield, 107 m. TY, by N. Boston. Maple Grovk, p. o., Knox county, Ohio: 35 m. N. E. Columbus. Maple Ghove, p. o., Otsego county, X. Y.: S5 m. "W, Albany. Maple Hill, p. o., Davidson co., y. Ctrr. : 85 m. W. Ealeigh. Maple Springs, p. o., Red River co., T&r. : 2S5 m. N. E Austin City. Maplesvillk, p. v., Bibb county, Ala. : on N. side of Mulberry cr.. 41 m. N. W. Montgomery. Mapletok, p. o., Abbeville dist., iS. Cur.: 70 m. W Columbia. Mapleton% p. o., Niagara Co., j\\ 3'. ; 271 m. W. by N Albany. Mapletox, p. o., "Waukesha county, TT'iV*. ; oO ni. E. Mauis City. Its princijtal af- fluents are Osage Fork and Big r. from tlieS. and Bourbeuse cr. from the "W., besides many smaller streams from both directions. The river is about 13U m. long, and navigable for steaml)oa« 60 miles. Marathon county, Witr. Situate N. middle, and eon- tains about 5.100 sq. m. Drained by Wisconsin r and its branches, heads of Black and Chippewa rivers, and of Montreal r. of Lake Superior. Many of the rivers have lakes, or chains of lake.*?, at their sources, and most furnish water-power. The surface is much varied, and pans are very liilly. The soil is various, with much excellent i;;r;un land, and is generally well timbered. Only the S. is \Lt settled, and that but sparsely. Farms 7; mannf. 15; dwell. 76, and pop.— wh. 5(jS, fr. col. 0— total 5D8. CajuUil: Wassau. Maratuox, t. and p. v., Cortlandt co,, K. Y.: 1'23 ni. "W. J S. Albany. Drainecl by Tioughnioga r. and its branches, which pass tbroug;!! the town. Surface undulat- ing; soil gravelly loam, intermini^led witli lime and slate, and very fertile. The v. is situate on the E. side of the Tioughnioga. Pop. of t. 1,140. Marathon, p. o., Clermont county, Ohio: Sd m. S. "W. Columbus. Makiile Creek, p. o.. Jessamine co., Ay. ; 2G m. S. E. Frankfort. Marhle Dale, p. o., Litchfleld co.. Conn.: 37 m. "W. Hartford. Marble Furnace, p. o., Adams co., Ohio : 01 m. S. by W. Cohnnbus. Marble Hall, p. o., Hawkins co., Teii^i. : 203 m. E. by X. Nashville. Maubleuead, p. 0., Ottowa county, Ohio: 107 m. N. Columbus. MARiiLF.nEAP, t.,p. v., and port of entry, Essex co., J/i/.N-.». ,- 14 m. N. E. Boston. Situate on a peninsula formed by the harbor of Salem on the N. and Naliant Bay on ihe S. Sur- face elevated and rocky. The v. is pleasantly loeated on a deep inlet of the coast called the harbor, ami is accessililo lo the largest vessels; and a branch of the Eastern R. U. comes up here. The people are noted for their devotion to the fisheries and coast navigation. The clearances in the foreign trade in 195') numbered 176 vessels (11.114 tou'^), and the entrances 177 vessels (12,0S6 tons)— nearly all for- eign shipping from the British provinces. Shipping owned in the district 6,S42 tons, of which 2,2S1 tons were employed in coasting, 2,0S0 tons in the cod fisheries, and 24S Ions in the mackerel fisheries, etc. Coasting steamers touch at tliia point several times daily. Pop. of the t. 6.1G7. Marrlehead, p. o., Gilmer county, Ga.: 135 m. N. ■S\'. Millcdgeville. Marble Hili.. p. v.. Prince Edward co., Vtrg.: on a fork of Appomattox r., 00 m. S. W. Richmond. Marble Hill, p. o., Franklin county, Teii/i.: 01 m. S. Nashville. .Marbletoavk, t. and p. v., Ulster coimty, K Y.: 57 m. S. by W. Albany. Drained by Esopns er. on the N. E. and Rondout Kill on the S. E.. both whieli aff«rd cxeelK-nt water-ptiwer. The Shawangunk Mountains are in the S. IC. part of town. Surface hilly; soil on the mountains barren, an', p. 0., Mercer county, Ohio: 139 m.W. N.W. Columbus. Makiaville, t, and p. o., Hancock co., dfe. : 75 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Union r. and its branches. Surface uneven ; soil good. The river alfords extensive water- power, which keeps several mills in active operalion, Thero is a great quantity of lumber sent from here. Piitatocs and wool are the chief agricultural products. Pop. 375. MAl'.IA^^LI.E, p. o., Schenectady co., AC Y. : 26 m.^W. by N. Albany. Marietta, p, v.. and cap. Cobb co., Ga.: 7 m. VT. by N. Chatlahoochie r., 100 m. N.W. Milledgeville. The Western and Atlantic P. P. passes through it 20 m. from Alalanla. It contains the county buildings, 2 academics, and about 150 dwellings. The " M. Advocate'' (dem.), and " Const it iitional Union" (union), ore issued weekly, and "Masonic Jounial," monthly. The business of a fine agricultural region centres at this point. Marietta, p. v., Fulton co., PI. : on S. side Sheen's cr., 61 m. N. W. Sjiringfield. Situate on a fertile prairie. Marietta, p, o,, Onondaga county, AC 1'. ; 137 W. by N- Albany. Marietta, p. v., Shelby county, Ind. : on the E. branch While r., 27 m. S. E. Indianapolis, and on the Shelbyvillo Lateral Branch P. P., 7 m. from Edinburg. Marietta, t., p. v., and cap. Washington co., Ohio: 87 m. S. E. Columbus. Its W. part is crossed by tlie Muskingum river at its entrance into the Ohio river. The Ohio bounds it in the S. W., and it is drained by Buck cr. and Litdo Muskingum r. The streets are well laid oxA and thickly built. There is a court-house, jail, U. S. land office, a bank- ing establishment, all handsomely built, and forming nrna- nu'iits to the place. Several mounds are iV)und in the vicinity. The Marietta College is situate here, founded in 1S35, having (in 1S50) a pn-sidcnt, 6 professors, 113 alumni, of whom 44 aro in the ministry, and 55 student**, with a library containing G.400 vulumes. The t. was founde'l in 17S5, and is the oldest in the State. There are a number of steam saw-mills, flourlng-mills, tanneries, foundries, and other factories here. The v, is pleasantly situate on (he N. bank of the Ohio r., at the mouth of the Muskingum river. There arc two newspapers jjublishcd in the villagi^, the " M. Intelligencer" (whig), and the " M. Pepublicau" (dem.), both weekly issues. Marietta is destined to be a place of considerable business, and it.s future railroad connections ■will give it direct access to the principal centres. Several steamboats are owned here, and ply regularly to Piltf«burg, Cincinnati, etc. Pop. of the t 4,292, of which 3,133 are in the village. Marietta, p, 0., Itawamba county. Misx. : 1.59 m. N. E. Jackson. Marietta, p. b., Lancaster county, Penn.: 25 m. S. E, llarrisburg, on the E. bank of Susquehanna r., and near tiio mouth of Little Chlques cr. It contains about 1,000 in- habitants. Mai:ix county, Calif. Situate W. middle, and contains 510 sq. m. Bounded W. by the Pacific, and E. by Pablo Bay, and lies on the N. side of the entrance to San Fran- ciseo Bay. The streams are small, American river fiowing W.. and Petaluma cr. S. E., arc the principal. The surface is broken with extensive valleys. Soils very productive of wheat and most other grains, and generally well woiuled. Pop. about 1,03G. Capital: Pan Raphael. Marine Miu;s, p. v.. St. Croix co., TlTsc: on E. side of St. Croix r., 225 m. N. W. Madison, Marine Setti-ement, p, 0., Madison co., PI.: 71 m. S. Springfield, near Silver cr., on a rich and fertile prairie. Map.ion county, Ala. Situate N. W., an\ Situate centrally, and con- tains 21,ii(:uns 1,033 sq. m. Draiiu-d by Great and Little Pedce rivers, and Lynch's cr. and their branches, Lumber r. and Jeffries and Catfish creeks. Surface level, nmch of it, low and marshy; soil generally of good ftrlilily, and many parts best adapted to grazing. Corn and cotton are the principal crops. Tho marshes produce considerable rice. Many cattle are raised and trreat quantities of pork fatted. It ha>; a larg<- growth Of pitch-pine limber. Farms 1,374; manuf. 0; >6, and pop.— wh. 10,4:33. fr. col. 20. si. 94— total 10,552. Capital : Fairmount, PuUic Works: I3altimore and Ohio li. K. Marion, p. v., and cap. Perry county, Ala. : on E. side Washington cr., 61 in. W. N. W. Montgomery. It contains a college, a theological seminary, several schools, a court- bouse, and about 1.500 inhabitants. The "South- Western Baptist" (Baptist) and "Alabama Commonwealth," weekly issues, are published here. Howard College, situate here, was foundeil gt-uerally fertile. Cotton is the chief i»n)duct. Corn is :i good crop, and large numbers of hogs are reared. It has fiiie water privileges, and valuable manufactures of eottun goods and Hour. Farms, 621; manuf. '2o : :>, fr. col. 150, si. 5,000— total li),7?D. Capital: liennets- Ville. MARi.BORornn. p, o., Hartford cc, Conn.: 5 ra. Hartford. Mari-borougu, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Miit^s.: 25 m. W. Enston. Drained by branches of Concord r., and a number of Rmall ponda. Surface undulating, and soil vtry fertile. Agricultural pur-^uitin arc the chief employment of the in- Iiabitaiils. I'rudiicts of the 1. are large, consisting of cattle, porU,lhe dairy, etc., which are sent to Boston market chiefly by the Lancaster and Stealing Uranch K. U., which passes through the N. W. part of t., at reltou\'ill*-, and connects with road to the city. Manufactures of t. consist of boots, slmes, and cabinet-ware. The v. is pleasantly situated, sur- rouuiled by beautiful scenery. Pop. of t, 2,941. MAnLiioRorcH, t. and p. v., Cheshire county, 2^. Ilaivp.: 41 m. S. W. Concord. Drained by branches of Ashuelot r. Surface uneven : soil rocky, but good for grazing. There arc a numl)er of small ponds in the t. Tliere are several niills, manufactories, and workshops. The v. is in W. i)art, and Uirough it the Cheshire II. li. passes, distant 30 ni. from Fitchburg. Pop. of t, SSO. Maulbokougii, p. 0., Monmouth cc, K. J'-v. : 31 m. K. Trenton. MARLitoT^oirnn, t. and p. v., TTIster co.. K. Y. : G9 m, S. Albany. Drained by Old Man's Kill, flowing into the Hud- son r.. which latter bounds it on the E. Surface very uneven ; soil clay loam, and very fertile. The v. is situate near the Hudsnn r. and Old ^[an's Kill. It contains several lumber yards, manuf.ictorics, etc. Poji. of t. 2,4(i5. MAKLnor.ouGii, t. and p. v., Stark co,, Ohio : 107 m. N. E. Colunilnis. Drained by scvcr.il small streams. Surface vmevcn ; soil very good, abounding with beech and sugar maple. The v. in N. E. part of t. is a thriving setllcnictit. Pop. of t. 2,13:1. MART.noiioL'cn, t. and p. o., phosWr oo., Penn . : 63 m. S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by several small streams flowing into the Delaware. Surface rollitig; soil, red shale. Iron ore is found in the vieiinty. MARUtORoirr.n, t, and p. v., Windham co., T«rw. ; 99 m. S. Montpelier. Drained by a branch of AVi-st r. and Whet- stone brook. Siirt'ace rolling : soil fertile, and vt-ry pro- ductive of all kinds of grain, fruit, and potators. There are some mineral and medicinal springs in the t. ; and it has several stores, mills, and workshops. Tlio v. is In X. ]>art of L, through which the l!raltleboro' and Bennington i)ost- road passes. Pop. of t. S9ii, MAnLDRooK, p. o., Heini)stea(l C9., A/A: : 115 m. S. W. Little Bock. Marley's Mills, p. o., Bandolph co., X. Cur. : 71 m. "W. E-alcigh. Marlin Bottom, p. o., Pocahontas co., ]!/•(/. : 147 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Marlow, t. and p. t., Cheshire co., X. Ihimp. : "W. by S. Concord. Drained by Ashuelot r. Surface level ; soil gnod. The v. is silu.ite N. of the r. The t. has several mills and workshops. Pop. 7ii^. Marlton, p. o., Burlington co.. A' X : 2.3 m. S. Tren'ou. Mari'LE, t. and p. o., Delaware eo., ren/i. : S'J m. E. S. E. TIarrisbnrg. Pop. 902. Marquette county, Mirh. Situate N. W. on Tpper Pe- ninsula, and contains 3,SftO sq. m. It ton- Ik-s Lake Superior on the N. E., and is drained by Eseonaba, Ford, and heads of Menoinonoe r., flowing into Green Bay and Stur- geon and Ontonagon rivers of Lake Superior. Surface diversified, but not rugged or very hilly. Soil of moderate G3 fertility. Covered largely with immense forests of pine, wlueh constitute the chiel wralih of this region. The t-treams arc small, but are supposed to furnish abundant water-jjower to work up tlie timber wliicli must, ere long, be very valuable. It is little visited except by Imuters and iUr traders. Uuor- ganizcil in 1S50. Mar(jueite county, }Vi--ir. Situate S. centrally, and con- tains SOO sq. m. Draiudl by the Neenah or Fox r. and its branches. In the S. are 3 large ponds, Buffalo, Puckaway, and Green lakes; and the streams furnish much water- power. Surface beautifully diversified ; soil of great fer- tility, producing grass or grain in profusion, and furnisliing excellent jjasturage. Corn, wheat, live-stock, and pork, are the leading ])roducts. The facilities for manufacturing are very superior, and good timljcr is abundant I'arms 327; manuf. 7 ; dwell. 177S, and pop.— wh. 8,622, fr. col. 20— total S,642. Capital: Marquette. Marquette, I., p. v., and cap. Marquette co., ITwc..' 45 m. N. Ma'enochee r. Surface level, or table land ; soil fertile. Pop. 539. Marsh, p. o., Chester county, Penn.: 59 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Mar-shall county, Ala. Situate N. E., and contains 645 sq. m. Drained N. by the Tennessee and its branches; 9. by Mulberry and Locust forks of the Black Warrior. Sur- face uneven, in parts broken ; soil very productive. Cotton is the great staple, and the crop very large. Com yields well generally, and pork is a considerable export. It has fine water privileges, and valuable and increasing maim- factures. I'arms 5S0; manuf. 12; dwtU. 1,301, and pop. — wh. 7,953, fr. col. 25, si. SOS— total S,S46. Capital: War- renton. Public Wur/cs: Alabama and Tennessee Eiver Bailroad. Marsuall county, PI. Situate N. centrally, and contains 472 sq. m. Intersected by the Illinois, and drained by its branches, Crow, Sand, and Senachwino creeks. Surface level or gently undulating. Soil very rich, ctmsisting of l.irge prairies, and heavily wooded alluvial bottoms. Corn and wheat are the leadiiig crops. The i)asturage is superior, and raising cattle and sheep much atteu'led to. Farms404 ; manuf. 11; dwell. 910, and pop. — wh. 5,17S, fr. eol. 2— total 5,1S0. Cajntal: Lacou. Public WurAs : Illinois Cen- tral R. K. Marshall count}*, /iir?. Situate N. middle, and cont,'iiu« 442 sq. m. Drained by Yellow r. centrally, and Pine cr. N. W., branches of Kankakee r., and S. E. by Tippecanoe r. Surface mostly level, sometimes rolling, anine timber, which furnish large quantities of lumber, lar, pitch, and turpentine for ex- portation. Farms 510; raanuf 17; dwell. 923, and pop. — ■wh. 4,615, fr. col. 325, si. 3,367— total s,307. Capital: Williamston. Maietin, t. and p. o., Allegan county, Mich.: 51 miles W. S. W. Lansing. Drained by a branch of the Kalama- zoo and Rabbit rivers. Surface undulating; soil varied, in most parts fertile. It has extensive wooded plains. Pop. 329. Martlvdale, p. 0., Mecklenburg co., N". Car. : 109 m. B. W. Raleigh. Martixdale, sta., Rensselaer co., N. Y.: on Il.nrlem R. R., 35 m. E. Albany. Martinez, p. v.. Contra Costa co., Calif. : on the S. shore of the Strait of Carquines, between San Pablo and Suisun bays. It is favoral)Iy situate for commerce, and has been commenced under such auspices as to insure its fumre pros- perity. The strait is here about a mile wide, and on the opposite shore are the cities of Vallejo, the State capital, and Benicia. MARTiNSBmio, p. v., Washington co., Ind. : S9 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. It is a small v., in S. E. part of co., con- taining about 200 inhabitants. Martinsburg, t., p. v., and cap. Lewis co.. K Y. : 119 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Martin's cr., which flows into Black r., which latter bounds it on the E. Surface undulat- ing; soil fertile loam, well adapted to grain. The v. is situ- ate on the post-road between l*tica and Ogdensburg, and contains a court-house, jail, female academy, hauking-honse, and Several fine stores. There is a valuable lead mine in the vicinity. Pop. of t 2,677. MARTiKSBtTRG, p. V., Knox CO., Ohio: on a tribuLary of the Muskingum r, 39 m. N. E. Olumbus. It contains 90 dwellings, and about 5"J0 inhabitants. MAUTissituKG, p. v., Pike CO., III.: 63 m. S. S. W. Springfield. Martinsbitrg, p. v., Ripley co., Mo. : on a branch of Current r., 153 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Martinsburg, p. v., Blair co., Penn. : near a fork of Clover cr., 75 m. W. Ilarri-sburg. There is a blast furnace here with an annual capacity of 1,500 tons. MARTiNSBtrRG, p. V., nuti c.ip. Berkeley co., Yirg. : on tlie Baltimore and Ohio U. R., IDul from Harper's Ferry, and i;U m. N. by W. Richmond. The "Virginia Republican" (wliig), and "Virginia Patriot" (dem,), are issued weekly. Martinsburg enjoys a large country business, and ha3 several considerable manufacmring establishments. It con- tains the court-house and county offices, and is well pro- vided with schools and churches. Pop. about 2,000. Martin's Creek, p. o., Northampton co., Ptim. : 89 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Martin's Creek, p. o., Carroll co., Teiin. : 95 m. E. by S. Nasliville. Martin'6 Creek, p. o., Pickens district, S. Car.: on an affluent of Savannah River so called, 119 in. N. W. Columbia. Martin's Dep6t, p. o. and sta., Laurens dist., S. Car.: .'J2 ra. N. W. Columbia. The p. o. was fiirinerly called Huntsville, and the sta. ia 16 m. from Newberry court-house on the Laurens R. R. Martin'8 Ferry, p. o., Belmont county, Ohio: 117 m. E. by N. Columbus. Martin's Ferry, sta., Merrimac co., K. Uamp. : on the Merriinac r., and on line of the Concord E. R., 13 m. from Concord. Martin'8 Hill, p. a, Chemung CO., A'". 3*. ; 165 m, W. by S. Albany. Martin's Landino. p. o.. Perry co.. Lid. : on N. side of Ohio r.. Ill m. S. by W. Indianapi:)li9. Martin's Lime Kilns, ]). o., Stokes co., 2T. Car.: 101 m N. W. Raleigh. Martin's JIills, p. o., Buchanan co., M-x : 157 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Martinsville, p. v., Clark co., PI.: on the E. side of N. fork of Einbarras r., 95 m. E. by S. Springfield. Martinsville, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 39 m. S. E. Harrisburg. Martinsville, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Tnd.: about half a mile E. of the E. fork nf White r.. and W. terminus of the Martinsville R. R., 25 in. S. W. Indianapolis. Tlie county court-house and other i>ublie buildings are situate here. The "Morgan County Gazette" (neut.) is a weekly issue. Pop. about 600. Martinsville, p. v., Somerset co., iV. Jer., : on N. bank of liaritan r., 29 m. N. Trenton. Martinsville, p. v., Clinton co., Ohio: at the hend of E. fork Little Miami r., 59 m. S. W. Columbus. It con- taias several stores, a steam-mill, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabit.^nts. Martinsville, p. o., Niagara co., N. Y. : 273 m. W. by N. Albany. Martinsville, p. v.. Henry co., Virff. : near Smith's r., a branch of Dan r., 14^3 m. S. W. Richmond. The county court-house and other public buildings are situate here, and it contains about ISO inlmbitanta. Martville, p. v., Cayuga co., A^ Y. : 15t m. N. W. Albany. It is situate on Little Sodus cr., and contains sev- eral mills, etc., and about 260 inhabitants. Marvel, p. v., Vernon co., 3fo. : on the N. side of Marais des Cygnes r., 129 m. W. S. W. JefTerson City. Marvin, p. o., Chautauque co., K Y.: 277 m. W. by 8. Albany. Mary, p. o., Puhaski co., Ar^\ Mary (or IIitmboldt) river. Hah T^'r.: rises by two branches in the HumboUlt River Mouulaius, in Weber and Tooele counlies, ninning W. 95 m., and S. 63 m., empties into Humboldt Lake. 435 MARYLAND. THE STATE OF MARYLAND. Mabyiand the most southern part of that division of the United States of America usually called the "Middle States " is situate between the latitudes 8S0 and 89° 43' north, and between the longitudes 76° 03' and -90 32' we^t from Greenwich, or 20 31' and 1° 5j' east from Washington. lis outline is extremely irregular, except on the north and east, where Mason and Dixon's line constitutes the frontier, and separates Maryland from the oiljoining states of I'ennsxlvama and Delaware. On the south the Potomac River, with a winding channel and circuitous general course, is its hmilary stream and divides it from Virginia. The main body of the eastern section is bounded by Delaware Slate line ; but a narrow strip, projecting eastward to the sea, intrudes itself between that Slate and the Virginia portion of Chesapeake peninsula The periphery of the State is wlimated 10 be about TC6 miles, namely : from the mouth of Potonuic Kivcr U> the source of its north branch, .320 miles : tlienee north to the Pennsylvania line, 35 miles ; thence along that Ime cost, ward 199 miles; thence along the west an.l south line of Delaware, 122 miles; thence along the Atlantic Ocean, 32 mdes; thence across the peninsula to the mouth of Poeomoke Kiver, 2(1 n>iles : .and direelly west to the confluence of Potomac Eiver with Chesapeake Bay, Ihe place of beginning, about 3S miles. Within this outline is contained a snperflc.es of :3.959 square miles ; but of tliis extent only 9.674 square mUes are land, the residue being covered by the waters of Chesapeake Bav and its numerous inlets and bays. .. , . Maryland is naturally divided into three dUlinct geographical sections, thefrst section comprises that port.on lying to the east of Susquehanna Eiver and Clf^apeake Bay, known locally as the ■' Eastern Shore," and which contains the counties of Worcester, Somerset, Dorehosler, Talbot, Carolhie, Qneen Anne, Kent, and Cecd. It forms a part of that Ion- peninsula which, projecting southward toward and into the Atl.antic Ocean, divides the waters of Chesapeake and Delaware bavs, and which, though of very limited extent, comprises the .whole of one slate, and portions of two others. The surface if the whole tract is"^level. and but slightly elevated above the sea ; and in every part its soils are more or lcs3 sandv, but, in their g.meral character, may be eonsidere.i as above the average in respect of their adaptation to the pur- poses of agriculture. Few rocks are found in any pari, and ihe mineral deprsils arc chiefly bog-iron ore, chromes, etc.. with aluminous and magnesia salts. Marl, ,,l,ell-lime, marsh mud, peat or turf, and other agents used as fertilizers abound. In ihe norlh.-rn districts of this region, however, the country is hilly, and in some parts has a rocky subslratum-tho rocks chiefly sandstone and slate. The forest growths consist principally of oaks of various species, hickory, chestnut, pine, locust, walnut, eedar, gum, beech, an.l a great variety of shrub and herbaceous annuals. Wheat, Indian com, and Jobacco are the staple productions; and in the more southern eounti™, the cotton plant is .said to succeed well. Tho climate is temperate, and highly favorable to the enjoyment and extended duration of hfe. The land area of tins section is computed at 3.8S6 sqare miles, or 2,167.040 acres. The peninsula, of which this portion of Maryland forms a part, .3 about ISO miles in lenglh from Ihe norlh Ime of the State to Cape Charles, and has an area of about 6 9S0 square miles; the neck between the inclosing bavs is only about 17 miles wide ; but as it stretches southward, it expands gradually to the width of 70 miles an.l then as gradually contracts until it terminates in a long, narrow t.mgue, called Aocomac reiiin- 8ula, about 60 miles in lengrh and 10 miles wi.le. The eo.ast on the Chesapeake is deeply indented by numerous spacious gulf; and estuaries ; such as those at the confluence with Ihe hay of the Pocomoke, Nanticoke, Chopt-ank, Chester, and Elk rivers each receiving considerable streams from the interior and afl-ording great facUitics to navigation. The eastern coast pre enfs a striking contrast when compared with the western coast. "Between the ocean and the e.iltivated por U,n of the eonnlrv. there is a pr.Jonged sandy beach, varying from a few hundred yards to a quarter of a mile or upward in brea.llh. an.l extending the whole length of Ihe cast, without a single outlet to the ocean, from Indian I.iver, in Delaware, to the suntain,^or Blue Ridge, crossing it at Harper's Ferry : the Kiltatinny, crossing it at Hancock ; Eu-^ed Mountain. Wills Mountain, and other detachi^d ridges: and the great Alleghany ridge, traversing the far weslern cart of the Stale Manv flne valleys iiileriie tlie mounlains. which in climate and soil are not surpassed by the most fav.red regions of the earth, 'fhis section exten.ls al.,iig the left hank of the Potomac to the western boundary of the Slate, an.l foliowin- Ihe sinuosities of the river, is neariy 17.=. mil.-s in lenglh. but so irregular in shape, that though it is m..re than 100 miles wUle at the eastern end, it is compressed in the mi.ldle by the near approach of the border lines of \ irgiina an.l Pennsylvania to a width of less than 3 miles. From the base of the primitive le.lge. which is. in fact, a h.wer branch of the Annalachian chain, the surface gradually rises to the head waters of Ihe Potomac River 2,n(i0 or more feet This renrcsenls the rise from tidewater at Baltimore to the dividing grounds in All.^ghany I'ounly, between the waliTs of the Potomac and lh.«c falling into Ohio River. Embraced in this section are Carroll, Fre.lerick, V. ashington, and All.-ghany counties, whii-htogclher cover an area of 2..'i90 square mill's, or 1.0.57.600 acres. , , T, ■ Ch.'saneake Bay which divides the State info two unequal parts, in its greatest exlent, lies wilhm Marylan.i. It is a noble sheet of water, equaled in its commercial cap.acilles by few of the great estuaries that in various pin-ls of the wort.l have altracted the notice and admiration of the mariner. Its entrance h.lween Cape Charles an. Cape Henry, in Yir..inia is about 1.^ miles in width, an.l opens from east to west; but on penetrating the land it su,ld..nly changes lU direction an.l slrefch.-s fr.im south to i,..rth ovvr a .listancc of ISO miles, will, a wi.Uh m the sonlhern p.art of 2 1 to 30 miles, and in the north.rn part of about 10 miles. It is, Ihroiiglioul, deep and navigable for large vessels, and il receives 430 MARYLAND. a ^rcat many tk-cp and navjgahk' rivurs, "f whuli tlic largest ami iirincipal are from Virginia. Its area is about 8.500 Bquare miles. The Susquehanna Uivcr has its luwer cimrse in Marjhmii ; llie tide reaches Port Deposil 5 miles (yum ita mnulli, abn\e which tliere are lalls; the Patapscu lliver is a tine mill stream falling into the bay of tlie same name below Ealtimnre; the Paluxent, the prineipal river of the Western Shore, i? a wide siream. flowing nearly parallel with the Potomac, and navigable to Nottingham, about 50 miles, t'mr large vessels; the Elk. Chester, ChoptanU, Nanticoke, and Pocomoko. on the Eastern Shore, are navigable for 3(1 or 40 miles; and the iMonoeacy Kiver, Anlielam and Coneeo- cheague creeks are the principal tributaries of l!ie Poloniae in Maryland. All these contribute to the Tohinie of llic waters of Chesapeake Bay, and, in llieir several courses, furnish fine avenues of internal trade, or provide waier-power sufficient for all the purposes of extensive manufacturing operations. The Puloraac, common to Virginia and Maryland, forming the boundary between the two, is the most imporlant of all the streams of the latter, and the largest of the tributaries of the Chesapeake. It rises in the recesses of the Alleghany Mountains, and reaches the bay between Point Lookout and Smith's Point, This river is ~{- miles wide at lis mouth, and navigable for ships of the greatest burden for 800 miles from the sea, 3 miles below the head of tide-water. Above this point, the naiigation is obslructed by a succes- sion of falls, around which, however, eanals have been dug, and the navigable channel so far improved as lo render the river passable for boats to Cumberlannly river of Maryland that does not empty its waters into Chesapeake Bay ; it flows norlhward through Alleghany Ct>unty. and passing mio Pennsylvania, falls into Mnnongahela P.iver, 18 miles south-east of I'itl^burg; and thence its waters are carried tlirough the ()hio and Mississippi rivers to the Gulf of Mexico. To comprehend the geology of Maryland.* we must understanmetimes the Atlantic slope; and of the great Apalachian chain, which includes the greatest variety of rocks and the m()St import^mt formations. Commencing at the ocean and proceeding westward, we find a low and almost level region. This plain extcU'ls from New Jersey through the Southern Slates. As the soil composing this plain consists of incoherent materials, which are easily washed away, the tide flows across it and forms large estuaries, where it meets the rivers wliicli flow from the interior. This plain does not now present an unbroken surface, but is marked by minor irregularities and undulations, which have been due to the action of brooks, creeks, and rain torrents ; slill, the general character of a broad level is prcser\'ed, as it is in the ocean, notwithstanding its surface is broken by waves. The portion of the plain lying in Mary- land, which is sometimes called the tide-water dislrict, embraces nearly one-half of the ten-itory of the State. This great region, which once formed the bed of an ancient ocean, and has risen by means of those clevatory forces which have acteil upon all the continents, contains bcnealli its surface unqneslioned records of the epochs when its materials were deposited. In the strata which compose this jilain toward the norlli, in New Jereey, fossils are found indicating that the strata belong to the cretaceous or chalk formation, which occupies in the geological scale the upper part of the secondary formation. The cretaceous strata, if they exist in Maryland, are concealed by the overlying deposits ; but they probably form the floor of Ihese deposits from New Jersey to North Carolina, where they again appear at the surface. The fossils found in the cliffs and banks of the Atlantic plain, prove that the strata which comjiose it belong principally to the ter- tiary formatiiin, which lies next the chalk. t All the teriiary de|)osils, with the exception of the pliocene, occur in the Slate. The inclination of the teriiary beds in Maryland is very slight, and toward the south-east, so that the Potomac below Washington presents sections of each of the divisions, the lower beds rising to the surface as we proceed west. The later tertiary, or post pliocene, which rcjtrescnts the epochs next antecdent to the introduction of the huninn race, occurs in Jlaryhind only in limited patciies. The principal one is in St Mary's County. To this period arc referred the numerous beds of oysters which skirt the low margins of the islets and rivers of Maryland, and which are usually attributed to the agency of the aborigines. The ^leposit in St. Mary's County is interesting, as containing several southern species, and particularly the gnathudon vaneatus, which is now lound only in the warmer waters of the Gulf of Mexico ; a fact indicating the prevalence in this region of a climate like that of Florida, at the period of the formation of this deposit The miocene formation, which underlies the last named deposits, is the most widely extended of the teriiary beds. The prineipal marl beds are in this formation. It occurs near Chestertown, Wye Mills, on Choptank liiver, near l^aston, and at olhcr places near the Eastern Shore ; also tlirough the counties of St. Mary's, Calvert, etc. Within tho miocene, at Piscataway, has been traced a remarkable bed of silicious clay, entirely composed of silicious cases (of inftisoria) so minute as only to be detected by a powerful microscope, yet containing distinct specific characters, enabling us to refer them to the miocene. Of the shells in the miocene deposits in this State, about seventeen per cent, have been identified with living species. Thus, at this remote period, the peculiar distribution of living mollusea, which now exists, had begun to prevail in the region of Maryland, while at this geological era the fauna were so distinct from the present, that Jbur-fltlhs of the species now living had not come into existence. An abrupt line of demarkation exists between the fossil groups of the miocene and eocene, which lies next below the former. Before the deposition of the miocene beds, some event has occurred, like a sudden fall in the temperature of the ocean, whicli has destroyed every kind of animal life; for in the miocene deposits not a single form of the lower tertiary bed exists, even where the two beds are in juxtaposition. The eocene, which toward the ocean Ims been sunk beneath the miocene, rises shortly after passing a line from Fort Washington to Annapolis. Of two hundred species of shells found in this tbrmation, not one now exists on the coast, or is found in the more recent deposits of the United Stales, although many are identical with tho eocene fossils of the Paris basin. A circumstance of much econom- ical interest in relation to this formation is the occurrence, in many localities of the eocene, of that most valuable fertilizer, the green sand, which occurs in the secondary beds ol New Jersey, and has added so much to the agricultural wealth of • Tlie wlmle of tliis artii-Ie on geoln^v is taken from ttie rpnsws *il to diissify Hie depwils into one of Uiree gre;tt Kronps. In the lowe«t deposit, or grimp. but few recent epeciea are f.mnd. It *•> Itience r.illed tli» eocone. or dawn of rerer-t species. Tlie next above conPding « minority of recent specie*, and is tlience ciii!**d miocene. Over tliis occurs a deposit contain ins a rnajurily of recent species, which is called pliocene, and above tbe last a deposit called tbe post pUocene 427 MARYLAND. that SUik\ The deconiposed shclU, or marl, of the tertiary have contributed, in scarcely a less degree, to the fertility of the lower counties of Maryland. The head of tide-water forms the limit of the tertiary. On the western borders of this formation, all along the Atlantic coast, all the srreat rivers descend by falls and rapids. At these points tlic navigation is stopped, and large cities have spniiijf up. Thus the western boundary af the tertiary is a line of great geographical and polilical interest, rroceoding westward from the limit of the tertiary, we find a belt of stratified metamorphic, or liypngcne rocke, which ranges nt-arly parallu-1 with the Atlantic coast. These rocks include gneiss, micaceous, chloritic, and talcose slates, and beds of st-riten- tiue, granite, and limestone. The width of this belt, in Maryland, from its eastern border to the points where its rocks begin to be covered unconforraably with new red sandstone, is from 20 to 30 miles. This region is characterized by hills generally of moderate height, but somulimes rising as high as 900 feet above raid tide. Their sunuiiits are rountled, and present a striking contrast to the h)ng, steep, parallel ridges of the Alleghanies. The beds of the rivers wliich pass through this region are in decply-cleft valleys, with rounded or abrupt sides, that afford small tracts of alluvial soil. The general inclinatim of these hypogene rocks is to the south-east, at an angle of about 45° ; the direction of the range is north-east and south-west. The principal minerals and rocks of economical value in tliis belt are the gneiss, which forms an excellent and indestructible material fur ordinary building purposes; primary limestone, or saccharoidal marble, extensively used for building purposes in Baltimore and. "Washington; hydrosilicates of magnesia, which furnish a material for the production of a large amount of magnesia. The serpentine of Harford County, and the norlhern border of Cecil County, has yielded a large amount of ferroxido of chrome, for making pigments and dyes ; titaniated iron, which occurs in gneiss, has been worked witli success in Harford County. Ores of brown hematite, extensively used in Maryland for the manufacture of iron of excellent quality, occur in beds of clay and loam, particularly on the borders of the primary limestone within this belt. Near Frederick, in passing westward, we perceive that the hypogene rocks begin to be covered with unconformahlo beds of red sandstone. This group of rocks is one of the most remarkably uniform in the country, possessing the same characteristics fi-om the Hudson to North Carolina, It consists of dark reddish broi^Ti argillaceous sandstones, of crumbly-brown shales and coarse conglomerates. The strata dip gently toward the north-west, or toward the mountains. The beds, which show themselves along the south-eastern edge of the tract, consist mostly of coarse sandstones, alternat- ing with red shales. The central parts consist more exclusively of brown shales and brown argillaceous sandstone. The uppermost beds, or those occurring along the north-western margin of the formation, have frequently the character of coarse conglomurates, made up of pebbles derived from a great variety of rocks, chiefly those wliich occur at the Ixise or on the si'de of the adjoining South Mountain. The beds of rock on the Potomac, which ha\ furnished the material from which the columns in the House of Iteiiresentativee in the Capitol at Washington have been constructed, belong to this formation, th'j pebbles and the cementing materials in these beds being of limestone. The few fossil fishes and shells found in this formation establish its age to be that of the upper new red sandstones of Europe, or the period of the middle ages of geological history. To this formation belong the most important localities of copper ores in Maryland. Indeed, this formation is the depository of the priticipal copper mines in the United States, the beds containing the copper of Lake .Superior being referred to this formation. • After passing the formation of new red sandstone, which occupies, as we hare seen, a narrow trough in the h}-pogene or metamorphic rocks, proceeding westwardly, we approach the first ridge of the Alleghanies, or the grent Apalachian chain. A rapid glance at the general features in the structure of the whole chain will enable us to comprehend more fully the portion of the chain which exists in this State. This chain, geologically considered, extends from Vermont to Alabama, being more than l.OOO miles long, from 50 to 100 miles broad, and varying in height from SOD to 4,000 feet. Unlike the great chains of many countries which contain a principal central mountain, to which aU the minor ranges tend, this system consists of a brrad zone of almost innumerable parallel ridges of nearly equal parallel height The characteristic fealurt^s of the ridges are great length, narrowness, and steepness, the evenness of their summits, and their remarkable parrdlelism ; many of them are almost straight for more than 50 miles. This feature, combined with their Bteep slopes and sharp and level summits, gives them the appearance, seen in perspective, of so many colossal intreneh- ments. Tho first belt of the chain, having in a less degree the characteristics above mentioned, is the narrow undulating mountain range, called in New York and New Jersey, the Highlands; in Pennsylvania, the South Mountain ; in Mary- land, the South Mountain or BUie Ridge— the latter name being applied to the range in Virginia— the Catoctin Mountain, which is the first chain of importance which presents itself in Maryland as we proceed west, being a spur of the Blue Eidge. The rocks of this belt are, for the most, part, of the older metamorphic strata, including gneiss, micaceous, chloritic. argillaceous, and t.ilcose slates, and the Pottsdam sandstone. Such is the character of the rocks exposed by the canal and railroad excavations at Harper's Ferry. Immediately north-west of this mountain range is the great Apala- chian Valley, which ranges from Vermont to Alabama under various local names. The portion lying in Maryland is called the Hagerstown Valley. The latter, like the continuation of the same valley north and south, is principally based upon the Trenton limestone, remarkable as containing all the great caverns in the country. Beyond this valley to the li'>rth-west is a wide belt of long, narrow, parallel ridges and included valleys, spreading north-westward to the foot of the great plateau of the Alleghany or Curaberiand Mountain. This belt has a breadth varying fVom 30 to 00 miles. These narrow and parallel ridges consist of stra'-a folded into a succession of convex and concave strata, which have been sub- sequently laid open by ecls is greatest on the Atlantic side of the chain, and the 6tra*a becomes less and less disturbed ns we proceed toward the west. The most important feature in the geology of ihe Apalachian chain, as it exists in Maryland, is the occurrence among its strata of Ihe carboniferous formation, and its Included beds of coal and orL^s of iron. There are three important coal areas within the State ; two north-west of the" 80-calIed Backbone of the ^Uleghany Mountain; the north-west, or Yioughiogeny field, estimated to contain 2.50 square miles; the middle area, between Negro and Mearlow mountains, estimated to contain 120 square miles. These fields, lying in the midst of a forest region, have not been thoroughly explored. The estimates of their value can not be much ^ relied on. This is of comparatively little importance, as from their location they must remain for a long time undisturbed. The Frostburg. or Cumberland coal basin, lies between Davis Mountain to the east, and Savage Mount.iin to the west, extending within the State 20 miles in length, with an average breadth of 4} miles. The carboniferous strata, compoeing 433 MAKYLAND. rbe enal seriea, consisling, as elsewhere, of shale, p-it, samistone, liiuestone, artrillaceous iron ore, and coal, dip on every side toward the centre of the trough. The successive beds liave Ix-cn compared, in shape, to a great number of Indian canoes, placed one witliin tlie other. The entire thickness of the coal measures about 1,500 feet. The present surface of the basin is irregular, as it lias been intersected by numerous deep ravines, formed by streams and rivers. IJy ihoso means large portions of the beds have been swept away. Wherever the beds have been cut oif by tlie inter^-ention of a valley, they are seen on the opposite sides at the same level, sht. wing that the bods were once continuous. The whole amount of denudaiion has been estimated at 20.'2r)O acres, 8G,S47 acres or 185 square miles, being the supposed present area of the coal. This denudation h.is given great facility for exploration of the strata and working the coal, and saves Ilie large expenditures necessary in oilur regions for ^training the minis. The whole quantity of coal may be extracted without the use of a shaft. Tlie i»rineipal scam has been 111 feel in thickness of workable coal, and there are several other workable beds of less thickness: the whole thickness of available coal having been estimate*! at 45 feet. The data above given, supposing the whole coal to be accessilile, would make the gross amount in this basin G.;i05,137.S;27 tons, and Ihe available quantity, making the ordinary deductions, over tour thousand million tons. The analysis of the Cumberland coal shows it to be f-f the kind gress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : Cetfirei! Persons. Decennial Inrrenee. Cen.ns Wliite , , , Total , ,^ .— , Y'-nr8. IVrsons. ¥<"■: Sliivp, Tot.it PnpnI;,Iion. Numerical. Perceut. 1790 208,649 . 1500 316,326 . 1810 3.'A117 . 1S30 260,223 . 1S30 29I.10S . 1S40 815,204 . 1S60 417,943 . . 8.043 103.030 111,075 319.723 . . 19,557 10.5,635 1-25.222 .341 .,545 21.820 6.82 . 33.927 1I1..503 145.439 350..546 85,995 11-41 . 89,730 107,398 147,128 407,3.50 26.504 7.04 . 52.938 102,994 1.55.932 447,040 39,690 9.74 .62.078 .59.7')7 151.815 470.019 22,979 .5.14 . 74,723 90,303 105,091 55:J,034 113,015 24.04 The Bt.atislic9 of the weallh and indiislrj- of the State, .as ascertained by the census of 1850, and in accordance with other oflSeial documents referring to the same period, are as liillows : Orinipied Lands.— \m\,rn\i-(\ lait.ls 2.797.905 acres, and unimprovwl lands 1,836,44.5 acres— v.alued in cash at $37,175..54.5. The whole ninubi.r of farms under cultivation on the 1st June, 1850, 21,560. Value of farming impla- menls and machinery, $2,403,4 tS. 430 MAiiil^AND. jAve'Stock.—UoTse3^75jGS4; asses nnd mules, 5,644; milch cows, SC,S59; working oxen, 84,135; other cattle, £^,595; eheep, 177,902; and swine, 352,911— the viilue of these in the aj^aregatc, $7,997,634. In la40 the number of liorses, mules, etc., w;ls 9'2.2'20; of neat cattle, including milch cows, working oxen, and olher cattle, 2'2o,714 ; of sheep, 257,922 ; and of swine, 416,943. These statistics exUibit in the decade intervening, a decrease of 10,892 horses, mules, etc., of 0,125 OflUlc, of 80,020 sheep, and G4,ii32 swine. Grain, — ,4Sl, ofwhiL-h the value of llial porcion carrii-.l in Ani.Ti,-;m ships ^'^"Ifr^^ ::r.°nc^vl,i.l> U^ ^^^t'Zt^^^^'^or:^..o^ui:r.Uan,^^c.rn.^ in American ship, and $5HM5 of .bat ca.-n.d^ S::S^^r TL\i,a..tc. tonnage, and e.w, a "- ^^^.f:;; -P";''-^ 1, l^n^'vlt.^'^^^^ mIH;::; ZV,.™.... Ve.e,s4«™ IK^o^Jon.ancU.^^ 2,VT0 men and boys: and ^''^^''^''^^'J'^" '-,-;'.,;;; 35,, ,.,..,,„ sO.oOG tons, and 3,Gfl5 men and boys; an.l foni,-n, llli S^;:J^™;::;a i:;^; me:■a:l^^^:"Tr:;;^;i:«^..n,;a .itUin t,. S,ate, . t.e date a^ove appea,.,,,., .as as follows : Registere-I. Distrirt-'i. Baliinwre — Oxford Vienna Snow Hill ... St. Marj's... Town (.reek. Amiapolis .. . Total . . CT.ilGl .. , 23.009 Pfritt'l. ..;.".dl'2 . . . I2,i1(i0 . ..U941 . . . 9,-2Ji; . .. 2,148. . . 2,'J-JT , i»t I.iiensed. Teiiip'ry. (under Ji" tons.) Agprpgale . 149.019 . 277 12.3*5 . .537 16,47S . 2« S..^!! . 42 2.K). _ 2.227 23 2:3:5 tons) in Vienna, and and exports fur a series of years embraced bet^^ Yr.rs. 1791 . . 1792 .. 1793 . . 1794 . . 1795 . . 1790 . . 1797 . . 17ns . . 1799 . . ISiO ., ISill . 1SI)2 . 1503 . 1504 . 1505 . ISOG . 1S07 . ISfiS . 1S09 Exports. . 12,2.39,691 . . 2,628,80S . . 3,665,056 . . 5,6S6,191 . . 6,811,380 . . 9,201,315 . . 9,sn.950 . . 12,746,190 . . 16,299,609 . , . 12,204,331 . .. 12.767,530 . .. 7,914,225 , .. 6,078,062 .. 9,151,939 . . 10.8.59,480 . . 14,530,905 . . 14,298,984 .. 2.721,106 .. 6,027,826 Years. 1811 . IS12 . Isl3 . 1814 , 1815 . 1810 . 1817 , 1818 . Export'. . $0,833,987 . . . . 5,88.5,979 ... . 3,787,865 ... . 248,4:54 ,.. . 5.0.36.001 ... . T,3;3S,767 ... . 8,9.33.930 ... 8,670,634 ... 1819 6,920,210 1820 6,009.3lU , li;21 8,8.50.394 . 1822 4.530.790 1823 6,030.228 ISIO 6,459,013 1824 . 1S25 . 1826 . 1827 , 1823 . 1829 , 18:50 4,803.233 4,501,304 4,010,748 .. 4,510,400 .. 4.3:14.422 .. 4.804.455 .. 3,791,483 .. 4,070,841 4,792.480 4,946,179 4,,551,442 4,751.815 4,928,569 4.405,703 5,629,091 4,804,135 4,623,866 Tears. 18:51 . 18.33 . 1833 . 1S:M . 1*55 . KiO . 1S37 . 18:58 . 1839 . 1840 . 1841 . 1842 . 184:5 . 1844 . 1845 . 1^40 . 1847 . 1848 , 1849 , 1850 Expnrl^. . $4,:508,647 . . , 4,499,918 .. . 4,062,407 .. . 4.168,245 ,. . 3,92,5,2:M .. . 3,67.5,475 .. . 3,789,917 .. . 4,.524..575 ,. . 4,670,561 .. . 5,708.708 .. . 4,947,166 .. . 4.904.760 .. . 5,01.5.,556 .. ,. 6,1:53,166 .. .. 6,869,0.53 .. .. 6,869,055 . .. 9,702,244 . .. 7,139,752 . .. 8,000,000 . .. 6,9G7,:353 . Imports. $4,820,677 4,029,308 6,4:57,0,57 4.tV17,48:j 6,647,1.58 . 7.131,807 , 7,857.033 . 6.701.869 . 6,99,5.285 , 4.910,740 . 6.101,813 . 4,417.(]73 . 2.479,1.33 . 3,917,7.50 . 4,042,915 . 4,043.915 . 4,4:52.314 . 5.:543,643 . 4.970.7:51 , . 0,134,201 ^««i-«.-The as^regate condition of 23 banks and 2 branch banks in Maryland, accordtn? to the reUtrts of Ja,™^^^^^^^^^ ISM were as foHmvs : Z;««„Y<7;e.^eapital $18,128,851, circulation $3,6:52,869, deposUs *f ^^ "*• f ";. °' 1 '^»' ^ $7903 206 and other liabilities $9,895; an.l «.«e^.-loans and discounts »14.9"".S«: f'«cks */«;«;■;:"' f'^'" i«5,2«, other investnrents $768, due by other b,"»• j^'^ 'hrec y an., for which elected for the last year thereof, and Senators must be al least 2o, atid delegates la o^^ returns of each federal census are published, commencing vvith mat of 1850, the ^^"''^^ ^f^Z^Zll^^nni'^ ^^nd according to population, but Baltimore city shall always have fliur delegates !"'- ,">-' '^^^ „ S t e law unless no county shall have less man two members. After 1854 the sessions will be bicnma . N° bi'"»»'^ _, . .^^^^, _^^ ,_^,^ pa..s.xl by a majority of all the members elected, and on its final passage the "^^ ™'' ^";; ;" ^^,,, „, ^„„„,„,U on the shall take effect until the 1st .Tunc next aaer me session when it is passed. The Legislature me first "Wednesday in January annually. ^1 H S MARYLAND. The Governor is chosen by a plurality of votes, and his term, commencing on the 2d "Wednesday of January, shall continue four years. He must be 30 years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the State for five years preceding his election, and three years a resident of the district from which he is elected. For the purpose of electing the Governor the State is divided into three districts, and he is elected from each successively. The first district comprises St Miiry, Charles, Calvert, Prince George, Anne Arundel, Montgomery, and Howard counties, and Baltimore City; the second 1,961 "7. contn.sent expenses $9.*>3 4D, Ended arrears onn.ercst$500,6«9 »^,Sta..aobaceo mspe.Uonand,^^^^^^^^ ^^^.^^^ ^^_^ ,.^^^^^, ^,,.,,^5 ^ Ld miscellaueous expenses $21,172 94 ; an, ' ;■; *:;/^';" ;;VnU and forfeilures $5,032 80, licenses by county clerks railroads $129.S40 .30, bank dividends "•'^ '•"""V*',:^ 75 I'oUeries and slann-s on lottery tickets $.33,6:33 82. canal coui- «P7 835 03, roa.l stock dividends $46,490, stamps $o2,o,9 ''^ '"""'^ . ' J,^^., j4,i.,s6 24, on collateral inheritances p;i;f$.;V^i90, direct tax $43S,u36 ^S, taxes o,t State an ttyoBa,™^^^^^ , ,,,, $23,060 78, on commissions of executors an.l '^^^^:^^2<^ ^^^^ „„ eertain omcers $10,5.^,1 50, on c.vd co.nnns- Llranees $7,484 87, on policicsof '-X'" ^ « »%' ^^^ "•"'™^''''™ ^''''' '^' ""' ''"' '"'"^ '"'" Bions $7 "21 SO, and on incorporated institutions !),.o,siu 00, Baltimore $51,519 98. to taxation in 1850, according to the returns of the census of The assessed value of all real and personal es ite *''^;- ", '" '"^^^^^^^^ The assre-ate of all taxes assessed eix rc-presenlatives to the national legislature. „„ „,„„, suffldent for the amounl of population in BLuim.-Th, provisions for education m Mar> an , thou^i y ^ ^^_^^_^ ,^^,^ ^^__, .„ ,„„„„„„,. v.th ,hc State, arc still very respectable. ^ .0 law - '■ r^-' ' ^ ^^,^.^,„ ., ,, ,^^,„^, on the itihabitan.s .0 es abl .h its provisions, the counties have been divided " " ^ ' ""^ '^' J ,^„ ,„„,„ies, however, have not yet complied «. h the and maintain schools for a c-rtain period "\ -, >,;"^^^.^. H* ted, and the prospect of future efficiency in a I that ,^r- ,aw, but nevertheless there have ^^'^f^^^^^Z^, education in this State, as they existed 1st June, ls.0, tains t.> public schools is very promising. The means 01 <. = are reluriied in the census as follows: ^„„„„, i„,on,„ jo-j.^ooo-namely, income from 1. Primary sehoote-number 923' '"''''7' 1''"*; ''''"„! .,7 4,^ „,Ki from other sources $79,5*3. e„dowment^$2,959, from taxation $75,296 fronipuwic.^^^^^^ ^_^^,,^^ ,,06,430-name.y, income from 8. Colleges and universities-number l"- P"-"';^'™' ^^^ '!^^™ ',, ., „,,legiute institutions of the St.ate are-St John 8 from pubhc funds $3,300, and from o'l'^-"';""'^,*"^;^ ,{;, ^'^u' in 17S4; It. Mary's College (Catholic), at Baltimore, College at Annapolis (formerly a branch of '« "!^^^ ^ , ' '^ X "oundei 1842; Mount St. Mary's College Catlii le) founded 1SU5 ; St. .Tames" Conege (l^iiscopal), in Jaslnn t„ & ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ the University, at at Emmettsburg, founded 1830 ; ^ asliingOn C'^oge, at ^^^^'''""^^ore, founded 1827, etc., etc. Baltimore, founded 1807 ; Wa.sliington ^^^''-'^"'■'f'^iyl^^ any part of the year, was 60.417, of which Tlie whole tmrnbcr of whit, children ^^1'° f'^'fj^^"" ™';"e colored children was 1,610, of which 880 were rja es, Ro Hi were malea, and 28.233 females ; and the total number ""'« P° ,,uj,,bored 60,386, and those of foreign birth 1,0,9. ^nd^o'iales. Of all classes, amounting to C2,ti6t. hose of nam bf those Classed, "adults w.ho can not r^a,, or writ t^ ^ - ^^^ ^^,^ number of white persons ot th. the fl-ee colored numbered 21,002— J,4— o...n.,.i cl.a.«s, 17,364 were native born, an.l 3,451 f-reigners _ 32^-223,455 volumes ; school libraru-s S- i,7„-o,/e«.-rublic libr.aries 1 , -!''»™^|,'>^;;t;,*"!'^Xg:Ubraries 1(^,792 volumes; and church hbranes ^ 6,335 volumes; Smiday-school libraries 84-28,315 volumes, 1,850 volumes; total 449 libraries, and fl".«\;;f';'{;,^;. ^^„j ,„ Marylttnd in 1850 was OS, circulating at each issue an Pm«t?;«,ZP/v.5S.-Tliewh,,le number of periodicals publishcu in » political-22 whig in principle, .fftrc-ite of 124,287 copies, and annually 19,613,i24 copies. » . "''^ ""™" ^ . 20 were miseellaneoui^71.00U copies; :fri algateack issue\9,172 copies ; .and 17 demoeratic^jrcu^^^^^^^^^^^ 6 r,-ligiou:-13.950 copies ; 1 ngricultural^,oOO <^»r>'js U ^'J™' , f l^^ ,ri.weekly-499,700 copies; 54 weekly-S.lOO.lM number 6 were published daily, and issued ^^^^^^^ ^^,,.,uj^e^ pubhshed in Baltimore ci.y-tho copies; lsemi-monthly^8.000 copies; atidSnonU 4-^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^,,, „„^ ,„, ..german Orrespond.-iit;^ " Sun •' the " Clipper," the " American," the 1 .itr ot, tne uei ^^a„ „( Ibe " B. Herald," are editions of tho th' ";•-,««,>., are also published solely iti «^;1 ^r'!"^;, '^ ^ Argu " the uwW of the " Clipper," of the " Patriot," an,l of the l-^P"";''^'^ "^toetin ; 1 at Emmettsburg ; 1 at Havre de Grace ; 1 at bacco- 1 at Denton; 2 at Cambri.lge; 5 at I^i^^'^r"^'". J ", ,^,^,;! .1 , Cenlreville ; 1 at Princess Anne ; 1 at Leonards- B^Air; latCharlestown; latP.ockville;la LPP^^^^^^^^ ^'^t S,,,,,l„„, ,„e semi-mon.hiy-the town ; 2 at Easton ; 1 at Boonsboro ; 1 at ^ '«"■-» ; . , t^^, turee montldies also at Baltimore. Lutheran Christian Messenger, ^as P""'^ '^'^J\,^;tra, rel^ious denominations in the State, in 1850, which are taken midioMS Deno,„!natwM.~Tbe statistics of ht several (, from the census returns of th.at year, were as follows. _ _ ^ ^_^_^_^ n.„„„,i„a. N„. of linns Nn. of Cliunlies. BaptUt 4S ., Chrislian — — - Congrefriit'l.. — ■ DuicU lief. . . — . Episcopal.... 133 . Free — . Friends 26 Clmrcli Vi*lue of acf.m. Proiierty. IG.SOO ..$13-2,810 60,105 .. 610,STT Denomina- Ko. of tioio. Clnircliea German Ref. 22 . . Jewish Lulheran.. Mciinonite. MetliodisU. Moravian ,. 42 . .. 4 . ..479 . . . 12 7,760 - . 114,050 I Prialjylerian 57 . Clinrrh acrniii. 14,800 . . 1,400 .. 20,800 . 850 . 181,715 . 6,350 . 23,235 . Value of Pr.'i'.'rty. $197,800 41,000 287,950 2,000 837,665 32,500 . 378,300 Deoomina. t l„.,.s. CI, P.. Catholic.. Swedeubo'n. Tunker Union Unitarian.. . . Universalisl.. Minor Sects. 65 G .. 10 .. 1 .. 1 .. , 31,100 ..$1,161.5*^ 14,100 . 4.2.50 , l,0O0 . 1,000 , 8.400 13,1100 loi.ooo 26.000 delidi'ia, Pittsburg, Charleston, Savannah, Fachmond, and ^^ heelin,. 443 MARYLAND. Paiipfri^in and Cri tue.—Thc whole number of paupers who receivetl sujiport within the year ending 1st June, 1S50, was 4.494— '2,r»91 n:itive-born, and 1,00;3 forei-rners ; and the whole number of paupers in tlie Stiite, at that pt-riod, was 2,001 — 1,GS1 nativi'-bnrn, and 320 foreigners. Annual costof sujipirt $71.G6S. The whole number of criminals convieted within the stmie year was 207 — 1S3 native-born, and 24 Ibrt-ignL-rs ; and the number in prison on the 1st June, 1S50, was 39T — 325 native-bom, and 72 foreigners. llifitoincal ^iytch.—Kcnl Island was the site of the first white settlements within the limits of Maryland. In 1631, ■William Claiborne commenced a colony on this island. But the charter under which Maryland was permanently established was granted to Cecilius, Lord Calvert, second Loni Uallimore, by Charles I., and bears date 20lh June, ir>y2. TIk- name Tt-rra Maria;, or Maryland, was givt-n it in honor of IK-nrictta Maria, queen of the rtdgniug monan-h. The first settlers, chiefly Roman Catholics, sailed from the Isle of Wight, 22d November. 1038, and landed on the island of St. CleraL-nt, 25lhMari'h. 1034, and immediately took possession of the country with religious ceremonies. Onthe2Jth, they commenced a settlement ou the main land, at St, Mary's ; and this is counted the date of the foundation of the colony. These settlers of Maryland were refugees from ecclesiastical tyranny; and have been denominated by historians the "Pilgrims of St. Mary's." The first governor was Leonard Calvert. The first legislature convened in 1639, and adoptetl many w ise and useful laws. Tobacco had already become so important a staple, that it was deemed expedient to tax its exportation, as a source of revenue. The great revolutimi in England now began; the proprietarj' was a Catholic and adherent of Iho king, and a congregation of Puritans, from Virginia, who had been expelled as non-conformists, in 1643, having settled in Maryland, now attempted to gain ascendancy in (he government, and to some extent succeeded ; but they were overthrown again in 1040. In 1649, the Assembly passed that noble act of religious toleration, which threw the mantle of charity over all, and in the benefits of which Catholic, Quaker, and Puritan, participated, for all hud experienced the rigors of persecution. Monarchy having been overthrown in England, the Puritan power rapidly increased, and again the proprietary was for a lime suspended. In 1654, Lord lialtimore made eff'orts to regain the colony, and succeeded; but scarcely had he resumed, the reins of government when the Puritans again dejjosed him, and for the s])ace of three years thereafter the peace of the colony was compromised by excesses on both sides. During this periotj the Puritans were eoDcenlrated at Providence, now AanapoUs, which they considi-rctl the actual seal of government, although St. Mary's continued to be the nominal capital. The power of the proprietary' was now restored, and Philip Calvert, his brother, was appointed governor. In 1600, twenty-six years from the foundation of the colony, the population of Maryland was about 12,000; in 1005, it was 16^000; and in 1671, it had increased to 20,000. The extension of political organization had kept pace with jwpulation. Up to this period, seven counties had been founded, but there were no considerable towns. Importations supplied tho place of domestic manufactures, except such as were made in the families of the settlers. Mention of negro slaves is first made in the laws of Maryland in 1003, but it is probable that slavery existed in the colony antc-riorly to that time. In 1071, an act was passed to encourage their importation. Philip Calvert was superseded iu 1662, as governor, by Charles, eon of the Lord Pr.ipriet,'iry, who acted iu that capacity until 1675, when, on the death of his father, he succeeded to his rights, and appointed Thomas Notely as his representjitive. On the occurrence of the Revolution, in 16SS, the king assumed the government, and in 1791, appointed Sir Lione Copley governor. Among the first acts of the new government was the removal of the capital from St. Mary's to Providence, thenceaftcr known as Anna|)0li3. The govenimejit was .igain restored to the family of the proprietary, iu 1715. At this period, the i>opulation was estimated at 30,000, and the almost exclusive staple of production was tobacco. Before 1007, the colonists had been without manufactures of their own ; but in that year an efibrt had been initiated to make woolen and linen cloths. Every attempt of this kind, however, was closely watched by the English government, and hence these effoils to supply a domestic manufacture either failed at onee, or languished out a sickly existence. In 1714, Charles, Lord Baltimore, died, and his son, Benedict Leonard Calvert, succeeded to the province, but lived only long enough to have his rights acknowledged. The principal obstacle to tho recognition of the claim of this family was now removed, for the young heir had been educated a Protestant. In 1715, therefore, the authority of the ])ropritlary was restored, and a commission in his name was issued to Hart, the l.ist of the g(>vemors appointed by the king. From this period i ntil the breaking out of ihe French war, in 1753, the history of Maryland is not marked by any great event. Its local annals are filled with relations of contentions between the proprietary and the people — the one struggling to maintain his hereditary privileges, and the other to establish dieir liberties. Iu all these struggles are discernible the germs of the lievolution of 1776. In 17^K), Maryland contributed 500 men and £7,500 to tlie disastrous expedition against the Spanish Main. A noble fieet of nearly 100 vessels, inelury flght at Lexington. IDlli April, 1775. The EcTolution having now fairly commenced, elections were held throughout the province in August, 1776. for dele- gates to a convention to Ihime a Constitution and Stale Government. This body assembled August 14tli. and by the lOlh September a bill of rislib and a constitution were reported. On the Sd November the consliliui.jn was adopted in coii- veulion. and elections ordered to carry it into effect. The system of government established by Ibis first otinslilulion of Marylaiid was republican, and as nearly democratic as the state of public opinion of that day, and the circumstances under which it was .adopted, gave rctison to expect. The elections took place in November, as provided for in the conslilution, .ind the legislature convened at Aniiap .lis on the 6lh February, liTT. On the 131h February Thomas .Johnson was chosen first conslitiitional governor of M.irj land. Throughout the P.evolutionary War Ihe serviees of the Maryland troops were marked by gallanlry and effieieiicy. In the first considerable action after that of Bunker's Hill, the '■ Maryland line'' signalized its valor an.l took a high position among the several corps of the cmilinental army. They were under the commaiid of Col. Wm. Smalhvood, who after- ward became a major-general, and one of Ihe most distinguished officers whose achievements in the struggle illustrate the bravery of his native state. In the batlle of Long Island, and in those of Harlem Height.s. White Plains, an.l F..rt Wash- ington, the Maryland regiments were conspicuous for their courage and discipline ; nor were they less so in the mem.ir;l- ble actions at Trenton and Princeton. With the excepri.ai of aeli.ms in the campaign against Burgoyne, in.lecl. tlicrc was no prominent batlle of the war. from BrooklMi Il.ighls to Yorktown, in which the Marylandcrs did not take an active part; and un.ler every commamler— Washinglon. La Fayette, Dc Kalb, an.l Greene— they earned special notice and applause for gallantry an.l good conduct. The number of troops furnished by Marylan.l during the war was 15.2'iO regulars, and 5,40T militia ; and the expenditures of the Stale amt.unted lo $7,56s,145 in specie, a large porli..n ..f which was raised by Ihe sale of confiscate.! British property wilhin the Slate. On the 23d December, 17s3, the brilliant drama of the P.evolution was closed by Washington's resignation of his com- mission. This event took place at Annapolis, in the presence of Congress, the Stale legislature, many officers who had seric.l through the war. and a crow.l of ileeply interested spcctaKirs. The ceremony constitutes a se. lie in our hisl<.ry second in solemnity and importance only to the reading of the Declaration of In.lependence. The Federal Constitution was readilv and hcarlily adopted by Maryland. The convenli.m that acc-|.le.l it on lli.- part of the State met on the 21st April. 1788, and adjourned on the 28tli, having .agreed to the instrument, without reserv ala.n or amendment, by a vote of 63 to 11. . From this period lo the war of 1812, the history of Maryland presents nothing calling f.w special notice. During that war Admiral Cockburn, commanding the Brilish imval forces, commilled on the .shores of Chesapeake Bay a series of 445 MARrLAND. wanton outrages ngainst the property anil persona of the citizens. In the spring of 1513 the villages of Frenchtown, Havre dc Grace, Frederiektown, and Georgetown, were plundered and burned by his orders, and in August, 1S14, occurred the expedition of General Ross against tJic city of 'Washington. Cockburn, since the opening of the preceding year, liad been cruising about the bay and the mouth of the Potomac with four ships of the line and six frigates; in the course of the summer he was largely re-enforced, and in August a landing was effected at Benedict, on the Patuxent, some Ihirty-flve miles south-east of Washington. The land force was under the command of General lioss, and was 5,000 strong. It proceeded toward Washington ; the militia of Maryland and of the District assembled under General Winder to oppose their march ; but the Americans were in no condition to resist their numerous and well disciplined enemies. Tlie army retired to Bladensburg, and was re-enforced by General Stansbury with 2,100 Maryland troops, including the sailors and marines of Commodore Barney. At this point it was resolved to risk an action in defense of the national capital. The result of the conflict that ensued was not fortunate to the American arms. The British gained a complete victory, though at a cost of life much greater than the loss sustained by the Americans. The vicl^^rs marched on to Washington, occupied the city as long as they thought advisable, and then returned to their ship- ping at Benedict They, however, suUied the laurels which their daring and successful expedition might have gained for them by an act of Vandalic barbarism to wliich the annals of modern warfare among civilized nations hardly furnishes a parallel. Wl.i' *-fa secure possession of the seat of government, they Ijurned and destroyed the Capitol, the president's house, the^*''' tfS'of the treasury, war, and navy, all the national records accessible to them, the public library, anoor, but many sheep and cattle are raised, and the people are much employed as pilots or in the fisheries. There is a spacious harbor on the north side of the island called Holmes's Hole, and vessels bound to the eastward arc frequently seen here in great numbers, waiting for a wind to enable them to double Cape Cod. It is calcu- lated that more than 1,000 vessels anchor here in the course of a year. The Elizabeth Islands are sixteen in number, cx- tenrling in a line from the elbow of Cape Cod Poninsida westward, and forming the south-eastern side of Buzzards Bay, No Allan's Land is a small island south-west of Martha's Vineyard. Plum Island, off the east coast, extends from New- buryport southward to Ipswich. It is 9 miles iong and 1 broad, and is sei>arated from the mainland by a narrow .sound, over which a bridge has been built. In the season when plums are ripe, this island is the resort of the neighboring in- habitants, and a scene of lively amusement. The valley of the Connecticut, which, varying in width, extends through the State in a direction north and south, con- sists, for the most part, of a sandy alluvion. The lower flats are fertile, and produce rich crops of grain. In the viemity of Iladicy in this valley are extensive fields of broom-corn, and the manufacture of this article into brooms absorbs a con- siderable portion of the labor of the towns in the neighborhood. A portion of this valley is occupied by sandy tracts, which yield light crops of r>-e and maize. Some of these plains are covered with low pine forests. The valley of the Housatonic extends nearly in the same direction with that of the Connecticut, and consists of alluvial tracts of the same description. The valley of thelloosic in the north-west consists of an almost uninterrupted succession of intervale, about a mile in width, extremely rich, and ornamented with the liveliest verdure. The waters of this stream are remarkably limpid, and wind their way along this valley through luxuriant meadows and pastm-es, green to the water's edge, and fringed with willows and other moisture-loving growths. Every part of the State is well watered ; but in general the streams are more useful for agricultural and manufacturing purposes than as channels of communication. The Connecticut crosses tlie western part of the Slate from north to south, intersecting the counlies of Franklin. Hampshire, and Hampden, and passes into Conneclicut. By means of short canals round several falls of the river, it tins be?n made navigable for small vessels through its whole course in this State. Its principal tributaries are the Deerfield and Westfteld Bivcrs from the west, and Miller's and Chicopee Rivers from the east^all of which afford the best of water-power, and at their several falls are scenes of busy inihistry. The upper waters of the Housatonic lie on the west of the mountains, and flow southward into Connecticut. The Quinnebaug and Black- stone Bivers have also their sources in this State. Charles' River, reaching the sea at lioston, and Taunton River, which falls into Narragansctt Bay, are useful mill-streams. The Nashua and Concord Rivers are tributaries of the Merrimac, which Inst finds tlie sea at Newburj-jjort, near the northern boundary line. The Merrimac, after entering this State from New Hampshire, has a course east and north-east, and is navigable for sloops to Haverhill, 20 miles from its mouth. The northern shore of Massachusetts is bold and rocky, and the coast everywhere is deeply indented, and presents several far projecting peninsulas and headlands, forming bays of immense extent. Massachusetts Bay, which gives its name to the State, extends between Cape Ann. which projects sea-ward about 1? miles on the north, and Cape Cud on tho south. It is about 70 miles in length, and comprises Boston Bay and Cape Cod Bay. On the southern coast is Buzzard's Bay, about SO miles in length, and comprising a large number of fine and secure harbors. Boston Harbor is one of the finest in the world — capacious, safe, easy of access, and easily defended ; but in the winter season it is often ice-bound. New Bedford on Buzzard's Bay has a fine harbor, and is the greatest whale-ship depSt of the Union. The Peninsula of Nahant. a few miles north of Boston Ilarlwr, is connected with the mainland by Lynn Beach, two miles in length, and from its fine open situation, has been a favorite place of resort during the hot season of summer. Massachusetts is not, as far as yet ascertained, rich in minerals. Iron is found in various parts of the Slate, and is ex- tensively worked. It appears chiefly in the form of bog ore. Sulphuret of iron, or pyrites, occurs in the central districts, where it is used for the manufacture of copperas : and the plumbago found at Worcester and Stockbridge is used in the manufacture of lead pencils and crucibles. Lead mines exist in tho Connecticut valley. The white clay of Martha's Vineyard furnishes alum ; and anihracilc coal is now obt.iincd in the graywacke district to the west of Taunton River. It is on its building material, however, that Massachusetts relics for distinction. Granite of excellent quality abounds in Quincy and vicinity, and is extensively quarried and shipped to nearly every Atlantic port, in greater or lesser degree. The Astor House at New York, the front of the Tremont Houee at Boston, and the Bunker Hill Monument, are built of this stone. Blocks and shafts of almost any dimensions may bo obtained. Granite suitable for building is also found at Gloucester, Fall River, Fitchburg. and many other places. Gneiss, nearly answering tho same purposes, is found in many parts, and serpentine, suitable for ornamental architecture, exists in Middlefleld, "West Field, Xewbury, etc. Lime- stone is extensively distributed. Berksliire is renowned for tlie fine marble it produces, denominated primitive marble. Its prevailing color is white, and some of the varieties admit of a fine polish ; more or less is quarried in almost every town of Berkshire. Tlie City Hall in New York, and the Girard College in Philadelphia, are built of marlde fVom this district. Soap-stone, and argillaceous or roofing slate, are fmmd in various parts, and potter's clay, used in the manu- facture of common delft, and kaolin, or i>orcelain clay, are abundant. Peat is found and used as a common fuel in many towns in the eastern part of tlie State ; and what adds to the importance of this article is, that it is frequently situated where wood is scarce. The climate of Massachusetts, though identical in many respects to that of the three States lying north of it, is not so extreme as that of either. It is very favorable to health, and a large ratio of the inhabitants attain to a good old age. Tho extremes of temperature are from 20° below zero to 100^ above, but such are rare and of short continuance. The season of growth commences earlier than in the more northern States, and the summer is more prolonged. On the eastern and southern shores the summer season is delightfully tempered by the breezes from the ocean. The Indian population, a small remnant of the once powerful tribes that inhabited Miissaehusettt prior to the arrival of Europeans in the country, now numbers less than 1,000 souls. "With the exception of the NuUcks, who are scattered 44S MASSACHUSETTS. over the Common weal Ih. tliey all live in sep;irale coramunities ; but few of these are of pure blood, the majpoiuted in 1S43 to inquire, into the condition of these people : N.nnes (if Tril.es. Ciiappeqiiiddie Tribe . Chrislianlown " Gay nea . J c. , . / Industrious, but have no par- , . 10 Canton and Ptou*h(on > ... *^ ,-, m c T ^1 i ticular occupalnm. . ON Town of Yarmouth J *^ Naticka Scattered over the State, and extinct as a tribe. The more industrious of these tribes not only enjoy the necessaries of life, but also many of the comforts and even luxuries of civiliicalion. Ni-arly all live in good houses, most of them decently furnished ; and their schools and churcJiea are n^presented to be in a fiourifshlng condition. Only two of the tribes are rejiresenled as degraded. The Indians are not members of the body politic ; tliey p.ay no taxes, nor do tliey have a voice in legislation. The State, indeed, allows to each tribe a small aimuity for the promotion of their civiRzation. Massachusetts is divided into 14 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each in 1550, were as followa : Comiltes. T)w,ll. P.ip. Farina, m.ult. Mnm.r. EslMl,. ClJiiMlS. Counties. Dwell. Pop. Farms, in cult. Manuf. isUit,. Capitals. Barnstable . G,6:a. . 85,27G. . 7,'i9. . 423. . . Banistablo Hampsliire . 6,905. . 35,732 .2,905 . .319. . .Northampton Berkshire . . S,03S. 49,591. .2,897. . 3S7. . .Lenox ■j Concord . Icambridga J Lowell Bristol . . . .12,1SJ. . 76,192. .2,5.50. . 6C2. 1 New Bedford fTauiitMn Middlesex. 23,450. .101,353 .4,345. .1.0S9. Dulses .... . 771. . 4,540. . 205. . IS. . . Ed^arto-wu Nantneket. 1.2^5. . S,4.i2 . .M. . 60. ...Nantucket 1 Ipswicli Norfolk . . . .12,615. . 7S,h92. .2,037. . 906. . ..Uedlmm Essex .... .1S,S7S. 1.31,300. .2,310. 1,.533. Newbtiryport riyinouth .. . 9,500. ,55,097. .2,447. . 511. . . Plymouth Salem Suffolk .... 16,.5C7. ^..-V)?. . 70. .1,9,S9. . . Boston Franlclin . . 5,S.S3. 30,SG7. .2,1535. . 2S5. ..Grei'nitelil Woreester . .21,109. l:li,7S9. 7,239. .1,161. . . Worcester Hampden. . 9,083. . 51,281 .2,016. . 889. ..SprinKfleld The whole number of dweUiogs in the State was, at the above date, 152.M5 ; of families 192,679, and of inhabitanla 994,499, viz. : whites 985,704— males 484.284, aud fem.ales 501,420. (ree col 8,795— males 4,314, and females 4.431. or the whole population, there were deaf and dumi—vh. 3«0, fr <"ol. 4— total 3(>4 ; blind— vh. 490, fr. col. 7— —total 497; imane~\yb. 1,029, fr. col. IS— tnt.il 1,047; and .■./(oft'e— tvh. 7^5. (r. col. 6— tol.al 791. The number of free persons born in the Unitcil States was 830,066 ; the numl>cr of for.-ign birlh 160,909, and of birth unknown 8..5.39. The native population originated as follows : Maine 29,507, N. Ilr-np- S9,.592, Verm. 17,640, Mi.i.iac/iiiseU^i 695,230, E. I. 11,414, Conn. 15,003, N. York 14,433, N. Jcr. 778, Peiin. 1.331, Del. 90, Md. 744, Dist. ps.— Wheat, 31,211 bushels; rye, 481,021 bushels: Indian corn. 2,345,190 bushels; oats, 1,165,106 bushels; 13 449 MASSACHUSETTS. barley, 112,885 bushels; and buckwheat, 106,095 bushels. la 1S39-40 these erops yielded as follows: wlietit, l.')r,023 bushels; barley, 165,319 bushels; oats, 1,319,680 bushels; rye, 536,014 bushels; buckwheat, 87,000 bushels; and Iiiduin corn, 1,809,193 bushels. Ottuir Food Crops.— Peas and beans, 43,709 bushels ; potatoes, Irish, 8,585,384 bushels. In 18.39-M the potato crop amounted to 5,385,653 bushels. Miscelliineous CV»pe.— Tobacco, 188,246 (in IMO, 64,9.'j5) pounds ; hay, 651,607 tons; clover-seed, 1,002 bushele; other grass-seed, 5,085 bushels ; hops, 121,595 pounds (in 1810,254,795) pounds; flax, 1,162 pounds: flax-seed, 72 bushels; maple sugar, 795,625 pounds ; molasses, 4,693 gallons ; wine, 4,698 (in 1840, 193) gallons, etc. Yalue of orchard products, $463,996, and of marketrgarden products, $600,030. Home-made manufacturea for the year ending 1st June, 1850, were produced to the value of $205,833. The Kirae class of productions, according to the census of 1840, were valued at $231,942. J/(M!.!//nc()w«.— Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000 ; value of raw material, foe), etc., $00,000,000 : average number of h.ands employed, 000,000— males 00,000, and females 00,000; average monthly cost of labor, $000,000— male $000,000, and female $000,000 ; total value ofproducte for the year ending Ist .Tunc, 18.50, $000,000,000. The whole number of indus- trial establishments producing to the value of $500 and upward, annually, was, at the date referred to, 9,(»J7 ; and of tbcso 213 were cotton factories ; 119 woolen factories, 218 tanneries, and 80 u'on manufactories — 68 for castings, G for pig iron, and 6 for wrought iron. The cotton manufactures employ a capital of $23,4515,630 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc., $11,289,309 ; and value of entire products $19,712,461; cotton consumed 223,607 bales; coal 46,515 tons; and products— sheeting, etc., 298,751,392 yards, and yam 353,660 pounds. The number of hands employed is— males 9,293, and females 19,*?7 ; and the monthly cost ol labor— male $212,892, and female $204,514; average monthly wages— to males $23 01, and to females $13 55. The capital invested in the woolen nmniifaciurei was $9,089,843 ; value of all raw material, etc. $8,671,671, and value Of entire products for the ye.ir $12,770,565. Wool consumed 22,929,952 pounds ; coal 16,440 tons ; and products 25.805,653 yards of cloth, etc., and 749.655 pouuds of yam. Average hands employed— males 6,167, and females 4,963 ; monthly cost of labor— male $141,533, and female $70,,681 ; average wages— to males $22 95, and to females $14 23 per month. The tanneries employ a capital of $1,377,725 ; value of hides, skins, etc. $2,311,173 ; value of products $3,519,123. Skins tanned 293,000, and sides tanned 1,500,440 ; hands employed— males 1,510, and females 32 ; monthly cost of labor— male $41,245, and female $860. The iron manufacturw, in extent and value, according to the returns of 1350, were as follows: Pi2 Iron. 469,000. . 27,900. Cast Iron. .1,499,050, Vrc.ugtit Iron. .61O,;300.... 1,?55,000.. 185,'741 . . im.. ■ 7,233. . 13aS7. TnWt. . .2,57S,.'!50 , . . 27,900 81,184 7,030 83,1M 3,361 — 3,361 12,401 11,022 23,428 8,600 78,500 1,937,000 1,057,904 221,194 1,404,839 1,596 260 2,119 , 49,210 5,8.50 62,304 . 82,074 6,720 61,081 SpecificatioiM. Capital invested dollars Ore used tons Fig iron used " Old metal used " Mineral coal consumed " Coke and charcoal busliHs Value of all raw material, fuel, etc — dollars .... Hands employed number. . Monthly cost of labor dollars. . . Iron produced tons Value of entke products dollars. . . . 295,124 2,235,635 423,330 2,959,078 The above exhibited manufactures, comprising what ma) with propriety be termed national manufactures, compose but a moiety of the aggregate industrial establishments within thLSUite. Besides these there are in the State immense inter- ests in the manufacture of shoes and boots, carpeting, sperm cal^Hes and oil, soap, carriages and cars, cabinet-ware, cop- per-ware, cord.age, cutlery, engines and boilers, flre-arms, glass, giue^ hats and caps, hollow-ware, etc., hosiery, lead paints, linen thread, lumber and shingles, machinery, musical instrnnicnts, paper, powder, ploughs, etc., saddlery, etc., snuff, tobacco, etc., building stone, str.aw hats, etc.. sugar, tin-ware, tools, upholstery, wooden-ware, etc., and a large num- ber of minor, but still profltable manufactures. Massachusetts, indeed, is »ie great manufacturing Slate of the Union, and in reference to its extent and population, has no superior. It manufactures a*, least one sixth of the .^ggregate articles pro- duced in the workshops of the United States. The products of its eottou-m'dn consUtute one-third of the whole of that staple, and its woolen manufactures are equally preponderant. Commerce, Namgation, e(c.— Massachusetts, in the year ending 30th Juno, 1350,exported to foreign countries to the value of $10,631,763, and imported to that of $30,374,684. Of the exports. $8.25.3,473 wai the value of domestic produce— in American vessels $7,000,103, and in foreign vessels $1,253,370, and $2,428,290 the value 4,4'l'2 tons; registered— permanent 411,973 tons, and temporary Cl,350 tons; enrolled and licensed— permanent 20S,7C7tons; and lieenscd (under 20 tons)— in the coasting trade 1,821 tons, and in the cod fisheries 1,74S tons. Of the registered shipping 122,076 tons were engaged in the whale Bsherx-, and the enrolled and licensed tolmage W03 employed— in the coasting trade 115,M6 tons, in the cod fishery 40,00.3 tons, and the mackerel fishery 42,895 tons; and 7,903 tons were navigated by steam-power. The tonnage of the several districts wa:~-Newburyport 23,262 tuns, Ipswicli 573 tons, Gloucester 22,474 tons, Salem 28,916 tons, Beverley 3,173 tons, Marblehead 6,842 tons, lioston 320,687 tons, I'lymouth 10,722 tons, Fall itiver 18,102 tons, New Bedford 127,960 tons, Barnstable 91,102 tons, Edgartown 7,009 tons, and Nantucket 29,018 tons. The shipping built in the State during the year amounted to 121 vessels of all kinds— 61 ships, 19 brigs, 4G schooners, 3 sloops, and 2 steamers— of an aggregate burden of .35,830 tons; and of the whole number 10 (4,057 tons) were built at Newburyport, 26 (1,996 tons) at Gloucester, 1 (293 tons) at Salem, 8(317 tons) at Marblehead, 4:5 (28,480 tons) at Boston, 5 (579 tons) at Plymouth, 5 (1,2.54 tons) at Fall Kiver, 4 (781 tons) at New Bedford, 2:1 (1 ,SfVJ Ions) at Barnstable, and 1 (109 tons) at Edgartown. The statistics of the Ibreign commerce of the State for a series of years — 1791 to 1850 — exhibit the following movements iu the value of exports and imports : Year. Exports. 1791 ... .. $2,519,051 ... 1792 ... .. 2,883,104... 1793 . . . .. 8,755,.347 . . . 1794 . . . .. 5,292,441... 1795 ... .. 7,117,9117... 1796 . . . . . 9,949,345 . . . 1797 . . . . . 7,502,047 . . . 179S . . . .. 8,639,252... 1799 ... .. 11,421,591 ... 1-500 . . . .. 11,820,876... ISOl ... .. 14,870,556... 1802 ... .. 13,492,633... 1808 ... . . 8.768,666 . . . 1804 . . . .. 16,894,378 ... 1805 ... . . 19.4.35,657 . . . 1806 ... .. 21.199,243 ... 1807... .. 21,112,125 ... ISOS... . . 5,128,!!22 . . . 1809 . . . .. 12,142.293 ... ISIO . . . . . 13,013,048 . . . Impnrt-g. $ Year. 1811 1812 1.813 1814 Export?. . $11,235,405 . . 0,583,333 . . 1,807,923 . . ],l;33,"99 . 1815 5.230,083 . IS16 10,1.36,439 . 1817 11,927,997 . 1318 11,993.150 . 1819 11,899,913 . 1320 11,008.922 . 1S21 12,484.691 . 1822 12,598,635 . 1823 13,033,239 . 1824 10,4.34,.32S . 1825 11,4.32,937 . Iv26 10,098,8l!3 . 1827 10.424..3,83 . 1823 9,026,785. 1829 8,2.54,937. 13.30 7,213,194 . Imports. 14,826.7.32 1S,.3.37,330 17,607,106 16,373,758 15,845,141 17.iii;R.4v> 13,370,564 15,070,444 12520,744 10,4.53,544 Year. FxportJ. 13;!1 $7,733,703 . 1*12 11,993,768 . 1333 9,63:!,122 . 18.34 4,672,746. 1336 10,043,790 . 1836 10,38(),:M0 . 1337 9,728,190 . l':?S 9,104,862 . 13-39 9,276,085 . 1840 10,186,261 . 1841 11,487,34:3 . 1842 9,807,110 . 1843 6,406,207 . IftH 9,096,286. 1346 10,-351,030 . 1846 . 1347 . 1843 . 1349 . 1350 . 10,313,113 . 11,248,462 . 13,419,699 . 10,2I>4.8G3 . 10,031,763 , Imporla. .. $14,209,056 ,. 18,11.8,900 . 19,940,911 . 17,672,129 . 19,800,373 ,. 25,681,462 . 19,984,663 . 13,.300,925 . 19,885,226 . 1C,.518,858 . 20,318.003 . 17,986,433 . 16,7.39,452 . 20,296,007 . 22,781,024 . 24.190,903 . 84,477,008 . 2S,W7,70T . 24,74,5,917 . 80,374,684 Internal TmprorenienU. — In proportion to surface no other State of the Union is so thoroughly supplied with railroads anvl0 Due from other banks . . 8,233,354 Notes, bills of exchange, and all other stock . . . 36.811,625 $661,471 $2,473,859 407,319 5:»,245 53,111 8,.326,S79 998,218 5,837,838 897,951 6,650,233 29,629,683 66,341,110 Total $43,09l»,092 $-34,514,109 $32,604,202 Average dividends of 30 Boston banks in October, 1850, was a fraction over 8.4 per cent— in April, 1851, it was a fraction over 3.9 jier cent ; average dividends of 100 other banks in October, 1850, a fraction over 3.39 per cent., and in April, 1351, a fraction over 3.7 per cent. In 45 savings institutions that made returns there were 86,637 depositors, and $16,5.')4,0S8 deposits securely invested. The average dividends for the year was 4.73 per cent. The whole expense of managing these institutions bus been $1.3,707 during the year. Gomnimfnt.—lhc constitution of this Slate was framed in 1780, amended in 1821, and since tliat period has undergone several modifications. According to its provisions every male citizen, of the age and upward of 21 years, paupers and persons under guardianship excepted, resident the last past year in tlie Slate, and the la.sl past six months at the place of voting, and who, unless exempt from taxation, shall have paid any state or county lax within the last two years, enjoys the right of voting at aU popular elections. The general election is held on the second Monday in November annually. 451 MASSACHUSETTS. The legislixtim authority is vested in a General Court, consisting of a Senate and House of Kepresentalivee. The representatives, at present 299 in number, are chosen by towns in ratio of their population. "Every town containing 1,200 inhabitants may elect one, and an additional representative for every 2,400 above that number; and every town of less than 1,200 iubabitania may elect a representative as many times within 10 years as ICO is contained in 1,200; and every two or more towns may unite and form a representative district; and all these numbers shall be raised one-tenth when the population of the Stale shall be 770,000, and at the same rate for every increase of 70,000 thereaner." Repre- sentatives must be residenta for the last past year of the towns wliich return them. The Senate consists of 40 members, elected from districts of e^iual poi)nlation, but no county is divided in the apportionment, and Nantucket and Duke's counties have only one senator conjointly. The Legislature meets annually on (be first "Wednesday in January. For the purpose of settling the ratio of representation and the senatorial districts a census ia taken everj- ten years. The chief executive power ia vested in a Governor, and a Lieutenant-governor ia elected with the same qualificationi and in the same manner as the governor, viz., annually by a majority of voles. He must have resided in the State for the last past seven years, and be seized of a freehold of $1,000 value. If there be no choice by the people, the representativea choose two of the four candidates, if so many there be, having the highest number of votes, and of which two the Senate chooses one for governor. The governor can veto any bill of the general court, but two-thirds of the members thereof afterward voting in favor of such negatived bill it becomes law nevertheless. The governor is advised and assisted in his duties by an Executive Council, of wbich the lieutenant-governor is ex-officio a member, and which is chusen annually by joint ballot of the legislature. The lieutenant-governor, in case of a vacancy occmring in the office of governor, exercises the chief executive powers, and both failing, the same is exercised by the council. The Secretary of State and Treasurer are chosen in like manner. The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Probate Courts, etc. The supreme court has a chief justice and four other justices, who arc appointed by the governor and council, and hold offiee during good behavior. It has exclusive cognizance of all capital crimes, and exclusive chancery jurisdiction, and concurrent original jurisdiction in all civil cases where the amount in dispute exceeds $600 in Suffolk and $300 in the other counties. It holds law terms in eight of the fourteen counties, and nin prtus terms in all the counties. The court of common pleas is held for the trial of civil cases above $20, and, except in Suffolk Count", has criminal jurisdiction in all cases not capital. There are six judges, one of whom is chief judge, and frequent terms ar» held in each county. In Suffolk criminal juris- diction is exercised by the municipal court. Trial justices and justices of th,e peace exercise local civil and criminal juris- diction in cases of minor importance. A court of insolvency is held in each county on the first Tuesday of each month before special commissioners, and a probate court, consisting of a judge and register, is established at each county scat. Permanent and honorable salaries are provided for all judicial officers. The State militia of Massachusetts in 1S50, according to the returns of the Adjutant-general, consisted of 119,690 men of all arms, of which number 549 were commissioned ofllccrs, and 119,141 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 10 are general officers, 35 general staff officers, 112 field officc-rs, etc., and 392 company officers. The enroUed mditia consists of all able-bodied white male citizens of the age of IS years, and under that of 45 years, and the active militia consists tif volunteers who have a per diem allowance when on duty. The latter are comprised in three divisions and six brigades, embracing two division corps of cadets, one troop of caralrj-, four regiments, one battalion, and one company " annexed" of artillery, and nine regiments of light infantry. Among a large luimber of hcnevolent inditutions for the relief of the unfortunate which exist in Massachusetts, the following are conspicuous for their extent and efficiency : The State Lunatic Asylum at Worcester, founded in 1S33 ; the Massachusetts General Hospital, at Boston, incorporated in ISll ; Perkins Institution, or Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind,at Boston, instituted inlS31; the Boston Lying-in Hospital, instituted inlS32; the U.S. Marine Hospital, at Chelsea; the Lowell Hospital ; and the M'Lean Asylum for the Insane, at Somervillc, a department of the General Hospital. Tbc Asylum at "Worcester is erne of the best infititutions of Ihc kind anywhere established. On the 1st December, 1S49, the number of inmates was 429 — 220 males and 209 femules; admitted during the year 241 — 129 males and 112 females; remaining in the Hospital, 30th November, iSoO, 441— 22S males and 213 females, and of this number 169 were foreigners. Of those admitted during the year 194 were committed by the courts, 16 by the overseers, and 31 were private boarders ; and of ihe number discharged, 125 were recovered, 15 improved, 2S incurable and harmless, 4 incurable and dangerous, and 57 died. Total means of the institution for the year, $62,470; expenditures, $46,776. The average annual expense of each patient, for the 18 years the hospital has been in operation, is $11S 75. Besides the institutions above named, there is a School for Idiots, at Newton, and an Ej'e and Ear Infirmary, at Boston. The deaf and dumb of the State are provided for in the American Asylum, at Hartford. In 1S50, the sums appropriated by the legislature for the sui)port of unfortunaU-s were as follows: Asylum for the Blind, $14,000; Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, $S,206; Eye and Ear Infirmary, $7,000 ; State Lunatic Asylum, $3,200 ; School for Idiots, $2,500, etc. Fi7ia7ices, Deht, r^c— The ordinary revenue received into the public treasury, during the year ending 1st January, 1351, amounted to $492,810 54, and all otiier receipts (including $495,600 temporary loans), to $9SS,950 33— total receipts, $1,4S1,761 02 ; to which add cash on hand, 1st Janaury, 1S50, $5S,55S 3S, and the total rn^ans of the treasury is exhibited nt $1,540,319 40. Ordinary expenditure, $566,055 54; expenditure on other accounts (including $495,600 loans repaid), $650,225 i^^^— total expenditures, $1,416,280 79. Excess of expenditures on account of ordinarj' revenue, $73,244 90; excess of receipts on other accounts, $138,725 13 ; and excess of aggregate receipts, $65,480 23, or, including the cash on hand at the commencement of the year, $124,033 61, of which sum $5,809 22 is on account of ordinary revenue, and $118,229 39 on all other interests. The public debt of Massachusetts on its own account, on the 1st January, 1851, was $1,210,375 ; liability for scrip loaned to the various railroads, $5,049,555 56— total absolute and contingent debt, $6,259,930 56. The value of all property belonging to the commonwealth, at that date, was $10,386,357 45. Excessof resources over liabilities, $4,126,426 89. The total value of personal and real estate assessed for taxation, in 1350, was $546,003,057 ; but the estimate, or true valuation, according to the census of that year, was $573,342,286. Federal ^^prcae^i fail on. —Massachusetts, in pursuance of the provisions of the Act of Congress, 23d May. 1850, is entitled to send el^even- representatives to the National Legislature. Fdu cation. —^ct^OTd\ng to the school report of 1850, the towns raised by taxation for school purposes $864,667, and besides this, $8,714, income of the " surplus revenue," was so appropriated— total, $873,382, lo which must also be added $34,704, contributed as board and fuel. Amount of school fund, 1st December, 1850, $958,921, of which only $740,361 was productive, and yielded $iO,000 for disti-ibufion among the towns. The whole number of children m the State, from 5 to 452 MASSACHUSETTS. l^t yoars old, was 193,232 — tlie numlKT under 5 years attending schcxil was 17,782, and over 15 years, 1S,203. Number of public schools, 3,S7S, taught by S,427 leaehL-rs— males 2,442, and females 5,£)S5. Average scliolars in winter sehools, 11U,408,' and in summer schools, 17*),S44. Average monthly wages, inclusive ofbnard to male?, $:iU 89, and to females $14 42. There were, at the date above referred to. G7 incorporated academies in this Slate, with 3,717 pupils, and an aggregate expenditure of $57,444 for tuition; also, K45 unincorporated academics, private schools, etc., with 19.534 scholars, and an aggregate income fur teaching of $261,241. There are also local funds (endowments) for the support of academies, etc., to (he amount of $854,620, yielding an income of $21,5^. Value of school libraries $42,707, and of apparatus $23,826. The value of public sehool-Iiouses, in 1S4S, was $2,750,000, of which $2,200,000 had been expended since 1S3S; probably in 1S50 the value would not fall short of three miUions. There are three normal schools supported by the State at an annual cost of $6,500 — one utWeslfleld, one atWcst Newton, and one at Eridgcwater— averaging annually, in all, 225 pupils. Massachusetts has four celebrated colleges: Harvard University, at Cambridge, foundcl 163S; William's College, at Williamstown, founded 1793; Amherst College, founded 1821; and College of the Holy Cross (catholic), founded 1S43. There is also a Theological Seminary, at Andover, founded 1807, and the Newton TlK'ul.>gical Institution, at Newton, founded 1S25. Phillip's Academy, incorporated 1780, and located at Andover, stands first among the academic institutions of the State. Harvard University is generally considered as the best collegiate institution in the United States, and certainly is iho best endowed. It has Divinity, Law, and Medical departments, and the Lawrence Scientific School, lately endowc43 alumni; in the Law School, 3 professors and 98 students; in llie Divinity School, 2 professors and 23 students; and in the Medical Scliool, G professors, 117 students, and 575 gr.-idiiates. There is also the Berkshire Medical School, at Pittsfleld, founded in 1823, which, in ls50, had 5 professors, 103 students, and 473 graduates. William's College had 8 professors, 1,317 alumni, 179 students, and a library of 13,751 volumes. Amherst College had 12 professors, 9G3 alumni. 182 students, and a library of 14,000 volumes; and this college has recently added a scientific department to its foundatiiin. Holy Cross College hail 14 professors, 120 students, and a library of 4,220 volumes— this last institution, however, has been destroyed by fire, and at present its collegiate exercises are suspended. Ptihlu: Libraries.— Ono State library, 7,400 vo>cuues ; 23 social libraries, 126,269 volumes ; 4 college libraries, 71,693 volumes; 15 students' libraries, 28,735 Tohmies • 9 libraries of academies and professional schools, 45,450 volumes; 10 libraries of scientific and historical societies, 44.572 volumes ; 700 public school libraries, 91,539 volumes— total, 762 libraries, and 415,658 volumes. Periodical Press.— The: whole number of periodicals and newspapers published in Massachusetts, in 1850, was 209, of which 70 were devoted to politics — 16 whig, and 24 democratic in opinion ; and 139 were devoted to literature, religion, science, etc., including all the character of which is not specially denoted in the returns ; and of the whole number, 22 were published daily, 4 tri-weckly, 11 semi-weekly, 125 weekly, 3 semi-monthly. 29 monthly, and 7 quarterly. The total circulation of the dailies at each issue was 133,083 copies, of the tri-weeklies 3,000 copies, of the semi-weekHes 19,904 copies, of the weeklies 389.102 copies, of the semi-monthlies 2.570 copies, of the monthlies 113,100 copies, and of Iho (jnarterlies 6,000 copies. Iloston is one of the principal literary cities of the Union, and many of its publications are favorably known throughout the world ; and in many other towns the periodical issues are conducted with great talent. Religion-^ Deuoinimilions, — In the t;ible underneath v/ill be found the statiistics of the several reUgious denominations, as returned in the census of 1850 : Dei.orarna- No. of clMircli Value of Denomina- No. of Ooir.li Value of Denomina. No. of ChurcU Value of ti.inj.. Cliur.I.efi. nccum. Proi>erty. Irons. Cburchfs. acorn. Properly. tions. Clrrrr,l.e» acconi. Property. Baptist 2i;2 . .114,1*1 .$1,400 ,.350 Gerni'n Kef, — . . — . $ - K. Catholic . 30 . 30,315 . . $477,500 Christian... 29 . . ll.O'iO 84,250 Jewish 1 . . 200 . 1,200 Swerlenb'g . 3 .. 1,340 . 00,000 Coiigree:at*1.4;}9 . .2;!7,23T . 3,2T0.0S9 Lutheran . . 1 . . -450 . 11,193 Tunker — . . — .. — Dutch Ei-r.. — . — — Mennnnite. — . . — — Union G . 1,S10 .. 9,550 Episcopal.. 5.3 . 23,.5fl.5 . . 097.250 Melhculisl.. 255 .. 94,011 . 9.34,3S0 Unitarian ..103 , 92.933 , 2,320,147 Free 8 . l.llllll . 11, "60 Moravian.. — .. _ . _ Univers.-ilisl.llT . 49,.364 .. 04:3,S75 Friends ... 3T . 1»,S23 . 10S,00ll Presbytcr'n. 15 . . T,"S5 . S2,500 Minor Sects 11 .. 3,SS0 .. 17,460 —making a total of 1,430 churches, having accommodation for 682,908 persons, and valued as property at $10,205,384. Massachusetts constitutes .i diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is a portion of the Koraan Catholic diocese of Boston, province of New York. Pauperism ami Crime.— The number of persons relieved or supported as paupers, in 1S50, was 25.9S1, of whom 7,900 were town paupers, and 16,058 State paupers: and of these Stale paupers 12,3^34 were foreigners. There were in theStato 204 alms-houses, with 20.6.5-1 acres attached, the whole vahied at .$1,255,125. Number relieved in the alms-houses 12,.547, (the average being 4,825), of whom G,429 were unable to labor. Number relieved out of alms-house, 13,757. Average weekly cost of each pauper— in the alms-house $1 OSi, and outrdoors $0 98. Net expenses of alms-houses, including interest, $467,959. Estimated value of pauper labor in alms-houses, $17,966. An-mouth for the river Hudson, on the banks of which they had intended to have formed settlements. They were carried further north, however, and landed near Cape Cod. Their first care was now to form a civil government. They chose a governor, and to aid him an assistant, but the number of assistants was afterward increased to seven. The supreme power resided with the whole people, and it was not until 1639 that they established a representative body. In imitation of the primitive Christians they threw all their property into common stock, but experience soon taught Ihem the impracticabihty of such a system. In 1630, they obtained from the Plymouth company a grant of the land on which they had settled. These original colonists are now known by the title of the "Pilgrim Fathers," and the anniversary of their arrival is still religiously observed by their descendants. Although many detached parties were constantly arriving, the settlement progressed slowly. The first permanent town erected was Salem, and afterward CharIesloT\"n was built. A fresh spring, however, was given to the exertions of the Plymouth company in 162S, in which year it received a new patent, and its powers, which had previously been exercised in England, were now removed to America. Emigration hence became considerable; in July, 1630, seventeen ships arrived at Salem with 1,500 persons, by some of whom Boston was founded. The early years of the colonies were passed tinder a complication of troubles— the French and Indians hovered around them, and the poHcy of the people was dis- tasteftil to the Stuart dynasty. In 1G35 Charles I. appointed commissioners, with absolute powers " to make laws and constitutions concerning either the State, public, or the utility of individuals." Two years afterward he forbade the emigration of all non-conformists, and in 1G3S a quo warranto was issued, upon which judgment was given against the colonists without affording them a hearing. The slate of affairs at home, however, prevented any further prosecution of these designs on the part of the king. The political axiom of the times was, that the peace of the Slate depended upon the imity of religious opinion, and it was mainly the enforcement of this axiom that led to the persecation of dissenting sects by the established government. The experience of their own sufferings in England, from religious persecution, unfortunately taught the colonists no lesson of toleration. Scarcely had they organizetl themselves, than they began to put in practice a similar mode of com- pelling uniformity to that pursued by their own persecutors, and all not professing the peculiar views of the purilau government, then in vogue, were excluded from its protection. In 1635 the famous dispute arose respecting the covenant of grace and the covejiaiit of workSy and those who espoused the side of the latter being the most numerous, resorted to the accepted and ancient mode of glorifying God by persecuting their opponents. The leaders of the Antinomian party were banished, and thus contributed to the settlement of llhode Island, which had been begun the year previous by Eoger "Williams and a party exiled for a similar cause. The downfall of monarchy in England checked the progress of emigration, by securing protection to the puritans at home, but was, in many other respects, advantageous to the colonies. Their civil liberties were safer, and some exUraor- dinary privileges were granted to their commerce. The prospects of hostilities with the Indians, however, compelled Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven to form a defensive confederation. On the Restoration Massa- chusetts was found to have increased in importance to such a degree, that the anxiety of the king was naturally awakened, leet an impression should be made in favor of the superior advantages of democratic institutions, and accordingly coercivo measures were adopted by the crown, and commissioners were appointed to superintend affairs. Tlie navigation laws were enforced, and the destruction of the colonial charters resolved upon, but death marred the execution of the project by Charles II. His successor James was equally hostile to freedom. He determined to unite all the provinces of New England into one g<5vemment under a president and council, and found a fit agent for his purpose in Su- Edmond Andross. After dissolving the charter governments of Connecticut and Khodc Island, the president proceeded to Massa- chusetts, where he compelled a temporary submission. Kemonslrances were in vaiu. The infatuated monarch was determined to crush the spirit of freedom in both bemispherc-s, and in Airtlieranee of his designs, annexed New York and New Jersey to the Union already formed. The government of Andross exi>ired with that of his royal master, and the former order of things was immediately restored. The people of Massachusetts, however, derived no great advantages from the Revolution. They petitioned for the legal restoration of their charter, which the judges of Charles 1 1, had declared to be forfeited, but they found to their dissatisfac- tion that they were not to expect the same liberal provisions as before. The king was to appoint the governor, and by him the assembly was to be called, prorogued, and dissolved, and by him all officers were to be appointed. By the new charter Plymouth was now finally united to Massachusetts. Notwithstanding its objectionable provisions, the new government went into operation without any interference on the part of the people, and this may not seem extraordinary when it is considered that the right of voting, which hitherto had been confined to church members, was now extended to ah freeholders. Almost the first act of the governor and counsel, on their coming into oflSco, was the institution of a court to try the unfort\mate victims of popular delusion accused of witchcraft at Salem. This delusion took possession of the minds of all, and so firmly convinced were the magistrates that the Prince of Darkness was in their midst, using human instruments to accomplish his purposes, that the slightest testimony was deemed suiBcieut to justify a committal for trial. Many were tried, and received sentence of death. The jails were full of the accused, and, alas I beforo the spell of infatuation was 454 MAS MAS broken, which was not before the rich and iaQuential became involved by accusations, no less than twenty unfortunates had undergone the penalty of the law ! The war with the French and Indians, which began in 1690, was not yet terminated. For seven years the frontiers were ravaged. Peace between England and France, which was concluded in 1697, was soon followed by peace with the savages. When war again broke out in Europe, in 1707, Massachusetts again joined in arras with the mother country, and contributed largely in money and men. While thus supporting the wars undertaken by England, however, the assembly did not forget its own rights, and was warmly engaged in contests with the royal governor. Every session presented a scene of altercation, and public business was with difficulty transacted, through the determination of the representalives not li> give a fixed salary to their governor, which the latter was resolved to obtain. War again brokii out between France and England in 1745. and an expedition aErainst Louisburg was projected in ilassaclmsetis. A powerful armament was prepared principally by this province, and the command given to Colonel Peppered, a rich merchant of Boston. The Ibrt was taken, but at the subsequent ])t'ave Louisburg was reahjred to the French, a proceeding wliich caused great discontent in Massachusetts. In the war which ended in the sul»)U£ration of Caiiaiia, M:xssachusctts suri)assed her former exertions in supporting the arms of England. In the year 1757 she had 9,'iii0 men in the field, and maintained tiiis number until tlie return of peace in 1763. The extraordinary expenses of this war led to the imposition of internal taxes on the very colonies which had expended so much blood and treasure in their support Massachuselta was the first to remonstrate agxnst, and the most strenuous to oppose, this injustice. At the recommendation of her court it was that the first continent^il oongress was convened. When, after the repeal of the sl^imp act, the duty on tea was attempted to be imposed, the earliest popular movements appeared at Boston. The attempts uf the British ministry to enforce obedience only strengthened the cause tif the colonists, and the flame of war which broke out in Massachusetts gradually extended itself over the whole Anglo- American possessions. Massachusetts was, in the early part of the contest, the theatre of hostilities, by which she suEFered much, while she contributed greatly by her exertions to the successful issue of the conflict. Tlie extreme pressure of the taxes consequent on these exertions led to serious discontent among the people after the peace of 17SS. The govemmeut was feebly administered, and at length, in 17S6. an open insurrection took place in the western counties. The insurgents, under a popular leader, named Shays, committed great excesses, and all order for a time was suspeuded. They were at length overcome by General Sheppard, and their leaders driven out of the State. Massachusetts ratified the federal constitution on the 6th Feliruary, 17SS. The policy of the State, during the war c)f 1S12, was in opposition to that of the general government Her political weight h.*id always been cast in the scale of the federal party. The whole people were vehemently opposed to the war, and her governors refused to place the State militia under the control of their political opponents. From this period to the Convention at Hartford, in which Massachusetts took an active part, the acts of her party leaders uniformly tended to embarrass the government Massachusetts suffered somewhat in her commerce during the latter ])art of the war, but except in the occupation of a part of the then district of Maine by British forces, experienced little injury from the contest It was during the wars which succeeded the French Kevolution, and this war, that tlie manufacturing interests of Massa- chusetts took root and obtained a permanent stabihiy. Maine Ititherto had been attached to Massachusetts, but in 1S20 this connection was dissolved by mutual consent, and Hie former was admitted as an independent State of the United States. pQ.sTOK, on Massachusetts Bay, is the pohtical capital of the State. Massac county, 111. Situate in the extreme S., and con- tains 234 sq. m. Ohio r. Is its S. boundary, and in the N. is the Pond Slougli, a line of ponds and marshes, with islauds of rich land between, but it has no considerable streams. On the Ohio is a tract of drj' barrens, and further N. much excellent land. Com is the staple product Tobacco is raised, and beef and pork are exported. Farms 885 ; m.imif. 11; dwell. 704, and pop.— wh. 4,070, fir. coL 22 — total 4,092. Cupitiil : Metropolis. Massanuttox, p. o., Page co., Vtrg. : 9T m. N. N. W. Eichraond. Near it is a beautiful sheet of water on Massa- nutton Mountain, which has an unbroken fall of near 50 feet below which the water flows in a deep chasm of lime- stone rock with banks nearly perpendicular. The fall pre- sents a beautiful spectacle. Masses A, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co., y. Y.: 165 m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by Kackelt and Grass r., flow- ing into the St Lawrence, the latter bomiding it on the N. Surface pleasantly diversified : soil rich and fertile, proiluc- ing grass and grains. There is an extensive sulphur spring near Racket r., which evolves large quantities of suljdiu- rcted hydrogen gas, and contains carbonates of soda, lime, magnesia, and sulphur. There is extensive water-power here which is improved, and moves several large mills. The V. contains several mills, workshops, and stores, and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of t 2,in5. Masskt's Cross Koads, p. o., Kent co., Mc/. : 45 m. N. E. Annapolis. Massilox. p. v., Stark co., Ohio: on the left bank of Tus- carawas r., 93 ni. N. E, Columbus. At this point also the Ohio Canal and the Ohio and Pennsylvania R. E. intersect, furnishing avenues of travel and transportation in every di- rcclion. MassUon waa founded in 1S26— in 1340 it contain- ed 1 ,422 inhabitants, and in 1^0 upward of S,500 inhabitants. It is one of the most flourishing interior towns of the State, and is the dep6t of a rich and extensive agricultural vicinity. It has been called, and not inaptly, the " wheat city," its trade in that staple being enormous. The v. is neatly and substan- tially built and many of the dwellings and warehouses are of stone, which is abundant in the neighborhood, and the bridge over the Tuscarawas is also an elegant st<^'ne struc- ture. Tho manufactures of Massilon are in a flourishing condition, and comprise a considerable variety of handi- crafts — iron-ware and flour being the principal products. Bituminous coal ol an excellent quality is abimdant, and has been mined for several years. The aggregate exports and imports of this pl.ace are estimated at nearly $5,000,000 an- nually. A bank is located here. The newspapers publish- ed hero are, the *'M. News" (indep.), the "Wheat City Mercury" (dem.), and the '* Missionary Messenger" (Luth.), all published weekly. The v. has several good schools, among which the Union School stands pre-eminent, and also churches of the principal Christian denominations. The locjitiou of Massilon is well chosen, and is one abounding in rich and warm scenery; its vicinity is thickly settled, and villages have sprung up on all sides. On the west side of the river is a suburb of the v., called West Massilon, which will probably become a large place, having equal facilities with the original village. Massilon, p. v., AUen co., Ind, : in S. E. part of county, 99 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Masstlos, p. v., Clinton co., la. : near W. boundary of county, 2 m. N. Wapsipinicon r, 37 m. N. E. Iowa City. Masten's Cokxek. p. o., Kent co., Del.: 5 m. W. Dover. Mastersonville, p. v., Lancaster Co., Fenn. : 39 m. S. E. Harris burg 455 MAS MAU Masteeton, p. T., Monroe co., OJdo: HO in. E. by S. Columbus. Mast Uope, sla., Sullivan en., K. T.: oa Ihe New York and Erie U. li., I'^O m. New York. Mast Yaud, p. v., Mcrrimac co., JV! JIavip. ; on N. side of Contoocook r., a branch of the Merriinac r., 7 m. W. Concord. The Concord and Claremont 11. K. passes through the v., distant 19 m. from Bradfurd, at which place staj^es connect with cars for Newberry, Sunapee, Newport, Clare- mont, etc. Matagorda county, Tkp. Situate S. E. on the Gulf, and contains 992 sq. m. Colorado r. flows S. through the mid- dle, and many small streams empty iulo Matagorda Bay, the largest being the Trespalacios and Cancy l)ayoux. Sur- face almost uniformly level. Most of tlio county is open prairie, but the Colorado and Cancy have broad forests on either side, and the smaller streams have all narrow b'dts of timber. Soil exceedingly rich, being generally a deep black mold, free from stones, with a substratum of red loam; near the Caney it is of a uuilatto color, light and friable, but clammy and adhesive near Die prairies. Corn and cotton produce large crops. Tobacco of the very best kind is raised in the S., and the coast region is eminently fitted for rice-growing. The sugar raised is superior, and the county is admirably adapted to its cultivation. "When the rafts are removed the rivers will open abundant com- munication with the interior. Farms BO; manuf. 0; dwell. 1T6, and pop.— wh. 913, fr. col. 3, si. 1,20S— total 2,124. Capital: Matagorda. Matagorda, p. v., and cap. Matagorda co., Teit.: on an elevated plain at the S. W. corner of Bay Prairie, 2 m. E. of the outlet of Colorado r., on tlie N. bank of Matagorda Bay, 133 m. S. E. Austin City. It is the only important v. in the county, it has an excellent harbor, and is at all sea- 6or;5 approachable by vessels drawing 8 and 9 feet of water. "When the raft of the Colorado shall have been removed, this town will become the dep6t of one of the most fertile, productive, and extensive sections of Texas. " The Colo- rado Tribune" is the name of a weekly issue. Matamoea, p. o., Hardeman co., Tenn. : 155 m. S. W. Nashville. Matamouas, p. o., Montgomery co., iVi Ctir. : SI m. S.W. Raleigh.^ Matherton, p. 0., Ionia county, Mich. : 25 m. N. W. Lansing. Matildavtllk, p. v., St. Lawrence co., K Y. : on Racket r., 14T m. N. N. W. Albany. Matildaville, p. v.. Clarion co., P^rm. : on tho 8, side of Clarion r., C7 m. N. by E. Pittsburg, and 155 W. N. W. Harrisburg. Mattapokt river, Tirg. : rises in Spottsylvania county, and is formed by the junction of Mat, Ta, Po, and Ny rivers. At the 9. E. point of King "WiUiam County it unites with Famunky r. to form York river. Mattai'Oisett, p. o., Plymouth co., JJ/tw^. ; on Buzzard's Bay, 53 m. S. by E. Boston. The fishery is the chief em- plojTnent of the inhabitants, and is carried to a great extent. There is a fine harbor by the same name which makes up to the v. and affords good anchorage. Mattawamkeag, p. v., Penobscot co.. Me.: on tlie E. side of the Penobscot r., 113 m. N. E. Augusta. Mattawan, p. v., Van Buren co., Mich. : G9 m. 8. "W. Lansing. The Michigan Central B. R. passes tho v. 12ti m. distant Detroit and 127 Chicago. Matteawan, p. v., Duchess co., J^. Y. : on Fishkill cr., 1} m. from the landing on the Hudson, 77 ra. S. Albany. The creek has here a fall of 40 feet, and afTonls extensive water-power, which is improved for nuinnfacturing pur- poses. The v. contains about 2,000 inhabitants, and is tho Beat of extensive iron-works and machine shops, and has besides these several cothm and other factories, chiefly en- gaged in the manufacture of heavy gootls. MATTnEws county, Mrg. Situate S. E. on the Chcsa- 45G peake, and contains 89 sq. m. Piankatank r. is its N- bounihiry, and Mobjack Bay lies on the S., into which East r. flows, the largest stream of the connty. Surface low and level ; soil of average fertlHty. Com is the staple, and there is some good wheat land. The bays and creeks abound m flne oysters, and the shad and herring fi^heriea are very valuable. It has no mill-streams, but winil-mills and tide-mills are used. On the Piankatank is excellent ship limber. I'arms 293; manuf. .3; dwell. 711, and pop. — wh. 3,G44, fr. col. 147, si. 2,923.— total C,"14. Cajntal: Matthews C. H. ^ MA-rrnEW's C. H., p. v., and cap. Matthews co., Virg. : in the centre of county, 9 m. N. W. New Point Comfort, and 59 m. E. Richmond. Matthkw's Miu,s, p. o., Richland co„ III.: on W. side Fox r., 109 m. S. E. Springfield. Matthew- 's Store, p. o., Anne Arundel co., Md. : 15 m. N. by W. Annapolis. Matthewsville, p. v., Pocahontas co., Virrj.: 123 m. ■\V. N. W. Richmond. The v. is situate at the foot of the Alleghany Mountains, which iwund the county on Ihe E. Mattison, t, and p. o.. Branch co,, Mich.: 01 ni. S. W. Lansing. Drained by St. Joseph's r. and Swan er.. one of its branches. There is a pond in tho S. E. part of the L Surface roihng; soil dark, rich, sandy loam, with oak open- ings. The timber land affords excellent grazing, the re- mainder is well adapted to grain. Pop. of t. 475. MATTiTrcK, p. v., Suffiilk CO., K. y. : on the Long Island R. R., S3 m. New York, 133 m. S. E. Albany. It is a small V. situate midway between Great Pcconic Bay and Long Island Sound. It contains a church and about 35 dwellings. Mattoax, sta,, Amelia co., Virg. : on the Richmond and Danville R. R., 27 m. S. "W. Richmond. MAUcn Chunk, t., p. v., and cap. Carbon oo., Penn,: 71 m. N. E. llarrisbm-g. Surface mountainous ; soil gravelly. Drained by Beaver, Mauch Chunk, and other creeks which empty into the Lehigh r. The v. is situate at the head of Ihe Lehigh Canal, on which the great bulk of the coal is carrieil to market, and on the W. bank of Lehigh r., in a beautiful ra^■ine, walled in on either side by rocky mount- ains of a great height, forming a very picturesque appear- ance. This being an important coal regiim, the iuhahilants are chiefly employed in mining and shipping coal. There is but little of the t. under culture, provisions being brought from a distance. There are two anthracite bliLSt fiiniiicea here, each having an annual cap.aeity of 2,000 tons. The great coal mine is reached by an inclined plane some 700 feet in length with a 200 feet rise. A raUway extends to the mine. The Mauch Chunk and Summit Hill R. li. verges from here and connects with the Philadelphia and Reading R. K. by stage from Summit Hill to Tamaqua, distance by stage <■» m. Besides the court-house and usual public buihiings, there are some flne stores, dwellings, and a number of mills and workshops in the t. There are two weekly newspapers published here, the " Carbon Democrat" (dem.), and " Car- bon County Gazette" (whig). Pop. of t. 2,55S. Mauckport, p. v., Harrison co., Ind.: on the N. hank of the Ohio r., near the mouth of Buck cr., 115 m, S. Indianapolis. Maulding'8 Mills, p. o., "Wayne co., III. : 115 m. S. E. Springfield, on the W. side Slrillet Fork of Little "Wabash. Maumee City, p. v., and cap. Lucas co., Ohio : on (he W. side of Maumee r,, at the foot of the rapids and at tlie head of navigation, 113 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. The "Wabash and Erie Canal passes tlio v., and is connected with the river by a siile cut, affording it excellent conunercial facil- ities. It contains a court-house and other county buildings, churches of several denominations, numerous stores, and several factories and flouring mills driven by the excellent water-power afl"orded by the rapids above the place. Pop. 1,757. The "Maumee River Times" (whig) is published hero weekly. Maumee river, Ohio. This river rises in tho N. E. part MAU MAY of Indiana, and flowing N. E., enters Luke Erie through Maumee Bay. It is formed by the jmu-lion of Lltllc ^I. Joseph's, St. Mjiry's, and tiruat and Liltie Au-jhiisc rivers. Its length is about 100 m., and 50 m. from ils nioulh it is 70 rods wide. Tlienavigaliuu is open to schooners and steam- boats IS m. to Perrysburg, and in spring and fall is buatiible to Fort "Wayne, and at all limes furnishes extensive water- power. The "Wabash and Erie Canal is constructed along ils banks, The country on its borders is very produftive. MiCiiELLE, p. o., Pulaski co., Ark. : 15 m. N. W. Little Kock. Maurice river, N. Jer. : a tributary of Dehiwarc r. from Gloucester co. It is navigable '2(1 m. for vessels of SO or 100 tons. It has fine embanked meadows, and on its upper course atTurds valuable water-power. Excellent oysters are taken at lis mouth. Maukicetown, p. v., Cumberland county, N. Jer. : on "W. bank of Maurice r., 10 ra. from its mouth and 61 m. S. ^ W. Trenton. Maukil's, p. v., Yigo CO., Ind. : near a fork of f lu-mau's or., 71 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. MArp.Y county, Ttiui. ti^ituate W. centrally, and contains 49S sq. m. Drained by Duck r. and its l)ranchos. Surface diversified; soil very fertile, adapted equally to grass or grain. Corn is the great staple, and the crop very large. Cotton is a heavy product ; and wheat and the other grains and tobacco all succeed well. The i)asturo8 are fine, and feed great numbers of cattle and sheejt. Pork is a very heavy export. It has extensive and flourishing manufactures of cotton and woolen goods, litiuors, leather, flour, iron-ware, etc. Farms L501 ; manuf. 112; dwell. 2,%1, and pop.— wh. 16,760, fr. col. 90, sL 1*2.670— total 29,520. CapiUil: Columbia. Public Works: Nashville and Alabama li. E. Mavais, p. v., Osage co., Mo. : on "W. bank of Mavais cr., a tributary of Osage r., 23 m. S. by E. JeOtrson City. Masey, p. v., Ogletliorpe co., (J(i. : 47 m. N. Milledgeville, on the Athena Branch of Georgia E. K., 13 m. from Union Point station. Maxfield, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Jfe. : S7 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Piscataquis river and Sebois stream. Surface rolling; soil fertile; well adapted to grain, Tiie v. is pleasantly situate on N. side of Piscataquis r. Water- power is good and is used by several saw-mills. Population of the 1. 186. Maxwell, p. o., Delaware co., Ohio: 21 m. N. Columbus. May, p. o., Lancaster county, Pt/in. : 39 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Mayberky, p. o., Lewis county, Mo. : 105 m. N. by E. JeflTerson City. Maybls'tox, p. v., Newberry dist., S. Car.: on a small cr. which flows into the Cougaree r., 39 m. N. W. Columbia. Mayfield, p. 0., Warren county, Ga. : on the E. side of Ogeechee r., 39 m. N. E. Milledgeville. Mavftelo, p. v., and cap. Graves co., Xy. .• on a branch of Mayfield r., 229 m. S. W. Frankfort. It contains a court- house, jail, several stores and dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Mayfield, p. o., Jackson county, Tout.: 61 m. N. N. E. Nashville. Mayfield, t. and p. v., Fulton co., K Y. : 33 ra. N. W. Albany. Drained by tributaries of Sacondaga r. tSurface mountainous; soil sandy and clay loam, well adapted to grain. The Mayfield ridge crosses the N. part. The v. of Mayflelil is situate centrally, and contains about 30 dwell- ings. The town has several considerable and important manufactures. Pop. 3,429. Mayfield. I. and p. o., Cuyahoga co., 07iio : 129 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Chagrinc r. and some small creeks which empty into Lake Erie. Surface level ; soil fertile. Pop. of 1. 1,117. >L\TFiELD, p. 0., Isle of Wight CO., Vlrrj. ; 57 m. S. E. Eichmond. May FLOWEfi, p. o., Otsego co., A' T. : 63 m. W. AIb.any. K3 May IliLL, 1). o., Lee co.. III. : 133 m. N. Springfield. Mayo. i>. v., llabfax county, Virg.: un the Halifax and BijydloTi post-road, 9o m. 8. \V. Eichmond. Mayo.mno, p. o., Patrick county, Vlrg. : 157 m. S.W. by W. Eichmond. Mayi'ORT Mills, p. v., Duval co., Flor. : on tho N. bank of St. 'John's r., 157 m. E. Tallaha'^see. May's Landing, p. v., and cap. Atlantic co., X. Jer. : on Great Egg Harbor r., at the bead of sloop navigation, 16 ni, from the ocean, and 51 in. S. Trenton. It has a consiik-rable trade in wood and lumber, and ship-building is carrieil on to some extent. It is built on both sides of the r., and con- Uiins a court-house, Beveral stores, and workshops. Pop. about 250. May's Lick, p. o.. Mason co., Ay.: near Johnson's cr., 61 m. N. E. Fraiiklbrt, Mavhvtlm;, p. v., and cap. Clay co., 7/^. .- on tho outskirts of Twelve Mile Prairie, 99 m. S. E. Springflehi, 2 in. W. Lillle Wabash r. The court-house is situaletl here. Maysville, p. v., Mason co., Kt/.: on the S. side of Ohio river, 73 m. N. E. Frankfort. It is situate on a high bank, and is backed by hiUs which rise to a considerable height. For many years it was known as "Limestone," from the creek of that name, which here enters the Ohio. It is regularly laid otit, the streets crossing each other at right angles, and most of its stores and dwellings are substantially built. The principal buildings are the city hall, 7 or S churches, 12 schools and seminaries, a hospital, a bank, 2 steam cotton factories, a bagging factory, 2 foundries, 5 or 6 rope-walks, several saw and flour mills, and other factories, about 50 groceries, wholesale and retail, 27 dry goods stores, several pork-packing establishments, 4 lumber yards, and numerous other manufacturing and trading establishments. The newspapers published here are the "Post Boy" (indcp.), and the *'M. Eagle" (whig), both issued tri-weekly and weekly, and the "M. Flag" (clem.) and tho '-M. ITerahP (whig), both weekly issues. Maysville is one of the most important places in Kentucky ; it has a good harbor, and is the port of a large and productive section (4' the State, and when the railroads now in progress— the Majsviile and Lexington E. E., antl the Maysville and Big Sandy E. li.— are completed, its commercial field will be immeasurably enlarged, and the i)rospects of its becoming a firsl-r.ate mart greatly favored. The great road leading from Chilli- cothe, in Ohio, to Lexinglt>n, passes through this place. The V. was first settled in 17s4, under the auspices of Simon Kenton; in 17S6 it was the residence of Daniel Boone, the famous pioneer; until lsl5 it made little progress; in 1S33 it was incorporated ; in 1S40 it contained 2,741 inhabitants, and in 1S50, 4,255 inhabitants. Its population within the past two years since 1S50 is supposed to have gained 50 per cent, in numbers, an increase dependant on the great facili- ties its railroad connections will give to its trade. Maysville, p. c, Jackson county, Ga. : 73 m. N. N. W. Milledgeville. Maysville, p. o., Madison county, Ahi.: 167 m. N. J W. Montgomery. Maysville C. H., p. v., and cap. De Kalb co., Mo. : on a branch of Blue creek, centre of co., 149 m. N. E. JefTersou City. Maysville, p. v., and cap. Buckingham co., V!rg. : on Slate r., 57 m. W. Richmond. It contains the county build- ings, several stores, and about 300 inhabitants. Maysvillf., p. v., Benton co., Ark, : on a braneh of Flag cr., near Bates Prairie, 175 m. N. W. Little Eoek. Maysville, p. v., Huntingdon county, /?W. ; 79 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Maysville, p. o., Greenbrier co., Virff. : 173 m. W. by N. Eichmond. Maytown, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn,: 21 m. S. E. Harrisburg. It is located about 3 m. N. E. from Susque- hanna r., and contains several stores, and about 200 inhab- itants. 45T MAY MEC Mayville, p. v.. ami cnp. Chautauquo co., J^ K; at the N. W. end of Chautauquo lake, 299 m. W. by S. Albany. It contains the county buildings. The v. is pleasantly situ- ated, and is accessihle by steamboat. The "M. Sentinel" (deni.), " M. Beacon" (whig), and "M. Kxpress" (deni), are published here. It has several shops and stores, and about COO inhabitants. ^[ayville. p. T., Dodge co., Wi^c. : on N. side of Rock r, 47 m. N. E. Madison. Mazun, p. v., Grundy co., III. : on the "W. side of Mazon r., and on the border of Grand Prairie, which covers the S. E. part of the county. Meaue county, Ay. Situate N. "W., and contains 279 sq. m. Drained by Otter, Wolf, and Spring creeks, small affluents of the Ohio, which forms its N. boundary. Sur- face uneven, and in parts hilly ; soil mostly fertile. Com, wheat, and tobacco are the principal crops. It has consider- able water-power and manufactories of woolen and cotton goods, flour, and liquors. Farms 4S9; manuf. 7; dwell. 947, and pop.— wh. 5,799, fr. coL 21, sL 1,573— total 7^98. Capital: Brandenburg. Mkaderville, p. o., Macon co., Tenn.: 47 m. N, E. Nashville. Meadow BLTm?", p. o., Greenbrier co., Virff.: on W. bank of Meadow r., 179 m. W. by N. llichmond. Meadow Branch, p. o., Jackson county, 0?do : CI m. S. by E. Columbus. Meadow Ceeek, p. o., Orange co., IT. Ca/t. : 35 m. N. "W. Raleigh. Meadow Ckkek, p. o., Whitley co., Ki/. : 97 m. S. by E. Frankfort Meadow Dale, p. o., ITighland co., V^rg. : 119 ra. N. W. Richmond. Meadow Faem, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 53 m. E, Columbus. Mead's Bason, p. v., Passaic ro., K Jer. : on the Morris aud Essex Canal, 57 m, S. by W. Trenton. Mead's Coknees, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : 191 m. N.W. narri!rl)ui^. Mead's Mill, p. o.,Wayne co., Mich. : 65 m. S. E. Lansing. Meadsville, p. o., Jackson county, Ala. : 155 miles N. Montgomery. Mbadville, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Mss. : on Mor- gan's Fork, a l)ranch of Ilomoehitto r., 69 m. S. W, Jackson. The court-house is situate in this village. Meadville, p. v., and cap. Crawford co,, Penn. : on the E. side of French cr., 93 m. N. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. It is very pleasantly located on an elevation rising gradually from the r. In the centre is a fine square, on one side of which is the court-house, built of brick and cut stone, and orna- mented with a fine cupola. It contains a number of churches, an academy, and a State arsenal, and is the seat of the Alle- ghany College, founded in lsl7, having (in 1S50) a president, 7 professors, 114 alumni, and lOG students, with a library containing 8,200 volumes. The Western Theological School, also situate^l here (commenced in 1^44), has 4 professors and 40 students. The library contains 8,000 volumes. Meadville is also a manufacturing place. It has several furnaces, tanneries, distilleries, mills, etc., and here are pul>- lished four newspapers, the " Crawford Democrat" (dem.), the "M. Gazette" (whig), the "Pennsylvania Senlinel" (dem.), and the ■' Whig Journal" (whig), all issued weekly. Pop. 1,725. MEAnviLLK, p. 0., Halifax county, Tirg.: 105 m. S. W. Richmond. Meadway, p. 0., Biu-ke counlj', Ga.: 75 m. W. by S. Milled gevillo. Meansville, p. 0., Union dist, S. Car. : 67 ra. W. N. W. Columbia. Mrcoa, t. and p. o., Trumbull county, Ohio : 149 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by tlie Musquito r. and its braiwhes, a tributiiry of llie (>hio r. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. Pop. of t. 873. 4S8 Meciianicsbukg, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m. E. N. E- Harrisburg. MEcuANicSBtjEG, p. V., Sangamon co., M : 13 m. E. by N. Springfield, on a fertile prairie, 4 m. W. Sangamon r. MEonASicSBUBO, p. v.. Champaign co,, Ohio: on Littlo Darby cr., 33 m. W. Columbus. It contains several mills, mechanic shops, etc., and 6S2 inhabitants. Mechanicsbueq, p. c, Henry county, Ind. : S9 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Mecuanicsbukq, p. b., Cumberland co., Petin. : 12 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. The Cumberland Valley E. li. passes through it, 10 m. from Carlisle. It contains a number c)f distilleries, flouring-miUs, saw-mills, etc, and about 6U0 inhabitants. Mbchahtcsbubg, p. o., Macon co., Mo. : 91 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. MECuANicSBuitG, p. V., Van Buren co., la. : in a beautiful and well-cultivated district, lOS m. S. S. E. Iowa City. Mkchanicsburg, p. v., Giles co., Virg. : on a branch of New r., near Walker's mln., 199 m. W. by S. Kiohmond, MECiLiJiic's Falls, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : on the Androscoggin r., 34 m. S. W. Augusta. The Buckfield Branch K. R. here diverges from the Atlantic and St. Law- rence R. R., 36 m. from Portland, The water-power is hero immense. Mechanic's Grove, p. c, Lancaster co.^ Pe?in.: 35 m. S. E. Harrisburg. Mechaxicstown, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : 65 m. N. W. Annapolis. Mf:eiL\N'irsT0WN, p. v., Carroll CO., 0?iio: 113 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Mecuanicsville, p. v., Jasper co., Ga. : about IJ m. E. Ocmulgee r., and 43 m. N. W. by W. Milledgevilie. Mecuamcsville, v. and sta., Westchester co., iV. Y. : on the line of the Harlem R. E., 45 m. from City Hall of New York City. MEcuANicaviLLE, p. V., Saratoga co., N. K .• on the W. bank of the Hudson r., 17 m. N. Albany, and at the mouth of Anthony's Kill, the outlet to Round Lake. There are several mills of different kinds, a number of factories and worksliops, and a match factory here. The Champlain Canal and Rensselaer aud Saratoga E. R. pass through the v., 11 ra. N.Troy. Mecuanicstille, p. 0., Cannon co., TeJin. : 45 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Mecuantcsttlle, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car.: on the Sumterville post-road, 41 m. E. by N. Columbia. Mechanicsvtlle, p. 0., Rutland co., Venn.: 49 m. 8. W. Montpelier. Meghan icsvTLLE, p. v., Bucks co., Penn.: 95 m. E. Har- risburg. Tliis place was formerly called Newark. MEruAMCsviLLE, p. V., Louisa co., Virg. : 46 m. N. W. Richmond. Meciu'm's Rtver, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg.: 107 m. W. N. W. Richmond. The river is here crossed by the Virginia Central R. R., 10 m. W. Charlotteville. Mecklenbubg county, A'! Car. Situate S. W., and con- tains 57S sq. m. Bounded W. by the Catawba, and drained by its branches, M'AIpin's, Gn-at and Little Sugar, David- son's, and other creeks. Surface moderately uneven, and soil very fertile. Cotton is the staple. Corn and wheat are very fine crops, and the grazing is excellent; live-stock, wool, and pork are exported. Fine mill-sonfs are abund- ant, and it has large flouring-mills and distiMi'rics. Several rich gold-mines are in this county. Davidson College, founded 1S33. is in the N. E. part of Mecklenburg, and hiis a president and 4 professors, and in 1S50 had 140 alumni, 60 students, and a library of 5,000 volumes. Farms 1,080; manuf. 16; dwell. 1,632, and pop.— wh. S,2&4, fr. col. 15-3, si. 5,473_total 13,914. Capital: Charlotte. Puhlio Works: North Carolina Central R. R. ; Charlotte and South Carolina R. R., etc. Meoklesbtteg county, Virg. Situate E. on S. line, aud MEG MEI contains 6S5 sq. m. Bonmlcd N. by Melierrin river, and drained by branches of the Koanoke, which flows E. throui^h the S, part. Surface uueveji— in parts hilly ; soil generally fertile, with many tracts of pasture land. Tobacco is the staple, and the production very large ; cotton and wheat are also excellent crops, and the number of sheep reared is large. It has good water-power, fine timber, and manu- factures flour, leather, iron castings, etc. liandolph Macon College is in Mecklenburg. Farms GGO; manuf. 25; dwell. 1,500, and pop.— wh. 7,256, ft. eol. 912, si. 12,40*2— total 20,630. Capital : Boydton. Public Wot-As : lioanoke Valley R. R. Mecklknbtjrg, p. v., Knox co., Tf-nn. : on the E. side of Ilolston r., above the junction of French Broad r., 166 m. E. Nashville, and 12 m. E. by S. from Knoxville. Mecklenburg, p. v., Tompkins co., N. Y. : on the Ithaca post-road, 159 m.AV. Albany. There are a number of mills, factories, and workshops here, and about 400 inhabitants. Mecosta county, ^Ilch. Situate centrally on Lower Peninsula, and contains 720 sq. m. Maskcgon river flows S. W. through the "W. part, and has numerous branches which drain the co. In the N. are many ponds, among them Chippewa Lake, the source of Chippewa river, whose ■waters flow into Lake Huron. The surface is elevated and rolling, with a fine growth oflimber. It is unorganized. Medary, p. o., Putnam county, Ohio: 106 m. N. W. Columbus. Medfield, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., Mass. : 15 m. S. "W. Boston. Drained by Charles and Stop rivers. Surface di- versified; soil fertile and well cultivated. There are in the town several mills and manufactories, among the latter of which there are some of straw goods, which are in a flour- ishing condition. The v, contains several stores and work- shops, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. of t. 966. Medford, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Jfass. : at the head of navigation, on the Mystic river, 5 m. N. by W. Boston. Drained by Mystic r. and its branches. Surface imdulatuig ; soil good and well cultivated. Medford is a flourishing t., having a large number of manufactories of various kinds, producing Unseed oil, spirits, bricks, leather, plows, etc-, together with a number of mills and workshops. Ship- building is carried on successfully to a largo extent. The Boston and Lowell E. R., as also the Middlesex Canal, pass through it, the latter 7 m. from Boston. The village, situate centrally, contains a mimber of stores and workshops. "West Medford is the name of a station on the line of the It. E., 21 miles from Lowell. Pop. of t. 3,740. Medford, p. v., Burlington co., y. Jer. : 23 m, S. Trenton. It contains a Friends' meeting-house, half a dozen stores, and about 800 inhabitants. Medina county, Ohio. Situate N. E., and contains 416 aq. m. Drained by Rocky r., E. I)ranch of Black r., and branches of Chippewa and Cuyahoga rivers. Surface roll- ing ; soil of great fertility, equally adapted to grass and grain. "Wheat and com are the leading cereals. The grazing lands are very fine — the dairies large, and wool and pork considerable exports. It has some water-power and nu- merous small manufactories. Farms 2,461 ; manuf. 77; dwell. 4,430, and pop,— wh. 24,411, fr. col. 30— total 24,441. Capital: Medina. Medina county. Tea. Situate S. W., and contains 1,214 sq. m. Bounded N. E. by Medina and San Antonio rivers, and drained by Hondo, Seco, and Deer creeks of the Rio Frio and Chaean and Perez creeks of the San Miguel. Sur- face undulating, with elevations of considerable height in the N., and mostly a rolling prairie, with narrow strips of wood on the streams. Soil very fertile, producing large crops of com, and furnishing the best of pasture for droves of horses and cattle that roam at largo over the plains. The streams are small, but afford suffleient mill-seats, and the climate Is ver>' eulubrioua. Limestone, marl, and iron are found. Farms 40; manuf. 0; dwell. 177, and pop.— wh. SSI, il. col, 0, si. 2S— total 909. Capital : CastroviUe. Medina, p. v., Winnebago county, III. : 214 m. N. Springfield. Medina, t. and p. v., Lenawoe co., Mieh. : 67m. S. Lansing. Drained by Tiffin's cr. Surface undulating; soil, sand and argillaceous loam; very fertile. There are a immber of mills in ihe t. ; the v. is in N. E. on Tiflin's cr., and contains sev- eral stores and workshops. Pop. of t, 1,6S5. Medina, p. v., Orleans co., X. Y. : on the Erie Canal, at the junction of Oak Orchard cr,, which is used as a feeder, and the Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. R., SO m. E. by N. Niagara Falls, and 247 ra.W. by N. Albany. There are several mills and factories, together with a number of warehouses, stores, and workshops, and a furnace in the village. The "Medina Citizen" (dem.) is issued here. Pop. about 800. Medina, t., p. v., and cap. Medina co., Ohio: 97 m. N.E. Columbus. Drained byRoeky river and its branches. Sur- face undulating; soil fertile. The river affords good water- power. The v. is very pleasantly situate on an eminence in S. W. part of t., on the Cleveland post-road, and contains the court-house and usual number of public buildings, as also a number of stores, mills, and workshops, and 1,00S in- habitants. The " Democratic Whig'' (whig), and "Medina Democrat" (F. S. D.) are issued here. Poi>. of t. 2,010. Medon, p. v., Madison county, Tenn. : 120 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Medusa, p. o., Albany co., A^ Y. : 15 m. W. Albany. Medway, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., J/i/.s-v.; 25 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by Charles river and its branches, whicli afford it excellent water-power. Surface undulating; soil fertile, producing fine grain. Incorporated in 171S, and has several stores, a number of mills and manufactories — among the latter, sevcr.al cotton manufactories. The v. is at lite terminus of a branch of the Norfolk County R. R., and con- tains a number of stores and workshops, and about C) dwellings. Pop. of t. 2,77«. Medway, p. o., Clark county, Ohio : 49 m. W. by S. Columbus. Medway, p. o., Greene co., K K .* 31 m. S. "W. .tUbnny. Medybemts, t. and p. v., Washington co., J/"\: on the S. shore of Lake Monroe, 196 m. S. E. Tallahasseo. MELL^^LLE, p. o., Chattooga co., Ga. : 169 m. N. W. Mill edge ville. Melmore, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : on the N. side of Honey cr., a branch of Sandusky r., 72 m. N. by W. Columbus. Melon, p. c, Harrison coimty, Virg. : 203 m. N. W. Eichmond. Melpine, p. o., Muscatine county, la. : SO m. S. E. Iowa City. Melrose, p. o., Eockingham co., Virg.: lU m. "W. Eichmond. Melrose, p. v., Clark co., ///. .• 103 ra. E. S. E. Springfield. Melkose, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Mass. : 3 m. N. Boston ; formerly the N. part of Maiden. Drained by the head of Mystic r. Surface uneven ; soil good. The v. is on the line of tlie Boston and Maine E. E., 5 m. from Bos- ton, from which point the Medford Branch R. E. diverges. It is a very desirable place of residence for merchants doing business in Boston. Pop. of 1. 1,200. Melrose, p. o., Eush county, Ind.: 39 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Melrose, p. v., and cap. Nacogdoches co., Tko. ; on the okl military road, 219 m. N. E. Austin City. Melton's, p. o., Navarro county, Tex. : 143 m. N. by E. Austin City. Meltonsville, p. v., Marshall county, Ala. : 132 m. N. Montgomery. Meltonsville, p. v., Anson co., N. Car.: on Big Brown cr., 102 m. S. W. Ealeigh. Melvin, p. o., Ballard county, Kij. : 243 m. W. S. "W. Frankfort. Melvdi's Mills, sta., Mcrrimac co., A'; Hamp.: on the line of the Concord and Claremont E. E., 23 m. TV. from Concord. Melvin Village, p. o., Carroll co., A^. ITamp. : 39 m. N. E. Concord. MEMPms, p. v., Pickens co., Ahi.: on the W. side of Tombigbee r., 126 m. W. N.W. Montgomery. Memphis, sta., Clark co., Ind. ; on the line of Iho Jeffcr- sonville R. II., 15 ra. N. JefTcrsonvillc, and 87 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Memphis, p. v., and cap. Scotland Co., 3fo. : on North Fabius r., 13G m. N. Jefferson City. Memphis, p. v.. and cap. Shelby co., T<'nn.: on the E. bank of the Mississippi r., beautifully situated on the fourth Chickasaw bluff, just below the mouth of Wolf r., 191 ni. W. S. W. Nashville. This spot was formerly the site of Fort Assumption, used for the purpose of protecting the country aicainst the Chickasaws. The bluff on which it stands is thirty feet above the highest floods, and its base is washed by the river for a distance of 3 m., while a bedof saudslone. the only known stratum of rocks below the Ohio, juts into 460 the stream, and forms a convenient lamling. From the mouth of the Ohio to Vicksburg, 650 ni., it is the only site for a commercial mart on either side of the Mississippi. Some distance from the brow of the bluff, a handsome range of One buildings extends for several squares. Every day gives additional evidence of the incre:ising prosperity of this already prosperous city ; and although the commerce ia great, yet the citizens do not intend to rely on that alone. Manufactories will soon claim a part in adding to lier wealth. Preparations are making for building a boat yard on as extensive a scale as any in the west. The gentleman who opens the yard is said to be one of the most experienced boat builders in the TTnion. In addition to this, there is an extensive flour-mill just completed, capable of making 62.000 barrels of flour annually ; also a large cotton manufactory, employing a large number of operatives. There is a fine, well laid out navy yard situate here, witli facilities to build the largest size vessels, at which a commander and usual complement of officers are stationed. It bids fair to be one of the finest navy yards in the United States. The public spirit is such in Memphis, that it will soon be one of the finest cities in the West. The Memphis and Charleston E. R. is now partially in operation, and other public works are in contemplation. There are a large number of fine dwellings, stores, workshi»p3, etc. The "Inquirer," daily and weekly (dem.), " Eagle," daily and weekly (whig), "Ap- peal," weekly and semi-weekly (dem.), "Express," daily and weekly (dem.), "Christian Advocate," weekly (Meth.), " The Southerner," weekly (Indopen.), and " Daily Dime,'* daily (neut.), are the names of the newspapers published here. Pop. S,S39. Mempuis, p. o., St. Clair co., Mich. : 95 ra. E. Lansing. Mempuremagog lake, Verm. This lake lies on the N. boundary, and the greater part within Canada. It is be- tween 30 and 40 miles long, and from 2 to 3 wide — but 7 or S miles only is within the United States. It covers alxmt 15 sq. m. in Vermont, and receives Clyde, Barton, and Black rivers ;aiul its own waters are discharged through St. Francis r. into Lake St. Peter's, an expansion of St. Lawrence r. On an island 2 miles within the Canada line is found a quarry of novacidate, known by the name of "Magog oU-stoue," which is i!i high repute. Menallen, t. and p. o., Adams co., Fenn. : 30 m. S. "W. Harrisburg. Drained by Conowago er. and its brandies. Surface hilly, in some parts mountainous; soil fertile. The water-power is excellent. There are a large number of mills, some manufactories, and several stores in the t Benders- ville and Middletown arc namesof villages. Pop. of t. 2,623. Menan islands, Me. Fetit or Little Metian lies off the harbor of Steuben in the Atlantic, 3 m. S. S. E. Goulds- borough Harbor; and Grand Menan. a large island, lies off Passamaquodily bay, and is within the British lines. There is a light-house on Petit Menan. (^See Lighthouses of tub United States). Menabd county. III. Situate W. centrally, and contains 307 fq. m. Drained by Sangamon r. and Salt cr. Surface undulating; soil largely prairie, a deep rich loam mixed with sand, and exceedingly fertile. Timber is found plenti- fully in groves, and near the rivers. A superior farming co., raising heavy crops of corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes, and exporting live-stock, wool, and pork. It has good mill streams, anil considerable manufactures. Farms 706 ; manuf. 3S; dwell. 1,035, and pop.— wh. 0,32S, fr. col. 21— total 6,-349. Capital: Petersburg. Menasha, p. v., Winnebago co., TT/w. .' on the N. shore of Winnebago Lake. 06 m. N. N. E. Madison. The U. S. land office for the Menasba district is at this village. Mendham. t. and p. v.. Morris county, y. Jer. : 37 m. N. Trenton. Drained by Indian r. and the head waters of Wliippany r. Surface liilly, in the N. mountainous; soil fertile. There arc in the t. several mills and manufactories, and a number of stores and workshops. The v. is situate on the Morristown post-road, and contains a nnmber of MEX MER dwellings and stores and si-vural workshops. Poj.ul.ilion of the t. 1,T20, Mendocino county, Cal{f. Situate N. W., and contains about S.500 sq. m. The Paeiftc f -rms its W., and Kiissian r. most of il3 K. houndnry. It has few slreiiins of any con- siderable size, i)ul all flow into the Tai-iflc from the range of mountains which lies near its E. border. The surface is much broken by spurs of the coast range, which extend nearly to the ocean. The county is unorganized and little settled, the population being only 416. Mendos, p. o., Madison county, Ind.: 35 m. N. E. Indianapolis. MENunx, p. v., Adao^ county, III.: So m. W. by N. Springfield. Mendon, t. and p. v., ■Worcester co., Ma.\s. : 35 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Blaekstone and Mill rivers. Surface variegated ; soil of good quality and well cultivated. The products of the dairj- are large and valuable. It has excellent water-power. There are sevt-ral mills and manu- factories of different kinds in the t., and a large quantity of cotion and woolen is manufactured. Fir.er on the streams, and near the Mississippi. Com and wheat are the staples, and pork a large exp(>rt. Farms 517 ; niauuf. ; dwell. K92, and pop. — wh. 5,244, free col. 2 — total 5.241). CapiUil : Millersburg. Mep.cee county, K'j. Situate E. centrally, and contains 24S sq. m. Bounded N. E. by the Kentucky, E. by Dick's r., and drained W. by heads of Salt r. Surface uneven ; soil very productive. Corn is the great staple. Wheat, rj-e, and oals yield largely, and the pastures arc very superior. Live-stock, beef, wool, and pork, are large exports. It man- ufactures cotton and woolen goods, flour, iron ca.stings, and leather. Farms SSI; manuf. 87; dwell. 1,7G2, and pop. — wh. 10,472, free col. 335, si. 3,2G0— total 14,007. C'-qnUil: Harrodsburg. Mep.cee county. Mo. Situate on N. line, and contains 521 sq. m. Drained by E. and W. forks of Medicine cr., Muddy cr.. Weldon r., and Crooked Fork of Grand r. Sur- face somewhat uneven, wiih ft-w^ hills; soil generally ferliK', and adapted Ui grazing. Corn, live-stock, and jiork. arc the principal products. The county is well timbered, and has abundant water-power. Farms 272; manuf. 3; flw.ll. 412, and pop.— wh. 2,671, free col. C, slaves 14— total 2,C?1. Ci/jfitttl. : Princeton. Meucer county, X. Jer. Situate W. middle, and contains 272 sq. m. Bounded E. by a br-inch of Raritan r., an-I W. by the Delaware, and drained by small afUuents of boih. Surface mostly even ; soil verj^ pr<.wluctive, and undi^r high cultivation. Corn, wlieat, rye, buckwheat, oats, and pota- toes, are all fine crops. It has very superior gardens and orchards, and fumislies for tlie adjacent market.s excellent vegetables and fruits, particularly apples and peaches. It has a large capital employed in manufactures of cotton and woolen goods, liquors, leather, earthen-ware, iron eastings, and machinery, flour, cordage, paper, oil, and lumber. Farms 1,051 ; manuf. 191 ; dwell. 4,624, and pop.— wli, 25,9S7,free col.l,0ll9,sl. 6— total 27,992. Capital: Trenlnn. Public Works: Dt-laware and Laritan Canal ; New Jersey E. R. ; Belvidere Delaware li. K. ; Trenton Branch P. II. ; Camden and Amboy K. R. Mewer county, Ohio. Situate on W. line, and contains 451 sq. m. Drained by St. Mary'f^ an^l "Wabash rivers and Ibeir branches. Surface gently unduJaling. and soil ni'wtly fertile. Corn is the staple product. "Wheat, oals, and pota- toes are successfully cultivated, and some live-stock and pork exporled. Farms 675; manuf 9; dwell. 1,312, and jiop. — wh. 7,4ril, free col. 811— total 7,712. Capitnl : Celina. Mercer county, Penn. Situate N. "W., and contains CIS sq. m. Drained by Shenango, Neshanock, Pymatnning, Deer, and Sandy creeks. Surface hilly and broken; soil generally ft-rtile, and better adapted to grass than grain. "Wheat, corn, buckwheat, rye. oats, and potatoes, are for the most part successful crops. Grazing demands the chief at- tention, and the dairies are large and very fine. The amount of wool slieared is very large, and live-stock, beef, and pork, are very heavy exports. It has abundance of wa(rr-p"wer, bituminous coal, and iron ore, and is largely engaged in the manufacture of iroti. "Woolen goods, leather, and earlhen- ware, are also exlensively made. Farms 2,9-^9 ; manuf. 150; dwell. 5,402, an-l pop.— wh. S2.SS1. free col. 291— total 33,192. Capital: Mercer. Puhlic Works: Beaver and Eric Canal. Mercer county. Virff. Situate S. W., and contiiins 5S3 sq. m. New r. forms the E. bou[iIea. It has very fine dairies, and shears an immense amount of wool. Sunapce Lake lies in the W., and on the Merrimac it has almost unUmited water-power, most of which is occu l)ied by large cotton and wtx'len factories, aud numerous lumber, flour, and grist mills. It also manufactures leathor, earthen-ware, glass, paper, books, etc. In the E. is a quarry of granite, highly valued for building purposes. Farms 3,220 ; manuf. 215 ; dwell. 7,400, and pop.— wh. 38,864, fr. col. 81— total 3S,445. Capital: Concord. PnUle Worls: Portsmouth and Concord R. E. ; Coutoocook Valley R. E. : Concord E. E. ; Concord and Claremont R. E. ; Concord and Montreal E. E. ; Northern E. R. ; New Hampshire Central R. E. Merrim.vc river, JV; Samp, and Jifasf. : one of the largest ri\ers of New England. It is formed by the union of Pem- egewaeset r.. which rises near the Notch of the White Mount- ains, with ^\^nnipiseogee r., which proceeds from the lake so called. The junction takes place at Sanbomton,70 miles below the source of ihe former, which is the main stream. Its general course is S. by E. until it enters the State of Mas- sachusetts, when it cun-cs to a general course of nearly N. E. and E., until it falls into the Atlantic, a htlle below Newburyport. It is navigable for vessels of 200 tons to Haverhill, and by means of the Middlesex Canal from Chelmsford to Boston harbor, and canals and locks around the Falls, a boat navigation is opened to Concord, New Hampshire. Bow Canal, a few miles below Conconi, com- pleted iu l!>12, cost $20,000 ; six miles farther down. Hooksct Canal cost $15,000, overcoming a fall of 17 feet : Amoskeag Canal cost $50,000, overcoming a fall of 45 feet; below Amoskeag Canal the r., for 9 m., is converted into the Union Canal, overcoming six distinct falls ; and 5 m. below aro Cromwell's Falls, made passable by a canal. Union Canal, including that of Cromwell's, cost $50,000 ; 15 m. below, in Massachusetts, is Wecassee Canal, cost $14,000 ; and 3 m MER MIA below is the entrance of the Middlesex Canal. Tlie r., by means of tliese canals, furnishes an Incredible amount of water-power, wiiieh has resulted iu the establishment of the principal manufacturing towns of the Union along its course. It is bridged in almost every town along its banks. Merblman's Shop, p. c, Prince Edward co., Virg. : 59 m. S. W. Kichmond. MERparr's Beuige, p. o., Lexington dlst,, S. Qn\ Mhrkitistown, p. v., Fayeltu co., Fenn. : on W. side of Dnulap's cr., IDG m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. It contains a number of dwellings, stores, and a few workshops. Merrittsville, p. v., Greenville dist,, S. Ca/\: on the N. fork of Saluda r., 10(i m. N. W. Cohimbia. MEBniWETUEE county, (rn. Situate \V. middle, and con- tains 476 sq. ra. Boundeil E. by Flint r., and drained by its branches, and W. by branches of the Chattahoochee. Sur- face pleasantly diversified; soil very fertile. Cotton is the great staple, and commands almost exclusive attention. Com and wheat yield more than average crops, and neat cattle and swine are reared in large numbers, in the S. are white sulphur and warm springs. Farms S2-I; mauuf. 0; dwell. 1,4-23, and pop.— wh. S,4S1, Ir. col. 2, si. 7,993— total 16,4T6. Capital; Greenville. Mekryall, p. 0., Bradford county, Penn.: 113 m. N. Ilarrisburg. Merry Hill, p. v., Ecrtie co., N. Car. : 103 m. E. by N. Ealeigh. Mekky Meetixg bay, N'. Ramp. : a S. E. branch of Win- nipiseogoe Lake, 1,600 rods long. Mebht Meetixg bay. Me. : an eKpansion of Eennebec r. at the confluence of Androscoggin r., above Bath. Merry Motrsx, p. o., Warren co., iV". Cur. : &i m. N. N. E. Ealeigh. Merry Oaks, p. v.. Barren county, Kij. : 103 m. S. W. Frankfort. Merry Oaes, p. o., Ilarailton co., Teiin.: 114 m. S. W. K'ashville. Meeshon's Cboss Eoads, p. o., Laurel county, Ky. : 73 m. S. S. E. FrankforL Meeton, t and p. v., "Waukesha co., Wi^c. : 52 m. E. by N. Madison. Drained by several streams, and contains several small lakes. Surface undulating; soil fertile. The v. is connected with Milwaukie by a plank-road. Pop. oft. 1,7G3. Merwinsbukg, p. o., Monroe co., J'enn. : 97 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Mesopotamia, I. and p. v., Trumbull co., Ohio: 143 m. N, E. Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and several afflu- ents. Surface undulating; soil fertUe. There are in tlic I. a number of mills and workshops. Pop. 959. MESSDfA Springs, p. o., Onondaga co., iV. Y.: 1'29 m. W. by N. Albany. Messonoo, p. 0., Accomac co., Virg. : 104 m. E. by N. Eichmond. Metamora, p. v., "Woodford co., I/L: 69 m. N. by E. Springfield. The t. is on the border of fine prairie land. Metamoea, p, o., Franklin co., Intf. : on the N. side of "White Water r., 5S m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. METAiiORA, t. and p. o., Lapeer co., Jfich. : 67 ra. E. by N. Lansing. Drained by forks of Flint r., which have their sources in thist. Surface undulating; soil fertile. It con- tains a few stores and mills. Pop. of t S21. Metamoea, p. v., Fulton co., Ohio : on S. side Ottowa r., 129 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Metamoea, p. o., Pike county, Penn.: IIS m. N. E. Harrisburg, Metea, p. v., Cass co., Ind. : 79 m. N. Indianapolis. Metedec occK, p. v.. Ocean co., K Jer. : on the S. side, and near the mouth of Metedecouck r., 83 m. S. by E. Trenton. Methuen, t and p. v., Essex co., Mass. : on the N. bank of the Merrimac r., which forms its S. boundary, 25 m. N. i "W. Boston. Drained by Spigot r., which has a water- fall of from 30 to 85 feet, affording c-vcellcnt hydraulic power. Surface uneven; soil fertile, yielding abundantly. There are a number of mills and manufactories iu the t. Wood is to be found here in abundance. There is also an extensive bed of excellent peat. The v. is romantically sitr ualed on an eminence on both ^ides of Spigot r., at the falls, and on the line of the Manchester and, Lawrence R. It., 24 m. Manchester, and contains a number of stores, several mills and manufactories, and some workshops. Pop. of t. 2,543. Metomen, t. and p. o.. Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 52 m. N. by E. Madison. Drained by tributaries of Wisconsin r Pop. 750. Metompkin, p. o. and isle, Accomac co., Virg. : on the Atlantic coast, 107 m. E. by N. Kichmond. Meteopolis Crrv, p. v., and cap. Massac co-i -Z?^. •' on a high bank on the N. side ol the Ohio r., 194 m. S. S. E, Springfield. It contains the court-house and usual number of public buildings, and 400 inhabitanK The " Metropol- itan" (dem.), and '* Metropolis Kegister" (whig), are weekly issues. Mets, p. 0., Steuben county, Ind. : 14=3 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis, Metuches, p. T., Middlesex co., X. Jtr. : on the line of the New York and Philadelphia li. E., 2(j m. Jersey City, and 80 m. N. E. Trenton. Mexkx), p. v., Miami co., Jiid. : on the E. side of Eel r., 73 m. N. Indianapolis. Mexico, p. o., Jefferson county, Ala.: 96 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Mexico, t. and p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 35 m. W. N. W. Augusta, Drained by Webb's branch on the E,, Andros- coggin r. on the S. boundary, and by Swift brook on the W., near the mouth of which is the village. Soil fertile, and adapted to wheat Pop. 4sl. Mexico, p. v., and ctp. Audrain co., Mo. : on the E. side of the 8. fork of Salt r., 44 m. N, N. E. Jefferson City. It contains the court-house. Mexico, t. and p. v., Oswego co., iV! Y. : 137 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Salmon cr., which flows into Lako Ontario, and forms the N. boundarj'. Surface varied ; soil clay loam, and ver>' fertile. Water-power is very good. There arc in the t. several mills and factories and a num- ber of workshops The v. is situate on Salmon cr., and is the site of a number of mills, etc. Colosse, Texas, and Union Square are names of other post-offices in the town. Pop. of t. 4,221. Mexico, p. v., Wyandott cb., 07do : on the E. side of Sandusky r., 71 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Mexico, p. v., Juniata co., Penn. : on the S. side of Juni- ata r., 33 m. N. W. Ilarrisburg, and 44 m. from Ilarrisburg by the Pennsylvania R. Pv., which passes through the village. Mexico, Gulf of: a great inland sea between the coasts of Mexico and the United States— that part within the United Slates washing the shores of Texas, Louisiana. Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, It receives the Mississippi, the liio Grande, and a number of other but smaller rivers from the central valley and the southern slope. Meyee's Mills, p. o., Somerset co., Penn.: 127 m. W. Ilarrisburg, Meverstows, p. v., Lebanon co., Penn.: on tlie head waters of Tulpehocken er., 31 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. The Union Canal passes the village. Miami county, Ind. Situate N. centrally, and contains 376 sq. m. Drained by the Wabash and its branches, Eel and the Mississinewa rivers and Deer cr. Surface generally level, somewhat hilly on the Wabash. About one-half is prairie or bottoms, the rest well timbered, and the soil uni- versally fertile. Corn is the leading staple, and pork a large export. Most of the grains succeed well, and the rais- ing of horses and stock receives much attention. Tho county has good water-power, and large and rapidly in- creasing manufactures of flour, lumber, iron castings, ma- chinery, leather, etc. Farms 1,1S4; rnanuf. 4S; dwell. 1.944, and pop.— wh. 11,293, fr. col. 11— total 1 1,30-1. Capital: 4C3 MIA Mien Peru. PuUic Works : Wabash and Erie Canal ; Peru and Indianapolis II. K., with the Goshon Extension. Miami county, O/ifo. Situate W. middle, and contains 414 sq. m. Urained by Miami r. and its branrlies, Panther, Greenvillf, and Stillwater creeks. Surface sliglitly uneven : fioit very productive, and well adapted to grazing. Com, wheat, rye, and oats are large staples. The dairies are verj- fine, M'ool is sheared largely, and beef and porlv are heavy exports. Water-power is plenty, and flour, leather, wool- ens, earthen-ware, and liquors are manufactured. Farms 1,SS2; manuf. 177; dwell. 4,391, and pop.— wh. 24,393, fr. col. 50S— total 24.9H6. CupiUd: Troy. Puhlic Work^: Miami Canal; Columbus, Urbana, and Piqua R. E. Mi.,LMT, p. v., and eap. Dade co., Flor. : on Key Bu^cayne Bay, 429 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Here is a flourishing v., with ample accommodation for invalids, and a climate un- surpassed for equable temperature and elasticity of the atmosphere. Miami, p. v., Saline co., J/a ; on the S. bank of the Mls- Bouri r., 63 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Miami, t. and p. o., Hamilton co., Ohio : on the N. bank of the Ohio r., 103 m. S. W. C'Olumbus. The t. is boundcil on the N. and W. by the Miami r.. several small branches of which serve to drain it. Surface, a series of beautiful hills; soil very productive, and nnder high cultivation, with some excellent wood lands. There are some fine mill-sites on the banks of the rivers, and several manufactories have been established. North Bend and Cloves are names of places : the former is the place originally laid out by Judge Symmes for the great eity of the West. All traces of a village have disappeared, and it is now only noted as the former residence and grave of the lamented President Harrison, a short distance from which is also the grave of the Hon. John Cleves S>Tnmes. The latter is a beautiful and thriving village, with about 300 inhal>itants. The proposed line of the St. Louis and Cincinnati E. E. crossea the S. part of the t. Pop. l,r)D7. Miami, p. v., Miami county, hut : on Deer cr., 53 m. N. Indianapolis. The contemplated line of the Peru and In dianopoHs E. E. passes through the village. Miami river, Ohio: a large tributary of the Ohio r., which rises in Hardin count)', and after a S. W. course of 100 m., enters the Ohio in the S. W. corner of the State. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth ; the current is very rapid, but it is navigable only to a limited extent for 75 m., and its waters are connected with those of the Auglaize, a S. branch of Mau- mee r., by a portage of only 5 miles. It receives many im- portant branches, and affords extensive and valuable water- power, which has been improved at several points. MiAMTSBURG, p. v., Montgomery co., Ohio: on the Miami Canal, 53 m. N. Cincinnati, and on E. side of the Miami river, 71 m. W. by S. C-olumbus. The v. eommunieates with the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton R. E. by a bridge across the river, 24 m. N. by E. from Hamilton. It contams a number of fine stores and warehouses, some milU and factories, and about 160 dwellings. MiAMisviLLE, p. o. and sta., Clermont co., Ohio: on the line of the Little Miami E. E., 17 m. from Cincinnati, and SI m. S. W. Cohimbus. MiANrs, p. 0.. Fairfield co., Conn. : 45 m. S.W. Hartford. MiCANOPY, p. o., Alachua co., I'tor. : 119 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. MiccosuKEE, p. v., Leon co., Fior. : on the W. border of Miccosukeo Lake, 19 m. N. E. Tallahasse. MionAEi£ViLi.E. p. o., Ilartord CO., JfcL : 46 m. N. by E. Annapolis. THE STATE OF MICHIGAN. MicniGAK, consisting of two peninsulas, lies between latitudes 41'^ 45' and 4S^ N., and between longitudes S2^ 25' and 90° 34' W. from Greenwich, or 5° 2S' and 13° 32' from Washington. It is bounded* north, north-east, and east by Canada, from which it is separated by Lake Superior, the Saidt SL Marie, Lake Huron, the Strait and Lake St. Clair, De- troit Strait, and Lake Erie ; on the south by the States of Ohio and Indiana ; and on the west by Lake Michigan, which divides it from Illinois and Wisconsin, and the Monomonie and Montreal rivers, separating it from Minnesota Territory. The total land surface comprises an area of 56,243 square miles, and the area of the waters within the constitutional Ihnits of the State is computed at 36,324 square miles. The lake coast of Michigan is more than 1,400 miles long. The location of the separate peninsulas determines their nomenclature. The Southern, or Michigan Proper, is bounded on the south by Indiana and OJiio ; on the cast by Lake Erie, Detroit Strait, the Lake and Strait St Clair, and Lake Huron ; on the nortb by the Strait of Michilimackinac, and on the west by Lake Michigan. In these limits are comprised Qearly two-thirds the land surface of the State. The NortJiern Peninsula extends from the Montreal and Monomonie rivers to the St. Marie Eiver, and has Lake Superior on the north and Lake Huron on the south of it. The surface of the Xorth^m Peninsula is much diversified by mountains, hills, valleys, and plains. The eastern portion, from the head of the peninsula to the " Pictured Kocks," is represented as undulating, rising gradually from lakes Michigan and Superior to the interior, where it terminates in a more elevated table-land, with a shore on tlie north sandy, and on the south calcareous rock. Westward the country becomes broken into hills, with intervening plains, until it is interrupted by the Porcupine Mountains, which form the dividing ridge separating the waters of Lake Superior from those of Lake Michigan. The highest peaks toward the western boundary have been estimated at from 1,300 to 2.000 feet high. The ridge is ollen broken through by the larger streams, bordered by extensive valleys. The spurs of these mountains project in different directions, often exhibiting their denuded cliffs upon the northern shores. This ridge has a greater proximity to the northern coast, which it lines with rock, from the Pictured Eocks to the western extremity of this penin- sula, except where interrupted by occasional plains of sand. The structure of a part of the northern and eastern portion is of the primitive, and the southern of the secondary formation. Many parts exhibit little else than "developments of Bublime scenery, and some portions appear like a dreary, deserted solitude, surrounded by all the frightful terrors incident point V * The boundaries of Micliigan, as defined by an Act of Congre93, pnsseJ 15tb June, 1836, are as follows ; " Beginning at tlie point wliere a line drawn dirert from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the most northerly cape (called North Cape) of Maumee (Miami) Bay. intereecta the eHsterii boundary line of the Slate of Indiana, and ninning thence with the said line to the said most northerly cape of the Maumee Bay,— and thence from the eaid north cape of the said Bay, north east to the boundary line between the United Stales and the province of Upper Canada in Lake £^jg thence with the aaiJ boundary line between Ihe United Stale* and Canada, through the Detroit River, L»ke Huron, and Lake Superior, to a where the said line last touches Lake Superior" (bcin^ the mouth of Pigeon Uiver),— " tlience, in a direct line through Lake Superior, to the ulli of the MontrealRiver,— thence, tlirougli the muldle of the main chaiinel oflhe said River Montreal, to tlie middle of the Lake of the Desert,— thence in a direct hne to the nearest head water of the Monomonie River,— thence, through the middle of that fork of the said river first touched by the said line, to the main channel of the said Monomonie River,— thence, down the centre of the mnin channel of the same, to the centre of the most usual ship thnnnel of the Green Bay of Lake Michigan,— thence, through the centre of the most usual ship channel of the said bay, to the middle of Lake Michigan,— thence, through the middle of Lake Michigan, to the northern boundary of the State of Indiana, as that line was est;tbli«*lied by the Act of Congress of the nineteenth of April, eighteen hundred and sixteen.— thence, due east, with the north boundary line oflhe eaid State of Indiana, to the nortli east corner thereof,— and tbence south, with the east boundary liceof ludiana, to the place of beginning " 4&J MICHIGAN. to such northern latitudes. The irrcator portion of the peninsula, the siiml plains excepted, is covered with iinniLnse forests, principally of white and yellow pine, a portinu of spruce, hemlock, birch, oak, and aspen, with a mixture of maple, ash. and elm, especially upon the rivers. Of the pine lands, there are millions of acres stretching between the Sault St. Marie, the Ontonagon, and Montreal rivers. To convert this material into lnml)er, there are discharging into the lakes forlv large and sLtty smaller streams, which will furnish a hydraulic power sufficient for all purposes. These streams, the largest of which does not exceed 15(1 miles, irrigate the country abundantly, and by their facilities for navigation, furnish easy access to the interior. The head branches of the opposite lake-streams oHeii interlock, and when they do not com- municate, furnish an easy portage from one to the other, by which navigation between the lakes is easily effected with the li[;:hter craft. The lake coast of this section of the State has been estimated at between seven hundred and eight hundred miles in length, and that five-sevenths of the entire peninsula may Iw reached by the common lake vessels. This peninsula (the northern part of which has sometimes been called the jSf'heria of Michigan), it is probaV>te will never be noted for its agricultural productions, or immediately for the density of its population. With the exception of the fertile intervals on the rivers, fiic soil of the northern portiim has all the evidences of sterility, as is exhibited in its mountains and barren sand plains. The southern part is more congenial in climate and soil. This is the limestone region, wliich extends to an undetermined hne, separating the primary and secondary formations. Throughout this region the sugar maple tree is abundant, interspersed with the while and red oak, the beech, and occasionally tracts of spruce and other forest trees. It is here that the more even and fertile tracts of land are found, and where, at some future day, will cluster the agricultural population of the peninsula. The soil is admirably fitted for grasses and all esculent roots ; tlie potato also finds here a congenial locality, and the ordinary garden vegetables grow luxiu-iantly. "Wheat and other small grains may be cuUivateii,l>ut for com the country and climate ai)pears to be uncongenial. The lake fisheries, on both sides of the peninsula, are destined to be of no mean importance to the welfare of the settlers. In variety numer- ous, and in the greatest abundance, the fisheries in these waters have long attracted the attention of those counting the resources of the section. The Indians formerly derived a considerable portion of their subsistence from this sourw, and from the first settlements of the French to the present day tht-ir value has always been asserted. But this peninsula is also the great mineral region — not only of the State, but of the Union, and on that interest will its future prosperity mainly depend. Iron* and copper are found in all the western and nortliern parts, from the Picturesum, etc., varying with locality. The limestone of Michigan is for the most part of a subgranular structure, quite compact, and well adapted to agricultural pur- poses, and though at many points it is capable of producing a valuable lime upon burning, it is not unfrequenlly too silicious to answer that purpose. Below the gray limestone formation the graywacke, or lower sandstone, stratum is suj)- posed to exist. This is noticed on the Lake Huron shore, on the St. Mary's Strait, at the Pictured Eocks, and at various other points in the upper peninsula. Gypsum is found in several places ; and in all those localities where the superior stratum, or carboniferous limestone formation exists, there arc indications of the existence of bituminous coal. Marl is abundant; it is composed of deposits of recent shells, and when submitted to the process of calcination, it has been found to produce lime of a superior quality. It is likewise an excellent manure for lands when judiciously applied. Deposits of marly clay are quite common. A fine bed occurs in the county of Macomb, near the middle branch of Cliulon iCiver, and it exists also near Ann Arbor, where pottery is manufactured from it with success. The sand comprising the P'l«'s- Marquette 13.. 186.. Michilimackinactt ) cqi ^^qq 21 other counties P " M,Tson 12.. 93.. Midlan.l 10.. 65.. Montcalm 164.. S91.. Monroe 2,544. .14,098 Newago 92.. 510.. Oakland 5,099. .81,270. 0.. 13.. 0.. Marquette 89.. Mackinac 0. 4. 20. 1,271. 0. ,440. 0. 0. 273. 72. 5.. 0.. . 45. 12. 140. Greenville .Monroe Pontiac Oceana 68.. 300.. Ontonagon 46.. 339.. Ottawa 1,129. . 6,5S7. . Saginaw 473.. 2,009.. SaniLac 372.. 2,112.. St. Clair 1,810.. 10,420.. St. Joseph's 2,301 . .12,725. . Schoolcraft 6.. 10.. Shiawassee 972.. 6,2-30.. Tuscola 66.. 291.. Tan Buren 1,053. . 6,800. . W;ishtcnaw 5,142. .23,507. .2,543 Wayne 7,003. .42,750. .1,635 0.. Ontonagon 30.. Grand Haven 14. .Saginaw City 61.. 27.. Lexington 492.. OS.. St. Clair 1,.379.. 82..Centreville 0.. C. — 640.. 4S..Corunna IS.. 0.. — 4159.. 18.. Paw Paw 154.. Ann Arbor 244.. Detroit Tlie whole number of dwellings in the State was. at the above date, 71,616; of families, 72,611 ; and of Inhabitants, 39r,ft>l ; viz., whites S95,'i97— males 203,471, and fem.ilcs 180,020 ; free colored, 2,557— males 1,412, and females 1,14.5. Of the whole population there wore, deaf and dumb — wh. 121, fr. col. 1 — tot^d 122; hUitd — wh. 122, fr. col. — total 122; ?;wa;if — wh. 135, fr. col. 1 — total 130, an41,591, tlie number of foreign bfrlh 54,352, and of birth unknown 1.211 ; ^^atil•'' population originated as follows: Me. 1,117, N. Hamp. 2.744, Verm, f 1,1 13, Mass. 8,107, E. 1. 1,0.51, Conn. 0,751, N. T. 1-33.756, N. J. 6,572, Pcnn. 9,451, Del. 8CS, Md. 687, Dist. of Col. 45, Virg. 1,504, N. Car. 812, S. Car. 81. Ga. 63, Flor. 12, Ala. 19, Miss. 84, La. 80, Tex. 4, Ark. 25, Tenn. 101, Ky. 402, Oh. 14,077, Ifichirian 140,643, Ind. 2.008, III. 490, Mo. 92, la. 59, Wise. 832, Calif 3, Territories 86 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons, from — England 10,020, Ireland 13,430, Scotland 2,361, Wales 127, Germany 10.1170, France 945, Spain 10, Portugal 2, Belgium 112, Holland 2,542, Turkey 2, Italy 12, Austria 21, Switzerlanii 113, Russia 75. Denmark 13, Norway 110, Sweden 10. Prussia 190, Sardinia 2, Greece 1, China 1, Asia 0, Africa 3, British America 14,003, Mexico 4, Central America 0, South America 5, West Indies 34, Sand^vich Islands 2, and other countries 66. Tlie following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : Ce,>sus White IVrsi.ns. .... 4.013.... Cnl'ired Torsons. Ti.tal Pojiiilation. .... 4,703... Decennial Increase. Years. 1810.... Fr.-... .... 120 Slave, 24 Total. 144... Numerical. Percent. 1820 .... 1830 .... 1840.... 1350.... .... S,.591 .... .... 81,340.... .... 211..500 .... . . . . 895.097 .... . . . . 305 .... 201 .... 707 ....2,557 32 805 .... 293 .. . 707 . . . 2,557 . . . .... 8,S9G... .... 81,039 ... .... 212,207 . . . ....397,054... .... 4,134.. .... 22,7*3.. .... 180,028 .. ....185,837.. ... SC.S ... 2.55.e ... 570.9 ... 87.3 The statistics of the wealth, production, manufactures, and institutions of Michigan, as exhibited by the census of 1850, and other ofBcial returns referring to the same period, are na follows : Occupied I.an/7s^ etc. — Improved lands 1,929,110 acres, and unimproved lands 2,454,780 acres— valued in cish at $51,872,446. The whole nnmber of farms 34,039. Value of farming implements and machinery, $2,390,371. Liv^Stoc^. — Horses, 58,506; asses and mules, 70; milch cows, 99,076; working oxen, 55.850; other cattle, 119,471; sheep, 746,435; and swine, 205,847— valued in the aggregate at $3,008,734. The returns of 1S40 exhibited the live-stock in the State as follows: horses, mules, etc., 30,144; neat cattle of all descriptions, 185,190; sheep, 99,618; and swuie, 295,890. Products of Animali.—Woo], 2,043.283 (in 1840, 163,3751 pounds ; butter, 7,065,878 pounds ; cheese, 1.011.492 pounds ; and v.alue of animals slaughtered during the year. $1,323,327. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 8 (in 1840, 260) pounds ; and beeswax and honey to that of 359.2-32 pounds. Grain Crops.— Wheat, 4.925.SS9 bushe)9 : rv-e. 10.'i,S71 bushels ; Indian com, 6,611.420 bushels; oal3, 2,800,0.56 bushels; oarley, 75,249 bushels ; and buckwheat, 472,917 bushels. The crops of the same cereals, in 1840, were : wheat, 2,157,103 467 MICHIGAN. bush'-'lti; In.Iian corn, 3/277,039 bushels; oals, 2,114,051 bushels; ryo, 84,a;36 bushels; barloy, 12T,S02 bushela; aud buekwheat 113,5i)i bushels. Oihar Food Crops. — Peas aud beans, 74,254 bushels; and potatoes— I riahj 3,859,897 bashcls, and sweet, 1,177 bushels. The potato crop of 1S40 amounted to 2,109,205 bushels. MiitceUaneom Crops.— Tobacco, 1,245 pounds; hay, 404,9-34 tons; clovcr-secd, 16,989 bushels; other grass-seed. 9,785 bushels; hops, 10,G6;J (in 1*40, 11,381) pounds; hemp— do w -rolled 1G6 tons, and water-rotted 37 tons; flax, 6.994 pounds (crop of hemp and flax in 1840, 755i- Ions) ; flax-seed, 1,421 bushels ; maple sugar, 2,438,987 pounds ; molnsses, 19.823 gal- lons; wine, 1,054 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $132,650, and of market-garden products $14,73.8. TTome-ynads manufactures for the year 1849-50 were produced to the value of $1,328,327. In lS;j9-40 the same de- scription of products were valued at $113,955. J}/f/7;?//rtc^i/r*is.— Aggregate capiud invested, $0,000,000 ; value of raw material, fuel, etc, consumed, $0,000,000; aver- age number of hands employed 00,000 — males 00,000, and females 000; average monthly cost of labor $000,000 — male ^(HHi.noO, and female $0,000; total value of products for the year ending let June, 1850, $0,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments in the State producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, at the above date, was 1,979, distributed among the several counties, as shown in the general table, and of these 15 were woolen factories, 04 iron factories — 63 for castings, and 1 for pig iron, and 00 tanneries. The woolen manufactures employed a capiLal of $94,000, coa-^umed annually 162.250 pounds of wool, valued at $4=3.402, employed 78 males and 51 females, at a monthly cost — fur male labor, $1,689, and for female labor, $535, and produced 141,570 yards of cloth, valued at $90,242. The fmimlries manufacturing casting!^ employed a capital of $195,450 ; used 2,494 t*>ns pig metal, 901 tons mineral coal, and 16,200 bushels coke and charcoal, v:tlued at $91,865; employed 337 hands, at average wages amounting to $23 08 to each hand, and produced 2,070 tons of castings and other jjroducts, valued in tlie aggregate at $279,697. The capital cm- ploye/i7 iron was $15,000, and the quantity manufactured was 660 tons, valued at $21,000. In the tannerie.s,\\\c invested capital amounted to .$236,000; value of raw material used, $203,450; hands employed, 265 ; monthly cost of labor, $6,7S2 ; skins 23,600, and sides 144,730 tanned ; value of both, $36:3,980. Tlie manufactures of Michigan, other than those enumerated, are various and largo, consisting of flour-mills, saw-mills, asheries. potteries, machine-shops, axe and edge-tool factories, distilleries, paper-mills, etc., etc. There are about 260 flour-mills in the State, chiefly driven by water-power, and capable of making between 700,000 and 800,000 barrels of flour annually; and the number of saw-mills is not far short of 650, of which 79 are driven by steam. Foreign Commerce. — The total value of tlie exporls from Michigan to foreign countries- during the year ending SOlh June, 1850, was $132,045, of which $57,232 was the value of produels carried in American bottoms, and $74,813 m foreign bottoms; and tlie total value of imports was $144,102, all of which were brought in American bottoms. The shipping employed in the carrying trade was 56,96:3 tons inward, and 54,701 tons outward— in detail as follows : Nationfility. American... . Foreign , INWARD. Ships, Tonnage ..." 97 7,254 .. 394 49,709 Total 491 50,903 Crpwe. . 699 . 8,944 4,013 OUTWAED. Nationality. Ships. Americitn 112 ... rorcigli 390 ... Tnnnftfce. Crewa. T,9S2 720 46,719 3,903 Total . .502 M,701 4,623 Tear. Exporta 1823 .. $- 1829 — 1&30 ... 1,688 1S31...... — 1832 ... 9,234 1833 9,064 1S84 .. 30,021 18»8 .. 6-4,830 Imports. $502,289 250,602 Year. Exports. 1S44 % — 18J5. 251,220 1S46 251,890 1847 93,795 1848 111,635 1849 132,851 1850 132,045 . Impons. $19,879 41.953 154.92S 37.003 115,760 98,141 144,102 Of the aff^roiiato shipping inward, 54,130 tons entered in Detroit district, and 2,8^33 tons in that of Michi!im.^ckinac ; and of the aggregate outward, 62,554 tons cleared from Detroit, and 2,147 from Miehilimackinae districts. The shipping owned in the two districts amounts to 38,144 tons, all of the class enrolled and licensed, and of which 18,015 tons are navigated bj- steam-power. In the Detroit district 14 vessels — 5 schooners, G sloops, and 3 steamers— of an aggregate burden of 2,002 tons, were built during the year above referred to. The greater portion of the external commerce of Slichigan is with the adjoining British provinces. Tlie following table exhibits the movements of the foreign commerce of tho State for a series of years : Imports. Year. Exports. $3,440 1836 $61,231 2,9.i7 1837 69,790 21,315 18.38 125,660 — 1889 — .... — 22,649 1840 162,229 .... 188,610 63,876 1841 88,529 137,300 106,202 1842 202.229 .... 80,784 130,629 1843 262,994 .... 76,370 Lake Commerce. — This department of commerce in Michigan is large, and yearly increasing. Twenty years ago it had no existence, and even ten years ago it was of very trilling importance compared with its present extent. Of the commercial movements on Lake Superior, no statistics have been published, but it is well understood that all the pr.> ducts of the country bordering on it, from their very nature being mineral, must seek a distant market, and that the great bulk of necessaries of life nuist be carried to the miners — thus creating a large commerce, and that an increasing one. A navigable canal, 5,267 feet long, around the Sault Ste. Marie, is about to be constructed, and bonce the commerce on I^ako Superior will be at once established on a sure and lasting basis. On Lake Huron the exports from the two districts of Bault Ste. Marie and Miehilimackinae in 1850-51 amounted to $r),'i3,ClS, and thoimporls to $294,534; on the lake aud river St. Clair, from the districts of Algonac, St. Clair, Trenton, and Mount Clemens, the exports in the same year amounted to $483,660, and the imports to $155,863; and on Lake Michigan, from district of SI. Joseph's, the exports were valued at $5t3,S94, and tlio imports at $672,892— making a total of exports by lake valued at $1,581,172, and of imports valued at $1,32:3,289. The above flgures embrace the total imports and exports on Lake Huron, aud also on the river and Lake St. Ciair, 80 far as domestic commerce is conccmcil ; the total commerce on Lake Michigan, inclusive of that of St. Joseph's above, was in the same year — exports $8,830,108, and imports $15,4S4,728, or a total value of exports and imports amount- ing to $24,.320,830, of which $398,08:3 lielongcd to Indiana, $11,903,777 to Illinois, and the remainder to Wisconsin. fnk'nial Coinmxmicatimi. — Michigan has two transverse railroads — one extending from Detroit, via New Buffalo, to 40S MICHIGAN. Ckica-o and the other from Toledo :,„,1 Monroe, ,•;» White Pigeon and the Indmna Northern Krj'lroad to the Bame de,.ina"ton These two roads form links in the great chains running east and we.t eonaeetmg the northern AUan«cbtal«a an s° J^^board with the Mississippi, and nitintately with the shores of the Paeifle Oee.n. On the.e hnes U,e trans,, of goods an pLengl is immense, ,,eh.g the sl„,rtest route. hi.h.,to constructed on the long^^^^^^^^ ami i)»^=..« 1^™- , '- , . . ,, , ■ „„„„„„ kv coimeetlons with the railroads and ste.am navigation lines of other Slates and of Canada give to M.olngan aeeesr. by connceiiouB lYiiu u,^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^__ ^^^ „„i;„„rv i-nndfl- and lend to swell the already large com- raUroad aud water to vast ri'gio mereial connection of the State. eoTineetiona w th the ranroaos ana sieani ua¥ii;iuii7ti mt^o .^. v.,,.-. ^ "^ ., , , , , „ raToad and water to vast regions hitherto aeeessiblo only by ordinary r,>ads, and tend to swell the already large com- radroad aud water to „ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ railroads in the Stale, as the one from Detxod to Pontiac, xnd f .__ m^i.,i„ i~ r\,,t_.^;t inrt.l r..,-iiT. T^atri-iil ti^ till* s:;r^h;;:pe::tt'sr«n^n^:i=:^:;^=^^^^ mineral rgions ia the upper peninsula. A line is aUo projected IVom Jackson, on the Central Koad, '» L-nsmg, U,o Zm tL- tolal length of completed railroa.i in the State, on the 1st of J.anuary, 1S53, w^ 4.S1 mdes, wh.eh had jsl abour$12 000 000 or about one mile of railroad to evc^y UT square milc>s of territory. A eanal ,s also about b«ng llcled around Sault Ste. Marie, which will conned the waters of Lake Superior and the lower lakes, and thus open UT> the commerce of the richest mineral region of the world to the markets of the east, 'y' /"-On the 1st January, 1S51, there were in the State five banks and one branch bank the flnanc.alcond.l.on of WW h at the date affixed, was a, f„llows: /.«,^«r Governor and Lieutenant-governor are elected biennially by a E.recuU.e P«™'- '^ "»'^* ZT.uZiZ al of 30 y ars, have been a citiz:en of the United Stales for five y«,rs, ^LTonhe s™: [wo years n:t';;e:eCTh^^^ of the governor are those usually cjoyed "y that ofilce. Ko and of the State two year, i .- j „,. „,^ p„i,„l gt^t,,,, or of Michig.an shall execute the offlc. of ^rL' n!:^ BhauVe ^ovtlr™ iieuten^ be eligible for any other office during the fune for which they may' have been chosen.^ ,oereHrv of Slate, Stale Treasurer, a Commissioner of the Stale Land OfBce, Super- ;:s™i:i,»',t.~sS5:.l.-™».".u,.,..„ a Board of state Canvassers, to determine the restdls of all elections for stale officers. , . . ,. ,„„„„,„„ neju<>Lt,,is vested n one Superior Court, in Circuit Courts, in Probate Courts, and in just.ees of 'In^ peace There a e also municipal courts of civil and criminal jurisdiction. All judges and ,,ust.ees are elected by the I - Pl"' Th° Sim emrco irt to general superintending control over all inferior eourls, and holds four lernv, annual y. I la po»c Supreme t™" ^ca g r i b ^^ ^^^_^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ legislature is enjoined to abolish, as lar by general rules '°. ";«'''> •"™"^,^;.™'™^^^^ proceedings. The Circuit Court consists of eight judges, one for each,udieiale^cu.t who 1 Id oincef,^^^^^^^^^ ^,^^^_^^ ^__ .^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^^ j_,^^^^ ^^^ .^^^^^ ,,^ ^^ n T^f^' fdurh ir he ir el eVvr^er^n^^^^^ for 'me year thereafter. A circuit court is held twice a year in e^ry other office "i"' "f '' ;"''P;„"^, ,, ,,;j ,„„r lUncs in each year in counties of more than 10,000 inhabitants. The ^rduTo Z V e mlTL™ urisdiction as providl. by special law-lhe judges hold office n,r f.ur y«,.. The whorof the above arc court, of record, and have a common seal. Justices of the peace are chosen for four to rs Ind Vnl town mav have four-cities may have more than that number. In civil cases, justices of the p-ace have exclush iirLicHon t' the mount of ifl00,'and concurrent to ^300. which may be increased by law to *.m They have exclusn ur saiclion 10 in ooncilintion may be established. Any suitor m any court of also criminal jurisdict on in n. ' ^ "^ ; ™™ . ;„ ,,,^ J^ „r by an attorney or agent of his own ^f " n;^::Su",r^: m«.i ihe .'::' ;::y ;;;' ;,ven m evidence.%reason against the State shall consist only i. .v^ing war agauist ---™|; -^^r^^l.^:;-:^ to by two-thirds of each house, TZ'^Z^^A^Ct^n<^t^^J.i genera, election, .and if a majority of the electors voting thereon rMify '"'i^ nll^^ttamt'esamsha 1 become a part of the constilution. All amendments to take effect at the commencement o? th7n 11 ic a "; afteXif adoptL. InlscO, and every sixteenth year thereafler, the question of a general revi«on c IR ton sh 1 be submiUed to Ihe electors, and in case a majority shall decide in favor of « convention, the field officers, etc.. and 2.20S company officers. , ^ ,„^ ^^ ,^, p^^f The principal hrnrrah-nt !„«tilutwm of the State are, the Asylum r""«;I°«''"'' **''";' ^ the control of a board and Dumb and the Wiml at Kalamazoo. These institutions are en.Jowed with lands, and are under of nve trustees elected by the legislature. ^jg MICHIGAN. Finance., Belts, etc.—HhQ total available means in the treasury for the year ending SOth November, 1350, was $4S4,715 67, of which sum $55,447 39 was a balance from the fiscal year 1S49, and $429,265 25 receipts during the year ending as above. The total expenditures amounted to !f449,355 40, leaWng a balance of $ii5.860 27 for future appropri- ation. The chief sources of inc&nie were— general taxes and sales of land about $300,000, and specific State taxes $24,404; and the principal objects of expenditure were— legislation $54,G07 58, constitutional convention $31,463 05, executive $11,953 16, judiciary $9,154 8:3, state prison $6,000, counties for taxes $6,G37 27, expenses of sales of tax lands $14,045 37, State library $143 S6, school moneys apportioned $42,794 44, university $9,644 70, etc. The aggregaUj debt Of Michigan as stated by the auditor-general in his report of 1st December, ISoO, was $2,309,905 83, bearing interest mostly at sLx per cent. The resources and property of the State, other than State buildings and furniture, are stated at $028,224 85, leaving the actual State debt, over and above the resources of the State, $2,lbl,6"'l 4S. The total value of real and personal estate assessed for taxes in 1S50, was $30,877,223; but the true or estimated value of the same was $59,787,255. Federal 7iepre86ntatio?i.—M\ch\gaii, in accordance with the provisions of the act of 23d May, 1S50, apportioning the federal representation, is entitled to four representatives in Congress. Fducatio7i. — Michigan, in 1850, contained 3,097 schools, of which 2,525 only made returns in that year. According to the report of the Superintendent of Public Education, 132,234 rliildreu, between the ages of 4 and IS, attended school during the year ; the number drawing public money, 125,866. Number of scholars under 4 years of age, 2,056, and over 18 years of age, S,;346. Amount of school money appropriated, $42,794 44, and raised by tax, $S1,393 44 for support of teachers. Eaisod for purchasing, building, etc., school-houses, $46,797 01. Received from local funds, $5,889 59. Vol- umes in township libraries, 84.823. Mill tax for township liljraries and support of schools, $7,957 80. Total amount expended for school puri)oses, $194,330 73. The number of scholars attending unincorporated, select, or private schools, Was 4,065. A State normal school has been established at Ypsilanti, with an endowment of school lands, and is under the control of the Board of Education. The principal collegiate institution of Michigan is the University at Ann Arbor. It is under a Board of Kegents, who have control of the ITniversity fund. In 1850 it had 7 professors, 91 alumni, 64 stu- dents, and a Ubrary of 0,000 volumes. The medical department of the University in the same year had 6 professors and 95 students. An agricultural dejiartment is provided for by the new constitution. SL Philip's College, near Detroit, is a Eoman Catholic institution, founded in 1S39, and in 1850 had 4 professors, 30 students, and a library of 8,000 volumes. There are numerous academies and other literarj' institutions in the State, the former connected with the University, and receiving an apportionment of the University Fund. Libraries.— One State library, 4,400 volumes; 2 social libraries, 3,315 volumes; 4 college Hbraries, 10,300 volumes; 874 School libraries, 47.220 volumes — total 3S1 libraries, and 05,235 volumes. The number of volumes in the school libraries, as given in llie report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, differs essentially from the above census account, being stated at 84,823 volumes. Periodical Ffess.—The whole number of periodicals published in the State In 1850 was 67, of which 37 were devoted to politics — 16 whig and 21 democratic — and 30 were devoted to literature, science, religion, etc. Of the whole number S were issued daily and scmi-weekly, 53 weekly, 2 semi-monthly, and 4 monthly; and the circulation of the dailies at each issue was 5,000, of the semi-weekly, 200, of the weeklies, 31,563, of the semi-monthlies, 2,600, and of the monthhes, 13,300, The dailies are published at Detroit; of the weekZi/ issues, 1 is published at Allegan, 3 at Niles, 1 at Coldwater, 2 at Mar- shall, 1 at Sault Ste. Marie, 1 at Cassopolis, 1 at De Witt, 1 at Eaton Kaplds, 2 at Flint, 2 at Hillsdale, 1 at JonesviUe, 1 at Lansing, 1 at Ionia, 2 at Jackson, 2 at Kalamazoo, 2 at Grand Eapids, 1 at Lapeer, 1 at Adrian, 1 at Howell, 1 at Romeo, 2 at Mount Clemens, 2 at Monroe, 2 at Pontiac, 1 at Holland, 1 at Saginaw, 1 at Corunna, 1 at St. Clair, 1 at Port Huron, 2 at Centreville, 1 at Paw Paw, 2 at Ann Arbor, 2 at Ypsilanti, and 6 at Detroit; the semi^nontkUea are published at Lansing and Jonesville, and the inonthUes at Adrian, Monroe, and Detroit. Religiovs Deiiominations. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in this State were, in accordance with the census of 1850, as follows : Senomina- ffo. of Ckorch Value of Denomina- No, of Churcli Vnloo o( Danomina- No. of Cliuroli Value of tions. Cliiirihes. accum. Fm|.erty. tioiis. Cbunhea. occora. rroperlj. tiona. t'liurrliea. aciom. [•roiterly. Baptist 63 .. iT,ei5 . $84,050 German Eef. — . . — . % - E. Catholic. 42 .. 16,972 . . $169,775 Christian ... 1 . . .wo . 1,000 Jewish — . . — . — Swedenbo'n — .. — .. — Congregat'l.. 29 .. in,3i)0 . 59,550 Lutheran ... 12 . . .3,205 . . 12,625 Tunltcr — .. — . — Dutch Kef. . C . . 1,575 . C,250 Mennonite.. — .. _ . _ Union 3.. 800 . 1,400 Episcopal . . 25 . . 8,4!5 . 62,S00 Methodist.. 103.. 83,r,10 . 142,050 Unitarian... — .. — . — Free 1 .. 700 . 8,000 Moravian... 1 .. 200 . 500 Universaliat. 6 .. 1,210 . 7,100 Friends. 7 .. 1,400 . 4,860 Presbyter'n.. 67 .. 22,630 . 142,650 Minor Sects .. 1 . . SOO . . 15,000 —making a total of 362 churches, with accommodation for 118,892 persons, and valued as property at $423,200. Michigan couBtitntcs a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church ; and also the Roman Catholic diocese of Detroit. PauperUTii and Crime. — Whole number of paupers who were relieved or received support within the year ending 1st June, 1S50, 1,190 — 649 native-born, and 541 foreigners ; whole number of paupers receiving support at the date specified, 429-248 native-born, and 181 foreigners; total annual cost of support $27,550. The Slate prison is located at Jackson. The number of convicts on the SOth November, 1849, was 109 ; received during the year 50, and discharged during the year 28, leaving in prison 30th November, 1S50, 131, of whom 115 were white, and 16 colored. Of the 50 received, 25 were committed for larceny, 3 for burglary, and 5 for burglary and larceny ; and of the 3S discharged, 21 by expiration of sentence, 2 by pardon, 2 by death, 2 by escape, and 1 by order of Supreme Court. The incomoof the prison was $10,700 63, and tlie expenditures $16,736 14, the deficiency being supplied by the State. Of tlio 131 prisoners remaining under sen- tence, 5 were educated at college, 1 at a medical school, 8 in academies, and 91 in common schools ; 94 can read and write, 84 can read only, and 8 can not read ; 19 learned to read in prison ; SG were native-bom, and 45 foreign-born. BistoricaZ ^SA-etch.— The discovery and early settlenu-nt of Michigan is due to the French, whose motives seem to have been the prosecution of the fur trade, and inci acres, being inferior in surface only to lakes Superior and Huron. It is 330 miles in extreme U*nglli, and on an average 60 miles broad, and its elevation above tide-water 074 feet, its depth at the same time being about 900 feet. Green Bay, its largest arm, lies on the N. W., and itself is a large sheet of water, 120 miles long, and from 25 to 28 miles wide. It is the recipient of Ihe waters of Winnebago lake through Fox river, and has other minor affluents both from Wisconsin and the northern peninsula. The lake receives also a number of large and small rivers; from the lower peninsula it receives Grand, Maskegon, St. Joseph, and Kalamazoo rivers ; from Indiana, Calumet river, etc. ; from Illinois, Chicago river, etc. ; from Wisconsin, the Milwaukie, Sheboygan, and other streams, and from the upper peninsula, Manistee river and a number of other small rivers. Many of these have fine harbors at their confluence, and commercial towns rapidly progressing to importance have been built in every direction. The commerce of the lake, indeed, has already become consid- erable, and its increase from year to year has been such as to astonish the moat sanguine. In lSoO-51 the imports and exports from the several ports on the lake were as follows : Ports. ImporU. Green Bay $l.M.5-']7. . . Manitonwoc 49,120. , , Sheboygan 571 .SOO . . . Port Washington 27-.:il 1 . . . Milwaukie 3.S2S.650. .. Eacine 1.4.V2,7r)0. . . Bouthport C29.791... Waukegan 69.0S1 . . . et Joseph C72.S.92 . . . Michigan City 25,915 . . . Chicago 7,T51,S72.. . Exports. $SO.S:30 13,719 12,191 4^.267 2,09S,469 650.950 5«:l.G0S 2S;i.l07 543.^94 369,1 GS 4,151.905 —making for all the ports an aggregate of imports valued at $15.4.S4.728, and of exports an aggregate valued at .$^,^36,108. This amount would undoubtrdty be much larger if the canal from Chicago to the navigable waters of the Illinois, acd the numerous railroads diverging from the same point, did not carry off the great bulk of the commercial material needed and produced in the country on the west side of the lake, but these also act as its feeders. The geographical position of the lake, indeed, is most advantageous for its becoming the channel of an immense commerce. Its length lies in the direction between the ilississippi and the great lakes, and it is navigable for vessels of the greatest tonnage. Steamboats ply regularly between all Ihe ports, and to and, from these and the ports of Lake Erie, having Buffalo, Erie, Cleveland, Sandusky, etc., as their eastern destination, and at these connecting with the great lines to the interior and Atlantic sea-board. MiCDiGAN City, p. v.. La Porte co., Ind. : at the mouth of Trail er., on Lake Michigan, 12 ra. N. W. of Laporte, and 137 m. N. by W, from Indian-ipolis. This is the only lake harbor in the State. It was first settled in 1^36. The Michi- gan Central E. E. passes through the v., 54 m. from Chicago, and 22S m. from Detroit It is the proposed terminus of a number of other railroads. There are a number of large warehouses situated on Trail creek, for the storage and ship- ment of wheat, and had the improvement of the harbor been contiimed as was contemplated, the great emporium of the northern trade of the State would have been here ; as it is, vessels can only be loaded by means of ligJiters, and in pleasant weather. Dry goods, groceiy, and provision stores are numerous, and there are also in the place several facto- ries and workshops. A branch of the State bank is situate here. The "Michigan City News" (whig) is published weekly. There is a light-house (fixed light) oo the beach, the lantern being 60 feet above the level of the sea. Pop. about 1.000. MicniGANTOWN, p. v., Clinton co., Ind. : 89 m. N. by W. Indianapolis, and 42 m. by the Michigan plank-road. MicniLiMACKiSAC countv, Mich. Situate E. on 3. eide of T'pper Peninsula, and contains about 1,260 sq. m. Drained by Pine and Carp rivers, and other small streams flowing into the straits of Mackinaw, its S. boundary. It embraces many islands, of which Mackinaw, Bois Blanc, and Great Beaver (settled by the Mormons) are chief. The main land is \isited mostly by fur traders ; the waters adj.accnt abound in fish, principally white fish and bass, and tho fisheries are very valuable. Pop. about 3,000. Co/n'tal: Mackinaw. MiDDBiDGE, p. o., Giles county, Temi.: 73 m. S. by W. Nashville. MinnLEBOROTTGn, t. and p. v., Plymoiitli co., Jl/'V-w. ; 37 m. S. S. E. Boston. Drained by Assawamset and Long Pond, together with several snialler ones, which discharge their waters into Taunton r.,afl'ordiug excellent hydraulic power. Surface in parls rocky ; soil varied. Iron ore is found in abundance. There are 2 forges, an air and cupola furnace, several mills, and a number of iiiamifactories in the t. The WUaffc is on the lioe of Uie Fall Eiver E. E., at the junction ^ 471 MID MID vnVi Cape Cod Branch K. U., 10 in. from Fall River, and has numerous m ami factor ii's. Top. of t. &,y;iG. MiDDLEHouRNK, p. V., Guurusey CO., Ohio: on Will's cr., 84 m. E. Columbus. MiDDLEuouuNE, p. v., and cap, Tjier co., Virg.: on (he E. side of Middle Island cr., 230 ni. N. W. Uichmond. It contains Ihe court-house and a few dwellings. MiDi'Li: BuANcn, p. o., Stark county, Ohio: 104 m. N. E. Columbus. Middle Brook, p. t., Augusta co., Yirg.: on a fork of Shenandoah r., 102 m. W. N. W. Kichmond. MiDDLKunooK Mills, p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : on Seneca cr., 38 m. "W. N. VV. Annapolis. MiDDLEuUEG, p. V., Casey co., Ay. .• on Pino cr., 53 m. S. Frankfort MinPLEBuito, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : between Sam's and Big Pipe creeks, 2 m. from their junction, 13 m. W. of West- minster, 54 m. N. W. Annapolis. MiDDLEiiuRO, t, and p. v., Schoharie co., N. Y. : 31 m. "VV. by S. Albany. Drained by Catslcill er. and Schoharie liill, which afford excellent watL-r-jmwtT. Surface mu^veu; in parts hilly. Soil varied, in many places rich and pro- ductive. There are a number of mills and manufactories, besides several workshops, hero. The v. is on the E. sirle of Schoharie er., and has u number of mills and a furnace. Pop. of t. 2,96T. MiDDLEBL'RO, p. V., TJnion county, Penn, : on Middle cr., 41 ni. N. by W. ITarrisburg. ' Beaver Furnace at this place has an annual capacity of 1,GOO tona. MiDDLEBUEG, p. V., Hardeman county, Tenn.: on the Memphis post-road, 144 m. W. S. W. Nashville. MiDDLEBURO, t, and p. o., Shiawassee co,, Midi. : 23 m. N. i E. Lansing. Drained by branches of Maple r. Surface rolling; soil fertile, adapted to grain. Pop. of L 132. MiDDLEBDUG, p. V., Loudou CO., VirQ. .' ou u tributary of the Potomac r., 99 m. K Uichmond. MiDDLF.BUEG, t. aud p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 113 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by K. branch ofPioeky r. and Cuyahoga r. Surface level; soil very fertile, producing ex- cellent grain and grass. There are I\irnnces and several mills here. Berea is the name of a pleasant v. and station in the N. W. part of the t., on the line of the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. P., which passes through it 12 m. S.W. Cleveland. Pop. of 1 1.490. MiDPLEBUEQ, p. o., Boone CO., Mo. : 29 m. N. by W. Jef- ferson City. MiDDLEBURG, p. v.,DuvaI CO,, Flor. : on Blacker., 152 m, E. by S. Tallahassee. MiuDLEuuRV, t. and p, v., New Haven co., Coini. : 27 m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by Hope Branch of Naugatuck r. and Quassepaug pond, outlet of which empties into the Housatonic r., furnishing excellent water-power. Surface very uneven ; in parts rocky; soil excclhmt for grazing and the growth of rye. Copper has been found near Quasse- paug pond. Incorporated in ISdT, and contains several mills and manufactories. The v. is situate centrally, and has several stores and workshops. Pop. of t. 703. MiDDLEBURY, p. v., Elkhart co., Tnd. : on the S. W. side of Little Elkhart r., 182 m. N. l>y E. Indianapolis. MiDDLEauRY, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., JV. }'; on the line of the Buffalo and New York City K. K., 43 ra. from Buffalo, and 229 m. W. Albany. Drained by branches of Genesee r. and Tonawanda cr. Surface uneven ; soil of fine quality, productive of grain or grass. It has excellent water-power, which propels several factories and mills. The V. contains a nmnbcr of stores, mills, and workshops. Pop. of 1. 1,799, Mtddlkbuby, p. v., Mercer co., Mo. : on Iho E. side of Muddy er., 145 ra. N. N. W. Jefferson City. MiPULEBURY, p. v., Summit co., Ohio: on Ih© Cleveland and Taunton post-road, lOSm. N. E. Columbus. MiDULEnuBY, t., p. v., and cap. Addison county, Verm. : 8T ra. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by Otter cr. (whicli passes 472 through the W. part of t.) and Middlcbury r., affordinjf ex- cellent hydraulic power. Surface generally level, Chip- man's Hill, 440 feet above Otter er., being flic greatest elevation ; soil fertile and very productive. There arc a large number of manufactories and mills here in successful operation ; also a furnace and forge. The v. is pleasantly situate on the bank of Otter cr., at the falls, the llutland and Buriington li. R. passing through it 33 m. from Burlini;ton. There are some extensive manufactories and a large num- ber of tine dwellings, stores, and workshops in the ^ illngo. A large quarry of superior white and variegated marble is situated near the v., which is extensively wrought, H lathe seat of the Middlebury College, founded in ISO*), having (in 1S50) a president, 6 jjrofessors, 877 ahmmi, of whom 397 were in the ministry, and 63 studentd, with a library of 6,000 volumes. The college is built of stone, and is a fine struc- ture. The " Middlebury Register" (whig) is issued weekly. East Middlebury is the nanu; of a post-oflSce in Uie E. part of the town. Pop. of the t. 3,517. Mil>i)LKnuiiY river, Verm.: rises in Hancock t., in a hilly re- gion, anil flowing W. and N., through Gosihen and Middle- bury, empties into Otter cr. It is 14 m. in length, and affords several mill-scats. MiDDLEBL'sn, p. o., Somcrsct county, X. Jer. : 23 m. N. Trenton. MiDPLE Ceeek, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio: 101 m. E. Columbus. Middle Creek, t and p. o., Union co., Penn.: 28 m. N. Harrisburg. Drained by Middle cr., which flows into the Susquehanna r. Surface hilly; soil fertile. It has some manufactories, and several stores aud workshops. Pop. of the t. about 575. Middle Creek, p. v.. Wake co., K. Car, : on N. side of a cr. so called, 11 m. S. Raleigh. Middle Creek Mills, p. o., Boone co., Kij. : 50 m. N. Frankfort. Middle Fabiub, p. v., Scotland co., Mo.: on Middle Fabius cr., and on W. boundary of co., 127 m. N. Jefferson City. MiDDLEFiELT), t. and p. v., Hampshire co., Mum. : 9S m. W. Boston. Drained by several aflluents of the W. branch of Westfield r. Surface elevated and uneven ; soil well adapted to grazing. The Western R. R. passes through the v., 132 m. from Boston. The t. contains several manufac- tories. Pop. 1,737. MiDDLEFiELD, t. and p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : C3 m. W. Albany. Drained by Cherry Valley cr.. and bounded on the W. by Otsego Lake and a branch of Susquehanna r., ila outlet. Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil fertile. ' Water- jiower is extensive. There are in the t. a large number of mills, and several manufactories and workshops. The v. is in N. part, and contains several stores, mills, and workshops. Pop. of t. S,131. ■ MiDDLEFiELD, p. V., Gcauga county, Ohio: 141 m. N. E. Columbus. ■" : ' MiDDLEFiELD Centre, p. V., Otscgo CO., N". Y. .' on E. side of Otsego Lake, 63 m.W. Albany ; contains several mills. MiDDLEFORD, p. o., Susscx CO., Dd. : 36 m. S. by E. Dover. Middle Fork, p. o., Clinton co., Ind. : 46 m. N. by W. Hidianapolis. Middle Fork, p. o., Randolph co., Virg. : 159 m. N. W. Richmond. Middle Fork, p. o., Henderson co.,7bnn. ; 102 m.W. S.W. Nashville. Middle Fork, p. v., Macon co.. Mo,: between Middle Fork and East Chariton r., tributaries of the Missouri, 95 m. N. by W. Jefferson City. Middle Granvillk, p. v., Washington co., A^ 3'.; on line of the Rutland and Washington R. R., 61 m. N. N. E. Troy, and 07 m. N. N. E. Albany; contains a cotton factory and some mills. Middle Grove, p. o., Fulton co., lU. : on the Monmouth , post-road, 71 m. N. W. Springfield. MID MID Middle Gkove, p. o., riaratuga county, X. V. : 'ia m. N. Albany. Middle Grove, p. o., Monroe county, Mo.: 57 miles N. Jefferson City. Middle IIaddam, p. v., MklJlcscx co., Curin.: ou the Portland and East Iladdam post-road, near lUo K. bank of Connecticut r., 19 ra. S. by W. Ilartlord. Middle Hope, p. o., Orange co., y. Y. ; S7 m. 8. by W. Albany. Middle Island, p. v., Suffolk co., N. T.: 3 m. N. Long Island K. E., 1-29 m. S. E. Albany. Middle island, Jlich, : a small island in Lake Huron, about 1 m. K. of the N. E. part of Alpena county. Middle Island creek, Vi/y.: rises by two branches in the E. part of Dodridge co., flowsN.W. to Middlcbourne v., and from tht-nce S. W. to its confluence with the Ohio r., a short distance below Grape It-laud. Middle Lancastek, p. o., Butler county, Penn. : 174 m. ■\V. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Middle Mills, p. o., Chippewa co., TT/a'c. ; 175 m. N. W. Madison. Middle MouNTArN', p. o., Botetourt co., Virg. : ou tlio W. border of tlie county, 145 m. W. Iticbmond. Middle Poet, p. v., and cap. Iroquois co.. III. : on S. side of the Iroquois r., 124 m. N. E. SpringSeKl ; contains the court-house, jail, and a few dwellings. The country round about is composed of fine meadow iand. MiDDLEPORT, p. v., Niagara co., Ji. Y. : on line of the liochcster, Lockport, and Niagara Falls li. li., 45 m. W. Rochester, 253 m. W. N. W. Albany. The Eric Canal also passes through it. The v. contains several stores, ware- houses, and mills. , MiDDLEPORT, p. v., Schuylkill co., Pe/ui.: 51 m. N. E. Harrisburg, and is chiefly inhabited by miners from the neighboring coal regions. Middle Kidoe, p. o., Newton county, Ga. : 54 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Middle Uivee, p. v., Franklua county, Ga.: 103 m. N. MiUcdgevillo. Middle Kivee, p. o., Allen county, Ohio: S3 m. N. W. Columbus. Middlesex county, Can7K Situate S. middle, and con- tains 342 sq. ra. Drained by small affluents of the Conni^c- licut, which flows S. tlirough it, and small streams emptying into Long Island Sound, its S. boundary. Surface generally uneven, but not rough ; soil mostly good — on the Connec- ticut very fertile. It raises good crops of com and potatoes, has some fine dairies, and shears considerable wool, but is better adapted for commerce and manufactures. The Con- necticut is here broad and deep, and the county has an extensive coasting trade, while the streams afford fine water-power, which is all employed. Cotton and woolen goo-ton R. K., 23 ra. S. by W. Dayton. It contains several stores and manu- factories, and 1,092 inhabitants. Middletown, p. b., Dauphin co., Penn. : on the E. bank of the Susquehanna r., above the confluence of Swatara cr., 10 m. S. E. by E. Harrisburg. The Middletown furnaces at this place have an annual capacity of 2,150 tons. The Har- risburg and Lancaster E. E. passes through the v., and the Union Canal here enters the Susquehanna river, Middletown, t and p. v., Eutland co., Vefm. : between two mountains, 10 m. S. by W. Rutland. Drained by Poult- ney r., a branch of Carleton r. Surface uneven, in parts mountainous; soil best adapted to grazing. It has several saw-mills, etc. The v. is pk-asanlly situate in the valley of the mountains, and has a marble manufactory. Population of t S75. Middletown, p. v., Frederick co., Virg.: on Meadow Eun, a fork of the Shenandoah r., 131 m. K. N. W. Rich- mond. The V. has excellent water-power, and contains several mills and workshops, together with a wagon manu- factory. Pop. about 450. Middletown Centbe, p. o., Delaware CO., K. K : 57 m. S. W, Albany. Middletown Point, p. v. and port of delivery, Mon- mouth CO., K. Jer. : on E. bank of Middletown cr., 29 m. N. E. Trenton. The v. is pleasantly situate on an elevation of some 60 feet from the water. It is a flourishing v., with some fine stores and dwellings, and considerable trade. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank is situate here. Cap- ital $50,000 Middle Village, p. o., Queens co., ^ T.: 129 m. S. Albany. Middlevtlle, p. T., Barry co., Mich.: on W. fork of Grand Haven r., 49 m. W. Lansing. MiDDLEviLLE, p, 0., Sussex couDty, N.Jer.: 61 m. N. Trenton. MiDDLEViLLE, p. T., Hcrkimer co., N'.T.: on West Can- ada cr., 71 m. N. W. Albany. It contains several stores, mills, and manufactories, among the latter is an extensive chair and cabinet factory. MiDDLEWAT, p. v., Jeffcrson co., Yirg. : 127 m. N. by W- MID MIL Eichmond. The "Winchester and Potomac E. K. passes near the village. Midland county, Mich. Situate E. at head of Saginaw Bay. and contains 722 sq. m. Drained by Titlibawassee r. and its branches, Salt, Pine, and Chippewa rivers. Surface undiilatina; ; soil well adapted to grass and grain. In the U. and S. E. are dense forests of Norway and white pine timber, which are very valuable, and the county contains abundance of gypsum and excellent salt springs. It is thinly settled yet. Farms 4; manuf. 0; dwell. 10, and pop. — wh. W, fr. col. 1— total 65. Capital: Midland. Midland, p. v., Charlotte eo., Virg. : on the E. side of Staunton r., 73 m. S. "W. by "W. Richmond. MiDTiLLE, p. T., Burke co., Ga. : on the N. side Ogeechee r., 75 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville, on the line of the Central E. R., 94 m. from Savannah, and 91 m. from Macon. Midway, p. o., Giles county, Virg. : 174 m. W. by 8. Eicbmond. Midway, p. v., Barbour co., Ala. : on a fork of Pea r., 40 m. E. S. E. Montgomery. Midway, p. c, Fulton county, Ilf. : 5S miles N. "W. Springfield. Midway, p. v., Spencer co., Ind. : on the E. side of Little Pigeon cr., 133 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Midway, p. v., Woodford co.. Ay. ; on the line of the Lexinglon and Frankfort R. R., 15 m. E. Frankf->rt. Midway, p. o., Madison co., 3fm. : 23 m. N. Jackson. Midway, p. t., Cooper co., Jfo.: on the Boonville and Jefferson City post-road, 26 m. N. "W. Jefferson City. Midway, p. t., Davidson co., y. Car. : S5 m. W. by N. Ealeigh. Midway, p. v., Bamwel! dist., S. Car. : on the line of the South Carolina E. E., 72 m. from Charleston., 54 m. S. Columbia. Midway, p. o., Newton county, Tex.: 139 m. E. by N. Austin City. Midway, p. o., Hot Springs coimty, Arl-. : 47 m. S. "W. Little Rock, Midway, p. v., Monroe co., Tenn.: 131 m. E. S. E. Nashville. JiiDWAY Junction', p. v., Prince Edward co., Virg. : on the Prince Edward and Marysville post-road, 65 m. 3. "W. Eichmond. Mrait, p. 0., Grant co., Tnd. : 5S m. N. by E. Indianapolis. MiEE, p. v., Wabash co., Ill .- 132 m. S. E. Springfield. MiKR, p, o., Madison county, 3fi^souri: 125 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Mifflin county, Peim. Sihiate centrally, and contains 223 sq. m. Drained by the Juniata and its branches. Sur- face uneven, and much broken. Soil, except in the most rugged parts, very rich. Wheat, rye, com, and oats pro- duce fine crops, and the shearings of wool are heavj-, and dairies large. It has excellent mill streams, and manufac- tures woolen goods extensively. Iron ore is abundant, and the manufacture of iron is the leading interest of the county. Farms 787; manuf. 102; dwell. 2,591, and pop.— wh. 14.5T0, fr. col. 41(>— total 14,9S0. Capital: Lemstown. Fuhlic Wm^ks: Pennsylvania Canal ; Pennsylvania E. E. Mtffxin, t. and p. o., A.shland co., Ohio: 62 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained in the W. by Black Fork of Wal- honding r. ; soil fertile and well cultivated. Pop. S9I. Mifflin, t. and p. v., Iowa co., TI7.so. .' 52 m. W. by S. Madison. Drained by branches of Picannica r. Surface various; soil fertile, with good woodlands. The v. is situate in the S. part of the town, and will be intcrsecte*! by the Milwaukie and Mississippi Railroad as projected. PopiUa- tion of t. 640. MiFFiiN, p. v., Crawford co., Ind.: 102 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. Mifflin, p. v., Henderson co., Tenn.: lOT m. W. S. W. Nashville. MiFFLiNBintG, p. b,, Union co.. Pei}7).: on the S. side of Buffalo cr., 4S m, N. by W. Ilarrisburg. Incorporated m 1327; has several manufactories, a number of stores au'i workshops, 145 dwellings, and 783 inhabitants. MiFFUNTOWN, p. b., and cap. Juniata co., Pemi.: on tlic N. bank of the Juniata r„ S4 m. N. W. Harrisburg. The Pennsylvania Canal passes through the borough. It has a numl>er of dwellings, several stores, and workshops. Tlio "Juniata Regislf-r,*' and "Juniata Sentinel'' (whig), are weekly issues. Pop. 4S5. MiFFLiN^TLLE, p. V., Columbia co., Penn. : on the S side of the Susquehanna r., 57 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Milam county, T&e. Situate E, centrally, and contains 1,243 sq. m. Drained by Little r., a branch of the Brazos, its E. boundary, and its branches Indian, Elm^ and Brushy creeks, and San Gabriel r. Surface undidaling or level, a large part open prairie, but with a plenty of timber in every part. Soil mostly very fertile, producing great crops of col- ton, corn, Irish and sweet potatoes, and admirably adapted to grain-growing and grazing. Indigo grftws s))ontaneousIy in great abundance. It is rich in minerals, and has val- uable stone quarries, millstone grit, and numerous salt springs. Farms 152 : manuf. 1 ; dwell. 414, and pop.— wh. 2.469, fr. col. 2. si. 436— total 2.903. Capilnl : Cameron. Milam, p. v., and cap. Sabine co., Tex.: on the Old Military R«)ad, 247 m. N. E. Austin City. Milan, p. v., Eipley county, Ind. : 65 miles S. E. Indianapolis. Milan, t and p. o., Monroe co., Wch.: 47 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by N. branch of Macon r. Surface un- dulating; soil fertile, adapted to grain. It contains a num- ber of mills and manufactories, and several workshops. Pop, of t 642. MiL,VN, p. v., and cap. Sullivan co., Mo. : on the E. fork of Locust cr., 124 m. N. N. W. Jefferson City. The U. S. Land OflBce for the Milan district is here. Milan, t. and p. v., Coos co., A^ Bamp.: 91 m. N. ^ E. Concord. Drained by the Androscoggin r. and S. branch of Upper Ammon'Xisuc r. Surface uneven; in N. E. and S. W. mountainous; soil adapted to grazing. Here are some mills and manufactories. Chartered in 1771. The v. is situate centrally on the line of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R., 104 m. N. W. Portland (Me.), 19 m. E. Northumber- land. It contains several stores and workshops. Popula- tion of t 493. Milan, t. and p. v., Duchess co., N'. T. : 40 m. S. Albany. Drained by several creeks flowing into the Hud- son r. Surface uneven, and parts hilly ; soi! clay loam. It contains the v., situate centrally, and has some stores, seve- ral mills and mauufaclories, and a number of workshops. Pop. of t 1,7(>4. MiLAN^, t. and p. v., Erie county, Ohio: 93 m. N. by E. Columbus. Drained by Huron r. and its branches. Surface hilly; soil fertile and productive. The v. on the S, bank of the river is pleasantly located on a bluff some 70 feet above the water, on the site of an old Indian town. It is connected with Huron harbor 8 m. by a ship canal, by which vessels pass up to the village. It is a flourishing village, and con- tains churches, an academy, a number of stores, several mills, and various mechanic shops. The t. has in it a num- ber of schools. The " Milan Tribune*' (whig) is issued week- ly. Pop. of t. 2,697. Milan, p. o., Bradford county, Perm. : 118 ra. N. Harrisburg. MiLBCBG, p. o., Greenville dist., JS. Car. : 9S m. N. W. Columbia. MiLESBTTEG, p. V., Centre co., Penn. : in an extensive coal region, on S.side of Bald Eagle cr.. 67 m.N.W. Harrisburg. The country round about is mountainous. There are in the village a cold blast furnace of 1,100 tons annual capacity, 2 charcoal forges, producing 450 tons blooms each, and 2 roUing mills, producing 600 tons each annually. MiLESTOWN, p. v., St. Mary's co., Md. : E. of Wicomico r., and 41 m. S. by W. Ann.-ipolis. MiLESTOWN, p. v., Philadelphia coimty, Pain.: on an 475 MIL MIL clovalinn, SO miles E. by S. Hnrrisburg, and 9 mUes N. riiiladelpbia. MiLTOED, 1. and p. v., New Haven CO., Conn. : 43 m. S. S. W. Hartford. Bovmdcd on the S. by Long Island Sound, and in the W. by tlie Housatonic r. Drained by "Wepawaus river and several small creeks flowing into the Sound. Surface undulating; soil fertile; and there is a quarry of beautiful serpentine marble in tlic lown. It has a Une harbor for vessels of from 150 to 200 tons burden. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in the oyster and clam trade and in coasting. The Washington bridge crosses the Housatonic r. near Milford Point to Stratford, at which place there is a draw to admit vessels The v. is very pleasantly situate at the mouth of Wcpawaug r. at the head of the harbor, on line of the New York and New Haven K. R., 10 m. from New Haven. There are in tlie t. several stores and mills, together with a number of manufactories. Pop. of t, 2,465. MiLFonD, t. and p. t., Jefferson co., TTi'sc. .• 27 m. E. Madison. Drained by Beaver dam branch of Eock river. Surface varied ; soil fertile, with good timber lands. The v. is situate on Eock r., and contains several stores and dwell- ings. Pop. of t. 728 MiLFoED, p. V. and bund., Kent CO., Del. : on N. bank of MispiUion cr., 16 ra. S. Dover. There are in the hund. nu- merous stores, sever.al mills, manufactories, and workshops. Area, 47,500 sq. m. The "Milford Beacon" is issued weekly. Pop. 2,529. MiLFoBD, p. T., Hunterdon Co., W. Jer. : on the E. bank of the Delaware r., 29 m. N.W. Trenton. MrLFor.D, p. v., Iroquois co.. III. : on the N. side of Sug.ar creek, 113 m. N. E. Springfleld. The v. is surrounded by excellent prairie land. MiLroF.D, p. v., Kosciusko county, Tnil. : 115 m. N. Indianapolis. There is a railroad in course of coustmc- tion from Peru to Goshen, which will pass through the village. Mllfoed, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : 76 m. N. E. Augusta, on the E. side of the Penobscot r., by which and the Sunkhaze r. the t. is drained. Orono lies on the opposite side of the river. Pop. 687. MiLFOKD, t, and p. v., Worcester co., JTitss. : 29 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Pawtucket and Charles rivers, which afford excellent hydraulic power. Surface pleasantly diversified ; soil fertile and well cultivated. There are a number of mills and several manufactories of vari.nis kinds in successful operation here. The v. is very pleas- antly situate' on the borders of a pond in centre of t The Milford Branch E. E. connects the v. with Farraington, 13 m. distant, where it. forms a junction with the Boston and ■Worcester E. R. There are a number of line dwellings, some stores, and several workshops in the village. The " Practical Christian" is the name of a semi-monthly issue. Pop. of the t. 4,819. MiLFOBD, p. v., Caroline Co., Vifg. : on the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac E. R., 33 m. from Eieb- mond. MllFORD, L and p. v., Oakland co., Mu-h. : 49 m. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by br.anchcs of Huron r. Surface undu- lating ; soil very fertile, and produces grain. The village is on a branch of Huron r., and has several neat dwellings. Pop/of t.'l,470. MiLFOED, p, v., Bracken county, JC;/. : on a branch of Licking r., 68 rh. N.TE. by E. Frankfort. Milford, t. and p. v., Hillsborough co., K ITamp. : 29 m. S. i E. Concord. Souhegan river divides the t., running through the N. part, by which and its brandies it is drained, and produces excellent water-power. Surface un- dulating ; soil rich. The t. is' on theWilton R. E., 4 m. from Wilton. The I. has considerable manufactures. Pop. of t 2,189. MiLFOED, t. and p. T., Otsego CO., K T. : 67 m.W. Albany. Drained by Susquehanna r. and its branches Surface very 476 ' uneven — in parta much broken: soil strong nob loam, and verj- fertile. The v. is pleasantly situate on a level plain near the Susquehanna r., and contains several stores, mills, and tanneries. Pop. of t. 2,227. MiLFoai), p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on the E. side of the Little Miami r., 81 m. S. W. Columbus, and connected by a bridge with the station on the Little Miami E. R., on the W. side of the river, 14 m. fi-om Cincinnati. Population about 600. Milford, t, p. v., and cap. Pike county, Peiw. : 129 m N.E. Harrisburg. Drained by several small lakes, empty- ing into the Delaware r., which bounds the town on the S. E. Surface mountainous and much broken ; s*>il infe- rior, except along the banks of the river, where it is good. The village, on the W. bank of the Delaware, is very pleasantly situated on an elevation, at which point a sub- stantial bridge affords communication with the opposite shore. Pop. 858. Milford, p. v., Greenville district, S. Car. ; on a fork of Congaree r., 94 m. N. W. Columbia. Milford Centre, p. v.. Union co., Ohio : on S. side of Big Darby cr., 81 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. Pop. 211. MiLFORDTON, p. o., Knox CO., Ohio : 28 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Military Boitntt Tract, HI. : the region generally de- nominated the Military Bounty Tract, was survcycil during the years 1S15 and 1S16, and the greater part subsequently appropriated in bounties to the soldiers of the regular army, who served in the late war between the United States and Great Britain. It is situated between the rivers Mis-sissiitiii and Illinois, and extends from their junction due north by a meridian line, denominated the fourth princip.il meridian, 1G9 miles, presenting an irregular, curvilinear triangle, the acute angle of which is at the junction of these two rivers. From this point the two rivers diverge, so as to make a distance of 90 miles between the extreme points of the northern boundary. Half way between the extremes the width is 64 miles. The base line mnning due east and west, and commencing- just above Quincy, on the Missis- sippi, and terminating at the Illinois, a little below Beards- town, intersects the fourth principal meridian at right angles above the junction of the Mississippi and lllimtis rivers. The whole tract, according to the public survcjs, contains 207 entire townships, of six miles square, and 61 fractional townships— altogether 8,360,000 acres, of which 8,500.000 have been appropriated in military bounties. This tract of country lies between 38° 54' and 41° 40' of north latitude, and 13° west longitude from Washington City, and bounded on the south-west for 255 miles by the Mississippi river, and for about the same distance on the south-east by the Illinois. Thus do these two great rivers in their diverging course, with Rock river approximating from the north, form a spa- cious peninsula, furnishing a border to the bounty lands by a sheet of navig.ible waters for steamboats more than .5t)0 miles in extent, leaving no part of the tract more than 43 miles, and the greater part not exceeding 20 miles from steamboat navigation. The water communication now com- pleted between the Mississippi and the lakes, by means of the Illinois and Chicago Canal, greatly increases the value of the bounty lands, by affording a choice of markets for their products, either at Chicago, Detroit, Buffalo, New York, Montreal, or Quebec, by way ot the Illinois Canal and the lakes, or by the natural channels of the rivers south, at St. Louis and New Orleans. In the interior of the tract, traversing it in various directions, are several rivers and creeks of less consequence, in a commercial point of view, but nevertheless of great utility to tho settlements in their vicinity. Of tliese, Spoon, Henderson, Edwards, and Pope's rivers, and Crooked, Kickapoo or Red Bud, Copperas, Ot- ter, M'Kce's, M'Craney's, Hadlcy's Mill, and Bear creeks, are the most considcr.able. About two-thirds of this tract is timbered, and the other third is mostly prairie of good quality. It has become cousiJerably settled, and yearly MIL MIL !\lrnishe3 considclrtible amounts nf products for eximrt. Com, wheat, barley, hemp, and polatoes, are tlie principal productiona.— (7((ri'-/s.s' We.^tern I'oft/'altiire, 1S52. MrLiTAEf Gkove, p. o., M'Dowell co., 2i. Car.: ISS m.W. Ealeigli. Military Instititte, p. o., Franlclin co., Ay. ; at Drennon Springs, U ni. W. Kentutky r., 20 m. N. Frankfort. Tlie annual session of this college commences llie second Mon- day in Se])tomber, and the second term of Uie session on Uie first Monday in February of each year. Its course of studies embraces tlie scientific course of the United States Military Academy at "West Point, and thorough instruction in history, international and constitutional law. the Greek and Latin languages, and civil engineering. Great facili- ties are also offered for the study of the modem European languages. A flourishing law school is connected with the institute, and affords great advantages to the students. Tlio military feature introduced is not merely for the purpose of diffusing military knowledge, but as the means of exercising complete control, and of securing to the student the personal advantages of a uniform and economical distribution of time, habits of punctuality, health, physical development, and a consequent increase of mental vigor. The location of the Institute is very healthy, and is removed from the allurements, the vices, and the dissipations usually incident to college life. Situated on the Kentucky river, it may be reached by steamboat tVom Louisville or Cincinnati, or by railroad from Louisville to Eminence, on the Louisville and Frankfort road, and thence by stage to Drennon. a distance of 1*2 miles. Institute charges fur tuition, boarding, lodging, fuel, lights, washing, servants' attendance, and use of furni- ture and arms, $S0 per term. Surgeon's fee. ^5 per session. Charges in the law school for the above and use of text- books, $160 per term ; each term commencing and ending ■with the serai-annual session of the Institute. Military Road, p. o., Jefferson co., N'. Y. : 151 m. N. W. Alt) any. Mn.TTAnT SpnrsGS, p. o., Fayette county, Akt. : 133 m. N. W. Montgomery. MiLLAN. p. o., Pike CO., J/7ss. ; 73 m. 9. Jackson. Millard county, Vtch Tei\ Situate S. "W., and contains about 20.000 sq. m. The S. line is the parallel of SS^ 30'; tlif E. the meridian of 34*^ 40' W. from Washington, and the W. the California State line. It is about 60 m. wide, and embraces a great variety of surface, soil, and climate, of which little is known dL-finitely. In the W. are several large lakes and rivers, of which "Walker r. and lake, and Carson r. and lake are the largest, and in the E. is Nicollet r.. flowing N. into Nicollet lake. Several mountain chains intersect it, and the surface is mostly elevated. On the E. border is a high ridge, on which, at an elevation of 4,790 feet above sea level, and in lat. 38° 53' 40", is Fillmore City, the cap. of the co. and territory. The co. was a part of San Tele in ISoO. MrLLARD, p. 0., "Walworth county, Wise. : 53 m. S. E. Madison. MiLLARPSvTLLK, p. V., Susquchanna Co., Penn.: 127 m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Mux Ark, p. o., Fulton county, Ind, : 53 miles N. Indianapolis. MfLLTtArn, p. 0., Lebanon county, Penn. : 23 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Mtll Bayou, p. v., Mississippi co., Arl:: 133 m. N. E. Little Rock. Mill Bend, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenn.: 216 m. "W. by N. Nashville, ■ MiLLBORouGn Sprinos, p. v., Bath county, V7f'ff. : 123 m. "W. X. W. Richmond, on the line of the Yirginia Central Riiilroad. MiLLnuTDGE, t. and p. c, Washington co., Sff.: 9S m. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by Naragnagus river, whicli divides it. It contains Naragnagus bay. which sets up from the sea, and the p. o. so called is on the E. side of the r., in N. part. Coasting trade and fishery is the chief occupa- tion uf the inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,170. Mill Brook, p. o., Litchfield co., Cmm. : 26 m. W. N. "W. nartf..rd. Mill Brook, p. o., "Warren co., X. Jer. : 47 m. N. by "W. Trenton. SIiLL Brook, p. v., "Wayne county, Ohio : 71 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains several stores and dwellings, and some m,echanic shops. Mill Brook, p. o., "Warren co,, N. Y. : 63 m. N. Albany. MiLLiu'RN, p. v., Ballard county, Kij. : 246 m. "W. S. "W. Frankfort. The contemplated line of the Mobile auil Ohio K. R. passes through this village. MiLLBtiRN, p. v., Lake co.. Ill,: on Mill creek, 105 m. N. N. "W. Springfield. MiLLnrBY, t. and p. v., Worcester county, 3fass. : 87 m. W. S. W. Boston. The t is divided by tlio Blackstone r., by which and its branches it is drained, affording valuable water-power. Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil of good quality and very productive. There are extensive manu- factories and a large number of mills and workshops in the toWTL Incorporated in 1^13. The Blackstone Canal passes through the town, The village is on the line of the Providence and Worcester R. R., 6 m. S. Worcester, and contains several churches, an academy, some fine dwellings and stores, a number of mills, and several work- shops. The Millbury Bank is situate in the village. Popu- lation of the town 3,031. Mill Creek, p. o., Pulaski county, TU. : 173 m. S. by E. Springfield. Mill Creek, p. v., Ripley co., Jfo. : on the W. side of Current river, at the confluence of Mill cr., 153 m. S. S. E. Jefferson City. Mill Creek, p. o.. Person co., 2^. Car. : 5D m. N. N. W. Raleigh, Mill Creek, p. o., Carroll county, /ly. .■ 35 m. N. by W. Frankfort. Mill Creek, p. o., Kent county, Mich. : 63 m. W. by N. Lansing. Mill Creek, p. v., Tluntingdon co.yPen}i.: N. side of the Juniata r., and on the line of the Eastern Division of the Pennsylvania R. R., 92 m. W. Ilarrisburg. The c»>untry round about is mountainous and abounds in iron. There is in the v, a hot-blast furnace of 1,000 tons, and a cold-blast furnace of 1,400 tons annual capacity. Mill Creek, fur., "N'enango co., Penn. The furnace located here has .^n annual capacity of 1,000 tons. Mill Creek, p. o., Fulton eo., Ohia: 132 m. N. W. by N. Columbus. \ Mill Creek, hund., New Castle co., Dd. : between Re€l. : on S. side of Indian r., 41 m. 8. J E. Dover, MiLLSBOROUGH, p. V., Washington co., Penn. : on the W. side of the Monongahela r. and N. of the confluence of Ten Mile er., 164 m. W. Harrisburg. Mills' Bridge, p. o., Pike county, Oa.: 74 miles W. Milledgeville. Mills' Goenees, p. o., Fulton co., N. T. : 37 m. N. "W. Albany. Mills' Gap, p. o., Eutherford co., A". Car. : 206 m.'W. by S. Ealeigh. MiLifi' Mills, p. o., Alleghany co., A^. F. ; 225 m.'W. by S. Albany. Mills' Pkaipje, p. v., Edwards co., Hi. : 122 m. S. E. Springfiehl. Mills river, IlL : rises in N. part of Jackson co., makes a semicircular bend into Perry, and empties into the Mis- sissippi r. in Randolph County. Mill Spring, p. o., Jeflersoa county, Temi. : 194 m. E. Nashville. Mill Spring, p. v., "Wayne co., Kf/. : on the S. side of Cumberiand r., 86 m. S. Frankfurt. Millstadt, p. v.,St. Clair co., J IL: on the "Waterloo and Belleville ixist^road, 96 m. S. by W. Springlield. Millstone, p. v., Oglethorjie co., Ga. : on the S. side of Broad r., 67 m. N. by E. Milledgeville. Millstone, p. v., Somerset co., Al Jer, : on "W. side Mill- stone r., 22 m. N. by E. Trenton ; contains a number of very neat dwellings, some stores, and several workshops. Millstone river, 2f. Jer.: rises in Millstone, Monmouth County, flows in a N. and W. by N. course to Kingston, forming the division between Middlesex and Mercer, and thence N. through Somerset, joins the Earitan r. about 2^ ra. E. Somerville. This is n rapid stream and has many trib- utaries affording excellent mill-sites. The Delaware and Earitan Canal follows this river a considerable distance. Milltown, p. o., Chester coimty, Peiin. : 63 m, E. by S. Harrisburg. MiLLTowN, p. v., Crawford co., Ind. : on the W. bank of the Great Blue r., 157 m. S. Indianapolis. Milltown, p. 0., Washington co.. Me. : 12S m. E. by N, Augusta. Milltdwn, p. 0., Chambers co., Alu. : 73 in. N. E. by E, Montgomery. MiLLTowN, p. T., Putnam co., Al T. : SI m. S. Albany ; contains several stores, a foundry, and a few mills. MiLLviEW, i>. o., Fauquier co., Viri/.: 94 m. N. by"W. Eichmond. MiLLTiEw, p. 0., Sullivan county, Ponn. : SI miles N. Harrisburg. MiLLviLLE, p. v., Butler county, Ala. : 43 miles S, Montgomerj'. MiLLTiLLE, p. T., fTo Daviess CO., PI. : on a fork of Apple r., 193 m. N. Springfield. SIILL^^LLE, p. v., Clayton co., la. : on S. bank of Turkey r., 74 m. N. by E. Iowa City. There arc in this v. a num- ber of fine farms and some mills. The country round about is well cultivated, and lead is to be found along the banks of the river. MiLLviLLE, p. v., 'Worcester co., Mass.: on the Provi- dence and Worcester E. E., 20 m. from Providence, 35 m, S. W. Boston. MILLVILLE, sta., Essex county, Al Jer, : on line of the Morris and Essex E. E., 10 m. W. Newark, and 24 m. S. E. Dover. MILLVILLE, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., N. Jer. : 49 m. S. Trenton. Drained by Maurice r. and its branches. Sur- face even ; soil inferior and unproductive. There are a number of mills and workshops in the t. Glass is manu- factured here to a considerable extent. The v. is situate on the E. bank of Maurice r., and contains n number of stwres and some fine dwellings. Pop. of the t. 2.332. MiLLTiLLE, p. T.. Orleans co., N. Y. : 245 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains several dwellings, an incorjiorated academy, a number of mills, and a carriage manufiictory. MiLLViLLE, p. v., Butler CO., Ohio: on a branch of Miami r., 96 m. W. S. W. Columbus. It contains several liwellings, a number of stores and workshops, and about 300 inhab- itants. MiLLV-n-LE. p. v., Columbia county, Penn. : on the line of the Catawissa and Towanda E. E., 57 miles N. by E. Harrisburg. MiLLTiLLE, p. v., Spartanburg dist., .51 Car.: on a fork of Congaree r., 74 m. N. W. Columbia. MiLLviLLE, p. o., Lincoln county, Tenn, : 69 m. S. by E. NashviUe. 479 MIL MiLLViLLE, p. v., I!ay CO., Mo. : on a branch of Wjaconda cr., 112 m. N. W. by W. Jefferson Cily. MiLi.vii.1.1:, 1). o., King George CO., Vlrg. : 63 m. N. by E. Eichnion'l. Mill" Era, p.o., Anderson disL, S. Car. : 109 m. W. KW. Columbia. Millwood, p. t., Dooly county, Ga. : 7T m. 8. 8. W. Millfilgoville. JliLLwooD, p. v., Lincoln oounly, Mo.: 6S m. N. E. Jefferson City. Millwood, p. v., Jackson co., Flor. : 51 m. N. W. by W. Tallahassee. Millwood, p. v., Knox co., Ohio : on the N. side of Vernon r., 47 m. N. E. Columbus. Millwood,* p. v., Clark co., Vir//.: on the W. side of eiienandoah r., 113 m. N. by W. Eiehmond. Millwood, p. o., Collin county, Te-x. : 209 m. N. by E. Austin Cily. MiLKEc, p. v., Pike co., Ga.: 61 m. W. Millcdgcvillc. The Macon and 'Western E. E. passes the v. 47 m. from Macon. MiLNEnsTTLLE, p. 0., Guenisc-y co., Ohio: 47 m. E. by N. Columbus. MiLo, t. and p. v., Piscataquis co., 3fe. : 73 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by the Piscataquis r. and its branches, Sebec and Pleasant rivers. Surface pleasantly diversified ; soil fertile, especially on the banks of the rivers ; well adapted to grain. There are a few mills and some manufactories here. The v. is situate on the IST. side of Sebec r., and con- tains a number of dwellings, stores, and workshops. Pop. of the t 932. MiLO, t. and p. v.. Talcs co., iK K; 169 m. TV. Albany. Drained by a small stream, which bounds it on the N., and connects Crooked lake with Seneca lake, the former bound- ing it on the W. and the latter on the E. Surface undulat- ing ; soil fertile. It is quite a flourishing t., and contains several stores, a number of mills and manufactories, and a furnace, all in active operation. The T. is in S. E. part, near Seneca lake, and contains a number of mills, stores, and ■workshops. Penn Tan, a considerable village, and capital of the county, is situate in the N., on the outlet of Crooked lake. Pop. of L 4,791. Mn.o, p. v.. Bureau co., HI : 93 m. N. Springfield. Sur- rounded by good prairie lands. MiLo Centre, p. v., Tates Co., N. Y. : at the head of Crooked lake, on the line of the Canandaigua and EIniira E. E., 89 m. N. by W. Elmira, and 171 m. W. Albany. The country round about is very rich, producing large crops of wheat annually. Mn.noT, p. v.. Rush co., Ind. : on Little Flat Eock cr., 89 m. S. E. by E. Indianapolis. MiLKOv, p. 0., Mifflin county, Penn.: 48 m. N. W. Harrisburg. MiLTox, p. v., Autauga CO., Ala. : on a branch of Coosa r., 33 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. MiLTOX, p. v., Litchfield CO., Conn. : on the Litchfield post-road, on E. side of Shepaug r., 31 m. W. Harlforii. MiLTOx, p. v., Sussex co., Del. : on N. side of a small cr. flowing into Delaware Bay, 27 m. 8. Dover. MiLTov. p. v., and cap. Santa Rosa co., Fl^r. : on the W. side of Blackwater r., 15 m. N. Pensacola, 165 m. W. Talla- hassee. The country round about the v. is celebrated for excellent live o.ak. Milton, p. v.. Pike CO., HI. : &4 m. W. by 8. Springfield. MiLTox, p. v., "Wayne co., Ind. : on the "W. branch of the White Water r., 68 m. E. Indianapolis. The White Water Canal passes through the village. MiLTox, p. v., Trimble CO., A'y. .• on the S. bank of the Ohio r., 44 m. N. W. Frankfort. A small v., containing a number of stores and workshops, a few dwellings, and about 250 inhabitaoLs. MiLTox, t. and p. v., Norfolk county, Mass. : 7 m. 8. Boston. Bounded on the N. and W. by Ncponsot r., by 430 mL which and its branches it is drained. Surface undulating, except in the S., where it is mountainous; .soil very fertile. The river affords extensive hydraulic power, and has some fine mill-sites, of which there are quite a number, as also manufactories. Extensive and valuable granite quarries are found here. The v. (called Uie Mills) is situate on the Neponset r., at the head of navigation, and is in a very thriving condition, being the seat of considerable trade and manufacture. A fine granite bridge here crosses the Xe- ponset river, and the Dorchester and Milton Branch E. E. diverges hence, and connects with the Old Colony U. E. at Neponset, 5 m. from Boston. MUton contains some fine country seats and beautiful scenery. Blue Hill, a celebrated land-mark for sailors, 710 feel above the sea, is in S. part of the t,, 12 m. from Boston. Pop. 2,241. Milton, p. o., Lafayette co., Miss. : 135 m. N. N. E. Jackson. MiLTox, p. v., Randolph co.. Mo. : on Elk Fork, a branch of Salt River, 63 m. N. i W. Jefferson City. Miltox, p. v., Morris co., AT. jer. : E. side Eockaway r., near Hamburg Mountain, 55 m. N. J E. Trenton. MiLTox, t, and p. v., Strafford Co., JK //amp.: 27 m. N. E. Concord. ■ Bounded on the E. by Salmon r., by the branches of which it is drained. Surface various ; in the E. is Teneriffe, a rocky mountain, near which is Milton Pond, connecting with Salmon r. Soil gootl. It h.as exten.«ive hydraulic power. The v., in N. part of t, is a pleasant settlement, and has a number of stores and workshops. Pop. of 1. 1,619. MiLTOx, p. v., Ulster co., JK T. : on W. side of the Hud- son r., at the head of a landing, 78 m. S. by W. Albany. The countrj- round about is very productive, yielding a large amount of produce, which is sent away annually by means of barges which ply between the village and New Tork. There are 75 dwellings, with several stores and workshops, and about 475 inhabitants in the lillage. MiLTOX, t. and p. v., Mahoning CO., Ohio: 127 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by affluents of Mahoning r. Surface undulating ; soil fertile and well cultivated. It has excellent water-power. The v. is situate on a branch of Mahoning r., in N. W. part of t, and contains several stores and work- shops. Pop. 1,120. MiLTox, p. v., Caswell co., K Car. : on the 8. sido of D.an r., G6 m. N. N. W. Ealeigh. A new.spaper, the " Mil- ton Clironicle" (whig), is here issued weekly. Milton, p. b., Northumberland co., Penn.: on the E. side of tlie W. branch of the Susquehanna r., at the conflu- ence of Limestone r., 53 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. A bridge crosses the Susquehanna r. at that point The b. contains about 800 dwellings, numerous stores, and several manufac- tories. The "Miltonian'' (whig), a weekly paper, is issued here. Pop. 1,646. Miltox, p. v., Eutherford CO., Tenn. : 31 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Miltox, p. o., Wilkinson county, Ga. : 19 miles 8. Milledgeville. Miltox, p. v., Laurens dist,, & Car. : on Little r., 53 m. N. W. by W. Columbia. Milton, t and p. v., Chittenden co.. Verm. : 34 m. N. W. Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille river and its branches. Surface ideasanlly diversified ; soil good, with fine pastur- age. It has immense hydraulic power, owing to an exten- sive waterfall in the river. There are a number of mills and manufactories. The t is bounded on the W. by Lake Champlain. Sand Bar bridge connects it with South Hero, on Grand Isle. The v. is pleasantly situate on La- moille r., near the falls, and on the line of the Vermont Central E. It., 121 m. from Windsor. It contains several mills and some manufactories, together with a number of workshops and .ibout 60 dwellings. Pop. of t 2.451. Miltox, t. and p. o., Eock county. Wise. : 29 nL 8. E. Madison. Bounded on the N. by Koshkonong lake, by the outlets of which it is drained; and diversified by a num- MIL MIN bcT of small ronds. Surface undulating : snil fertile. There an- several nulls and manufaclorios in the town. The v. is on llie line of the Milwaukie anlal Sl.iiTT. (Vj/iito/: Milwaukie. PuUic irnc/-.v.- Milwaukie and Mississippi 1'.. K. ; Lake Shore E. E.; Milwaukie and Fond du Lae E. E. : plank-roads, etc. Milwaukie, p. v., Clackamas co., Oretj. : on the E. bank of the Willamette r., some 6 ra. below the falls, and 37 m. N. E. Salem. It may be said to be at the head of ship nav- igation on the Willamette. Above the v. the r. is unsnit<'d to ship navigation. In a commercial point of view, this is an important site, and is a very prosperous village. MiLWAiKiE, t, p. city, and cap. Milwaukie co., Wi.v. : on the W. shore of Lake Michigan, 75 in. E. Madison. Lat 43^^ '14'. long. 87° 57'. Drained by Milwaukie r. and branch, wliich former, running parallel with the lake, divides the t. Surface uneven, along the banks of the river and lake hilly ; soil rich and very productive. The shore on Lake Michigan consists of a bank of clay from 20 to 101) feet high, and as nearly perpendicular as the nature of the material will admit of. The country rises gradually to the W. The city is the most important town on Lake Michigan (except Cliicago, which is some 90 miles farther S.l, anil is of some twenty years' growth. The inhabitants, of whom a larirc number are Dutch, Swiss, Xorwegians, and Irish, are of "a quiet, imlustrious turn. It is noIe. MivE La Mo-ite. p. v.. Madison Co.. .Vo.; on a branch of St. Francis r., 1-23 m. S. E. by E. Jefferson Ciiy. There 431 MIN MIN ia an extensive lead mine here yielding 72 per cent, pure metal. The ores are easily reduced, and G ounces of silver is procured per ion. The carbonate is reduced by means of a blast furnace. Copper and zinc ores are found in the Wcinitj' ; manganese ores are also very abundant, and in time will be sought after with much avidity. Cobalt has be- come an object of exploration. It is f. Capitnla. Benlon . . 71 . . . 41R . . 20 .. 1 . . Sauk r.apids Dakotah . . . . . TS . . . 6S4 . . _ . Fort SncUing 23 . 1.53 . .SO . 4 .. - . Mankatah.. .. 16 .. — Peoibiua... .. 1S3.. . 1,134 . .17 .. - .. . Pembina j;rpat dcplh, yet, as a general rule, it is far loss than is experienced in New England or the northern part of the State of ilcw York. The comparative absence of moisture in ttie country is attributable, doubtless, to the fact that no very large bodies of water are to be found, although, as before stated, small lakes abound. Diu-ing the coldest weather in whiter the air is perfectly still ; consequently the weather is much more tolerable, and even pleasant, than could be supposed by those who reside in the same latitude on the Atlantic coast. The navigation of the Mississippi, however, is not to bo relied on after the first week in December, and steamboats arrive in the spring about the middle of April, so that the river may be considered as closed about five months in the year. Minnesota, in 1S50, according to the census of that year, was divided into nine counties, the general statistics of wluch and the capitals of each were as follows : Counties. Dwell Pop. ^"^'"'^ """';''• Capitals. ■^ 111 cult, i^stab.- "^ Ramsey 3S4 ... 2,227 ... ID ....... St. Padx Wabashaw 55... 24.3... 8....... — Wahnahta 26... 160.. 5....... — Washington 161 .. . 1,056 ... 43 ... 4 .. . StiUwater The whole number of dwellings in the Tcrrritory was, at the above dale, 1,002, of families 1,016, and of inhabitants 6,077, viz. : whites 6,03S — males 3,695, and females 2,34.3 ; and of free colored persons 39— males 21, and females IS. Of the whole population, there were deaf and dumb — wh. 0, fr. col. — total ; hlind — wh. 0, fr. col. — total ; insane — wh. 0, fr. col. — total 0; and idioilc~\\h. 1, fr. col. — total 1. The number of free persons bora in the United States was 4,007 ; the number of foreign birth, 2,043 ; and the number of blrlh unknown, 22. The native population originated as follows : Maine 365, N. Hamp. 47, Verm. 100, Mass. 92, E. I. 3, Conn. 4S, N. York 4S8, N. Jer. 115, Penn. 227, Del. 8, Md. 31, Dist. or Col. 3, Yirg. 59. N. Car. 6, S. Car. 4, Ga. 4, Flor. 0, Ala. 6, Miss. 0, La, 4, Tex. 0, Ark. 11, Tenn. 21, Ky. 71, Ohio 291, Mich. 41, Ind. 85, 111. 16S, Mo. 90, la. SI, Wise. 301, Calif. 1, and territories 7 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons from— England S4, Ireland 271, Scotland 39, Wales 3, Germany 141, France 29, Uolland 16, Spain 1, Portugal 0, Belgium 1, Turkey 0, Italy 1, Austria 1, Switzerland 32, Russia 2, Norway 7, Denmark 1, Sweden 4, Prussia 5, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China 0, Asia 0, Africa 0, British America 1,417, Mexico 0, South America 0, Central America 0, West Indies 0, Sandwich Islands 0, other countries 4. The statistics of the wealth, industry, institutions, etc., of the Territory, according to the seventh census of the United States taken in 1S50, and other official returns referring to the same period of time, are as follows: Occupied Lands^ etc. — Improved farm lands 5,035 acres, and unimproved lands 23,846 acres, valued in cash at $161,948 ; number of farms under cuhivation, 157 ; value of farming implements and maehlnory, -$15,9S1. Li've-StocJc, — Uorses S60, asses and mules 14, milch cows 607, working oxen 655; other cattle 740, sheep SO, and swino 734 — valued in the aggregate at .$92,S59. Animal Prodncts.—ViOoX S5 pounds, butter 1,100 pounds, cheese pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $2,S40. Grain and Food Crops. — Wheat 1,401 bushels, rje 125 bushels, Indian com 16,725 bushels, oats 3S,5S2 bushels, barley 1,216 bushels, and buckwheat 515 bu.shels. Peas and beans were produced to the amoimt of 10,002 bushels, and potatoes —Irish 21,145 bushels, and sweet 200 bushels. J/iscella neons Cropa. — Hay 2,019 tons, maple sugar 2,950 pounds ; value of the produce of market gardens $150. Man ii/actures^ of course, can not be looked for in so young a community as that of Minnesota. According to the censns there were in the Territory only Jive industrial establishments producing to the value of $500 and ujiward annually. The commerce of the country is wholly carried on by means of steamboats navigating its rivers, and there is some over- land intcrcoiu-se maintained between the Pembina settlement on the Red River and the south-eastern towns, but to no great amount Regular steamers ply between St Louis and St Paul via Fevre River, etc, Oovernment.—The. government is based on the act of Congress constituting the Territory, passed 30th March, 1S49. This act gives the right of sufTrage to every free white male iidiabitant 21 years old, and who has taken an oath to support the Constitution of the United States and the act forming the Constitution of the Territor}'. All electors are eligible to be elected. The Legidature consists of a Council and House of Representatives. The Council has 9 members elected in districts by a plurality of votes, fur two years, and the House 13 members elected for one year. The legislature may increase the number of councilors to 15, and the number of representatives to 39. Members of either body must reside in their district, and every district shall be represented according to its population after deducting Indians, No session of the Legislative Assembly shall exceed sixty days. No law shall be passed interfering with the primary disposal of the soil ; no tax shall be imposed on the property of the United States; nor shall the property of non-residents be taxed higher than that of residents. All laws shall be submitted to Congress, and if disapproved shall be null. The Governor is appointed by the Pnrsident and Senate for four years, and until his successor be appointed and qualified, unless sooner removed by the President He is ex-officin superintendent of Indian afl:tirs, and commander-in- chief of the militia. He may grant pardons for ofTenses against territorial laws, and reprieve, until the decision of the President be known, for offenses against the laws of the United States. His veto may be defeated by a subsequent two- third vote of the Legislative Assembly. The Secretary of the Territory, whose mode of appointment and tenure of office, is the same as the Governor's, would assume his functions in case of his absence, or the vacation of his office. The judiciary consists of a Supreme Coiu-t, District Courts, etc. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and two associates, appointed by the President and the Senate for four years, any two of whom constitute a quorum, and hold an annual term at the seat of government The Territory is divided into three districts, in each of which one of the three justices reside, and hold a District Court, having the jurisdiction of the United States District and Circuit Courts in all cases arising under the laws or constitution of the United States, for jury trials, subject to appeal to the Supremo Court, in which issues at law only are heard. From the Supreme Court writs of error and appeals lie to the Supreme Court of the United Stales (as from a Circuit Court), where the matter in dispute exceeds in value $1,000. Itoili the District and Supreme Courts possess chancery powers. Justices of the peace have no jurisdiction where the title or Ixiimdarics of land are in dispute, or where the sura claimed exceeds $100. An attorney and marshal of the Territory are appointed by the President and Senate for four years. Inhabitants of the Territory are secured all the rights heretofore granted to the 483 MIN ras inhabitants of 'Wisconsin, and the laws of "Wisconsin, at the date of its admission as a State, so far as compatible With the present organization, until repealed or modified. A delegate to the llouse of Ecprcsentatives in Congress is chosen by a phirality of votes for two years, Thc^fta7ici(d condition of the Territory is exhibited in the official reports to the 1st January, 1S53 : Territorial taxes for 1S50, collected $561 41, and delinquent $271 OS, or a total of $S32 49 : territorial taxes for 1S51, due. etc.. $1.'2S2 Si- making a total revenue for ]S5l) and "51 amounting to $2,114 80. Warrants drawn on the Treasurj-, in 1S50, $1,1S1 50, and in 1S51 $350— total for the two years $2,031 60. Excess of revenue, including unpaid tax, $S3 80. The militia force of Minnesota, in 1550. consisted of 2,008 men of all arms, of which 7 were commissioned officers, and 1,99G non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 2 were general officers, and 5 general staff officers. Educatiwi. — Schools are established in the more thickly populated sections, and are supported chiefly by local tax. The Uuited States Government appropriates also $12,000 to the purposes of education. Two sections uf the land from every township are reserved for the support of schools— in the older settled States only one section in each town was thus set apart. Congress also appropriated $20,000 for a public library. Religious Denominutimis. — The census of 1S50 does not record any tiling respecting the denominations in this Territory. The following are from the annual reports of the several churches: The Koman Catholics, in 1S53, had 7 chiu-ches, and 10 clergymen, chiefly employed on missions. The Territory was erected into the Koman Catholic diocese of St Paul, on the 2Sth June, 1S50. The Episcopalians have a church at St. Paul, and several others in different parts, and are under a missionary bishop. The Methodists and Baptists have also congregations, and perhaps number larger than any of the other sects, but it seems that the newness of the settlements, or distance from the central establishments, has prevented the usual reports being sent in. So little, indeeurg, Sheldon, Ilii^ligate, and Swanton, returns N. into Hi^hi^^ate, and empties into Mis^isque Bay. Lake Champlain, at Ilidisrule, near the Canada line. At Knos- burj; it receives Trout r., besides which IJlack or. and Tay- lor's Lninch are its inon important tribularic?, affording a number of valuable mill-sites. Its Ieng:th, including wind- ings, is about 75 miles. It has a number of falls in its course. Navigable for vessels of 5U tons burden to Swanton Falls, distant G m., where there is extensive hydraulic power. MississiNAWA, t. and p. o., Darke co., Ohio: 91 ra. W. by N. Columbus. Drained by Mississinawa r. Surface level ; soil fertile, adai)ted to grain. Danemora v. is in the E. part of the t. on Mississinawa r. Pop. of t. 3TS. M1SSIS.SINAWA river. Jml. : rises in W. part of Darke co., Ohio, flowing in a N. W. course into Indiana, passes through the counties of Randolph, Delaware, Grant, and "Wabash, and empties into the Wabash river, in Miami co., a short distance below Peru. It forms one of the principal trilni- laries of the Waliash river. lis upper parts furnish good mill-seals, and ils lower Is navigable at high water for boats of 10 tons burden. THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. Missresrrpi is Iinumled on llie norlli hy Tennessee, on the cast by Alabama, on the sonlh by Ibe Gulf of Mexico and Louisiana, and on llic west liy Pearl and Mississippi rivers, which sep.arato it from Louisiana and Arkansas. Like Alabama, it lias a narrow strip of lanil about 90 miles long aud 50 miles wide, south of the mairj body of the State to the Gnlf of MeNioo. Independently of this tr.aet. it lies l)etwecn 81° and 3S° latitudes north, and extends from SS° 13' to 91° 36' lonsiludes west from Greenwich, or 11° lo' anil 14° 'H' from Washington. In the nortli. tlie width is about 116 miles, but it expands pretty resularly to ISO miles in the south, aud ils length, exclusive of the strip above mentioned, is about are miles, comprising an area of 47.166 square miles. The surface of Mississippi has a general slope to the south-west and to the south, as appears from the course of the rivers ; but a small section semis off its w.aters to the south-east. There are no mountains within the limits of the State, vet numerous ranges of hills of moderate elevation give to the greater part of the surface an undulating and diversified character; some of these eminences terminate abruptly upon a level plain, or upon the banks of a river, and bear the names of blulTs or river hills. The western border on the Mississippi is an extensive region of swamps ; and between the Mi.ssissippi and Yazoo there is a tract of 170 miles in length by 50 in width, with an area of nearly 7,000 square mUes annually overflowed. "The broad and extensive low grounds or flats, between Memphis and Vicksbnrg, are subject to frequent inundations to the depth of many feet, and a width of from 10 to 30, an.l even occasionally 30 miles. Much of the surface is occupied by swamps, morasses, l.agoons, sla.shes, etc., through wd)ieh the T.tzoo Elver has ils course; the whole of wdiich, from the junction of the Cold Water aud Tallahalehee rivers, lies between this valley region. From the circuuislanccs already detailed, this extensive tract has been denominated liy some the Jlississippi, and by ethers the Yazoo Swamp. During the prev.alence of high flrxids, it assumes the character of a marine forest ratlur than that of a woodland bottom." The south-eastern counties are generally low, hut have an undulating surface ; and the southern pari of the Stale, generally for about lliO miles from the Gidf of Mexico, is mostly a sandy level country, covered with a pine forest, interspersed with cypress swamps, prairies, water-marshes, and a few hills of slight elevation. Every portion of the Shite is well waU-red : clear and running streams penetrate it in every direction, and ils rivers are numerous and wi.lc-spreading. The Tennessee Kiver laves the north-eastern corner, and the Tombigbee, which rises in this section, has been navigated bv steamboats to Aberdeen, in Monroe County. The Mississippi washes the wliole western border for a distance, by the'eircuitous course of its channel, of 630 miles, but in a straight line of not half Uiat distance. Froin Memphis, just aixive the northern frontier of Missi.'^ippi, to Vicksburg. a distance of ^ll miles, the uplands or river hills are separated from the river by inundated bottoms of greater or less width, an.l afford no site suitable for a port ; below Vicksburg, the only eligible port is Natchez, 100 miles south, and below this point there is no bank of much magnitude above the reach of high water till wo come to ISaton Rouge, in Louisiana. The Mississippi, however, receives several considerable streams from the most valuable part of the State. The Yazoo is formed by the junction of the Yallaliusha and Tallahatchee, which rise in the northern part of the State, near the head waters of the Tombigbee, and flows into the Mississippi 12 miles above Vicksburg, after a course of 200 miles, 50 miles of which are navigable for large boats. Big Black Kiver is next in'pointof size, and enters the Mississippi immediately above Grand Gulf by a mouth 40 yards ■wide. Its length is 200 miles, and it is navigated by steamboats for 50 miles. The Bayou Pierre and the Homoehilto are the other principal tributaries of the Mississippi from this State ; the latter enters the Mississippi +3 miles below Natchez. The other rivers have a southerly course to the Gulf of Mexico and the lagoons connected with it. The Amiti6 has but a small part of its course in Mississippi. The Pearl liiver rises near tlie centre of the State, and flows through a fertile ami populous region into the Kigolets, or outlet of Lake Ponlchartrain. Below 31° north latitude it divides the Slate from Louisiana, and has been navigated by steandioats to -lackson. The Pascagoula waters the south-eastern section. It la formed bv the confluence of The Chiekasawha and Leaf rivers, and empties into the sound of the same name. It is navigable" for 50 miles for vessels of C feet draft of water, and for boats 100 miles farther, but the bay at its mouth has only 4 feet of water. . . The coast, which ex-tends along the Gulf of Jlexico for about 60 miles, has no harbors except those of Mississippi City and Shieldsboro', which, however, do not admit large vessels. A chain of low sand islands, six or seven miles Ironi the shore, inclose several bays or sounds, the largestof which are P.ascagoula Sound and Lake Borgne. Ship and C at islands are eligible stations for ocean steamers. The ports on the Mississippi are Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, and Natchez. The upper portion of Ihe State is generally known as North Mississippi, though the region thus designated includes a portion only of the north. This section of the State (the Chickasaw cession) came into market and cultivation some flftecn years ago. The surface of the grouml is rather rolling, but generally is very clean: \m an open cliaiupaign appearance, and is beautifully wooded with oak, hickory, etc.. devoid of undergrowth. The "P'auds I'roducc very abundantly, but the substratum of the country being sandy, they are soon ruined by the heavy rams. he valley lands, as they arc termed, arc much more durable, the soil being heavier and darker, and arc highly productive; but Uicy are 485 MISSISSIPPI. liable to be and frequently are submerged, acres at a time, under billows of sand washed from the uplands during heavy freshets. Cotton has hitherto been the staple product. The chief outlet of this region is by wagons to Memphis. Another section of North Mississippi is called the " Prairie," or " Torabigbee" country, covering the north-east part of the State, and sweeping far down on the Alabama liue. This country is uniformly level, with scarcely a tree, covered by rank grass, dotted sometimes with pools and marshes, and intersected by dull, sluggish branches. The soil is a dark, he:ivy loam, coal-black, and of surprising strength and fertility. The mold is dilferent from that of Lower Loviisiaua in this, that it is more of an original and k-ss of a depository character; and also in being thick and highly adhesive, instead of light and ashy, as the former. It is also corrosive and deeply impregnated with lime — strong and ajjparently incx- hausUble. The crop is and ever will be cotton, of which the yield is abundant Corn also yields profusely. This region, though lying by the Chickasaw counties, finds its market at Mobile by means of the Tombigbee Kiver princip;dly. The border eounlies, down the Alabama line, change from the prairie and partake more of the character of the Chickasaw lands. It is a beautiful and healthy range of counties, finely watered, and produces cotton and the lighter grains. A large portion of the State is known as East Mississippi, which really includes the south-east and part of the southern sectiODs. Though one of the oldest, it is one of tho thinnest settled parla of the Stale. The character of the land is mixed — some poor and some very rich; broken hills and ft-rtile valleys. Cotton is produced, but to no great extent; com and email grain abundantly, and sometimes rice ; it is also famous for its cattle. Indeed, the region possesses many of the pleasant characteristics of a pastoral country. The natural market of this section is Mobile, although a small portion of its trade is done at Jackson, and some of it seeks New Orleans by way of Pearl liiver. The portion of the Stale border- ing on the sea-shore, with its bathing, fish, oysters, and pleasant summer retreats, is well known to the dust-covered denizens of New Orleans, and is becoming to the South what Newport and Cape May are to the North. Back from tho eea-coast is generally a sandy, broken tract, covered by quantities of fine pine, which is now being worked off" tho land for timber and naval stores. The south-west and coimtry above it is the oldest settled portion of the Slate; the soil is rich, and the population wealthy. Commencing some 50 miles below the mouth of the Yazoo River, inclining to the Interior for about 100 miles in a line gently circling northward up through the centre, then diverging to the north-west to a point below Memphis, is to be found as noble a sweep of countrj' as any in the world. It is washed by the Mississippi from Memphis to Vicksburg, and is intersected by the Yazoo, its head waters and tributaries, throughout its greatest extent The facilities for market are unequaled. The Yazoo liiver running through nearly its whole extent, is an excellent stream, affording steam navigation as high as the south-west corner of Marshall County, The soil is of a most productive character, being, as it is called, swamp land. It possesses all the strength of the prairie lands without their adhesive and corrosive nature. This region has but recently come into cultivation, it having hitherto been considt-red damp and unhealthy; but this idea experience has much modified. One drawback on these lands, however, is their liability to overflow from freshets in the Mississippi Elver. The section last spoken of embraces the counties of Yazo^>, Sunflower, ■Washington, Bolivar, Coahoma, Tunica, Tallahatchie, and a portion of De Soto, Panola, Yallabusha, Carroll, and Holmes, ami is generally known as the region of the " Eiver Counties." [Several valuable articles on the topography etc., of Mississippi will be found in " De Bole's Industrial Jiesources^" cte.y volume II.] Mississippi is divided into 59 counties, the general statistics of which in 1S50 were as follows : NORTITEEN inSSISSIPPI— ^TWENTY-THEEE COTTNTHS. Counties. Dwell Attala l,4;n.. Bolivar 95.. CarroU 1,441... Chickasaw... 1,(U7.. Choctaw 1,405... Coahoma.... 2G0... DeSoto 1,644... Itawamba 1,855 . . . Lafiiyette 1.3S-2.., liOwndcs 1,163. .. Marshall 2,306.., Monroe 1,576... Co'iiities. Dwell. Adams 900.. Amit6 GGO.. Claiborne 659. . Clark 631.. Copiah 1,148.. Covington S4S. . Franklin 44T. . Greene '2X1.. TTaneock 492. Harrison 727.. Hinds 1,656., Holmes 995., Issaquena 110.. Jackson 440 . Jasper 674. Jefferson 514. Jones 819, Kemper 1,249. 4S6 Pop. FnriBs. in cult. ivi™i.f. Estab. Capitill3. Counties. I>»ell. Pop. Farms, in nilt. It.-WI K-fal' '■ r„„,„„.. .10,999. .1,336. .44.. .Kosciiisko Noxubee,... .. 9,57. ..10,299. .. 676 ...81. ...Macon . 2,577. . 57. . 0... .Bolivar Oktibbeha.. . 744. .. 9,171. .. 660. ...13. ... Stark ville .18,491.. . 986. .4.1... .CarroUtoa Panola . 891. ..11,444. . 618. ... 0. ...Panola .IGj-WiS.. .1,167. .29... .Houston Pontotoe.... .2,001. .17,112. .1,24.9. ...82. ..Pontotoc .19,042.. .1,132. .17... .Greensboro' Sunflower . . . 75. . 1,102. . 43. ... 0. ..M-Nutt . 2,780.. . 161. . 0... .Delta T.allahatchie . S63. ..4,643. . 282. ... 0. . . . Charleston .19,042. . .1,257. .38... .Hernando Tippah .2,655. .20,741. .1,890. ...26. . . Ripley .13,528.. .1,499. .16... .FuUon Tishemingo .2,201. .15.490. .1,247. ...16. ...Jacinto .14,009. .1,044. .49... .Oxford Tunica . 78. . 1,.314. . 41. .. 0. ..Austin .19.S44. . . 725. .03... . Columbus Winston . 806. . 7,950. . 551. ..18. ..Louisville .29,6S9,. .1,011. .54... .HoUy Springs Yallabusha. .1,491. .17,258. . S72. ...32. ..CoffeevUle .21,172.. . 843. .13... .Athens SOUTHEKN MlSSISSirpI- -TinETT-SIX OOITNTIES Pop. Farma in cult Jt.nur. Estiib. Capitals. Counties. D»ell. Pop. Farms in cult. Manuf. £&tab. Capitals. .18,622. ...136. ..15.. ..Natchez Lauderdale. . .1,008. . . S,71T.. ..922.. ..81.. .Marion . . 9.094. ...510. .. 1. ..Liberty Lawrence . . . . 613.. . 6,478.. ..458.. ..12.. .Monticcllo ..14,941. ....310. ..19. ..Port Gibson Lealie . 685.. . 5,5.33.. ..4.37.. .. 4.. .Carthage . 5,477. ...500. .. T.. ..Quitman Madison . 767.. .18,173. . ..552.. ..10.. .Canton .11,794. ...9.M. ..2t.. ..Gallatin Marion . 377.. . 4,410.. ..322.. . 7.. .Columbia .. 3,3.'?8. ...272. .. 5. ..Williamsbg. Neshoba... . . 545.. . 4,728.. ..420.. .. 0.. .Philadelphia .. 5,904. ...380. .. 5. . .Meadville Newton 5S6.. . 4,465.. ..850.. .. C. .Decatur . 2,018. ... 93. .. 0.. ..Leakvillo Perry 265.. . 2,438.. ..131.. . 0.. ..\ngu3ta .. 3,672. ... 77. ..11. ..Shieldsboro' Pike 69S. . . 7,360.. ..558.. .19.. .Holmcsville . 4.875. .. 84. ..19.. ..Missi?sip. C. Rankin . 69S.. . 7,227.. ..420.. . 5.. . Brandon ..25,340. ...852. .. 3,. ..Jackson Scott . 422.. . 8.961.. ..257.. .14.. .Hillsboro' .18,928. ..640. ..21.. ..Lexington Simpson 520.. . 4,7.34.. ..451.. . 8.. .Westville .. 4,473. ... 76. .. 0.. ..Tallulah Smith ,11.5.. . 4,071.. ..425.. . S... .Raleigh . 3,196. ..212. .. S.. . .Jackson C.H. Warren 1,230.. .18,121.. ..435.. .25.. .Yicksburg . 6,184. ..540. .. 9.. ..Paulding Washington . 126.. . 8,-389.. ..109.. . 0.. .Greenville .18,193. ..239.. . . 1 . . . .F.ayette Wayne . 281.. . 2,892.. ..102.. . 0.. .Winchester . 2.164. ..274. .. 0.. ..Kllisvillo Wilkinson . . . 730.. .10,914.. ..404.. .18.. .WoodvillB .12,517. ..730. .. 1.. ..DeKalb Yazoo . 935.. .14,418.. ..461.. .17.. .Bentoa mssissippi. The whole number of dwellingrs in the Slate waa, at the above date, 51,6Sl, of families 52,107, and of inhabitants 600,565, viz. ; whites 295,755— males 15S.'260, and females 13!),-19S, free colored Ss9 — mali-s 473, and females 426 ; slaves 3ull,89S. Of the whole population, there were deufand diimh—wh. SI, fr. col. 1, si. 26— total lOS ; hlind—wh. 1.30, fr. col. 1, si. 86 total 217 ; inmne—vh. 127. fr. col. 0, si. 22— total 149 ; and idiotic— \vh. 141, fr. col. 5, si. 64— total 210. The number of free persons born in the United States was 291,114 ; the number of foreign birth 4,95S, and of birth unknown 576 ; the native population originated as follows : Maine 139, N. Ilainp. 100, Verm. 141, Mass. a39, E. I. 62, Conn. 242, N. Tork 952, N. Jer. 221, Penn. 9S1, Del. 67, Md. 791, Dist. of Col. 93, Virg. 40,777, N. Car. 17,1109, S. Car. 2,919, Oa. 1,254, Flor. 67, Ala. 2,1167, Mississippi 140,SS5, La. 2.557, Tex. 139, Ark. 466, Tcnn. 27,4:39, Ky. 3,94S, Ohio 564, Mich, lol, lud. 41S, 111. 311, Mo. 80.3, la. 7, "Wise. 4, Calif. 1, Territories 5; and the yi/mt/w population was comi)Osed of persons from — England 593, Ireland 1,92S, Scotland 317, W-ales 10, Germany 1,064, France 440, Spain 49, rortug.aI 2, Belgium 8, Ilolland S, Italy 121, Austria 16, Switzerland 41, Russia 9, Denmark 24, Norway 8, Sweden 14, Prussia 71, Asia 2, Africa 6, British America 79, Mexico 13, Central America 1, SotUh America 4, West hulies 25, and other countries 110. The following t.ible will show the decennial progress of the population suice the first census of the State, taken by the United States authorities in ISOO : Coloreil Persona. necniiiiO Increase. Foi)'il.\lion. Nurii-riial. Per cenL 8,S.')0 . . . — ... .. — 40,352 .... .. 31,602 ... . . 865.9 75,448 . . . . . 35,096 .. 86.9 136,621 . . . .. 61.173 ... .. St.O 37,5,651 ... . . 239,030 . . . . . 175.1 606,555 ... .. 2.30,904 ... .. 61.4 Census ^Vliite , Y«r?tr. Persona. Free. Slave. Tol.il. ISOO 5,170 1^2 S,4S9 3,1171 ISIO 2;?.'>24 240 17.0S8 17,S-^S 1S20 42.176 45S 3-2.814 83,272 1S3(> 70,44:i 519 65,039 GO.US ls40 17D,074 1,366 195,211 100,577 1S50 295,753 899 809,893 310,797 Tbo stiitistics of the wealth, industry, and inslitutious of the State, as exliibilcd by the seventh census of the "United States, taken in 1S50, are as follows: Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved farm lands, 3,444.359 acres, and unimproved lands, 7,04G,0G1 acres— valued together at $54,7oS,C34. Total number of farms under ciiltivalion 1st June, 1S50, 33,960 ; in the Northern District, 19,S51 ; aud in the Southern District, 14,109. Value of farming implements and machinery, $5,7(52,927. JJv('-Stoek.—lUir?.c9, 115,460; asaes and mules, 54,547; milch cows, 214.231; working oxen, S3.4S5 ; other cattle, 436,254 ; slieep, 304,929 ; and swine. 1,5S2,7;34— valued in the aggregate at $19,403,662. According to the census of IS-IO, there were in the State at that date, 109,227 horses, mules, etc. ; 623,197 neat cattle of all kinds ; 123,367 sheep; and 1,001,209 sheep. Products of Animal ft. — "Wool, 559,619 (in 1340,175.196) pounds; butter, 4,346,231 pmmds ; cheese, 21,191 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered in the year was $3,036,532. The quantity of beeswax and honey produced was 397,460 pounds. Grain Crops. — Wheat, 137.990 bushels; rye, 9,606 bushels; Indian com, 22,446,552 bushels; oats, 1,503,23? bushels; barley, 229 bushels, and buckwheat, 1,121 busht-ls. The crops of the several grains, according to the census of 1S40, were — wheat, 196,620 busht'ls; rye, 11,444 bushels; Indian corn, 13,161,237 bushels; oats, 663,624 bushels ; barley,l,6&i bushels; and buckwheat, 61 bushels. Ot/n-r Food Crop-s.^Uice, 2,719,356 bushels ; peas and beans, 1,072.757 ; potatoes— Irish, 261,433, and sweet, 4,741,795 bushels. The rice crop, accordmg to the returns of 1340, amounted to 777,195 pounds; and the crop of potatoes to 1,630,100 bushels. Miscdlaneom (>ops.— Tobacco, 49,960 (in 1340, 83,470) pounds; ginned cotton, 434,293 hales of 400 pounds (in 1S40, 193,401,577 pounds); hay, 12,505 (in 1340, 171) tons; clover-seed, 34 bushels; other gras.«-seed, 533 bushels; hops, 473 pounds; hemp — dew-rotted. 7 tons, and water-rotted, tons; flax, 665 tons; flax-seed, 26 bushels; silk cocoons, 2 pounds ; sugar— maple, pounds, and cane, 333 hogsheads of 1,000 pounds ; molasses, 1S,31S gallons ; wrne, 407 gallons, etc. ; value of orchard prmlucts, $50,405. and of market-garden products, $46,250. The table annexed exhibits the absolute and relative differeuce in the chief crops, as ascertained under the censuses of 1340 and 1350 : Staples. I8J0. 1850. MftvemenL "Wool 175,196 pounds 559.619 pounds incr. 334,423 pounds, or 219.4 per cent Indian Corn 13.1 6 1.2.".7 bushels 22.440,552 bushels nw. 9,235.315 bushels, or 7n.5 " Eice 777.195 jiourids 2,719,s50 pounds iner. 1,942.661 pounds, or 249.9 " Tobacco 83.471 " 49,960 " d^cr. 33,511 " or 40.1 " Cotton 193,401,577 " 193,717.200 " incr. 315,623 « or 0.16 " Sugar 77 *' 883,000 " incr. 337,923 " or 503.796.1 " Thus it would appear tliat of all the staples, except tobacco and ctton, the ratio of increase has been immeasiu-alily ahead of the ratio of the increase of tin? population. Cotton has almost exactly kept iU absolute status, which, in fact, is a relative decline in the production of the staple; andifithatl incrt'ast-d in like pro}Rirtinii with the population, the crop should have been about 822,350,000 pounds. This result in the crop of 1350 is accounIfulations. Its present condition, even, is little removed from such abnormal usolessness. Excepting its ordinary roads, which, however, are none of the best, the genius of modern times had done little or nothing to facilitate its access to the markets. True, it has not been backward in projects, yet none but in the single instance of the Vicksburg, Brandon, and Jackson llailroad has been brought to fruition. Here, then, is the present condition of the commercial avenues of the Slate. ltd prospects for the future are more encour.nging. There are now in progress the Mobile and Ohio liailroad, and the New Orleans, Jackson, and Northern Kailroad traversing the Stale north and south, and forming in Mississippi links in the great chain tliat is to unite the Upper Mis- sissippi and the great lakes with two of the great ports of the Gulf of Mexico ; and traversing the State east and west are the Memphis and Charleston llailroad on the north line ; a line of railroad from Selma, Ala., westward to Urandon, there ttniling wilh the already complete railroad to Vicksburg, and a line from Madisonville, on Lake Pontchartrain, eaatward to a junction with the Mobile ancl Ohio UaiIroa- and November. The court may continue In session as long as business requires, and may order a special term, or adjourn to meet at any time. The judges arc also authorized to meet annually on the third Monday in June, in the town of Oxford, to receive the written, and hear the oral, arguments 4S8 MISSISSIPPI. of causes from Iho lliird district, provided the State ia nol a party. Tlic Legislature appoints tlie reporter, and lias nbolished the common law form of pleading, and adopted a system somewhat similar la that of chancery or civil law. The "Superior Court of Chancery," held by llic chancellor at the capital, is in huv considered always open. The ehan- cellor is authorized to hold the same at such Unies and for such periuds as business nuiy require, upon giving three weeks' notice in the public newspapers. There are in the State three chancery districts ; tlic " District Chancery Courls," each with a vice-chancellor, have concurrent power and jurisdiction with the Superior Court within their respective districts where the amount in controversy does not exceed $500,U0l). Special terms of tJieso courts may be held by giving thirty days' public notice. For the purpose of holding district or circuit courts, the St;ile ia divided into seven district**. The *' Circuit Court" has original jurisdiction in civil cases in which the sum in controversy exceeds $50, and it has also exclueivceriminal jurisdiction. For each of the districts a jud^e and attorney are elected every iVuir ye:irs. AmejHimenU to the conslilutinn, if they be passed by two-thirds of each house, shall be submitted to the people six monllis before the next general election, and if approved i)y them shall be adopted. Tlie Jlilitia force of Mississippi consists of ;30,0S4 men of all arms, nf which Sio are coinmistinnetl officers, .Tnd "r).259 non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates. Of the commissioned oflicers 15 are general officers, 70 general staff officers, 892 field officers, etc., and 3iS eomi>any officers. The benevoicnt i/islttiitum-sodUc State are the Institution for the Blind, and the Mississippi Lunatic Asylum at Jackson. Finances^ e^c— The receipts into the treasury fur the year ending 30th April, 1S50, amounted to $1397,402 G-'J, and the expenditures by warrant during the same year to $2-S4.9yy DS. lixcess of means, $9-1.403 05. The chief sources ofincomc and the amounts collected from each, were — State tax $3^^4,631), internal improvement fund $13,196, tiie sinliiug fund $19,S57, penitentiary $3,1S9, the seminary fund $^251, redemption of lands $4,001, land sulea $2,720, etc. ; ami the princi- pal objects and amounts of expenditure, were — Legislature $48,731, judiciary $S2,307, executive $3.SG9, contingent fund (executive) $4,195, appropriations $20,179, penitentiary $25,206, printing $5,323. executed slaves $3,702, University $10,957, Common Schools $17, Lunatic Asylum $5,000, institution for tiie Blind $2,455, seminary fund $3,020, eommissions for assessing $9,540, elections $2,024, ten per cent, fund $38,312, etc. The State lax is based on personal and real esUite, and the objects of taxation are occupied lands and town lots, money at interest, mcrehandbe sold, bank stock auction sales, pleasure carriages, watches, clocks, ten-pin alleys, race-tracks, bowie-knives, pistols, cattle over 20 head, horses stiUIions, jacks, pianos, male free negroes, slaves under GO years old. free white polls, etc. Tlie absolute delt of the State amounts $2,271,707, and the contingent debt to $5,000,001)— total, $7,271,707. The armual interest on the absolute debt is about $136,000. The State has property to the value of $2,000,000, but this is at present unproductive. The total assessed value of taxable property in the State in 1S50 was $203,422,167 ; the true value of property, as ascertained by tlie census of 1S50, amounts to $223,304,332. FcfJ^ral liepre-seniation.—yimm'ippi, in accordance with the act of 2od May, 1350, apportioning representation, sends ^ve representatives to the Congress of the United States. iU(iCrt(toH.— Mississippi has never had an efficient common school system, the sparscness of the population having proved a formidable obstacle to the success of any general system. A law was i)assed in 1340 giving the apimintmeut of school commissioners to the Board of Policy in each county, with power to levy taxes, etc. All the large towns organized schools under this system ; but by a later act essential alterations have been made in tlie law, and special laws for partic- ular connties now govern these institutions. Tlie means of the State for school purposes arc ample, consi.sting of finids arising from leases of the sixteenth sections of land, from fines and forfeitures, an4,.W2. Mississippi con.stilules a diocese of the same name of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and also the Eoman Catholic diocese of Natchez, a suITrapan of the ecclesiastical province of New Orleans. Pavpcrimn and Crimf— The whole number of paupers relieved or supported in the year endini; 1st .June, 1S50, was 200, of which 24S were native-born and 13 foreimers; and the whole number "f p.iupcrs at tho date specified, 257, of 3 «9 MS sns which 446 were native-born, and 13 foreianers; annual cost of support, $13,132. The State prison is located at Jackson. The whole number of convicte on the 80th November, 1S48, was 8S, and the whole number received since the establish- ment of the prison in 1S40 was 24r, averajing 81 per annum. Of the number in prison in ms, 7 were foreigners, and SI natives and 5 were confined for attempts to kill, 13 for manslaughter, U for negro stealing, 5 for forger>-, 29 for petty lar- ceny, and It for grand larceny. The discharges for the year ending aa above wer&-by expiration of sentence 10, by pardon of governor 13, and by writ of error 1. ir,stork' distance of 685 m. above the falls of St, Anthony. At the full of Peckagama the river descends 20 feet in 300 yards, by a rapid which entirely obstructs navigation. At the head of these falls the prairies entirely cease, and below a forest of elm, maple, birch, oak, and ash overshadow the stream. The river now takes a southerly course, curving to the west, and again to the east, to the falls of St. Anthony. The faU of the river above may be computed at 6 inches in a mile, with a current of 3 m. an hour, exclusive of some rapids, anil has some dry prairies on its shores, the resort of tho buffalo, elk, and deer, and are the only part of the Missis- sippi in which the buffalo is now found. At the falls of St Anthony, 843 m. above the mouth of the Missouri, the river has a perpendicular descent of about 25 feet, with a formid- able rapid above and below. The rapid above the falls has a descent of 10 feet in the distance of 800 yards, ami below the falls a descent of 15 feet in the distance of half a mile. An island at the brink of the falls divides the current into two parts, the largest of which is on the west of tho island, and immediately below the falls are large fragments of rock, in the Interstices of which some aUuvial soil has accumii- ras btcd, supporting a stinted growlli of cclars. The whole fail lias a descent of about 41 feet in less than three-fourths of a mile. This fall has nothing of the grandeur of Niagara, but tlie cataract and the surrounding scenery are widely picturesque and beautiful. In times of high floods it may approach to the sublime. The width of the river above the falls is 500 or 600 yards, and at the falls is 227 yards, but narrows to 200 yards a short distance below. The portage around the falls is about 260 rods. In 1S05 the United Blales purchased of the Sioux tribe of Indians a tract of 9 m. square, including the falls of St. Antliony, for a military post, for the sum of $2,000. On this terrilor;' Fort Snelling is situated. A considerable tract of fertile land has been put under cultivation by the garrison. As an indication of the climate, the first green peas were eaten here on the 1.5lh of June, and the flrst green com on the 20th of July ; ai'i <"> the last of July Schoolcrafl found much of the com too hard to be boiled for the table, and some ears might have been eekcted sufficiently ripe for seed corn. A little below the falls of St. Anthony the Minnesota river enters from the W., and is much the largest tribularj- of the upper Mississippi. For 200 m. above its entrance Carver found it about 100 yards wide, with a great depth, and it receives several important tributaries. It is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and 10 or 15 feet deep. About 44° 45' N. lat. the St. Croix enters on the N. E. side, which is 100 y.ards wide at its mouth. About 500 yards above its mouth it expands into a lake called St. Croix lake, which is 36 m. long, and from li to 8 m. broad, and the river is said to be navigable for boats for 200 miles. About 15 m. below the mouth of the St. Croix the Mississippi expands into a beautiful sheet of water called Lake Fepin, which is 24 m. long, and from 2 to 4 m. broad, and is 100 m. below the falls of St. Anthony. On the E. shore is a range of limestone bluffs, and on the W. an elevated level prairie, covered with a luxuriant growth of grass, and nearly desti- tute of forest trees, with occasional conical hills, which appear like artificial mounds. At the lower termination of Lake Pepin Chippeway river enters from the N. W., after a course of about 300 m. In 4.3° N. lat. 'Wisconsin river enters on the E. side : it is navigable 200 miles, and a canal is in constraction near Fort ■ffiunebago. Columbia co., which, li m. long, will connect with Keenah river, and thereby with the great lakes. A little below this comes in Turkey river from the TV. A little below 42= N. lat. enters the Wapsi- pinicon, a considerable river from the W., and a little down, Kock river, a clear and beautiful stream, enters on the E. side. A little above Eock river are long rapids, which at low water render it difficult for boats to ascend. At 41° 10' enters the Iowa, a large river from the W., and below that enter on the same side Skunk and Des Moines rivers. The latter is perhaps the largest westem tributary above the Missouri. It is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and said to be boatable for nearly 300 miles. A few miles above its moulh are rapids, 9 m. long, forming a serious impediment to navi- gation at low water; but these obstacles will be overcome by a canal now in constmetion. In about 39° N. hat. comes the Illinois river, a noble, broad, and deep stream, and the most considerable tributar)' of the Mississippi above the Missouri. It is neariy 400 yards wide at iU mouth, is about 400 m. long, and navigable to Peru, 269 m. from its moulh, at which point commences the Illinois and Michigan Canal, extending to Chicago, loO m. long. A little below 39° N. lat comes in from the W. the mighty Missouri, which is longer and probably discharges more water tlian the Missis- sippi : and had it been eariier explored it would probably been considered as the parent stream, but it will henceforth be considered only as a tributary. The Mississippi above the junction is a remarkably clear stream, but this is entirely de- stroyed by the entrance of the turbid Missouri, which commu- nicates its own muddy appearance to the Mississippi through the remainder of its course, thus asserting its superiority. (see Missouri river). Near SS= N. lat the Ka.skaskia river comes in on the E. side. It is SO yards wide at its mouth, MIS flows through a beautiful country, is over 300 m. long, and is boatable in high water over 100 m. Near 37° N. lat. comes iu from the E. the beautiful Ohio, " la Belle Riaiere" of the French, and is much the largest eastern tributary, and from the densely populated and highly fertile country on its bor- ders, it is at present much the most important branch of the Mississippi. The large tributaries, the Cumberiand. Tennessee, and Wabash, contribute to its magniticence and importance. At 34° 40' the St Francis enters from the W., 200 yards wide at its mouth, and supposed to be navigable by one of its forks for 300 miles. At S4° N. lat White river enters on the W. side, by a mouth from 300 to 400 yards wide, and is probably about 1,200 m. long. Thirty m. below, at 33° 4S', the Arkansas enters from the W., by a mouth 500 yards wide, and is supposed to be 2.500 m. long. It is, next to the Missouri, the largest western tributary, and its waters are of a dark flame color when the river is full. At 32° 24', a little above the Walnut hills, in the State of Mississippi, near Vicksbnrg, the Yazoo river enters on the E. side, by a mouth from 200 to 300 yards wide. At 31° 04' Red river enters on the W. side. It is nearly as large as the Ark.ansas. and discharges about as much water. Here the Mississippi carries its greatest volume of water, as im- mediately below this, and at intervals after, it sends off several large outlets. Three m. below the mouth of Red river p.Tsses off on the W. side, the Atchafalaya or Chaffalio Bayou, as it is called, which is supposed to carry off as much as the Red river brings in. Here the Mississippi has a famous " cut-off," by crossing the isthmus of a large bend» so that the main channel does not pass the mouth of Red river. The Atchafalaya has been supposed to be the ancient bed of Red river, by which its waters were dischargeil with- out mingling with the Mississippi, and much of its water is now dischai^ged by this outlet A little below Baton Rouge the Iberville passes off on the E. side, going through lakes Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne into the Gnlf of Mexico. In times of flood it carries off considerable water. Between this outlet on the E. and Atchafalaya on the W. is what is caUed the Delta of the Mississippi. Between Atcha- falaya and New Orieans pass off, on the W. side. Plaque- mine, which joins the Atchafalaya, and La Fourche, which pursues an independent course to the Gulf of Mexico. At the distance of 105 m. below New Orieans by the course of the river, and 90 m. in a direct line, this majestic river enters the Gulf of Mexico by sever.al mouths, the principal of which are called the Balize or north-east pass, in 29° 7' 25" N. lat, and 89° 10' W. long., and the south-west pass in 29° S' N. lat, and 89° 25' W. long. The depth of water on the bar at each of these passes is 12 feet, but much greater a little without and within the bar. Most of the vessels enter and leave the river by the north-cast pass. It might naturally be ex-pected from the extent of counhy drained by the Mississippi that the spring floods would be great From the mouth of the Missouri the flood commences in March, and does not subside before the last of May, at an average height of 15 feet From the Missouri to the Ohio it rises 25 feet, and for a great distance below the Ohio it rises 50 feet At every flood it overspreads the country, chiefly on its W. side, for 500 ni. from its mouth, to the dis- tance of from 10 to .30 miles. From the falls of St. Anthony to tlie mouth of the Missouri it has a medial current of 2 m. an hour; and at every place, except at the rapids of the Des Moines, it has a depth of water of not less than 4 feet at the lowest stages. Below the Missouri its depth is greatly increased, but its width, exce|it in the forests and swamps, when overflowed, is very little increased. To the mouth of the Ohio it has in the channel 6 feet of water at its lowest stages, and at the highest of 25 feet From the mouth of the Ohio to the St Francis there are various shoal places, where at low water pUots areollen perplexed to find a sufficient depth of water. Below that point there is no difficulty for vessels of any draught except to And the right channel. Above Natchez the flood begins to decline; at 491 MIS Baton r^ouge it st-Mom exceeds 30, and at New Orleans 12 feet. This river is exceedingly winding in its course, and somelimcs u bcnti will occur of yo miles, where the distance across the neck will not exceed a mile. The mighty volume of water often carries away a large mass of earth, with its trees, from a projecting point, and frequently endangers vessels. Trees are also often bedded in mud, Willi their tops projecting, producing snags and sawyers, as thoy are calleci, dangerous to navigators. The w]iir]s or eddies which are produced by the tortuous course of the river and its projecting points, render the navigation to a degree difli- cuU and «langerous. Below the Missouri the medial current is about 4 m. an hour. It is difficult, on viewing it for the first time, to have an adequate idea of its grandeur, and the amount of water wliirh it carries. In the spring, when below the mouth of the Ohio its banks are overflowed, although the sheet of wa'.er that is making its way to the gulf may be -30 ra. wide, yet finding its way through forests and swamps which conceal it from the eye, no expanse of water is seen but that which is included between its wooded b.nnks. which seldom exceeds but often falls short of a mile in width ; but when it is seen, from time to time, to swallow up many large rivers, it will be easily conceived that it must have a great depth. At the lowest water, at the efHux of the Atchafalaya, at the head of the Delta, it is from 75 lo SO feet deep ; at the outlet of La Fourche, at Donaldsonville, 130 feet ; upward of 100 feet at New Orleans, and from 75 to SO feet 3 m. above the main bars. Vesssls are often from 5 to 30 days in ascending from the mouth of the river to New Orleans, though they will, with a favorable wind, ofiea WIS descend in 12 hours. Before the introduction of steamboats it required 8 or 10 weeks to go lo the Illinois. Boats of 40 tons ascend the river to the falls of St. Anthony, more than 2,000 ni. from its mouth. The use of steamboats has nearly superseded all other vessels for ascending the river. Largo flat-bottomed boats, denominated arks, which are not de- signed to return, are extensively used for transportation down the river. The first steamboat on the western waters was built at Pittsburg, in ISU; there are now over 300 on the Mississippi and its tributaries, many of them of great burthen. The passage from Cincinnati to New Orleans and back has been made in 19 days. Large ships, moved by sails, rarely ascend above Natchez, There are no tides in the Mississippi. Distances navigable by steam on Mississippi river and its principal branches ; Miles. Mississippi 2,000 Bayou La Fourche 60 Big Black 60 Yazoo 300 Arkansas 603 White 500 St. Francis 800 Ohio 1,000 Kaskaskia 150 Maramec 60 Illinois 269 Mississippi Springs, p. v., Jackson. Z .MilPd Missouri 1,500 Des Moines 250 Cedar 60 Iowa 110 lioek 250 "Wisconfin ISO Black 60 Chippewa TO Minnesota 120 SL Croix SO nines CO., Miss. : 10 m. W. THE STATE OF MISSOURI. MissouKi is situated generally between the latitudes of 36° 80' and 40° 30' north, and the longitudes of SS^ 55' and 05° 33' west from Greenwich, or 11° 53' and IS^ 36' from Washington. It is bounded on the north by Iowa, on the east by Illinois and Kentucky, on tlie south by Arkansas, and on the west by the Indian and Nebraska territories. More speci- fically its eastern boundary is the Mississippi River, beginning at latitude SG^ and running north to the month of the Des Moines Biver, whence the line follows the latter up to its rapids (40^ 30*) ; thence along that line westward to where it cuts the Missouri River ; thence down that river to the mouth of the Kansas, whence it runs due south to 36^ 30', and along that line eastward to the St. Francis ; thence P illows that river to 30^, and traverses that line to the place of begin- ning. Its general extent from north to south is 27S miles, but including tho narrow strip between the St. Francis and Mississippi rivers 312 miles; and greatest extent from east to west is 31S miles, and its least extent less than 200 miles; and the area of its superficies is estimated at 67,380 square miles. The river Missouri separates this Stale into two parts, distinguished from each other by (Hssimilar geographical and geological features. South of that river, as far west as the Osage, the surface of the country is rolling, and gradually rises into a hilly and mountainous district, forming the outskirts of the Ozark Mountains. Beyond the Osage, at some distance, commences a vast expanse of prairie land, which stretches away to the Rocky Mountains. The chief geological deposits of the region are soliil strata of c;irl)oniferous and silurian limestone and sandstone, reposing on or around the nnstratificd primary rocks. In the hilly and broken mineral region, which includes the greater part of the State south of the Missouri, the soil is formed of decomposed sandstone, sienite and magnesian limestone. Soils constituted of the two last elements are fertile, but in many of the districts of the mineral region their productiveness is impaired by the admixture of oxyde of iron. Other districts, as the Bellevue Valley, and the valleys of the Maramec, Gasconade, and Osage are well fitted for cultivation or for pasture. Around the head waters of the AVhite, Eleven Points. Current, and Big Black, where the land is most mountainous, the soil is formed of decomposed semivitreous sandstone, and is in general unproductive, though it supports a magnificent growth of yellow pine, valuable for its lumber. The intervening vallejs. however, are decidedly fertile, but of small extent. The lands situated more immediately south of the Missouri arc partly sandy and partly calcareous, and in general where alumina or clay sufficiently abounds the soil is excellent and well adapted to the production of the staples of the State. That part of the State lying north of the Missouri River is in no place mountainous, but either rolling or quite flat. It contains a much richer soil than the soutlieru division, and is in a more advanced slate of cultivation. Its geological substratum is chiefly carboniferous limestone. The coal measure of Illinois extends west of the Mississippi at St. Louis, and is probably commensurate willi the northern division of the State, being limited on the south by the narrow strip of land above spoken of, lying south of the Missouri. The soils of this region are chiefiy calcareous and arenaceous, the aluminous being limited in extent. Tiie calcareous, or those abounding in lime, which aro predominant, are fertile, particularly near the margins of rivers. Of this character are the lands in the western parts along the Missouri. Tho counties of Clay, Platte, and Buchanan can not readily be surpassed in productiveness, and the other western and interior counties are nearly equal in fertility. In the eastern part of this region arenaceous or sandy soil predominates. These lands, which are comparatively barren, are found on the southern flank of Ihe prairies which have their origin in north Missouri, and extend to the head waters of the Mississippi River. The soulh-f astern part of the State, the surface of which was once capable of cultivation, became after tho earthquakes of lSll-12 marshy. This district contains on estimate 1,517,237 acres, and extends south from the neighborhood of Cape Girardeau Into the northern part of Arkansas, a distance, in Missouri alone, of lOS miles, and wcstwardly as far as tho river St. Francis. The laud Is well located, as regards facilities of transport, and is said to be as fertile us any in tho 492 MISSOXJRI. valley ; and as llic grealt-r piirlinn can be reclaimed, it may be brought under cullivalion at some future time. This inundated Iracl is for the most part licavily limlicred. Missouri is buunlil^dly supplied Willi navigable water courses, affording an easy access to every portion of the Stale. Omilling Ihe Mississippi, wliieh waslies llie eastern boundary for 470 miles, the great river, and Ihe one from wliicli il derives Its name. Is the Mlssoiu-i. This river rises in the Eocky Mountains, not far from the head waters of the Coluiiibia, 8 095 miles from its mouth. The last 400 or ,^00 miles of its course above lie within the limits of this State. The Irough through wliich the river flows is fniiu 4 to 5 miles wi.le. and is hounded by rocky limestone hills, which rise to the height of from loo to 300 fi-ct. Nearly tdl the bottoms of the Jlissouri are on its north side, and ordinarily tbcy arc not subject to inundaliou. In Ihia respect thev dilTer widely from lliose of the Mississippi, which latter are of greater width and formed of a less sandy soil, and are less easily percolated by water. The Missouri flows down an inclined plane, llie u|)per strata of which are easily disintegrated, and tlie particles mingling with Ihe rapid current, give a turbid appeiirance to Us waters. The alluvial lands lying along lis course are subject to be covered, during inundations, with driltmg sand ; they are however, occupied by a luxuriant vegetation both of trees and herbs. These bottoms .are favorites willi settlers, and are capable of supporting a dense p.ipulation. The river is navigable to its falls, 2,0(10 miles, but is raj.id and can only be readily ascended by steam-power. Of the tributaries of the Missouri, the largest is the Osage Kiver, which disembogues 120 miles from its mouth. At this point it is 400 yards wide, and is navigable for boats of light draft for about 2ii0 miles at hi'h water. About the head waters of this stream are found the best cotton lands in the State. The Gasconade comes into The Missouri east of the Osage, near the village of Hermann, and is important for the supplies of fine plank and timber it furnishes to the country below. The Maramec, a beautiful river, runs Ibrougb the mineral region, and flows into the Mississippi IS miles below St. Louis. Further soulli are the rivers St. Francis and White, which pass into Arkansas after spreading numerous branches over the southern part of this Slate. Sc^ eral tributaries ol the Arkansas water the south-west section, but are not navigable. North of the Missouri are Salt and Copper rivers, which empty into the Mississippi : and the northern Irilrataries ..f the Missouri are the Grand and Chariton rivers, both navigable, and composed of nunier..us branches, which drain a lar"e country. Further west, ami falling also into the Missouri, are the Platte ami Nodaway. Many ol the rivers of Missouri are obstructed by rafts and fallen trees, and more especi-ally is this the case Willi Ihe Grand, Osage, Salt. Maramec and SI. Francis; the navigation of these, however, will be improved at no distant period, or as soon as Ihe wants and interests of the people demand such improvements. Other rivers than those mentioned are of minor importance. The mineral region of Missouri occupies an area of about 13,000,000 acres. As early as 171S it was described m a French chart as "an pays plein de mines." It e.\lcnds from the he.ad waters of llie St. Francis to the Maramec lliver, a distance of about 70 miles in length, and from the Mississippi in a soutli-westerly direction, about CO miles. The elevali..n of the district above the sea level varies from 600 to 1,200 feet. The climate is equable ami salubrious, and Ihe siiii.rin- cumbent soil moderately fertile. No one of the mining districts of Europe enjoys such facilities of supporting a largo population; and yet the llarz Mountains, with an area of 300,000 acres, sustains 60,000 inhabitants; the Erzgebirge, of Saxony, with about 1,500,000 acres, sustains 600,000 inhabitants; and Cornwall, wilh 76O.OO0 acres. 300,000 inhabitants. Populated as the Erzgebirge, in the ratio of one inhabitant to every three acres, the mineral region of Missouri would sustain 6,000,000 of souls, and probably the working members of such a population might find here employment for ages. Excepting gold and platina, most of the important and useful metals and ores are known to exist in Miss.iuri. The following minerals, metallic and non-melallic, arranged hero according to their intrinsic value, have been found williln ils limits— lead, iron, copper, cobalt, silver, nickel, zinc and calamine, manganese and wadd, coal, rock s.alt, barytes, sand and quartz, 'carbonate and sulphate of lime, ahimino and poller's clay, fuller's earth, variegated marble and oolite, salt- pelre, .antimony, tin, tungstale of iron and lead, diamonds, chalcedony an.l feldspar, and some others of perhaps a minor iiiiportance. ' The lead mines have been WTonght since the first settlement of the country. The ore is in Ihe f..rm of snlpbuicl and carbonate, and in the upper mines at Potosi it is found mixed with calamine and blende. The lead region extends over the counties of Madison, St. FranQois, St. Louis, TVashinglon, etc. Formerly the carbonate was considered .as worthless, hut it is now reduced in blast furnaces, and yields 72 per cent. The sulphur. I yields from C6 lo so per cent., and eoiilams about G per ccnL of silver. Iron in the form of hemalile, and the oclirey, the micaceous an.l red oxy.k..s, are l..u;i.l in the greatest abundance. The ores exist throughout the mineral region, an.l extcn.l even into the coal lorniali..n, which 0-cupies so large a surface. Abundant, easily manufactured, and the transportation easy, this is essentially tlie staple <,f Missouri. Her celebrated mountains of micaceous oxydcs— the Iron Mountain and Pil.it Knob-are almost inexhaiislible. They form the eastern extreme of the Ozarks, and are situated in St. Fran.,'ois Ciunty, a few miU-s east of I'ot.si. an.l .mly 40 miles from St. Genevieve, on the Mississippi. The two peaks are about C miles apart, Ihe more n.irlherly .,f the elevations, the Iron Mountain, is 1} miles long ami 444 feet high, lis whole top is a soli.l mass of iron, an.l on.- se.'s BOIhing but iron lumps as lar as the eve can reach. The ore yields CO per cent, of pig, and is .leemed a most .-u],. ri.,r metal.' Pilot Knob is 1,600 feet high. Dr. Feuclitwanger estimates the quantity of pig iron embe.l.led in these mountains alone at 600,000,000 of Ions, enough to supply the worl.l f.>r more than a cenhiry. The mines of Elba, of Sw.'.l.u, or ..f Norway, together, do not contain an amount equal to Ihis. The mines of copper are chiefly foim.I in the s..ulli and « es porti.ms of 'the mineral region, but exist in other parts. The ore is of every variety an.l usually very rich. It is Lumd in combination wilh lea.l and iron, fr.qu.ntly villi manganese, cobalt, and nickel, and occasionally with silv.-r. 11 is gener.allv pyritous, but oxvd.-s an.l carboiiales are frequently found. The ores appear .as a cement uniting aiigulrir Irag- mcnts of lime rock forming a breccia, and much of it is easily removed by a pickaxe alone. As a g.neral llinig he yield is about .34 per cent, of metal. Ilillierlo mining for copper has been little attended to, but it is now pn.i.a .le mat operations will be commenced on a large scale, and as the iniliealions of extensive loiles have been trace.l 'oi' '"'''"*' ""* product is destined to be one of the m.Mt valuable of the Stale ; in.leed, the copper mines of Miss..ur. are sai.l 0. uc in..re valuable than even those of Lake Sup.-rior. The several metals found in combinalion wilh tli.' abov,', nam.-l). siucr zinc, manganew, cobalt, nickel, etc., give an additional value hi Ihe mines, and as tin has been l..iiu.l nei.r ( ale.ioni.i. it may be said of Missouri, that no other State or country is richer in metallic weallli, or hxs bctl. r pr..sp.'cls ol ni i c p os- perity. The substantial wealth of England and Belgium is drawn from their mines, but n.'ilhcr ol Ihese c.>iimnes cm compare in any one respect with this State. it r . Minerals of the non-metallic kinds arc everv-where as ahun.lant as conl.l be d.'sired. The carbon.f.'r.nis l"ne,~tone formation, on which St. Louis is built, an.l wlii..b exten.ls throughout the norlhem .livision of xhr Slate, f.,rn.s a beaulih I and compact Imilding material. Sandstones are abundant, but .loarse and loose in texture. Ihe while sand^^one ol a. MISSOURI. Genevieve niakes superior glass. Porphyries, susceptible of a high polish, are numerous in Southern Missouri, and are well fitted for architectural and ornamental uses. Sienite is also found, and marbles of various textures exist in several counties. Gj^psum has been discovered in Jaciison County ; and in caverns near the Maramec, Current, and Gasconade, saltpetre exists in vast quantities. Sulphate of barj'ta, or heavy spar, is found in the lead diggings. Tlie northern coal measures of Missouri are continuous with those of Illinois ; it is in general called bittiminous coal. At C6le sans Dessein, however, it assumes the form of canucl. It has been discovered at several distinct points in Cole and Callaway counties, and as high as forty miles upon the Osage. Some of its layers are of great thickness, and on dis- tillation it yields excellent coke and a gas that bums with a bright and copious flame ; and being destitute of sulphur, it is well adapted to furnaces and manufacturing purposes. A great variety of clays, useful for economical purposes, are found in different parts. The subsoil of the region around St. Louis, abounding as it does in oxyde of iron and alumina, makes brick of a handsome red tint and smooth texture ; it is titled, too, for the manufacture of pottery. Variegated clays are found in the same vicinity. Kaolin, or porcelain clay, and pipe clays have been discovered near Caledonia and Cape Girardeau, and delft-ware is manufactured in SL Louis from clays obtained near Commerce, in Scott County. Except on the prairies, Missouri is well timbered. The river bottoms, in particular, are covered with a luxuriant growth of oak, elm, ash, hickory, cotton-wood, and black and white walnut. In the more barren districts are found white and pin oak, and sometimes forests of yellow pine. Many of the trees and shrubs met with differ from those found in the same latitude in Ohio. The crab-apple, pawpaw, and persimmon are abundant, as also the hazel and pecan. Three wild species of grape-vine are common throughout the country. The prairies are clothed in the proper season with numerous varieties of flowers, and with a coarse, tall grass, which, either green or cured, is excellent fodder for cattle. The general capacity of the country for agriculture is unsurpassed, and every kind of grain and esculent vegetable, with flax and hemp. And in one part or another a congenial sod and clunate. Tobacco is also a staple production ; and table fruits, as the apple, pear, peach, nectarine, etc., grow in profusion. As a grazing country, Missouri is one of the best ; the prairies are excellent natural pastures, and the business of rearing cattle is almost reduced to the simple operation of turn- ing them upon these prairies and letting them fatten until the owner t hink s proper to claim the tribute of their hides and other products. Hogs are also raised with great ease in the forests. Missouri is divided mto 100 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : Counties. Dwell. Adair SS3. Andrew 1,ST7. Atchison 291. Audrian 49S. Barry 544. Bates 626. Benton 7S9. Boone 1,924. Buchanan 2,0.30. Butler 265. Caldwell 80S. Calloway 1,612. Camden 800. Cape Girardeau 2,10s. Carroll 770. Cass 938. Cedar 561. Ch.ariton 1,096. Clarke 805. Clay 1,352. Clinton 560. Cole 9S4. Cooper 1,717. Crawford 994. Dade 059 . Dallas 597. Daviess 784. DeKalb 83S. Dodge 57. Dimklin 215.. FiMnklin 1,925. Gasconade 950. Gentry 70S. Greene 2,046. Grundy 477. Harrison 887. Henry 561. Hickory 364. Holt 614. Howard 1,0.35. Jackson 1,719. Jasper G04. JelTcrson 1,119. Johnson 1,030. 494 Pop. . 2,»12. . 9,433. , 1,648. . 8,506. 8,467. , .3,669. . 5,015. .14,979. ,12,975. . 1,616. , 2,316. 18,827. 2,838, 1.3,912. 6,4«. 6,090. 8,861. 7,514. , 6,627. ,10,332. , 8,786. , 6,696. 12,9.50. 6,S97. . 4,246. 8,G43. 5,298. , 2,075. 853. 1,229., 11,021. 4,996. 4,248. 12,785. 8,006. , 2,447. 4,0,52. 2,329. 3,957. ,18,969. ,14,000. 4.223. . 6,928. . 7,4C4. Farms ill cult. . 826. . 873. . 188.. . 41T., 889.. . 472., , 610.. .1,376. ,1,253.. . 143.. 232.. 1,169.. 214.. 1,019.. 383.. 729.. 847.. C59.. , 425.. , 944.. , 334.. , 638.. 1,064.. , 715.. , 667.. 801.. 842.. 229.. 49.. 76.. 1,090.. 5.33.. 444.. 1,283.. 255.. 141.. 385.. 190.. 305.. 1,105. . 986.. 408.. , 704.. . 750.. EstSb. CBpMh. 5..Kirksvillo 83.. Savannah 5.. Linden 10.. Mexico 2..M'Donald O.-Batesvillo 10.. Warsaw 21 . . Columbia 89.. Sparta C.Cane Creek 7. .Kingston S3.. Fulton 0. .Erie 81.. Jackson 15..CarroIlton 19. .HarrisonviUe 7.. Fremont 24. .Keytesville 12. .Waterloo 42.. Liberty CPlattsburg 28. . JeffeesonCity 79..BoonevilIe 9..8teelsville 13..Greenfleld 8.. Buffalo 8.. Gallatin L.MaysviUe 0.. Butler 2. .Chillitecaux 32.. Newport 16.. Hermann 0.. Athens 50.. Springfield 5.. Trenton 0.. Bethany 11.. Clinton 6 .. Hermitage 5.. Oregon 85.. Fayette 78.. Independence 8.. Carthage 12,.Hiilsboro' 2S..Warrensburg Counties. Dwell. Knox 427. LaClede 885. Lafayette 1,459. Lawrence 743. Lewis 905. Lincoln 1,239. Linn 625. Livingston 658. Macon 1,079. M'Donald 371 . Madison 873. Marion 1,595. Mercer 412. Miller 592. Mississippi 443. Moniteau 901. Monroe 1,296. Montgomery 754. Morgan 754. New Madrid 762 . Newton 658. Nodaway 325. Oregon 2.53 Osage 1,082. Ozark 861. Perry 1,111. Pettis 714. Pike 1,671 Platte 2,490, P.ilk 907 Pulaski 630. Putnam 265. P.alls 777. Randolph 1,157. Eiiy 1,457. P.eynolds 293. Eipley 445. St. Charles 1,6.38. St. Clair 531. St. Franijois 704. St. Genevieve . . 814 St.L-iiiisC!ountyl3,430 SaUne 950 Schuyler 539 Pop. . 2,894. . 2,498. .1.3,690. . 4,859. . 6,578. . 9,421. . 4,058. . 4,247. . 6,666. . 2,236. ,. 6,003. .12,230. . 2,691. . 3.834. . 8,123. . 6,004. .10,541. . 5,489. . 4.650. . 6,541. . 4,203. . 2,118. . 1,433. . 6,704. . 2,294. . 7,215. . 5,150. .13,609. .16,545. . 6,186. 8,998. 1,657. . 6.151. . 9,439. .10,373. . 1,849. ,. 2,830. .11,454. .. 8,556. . 4,964. . 6,318. 104,978. . 8,843. ,. 3,287. Farm,*! in cult. . 233. . 895. . 410. . 448. . 849. . 429., . 457. . 711. . 826. . 515. . 810. . 273. . 309. . 271. . 761. . 926. . 007. . 455.. . 407.. . 293.. . 241.. . 130.. . 711.. . 253.. . 743.. . 500.. . 989.. .1,651.. . 543.. . 471.. . 203.. . 541.. . 993.. . 833.. . 145.. . 253.. .1,035.. . 827.. . 4-37.. . 425.. .1,294.1, . 587.. . 446.. . T. .Edina . S.-Wiota . 67. -Lexington . 5. .Mount Vernon . 15..Monlicello . 10.. Troy . C.Linnens . 2..Chinicothe . 8..BIoomingtoii . 42..Rutledge . 19..Fredericktovrii . 76.. Palmyra . 3.. Princeton . 0. .Tuscumbia . 0.. Ohio City . 15. .California . 21.. Paris . 16.. Danville . 12.. Versailles . 30.. New Madrid 11.. Neosho 8.. Nodaway S-.Thomasville 9.. Linn 5..E(ickbridge 35..Perryvilie 16. .Georgetown 47. .Bowling Green 04.. Platte City 6.. Bolivar 8..Wayne3villo CPutnamville 18.. New London 47..IIunlsville 30. .Richmond C.Lesterville 7.. Doniphan 83.. St. Charles 5. .Oseola ll..rarmingtoii 16. .St. Genevieve ,409.. St. Louis City 8.. Marshall 6.. Lancaster MISSOURI. Farms Mutmf, Counties. Dwell. Pop. in cult, Estub. Cajiitals. Scollaiid 688.. 3,TS3.. 884.. 6.. .Memphis Scott 600.. 8,182.. 203.. 9...Bonton Sliaiinon 204.. 1,199.. 152.. 0.. .Eminence Shelby 632.. 4,253.. 397.. 14.. .Oakdale StoiWard 719.. 4,277.. 41S.. 2 . . . Bloomfleld Sullivan 457.. 2,983.. 317.. 5...MUan Counties. Taney ... Texas.... Warren . . W.a5hington 1,291 Wayne Farms Mauu Dwell. Pop. in cult. Estalj Cnpitab. CSO. 4,373. 609. 0.. .Forsyth 894. 2,.312. . 232. 15.. .Houston S09. 5,860. . 744. 11.. .■Warrenlon 1,291. 8,811. . 713. . 41. .Polosi 099. 4,518. . 478. 2. .Greenville 841. 3,387. . 371. . 0. .Uartsvillo The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 90,849; of families, 100,890; and of inhabitants, 682,114.3*; viz., whites 692,077— males 312,936, and females 279,091 ; fr. col. 2,541— males 1,338, and females 1,206, and si. 87,122. Of the whole population there were, deaf and cluml — wh. 244, fr. col. 0, si. 15— total 269 ; lUnd — wh. 180, fr. col. 3, al. 28— total 211 ; inmne—vh. 271, fr. col. 2, si. 9— toUal 2S2 ; and kUot!);—wh. 304, fr. col. 0, si. 29— total 333. The number of free persons born in the United States was 620,826, the number of foreign bh-lh 72,474, and of birth unlcnown 1,822. The natlre population originated as follows: Mo. 311, N. Hamp. 304, Yerm. 630, Mass. 1,103, P.. I. 124, Conn. 742, N. Y. 6,010, N.J. 886, 1'enn. 8,291, Del. 618, Md. 4,253, Dist. of Col. 238, Virg. 8,337, N. Car. 21,487, S. Car. 27,908, Ga. 17,500, rior. 629, Ala. .34,047, Mi-ss. 60S, La. 746, Tex. 248, Ark. 2,120, Tenn. 44,970, Ky. 69,694, Oh. 12,737, Mich. 295, Ind. 12,753, III. 10,917, J/Awowr;* 277,604, la. 1,306, Wise. 123, Territories SO; and the foreign poptUation was composed of persons tVom— England 5,379, Ireland 14,734, Scotland 1,049, Wales 176, Germany 44,352, France 2,138, Spain 46, Portugal 11, Belgium 68, Holland 189, Turkey 7, Italy 124, Austria 71, Switzerland 984, Itussia 29, Denmark 55, Norway 155, Sweden 87, Prussia 097, Sardinia 1, Asia 3, Africa 7, British America 1,053, Mexico 94, Central America 0, South America 20, West Indies 60, Sandwich Islands l,and other countries 9.'i4. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : Cnloreil Persons Decennial Increase, Years. I'ersnns. Free. Slave. Total. Population. Numerical. Per cent. 1810 .... . . . 17,227 .... . . . . 607 . .... 8,011.... . .3,918... .... 20,845 .... — — 1820 .... . . . 66,081 .... . . . . 283 . ....10,222.... .10,505 ... .... 00,586 .... .... 45,741 219.6 1830 .... . . . 114,803 .... .... 601 . ....25,091.... .25,C.')3 ... ....140,455.... .... 73,809 110.9 1840 .... ....323,838 .... ....1,674 ....68,240.... .69,814 ... ....88.3,702 .... ....243.247 173.2 1860 .... ...592,078 .... .... 2,644. ....87,422.... .89,966... ....682,1144 .... . . . . 298,,342 77.3 The statistics of the wealth, industry, and institutions of the State, as exhibited by the census of 1850, and other official documenbj referring to the same period of time, are as follows : Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved farm lands, 2,924,991 acres, and attached lands uniinprovetl, 6,767,937 acres — valued logelher in cash at $03,057,482. Whole ntmibcr of fanns xmder cultivation, 54,458. Value of farming implements and machinery, $3,966,94.5. /.(i'f-iVoi*.- Horses, 223,693; asses and mules, 41,508; milch cows, 22S,rj.6S; working oxen, 111,208; other cattle, 445,015 ; sheep, 750,809 ; and swine, 1,692,043— valueii in the aggregate at $19,700,851. In 1840, according to the census of that year, there were in the State: 196,032 horses, mules, etc. ; 483,875 neat cattle of all kmds; 848,018 sheep; and 1,271,161 swine. Piod\KUi 0/ Anitnals.—Wnn], 1,615,860 pounds; butter, 7,792.499 pounds; cheese, 202,122 pounds; and the cash value of animals slaughtered during the year amounted to $3,349,517. The production of silk cocoons was 186 poimds; and the quantity of beeswax and honey obtained was 1,327,812 p(jund3. Grain (7raps.— Wheat, 2,966,923 bushels ; rye, 44,112 bushels; Indian com, 86,009,543 bushels; oats, 6,24-3,476 bushels ; barley, 9,681 bushels ; and buckwheat, 23,590 bushels. The crops of these cereals, according to the census of 1840, were : wheat, 1,0.37,336 bushels; rye, 08,003 blishels; Indian corn, 17,332,624 bushels; oats, 2,234,947 bushels; barley, 9,801 bushels; and buckwheat. 15.318 bushels. Other Food Crapa. — Rice, 7O0 pounds; peas and beans, 45,974 bushels; and potatoes — Irish, 934,027 bush-^ls, and Bweet, 832,120 bushels. The jiotato crop reported in the census of 18H) was 733,768 bushels. Mincellanemii Crops.— lohacco, 17,100,834 pounds; hay, 116,743 tons: clover-seed, 615 bushels; other grass-seed, 4,837 bushels; hops, 3,130 pounds; hemp — dew-rolled 17,207 Ions, and water-rotted 5,351 tons; flax, 520,008 pounds; flax-seed, 13,641 bushels; maple sugar, 178,750 pounds; molasses, 5,636 gallons; wine, 10,503 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $512,327, and of market-garden products $99,4.54. In the census of 1S40 the production of cotton is noted at 121,122 pounds— this crop is not noticed in tlie census of 1850. The following table will exhibit the increase of live-stock, and of the principal crops in the decade ending 1st -June, 1860 : Staples. ISAO. 1350. Wheat 1,0.37,386 bushels .... 2,906,923 bushels Indian corn 17,3.32,524 " . . . . 36,009,.34:3 " Oats 2,234,947 " .... 6,243,476 " 13,010} tons Tobacco 9,067,913 pounds Hemp, dew-rotted '• water-rotted Flax. Neat Cattle 433,875 heads Swine 1,271,161 " Sheep 848,018 " Wool 562,265 pounds Increase. 1.929,542 bushels, or 186.0 per cent. . 18,737.019 " or 103.1 " 3.008.529 " or 134.6 " 8,032,971 pounds, or 88.6 " 10,705,743 26.6 . 17,100,384 pounds . 17,207 tons 5,351 " 520,008 pounds 73.3,436 neads 1,092,043 " 7.30,309 " 1,616,860 pounds —furnishing results indicative of the more rapid development of the agricultural interests of the State, than the ratio of increase in the population would warrant; an.i these results are the more astonishing, when the increase of mining and manufacturing interests, which have been relatively extensive, are taken into consideration. ' A cemus of Missouri, taken under State authority, for 1862, gave the population at 721,667—63-1,91)1 whites, S,526 fr. col., and 87.-;o7 slaves- 495 851,501 heads, or 81-0 420,833 " or 83.1 408,291 " or 117.3 1,053,595 pounds, or 187.4 MISSOURI. Ilome-ynade manufactures for the year ending 1st June, 1S50, were valued at $1,663,016. The same class of goods made in 1SJJ3-10, were valued at $1,U0,544. Mami/uctures.—AggTQgalc capital invested, $0,000,000; value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, $0,000,000; average number of hands employed 00,000— males 00,000, and females 0,000 ; average monlhly cost of labor $000,000— male $UUO,000, and female $00,000; total value of products for the year ending 1st June, iSoO, $o,(iuO,OiH). The whole number of manufacturing establishments in the Stale producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, at ihe abvivc date, was 8,030, and of these two were cotton factories, one a woolen factory, 13 iron manufactories — G of castings, 6 of pig iron, and 1 of wrought iron, and 14S were tanneries. Nearly one-half the total number of establishmonta are in and about Ht. Louis, where almost every trade and handicraft has gained a footing, while in the interior counties the maim factories consist of the kinds usually found in agricultural and mining countries. The total capital invested in manu- factories in 1S40 was $2,704,405. The cotton manufactures employ a capital of $102,000, and consume annually 2,160 bales of cotton, and 1,653 tons of coal, valued at $S0.44G ; employ 155 hands — males T5, and females SO ; monthly cost of labor, $1,620 ; products, 13,260 bales of baiting, and value of entire products, $142,900. In the icoolen manufacture $20,000 are invested ; 80,000 pounds of wool is used annually ; total value of raw material, fuel, etc., $16,(100 ; hands employed 25 — 15 males and 10 females, at a monthly cost amounting to $545 ; products of the year, 12,000 yards of cl-ilb, and 6,000 jniirs of blankets, valued in the whole at $56,000. The iroit mauulactures are slated, m Ihe census of 1S50, as follows: ., , Capital In- Value of Raw Average Hands Montlily Cost Prndurt. Value of Annual wanuiitciures. veslcl. M;iteri.tl, elc. KniiJi-yed. ofLiibor. Tons. Producla. Pig iron $619,000 $9T,86" 334 $8,113 19,250 $314,600 Cast iron 1^T,(XHJ 13:},1U 297 5,S30 5,200 336,495 "Wrought iron 42,100 24,509 101 3,030 963 6S,T00 In 1S40 there were SO men employed in the manufacture of iron, and the capital invested in all iron manufactories amounted only to $79,000, and hence Ihe increase has been nearly 1,000 per cent, in the 10 subsequent years. The lead mines have been comparatively deserted for the past few years, on account of the miners having gone to Cali- fornia, and other circumstances. The receipts of lead at St. Louis alone, in 1S50, was 56S.300 pigs of 70 pounds, being a decrease of 210,169 pigs from the receipts of 1S47. Of the receipts at other ports on the Missouri there are no accessible reports. In tanneries the capital invested amounts to $22S,095; value of hides and skins used, $247,950; hands employed, 417; monthly cost of labor, $8,347; sides of leather produced, 241,334, and skins t:mned, 44*493; value of products, $466,214. Foreign Commerce. — Missouri, from its inland jwsition, can never enjoy any large share of direct commerce with foreign nations. The U. S. Treasury reports, except for the year 1S44, have not mentioned exports being made du-cctly, and for that year they were valued at $293,901 ; but for many years imports, increasing in value year by year, are entered at the ports. Li 1S50 the im])orts were valued at $359,643. The value of imports in a series of years, commencing witli 1833, were as follows : in 1833, $5,SS1 ; in 1836, $3,227 ; in 1S3S, $15,921 ; in 1S40, $10,600 ; in 1S41, $33,375 ; in 1*42, $31.137 ; in IS-U, $120,673; in 1845. $544,291; in 1S46, $73,569; in 1&47, $167,195; in 1848, $14^8,560; in 1849, $130,3S2 ; in 1850, $359,643. The shipping owned in the district, of which St. Louis is the port of entry, amounted in 1S50 to 28,907 tons, all employed in the river trade, and of which 24,955 tons were navigated by sleara. During the year ending 30th June, 1850, five steamers, with an aggregate tonnage of 1,353 tons, were built in the district. River and Internal Trade. — Missouri, if shut out from foreign commerce, has a river and internal trade, which fully compensates its disadvantages. The Mississippi Kiver forms its great external highway, and the Missouri Kiver, with its wide-spreading affluents, gives it access to the interior. On these rivers an immense trade is constantly being carried on. St. Louis being the great receiving and distributing dep6t of the State. It would be almost impossible to estimate the extent or value of this commerce. In 1S51 of steamboats alone 2,&41 arrived at St. Louis, and of these 300 were from New Orleans, 401 from ports on the Ohio Liver, 634 from the Illinois Liver, 639 from the Upper Mississijipi, 801 from the Missouri River, 43 from the Cumberland Liver, 119 from Cairo, and 175 from other ports. These bring and take away the material of a vast trade, and give to St. Louis all the advantages that port could have if near the sea-bonrd. But beside these, barges and keel boats navigate all the waters, and perhaps transport an equal amount of merchandise with the steamboats. The whole tonnage entered in the year above named was 68=3,140 tons. Internal Improvements. — Common roads and bridges excepted, Missouri is almost blameless of works of internal im- provement. Every other interest of the State is far ahead of this, the most needful to its permanent prosperity. At the commencement of 1850 there were only five macadamized roads in the whole country, and these, all centering at St. Louis, only passed a few miles into the interior. The spirit of modern improvement, however, has not slept, nor have ihe people been unmindful of the benefit that the railroad will realize to the country. A splendid system of railroads has been provided for, which will carry two lines directly across the State — one from Hannibal, on the Mississippi, to St. Jo- Bcphs, on the Missouri, and the other from St. Louis to the mouth of Kansjis River— both intended to be carried ultimately to the Pacific Ocean, and from the latter a south-western branch will be built to the borders of Arkansas. From St. Louis will also be built a railroad northward and through Iowa to the settlements of Minnesota. Besides these a railroad will be built from St. Louis to the Iron Mountain ; and other roads contemplated are the Platte County Railroad, the Lexing- ton and Daviess County Railroad, and Ihe Canton and Bloomfleld Railroad. The whole length of these railmads pro- jected is about 1,200 miles, but less than 40 miles was in use on the 1st January, 1853. The following sums have been appropriated by the General Assembly to aid in their construction : for the Hannibal and St. Josephs Railroad, $1.500,000 ; the Pacific Railroad and its south-western branch, $4,000,000 ; the North Missouri Railroad, $2,000.000 ; the Iron Mountain Railroad, $750,000 ; the Platte County Railroad, $500.000 ; the Lexington and Daviess County Railroad, $300,000, and the Canton and Bloomfleld Railroad, $300,000. The right of way through Ihe iiublie lands is also granted by the General Government. With these means and facilities the works ought to progress rapidly to completion. JBanKs. — The Bank of the State of Missouri, at St. Louis, and its branches at Lafayelte, Jackson, Lexington, Palmyra, and Springfield, were the only banking institutions in operation on the 1st January, 1S51, and their aggregate condition at that date was ns follows: IJa7jilities—cnji\li\h $1,209,181 (of which $9r>4,205 were owned by the State, and $2.54.926 by individuals) ; circulation. $2,.522,500 ; deposits, $1,098,981, and due other banks, $76,280 ; and— irwc/s; loans and iliscounts, $3,53:3,46:! ; real estate, $123,928 ; other investments, $273,817 ; due by other banks, $63,028 ; notes of other banks, $37,515 ; 496 MISSOURI. and sjitcie, $1,193,203, There is a constitulional prohibition against establishing more than one bank, with not more than five branches, and the capilal is limited to $5,000,000, of which at least one Iialf must be held by the State. Goff>rMiieni.~TUe government is based on the constitution "done in convention" on the 12th June, 1S20. The right of suffrage is enjoyed by every free white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, resident in the State one year before the election, and three rattnths in the place where he offers his vote. The general election is held on the llrst Monday in August biennially. Lfyij^UiUve pmcer is vested in a General Assembly, composed of a House of Kepresentativea and a Senate. Eepresent- ntive.s, in number not above 100, and chosen in counties every second year, shall be free white male citizens of the United Statfs. 24 years of age, inhabitiula of the State for two years, and of the county for one year next before the election, and shall have paid a tax. Senators, in number not more than 33, nor less than 14, shall have attained the age of 30, and be citizens of the United Slates, residents of the Stale four years, and shall be chosen for four years, one half of the senators retiring every second year. The General Assembly convener at Jefferson City on the last Monday in December, biennially. Ko laws shall be passed to emancipate slaves without the consent and payment of their owners, or to prevent immigrants from bringing with them slaves of the same description witli those in the State ; but laws may be passed proliibiting the importation of the slaves who have committed a high crime, or as merchandise, slaves, or the offspring of slaves, im- ported into the United States, and permitting emancipation, saving the rights of creditors. Owners are obliged to treat their slaves with humanity, and slaves, in criminal cases, shall have a trial by jury, and have the same protection in their iive-s and persons as white persons. Free negroes and mulaltoes are prohibited from coming into the State, The laws of the General Assembly shall be revised and digested every ten years. The Governor must be .35 years of age, a native citizen of the United States, or a citizen thereof at the adoption of the conslitution, or an inhabitant of the territory now calleil Missouri at the time of its cession, must have resided in the State four years next before election, and is chosen for a term of four years, but can not serve two successive terms. The lieu- U'nant-governor, who Is ea'-officio president of the Senate, must have the same qualifications, etc., as the governor, and is elected at the same lime and for thi- same term. The governor may veto a bill of the General Assembly, but a subsequent majority of both houses makes it law notwifhstanatients ; and the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at the same place, and yet completed but partially, which had seventeen inmates. At St. Louis there are several benevolent institutions, hospitals, etc., which in part are supported by the State. Siah' Flnnncen, Deht^ ^^-.—The receipts into the Treasury for the two years ending HOth September, 1^0, amounted to $7S7.0SS 71, to which must be added b.ilan-'c from the biennial period Ifi47-4S of $405,404 90— making a total means of $1,192,493 61. Expenditures in 1S49-50, $.'):J-2,5S5 S2, leaving a balance of $r,.'i9.no: 79, of which sum ^569.030 19 be- longs to the revenue fund. The Stale debt, exclusive of the surplus revenue deposited with the State, was $92'2,26I. which was tlie exact amount of State bonds sold and outstanding. Of these bonds, $34,000 have been redeemed and cancelled during the year. The sinking fund, at the date of report, amounted to $9,394 7?, and had claims to $3,497 54, dividends not re-invested ; and the State owns bank stock in the Bank of Missouri, amounting to $954,205 23, as follows: Of the scminsiry fund, $100,000 ; of the State school fund, $575,667 96; of the sinking fund, $6,273 66 ; and in its own right, $272,263" 60; but the hank claims a due from the State for money advanced and interest, $124,026 47. The value of all property, real and personal, assessed for taxation in ls.50, amounted, according to the State reports, to $93,695,463 but as truly estimated by the census of the same year, to $137,247,707. Federal Jiepre^en.tation.—\xx accordance with the act apportioning representatiou, passed on the 23d May, 1S50, Mis- souri sends seven representatives to the Congress of the United States. 49T P3 MISSOURI. Education. — The public education Id under the charge of the Secrotarj' of State, who is ex-o^cM superintendent of common schools. The principal of the coramou school fund amounts to $575,667 96, and has been loaned on bond lo the State Bank, which paya interest on the amount semi-annually. The proceeds of this are distributed among the counties according to the number of chiUlren reported, and this proportion is distributed among teachers therein. There is also a seminary fund, amounting to $100,000. Private schools and acadcmiea are established througliout the State ; and besides these there are six collegiate establishments: the Mi:*souri University, the University of St Louiw, St. Vincent's College, the Masonic College, SU Chai'les College, and Fjiyelto College. The statislics of these sereral establishiucnta ia 1S50, were as follows : Names. Locatitin. Founded, Professors. SluJt'nts. Alumni. Libr!iri''9. University of Missouri Columbia 1^0 . , University of St. Louis (R. Calh.) .... St. Louis lS-i2 . St. Vincent's College (R. Cath.) Cape Girardeau 1S43 . , Masonic College New Palmyra ISyi . , 52 .... ....26.... .... 1,800 160.... ....25 .... .... 12,000 _ .... S5 .... .... 5,500 45.... ....1.3 .... .... 2.:550 20 .... .... IT .... . . . . 900 75 .... — — . 12 ... .17 ... . 10 . . . . 5 ... St. Charles CoUege (Meth.) St. Charl.-s 1^?T 4 ... Fayette CoUege .^ Fayette — 2... There are medical departments attached to both universities ; and besides the above, there are several tbetflngical sem- inaries in the State. LibJ'cries. — One State library, 4,6-37 volumes ; two social, 5,799 volumes; five college, 1S,4C5 volumes; fiv students', 1,605 volumes ; one academic or professional, 500 volumes ; one scientific and historical, 300 volumes ; four public school, 6,200 volumes— total, 19 libraries, 37,506 volumes. Periodical Press. — The whole number of periodicals published in Missouri in 1S50 was 74, circulating at each issue 80,000 copies, or annually 4,675,650 copies. Of this number 16 were whig in politics, 17 democratic, and 41 neutral, or papers devoted to religious, literary, scientific subjects, etc., including all the characters of which is not named in tlio returns ; and of the whole number 7 were published daily, issuing 10,800 copies, or 1,220,400 annually ; 3 tri-weekly. 1,200 copies, or annually 187,200 copies ; 3 semi-weekly, 2,200 copies, or annually 22S,S00 copies ; 51 weekly, 56,140 copies, or annually 2,919,280 copies; and 7 monllily, 10,000 copies, or annually 120,000 copies. The dailtea arc all published at St. Louis— the " Times,'' the " Intelligencer," the " Organ and Reveille," the " Republican," the " Union," and two German papers ; the tri-xceelclies at St. Louis, and are editions of the dailies, the "Times," the '' Republican," and the " Union" ; the semi-iceeklies at St Louis, Independence, and Boonvillo ; the iceeklies—l^ at St. Louis, 5 of which are editions of the dailies, 1 at Warsaw, 1 at Columbia, 2 at Sparta, 1 at Fulton, 1 at Jaclcson, 2 at Cape Girardeau, 1 at Brunswick, 1 at Liberty, 2 at Jefferson City, 2 at Boonville, 1 at Union, 1 at Hermann, 2 at Springfield, 2 at Fayette, 2 at Glasgow, 1 at Independence, 2 at Lexington, 1 at Bloomington, 1 at PalmjTa, 2 at Hannibal, 1 at New Madrid, 2 at Louisiana, 2 at "Weston, 2 at St Genevieve, 1 at St, Charles, 1 at Oseola, 1 at Paris, 1 at Monticello, and 1 at Chillicothe ; and the monthites^ 1 at Hermann, the '■ Licht Freund," a German rationalist advocate, and 6 at St. Louis, the " Valley Farmer," the " St. Louis Probe," the " Insurance Reporter," the " Western Journal," the *' Bank Note Detector," and the "Signet." Edigioxi^ Denom inationfi. — The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State for the year 1S50, according to the census, were as follows : Denomina- No, of Cburch ralue of Denoraioa- No. of Clinrch Value of Denomina- «o. of Church Value ol lions. Ciiiirdiea. acn'm. Pn.jierly. tion-«. CUurthes. ac,:om. Troperlj. lions. CI urcliea. Properly. Baptist 273 . 71,S5T . $151.4S0 Germ'nRef. — . _ . $ - E. Catholic 64.. 26,102 .. $494,675 Christian... 61 . 19,370 . 4-3,210 Jewish 1 .. 400 . 7,000 Swedenb'g . — .. — .. — Congregat'l. — . — . — Lutheran . . 21 . 7,200 . S4,5C0 Tunlcer — .. — .. — Dutcli Eef.. — . — . — Mennonite. 1 . 200 . 420 Union 11 .. 2,350.. 6,300 Episcopal.. 10 .. 4,200 . 135,600 Methodist.. 200 .. 57,360 . 280,245 Unitarian . . 2 2,100 .. 70,000 Free 13 .. 2,850 . 4,400 Moravian.. — ., _ . — Universalist 1 .. 250 .. 500 Friends — . — . — Presbj-ter'n. lOS . 41,750 . 235,970 Minor Sects. 17.. 6,600 . . 41,4-30 — making a total of 773 churches, having accommodation for 241,139 persons, and valued at $1,558,590. Missouri consti- tutes a diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and also the Roman Catholic diocese of St. Louis, in the ecclesiastical province of the same name. Historical ^i-^^cA.— Hernando de Soto may be said to have been the first European that beheld the river Mississippi, called by him (April. 1541) on its discovery the Rio Grande. Crossing this stream, probably some 30 miles below Helena, in the Slate of Arkansas, he traversed at the head of his adventurous band a goodly portion of the territory beyond. He is thought by some, but without sufficient reason, to have come during his march into the present limits of Missouri. The Mississippi was first explored in 1673 by Joliet and Marquette, and more fully in 16S2 by La Salle, and by the latter all the region between the so-called Illinois country and the Gulf of Mt^xieo was called L""''^'<''l '" . '^P™^ ^^^^ „.,tl, the English colonists, entered [u^nts. M this time the American Kevolunon was '^'^T^;^^^^^^ o Spain were sm4ssful. Meanwhile, St. into hostililies against England In Lower L™-ana and I-h^ a th arms^^^^ ^__^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^,^ Louis was attacked (1780) by a body of ^^'f ''f f' \\°''7;' '■■^^;^e"'p„30,« „„e killed in the town and vicinity, and it of Lake Michigan. During the stcge, wh.ch '^^'^^''J^t^rhad n" h„ timely arrival of General Clarke from Kas- is impossible to tell to what extent the ^^'^ "'f".^" ^J^'^^^f Jp/ae^ of 1783 put an end to hostilities. Spain re- kaskia turned the tide of fortune n> favor "f '"e sctth^ s The « ho cof Florida, of which she had been deprived 20 years t:^^ "'Z:"^!:^^ t:^^::^ ::r ^r io. country, .o the .mted states, r.a,n.g only her 't:^™Sr^anishLouisiana,..non.n^^t^^st.^^ The hardy settlers of the western part of he ^ "'^': ,^'f;^"" ™^''between Spain and the Union. The foreign power be- Mississippi. As might have been f P^f^^Xf A^prrela^^^ the navigation of the Mississippi was settled by came jealous of the increasmg greatness of the alter ^ d^^P"^ navigation of that river. But Spain never acted treaty (20th Oct., 1795), by which Spam granted to "'^^mte^ Suites free ^^,^^„, ,^^,_ i„,,,,a, seemed inevit- faithfully in this matter, and '"rew obstacles m he way of Amen an n ^^.^^ ^^^^ .^^ ^.^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ able, and was only prevented by the cess.on ^ Lon. ana to Franc ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ,^^^ ^_^^^.^^^^ power to the United States on the -^'''h /Pnl, 1^1 3- A' '",! '^'"'; ^^^,,3 „, ;„ agriculture in 1303 had been eh.efly cotton kants, of whom G,02S were living tn Uppe L»u s.ana The produas „ ^ ^^^^_^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ and sugar-of the former 20,000 bales, and of the ^ ™» •'"g^'^f^^,, t„,itory, and consisting chiefly of flour, pork, extensive; its exports coming f™- "« P™-'!^;; »»*„'!. ~ ,0 «,000 tons. Thecommerce of Upper salt beef, tobacco, cotton, sugar, molasses, peltr.es ""^^ '"'"J;''^ ^ ,^ „„ between St. Louis and New Orleans, and with Louisi.ana was flourishing, and a pro.sperous trade ^^^^^^^^^J Th" anm"al c op was about 88,000 minots (264,000 bushel.,) the setUements on the Ohio, Cumberland, .and Tc^esseenve^^^^^^^^^ of Wheat, 84,000 minots of Indian -"'' ^^ ;^;';^P™°,tttTn about $70,000. Louisiana henceforth formed part of the title of "Territory of Louisiana." The -f "'^^-^^fX^IsVon of he present State of Louisiana into the Union, the Giranleau, New Madrid, and Arkatisas. In 1» "■ °" "^^^r ,C^^^^ from latitude 38° to 41o north, and name of U.is territory was changed to ■' ^'J^ZlZ^L und 'r the new governnu-nt was William Clarke. The leg.s- ,he government became representat.ve. The B'f S°;7™Jj'^;, ",„/, „o,«„ „f iteprcsentatives, one member for lalnre consisted of a council of 9 .nembers nppo nted by \' ^ ^^^^'^^f ^^^J^, „„ „„ ,,,,t were gradually extended by every 500 free white n«les, elected by ' - P- - ^^ '^^.'^.^^'^J i„ frl the time of the purchase, sothat in ISIO .reaties with the Indians. People rom the ^-^''^ ™. ^'f/J;;^°„„ ^,.„ to Arkatvsas were settled within the present hm.ts the population numbered 20.&45, of whom all l'"' ^''^^ ^■^"" J '"";;,^ L Americans from Kentucky, Tennessee, Oh,o, of thekte of Missouri. The French ^^''■^J^^^Z^'ZZ:Zo'pr.^:^^<^nt The original setUers were quickly etc., .-md American habits, usages, laws, and '"='''"' ""^/"''""'^^^^^^ „t length the whole became a homogeneous me ged and alnv,st lost among the later and more f ^'^ ,^° P^^S 00 000 souls" St. Lot.is counted at this time 6,000 people. Immigration was so rapid, that m ISl , the ''■"''"^Z^^OTUmT^hTvmT >f,ssissippi. In 1S17, application Labitants against 1,000 in 1804. It had •*;- ;;^^-°-°Jtr'a " 1 tltm'ion preliminaJy to admission into «.e was made by the Assembly to Congress for ''"'''°" ^ '° J'f^""' ''g^' ,,,3 a powerful party demanded that thenew Union. A fierce and stormy debate arose at once on ^^^ctsTot^a^ d for two years, threatening to tear the Union States should exclude slavery by the.r '^^'^^'''''l'''''- ^.I'ZZ of the compromUe resolutions of Mr. Clay, by wh.ch asunder ; at lengft, however, tlm debate w.as stopped ^ "'^P^]'^='=^ *^^^ ,J^t in no other new State north of latitude it was agreed that the institution of slavery sliou d be '<^'=°g°^°^ '" ^'''°'^„; f,^„,.,i by a convention of forty delegates, 860 80'. The Slate constitution, somewhat mod.fled smee tts ^d^P -n, w s fram. y ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^_ ^^. ^ whi* met at SI. Louis on the 12th .June. 1S20, and adopted or^ the Wth^n^y U ^^^^^^^ ^^_^^^ ^^.^ ^.^^ ^^^^ ^^^ census taken the s.ame ye.ar, to contain a popnlat,ono6M8^^^ present there has flowed a constant tule of '"'"'f ^'';'"J"" 'f J^^^^^^^^ „ini ,„ and manufacmres, though not made kgriculture and eon.meree have more than kept ?•''■'' ^'''^^''i';''"^;X;ther States, indeed, can boast of so rapid a devel- Mtssot^nt, p. v.. Pike co., M... : 44 m. S. K M^-gom.^ | ^ ^^^^^ ^"i^t ;^c^ ^o^^J^^^^ Mtssouat river : a large river of the Un.ted btates, r.se m f ""''• „^^^f^ .,„ „f ,he river to the height of 1,200 feet the Eoeky mountains, an,l Uakes this name =>"-'- >">'°° Ij^'J ^^^^ ircon'pfessed to the width of 150 yards, and for of three branches, denominated .Jefferson, Gallatm, and The "t 3 „ tTere is only one spot, and that only o a few Madison, in 450 10' N. laL, and 110° W. long. The spr.ngs '^^^ JlT^Zn could stand, between the wa er and which give rise to the Missouri are not more than a mUe J^>1'; "^ ^^ ^ ; ^^'^^^^t of the mo,n,tain. At the d.siattce distant from some of the head waters of ,heCoh,ml,..a, wind! the perpentota^^^^^ ^^^ _^ ^^„^ „, „« the flows W. into the Pacific oce.an. At the distance o 411 m_ . »"!» p'^j.^t;^;^. 'above its entrance into the M'-«-PP'- ftom the extreme point of the navigation of .ts ^^^^ ^'™ '^; eU, b^ branches, are what are deitominated the "Gates of the | The nv cr deseen , ^gg MIS feet in about m «• The lower and greatest fall has a per- pendicular pilch of 8T feet; the second of 19 feet; the Ih.rd of 47 feet • the fourth of 26 feet. Between and below these falls are continual rapids of from 3 to IS feel descent. These fulls, next to those of Niagara, are the grandest on the con- irnent. The course of the river above these falls is northerly. The Yellowstone river, 800 yards wide at its moulh, proba- bly the largest tributary of the Missouri, enlera it on the S W side, 1,216 m. from its navigable source, and .iboul I'sso'm. from its moulh. This river, at the place of junction, is as large as the Missouri. Steamboats ascend to lh« place, and could go farther by each branch. Chienne river, 400 yards wide at its moulh, enters the Missouri on the S. W . .ide 1,310 m. from its moulh, in 44° 20' N. lat. White river, 800 yards wide, enters it on the S. W. side, 1,130 m. from its mouth. Big Sioux river, 110 yards wide, enters il Sf.3 m. from ils moulh, in 420 45' N. lat, on the N. E. side. PlaUe river 600 yards wide at its moulh, enters it on the S. W. side, 600 m. from its moulh, in 40° 50' N. lat. Kanzas river, 238 yards wide at its mouth, enters it on the S. W. side, in 890 V N lat, at the distance of M) m. from its moulh. Grand river enters it on the N. E. side, 240 miles from its moulh, and is 190 yards wide. La Mine river, TO yards wide, enters it 200 miles from ils moulh. Osage river, .M7 yards wide at ils moulh, enters it on the S. W. side, in 38 81' N lat , 133 m. from its mouth. Gasconade river enters it on the S. W. side, in 3S0 45' N. lat, 100 m. from its moulh. The Missouri enters Mississippi river 3,096 m. from its source, which added to 1,253 m., Ihe distance lo the Gulf of Mexico, makes ils whole length 4,349 m., and it is probably the long- est river in the world. Through its whole course there is no substanUal obstrucUon of the navigation before arrivmg at the Great Falls. Distances navigable by steam on Missouri river and its principal branches Miles. Missouri 1,600 Gasconade 66 Osage 275 Chariton 60 miles. Grand 9» Kanzas 160 riallo *0 Yellowstone 300 The alluvial fertile soil on this stream and its tributaries is not very broad, and back of this are prairies of Misl extent Through the greater part of its course the Missouri in a rapid and turbid stream, and in the upper part of its course flows through an arid and sterile country. It is over half a mile wide at ils mouth, and through a greater part of its course il is wider. Notwithstanding it drains such an ex- tensive country, and receives so many large Iributaries, at certain seasons it is shallow, hardly affording sufflcient water tor steamboat navigation, owing lo ils passing through a dry and open country, and being subject to extensive evaporation. MiBsoUBiTON, p. y., St. Charles CO.. Mo. ; on the N. « . bank of Missouri r., T" m. E. .leffc-rson City. MiTOHTiLt county, la. Situate E. on N. line, and con- tains *32 sq. m. Drained by heads of Cedar river, a branch of the Iowa. Unorganized. MiTcitELL, p. 0.. Sheboygan Co., TFiso. ; TT m. N.E.Madison. MiTciiELi^, p. o., Walker county, Tex. : 133 m. E. N. E. Austin City. ,„„ _ MiTOUEtL's Mn.1^, p. 0., Indiana Co., Pmn.: 12S m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. . MiTCHEtt's Peak, Alleghany co., iK Car. This peak cnjovs the reputation of being the highest summit ou the E side of the Rocky mountains. It derives its name from Prvifessor Mitchell, of Cincinnati, who determined ils alti- tude to be more than 250 feel higher than Mount Washmg- ton. in New Hampshire. Ils height is 6,T20 feet. MrrciiEtL-8 Salt Wokks, p. o., Jefferson Co., Ohw. ; 124 m. E. N. E. Columbus. MrrCHELLSviLLE, p. r., Eobertson CO., T(n>i. : 8-3 m. N. by E. Nashville; on the line of the proposed II. E. between Louisville and Nashville. 500 MOB ^__^__ MiTcnELUsviLtE, p. o., Boonc co., Ki/. : 53 m. N. by E Frankfort MixEKViLLE, p. 0., Franldin county, Incl. : 60 ra. E. S. E. Indianapolis. MixTows, p. 0., Tioga county, Penn.: 101 m. N. by W. Ilarrisbur.g. Mobile county, Ala. Situate S. W. comer, and contains 1,316 sq. m. It has the Gulf of Mexico on the 8., Moljile bay and river on the E., and a few small streams flowing into them. Surface mostly level, with some hills in the N., and covered largely with pine forests; soil of very moderate fertility, producing small crops of com and potatoes, and furnishing pasture for cattle in considerable numbers. Tho important interest of the county is commerce, which is of immense extent, as it has the transportation of most of the products of a back country, comprising the largest and best part of the State. Farms 249 ; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 3,II2T, and pop.-wh. 17,306, fr. col. 93S, si. 9,356-lolal 27,600. Cupitul : Mobile. PuUic Works : Mobile and Ohio E.U., etc. Mobile, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Mobile co., Ala. : on the W. bank Mobile river, jusl above its entrance into Mobile bay, 163 m. S. Vf. Montgomery. Lat 30° 41' 4S" N., and long. 87° 59' 04" W. The site is but very little elevated above the water, but sufficiently so for all purposes of con- venient drainage. The soil isdry andsandy. Immediately opposite the city, on the E., Is a large low island, covered Willi high grass and rushes, and known as " the marsh ;" above on the N. is a large swamp, extending along the banks of the r. ; and back of the city on the N. W., W. .and S., the dry sandy pine hills commence, affording delightful and he.althy retreats from the heat, sickness, and annoyances of the city during the summer; and here have sprung up the pleasant villages of Toulminville, Spring Hill, Cottigc Hill, Summcrville, and Fulton. South from the city, the shores of the bay are dolled for many miles with elegant residences, and these spots have been usually exempt from epidemic diseases. Tho city is not compactly built, except in the portions occupied by the eommerctal and business houses. Tho streets generally are wide, and run mostly north and south, and east and west. Much attention has been paid of late years to planting shade trees along the pavements, and tho comfort and probably the health of the place has been much improved thereby. The prevailing winds during the winter mouths are the N. and N. E. ; from the middle of April (a' which time the warm spring weather begins), the S. winds, cool, refreshing, and laden with moisture, make the heal quite bearable, and these, being also the prevailing summer winds, even in that hot season, negative in a great measure the climatic extreme. The climate, however, is warm and relaxing to the energies, and even in the winter months is trying to the constitution, from the many and sudden changes that occur. During the coldest weather the ground is but seldom frozen. Most rain faUs in Decem- ber, January, June, and July. No system of underground drainage has ever been at- tempted at Mobile; the light, porous char.actcr of the soil answering the same purpose, and making the streets dry immediately after the heaviest faU of rain. The city is sup- plied with good wholesome water through the water-works from a stream some few miles distant The sanitary condition of Mobile has greatly improved of late years; for a long period it enjoyed tho uneuviablo reputation of being a very unhealthy place, and the devas- tating epidemics of 1819-25-29-37-39, and '48, in truth g.ave a coloring to the accusation. Since the last-named year there has been no severe visitation of sickness, which may be accounted for in some measure by the fact, that tho wet, muddy morasses that untd then had occupied the northern part of Ihe city have been fllled in, and their places are now the sites of large cotton presses and warehouses. The deaths in 1849-50 numbered only 611, or one lo every 33^ living. A belter system of drainage has also been adopted, and MOB MOH more exertion has been used in cleansing and purifying Uie streets than heretofore. Mobile contains the county court-house, several United Blnles courts, the municipal courts, the city Iinll, a j:iil. and other public buildin.^ : a splendid Koman Catholic cathedral, numerous churches of various denominations, hospitals, schools, markets, a thealre and circus, several first-class hotels, etc. Tlic hospit^ds— the Cnited fitatos Marine Hos- pital and the City Hospital — are large and commodious buildings, each capable of accommodating from '250 to 300 patients ; and there are other cliarilable institutions worthy of notice, among whiih stand pre-eminent the Calliolicand Protestant Orplian vVsylums, the Benevolent Society, which, among other functions, has charge of destitute widows, and the Samaritan Society. A blind asylum has also been founded, and an asylum f- fertile —its whole length is 135 m. Along the batiks of the river there are a number of populoiw and thriving villages and wealthy cities. Tlie great wheat district of the State com- mences in the valley of the M-diawk above Little Falls. 501 MOH MON Mohawk Tallet, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio : 07 m. N. E. Columbus. MoHEGAN, Bta., New Londou Co., Conn.: on the line of the New London, WiUimantic, and Palmer E. K., m. N. New London, and on the W. bank of Thamea r., 8S m. S. E. Hartford. MomcAN, t. and p. o., Ashland co., Ohio : 64 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Walh(jniling r. Sur- face rolling; soil fertile and productive. Jeromcsville and Mechanicsville are names of villages in the I. I'opulation of 1 1,7T5. MouKSViLLE, p. o. and ata., Berks CO., Penn. .■ on the line of the Philadelphia and Beading E. E., 68 m. N. W. Phila- delphia. The Windsor iron furnace located hero has an annual capacity of 1,200 tons. MoiBA, t. and p. v., Franlilin co., K Y. : 15T m. N. N.TV. Albany. Drained by branches of Salmon and St. Eegis rivers. Surface even ; soil fertile. The Northern (Ogdens- burg) E. E. crosses the t, on which is the sta., 47 m. E. of Ogdensburg. Pop. of t. 1,.S40. MoLALLA, p. o., Clackamas co., Oreg. Ter. : about 29 m. N. E. Salem. MouNE, p. v., Eock Island Co., III. : on the E. side of the Mississippi, 5 m. above Eock Island City, 127 m. N. N. W. SpringBeld. It lies opposite the head of Eock Island, where there is excellent water-power, is extensively engageil in manufacturing and milling, and has aljout 1,0110 inhabitants. MouNO, p. o., Lincoln county, Tenn.: 68 m. S. by E. Nashville. MoLiso, p. o., Tippah co., J/i'ss. ; 188 m. N. E. Jackson. MOUKO, p. o., Eandolph Co., AIM. : 82 m. N. E. Jackson. MoLiMO Del Eev, p. o., Arkansas co., Arlc. : 10 m. W. of White r., 06 m. S. E. by E. Little Eock. MoLLlHOKN, p. o., Newberry dist., S. Car. MoLLTowN, p. o., Berks county, Fenn. : 86 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. MoLUNKus river. Me. : rises near the E. line of Penob- scot CO. and empties into the Matawamkeag, about 1 m. E. of its S. entrance into tlie Penobscot. Its course is S. S. E., and passes through a densely Umbered region about 60 m., affording great water-power. Momenee, p. v., Will CO., III. : on the right banlt of Kan- kakee r., 144 m. N. E. Springfield. MoNAnNocK mountain, Cheshire CO., A^ TTiimp. : lies be- tween the towns of Jaffrey and Dublin, 10 m. N. of the S. line of the State, and extends N. and S. about fi m. and E. and W. about 3 m. The highest peak, called Grand Monadnock, is 3,718 feet above the ocean level, and com- mands a view of the country around it for 50 m. on every Bide. The summit is bare rock, but the prospect is one of remarkable beauty. At its base is a mineral spring, and large quantities of plumbago are fi.und on the E. side. MosAGAN, p. o., St, Clair CO., Mo. : on a branch of Osage r. so called, 102 m. W. 9. W. Jefferson City. MoNCHES, p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : 55 m. E. by N. Madison. MoNCLovA, p. o., Lucas county, Ohio : 114 m. N. by W. Columbua. MoNEF.K, p. o., Winneshiek CO., la.: 103 m. N. by W. Iowa City. MoKEV Creek, p. o., M'Lean co., III. : on a branch of Mackinaw cr., 69 m. N. N. E. Springfield. MoNQAOP, p. 0., Sullivan co., if. Y. : 93 m. S. W. by S. Aliiany. MoNQAUP Tallet, p. o., Sullivan county, A. 3.: 86m. 8. W. by S. Albany. MoNGOQniNONG, p. T., La Grange co., /«?. Car.: on Cooper cr., near its head, 81 m. S. E. Columbia. Monk's Store, p. o., Sampson co., N. Car. : 44 m. S. S. E. Ealcigh. Monkton, t. and p. o., Addison co., Verm. : 26 m. W. Montpelier. Drained by Lewis cr. and its branches, on which are several mills. Surface uneven, and soil fertile. It is a fine grazing t., exporting live-stock, wool, and dairy produce. In Uie S. superior iron ore and porcelain clay are extensively dug. Pop. 1,246. Monkton Mills, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on Great Gunpowder Falls, 34 m. N. by W. Annapolis. It is on the Baltimore and Susquehanna E. E., 22 m. N. Baltimore, and contains large flouring mills. MoN.MouTH county. A''. Jer. Situate E. middle, and con- tains 61S sq. m. P.aritan and New York bays bound it N., the Atlantic E., and it is drained by small streams flowing into them and the Delaware. Surface generally level, with the Highlands of Navcsink in the N. ; soil of marine for- mation, with parts loo sandy for tillage ; but abundance of marl, by the application of which and good cultivation, it is mostly very productive. Corn, rye, potatoes, wheat, buckwheat, and oats are all good crops. It has some excel- lent dairies, and ex-ports beef, wool, and pork. Iron ore and marl are extensively found, and pine timber abounds in parts. Its water-power is considerable and manufactures various, principally lumber, liquors, iron, iron-ware, leather, woolens, and cordage. Farms 2,014 : manuf. 214 ; dwell. 5,155, and pop.— wh.27,927, fr. col. 2,311, si. 75— total 30,313. Capital : Freehold. MoNMonTu, p. v., and cap. Warren co., III. : about 3 m. S. of Cedar fork of Henderson's r., 91 m. N. W. by N. SpringHeld. It has a fine situation for trade in farming products, with limestone and coal aljundant in the vicinity, and contains a ojurt-house and jail, a high school, and IB or 20 stores. The " M. Atlas" (indep.) is published here weekly. MoNMorTH, p. v., Adams co., Ind. : on SL Mary's r., 116 m. N. E. Indianapolis. A plank-road passes along Iho river from Decatur to Fort Wayne. Near the v. are good mill-sites and several mills. Monmouth, t. and p. v., Kennebec co.. Me.: 16 m. 8. W. Augusta. It contains several large ponds which feed excel- lent mill streams. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, producing good grain crops and supporting fine dairies. The v. eon- tains an academy and several stores. The Androscoggin and Kennebec E. E. crosses the t. and has a sta. in it., 47 m. from Portland. Pop. of t 1,925. MoNocAOT, sta., Frederick county, Md. : 69 m. W. of Baltimore, on the Baltimore any the bluffs along the Mississippi, and much of it prairie; soil of great fertilily ; the celebrated ''American Bottom" lies between the bluffs and the Mississippi, which is woo'led near the river, and back is prairie of inexhaustible fertilily. Corn is the chief crop. "SVheat grows well, and the rearing of cattle and the fatten- ing of pork is much attended to. It lies opposite the great lead region of Missouri, and lead, copper, anp.-wh. S,4G4, fr. col. 29, si. 2,0+3- total 10,541. Capital : Paris. MoNROK county, 2^. Y. Situate W. on Lake Ontario, and contains GOT sq. m. Drained by Genesee r., its branches, Black, Allen, ami Honeoye creeks, and Sandy, Salmon, and Little Salmon creeks, emptying into the lake. Surface sloping toward the lake, and broken into two terraces MON MON parallel to it; soil a very deep, gravc'lly loam, of great f^-r- lility, and produces more grain than any other co. in the State. It yields the best of Genesee wheat, which is the great staple, and large crops of corn, oats, and potatoes, be- sides pasturing great numbers of sheep. The falls of ihe Genesee afford unsurpassed water-power, and move the largest flouring mills in the Union. Lumber, iron, elollis, paper, and leather are largely manufactured. The Genesee is navigable through the co. On the lake are good harbors, and Ihe county has a large trade with the interior. Marl is abundant, gypsum is largely found, iron and lead ores in smaller quantities, and in parts a valuable fire stone for lining furnaces and stoves. Farms 4.113; manuf. 526; dwell. 15,027, and pop.— wh. 86,973, fr. col. 077— total s7,GJ0. Capital: Eochester. Puhlie Works : Erie Canal; Genesee A'^alley Canal ; Buffalo and Eochester K. K. ; Eochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. E. ; SjTacuse and Eochester Eailroad, etc. MoNKOE county, Ohio. Situate S. E., and contains 522 sq. m. Bounded E. by the Ohio, and drained by Mus- kingum r., Clear, Sunfish, and Senera creeks. Surface un- even and broken ; soil generally fertile. Wheat, corn, oats, and potatoes are produced largely. Tobacco is extensively cultivated, and pork and wool are exported. It mamifac- tures flour, iron, woolens, leather, etc. The "W. abounds in iron and coal. Farms 2,G3T; manuf. 43; dwell. 4,S02, and population— wh. 2S,2S1, fr. col. TO— total 23,351. Capital : Woodsfield. Monroe county. Pejin. Situate N. E.. and contains 494 sq. m. Bounded W. by the Lehigh, E. by the Delaware, and drained by their affluents. Surface rough and broken ; soil very fertile in the lower parts. Corn, rye, buckwheat, oats, and potatoes are all fine crops. Sheep are reared largely, and fine dairies are kept. It has much water-power, and manufactures flour, iron, leather, lumber, and woolens. Farms 904; manuf. 7G; dwell. 2,155, and pop.— wh. 13,170, fr. col. 100— total 13,270. Capital: Stroudsburg. Puhlic Wor/cs: Cobb's Gap E. E. MoNEOE county, Tenj}. Situate 9. E., and contains 76S sq. m. Drained by Tellico r., Cilicti and Lyon's creeks, and Tennessee r., which touches the N. part. Surface various : on the S. E. line a mountain ridge, and "VV. and middle large valleys ; soil generally rich, and much of it superior pasture. Corn is the principal crop. Wheat and oats are successfully cultivated, and pork exjjorled. Water-power is plenty, and manufactures of flour, lumber, eartlien-ware, iron castings, etc., are rapidly increasing. Farms 91S ; manuf. 59; dwell. 1.S16, and pop.— wh. 10,fi23, fr. col. 63, fil. 1,1S3— total 11,874. Capital: Madisonville. Fuhlic Works: East Tennessee and Georgia E. E. MoNKOE county, Yirg. Situate S. W., and contains 573 sq. m. Drained by Greenbrier and Great Kanawha rivers, the last forming its W. boundary. Surface elevated, with the Alleghany mountains on the E., and delightful valleys in every part ; soil a rich loam, especially adapted to graz- ing. Corn, wheat, rye. and oats are very fine crops. It has superior dairies, and exports largely of live-stock, beef, and wool. Water-power is abundant, and small manufactories of flour, leather, liquors, woolens, and oil numerous. It has celebrated red and salt sulphur springs, and much visited sweet springs. Farms 910; manuf. 30; dwell. 1,570, and pop.—wh. 9,062. fr.col. 81, si. 1,061— total 10,204. CapiUil: Union. PuhlicWorks: Covington and Ohio E. E. Monroe, p. v., Morgan county, ^/rt.; 14S m. N. by W, Montgomery. Monroe, t. and p. t., Fairfield co., Cotm. : 43 m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by Mill and Pequannock rivers and branches of the Housatonic. Surface uneven ; soil sto'iy, but fine pasture land. Farming and grazing are the chief pursuits. The Housatonic U. E. passes through :t The v. is on high ground, and contains an academy and several stores. Pop. of t. 1,440. Moneok, p. v., and cap. Walton co., Oa. : 53 m. N. N.W. 504 Milledgeville. It contains a CDurt-house, Jail, academy, A dozen stores, and 600 inhabitants. Monroe, p. o., Perry co., Miss. : on Leaf r., 7S m. 9. E. Jackson. Monroe, p. v., Tippecanoe co., Ind.: 45 ra. N. W. by K. Indianapolis. Monroe, p. o., Jasper co., la. : 82 m. W. by S. Iowa City. Monroe, t. and p. o., Bedford co., Pejui. : 7S m. W. S.W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Sliding Hill cr., and affluents of Raystown branch. Surface broken; soil very fertile in parts, and generally good pasture land. Farming and grazing the chief pursuits. MoNitoE, p. o., Uart county, Ay. : 73 m. S. W. by 9. Franklbrt. Monroe, p. v., and cap. Waehita par., Ln. : on the E. side of Wachita r., 146 m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge, It is at the head of steamboat navigation, and is the shipping-place for the cotton of a large and fertile district. It has also a valua- ble trade, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, several stores and warehouses, and 500 inhabitants. Monroe, t. and p. o., Waldo co.. Me.: 43 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Marsh r., a branch of the Penobscot. Surface varied ; soil fertile of grain and gmss, and well tim- bered. Wool anil lumber are exported. Pop. 1,60G. Monroe, t. and p. o., Franklin co., Mass. : on the N. line of the State, 101 m.W. N. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Dcerfleld river. Surface elevated and mountainous; soil adapted to grazing, which is the chief business. Pop. 254. Monroe, L. p. city, and cap. Monroe en., 3fic?i. : on Lake Erie, S7 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Raisin r. and small creeks flowing into the lake. Surface mostly level ; soil sandy, and fertile of grass and grain. Building stone and sulphur springs are found. The city is on the river, 2^ m. above its mouth, and has superior facilities for manufactures and commerce, the river affording great water-power and communication with the lake ports and eastern markets, Iteontaiasa court-house, jail, several elegant churches, an academy, numerous flouring-mills, and manufactories of various kinds, and 2,S09 inhabitants. Three papers are pub- lished—two weeklies, the "M, Commercial," and "Free Citizen," and a literary monthly, the "Seminar)' Waifs," This city is an important point in the great thoroughfare of travel and transportation between the E. and W., being tho E. terminus of the Michigan Southern R. E., which hero connects with steamer.^ for all the lake ports. The Tole4T. Monroe, p. v., Sussex county, iV. Jer. : 60 ra. N. by E. Trenton. Monroe, t. and p. v.. Orange co., K. T. : 92 m. S. by W. Albany. Drained by Eamapo r., a branch of the Pjissaic, which furnishes good water-power. Surface hilly and broken; soil adapted to grazing, with some fine farms. It is well timbered, and abounds in iron ore. The Eric R. R. passes through the t. Monroe station is 59 m. from New York. The v. is on the Eamapo r., and contains an acad- emy, several large stores and mills, and about 1,000 inhab- itants. It is surrounded by a great dairy region, and about 3,000 gallons of milk are sent daily by railroad to New York from this place. Pop. of t 4,2S0. Monroe, p. v., and cap. Union co., N. Car.: on Eichard- son's cr., a W. aflluent of Yadkin river. 111 m. W, 9. W. Ealeigh. It contains a court-house, jail, and several stores. Monroe, p. v., Butler co., Ohio : about 5 m. E. of Miami river, SI m. S. W. by W. Columbus. It contains an acad- emy, several stores, and 213 inhabitants. Monroe, p. v., Overton co., Tenn.: about 5 m. S. ofE. fork of Obeys r., S5 m. E. by N. Nashville. It contains a jail and several stores, and was the former capital of tho co. Monroe, p. v., and cap. Greene co., ICwc. ; 87 m. S. by W. Madison. Drainctl by branches of Peckatonicn r. Surface moderately uneven ; boU generally fertile. It lies in iho MON MON mineral region, and IcaJ aboumls. Tlie v. enntuina tlio co. buil'lings and several stores, and baa a valuable trade In the staples of the district, A literary weekly, the "Greene County Union," is published here. Pop. of 1. 1,140. Monroe lake, Orange co., Flor. : an expansion of St. John's r., near the centre of the county. MusROE Centre, p. o., Waldo co., Jle. : 41 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Monroe Centrh, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 17-i m. N. E. Columbus. Mo>'ROE Mills, p. v., Knox county, Ohio: on Yemon r., m m. N. N. E. C(jlumbu9. MoNROETos, p. v., Bradford co., Feim. : onTowanda cr., SS m. N. by E. Harrisburg. MoNRoETON, p. 0., Kocklngham county, i^. Car. : 76 m. W. N. W. Kaleigh. MoNP.OEviLu:, p. v., Monroe county, AUi,:S-l m. St W. Montgomery. It was the former capital of the county, and contains .several stores and 250 iiiliabilanls. MoNKOEViLLE, p. V., and new cap. Colusi county, Calif. : 142 m. N. by E. Vallejo. It is a new v. on the Upper Sacra- mento, near Sloue creek, and lies at the head of low water navigalion. Boats of 3 feet draft come up to this point at the lowest water, and at high water first-class steamers land here. The land around it is of the best in the Sacramento Valley. MoNROEViLLE, p. V., Iluron CO., Ohio: on Huron r., S6 m. N. by E, Columbus. It has fine water privileges, and con- tains several mills and 12 stores. It is IG m. 9. of Sandusky City, on the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark R. II., which here intersects the Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleveland K, K. MoNROEviLLE, p. V., AllegUuuy CO., Feiin, : T2 m-W. byN. Harrisburg. Monroe 'Works, p. v. and sfa., Orange co., 2T. Y. : on Eamapo river, 9S ra. S. by W. Albany. Iron of a superior quality for the manufacture of cannon is abundant in the vicinity, and wrought in the works here, which are on the Erie li. II., 52 ni. from New York. Monrovia, p. v., Morgan county, I/id.: 21 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Monrovia, p. v., Frederick co., 3IU. : on Bush cr., 40 m. N. ^\. Annapolis- The Baltimore and Ohio E. li. passes through it 50 m. "W. of Baltimore. Monkey, p. o. and sta., Rockland county, J^. Y. : 100 ra. 8. by "W. Albany. The sta. is 5 m. E. of Suflern's, and 3t m. from New York. MoNSON, t. and p. o., Piscataquis co., JiTe. : 69 m. N. by E. Augusta, It has several ponds, tlie sources of affluents of the Piscataquis, which furnish mill-sites. Surface varied, and soil mostly fertile. It has many good forms, and abund- ance of timber. Pop. 054. MoNsoN, t. and p. v., Hampden co., Mass. : on the S. line of the State, 08 ra. W. S. W. Boston. Drained by branches of Chicopee r., which supply excellent water-power. Sur- face agreeably varied ; soil very fertile. It has superior farms and orchards, and is extensively engaged in manu- facturing cotton and woolen goods, and various kinds of machinery. The New London, Willimanlic, and Palmer E. K. crosses the t, anout 5(10 hands. MoNTAUK, p. o., Crawford Co., Mo. : (ji m. S. E. JetTcrson City. MoNTAUK Point, K Y. : is a bold promontory, constitut- ing the extreme E. end of Long Island, on which Is a stone light-house, erected in 1795. Lat. 4P 4' 10", long. 71^51' 5.'S". It is 19 m. S. of Slonington, and 110 m. E. by N. of New York. The ocean presents peculiar phases of grandeur here, whether in calm or storm, and attracts many visitors to this place in the summer season. MoNicALM county, Mivli. Situate S. centrally, on Lower Peninsula, and contains S70 sq. m. Drained by Flat r. and Fish and Prairie creeks of Grand r., and Pine r.,a branch of the Titlibawassie. Surface imdulating, and generally well wooded with oak, ash, maple, and black walnut; soil black sandy loam, and mostly very fertile, with but little waste land, equally adapted to grass and grain, and free from stone. rarm320; manuf.5; dwell. 104, and pop.— wh. S91, fr. col. 0— total S91. Capital : GreenviUe. Montcalm, I. and p. o., Montcalm co., Mich. : 42 m. N.W. Lansing. Drained by tributaries of Grand r. Pop. 135. MoNTEBELLo, p. V., ILuicock CO., Til. : on the left bank of Mississippi r., 90 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Montello, p. 0., Marquette co.. Wise. : 49 m. N. by E. Madison. Montell's, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : 11 m. N. Baltimore, on the Westminster Branch E. li. Monterey county, Calif. Situate "W. middle, and con- tains 2,779 sq. m. Drained by Pajaro and Monterey or Sali- nas rivers. The Coast Range forms the E. boundary, sep- arating the CO. from the San Joaquin valley, and the Santa Cruz mta. in the middle parallel to them, dividing the co. into two extended valleys. San Juan valley, occupying tho E. part, is a beautiful and very fertile plain, with few lar^e streams, but rich mines of quicksilver and gold in the N.; the W. valley is drained by the Monterey, a large an. Ciipital: Troy. MoNToosiERV county, OMn. Situate S. W., and contains 40^ sq. m. Drained by Miami and Mad rivers and their branches. Surface gently undulating. Soil of great fer- tility, equally adapted to grass and grain. Corn and wheat ari! the leading crops ; rye, oats, and potatoes but little in- ferior. Very large amounts of pork aro exported, tho clip- pings of wool .are heavy, and the produce of tho dairies very valaahle. It has great facilities for manufacturing in an abundance of superior water-power, and easy communic-a- tion with marketii in every direction. The principal articles made are flour, cotton and woolen goods, iron castings, aud machinery, paper, and eiirthen-ware. Farms 2,00S ; manuf. 224; dwell. 6,527, and pop.-wh. 37,078, fr. col. S4C-total 88.219. Caiiikd: Dayton, ruhlic Works: Miami Canal; Mad Kiver and Lake Krie U. n. ; Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton R. E. ; LitUc Miami R. E. ; Dayton and Western K. E. ; Greenville and Miami E. E. ; Dayton aud Michigan E. R. ; Davton and Xenia R. E., etc. MosTooMERV county, I'fnn. Bituato S. E., and contains 608 sq. m. Drained by tlie Schuylkill, which runs on ils 8. W. border, and its branches, which furnish excellent water-power in abundance. Surface moilerately uneven ; soil very fertile, especially on tho Schuylkill. Com, wheat, rye, oats, and potatoes are all very large crops. The dairies ore lartaslure3 feed fine dairies and great numbers of sheep. Live-stock, butter, cheese, and wool are the exports. Iron ore abounds, and the manufacture of iron employs a large capital. Flour, leather, woolens, and distilled liquors are largely made. Farms 73S; manuf S9; dwell. 2,2S0, and pop.— wh. 13,155, fr. col. 84— toUd 13,239. Capital: Dan- ville. Public Works : North Branch Canal : Extension of Pennsylvania Coal Company's R. R. to Northumberland, etc. Montour's, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn.: 154 m. W. byN. Ilarrisburg. MoNTPEMER, p. o., Marcugo county, Ala. : 76 m. W. Montgomery. Montpelier, p. o., Monroe county, Ga. : 47 m. W. by N. Mdledgeville. Montpelier, p. v., Blackford co., Ind. : on the S. side of Salamonic r., OS m. N. K. by N. Indianapolis. Montpelier, p. o.,William3 co., Ohio : 237 m. N.W. by N. Columbus. Montpelier, p. o., Adair county, Ky. : S3 m. S. by W. Frankfort Montpelier, p. o., Richmond co., N. Car. : about 4 m, W. of Lumber r., 65 m. S. S. W. Raleigh. Montpelier, t., p. v., and cap. Washington co., Verm-y and capital of the State: on Wiuooski r., in lat. 44° 17' N., and long. T2° 36' W., 524 m. N. N. E.Washington. Drained by tributaries of the Winooski, which afford fine water- power and numerous mill-seals. Surface uneven and hilly; soil various — on the hills furnishing fine pastures. The v. is the centre of a large commerce and of roads di\(rging in every direetiou. The Vermont Central R. R.toueljes Mont- pelier, 77 m. from Windsor, and 40 m. from Burlington. The public buildings are the State House, court-house, jail, etc The Stjile House is an elegant granite structure, 150 feet long— the centre, including portico, 100 feet deep, and the wings 72 feet deep ; the centre front has a fine Dorio MON MOO porlico of 6 columns, each 6 feet diamclcr and 3G feci hiKh. and the whole edifice is Burmounlcd by a dome 100 feel from Ihe ground. In the interior are convenient Slate oftl- cea and spacious and elegant rooms n>r the Senate^ and KcpresenlaliTcs. Montpelier became capilal in 1S05. II has several workshops and factories, a hank, and numerrais wholesale and retail stores ; and Ave newspapers, Ihe " Ver- mont ralriol" (dem.), the " Verm. Walehman" (whig), the "Green Mountain Freeman" (free soil), llie •• Chrislian Ite- posilory," and the " Chrislian Messenger"— all weekly pub- liciltions. Pop. in ISJO, :,T9'2 ; in 1S4U, .I.T-M: .ind in ^m, S,.S10. The t. of Ea,sl Monliielier was taken from the orig- inal I. in l*tS, and in 1S50 contained 1,+17 inhaliitant.s. Mo.NTPELiEB, p. 0., Hanover co., rir(/. : 21 m. N. N. W. Eichmond. MoNTi'.A, p. o., Shelby county, 0)(io: 03 m. W. N. W. Columbus. MosTKEAL river, J//c/t. and TTisc. .- rises in several lakes In Wise, and flows N. W. into Lake Superior, forming the boundary between the two Slates. MoNTi-.osE, p. T., Lee eo., Li. : on the Mississippi, 12 m. above the mouth of the Des Moines, 92 m. 9. Iowa Cily. It is opposite Nauvoo, and was first sellled by Spaniards in 1T99. Montrose, p. o., Jasper county, 3/"'s. : 03 m. E. S. E. Jackson. MoNTBOSE. p. b., and cap. Susquehanna eo., Pmi!. : 115 m. N. by E. Uarrisburg. It occupies an elevated position, and is compactly built, containing a court-house and jail, an academy, 20 stores, several manufaclories, and Old iiduib- ilants. Two weekly papers, the " S. P.egisler" (whig), and the "M. Democrat," are published. The Laekaw.anna and ■Western P.. E. passes a few miles E., and Montrose sla. is 13 m. S. of Great Bend, on the Erie K. E. Montrose, p. o., Smith county, Teiin.: 44 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Montrose, p. 0., Summit Co., Ohio: 113 m. N. E. by N. Coluniliiis. MuNTROSE, p. 0., Westmoreland Co., Viry. : 49 m. N. E. Kiehmond. MoNTROSB DepSt, p. o. and sla., Susquehanna eo., Pfmi. : on the Lackawanna and Western P.. P.., 13 m. S. of Great Bend, 113 m. N. N. E. narrisburg. MoNTirRESvll.l.E. p. v.. Lvcomiug Co., Prnn.: on the left bank of the W. branch of Susquehanna r., 00 nR N. by ^\^ . Uarrisburg. It is on the W. branch of Pennsylvania Canal, 6 m. E. Williamsport. MoNTVALE Spbixgs, p. o., Blouut CO., T'un. : 103 m. E. by S. N.ishville. MoNTviLi.E, t. and p. 0., Waldo CO., Jfc." 24 m. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by heads of Sheep-cot and St. George's rivers. Surface varied, and ."oil fertile, and adapted to grain. A superior fanning t. Pop. 1,STS. MoNTViLLE. st.T., New Loudou CO., Ctmn. : on Ihe right bank i:s. p. o., Middlesex en.. Conn.: on an E. liranch of the Connecticut, 23 m. S. E. by S. Ilariford. . E. E. by S. Little ■ about 2 m. S. of S:dt Moody's MiLia, p. o., Morgan CO., Ohio : 63 m. E. Coluiidjus. MooER's, t. and p. v., Clinton CO., jK Y. : on the Canada line, lis m. N. Albany. Drained by Chazy r. of Lake Champlain, and English r., an affluent of the St. Lawrence. Surface hilly, and heavily limbered; soil various, princi- jjally adapted to grazing, which is the leading interest. The v., 2 m. S. of the Canada line, on the N. side of Chazy r., is extensively engaged in manul'aetures. It is 20 m. N. of Plallsburg, on Ihe Platlsburg and Montreal E. E., which 1. m. N. of the v. intersects the Northern (Ogdcnsburg) E. U., 12 m. W. of Eouse's Point Pop. of t. ?,305. Moon, t. and p. o.. Alleghany CO., Penv. : on the left bank of the Ohio, 173 m. W. by N. Uarrisburg. Drained by affluents of the Ohio, which furuish water-[>owcr. Surface hilly; soil loam, and for the most part very fertile. Il con- tains several fiouring-mills and small manufactories, but farming is lite chief pursuit. MooN-ET, p. 0., Philips m.fAr!:.: r.oek. MoONEV, p. o., Jackson CO., Jnd. : cr., 53 m. S. Indianapolis. JIooN's, P.O., Fayette CO., Ohio: on P.attlesnake cr.,44ra. S. W. by S. Columbus. Moon's, sla., Cobb co., Gn.: on the Western and Allan tic E. P.., 80 m. N. of Atlanta. MooEE county, N. Car. Situate centrally, and contains 864 sq. in. Drained S. by Lumber r., N. by Deep r.. and many other branches of Cape Fear r. Surface ilivcrsilled, and generally somewhat uneven; soil of average fertility, with superior land on the larger rivers. Ctjtton and corn are the leading crops: wheat, oats, and polatoes, and some tobacco are cultivated; but none of its prodnct-s are very large. Farms 713; mnnuf. 4; dwell. 1,230, and pop._wh. 7,197, fr. col. 109, si. 1.970— total 9,342. Capital: Carthage. MooREPiEi.D, p. v., Switzerland co., Jnd. : SI m. S. E. by S. Indianapolis. MooREFiELD, p. 0., Nicholas county, Ki/. : 45 m. E. by N. Frankfirl. Ml .OREPiELD, t. and p. v., Harrison eo., Oh in : 94 m. K. by N. Columlnis. Drained by branches of Tuscarawa.s r. Sur- face slightly uneven, and soil mostly very fertile. Tlie v. contains 44 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,066. MooREFiEi.n. p. v., and cap. Hardy e"-. ^'^J- ■ "" ""■ '■■ sidi' of the S. fork of Potomac r.,131 m. N. W. by N. Eich- mond. It has growing manufaclures, favored by the exten- sive waler-power of two branches of the r. uniting here, .and contains a courl-house, jail, academy, several mills, and 500 inhabitants. Moore's, p. o., Bowie Co.. Tffl-. ; .506 m. N. E. Austin City. MooREsnoEoran, p. o., Cleveland co., X. Car. : on Sandy Eun of Broad r., 109 w. W. by ?. Ealeigh. MooEisniT.G, p. v., PuUiski co., /iirl. : on an E. bnmeh of Tipi)eeanoe r., 35 in. W. by N. Indianapolis. Moop.r.'icuiic. p. v., Montour Co., /Vnn. ; about 3 m. N. of Susquehanna r. and Ihe Pennsylvania Canal, 40 in. N. Iiy E. Ilarri.sburg. A charcoal furnace of 1,400 tons capacity is located here. MooREsufBG, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenth : 20.j m. E. by N. Nashville. Moore's Creek, p. o.. New Hanover co., A". Car.: on a branch of Cape Fear r., 91 m. S. by E. Ealelgli. MooEB's Cross Eoads, p. o., Hardeman county, 7J»». ; 169 m. S. W. by W. Nashville. Il is near the S. line of tlic State, and on the line of the Memphis and Charleston E. E. MooKE's Fork, p. o., Clinton county. A'. Y. : 114 m. N. Albany. Mooke's Hii.t, p. v., Dearborn counly, Jnd.. S. E. by E. Iniliana])olis. Moort;'b Mii.i-s, p. o., .Taekson county, Viri/.. W. N. W. Eichniond. Moore's Oriunarv. p. o., Prince Edward connly, 61 ra. W. S. W. Uichmond. 509 71 in. 237 ni. , Vir(/. . MOO MOR Moore's Pbairie, p. o., Jeffersoa co., lU, : 126 m. 8. S. E. Sprinjifield. Moore''3 Rest, p. o., Anderson co., Teo*.: 143 m. N. E. Austin City. Moore's Salt-Works, p. v., Jefferson county, Ohio: on Yellow er., IIG m. E. N. E. Ci.lumbus. Moore's Store, p. o., Shenanduah co., Virg. : 107 m. 51. W. by N. rachmond. Moore'b Store, p. o., Caswell co., A^ Car. : 68 m. N. "W. Ealeigh, MooEESTOWN. p. v., Burlington co., A^ Jer. : 5 m. E. of Delaware r., 20 m. S. S. W. Trenton. MooRESviLLE, p. V., Limcstone oo., Ala. : between Shoal and Limestone creeks, about 5 ra. N. of the Tennessee, 153 m. N. by W. Montgomery. It Las an academy, and in the vicinity are fine water privileges and several cotlon-milla. MooRESViLLE, p. T.. Morgan co., Ind. : on the E. side of "White Lick cr., 16 m. S. W. Indianapolis. MooRESViLLE, p. 0., Orange co., N. Car. : 54 m. N. W, Ealeigh. MOORESVILLE, p. c, TJnion par.. La. : 167 m. N. N. "W, Baton Eouge. MooRESTiLLE, p. V., Marshall co., Tenn.: 47 m. S. by TV. Nashville. Moore's Vineyard, p. c, Bartholomew co., Ind. : 46 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. MooiiHEADviLLE, p. T., Erie county, Fenn.: 206 miles N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Moorland, p. t., Wayne county, Ohio: 85 m. N. E. Columbus. Mooeville, p. 0., Itawamba CO., Miss.: 165 m. K. E. Jackson. MoosEHELOO, Grafton co., IT. JTatnp. : lies in the E. part of Benton, and consists of two peaks, the N. 4,556, and the S. 4,636 feet above the ocean level. The summits are bare masses of granite, on which the snow lies the year round. Moose river, A^ Y. : has its source in Hamilton co. in several large lakes, and flows W. across Herkimer into Lewis CO., where it empties into Black r., above the High Falls. MoosK river, 3re. : rises in the highlands, on the "W. line of the State, and flows E. through several lakes into Moose- head lake, being its largest affluent. MoosEnEAD lake. Me. : lies between Somerset and Penob- scot counties, and is Ihe principal source of Kennebec r. It contains several large islands, and is about 35 m. long, varj'- ing in width from 4 to 12 miles. Moose Meadow, p. o., Tolland co., Conn. Moose Kiver, p. o., Somerset co., Me. : 95 m. N. by "W. Augusta. Moosop, p. 0., "Windham co., Coiui. : on an E. branch of the Quiiuiebaug, 41 m. E. by S. Hartford. MoQUELUMNE, V., Calavcms CO., Cidif. : about 2 m. W. of the N. fork of the r. so called, 104 m. E. by :N^. Vallejo. MoQUELUMXE riveT, Calif. : a tributary of Joaquin r. from the Sierra Nevada. It flows through a rich gold region. MotjuELUMNE Hill, v., Calaveras co., Calif. : on the S. side of the S. fork of Moquelurane r., lOG m. E. by N. Vallejo. Morales De Lavaca, p. o., Jackson co., Tex. : 106 m. B. S. E. Austin City. Moravia, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., y. T. : 139 m. TV". Albany. Drained by Owasco inlet, which affords fine mill- sites, and flows into Owaaco lake in the N. "W. corner. A broad and fertile valley borders the inlet, back of which the surface is hilly and the soil indifferent The v. is on the inlet, and contains several factories and the Moravian In- stitute. Pop. of t. 1,S76. MoREAU, t. and p. o., Saratoga county. A'! Y. : 98 m. N. Albany. Bounded N. and E. by the Hudson, on which, in the N. E. comer, are Glen's and Baker's falls, which supply immense water-power. Surface mostly even, with hills in Ihc E. ; soil sandy and clayey loam, generally fertile. Black m-arble of superior beauty ia plentiful on the Hudson, which 610 is spanned by a bridge above the falls. The Saratoga and TVashington R. E. passes through it. Pop. 1,534. MoREAu Station, p. o. and sta., Saratoga co., K. F ; 40 m. N. Albany, on the Saratoga and Washington E. R., 16 m. N. of Saratoga. MoREFiELD, p. o., Greene county, Wise. : 27 m. 8. S. "W. Madison. Morehause parish, La. Situate N. E., and contains S45 sq. m. Drained by Washita and Au Bceuf rivers and bayou Bartholomew— the first forming its W. and the last iL^ E. boundary. Surface undulating, and in parts swampy, with a fine growth of limber; soil fertile, on the margins of the streams especially so, and productive of large crops of cotton and corn, the staples of the county. It has good pasture land, and raises many oatUe and fattens pork largely. Farms 260; manuf. 4; dwell. 3T2, and pop.— wh. 1,ST7, fr. col. 30, si. 2,00e— total 3,913. Capital: Bastrop. FuUic Worlcs : Louisiana and Texas E. R. MoREUArsEviLLE, p. V., and cap. Hamilton co., K T. : 7S m. N. W. Albany. A small v., surrounded by fine pas- ture lands and forests of excellent timber, containing a court-house and 150 inhabitants. MoRELAND, p. o., Bourbou county, Xy. .* 80 m. E. by S. Frankfort, MoRELAND, p. o., Fauquicr co., Virg.: 71 m. N. by W. Richmond. MoRELAND, p. 0., Chcmung co., N. T. : 103 m. W. by S. Albany. MoRELAND, t and p. o., Lycoming co., Penn.: 63 m, N. Harrisburg. Drained by Little Muncy cr. It has a hilly surface, a gravelly soil, and abundance of white pine tim- ber, which affords material fur numerous saw-mills. Moreman's River, p. o., Albemarle co., Virg.: 62 m. "W. N. "W. Richmond. MoRENxi, p. o., Lenawee county, Midi. ; 42 m. S. S. E. Lansing. WoRcsviLLE, p. T., Delaware co., A''. Y. : 45 m. "W. S. W. Albany. MoEETOWN, t. and p. v., Washington co., Term. : 8 m. W. Monlpelier. Drained by Mad r., a branch of Onion r., ■which furnishes good water-power. The Vermont Central R. K. passes along Onion r., the N. boundary of the t. Sur- face mountainous and in many parts untillable. The v. is on Mad r., and contains several mills and stores. Popula- tion of L 1,335. MoRpyrz Mill, p. o., Ashe co., 2f. Car. : 161 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Morgan county, Ala. Situate N. middle, and contains 714 hq. m. Boundeidly increasing, particularly of cotton goods. Farms 336; manuf. 31 ; dwell. 621, and pop.— wh. 3,634, fr. col. 16, si. 7,094— total 10,744. Capital : Madison. Puhlic Work^ : Georgia E. R, Morgan county, III. Situate W. middle, and contains 539 sq. m. Drained by Indian and Mauvaiseterre ereeks, branches of the'lllinois, which forms the W. boundary. Surface undulating or nearly level; soil of great fertility, larj^ely made up of prairies, which afford the very best of MOR grazing lands. Com and wheat are very luavy crops. Live-stock, beef, wool, and pork are large exporls. Timber ia found near all the slreams, which afford considerable fine water-power. Flour, leather, woolen goods, iron castings, and machiner>- are leading manufactures. Farms 1,674; manuf. 89; dwcU. 2,661, and pop.-wh. 1.5,939, fr. col. 125- total 16,064. 0//7t(a«; Jacksonville. Publio Works : Stm- ganion and Morgan E. K. Morgan county, Jnd. Situate S. centrally, and contains 453 sq. m. Drained by W. fork of White r. and its branches. White Lick, Big Indian, Mill, and Stotfs creeks. Surface undulating or level, with hills near the streams and wide bottoms on their margins; soils everywhere excellent and well timbered. Corn and wheat are heavy staples, and pork a large export. Wool is extensively grown, and fine dairies kept. Farms 1,802; manuf. 14; dwell. 2,401, and pop.— wh. 14,502, fr. col. 74— total 14.576. Capital: Mar- tlnsvUle. Public Workis : Mnrlinsville It. K. MoitOAS county, Ky. Situate N. E., and contains S02 sq. m. Drained by Licking and Keel rivers and their tributa- ries. Surface much diversifled, and in parts rugged or mountainous; soil of average fertihty, better adapted to grazing than grain-growing. Com is the chief cereal pro- duced ; other grains are raised in small quantities, and pork is the principal export It has abundant limber and water- power. Farms 615 ; manuf. ; dwell. 1,201, and pop.— wh. 7,895, fr. col. 85, si. lS7-lotal 7,620. Capital; West Liberty. Morgan county, Mb. Siluate centrally, and contains 649 sq. m. Drained by tlie Osage r., which runs on and near its S. border, and its branches, and N. by Flat cr., a l)ranch of La Mine r. Surliice moderately uneven, in parts prairie, but generally well wooded. Corn is the staple, but other grains thrive, and tobacco flourishes in parts. Fine pa.stur- age is abundant, and the rearing of cattle and sheep de- mands nmch attenti.m. I'ork is the principal export. Water-power is abundant. Farms 455; nianur. 12 ; dwell. 764, and pop.-wh. 4,202, fr. col. 5, si. 453— total 4,75t). CV/J- i«(i/.' Verseilles. MoEQAN county, Ohio. Situate S. E., and contains a>4 sq. m. Intersected by Muskingum r., and drained by its branches, and branches of Hocking r., which furnish line water-power. Surface somewhat broken ; soil very fertile. Wheat and com are the slaple cereals, and the produce very large. Tobacco is cultivated with marked success and proBt. It has very fine dairies, shears a large amount of ■wool, and exports pork extensively. Bituminous coal is found, and numerous salt-springs, which formerly furnished a great qu,antity of salt. It manufactures salt, leather, ■woolens, iron castings, machinery, liquors, and stone-ware. Farms 2,126; manuf 95; dwell.4,SS6, and pop.— -(vh. 28,515, fr. col. 70— total 23,585. Capital : M-ConnellsviUe. Morgan county. Term. Situate N. E., and contains 8S3 sq. m. Drained N. by branches of Cumberland r., and S. by Emery's r. and its branches, affluents of Clinch r. Sur- face rough and uneven, being crossed by Cumberland mts. ; soil better adapted to grazing than grain. Corn, oats, and potatoes are the chief crops, and pork the principal export. Its mill streams are numerous and fine. Farms 4:M ; manuf 8 ; dwell. 581, and pop.-wh. 3,301, fr. col. 28, si. lol— tot;»l 3,430. Capital; Morgan. Morgan county, Virg. Situate N. E., and contains 295 sq. m. Drained by Cac.apon r. and Sleepy er., afBuente of the I'otomac, which forms the N. and N. W. boundary. Surface nmch broken, in parts mountainous; soil in the valleys very fertile; parts are too rugged for cultivation. Com, wheat, rye, oats, and potatoes are raised, generally in good crops, though the amounts are not large. Sheep find good pasturage. It has superior mill-seats, and manufac- tures flour, woolens, leather, and earthen-ware. Farms .300 ; manuf. 9 ; dwell. 606, and pop.-wh. 3,4-31. fr. col. 3, si. 123— total 8,557. Capital : Bath. PiAlic Works ; Baltimore and Ohio K. £. MOR ___ MoiUiAN, t. and p. o., Ashtabula Co., Ohio; 159 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and its branches, which alford good mill-sitea. Surface even, and soil productive. Various small manufactories are operated. Pop. 891. Morgan, p. v., and cap. Morgan co., Teii7i: on Emery's r., a branch of Clinch r., 113 m. E. Nashville. It contains a court-house and jail, and several stores and workshops, with about 200 inhabilants. Morgan, t. and p. o., Orleans Co., Verm. ; 45 m. N. E. Montpeller. Seymour's lako, a tributary of Clyde r., occu- pies the central part. Surface uneven, but not rough ; soil mostly good. Grazing is the cliief pursuit. The St, Law- rence and Atlantic K. U. crosses the E. part. Pop. 436. Morgan City, sta., M.irgan Co., J 11 ; 9 m. E. of Naples, on the Sangamon and Morgan K. K. M0RGANFIEI.D, p. v.. Union eo.. Ay. .■ about 8 m. S. of tho Ohio, 167 m. W. by 3. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, academy, several stores, and 300 inhabitants. MoROANSBCTiO, p. 0., Fauquier co., \'irRRi80N'8 Bluff, p. o., Johnson co.. Arl: : on the right bank of the Arkansas, 8;3 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. Morrison's Stone House, p. o., Monroe co.. Ill : about 1 m. W. of Kaskaskia r., 107 ra. S. by W. SpriugflWd. Morrison's Tan- Yard, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Al Car.: 118 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. Morris' Plains, sta., Morris co., JV^ Jer. : ai m. W. of Trenton, on the Morris and Essex K. R. MoRRiSTowN, p. v., Henry co., ///. ; about 3 m. S. of Green r., on a small creek, 116 m. N. N. W. Sjiritigfield. MoRRiSTOWN, p. v., Shelby co., Ind. : about 1 m. E. of Blue r., 24 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. The Knightstown and Shelbyville R. R. passes through it, 1-3 m.N. of Shelbyville. MoRRiSTOWN, p. v., and cap. Morris co., N. Jer.: 41 m. N. by E. Trenton. It lies on an elevated plain, on the S. side of Whippany r., and is regularly laid out, with a largo square in the centre. It contains a court-house and jail, 2 academies, a bank, about 40 stores, and 3.000 inhabitants. Manufactures of various kinds are extensively carried on, particularly of paper, iron castings, carriages, machinery, etc. The Morris and Essex R. K. passes through it 32 m. W. of New York. Three papers are published — the " Jer- seyman" (whig), and '* Free Democratic Banner' (dem.), weekly, and the " New Jersey Freeman'' (abolitionist), monthly. The Lis called Morris, is well supplied with water- power by Passaic and Whippany rivers, and has an uneven surface and fertile soil. Pop. of t. 4.992. MORRISTOWN, t and p. v., St Lawrence co., N. Y. : on the St Lawrence, 164 m. N. W. by N. Albany. Surfapo slightly rolling, and soil fertile. Black lake lies on the S. E. The V. is on the St Lawrence, and a regular landing-place for steamboats. Pop. of t 2,274. MORRISTOWN, t and p. v., Lamoille co., Verm. : 23 m. N. Montpelier. Drained by Lamoille r. and its branches, which supply good mill privileges. Surface somewhat hilly; soil fertile, especially on the r. It is a fine farming t, exporting cattle, wool, and dairy products, to a large amount The v. is on the r., and contains several stores and mills. Pop of 1 1.142. MoRRisTowN, p. T., Bctmont co., Olvio : on M'Mahon's cr of the Ohio, 99 m. E. by N. Columbus. It contains several stores and railis, and 455 inhabitants. MoRRiSTOwN, p. v., Grainger co., Tenn. : on a branch of Holstnn r., 1S9 m. E. Nashville. MORRISTOWN, p. o., Cii-ss CO., 3/(?. .* 131 m. W. Jefferson City. MoRRisviLLR, p. v., Ilcudrick's CO., Ind. : on the Terre Haute and Richmond R. R., 25 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. MoRRisviLLE, p. v., and cap. Madi.son co., JV; 3'.; on a branch of the Chenango r., 102 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains a court-house, jail, clerk's office, academy, sever.il stores and mills, and about SOO inhabitants. Two weekly papers are published here — the " M. County Journal" (whig), and the " Madison Observer" (dem.) MoRRisviLLE, p. o.. Wake co., N. Car. MoRKisviLLE, p. b., Bucks CO., Penn. : on the right bank of Delaware r.,109 m. E. Harrisburg. It is opposite Tren- ton, with which it is connected by a bridge 1,100 feet long, and has fine water privileges, which are improved by various extensive manufactories. It is 29 m. N. E. Philadelphia on the Philadelphia and Trenton R. E. MoRRisvu.i.E, p. v., Lamoille co., Venri: : on Lamoille r., 21 miles N. Montpelier. Here is good water-power and several mills. MoRRisviLLE, p. v., Fauquicr co., Tirg. : 6G m. N. by W. Richmond. Morrow county, Ohio. Situate N. centrally, and con- tiins 39T sq. m. Drained by branches of Whetstone r., MOR MOU Vernon r., anil Clear fork of \Valhnnubuque co., In.: about 2 ra. "W. of the Mississippi, OS m. N. E. Iowa City. Mijsc:w, p. o., Marion county, Ala. : 141 m. N. W. Montgitmery. Moscow, p. v., Rush CO., //k7. .- on the "W. side of Fiat Eock or.. 3S m. S. E. by E. Indianapolis. Moscow, p. v., Muscatine co., la. : on Cedar r., near the entrance of Sugar cr., 24 m. Ii^ by S. Iowa City. It has a superior location for trade and manufactures, and contains several stores and mills. Moscow, p. o., Hickman county, Kj/.: 249 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Moscow, t. and p. o., Hillsdale county, 3fic7i.: .3S m. S. Lansing. Draineil by S. branch of the Kalamazoo. Sur- face rolling; soil sandy Inam, producing large crops of all the grains. A good buildingstone is quarried. Pup. 942. Moscow, p. v.. Liviuirston co., A' Y. : on a small afllurut of Genesee r., 214 m. "W. by N. Albany. It lies on high ground, 1 m. W. of Ocnesce Flats, and contains several stores and 500 hihabitaiits. Moscow, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on the Ohio. 95 ra. S. W. by S. Columbus. It has a steamboat lant the coasting trade and fisheries. It contams three towns, Eden, Mount De£.ert, and Tremont, and 3,329 inhabitants. Mount Eaton, p. v., Wayne county, Ohio: 81 m. N. E. CoJumbus. Mount Epen, p. o., Spencer co., Ey. : 23 m. W. by S. Frankfort. Mount Elba, p. o., Eradley co., Afl: ; on Saline r., 60 m. S. by E. Little Kock. Mount Elox, p. o., Darlington dist, S. Car. : about 6 m. E. of Lynch'3 cr., 53 m. E. N. E. Columbia. Mount Eminence, p. o., Orange co., Virff. : 56 m. N. N.W. Eiohraond. Mount Emmons, Hamilton co., 2i.T.: Is an isolated peak, elevated about 3,500 feet above tide-water. Mount Entebpeise, p. o.. Rusk co., Tex. : about 3 m. E. of Big Shawntie cr. of the Angelina, 216 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. Mount Eolia, p. o., Union co., Ga. : 143 m. N. N. "W. MiUedgeville. Mount Epiieaim, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio : 6S m. E. Columbus. It contains several stores and 121 inhabitants. Mount Etna. p. v., Huntington co., Ind. : on the H. side of Wabash r., 7S m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Mount Everett, Berkshire oo., Mass. : one of the highest peaks of the Taghkannic range, lies in Mount Wa^liinglon t. in the S.W. comer of the State, and rises to the height of 2,634 feet. The summit is scantily covered with scrui>-pine and bushes, but commands the grandest scenery in the State, overlooking mountains on all sides, and affording glimpses of rare beauties between and beyond them. Near it is the Bashapish Fall, which descends 150 feet in two per- pendicular leaps, and has worn out a dome-like cavity, called the "Gorge," 194 feet deep. The wildness of the surrounding region and the grandeur of their localities, at- tract many tourists hither in the summer. Mount Freedom, p. o.. Jessamine co., Xy. ; 29 m. S. E. Frankfort Mount Freedom, p. o., Pendleton county, Virff. : 123 m. N. W. by W. Eichmond. Mount Gallagher, p. o., Laurens dist, 5. Car.: about 3 m. K of Saluda r., 71 m. ^Y. N. W. Columbia. Mount Gilead, p. o., Franklin co., Arl: : on the S. side of Arkansas r., 9S ni. W. N. W. Little Kock. Mount Gilead, p. o., Mason co., Ay.; 6S m. E. N. E. Frankfort. MountGile\d. p. v., and cap. Morrow co., Oht'o: on the E. branch of Whetstone r., -10 m. N. by E. Columbus. It is about 3 m. E. of the Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus E. R.. and in the vicinity are numerous mills and factories. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, a dozen stores, and 500 inhabitants. Pop. of Gilead t. 1.6S0. Mount Gilead, p. o.. Montgomery co., A^ C(Jr.: about 3 m. N. of Yadkin r., 77 m. W. 9. W. Raleigh. Mount Gilead, p. v., London en., Virff. : on Kittoctan Mountain, 105 m. N. Eichmond. It is regularly laid out on a commanding elevation, and contains several stores and 150 inhabitants. Mount Hawkins, p. a. Perry co., M : 132 m. S. by E. Springfield. Mount Hawlet, p. o., Peoria co., IH. : about 8 m. W. of Peoria lake, 72 m. N. Springfield. Mount IIealtht, p. t., Hamilton county, Ohio: 93 m. S. W. by W. Columbus. Mount HBALTnv, p. r., Bartholomew county, Irid.: on White cr., 4S m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Mount' Hbbron, p. c, Greene co., Ala. : 107 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. Mount Heron, p. o., Darke county, Ohio: 86 m. W. Columbus. Mount Hioeoey, p. c, Chattooga co., Ga. : 162 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Mount Hickoet, p. o.. Chambers county, AI^. : on an E. branch of Tallapoosa r., 66 m. N. E. by E. Montgomery. Mount Hill, p. o., Morgan co., Ala.: 134 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Mount Hill, p. o., Abbeville district, S. Car.: 73 m- W. N. W. Columbia. Mount Hilhard, p. o.. Pike county, Ala. : 43 m. S. E. Montgomery. Mount Holly, p. o., Union co., A/'k. ; 108 m. S. S. W. Little Rock. Mount Hollt, p. v., Randolph co., Ind. : about 3 m. 8. of Mississinewa river, and 2 m. W. of the Ohio line, 72 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. Mount Holly, p. v., and cap. Burlington co., A'; Jer. : on the N. branch of Rancocus cr., IG m. S. Trenton. It lies at the head of navigation, and contains a court-house and jail, an academy, a bank, several mills for making paper, woolens, etc., and about 1,500 inhabitants. Two weekly papers, the " New Jersey Mirror" (whig) and " Mount Holly Herald" (dem.), are published. A branch railroad, 6 ra. long, connects it with the Camden and Amboy E. R. at Burlington. Mount Holly, p. o., Warren county, Ohio: 71 m. S. W. Columbus. Mount IIollt, t. and p. o., Rutland co., Vfirm.: 51 ra. S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by Black r. of the Connecti- out, and Mill r., a branch of Otter cr. Surface elevated, in parts mountainous ; soil adapted to grazing, which is the leading interest, and furnishes for export large amounts of wool, beef, butter, and cheese. The Rutland and Burlington E. E. crosses the N. E. part. Mount Holly sta.. In the N. E., is 15 ra. 8. E. of Rutland. Pop. 1,534. Mount Holyoke, p. o., Henry co., Tejm. : OS m. W. by N. Nashville. Mount Hood, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of tho Coast Range, on the S. side of Columbia r., elevated about 12,000 feet abore the ocean. Mount Hope, p. o., Tyler county, T&a. : 209 m, E. by N. Austin City. Mount Hope, p. o., Lawrence co., Ala. : near the head of Town cr. of the Tennessee, 152 ra. N. N. W. Montgomery. Mount Hope, p. o., De Kalb co., Iiut: 127 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Mount Hope, p. o., Delaware co., la. : 54 m. N, Iowa City. Mount Hope, p. c, La Fayette co., Mo. : about 4 m. S. of the Missouri, ST m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Mount Hope, t and p. v., Orange county. A'! Y. : 92 m. S. S. W. Albany. Drained by Shawangunk cr. Surfjioe hilly and broken ; soil gravelly loam, and adapted to graz- ing; it is well timbered and supplied with water-power. Tanning and various manufactures are extensively prose- cuted. The village contains an academy and about 400 inhabitants. The Erie R. R. passes through the t. Pop. of the 1. 1,512. Mount Hope, p. o., M'Lean CO., JU. : 44 m. N. E. by N. Springfield, g^- MOU MOU Moo'T Hope, p. o., Holmes co., Ohio: 74 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Mount Hope, p. c, Lancaster co., Penn, : 37 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Here is a charcoal furnace of 1,450 tons capacity. MocNT Hope bay, R. J. : sels up Oom the N. E. comer of Narragansett bay, between Bristol and Tiverton, and receives the waters of Taunton river. MoLNT Hokeb, p. 0., Nelson co., Vt'rg. : at the E. base of the Blue Uidge, S4 m, W. by N. llichnioivd. Mount Ida, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co., Ark,: on Brushy fork of Washita r., T4 m. W. by S. Little Rock. It contains a court-house and a few stores and duellings. Mount Ida, p. o., Montgomery co., Ay. ; 57 ni. E. S. E. Frankfort. Mount Isabel, p. o., De Soto county, Jli^s. : 171 m. N. Jackson. Mount Israel, p. c, Albemarle co., Tirg. : near the line of the Virginia Central K. E., at the base of the Blue llidge, 78 m. W. N. W. Richmond. MoiTNT Jackson, p. v., Lawrence co., Penn. : on Hinkory cr., 194 ni. W. by N. Harrisburg. It is about 3 ni. W. of Mahoning river, and the Beaver and Erie Canal, and has good water-power on the cr. above and below it, where are several mills and factories. It has a valuable trade, and contains a number of large stores. Mount Jackson, p. o., Shenandoah co., Virg. : on the N. fork of Shenandoah r., 104 m. N. W. Kichmoud. Mount Jefferson, p. o., Chambers county, Ala. : 59 m. E. N. E. Montgomery. Mount Jefferson, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade Eange, in laL 44° 40', and long. 121° 32'. Mount Jefferson, Coos co., J^. Ilamp. : a N. peak of the While Mountains, in the S. part of Randolph, 5,S00 feet above the ocean level. Mount Jeffersox, p. o., Carroll co., Iml. : 57 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Mount Jot, t and p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 17 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Little Chiques aud Cone- wago creeks, which supply gooil mill-seats. Surface rolling ; soil gravelly loam of excellent quality, and well tilled. It has several flouriug-mills and other manufactures, and is fine grazing land. The Ilarrislmrg and Lancaster li. R. crosses it, and Mount Joy stjition is 12 m. W. of Lancaster, ropulalitm of L 2,620. Mount Kingston, p. o., Montgomery co.. Til, : about 4 m. W. of Shoal cr., -19 m. S. Springfield. Mount Kisko, p. o., "Westchester co., 2^, T. : 91 m. S. Albany. Mount Lafayette, Grafton co., 2^. Ilamp, : lies on E. line of Bethlehem and Franconia, and rises 4,723 feet above the ocean level. | Mount Langum, p. o., Iroquois co., III. : about 3 m. S. E. of thejunction of Kankakee aud Iroquois rivers, l^S m. N. E. Springfield. Mount Laurel, p. o., Halifax co., Tirg.: about 2 m. "\V. of Roanoke r., 83 m. W. S. "W. Richmond. Mount Laurel, p. v., Burlington county, Al Jer, : 2i} m. S. S. W. Trenton. Mount Lebanon, p. o., Claiborne par.. La. : about 5 m. E. of Bayou Dorcheat, 1S7 m. N. V*. by N. Baton Uougc. Mount Lebanon, p. o., Spartanburg dist., S, Car. : S7 m. N. W. by N. Columbia. Mount Level, p. o., Dinwiddle county, Yirg. : near the South Side R. It., 2S m. S. S. W. Richmond. Mount LujebtYj p. o., Marion co., IlL: 95 m. S. S. E. Springfield. Mount Libbety, p. v., Knox co., Ohio: 81 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Mount Lincoln, Hampshire co., JUV/w. ; lies in the N. part of i'elham, and is 1,'24S feet abovt; the ocean level. Mount Madison. Coos co., jV. JIamp.: a peak of the "White Mountains, 5,620 feet high above the ocean level. 516 Mount Maecy, Essex co., N. T. : lies in the S. part of Keene, and is the highest of the Adirondack group, being 5,467 feet ahove the ocean level. In the same t. are other peaks almost as high. Mount M'Intire, Essex county, 2^. Y.: a peak of the Adirondack group in Keene, has im elevation of 5,1S3 feet aboTc the ocean. Mount M'Laugiilin, Oreg. Ter. : a peak of the Cascade Range, in lat. 43° 36', long. 131^ 50'. Mount M'Mabtin, Essex county, 2^. T.: & peak of the Adirondack group in Keene, is about 5,000 feet above tide- water. MouN-T Meigs, p. o., Montgomery co., Ala. : about 4 m. S. of Tallapoosa r,, 13 m. E. Montgomery. Mount Meridian, p. v., Putnam co., Ind. : on Deej) cr., 34 m.W. by S. Indianapolis. A plank-road conuecls it with the New Albany and Salem R. R. Mount Meridian, p. o., Augusta cn.^Tirg. : on the base of the Blue Ridge, S4 m. "W. !S. \V. Riehnwnd. Mount Metawampe, Hampshire co.. Miiss.: lies on Uie E. side of Connecticut r., opposite Sugar-loaf Mountain, and between Sunderland and Leveretl. It is about 1.100 feet high, and wooded to the summit, which commands a more extensive but less beautiful view than Holyoke. At its base are "Sunderland Cave," and the "Roaring Brook."' Moi'NT Monroe, Coos co.. Al Ilamp.: a peak of the White Mountains, 5,510 feet above tide-water. Mount Moriau, p. o., Hempstead co., ArA: : on a S. afflu- ent of Little Missouri r., 95 m. S. W. Little Rock. Mount Moiuah, p. o., Mecklenburg co., A'. Car.: 117 m. W. by S. Raleigh. Mount Mouiaji, p. o.. Brown county, Ind. : 42 ra. S. Indianapohs. Mount Morne, p. o., Pike county, Ga.: 74 miles W. Milledgeville. Mount Morris, Essex coimty, 2^. Y.: a peak of the Adirondack group, 4,576 feet above the ocean level. Mount Morris, p. v., Ogle co., lU. : on Pine cr. of Rock river, 159 m. N. Springfield. It contains a flourishing sem- inary, several manufactories of farming and mechanical im- pleminls,:ind 6(Mt inhabitants. The "M. M. Gazette" (whig) is publislifd wtckly. Mount Morris, t. and p. v., Livingston co., Al Y. ; 21S m. W. Albany. Drained by Genesee r. and its branch, Casha- qua cr., which supply abundant water-jtower. Surface va- ried: portions are high table land; soil clayey luam, and \'cry productive of wheaL It is a superior farming t, with extensive and valuable manufactories of flour, woolen goods, leather, iron castings, etc The village, half a mile E. of the Genesee, has excellent water-power obiaincd from (bo r. by a dam and raceway, and a favorable locatipulation of t. 4,531. Mount Morris, p. v., Greene co., Penn.: on Dunkard's cr. of the Monongahela, 16S m. W. by S. Harrisburg. It lies on the I7/•f;^H((* line, and contains several mills. Mount Mourne, p. o., Iredell county, A^. Car.: 115 ra. W. by S. Raleigh. Mount Nebo, p. o., Lancaster co., PenJi.: 46 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Mount Nebo, p. o., Yadkin co., A1 Car. : 129 m.W. N.W. Raleigh. Mount Nilf.5, p. o., St. Clair co., Ala. : on Canoe cr. of Cy; is, next to Moimt Holy- oke, (he highest ff the chain, having an elevation of 800 feet, and cotnrnands a fine view N. anUNT PiNSON, p. 0., Jefferson co., Ala. : SS m. N. by W. Montgomery. Mount Pinson, p. o., Jackson co., Ari: : S5 m. N. E. by N. Little Rook. Mount Pinson, p. o., Madison co., Temu : 124 m. W. by S. Nasbville. MtiUNT PiscAn, p. 0., Alexander county, K. Cit(il: Greenville. MunLENEURG, p. o., Luzcmo CO., Penn. : 34 m. N. N. E, Harrisburg. MuKivK, p. 0., Washington co., Wise: 69 m. E. by N. Madison. Mukwa, p. v., and cap. Waupaca co., Wise. : on Wolf r., near the confluence of Waupaca r., 92 m. N. by E. Madison. It is a well located and growing v. in a newly- organized county. MuinvANAGO, t, and p. o., Waukesha co., Wise: 56 m. E. by S. Madison. Drained by affluents of Fox r. Surface level, and soil adapted to grain. The Milwaukie and Mississippi R. R. passes through the N. W. corner. Popu- lation 1.094. MuLUERRT, p. o., Autauga co., Ala,: 23 m. W. by N. Montgomery. MuLisERRY, p. 0., Jackson co., Ga.: 79 m. N. N. W. Milledgevllle. MuLUERRY, p. 0., Wilkes co., K Car.: 139 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. MuLUERRY, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : 84 m. S. W. by W. Columbus. Mulberry, p. o., Lincoln co., Tenn. : oa a branch of ElJc r.. 63 m. 8. by E. NashviUe. Mulberry, river, Ala.: a large W. branch of the Black Warrior, rises in the N. part of Blount county, flows nearly parallel to the main stream in a S. W. course for S5 miles, and empties into it on the W. line of Jefferson county. It crosses a region rich in deposits of coal. Mulberry Corners, p. v., Geauga co., Ohio : 133 m. N. E. Columbus. Mulberry Gap, p. o.. Hancock co., Tenn. : about 3 m. S. of Powell's r., 199 m. E. by N. Nashville. Mulberry Grove, p. a, Harris co., Ga. .* about 6 m, E. of Chattahoochee r., HI m. W. by S. MUiedgeville. 519 MUL MUR Mulberry Grove, p. o., Bond co., III. : about 3 m. W. o* Hurricane cr., 63 m. S. S. K. Sprinsfield. MuLUERRT Grove, p. o., Hopkins couuly, Ey. : 163 m. V. S. \V. Frankfurt, Mull Grove, p. o., Lincoln county, 2>f. Car. : 152 m. W by S. llaleigh. MuLLiCAS (or LriTLE Egg Harbor) river, K, Jer. : rises among the heads of liancocus cr., and flows S. E. between Burlinglon and Atlantic counties, into Great Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Vessels of 60 tons can ascend it 20 miles. MuLLico UiLL, p. v., Gloucester counly, N. Jet:: on Eaccoon cr., 41 m. S. W. Trenton. It contains several Btores, and about 500 inhabitants. MuLLi^-OAB, p. o., "Warren co., Penn. : 168 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Mullot's, p. 0., Eobertson co., Term. : 26 m. N. by "W. Nashville. MuLTONOMAH island, Oreg. Ter. : lies in Columbia r., and extends 15 m. down the r., from llie mouth of the Willamette, var>ing in width from 1 to '2 miles. MuMFORD, p. v., Monroe co., ^V: Y.: 212 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains several stores and mills, and 800 inhabitants. MuKCTBTOWN, p. V., and cap. Delaware co., /n^. ; on the B. side of White r., -tS m. N. E. by E. Indianajiolis. It is regularly built on elevated ground, and has a heavy trade in the products of a rich grain region. It contains a court- house and jail, an academy, 20 stores, and 1,000 inhabitants. Two newspapers, the *' Whig Banner"' and *' Munciet<.>nian," are published weekly. It is on the Indianapolis and Belle- fontaine R. E., IS ra. E. of Andersontown, and will be intersected by the Fort Wayne and Southern R. R. ML'^'CT, p. b., Lycoming co., I'enn. : about 1 m. E. of the Susquehanna, and S. of Muney or., 64 m. N. Harrisburg. It is largely engaged in the lumber trade, and contains a dozen stores, and 910 inhabitants. The W. branch division of the Pennsylvania Canal passes it 24 m. N. of Northum- berland. The " M. Luminary" (whig) is issued here weekly. The t. is Muncy Creek, and has a hilly surface and clayey soil; drained by Big and Little Muncy creeks. It is well timbered, and contains several woolen factories. MuNDY, t. and p. o., Genesee co., Mich. : 45 m. E. by N. Lansing. Drained by Swartz's cr. and other S. affluents of Fhnt r., which supply good water-power. Surface rolling; soil sandy loam, in parts covered with pine. Pop. 7S6. MuNFORDSviLLE, p. V., and cap. Hart co., Ky. : on the N. Bide of Green r., 79 m. S. W. Frankfort. It has a valuable trade in corn and tobacco, and contains a coorlrhouse and jail, several stores, and 350 inhabitants. Mo'Ger's Mills, p. o., Shannon co., Mo. : 9S m. S. E. by S. Jefferson City. MuNGO Pare, p. o., Washington co., Penn. : 184 m, W. Harrisburg. MuNNsviLLE, p. v., MadisoH CO., 2r. T. : on Oneida cr., 9S m. W. by N. Albany. It contains a flouring mill, several stores, and 400 inhabitants. MuNNTOWN, p. v., Washington co., Penn. : 16S m. W. Harrisburg. MoNNviLLE, p. v., Coshocton CO., OJdo: 63 m. E. N. E. Columbus. MuNsoNviLLE, Putuam county, Flor. : 168 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. MuNsoNviLLE, p. V., Cheshire county, 2^. ITamp. : 33 m. W. S. W. Concord. MtiRAT, p. 0., Paulding co., OJdo: 118 m. N. W. by W. Columbus. Mur.DocKSviLLE, p. T., Washington co., Perm. : 176 m. W. Harrisburg. Murfee's Dep6t, p. 0., Southampton co., Vlrff.: 52 m. S. S. E. Richmond. MuRFREESBORo', p. V., Pike CO., Af'k'. : on the E. side of Hickorj- cr. of LitUe Missouri r., 97 m. S. W. by W. Little Bock. 620 MuRKREESBORo', p. V., Hertford co., 2i. Car.: on the S. side of Meherrin r., 93 m. E. N. E. Raleigh. It contains an acaiiemy and several stores, and has a large trade in lumber. MuKFREESBORo',p. b., and cap. Rutherford co,, Tenn.: on a branch of Stone r., 2S m. S. E, Nashville. It is well laid out on an eminence overlooking a verj' fertile region of corn and tobacco land, and is neatly built, mostly with brick. It was formerly the capital of the State ; and has a heavy trade in tlic products of a large and highly cultivated district. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, an academy, college, many large stores and warehouses, and about 2,000 inhal)- itanls. Union College was founded here, in 1S4S, and in 1S50 had 5 instructors, 6 alumni, 100 students, and 2,0u0 volumes in its librarj'. The " R. Telegraph" (whig), and '' Circle of Honor" (temp.), are published weekly. It is on the Nash\ ille and Chattanooga R. R., 32 m. from Nashville. Murfhey, p. v., and cap. Cherokee co., A'. Car. : at Iho confluence of Valley and lliwassee rivers, 318 m. W. by 9. Raleigh. It lies in a valley, with a superior farming district around it, and several tliriving manufactories in the vicinity. It contains a court-house and jail, an academy, and 400 inhabitants. The "■ Cherokee Sentinel'' is published weekly. MuRPirREE*8 Valley, p. o., Blount co., Ala. : 107 m. N. Montgomery. MuEPnv's, p. 0., Calaveras co., Calif. : on Stanislaus r., 94 m. E. by 8. Vallejo. MuRpaiSBOEOUGH, p. v., aud cap. Jackson co., III.: on the right bank of Big Muddy r., 143 m. S. by E. Spring- fleld. It has a valuable trade, and ships large quantities of grain down the r. It contains a court-house and jail, several stores and warehouses, and 500 inhabitcnts. MuRPUYSviLLE, p. v., Mason co., Ky. : on an E. branch of Licking r, G7 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. Murray county, Ga. Situate N. W., and contains 556 sq. m. Drained by Coosawatte and Connasauga rivers, head waters of the Coosa. Surface much broken by ranges of hills and mountain spurs, but finely diversified with valleys of good size and great fertility. Corn is the largest product; wheat of excellent quality and some cotton arc grown. Superior grazing abounds, fine dairies are kept, and wool is sheared largely. The streams furnisli many mill-seats, which are fast being occupied with flourishing manufactories. Iron ore is found, and valuable mineral springs. Farms 1,034; manuf. 25; dwell. 2,047, and pop.— wh. 12,492, fr. col. 11, 6l. 1,930— total, 14,433. Capital: Spring Place. PuUio Works: East Tennessee and Georgia R. R., and Western and Atlantic R. R. Murray, p, o.. Wells co., Ind. : 7S m. N. E. Indianapolis. Murray, p. v., Callaway co., Ky.: on the E. siilo of Clark's r., 213 m. S. W. by W. Frankfort It was for a time the capital of the county, and contains several stores, and 200 inhabitants, Murray, t. and p. o., Orleans co., AT. Y. : 10 m. S. of Lake Ontario, 22S m. W. byN. Albany. Drained by Sandy and Little Salmon creeks flowing intothelake, which furnish good mill-seats. Surface nearly level; soil fertile. It is a flne grazing t., with several thriving manufacturhig villages in it. The Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. E. and Erie Canal pass through it. Murray sta. is 25 m. W. of Rochester. Pop. 2,520. Murray's Ferry, p. o., Williamsburg dist.,^. Car. : 66 m. E. S. E. Columbia, McKRAYSviLLE, p. v., Jackson CO., Virg, : on the Ohio r., 25S ra. W. N. W. Richmond. It occupies a narrow tongue, with the r. on the N. and S., aud is engaged in Iwat-building. Murrill'8 Shop, p. o.. Nelson co., Virg. : 74 m. W. by N. Richmond. Mukrissvixle, p. v., Butler co., Penn. : 16S m. W. K, W. Harrisburg. Murrvsville, p. v., Westmoreland co., Petm. : on an E, branch of the Monongahela, 144 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It contains several stores and a woolen factory. MCS NAG Muscatine county, la. Situate S. E., ami contains 441 Bq. ni. Bounded S. E. by the Mississippi, and drained by Cedar r.and its brancties. Surface rolling; soil very fertile. Corn, wbcal, oats, and potatoes, are excellent crops. It is a very fine fanning county, and almost as good for grazing. The streams afford abundant water-power, and the iucation is very fuvoraljle for commerce, malcing it tbe thoroughfare of the immigration and tran:*porIalinn of a large back country. Farms 460; raanuf. 19; dwell. 999, and pop. — wh. 5,663, fr. col. OS— total 5,731. Cupital: Muscatine. Muscatine (formerly Eloomington), p. v., and cap. Mus- catine cii., la. : on the Mississippi, 33 miles below Daven- port, 31 m. S. E. by E. Iowa City. It has an excellent steamboat landing, and is a large commercial place, being the shipping port of the rich district between Iowa City and the MiSvSissi|}pi, the trade of which it mostly commands. It has advaiilagi.-s for trade and commerce which must make it a place of great wealth and importance. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 academies, several handsome churchoe, numerous large stures and warehouses, and 2,534 inlmbi- tanis. Two weekly papers are published— the " Democratic Inquirer" and " M. Journal." MuscoDA, p. o., Grant co., Wise: on the S. side of 'Wis- consin r., 54 m. W. by N. Madison. MuscoGEF, county, Ga. Situate middle on W. line, and contains 3T6 sq. m. Drained by Upatoi cr. and smaller tributaries of Uie Chattahoochee, which forms the W. bound- ary. Surface diversified; soil exceedingly fertile on the large streams, and generally of good quality. Cotton is the staple. Corn is a fine crop, and good wheat is grown. "Water-power in abundance is furnished by the falls of the Chattahoochee, and large manufactories of cotton and wrmed bythe union at Coshocton of Walhonding and Tuscarawas rivers, which rise in the S. part of the Connecticut Reserve, flows about 120 m. in a S. E. course, and empties into the Ohio at Marietta. It is 225 yards wide at the mouth, and by means of lucks, dams, and short canals is navigable 96 m. to Dresden. The Ohio Canal here connects with it by a side cut, and proceeds up the valley of the Tuscarawas, and the Wallminling Canal follows the other constitutent, diverging from the former at Iloseoe. Tho numerous falls of the river alTord almost un- limited water-power. Mustang, p. o., Lavaca county, Ter. : 76 m. S. S. E. Austin City. Mutual, p. o., Champaign co., Ohio: 46 m. W. by N. Columbus, Mtatte, p. o., Fulton co., Ark. : on a creek so called, a N. affluent of Spring r., 113 m. N. by E. Little Rock. MvERSBURG, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. ; 9S m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Myeestown, p. v., Lebanon co.. Ptrnv. : on Tulpehoeken cr. and the Union Canal, 31 m. E. by N. Ilarrisburg. The "M. Gazette" (dem.) is published weekly. Pop. 4n0. Mterstille, p. v., Frederick county, Md. : 67 m. N. W. Annapolis. Myers' Mills, p. o., Vermillion co., 77?..* on the N. fork of Big Vermillion r., 109 m. E. by N. Springfli-hi. Mveick's, sta., Bristol co., Mass. : on the Fall River R. R. and New Berd. The v. lies on both sides of the river, which is spanned by a toll bridge, and is navigable for vessels of 400 tons burden. Ship-building and the coasting an*ta, p. o. and sta., "Wayiie co., y. Car. : on Wjl- mingion and Weldon E. E., 10 m. N. Goldsboro', 42 m. E. S. E. Kaleigh. Nail Factoky, p. o., Gaston county, iK Car. : 138 m. W. S. W. Ealeigh. Naikn, p. o., Scioto CO., Ohio: 75 m. S. by E. Columbus. Namautun, p. o., Marquette co., Wise. : 55 m. N. by E. Madison. NA.MASKET river, Bristol co., Mass. : unites with Bridge- water r. in Taunton. Namedin lake. La Poinle co., TTmo. .• one of the sources of Bad r., 24 m. S. S. W. from its entrance into Lake Superior. Namekegon river. La Pointe co., Wise. : rises in Nidjikwe lake, drains S. part of La Pointe county, and is a head branch of Su Croix river. NA.MOZIXE, p. o., Amelia CO., Tirg.: on Namozino cr., 27 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. Nanafalia, p. v., Marengo Co., Ala. : on the E. side of Tombigbce r., 1 m. from the bluff and landing, 99 m. W. by S. Montgomery. Nancemost, p. 0., Cass co., JV. : 24 m. N. TV. by W. Springfield. Nanjemot, p. v., Charles co., 3/45, is occupied by man- ufacturers of steam-engines, machinists' tools, locks, guns, axes, etc., and here several hundred men are employed. The "Nashua Iron Company," established in 1S4S, have a capital of $100,000, and employ 00 men ; they use 8,600 tons coal yearly; their sales are $175,000. Baldwin's factory of shuttles and spool bobbins employs 120 men; yearly sales, $100,000. There are other large factories, founilries of stoves, large iron castings, etc. Summary of N. cotton man- ufactures: no. of spindles, 49,094; looms. 1,488; male ope- ratives, WO: females. 1,200 ; yards manufactured, 18,000,000; capital invested, $1,480,000. The total capital invested in factories in N. is about $2,000,000; male operatives, 1,000; females, 1.300. The Nashua and Jackson companies each have a savings institution for their employees. I'our rail- roads connect N. with the large towns af Mississippi r., $7 m. S. W. by W. Jackson. Lat. N. 3P 34'. long, W. 9P 24' 42". This is the principal city in Mississippi, its importance arising from its being the. depGt of cotton from the fine lands around ll and in the interior, and being also the main enfrepfii of the inlernrd comiTierce of the State. By the river it is 3i>9 m. from New-Orleans, but in a du-ect line 127 ra. N. W. by N. A part of the city is built at the landing on the margin of the river, but this chiefly consists of warehouses, stores, etc.. while the larger and more agreeable portion is on a bluff, 200 feet above the levcd of the river. This part, though uneven in surface, is regularly laid out with broad streets, crossing at r=ght angles. Many of Ihe houses, though built plainly of wood, present an elegant appfarance, having piazzas and balconies, sur- rounded with trees, beautiful shrubbery, etc. Its elevated site affords a fine view of the river and vicinity. It contains the court-house and jail, a hospital, orphan asylum, acade- mies, several churches, etc. Here are oil-mills, manufac- turi[ig oil Imm cotton-seed. Two newspapers, the " N. Courier" (whig), and"N. Free Trader" (dem.), are each published semi-weekly and weekly. Pop. .5.239. Natchez, p. v., Martin cu., Inlis, p. o., Uendersou county, Term,: 9G m. E. S. E. Nashville. Nksaquake river, Suffolk co., JV. Y. : rises in Smithtowm, runs N., dividing the I. into Long Island Sound, is navigable & niiles Nkscopeck, t. and p. v., Luzerne co., Ptmn. : on the S.W. side of the Susquehanna r., 01 m. N. N. K. llarrisbiirg. The surface is uneven, with goud bollotn-lands <>n the streams. Tlie t. is drained l)y Ilig autl Little WapwoiJnprn and Ncs- copeck creeks. The v. is at the entrance of Nescopeck cr. into the Susquehanna, which is here crossed by an expensive roof.-d briilge, 1,256 feet long. Ni:8coi'F.cK mounlain, Lvizerne co., T'^jjh.: this mountain is parallel to Wjouiing Mountain, 20 ra. long, SOU feet high, aii'l >>n N. siiie of Nescopeck er. Nk-uaminc. river. Po;i?). .■ rises in llilUown, Bucks co.. and nfler a witiding course of 35 m., chiefly S. 1'., cuiptics into Delaware r., a m. below Bristol. Nk«ikoro, p. 0., Marquette co.. Wise. : 53 m. N. by E. Madison. Ni:snoBA county, Misft. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains ''IS sq. m. Drained by Pearl r. and its branches, ami other stn:dl streams. Surface level; soil, black calcareous raoUI, fertile, auil adapted to cotton, which is the staple. Giiod crops of grain are raised, ami tobacco is produced in Bome quantity. Farms 4'iC ; maiiuf. 0; dwell. 545, and pop,— wh. 3,893, fr. col. 0, si. 1,.335— total 4.T2S. Capital: I'hihuUlphin. NtsQiTALLV, p. o., Lewis CO., Oreg. Ter. : on E. side of Pugei Sovmd. 146 ra. N. by E. Salem. This settlement is mainly o^'cupied by tho " Puirel's Sound Agricidlural Com- pany,*' whieli supplies provisions to the Ilutlsou Bay Compa- ny's employees W.of tho ini'Uutains, arul has here very ex- tensive and highly cultivated farms; as also on tho Cowlitz r. Nr^quai.i.v river. Oi-eg, Ter. : a con-iiderable stream, emptying into a S. estuary of Puget's Sound, flowing in duo W. eovn-ai^ (Vom its source in tlie mountains. Nksqi^kmonisg, p. o.. Carbon co., Penn. : on the S. side S2S of Broad Mountain, C6 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Near by arc extensive coal-mines. NiaroiiviLLE, p. o., Barbour co., Virg.: 1~4 m. N "W. Kichmond. Nktukrland, p. o., Overton co., Tenn. : &4 m. E. by N Nashville. NfrruEU PitoviDENrE, t. and p. v., Delaware co., Penn, : S8 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. Drained by llidley cr. on tho W., ani! Cram er. on its E. boundary, br»th emptying Into the Delaware river. The surface is level; soil rich and productive clay, and well tilled. It contains several mills antl slt»res. Nkitlk Caiiieu, p. o., Overton CO., Tenri. : SO m. E. by N. Nashville. Nkitlf. Lake, p. o., Williams co., Ohio: 140 ni. N. W. Columbus. Neusk river, JV". Oar.: rises in Person and Orange counties, flows in a course mainly E. by S., about 200 m., and empties by a broad estuary into I'andico Sound. Nkvada county, Calif. Situate on E. line of State, in lat. 39° 2o', and chiefly occupied by the Sierra Nevada. Drained by numerous allhienls of Yuba river, which rims on its N. bonliT, ami by Bear creek and N. fork of American river. Surface mountainous, with extensive valleys. Gold is tho chief product; but there are many localities suitable for farms. Pop. 21.805, of which 3,2GG are Indians, and 4,609 foreigners. CyipHnl : Nevada City. Nevada, p. o., Greeno county, Wise: 82 m. S. by "W. Madison. Nevada City, p. v., and cap. Nevada co., Calif.: 117 ra. N. E. Y allejo. Situate between Deer cr. and Barlow's creek of Yulia r. Neversixk, t. anil p. o., Sullivan co., K.Y.: 65 ra. S. S. "W. Albany. Surfaec hilly and moimtainous; soil adapted to grazing. Drained by Neversink r., Koundout and Beaver creeks. Pop. 2,2Sl. Nf.veusink river, K. Y.: rises In N. W. part of Ulster CO., runs S. through E, i)ortion of Sullivan co.,and empties inlo Delaware r., at Port Jervis. Upon its banks are numerous tanneries and suw-raills. Nkvii.i-e, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: on Ohio r., 93 m. S. AV. by S. Columbus. Nkvin, p. 0., Highland county, Ohio: 60 m. 'S. S. W Columbus. Ni:visiNK Highlands, Monmouth co., Al Jer.: on the Athmtic coast, in t. of Middletown, 300 to 400 feel high, covered with trees, are a well-known land-mark for sailors. Nevisin'K river. Monmouth co.,A'i Jer.: flowing between towns of Miildletfjwn and Shrewsbury, in N. E. direction, with wide estuary into Sandy Hook bay. Nkwagoex cape, JA'. : an island, extending belnw t. of Boothboy inlo the sea, forming E. boundary of Sheepscot bay, 40 m. S. by E. Augusta. Newago county, Mich. Situate "SV. on the S. peninsula, and c'mlainsS64sq. m. Drained by Muskegon, White, and Nnlipicago rivers. Surface level; s<(i! generally deep and ferlile. Farms ; inanuf. 12 ; dwell. 92, and i)op.— wh. 509, tc. col. 1— total 510. Capital : Newago. Newago, I. and p. o., Newago co., J/tcA. .■ 7G ra. N. "W. Lansing. Drained by Maskegon r. and its branches. New Au(Anv, p. v., Mahoning county, Ohio: on Liltlo Beaver cr., 123 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. New ALnANY, p. city, and cap. Floyd co., Ind.: on Ohio r.. 100 m. S. by E. Indianapolis, 4 ni. N. "W. Louisville. This city, which is now the largest in the State, was laid out in 1813. It is !)eautifully nituated, has wide streets, parallel to Ihe r.. which are crossed at right amrles by others. The largest business islh-itof building and ri[iairing steam- boats and other vessels, which employ several hundred men. There are large iron foundries, machine shops, and factories. TIio New Albany and Salem R. K. is now com- pleted to Juliet, 05 miles, and will be otntinued to Chicago. A brisk trade is carried on with tho interior and the valleys NEW NEW of (he Ohio aud Mississippi. The Stalo Ennic uf Iiuliana Itris hero a branch. There are 9 cliurclies and a lycfuin. Tlie academies and schools are well conducted, and much allcntroa is generally given to education. Two newspapers ore published, each daily and weekly— tlic '• Ledger'' (dcm.) nn.I " Bulletin" (whig). Pop. 0,TSr>. Xkw Albanv, p. v., Pontoluc co., 3ftss. : on Tallahatchee r., lo7 m. N. N. E. Jaclvson. Nkw Albany, Linn co., Ot'eg. Tnr. S''e Albany, Oreg. New Albany, p. v.. Bradford co., Venn. : 92 m. N. byE. Harrisburg. New Albion, t and p. o., Catlaraugas co., K, Y. : 240 m. W. by S. Albany. The Erie E. K. passes through the town. Top. 1,63S. New Alexander, p. o., Columbiana co., Ohio: 125 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. New Alexandria, p. v., Jefferson couutj', Ohio: 121 m. E. by N. Columbus. New Alexandkia, p. v., "Westmoreland co., Pcnn.: on the K. side of Loyalhanna r., 130 in. "W". Ilarrisburg. New Alsace, p. o., Dearborn county, lad. : SO in. S. E. Indianaj)oIis. New AisTEAD, p. o., Cheshire co., iV". Uamp. : on S. side of Cold r.. 33 ni. W. S. W. Concord. New Amsterdam, p. v., Harrison co., Ind. : on Ohio r., near mouth of Indian cr., ll;i in. S. Indiannpniis. New Antioch, p. v., Clinton county, Ohio: 54 m. S. W. Columbus. Newark, p. v.. New Castle co., Def. : on the N. side of Christiana cr., 37 m. N. N. "\V. Dover. The Philadelphia and Baltimore R. K. passes through the v., 40 m. from Phil- adelphia, and 5'$ m. from Baltimore. Is a pleasant village, and the seat of Delaware College, founded 1SJ3. In V6b^ it had o professors, 7S ahuuni, 30 sludrnls. Newark, p. v., Linn county, la. : N. side Cedar r., 20 ra. N. by W. Iowa City. Newark, p. v., Kendall co., ///. ; on the S. E. side of Fox r., 136 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. Newark, p. o., Warrick co., Jnd. : near Big Pigeon cr., on line of Wabash and Erie Canal, 130 miles iS. S. "W. Indianapolis. Newark, p. v., Worcester county, Md.: on a creek of Sinepuxent bay, SS m. S. E. Annapolis. Newark, t. and p. v., liock county, Wi^c. : 41 m. S. by E. Madison. Pop. 795. Newark, p. v., Knox county, Mo. : on N. side of South Fabius r., 100 m. N. Jeflferson City. Newark, t., p. city, port of entry, and cap. Essex co.^K. J. : on W. bank of Passaic r., 3 m. above its entrance into N«t\'- arkBay,47m.N. E.Trenton,9m W.New York. Lat.4u0 45' N., long. 74° 10' W. This is the most populous and flour- ishing place in the Stale. It is pleasantly located on a fany with pure water from a spring 2 m. distant, conveyed through iron pipes. The court-house, which occupies a commanding position in the W. part of the city, is a large and elegant building of brown freestone, in the Egyptian style of architecture. The railroad dop6t is also a splendid structure of freestone. There are 3o churches, of which several are very fine speci- mens of architecture ; and 3 literary associations — 1 has a U- brary of 8,000 volumes. The N. AVesIeyan Institute is the principal seminary. Newark is very extensively engaged in manufactures. The principal articles made are the va- rious fabrics of leather anil India rubber, carriages, wagons, railroad cars, machinery, jewelry, paper hangings, cutlery, soap, candles, etc. The extensive paint factory of the N. J. Zinc Company daily manufactures leu tons of paint. The T3 commerce of N. is considerable and steadily increasing. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of light draft. A fine passenger steamboal plies twice daUy to New York. On June 30th, IS50, the total tonnage of N. district was 6,629 tons, of which 7S tons were registered, and G.551 tons enrolled and licensed; 1,227 tons were employed in steam navigation; 6,406 tons were in the coasting trade. During the year ending June 30th, 1S50, there were 11 clearances fur foreign countries, having 1,131 tons, 62 men; number of entrances from foreign countries (all foreign vessels), was 17, having 1,601 tons, 95 men. There are 4 banks with $1,S00,0U0 capital. Tfiree newspapers are published daily, " Advertiser" (whig), '* Mercury" (whig), ''Eagle" (dem.); two weekly, " Sentinel of Freedom" (whig), '* Eagle" (dein.) Tlie New Jersey K. li. affords constant communication with New York, the trains running each way every lialf hour. Yerj' many persons doing business in New York have here their permanent residences. The Morris Canal passes through the city. The Morris and Essex R. K. here termi- nates, connecting with New Jersey It. R. Pup. in 1S30, 10,953; in 1840,17,290; in 1850, 3S,S94. Newark, p. v., Wayne co., iV. Y.: on tlie Erie Canal, 176 m. W. by N. Albany. Contains several churches, stores, and factories. Newark, I., p. v., and cap. Licking co., Ohio: situate at tlie continence of tliree principal branches of Licking r., 33 m. E. by N. Columbus, with which il is connected by the Central Ohio R. R. It is also connected with Sandusky by railroad, and is a station of tlie Ohio and Erie Canal. Be- sides a court-house and jail, it contains several churches and academies. Three newspapers are published weolvly, "Advocate" (dem.), '"Gazette" (whig). "Licking Herald" (deni.)— the latter publish semi-weekly editions. Pop of v. 3,778, of t, 5,006. Newark, p. o.. White county, Tenn,: 75 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Newark, t. and p. o., Caledonia co,, Verm. : 45 m. N. E. Montpelier. Drained by head waters of Passumpsic river. Pop. 4;M. Newark, p. v., Wirt co.,F/r(7. * 232 ra. N. W. Riclunond. Newark Valley, p. v., Tioga county, K. Y. : 132 m. W^. S. W. Albany, on E. Owego or., in I. of Newark. Pop, of t. 1,983. New Asuford, t. and p. o., Berkshire co., J/f^.v. ; 112 ra. W. by N. Boston. Drained by head branches of Green and Housatonic rivers. Surface mountainous; soil .adapted to grazing. Considerable attention is given to raising of sheep, A variegated marble is quarried in this t. Pop. of t. 1S6. 'New Atuens, p. v., Harrison co., Ohio: 104 m. E. by N. Columbus. Pop. 331. Seat of Franklin College, founded 1825. In 1S50 il had 4 professors, 90 alumni, 80 students, 2,200 vols, in library. New Athens, p. v., Clarion co., Peiiii. : 145 m. W. N.W Harrisburg. New BABn-ON, p. o.. Paulding county, Gu.: 124 miles N. "W. by W. Milledgeville. New Baltimore, t. and p. v., Greene co., N. Y. : W. side Hudson r., 15 m. S. Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; soil elay and sandy loam, well drained. The v. has a conve- nient steamboat landing, and contains some brick-yiirds. A ship canal from this i)Iace to Albany has been chartered by the legislature of 1853. Pop. of t. 2,381. New Baltimore, p. v.. Stark co., Ohio: 111 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a creek of Cuyahoga river. New Baltimore, p. v. Fauquier county, Vifg.: S7 m. N. by W. Richmond. New Bavaria, p. o., Henry county, Ohio: lOS miles N. W. by N. Columbus. New Bedford, p. city, port of cntrj', and semi-cap. Bristol CO., Mam. : on W. bank of Acushnet r., 4 m. from its entrance into Buzzard's bay. 51 m. S. by E. Boston. Lut. N. 4lo 38' 7" ; long. W. 70° 55' 49". The liarbor is spacious, safe, and deep. The site of the city rises rapidly from the 529 NEW NEW river, and being thus built upon a bold elevation, regularly laid out, and having many fine buildings, it prcscula a very comnianditig and bcaulifal apiicaranoe. The principal public buildings are the town hall, custom-house, court- house, and some handsome churches. The town hall, built of gr.anite, 100 feet long, CI feet wide, 3 stories high, at a cost of ):CO,000, is justly regarded OS one of the handsomest town halls in New England. The custom-house, also of granite, presents a very fine appearance. Much attention is given to general education in the public sciioots. The Friends' academy for young ladies is a handsome structure, with beautiful grounds. The Social Lil)rary contains over 4,000 volumes. Two newspapers are published daily; " Mercury" (whig) and " Evening Standard ;" 3 weekly : " Mercury," " Standard," and " 'Whaleraan's Sliipping List ;" 1 monthly: "Golden Age" (lit.). The New Bedford and Taunton P.. U. runs hence, 81 m. to Mansfield sta., on Bos- ton and I'rovidenco E. R. A .steamboat plies daily to Nanlucket. There are 4 banks (capital ^1,900,000.) This is one of tlie wealthiest cities in America in proportion to its population, and has derived its wealth mainly fi-om the whale fishery. At present two-thirds of the total tonnage of IT. S. vessels in the whale fishery belong to this port. The principal business in tlie city is connected with the whale fisheries, in receiving the oil and bone, and preparing them for market The quantity of sperm oil brought to tho port in 1S49, was 46,.333 barrels, whale oil Ti.fltil barrels, ami whalebone 197,300 lbs. About 30 manufactories of oil and candles are in constant operation. The cooperage business employs a great number of hands. A very large steam cordage factory (capital $(iO,00()), manufaclures 400 tons of cordage annually. Other large manufactories are devoted to making u-on hoops, copper and iron riveLs, butt hinges, etc. Here also is a manufactory of Prussian-blue, and some print-works. Ship-building and rep.amng is carried on ex- tensively. The N. B. Railway and "Wharf Co. (cap. $50,000) use a marine railwity at their ship-yard, which is of mueli service in speedily raising small vessels to be repaired. On 80th June, 1S50, the total tonnage of New Bedford district ■was 127,960 tons, of which 119,026 were registered, and 8,934 enrolled and licensed. Of tlie registered tonnage, 11G,8S2 tons were permanent, 2,144 temporary ; 90,420 tons were in the whale fishery. Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage, S,444 tons were permanent, 7,949 tons were in the coasting trade, 151 in the cod fishery, 344 in the mackerel fishery, 5S tons propelled by steam. The tonnage licensed (under 20 tons) in the coasting trade was 253 tons ; in the cod fishery, 232 tons. During tho year ending June 30lh, 1S50, the number of clearances for foreign countries was IIS— 82,02T tons ; entrances from do. 134—33,164 tons. Vessels built, 2 ships and 2 schooners— 781 tons. Pop. in 1830, 7,592 ; in 1840, 12,087 ; in 1850, 10,464. New Bedfoed, p. v., Coshocton county, Ohio: 70 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. New Bedfobd, p. v., Lawrence county, Penn. : near the Ohio State line, 190 m. W. N. W. llarri»burg. New Bep.i.is, t. and p. v., Chenango eo., AT T. .' on W. side of Unadilla r., 84 m. W. by S. Albany. Surface of t. undulating; soil moist clay loam. Tlie v. contains several cluirclies, mills, and foctorics. Pop. of t. 2,602. New Beulin, p. v., Stark CO., Oliio : 100 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. New Beclin, t., p. v., and cap. L'nion eo.. Pain.: on the N. side of Penn's cr., 43 m. N. by W. Uarrisburg. It con- tains the court-house, jail, several stores and manufactories. Five newspapers are pul)lislied weekly; the " Evangelical Messenger" (rclig.), "Union Democrat" (whig), "Union Times" (i-ss. : on Worcester and Nashua E. K., IS m. from Worcester. New Boston, L and p. o., Ilillsborough co., A' ITiunp. : on S. branch of Piscataquog r.. 20 m. S. S. W. Concord. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. Contains numerous mills, and 2 cinirches. Pop, 1,470. New Brajntp.f.e, t, and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 54 m. W. Boston. Drained by numerous brooks, and on IheN.W. by Ware r. Surface uneven; soil fertile in parts, and par- ticularly adapted to grazing. Pop. of t. 852. New BnArxFELS. t., p. v., and cap. Comal co., Tex. : on Gaudaloupe and Comal rivers, at their junction, 45 m. S. S. W. Austin City. This place occupies a very beautifid site, in Ihe most fertile portion of Texas. The inhabitants are mostly Germans. They are mainly Lutherans, but there is also a Catholic chapel. New Buemen, p. v., Auixlaize co., OJuo: SO m. W. N. W. Columbus, on Miami Canal. Pop. 344. New Bremen, p. o.. Cook county, J II. ; 154 miles N. E. Springfield. New Br.EMEN, t. and p. o., Lewis co., X. Y, : on E. side of 151ack r., S7 m. N. W. Albany. Dramcd by Black r. and branches. Pop. 1,510. New Bridge, p. o.. Lumpkin co., Ga.: on the E. aide of Chcslatee r., Ill m. N. I-y W. Milledgeville. New Bridgeville, p. o., York county, Penn.: 32 m. S. Ilarrisburg. New Brighton, p. b., Beaver co., Penn. : on the E. aide of Beaver r., .3 m. above its mouth, and ISO m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. The Ohio and Peimsylvania P. P. passes through this place, 2S m. from Pittsburg. The r. here af- fords water-power, and a very considerable manufacturing and local commercial business is done. The b. is regularly laid out. and contains many beautiful residences and sub- stantial business houses. Two bridges span the r., one at eitlier end of the village. New Brighton, p. v., Klchmond co., 2^. T- ' 6 ra. S. W. New York, 132 m. S. by W. Albany. This v. is most beau- tifully simatcd on Slateu Island, and is a favorite resort of the citizens of New York City in tiie summer monllis. No place in the vicinity of New York affords more delightful views of the bay and rily. New Britain, 1., p. b., and sta.. Hartford county, Cont), : 27 m. N. by E. New Haven, 9 m. S. S. W. Hartford ; station on the Hartford, Providence, and Fishkill E. E. Drained by Mill r. Contains numerous factories, chiefly of brass and hardware. The Connecticut Stale Normal School, estab- lished here in 1S51. has an annual appropriation of ■'52,500. and employs four instructors. The •■' New Britain Journal" is published weekly. Pop. of t. 3.02.'?. New Britain, p. o., Columbia co., y. Y. : 22 m. S. E. Albany. New Britnswick. p. city, port, and cap. Middlesex co., JV. Jer. : on Raritan r., 2G m. N. E. Trenton, 31 m. by New Jersey E. E. from New York, 55 ra. from Philadelphia. This flourishing city is at the head of navigation on the Earitan,14 m. from its moulh, and is accessible for vessels drawing eight feet of water. Here terminates the Delaware and Earitan Canal, which connects witli these rivers here and at Bordenlown. It is 43 m. long. 75 feet wide, .and " feet deep ; admitting the passage of vessels of 100 f\x\y- lished weekly. Newbcro, t. and p. o., Cass county, Mich.: SS m. S. W. Lansing. Pop. 3SS. Nbwburg, p. 0., Washington co., Wise: GS m. E. N. E. Madison. Neweueg, p. v., and cap. Lewis co., Tenn. : 54 m. S. S.W. Nash\il!e. Newbukg, L. and, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 49 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by a branch of Sowadabscook r. Soil fertUe. Pop. 1,399. Newburg, t, p. v., and semi-cap. Orange co., K. Y. : on W. bank Hudson r., S4 m. S. by W. Albany, 54 m. N. New York. Lat. 41° 31' N., long. 740 1' W. Surface of t. ele- vated, somewhat broken, and hilly. Drained by the Hud- son and small creeks. Soil clay and gravelly loam, fertile, but best adapted to grazing. This vicinity, with the rest of Orange co., is celebrated for its superior dairj' products and excellent live-stock. The v. is handsomely situated on an acclivity rising from the shore to an elevation of 30o feet, where is afforded a most delightful and extensive prospect of the river, which here widens into Newburg Bay, fertile an-tox, p. v., Hawkins co., Teruu : 225 m. E. by X. Nashville. New Cantos, p. v., Buckingham county. Tirg. : on S. side State cr., a quarter of a mile from James r., 45 ra. W. N. W. Richmond. Four miles V,". are the extensive Virginia flour-mills. New Carlisle, p. v., St Joseph county, Ind. : 138 m, N. by "W. Indianapolis. New Carlisle, p. v., Clark co., Ohio : 64 m. "W. by S. Columbus. Pop. 634. New CAnxiLAGE, p. v., Madison par., La. : N. side of a bend of Mississippi r., 120 m. N. Baton Rouge. New Castle county, I>d. Situate N., and contains 923 sq. m. Drained by Christiana, St. George's, Brandy- wine, Red Clay, Naaman's, Blackbird, and Duck creeks. Surface varied— in the N. and "W. being hilly, in the E. low and marshy and unfit for tillage ; soil, where capable of cultivation, is fertile. Staples, wheat, Indian corn, and po- tatoes; and in this county are the principal manufacluring establishments of the State. Farms 1,662 ; manuf. 2S1 ; dwell. 7.093, and pop.— wh. S4,S22, fr. col. 7,56S, si. 394— total 42.7&4. Capital: New Castle. Public Works: Phil- adelphia, "Wilmington, and Baltimore R, R.; New Castlo and Frcnchtown R. R. ; New Castle and 'Wilmmglon K. R. Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, etc. New Castle, hand., p. v.. port of entry, and cap. New Caslle CO., Dd. : on "W. bank of Delaware r.. 31 m. N. Dover, 5 m. S. Wilmington. Lat 39° 40' N., long. 750 33' W. The bund, is bounded on the N. and W. by Christiana cr. Sur- face moderately hilly; soil fertile. The v. is an old towx, and once the capital of the State. Its harbor is well pro- tected by long piers. Railroads to Wilmington and French- town afford direct connection with Philadelphia and Balti- more. It contains the court-house, jail, town-house, arsenal, market-house, 1 bank — capital $133,000; 5 churches, and public library of 4,000 vols. Here is a large manufactory of steam-engines, locomotives, etc The total tonnage of New Castle district on the 30th June, 1S50, was 7,259 tons en- rolled and licensed, of which 7.124 tons were permanently employed in the coasting trade, 135 tons were Ucensed under 20 tons ; 1,345 tons were propelled by steam. Pop. -3,500. New Castle, p. o., Gentry county, Mo.: 163 m. N. W. Jefferson City. New Castle, p. v., sta., and cap. Henr)- county, Ind. : on E. side Blue r., 40 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. The New Castle and Richmond R. R. passes through the village. It contains a eonrt-houso and jail, several good schools, and numeroiis stores. New Castle, t and p. t., Lincoln co., 3fe, : 24 m. S. S. E. Augusta, between Damariseotta and Sheepscot rivers. The Damariscotta r. is navigable for large vessels to the v., 15m. from the ocean. There are nuniemus mills of different kinds in the v. and t The ** Liucohi Democrat" is published weekly. Pop. 2,012. NEW NEW New Castle, p. o., Logan co., III. : on the X. side of Kickapoo cr., 87 m. X. K. by N. t^pringfield. New Castle, t,, p. v„ anti sta., "Westchester co., N. Y. : 102 ni. S. Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; soil gravelly and sandy loam. The llarleni R. K. passes through the t.,40m. from New York. Pop. 1,800. Nkw Uabtlk. t. and p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio: 4S m. E. N. E. Coluuilnis. Drained by AV'alhondin^ river and branches. Pop. 1.2'37. New Castle, p. v., "Wilkes co., K. Car. : 13S m. "W. N. W. Ealeigh. New Castle, p. b., and cap. Lawrence co., Penn. : at the junction of the Shenango and Ncshannock creeks, 1S7 m. "W. by N. Harrisburg. The Beaver and Erie Canal passes through the T. Iron ore dejjosits are found in the vicinity ; 2 rolling-mills, 1 blast-furnace, several manufactories, and a number of stores, make this a place of eotisiderable business imporlance. There are Im o newspapers issued wet-kly— ihe **N. C. Gazette" (whig), and " Lawrence .Tournal'' (dem.) New Castle, p. v., Hardeman county, 2eiin.: 147 m. "W. S. W. Nashville, New Castle, t. and p. o., Rockingham co., JV", Hamp. : 4pi m. E. S. E. Concord. Cfmsistsof an island in I'ortsnioutli harbor, connected with Portsmouth by a bridge. Here are Eort Constitution and the liglil-house ; also 1 (.-Iiureh. The island is much resorted to from Portsmouth, fur the purpose of fishing. Pop. 891. New Castle, p. v., Botetourt co., Virg. : on Craig's cr., 145 m. W. liiehniond. New Castle C. U., p. v., and cap. Ilenry co., Jii/.: 21 m. N. W. Frankfort, New Cextreville. p. v., 'Tennings co., Ind. : on S. side Vernon Fork r., 63 ni. S. S. E. Indianapolis. New Cn-tMBEESBUEG. p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio: 114 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. New Chester, p. o., Adams co., Penn.: on Conewago cr.,26 m. S. S. W. Ilarrisburg. New' CimpxH, p. a, Accomac county, Vlrg.: lol m. E. by N. Ilichmond. New C0LU.MBIA, p. v.. Union co., Penn. : on "W. side of "W. branch of Su.squehanna r., 53 m. N. Ilarrisburg. New CuLi'MBiA, p. v.. Newton co., T^xr. ; on "U'. side of Saline r., 25S m. E. by N. Austin City ; has a good landing for steamboats. New Coll-mbcs, p. 0., Luzerne co., Pain, : 6S m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. New Comekstowx, p. v., Tuscarawas co.. Ohio: on "W. bank Tuscarawas r., and on the Ohio and Erie Canal, 75 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 476. New Concokd, p. v., Callaway co., Kij. : 213 m. S. W. FrnnkforL New Concord, p. v., Muskingum county, Ohio: G5 m. E. by N. Columbus. Has an academy, several churches, and mills. Pop. 334. New Coewix, p. o., Highland co., Ohio : 60 m. S. "W. by S. Columbus. New Coktdon, p. t., Jay co., Ind. : on 8. side of "Wabash r.. So m. N. E. Indianapolis. New CuMBEr-LANT), p. b., Cumberland co., Penn. : on "W. side of Susquehanna r., at the confluence of the Yellow DreechcB cr.. 3 m. S. Harrisburg. The York and Cuml)er- land l\. \i. pa.'^ses through the b., to connect with the Cum- berland Valley and other lines. Here are several stores, and some nianufacturing is done. New CriiEERLAND, p. 0., Brooko county, Virg. : 254 m. "W. N. W. Richmond. New Deery, p. v.. 'Weslmoreland co., Peun. : 124 m. W. Ilarrisburg. The Pennsylvania R. R. passes through town of Dcrry, 49 ni. from Pittsburg. New DiGGiNS. t. and p. v., Lafayette co., T17*o. .• on Fever r.. tiS m. 6. W. Madison. Pop. 1,742. New Durham, p. v.. La Porte county, Ind. : 125 m. N. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. New Durham, t., p. o., and sla., SlrafTonl co., K. flamp. : 22 m. N. E. Concord, on Cocheco R. R., 22 in. from Dover. Surface very uneven; soil moist, and adapted to grazing. Pop. 1.04S. New DiTtnAM, p. v., Hudson co., iV. Jer. : 55 m. N. E. Trenton. New Egypt, p. v., Ocean co., K. Jer. : 15 m. S. E. by E. Trenton, on Crosswick's cr.. upon which are numerous and valuable mills. Newkll, p. 0., Anderson dist., ^S". Car.: 95 m. N. W. Columbia. New Ekgland Village, p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : 3S m. W. Boston, 7 m. S. E. Worcester, 1 m. from Boston and Worcester 11. R., on Quiusigaraond cr., the outlet of Long Pond. This stream iu its deseent falls 50 feet, afford- ding great water-powtr. This is a very fli.uu"ishing and growing village. New Fairfield, t. and p. o., Fairtu-ld co.. Conn. : 43 ra. W. S. W. Hartford. 82 m. W. N. W. New Haven. Surface of t. rough and Iiilly; soil gravelly. Drained by liock r. Pop. 927. Newpa^-e, t. and p. o.. Niagara county, JV. Y.: 2G2 m. W. by N. Albany. Draine/.: on N. side of Sucker's Fork. 75 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. New Franklin, \). v.. Stark co., Ohio : 111 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. New Franklin, p. 0., Wayne co., PL : 113 m. S. E. by S. Springfield. New Ff.eedom, p. 0., York county, Penn. : 25 ra. S. Harrisburg. New Gakpen, p. 0., "Wayne co., Ind. : 65 m. E. Indian- apolis. New Garden, p. o., Russell co., Virg.: 2G1 m. W by S. Richmond. New Oaeden, p. v., Guilford co., -V. Car. : 7S m. "W. N.W. Raleigh. New Garden, p. v., Columbiana county, Ohio: 113 m. E. N. E. Columbus. New Garden, t and p. o., Chester co., Penn.: 6S m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Surface level; soil calcareous loam. Drained by Red Clay and White Clay creeks. New Gascony, p. v., Jefi'erson co., Ark. : on N. bank of Arkansas r., 42 m. E. S. E. Little Rock. New Geneva, p. v., Fayette co., Penn.: on E. aide of Monongahela r. above the confluence of George cr., 160 m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. New Germantown, p. v., Hunterdon county, JV. Jer.: "W, of Lamington r.. 32 ra. N. Trenton. Coutains several churches and stores and an academy. New Germantown, p. v., Perry co., Penn. : 36 m. "W. Harrisburg. New Gilead, p. v., Moore co., A1 Car.: 60 m. S. W. Raleigh. New Glarub, p. o., Green co., in.fc.-on fork of Sugar r., 25 m. S. S. W. Madison. New Glasgow, p. v., Amherst co., Virg.: S7 ra. W. Richmond. 533 NEW NEW New Gloucester, t., p. o., and sta., Cumberland co., Me. : 86 m. S. W. Augusla. Drained by KoyaPs r., which affords water-power to mills of variou3 kinds. The Atlantic and &t. Lawrence K. li. passes through this L, 22 m. from Port- land. Top. 1,S4S. New GosnEN, p. o., TIgo county, Ind. : 70 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. New GoTTiNGEy, p. v., Guernsey co., Ohio: Co m. E. Columbus. Pop. 54. New Geaefenbekg, "W. N. W. Albany. New Geesada, p. o., Ilarrisburg. p. o., Herkimer co., JV. Y. : 70 m. Fulton CO., Penn.: 70 ra. W. S. W. I New Geetna, p. o., Burlington co., K. Jer. : SO m. S. Trenton. New Guilford, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio : 50 m. E. N. E. Columbus. New Hackensack, p. o., Dutchess CO., T. Y.: SO m. S. by "W. Albany. New Hagebstown, p. v., Carroll co., Ohio : 97 ra. E. N. E. Columbus. New IIamhurg, p, v. and sla., Duchess co., iV, T.: on E. bank of Hud^^on r., at month of "VVappinger's cr., 74 m. S. by \V. Albany. Is a station of the lludsoa llivcr K, K., G6 m. from New York, 73 m. from Albany. THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. New II.VMPS1IIHE is situated betn'oen 42^ 41' and 45^ 11' latitudes north, and between 70° 40' and 7'2° 2S' longitudes, west from Greenwich, or between 4° 34' and C^ 22' cast from Washington. It is bounded on the north by Lower Canada, on the east by the State of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the State of Massachusetts, and on the east by that of Vermont, from which it is separated l)y the Connecticut Eiver. From north to south its length is 163 miles, and its width, from east to west, from 90 to 20 miles, its form lapering toward the north. It contains an area of 9,2S0 square miles. New Hampshire has a sea-coast of but IS miles in length. The shore is little otherwise than a sandy beach, bordered in front by salt marshes, and indented by creeks and coves, wliich form, however, eligible harbors for small crafl. Behind there is a narrow, level, or gently undulating tract of 25 or 30 miles in width, and beyond this zone the general surface becomes mountainous, principally in the north, the hills increasing in height as they recede from the sea, until they swell to the lofty grandeur of the White Mountains. This range, which may be considered as a continuation of the Alleghanios, enters New Hampshire between the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and of which the Grand Monadnock, 3,254 feet in height, Sunapee, 4,636 feet, and Moosheloc, 4,G36 feet, appear to be links, reaches its greatest elevation in Mount Washing- ton, the summit of which is 6.42S feet above the level of the sea, and the highest culmination east of the Koeky Mountains. The other principal peaks in this range, for as such it may be described, although it is not always continuous, are : Mnunt Adams, 5,960 feet; Mount Jefferson, 5,860 feet; Mount Madison, 5,fi20 feet. Mount Monroe, 5,510 feet; Mount Franklin, 5,050 feet, and others little inferior in elevation, and the Kearsarge Mountains rise to the height of 2,4S0 feet. These mountains are composed of huge rocks of granite and gneiss, and round their b:iscs are forests of heavy Umber, which is succeeded by a belt of stunted fir trees, from 10 to 15 feet high, above this a growth of thick bushes, and farther up the surface is covered with a dark pall of mosses and lichens. The snow lies on their summits for nine or ten months of the year, giving tliem the appearance from which they take their name. The ** Notch*' is a remarkable chasm two miles in length, and where narrowest it is only 22 feet wide. It is the only pass through the great mountain barrier. Through the high, steep precipices,which form its walls, flows one of the head branches of the Saco River, and in its course receiving the waters of several cascades which leap down the declivities. This stream, after a heavy fall of rain, becomes fearfully swollen, and frequently at such times sweeps away all opposing obstacles, and fills the valley with ruin. In 1S36, a violent rain storm caused a slide of earth, rocks, and trees, which choked up the streams, and flooding the country, spread desolation far and wide, and in the general confusion a family of eleven persons, residing at the Notch House, wero overwhelmed. The general slope of the State is from north to south, and in that direction the principal rivers flow, following the courses of the local valleys. The slope toward the Connecticut valley is short and precipitous, and in this direction the only streams of consequence are the Ammonoosuc and Ashuelot. The Androscoggin passes thmugh the north-eastern part of the State, but this is prnperly a river of Maine. The Piscataqua, the only considerable river that has its whole course within the Slate, is formed by the junction of Salmon Falls and Cocheeo rivers from the north, and several smaller streams from the west, and it is only from this junction to the sea. a distance of ten miles, that it bears the name of Piscataqua. At its mouth is the harbor of Portsmouth, one of the finest in the United States. The Merrimac rises in the Wluto Mountains, not far distant from the sources of the Saco, and running south through the centre of the State, passes into Massachusetts, where it turns and runs in a north-easterly direction, and falls into the Atlantic. The principal tributaries of the Merrimac are from the west, the Nashua, which, after bending beyond the State line, again enters New Hampshire, and empties iL-^elf in tlie town of Nashua ; the Onntoocook, which empties itself at Conconi, and Baker's River, which rises in Moosheloc Mountain, and empties itself at Plymouth; and from the east the principal tributaries are W'innipiseogec Kiver. the outlet of the lake of the same name, and Squam Kiver, which is the outlet of Squam Lake. None of the rivers of New Hampshire, however, are much used for navigation, but afford the best of mill-sites. It is estimated that 110,000 acres of the surface of this State are covered with water. Lake Winnipiseogee (Win-ne-pe- sok-ee, Indian) is the most extensive sheet of water within its limits. It is 23 miles in length, and from 2 to 10 in breadth. Upward of 860 islands are sprinkled over its bosom, and its shores are indented by numerous bays formed by gentle Bwells of land projecting into the lake and rising gracefully from its waters. It abounds in flsh, and its waters are remark- ably pure. Being on the route to the White Mountains, it is much visited by travelers, ami a steamboat is emj)Inyed on the lake during the summer season. Lake Umbagog, on the eastern State line, and others in the south and west, are smaller, but all have attractive scenery, and are the recipients and outlets of several streams. Off the coast are the Isles of Shoals, seven in number, which belong partly to Maine and partly to New Hampshire (sm Maine). They lie about eight miles out to sea, between Portsmouth and Newburyport, and arc hardly more than a cluster of rocks rising above the water. For more than a century before the Revolulioii they were quite populous, con- taining at one time 600 inhabitants, who found there an advantageous situation for earrj-ing on the fisheries. To this day the best cod are those known under the name of Isles of Shonis sun-fish. From 3,000 to 4,000 quintals were once annually taken and cured here, but the business has of late years declined. New Hampshire has been called the " Switzeriand of America." Its scenery is full of grandeur and wild magniflconce. 634 NKW HAMPSHIRE. From the lofty suniniils of its rugg;ed muuntains the eye surveys one of the wiUlest, and at the same time enchanting, ciiiinlrios of the world, and is never drowsed by monotony. Iloeks piled on roclcs, cit'lhed in o^igantic forest growths and shrubs, placid lakes embosoming countless verdant islets ; pleasant valleys and farm lands in the highest state of cultiva- tion, successively greet the eye, while the foaming cataract and leapUig cascade, now rushing down the slopes and dashing to the vales, and now reposing into the gently gliding streams, and anou swelling into rivers, coursing like molten silver tliroutih the ])lains, and winding their way to the sea, enchant the senses and cheat the mind of its cares. From M )uut ■Washington the prospect is noble and extensive, only bonnderi on the one hand by the dim distance of the ocean, and on the other by the blue horizon resting on the green base of the land. From Monadnock and Moosheloe, and many of the other higher elevations, the scenery is not less alluring. Nur is that of the lakes inferior. Surrounded by forest-clad liills, these beautiful basins interspersed with islets, and reflecting from their glassy bosoms the bright bine sky, and the neigh- boring slopes, ure truly a feature of loveliness, and well might the Indian, cliarmed by the beauties of the scenery around Wiimipiseogee, call it "The smile of the Great Spirit," Umbagog, Sunapee, and others, have their charms; they are smaller, indeed, but all are highly picturesque, and abonnd with the most lovely scenery. The mineral resources of New Hampshire are by no means insignificant. The recent geological survey by Dr. Charles F. Jackson, one of the most scientific geologists of New England, has resulted in many highly valuable discoveries. His examinations have brought to light the existence of several beds of iron, and a valuable one of limestone, not Iiitherto known, which will prove sources of great wealtli to the State. Iron exists in almost every county. The ore beds that have been chiefly worked are at Franconia and Lisbon, in the northerly part of the State, and these are considered as among the richest in the United Slates, the ores yielding fiom 00 to 70 per cent, of metal. Ores of copper are found also at Franconia, Warren, Eaton, and other places, which want only a judicious Investment of capital and labor to develop their treasures. The zinc ore mines of Warren are described as abtjunding and rich, and a very rich mine of tin ore has been discovered in the town of Jackson, near the foot of the White Mounfciins, which promises to yield from 40 to CO per cent, in pure worked metal. This is the first valuable tin mine that has been discovered in the United Stales. In the town of Eaton there are also extensive deprtsils of ores of zinc and lead, mixed in some of the shale with veins of silver, the amount of which is sufficiently great to allow nf its being profltably separated. Tliere is no State which possesses greater quantities of granite, suited to the purposes of architecture, than New Hamp- shire. At various points on the very margins, or near the banks of the Merrimac and Connecticut, are fouml immense and apparently exhaustless ranges of this stone. It is of the t)est texture and color, and capable of yielding blocks of any required size. Marble is also abundant, as also most of the rocks allributed to tlie primary era. The soils of New Hampshire are generally of a stubborn nature, and not of the most fertile description. They require cnnsiili-rable labor to make them moderately productive; those of the intervals are the most profitable, and are moder- ately rich. All, however, yield well to the industry applied to them, and under jiroper management, the natural ruggedness of the country has been converted into a garden-like scene. The climate is somewhat colder than that of Maine, and more steady ; the difference of elevation, however, decides the prevailing temperature, and in some cases the difference between that of the base and summit of the mountains is from IS^ to 2J0. The temperature of the summer is great, and sometimes rises to 100'^ Fahr. In the winter season it hsis been known to sink so low as to freeze the mercury in the lube. These extremes, however, seldom occur, anbert Metlin, in 1TS5, at 115; Samuel Welch, of Bow, in IS'Z'-i^ at WS ; and moro recent instances are not wanting. In 1S40 there were living in the State 10 persons of 100 years of age and upward, and in ISoO, 13 persons. The cohl weather sets in about the middle of September, and continues till May ; the severity of win- ter, however, does not commence before November, from wliicli time to the opening of the spring season, the country is d»»lhed in a thick mantle of snow, and the rivers are frozen to their sources. The natural growths of the country are various kinds of useful timber, as oak, pine, hemlock, ash, beech, and birch; ai.i,0:M (in 1^0, 1,260,517) pounds ; butter, 6,977,056 pounds ; cheese, 3,196,563 pounds ; and the value of animals slaughtered in the year, $1,522,873. Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 4,191 (in 1840, 419J) pounds, being two-seventlis the whole product of the United States ; and beeswax and honey to the amount of 117,140 pounds. Q-rain (3>'(>??s.— "Wheat, 185,658 bushels; rye, 183,117 bushels; Indian com, 1,573,670 bushels; oats, 978,331 bushels; barley, 70,256 bushels; and buckwheat, 65,265 bushels. The crops of 1839, according to the census of 1840, were as follows: Wheat, 422,124 bushels; rye, 308,148 bushels; Indian com, 1,162,572 bushels; oats, 1,296,114 bushels ; barley, 121,899 bushels ; and buckwheat, 105,103 bushels. Oth^r Food Crops.— Vcas and beans, 70,856 bushels ; and potatoes, Irish, 4,804,919 bushels. The potato crop of 1839-40 amounti'd to 6,206,6il6 bushels. Ml&celUmmus C/-t>/)s.— Tobacco, 50 pounds; hay, 598,854 (in 1840, 496,107) tons; clover-seed, 829 bushels; other grass-seed, 8,071 bushels; hops, 257,174 (in 1840, 243,425) pounds; flax, 7,652 pounds; flax-seed, 189 bu.shels; maple sugar, 1,294,863 pounds ; molasses, 9,811 gallons; wine, 844 gaUons, etc. Value of orchard products, $248,563 ; and of market-garden products, $56,810. Jlome-made Mamifuctures were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1850, to the value of $393,455. J/i/ji'/Z/ciu/w.— Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $0,000,000; hands era- ployed— males 00,000, and females 00,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,000 ; entire value of products, $00,000,000. The capital employed in manufactures in 1840, was $9,252,448. The whole number of manufacturing establishments pro- ducing to the value of $500 and upward annually, on the 1st June, 1850, was 3,301 ; and of this number 44 were cotton factories, 61 woolen factories, 163 tanneries, and 29 iron manufactories — 26 making castings, 1 pig iron, and 2 wrought iron. The following are the general statistics of these several manufactures : In the cotton manuCicture a capital of $10,950,500 is invested, and hence in this interest New Hampshire is second only to Massachusetts, and equal to one-seventh the aggregate of the United States. It consumes annually 83,026 bales of cotton, and 7,679 tons coal, valued together at $4,839,429, and employs 12,122 hands— 2,911 males and 9,211 females, at a monthly cost of $199,844— to males $75,713, and to females $124,181. The annual products are 118,106,247 yanis of sheeting, etc., and 149,700 pounds of yarn— valued at $3,830,619. lu 1840— capital invested, $5,523,200 ; hands, 6,991 ; value of products, $4,142,304. The woolen manuticture employs a capital of $2,437.700 ; wool consumed, 8,604,103 pounds ; and coal, 3,600 tons- valued at $1,267,329; hands, 2,127~malcs 920, and females 1,201; monthly cost of labor, $38,628— male $21,177, and female $17,451 ; annual products, 9,712,840 yards of cloth, and 165,200 pounds yarn— together valued at $2,127,745. In 1S40— capital, $740,345; hands, 893; value of products, $T95.T84. Tanneries use a capital of $441,976; value of ali raw material, $543,779; hands, 502; monthly cost of labor, $11,737; skins tanned, 109,595, and sides of leather tanned, 333,158 ; value of products, $900,421. In 1810, capital $386,402 ; hands, 776, The statistics of the iron manufacture are as follows : specifications. Pig Iron. Cast Iron. Wronglit Iron. Total. Capital invested dollars. . . 2,000 232,700 4,000 236,700 Iron ore used tons 500 — — 500 Other iron used " — 6,673 145 6,313 Mineral coal consumed " — 1,680 — 16S Coke, charcoal, etc » 50.000 20,500 50,000 120,500 Value of all raw material dollars. . . 4,900 177,060 5,600 187,560 Hands employed number.. 10 874 6 390 Monthly cost of labor dollars. . . ISO 12,361 192 12,7.33 Iron annually made tons 200 5,764 110 G,074 Value of all products dollars. . . 6,000 371,710 10,400 888,110 Besides the above principal manufactures, there are in New Hampshire a great variety of others, less conspicuous, indeed, but which in the aggregate are little less valuable. Among these may be mentioned her numerous grist and saw mills, her carriage factories, paper-mills, powder-mills, machine-shops, hardware, cutlery, etc., factories, etc. Commerce, Navigation^ rfc— New Ilamp.'ihire, in the year ending 30ih June, 1850, exported to foreign countries, pro- duce and merchandise to the value of $8,927, and imported to that of $40,079. Of the exports, $8,722 was the value of domestic produce— in American vessels $2,885, and in foreign vessels $5,887, and $205 was the value of foreign produce re-exported ; and of the imports, $19,962 was the value of goods carried in American vessels, and $29,117 that of goods carried in foreign vessels. The entrances and clearances for the same year were as follows: 53G NEW HAMPSHIRE. ENTRANCES, N'ftt'Vinality. Ves?-l3. Touting*-. American 9 .. SJu'2 liH .. 7.4T2 Total. 11,0« Crews, 1.31 61S Nntidnali' Aint'hcnn. Foreign.. . CLEAHANCES. VrjBfls. Total Ill Tonnn;;e. S.-21.3 84 617 551 This commerce belongs to the porlof rortsmoulli.tlie only port of entry in the Staler Tlie great l)iilkof the eoniiiierei.il malarial of New Hamiishire is carried to Boston for exportation, and its foreign supplies arc chiefly Ijrouglit tliroiigli the same channel. The following table will exhibit the variations of the imports and exports for a series of years: Year. Exports. Imports. Tear. Exports. Inipnrts. Year. Kxports, Imports. inn .... ... $lii,K59 ... ...$ 1811 .... ... *.3t)8.8i;3 ... ..$ 1831 .... ... .1S111.222 ... . . . .t146.205 1703 .... ... 1»1,413 ... 1812 .... . . . . 203.401 . , . 18:32 .... ... 11.5.682 ... ... 11:5,171 17M .... . . . 198,204 . . . 1813 .... 29,S90 . . . 18.33 .... ... 1.5.5,268... ... 107.754 17M .... . . . im.S6n . . . 1814 .... 87.387 . . . 18:34 .... . . . 79.056 . . . ... 118,095 17SI5 .... . . . 229.427 . . . 1815 . . . 109.782 . . . ls:55 .... ... 81.081 ... . .. 71.1)14 179G .... ... 87S,1IU... 1816 .... ... 140.2',)3... ls:5G .... 1.5..520 ... . . . C4,:354 1797 .... . . . 275,840 . . . 1S17 .... ... 197.424... 18:37 .... ... SI.Ml ... ... S1,4:U 17S1S .... ... 801,4.53... ISIS .... . . . 130,648 . . . .. 18:B8 .... 74.070 ... . .. 109.985 1799 .... ... 361,759... 1S19 .... ... 157,919... is;!9 .... ... 81.944... ... 61,40T ISlW ... 431.836... 1820 .... . . . 240.800 . . . 1840 .... 20.979 . . . ... 114.047 ISOl .... . . . 555.055 . . . 1821 .... . . . 200,765 . . . .. .3.50.021 1841 .... ... ]o.:'.48 ... . . . 73,701 1S02 .... ... 6G5.394... 1822 .... ... 199.699... .. 330.052 1M2 .... . . . 28,.547 . . . ... 60.481 ISIB .... . . . 494.020 . . . 1823 .... . . . 237.705 . . . .. 571.770 1S43 .... ... 44.774... 8.289 1*04 .... ... 716,091 ... 1824 .... ... 1S.5.3S3 ... .. 24.5.613 1844 .... 6.084 . . . . . . 81,420 lSli.5 .... ... 60S,40S... 1825 .... . . . 198.680 . . . .. 831.244 1845 .. . 2,384 . . . . . . 22.689 ISflG .... ... 795,263... 1826 .... ... 1157,075... .. 348,609 1846 .... 5,072... . . . 16,485 isii: .... ... 680,022 ... 1827 .... . . . 177,398 . . . .. 802,211 1847 .... 1.090 . . . . . . 10.9:55 isns .... . . . 125,059 . . . 1828 .... ... 124,433... .. 299,849 1848 .... 8,24;i . . . ... 61.303 1609 .... ... 286,505 ... 1829 .... ... 10.5,740... .. 179,889 1849 .... 5.878... . . . 04,:!61 1810.... ... 234,650... 1530 .... ... 96,154... .. 130,S2S 1850 .... 8.927... . . . 49.079 The total shipping owned in the Slate at the date referred to amounted to 23,096: registered shipping, 14.979 tuns; enrolled and licensed, 7,S93 tons; and licensed (\ni(ler20 ton boats), 22-4 Inns. The proportion of the (.■nrtilkdandliceused tonnage employed in the coasting trade was 4,025 tons, in the cod tishery 2,004 tons, and in the mackerel tisliery I.2u-t tons. The shipping built in the State during the year consisted of 8 ships and 2 schooners, with au aggregate burdea of 6,914 tons. fyittryial Improvement. — New Hampshire has completed a fine system of railroads, the principal lines being in a N. "W. and a 3. E. direction, or between the Atlantic sea-boanl at Boston and Portsmouth, and the Connecticut liiver, where connedion is made with the Vermont lines to Lake Chainplain and Canada. Tlu^ great Atlantic and St. Ltiwrence Eailroad also traverses the State in the North section. Most of the lines in the southern part of the State centre at Concord, the capital, and thence diverge in every direction. The total length of comi»leted railrna34 ; and a-sw/j*— loans and discounts, $3,821,120 ; real estate, J43,G70 ; duo by other banks, $477,453 ; notes of other banks, $91,444 ; and specie, $129,399. Thirteen savings* institutions at the above date had 4, as amended in 1792, is the fundamental law of the State. A new constitution was fi-araed by a convention in 1S50, but was subsequently rejected by the people. The right of suffrage is secured to every male inhabitant 21 years old, excepting paupers and persons excused from paying taxes at their o^-n request. The general election is held on the 2d Tuesday in March annually. The General Court consists of a House of Tiepresentatives and a Senate. Representatives shall have resided for tho last two years in the State, shall have an estate valued at $100 (at the rate of six shillings and eight pence the ounce of silver), one-half thereof to be freehold within their district, and shall be inhabitants of their district, Everj' town of 150 rateable polls, 21 years old, may choose 1 repncsentative, and every 300 such polls additional shall entitle the toi\-n to an- other representative. There are also classed towns, and towns allowed by special act to send representatives. The Senate consists of 12 members, who must be 30 years old, inhabitants of the State for seven years, and seized of a frtehnld of $200 value within the State. Senatorial districts, 12 in number, shall be set off '• according to the proportion of public taxes paid by the said districts." In case of a vacancy in a senatorial district, one of the two candidates having most votes in the district shall be chosen by the legislature on joint ballot The legislature thus constituted meets on tho 1st Monday of June antmally. The Ej^ecutive Council consists of 5 councilors, and is elected annually by the people. Councilors must be 30 years of age, 7 years resident in the State, and poss'^ssed of an estate of $5il0, of which $300 shall be freehold. Vacancies are filled as in the Senate. The governor convenes the council, and their resolutions and advice are recorded in a public record, and signed by those agreeing thereto. The Governor shall have the qualific.itions of a councilor, except as to his estate, which shall be $300, one-half freehold. If there be no choice of governor by tlie people, one of the two highest candidates shall be chosen by the General Court on joint ballot. The governor may veto a bill, but Iwo-tbirds of both houses voting subsequently in favor of its passage, it becomes law neverllieless. "With the assistance of the council he shall nominate and appoint all judicial officers, tho Attorney-general, solicitors, sheriffs, ami registers of pmbate. The governor and council shall have a negative on each other, both in nominations and appointments. The Judiciary consists of tho Superior Court, Courts of Common Pleas, Courts of Probate, etc. The superior court consists of a chief-justice and four associate justices. At the session of the legislature in June, 1S51, provision was niado U3 S3T NEW HAMPSHIRE. for appniniing four circuit justices of common pletis; two only are now appointed. If a vacancy other than in the office of the chii'f-justice occurs in the superior court, it is not to be flllt'd, but an additional circuit justice of the common pleas is to be appointed until the whole number of four ia flUed up, and after that the superior court wiU consist of the chief- justice and two associate justices, any two of whom will be a quorum. Two terms of the superior court are held annually at Concord, on (he Sd Tuesdays of July and December, for the hearing and determining of questions of law and petitions for divorce fTom all tlie counties In the State. This court is also vested with chancery powers. At the trial of capital casea two justices of the superior court, or one justice of the superior court and one circuit judge are refjuired lo be present. The judges of Ihe superior court of judicature are ecoo^cto judges of the court of common pleas. This court, before which all actions for recovery of debts, enforcement of contracts, etc., and all jury trials are brought, consists of one of the justices of the superior court, or one of the circuit judges of the court of common pleas, and of any two county justices, who are generally appointed from among the yeomanry, whose principal duty it is to attend to the ordinary business of the county, its roads, expenses, etc. Terras of the common pleas are held semi-annually in each county. Grafton County is divided into two judicial districts, and terms are held semi-annually in each district. County treasurers and registers shall be elected by the counties. Justices of the peace are appointed for five years, with jurisdiction in cases below £-4. Clerks of courts shall be appointed by the courts. All judicial officers shall hold office during good behavior, or until 70 years of age, but are removable on address of both houses of the legislature. I^o person can hold any office of projxt or honor under this government imlesa hehe of the Pro^siant religion. Every seven years the peojile shall vote for or against amending the constitution, and if a majority of the voles be in favor thereof, the general court shall call a convention ; and if their amendments be approved by two-thirds of the votes when submitted to the people, they shall be adopted. The militia force of New Hampshire comprises 32,151 men of all arms, of which 1,S4S are commissioned officers, and S0,S03 non-commissioned officers, musicians, privates, etc. Of the commissioned officers 12 are general officer.-*, 51 general staff-officers, 33G field officers, etc., and 949 company officers. There is a school of instruction for officers. Every white male between IS and 45 years of age, except such as the law excepts, is enrolled annually. Parades were abolished by the legislature in 1S50; but volunteer companies may remain organized, and new companies be formed, and each volunteer who has performed his duty acceptably shall receive $3 annually from the select-men of the town to which he belongs. The militia is organized in 4 divisions, S brigades, and 42 regiments. The governor is commander-in-chief The New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, located at Concord, is a State institution. It is one of the most efficient establishments of the kind in the Union. Adjoining the asylum are more than 120 acres of valuable lands, well adapted to the wants of the institution, which is cultivated by the labor of the patients. The number of patients in the asylum Slst May, 1S49, was 144; admitted during the year following, 103; discharged during tlie year, 90; recovered. 45; par- tially recovered, 18 ; not relieved, 20, and died, 7. Eemaining under treatment 1st January, 1S50, 127, of which .5S were females. The sum of $1,600 was granted by the legislature June, 1950. for the relief of the indigent insane. The price of board, etc., for patients from this St^ite is $2 25 for the first 13 weeks, and $2 for all subsequent time. The blind are provided for in the Perkins Institution of Massachusetts, and the deaf and dumb in the American Asylum of Connecticut. Finances, Debts, etc. — The total receipts into the State treasury for the year ending 5th June, 1S50, was $172,050 55, and the expenditures for the same period, $167,011 63 — excess of receipts, $5,044 92. The chief sources of income were: balance in treasury 6th June, 1S49, $6,126 SO; railroad tax, $49,414 29; money borrowed, $51,400; civil commissions (fees), $175; State tax for 1S49 and previous years, $59,547 21; allowance by United States of Indian Stream claim, $5,362 56: and the principal objects of ex^iendilure were: salaries, executive and judicial, $19,01S 35; pay of council, $S65 40; pay of senate, $1,07S 50; pay of representatives, $20,127 40; money borrowed and repaid, $5S,145 83; State printing, $2,951 50; publishing laws, $3S0 50; New Hampshire Asylum for Insane (new building), $15,000; Perkins Institution, education of the blind, $750 ; American Asylum, education of deaf and dumb, $2,075 ; officers' school of instruction, $7,731 20. The state of the treasury on the 5th June, 1S50, was : total amount of available funds, $5,603 84 ; and total amount of indebtedness, $26,601 67 ; balance against the treasury, $2,997 81. The assessed value of real and personal property in the State in 1S50, was $92,177,953, and Ihe true or estimated value was $103,682,835. Federal Jieoresentatio}\. — New Hampshire, in accordance with the federal act of 23d May, 1850, sends three repre- Bcntatives to the Congress of the United States. Educatio7i. — The common schools of the State are under county commissioners, who form a board of education, and meet at Coucord on the third Wednesday in August annually. Their duly is to recommend such books as may appear to them most suitable to be used in the schools, and such methods of instruction, modes of government and discipline, aa may best promote the advancement of the schools. In each town is a superintending committee, which reports to the Secretary of the State by the first day of April, Ihe condition and progress of each school, and the secretary is requested to hand over the several returns so received to the Secretary of the Board of Education. Each county commissioner spends at least one day in each town of his county to promote the cause of education by addresses, etc., and he has also charge of any teachers' institute that may be held in his county. The office of State School Commissioner was abolished by the general court of 1850. The whole number of school districts reported June, 1850, was 2.167; average attendance in the winti.*r schools, 60,271, and in the summer schools, 46,225; average length of winttT schools, 9 4-5 weeks, and of summer schools, 9 2-5 weeks. Average monthly wages of male teachers, $14 73, and of female teachers, $6 21 ; number of male teachers in winter schools, 1.246, and of female teachers, 961 ; money raised by taxes for schools, $145,892 ; amount contributed in board and fuel, $9,738 ; income of local funds, $8,097 ; interest of literary fund, $10,700 ; amount for teachers and institutes, $1^020, being an aggregate of $174,517 raised for the district schools. The number of incor- porated academies in the State at the date referred to was 3S, and the whole number of pupils attending them. 2,261. Number of unincorporated academies, private schools, and schools kept to prolong common schools, 74, attended by an average of S,69S scholars. Dartmouth CoUege/is the only collegiate institution of the State; it was founded in 1769, and is located at Hanover. The academical faculty consists of a president and 10 professors, and in 1850 it had 3,710 alumni, of which about 800 were in the ministry, and 237 students. lis library contained nearly 25.000 voUimes. Tlie New Hampshire Medical College at the same place, founded 179S. is a department of Dartmouth, II has a president, six professors, and a demonstrator of anatomy, and in 1S50 had 45 students. Its gradu.ates of that date numbered 850. The Chandler School of Seionee and tlie Arts opened August, 1852, and, founau- pers een 790 commitments. "Whole number of inmates on 31st May, 1S49, eighiy-tito ; received in 1S49~50, thirt>/-shi^ ; and discharged, 27 ; leaving in prison 91 — SS males, and 3 females ; and of these 72 were conmiitted for offenses against property, 1 for arson, S fur rape, 2 for manslaughter, and 4 for murder. Expeudilure for the year, $7,509. The first setUements in New Hampshire were made by Gorges and Mason, two of the most active meml)ers of tho Plymouth Company. In 1621, Mason obtained a grant of all the lands between the Naumkeag and Mcrrimac. and in the next year another grant was made to Mason and Gorges of the country between tiic Merrimac and Sagadahoek, rivers. The first tract was named Mariana, and tlie latter Laconia. Designing to establish fisheries, they sent over in 1623 a colony — (me division of which lauded at Little IIarlx>r, on the southern shore of the Piscataqua, and the other settled at Dover. Other settlements were etreeleil on the coast both by the grantfrs under Mason, and by emigrants from Plymouth and Massachusetts. Fishing and trading being the sole objects of these parties, the settlements were slow in their pn^igress for many years. In 1629, Mason procured a further grant of the land between the Piscataqua and Merrimac, and extending GO miles into the country, and this he called New Hampshire. In 1631, a house, called the Great House, was built at Strawberry' Hill, now PorLimouth. In 1G3S, John Wheelwright, the brotlier of the celebrated Mrs. Hutchinson, banished iVoni Ma.ssachu- setts for his Antinomian principles, came with a number of his adherents to Squamscot Falls, where they founded llxeter. Here they combined, as a body politic, chose rulers and swore to obey them. Similar governmems were established by the colonists at Dover and Strawberry Hill. All these petty establishments, however, placed themsi'lves under the projection of Massachusetts in 1641, and were governed as a part of that colony until 16S0, the year previous to which a decree was passed constituting New Hampshire a separate province. A president and council won- now appointed by the crown, and a house of representatives elected by the people. The first assembly, consisting of eleven persons, met at Portsmouth the same year. At this session a code of laws were enacted, of which the first declared, " Ttiat no act, imposition, law, or ordnance sliould be imposed upon the inhabitants of the province, but such as shoubi be made by tlie assembly, and approved by the president and council." From 167.5, to the accession of James 11., the colony was much disturbed by contentions between tlie heirs of Mason and the holders of land ; nor was it, indeed, until 1747, that peace was secured — in that year all claims having been purchased by the government. These contentions retarded greatly the progress of the colony, and were a main source of the grievances which alienated the public affections from llip mother country. On the accession of James to the English throne, new schemes of oppression were meditated for the colonies, and every vestige of liberty was to be entsed. In 16S6, Sir Edmond Amlros arrived at Boston, commissioned as Governor in Chief over all New England, and authorized with his council to make such laws and impose such taxes as he thought proper. New Hampshire had already declared her will, which was offensive to the governing powers, and, like her sisli-r colonies, became a prey to his tyranny— the press was shackled, liberty of conscience invaded, and oppressive taxes imposed, and, to prevent complaints being heard, no person was allowed to leave the country without express license. This state of things <'oiitinued until the Uevolulion in England, when Andros was seized by the people ami sent home a prisoner. Ni-w Hampshire being now without a government, the people determined to return to their ancient connection with Massachusetts. This union only lasted three years, a separation having been determined on and eflected by the English authoritiea. New Hampshire was, perhaps, of all the colonies, tho one that suffered most from Indian hostilities. From her earliest Betllenient her progress was retarded bv savage inroad, nor did the Indian cease from his forays until the reduction of 639 NEW NEW Quebec. In Ihe twelve years of peace that followed, New Hampshire increased wonderfully in population and wealth. Her settlement.^ extended further west than the orii^inal limits prescribed by the patents, and until lllM it was supp'i^ed Ihul the territory which now form.s the State of Vermont was part of the province, and grants were accordingly made by the authorities in that direction. The district, however, was allotted to New York, and a ve.valious controversy ensued, whieli continuetl until the independence of Vermont was acknowledged in 1790. During the contest many towns lying near the Connecticut attached themselves to the Vermontesc, but in the end returned to their former allegiance. Tlie State bore an active and honorable part in the war of the Revolution. On the arrival of news of the battle of Lexington, 1,'200 men marched to the assistance of their brethren at Boston. The royal governors were obliged to seek safety in flight, and a temporary government was established. In 1792, a permanent constitution was formed. The present prosperous condition of the State may be attributed to the unswerving patriotism and virtues which have ever distinguished its people. Still there are many points in the institutions of New Hampshire which savor of intoler- ance and bigotry, and of these none stand so prominently pre-eminent as the Protestant clauses of the Constitution, and the virtual exclusion of the moneyless man from the higher offices of Slate. A closer contact with the neighboring Suites, which the railroad system of the country will now insure, must, however, at no ,T'Jii.'.m. Tlirec newspapers are pub- lished daily, publishing, also, tri-weekly and weekly edi- tions : ''Journal and Courier" (whig), "Palladium" (whig), "Columbian Eegister"' (dem.), two riuarterlies, "New En- glander"' (Cong.), and "Church Keview" (Epiac.) Tlie '* American Journal of Science," commenced in 1S19 by Professor Silliman, now publishcl bi-monthly, ranks with the ablest scientific journals in Europe. " The Yale Literary- ilagiizino" is published by the studenis raonildy. Yiii-i' College. — Thia noble institution (the third college estaldished in United States), founded in 1700, and renio\ed here in 1717, is, next to Harvard College, the i^rincipal uni- versity in America. At present, and fur a number of years past, it has had a larger number of students in the collegiate course than any other. Total number of alumni in 1^511, 5.t):.i2, of whom 1,5S7 had entered the ministry; instructors, 22; students, 4;32; volumes in library, 51,000; commence- ment, last Thursday in July. The edifices present a fine apl)earance, fronting the public green. In the front range are five large brick edifices, four stories high, occupied by students ; three buildings, having cupolas, between the col- lege halls, are used as chapel, recitation rooms, etc. In the rear are the library buildings, mineralogical cabinet, Truud>vdl Gallery, etc. ; the former are fine edifices of brown freestone, of Gothic architecture, divided into five separate fire-proof compartments. Tiie central edifice, 151 feet long, contains the college library ; the others contain libraries of societies of students. The cabinet of minerals and geolog- ical specimens is the most valuable in the United Slates, and surpassed by only two in Europe. The Trumbull Galle- ry.erectedls;?!, contains the splenilid collection of paintings of Col. John Trumbull, consisting ofeight historical paintings from subjects founded on the American devolution, and about2.;l22. has 3 pro- fessors, 35 students, 021 graduates. 900 volumes in library. Law School, 2 professors, 20 students. Scientific School, 2 professors, 80 students. Besides Yale College, Xew Haven has many seminaries, male and female, of high reputation, various learned societies, and two popular lyceums, having libraries, reading-rooms, etc. Commerce. — The harbor is spacious but shallow, and gradually filling up. It receives three rivers, Quirmipiac and Mill r. (ui the E., and West r. on the W. To accom- modate large vessels, a wharf, called "Long Wliarf," was constructed many years since. The filling up of the harbor has several times required its extension ; it is now nearly a mile in length, the li»ngest in the United States. New Haven has a larger commerce with foreign countries than any other port in the State, and an extensive coasting trade. Its fisheries in oysters, clams, etc., are extensive and valua- ble. Tlie tot.al tonnage of New Haven ilistriet, on ."JOth June, 1^0, was 15,731 tons, of which 4,995 tons were regis- tered ■' i)ermanent," and 10,730 tons were enrolled and licensed. Of the latter 10,440 tons were en)])loyed in the coasting trade, and 2,56S tons were propelled by steam. During tlie year ending 30th June, 1S50, the total of clear- ances was 72—13,400 Ions, men in crews, 591; number of entrances, S9— 1G,177 tons, men in crews, 695. Vessels built during the year, 12 — 1.110 tons. A passenger steamboat plies daily to New York. Four important raiiroadu nitw terminate at Ni-w Haven, and connect at the main station: lo New York. 76 m. ; to Springfield, 62 m. ; to New London, 50 m. ; to TarifTville, 45 m., which will be continued to North- amplnii. To these will he added the direct linotAi Boston, via Middletown. Pop. of city in 1^30, 10,1^0; in lsl<', 12.900; in 1S50, 20,345. Pop. of city and t. in 1S40, 14,890 ; in 1S50, 22,539. New Haven, p. v., Gallatin co,, J I!.: on the S. W. side of Little Wabash r., 2 m. above its entrance into the Wa- bash river, and 153 m. S. S. E. Springllt-ld. It has several stores, and is surrounded by a vtry fertile Country. New Haven, p. o., Allen county, Jnd.: loO m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. New Haven, p. v.. Nelson co., JCi/. : on the Rolling Fork of Salt r., 54 m. S. W. Frankfort. Near the v. is the large "Abbey of La Trappe," established in Isl"^ from Nauies, France. The cany. Surface of t, undulating; .soil sandy loam. Drained by Catfish cr., flowing into Lake Outario. Pop. 2,015. New Haven,!., p. o., and sla., Huron co., Oliio: 74 ni. N. by E. Columbus. Drainetl by head branches of Hun .a river. Sfati-m on the Sandusky and Majisfleld E. K., 34 m. S. Sandusky. Pop. 1,39?. New Haven, t., p. o., and sta., Addison co., Ferm.; 30 m. W. S. W. Montpelier, on Paitland and Burlington P. P.. 26 m. from Burlington. Drainehing village, with numerous stores and mamifactfirics. New Hope. p. o.. Spartanburg district. S. Car.: S5 ra. N. W. bv N. Columbia. 541 NEW- NEW New Hope, p. v., Caroline co., 3rd.: 30 m. E. Aniuipolis. Kew Hope, p. v., Augusta county, Virg.: on creek of Shenandoah r., 87 m. W. N. W. Uichmond. New HoL-bE, p. o., Tork diaU, S. du'.: 73 m. N. by W. Columbia. .New Hudson, U and p. o., AllcKhany co., K. Y. : 239 m. "W'. by S. Albany. Surface undulating; soil good for grass. Drained by Black cr., etc. Pop. 1,435. New Hukley, p. o., Ulster co., X. Y. ; on E. side of the Wallkill, on a branch, 7G ni. S. by W. Albany. New Iberia, p. v., St. Miirlin's par., La. : on 'W. side of Bayou Toche, -iS m. S. W. Baton Kougc. New Inlet, N. Cat: : the passage between Federal Point and Smith's Island, 25 m. S. Wilmington. Newisgton, p. o. and sta., Uarltbrd co., Conn.: 5 m. S. W. by S. Hartford, on Hartford and New Haven K. P., and Hartford and Fi^likill li. li. The inbabitanta are chiefly engaged in agriculture. Newinoton, t. and p. o., Kockingham co., JVI Jlump.: on Piscataqua r., bounded W. by Gr^-at Bay, 85 m. E. S. E. Concord. The soil is sandy and uuproductivc, except on the streams. Pop. 472. New Ipswicu, t. and p. v., Ilillsboro' county, JV! Uamp. : 37 m. S. W. by S. Concord. Drained by Soubegan r. and branches ; soil fertile. There are several cotton factories in this I. ; the first was erected in 1S03. The academy in the v* was incorporated in 17S9, and has educated many distin- guished men; 1 bank, cap. $iOO,OOa Pop. of t. 1,S77. New Jaspeb, p. o., Greene county, Ohio: 50 m. W. S. W. Columbus. THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY. New Jersey lies between 3S0 53' and 41° 21' latitudes north, and between 73* 5S' and 75^ 29' longitudes west from Greenwich, or 1^ 33' and 3*3 04' east from "Washington. It is bounded on the north by New York ; on the cast by New York, from which it is here separated by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean ; on Iho south by the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay, the latter dividing it from the State of Delaware, and on the west by the Delaware River, which separates it from Pennsylvania. The State is almost encircled by water, the Hudson River, the Atlantic Ocean, and Delaware Bay and River, surrounding it, except on the north, where its boundary is a conventional line running north- west from a point on the Hudson River, in lal. 41^ N. to the Delaware River, which it strikes in lat 41° 21'. It greatest length from Cape May to Carpenter's Point is 167 miles, and its breadth varies from 40 to 96 miles, being narrowest in Uie centre. The superficies of , the State is 8,320 square miles. The north-western part of the State is billy, rather than mountainous, being traversed by the prolongation of several mountain ridges from Pennsylvania. These iiills nowhere rise to a great height, but they abound in bold and varied scenery, and are interspersed with fertile and pleasant valleys, comprising some of the finest lands in the Union. Schooley'a Mountain, the most prominent of these elevations, is much resorted to in summer, on account of the salubrious effect of its atmosphere, and for the purpose of using its mineral waters, which possess medicinal properties. The eastern line of the State is formed by a bold ridge of trap rock, called the Palisades, or Cloister Hill, wbicb, presenting a precipitous wall to the river at several places, as atWcebawken, 200 feet in height, gives an air of picturesque wildness to the scenery. This wall of rock extends about 20 miles along the shore, and forms one of the principal objects which distinguish the noljle panorama of the Hudson River, and many historical recollections and national traditions ara connected with its localities. The southern part of the State, from Earitan Bay and Trenton to Cape May, consists of a great sandy plain, nowhere rising more than 60 feet above the sea, except at the Navesink Hills, which, although only 300 feet high, form a prominent object on the general level. Frnni the low projecting sand-bank, called Sandy Hook, opposite the Narrows, to the similarly formed point of Cape May, the whole eastern coast consists of a long line of sandy beaches, here and there interrupted by inlets, and inclosing narrow, shallow lagoons, behind which extends for several miles inland a low marshy tract This coast is constantly changing— several old inlets having been closed, and new ones opened since the settlement of the country; and ln-ing exposed to the heavy surf of the Atlantic, and affording no efficient harbors, it has been the scene of many dreadful shipwrecks. Barnegat, Great Egg Harbor, and Little Egg Harbor inlets, are the principal points of access to the inland waters. The south-western coast on Delaware Bay consists chiefly of a strip of salt marsh, which gradually terminates in the predominating sandy plain. On the shores of the Delaware River the land is more elevated, the line being intersected by the mountain ridges tending eastward from the State of Pennsylvania, and over a ledge of which, crossing the Delaware River, the Fulls of Trenton leap. The rivers of New Jersey are better adapted for economical purposes than for navigation. None of them admit of the passage of ships of a large size. The Haekcnsack and the P:issaie fall into Newark Bay. The former, which rises in New York, near the line of this Slate, is navigable for sloops to Ilackensack village, 15 miles from its moutli, and the latter, which rises in Morris County, after receiving several considerable streams from the north-west and south, has a fall of 72 fi'cl at Paterson. The great falls of the Passaic are surrounded by a scene of wild beauty, but much of their natural magnififence has been destroyed by turning their waters for mill purposes, and it is now only in time of flood that their normal grandeur is recognized. From these falls the course of the river is south, and it is navigable for small vessels from Aquackannock to its confluence with the Bay, a distance of 12 miles. About 5 or six miles above Paterson, the river has another descent ()f 51 feet, by two leaps, and a rocky rapid in the distance of half a mile — these descents are called the Little Falls of the Passaic. The Raritan, which is navigable for small craft to New Brunswick, 17 miles up, rises to the south of the hills; and liaving collected the waters of its several tributaries, it takes a course eastward, almost across the State, and falls into Raritan Bay, opposite tlie southern point of Staten Island. The principal streams in the southern part of the State are Great an f mnd here large quantities of grai>hite. Black mica is found on the !!amapo Uiver, near the Monroe works, and highly tnagtielic iron ore- in Sehoolcy's and Musconetong mounfjiins. Wallkill Valley, west of the Hamburg Mountains, is noted fur the number and variety of its minerals. The l)oltom of the valley rests on white chrystaline limestone and marble. The first bed of minerals, which is at Fr.ankliu Furnace, appears like a black mountain mass, but it contains iron ore, very little magnetic, and, as a new metallic combinatioo. it lias received the name of " Fraiiklinitc." It is composed of 00 per cent, of iron, 16 of zinc, and 17 of red oxide of manganese. This ore is not only irreducible to iron, but it obstructs tlie fusion of other ores. Large masses of this mineral are also found at Sterling. In Scliol's Mountain, capacious mines of magnetic iron ore are worked, and the same exists plentifully through the whole primitive region. At Mendham a beautiful marble is found, which is capable of being highly polished, and is suitable for ornamental architecture, resembling much in its appearance the marble of Florence. The recently discovered zinc mines of Sussex County are among the most valuable of the world, and are now being successfully worked by the New -Tersey Exploring and Mining Company. The principal mines are at Sterling Hill, on the westerly side of Wallkill. Fctliated, or lamellar zinc, which has hitherto been considered a rare production and highly prized for cabinet eolleetions, is abundant in these mines, and in one instance a mass weighing iivcr l,2uo pounds, seven-tenths of wliich was foliated, was excavated. The ore, however, is chiefly in the form of red oxide associated with iron and manganese, neither of which being volatile leave a very line metal on reduction. The zinc ores of Kurnpo are either carbonates or sulphurets, ami in many instances are mechanically combined with galena, arsenic, and anti- mony, volatile metals which deteriorate the chemical purity of the fused metal. The company working these mines is at the present time confining its operations to the manufacture of zinc paint, and for this purpose have erei'ted extensive works at Newark. This paint is said to be more durable and less liable to injure the health than the paints having the "oxides of lead for their bases. The soils of New Jersey vaiy materially with the topography of the country. The mountain .section is principally in its natural slate, only now and then a cuUivatcd farm being seen on the hill-sides. Tlie soil best adaj)ted for agricultural purposes is found in the alluvial valleys, in which every description of farm vegetable is successfully cultivated. Tho sandy plain in the south is not unfruitful, but the soil requires some consideraI>le preparation to render it i)ri>fitable to industry. Clay and marl abound in some district-s and are eminently useful to the farmers as manures for the more sterile soils. The vegetation of New Jersey is similar to that of the central region of the United Slates generally : on the mountains are found the oak, pine, and other forest trees, which in many instances occupy large tracts, in which the deer, bear, wolf, and most of the wild animals indigenous to that region still roam. Ahumlance of stunted oaks and other trees cover the southern plain, and these, though useless for building purposes, have been found a valuable resource for steamboats and for consumption at the glass-houses which have been established in lliis region. The middle section is the most highly improved and wealthy part of the State. The apples and cider of tliis .section are as noted for their superior quality as the i)eaches of the southern section, and these find a ready market in New York and Philadelphia. The climate of New Jersey is in many resiiectssimihar to that of Southern New York, but is much influenced I>y locality and elcvatirm: in tlie north, where the hills are higJu^st, it is nuich cooler than in the south, wliere the influence of the ocean is most I'llt, and where a low situation and reflecting saTids aceunuilate heat in the superincumbent atmosphere. lu those parts where the mephilic vapors of the swan)])S taint the air witli their poison, agues and fevers of a malignant type prevail, but generally the State, especially in the higher lands, is very salubrious, and at Shrewsbury, on the eastern coast, and at Cape May in the summer season invalids and pleasure-seekers find a balmy retreat, in which they may enjoy all the luxuries and benefits of country retirement and refined society. The earliest estimate of the inhabitants of New Jersey was that of ITOl, when the number was stated at 15.000 ; in 1760, it had increased to 60,000, and on the taking of the first United States census in 17£I0, it amounted to 1S4.13!}. From the latter period to 1S40, its decennial rate of increase was very equal, having generally not varietl nuicli from 15 per cent.; but from IS-tO to 1S50, this rate hx-i been doubled, most probably a result attributable to the influx of people from New York and Philadelphia, who, while doing business in those cities have their families residing on their ojiposite shores, and perhaps in some measure to the immigration of persons engaged in the manufactories and mines, which of late years have attracted the attention of capital in a greater degree than formerly. The general movement of the population will exhibit the results more definitely, and are as exhibited in the subjoined table : Colored Persons. rierenjiiiil IrnTc.i'e. IVnrs. IVrv,.,., Frr-e .'JIave. T.ilal. Fo|iiihition. Nun.cnial. J'er cent. 1790 .... . . . . lf.9.054 . . . . .... 2.762. ....11,423.... .14,1S5 ..., 1<4.139 — ... — isno .... .... W^,Vl'> .... .... 4.402. ....12,422... .lG,S-24 . . . 211.949 .... 27.S10 .... . . . 1.5.1 ISIO .... ... .226,501 .... .... 7,SJ3. ....10,S51.... .18,094 ... 24."),.')5.5 . . . . 8.).60(; .... ... 1.5.9 1820.... . . . . 2.57,409 . . . . ....12,IM9. .... 7,557.... .20,106 ... 277,.57.5 .... .... S2.020 .... , . . . 13.0 1S30.... ....300,466.... ....IS.10.3. .... 2,2.54.... .2n,.357 ... 32I1.V23 . . . . 4:!,2JS .... ,... 1.5.5 IMO .... ....851,5&S.... ....21,044. .... 074.... .21.715 ... 373,300 .... . . . . .')2.453 . . . , , ... 16.3 1S50.... ....466,240 .... 2:3,093. 222 . . . , ,.23,315 ... 4s9,555 .... .... 116,249 .... .... 31.1 M3 NEW JERSEY. Dwell. Pop. . 1,5S1.. S,961 . 2,000.. 14,725 , 7,850. .4.5,203, . 1,21S.. 6,4.33 , 4,030.. 25,423, 3,2S1. .17,189. Essex 10,904. .73,950. .1,745. .830, Gloucester 2,000.. 14,655.. 954.. 141, Hudson 2,SC1.. 21,821.. 254.. 52, Hunterdon. . . . 5,107. .2S,9S9. .2,436. .309, Atlantic Bergen Burlington... Cape M;iy.... Canulen Cumberland.. .1,123. .1,033. . 2S5. . 731. . SS4. Capitals, .May's Landing .llacken.'»ack .Mount Holly .CapeM.ay C. H. . Camden .Bridgeton .Newark . Woodbury .Bergen .Flemington Dwell. f^'P' i„cult. E»t,,b. Capitals. 4,624. .27,993. .1,051. .191. .Tkextos 4,057. .23,035. .1,523. .190. .New Brunswick 6,1,55. .80,313. .2,014. .377. .Freehold 5,076. .80,159.. 1,843. .242. 52. .247. .142. .1.37. .MorrisIo\rn ..Tom's River V. . Paterson .Salem .Somerville .134. .Newton .341..Belvidere New Jersey is divided into 20 counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : Farms Manuf. iti cult. Kstab. 327.. 62. .May's Landing Mercer Middlesex .. Monmouth . . Morris Ocean. a,753. .10,032. . 379. I'as.?aic S,.309.. 22,575.. 610. Salem 8,545. .19,467. .1,313. Somerset 3,443. .19,6,38. .1,650. Su5.sex 3,S51 . .22,939. .1,653. Warren 3,854. .22,358. .1,1)37. The whole number of dwellings in the State w.as, at the above dat«, 81,004; of families, 89,030; and of inhabitants, 489,555; viz., whiles 406,240— males 233,746, and females 232,494; fr. col. 23,093— males 11,542, and females 11,551, and si. 222. or the whole population there wore, deaf and dumb—vh. 192, fr. col. 11, si. 0— total 203; Wind — wh. 136. fr. col. 27, si. 0— tot,al 213; insane— vh. 375, fr. col. II, si. 0— total 336; and idiotic— wh. 310, fr. col. 10, si. 0— total 326. The number of free persons born in the United States was 434,431, the number of foreign birth 439,326, and of birth unknown 521. Tho native population originated as follows : Mc. 287, N. Hamp. 301, Verm. 230, Mass. 1,494, E. I. 264, Conn. 2,l(,i5, N. T. 20,561, mic Jersey 855,429, Penn. 16,014, Del. 1,334, Md. 1,400, DisL of Col. 82, Virg. 623, N. Car. 93, S. Car. 141, Ga. 37, Flor. 17, Ala. 30, Miss. 43, La. 83, Tex. 6, Ark. 2, Tenn. 21, Ky. 64, Oh. 372, Mich. 60, Ind. 61, 111. 61, Mo. 25, la. 7, "Wise. 15, Calif 3, Territories 1 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons from — England 11,377, Ireland 81,092, Scotland 2,26.3, Wales 110, Germany 10,630, France 942, Spain 23, Portugal 16, Belgium 43, Holland 357, Italy 30, Austria 20, Switzerland 204, Bussia 22, Denmark 28, Norway 4, Sweden 34, Prussia 57, Sardinia 1, Greece 4, China 4, Asia 10, Africa IS, British America 531, Central America 2, Mexico 23, South America 27, West Indies 265, and other countries 00. The sl.atislics of the wealth, industry, and institutions of the State, as exhibited in the census returns of 1850, and other official documents referring lo the same period, are as follows : Oeeupied Lands^ etc. — Improved farm land, 1,767,991 acres, and nnimproved land, 984,985 acres — together valued in cash at $120,237,511. The total number of farms under cultivation Ist June, 1850, was 23,905. Value of farming imple- ments and machinery, $4,425,503. iwc-Stocfc— Horses, 63,955 ; asses and mules, 4,039 ; milch cows. 113,736; working oxen, 12,070; other cattle, 80,455 ; sheep, 160,483; and swine, 250,370 — valued in the aggregate at $10,679,291. The live-stoctin 1840 numbered as follows: horses, mules, etc., 70,502 ; neat cattle of all kinds, 220,202 ; sheep, 219,285 ; and swine, 261,443. Products of Animals.— Vfoo\, 375,396 (in 1340, 897,207) pounds ; butter, 9,487,210 pounds ; cheese, 365,756 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered during the year, $2,633,552, Silk cocoons were produced to the amount of 23 pounds, and beeswax and honey to that of 156,694 pounds. Grain Crops.— Wheal, 1,601,190 bushels ; rye, 1,2.55,578 bushels ; Indian com, 8,759,704 bushels ; oats, 3,873,003 bushels ; barley, 6,492 bushels; and buckwheat, 878,934 busheK The crops, according to the census of 1340, were .is follows: wheat, 774,203 bushels; r\'e, 1,065,620 bushels; Indian corn, 4,361,975 bushels; oats, 3,033,524 bushels; barley, 12,501 bushels ; and buckwheat, 856,117 bushels. Other Food Crops. — Peas and beans, 14,174 bushels ; and potatoes — Irish, 3,207,236 bushels, and sweet, 508,015 btishels. The potato crop of 13-39 amounted to 2,072,009 bushels. Jliscelktneons Crops. — Tobacco, 310 pounds; hay, 4.35,950 tons; clover-seed, 23,280 bushels; other grass-seed, 6-3,061 bushels: hops, 2,133 pounds ; flax, 182,965 pounds; flax-seed, 16,525 bushels; raaple sugar, 2.197 pounds ; molasses, 954 gallons: wine, 1,811 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $607,268, and of market-garden products $475,212. The following table exhibits the crops of certain staples in 1840 and 1350 comparatively : St.-iple3. 1840. IWO. Movement. Wool 897,207 pounds 875.396 pounds deer. 21,611 pounds, or 5.5 per cent. Wheat 774.203 bushels 1.601.190 bushels incr. 826,937 bushels, or 106.3 " Indian Corn 4,301,975 " 8,7.59,704 " mw. 4,397,7'29 " or lOO.S " Potatoes 2,072.009 " 8,71.5,251 " jn<-c. 1,64-3,182 " or 79.3 " Hay 8.34,861 tons 435,950 tons iner. 101,089 tons, or 80.2 " Some-made mamtfaciures for the year ending 1st June, 1850, were valued at $112,781. The same description of goods, according to the census of 1340, were valued at $201,025. Manufactures. — Aggregate capital investt-d, $00,000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc. used, $0,000,000 ; average number of hands employed, 00,000— males 00,000, and females 0,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,000— male .$000,000, and female $00,000 ; v.ilue of products for the year, $00,000,000. Capital employed in msnufactures in 1840, $11,517,532. The whole number of industrial establishments producing to the value of $500 and uj)ward annually, on the 1st June, 1850, was 4,374 ; and of these 21 were cotton factories, 41 woolen factories, 133 tanneries, and 103 iron manufactories, viz., 10 for pig iron, 45 for castings, and 53 for -wrought iron. The cotUm factories have capit,il, $1 ,48:3,500 ; use annu.illy, 1,437 bales of cotton, 4,467 tons of coal and other material, valued in gross at $660,045 ; hamls employed, 1,712 — 616 males, and 1,096 females ; monthly cost of labor, $21,565 ; vidue of products for the year, $1,109,524; products, 8,122,580 yards sheeting, etc., and 2,000,000 pounds yam. Capital in 1S40, .$1,722,810. The icoolen factories have capital $494,274; wool consumed annually, 1.510.289 pounds; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $543,867 ; hands employed, 893 — 111 males, and 4S7 females; monthly cost of labor, $14,.559— nude $10,:W7, and fe- male $4,192 ; annual products, 771,100 yards cloth, and 850,000 pounds yam; value of enlire products, $1,104,446. Capital in 1840, $341,0,50. The tanneries have capital $572.357 ; value of hides and skins med annually, $423..537 ; hands employed, 405 ; monthly cost of Labor, $8,9 JO ; skins tanned 120,731, and sides leather tanned, 202,970 ; value of entire producis, $724,406 Capital in 1840, $415,728. 544 NEW JERSEY. Tlie iron manuAicture for tlic year IS4.9-0O, 13 exhibited in the foUowiug statistics: OUT.iiOn. 61. -.'CO 2().S(55. ,0^1.0110 332.707 GllO 12,7'iO 10,666 850, 5.+M. 175.SOO 301,0« SOS 19,844 24,031 10,259. 500,544 CS6,4-30. CasIiHga. Wroiiglit Iron. Totnl. 603,260 1,016,843 2,577,093 — 14.649 C.5,815 10,430 21,096 — 350 4.507.... 1,9941S0,... 320,950..., .593..., 10,473.... S.1U2.... C29,2T8.... 30,816 8,790,980 954,705 1.996 48.637 42,452 1,S7(;,247 S|ierifi(;itionB. Capita! invested fiollar;* Iron nre used tniis Pis iron " Old iron '• Aliiicr.ll coal " Cnlvc and charcoal bushels. . ., Yaluc of raw material, fuel, etc dollars II;uids eni|)loyed number. . . Monthly cost of labor dollars Metal produced tons Value of entire products dollars —Capital in 1S40, $1,721,?20. Besides the above. New Jersey is disting^iislied for its machine shops, saddleries, carriage and locomotive factories, jew- elry works, glass-houses, potteries, fire-bride yards, paper manufactories, small arms facLiries, distilliries, paint-works, etc. and h.is also a largo number of grist, saw, and other mills. The principal seaLs of manufaeturrntr industry in the State are Newark and Patterson. Trenton and Jersey City have also considerable Dianufacturing interests, and many of the interior towns are employed in the manufacture of shoes and boots, hats, etc. C'>mmert;>. — The foreign business of New Jersey is mostly transacted at the ports of New York and rhiladelijhia. and hence the direct commerce as reported in the Cniled States treasury return?, is conii)aratively insignillcant. The value of direct C-vports to foreign countries in the year ending 30th June, 1S50, w.is $1,655, arul llie value of import.s ,$1 404, En- trances 17 (1,601 tons), and clearances 11 (1,131 tons). Total amount of shipping owned in the State at the jjeriod above referred to, ,SO,300 tons, viz.: registered shipping 201 tons, enrolled and licensed 8hii>ping 77,735 tons, and liceuseil ship- ping (vessels under 20 tons), 2,364 tons. Of the enrolled and licensed shi[)ping, 5,4s9 tons are navigated by steam. The importance of the several districts in relation to their tonnage is as follows: Perth Amboy 22.084, Briilgetowu 14,472 Great Egg Harbor 14,084, Burlington 7,578, Camden 5.509, Newark 6.G2S, Little Egg Harbor 6,1S3. Fmy-seven vessels of all kinds, with an aggregate capacity of 0,242 tons, were built during 1849-50, viz., I ship, 1 brig, :36 schooners, 17 sloops, and 3 steamers ; and of the whole number and capacity. Perth Amboy built 21 (2.037 tons), Bridgetown 9 ^926 Ions). Camden 9 (425 tons), Newark 2 (271 tons). Little Egg Harbor 5 (.599 tons), and Groat Egg Harbor 11 (1,342 tons). The value of the commerce of New Jersey for a aeries of years from 1791, e.vhibits the following variations : Ye«r. Eiiiiort3. 1791 .... J36.9SS 1792 .... 23,406 1793 54 179 1794 .... 68,1.54 1795 .... 130,814 1790 .... 69,227 1797 .... IS.lCl 1798 . . . 61.877 1799 9.722 Isoo. o o^q ISOl .... 2.5.406 1802 .... 26.227 1803 .... 21,311 1804 .... 24.829 1805. ... 1<06 . . . . •33.807 1807 .... 41.186 1808 20,799 1809 ... 319,175 ISIO ... 430,207 Imr>irta. Exports. $1,871 4,186 10,260 5,279 9,740 5,849 Ye,ir. ISll 1812 1S1.3 1814.... 1815.... ISlC... 1817.... 1818 2.5,9.57 1819 1,474 1,820 20.611 1S2I 33,711 1822 83,551 1823 20.064 1824 23,989 1825 47.213 1826 37,905 1827 25,627 1828 1,822 1S29 S,(rj2 1830 8,324 Inifiorta, 17,606 103,190 5.933 637.618 27,083 40.004 338,497 706.S72 786.247 13,444 IVar. 1831. 1832. 1838. 1834. 1836. 1837. 18.38. l!539. 1840. 1841. 1.842. 4843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1-48. 1849. 1850., ET|,f,rt3. Imports. $11,430 . . .. $ 61,794 .. 70,460 32,753 . . 170 8.131 . . 4.492 74,041 . . 18.932 62,809 . . 24,263 44,217 . . 09,153 23.010 .. 1,700 98.076 . . 4,182 16,076 .. 19.209 19,166 .. 2,315 70.909 . . 145 10.621 . . 18.139 .. 17,670 S29 4,057 . . 635 19,123 .. 4,837 62 .. 1,8:15 863 . . 4,253 1,055 . . 1,494 Internal Improvfmient. — The railroads of New Jersey, as well as the canals, are mostly constructed -with a view to intercourse between New York and Pennsylvania. The Tnion P.ailroad is the only line running in any other direction, and this connects the tnivel west and cast on the New York and ICrie P.aill-oad with New York, passing through P;iter^on, one of the chief manufacturing cities of the State. The canals are, tho Morris Canal and the Dehiware and Karitan Canal— the first extending from Easlon to Jersey City, anil Ibrining an outlet of tho anthracite region of Pennsylv.nnia; and the latter extending from Bordentown and Trenton, on the Delaware, to New Brunswick, on the P.aritan, iuid is the channel through which the coal of Maryland is brought to tlie New York market. All these lines are of iutiuile ad- vantage to internal commerce .and through travel. The total length of completed railroad in the State oathe l.st January, 1S5.3, was 348 miles, being in the proportion of 1 mile to every 27 square miles of territory and to every 1,400 inhabitants. BiinkH.—Qn the 1st January, 1851, there were 26 banks in o|ieration. and their condition in the aggregate at that i)erlod was as follows: Zm?J.900 ; circulation, ¥3.046.668 : deposits. $2,411,861 ; due other banks, .$373,4.58 ; and (Ksffc—loans and discounts, $7,058,977; real estate, $270,.546 : other investments, $183,408: duo by other b:inks, $I,.57S,06S; specie, $622,884. Since tho above return was made a Free Banking Law has been adopted, and numerous banks have organized under its provisions. Tho constitution under which the State Is organized was adopted on the 13th August, 1844, and went into operation on the 2d September of the same year. Tho rhjU of voting is concedelrovince became involved in Ihe wars of that country: and though remote from the scene of acti(m, we find It contributing on several occasions to the expeditions undertaken for the conquest of Ihe French possessions. The last royal govirrior of the province was William Temple Franklin, a son of (he celebrated Benjamin Franklin. During the Revolution New Jersey sulTered much, and Trenton, Princeton, Millstone, Red Bank, and Monmouih, arc famous as NEW NEW the scenes of Amoricau triumphs. When the blessings of peace were again restored to the United Slates, New Jersey soon recovered its former prosperity ; and the usual accompaniment of prosperity, a barreuuess of striking events, atleuds her history from that period. TiiENTON, on the Delaware, is the political capital of the State. Nkw Jerusalem, p, c, Berks co., Penn. : 5S m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Tliere are in this vicinity beds of iron ore, a furnace, and a forge. New Kent county, Virg. Situate toward the E., and contains 241 sq. m. Drained by Panmnky and Chickhominy rivers, branches of James and York rivers. Surface level; soil of average fertility. Staples, wheat, oats, and Imlian corn. Farms 313; raanuf. 12; dwell. 535, and pop.— wh. 2.221, fr. col. 433, si. 3,-ilO— total 6,064. Oipitat: New Kent C. If. New Kent, p. v., and cap. New Kent eu., Virff. : 25 m. E. Richmond. Besides the court-house and jail, it contains only a few dwellings. New Kingston, p. c, Cumberland county, Pemu: 15 ra. "W". by 3. IJarrisburg. New Kirk's Mills, p. o., Fulton county, N. Y. : 49 m. N. "W. Albany. New Lancaster, p. o., Tipton co., Ino: 126 m. E. N. E. by N. Columbus, on N. side of Middle Fork 54S of Little Beaver r., and on the Sandy and Beaver Canal. The r. furnishes a large water-power, which is used by several saw-mills, flour-mills, and factories. Besides the court-house and jail, it contains 7 churches. Four news- papers are publislied weekly, "American Palladium"' (.whig), "American Patriot," " Ohio Patriot" (dcra.), "Aurora" (F. S). New London county. Conn. Situate S. E., ami contains 550 sq. ra. Drained by Thames r. formed by the junction fif Yanlic and Shetucket rivers, which supply good water- power. Connecticut r. bounds it on the S. W. and Pawcatuek on the S. E. Surface hilly; soil fertile and adapted to the ])roduetion of diflcrent kinds of grain. On Long Island Sound, which bounds it ou the S., arc a number of fine harbors. Chief productions, wheat, Indian corn, oats, and potatoes. Farms 2,619 ; manuf 705; dwell. S,336, and pop. — wh. 50,323, fr. col. 1,493— total 51,S2I. Capital: New London. Public Worls : New Haven and New Londcm K. II. ; New London and Stonjngton E. II. ; New London, Willimantic, and Palmer li. 11. ; Norwich and Worcester K. K., etc. New London, t, p. city, port of entry, and semi-cap. New London co., Coim. : on W. bank of Thames r., 3 n\. from its entrance into Long Island Sound, 43 m. S. E. Hartford, 4=3 m. E. New Haven. Lat. N. 41^ 22', long. W. 72° 9'. The harbor is the best in the State, and one of the best in the United States. It has a depth of 30 feet, is spacious and safe. Its entrance is narrow and defended by forts Trumbull and Griswold; the former is garrisoned by a company of U. S. Artillery. It is one of the whaling j)orts of New England. In 1&49 it received 1,949 barrels of sperm oil, 38,030 barrels of whale oil, and 301,100 pounds of whalebone. The city is built upon an acclivity, rising from the r. toward the W. and N. Back of the city is a summit of high ground, where the observer has a fine view of the harbor and surrounding country. The surface is uneven, lying on granite rocks, on which account the city was laid out irregularly ; but lately various improvements have been made. This t. was settled in 164(1, and a large portion of it burnt by the British under Arnold, Sept. 6, 1731. It contains the county buildings, 7 churches, academies, etc. There are 3 banks with capital of $414,625. New London is con- nected by railroad with New Haven, 50 m. ; with Willimantic, SO m. ; and with Worcester from Allyn's Point, C6 m. There is also a daily line of steamboats from New York. Two newspapers are published daily, *• Chronicle" (whig), and '^ Morning Star" (dem.); two weekly, " Chninicle," and ''Democrat." This is the principal port in the State; and the inhabitants are extensively engaged in the coasting trade and the fisheries. On the 30th June, 1350, the total tonnage of this district was 40.4S5 tons. The registered tonn:ige was 2;i,364 tons, of wliich 22,504 were permanent and S60 temporary; 2.622 tons were in the whale fishery. The enrolled and licensed tonnage was 17.121 tons, of which 16,173 tons were permanent, 3.S79 propelled by steam, 11,577 were in the coasting trade, 3,594 in cod fishery, 1,007 in mackerel fishery ; of tonnage licensed under 20 tons, ISl Ions were in the coasting trade, and 762 in cod fisherj\ During the year preceding, the clearances for foreign countries were IS — 4.943 tons; number of entrances, do., 26 — 7,376 tons; number of vessels built, 8 (schooners)— 606 tons. Pop. iu 1S30, 4,356; in 1840.5,519; in 1S50. 9.000. New London, p. v., Henry county, Ja. : 51 m. S. by E, Iowa City. New London, p. r., Frederick co., Md.: 50 m. N. W. Annapolis. New London, p. v., and cap. IJalls co., Mo. : on S. side Salt r., 30 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. New London, t. and j). o., Merrimac co., N. Ramp, : NEW NEW 27 m. N. W. by W. Cnncord. Surface uneven; soil gotxi. Sunipoe lake lies on i(s S. W. border; and tliore are 3 otlier pouds in Ihe t. At llie outlet of Pieof^iint pond, on Black- water r., is a scythe factory, making 3(j,ooi) scytlies yearly. Pop. 94o. New Londox, p. v., Oneida co., A^. Y. : 102 m. W. N. W. Albany, on Erie Canal. New London, p. v., Howard co., Tn>/. : on S. side of "Wild Cat cr. of \Yabash r.. 48 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. New Loxdon. t, p. v., and sta., ITiiron co., Ohio: S2 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Veriniilion r. and branches. The V. is situated on E. siilo nf ihe r. The Cincinnati, Cleve- land, and Colvinibus 1!. II. passes Ihroui^h it, 47 m. frora Cleveland, 8S m. from Colvmibus. Pop. of U 1,329. New London, p. v., Campbell oo., V?'rff. : on branch of St;miil«m r.. f>S m. W. by 8. rJehnmnd ; is one of llie o|de!*t towns in the Stal<\ (houiih of small pnpulali., Ind. : 1 m. E. Llinois State line, 70 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. New Market, p. v., Marion co., Ky. : on N. side of Knlling Fork of Salt r., 48 m. S. S. W. Frankfurt. New Market, p. v., Fredi\ : $0 m. N. E. Trenton, and 17 ra. from Elizabethport, on the New Jersey Central K. IE. New Market, p. v., Randolph co., y. Car.: CO m. W. Raleigh. Nbw Market, p. v. Van Buren co., Tir, .• on S. side of Des Moines r., 63 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. New Market, t. and p. o., Highland co., Ohio: 63 m. S. W. by S. Columlnis. Pop. I.ri2s, New Market, p. o., Abbeville district, /^. Car.: C3 m. W. by. N. Columbia. New Market, p. v., Jefferson county, Taut.: ISO m. E. Nashville. New Market, p. v., Shenandfiah co.. Virg. : on the N. fork of the Slienandoah r., OS m. N. W. Richmond. New Market, p. o., Monroe county. Git.: 43 ra. W. Miltedg.nille. New Market, p. o., Lewis co., Orf{/. T'V. : on a sonthcrn inlet of Pueet Sound, \4S m. N. by E. Salem. New ^lARLBORorGn, t. au'l p. v., Berkshire co., Jfa-^s. : 112 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by Konkapot r, and a small lake with its outlet in tlie S. part of tlie town, which empties into Blackberry r., in Conn. Surface generally uneven, with a ridge of high hills traversing from N. to S. ; soil adapted to grazing. The t. contains several stores and manulaet (tries. Pop. 1,'^7. New MARTrNsvii-LE, p. o., Wet/.el county, Virg. : 225 m. N. W. Richmond. New Maysvillk, p. v., Putnam county, TikI. : 30 ni. W. Indianapolis. New Maysville, p. o., Pike county, III. : W. by S. Springfield. THE TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. New Mexico, as now organized, Itps between the latitudes 3'20 and 38°. and stretches east and west between Texas on the one liand and Utah and Cahforiiia on tlio other. Its definite bonndary begins "at a point in the Colorado Kiver, where the boundary line ol' the Ttepublio of Mexico crosses the same; thence eastwardly with said boundary line to the Ki" Grande ; Ihence I'ullnwin!; the main channel of said river to the parallel of the 3'2d degree of north latitude ; thence eastward with same degree to lis intersection with the l(«d degree of Icmgitude west from Greenwich ; thence mirlli with said degree of longitude to the parallel of the 3Slh degree of nurlh latitude; tlieiu^e west with saiil parallel to llie summit of the Sierra Madre; thence soutli with the crest of sai'l mountinns to the 37th parallel of north latitude; Ihence wi'st with the said parallel to its intersection with the boundary line of the Slate of Califoniia ; thence with the said boundary lino to the place of beginning." Within these boundaries the area is estimated at 210,744 square miles. That portion of New Sfexico westward of Ihe Sierra Madre can only bo considered as a tempor.ary appendage to the Territory. It is bounded south by the Vm Gila, and extends norlh lo the S7th parallel, be'ng watered by the Colorado and numerous affluents of the river bounding it on the south. In the imrth-east part it is occupied by consideraltle nmuut- ains and mountain valleys, and the whole eastern line is also mountainous .and rugged. The interior forms a varied country, with much line agricultural lands, and the country bordering on the Gila, which is hilly and broken, abounds in mint^ of copper, gold, silver, etc., accounts of which are reconleil by the Commissioners of Ihe iiouudary Survey. It is divided into Ihe counties of Kio Arriba and Socorro, and comprises about two-fifths of the area of the Territory. It i3 549 NEW MEXICO. solely inhabited by Indians — the Naviijoes in the norlh-east, the Apaches ia the east and south-east, the Pimos in Ihc west and south-west, and the Pah-Utahs in the norlh-west. New Mexico proper, in its general aspect, is mountainous, wilh a large valley in Ihe middle, ruuning from norili to south, and formed by the Rio Grande. The valley is generally about twenty miles wide, ami bordered on iho east and ■west by mountain chains, continuations of the Rocky Mountains, which have here received various names, as Sierra Blanca, Sierra de los Orgauos, Sierra Oscura, etc., on the east side, and Sierra Madrc, Sierra de los Grullas, de Acha, de los Mimbres, etc., on the west side. The height of these mountains south of Santa I'"6 may, upon an average, be from 6,000 to SjUUO feet, while near Santa F6, and in the more norlliern regions, wjme snow-capped peaks are seen (hat may rise from 10,000 to 12,000 feet above the sea. The mountains arc principally composed of igneous rocks, as sieuite, gran- •. ite, diorit, basalt, etc. On the higher mountains excellent pine timber grows ; on the lower, cedars, and sometimes oaks, and in the central valleys, mezquite, etc. i The main artery of Kew Mexico is the Eio Grande, a large and long river. Its head waters were explored in ISOT' by Captain Pike, between 31^ and 38^ north latilude, but its higliest sources are some two r a hundred miles, as far as Gran Quivira, and north one hundred and twenty miles up to the Rio Sangre de Cristo. The poorer classes occupy much of tlieir time in washing out gold dust, which is largely deposited in the mountain streams about Santa F6 ; these washings are very rich, and some gold mines are also worked there. These mines, according lo Dr. Wislizenus, are the only mines of any consequence worked at the present time in all New Mexico. Several rich silver mines were worked by the Spaniards at Avo, at Cerrillos, and in the Nambe Mountains, but operations have long since ceased. Copper is abundant throughout the country, but especially at Las Tijeras, Jemez, Abiqui, Guadalupeta de Mora, etc. Only one mine south of the placeros is at the present time worked. Iron, though equally abundant, is entirely overlooked, being considen-d of little value, in comparison with the precious metals. Coal has been discovered in a number of places, as in the Raton Mountains, near the village of Jemez, south-west of Santa F6, and other places to the south. G>i>sum, common and selenite, is also found in large quantities; the common is used as lime for white- washing, and the selenitc or crystalline instead of window-glass. About lOO miles south-east of SanUi F6, on the high lable-lantls between the Del Norte and PecoS) are some extensive salt lakes or salinas, from which all the domestic salt used in New Mexico is procured. Largo 550 NEW MEXICO. caravans go there from the capital in the dry season, and return with as much as they eau conveniently transport, and Ihe merchants exchange their salt for wheat, i»ushel fur biishul, or st-U it for one nr even two dollars a bushel. " Not far from these Salinas," says Dr. Wislizcnus, " the ruins of an old city are found— of the fabulous ' la Gran Quiviri.' The common report in rLlation to this place is, that a very large and wuallhy city was once here situated, with vtry rich mine.", the produce of whicli was once or twice ;i year sent to Spain. At one season, when they were making extraordinary preparations for transporting the jirecious metals, the Indians altaclied tlum; whereupon the miners buried their treasures, wortli forly millions, and left the city logelher; but they were all killed except two, who went to Mexico, giving the particulars of the affair, and soliciting aid to return. But the distance being 50 great and the Indians so numerous, nobody would advance, and the thing was dropped. <,)no of the two went to New Orleans, then under Ihe dominion of Sjiain, raised five hundred men, and started liy way of the Sabine but w:is never heard of afterward. So far the report. "W'iihin the last few years several Americans and I'renehnien have visited the pLace; and allhougb they have not found Uie treasure, they certify at least to the existence of an aqueduct, abont 10 miles in length, to the stiU standing walls of several churches, Ihe sculptures of the S]ianish coat-of-arms, and to many spacious pits, supposed to be silver mines. It was, no doubt, a Spanish mining town, and it is not unlikely it was destroyed in IGSO, in the general successful insurrection of the Indians in New Mexico against the Spaniards. Dr. Samuel (i. Morton, in a late pamphlet, suggests the probability that it was originally an old Indian eily, into wliieli the Spaniards, as in several other instances, had introduced themselves, and subsequently abandonee! it, Furlher investigation, it is to be hoped, will clear up this point.'' The climate of New Mexico is generally lemperatei constant, aTid healthy. Cmisiderable atmospheric differences, however, are experienced in the fountain districts and in the low valley of the Eio Grande. In the latter, the sunmier Iieat sometimes rises to 100° Falirenheit, but the nights are always cool and pleasant. The winters are comparatively long, and the higher mountains are always covered with snow, and ice and snow are common at Santa Fe, but the main river is never frozen over strong enough to admit the passage of horses and carriages. The sky is generally clear and dry, owing to the condensation of moisture on the surrounding hills. The months of July and October iuelusive, constitute the rainy season, but the rains are neither so heavy nor so regular in tlieir returns as on the more southern part of the continenL Disease is little known, except some inflammations and typhoid fevers in the winter season. The constitution of society in New M<'xico, irrespective of the changes effected by the intermixture among the people of the American residents, is much similar to that of other nations of Spanish origin. Wliile the higher classes conform to the dictates of modern fashion, the mass of Ihe people adhere to the manners and customs of former limes. The men arc faithfid to their serajif--^, or colored blankets, and to their wide trowscrs, with glittering buttons, and split from hip to anele, to give the white cotton drawers a chance to be seenj and the women of all classes retain the reJjoso, or small pliawl, drawn over their heads, which gives them .so coquettish an appearance, and adds so greally to their irresistible charms. Both sexes enjoy their cigaritos, their siesta, and their evening amusement at monte or fandango. Their dances are very graceful, taul combine the waliz anod — it is visilile in their features, complexion, in their acta and disposals. The men are ill-featured, but the women are gracefid in their deporlJiient and manners. The difference in the sexes are nowhere m»jre observable. The men arc huy, mendaeious, treacherous, and cruel, while the women are open-hearted, and when their affections are requited, faithful wives; but they are too often considered as mere household druilges. As a general remark, the females are devoid of education, but possess a strong common sense and natural aptness and sympathy, which are often of more practical use than the most refined book education. The sufferings of the Texans captured while prosecuti.ig the Santa F6 expedilicin were much mitigated by the benevolent attentions and disinterested kindnesses of Ihe women— acts which, when contrasted with the barbarities and insults heaited ui)on them by the male portion of the inhabitants, wUl ever reflect honor on their many virtues. New Mexico is divided in seven counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows: Capitals. . San Miguel . Taos . Socorro , Valencia The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 13,453, of families 13.502, and of inhabitants Gl,505, viz.: whites 61.4SS— males 31,706, and females 29,782, fr. col. 17— males 14, and females 3. Of the whole population there were deaf and dtimh—wh. 14, fr. col. 0— total 14 ; W//t4o . . 194 .. . Jcmcz Socorro (new; . — . — . . — .. — . Santa F6 . . . .. l,50t . 7,713 . . 713 .. 6 . Sa2)ta Fe Valencia . 2,S77 . . 14,147 . . 1,379 . 1 . NEW MEXICO. 3fi.scel7dineo7is Crops.—Tohacvo, S,-1G7 poiin«is; molasses, 1,236 gallons; and wine, '2,30:5 gallons. Value of orchard proijucls, $S,231, and of market-garden prour years, and until his successor be qualified. He must reside within the territory, and is ftr-o^Wo Superintendent of Indian AtTairs. lie may pardon for otTLMist^s against the laws of the Territory, and reprieve convicted offenders against those of the United States, until the will of the President be known. A Secretary of State is appointed in like manner, for four years, unless sooner removed, who shall act as governor when said olBce is vacant, or the governor is necessarily absent. Tho JiuJiciary is vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and in justices of the peace. Tlie supreme court consists of a chief justice and two associate justices, any two of whom form a quorum. A term is held at the seat of government annually. The Territory is divided into three judicial districts, and a district court is held in each I>y ono of the justices of the Superior Court, at sucii time and place as may be prescribed by law, and the said justices are obliged to reside in the districts assigned them. The supreme and district courts possess chancery as well as common law juris- diction. "Writs of error, exceptions, and appeals from the district courts, lie to the supreme court, but in no case removed to the supreme court shall there be a trial by jury. Where the value of property in question exceeds $1,000, final appeal lies to the supreme court of the United States, Probate courts are established in the several counties. Justices of tho peace are not competent to try any cause in which the boundaries of land may be in controversy, nor where the amount claimed exceeds $100. There is also an attorney and marshal appointed for four years. The other township, district, or county officers shall be appointed or elected as the law may provide. Congressional Delegation. — A delegate to Congress shall be elected by a plurality of the qualified voters. "When the lands of the Territory shall be surveyed, under the directions of the general gorernmcnt, preparatory to bringing the same into market, sections numbered 16 and 36 in each township shall be reserved for schools iti the Territory, and in the slates and territories hereafter to be erected out of the same. The Constitution, and all the laws of the United States which are not locally inapplicable, shall have the same force and effect within the Territory as elsewhere within the United States ; and no citizen of the United States shall be deprived of his life, liberty, or property, except by the judg- ment of his peers and the laws of the land. The assessed value of all real and personal estate in the Territory, in 1S50. was $5,174,471. Religious Denominatio7}s.—HG\y Mexico is an Apostolic Vicariate of the Roman Catholic CImrch, and at present is governed by the Right Rev. John Lamy, D.D., who was consecrated November 24th, 1S50. Aceordinir to the cen-*U3 of 1S50, the number of churches of tliis denomination, which, before the session of 134S, was tho established religion, and that professed by the whole population, was UG. having accommodation for 7<),100 persons, and tho buildings being valued as property at $1S8.200. The fact of the country being now a part of the United States has done away with the exclusive nature of this church ; and although no other churches are noticed in the official returns as existing within the Territory, yet it is assumable that others do exist for the accommodation of those citizen immigrants from the old States whose religious views do not coincide with the general and popular creed. Assuredly there is no impediment to their foundation. 652 NEW NEW Ilhtorii-al Sketch. — New Mexico became known to the Spaniards about the year lo^^l, and formal possi-sj'ion was taken of liie country in I.VJS. Christianity ami slavery were early and simuUaneousIy introduced among the Indian;*, and roa- version and personal service enforced by the sword. The converted In*Iians were maile to live in villages, and were dis.- linguished from the roving bands l)y the title of Pitebhs. Many towns, of which oidy tlie ruins now remain, were estabhshed at this time. The mines were successfully workcl, and the occup;ition of the countrj' seemed to be secured, wiien, quite unexpectedly, in ICSU, a general insurrection of all the Indian trd>es broke out anaiiist the Spanish yoke. The Spaniards were cither niassacreil or driven southward, where they foinuk5^ls, a treaty of peace and cession was signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo, by ■which New Jlexieo was assigned to the iruinn. and on the 9th September, IS50, the country within its present limits w;is erected into a territorial govennnent. In the inti-rini, however, the people had formed for themselvi-s a State constitution, but this was revoked by Congress, and the country remanded back to a territorial condition, under which it is now flourishing and happy. Santa Fe, on the cast side of the Kio Grande, is the political capital of the Territory. New JficniGAN, p. o., Livingston co., Hi. : DC m. N. E. Springfield. New MrDDLETOWTi, p. v., Mahoning co., OJiio: 144 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by a cr. of Mahoning r. I^EW Miu'oRD, t. and p. v., Litchfield co.. Conn.: 11 m. "W. S. W. Hartford. 3*2 m. N. "\V. by W. New Haven, on Housaloiiic r. and It. E.. 87 m. from Bridgeport, Surface uneven and hilly : soil gravelly and clay loam, well watered by Housatonic river and its branches. The t. contains 10 churches, several tamierii's, and mills. Tlie v. is very hand- eome. the streets being wide and well shaded. Population of t. 4.5113. Nkw Mn-FOED, p. o.,"Wiunibago co.,IIl.: 1S3 ra.N. by E. Springfield, New MiLFOKn, p. o.. Orange co., K Y.: 102 m. S. by 'W. Albany. New MiLFor.D, t. ami p. v., Susquehanna co,, Penn.: 124 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Milciieirs ami Salt Lick creeks; the surface is hilly, with a soil r.f clay and gravel. There is some manufacturing done in the t. The Lackawanna and Western K. It. passes through the t., and connects with the New Tork and Erie It. E., 6 m. disLant. New Milltows, p. o,, Lancaster co., Penn. : 38 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. New Milton, p. o., Doddridge co., Virg. : 214 m. N. W. Eichmond. New Mount Pleasant, p. o., Monroe co., Penn.: 9S m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. New Moi'xT Pleasant, p. v.. Jay co., Ind. : 67 m. N. E. Indianapolis. A plank-road from Bluflfton to Eichmond passes through the v. Newkan. p. v., and cap. Coweta co., Ga. : 97 m-W. by N. Milledgeville. It contains the court-house, jail, and several stores. The La Grange R. E. passes through the v., 40 ra. from Atlanta. The " Georgia Banner" (dem.) is published ■weekly. Newnansvtlle, p. v., and cap. Alachua county, Finr. : 122 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. It cnnhiins a U. S. land office. New Ohio, p. c, Broome co., K. Y.: 112 ra. W. S. W. Albany. New Orleans, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Orleans par.. La.: on the E. or left bank of the Mississippi river, 10.5 m. above its mouth, and in a direct line TS m. S. E. Eaton Eo\i2e. Lai. 29^ 57' 30" N.. and lone. 90^ W. A traveler ia struck on entering the city "wilh tho old and narrow streets, the higii houses oniamented with taste- ful cornices, iron balconies, and many other circumstances peculiar to towns in France and Spain, and pointing out the past history of this city, fated to change its masters so often." The newer parts of the city are, however, built more in the American style, the streets being wide and regularly laid out. Many of the dwellings are built in a style of magnificence and beauty that will rival thos^; of any other city, while the beautiful grounds attached to tbem, filled with the luxuriant foliage of the south, give to them an air of comfort and ease which are seldom enjoyed by the city resident. There are in the city six public S(iuarra. laid out with taste, inclosed with handsome fencing, and adorned with a variety of trees and shrubbery, Titese alford a pl<-asant rt-lreal from the heat and glare of the slreetji, and tend also to improve tho health of the oily. The old city is built in the form of a parallelogram. The present city consists of this part, the suburbs of St. Man'^s, Anuneiation, and La Course, called Faubourgs, and the City of Lafayette above, and the suburbs of Maugney, Dournois* and Declouet below, and Treme and St. John in the rear. Including these, it extends about 5 miles along the river, and is rapidly being extended back tt>ward Lake Pontebarlrain, witti which it communicates by means of the Bfislti, Canal, and Bayou St. John, with Mobile, Pensacola, and the whole Gulf shore. It also communicates by means of the bayoux Plaquemlne and Lafourche with the Attakapas country, and has many other communications by means of the numerous bayoux and lakes with the lower part of Louisiana. The charter of this now opulent city was granted in 1^05. In 1S36 it was thought advisable to divide the city into three separate" munieipalilies. each with distinct municipal powers. These muineipalities extended backward six miles to Lake Pontchartrain. The first mutiicipalily w:us di\ ided into five ward*, and the second and third into four wards each. Each liad a recorder and twelve aldermen, excefjl the third, which had only seven aldermen. A inaynr and twelve al'lermen, four aldermen from each municipality, elected by general "ticket, and called the general c.uncil, presided over the whole city. This system w.as .altfTLil in IS.52, wlien ttie city was organized into one eoinminiity, embracing also the city of Lafayette, under a single admin- istration. The Mississippi opposite tho city is half n mile wide, and from KW* to lUO f-et deep, and contitiues of this depth to near the Gulf, wliere there are bars, having only from 13 to IG feet of w.at'T. The eitv is built on an inclined plane, tho declivitv falling gently from the riviT to the swamps in the 553 NEW NEW rear. At high water it is from three to nine feet below the water surface, and, to protect it from inundation, an em- bankment culled llie Levee is raised on ils border. *' Levee" is a French word of primarj' importance within the Slate of Louisiana ; it pervades its statute books, and is hoard daily within \\A lialls of justice. There is little or no land on the banks of tlie river in this State, if we except an inconsider- abl"- qiiantily in the neighborhood of liaion Kpi in the fpriiij? months, were it not for the artificial embank- ment which the industry of man has raised to exclude them. The Levee of New Orleans is one continuous land- intr-place or quay, four miles in extent, and of an average width of 100 feet. It is 15 feet above low water mark, and 6 feet above the level of the city, to which it is graduated by an easy descent. Like the river it margins, it holds a ser- pentine course, advancing or receding as the Mississippi encroaches upon the city, or falls off toward the opposite bank. It is constructed of deposit, a rich alluvion swept from the N., and held in suspension by the waters until their rapidity is checked by a sudden change of direction, or swollen to overflowing, they spread over the adjacent swamps again to retire and again to bless the land they have visited by an increase of soil. The deposit is so great, and the con- sequent formation of new land so rapid immediately in front of that portion of the quay, which is most used for the purposes of commerce, that it has within a few years be- come necessary to build piled wharves, jutting out from 50 U* 100 feet into the river. The new formation which is governed as to ils locality by what may well be termed the freaks of the Mississippi, is called '• batture,'' and when it h:is progressed to such an extent as to be left bare by the returning water at its lowest stage, is held capable of own- ership. Here m.ay be seen what New Orleans was before the application of steam to navigation. Hundreds of long, narrow, black, dirty-looking, crocodile-like rafls lie slug- gishly without moorings upon the soil batture, and pour out iheir contents upon the quay — a heterogenous compound of the products of the Upper Mississippi and its tributaries. These are rafis, or flat-boats, as they are technically called, each frequently carrying cargoes valued at from $3,000 to $15,000. Twenty years ago, and these were the only craft on the river I nor h.os their number been decreased since the introduction of the steamboat. Not less characteristic of New Orleans is the landing of the latter class of crafl. The quay is here all action, and the very water is covered with life. Huge vessels float upon its bosom which ac- knowledge none of the powers of air and wait no tide. One is weighed down to the guards with cotton, a freight of 3.000 bales— $180,000! Twenty more lie side by side laden with the same commodity. Huge piles, bale upon bale, elory above story, cover the levee. Pork without end. as if the Ohio had emptied its lap at the door of New Orleans; ami flour by the thousand barrels rolled out upon the quay and heaped up— a large area is covered with these two products of the up-country, and still appears seemingly un- diminished, although the seller, the buyer, and drayman are busy in the midst of it. Here is a boat freighted with lead from Galena ; and another brings furs and peltry from the head waters of the Missouri, S.OOO miles to the north-west! The Illinois, the Ohio, the Missouri, the Ark- ansiis, and Red lUver, all are tributaries to this commercial dep6t. and send down to its whnrves merchantable material of the annual v.alue of one hundred million- ofdoUurs more or less. Nearly 20.000 miles of inland navigation is tribu- tary to this city. The quay appropriated to the foreign and coastwise shipping presents another and a different scene. Here the cotton bale, tobacco hogshead, pork and flour bar- rel, and the whisky cask yield to bales of foreign and do- mestic manufactures, pipes of wine, and crates of wares. The shipping stretches away as far as the eye can reach, two miles or more in extent three tiers deep, with their beads to the current curving with the rirer— a beautiful 554 crescent. The English, the French, the Spanish, the Dane, the Russian, the Swede, the Hollander, etc., are here com- mingled, and compete for the commerce of tho teeming West. The following statistics will exhibit the extent and value of the trade of New Orleans, in l)r50-51 : 1. — Receipts down the Misslsaippi, from the interior: Apples brls.. 54,508 1 Hay bis. . 4S,2S1 Bacon .cks. . 4.8,603 Iron, pig .. ..tons . 1.53 Bacon .brls.. 9,274 Lard ..tcs... 115,570 Bacon, hams. " .. 44,478 Lard ..kgs. 157,981 Bacon in bit .lbs. . 235,000 Lime i.brls.. 37,733 .pes. . .coils. 72.304 Lead 825,505 629 Bale rope.. 107,224 Lead ..bars. Beans .brls.. 4.236 Lead, while ..kegs. 1,9SD Butter .kegs. 54,907 Molasses. . . ..brls.. 1S4,4S3 Butler Beeswax ... .brls.. .brK. 2,720 2.30 (( 479,741 Onions u 14,297 Beef .bl.&lc. 45,006 Oil, linseed u 473 Beef, dried.. .lbs. . 15,300 Oil, castor.. " 4,145 Buff, robes. .pks.. 155 Oil, lard... . . " .. 17,151 Cot.,La.&Jl " Lake... bales CIS.156 14,399 Pickles.... ti 693 Potatoes... 192,923 " N.Ala. & Pork « TS6,0S4 Ten. . . . « 2.36,521 Pork ..bxs. . 1,930 " Ark.... (( 62,798 Pork ..hhds. 1,231 " Monlg. . (( 15,051 Pork in bnlk.lbs. .10,513,895 " Mobile.. u 24,473 Porter & ale ..brls.. 334 " Flori.ia . " .. 11,091 Packing yara.rls. . . 4,100 " Texas.. t( 9,252 Skins, deer .pks.. 1,119 Com meal . . .brls.. 8,663 Shot ..kgs. 2,044 Corn in ears . " .. 42,526 Sugar. .hhds. 125,755 Com shelled. sks. . 1,29S,I).32 Sugar .brls.. 18,675 Cheese .bxs. . 7S,S94 Soap .bxs. . 9,434 Candles . " . 80,743 Shingles... 50,000 Cider .brl.s.. 215 Staves 9,000,000 Coal, western.bsh. . 700,000 Tallow.... .brls.. 6,164 Brd. peaches . " . 2.6S5 Tobacco, leaf. hhJs. 64,030 Dried apples K 4,163 Tobacco, ^kgs.. 4,115 Flax-seed . . tcs... 2"4 chewing. Flour brls.. 941,106 Tobacco . . . .bis... 220 Furs pkgs. 1,239 Twine .bdls.. 8,156 Feathers. . . . .bgs.. 8.645 Whisky . . . .brls.. 157,741 Hemp bis. . 25.116 Window glassb.\s. . 16,4-23 Hides No.. 140,333 Wheat, brls. &sks.. SS,797 T.iIueinlS50-51,$106,924,0S3 I Value in 1343^9, $81,939,093 " 1S49-50, 96,317,873 1 " 1317-43, 79,770,151 2.^Eeceipts by Lake Pontchartrain and the New Canal : Cotton ..bis. 40.329 Tobacco, leaf. b,\'s. . 7S8 Timber . . . ..feet 83,107,000 Merchandise. bxs. . 23 Wood .crds. 27.320 Moss .bis. . 205 Bricks ..No. 24,000.000 Cotton seed ..bgs.. 95 ..brls. . 197,600 52.200 Wool .hhds. Shells Sugar 970 Charcoal .. . " . 110,600 Molasses... .brls.. 773 Tar u 2,2.39 Fish . " .. 50 Shingles .. .No. 2,392,000 Knees .No.. 1,430 Laths u 8,160,000 Pickets u 24,900 43,900 183 ,1 &32,O00 Clapboards. Gunnv bags (( Sash and door prs. 7,Sl)0 .bis. . Sp, Turp. . . .brls. 8,094 Hoop poles .No.. 40,000 I'osin . " . 10.2,')0 Horned cattle. " .. 200 Salt .sks. . 15,799 Pork .brls.. 95 Cotton gins. .No. M9 Paper .bdls. 61 Hides . " .. 3,95.5 Castor oil... .cans. 81 Corn mills. . " . 70 Lime .brls.. 1.003 Domestics. . .bis. . 959 Lime .cks. . 129 Sheepskins . " . 8 Hemp .bis... 20 Hay . " . 85 Cement .brls.. 150 Buckets . . . .doz. 633 Plaster .hhds. 13 NEW NEW 8. — Principal exports, coasUvise, iuclmraig exports via I'ontchartrain Kallroad and New Canal, to Mobile, etc. Cotton. Ports. B;ile-^ New York 52,393 . . S'2,640 . . 14,567 , . 2,511 . Boston Philadelphia Baltimore . . Charleston — Savannah — Norfolk, etc. ... — Alexandria — Mobile — Appal.ac., etc. .. — Other ports 501 Hli()9. Hli.ls. 10,057 .. :8,.-)a5 .. i,;m.. 7*i.. I.IIS . . 10.2M . . 75i .. CTO .. — .. 4.0T-2 . — . . SMO ■ — .. I.OVI . 201 . . 2,s.38 . Flour. Hnrrel3. 72,,5S4 . . SS,923 . . 413.. 6,175 .. 055 . 27 . 867. 237 . COO . ^9 . . — Pork. Barrels. 65,849 . 77,SII0 . bfiiS . 13.421 . 1.003 . 9,S56 6.503 2,763 1.543 2,S72 I.iirJ. KeRS. .209,S23 . .224,333 . . 41,04.i . 32.5S5 , . 2,769 2.266 . 2;.4 . 3,469 . 150,060 . . 22,s90 . . 10,972 . . 40,040 . Beer. Barretj. 3,0.'>5 . 13,4-35 . 421 . 955 . 119 . 8,1 WIo>ky. 'linrrels . 1,351 . . 2,242 . 26,5 . . l,,^' . . 11,514 . 160.T25 , 82.401 . 9.477 , 23.973 50,353.. 150,125 4. — Principal exports to foreign countries, in 1540-50 : Cotton. ToL.irco. CooMtrJ". B;,le.^. Hlids. Great Britain, .552.373 13,223 France 130,362 4.1S2 North of Europe 47,750 9,393 South of Europe, etc S4,120 13,530 Flour, 264,356 barrels; pork, 16.230 brls. ; lard, 1SS,.353 ke^s; beef, 20,645 barrels ; com, 168,613 sacks. The arrivals tit New Orleans from the interior, etc., in 1849- 50 were : _fiat boats 941— from Ohio 21S, from Kentucky 55, iTom Indiana 29S, from Virginia 12, from Pennsylvania 222, from Illinois 19, from Tennessee 104, and from Mississippi 10 : and the rii'er st^samhoats 2,918. The total value of domestic merchandise exported from New Orleans to foreign countries from the 1st July, lSr)0, to SOlh June, 1551, amounted to $.53,985,013, of which to the value of $35,022,609 was carried in Aineriean. and .$15,965,41)4 in foreign bottoms ; and the total value of foreign merchan- dise re-e.vported was $445,050, of which to the value of $388,265 was carried in American, and $57,655 in foreign bottoms. The following are the entrances and clearances in the foreign trade in the year above named : ClXAEANCES : Foreign, Quarter ending Vessels. Tonnage. SOlh September, 1S50....1C9.... 44,.549. 81st December, " ....114.... 5.3.940. SLst March, 1851.. ..18S.... 85.747. 80th June, " ....2:34. . ..108.716. Vee&ela. Tonn.ige, . 63,... 19.867 . 60.... 20,037 .119,... 53.762 . SS.... 34,383 Total 045. .. .292,958. .. .325. . . .128,949 Entbaxces : Quarter ending SOth September, 1850. 31st December, " . Slst March, 15,51. SOth June, " . Total... Vessels. ,.. 01. ,..1.53. ,..178. Tonnnge. .. 16,177. .. 01.457. .. 64.104. .. 42.. ..106.. .. 97.. .146.... 53,365.... S3 .543 14..347 40,827 45.20S 36.618 .195,136 Casti Lial,ilitie3. 8-33.... 187,000 The total number of entrances in the coastwise trade in 1850-51 wasl,227 vessels, of tlic aggregate burden of 35.3,175 tons, and the tola! number of clearances was 1,178, of the aggregate burden of 4;5,'',802 tons. The manufactures of New Orleans are not extensive. There are several furnaces, machine shops, distilleries, sugar refineries, lumber yards, steam saw-mills, tobacco factories, etc. — in all using a capital of some three millions of dollars ; and besides these there are the handicraft com- mon to all large cities, which in the aggregate make up a respectalile list of occupations. The most extensive foundry and machine shop of the south-west is that of John Leeds & Co. in this city ; it employs 175 men, and from 4 to 5 tons of metal are daily melted down and run off into the thou- sand-and-one things f(.ir which iron and br.iss may be used — a steam-engine and sugar-mill down to a nut and screw. This establishment has grown up from a little shop owned by the father of one of the principals 20 years ago, and is a fair illustration of what, from small beginnings, American energy, perseverance, and enterprise, can accomplish. Its cotton presses are among tiie largest in the Union, and cover an immense area. The New Orleans Cotton Pressoccupiea an area of 194,650 square feet, most of which is covered by the buildings. On an average, 160,000 bales of cotton ara annually pressed at this establisliment. The market houses of New Orleans are in gener.al substantial and expensive buildings; the meat market on the Levee is a conspicuous building, and is one of the principal objects seen from the river; St Mary's Market is 456 feet long, and 42 feet in width; and Washington Market is also an extensive build- ing. These are well supplied with all kinds of south-west- ern produce, and abound in tropical fruits and esculents. The retail trade of New Orleans is extravaganUy provided for ; its stores and sales-rooms are magnificent, and their pa- tronage beyond precedent large. The dress, habits, and customs of the inhabitants require this lavish exhibition of merchandise, and they willingly support it at an immense cost to individu.al revenue. The New Orleans banks are seven in number, and their condition on the 30th Nov., 1S50, was as follows : Caali Assets. Banks— Specie paying. Ctrcnlation. Louisiana Bank $531,239 . Canal and Banking Co 1,301.595 . Louisiana State Bank 1,712.975 . Mechanics' andTraders'Bank 9S2.S.'i5 . Union Bank 25,510 . Non Specie paying. Citizens' Bank 11.061 . Consolidated Asaociation 20,295 . Total, . $3,939,406 , . 2,761,022 , . 4.448,714 , . 8,163,013 , 69,593 13,608 21,047 Specie, . $1,354,053 . 1,120.140 , . 1.649,04.5 . 1,520.057 81,717 14.448 7,694 Total. $5,701,.551 . 3,895,059 . 4,971,969 , 4,177.313 . 403,063 245.008 14,767 tal. Total Liabilities. exclu-.ieol'< . . . . $3,930,4110 . ... 2.70I.O2S .... 4,445,714 .... 3,153,543 00,893 0,943.496 1,C3«,491 Total Assets, $5,Si;2,741 7,010.066 6.715.741 6.22^,457 4,450,031 6,4.57.779 1.251.139 Totol $4.8:33,8.31 ...$14,407,5,38 ....$5,700,059 ...$10,409,333 ...$22,954,571 ...$39,546,004 wings .are SI feel by 29 feet, the whole of three stories. The coinage at this branch is only gold and silver. For the year ending 1st July, 1551, the value of gold deposits w.as $8.28.5,037, and of gold money coincil, $5,994,000 ; of the de- posits, $5,152,579 was California gold, and of the coinage, 565 A branch of the United States mint is located here ; also the U. S. land office for the land district of New Orleans ; the U. S. custom-house, and other federal establishments. The mint has extensive buildings on the Esplanade : the main edifice is 283 feet long and 108 feet deep, and its two NEW NEW $6,670,000 were Uouble eagles, *1,495,000 eagles, $105,000 half eacles, ^510,000 quarter eagles, and $154,000 dollar pieces; and the value of silver deposils was $S22,0S5, of which ?ir)7.573 was silver extracted from California gold, and of the coinago .t:i.000 were dollar pieces, $550,000 half dol- lars, $63,000 quarter dollars, $o3,ii00 dimes, $51,500 half dimes, and $1S.OOO three cent pieces. Total deposits, $;M07,7-2-2 — coinage, $10,044,500. The custom-house at this place, when completed, will be one of the moat expensive buildings in the X'nion, ami a great ornament to the city. It is situate on the Levee at the corner of Canal Street. The buiMing will also contain apartments for the U. S. Courts, and other accommodations tor the general government. It will be almost as large as the Capitol at Washington with the additions now being made. The material is to come from the celebrated Quincy quarries. On the right and lea of the oathedr.al on the Place d'Armes are the district and city offices — one in the Tuscan and the other in the Boric style, and both two stories high. These accommodate the city council, the courts of the district and parish, the police, city guard, etc. New Orleans was capital of the State until 1S49, in which year the State records wore re- moved to Baton Kouge. The old State-house, formerly the Cliarity Hospital, is a good building, occupies a square be- tween Common and Canal streets, and consists of :i main building and two detaclied wings. New Orleans is magnificent in its church buildings, though there are complaints that there is not sufficient ae- conunodalion for the large population it contains. Includ- ing chapels, there are 19 Catholic places of worship. The Cathedral of St. Louis, on the Place d'Armes, is a venerable and Imposing structure- It was founded in 1792 by Don Audr6 on the condition that masses be offered every Satur- day evening for the repose of his soul, and the tolling of the bell at sunset on that day still proclaims the observance of the custom. The Episcopalians, Presbylerians, Methodists, etc., have also churches. The Methodist church on the cor- ner of Poydras and Carondolet streets is a splendid copy of the temple of Theseus, with a steeple 170 feet in height. The Second Presbyterian church in Lafayette Square, is also a handsome structure, and has a fine portico of Grneco-Doric architecture. The Episcopal churches, of which there are 3, are substantial, without any distinguishing features. The newspaper press of New Orleans is world-renowned, and its issues are among the most talenteil in the Union. ThtTe are 9 daily newspapers, the " Crescent" (ncut.\ the " Delta" C^fm-). ilie "Picayune"" (whig), the " True Delta" (neul.), all of wliicli also issue weekly editions, the '* IJulletiu'" (whig), which has also a semi-weekly edition, the ** Orlean- ean" (nout), the "State Gazette" (dcm.), the "Bee'- (whig), and the " Courier" (dem.) The " Franco-American" is issued tri-weckly, and tltc "Prices Current" semi-weekly. The weeklies are "La Propagatour Catholique" (relig.), and " La Patria" (whig). De Bow's " Ueview of the Southern and Western States" (statistical), is published monthly. The last-named is one of the most usefid and cumpletc works of the kind in the Union, and ought to be in the library of ever}' person wishing to keep up with the progress of the country. The " Resources of the Southern au'l Western States" lately published by Professor De Bow, is also a work of great and lasting value, more exact and detailed in its gubjects than any work hitherto issued from the An)ericau jircss. and has been of essential service in the compilation of this Gazetteer. The means provided for education aro ample. Besides the public schools and academies, the city contains several collegiate establishments anS4, leaving 1,603. The surgical cases numbered about 2,600; and about one-half the medical cases were intermit- tent and remittent fevers— of the first 6,871 cases, and of the latter 2,366 cases are reported. From the cupola of the building the view is magnificent. This institution is the refuge alike of the citizen and stranger in times of sickness, and is attended chiefly by those exemplary women whose deeds of charity reflect so great an honor on the Catholic Church. New Orleans has nine cemeteries: the Protestant, the Catholic, Cypress Grove, the Odd Fellows', St. Vincent de Paul, St. Patrick's. Potter's Field, the Charity Hosi>ilal, and Lafayette. These are all conspicuous appendages of the city. The Catholic and Protestant cemeteries are unique in place and method of interment. Each is inclosed in a hrtck wall of arched cavities, or ovens, as they arc here caUed, made just large enough to admit a single coffin, and raised tier upon tier to the height of about 12 feet, with a thickness of 10. The whole inclosure is divided into plats, with gravel paths intersecting each other at right angles, and is densely covered with tombs built wholly above ground, and from one to three stories in height. This method of sepulehre is adopted from necessity, and burial underground is never atti-mpted excepting in the Potter's Field, where the stranger without friends, and the poor without money find an uncer- tain rest, the water witli which the soil is always saturated oflen forcing the cofTm and its contents out of its narrow and shallow cell, to rot with no other covering than the arch of heaven. The cemeteries here indeed look as if modeled after a growing city. The tombs have an air of freshness about them; the peculiarity of their structure, their close juxtaposition, filling plats like blocks of buildings, the well- graveled walks between, the walls about the whole, with their numerous receptacles o( the dea ir the transaction of their particular busiueus : nor do the Germans form a hirge class. This admixture of races is in some 7 m. N. E. Jackson. New Prospect, p. v., Bergen co., y. Jri: : on Hohokus creek, 63 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. The v. is finely situated on elevated ground. Considerable water-power is afforded by the creek, and is improved by several paper and grist mills, etc. New Prospect, p. o., "Wayne co., Ohio : on Chippewa r., 87 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. New ProsPEPT, p. v., Sijartanburg disl., S. Car.: OS m. N. "W. by N. Cohnnbia. New PRoviDENrK. t. and p. v., Essex en., y. Jpr. : on E. side of Passaic r., 37 m. N. E. by N. Tn-nton. Surface of u hilly ; soil sandy loam. Drained by Passaic r. Pop. of t. 1.2I(J. The Miirris and Essex P. E. i>asses through the N. part, at Summit sta. New Providente, p. o., Lancaster co., Perm.: 41 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. New Providence, p. v. and sta., Clark co., JnrK: .S7 m. S. by E. Indianapolis, 19 ni. by railroad from New vVIhany, on the New Albany and Salem E. E. Drained by the Muddy Fork of Silver creek. New Providence, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenu. : 47 m. N. "W. Nashville. New Eetreat, p. c, "Washington county, Ind. : SO m. S. Indianapolis. New EicnLAND, p. v. and sta., Logan en., 0/iio: 52 m. N. "W. by "W. Columbus; station on Mad Eiver and Lake Erie K. E. New liicuMOND. p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: m ni. S. "W. Columbus, on Ohio r., near Muddy cr. ; is very flourishing. New Eichmonp, p. o., Crawford coMu\); Pen it.: IS" m. N. "W. by W. Harrisburg. New EiciiMoNn, p. v., Montgomery county. Tin?. : 50 m. N. W. IndianapoUs. New Eiver, p. v., Columbia co., Flor. : on New river, a branch of Santa Fe r., 127 m. E. by S. Tallah.issee. New Eivi;r, p. o., Ascension par., La. : E. side Mississippi r., IS m. S. S. E. Baton Eonge. New river. Ascension par., /.a. : rises near the Mississippi river, flows E., parallel to Amitie r., into Lake Maurepas. New river, Onslow co., y. Car.: rises in N. AV. part of the CO., flows through it centrally toward the coast, and empties into Now river inlet. New river, Beaufort dist., S. Car. : rises near the centro of the dist., and flows S. S. "V\'., parallel to Savannah river, emptying into Calibogue Sound. New river, Virg. : rises in N. part of y Car. : ils general course is N. N. W., through the S. W. portion of Virg., until it receives Gauley river, after which it is called Great Kanawha river, and flows N. W. to its confluence with tho Ohio river. New River Inlet, Onslow co., y. Car.: 57 m, "W. by S. Cape Lookout. New Koad, p. o., Delaware co., y. Y. : 81 ni. W. S. "W. Albany. New Eociiklle, t., p. v., and sta., "Westchester co., y T. : 134 m. S. ^Vlbany. Surface oft. undulating; soil, clay loara, and well cultivated ; watered on the S. side by Long Ishmd Sound. The v. is a station of the New York ami New Haven E. E., 20 m. from New York, with which it has also constant steandioat connection. It Is handsomely situated, overlooking L. I. Soun m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Newry, t. and p. o., Oxford co., J/".>. ; on N. side of An- droscoggin r., 51 m. "W. by N. Augusta. Drained also by Bear brook, and another cr., which afford waier-powcr. Population 459. Newp.t, p. v., Blair co., Pern). : 83 m. "W. by N. Harrisburg. Poplar r., a trilmtary of the Frankfort branch of Juniata r., passes near the village. News, p. o.. Calhoun co., III. : 73 m. S. "W. Sprlm;field. New Salem, p.o., Push co., Jnd. ; 40 m. E. S. E. Indian- apolis. New S^\lem. p. o., Eusk co.,_TeT.: 22? m. N. E. Austin City. New Salem, t. and p. v., Franklin county, J/r/.v.v. .■ GT m. "W. by N. Boston. Drained by Miller's r. and an afllucnt of it, and a branch of Middle r. ; surfaee elevated, and a part niou?ilaiuous ; soils fertile, and adajitcd lo grazing. The t. contains 2 handsome villages, several stores, anoi-ti«>n of tlie jjopulation. Timber is abundant. Farms S12; manuf. 23; dwell. 1,374, and pop.— wh. 8,079, fr. col. 30, si. 5,lb7— total 13,296. Cap- ital: Covington. Puhlic Works: Georgia K. R. N:^WT0N county, Miss. Situate E. middle, and contains 57C sq. m. Drained by head brandies of Chickasawlia r., and branches of Tiiscalameta cr. Surface even ; soil fer- tile, and generally productive ; it is wull adapted to cotton, which is the staple. Farms 350: manuf. ; dwell. 5SG, and pop.—wh. 3,432, fr. col. 1, si. 1,032— total 4,465. Capital: Decatur. Puhlii: Works : Mobile and Ohio R. R. ; Alabama and Mississippi K. E. Newton county, Mo. Situate S. W., and contains 639 560 sq. m. Drained by Neh-liah r. and otlier streams, all trib- utaries of Neosho r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted to grain. There is much good timber on the land. Farms 293 : manuf. 11 ; dwell. 653, and pop.—wh. 4,013, fr. cul. 14, Bl. 241— total 4,26S. Capital: Neoeho. Newton county. Tea: Situate E., and contains 1.196 sq. m. Drained by branches of Sabine r., which forms its E. boundary. Surface varieti, i[i tlic- N. beinir billy, but in the S. undulating ; the laud, in general, is thiclily wooded. Soil a black mold, with sand intermixed, and generally fer- tile, producing good crops of cotton, sugar, com, wheat, etc It has some fine timber land, and contains many streams of pure water. Petrified trunks of trees are found in the northern part, which are so hard that they are used in many cases as flints. Farms 141 ; manuf. 5; dwell. 219, and pop. — wh. 1,255, Cr. col. S, si. 426— total 1,6S9. Capital : Burke- ville. Newton, p. v., and cap. Dale co., Ala. : on S. aide of Choctawhatcliee r., 84 ra. E, S. E. Montgomery ; contains the court-house and several stores. Newton, p. v., and cap. Baker co., Ga. : on W. eide of Flint r., 14:3 m, S. S. W. Milledgevifie ; contains the court- house and several stores. Newton, p. v., and cap. Jasper co., JU. : on S. W. side of Embarras r., 94 m. S. E. Springfield. It contains the court-house and several stores, and is the central business v. of the county. Newton, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Mass. : 9 m."W. Boston. Drained by Charles r. and affluents; surface va- ried ; soil fertile and highly cultivated. Charles r. bounds the t. on the N.W. and S., having two falls, at each of which is a v. containing manu factories. At the Upper Falls the r. descends 85 feet in half a mile. At the Lower Falls the v. lies partly in the t. of Needham. The Boston and Worces- ter E. E. passes through it. The Newton Theological Sem- inary (Bapt.) was founded in 1S25; the building— at Newton Centre— is a brick ediflce, 85 feet long, 49 wide, and 3 stories high. Pop. 5,25S. Newton, t. and p. o., Calhoun co., HDch. : 45 m. 8. W. Lansing. Drained by branch of SL Joseph's river. Pop- ulation 569. Newton, p. v., and cap. Jasper co., la. ; 79 m. W. Iowa City, is a beautiful and flourishing town, on a prairie be- tween the branches of Skunk river. Newton, t., p. o.. and sta., Eockingham co., K. JTnmp. : 34 m. S. E. Concord. The Boston and Maine E. E. passes through the t 41 m. from Boston. Pop. 5S5. Newton, t., p. v., and cap. Sussex co., 2^. Jer. : 55 ra. N. Trenton. Surface of t. diversified ; drained by the l*aulin's- kill. The v. is well situated and laid out, and contains, be- sides the court-house and jail, several churches and schools. Two newspapers are published weekly : " Sussex Ecgister" (whig), and *' New Jersey Herald" (dem.) There is 1 bank, capital $134,4S0. Pop. of t. 3,279. Newton, p. v., and cap. Catawba CO., JK Car. : near South Catawba r., 133 m. W. Ealeigh. Newton, t. and p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 4S m. E. by S. Columbus. Surface of t. undulating ; soil good ; well watered by numerous creeks of Muskingum river. Pop. 2,356. Newton Centre, p. v., Middlesex co., Masn. : 7 m. "W. Boston, on the Boston and "Worcester E. E. This v. con- tains the Newton Theo]ogie.^l Seminary, the mansion-house for the students, and dwellings of the professors, besides many pleasant residences, Nkwton Corners, p. o., Jefferson co., Wise. : 32 m. E. Madison. Newton Factort, p. c, Newlon co., G4 ni. N. E. by N. Columbus, on N. bank of Clear Fork r., which affnnis wafer-power to several mills and faclnrlcs. Newville, p. b. and sta., Cumberland co.. Pniyi.: on 9. side of Conedogwinit cr., 27 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. The Cumberland Valley E. R. passes through the b., 34 m. from Harris!)urg. Newville, p. v., Sussex county, Yifg. : 40 m. S. S. E. Richmond. Nbw Vine, p. v., Dubuque co., la.: on E. side of Fall r., 03 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. New Vineyard, t. and p. o., Franklin co.. M''. : 3S m. N. N. W. Augusta. Drahied by a branch of Seven Mile brook. Pop. 635. New Wakefield, p. v., Washington co., Ala,: 124 ra. S. W. Montgomery. New Washington, p. v., Clark co., huh : on E. side of Fourteen Mile cr., 90 m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. New Washington, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn. : on W. side of W. branch of Susquehanna river, at the junction of Cnsh r., 107 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. New Washington, p. o., Crawford co., Ohio: 56 m. N. Columbus. New Westville, p. o., Preble co., Oliio : 90 m. W. by S. Columbus. New Whitehall, Lehigh co., Pemi. : the location of a blast furnace, 7o m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. New Wilmington, t. and p. o., Lawrence co., Peim. : on a branch of Neshanoek cr., 1^7 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. New Winchester, p. v., Hendricks co., Md. : 27 ni. W. Indianapolis. New Winchester, p. v., Crawford co., Ohio : on E. side of W. branch of Whetstone r., 51 m. N. Columbus. New Windsor, p. v., CarroU co., Md.: 6 m. S. W. West- minster, 50 ra. N. W. Annapolis. New Woodstock, p. v., Madison county, A^. Y: 112 m, W. by N. Albany ; has a few mills. THE STATE OF NEW YORK. New Toek. the most flourishing, wealthy, and populous Slate of the Union, is situated between 89° 45' .and 450 ]nt[- tudes N., and between 710 50' and 79° 55' longitudes W. from Greenwich, or 5° 06' E., and 20 53' TV. from Washinaton. It is l>ounded on the north by Lake Ontario, the Kiver St. Lawrence, and Lower Canada; on the east liy Lake Cham- plain, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut ; on the south by the Atlantic Ocean, New Jersey, and renn8ylv.-inia ; on the west by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, and the Niagara I'.ivcr. Exclusive of Long Island, it is about 403 miles long, but including that island, about 4S0 miles, and it-s hreadlh from north to south is about 310 miles— the whole including a Bupcrllcial area of 46,0S5 squ.ire miles. The Hudson and Mohawk rivers naturally divide the Sl.atc into tlirce geographical sections of unequal sizc^^ Thejif/'Si, T3 561 NEW YORK. or eastern section, comprises Lonjr Island, Staten Island, and that portion of the State lying east of the llndson Kiver and Lake George ; the second , or norlhoru section, embraces all the country lying north of the Mohawk, and Oswego rivers; and the third, or southern seclion, the vast fertile tract lying south and west of those rivers. The Slate forms a portion of the elevated table-land of the United States, broken in some places by mountain ranges, and containing some remarkable depressions which form the basins of lakes and channels of rivers. The Inflicst part of this table-land occurs in the western part of the State, where Lake Chautauque is from 1,S00 to '2.000 feet above the level of ths sea; and although it is but nine miles from Lake Erie, it discharges its waters by the Alleghany a[id Ohio into the Mississippi, and thus affords boat navigation to the Gulf of Mexico. FranklinvUle and Angelica, to the cast, although eiluated in valleys, are respectively 1.5S0 and 1,4"30 feet above the sea. In the eastern section the Taghkantiuc or Taconic Mountains lie upon the border of the State from Lake Champlain southward to Putnam County, at which point their course, diverging to the south-west, crosses the Hudson at West I'oint, and is continued thence into Xew Jersey and Pennsylvania, under the name of the Kittating Mountains. This range forms the dividing line between the waters flowing into the Hudson and those which flow into the Ilousatonic. The northern section has six several ranges of mountains. The Palmerstown Kange (in some parts called the Black and Tongue Mountains) rises in the northern part of Saratoga County, runs north-east through the tongue of land which sep- arates Lake George from Lake Champlain, and terminates in bold and precipitous cliffs at the shore of the latter, south of Ticonderoga. The Kayaderosserus, or Lucerne Mountains, are about six miles wide and seventy long, running from Montgomery County, through Saratoga and Warren counties, along the western side of Lake George to Ticonderoga. The Hudson Eivcr breaks through this range on the line of Saratoga and Warren counties. The Clinton Kange extends from Montgomery County north-east through Fulton, Ilarailton, Saratoga, Warren, and Essex counties, to Point Treni- bleau, on Lake Champlain. It is the largest range north of the Mohawk River, and at its most elevated portion there are numerous distinct peaks, forming a remarkable group, known as the Adirondack Group. The Mohawk forces a passage through its south-western extremity, and the range itself is the dividing shed between the tributaries of the St. Lawrence and those of the Mohawk. Au Sable, or Peru Range, commences in Montgomery County, and running par- allel with the Clinton Range, terminates in the southern part of Clinton County ; it is 160 miles long, and has a greater gen- eral elevation than the preceding ranges. The Chateaugay Range is the longest and highest chain of mountains in the State ; it commences on the line of tlie Kaiitsbergs, in Herkimer County, has a general height of 2,000 feet through the counties of Hamilton, Franklin, and Clinton, and crossing the Canada line, it terminates upon the Canada plains. The St. Lawrence Range, commencing ten or twelve miles north of the Chateaugay Range, and 'trending along the slope of the St. Lawrence Valley, has been liUle explored, and is of less extent than the last named. The St. Regis, Grasse, and other rivers descending into the St. La\\Tence, divide it into several distinct portions. This section of the State has also two minor ranges, worthy of notice: the Highlands of Black River, extending from the sources of Black Creek, west and north-west, about sixty milesj cover much of the country between Black River on the one side, and the plains north of Oneida Lake on the other. Their altitude is from l,2flO to 1,GOO feet, and in some parts their summits have a rolling surface several miles in width. The Ilassepcleaver Mountains, the second of these minor ranges, extend from Herkimer into Oneida County, and occupy the space between the Highlands and the Mohawk River; they are twenty miles long, and about nine miles broad at their base, with an altitude varying from SOO to 900 feet, with a rolling surface. The Southern section may be divided into two portions — the Eastern and the Western. In the Eastern division there are three distinct ranges— 1, the Highlands of Orange and Putnam counties ; 2, the Shawangunk Mountains, skirting the valley of the Eondout; and — 3, the Kaatsbergs, or Catskill Mountains, the direction of which is through the counties of Ulster, Albany, and Schoharie, to the valley of the Mohawk, the portions in Albany and Schoharie being also called the Helderbergs. The western division of this section rises gradually to successive terraces from the shores of Lake Ontario, till it attains its greatest elevation in the Southern tier of counties. The first of the terraces composing this ascent, extends from the Genesee, near Rochester, to the Falls of Niagara and Lewistown, a distance of SO miles, and is from six to ten miles in width. It is called the " Ridge Road," and is supposed to have formed at one period the shore of Lake Ontario. The second terrace extends from this ridge to the falls of the Genesee at Nunda and Portageville, where there is another abrupt acclivity of nearly SOO feet. This surmounted, the ascent Is gradual to the summit level, at the height of from 1,500 to 2,0U0 feet in the Southern portion of Chautauque, Cattaraugus, Alleghany, and Steuben counties. These terraces, though all quite fertile, are each characterized by a difTerenco of soil and of forest trees. The principal culminations of the several ranges, and the heights of each in feet, above the sea-level, are named in the following table : Group. County, Feet. Group. County, Feet. Mt. Marcy Adirondack Essex 5,46T ♦' M'Intyre " " 5,183 " M-Martin " « 5.022 Dial Mountain " " 4,90T Whiteface Au Sable " 4,.S55 Mt. Seward Adirondack Frankhn 3,983 Round Top Kaiiisbcrg Greene 3,804 High Peak " " 3,713 PineOrchard " " 3,027 Shawangxmk Orange 1,866 New Beacon Highlands Duchess .... 1,685 Button Hill " Orange 1,520 Old Beacon " Duchess .... 1,471 Breakneck " Westchester. 1,137 Anthony's Noso " " .1,123 Mt. Defiance Essex 753 Palisades Rockland . . . 550 Fort Putnam " ... 500 Harbor Hill Long Island. 819 Richmond Hill Staten Island SOT The most distinguishing feature of New York is, perhaps, its vast system of water-ways, which bound and intersect it in almost every direction. Its lakes are the common highways of an extended commerce. Numbers of these lie wholly within the State, but the great lakes, properly so called, lie on its borders— Ontario and Erie on the North and West, and Champlain on the East Of these great exterior lakes, Erie is the most extensive ; it is 2GS miles in length and from 80 to 54 miles in breadth, with an area of 8)030 square miles. The elevation of its surface above tide water is 5G5 feet, and above Lake Ontario, with which it communicates by the Niagara River, 834 feet, having a maximum depth of 270 feet; but in general the depth is not more than 120 feet Only 60 miles of its coast lies within this State, but the amount of business carried on from thence is immense, and constantly increasing with the progressive development of the States lying west Ont-irio is the second in size, and the whole southern coast east of Niagara River is wholly within New York. Its form is 563 NEW YORK. eliptical ; it is 190 miles ia length and 56 in trxtreme breadth, with a circumference of 4SS miles and an area of 5,400 square miles. In some places its depth ia GiH) feel, but the average depth is only 490 feet, and everywhere deep enough for the largest ships. The surface is 231 feet higlier than tide water. The ports of this lake are usually open earlier in the spring than those of Lake Erie, and it ia not so subject ta those desolating storms that frequently sweep over that lake. Lake Champiain is a long narrow sheet of water, of exceeding beauty, and containing a large number of islands. Of these, Valeour and Schuyler, with several others, belong to this State. In extreme length it is 134 miles, with a breadth varying from J a mile to 10 miles, and its depth is from 50 to 2S0 feet. Its outlet is the Sorelle or Richelieu Eiver, which is navigable, and forms the connecting link between tlie lake and the St. Lai\Tence River. The aboriginal name was Caniad-eri-qunrunt^, or "lake that is the gale of the country.'' All these lakes abound with salmon, trout, Btiirgeon, pickerel, and other fish. Lake George, or Ilnricon, is wholly within the State; its surface is 243 feet above tide water, and it discharges itself into Lake Champiain by a descent of 150 feet. The lake is inclosed around by hills from 1,200 to 1,500 feet high, and the rieh and varied scenery that surrounds it, the numerous outlets that stud its pellucid surface, and the fine atmosphere, all combine to render it one of the most delightful of summer resorts. The French call it Lac Sacrament on account of the purity of its waters; the Indian name was Caniad-eri-olt, i. e., "the tale of the lake." The northern portion of the State abounds with small lakes, and of these there are probably not Iej?s than 200 in number. Some of them among the Adironclow, with a descent of 70 feeL Numerous minor falls exist in various rivers, especially in the northern part of the Stale, and furnish in many instances motive power of immense importance to the manufacturing interests of the State. The sea-coast of New York is nearly all comprised in the shores of Long Island, which contain a few harbors and inlets, but none that are much frequented by shipping. The bay and harbor of New York is the great depftt of the commerce of the State, and the most magnificent harbor-water on the Atlantic sea-board. Easily accessible, perfeclly safe, capacious enough for the navies of the whole world, and never obstructed by ice, it has advantages possessed by no other port, Its boundaries toward the sea are Long Island and Staten Island, between which it connects with the Atlantic by tlie Nar- rows, an outlet formed by projections from each shore. It extends 9 miles below the city, and is from 9 to 5 miles broad, containing several islands, which are fortified in the strongest possible manner, as are also both sides of its entrance at the Narrows. The Hudson enters the Bay from the north ; the East Elver, or channel between New York and Long Island, communicating with Long Island Sound on the east, and the Kills, a strait between Staten Island and the Jersey shore, on the wesL At low water the entrance by the Narrows is somewhat dilBcuit for largo ships, and the entrance from the Sound is obstructed by a rocky strait, called Hell Gate, a name corrupted from " Ilorll Gait," the Dutch for whirlpool. In 185-2, however, a great portion of the dangerous rocks of this channel were blasted away, and vessels of large size may now pass without much danger. There are several harbors on Lake Ontario, the most noted of which is Sackelt's Harbor, toward the east end nf the Lake ; it is deep and safe, and was an importam naval station during the war of 1S12. The harbors of Buffalo and Dunkirk on Lake Erie are also important commercial stations, being the terminus of the two great lines of railroad between the Hud- son and the lakes. The harbors of Lake Champlaiu are much used by Canadian traders, and those of Burlington and Plattsburg are fast rising into importance. Long Island is the largest appendage to this State. It projects into the Atlantic opposite the southern shore of Connec- ticut, a distance of UO miles. Its average breadth is 10 miles, and its greatest breadth about twenty miles. The shape is that of a great whale, and a rocky ridje, called IheSpine, extends lengthwise neariy through it, and at the western end forms the heights of Brooklyn. South of the ridge the land is level and sandy— on the nor'.h it is more uneven. The island abounds with wild fowl and game, ami its waters with llsh in great variety, which furnish the markets of the City of New York and other places plentifully. In the western section are some tine orchards and market gardens. Staten Island, at the mouth of New York harbor, is separated from Long Island by the Bay and Narrows. It is 15 miles long, and 8 miles broad. Manhattan, or New York Island, which is occupied by the city of the latter name, is 18 miles long, with an average breadth of one mile and a half. The small islands in the bay are Governor's Island, on which stand Fort Columbus, the principal strong-hold ; Castle William overlooking the confluences of the Hudson and East rivers, and South Battery overiooking tlie entrance by the Narrows ; Bedloe's Island, on which stands Fort Wood, and is now used as the chief recruiting depot of the United States army ; and Ellis' Islanil, on which is a naval magazine and some fortifica- tions. The defenses at the entrance of New York Bay are Fort Hamilton and Fort Diamond, on the north shore of the Narrows, the latter an insulated castle, .and Fort llichmond on the south shore. The climate of New Y'ork can not be described in general terms. Each locality has its own peciUiarities. The mean average temperature of the whole State is 46° 49' Fahr. The mean maximum 920, the mean minimum 12° below zero, and Ihe mean annual range 104°. These data furnish a standard of comparison. The southern section of the val- ley of the Hudson, and the whole of Long Island, are Ihe most equable portions of the State— the greatest heat is about 2= less, and the greatest cold from 10° to 1S° less than the average— the spring is somewhat backward, but the harvest com- mences eariier than in Ihe interior, and the first frosts happen at a much later period in the faU season. In the river counties, above the Highkands, the seasons are more extreme, both summer and winter being beyond the average, and the spring is from 10 to 15 days later at Albany than at New York. The Mohawk Valley has a climate which does not vary greatly from the mean average; north and east of the Mohawk the region is characterized by a low, average temperature, backward seasons, and eariy frosts.. The mean temperature is at least 2° below the assumed standard. The region south of the Mohawk, extending to the smaller lakes, has a mean temperature 1° or 2° below the given average, yet the cold is not so intense, nor do the frosts occur so early as in the regions on the north side of the valley. The lake region assimilates the climate of Long Island, and the mean temperature does not vary much from the average, but the range is about S" less, indicating greater uniformity. The average time tliroughout the State, from the blooming of the apple-tree to the first killing frost, is 174 days— on the west end of Long Island it is 12 or 13 days more, and in the SL Lawrence dislrict 22 or 2-3 days less. Tlie prevailing winds are from the south-west. On the sea-board, casteriy winds almost invarialjly bring rain, while westerly winds are sure precursors of fine, dry we.ather, and in winter of continued frosts. The quantity of rain that falls during the year may average for the Stale 49 inches. From these data it will be perceived that Ihe climate is everywhere one of great extremes, and although in the same latitudes which in Europe produce the fig and the olive, its severer character admits only of the culture of the hardier plants and grains. Though subject to sudden and severe changes, the State as a whole is extremely healthy, and if the mortality of the larger cities be omitted, the ratio of deaths is not greater than in the best climates of Europe. In the eastern counties consumption and other diseases of the respiratory organs are the prevailing maladies, while in the western counties bilious affections predominate. In the large cities, during summer and fall, cholera inftmtum is the most common and fatal di.sease; about one half of the deaths during the year occur in children under live years of age, a mortality w liich must be allrib- uted to other causes than climate, and in chief to badly constructed dwellings and to badly regulated diet. The geological struclure of New York has been scientifically examined under the .autliorily of the Legislature, as also Us botany ami animal kingdom. The secondary formalions of geologists, as well as the upper formations of the transition system, have no existence in this State, and in most parts the terliary .system is wanting. Tlio existence of small beds of oolite in Saratoga County, and a somewhat doubtful era of red sandstone in KoelUand County can scarcely be considered as exceptions to this statement in regard to the transition system. Coal is not noted in the subjoined table. All the formations of New York, except the alluvial and diluvial deposits, and the bcils of terliary on the St. Lawrence, are below the coal mc'asures, the Kaatsbergs, which are Ihe highest members of the transition system being the layer immediately beneath. It is true that there are layers ofanlhracite a few inches in 864 NEW YORK. Ihicknoss, and extcndiuc: over ;i small surfiice between the strata of rocks nf an earlier date in various parls, Imt coal docs not exist in qiiantilies sufficient to be of any practical value. The prevalence of limestone in nearly all the formations is worthy ot notice, atfordiusr, as it does, the basis rock best adapted to yield the materials for fertilizinsr the soil. The following table exhibits the geoloj^ioal formations of the State, as arranged by the State geologists. Captions III., IV., and V. are comprised under the general head of the transition system of geologists : TAHULAE VIEW OF TUE ROCKS OF NEW YOKK, IN SYSTEMS, GKOUTS, AND F0RMATI0.V8. Systema. I. Alluvial II. DlLtlVIAI III. Oli> IIed Sandstone... IV. New York Teansitiok. V. TAGHKANrc, or Taconic. VI. G NEiss, or primary VII. SuPEEINCTTirUENTKOCKS VIII. UNSTEATrriED COCKS. . Groups. AUtwial Diluvial Old red stnuffifotu; berg )^n\\. Ikklerhe/'fj Chainjilfdii. Eouldcrs, etc. ; clay and saiuls. Conglomerate; old red j:anilstone. Chemung sandstones aii«i fln-^st-'nes; Ludlowvillc shales. llelderberg limestone; Scholiarie grit; brown argillaceous sandstone ; enerina) limestone ; Oriskany limestone ; green shaly limestone ; pentamerus linicstnne. Onondaga salt and gy[)seou9 rocks; limestone and green shales; argillacenus iron ore; Medina sandstone, soft green, and variegated. Grey sandstone and conglomerate; Lorraine Bhales and roofing-slate; Utica slate; Trenton limestone; bird's-eyo limestone; Chazy limestone ; calciterous sand-rock ; Pots- dam sandsU^ne. Ligiit green shales, sometimes brown and plumbaginous; grey and cinuded limestone ; brown sandstone. Gneiss, hornblende, and mica slate ; talcose elate and steatite. Greenstone, trap, and pori)liyry. Granite, hypersthene rucks ; primary limestone ; serpentine ; magnetic iron ore. There are two tracts of primary and unstratified rocks ; the first is nearly circnlar in firm, and occnpies the counties of Kssex, Warren, and Hamilton, and parls of the adjoining eonnlies ; and the second is in the sonlh-east, of a somewhat triangular furm, and comprises Putnam and Westchester, witb the larger part of New York, and part of llockland, Orange, and Duchess counties. These two sections, together, oceupy nearly one-third part of the State. They contain exbMisive iron mines, and mines of lead and plumbago. Their surface is generally l)roken and elevated — in the Adiron- dack group towering up to tlie height of a mile above tide-water, and attaining in tlie beetling cliffs whieli overlook the waters of the Hudson a considerable though less lofty altitude. The soil is less arable ami fertile than in the hmds of limestone formation, but is naturally covered with a gigantic growth of oak, pine, and hemlock. The gnriss of this sys- tem furnishes a fine buihiing material, and under the name of granite is abundantly quarried. The serjientine, primitive limestone and steatite are also largely produced for the purposes of the arl^. These ror-ks abomid in minerals, as garnet, ber\l, chrysoberyl, pyroxene, sphene, tourmaline, ajiatiie, colophonite, seapolite. labradurite, epmiite. etc. The Taconic system is composed of brown sandstone, gray limestone, green shales, etc., and contains some minerals. It furnishes fine limestone for Iniilding, but has few or no fossils. The overlaying soil is oftm highly ferlile. Its range comprises the whole of Wx'ihington, Kensselaer, and Columbiit, part of Duchess, TTIster, Greene, Aib.any, and Saratoga, and trending westward occui)ics a narrow tract in Schenectady, Montgomery, Herkimer, and dneida, and expands more ■jv'idely in Oswego and Jefferson counties. The New York system comprises four distinct groups. Tlie constituents of the Champlain group arc various kinds of sandstone and limestone, slate, conglomerate, and a peculiar stone, compnsjted of lime and sand, and hence called cal- ciferous (lime-bearing) sand-rock. Of these, the Potsdam sandsU'ne furnishes a beautiful and durable building material ; the Trenton and birds-eye limestone are used in the arts; Lorraine shales and Utica slate are employed for rooting ; while the gray sandstones and conglomerates furnish stone suitable for grind-stones. The rocks of this group abound in fossils of the earlier periods — encrinltes, trilobites, and numerous others, unlike any of the Crustacea now in existence. Tlie soil throughout the territory occupied by this group is generally good, and much of it highly ferlile, being constantly en- riched by the decomposing limestone, etc. The group occupies a very considerable but irregular territory ; it appears occasionally in small beds, tlien dips, and again appears as a surface rock. In the form of Potsdam sandstone, etc., it bounds the great primary region of the norlh-east in every direction, varying in width from two to fifty miles, and also appears in narrow beds on both sides of the Hudson Kiver. The Ontario group consists of three distinct portions. The lowest, a marly sandstone, decomposing ra])idly when exposed, is called Medina eandsl^^me ; next a series of soft, green, slaty rocks, also easily decomposed, and overlaid by clayey and flinty limestone, alternating with each other, and finally terminating on tlio limestone over which the Niagara pours its cataract; and, lastly, a group of limestones containing gypsum, hydraulic cement, water-lime, and salt, known as the Onon'laga salt group. This group is the most valuable of the transition system. It includes the salt springs of Salina, etc., and furnishes in its gypsum one of the most potent of fertilizers, and in its water-lime an indispensable material in the construction of aqueducts, etc. Tlic fossils of this group arc numerous and interesting. Sliclls of bi-valve mollusca, conallines, and madrepores, together with traces of vegetable existence, mark tliis era. Minerals are not numerous here. The clayey limestone containing iron ore, fluor spar, and selcnite. appear occasionally, and sulphur springs gush up in T.irious sections. Its soil is of unsurpassed and permanent fertility, and its territorial limits coni[)ose the granary of the State. The oak, beech, maple, elm, butter-mit. liickory.and bla<-k walnut, are the principal forest trees. The Ontario group commences at the north-west extremity of Lake Outarii>, and extends eastward, with a mean breadth of 20 miles, to its termination in Montgomery County. The Hclderberg series comprises four kinds of limestone, aiyl three of sandstone (see table). Many of its constituents abound in fossils. Tlie Helderberg limestn. 447,014 head .... 1 DtiTeiisp. 963 " \ 931,.824 " 178,909 " I 33,005 " or 1.7 " 767,406 " \ 3,4.^3,241 " l,0n.'-),.- number of free ])erson3 born in the United States was 2,4:39.296 ; the number of fnreigti liirlh, C51,8itl ; and of I>irll] unknown, 0.261. The luttim population originated as follows: Maine 4,509, N. Iliinip. 15,519, Verm. .52.599, M.iss. 55,773, K. I. l:i,129, (.'onn. 60,101, JV«o York 2,151,196, N. Jer. ;56.319, Penn. 26,252, Del. ,899, Mil. 39.533, Dist. of Col. 538, Virg. 8,347, N. Car. 073, 8. Car. 985, Ga. 610, Flor. 185, Ala. 184, Miss. 164, La. 503, Tex. 46. Ark. 20, Tenn. 110, Ky. 809, Ohio 3,74:3, Mich. 1,921. Inil. 415, 111. 005, Mo. 173, la. 70. Wise. 800, Calif. 7, Territories 58. The foreign population was composed of pennons from — Kn- gland 84,820, Ireland ;348.111, Scotland 23,418, Wales 7,582, Germany 118,893, France 12,515, Spain 461, Portugal 194, Belgium 401, Holland 2.917, Ttirkey 12, Italy 8.3.3, Austria 108, Switzerland 1,8.50, Eussia 017, Denmark 429, N.irway 392, Sweden 763, Prussia 2.211, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China :U, Asia CO, Africa SO, British America 47,200, Mexico 8:), Central America 29, S. America 179, West Inilics 1,007, Sandwich IslaiKls 40, and other countries 1,941. The statistics of the industry and institutions of the State, according to the returns of 1850, are as follows : Oa'itpied Lands, etc. — Improved farm lanils, 12,408,968 acres, and unimproved lands attached. 0,710,120 acres — valued in cash at $554,540,042. Total number of farms under cultivation 1st .June, 1850, 170.021 — in the northern tlislrict, 14:3,749, and in the southern district, 26,372. Value of farming implonients and machinery, $22,084,920. live-Stock. — The number of live-stock or domestic animals at the two periods 1840 and 1850, was .^a follows: Deicriplion, 1S40. n"'se9 ) 474,643heaa i Mules and Asses ( ( Milch Cows 1 WorkingCven [•1,911,244 " ... Other Cattle ' Sheep 5.118,771 " ... Swine 1,900,005 " ... — the live-stock of 1850 was valued in the aggreg.ale at $73,570,499. Prodiirts ofAnitiitdi.—'Woo], 10,071,301 pounds ; butter, 79,700,094 pounds ; cheese, 49,741,413 pounds ; and tlie valao of animals slaughtered in the year had been $13,.573.9S-8. The wool crop, according to the returns of 1840, amoiuiled to 9,815,295 pounds ; and hence the increase exhibited in 1850 was 226.000 pounds, or 2.3 per cent. The pnixiuct. per fleece, in 1340, was 1 lb. 14J- oz. ; and in 1850. 2 lb. 14J oz., or 62.1 per cent, increase. The butter produced is one-fourth of the production of the United States; and the cheese produced one-half the whole. Craiii 0-o;w.— Wheat, 13,121,493 bushels; rye, 4,148.132 bushels; Indian com, 17,853,400 bushels; oats, 20,552,814 bu.^hels: barley, 3.53.5,059 bushels; buckwheat, 3,18:3,955 bushels. lu proportion to the crop of the United States, that of wheat is approximately onc-ei'jJith, that of rye one-fintrth, that of Indian corn one thtrttj-'^econd, that of oats more than one-si^h. that of barley two-thirds, and that of buckwheat one-third of the aggregate. The comparison of the several crops in 1S40 and 1S50, as returned by the censuses of those years, was as follows : Crop. IStO. 19.*0. Increase. ■Wheat 12,286,418 hush 13.121 ,498 bu.sh 835,080 hush, or C.S per cent. Eye 2,979.323 " 4.143,132 " 1,168,8.59 " or 39.2 IndianCorn 10.972,286 " 17,853.400 " 6.886,114 " or 62.7 " Oats 20,67.5,347 " 26..552,314 " 5,370,967 " or 28.4 " Barley 2,520,068 " 8,5'o import- ance of the Lake Ports is exhibited in the order observed in the priority of their arrangement in the list above noled. The total amount of shipping owned within the St.ate at the period referred to, was 944,349 tons; registered (.all belonging to the Atlantic ports) 458,903 tons— 375,955 tons of the class permanent register, and 82,948 tons temporary : enrolled and licensed 473.556 tons— 384.790 tons in the Atlantic districte, and S8.7G6 tons in the lake districts ; and Ucensed (under 20 tons) 11.890 tons of the registered shipping, 36.148 tons were navigated by steam-power, .tnd 6,029 tons were employed in the whale fisheries. The proportion of the cnrolle«l and licensed shipping employed in the coasting and river tr.ado was 485,109— 388.2.39 tons in the Atlantic districts, and 97,870 tons in the lake districtsi, and in the cod fisheries 337 tons. Of the coasting shipping there is employed in steam navigation, 94,809 tons— in the Atlantic districts, 64,191 tons, and in the lake districts, 80,618 tons. As o sliip-building State, New York is only second to Maine During the year 1849-60, there were built m 670 NEW YORK. Ibe Allautic ports, chiefly at New York city, 205 vessels, of an ajipiregate bunlen of 55,944 Ions, ami of tKcse 26 were aliii>,-i, 8 bri^, 44 schooners, 104 sloops and canal boats, and 28 stearaer.-*. In the jiorts of Ihe lakes and Ihe St, Lawrence, the number of ships built was 22 (2,398 tons) — 1 brij;, G schooners, 3 sloops, etc., and 4 steamers. Of the lake i)orts, Oswofro built «*«(.', Buffalo seven, Niagara tuo, and Oenesee (/n<\ The movement of exports and iniporla for a series of years commencing 1791 and ending 1850, was as follows : Ye.,r. Ex|>ijrt9. 1791... .. $2,605,465 lTa2.... . . 2,.')S5,T90 1T9S.... . . 2,9.52,370 1T94 .. ,^442,ls:3 1T95.... .. 10,3()4,5S1 ITOii.... .. 12,2US,027 170T... .. 13,3ll,S,0M ITtis... .. 1-1,300,892 1T99.... .. 1S.-19,,527 ISUO... .. 14,04.'),079 ISUl , . . .. 19,861,130 1S02... .. 13,792,271; 1SI)3... .. 10.S1S,:»7 IsM... .. 16,081.251 Ii0.!>... .. 23,482,94:} ISOC... .. 21,762.^45 im.... .. 26,357.963 ISOs... . . n,60G,05S 1WI9.,. .. 12,631,662 ISIU... .. 17,242,330 Imports. I YenT. Exports. J ISll $12,200,215 Itiipr.rts. $ ;si2. 1M3. 1814. 1815. 1816. 1SI7. 8,961,922 8,1.86,494 209,070 10,675,373 19,690.031 18,707,433 1831 18-32.... ..i|i3o,l>.50.144 . .. 26,000.945 . ..iJOI,»l 1,411 .. 5;j.214.402 1833.... .. 2.1.395,117 . .. 5.5,918,419 1S84.... .. 18.^19,4159 . .. 73,188,594 1835.... .. 80.:!4'>,26-t . .. ,88,191,805 1S36.... .. 28,i.)2U,(a8 . ..118,2,53,416 1.8.37.... .. 27,338,419 . .. 79,301,772 1838... .. 23.008.471 . .. 68.4,53,206 1839.... .. 83.20s(n)9 . .. 99,s>2,-!33 1*40.... .. .■M.2i;4,()80 . ... 60,410,7;0 1S41... .. 33.139,833 . ... 7.5.71.3,426 1842... .. 27,676,778 . ... 57,876,';i'4 1S43... .. 16.702,1164 . ... 31, 858,510 1844... .. 82,861, .540 . ... 66,079,516 1S45... .. S6.17.i.298 . ... 70,9(19,085 1546... .. 36.936,413 . ... 74,2.54,28.3 1847... .. 49,844.308 . ... 84.167,302 1848... .. .53,351,157 . ... 94,52.5,141 1.S49... .. 45.963,100 . ... 92,.567.369 1850... .. 52,712,789 . ...111,123,524 1^18 17,872,261 .... 1^19 13,.5,87,378 .... 4820 13,103.244 .... ■ 1821 18,162,917 .... 2.3,629.246 1822 17.100,482 .... 8,5.44.5.628 1823 19,0.'i8.990 .... 29,421,349 1824 22,897,184 .... 36,113,72:? 1825 85,259,261 .... 49,039,174 1826 21,947.791 .... 88,116,630 1S27 23,S:!4,1.3T .... .38,719,644 1828 22v77,649 .... 41,927,792 1829 20,119,011 .... .34,74:!,:J07 ls:iO 19,097,938 .... 86,624,070 Coaaliiiff, Lalv, and InUmul Trath'.—'No other State in lUo Union has such facilities for e.'rtenuil and internal commerce as Ihat enjoyed by the State of New York. Favorably located with regard to its seaward outlet, au.l its immense lalies and noble rivers, tlie first bounding it outwardly, and the latter penetrating to its very centre, it seems as if it had been designed by nature for the proud preeminence to which it has alt.iined. Thousands of vessels are conatanlly traversing its waters, carrying freight valued at millions of dollars, and furnishing to every part, facilities for the inter- change of commodities. It is also preeiuiiient in its grand worlis of internal improvement— its canals, railroads, jjlauk- roaiig, and turnpikes, while the magnetic telegraph extends in every direction, an instantaneous communicator of infornia- tinn between the several commercial centres. The canals of New York are features in its economy whieli distinguish it from other States— they extend from the waters of the Hudson to Lake Erie, a distance of 364mUes, and have Ijrauehes in every direction : to Lake Ch.amplain, to Lake Ontario, and several to the south, and others, more local in their utility, aro formed in various parts. The traffic on the Erie Canal is immense, and this forms the great highway between the ■\Vestern Slates and the sea-board. The Delaware and Hudson Canal is chiefly used for the transportation of coal from reniisylvania. The railroads have a prcsen' length of nearly 2,.50il miles, and others are consUintly being opened ; and -with regard to plank-roads, which for many purposes are equal to the railroad, almost every trade centre is eounecled by them with the producing regioas. The turnpikes and the county and town roads are everywhere well kejit, and in excellent condition. (For the details of the canals and railroads, see ai'Pendix.) /,'««/.■.«.— On the 30th June, ISoO, there were iu the State, 192 banks and brauch banks, and their financial condition at tjiat date was as follows : EESOtntCES. Loans and discounts $91,193,645 I^oans and discounts to Directors 4.799.227 Ah sums due from brokers 2,487,909 Keal estate 8,:i44,514 lionds and mortgage 3,069,163 . . . 12,627,494 .... 11,6.5:V3:!9 .... 9,181,481 ... 3.071,749 . . . 10,651,906 497,.501 Stocks Specie Cash items Bills of solvent Banks on h.and Due from solvent Banks on demand . Due from solvent Banks on credit Total resources (mcluding the above) $15:3,095,287 LIABILITTBS. Capital $47,779,727 Proflls 8,113.004 Notes in circulation not registered 615.76S Kegistered notes in circulation 23,698,573 Due Treasurer of the State of New York 1,473,901 Due depositors on demand 46,091,465 Due individuals and Corporations other than Banks and depositors 621,865 Due Banks on demand 22,180,.537 Due Banks on credit 781,2.53 Due to others 1,353,318 Total liabilities (including the aliove) $15:3,095,287 Gmernment, rfe.— The constitution of New York was ailojited iu convention October 9th, 1S40, and ratified by the people on tile 2d November following. Every adult white male citizen who shall have been such for ten days, a resident of the State for one year, of the county for four months, and of the district for 30 d.ays next preceding an election, may vote at all elections in his phice of residence ; but no man of color is eligible as an elector unless he shall have resided in the State for 3 years, be a freeholder t!ion of the circulating notes issued by banks and indivitiual bankers under the general banking law. The whole number of associations is .'n'Vf3itiM»u\ and of individual baidvS siHij-jii-e—m all 136, the aggregate cajiital of which [,\»i December, 1S50) was $14,203,115; and the mIioIc anit.unt of deposits $14,323,037 4G. Of \hGjinuJs devot&l to education^ the capital and revenue of each description for the year ending 30th September, 1S50, was as follows: "Common School Fund,'' capital $2,290,073 23, anrnry. Columbia {Kplsc.) College 17.M N. York City 7 1,450 Ill 17.(ioo vols. Union College 1795 Schcnect.ady 12 2.725 . Hamilton College 1S12 Clinton 9 458 , lladison {Bnpt.) University 1S19 Hamilton 9 20(» . Geneva {Ephc.) College 1^23 Geneva 5 131 . University of New York 1831 N. York City 11 320 . St. John's (/?. Cath.) College Is41 Fordham 10 43 . St. Paul's {Epi.sc.) College 1837 College Point 11 380 . University of Albany — Albany — — • 2(W ... ... J.V(ii> ISO . . . ... lll,.ViO )37 ... . . . 7.1 1110 43 . . . . . . .5,400 ISO . . . . .. 4,0('0 Co . . . ... 12.001! 23 ... . . . 2,'-00 NEW YORK. Professors. Alumni, Library. vols. S53 . 9S . 697 . 58 . 336 . 211 . 5S0 . 133 . m . . i»19 — .60 — .421 — .114 — . 64 10.000 .106 IS.OOO . 30 6,000 . 8i -i.noo , 5 1.250 . 11 3,200 Names. Founded. Locati^in. Law School— U>iiversity of Albany — Albany 3 College of Physicians and Surgeons ISOT N. York City 6 Medical Institute — Geneva Collage 1S35 Geneva 6 Medical FacMy—Cniversit!/ of M Tort-liSi N. Torit City 6 Albany Medical College 1S39 Albany 8 Theological Institute, Prot. Episc. Church ISIT N. York City 5 Union Theological Seminary 1S36 N. York City 5 Theological Seminary of Auburn 1S21 Auburn 4 Hamilton Literary and Thcolog. Institute 1620 Hamilton 4 Hartwick Seminary 1816 Hartwick 2 Theological Seminary, Asso. Pvcf. Church 1S36 Ncwburg 1 There are numerous other local schools besides the above, as the ward schools of cities, various mechanics' schools, endowed schools, the Free Academy at New York and others, which are not included in the above returns, but which are nevertheless of essential utility in the field of education ; and with regard to hlerary, scieulilic, and artistic institutions, no other State in the Union is so amply provided with them. Public Lihraries.— Three State libr.-iries— 34,099 volumes; 21 social— 151,894 volumes; 8 college— 43,376 volumes; 21 students' — 19,319 volumes ; 171 academic and professional — 143.4G5 volumes ; 4 scientific and historical — 25,253 volumes 8,070 public school— 1,338,848 volumes. Total 8,298 libraries, and 1,756,2.54 volumes. Periodical Press. — ^The whole number of periodicals published in the State, on tlie 1st June, 1S50, was 458, and of these 141 were whig, 110 democratic, and 207 neutral in politics, in the latter class being also included all literary, religious, scientific, etc., periodicals, and all the character of which had not been ascertained. Of the aggregate number, 54 were puMished daily, 1 four times a week, 13 tri-weekly, 13 semi-weekly, 313 weekly, 13 semi-monthly, 25 monthly, and 3 quar- terly; and the circulation at each issue of the dailies was 230,995, or 72,301,435 annually; of the one published 4 times a week 1,100, or 223,800 annually ; of the tri-weeklies 30,975, or 5,763,100 annually ; of the semi-weeklies 30,365, or 3.157,960 annually; of the weeklies 694,414, or 36,109,523 annually; of tlie semi-monthlies 78,500, or 1,884,000 annually; of the monthlies 433,750, or 5,205,000 annually ; and of the quarterlies 6,150, or 24,000 annually ; total copies at each issue 1,512,249, or 124,679,423 annually. In the city of Kew York the periodicals numbered, 14 dailies, 8 semi-weeklies, 58 weeklies, 8 Sunday papers, 5 semi-monthlies, 39 monthlies, and 2 quarterlies. In Albany County there are 5 d. and 9 w. ; in Allegh.any, 3 w. ; in Broome, 1 d. and 3 w. ; in Cattaraugus, 5 w. ; in Caj-uga, 1 d., 5 w., and 1 m. ; in Clmutauque, 9 w. ; in Chemung, 9 w. ; in Chenango, 4 w. ; in Clinton, 3 w. and 1 m. ; in Columbia, 1 d., 6 w., and 1 s.-m. ; in Cortland, 5 w. ; in Delaware, 3 w. ; in Duchess, w. ; in Erie, 6 d., 1 four times a week, 4 L-w., 1 s.-w., 10 w., and 2 m. ; in Essex, S w and 1 m. ; in Franklin, 2 w. ; in Fulton, 2 w. ; in Genesee, 4 w. ; in Greene, 3 w. ; in Herkimer, 4 w. ; in Jefferson, 5 w. ; in Kings, 8 d. and 3 w. ; in Lewis, 8 w. ; in Livingston, 6 w. and 1 s.-m. ; in Madison, 5 w. and 1 s.-m. ; in Monroe, 3 d., 9 t-w., 10 w., 2 s.-m., and 2 m. ; in Montgomery, 6 w. ; in Niagara, 1 d. and 4 w. ; in Oneida, 4 d., 13 w., 2 s.-m., and 1 m. ; in Onondaga, 4 d., 1 s.-w., 12 w., 1 s.-m., and 3 m. ; in Ontario, 5 w. ; in Orange, 2 s,-w., 6 w., and 1 q. ; in Orleans, 4 w. ; in Oswego, 2 d. and 6 w. ; in Otsego, 4 w. ; in Putnam, 1 w. ; in Queens, 5 w. ; in Eenssclaer, 3 d., 4 w., and 1 m. ; in P.ichraond, 1 w. ; in P.ockland, 2 w. ; in St. Lawrence, 7 w. ; in Saratoga, 8 w. ; in Schenectady, 2 w. ; in Schoharie, 2 w. ; in Seneca, 4 w. ; in Steuben, 5 w. ; in Sufl'olk, 1 s.-w. and 6 w. ; in Sullivan, 3 w. ; in Tioga, 2 w. ; in Tompkins, 1 d. and 2 w. ; in Ulster, 5 w. ; in "Washington, 7 w. ; in Wayne, 7 w. ; in Westchester, 5 w. ; in Wyoming, 2 w. ; and ui Yatca, 3 weeklies. Religious BenominatioM.—'nie statistics of the several religious denominations, in 1850, were as follows : Value of Property. $15,000 126,000 252,200 2,050 . 2,835,543 36,000 , 4,347,206 —making a total or 4,084 churches, accommodating 1,396,229 persons, and valued as property at $21,182,707.' The State constitutes two dioceses of the Protestant Episcopal Church, viz., the diocese of New York, and the diocese of Western New York; and in the Roman Catholic Chnrch, it constitutes tho dioceses of Buffalo and Albany, and the arch-diocesa of New York, in the latter of which. East New Jersey is included. PauperUm and Crime.— The whole number of paupers that received assistance and support within the year ending Ist June, 1850, was 59,855, of whom 19,275 were native-born and 40,630 foreign-born; and the whole number receiving public charily at that date was 12,833, of whom 6,755 were native-born and 7,078 foreigners. Annual cost of support $317,336. In the above, the foreign paupers under charge of tho Commissioners of Emigr.ation are not accounted for, as fhcy are chargeable on a special fund raised by capitation tax on themselves. The number of convictions in courts of record in the year 1349, was tiiSI— l,4:i7 males, and 94 females: offenses against the person, 897— 885 males and 12 females; offenses against property, with violence, 150—146 males and 4 females; offenses against property, without violence, 516—500 males and 45 females ; offeti,«es against the currency, 37 (all males) : and other offenses, 404—371 males 83 females. The ratio of convictions of females to those of males is as 1 to 15.13. Upon convictions, 4 were sentenced to be hung, 545 to the State prison, 61 to House of P.efuge, 299 to the local prison, 32 to be lined and imprisoned, 665 to fine, and The sentences of 33 were suspended. The State prisons are at Sing Sing, Auburn, and Clinton. The whole number of convicts in these on the 31st December, 1S19, was 1,434 ; received during the year, 000, and discharged— by expiration of sentence, 362; by death by disease, SO; by accidental death, 3; by escape 9; by pardon, 45; by habeas corpus, 4; to House of P.efuge, 2; to Lunatic Asylum, 10; to other prisons, 17— in all, 472. Eemaining in prison Ist December, 1860, 1,611. Of the 600 admitted, 555 were first convictions, 56 second, 7 third, and 2 fourth convictions. The daily average of all these prisons was 1,.556. The whole number of punishments in all the m.ale prisons was 613 — in Auburn 1 in 21, in Sing Sing 1 in 35i, and in Clinton 1 in 2SJ. Average cost of each ration— at Sing Sing 8.6 cents, at Auburn 6.7 cents, and at CUnton S.3 cents. Of the 1,611 remaining in prison, 11 were committed for murder, 41 for 574 ClinrcU Value of Denomina- No. of ClmrcU tions. Cburclies accom. Property. tions. C Lurches . accoin. Baptist 776. 334,274. $2,252,350 Germ'n Eef 1.. 600.. Christian... 62. . 20,000. 76,650 Jewish 9.. 5,600. . Cougregafl. 214. . 102,430. 779.304 Lutheran... SO.. 37,370.. Dutch Kef.. 2.32. 131,025. 8,M2,S50 Mennonile. 4.. 1,000.. Episcopal.. 275. 133,965. 4,no,S24 Methodist.. 1,215.. 478,145. . Free 15. 4,600. 2S,700 Moravian.. 3.. 1,500. . Friends.... 132. 49,314. S09,3S0 Presbyter'n 602. . 369,314. . Denomina- No. of Cliurcli Value oC tions, Cliurdies, acforn. Property E. Catholic. 174. 122,538. $1,569,375 Swedenb'g .. 2.. 450. 1,400 Tunker — .. — , — Union 74.. 27.879. 110,300 Unitarian... 22.. 10,226. 292.075 Universalist. 110.. 52.470. 327,100 Minor Sects. 22.. 8,600. W,900 NEW YORK. maii3laagbter, G9 for assault with intent to kill, 44 for rape, 24 for assault to commit rape, 353 tor burglary, bST for grand larceny, 82 for robbery, 104 for petit larceny, and ;3t for counterfeiting and uttering, A common English education has been given to 4T2 of these convicts. The receipts from labor at the prisons amounted to $2in.GsO 8G: from Sing Sing $99,539 "D, from Auburn $79,573 11, and from Clinton $37,567 05; and the expenditures to $204,656 4S: at Sing Sing $95.S23 64, at Auburn $71,104 07, and at Clinton $37,693 97. I/istoHcal »S^/.Y?c7i.— Verrazano, a Florentine, in the service of France, is said to liavo discovered New York Bay in 1524 ; but the history of the State commences with the arrival of Hudson, an Englishman in the Dutch service, in 1009, ■who ascended the river, bearing his name, as far as the present site of All)any. The country thus discovered was in- liat)itcd I)y the ^lohawks, a fonnidable and wariike tribe, and the Manhattans, who inhabited the island on which New York city is built, were also a fierce and warlike nation. In 1(310, a ship was sent from Amsterdam to trade with these Indians, and other voyages were made during the succeeding years. In 1613, small trailing for Is were erected on the river, and several houses were built on Manhattan Island. On the a9th March, 1614. the States' General of the United Nethcriands passed an ordinance granting to all original discoverers of lands in North America the exclusive privilege of making four voyages to each, for the purposes of trade. Under this ordinance five ships were dispatched the same year by a company of merchants. They explored extensively the coast near New York. Blok, one of the commanders, dis- covered and named Block Island, souili of Khodo Island, and also the East Fuver, and Captain Mey, proceeding south- ward, discovered capes May and IIenl<^pcn ; and on the return of these ships, a Captain Uenriekson was left on the coast to prosecute discoveries. The country extending between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers received the name of New Netherlands, and the exclusive riglit to trade there for three years from that date (llth October, 1614), was granted to the discoverers, who, upon the passage of this grant, formed themselves into a company called the United New Nether- lands Company. This company erected the same year a fort and trading house on an island just below the present city of Albany, and garrisoned it with ten or twelve men. Another fort was erected on the southern point of Manhattan Island. The grant expiring in ISIS, the company petitioned for its renewal in vain. Private traders, however, continued to visit the country for the purposes of traffic. In June, 1621, was passed the charter of the Dutch "West India Company, an armed mercantile association. This company sent out a ship called the New Netherlands, on the 2Gth June, 1623, to their newly acquired possessions, under the direction of Mey, already noticed, and Tienpont. The former of these proceeded to the Delaware, and established a fort near the present town of Gloucester, which he named Fort Nassau, and the same year a fortified post, called Fort Orange, was erected on the site of Albany. In 1C24, Peter Minuit having been appointed director, arrived out with several families of Walloons, inhabitants of tbe frontiers of Belgium and France. These settled on a bay of Long Island, and called from them Wahlebocht, or bay of foreigners, a name since corrupted into Wallabout. The government was Tested in the Director and a Council of Five. The other importjmt officer of the colony was the Sehout Fiscal, who filled both the offices of sheriff and attorney-general. Under the superintendence of these authorities the trade of the colony prospered. In 1626, Staten Island was purchased of the Indians, and in the same year Manhattan Island was purchased for twenty-five dollars. The fort upon this latter island received the title of Fort Amsterdam, and the colony that of New Amsterdam. The exports this year amounted $19,0(10. In 1627, the settlers of Plymouth Colony set up a claim to the region watered by the Connecticut, which the Dutch denied. Up to 1829, the settlements were simply trading posts. On Hie 7th June, 1629, a measure was adopted which is still felt in the State, and under this extensive seignorics, with feudal rights, were granted to certain individuals. Active exertions were now made to colonize these vast estates. In 1632, Minuit was recalled, and the government of Woutcr Van Twiller installed, and after a lapse of five years of mal-adminis- tration, Twiller was succeeded by "William Kieft. During the administr.ation of Twiller, difficulties arose between the English settlers, on the Connecticut, and the Dutch authorities. In 163S, the restrictions which had hitherto been placed by the company upon trade were taken off and free traffic encouraged. This measure gave a new impulse (o immigr.i- tion. Persecution, too, drove many from New England and Virginia to settle among the more tolerant Dutch. In the meantime the aggressive disposition of the English continued. They founded a colony at New Haven, occupied the Tunxis (Farminglon) Valley, and even went so far as to plow and sow the company's land around Fort Gi>od Hope, at Hartford. Remonstrances were vain. Not satisfied with these encroachments, the Plymouth Company granted the whole of Long Island to the Earl of Sterling, and a settlement was soon afler effected by Lyon Gardiner, at Gardiner's Island. The Dutch, meanwhile, were active in establishing settlements at the western extremity of the island — in Breuckelen, at Gowmitins, and Gnirenzande. In May, 1640, emigrants from Lynn, Masmchti^etts^ settled on Cow Neck, but were driven off by the authorities. In the autumn of the same year, however, they returned, and founded the towns of South- ampl'in and ^onthoM. The Indians saw, with daily increasing envy and dislike, the heritage of their fathers thus falling from them. War was the consequence, which desolated the colony for five years. In 1645, Peter Stuyvesant became governor, and only terminated his administration by the capture of his colony by the English, on the 0th September, 1664. The name of the colony and city was now changed to that of New York, and Colonel Nichols was appointed by the Bukc of York, to whom the territory had been granted by the King, as governor. On the 12th June, 1666, the governor granted a charter to the city of New York. The colony was recaptured by the Dutch on tbe Tth August, 1673. The name of the city was now changed to New Orange, that of Albany to Williamstadt, and the fort previously called Fort James to William Hendrick. Captain Anthtmy Colve was appointed governor. The country, however, was not destined to bo Dutch, for by the treaty of 9th Febniary, 1674, it was restored to the English, and given up the following autumn. Some doubts existing relative to the validity of the Duke of York's patent, both on account of the Dutch occupancy and the fact that it was wrested from that nation in time of peace, he deemed it advisable to obtain a new patent from his brother, the king, in 1764. In the autumn of that year Major Edmond Andros, afterward so well known as the tyrant of New England, arrived in New York and assumed the office of Governor. In Februarj', 16S5, the duke ascended tho throne, under the title of James II., and among the first acts of this bigot were his instructions to allow no printing press to be established in the colony. But his reigu was short, having been put an end to by the Revolution of 16SS, and the proclamation of William and Mary as heritors of the throne. No important event occurred from this time fur many years. In 1741 occurred the negro plot, so famous in the annals of New York. In 1744 war was declared between England and France, and the colonists prepared to carry it on with vigor. In 1745 New England and New York united in an attack upon the French fortress at Louisburg, and New York furnished ton pieces of cannon and £8,000 toward the expedition. It was surrendered in July of that year. The colonies were so severely molested during the year 1746 by the Indians in pay of the French, that it was determined to attack Crown Point and Niagara, and to capture Quebec. For this purpose New York raised £40,000. Tiie enterprise proved imsuccessful, and the peace of Aix la Chapelle was concluded in 174S. 575 NEW NEW For a few years alter this the colony prospered, and began to recover from ils losses by the wars. In 1754 a convention from all the colonies north of Mason and Dixon's Line met al Albany, to devise some plan of common defi-nse against the French, who had again commenced hostilities. At this convention. Dr. Franklin, afterward so eminent in the historj- of Ihe Eevolulion, proposed a plan of political union. In the spring of the following year an expedition was sent against Fort Du Quesne, bnL entirely failed, Braddock, the leader of the expedition, having been killed. J^or was the campaign of 1T56 more successful. In ITiJS William Pitt was placed al the head of the English government, and a new inipulst! was given to the energies of the nation. Success soon followed. Forls Frontenac and Du Quesne were captured. Stiniukted by these successes, New York, in 1759, raised $625,000 and a force of 2,6S0 men. Ticouderoga was capluretl early in the season, and Crown Point siirrendered a few days later. Fort Ni-igara was reduced, and on the 13ih September the brave General Wolfe laid down his life, in the moment of victory, when the English banners floated over the towers of Quebec The ensuing year the French made an unsuccessful efl'ort to recapture Quebec, and on the 8th September all the French possession^ east of tlie Mississippi were surrendered to the British, and the French power extinguished. Two small islands off the southern coast of Newfoundland alone were preserved to them of their former vast possessions. About this lime the difficulties between New Hampshire and New York commenced, respecting their respective limits, which only ceased ■with the admission of Vermont into the Union after the Revolution. The imposition of the Stamp Act, in 1764, and the other atrocities of the British Government which followed it, and which led to the overthrow of the British power in the colonics, need not be enlarged upon in this connection, being a part of the general history of the Union. On the first Tuesday in Ocloher, 1765, a congress, composed of delegates from the New England and Middle States, assembled at New Y'ork, to take into consideration their grievances. South Carolina had also delegates. This congress made declaration of the privileges and rights of the colonies. Liberly-poles had, at this perioil, been frequently erected in New York city, and as often been destroyed by the British soldiery. On the 5th September, 1774, a congress from several colonies met at Philadelphia, in which, however, New York was not represented. In April, 1775, a provincial convention met at New Y'orli, and elected delegates to the second congress. The news of the battle of Lexington caused great excitement in the city, and the arms of the city were ordered to Boston, but seized by the authorities before their shipment. The war had now commenced. Ticouderoga, Crown Point, and Whitehall, in this Stale, were captured by the provincials, and the entire command of Lalie Champlain was obtained. On the 9th July, 1771, the provincial congress met at White Plains, and look the title of Kepresentatives of the Slate u.'ds, ji>bbing, and importing business, fornu^rly confined to Pearl Street, has extended to William, Broa«l, Pine. Cedar, Liberty, etc. On Water and Front streets, and vicinity, are the wholesale grocers, commission merchants, and mechanics, connected with the shipping business. Broadway is not less an avenue of business than the pronien.ade of beauty and tashion. lis lower pari is now almost all taken up by splendid stores and warehouses. It contains tlie chief book-stores, jewelry, upholstery, hat .and cap, tailoring, millinery, retail dry goods, and other like eslablishmeiils. In Cetlar Street, just ofT Broadway, is the famous Map and Geographical Emporium of No. 86. J. H. COLTON, No. I 88. the largest and most varied in the Union. Grand Slreet and Catherine are devoted to heavy dry goods and variety stores. Ferry, Jacob, Gold, and neighboring streets, constimie the great leather district. The hardware trade is chiefly in Piatt, John, and Pearl streets. In Nassau are extensive news- paper establishments, book-binderies, ainl publishing con- cerns, and in William Street are a great variety of hosiery and fancy goods stores. Maiden Lane and (;"ortland Street, and Broadway, near the junetion of these, ia the location of the principal wholesale jewelers. ^^''harves. — The water edges of the city are fringed with seven miles of wharves and docks. On each side tliere are about (io piers, averaging 200 to 300 feet in lenglli, and from 50 to Co feet wide. The shipping lies along tiiese as safely as in a tide-water dock. Foreign shipi)ing lies mostly at the wharves of the East PJver, as beluga more secure posi- tion than on the other side. Usually these docks are crowded with vessels of all nations, and on an average 2,000 coasting vessels are in harbor at a time. Some load- ing, some unloading, and others waiting their turn for berths. Wi(h all these vast accommodations for .^hipping, however, there is scanty room for so large a commerce as centres at this port ; and to furnish the additional fafdities whicli the increasing commerce of the city deinandcrl. the Legislature, in 1S40, chartered the Atlantic Dctck Company with a cajiital of ^l.OOO.OOO. Their doeks at Brooklyn are spaciec1aelelhan is presented in the great city spread before it, with its piers crowded with a dense forest of masts, bearing the flags of all nations the shipping .at anchor, and Ihe count- less steamboats and vessels coming ami ginng p riieUiaUy. The ilepth of Wnior and Tide^.—I'hi.: curreiils in ihe ri\ era ansscd over the ice from Brooklyn 577 NEW NEW to New York. The rise of the tide is nearly 7 feet. Going northwyrd the rise increases, and in the Bay of Fundy is 90 feet, the maximum of the coast. Southwardly It decreases, and in the Gulf of Mexico is but IS inches. The time of tlie tide at other places on the coast^ or on waters connecting witli the ocean, varies from that of New York as fuljows— earlier: Halifax, N. S.,2 h. 15 m.; New Bedford, 1 h. 40 m. ; Providence, h. 41 m. ; Sandy Ilnok, 2 h. 45 m. ; Norfolk, h. 41 m.; and liiehmonil, 2 h. 25 ni. ; and later: Eastport, 2 h. 9 m. ; Portland, 1 h. 39 m. ; Boston, 2 h. 19 m. ; Holmes' Hole, 1 h. 4 m. ; Phihidelphia, 5 h. 19 ra. ; IJaltimore, 5 h. OT ra. ; Charleston, 10 h. 19 m. ; Mobile Point, 1 h. 54 m. ; Albany, 6 h. 34 m, ; Quebec, S h. 49 m. The depth of water at the wharves is 6 or 7 feet, and increases rapidly eutward. It is sufficient in either rivt-r to float the largest ships. At the old channi^-I, on the bar at Samly Hook, the depth is 21 feet at low tide, and 27 at high tide. That of the New, or Gedney's Channel, is at low water 32 feet The channel inside varies from 35 to 60 feeL Di'/enses. — The harbor is well defended. The principal ■works are at the Narrows, which, at the point selected, is but one-tliird of a mile wide. Here are buill, on the Long Island side, forts Hamilton and Lafayette, the latter on a reef of rocks 200 yards from the shore, with three tiers of guns. On the Staten Island side are Forts Tompkins and Ilieh- PRODUCTIVE E3TA11L13U1IENTS OP NEW YORK CITT. mond, the former on the heights, and provided with a num- ber of subterranean passages. These forts are in cxccllunt condition. The entrance from the S(»und to the L:isl liivt-r is defended by Fort Schuyler, on Throg'a Neek. 'Wilhia the harbor are batteries on Bedloe's and JCllis' islands, on the west side of the bay, and on Governor's Islanil, 3,200 feet from the city, are Fort Columbus, in the form of a sUir. commanding the south side of the channel ; on the south- west point. Castle William, a round tower 600 feet in circuit and 60 feet high, with three tiers of guns, and Soulli Battery, on the south-west side, commaiuling the entrance through But- termilk Channel. In case of war, too, the whole surround- ing heights could be readily fortitied, and Caslle Garden, and the Battery esplanade would furnish reatly-niade sites fur an extensive armament. No port in the world, in,Gr2.il'J5. . 3 9 007,000.. HarJsr jirlicle. miiniirii-tiireil. »S.906.38T 81,310,643 1,801.700 2,S95 4.SS,i.211 4,473.214 27 943 383 2,146 1,073 4,040 3.823,191 1,849 6,947 9,641,039 655 2,785 4,080,434 859 2,454 2,S3:S,130 226. 23T. 70. 283. 681. 140. 656. 119. 853. 102. 1,0.35 1,673.432 4,4.34 20,056,409 420 630,500 1,281 2,07.3,423 1,560 1,.'>46.62T 1,176 1,876,818 2,763 4.308,175 1,335 2,579,312 3,613 2,920,760 670 1,293,860 Total 8,387 If 34,232,823 By these statistics it appears that the operatives in the manufactories, etc., form nearly one-sixth of the whole pop- ulation of the city ; that the proportion of the annual pro- ducts to the capital invested, is 307 per cent. ; and that the average value of the product of cacli operative is $1,2.58. The manufacturing interests have had as rai>iJ increase as those of commerce. In 1340, the total capital in nianut'ac- tures was $11,233,804 ; and ia 1850, as stated above, it amounted to $34,2.33,S33. The l)ranche9 of manufacturing industry which are here most extensively prosecuted are these directly developed by the great commerce of the city. Pre-eminent among these the the great iron foundries and machine-shops, of wliich the largest arc the Novelty Works, Morgan Works, Allaire Works, and the Fultfm and West Street foundries. The two former employ each about 900 men. These and other establishments are engaged in easting and molding the largest class of steamship engines, their bed plates, and other iron works, locomotives, mills, presses, gearing, boilers, etc. There are 10 sugar rctincries, all of wliich are very large establishments, superior to any others in the Tlnited States, and having a greater annual product The value of cabinet furniture annually made is above $1,000,000. There are numerous breweries and distilleries, ....53,703.... 29,917 83,620 $105,213,303 which employ a large capital. The following summary statement of the number of establishments which in ISoO prosecuted the principal branches of manufacturing indus- try, is compiled from the ** Business Directory" for that year: Boat-building. 27; boiler manuf., 16: brass and bell founders, 89 ; breweries, 42 ; bakeries, 475 ; black and wliitcsmithing, 185; britannia-ware manuf., 13; block and pumpmaking, 33 : bookbinders, 55 ; boot and shoemaking, 1,377; brushes, etc., 40 ; building of houses, etc., 136; cab- inetmaking, 255 ; carpentering, 260 ; chairinaking, 34 ; cloekmaking, 39 ; clothing, 28S ; coaches and carriages, 53 ; confectionery. 265 ; cord.age, etc., 6 ; dressmaking, 440 ; edge tools, 11 ; goldbealing, 21 ; gold pen manuf., 20; guns, etc., 20 ; ink manuf., 11; iron foundries, 3S ; lock manuf., 24 ; machinery, 79 ; millinery, 256 ; morocco manuf., 28; musical instruments, 41; nails, 15; organs, 5; patent medicines. 54 ; perfumery, 26 ; piano-fortes, 55 ; saddles and harness, 90 ; sails, 51 ; sash and blind manuf., 61 ; segars, 119; ships, 19; silver manuf., 39; silver plating, 27; soap and candle, 43; steam-engine manuf., 77; steel manuf., 10; tailoring, 561 ; trunk factories, 63 ; type foimdries, 9 ; varnish manuf., 14 ; white le.ad manuf., 9. Conwwrce. — Commercial interests originated the settle- ment of Uow York, developc7,199 | New Orleans $2,290,036 Boston 6,577,540 Baltimore 1 ,047,278 Philadelphia. . . . 3,607,838 ' Charleston, S. C. . 000,712 According to the Business Directory of the city for 1850, the number of importers of ditferent arliclcs was as follows: of dry goods, 139 ; fancy goods, 100 ; hardware, 107 ; watches, 01: wines and liquors, 108; silks, 21; laces, SO; woolens, II : drugs, 34 : essential oils, 15 ; china-ware, 40 ; plate gUiss, 1 1 ; hides, 12 ; hosiery, 7 ; buttons, 7 ; baskets, 5 ; burr blocks, 8; general importers, 28, etc. The imports and exports of specie and bullion are not ineludetl in the above table, but the following will exhibit their amounts for the last sLx years: Years. Imports. Exports. 1S47.. $8,307,,3S0. $9 ,5,841 1548.. 1,173.406. 12.028.793 1S49.. 2,813,380. 4,739,903 Years. New Yorli 17,89.. $145,320. 1792.. 1.2M.908. 1795.. 2,717,861. 1800.. 3,611,6,83. 1S05.. 6,9.58,1108 isin.. 5,223.090. 1810.. 10.785,3.54. 1S20.. 5,487,974. Tears. New York. u. .s. 1825. $1.5.752,100. $20,098,714 1880. l,5,012,5r)3. 21.922,391 1835. 14.468,110, 19,391,311 1840. 7,.537.441. 13,499,502 1845. 17.667,868. 27,528,113 1850. 34.487,610. 39,008.686 1.851. 31,7.57.199. 49,017,597 1853. 28,678,910. 47,820,316 Years. Import*. Exports, lS,50..$10..5(i2.115. $5,88,5,108 1851,. 10.39n.,50I. 26,622,731 1852.. 2,.52S,391. 87,273,708 For the calendar year 1851, the import of gold and bullion from California, was .^43.671,432. and the export of gold and silver to all countries, was $43,723,209. NEW NEW Tonnage of Kew York City. — The following statement from the annual reports of the secretary of the treasury, exhibits the registered, the enrolled and licensed, and the total tonnage belonging to the district of New York from the year 1S26 to the present lime. The year ends with December 31, up to 1S35, thence with September 30, to 1S43, and from that time it ends with June 3U: year.. 1526 . . 1527 . . 1S23 . . 1S29 . . 1S.S0 . . 1531 . . 1532 . . 1833 . . 1SS4.. 1835 .. 1836 . . 1837 . . 1533 .. 1S39 . . 1840 .. \!Hl .. 1542 . . IS*! .. 1844.. 1845.. 1846.. 1847.. 1543 .. 1849 .. 1850.. 1S51 . . n. Toi . 153. . 165, . 158. , no, , 101 , 13 . 129. . 161, . 178, , 191 . 192. . 191, 169, , 183, 203, , 225, 226, 237, 253, 243. 260. 297,: 8.36, 378,1 441, 504, '^istereil. I,. 'J.MIis. ,451 38 ,014 87 237 70 ,993 21 ,947 04 ,457 92 ,307 62 ,915 83 ,022 40 ,626 43 :.9M 79 ,322 11 ,922 32 ^M 55 ,636 63 ,174 86 ,072 61 ,240 29 SS3 28 ,917 00 896 36 ,516 04 . ,804 40 . ,976 69 . ,386 76 . ,309 27 . Eiirolleil ami Licensed. T<,11!. »tln. Tntal. . 157,8.37 53 . 131,341 90 . 181,167 09 . 150,711 12 . 154.710 93 . 163,930 62 . 169.524 93 . 171,313 63 . 131.199 79 . 135,071 29 . 211.349 30 , 219,549 64 . . 231,049 47 . 246,734 83 . 211,231 36 . 212,840 02 . 2.33,401 02 , 259,725 27 , , 271,273 75 , 301,643 48 , , 311,626 34 . 843.527 26 . 896,272 9J . 417,504 85 . 394,230 80 . 4.36,384 47 . e.Ui-. . 816,289 01 . 846,356 83 . 8.39,404 79 . 261,704 33 . 256,558 02 . 286,4;3S 69 . 298,333 69 . 828.733 86 . 359,222 24 . 376,097 72 . 404,314 14 410,371 76 . 41)0,971 79 , 430.300 83 . 414.818 04 . 433,014 88 , 459.473 63 , 496 965 66 625,163 03 650,359 43 672.522 70 646,04:5 .30 733.077 35 796,491 79 835,807 61 981,193 74 Within this period of 26 years, it will be seen that the tonnage of this district has nearly trebled in amount. Comparison of liie tonnage of New York with that of Boston, and of the United Slates at dilferent periods: Ti,r ir York. . H31IIS. BnstOi. ToriJ ir>llia. 1826 816.259 01 171.976 12 1830 250,553 02 135,000 17 1885 •A'i34,1S9 88 1,191,776 43 1,834,940 40 2,180,764 16 2,417,002 06 3.535.4&4 23 8,773,449 43 ading ports was, in Tnns. folliB, Waldoboro', Me. 108.593 61 Portland " 97,571 70 Bamslable,^/;^!. 72,997 44 San Francisco . .. 53,003 64 Charleston, 5. C. 31,910 27 Employment of Tonnage. — The following table presents the proportions of the tonnage employed in coasting trade, in steam navigation, and in the whaling business since 1829. The table of the coasting trade embraces only the "en- rolled and licensed tonnage," and docs not include the tonnage "licensed under 20 Ions," of which a subsequent statement is given, for the years ending June 30th, 1349, and June 8:ith. 1350. The table of steam navigation includes both " registered" and "enrolled and licensed" tonnage. A separate compar- ative statement of these classes for the years ending June 80th, 1849, and June 8i:th, 1S50, is also given subsequently under " utrjim marine." 5S0 Coast TraJe. Ton*. 95tli«. Wl-alios. Tons, t^tbs . . . 2,436 57 Years. 1329 17:5,130 S4 1,043 64 1330 142,329 33 12,103 30 1S31 146,788 33 12.756 50 18:32 166,049 45 13,483 52 1333 101,415 19 l:i,113 91 1.3.'34 163.477 80 14,673 94 13:33 172.663 84 16.908 28 1836 202,677 65 19,681 57 934 03 18:37 210,846 88 24,113 53 714 81 13.3S 221,00189 25,419 86 863 91 13:39 2:37.024 72. 80 0.54 41 2,460 49 1840 201.559 67 34,754 86 — 1841 203,053 19 31,727 21 1.76188 1842 228.456 87 35.260 81 1.451 iT 1813 249.677 27 35,317 63 ;370 23 1844 261,1:34 75 .36,;in5 SO 473 27 1845 291,209 66 42,270 01 370 23 1,346 8!;9.894 23 46,557 93 879 57 1847 3:37,663 54...... 62,420 83 — 1848 3^5,020 49 64,229 19 — 1849 406.156 48 71.813 73 — 1860 8-2.S86 71 95,115 50 465 00 1851 426.747 19 121.641 62 — The following table exhibits the tonnage "licensed under 20 tons," for the two fiscal years specified : ~. ,, , Ye:ir enil Tonnage lirenseil June: 0.1 under ill tons. T..n,. O,"..... Coasting tr.ide 11,199 90 Codflshery 143 43 Of enrolled and licensed tonnage, none was employed during these two years in the mackerel fishery. St^'im Tonnage. — The following taldc exhibits the amount and classification of the steam tonnage for the two fiscal years specified ; steam tonnage. S«. Year ending J>ine30. IKiO. Tons. 9.V.liS. 11,237 90 116 14 Ye.ir Y»*nr ending JmipUtJ, tf4 '. 'June '^O. lS--.a Tons. !t5[li5. T.17H. vtatlii. Eepstered 10.642 76 3S.I4S 47 Eurolltd and licensed . 61.175 92 5S,967 09 Total 71,818 73 95,115 56 This table exhibits a part of tlie j^reat incrense of rfgiatered slcam lonnaiie. which, bef^iiiiiinj in 1S47, has since been steadily increasinii:, and now pre-eminently chnracterizes New Vork. Further statistics of Ihe steam tonnarje will be found under the heads of "vessels buill" and "ocean steam- ships." The total sti-am marine of New York is nearly equal to that iif the empire of Great Britain with all its drj)enden- ciis. whirh in 1S51 was staled at 1.184 boats of 14'2,''S0 tons. AccurditiG: to tlie U. S. Treasury llepnrt on the U. S. steam insirine in 1851 — tlie numbiT of passengers carried on the Hudson river in the year endinsr July l.lSol, was 995.100, between New York and rhiladelphia by steamboats 840,000, and on Long Island Sound ^02,397. The steam tonnaije of New York compares a^ follows Willi ihat of several other cities — of the several coasts, ia land divisions, etc.— and of the United States in 1S51: T..n.. , Ton.. New Orleans 156.C54 j Baltimore 14,235 New York 121,541 I Northern frontier.... 00,165 Pittsburg 47.911 I Ohio basin G7.601 St. Louis 29 563 Mississippi valley . . . 67.95T Detroit 21.944 ] Athmtic coast 154,270 Phihulelphia 20,717 GulfofMuxico 23.244 IJuffalo 19,9.S3 Pacific coast S7,9S6 Total U. S. steam marine 5S3,G0T Arrivals and Dcpcniufr'.'i.— Annexed is a tabular slato- ment of the amount of torinnfre entered anil cleared the porl of New York, from :iih1 for fureign ports, in each ye.irfrom 1S21 to 1S51, a period of 31 yc.-ii-.s. disthiguishinir the Ameri- can from the total tonnage. The years end witli Sci)ti;mbcr to 1S43, thcnc*; with June. NEW NEW Amount iif tonnage entered the port of Nuw Ynrlc from, nnil ilic amount clfared the port of New York for torcign ports ; EXTERED. 1521 . . 1522 . 1523 . . lS-24 .. 1825 . . 1S-2G . . 1S27 . . 1S2S . . 1S29 . . 1830 . . IS'U . . 1S32 . . isas . . lS.i-1 - . 1S» .. ls:J6 . . 1S;S7 . . 1S3S . . is;i9 . . 1S4<).. 1^1 .. 1S43 . . 1S43 . . 1&44.. 1S45 . . 1*115 .. 1847 .. 1848 .. 1849 . . 1850 .. ISol .. To.js. 2U3,0S3 ....2114,3118 ,...2015,080 ,...259,634..., ,...24(5,174.... . ..2,'>5.276.... ...23G,8liS.... ,,,2.55,091 ,..280,918 ...2r4,2:!7,,., ,,,295,293,,,, , ,.320,ilS;S,,,. ,,,353,225.,,, ,..873,465.... ...4'j7,ij95.... ....3(58,011.... ...377,6(53,,,, ...422,349.,,, .,,409,458,... ,,,423,952.,,. ...400,023 ...247.950.... ...4.34,090 ...439.676.... ...i!l3,995.... .,,54:!,(l6o ..,639,3*5 ,.,711,730,, ...734.431.. ...956,879.... 171.963. 220.790. 226,789. 353,709, CLEARED. ,143,741 154,473 ,1.58,970 180,333 ,.190,189., .,218,480,, 230,179 24.5,612 217,302 233,931 263,431 232,400 266,.'>6:j 274,997 213.2:J4, 292,872 223,224, 27,5,077 207,1 24 248,207 281,513 200,708 226,201 814,715 209.599 243.285 337,009 2.34.409 294.235 401.713 221,087 310,120 430.918 239,415 341,527 ,, 444,904,, .. 464,464.. .. 556.730.. .. 639,373,, ,. 468,890,. .. 565,:335,, ., 637,694,. .. 649,045.. .. 655.315.. .. 813,214.. .. 676.480.. .. 579.218.. .. 665,877,. .. 863.663.. .. 932,493.. ..1,117,800,, ..1,145,331,. ,1,448,768., The en'rances and cleamnces at New York, at diffiTeiit periods, compare as follows with those of the United states (or the same years : ,,2.3.5.768 ..2S9,.5.53 ..271,746 ,,248,786 ,,263,8.87 ,,a31,.590 ,.275,.393 ..296,843 ..300,738 ,,221,733 .,371,968 ..341,094 ..396,493, .,. ,.495,.509 ,,491,219 .,669,711 ..596,812 325.376 309,690 404,957 405,959 85(5,654 464,:»47 392,.597 407,335 4ol.889 236.481 49^.254 4335l'5 5.53.716 785,745 7SS,.335 931,509 932,473 ,79.3.229 1,230,082 ENTRANCES. CI-EARANCFi!. New York. Venr«. Tiin^. 1,831 171.90:3. 1835 280,179. 1836 274.997. 1830 814,715. 18,35 4(W,4(54, 18-10 637,594. 1.845 592,218. 13.50 1.1453.31. 1351 1,448,7I5S, UniteJ ?titea. New York, .l,.57o,024.... 164.472 SSS.030 . 973.631..,. 203,431 1,055,446 ,1.047.300 .... 232.466 1 ,062.429 .1,099.027 243.285 1.106.196 .1.99o,9G3. . . . 809.590 2.031,:U1 . 2 .239,309 , . . . 392 597 2 35.3.495 . 2.940,049 , . . . 483 625 .... .2,984,252 .4 .343.639 .... 982,473 .... .4,861,002 .4.993.440. . . .1,330,082 6,130,(164 Diirinjr Ihe year ending 31st December, 1851, the nalion- nlity and character of vessels arriving at New York was as follows: Natioi'iilit.v- Nc American 2,331 British 966 French 30 liremen 1-83 Swedish 43 Austrian 9 Norwegian 54 Sicilian 7 Hamburg 44 Danish Ilns.«ian 12 Dutch 28 Belgian 13 Pru?,»*tan 29 Columbian 2 Neapolitan 4 Portuguese 14 P"ati- building States and districts ; States, Vessels Tols. Pi-striet. Vessels Tons. Bath . 40. 18,732 Maine . 254. . 77,398- Waldoboro.. . 44. 17,794 Portland . 27. 12,.309 Massachusetts . 183. . 41,324. .Boston . 60. 2.8.141 New York . . . 229. 76,805. .New York , . . 208. 71.214 Pennsvlv.ania. . 200. 28.623, .Philadelphia . 118. 20.066 Maryland 130. 18,027. .Baltimore ... . 72. 15,094 Commercial Jiesume.—Snmmury view of the pmportion of New York, in the whole imports, exports, custom-reve- nue, and tonnage of Ihe United States at different periods : Years. Imports Exports P.lfies Tonnage per cent. per teat. per (eat. per cent. 14.14.... 1792.... .... 9.71.... 35.83... _ 1795 ... — ....15.:34.... ....48.88... — 18110.... _ 1485.... ....39.77... — 1805.... — ....2-3.12.... ....53.73... — 1810 ... ....28.12.... ...,15.90.... 10.90 ....611.86... ....29.70... ....30.57... ....36..57.,.. 1816 1820.... 1821 .... ....67.,55.... 16.89.... _ 1825.... ....51.93.... ....44.80.... .,,,73.37,,.. ....20.02 ISliO.... ....54.54.... ....2-3.93 ....68.43.... ....21..53 15a>.... ....69.."iS.... ....23.86 ....7461.... ...MM 1,840.... .....^3.05.... ....22.85.... .....55.84.... ....19.02 1845.... .58.78.... ....39.83.... ....64.18.... . . . .22.77 ^3.50.... .....57.90.... ....25.44 ....61.73.... . . . .23.61 18.51 ....64.78.... ....24.6S NEW NEW Ko.ut Vessels Total Toimage. No. of Linea. Vessels. 1 Total onnsge. ... 5.. 2.. . 15,01)0 , 4.400 Richmond 3... Mobile, etc 1... 9t)2 1.900 ... 2. ...4. 2.. . 3,400 . 6,200 . 2,000 Savannah 3... Norfolk 2... New Orleans, etc. 3... 8,950 2,100 4,S00 OceO/Jt StsamfiMps. — New York is distinguished for ita great lines of ocean steamships, which have :dl been brought into existence since 1S46. These vessels have all been built at New York shipyards, and received their machinery from New York foundries. The total number of steamships built at this port, and launched previous to 1853 is 59 ; of wliieh Iho number launched in 1S49, was 3; in 1S50, 14; in ls51, 11 ; in ls5-2, 11. The prt-sent number (1S53) of sleam- Bhip companies is 10, having 76 steamers, with total tonn.ige of 129.010 tons. Of these, the following table will exhibit the different lines, the number of their vessels, with their aggregate tonnage, etc. : Lines. Liverpool Havre Bremen . . , Charleston New Orleans 2. OaUfornia Zi?ii?«.— Aspinwall, C. A., 10 vessels, 19,600 tons, which connecis with Tacific Mail Co., consisting iji 14 steamers, 15,536 tons. The New York and San Francisco Steamship Co. consists of 4 steamers (2 on each side), aggregate tonnage 7,400. The Empire City Line for San Francisco consists of 3 steamships, with aggregate tonnage of 6,000. Vanderbilt's line, ^■«t Nicaragua, consists of 10 vessels, with aggregate tonnage of 13,000 tons. The British lioyal Mail Line (Cunard) have 11 steamers, 16,000 tons. The Glasgow Line has 1 steamer, 2,000 tons ; and a second in construction. Domestic Trade. — The amount of tram 1S44 to 1852 inclusive,with the aggregate market value of the same : rear. Ton... Valuf. Year. Tons. Valup. 1544. .277,86.5. .$ii.3ii,en 1S49. .4.34.444. .$19,808,595 1S45. .320.463. . 15.962,250 1S50. .401,781. . 20,218,183 1846. .419,306.. . 18,836.413 1S6I. .4.57,024. . 16.437,653 1847. ..501,205. . 33.590,938 1S52. .576,772. . 22,564,256 lais. .481,041.. D32 . 21,145,421 The following is a statement of several of the leading articles arriving csaslwiee, in 1351 : Articlea. Amnunt, Articles. Airoonl. Cotton, bales. 456,637 Rice, trcs 42,433 Coffee, bags 62,:«1 Salt, bushels. 10,180 Figs, drums 77,350 Sugar, hhds 21,443 Hemp, bales 19,476 " trcs 53 Hides, No 203,623 " bbls 36,263 Lead, pigs 176,538 " boxes 3,599 Molasses, hhds 12,650 " bags 13,733 " trcs 1,247 Tobacco, hhds. U,S27 « bbls 39,797 " bales, etc. . . 423 Raisins, boxes 82,041 Wool, bales 10,692 " casks 1,035 The aggregate of the trade carried on by means of the various railroads which centre at New York is most im- mense. Of these railroads the principal one is the Erie Railroad, which bears a relation to the entire southern portion of New York, and northern of Pennsylvania, etc., very similar to that sustained by the Erie Canal to the northern part of New York Slate. On all the railroads diverging from this city toward Philadelphia, Boston, and Albany, the traffic is also immense, and ever increasing. The following are the several principal lines from this city : Miles. Mile-". I Camden and Amboy.. ,. 90 Central (.N.J.) 73 Morris and Esses 44 Union S3 New Jersey, etc 87 New York and Erie .... 469 Hudson River 150 Harlem 153 New York and New Haven 76 Housatonic 110 Long Island 90 By means of these railroads, New York is directly con- nected with every section of the country; and the various lines with which these are interwoven form a great net- work of several thoa^and miles of iron highway. Of the total internal trade furnished from the city, dry goods form probably the greatest portion ; but that of man- ufactures is well-nigh as extensive. Book-publishing is a principal business, and from the mercantile arrangements of the trade, by semi-annual trade sales, commission pub- lishers, etc., has become a great feature of the internal tratlc of the city, and a branch it has acquired at the expense of other cities. Of the general character of the internal trade of Ne\7 York, it may summarily be said, that ii surpasses that of .ill other cities in the Union, and differs from that of the entire nation only in degree. Bayiks. — There are 40 banks, with an aggregate capital of $:)5,834,950, In 1S30, the bank capital of New York was $15.280,000 ; in 1536, $20,361,200. The following statement exhibits the capital and rate of dividends of the banks of the city in each year, from 1345 : Years. 1845. 1846. 1547. Cnpital. .$23,084,100 . 23,084,100 . 23.034,100 1843... 23,034100 Hi*, per cent. ....6.21 ....7.09 ....7.25 ...,8.09 Years. Cnpital. 1849... $24,457,390 1S50... 27,440,270 1551... 23,057.450 ....8.93 1852... 35,334,950 .... — per cent. ...8.2S ...8.69 Ins7trancs Companies. — ^There are 37 fire and marine insurance companies, with an aggregate capital of $6,654,010 j and 6 life insurance and trust companies, with an aggregate capital of $5,060,000. Puhlic Buikliiigs. — The City Hall, standing near the centre of the Park, is a handsome edifice, built chiefly of white marble, and is 216 feet long, 105 feet wide, and 51 feet high. It is two stories high above the basement, with a third story in the centre, from which rises a cupola of very beautiful proportions, surmounted by a colossal figure of Justice; erected 1803-12, at a cost of $533,731. It contains 28 rooms and public offices for the accommodation 'tf the mayor, common council, etc., of which thn Governor's Room NEW NEW is the priricipiil one, and conUiins many iiirg'^ porlrails of gr^at natioTiiil ctuiractLTs. Olher rooms conluiri valuable paintings, etc. The New City Hall is a largo brick buiUling in the rear of this edifice, which is occupied by (lie conrts, public offices, etc. East of the City Hall is the Hall of Re- cords, where arc preserved all the rocorils and pultlic docu- ments uf the city. The Custom House is one of the most perfect buildings of its size in the world. Its site is at the corner of Wall and Nassau streets, and was formerly occu- pied by the Old City Hall, iii which Washington was inau- gurated first president of the United States, and the American Congress lield their sessions in New York. It is built in imitation of the Parthenon, at Athens, in the Doric tirdcr, of white marlile, and is 200 feet luno;, 90 feet wide, and SO feet high. Kach of the north and south fronts has a portico of S Doric columns, 5 feet S inclies in diameter and 32 feet Iwgh. The entire exterior, including the roof, is conslructeil of while marble, excepting the 9tei)S, which are of granite. In tlio construction of the interior, marble, granite, and Lriek alone were used, thus rendering it perfectly fire-proof. Some of the largest blocks of marble used weigh 33 tons. It was commenced in May, 1S34, and finished in May, IS-ll. Its cost, ground included, was $1,195,000— building alone, $950,000. The interior is divided into a grand rotunda and numerous spacious offices. The rotunda is a magniticciit room, GO feet in diameter and SO feet in the recesses; its dome is sui)ported by 16 columns 30 feet high, which are beautifully wrought, and have capitals of the most exquisite workmanship. The number of officers employed in the Cuslom House is about 350. The Merchants' Exchange, in "Wall Street, is the most magnificent edifice in New York. It covers the entire block bounded by Wall Street, William Street, Hanover Street, and Exchange Place. Its front upon Wall Street is 19S feet, its height 7T feet— to the bip of the do[ue V14 feet. It is constructed in the most svibstanlial form, and perfectly lire-proof, of Quincy granite, and cost, including the ground, $1,800,000. The front on Wall Street has a recessed portico, with IS massive columns, 38 feet bigh and -i feet 4 indies m diameter, each formed from a solid block of^^tone, and weighing 4:5 tons, which cost $3,000 each, and are among the largest in the world. The build- ing belongs to the '•Merchants' Exchange Company," in- corporated in 1S"J3, with a capital of $1,000,000. It contains a grand central rotunda and numerous spacious offices used by bankc-Ts, insurance companies, etc. The rotunda is a most magnificent room, 80 feet in diameter, with 4 recesses, and 51 feet high, and is surmounted by a dome which as- cends 30 feet higher, terminating in a sky-light 37 feet in diameter. The dome is supported in part by 8 columns of Italian marble, 41 feet high, in the Corinthian order, and splendidly pi.lisbed. In this spacious hall, at exchange hours, the chief merchanLs of the city daily assemble. The Board of Brokers also meet here daily, and the Chamber of Commerce here holds its monthly sessions. Tlie Halls of Justice occupy an entire block between Cen- tre, Elm, Leonard, and Franklin streets, having their prin- cipal front upon Centre Street. The building is constructed of granite, in tho most massive manner, in Egyptian archi- tecture, and ia 253 feet long and 200 feet wide. Its front has a recessed portico, supported by 14 massive granite columns. The edifice is occui»ied by the Court of Sessions, police courts, officers' rooms, prison cells, etc. The gloomy aspect of the building has won for it the general name of '' The Tombs." The City Penitentiary, with the buildings of the Limalic Asylum, Almshouse, Workhouse, etc., are situated on lilack- well's Inland, about 5 miles from the City Hall. These are very large stone buildings, and, thougli of simple archi- tecture, present a very imposing appearance. They are seen to fine advantage frnm steamboats in passing lhroui;h the East lliver. The penitentiary has an entire length of nearly 500 feet, and consists of a central building 4 stories high, sur- mounted by a square tower and two wings, each 4 stories high and 200 feet long. The almshouse is 3 stories in height, 325 feet in length, and 55 feet wide, with two large wings at each end. The lunatic asylum consists of a central edifice, with four wings. The new State Arsenal, situated on Fifth Avenue, between Sixty-second and Sixty-fourth streets (,4i miles from the City Hall), a large and commodious edifice, containing arms and nuinitions belonging to the State, was erected in 1S4S, cost- ing $30,000. Il is built in the Gothic castellated style, pre- senling a massive and appropriate appearance ; its dimen- sions are 200 feet in front, by 50 feet deep, exclusive of the lowers, of which there are S — i in front, and 1 at each angle -69 feet high. The first stitry is of brown stone, the remain- der of brick, and the roof is of iron. It contains great mmi- bers of cannon, small arms, etc., and some interesting trophies taken from the English during the Kevolution and the last war. The Post Office, formerly the Middle Dutch Church, iu Nassau Street, between Liberty and Cedar streets, is note- worthy for its history. It was erected before the lievolu- tion, and much of its interior woodwork and steeple was bnuigtit from Holland. During the Revolutionary War, this church, in common with others used by the lirilish, was nmcli injured from its occupation as a prison, hospital, etc. In KOO, it was repaired, and again used for public worship, in which service it continued until rented by the U. S. Gov- ernment for the general post office of the city. The descriptions of the large and conmiodions edifices used by the benevolent institutions of the city, also those of etiucation, etc., will be found under their appropriate heads. The Crystal Palace, for the exhibition of the industry of all nations, built in ls53, for the purposes of a World's Fair, is situated on Sixth Avenue, between Fortieth and Forty-sec- ond streets, on Reservoir Square, adjoining the Dislribuling Ke3er\oir of the Croton Aqueduct, 3^ nnles from the City Hall. The Association which has erected this magnificent structure, was incorporated for the purpose by the Legisla- ture, March 11, ls52, having previously received the lease of the square from the Common Council of the city, on Jan. 3d, 1.^52. It was incorporate education by the illilerate and poorer classes of the population than in most cities of tJie tTnited Slates, but these are chiefly of foreign birth, and are cnm- pelled to use their children to gain a livelihood. Acconling to the census of 1850, the total number of adult people un- able to read and write in the city, was 18,807, being a per- centage of 3.65 of the enlire population, or 1 in 27^ persons. Of Ihis total, 10,449 were of foreign birth, 1,GG7 were native negroes, and 601 were born in America. According to the annual report of the Board of Education for the year 1850- 51, the whole number of schools within its jurisdiction during the year ending 30th April. 1851, was 207, of which the number belonging to the " Pul>lic School Society'' was 114, ward schools 72, corporate schools 21, and among which were 17 schools for colored chihlren. TJie whole number of children taught during the year ending February 1, 1851, was 107,303; number during the year 1849-50 was 102,974; while the average attendance during 1850-51 was 40,055 ; and in 1849-50, 35,993. The following tabular statement exhibits the most important statistics for the schools during four years each ending on February Ist: Ag. Cost Wlinle No, Average ol Instruc- I:i'!7 , 40,933 .. . 14,652 8,743 .... 2,125 95,045 .... 35,3(U . . $2J»,490 NEW NEW Yt-ar Feb. I. f Public .... W:inl Corporate.. r Public... Wiir.I Curporutt'.. 115 114 T-2 21 . . 53.64G . 45.*72 . 3,556 .103,»T4 . 58.3:39 . 5it,fe59 . 3.0G5 Ag.Co^t Avei-rtjje ..riiiBtniL- .. 18,153 .. lo,sii5 .. '^.1140 . . ;35.9S)3 . . $-i4S,301 Totals.. 3U7 ....li)T,3ti;3 .... 40,055 .. $2r4,7')5 The cost per scholar for 240 days' instruction, etc., in the year eniiiiif; Feb. 1, 1S4S, was $tl 20 ; ditto in 1S49, $6 84 ; dilto in ISoO, $G 87; ditto in ISol, .|() SO— the average cost fir the f'lur years per schohir, $G OS, By an act of the Legis- lature ill 1853, the Public Sclioni Society is discontinued, and the general dialrict system of the "SUite introduced. * The Free Academy is a public high scliool of Uic- city, establislied "for the purpose of extending the benefits of education gratuitously to those wlio have been pupils in the common schonls of the city and county of New Yorlc.'* Tlie pr-'jeet wiLS .submitted to tlic popular vote of the ciiizons In 1S46, and approved Ijy a very large majority. The building erected for the purpose, and openeil January 27, 1349, is situated at the corner of Lexington Avenue and Twenty- third Street. It is a spacious and elegant structure, built in the Goihic style, after the manner of the Town Halls of the Nelherlands. Its dimensions are 125 feet long, SO feet wide, and 5 stories high. The cost of the Imilding was al)out $50,000, of the lot $20,000, and of its furniture and apparatus $10,000. It will accommodate about 1,000 scholars, lu its construction utility and ornament are admirably combined. The number of instructors in the academy are 11 ; the num- ber of students admitted at the opening, of tlie institution was 53; has since steadily increased with successive terms, and now amounts to several hundred. Tiiere are in tlic city a great number of private academies. Of female semi- naries, two are very large, and of great reputation — the Hutger's Female Institute in Madison Street, and Spingler Institute in Unitm Place — each of which have line stime edifices, are well furnished with apparatus, etc., and have over 500 pupils. Colleges. — There are in the city 2 collegiate institutions, R medical olleges, and 2 theological seminaries. Cohnnbia College was f"unded in 1754, by royal charter as King's College. In 1734 its name was changed by the legislature to Columl^ia College. In 1850 it had 7 instructors, 1,450 alumni, 111 students, and 17,000 volumes in its library. It is under the direction of llie Prolestimt Episcopal Church. Its buildings are in a beautiful square, a little west from the City Hall, and consist of a large and handsome edifice, 200 feet long by 50 feet wide, with wings at each end etc. The University of the City of New York was founded in 1831. In 1S50 it had 11 instructors. 320 alumni, 151 students, and 4,000 volumes in library. Its edifice, on the east side of "Washington Square, occupying one block, is the most splen- did collegiate buiMing in the United States, and is one of the finest ornaments of the city. II is constructed of white marble, in the Gothic style of Knglish collegiate architecture. Its dimensions are ISO feet long, 100 feet wide, and 4 stories high, flanked with square towers on its 4 corners, which rise one story above the side walls, and having a central building which, rising much higlier than the sides, is 55 feet broad, and S5 feet deep, crowned with turrets, and in Common with the si'le walls of the whole building, has an ornamented embattled parapet. This central building is an imitation of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, England, and is used as the principal chapel of the University. It is probably one of the finest rooms of the kind in America. Connected with the University is a very flourishing gram- mar school, and the University Medical College. B 4 The Ciillege of Physicians and Surgeons is a very flour- ishing medical inslitutum, ftmnded in 1307. In 185 i it had 6 jirofeasors, 219 atullege is an itistilntion opened in 1851, and occupying a haiid.some structure, in East Thirteenth Street. n..'ar Fourth Avenue. These schools enjoy the advantages of cliiiicat insiruciioti at the various hospitals. The Getienil Theological Seminary of tlie rmtii^lant Episcopal Church was founded in 1M7. It occupies an entire square, between Ninlti and Tenth avenues, and Twciilieth and Twenty-first streets. Its edifices are two large, handsome buildings of stone, in Gothic archilcctiire. lu 1850, it had 5 pmfessurs, 04 students, 33G graduates, and 10,000 volumes in its library. It is well endowed, au>l in a flourishing conditie. The library will be opened for public use in ISoS. I'tii-wdmd Press.—Tha whole number of periodicals published in the city in June, 1S50, was 125, of which 14 were issued daily, 8 semi-weekly, 68 weekly, 8 on Sunday, 5 semi-monlhly, 30 monlhly, and 2 quarterly. Names of dailies: "Herald" (indep.), "Tribune" (whig), "Sun" (neu- tral), "Courier and Enquirer" (whig), "Journal of Com- merce" (neutral), "E.vpress" (whig), "Morning Star" (neu- tral), "Commercial Advertiser" (whig), "Evening Post" (free soil), "Evening Mirror" (whig), "Merchants' Day- Book" (whig), "Globe" (dem.), Deutsche Schnell Post" (German), and " New Yorker Demokrat" (German). Each of these issue other editions weekly or semi-weekly. The dailies, with many of the weeklies, surpass Ihose of any other city in the Union in their intrinsic merits, size, capital involved, and circulation. The total circulation of the 8 dailies in 1S50, at each issue, was 164,261 copies, being over one-sixth of all the dailies printed in the United States. The largest circulations attained by dilTerent issues, were : Of dailies, the " Sun," 66,000 copies ; of weeklies, the " Trib- une," 48,000; of montldies, the "American Messenger" (relig.), 211,000. City Government, Departmmie, Institutions, PuUic TVoi-ks, etc, — The government is vested in the mayor, re- corder, ,nnd Common Council, which body consists of the two boards of aldermen and assistant aldermen, each com- posed of 19 members, 1 from each ward. The mayor and aldermen are elected once in 2 years, the assistant aldermen annually. There are 9 executive departments, viz., police, finance, streets, repairs and supplies, streets and lamps, Croton Aqueduct, city inspectors, alms-house, and law. The number of civil courts is 4, besides 6 ward courls ; of crimi- nal courls, 3. besides 3 police courts. Bj>peiiMS nj Gomrmiwnl —The total expenses of the city government in each year since ISOO, is exhibited in the fol- lowing statement of the amount raised each yciir for city purposes : Amount. . $1,1186.1.30 . 1,260.000 . 1,300,000 . 1,2110,000 . 1,100,000 . 1,266,000 . 1,100,000 . 990,000 . 1,298,922 . 1,.3.39,4S7 . l,7r)4,.323 . 1,740,361 . 1.992,160 . 2.302,.')64 . 2,578,3J5 . 2,924.493 . 8,378,335 Ytars. Amount. Tear.. Amount. ye,ir>. 1801 .. .. $75,000 1S19 . . .. $2,')0,140 1836, 1802 . . . . T6.000 1S20 . . . 270,301 1837, 1803 .. . . 75,000 1S21 . . . 259,430 1833 . 1804 . . .. 75,1100 1S22 . . . 302,1116 1839 . 1805 .. .. 127.947 1S23 .. . 351,814 1840 . 1806 . . .. 127.815 1324 . . . 353,328 1841 . 1S07 .. .. 119.155 1S25 . . . 336,864 1842. 180S . . .. 13S.9SO 1S26 . . . 588,769 1843. 1809 . . .. 139,027 1S27 .. . 487,692 1844 . 1810 .. .. 1-29.727 1S2S .. . 4,85,752 1846. 1811 . . .. 176.978 1SJ9 .. . 607,107 1840. 1812 . . .. 174,920 1S.30 .. . 509,178 1847 . 1813 ... .. 174,727 1«31 .. . 562,104 1843. 1814 ... .. 214,225 1S32 . . . 665.386 1819 . 1S15 .. .. 197,913 1S.33 . . . 971,800 1850. 181S ... .. 180,654 1S.34.. . 835.605 1851 . 1317 .. .. 216.720 1835 .. . 965,603 1S52. 1S18 ... .. 255,741 The debt of the city, on 1st January, 1845, was : Permanent Debt $12,881,750 42 Temporary " 1,147.914 80 Total " $14,029,665 22 In 18.52, according to the message of the mayor, it w.ns : Permanent debt redeemable from sink, fimd $14,578,9118 00 Temporary debt redeemable from taxation . 710,000 00 NEW The following table exhibits the amount of taxation in decades of years since 1800, and the comparative increase of taxation and population during the eamo periods : Teriods. Amonnt. i — ■ > , Tax. per ct. Pop. per CL 1801-10 $1,082,656 — 59 1811-20 2,112,379 95 QS 1S21-30 4,127,030 95 64 1831-40 9.945,694 141 54 1841-50 16,367,133 65 65 Total tax in 60 years, $33,634,691 ; in 1861 and '52, $6,302,823. Total tax in 62 years, 89,937,719. The rate of tax, per head, in different years was as fol- lows : reara. Rule. Tear?. Rate. Tears, Rate. Teara, ■Rate. 1800. .$1.24 1815. .$2.82 1830. .$2.61 1845. .$3.61 1806. . 1.69 1820. . 2.18 1&35. . 8.57 1850. . 6.00 1810. . 1.35 1825. . 2.03 1840. . 8.62 The amount of corporation property owned by the city in 1S5I, consisting chit-fly of real esta'£, piers, wharves, etc., as estimated under direction of the controller, was $19,505,310 8S. Of this property, a large portion lying in the upper part of the city was sold at auction in 1&53. The same estimate gave as the total cost of the Croton Aqueduct, $14,n41,5S3 95; of the Keceiving Reservoir, $134,000 00;of the Distributing Keservoir, $152,000 00. The statistics of the various departments of the city arc as follows : Police DepaHment, — The ci'.y is divided into 19 patrol districts, each ward constituting one, which are patrolled by a total force of 941 policemen, averaging 50 to each ward. Criminal Utatiaiic^. — The blaVistica of the criminal courts of the city for the years 1S51-62 are as follows : Wliole number of tn.-its ]S52. 1851. In the Court of Oyer and Terminer 14 . . 14 In the Court of General Sessions 447 . , 417 In the Court of Special Sessions 2,405 . . 2,079 To^l 2,S66 .. 2,510 The total number of convictions in these courls during the year 1S51 was 2,494 ; of which 1,530 were for petit lar- ceny ; for assault and battery, 703 ; burglary, 47 ; grand lar- ceny, 105; forgery 17, etc. During 1S51, the number com- mitted to tlie city prison was 16,522, making, with 221 remaining on January 1, 16,543. Of these, 12,955 were discharged, 3,390 sent .o the penitentiary, 192 to the Slate prison, and 3 were executed. The statistics of the peni- tentiary on Blackwell's Island for the year 1S52 were as fol- lows : Remaining in penitentiary Dec. 31, 1S51 879 lieceived during the year 1852, males 2.017 " " " females 2,348 4,305 Total 5,244 Discharged, males 1,913 " females 2,290 4,203 Remaining in penitentiary Dec. 81, 1S52 1,041 Alma- House DcparinxenL — This department has charge ©fall the city institutions for the relief of the poor. etc. ; the penitentiary, prisons, work-house, asylums, hospitals, etc. The principal buildings on Blackwell's Island are very largo, and contain several thousand inmates. The charge of these" institutions is comniitti'd to a board of 10 governors. The real estate occupied by this department was valued in 1S51 at $1,200,000. The combined statistics of the total expenses of the city hospitals, asylums, nurseries, and prisons for the year 1S50, were as follows: NEW NEW Instiiuliona. Total Expenses, Alnis-IIouse $30,10S SS Efllevue Hospital 45,279 13 City Prison 18,802 81 Colored Home 7,fiG4 5S Colored Orphan Asylum 2.*;o7 13 Lunatic Asylum 31,ii44 U Nursery 3S,206 53 Nursery Hospital 14,040 93 Office 23,127 69 Out-Door Poor 6i!.5(>7 04 Penitentiary G(f.K95 52 Penitentiary Hospital 3,917 62 Police, Office of the Chief of 5b Ul Prison, 2<1 DistricU 1,695 9S Prison, 3U District 1,369 44 Ean.lairs Island 10,507 S3 Small Pox Hospital 043 55 Storehouse, Blackwoll's Island 29.445 63 Storehouse, liandairs Island 10,SS3 75 "Work-House 11 ,430 85 New Work-House Building 2,455 40 Total monthly cost of supplies, $406,652 60. Of 4 of tiiese institutions, the following are some of their statistics for the year 1S52. NUMBBH OF INMATES. Hemainins AdiiuHed Disriinrged Rf^maining Dec.:JI,lN51. in]»J2. and J it- J. Dec.31, IS.'.i. Bellevue Hospital. C09 5,0S9 5,1S2 61 6 Aims-House — — — 1,267 Lunatic Asylum.. 517 495 4S5 527 Nursery 1,419 1,773 1,SS1 1,311 Of the Alms-Houso inmates— 1,022 were bom in foreign countries, and 245 in the United States; 653 were males, 614 females. There are three large dispensaries, whose free chariuible minislralions have for many years been of very great assistance in relieving the medical wants of the poorer classes. According to recent police returns, 1S.450 persons were found living in 3.742 underground basements. Nearly one-third of these persons were classified as dirty in person, and their basements of the same description. Ci'oton Aqueduct Department— Hhe Croton Aqueduct was commenced in 1S37, and its completion celebrated Oct- 14th, 1S42. It is 401- m. long, commencing at the Croton r., in Westchester co., 5 m. from Hudson r. The dam, built of stone and cement, is 250 feet long, 40 feet high, 70 feet thick at it3 base, and 7 at ils top. The pond thus created is 5 m. long, covering 400 acres, and estimated to contain 500,000,000 gallons of water. The aqueduct, built of stone, brick, and cement, and arched over and under, is 6 feet 9 inches wide at its bottom, 7 feet 5 inches wide at the top, an'l S feet 5 inches high, has a descent of 13J inches per m., and will discharge 60,ii00,000 gallons in 24 hours. It crosses Harlem r. on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feet long, Bupported by 14 stone piers, and which cost nearly $1,000,000. The receiving reservoir is between Sixth and Seventh avenues, and Seventy-ninth and Eighty-sixth streets, cover- ing 35 acres, containing 150,000,000 gallons of water, and cost $1.34,000. The distributing reservoir, on Fiflli Avenue and Forty-second Street, is a most massive stnictiire, is 2,120 feet square, covering over 4 acres, containing 25,000,000 gallons, and cost $152,000. Thence the water is distributed over the city in iron pipes, of which, in 1S52, 215 m. length had been laid. Tlie daily consumption is about 30,000,000 gallons. The supply is considered adequate for three or four times the present population of the city. In 1351 the total cost of the Croton Aqueduct and its connections was $14,n41,5"i4. Its revenue now amounts to nearly $500,000, and is steadily increasing. J^ire Department. — Kngine companies in 1S51, 49, with 34 engines. 49 hose compnnies, with carriages, and 5S.5O0 feet of hose, S hook and ladder companies. 3 hydrant companies; whole number of firemen 2,172. The real estate used by the Fire De|);irtment was valued, in 1S51, at $151,800. Sta- tistics of fires in 1S.V2— total number, 325; o1" false alarms, 193; loss of buildings by fire, $223,428; loss on stock, $1,359,003 ; number of persons who lost their lives by fires, 13. Market*!, tic. — There are 14 principal markets, the build- ings of wliich occupy large areas of gmund, but are utterly unworthy of ihe city, occujiying real estate, valued in 1S51 at $1,109,000. Of these, tlie largest and most im- portant is Washington Market, in Washington Street, front- ing on the Hudson llivi-r. Its business is chiefly whole- sale, and mure extensive than any other in the United States, The following are approximate estimates of its aggregate yearly sales: .. $1,000,000 .. 17,500,000 . . 1,000,000 15,000 .$2^.452.000. retiiU Meat trade $5,000,000 Poultry tr.ide. Fruit " 2,800,000 Vegetable " . Batter " 430,000 Kgg " . Honey " 9.000 Nut " . Fish " 648.000 Total yearly sales of all kindsof produce. . The other markets arc more occupied with the trade. The following statistics of the cattle trade, for the years 1S51 and '52, give only an approximate statement of liie consumption of meat in the city. Sales of beeves, etc., in the New York cattle market, in 1S51 and '52 : Total Cfiws.md Slippp anJ Sales. Eesvefl. Cnlves. Lunjlis. 1S51 SS.994 5,4ii0 264,200 1S52 105,225 5,68S 82.3,000 Zuvn^f.5.— Total number of licensed omnilnises, Feb. 1, 1S50, 425, paying $7,6:30 ; number of same in 1S52. .30 lines, having a full number of 800 stages, of which 445 licenses pay $12,380; total number of licensed hnck9 in 1S50, -131, paying $2,133. Of other principal licenses, the following is a summary for 18^)2: Cartmen, 4,233 ; dirt carls, 1,460; pub- lic porters, 245. etc. Summary of tavern licenses during 1S50-52, the years ending Dec. 31 ; and of liquor licenses during 1850-52. the years ending May 1 ; also the number of licenses granted in 1S52, after May 1 ; and the total number of places where rum is sold, as reported by the police : AflerMay 1, 18S0. 15.^1. 1FB2. 18.^2. SolJ. 5,950.... — .... — 5,190.... 5,796.... 6,303 Tavern licenses . .4,528 5,047. . Liquor " ..3,986 4,553.. City Railroad.^.— The Fourth Avenue E. E., belonging to the Harlem II. K., has been in operation for several years. During 11 hours of the day, cars run every 7 minute's from the Astor House to Twenty-seventh Street— fare 6 cents. The Sixth Avenue P. K. went into operation on Aug. 11, 1852. Cars are run every 4 minutes for 12 hours of tlie day, from Yesey Street to Forty-fourth Street— fare 5 cents. Au immense number of persons, averaging, in 1352, over lO.OuO daily, use these cars, as also those of Fighth Avenue P. R. The receipts from its opening to Dec. 1, 1352, were $40,451. The Eighth Avenue R. E.went into operation 31st Aug., 1S52. The cars run every 4 minutes during the greater ]iart of the day and evenings, from Vesey to Fifty-first streets— fare 5 cents. The daily number of passengers, in 1S52, averaged over 11,000. The receipts of the road, from its opening, during the year 1352 (4 months 1 day) were $59.5! lO. In 1S53, branches of the above roads are extended through Canal Street to Broadway. Other avenue railroads are in rapid construction, of which the princijial are on tho Second and Ninth avenues, extending to tho lower part of the city. Benevolent Institutiona.—'nie cliaritable institutions, not under the charge of the city corporation, but established and sustained by the sympaihelic liberality of associations and the citizens, are highly creditable to the character of New York. Of these, tlie New York Ho.^piiai, in iiroad- w-y, opposiU* Pearl Street, is among the principal. It was 587 NEW NEW funiuk'il in I'Tl. It consists of 3 larjie stone edifices, finely located in a lieauliful, tpacions yard, very cominodions, and well fitted up, and will accommodate 400 patients. It has a large annual revenue, but which is annually expended. The total number of patients admitted from December 31, IS'29, to December 31, 1862, was 54,076. The number re- mainins December 81, 1851, was 801 ; number of admissions during U52, 3,448 ; number discharged in 1852, 3,407 ; num- ber remaining December .31, 1832, 842. It is the only gene- ral hospital of any note in the city. The Blonmingdale Asylum for the Insane, located at Bloomingdale, near the Hudson river, between Tenth and Kleveulh avenues, One Hundred and Seventeenth and One Hundred and Twentieth streets, 7 miles from the City Hall, is a branch of the New Yorlc Hospital, which went into operation in June, 1821. There are three very large and commodious buildings of hewn stone, with 40 acres of ground beautifully laid out into pleasure-grounds, gardens, etc. The statistics of this institution for the year 1853 arc as follows : Number of patients in Asylum Jan. 1, 1852 122 Admitted during the year 102 Discharged " " . .' 87 Died " « :...■ IS Number of patients in Asylum Dec. 31, 1852 119 Eeeeipis during the year $31,137 47 E.xpenditures $31,254 01 Balance in treasury $SS3 S6 Value of products of the farm in 1952 $5,261 00 The total number of patients treated since the opening of the Asylum approximates 5,000. The New Yorlc Institution for the Inslruction of the Deaf and Dumb is located between Fourth and Fifth avenues, and Forty-ninth and Fiftieth streets. Si miles from the City Hall. The principal edifice, occupied since 1829, is a very handsome structure,5 stories high. 110 feet long. and 60 feet wide. The whole number of iialients at the institution in 1S52 was 303; number discharged during the year, 44; number remaining Dec. 81, 1852, 259 ; of whom 14:S were males and 116 females. These were supported as follows: by the State of New Yorlc, 182 ; by the city of New York, 16 ; by the State of New Jersey, 13 ; by their friends, 31 ; by the Institution, 16; by the Commissioners of Emigration, 1. Expenses in 1853. $43,000 ; receipts, $41,000. Tlie Institution for the Blind, on Ninth Avenue, Thirty- tliird and Thirty-fourth streets, is a Large and splendid edifice of granite, in Gothic style, and one of the finest orna- nv^nls of the city. The total number of inmates during 1S52 was 150 ; number remaining Dee. 31, 1852, 10-3. Orphan .\syli>ins. — The New York Orphan Asylum, situ- ated at Bloomingdale, near Hudson river, on Seventy-first Street, 4J m. from City Hall, is a handsome building of stone, in Gothic style, 120 by 60 feet, connected with 9 acres of ground, and contains several hundred children. The Protest^uit Half-Orphan Asylum is in Sixth Avenue, be- tween Tenth and Eleventh streets. The Colored Orphan Asylum, on Fifth .\ venue, between Forty-secoud and Forty- third streets, is a large institution in flourishing condition. Number of children Jan. 1, 1852, 201 ; admitted in 1852, 67; remainingDee.31,lS53,207— boys, 130; girls, 77; tot.al number admitted since opening of the asylum, 631 ; receipts and expenses during 1852, each al>out $16,000. The Eomau Catholic Orphan Asylum, in Prince Street, near the Cathe- dral, is a very large institution, under charge of the Sisters of Charily. On Dec. 31, 1852. it contained aI)out 700 chil- dren — 800 girls and 400 boys. Expenses of the year. $25,000. tlther asyhuns are, the Home for Aged Indigent Fenudes, having, in 1852, 87 inmates; expenses and receipts in same year, about $4,000. Asylum for Lying-in "Women, which, in 1852, accommodated 141 women in conflncment, etc; the Colored Home, Magdalen, Friendless Boys, and others. There are five dispensaries, which annually afford medi- cal aid to vast numbers of the population. Of these the 8SS New York Dispensary was established in 1790. tite Northern in 1827, the Eastern in 1830, the Deinilt in 1S51, the North- western in 1852. The aggregate applications to the first three, in 1852, for medical aid, was 79,379; number of vac- cinations. 6.816. Institutions for Seamen.— On Staten Island are three large and most excellent institutions for seamen ; viz., the Miirine Hospital at Tompkinsville, near the Quarantine ground, consisting of 3 buildings ; the Seaman's llelreat ; and the Sailor's Snug Harbor, on the N. side of the island, wliich provides a home for aged and decayed seatnen, and pos- sesses an estate, bequeathed by CapL Bandall, now valued at $1,000,000. ReUgioua Socieiiex. — New York contains many of the central offices and publication establishments of those great religious denomin.ations and societies which embrace in their labors the whole nation. Some of their printing oftices are among the largest in the city — viz., American Bible Society, which in 1852 erected a splendid edifice in Fourth Avenue, cor. Ninth Street, consisting of an entire block, six stories high ; Methodist Book Concern in Mul- berry Street; American Tract Society in Nassau Street, and many oUiers. The anniversaries of these societies are cele- brated during the second week in May. and are occasions of nnieh interesL PopuUitiott. — The following statistics exhibit the amount of the population of New York at various intervals since its foundation, as furnished by tlie enumerations and estimates of the earlier period, and later by the official returns of the census, periodically taken under the authority of the Shite, and of the United Stiites, together with the numerical in- crease between the consecutive periods with the actual ratio for such times, and the corresponding ratio for decennial periods, where the interval is more or leas than ten years: Itatioot Iiii'r,.(i«e. lears. Population. l„c,„»e. Arlii.il Kst Deieiinial 1,000 2,500 4,.%3 S.028 10,381 1773 21,876 177Cestiin.. 26,000 estim. 173G 23,814 " 1656 1673 169H 1731 17,56 1.600 . 1.803 . 4,326 . 1,753 . T.94. 150.00 72.ns 100.56 20.32 11,495 110.73 4,124 estim.. 20.00 2,3?S de«.'76 ,738 Inc. IS 9..517 27,353 15.281 20.603 3,925 dec... 8.171 (2,: I I.' 88.2-3 31.35 28.7.S 8.13 05.13 6.11 40.30 83,57 25.26 .... 27.19 4.07 dec. . 8.84 22.94 34 26 21.97 83.32 15.73 18.71 8S.83 100.75 S2.8T 50.53 54.38 44.20 67..35 6S..52 43,94 60.0* 81.56 87.42 77.76 1790 a3.1.31 .... ISnO 60.489.... 1805 75,770.... 1810 96,373 .... 1814 92,448.... 1816 100,619 1S20 123,706 2-3,087. 1825 166,086 42..330 . 1S30 202 539 86,508. 1835 270,089 67,600. 1840 812.710 42,621. 1845 ,371.223 68.613 . 1850 515,607 144,284. The average decennial increase from 1656 to 1850, is ■about 40 per cent., which has been steadily ahead, except during the two periods of war with Great IJritain. The ratio of increase in other periods has been materially checked by the following causes: French and Indian war of 1030-97 ; yellow fever in 1741-2 : the " negro plot" of the same years; great fire of 1741 : and the French wars of 1744-48, and 17.54. There has been no period of ten years' length, since 1756, in which the population has not increased. POPULATION BY PERIODS OF GOVERNMKNT. Perin.ls. Pop. at close. Iiirrease. Ratio. Dee. equl*. Dutch ....1613-1664... 1,700... 1.700... — — English. ..1664-1783... 2.3,614... 22.000. .1,300 1,000 American .1788-1850.. .515,507.. .491,893. ..2,288 8,411 NEW NEW BEFORE AND AFTER TIIK UNITED STATES CLiNSTlTCTIUX. PenuiU. P<'|..^tcli.8e. Intrense. Riilio. Cent, equiv. Before.... 1613-1700... 3:3,131... 33,131... — — After 1T0O-1S50. . .515,507. . .4S2.376. . .1,45(1 2.427 The populaliim of the cily h;is doubleil, since 165G, nine limes. or in ench average perioil of 21 J years; since 119-Kfour limes, or in each 15 years ; since ISOO, tJirce times, or in each avcrtige period of IGJ years. Comparison of tlic growlli of the cities of New York, Pliilailirlpliia, Boston, and Balliraorc, since 1790: Vcar3, N. York. Pl.iln.l. Bcistun. B;>lt. 1790.. 33.131.. 42.520.. 1S.0.3S.. 13.503.. 74,uGl 44.7 ISOO.. R0.489.. 81,005.. 24.297.- 2G.514..13I.S16 45.9 ISIO.. 9ii,3T3.. 111,210.. 35,250.. 40,455.-192.915 30.0 1820.-123,706.. 137.097.. 43.29S.. G2.73>. -243,133 51.0 1S30..2(I2,5^9.-1SS,9G1.- 61.392.. 80,020 .. 330,973 61.2 1S40.. 312.710.. 25S.037.. 93,ySJ.. 102,513- -453,933 6S.9 lS50..515,5Ci7.. 405,815.. 13S,78S,.1S9,04S.. 734.734 70-2 By the census of 1S50, New York exceeds in popnlation fourteen of the Stales nf the Union. Jlortnlit//.— The annual ratio of deaths to the population has for several years been 3 per cent., wliich lar^e propor- tion is to I>e aliriljuted in n very gfeat degree to the foreign immigration, the alms-houses, etc., and not to the natural unheallhiness of the cily. W^alih. — The following sUitements exhibit the valuation of property in the city from ISOO to 1S52 inclusive. The first statement exhibits the total vahialion until 1S25: the second table, from 1825-52 inclusive, dbtin^uishes each class of estate : Total Tfars. V.ilu.i'ion. Wars. V;.l,..-,tion. ISOO .... $24,4sr,.370 1.815 ...$81,636,042 1S05 .... 2.').o«.s(;7 1810 ... 82,074.201 isne .... 2C .")29.f;30 1817 . .. 78.89.5,725 ISO- .... 24.959.95."i 1818 ... 80.245,091 isos .... 2.5.1 1>,720 isin ... 70,113,001 1509 .... 24.732,2i;7 1820 ... 69.5:50,763 1^10 .... 2G,.l;36.370 1821 . . . 68.2^2.070 26,045,730 1S22 1S23 ... 71,289,144 ... 70,940,820 1SV2 .... 26,243,040 1S13 .... 27.040,230 1S24 ... 8:3,075,676 ISU .... 82,901,497 Ve.irs. He.-il F.stAtp. PersomI Fstnle. T<.lal. 1825 ... $5S.4:i5.S93 ... . $42,734,131 .. ..$101,160,046 1S2C ... 64 912,851 ... . 42,534.931 .. .. 107.477.781 1827 . . . 72,617.770 . . . . 39,594,166 . . . 86.1,79,663 . . .. 112 211,926 1838 . . . 77.13i),fl90 . . . .. 114.019.533 1829 ... 76,.>3I,S90 ... 85.954,136 . . .. 112.516.020 18-30 ... 87,603,,'isO ... 37,684,038 .. .. 120.288,518 18-31 ... 97,221.870... . 42,06^ S44 . . .. l:5:(.2Si).214 1S82 ... 104.1142,405 ... . 42,2011,213 . . .. 146,302,018 1833 ... 114,129,.V.l .. . 52,305.026 . . ,. 106,49.5.187 1S34 ... 12-5,249 28') ... . 6.3.299.231 .. .. 186 543.611 1SS5 . . . 14:!.7.32,452 . . . . 74 981.27S .. .. 218,723 703 1836..... . . . 233,7-W.3^3 . . . . 7.5.7.58,017 .. .. 309..501,920 18.37 ... 194.450,109 ... . 67,297,241 . . .. 203.747,-350 1S3S ... 194 ri4:!,3:.9 . . . . 69,609.682 .. .. 264.162.941 18:39 ... 19G,77S.H1 ... . 70,014.796.. ,, 260.789,2.30 ISM ... 157,121.464 ... . 6.5,721,099 .. .. 252.843.103 1S41 ... 186,347.216 ... . 65.430.456 . . .. 251.777.702 18« . . . 17«.512,S42 . . . . 61,294.559 .. .. 287 800,901 1848 .-... 164,950,515 ... . 63,046,576 . . .. 227.997,091 1S44 .... 171.936.591 ... . 61.023.4.50 .. .. 285.960,047 1815 .... 177.160,790 ... . 62.777..53S . .. 239.988,318 1S46 . . . . 183 480.934 . . . . 61.471.571 .. .. 244.n52„505 18!7 .... 187.31 4..3SG ... . 59.8:37,917 . .. 247.1 52..306 1848 . . . . 193.027 .570 . . . . 61.161.4.51 . .. 254,192.027 ISIO .... 197.7fiI.9I0 .. . 53.4.55.174 . .. 256.217,093 1850 .... 207,146.173 ... . 79.9:39,240 . .. 280,O«5.416 1851 .... 227,013 8,56 . . . 93,09 i. 602 . .. 320.10S.358 1852 .... 2.52,136,7-53 ... . 9S,,520,043 . .. 851,706,796 Tlio nniount of weallh per head at the diflferent perioila named, has been as follows: 1800 $404 80} 1810 274 31} 1820 662 06 1830 $618 4:!^ 1840 ,8110 41 1850 .554 994 In 1850, 2 estates were assessed for over $1,000,000. K.x- clnsive (if incorporated eornpanies, 7 estates were a.s3es.sed on $500,000 and upward. The several pruperlies above $17,500 were: i!50O,OOfl to $1,000.000.. 40fl,0(X) " 600.000 . . 300,000 " 200,000 '■ 100,000 " 90,000 " 80.000 " 400.000.. SOO.OUO . . 200,000.. 100,000.. 90,000.. . 7 . 2 . 24 . 68 .222 . 4:3 . 64 Arnoi (Its. Eit.ll.9. 70,000 li $80,000 . . . .. 99 00,000 " 70,000.. . .. 109 60,000 " 00,000... .. 195 40,000 " 50,000... . . 271 30,000 " 40,000... .. 445 20,000 " 30,000... . . 957 17,600 " 20,000... .. 773 The proportionate increase of pojniiation and weallh in New York, in i-iicli consecutive period of 10 year.s, since 1800, is as follows : Increa.se. Id.-reass. Years. P(.p. Wcjallli. ' "I' , " """, ' per ie[il- yd n.nt. lSOO-10 .... . 3.5.SS4 .... $1,9.50.000.... 59 .... 9 1810-20 27.:;:3:3 . . . . 4:3.094 , :38:3 .... 2-}.... 103 1820-30 78,-:33 ,55,757,705 W SO 18:30-40 110.121,.,. 127.6.54.C-I5 - . . . 54 .... 102 1840-30 2C2,-35 .... 33,242.253 .... 0.5 .... 13 1800-60 4b5,056 .... $261,699,046 .... 852 . . . . I.ICS I/i.iturk-ul ,Si-( «(■/(. —The history of New V((rk city is direclly divided inl.( three periods, dnrini; which it bus belon(;ed lo tlie tliree governments, Holland. Eiijrliintl, and the State of New Vork, viz.. 16119-1604,1604-1783, 1783-1853. Dutch period : Sept. 8, 1609, ilendrilc Hudson discovered the island ; 1613, the settlement of "New Amsterdam" was commenced; 1621, the Dutch West India Company com- menced operations ; 1626, the island was purcliased for $24 ; 1652, New Amsterdam was incorporated, and tlie govern- ment passed from the West India Company into Ihe hands of 2 burgomasters and 5 assistants called schepens, and 1 sellout or slierilf: Sept , 1664, llie English took tlic province. English period : 1604, name changed lo New V((rk ; .Inly, 1073, retaken l>y llic Dutcli and called "New Orange," alul held by them 1 year; 1686, .James II. abolished the rei>rc- sen1;itivc system, etc.; 1089, Leisler insurrection; 1690, a colonial congress assembled here; Nov., 1696, city lighted by ordinance ; 1711, slave market establislied in Wall Street ; 1720, 2 per cent. laid on European iniports; 172.5, "New York Gazelle" ajipeared; 1700, enlarged charier granted by Gov. Montgomerie; 1732, stage routes establislied lo Boston and riiihadelphia, traversed once a raonlh ; Sept. 21, 1770, 493 houses consumed by fire, t of whole cily; 1741-2, "Negro plot" and yellow fever; 1765, a colonial congn-is a-womblcd here; 1776-1753, Ilevolution; Nov. 25, 17s3, ev:icuation of British army and end of English rule American period: April 30, 1789. Washington inaugur- ated first president at Federal Hall, on situ of present custom-house; 1798. yellow fever, 2.056 deaths, which re.- turnod in 1803 and in 1805,and again in 1822 ; 1807. EiilUin's sleamboal on Hudson river; 1S11. large fire: 1812-16, war will! Great Britain, which suspended all commerce; 1826, Erie Canal emnpleted and great celebration ; 1S32, Asiatic Cholera— 4.369 dealhs; Dec. 16. 1813, contlagnilion of 048 buildings, total loss $25.000.000 ; 18:37, coinniercial revulsion ; Oct 14'l842, celebration of completion of (,'rolon A(pleduct; 1815, cimHagralion of .546 buiiai(igs-l(ws .$6,00o,0l,0 ; 1849, cholera: 15.50, Collins' 8leamers to Liverpool: May. 1851, Erie It. 11. completed lo Dunkirk; 1852, avenue railroads; 1853. success of the Ericsson Caloric Steamship; cily charter reformed. 669 NEW NIA Tlic OTuirons of ihe cily, Ihough physically separated, and cf Ihenisflvi's large cilics (separately described in their alphabetical order), are, to all intents and purposes, part o! the metropolis, originating from, and dependent upon, il3 prosperily. See Bi;ooklyn, Wiluamshueg, etc or the enliro metropolitan district, now the first in the New World, it may summarily be said, that the past is indicative of its future, promising to increase with each succeeding year its permanent prosperity, until it surpasses all cities, ancient and modern. New York, p. v., Sumter county, Ala. : 116 miles W. Montgomery. New Yoek (of the Pacific), p. v., Contra Costa county, Ctilif. : 20 ra. K. by S. Vallejo, at junction of Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, which here form the bay of Suisun. Vessels of hirgc size can go up from the sea to this point. New Toek, p. 0., Montgomery co., Teim. : 40 m. N. "W. Nashville. New Yoek Mills, p. v., Oneida county, JV. 5'. .• 90 m. W. N. W. Albany, on Sadaquada cr., 2 m. S. Whitesboro", noted for its extensive cotton factories, etc. Net, p. o., Defiance CO., OIno; 120 m. N. W. Columbus. Key. p. o., De Kalb co., III. : 163 ni. N. by E. SpringlieM. NiAGAEi county, K Y. Situate W., and contains 4S4 sq. m. Drained by Tonawanda, Tuscarora, Johnson's, Howell's, and Cayuga creeks. Surface various, rising in gradual swells from the N. to the ridge in the interior of the county, and thence declining gently toward Tonawanda cr. —in general it may be said to be level ; soil fertile and easy of tillage, but best suited for pasturage — in some portions it is productive in grain, fruits, etc. Chief productions wheal, Indian corn, and potatoes; it is also a fine dairy county. It contains many minerals and abounds in fossils; it also has some sulphur springs. This county, in connection with Niagara district of Canada, contains the celebrated cataract of Niagara. Karma 8,14-3; manuf. S36; dwell. 7,433, and pop._wh. 41,973, fr. col. 301— total 42,274. Capital: Lock- piirt. I'tMic Works: Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls K. E. ; Buffalo and Niagara Falls K. K. ; Buffalo and Lockport E. E. ; Canandaigua and Niagara Falls E. E. ; Erie Canal, etc. Niagara, t, Niagara CO., K. T. : on E. side of Niagara r., 270 m. W. by N. Albany. This t is situated on the Mount- ain Eidge, and declines toward the S. Surface undulating; soil calcareous gravelly loam, underlaid by lime and gyp- sum. Drained by a few small streams, and on its W. side by Niagara river. Attached to this t. are Goat Island, and o'-licr islands, and the American division of Niagara Falls. Fop. of 1. 1,951. Niagara river and falls, Jf. Y. : this river, connecting Lake Erie with Lake Ontario, is 36 m. long, and its general course N. N. W. Commencing at Buffalo, it is there } m. wide, from 40 to 60 feet deep, and flows with a current of 4 m. per hour. Three miles below Buffalo, at Black Eock, it furnishes water to the Erie Can.il, by the SLato pier built in Ihe channel, upward of a mile in length, 60 feet wide at its base, 30 feet wide at its top, and cost $300,000. From Black Eock is a steam ferry to Waterloo, Canada. The river now gradually widens in its descent tow.ard Grand Isl- and, which it meets 6 m. below Buffalo, and passes with its main channel on the W. side. Grand Island is 12 m. long, in its widest part 6 m. wide, contains 17,3S1 acres, belongs to New York, etc. (&« Grand island.) Below Grand Isl- and, in the main channel, near the Canadian side, is Navy Island, containing 304 acres, which belongs to Canada, and was occupied by the insurgents in 1887-S, under Mackenzie. Iltiving passed these islands, 3 m. above the falls, the di- viilcd branches of the river re-unite, flowing with rapid current, 2 m. broad, but narrowing as it approaches the falls. About 1 m. above the falls commence the Great Eapids, which, before reaching the falls, have a descent of 52 feet, presenting a grand appearance. At the falls the river is i m. wide, but is divided by Goat Island, which is 690 i m. long, } m. wide, contains 71 acres, and extends to the brow of the precipice, where it presents a mass of rocks, nearly perpendicular, extending from the brink to the bot- tom of the fall. Owing to the declivity of the bed of tho river before reaching the fall, being greater upon the Cana- dian side than on the American, to a bend in the river, and to Goat Island being nearer to the American than Ihe Can- adian side, by far the greater body of water falls on the Canadian side of Goat Island, or, as it is generally called, Horseshoe Fall. The following table cvhibits in comprehen- sive form the measurements of the falls of NIAGARA. Extent of the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side 2,200 feet. Breadth of Goat Island, between it and the American side 9S0 " Breadth of falls on the American side 1,140 " The whole extent, or more than i mile 4,321 " Height of the Horseshoe Falls 150 " Height of the American Falls 160 " Extent of the Cave beneath the Horseshoe Falls from the outside of the Termination Eock 153 " Height of the Cave is estimated by Capt. Hall at 100 " The estimated quantity of water discharged over the falls is calculated at 43,524,000 cubic feet, or 113,510.000 gallons per minute. Depth of the river above the falls as near as can be approached, about 200 " Breadth of the river at the ferry 1,170 " In the rapids above the American Falls, about midway between the shore and Goat Island, is Batli Island, 24 rods in length, and containing about 2 acres. From the shore to this island is a bridge 28 rods long, crossing the rapids 64 rods above the falls. From Bath Island, another bridge, 16 rods long, extends to Goat IsLand. On Goat Island fine views are obtained of both falls. At the S. W. angle of this island, on some rocks near the verge of the precipice, and which are reached by a footway called Terrapin Bridge, extending from rock to rock, there has been erected a sUine tower, 45 feet high ; upon its top is an open wooden gallery, whence is afforded a direct view of the abyss below. From the front of Go.at Island there is a descent (185 feet) to the bottom of the falls by a covered staircase (erected by the late Nicholas Biddle, Esq., of Philadelphia). From Ihe foot of this staircase there are paths for some distance behind each of the falls. Behind the Central Fall is the celebrated Cave of the Winds, formed by a recess in the wall of the precipice, 153 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 100 feet high. The best and most comprehensive view of the entire falls is obtained on the Can.ada side at Table Eock. On the American side a descent is afforded by cars on an inclined plane to the shore below, whence a steam ferry boat named Maid of the Mist, plies over these foaming depths near the falls, to the Canada side, where a winding carriage road is constructed to the hoiglils above. The width of the river is here } mile, and its depth 250 feet. The banks of the river below the falls have a gradual ascent fur 6 m., from which, and other facLs, many suppose that the falls have, in tho course of ages, receded from below to their present posilion. A mile and a half from the falls is the wire suspension bridge, SOO feet long, 40 feet wide, and 2.S0 feet above the water. It is supported by 16 wire cables, 1,100 feet long, and upward of )2 inches in circumference, having a strength equal to 6.500 tims tension strain. The Whirlpool, 3 m. be- low the falls, is produced by the projection of a rocky pro- montory, and in It logs and trees are frequently whirled around for weeks in succession. One mile below this whirl- pool is an excavation from the side of the bank, containing about 2 acres, and 150 feet deep, called the Devil's Hole. The river, in its descent to Lewiston. 7 m., fulls 104 feet, and flows with groat velocity. Near Lewiston the bank is 310 feet high, but below it diminishes to 25 or 30 feet, and NIA NOA holds this height to Lake Ontario. Tlie river falls 2 feet in its descent from Lewiston to Lake Ontario, a distance of 7 m., making a total descent of 334 feet in its course of 86 m. from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. At its mouth it is defended on the American side by I-'ort Niagara, famous in history, and garrisoned by V. S. artillery, an'l on the Cana- dian side by Fort George. Here also is l-'ort Niagara Light- house. ASee LiGHT-nousES. Niagara Falls, p. v., Niagara co., A"". T. : on E. bank of Niagara r., at the falls, 270 ni. W. by N. Albany. This beautiful and thriving v. derives its business and importance mainly from its proximity to the falls and its accessibility by rail road s^froni Buffalo, '22 m., and from Lockport, 21 m. A railroad to Lewislon is also in construction, llere are several very large hotels, accommodating in the best style thousands of visitors annually. In the v. are 8 churches, 2 academics, and a number of mills usmg water-power trom Niagara river. Pop. about 1.0(.iO. NiANTic, sta., New London eo., Coiin.: on New Haven and New London 11. K., 5 m. W. by S. from New London. NiccoTToo, p. v., Arkansas county. Ark. : on S. bank of Arkansas r., 60 m. S. S. E. Little Rock. Nicholas county, A'y. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 2S1 sq. m. Drained by Licking r. and its branches. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and there is much fine pasture for cattle, etc. On the streams is some excellent land, well cultivated, and very productive. Staples, sugar, wheat, Indian com, and tobacco. Farms 711 ; raanuf. 33; dwell. 1,49T. and pop.— wh. S,6S3, fr. col. 1G5, si. l,51;i— total 10,3GI. Capital ■' Carlisle. Public Works: Lexington and Mays- ville K. R. Nicholas county, Virg. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains 6T6 sq. m. Drained by Giiuley and Elk rivers and their branches. Surface moderately uneven ; soil ft* rtile. It is bounded on the S. W. by the Great Kanawha rivi.T. Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn, and it is a line grazing county. Farms 418; manuf. 1; dwell. 602, and pop.— wh. 3,SS9. fr. col. 1, slaves 3,S90— total 7,7S9. Otp- itnl: Nicholas C. U. Public Works: Covington and Ohio Bail road. Nicholas, p. o., Sutter co., Oreg. Ter.: on E, bank of Eearher r., &4 m. N. E. by N. Vallejo. Nicholas C. II., p. o., and cap. Nicholas county, Virg. : 192 m. "W'. N. W. liichmond. NicnOLASViLLE. p. V., and cap. Jessamine co., Ky. : on a branch of Kentucky r., 27 ni. S. S. E. Frankfurt, Nichols, t. and p. v., Tioga co,, ]^. Y. : on S. side Sus- quehanna r, 145 m. W. S. W. Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; soil gravelly loam. The v. is situated on the river upon a plain, very f<--rtile and highly cultivated. Pop. of 1. 1,905. Nicholson, t. and p. v., Wyoming co., Penn.: drained by Tunkhannock cr. and tributaries, 103 ra. N. N. E. Har- risburg. The Tunkhannock Mountain extends across its N. parL NicnoLSOs's Stork, p. o., Choctaw county, Ala, : 134 m. W. by S. Montgomery, near Mississippi State line. NicHoi^oNviLLE, p. o., PulHam CO., Jnd.: 40 m.TiV. S.VT. Indianapolis. NiciioLsviLLE, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: S4 m. S. "W. Columbus. NiCHOLVTLLE, p. o., SL Lawrencc co., A'". Y. : on E. branch of St. Regis r., 143 m. N. N. W. Albany. Nickkll's Mills, p. 0., Monroe co.j Ter^. ;290m.'W.S.W. Eichmond. NicKOJACK Cate, Dade co., Ga. This remarkable cave is in the extreme N. "W. corner of the State. It contains numerous passages, spacious rooms, wiih tall columns, arches, etc. From its mouth issues a large stream, called Nickojack cr., which, for more than a mile within the cave, is 20 feet wide and boatahle. The mouth of the cave is 177 feet wide; the height from the water to the roof, 49 feet; thickness of the roof above, S2 feet NicoLAcs, p. v., and cap. Sutter co., Calif. .■ on left bank of Feather r., SO m. N. E. by N. Vallejo. It has a delight- ful location, and is supported by a fine back country. The main stage road between Sacramento and Marysville passes through it. Pop. about l,0iiO. NiooLLKT lake, Juab co., Utah Ter. : 80 m. S. S. E. from Great Salt Lake, CO m. "W. N. "W. Fillmore City. NicoLLKT river, Utah Ter. : rises in the mountains in Iron ciiunty, 100 m. S. by W. Fillmore City. It first runs N. N. E., draining the eastern portions of Iron and Millard counties; in the latitude of Fillmore City it bends to the N. W., and on reaching the boundary of Juab co. it runs nearly due W. for 4^ m., and empties into Nicullel lake. NicoxzA. p. o., Miami co., Ind, ; 70 m. N. In— total 7,94ti. C^ipUal: Albion. NoBLB county, Ohin. Situate toward the S. E., and con- tains 390 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Wills er., a trilnitary of Muskingum r, and by branches of Duck creek, a tributary of the Ohio. Surface uneven, and in parts hilly ; soil fertile, and adapted to ci>rn, wheat, and fruiu Pine and other timber is found on the land, ami bituminous coal is extensively distributed. Noble was erected in 1S51. Ciipital : Sarahsville. NuBLi:, p. v., Noble county, Jnd.: 110 ra. N. by E. Indianapolis. NouLKBOKOfon, t. and p. v., Lincoln co.. Me. : on E. side of Damariscotta r., 23 m. S. E. Augusta. The lumber busi- ness and ship-biiilding are carried on extensively. Popula- tion 1,40S. NoBi,!'. Centre, p. o., Branch co., Mich.: on N. side of Fawn r., 71 m. S. S. W. Lansing. NoBLR Iron Works, p. o.. Noble county, Ind.: 112 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. NoBLESTowN, p. V., Alleghany co., Penv.: on a branch of Charlier's creek, 170 m. W. llarrisburg, 10 m. S. W. Pitlsitiurg. NoBLKSviLLE. p. V., sUi., nud cap. Hamilton co., Lid.: on E. bank of W. fork of White r., 20 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis, on the Peru and Indianapolis R. K. It contains the court- house, a fine county seminary, several hotels, and numer- ous slijfes, four churches. ''The Plaindealer'* (neut.) is published weekly. Pop. 2.000. NoBSCCE Point Light, Mass. See Lic.nT-norSES. NocnwAV, p. 0., liandoljih county, Ga. : ISO miles S. "W". Milledgeville. Nodaway county. Mo. Situate N. W., annn. : rises in Yancey CO., iV. Car., flows W. through the Blue Kidge, and enters French IJroad r., 8 m. N. W. Newporl. NoLiN. p. v., Hardin co., Ay. .* 93 m. S. W. Frankfort, 502 Noun creek, Ky.: rises in Hardin and La Hue eounties, flows S. W., forming the boundary between Grayson and Hart counties, and empties into Green r. near Brownsville, Edmondson county. No Man's Land island. Dukes co., J/J/.s/*. .• lies off S. "W. end of M.artha's Vineyard, 4 m. S. Gay Head. It consists chiefly of a mass of rocks. NoMiNY Grovk, p. o., Westmoreland co., Virg.: 51 m. N. E. Klehniond. NoN CoNKEa, p. o., Fayette co., Tenn. : 156 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Nonpareil, p. o., Knox county, Ohio: 36 miles N. E. Columbus. Norfolk county, Mass, Situate E., and contains 350 sq. m, Drained by the Charles and Neponsett rivers and their atfluents. Surface uneven, and in parls rocky; soil generally fertile and well cultivated. In Quincy a fine granite quarry is found, the products of which are carried down to the Neponsett r. by a railroad 3 m. long, the first built in the United States. Tliis co. has many important manufactures. Farms 2,037; mnnuf. 906; dwell. 13,545, and pop.— wh. 78,601, fr. col, 2=31— total 7S,S92. Otpitnl: Dedham. PuhUe Works: Norfolk County E. R. ; Old Colony It. E. ; Boston and Providence B. B. ; Fall River II. R.; Boston and Worcester B. E.; South Shore R. K. ; and numerous branebes, also the Now Tork, New Haveo, and Boston (air line) R. R., now in progress. Norfolk county, Virg. Situate S. E., and contains 430 sq. m. Drained by Elizabeth and Pasquotank rivers. Sur- face level; soil moderately fertile. Indian corn is the chief agricultural product It contains the greater portion of the Dismal Swamp, Commerce is by far the greatest intere.«t of the county. Farms 64S; manuf. 175; dwell. 3,90(5, and pop.— wh. 20,370, fr. col. 2.266, si. 10,400— total 33,03ii. CapiUd : Norfolk City. Public Workfi : Sea-board and Roanoke R. R. ; Petersburg and Norfolk R. E. ; Dismal Swamp Canal, etc. Norfolk, t and p. v., Litchfield county, Conn.: 36 m. "W. N. W. Hartford. Surface of t. mountainous; soil grav- elly lf)am, and slony. Drained by Blackberry river and branches. Contains several mills, tanneries, and factories. Pop. 1,&41. Norfolk, t and p. v., St. Lawrence co., 2^. Y. : on Racket r., lOJ m. N. N. W. Albany. Surface of t undulating; soil rich loam. The v. is situated at a fall in the river which affonls great water-power, used by several mills, etc. Pop. of t. 1,753. Norfolk, p. b., port of entry, and cap. Norfolk county, Virg. : on the N, E. bank of Elizabeth r., at the confluence of its two branclie-s, 8 m. above Hampton R>ads, 32 m. from the ocean ; SO m. S. E. by E. Richmond. Lat. N. 36° 50' 50"; long. W. 76° IS' 47". This is tiie chief com- mercial port in Virginia, and is remarkable for its harbor, which is very accessible, spacious, and deep enough for tho largest vessels. Its site is on low and marshy ground, and formerly unhealtby, but is now provided with sewers, and kept clean. The streets are generally irregular, though some are wide, straight, and neat. The houses arc not re- markable for elegance, but many of them are substantial buildings. It contains a court-house, jail, fine markei-house, custom-house, an athen.Tum. with a library, academy, orphan asylum, 8 banks— capital $991,000, some good hotels, and 8 churches. The cemetery, ornamented with cypress trees, is very lienutifully laid out and adorned. Norfolk is chiefly dis- tinguished as being the principal naval station in the United States, having the finest navy yard, dry dock, and naval hospital in the nation. The navy yard is on the W. side of the r. at C.osporL The dry dock Is con^trueied ■dT hewn gr.anite, and cost $974,53fi. At this station is the ship Penn- sylvania, built at Philadelphia, and launched in 1S37, four- decker, the largest in the navy, mounting 129 guns, which is here used as a rreeivlng ship. The hospital is on a point directly opposite Norfolk, very large, commodious, and NOR NOR hcallluly siluated. A nrival officer is stationed at this port. The t"l:il Umnage of Norfolk district on ?Oth June, 1850, was 24.135 tons, of which 10.M2 were registered, 13.593 were enrolled and licensed. Of req;istered tnnnagc 3,144 tons were permanent, and 7,39S tons temporary. Of the enrolled and lieensed tonnage 12.351 were permanently employed in the coasting trade ; 1,354 tons were propelled by steam ; 1,242 tons were licensed under 20 tuns. During the year ending June 80, ISoD, the total number of clear- ances for foreign countries was 140, tons 2(»,7fi5, men in crews 1,163 ; tot of the falls, 75 miles ; and above the falls it affords, with the aid of side cuts, a boat navigation to Salem, 245 miles. The whole length of the Roanoke, from the valley of Virginia, is more than 400 miles. The Tar and the Neuse empty into Pamlico Sound. The Tar, which in the lower part of its course expands into a wide estuary called Pamlico River, is navigable for vessels drawing only S feet of water, to Washington, 30 miles ; and for boats to Tarboru', 90 miles ; and the Neuse, which has a longer course, is navigable for large boats to Kingston. The ocean entrances to both these rivers are channels in which &05 NORTH CAROLINA. there is only 10 feet water at high tide. The Waccamaw passes into South Carolina, flowing for a considerable distance near and parallel with the coast. The Lumber and Yadkin also pass into that State, in whioh they are known as tile Little and Great Pedee. The Yadkin is a long river traversing the Slate from near ils northern boundary, and is navig- able for boata almost to its source. The Catawba, which rises in the Ulue Mountains, also flows into South Carnlina, and there t:ikes the name of the Wateree. From the west^.'rn slope of the same mountains flow New Rivers, the M'atan^a, the French Broad, the Little Tennessee, and the Uiwassee, tlie waters of which, cutting through the Iron or Smoky Mount- ains, are ultimately carried off. and mingle with those of the Ohio and Mississippi, and join the ocean at a distance of 1,500 miles from the outleta of the waters rising from the opposite slope of the Blue llidgc, and emptying into the Atlantic. The geological formation of the State has been scienliflcally examined by Professor Olmslead. Its mineral resources are extensive, and as valuable. The low country consists of deposits of sand and clay, similar, and belonging to the same age {tei-tinrtj) as those of Eastern Virginia and Maryland. These beds contain few minerals, but abound in shell deposila, marl, fossiliferous limestone, coppi-ras, and bog-iron ore. A ledge of micaceous rocks, seen in the ravines and river cuttings, forms the Hue which divides the low from the upper country. West of this there is a belt of mica slate, chlorite slate, gneiss, and granite, and among the minerals of this section are hcemalitic iron ores (Nash and Johnson counties), phiinbago (Wake County), and occasionally soapstone and serpentine. This strip is succeeded by a belt of sandstone ninning south-westerly from Granville across the State. Freestones and grindstones are abundant in some parts of the formation, which also contains argillaceous iron ore and snme coal measures (Orange, Chatiiain, etc., counties). Next to this is situate the great slate formation, about 20 miles in breadth, and running in a direction north- east and south-west across the country. W^iihin this district are also found numerous beds of porphyry, soapstone, ser- pentina, greenstone, and bone or whetstone slate. After the slate formation there succeeds next another belt of primary rocks reaching nearly to the Blue Kidge; and in this is comprised the gold region. Iron ore is also found abundantly (Rockingham, Stokes, Surry, and Lincoln couuties) chiefly in the form of the magnetic oxide, and has been extensively wrought. The gold region of the Atlantic States is broader and more productive in this State than in any other. The gold is found in superficial deposits or in rock veins. The system of metamorphie rocks, in which the gold-bearing veins occur, have undergone different degrees of change in different localities. While in some parts the original slaty structure is preserved, in others the lamination has been partly obliterated, and the texture altered by the evident effects of heat. In Bome points there is an intertuingling of rocks of the gneissoid characicr. with such as still retain the slaty structure. In certain parts the granitic rocks prevail, and there the auriferous veins have various directions apparently wholly irrespect- ive of the general trend of the gold formation. Thus, between the town of Charlotte and the Catawba lliver, and wttbiu a circuit of Three or four miles in diameter, are found veins which have been more or less extensively worked, with direc- tions running N. 04 E., N. 47 E., N. Si W., N. 2Gi- E., and N. 34 W., so that if these directions were prolonged, they would, in some c;ise3, be found intersecting each other at right angles. In regard to the vein stone, in which the aurifer- ous particles are found, they differ very widely — in some cases tlie material is an argillaceous slate of a silky lustre, much interspersed with minute cubes of pyrites of iron or of copper, or of both, as at the Kussell mine on the Newberry in Montgomery County ; in other cases it is partly in qunrtz. and partly in the slaiy walls of the veins, and in others still, it is wholly in the quartz, being scarcely at all impregnated with llie precious metal. The materials which exist in the veins are either sucli as have been acted on by meteoric influences, and partly decomposed, or, lying beyond the reach of such influences, have escaped decomposition, and may be regarded as the true exponents of the deeper vein-stone. These lat- ter are in general less rich in gold than the former, chiefly on account of having lost a part of their solid material by decoin position. But the tleep ores owe their inferior value, in no small degree, also to the difficulty of extracting the gold fioin ils combination, with the sulphurets which near the surface have been reduced l)y tlie combined action of air, water, and rd . 41.. Columbia . 9.. Monroe . 56.. Raleigh . 20..Warrenton . 24.. Plymouth . 1.. Boone . 69 . . Waynesboro' . 9..Wilke9horo' , 10..BurnsviIlo The whole number of dwellings in the Slate, at Ihe above date, was 105,542; of families, 106,028; and of Inhabitants, 868,903: viz., whiles 652.464— m.ale3 272,309, and females 280,095; Indians, 831— males 420, and females, 411; free col- ored, 27,196— males 13.226, and females 13,970; slaves, 288,412. Of the whole population there were, deaf ami dmnb — wh. 351, fr. col. 4, si. 52— total 407; Uind—wh. 387, fr. col. 23, si. 117— total 632; insane— wh. 462, fr. col. 5, si. 24— total 491 ; and idiotic — wh. 604, fr. col. 32, si. 138 — total 774. The number of free persons born in the United States was 677,750, the number of foreign birth 2,524, and of birth unknown 217. The native population originated as follows: Me. 68, N. Hamp. 20, Verm. 27, Mass. 251, R. I. 59, Conn. 272, N. York 40-i, N. Jer. 134, Penn. 665, Del. 90, Md. 6.35, Dist. of Col. 28, Virg. 10,833, North Carolina 556,248, S. Car. 4,430, Ga. 844. Flor. 54, Ala. 131, Mis.s. 57, La. 14, Tex. 6, Ark. 1, Tenn. 2,047, Ky. 141, Oh. 48. Mich. 2, Ind. 67, IU. 23, Mo. 3:1, la. 3, Wise. 4, Calif. 0, Territories : and the foreign pop- Illation was composed of persons from- England 394, Ireland 567, Scotland 1,013, Wales 7, Germany 344, France 43, Spain 4, Portugal 12, Belgium 1, Holland 4, Turkey 0, Italy 4, Austria 2, SwiUerland 3, Russia 8, Denmark 6, Norway 0, Sweden 9, Prussia 19, Sardinia 0, Greece 0, China 2, Asia 0, Africa 2, Erilish America 30, Mexico 2, Central America 4, Soutli America 3, West Indies 37, and other countries 5. fi97 NORTH CAROLINA. The following table will show the decenuial progress of the populalion since Ihc first census of the Slate taken by the United States authorities : Colored Peraong. Decennial Increase. Census White , ' ^ Tiit.il , • _^ rears. Persons. Free. Slave. Tuul. Po[iul,aion, Numerical. Percenl. ir90 283,204 4,975 100,572 105,5iT 8!(3.T51 — .... — 1800 387,764 7,II4S 133,'296 140,844 4"S,Hi3 84,352 21.3 ISIO 370,410 10,-2i)6 1CS.S24 179,090 555,500 T7.397 .... 16.2 1820 419,200 14,612 205,017 219,6-29 63S,S29 63,329 .... 15.0 1S30 472,843 W.-'JiS 246,601 265,144 737,987 S9,15S .... 1.5.5 1840 4S1,870 22,7.32 245,S1T 263,549 753,419 15,452 .... 2.1 1850 552,464 27,196 288,412 815,608 865,903 115,484 .... 116.3 — the total of 1850, including 831 Indians, not otherwise accounted for. Tlie statistics of the products, industries, wealth, and institutions of the State, according to the census of 1850 and othei official returns referring to the same period of time, are as follows : Occupied Za?id8, etc. — Improved farm lands, 5,453,977 acres, and lands attached to farms unimproved, 15,543,010 acres— together valued in cash at ?67,;9I,766. Whole number of farms mider culUvallon on the 1st June, 1850, 50,916. Value of farming implements and machinery, $3,931. .532. Live-stock:— Horses 148,693, asses and mules 25,259, milch cows 221,799, working oxen 87,809, other cattle 4-81,402, Bheep 596,249, swine 1,812,313 — in the aggregate valued in cash at $17,717,647. The census of 1S40 returned the following numbers : horses, mules, etc. 166,603, neat catlle ot all kinds 617,371, sheep 633^79, and swine 1,619,716. P/'oi^uciso/Aimiite.— Wool, 970,733 (in,1340, 625,044) pounds; butter, 4,146,290 pounds; cheese, 95,921 pounds ; and the value of animals slaughtered during the year, $5,767,866. Grain Crops.— "W beat, 2,130,102 bushels ; rye, 229,568 bushels ; Indian com, 27,941,051 bushels ; oats, 4,052,078 bushels ; barlej', 2,735 bushels ; and buckwheat, 16,704 bushels. The crops, according to the census of 1340, were : wheat, 1,960,8.55 bushels ; rye, 213,971 oushels • Indian com, 23,893,763 bushels ; oats, 3,193,941 bushels ; barley, 3,574 bushels ; and buck- wheat, ^5,391 bushels. Thus, excepting the barley and buckwhea crops, the increase in the decade has been liberal. Other Food Crops. — Eice, 5,465,363 (in 1840,2,820,333) pounds; peas and beans, 1,534,2.52 bushels; potatoes — sweet, 5,095,709 bushels, and irish, 2,735 bushels. The potato crop of 1839 amounted to 2,609,239 bushels. Miscellaneous Crops. — Tobacco, 11,954,736 pounds : ginned cotton, 73,349 bales of 400 pounds ; h.ay, 145,662 tons ; clover- seed, 576 bushels; other grass-seed, 1,275 bushels; hops, 9,246 (in 1340, 1,063) pounds; hemp — dew-rotted, tons, and water-rotted, 3 tons; flax J93,796 pounds; flax-seed, 33,196 bushels; silk cocoons, 229 (in 18H), 3,014) pounds; maple sugar, 27 932 pounds; molasses, i04 gallons; beeswax and honey, 512,239 pounds; wine, 11,053 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $;J4,.34S, and of market-garden products, $39,402. The following table e.xhibits the actual and comparative quantities of the principal staples produced in the year preceding the censuses of 1840 and 1850: Ctovs. 1840. 1850. Decennial MoYeraent p,iee 2,820,833 pounds 6,465,368 pounds incr. 2,645,430 pounds, or 93.8 per cent Potatoes 2,609,239 bushels 5,093,444 bushels incr. 2,489,239 bushels, or 95.4 " Tobacco 16,772,859 pounds 11,934,736 pounds deer. 4,737,573 pounds, or 23.5 " Cotton 51,926,190 " 29,539,600 " rfecr. 22,336,590 " or 4.3.1 " Hay 101,369ton3 146,662 tons incr. 44,293 tons, or 48.7 " rilx'.'::::::::'.::'.} ^'«""*" ■.'.".'.::] 693,-96'po'unds :::::: }*'^'--2i.52s>,m pounds, or 97.3 " •Vrine 28,752 g.allons 11,053 gallons deer. 17,694 gallons, or 61.2 " ITome-made manufactures were produced to the value of $2,036,522. The same quality of products, according to Iho census of 1340, were valued at $1,418,242. 3/((?(u/(/ctK?'<'S.^Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., used, $0,000,000; average number of hands employed, 00.000— males 0,000, and females 0.000 ; average monthly cost of labor, $000.000— male, $000,000, and female, $00,000 ; tolal value ol products for the year ending 1st June, 1350, $0,000,000. The whole number of manufactories producing to the value of $500 and upward annually. 2,-523 ; and of these 23 are cotton factories, 1 woolen factory, 151 tanneries, and 26 iron works, viz., 5 making castings, 2 pig iron, and 19 wrought iron. The total capital employed in manufactures in 1340 was $3,333,900. Cotton manufactures employ a capital of $1,059,300; annual consumption of cotton, 18,617 bales; value of all raw material, $581,903: average hanrls emijioyetl, 1,619— males, 442. and females, 1,177; entire wj\ges per month, $12,369 — to males, $6,158, and to females, $7,216; annual products, 2,470,110 yards of sheeting, etc., and 2,267,000 pounds of yarn — in all v.alued at $381,342. Capital invested in 1340. $995,S00, and hands employed, 1,219. Annual value of products, $4;33,900. Woolen manufactures employ a capital of $18,000 ; annual consumption of wool, 30.000 pounds ; value of all raw ma- terial, $18,960; number of hands employed, "8— males 40, and females 83; entire wages per month, $1,635 — to males, $1,099, and to females, $686 ; annual products, 340,660 yards of cloth, valued at $33,750. Capital in 1340, $9,300 ; hands, 4. Tanneries employ a capital of $251,055; value of raw material, etc., consumed, $191,237; hands employed, 373; monlhly wages, $5,295 ; tanned— 24,035 skins, and 155,610 sides of leather, valued at $352,535. Capital in 1340, $271,797 ; hands, W5 ; tanneries, 353. In the manufacture of 7nnlt and spirituous liquors the capital invested is $21,930 ; quantities and kinds of grain, etc., consumed— corn, 64,650 bushels, and rye, 4,700 bushels ; hands employed, 75 ; quantity of liquors produced— whisky and high wines, 163,080 gallons. The iro7i manufactures are represented in the following tabular statistics ; P|.ecific«tions. Pi- Iron. Cnstlron. Wrnnglit Iron. Total. Capital invested dollars.... 25.000 11,500 103.000 189,,'JOO Ore used tons 900 — 4,650 5,550 Pigironused " — 192 — 193 Coke and charcoal bushels.... 160,000 6,375 857,900 514,275 598 NORTH CAROLINA. Specificationa. Value of all raw material, etc dollara . . Hands employed numlier . Entire monthly wages dollars . . Iron produced tons Value of entire products dollars . . P(g Iron. 27,900... .31 . . . 230... 400... Cast lr^.n. ... 6,:J41.. 15. ... 852. ... 17-2. . 12,500 12,SC7 inglit Iro 25.114.. 1S7. 1,^68, 850. . C4,:)55 , . 233 . . 2,450 ,. 1,422 CC,9S0 92,347 — Capital in iron manufactures in 1S40, $94,!)G1 : hand.i, 463. There are also in the State several machine shops, hardware factciries, soap and candle manufactories, iiotteries, carriage manufactories, etc., and numerous grist, saw, flour, and other mills, which, in the aggregate, make up a respectablo manufacturing industry in a State so much devoted to agriculture as is North Carolina. Comvurw, X'uvigation, f*?.— North Carolina, in the year ending 80th June. 1S50, exported to foreign countries mcr- clandise, etc., to the value of $416,501, and imported goods to the value of J82.3,692. Of the exports (all of wliich were of domestic origin), to the value of ,f 259,616 was c.nrried in American, and to $156,883 in foreign bottoms; and of the imports, to the value of $179,249 was carried in American, and to .$144,4*3 in foreign bottoms. The entrances and clear- ances in the same year were as follows ; Natiun-ilily American.. Foreign . . . ESTEA>'CE8. Vesseis. Tonnage. 140 19,185.. 43 9,115.. 28,300. 20,670. 2,664'. Total 1S3... ■Wilmington US... Kewbern 23... Edenton — ... Camden 22... Beaufort 4... ■Washington 9 I.IIS Plymouth 12 1,205 2,170. 473. CI.EABA1«CES. Nationality. Vessels. Tonnafje. Crewi. American 212 30.739 1,396 Foreign 62 11,493 803 Total 274.. Wilmington 175. Newberu 30., Edenton 1. Camden 29. Beaufort 6. Washington 11. Plymouth 22.. 1,899 1,315 183 6 170 34 65 126 The total shipping owned in the State at the date specified was 45,218 tons, of which 14,9.32 tons were registered, 27.535 tons enrolled and licensed, and 2.751 tons licensed (under 20 tons.) All enrolled and licensed shipping was employed in coasting, and of this 8,226 tons were navigated by steam-power. The whole of the licensed tonnage was also em])Ioved in coasting. The tonnage of the several districts was — Wilmington 15,198 tons, Newbern 5.208 tons, Washington 5,703 tons, Edenton, 1,145 tons, Camden 11,948 tons, Beaufort 2,260 tons, Plymouth 2,328 tons, and Ocraeoke 1,428 tons. The number of vessels built in the several districts was 33, v\z., 1 ship, 2 brigs, 23 schooners, 3 sloops, and 5 eteamers, and their tonnage 2,652. Of the whole number 4 (4S3 tons) were built at Wilmington, 8 (867 tons) at Newbern, 1 (34 tons) at Washington, 5 (256 tons) at Edenton, 9 (693 tons) at Camden, 3 (206 tons) at Beaufort, and 3 (114 ti>ns) at Plymouth. Tile statistics of the foreign commerce of the State for a series of years — 1791 to 1S50 — exhibit the following movements in tlie values of exports and imports. Imports. Year. Fiports. Imports. . $797.976 $ . 489,219 . "97.:3.58 . 312.446 .1,01.3.942 V.^nr. Exports. 1791 $524,548.. 1792 627.900.. 1793 305.414.. 1794 321,587.. 1795 492,161.. 1796 671,487.. 1797 540.901.. 1798 537.810.. 1799 485.921.. ISOO 769.799.. 1801 874,884.. 1S02 659,.390.. 1803 952,614.. 1804 928.687.. 1805 779.903 . 1806 789,6115.. 1807 745,162 . 1808 117,129. 1S09 822,994.. 1810 408,949.. Year. 1811.. 1812.. 1813.. 1814.. 1815.. 1816. 1817,... 1813.... 1819.... 1820.... .1,328,7:«. . 9.i('i,580. . 948.2.V3. . 047,736.. . 808,319.. 1821 400.944., 1822. 1823., 1S24. 1825., 385,951. 482,417 . . ,"^5^.733. 6,M.390. 1826 581,740 1827 449,237 1S28 ,'>23,747 20.8,016 1829 564,.-.06 2>3,347 1330 399,.333 221,992 Year, Kxporls. Imports. 1831.... ...$341,140.... ... .tl9G,:356 18.32.... .... 842,041.... ... 215,184 1S:;3.... .... 433,0:35.... ... 198,753 liU.... ... 471,406.... ... 222,473 1S:M.... ... 319,.327.... ... 241.931 1836.... ... 429,851.... ... 197,116 1837 ... 651,795 . 271 6''3 18.38.... ... 545,223.... ... 290,405 1839.... ... 427,926.... ... 229,2:3s 1340.... ... 887,484.... ... 252,532 1841.... ... 88.3,056.... ... 22O,:360 1842.... ... 344,660.... .,. 187,404 1843.... ... 171,099.... ... 110,976 1844.... ... 298,401.... ... 209,142 1845.... ... 879,960.... ... 230,470 1846.... ... 414,.39S.... ... 242,859 1847.... ... 284,919.... ... 142.3.84 184S.... ... 840,028 ... 19.1.814 1849.... ... 270,076.... ... 11.3,146 1850.... ... 416,601.... ... 82:3,693 InUnial Improvem^ntn.—Gtetii efforts are bcinjj made in this State to build up a system of railroads between the in- terior and the sea-board, and also to connect Ihe railroads of North Carolina witli those of the adjoining? States. As yet, however, the only through line is the Weldon and Wilmington K. K. at Weldon. uniting with the Petersburg K. E., run- ning north, and the Sea-board and Koanoke R. R. to N'Tfolk, and at 'Wilmington with the Wilmington and Manchester E. E., which forms a connection with the South Carolina railroads. The Norlh Carolina Central R. E., ninning from a point above Goldsboro', on the Weldon and Wilmington R. R., through Raleigh, Uillsboro', Greensboro', Lexington, and Saiislmry, forms a junction with the South Carolina system at Charlotte, and this road will probably be extended from its eastern terminus to Beaufort. A railroad has long been in operation from Gaston, on the Roanoke, to Raleigh, at wliich latter point it connects with the central an»i at Gaston with the Greenville and Roanoke E. E., which leaves the great Southern line at liicksford. The total length of completed railn>a»l in this State on the 1st Jan.. 1853, was 249 miles, or in tlie propt.rtion of one mile to every IS square miles of territory. Tho only canals in use within the State are the Dis- mal Swamp Canal aud its north-west braueh, which are used chiefly for Imuberiug purposes, and Uarlow Canal, extend- S99 NORTH CAROLINA. In^ from the Neiise to Beaufi>rt. Important improvements are also contemplated in Deep and Cape Fear rivers, so as to make Ihera an outlet for the mineral wealth nf their vicinities. ^«7i A-*.— According to the bank r^-tiirns of November. 1S50, there were in the Stat« 5 banlis and 15 braneli banks, the SS^regiile condilion of which, at that period, was as follows: Liahilities — capital. $7,7>9,250; circulation, $4.'24'.>.0*^ ; dei)osits. $942.09S; due other banks, $6l',Gs2 ; all other liabilities, $4,S2o ; and ««aWs— loans and discounts, $G,05(;,7S3; stocks, $150,000; real estate, ;fl27,S0G, oilier investments, $lS.7So; due by other banks, $1,074,794; notes of other banks, $4S3.947 ; and specie, $1,045,028. The Bank of Cape Fear, located at Wilmington, has branches at Asheville, Kayetteville, Greensboro, Kaleigh, Salem, Salisbury, and Washington, and the Bank of the State of North Carolina, at llaleigh, has branches at Charlotte, Elizabeth City, Fayetteville. Milton, Morgantown, Newbern, Tarboro', and Wilmington, Banka besides these are also established at Fayetteville, Wadesboro', Washington, Wilmington, and Newbern. Government^ etc.- — The government of the State is based on the constitution of 17SG. as amended in 1S35. The right of sitffrage is allowed to every free white man, 21 years old, an inhabitant of his district 12 months preceding an election, and owner of a freehold within the same for six months. Such may vote for senators, but in voting for repre- sentatives, the freehold qualification is not needed, if the voter has paid taxes. But no descendant of a ni-gro, to the fourth generation, though one ancestor in each generation be white, is to be accounted a while man. The general elections are held biennially on the 1st Thursday in August. The Leg i slat lire is composed of a House of Commons and a Senate. Members of the House of Commons (120 ia number) must have resided in their respective counties one year, and have owned for six months next before their election 100 acres as freehold, and are chosen biennially, not less than one in each county. Senators (50 in number) are chosen biennially in districts set off on the basis of taxation, and must be possessed for the same time of 300 acres therein in fee. An apportionment of both houses was made in 1S51, and apportionment will be made every twenty years there- after. The General Assembly, thus constituted, convenes on the third Tuesday in November biennially. No si)ecial law shall be passed to alter the name of any person, to legitimize bastards, or to restore to citizenship persons convicted of infamous crimes ; but general laws for these purposes may be passeuse. The Lunatic Asylum is not yet commenced. The legislature of 1S50 imposed a tax of one cent and three-quarters on every one hundred dollars-worth of land, and five and a quarter cents on every taxable poll per annum for fuur years to raise a fiind for building an institution of this description— taxes which are expected to yield $80,000 in the time specified. The legislature, also at the same session, passed a bill authorizing an agricultural, mineralogical, and botanical survey of the State. The surveyor, whose appointment rests with the governor, is required personally or by his assistants, '* lo visit every county of the State and examine every thing of interest or value in either of the above departments, to a-sctTrlain the nature and character of its products, and the nature and character of its soil, as well as to give an account of its minerals." Pithlic Debt, Finance^t etc. — The receipts from all sources for the year ending 31st October, 1S50, amounted to $219.00G 47, and the expenditures in the same year to $228,173 24— being an excess of expenditures over receipts of $9,1C6 77. The chief sources of income are the public taxes, bank taxes, interest on railroad bonds, income (Vom interest in railroads, etc. ; and the principal objects of expewditure are executive, legislative, and judicial expenses, public print- ing, interests on investments, repayments of loans, etc., election expenses, public library, etc. North Carolina, properly speaking, has no public debt; it has, however, a contingent liability, which arises ft-om its endorsement by the State 600 NORTH CAKOLINA. of bonds of railroad companies to the amotiiit of H.lOO.dOO, but from this must be de.IiiL-tc«l $1;{,0(10 for bonil^ not used and $110,000 for bomis paid, which roducfs the anmiint for wliich Hie 8tate may be liable, Uy $971,000. Since the above date other liabilities have been assumed fur the prni^ressing railmads. The valuta of n-al and personal estatt- of ih'? inhab- itants of North Carolina, including the value of ilave property in ISoO, was assessed at $212,071,213. True valuation, $226,300,472. Federal nepresenUiUon.^'^orWi Carolina, in accordance with the law of 23d May, 1S50, is entitletl to eight represent- atives in the Congress of the United Stales. Ikbication.'-Me^oTQ the Revolution, literature was hardly known in this State, much less a subject of rullivalinn. TIilto were in the province at the end of tlic royal govi-rninetit, only two schools in operation, one at NewhtTii and one at E'lenton. The eonstitulion of 177fj, directed that ''a school or schools shall be established by the Iciiislatun' for tho convenient instruction of youth, with such salaries to the masters, j)aid by the public, as may enable tlu-ni Ui inslruct at low prices; and all useful learning shall be duly encouraged and promoted in one or more univi-rsiLies." Till within late years, however, no system of free schools was introduced throughout the State. Liberal provision was made for tlie purpose in 1S25, by the creation of a school fund. This fund now amounts to nearly half a million dollars, besidi-s the income of stock held by the State in several railroads, the proceeds of the sale of swamplands, and the tract acquirt-d from the Cherokees in the south-west. In order to ap[>ly these funds, a Board of Literature was established in lS-i7, to devise a plan of common schools; but as yet nothing efficient for the increasing population has been brought to fruiiion. At the present time there are some 200 academies, and between SOO and 900 common schools in tlie Stale, at wiiieh from IS.OOO to 20,000 youth are annually taught. The principal collegiate establishments in the State are the Tniversity, Davidson College, and Wake Forest College. The University of North Carolina is located at Chapel Hill, in Orange Cuuidy, and in 1S50 hail a president, 10 professors, and "230 students. It was founded in 17S9, and its alumni numbered 9(54. of which about 7o had entered the ministry. It has an excellent library i»ri;i..'}iiLt volumes. In 1>53 a school ui'srieiicc and art wjia attaeln.-d to it. In the law department there were, in 1S50, ten students. Davidson College, founded in 1^3>, is situate in Mechlenburg County, and in ISoO had 4 professors, (50 students, and a library of about 5.000 volumes. aiMi its alumni num- bered 140, of which 24 were in the ministry. Wake Forest College (a Baptist institution) was founded in Isis. and in 1^50 had 3 professors, and 24 students ; its alumni numbered 11, of which G wero in the ministry, and its library contained 4,700 volumes. ruhlic Libra rie.s.— One State library— 8,000 volumes; S college— 9,401 volumes; 2 students'— S,S4G volumes; 2 academic and professional— .S.OOO volumes ; total, S libraries, and 24.247 volumes. This account, which is from the census of 1S50, diflVrs essentially from the returns of the colleges, and is probably under-rated. PfirioiiiaU Press. — The whole number of newspapers, etc., published in the State in 1S50, was 52, of which 24 advocated whig principle, and 9 that of the democracy, and 19 were neutral in politics, or devoted to literature, religion, etc. Of the whole number, 1 was published tri-weeklr, circulating 340 copies at each issue, or 53,040 copies annually ; 3 semi-weekly, circulating S,437 copies, or 399,*iS3 annually ; 41 weekly, circulaling 2S,427 copies, or 1,478,204 annually ; 4 semi-monllily, circulating 3,775, or 90,000 annually: and one monthly, circulating 450, or 5.400 annually. The counties in which published are — Anson, 1 s.-w. and 1 w. ; Buncombe, 2 w. ; Beaufort, 1 w. ; Caswell, 1 w. ; Chowan, 1 w. ; Cherokee, 1 w. ; Craven, 2 w, ; Cumberland, 3 w.: Chatham, 1 8.-m.; Edgecombe, 1 w. ; Guilford, 1 w. and 1 m.; Granv411e, 1 w. ; Halifax, 2 w. ; Lincoln, 2 w. ; Mechlenburg. 2 w. ; New Hanover, 1 t-w., 2 s.-w., and 3 w. ; Orange, 2 w. ; Pasquotank, 2 w. and 1 s.-m. ; Eutherford, Randolph, and Rowan, each 1 w. ; Wake, 1 a.-w., 6 w., and 3 s.-m.; "Wayne, 2 w.; and "Washington and Warren, each 1 weekly. lieligious Peiiorninations.— The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State, were as follows: Dennmina- Nn. of Clmrrli V;*liie ( IIOI19. Chiinliea. accm. Properly. tion-t. CImr.I.ea , a.tr„„. Fr..|.e,ty t '■ c, ir,l,ei, »,.■„,„, l'r,.|M.„y. Baplist 6T3 .. 195,727 . . $201.44S German Eef. 15 . 5,72S . $17,2110 R. Catholic. . . 4 . 1,4110 .. .J5,900 Christian 29 . . ll.GuO . . 10,675 Jewish — . — . — Swedi-nbo'n . _ . — .. — Congrogat'I. . — . . — . — Lutiieran ... 47 . — . . 29,025 Tnnkcr 1 .. 200 . 100 Dulcli I'.ef. . . — . . — . — Mennonite . . — . — . — diinn 4 .. 1.200 .. 650 Episcopal ... 47 .. 14,970 . . 112,100 Methoilist... 727 . 19.5.50 . . 2S4,930 Unitarian — .. _ . _ Free 61 .. 14.545 . . 15,860 Moravian ... 7 . 214,937 . . 84,000 Universalist... — .. — . — Friends 30 . . 12.020 . 7,575 Presbyterian 14.3 . 8,000 . . 170,030 Minor Sects. . — .. — . — — making a total of 1,67^ churches. ha\ing accommodation for 55^.204 persons, and valued as property at $?S9.393. The Btatc forms the Protestant Episcopal diocese of North CaroUna, and is a constituent portion of the Roman Catholic diocese of Charleston. Paupei-i^w. — The whole number of persons relieved or supported during the year ending 1st -June, 1S50, was 1.931, of which number 1,913 were native-born and 13 foreign-born ; and the whole number receiving support at the date speci- fied was 1,5-iO ; viz., 1.567 native-born and 13 foreigners. The cost to the public amounted to $60,085. Uistor-ical SkeU-h, — The first English settlement in North America was made in I5S5 on Roanoke Island, in this State. The patron of the infant colony was Sir Walter Raleigh, to whom Queen Elizabeth granted, in 1534, a patent for such lands as he might discover in America, "not possessed by any Christian people." The same year he dispatcbcl two small vessels to make discoveries, ami these dropped their anchors early in July in Ocracoke inlet. The adventurers l.anwever. proved sterile, and the colony dwindled slowly away, and wouUl have totally disappeared, had not some planters from Barbadoes, under Sir John Teamans, removed thither in IGOiS, and formed the settlement of Clarendon, by which the few remaining New Englanders were rapidly absorbed. These new settlers supported themselves with difficulty by shipments of boards, shingles, and staves. Gradually, by nu- merous migrations southward, the colony again became reduced, until at length, before 1690, it was entirely exhausted. The proprietaries in 1670 sent out emigrants under the command of William Sayle to form a new settlement, to be called the County of Carteret, The colonists located themselves first at Port Royal, South Carolina, but they soon removed, and formed a settlement between Cooper and Ashley rivers, which they called Charleston. Sayle dying next year, Sir John Teamans was appointed governor of Carteret, the southern province. Thus there wero in 16T1 two permanent settle- ments in Carolina, Albetnarle and Carteret, and these two constituted the nuclei of North and South Carolina as now existing. At the request of one of the proprietors, the celebrated John Locke framed a scheme of government for the whole province of Carolina. "The Grand Model," as it was called, though complete of its kind, was too complicated, if not too monarchical for an infant colony, yet the proprietaries adopted it as the fundamental law of the province, and such for 20 years it nominally remained. As a matter of fact, however, it was never brought into operation, though the governor of each district of the province strove hard to comply with its requisitions, in spite of the continued and ultimately success- ful opposition of the colonists. The settlement at Albemarle was augmented by accessions from Virginia, New England, and the Bermuda islands; "William Drummond was appointed first governor, lie was succeeded by Samuel Stevens, under whom were enacted the first laws of the colony, by an assembly composed of the governor, the council, and twelve delegates. Every encourage- ment was given by these laws to whomsoever proposed settling in the colony; bounty-lands were granted at a moderate quit-rent (id. per acre") ; taxes could be imposed only by consent of the assemi>ly ; and religious liberty was promised to members of every Christian denomination. Intestine commotion, proceeding partly from discontent with the "Model System," and partly owing to a general feeling of restlessness prevalent sometimes in new otilonies, soon disturbed the peace and welfare of Albemarle. The Culpepper and other rebellions distinguish this period. This discontent and tur- bulence were not remove*! until the arrival (1695) of John Archdale, one of the proprietors, as governor, invested with nnusually extensive powers. Sagacious, and possessed of rare prudence, the Quaker Archdale succeeded in reducing both iimvinces to comparative order. During the preceding period, North Carolina had received a decided check to her prosperity. Many fied the country. At the beginning of the troubles, the province contained 1,400 taxable inhabitants — in 1694, 7S7 were all that could be found within its limits. Under Archdale, the colony began again to flourish. Settle- ments were made (160S) on the Pamlico River, upon the Tar and the Neuse,and Bath County was set off" to the southward. Rice and tar, two of the staples of North Carolina, began now to be ex'ported ; churches were for the first time erected, and religion began to receive the support of the authorities, given, however, in an illiberal and sectarian spirit, inconsist- ent with the promise to the first colonists. The Episcopalians had a majority in the legislature, and failed not to use their power to the repression of all dissenters. The Carey rebellion now disturbed the prosperity of the colony, whieh was not quelled till several engagements had been fought and much blood spilt. Meanwhile the province was involved in a general war with the Indians. Since the settlement of Albemarle, until this time, uninterrupted peace had existed between the whites and Indians. As the settlement increased, however, the Indian began, not without reason, to fear for his future safely. In lT3 ni. S. S. W. Monlpelier, and 3 m. S. E. from Eutland, by Rutland and Burlington E. E. NoEin Claeksos, p. o., Monroe county, X. Y. : 224 m. ■W. by N. Albany. NoKTii CoHASsET, p. V., Norfolk county, Mass. : 14 m. a E. Boston, by the South Shore ItaUroad, 22 m. from Boston. North Conociox, p. o., Steuben co., X. Y. : 200 m. W. Albany. NoETH Colebeook, p. o., Litchfleld Co., Conn. : 23 m. N. W. by W. Hartford. North Colllss, p. o., Erie county, X. Y.: 257 m. W. Albany. NoBTK CoxwAv, p. 0., CarToll county, X. Ilamp. : 5S m. N. N. E. Concord. North Concord, sla., Merrimac co., X. Ilamp. : 5 m. N. Concord, on Boston and Montreal E. R. North Cove. p. o., M'Dowell county, X. Car. : 156 m. W. by N. Ealeigh. North Creek, p. o., Laurens district, S. Ciir. : 63 in. N. W. Columbia. North Creek, p. o., Phillips at., Ark.: 93 m. E. by S. Little Eock. North Danvees, p. v., Essex co.. 3rass.: 11 m. N. by E. Boston, on the line of the Essex E. E., S m. from Salem. North Dasvii.i.e, p. o., Caledonia county, Venn. : 20 m. N. E. by E. Montpelier, 4 m. W. St. .Johnsbury. North Dart,mooth, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : on the E. Bide of Pomansct r., 51 ra. S. Boston. North Dightoh, p. o., Bristol county, Mass.: SO m.S. Boston. North Dismount, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 41 m. N. E. Augustii. NoiiTH Dorset, p. v., and sla. Bennington Co., Verm.: 72 111. W. S. W. Montpelier, 22 m. S. Eulland, by Western Vermont E. E. North Dover, p. T., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 115 m. N. E. by N. Columbus, near Lake Erie. 604 NOR North Ddaxesbueg, p. o., Schenectady co., X. Y. : 23 m. W. by N. Albany. North Duniiartos, p. o., Merrimac county, X. Ilamp. : 7 m. S. W. by S. Concord. North East, p. o. and sta., Cecil co., Md. : on E. side of North-cast r., 54 m. N.N. E. Annapolis. on the Philadelphia and Baltimore E. 11., 53 m. &om rhiladelphia, 40 from Bidtimore. North East. t. and p. v.. Duchess county, X. Y. : 50 m. S. by E. Albany. Drained by Ten Mile er. and branches. Surface partly mountainous ; soil adapted to grazing. The Harlem R. E. passes through the t. 96 m. from New York. Pop. l,5o5. North East, t, p. b., and sla., Erie Co., reim. : bounded N. by Lake Erie, and E. by New York State. Drained by Sixteen and Twenty Mile creeks. The t. contains numerous saw and grist mills. The Erie and North-east It. E. passes through the t. 15 m. from Erie. North East Cestre, p. o.. Duchess co., X. Y. : 52 m. S. by E. Albany. North Eastham, p. c, Barnstable CO., Mass. : 63 m. S. E. Boston. North Easton, p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : 20 m. S. Boston. NoETU Easto-v, p. o., Washington co., X. Y. : on Batten Kill, 28 m. N. N. E. Albany. North Eato.v,p. o., Lorain Co., O/w'o; 105 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. North Edgecomb, p. o., Lincoln CO., 3fe. : on E. bank of Sheepscot r.. 27 m. S. S. E. Augusta. North EoRiaioNT. p. v., Berkshire county, Musi. : on a branch of Ilousatonic r., near New York State line, 116 ra. W. by S. Boston. North Elba, p. o., Essex CO., X. Y. : lOS m. N. Albany. North Ellsworth, p. o., Hancock county, Me. : 67 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Noi:th Exu, p. o., Mathews co., Virg.: 51 m. E. by S. Eichmond. North Exfield, p. v. and sta., Graflon co., X. Ilamp. : on Mnscomy river and poml, 43 m. N. W. Concord. The Norlliern E. E. passes tlin>iigh the v. 59 m. from C^iucord. North Evaxs, p. o., Erie county, X. Y.: 2T6 m. W. Albany. North Fabics river, Mn. : in N. W. portion of the State, flows S. W. through Scotland and Marion counties, and en- ters Mississippi r. opposite Quincy, III. North Fairfax, p. o., Franklin county, Verm.: 98 m. N. W. by N. Montpelier. North Fairfielu, p. o., Somerset county. Me. : 25 m. N. Augusta. Noeth Fairfield, p. 0., Huron co., Ohio : 79 m. N. by E. Columbus. North Fairhat-en, p. v., Bristol CO., Mass. : on E. bank of Acuslinet r., 49 m. S. Boston. North Falmouth, p. v., Barnstable CO., Mass. : 55 m* S. S. E. Boston, on inlet of Buzzard's bay. North Farmington, p. o., Oakland co., Mich. : 62 m. E. S. E. Lansing. North Fayette, p. o., Kennebec county. Me.: IS m. W. N. W. Augusta. North Ferrisbfrg, p. o. and sta., Adilison CO.. Venn.: 82 m. W. Montpelier, 15 m. S. Burlington by Eutland and Burlington E. E. NoRTHFiELD, p. v., Litchficld CO., Conn. : 24 m. W. by S. Hartford, in S. E. part of Liti'hfleld town. Surface rough; soil ad.TpIed to grazing. NoRTUFiELD, p. o., Cook county. III. : 177 m. N. N. E. Springlield, 19 m. N. W. Chicago. NoKTiiFiELD, p. v., Boone county, Ind. : 19 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. Drained by Eagle creek. NoRTHFiELD, t. and p. o., Washington county, Me.: on Machias r., 113 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 246. NoRTitFiELD, t., p. v., and sla., Franklin eo., Mass. : 78 m, W. N. W. Boston. Drained by Connecticut river, which NOR NOR tiividea the town, and by several small affluents. Surface ftndulalinij, wiili large trncls of alluvial plains in the inter- vales; soil fertile^ and well cultivated. The t. was first set- tled in 1(573. The v. is beautifully situated on an ele\ ated plain about 1 m. from the r. on the K. side. The t contains a few stores and manufactories. The Brattleboro* Branch of ViTinout and Massachusetts K. It. passes through the t. Pop. 1J7-2. NoBTUFiELD, t and p. o., TrVashtenaw co., MlcJi. : 44 m. E. S. K. by S. L:m3in2:. Tlie v. is in the X. "W. corner of L on AVhitniore's lake, which is connected with Huron r. by a small stream. Pop. 1,110. NoKTHFiELD, L and sta., Merrimac CO., N". ITaynp. : on VT. side of Merrimac r. and 8. side Winurpiseocc-e r.. 13 m. N. by W. Concord. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal K. K. passes through this town. Near Sanbornton Bridge is the New Hampshire Conference Seminary, a Methodi&l inslitulion, having five teachers. Pop. of t. 1,332. NoRTunELD, t. anti p. o„ Summit county, Ohio: 116 m. N. E. l-iy N. Columbus. Surface of I. undulating; soil fer- tile ; well watered by Cuyahoija r. and its branches. The Cleveland and Pittsburg II. U. and Ohio Canal pass through this t. Pop. 1,474. NoETHFiELD, t., p. o., and sta.. ■Washington co., Verm.: 10 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by Dog river, which affords water-power. Surface uneven; soil fertile. The Vermont Central R. K. pusses through the v. 10 m. from Montpelier. NoRTu Flat, p. o,, "Wyoming co., Penn, : 95 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. NoRTiiFOED, p, v., New Haven co., Conn, : 11 ra. N. E. New Haven. Has several factories. North Pork, p. o., Izard co.,-4rAr.; on Big North Fork river, 111 m. N. Little Pock, North Fork, p. o., Vermillion co., IIL: on Ihe W. side of the North fork of Big Vermillion river, 104 ra. E. by N. Sprilliifiel.I. North Fork, p. v., Mason CO., Ky. : 72 m. E. N. E. FrankforL NoRTu Fork, p. o., A*he co., K. Cur. : on North fork of New r., 171 ra. W. N. W. llaleigh. North Fork. p. n., Washington en., Virg. : on N. fork of U't'ston r., 275 m. W. S. W. Iticlimond. North Fork of Wliite river, J/", antl .-I rA: : drains Ozark CO., Mo., flows S. into Ark., and enters While r. at Liberty, in N. W. corner of Izard county. North Fea>"KFOrt, p. o., Wablo co., ^fe.: on "W. side of Penobscot r., 50 m. N. E. by E. Augusta. North Franklin, p. o., New London co., Comi. ; 32 m. E. S. E. Hartford. North Franklin, p. o., Delaware co., .V. 3' ; 72 m. "W. S. "W. Albany. North Fryeuitig, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on Saco r., 61 m. W. S. W. Augu.>^ta. North Gage, p. o., Oneida co^ K. Y. : S2 m. N.W. by W. Albany. North Galwat, p. o., Saratoga county, X. Y. : 30 m. N. N. W. Albany. NorthGarden, p. o., Albemarle CO., Vinj.: Gom.'W.N.W. Eichmond. North Georgetown, p. v., Columbiana county, Ohio: 117 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by Jjraach of Ma- honing river. North Goshen, p. v., LUchfleld co., Conn. : 30 m.W. N.W. Hartford. North Grandt, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. : 13 m. N. N.W. nanlor.i. North Granville, p. v., "Washington Co., N. Y. : 5S m. N. N. E. Albany, on Pawlet r. North Greece, p. o., Monroe CO., J^.Y.: 272 m. "W. by N. Albany. North Greenwich, p. o., Fau-fleld co., Conn. : 41 m. W. S. W. New Haven. North Greenwich, p. o., Washington co., A'! Y. : 34 m. N. by E. All)any. North Geoton, p. o., GraRon co., 2f. /lamp.: 3S m. N, N.W, Concord. North Glmlford, p. v., New Haven co., Co7!n.:l'i m. E. N. E. New Haven. Drained by Menunkaluck r. North Guilfokd, p. o., Chenango co., JV. Y.: 02 m. W. by S. Albany. North Hadley, p. v., Hampshire co., J/(M.s. ; on E. side of Connecticut r., 87 m. W. Bosion. North IIam^en, p. o., Delaw.ire county, Ji. Y.: 72 m. S. W. by W. Albany. NfuiTH Hamden, p. o., Penobscot co., i/c. ; 5G in. N. E. Augusta. North Hampton, p. v., Peoria county, ///..■ "8 m. N. Springtlelil. A small settlement in a ri<-h .-igricullural district. North Hami-ton, t, p. o., and sta., lioekiiigham county, K //amp.: 3S m. E. S. E. Concord ; bounded on the E. by Atlantic Ocean. The Eastern K. It. passes through the t., 8 m. from Portsmouth. Pop. S22. Noi:tii Hampton, p. o., Clark county, Ohio: 43 m. W. Columbus. North Hancock, p. o., Hancock co., Jft. : 74 rn. E. Ity N. Augusta. North Hanson, sta.. Plymouth co., J/axf. ; on Old ('oiony R. P., 23 m. E. S. E. Boston. North IlARPERSnELU, p. o., Delaware co., X. Y. : 54 m. W. by S.Albany. North HARTLAND.p. v. andsta-fTVindsorco., V''nti.: oa Connecticut r., 49 m. S. byE. Muutpelier. St;i. of Vt. Cen- tra! K. U., S m. from Windsor. Nouth Haven, t., p. v., and sLi., New Haven ro.. Conn. : S ni. N. N. E. New H-iven, on Walliitgford r. Surface oft. mostly level; soil sandy and very fertile. A large trad is a salt marsh, producing large quantilies of gr;LS.s. Vast quantities of brick are made here. The Harlford and New Haven li. U. passes through the t. Pop. l,32S. NoRTii II AVKN, p. o., Hancock co., Jle. : on N. Fox Island, in Penobscot bay, 51 m. E. S. E. Augusta. North Haverhill, p. v., Grafton county. A' //amp.: on Connecticut r., 70 m. N. N. W. C^'ucord, on the line of the Boston, Concord, and Montreal P. E. North Havkr-stkaw. p. o., P.ocWIand co., jV. )'. ; on "W. side Huds')n r., 96 m. S. liy W. AU>any. NuETH Hereon, p. o., Washington co., N. Y.: on Black cr., 4S m. N. N. E. Albany. North Hector, p. o., Tompkins co., N. Y. : on E. side of Seneca lake, 1(54 m. W, Albany. North ME>rp.STEAn. t., p. v., and cap. Queens co., K. Y.: 130 HL S. Albany. Tlie surface is uneven and hilly, being traversed by Ihe ridge of ihe islantl. The soil is sandy, but is made productive by cultivation. It is penetrated by sever.al bays of Iy*ng Island Sound. Success Pond, a fine sheet r)f water, lies on its W. border, and is well stored with fish. The v., on the N. edge of H. Plains, and \ \\\. N. of the R. P., cftntains a court-house, jail, and several dwellings. The t. has a dozen mills and some manufactures, stores, etc. Pop. of t. 4.291. S'i'Rtje IlENOEiaoN, p. o., Merccr co.. III. : Ifd in. N. W. Springfield. North Hermos, p. o., Penobscot counly. J/-'. .' 57 m. X. E. by E. Augusta, m. W. by N. Bang.r. North Heko, t., p. v., and cap. Grand Isle co., Venn.: h\ m. N. W. Monlpelier. The surfiu-e of ibis island mntains G.272 acres: Ihe soil is very f-rlile. The v. contains the county buildings. Puj). t>f t. 730. NoiiTii HoGAS, p. v., Kipley county, /'ut : 65 m. S- E, Indianapolis. Drained by branch of Laughcry's cr. Nor.TH Hmlus, p. v., York co., M'\ : on W. side of Saco r,,45 m. S. W. Augusta. North Hoosick. p. o. .and sta., Pensselaer co., K )'.; 2S m. X. E. Alliany, and station of the Troy and Boston P. P., 27 m. from Troy, 605 NOR NOR NouTU IIoPB, p. o., Butler co., Perm. : 165 m. W. by N. Earriaburg. North HtrnsoK, t. and p. o., Essex co., N. Y. : 96 m. N. Albany. Drained by Schroon r., and contains several small lakes. Surface mountainous ; soil broken but fertile. Tim- ber of large size is very abundant; and there are extensive veins of imn. Pop. 501. North Hvdefakk, p. o., Lamoille co., Venn. : 27 m. N. Monlpelier. NiiRTu Industry, p. v., Stark co., Ohio: 93 ra. N. E. by E. Columbus, on Tuscarawas r., which affords power to several mills. North Industkt, p. o., Franklin co., Jfe, : 30 m. N. N.W. Augusta. Northington, p. v., Cumberland co., i^. Car. : on S. side of Cape Fear r., 24 m. S. S. W. Kaleigh. North island, Georgetown dist., S. Car. : at N. entrance of Winyaw bay. North Jackson, p. o., Mahoning county, Ohio: 133 m. N. E. by E. Culumbus. North Jasesville, p. o., Bock co., Wise. : 34 m. B. S. E. Madison. North Java, p. o., Wyoming county, K.T.: 24S m. "W. Albany. North Jay, p. o., Franklin county. Me. : 27 m. N. W. Augusta. North Kennebunk Port, p. v., York county. Me. : 74 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. North Kullsglt, p. v.,'Windhara co., (7o;wi. .*onE. side Quinnebaug r., 43 m. E. by N. Hartford. North Kortbight, p. o., Delaware county, N. Y. : 57 m. W. S. W. Albany. North Lansing, p. o., Tompkins co., N. Y. : 144 m. W. Albany. North Lattrence, p. 0., St. Lawrence co., 2^. Y. : 156 m. N. N. W. Albany. North Leeds, p. o. and sta,, Kennebec co., Me.: on E. side of Androscoggin r., 20 ra. W. Augusta ; sta. of Andros- coggin li. R., 10 m. from junction of Androscoggin and Kennebec K. R. NijRTH Leominsteb, p 0., Worccster county, Mass. : 39 m. "W. N. W. Boston. North Leveeett, p. v,, Franklin county, J/cma .' 74 m. "W. by N. Boston. North Lewishceg, p. o.. Champaign CO., Ohio: 42 m. W. by N. Columbus. North Liberty, p. v., Mercer co., Penn.: on "Wolf cr., 176 m. W. N. "W. Harrisburg. North Liberty, p. o., Knox co., Ohio : 33 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. North Liberty, p. o., St Joseph co., Ind^ : on a branch of Kankakee r., 120 m. N. by "W. Indianapolis. North Luia, p. v., Mahoning co., Ohio : 136 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. North Lincoln, p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : on E. bank of Penobscot r., 104 m. N. E. Augusta. North Linkleak, p. o., Chenango co., 2f. Y.: 113 m.W. Albany. North LiTTLETOif, p. o., Grafton co., Al Hamp. : S3 m, N. by W. Concord. North Livermore, p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 24 m.W. by N. Augusta, 2 m. W. from Kennebec r. North Londonderry, p. o. and sla., Rockingham county, JV; Ilamp.: 23 m. S. by E. Concord, on Manchester and Lawrence R. R., 20 m. from LawTcnce, 6 m. from Manchester. North Lovell, p. o., Tell co., Ark.: 66 m. W. N. W. Little Rock. North Lyman, p. c, Grafton county, 2T. Hamp. : 76 m. N. by W. Concord. North Lyme, p. v., New London county. Conn.: 32 m. E. by N. New Haven. Drained by a branch of Conn. r. North Madison, p. v., New Haven co., Con7i.: on "W. 6ide Hammonassett r., 17 m, E. N. E. New Haven. 606 North Madison, p. o., Jefferson county, Ind. : 2 ra. N. Madison, SO m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. It contains the prin- cipal workshops of the Madison and Indianapolis K. R. North Manchester, p. t., "Wabash co., I7ul.: on Eel r., 85 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. North Marlow, p. o., Cheshire co., 2^. J7d7np. .* 84 m. "W. by S. Concord. North Marshall, p. o., Calhoun county, Mich. : 37 m. S. W. by S. Lansing. North Maeshfield, p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : on 9. side of North r., 23 m. S. E. Boston. North Middleborough, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass. : 31 m. S. by E. Boston. North Middlesex, p. o., Yates co., A^ I^ ; on W. side of Canandaigua lake, li6 m. W. Albany. North Middleton, p. v.. Bourbon co.. Ay. ; 43 m. E. by S, Frankfort North Monmocth, p. o., Kennebec county. Me. : 15 m. S. "W. Augusta, near Androscoggin and Kennebec R. E., 4S m. from Portland. North Montpeliee, p. 0., "Washington co., Verm^: 6 m. N. Montpelier. North Mountain, p. c, Berkeley co., Tirg. : 145 m. W. ofN. Richmond, North Mount Pleasant, p. v., Marshall co., Mias. : 1&4 m. N. by E. Jackson, near Tennessee Slate line. North Newbuhq, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 49 m. N. E. Augusta, North Newbuey, p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 133 m. N. E. Columbus. North Newport, p. o., Penobscot county, Me. : 49 m. N. E. by N. Augusta. North Newport river, Liberty co., Ga. ; is navigable to Riceboro', 20 m. from the ocean. North New Portland, p. o., Somerset co., Jfe. : on N. branch of Seven Mile brook, 45 m. N. N. W. Augusta. North New Salem, p. v., Franklin co., Mass.: 66 m. "W. by N. Boston. North Norway, p. ot, Oxford co., Me. : 43 m. "W. by S. Augusta. North Norwich, t. and p. o., Chenango co., A". Y.: 95 m, W. Albany. Drained by Chenango r. The v. is on the W. bank of the r. in the N. "W. part of the town, and on the Chenango Canal. Pop. of 1. 1,172. NoRTu Norwich, p. o., Huron county, Ohio: 73 m. N. Columbus. North Orange, p. v., Franklin co., 3fass. ; 65 m. W. by N. Boston. North Orwell, p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 114 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. North Oxford, p. v.,Worcesterco.,il/'«««. : 44 m.W. by S. Bostun. North Palermo, p. o., Waldo co., Me. : 20 ra. E. N. E. Augusta. North Paris, p. v. and sLo., Oxford co., Me. : on N. bank of Little Androscoggin r., 40 m. W. Augusta. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R. passes through the v. 55 m. from Portland. North Paema, p. o., Monroe CO., 2^. Y. : 2S1 ra.W. by N. Albany. North Paksonsfield, p. v., York co.. Me, : T3 m. S. W. Augusta. Drained by cr. of Ossipee river. North Penobscot, p. o., Hancock ca, Me. : 59 m. E. by U, Augusta. North Perry, p. 0., Lake co., Ohio: 150 m. N. E. by N, Columbus. The t. is on the line of the Cleveland and Erie R. R. 36 m. from Cleveland. North Perrysburq, p. o., Cattaraugus co., 2/1 T,: on S. side Cattaraugus cr., 276 m. W. Albany. North Piitson, p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : on E. side of Kennebec r.. 7 m. 9. Augusta, ^/oRTH Plains, t. and p. o., Ionia county, Mich. : N. side Maple r., 2G ra. N. W. by N. Lansing. Soil of t is rich NOR NOR eandy loam, veryferlile on the numerous creeks which How through it. Top. 292. NoKTu Plvsifion, p. v., Plymouth county, Mass. : 29 m. 6. S. E. Boston, NoRTu Point, sta., Baltimore co., Md. : near Baltimore, on Philadelphia and Baltimore R. K. NuETH Point Ligut-house, Baltimore county, Md.: on North Point Cape. Lat, 39° 11' 45"; long. 7Gc 27' 17"; 15 m. E. of N. Annapolis, is one of the most important light- house stations on the Atlantic sea-board. Here the British debarked in the war of 1S12. KoETHPORT, p. 0., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on N. W. side of Black "^'arrior r. opposite Tuscaloosa, 92 m. N. "W. by W. Montgomery. NoKTHPORT. p. V. Nol>le CO., Ind. : on N. side of North Fork of Elkhart r.. 125 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. NoRTHPORT, t. and p. o., "Waldo county, Me. : 43 m. E. Augusta, on W. side of Penobscot bay. Some ship- building is carried on here. Pop. 1,260. NoRTiiPORT, p. 0., Suffolk county, Jf. Y. : 124 m. S. by E. Albany. North Potsdam, p. o., St. Lawrence co., N. I^ .* 15S m. N. N. E. Albany. North Pow^■AX, p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 86 m. S. S. W. Augusta. Nortu Pownal, p. 0., Bennington couny, Verm.: 103 m. 8. S. W. Montpelier. NonTH PuAiKiE, p. 0., Knox co., Jll. : 97 m. N. "W. by N. Springfield. Noetii Peescott, p. v., Ilampshire co., Mass. : 66 m. W. by N. Boston. North Prospect, p. v., Waldo co., Me, : 47 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Drained by a creek of Penobscot r. NoETn Eaisinville, p. o., Monroe county, Mick. : 74 m. S. S. E. by E. Lansing. Kop.Tn Raymond, p. o., Cumberland county. Me. : 45 m. B. W. Augusta, North Reading, p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass. : on N. side of Ipswich r, IG m. N. Boston, on Uie line of Salem and Lowell E. E., 10 m. from Salem. North Eeadixg, p. o., Steuben co., K T.: onW. side of Seneca lake, 1G9 m. W. by 9. Albany. North Rbhoboth, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 35 m. S. by W. Boston. Noeth ErDGETTLLE, p. V., Lorain co., Ohio : 103 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by N. br. of Black r. North Eidgeway, p. o., Orleans county, iV". Y. : 244 m. "W. by N. Albany. Noeth Eivee, p. v., Tuscaloosa co., Al', NoKTn River Meeting-house, p. o., Hampshire count}', Tirg.: on branch of Great Cacapon r., 127 m. N. "W. Bicbmond. Noeth Etter Mills, p. o., Ilampshire county, Virg.: on branch of Great Cacapon river, 133 miles N. N. W. Eichmond. North Rochester, p. v., Plymouth county, Mass.: 42 m. 8. by E. Boston. Noeth Rome, p. o., Bradford co., Penn, : 110 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. North Royalton, p. o., Cuyahoga co., Ohio: 111 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. North Rl'bsell, p. o., St, Lawrence co., IT. Y. : 143 m. N. "W. by N. Albany. Noeth Salem, p. v., Hendricks co., Ind.: on branch of "Walnut fork of Eel r., W. N. W. Indianapolis. North Salem, p. o., Rockingham co., K. Hamp^: 84 m, 8. W. by S. Concord. North Salem, t. and p. v., Westchester co., y. Y. : 93 m. S. by E. Albany. Surface of t. hilly ; soil well adapted to grass and summer crops. The v. contains a few mills and etores. The Harlem E, E. passes through the W. part of the town. Pop. 1,335. North Saluda, Greenville disL., S.Car. : on North Saluda river, 115 m. N.W. Columbia. North Sanbornton, p. o., Belknap co., K Hump. : 23 m, N. by W. Concord. North Sandwich, p. v. and sta., Barnstable co., Mas-^. : 49 m. S. E. by S. Boston, on Cape Cod Branch li. K. North Sandwioh, p. o., Carroll eo., N. Ilatnp. ; 45 m. N. Concord. North Scituate, p. v., Plymouth county, Mass. : 17 m- S. E. by E. Boston. Noeth Scituate, p. v., Providence co., R. I. : 9 m, "W. Providence. Nokth Seabsmount, p. o., "Waldo co., Me. : 97 m. E. Augusta. North Searsport, p. o., "Waldo co., Me. : 45 m. E. N. E. Augusta. North Sedgewice, p. o., Hancock co.. Me. : 60 m. E. Augusta. North Setticklt, t. and p. o., Beaver co., Penn. : on W, side of Beaver r. and S. side of Conequenessing cr., 130 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Surface rolling ; soil calcareous loam. The t. contains several saw and grist mills, tanneries, and stores. The Beaver and Erie Canal passes through the t. on bank of Beaver river. North Shafleigh, p. o., Tork co., Me. : 79 m. S. W. Augusta. North Sheffield, p. c, Ashtabula county, Ohio : 174 m. N. E. Columbus. North Sheldon, p. o., "Wyoming co., K. Y. : 244 ra. "W. Albany. North SirEBBrRS, p. o., Rutland county, Term. ; 44 m. S. by W. Montpelier. North Shore, p. o., Eichmond county, iV. Y. : 140 m. S. by W. Albany. North Skitni; river: nms par.illel to Skunk r. on its N. side fur 70 ra. when it joins it in Keokuk county. North Smithfield, p. o., Bradford co., Peiui. : 109 m. N. Harrisburg. North Somees, p. o., Tolland co., Ccmn. : 22 m. N. N. E. Hartford, near State line. North Spaeta, p. o., Livingston CO., AC Y. : 210 m. "W. Albany. North Ppescee, p. v., Worcester county, Mass. : 43 m. "W. by S. Boston. North Spring, p. o., Jackson CO., Tenn. : 62 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Noeth Springfield, p. v., "Windsor co.. Verm. : on E. bank of Black r., 63 m. S. by E. Montpelier. Noeth Springfield, p. o., Summit co., Ohio: 107 m.N. E, Columbus. North Stamford, p. v., Fairfield co., Conn. : on "W. sido of Mill r.. 37 m. VT. S. W. New Haven. North Star, p. o., 'Washington co., Penn. : 173 m. "W. Harrisburg. North Star, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: S4 m. "W. Columbus, North Stephentown, p. o., Eenssclaer co., AC 1". ; on Kinderhook cr., 16 m. E. S. E. Albany. North Sterling, p. o., Caj-uga co., AC Y. : on "W. side of Little Sodus Bay, 153 m. W. by N. Albany. North Stockholm, p. o., St. Lawrence co., K Y. : 159 m. N. N. W Albany. North Stonixgton, t. and p. o., New London county, Conn. : 47 m. E. S. E. Hartford, 56 m. E. by N. New Haven. Surface uneven and hilly; soil gravelly ioam, good for grazing;. Watered by Pawcatuck r. and its branclu^s, which afford water-power to a number of tanneries, saw, and grist mills. Pop. 1,937. North Strafford, p. o., Strafford co., AC ITump. : 20 m. E. N. E. Concord. North Scdbury. p. v., Middlesex co., Mass.: on S. side of Concord r., 21 m. W. by N. Boston. Noeth Swansea, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 42 m. S. by W Boston. 607 NOR NOR North Tewksul'ry, p. v., Middlesex c*>., Mass. : 23 m. N. N. W. Boston. North Tuetford, p. v. and sta., Orange co., Verm, : on "W. bank of Connecticut r., 36 m. S. E. by E. Montpelier. TheC' county, Mich^ Situate S. E. of the S. penin- sula, and contains 896 sq. m. Drained by Clinton r. and its affluents, and branches of Flint, Eouge, Shiawassee and Huron rivers. Siulace undulating and diversified with nu- merous small lakes; soil fertile, and yields good crops of wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 3,446; manuf. 146; dwell. 5,699, and pop.— wh. 31,20T, fr. col. 63— total 31.270. Capital: Pontiac. Publio Works: Detroit and Pontiac E. R. Oaklakd, p. 0., St Francis co., Arlc. : 70 m. "W. N. W. Little Eock. Oakland, p. v., Coles county, HI. : on a branch of the Etnbarras r., So m. E. Springfield.^ Oakland, p. v., Christian co., Ky. : 175 m. 9. "W. Frank- fort. Situate directly on the boundary line between Chris- tian and Caldwell counties. Oakland, t. and p. o., Oakland co., 3[ic?i. : 51 m. E. Lansing and 25 m.lii. Detroit. Drained by Paint cr. and a branch of Stony cr. Surface hilly ; soil of great variety — in some parts marshy. Pop. of t. 97S. Oakland, p. o., Yallabusha co., Miss. : 131 m. N. by E. Jackson. Oakland, p. v., Laclede co., Mo. : on the Osage Fork of tho Gasconade r., 64 m. S. by W. Jetferson City. Oaklan-d, p. o., Chatham county, JVI Car. : 86 m. "W. Ealeigh. Oakland, sta., Alleghany co., Md. : on the Baltimore and Ohio K. E., 233 m. W. Baltimore. Oakland, p. o., Spencer county, Ind.: 119 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Oakland, sta., Marion county, Tnd. : on the Indianapolis and Bellefontaine E. E., 14 ra. N. E. Indianapulis. Oakland, p. o., Lavacca county, Tex. : 77 m. S. E. Austin City. Oakland, p. o., Livingston co., K Y. : 20S m. "W. by S. Albany. Oakland, p. o., CUnton county, Ohio: 57 m. S. W. Columbus. Oakland, v., Fau-ficid co., Ohio : 31 m. S. E. Columbus. Pop. 133. Oakland, p. o., Armstrong co., Pen7i. : 145 m. W. N. "W. Harrisburg. Oakl.\nd, sta., Chester co., Pemi. : on the Columbia and PhUad.'lplua E. K., 30 ra. from Philadelphia. Oakland, p. o., Edgefield dial., S. dtr. : 49 m. "W. S. W. Columbia. Oakland, p. c, Fayette county, Te?i7i. : 155 ul S. W. Nashville. Oakland, p. v., Morgan co., Vtro.: 143 m. N. by W. Eichmond. Oakland, p. v., Jefferson county. Wise. : 23 m. S. W. Madison. Oakland, p. o., Lauderdale county, Ala. : 175 m. N. "W. Montgomery. Oakland, p. v., Tuolumne co., Calif. : on the N. side of the river De los Merced, branch of San Joaquin r., 115 m. S. E. VaUejo. Oakland College, p. v., Claiborne county, 3fisf!. ; 60 m. W. S. W. Jackson. The college was founded in 1S30, and in 1850 had 6 professors, 114 alumni, S4 students, and a library of 9,000 volumea. Oakland Grotk, p. v., Prairie co., Arl\ : on a fork of Cypress Bayou of White r., 24 m. N. E. Liitle Eock. Oakland Mills, p. c, Juniata co., Fenn. : 35 m. W. N. "W". Harrisburg. Oak Lawtj, p. o.. Baker county, Ga.: 185 m, S. S. W. Milled geville. Oak Lawn, p. o., Cabarras co., 21. Car. : 97 m. S. 9. W. Ealeigh. Oak Level, p. c, Bent-m county, Ala. : 103 ra. N. by E. Montgomery. 612 Oak Level, p. c, Henry county, Virg. : 131 m. S. W Eichmond. Oakley, p. c, Overton county, Ti-nn. : 85 m. E. by N. Nashville. Oakley, p. o., Macon co., Ill : 35 m. E. Springfield. Oakley, p. v., Mechlcnburg co., Virg. : on a branch of Dan r., 59 m. S. W. Eichmond. Oakley, p. c, Lewis co., Mo. : 106 dl N. by E. Jefferson Ci.y. O.iKLEY, p. 0., Franklin parish, La. : 119 m. N. by W. Eaton Eouge. Oakjittlgee, p. 0., Bedford county, Virg. : on line of the Virginia and Tennessee R. E., 29 m. W. of Lynchburg, 97 m. W. by S. Eichmond. Oakohat, p. 0., Covington co.. Miss. : 52 m. S. E. Jackson. Oak Oechakd, p. v., Orleans co., N. Y. : 243 m. W. by N. Albany. Oak Plains, p. o., Liringston co., Mich-.: 82 m. S. E. Lansing. Oak Point, p. o., St. Lawrence county, N. Y. : 157 m. N. by W. Albany, Oak Point, p. o., Clatsop co., Oreg. Ter. : on the S. side of Columbia r., 80 m. N. Salem. It occupies a site imme- diately opposite the E. end of Gull Island. Oak Point, p. o.. Van Buren co., Ja. : 63 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Oak EiDGE, p. c, Hancock co., OJiio: 72 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Oak Eidge, p. o.. Greene co., Ark. : on a branch of Eel river, 114 m. K E. Little Eock. Oak Eidge, p. c, Graves county, Ky.: 227 m. S, W. Frankfort. Oak Eidge, p. o., Meriwether county, Ga. : 65 m. W. Milledgevjlle. Oak Eidge, p. o., Guilford co., K Car. : 75 m. W. N. "W, Ealeigh. Oak's Cobneks, p. v., Ontario co., N'. Y. : 173 m."W. by N. Albany. Oak Shade, p. o., Culpepper co., Yirg. : 63 m. N. by W Eichmond. Oak Si-eing, p. o., Ballard county, ^y.; 241 m. S. "W. Frankfort. Oak Spring, p. v., Davis co., la. : on S. side of Soap cr., 75 m. S. "W. Iowa City. Oak's Shop, p. o., Pittsylvania co., Ylrg. : 115 m. S. "W. Richmond. Oaksyille, p. v., Ot-sego co., Ni Y.: on a branch of the Susfjuehanna r., G7 m. W. Albany. Oaktiubejia, p. 0., Kemper co,. Miss. : 95 m. E. N. E. Jackson. Oakville, p. 0., Union co., Ar7c. : 107 m. 9. by "W. Little Eock. OAirvTLLE, p. v., Lawrence county, Ala.: 145 m. N. "W. Montgomery. Oakville, p. o., Madison county, Tetin. : 121 m. S. W. Nashville. Oakville, p. o., St. Mary's co., Md. : 41 m. S. Annapolis. Oakville, p. v., Monroe co., Miclt. : 70 ra. S. E. Lansing. Oakville, p. v., St. Louis co., Mo. : near the W. side of the Mississippi, 157 m. E. Jefferson City, and IS m. S. by W. St- Louis City. Oakville, p. o., Union county, i^. Car. : 813 m. S. W. EiileJgh. Oakville, p. o., Cumberland county, Penn-.: "W, from Harrison. Oakville, p. v., Lexington disL, S. Car. : 13 m. N. W. Columbia. Oakville, p. o., Appomattox co., Yirg. : about 65 m. W. Eichmond. Oakwoods, p. 0., Fleming county, Ky. : 71 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Oak Woods, p. o., Grant county, Inil: 67 m. N. E. Indianapolis. OAS Oasis, p. o., Marquette co., Wm. : 52 m. N. Madison. Oatlands, p. o., Loudon co., Vlfff. : 103 m. N. Kichmond. O'Bannons. 6ta., Jefferson county, Ky. : on the Louisville and Frankfort K. R., 15 m. E. Louisville, and 14 m. W. FranfcforU OcEELTN, p. v., Lorain co., OMo: on the E. side of W. branch of Black r., where it is crossed l)y the Tulcdo, Xor- walk, and Cleveland E. E., 99 m. N. N. E. Cohiinbus. It is the Beat of Oberlin College, to the benefits of which both miUe and female studeula are admitted — manual labor forming part of the instruction. It is under Congregalional influence; was founded in 1S34, and in 1S50, had a presi- dent, 12 instructors, 199 alumni (of whom 130 are in the ministry), and GO students. There is a library attaclied to the college containing 4,'200 volumes. Its theological de- partment has 3 professors, 20 students, and 124 alunini, with a lihrary containing 250 vnlumes. The "Oberlin Evangelist" (relig.), a semi-montlily paper, is published here. Obion county, Tenn. Situate N. "W., and contains 1.012 sq. ni. Drained by Eedfoot and Obion rivers, tributaries of the Mississippi r., which forms its western boundary. Sur- face icvel, and on the Mississippi low and subject to sub- mersion ; soil fertile and adapted to cotton and tobacco. It has some timber laud and good pasturage for cattle. Farms 653; maimf. 6; dwell. 1,131, and pop.— wh. 6.572, fr. col. 4, si. 1,057— total 7,633. Capital: Troy. Public Works: Mobile and Ohio E. E.^ Nashville and Mississippi E. E. Obion, p. o., Hickman co., Ky. : 258 m. S. W. Frankfort. Obion river, Tenn.: the principal head branches rise in Ilcnry and CarroU counties, and pursuing a W. and S. \V. course flow into the Mississippi at Uales Point. Obion, "Weakly, Henry, Carroll, Gibson, and Dyer counties are well drained by this river and its tributaries. O'Ebien county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 576 sq. ra. Drained by branches of Little Sioux r. Surface rolling, a large portion being prairie ; soil fertile, and is well adapted \fi wheat, corn, iruit, etc. ; valuable timbers line the streams. Capital: Ainsley. OccoQUAii, p. v.. Prince "William co., Virg. : on W. side of the Occoquara r., 75 ra. N. Eichmond. OccoQUAii river, Virg. : the most important tributary of the Potomac, rises in Fauquier and Prince William counties, flowsS. E., separating Fairfax and Prince William counties, and empties into the Potomac. The tide flows up 7 m. to the town of the same name, above whicli the river descends 72 feet in the distance of a mile and a half, and to which small sea vessels ascend. Occur AciA, p. o., Essex county, VirQ. : 37 miles N. E. Eichmond. Ocean county, N'. Jer. Situate E. toward the S., and contains 4;35 sq. m. Drained by Tom's r. and Cedar, Man- ahocking, and "Westecunck creeks. Surface level; soil in parts fertile, and consisting chiefly of sand with day inter- mixed. There is good pasturage for cattle. Farms 379 ; manuf. 52; dwell. 1,75S, and pop.— wh. 9,?S3, fr. col. 149- tolal 10,032. Cajntal : Tom's Eiver Village. Ocean, t. and p. o., Monmouth co., N. J&r. : running par- allel with the Atlantic Ocean, 86 m. E. Trenton. Drained by Whale Pond cr., Corlies or Great Pond cr., and other small streams emptying into the ocean. Surface in the W, hilly, otherwise level ; soil loam, sand, and clay. In the K. E., on a promontory extending several miles, is Sandy Hook, on which is a revolving light and two beacons. The t. is well supplied with water privileges, and contains sev- eral mills and manufactories. Set ofl* from Shrewsbury in 1S49. Pop. 8,767. Oceana county, Mich. Situate N. W. of the S. peninsula, and contains 763 sq. m. Drained by "White and Miiskegon rivers, the former of which traverses its central part. Sur- face slightly undulating; soil ft-rtile and productive. Farms : manuf. 2 ; dwell. 5S, and pop.— wh. 2S2, fr. col. 19— total 301. Capital: OGD Ocean 1'ort, p. c, Monmouth co., N, Jer. : 39 m. E. Trenton. OcEOLA county, la. Situate N. W., and contains 433 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Little Sioux r. Sur- face undulating, and diversified with lakes. Much of the land is prairie, and a portion of it la well woodod. Laid off since 1350. OcEOLA, p. o., Cherokee county, Ala. : 133 m. N. by E. Montgomery. OcEOLA, p. v., and cap. Mississippi co., Arl: : on the Mis- sissippi r., 87 m. above Memphis, Tenn., 157 m. E. N. E. Little Eock, at the head of Plumb Point Bar.% Ihe most difficult and dangerous part of the Mississippi r. Many steamboats have been sunk here, and portions of them may be seen at low water. It contains Ihe court-house, etc. OcEOLA, p. v., Crawford co., Ohio : on Broken Sword cr of Sandusky r., 61 m. N. by W. Columbus. OcEOLA Centre, p. c, Livingston county, Jlf/cA. : 85 m. E. by S. Lansiug. Ochebee, p. v., Calhoun co., Flor.: on W. bank of Ap- palnchicola r.. and on the Appalachicola post-road, 88 m. W. by N.Tallahassee. OcKLocKuNT, p. o., Thomas co., Ga.: ISl m. S. by "W. Milledgeville. OcMULGEE, p. 0., Perry county, Ala.: 43 ra. W. by N. Montgomery. OcMULGEE river, Oa. : rises in the hilly repon S. of the Chattahoochee in De Kalb and Gwinnett counties, flowing 250 m. in a S. and E. direction, is joined by the Oconee r. on the S. border of Montgomery co., where they form Ihe Alatamaha, which empties into the sound so called of the Atlantic Ocean. The river is navigable for small steam- boats as far up as Macon, Bibb co. It has several branches, which aflTord excellent water-power to several counties in its course. OcMULGEEVTLLE, p. o., Telfair CO., Ga. : 79 m. S. by E. Milledgeville. OcoA. p. 0., Polk CO., Tenn. : 137 m. S. E. Nashvillo. Ocoi.A, p. v., .and cap. Marinn county, Flor. ; on the St. Augustin and Tallahassee post-road, 157 m. 8. E. Tallahas- see. Situate about 5 m. N. from Fort Eing. It is the seat of the county court-house. The '* Ocola Argus" (whig) is pnlihshed weekly. OcoNA LrFTT, p. 0., Haywood co., N. Car. : situate In the W. part of the county, 263 m. W. S. "W. Ealeigh. Oconee, p. v., Washington co., Ga.: on the E. side of Oconee r.. and on Ihe line of the Ccnlral (Georgia) U. E., 147 m. N. W. Sav.innah, and 23 m. S. E. Milledgeville. Oconee river, Ga. : rises in the hilly region near the Chattahoochee r. in Hall co., running a S. by E. course 200 m. ; connects with the Ocmulgee, and forms the Alatamaha r., which flows into the Atlanlic Ocean. Appalachio river and Indian creek are its principal branches. Oconee Station, p. v., Pickens district, S. Car. : 131 m. N. W. Columbia. OcoNOMowocK, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., TTAv. ; 45 m. E. Madison. Drained by branches of Eock r., which jiass through the N. and S. of it, affording excellent water-power. Tliree lakes form the S. boundary. There is some good timber Land in the town. The v., which is small, is in the S. part, on a branch of Eock river. Pop. of t. 1,21S. OcRAcoKE, p. v.. Hyde co., K. Car. : on the island near Ocracoke inlet, and about 25 m. 8. by "W. Cape Hatteras, 153 m. E. by S. Ealeigh. OcTABARA, p. o., Lancostef co., Penn.: near a creek by same name. 53 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Ornca. p. o., Jefferson co.. Wise. : 29 m. W. Madison. Ogalla, p. o., Chippewa co., Wi.-ic. : 162 m. N.W. Madison. Ogi.en. p. v., Henry cQ.,fn(7.: on the Indiana Central E. E. 31 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. OuDKN, t. and p. o., Monroe co., A^. K ; 221 m. W. by N. Albany, and 13 m. Eochester. Surface level ; soil gravelly loam ' Drained hv Salmon cr. The Eochester. Lockport, C13 00 D OHI and Niairara Falls K. K., ani Erie Canal pass Ibrough, on the latter of which Adam's Basin is situated. There are in the t several stores and mills, a furnace, and a Domber of other industrial establishments. Pop. 2,59S.' OoDEs. p. v., New Madrid co., Mo.: between Lake St. John's and St. Mary, ISS m. S. E. Jefferson Cify. Ogden City, p. v., Weber co., Utah Ter.: on N. side of Weber r., 157 m. N. Fillmore City. Ogdensbiteg, p. V. and port of entry, St Lawrence co., N. Y.: on the right bank of St. Lawrence r., at the mouth of Oswegatchie r., 161 m. N. "W. Albany. The Northern R. R. has its western terminua at this place, and steamers ply hence daily for the river antl lake ports, makins; it a depot of great importance. Presfott. a large town, lies on the opposite side of the river, here 1} m. broad, and is con- nected by a steam ferry. The v. contains immense dep6t3, and other warehouses, stores of every description, 3 banks, foundries, machine shops, and other industrial establish- ments, schools, and churches, and, on the whole. Is one of the most progressive villages of the State. The manufac- tures of this place find an immense water-power on the Oawegatchie, on which there are falls. It is at the lower termination of sloop navigation, but steamboats go to the rapids, 40 m. below, and thence pass by Ogdensburg to the various places on Lake Ontario. Pop. about 6,000. The v. is connected with Boston and New York by railroad — dis- tance to Boston 403 m., and to New York City 4S2 miles. Ogdensburg has 4 newspapers, the St. Lawrence Repub- lican" (dem.), the "0. Sentinel" (whig), the "O. Forum" (whig), and the "Northern New Yorker" (neut.), all pub- lished weekly. The shipping oi^Tied here in 1S50 amounted to 1.9S5 tons, all navigated by steam. The foreign arrivals, in the district of which Ogdensburg is the port of entry, in 1850, were 3S0 vessels, and 196,015 tons, and the departures 875 vessels, and 189,705 tons. This is exclusive of the v.ist amount of shipping engaged in the domestic coasting trade, and is indicative of the extent of its connection with the British provinces. The coastwise trade is valued at $7,000,000 annually. OoEEcirEE river. Oa. : rises in the E. part of Greene co., and flowing in a S. E. direction 200 m., empties into Ossa- baw sound of the Atlantic Ocean. Its principal branches are Lambert creek, in Jefferson co., Lillle Ogeechee r., in Scriven co., on the E., "Williamson's S. W. cr. and Connou- chee r. on the W., forming in ali extensive water-power. It is navigable for vessels of 30 tons as far up as Louisville, in Jefferson co., and for sloops 40 ra. from its mouth. Ogeechee, p. v., Scriven co., Ga. : on N. side of Ogeechee r., 60 m. from Savannah, near the Central (Georgia) R. R., 97 m. S. E. Millcdgeville. Ogemaw county, Mich. Situate N. E., and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Rifle r. and a branch of the Aux Grais. Surface generally level; soil a deep, black, vegetable mold. Setoff since 1S50. Ogle county, III. Situate N., and contains 57G sq. m. Drained by Rock r. and its tributaries. Surface undulating; in parts it is low and marshy, and unfit for cultivation ; soil in general fertile, and produces wheat and Indian com. The marshes, when drained, make good grazing land. Some portions of tlie co. are IhickJy covered with valuable timber. Farms 1,055; manuf. 30; dwell. 1,678, and pop.— wh. 9,990, fr. col. 30— total 10,020. Capital : Oregon City. PuUic Works : Central Illinois R. E. ; Rockford and Rock Island R. R., etc. Ogle, p. o., Butler county, Penn.: 165 m. "W. N. "W. Harrisburg. Ogle, p. v., Ogle co., JU. : at the head of Washington cr., 153 m. N. by E. Springfield. Ogletoorpe county, Ga. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 515 sq. m. Drained by branches of Broad river, which runs on the N. E., and of Oconee r., which bounds it on the S. W. Surface level ; soil varied ; in general very fertile. Cotton is the chief production, but fine crops of wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes are raised. There is some good timber on the land. Farms 555; nianuf. 13; dwell. 819, and pop.— wh. 4,3S3, fr. col. 3, si. 7,874— total 12,2o9. Capital: Lexington. F uhlle Works : Athens Branch K. R. OcLETnoRPE, p. v., Macon co., Ga. : on Fhiit river, 71 m. S. W. Milledgeville. The South-western R. R. passes through the v., 50 m. from Macon. Ogitkquit, p. v., York co.. Me. : on N. side of Ogunquit r. 1 m. from the Atlantic coast, 86 m. S. W. Augusta. THE STATE OF OHIO. Ohio, the most wealthy and prosperous of the new States, north-west of the Ohio River, is situated between 35° 24' and 420 latitudes north, and between 80° 34' and 84° 42' longitudes west. It is a compact mass of land, lying between Penn- sylvania and Virginia on the east; Kentucky on the south, from which it is separated by the Ohio River; Indiana on the west, and Michigan and Lake Erie on the north, along which its coast-line extends 257 miles. Its general length is 200 miles, and its breadth, north and south, about 140 miles, with an area of 39,964 square miles. Though the surface is much and delightfully varied, it nowhere presents any considerable elevations above the general level ; but the country is a lofiy table-land, which, in its middle zone, is about 1,000, and on the northern and southern borders from 600 to SOO feet above the sea level. A slightly elevated ridge of highlands divides the waters flowing north into Lake Erie from those flowing south into the Ohio. From this there is a rather rapid descent to the level. The lake, and the courses of the rivers on the Erie slope, are rapid, and considerably broken by falls. The general slope toward the Ohio on the south is internipted by a subordinate ridge, which croi^ses the State in the latitude of Zanesville and Co- lumbus, between which and the river the surface is verj' much diversified with hills and valleys. The central belt consists of extensive flat tmcts, with numerous broad swells rising gently from the plains; and swamps and morasses occasionally occur. The northern or Erie slope also contains extensive morasses. The extent of swamp lands in the Stjile, however, is only 303,829 acres, or one-eighteenth part of the whole. Nine-tenths of the surface of the State is susceptible of cultiva- tion, and nearly three-fourths of the soil is eminently productive; even the hills are generally cultivable to their summits, and covered with a fertile soil. The river bottoms are extensive and exuberantly fertile. In the centre and north-west, prairies or natural meadows are numerous and extensive, but the greater part of the country was originally covered with magnificent forests of gigantic trees, and even at the present day timber is al)undanL Tlie rivers of Ohio debouch either into the Ohio or into Lake Erie. The Ohio runs along the southern border for nearly 500 miles, and the principal rivers falling into it are the Muskingum, tho Ilookhoeking, the Scioto, the Little Miami, the Miami, etc. The Mitskingum, which enters the Ohio at Marietta, rises in the northern watershed, near the head waters of the Cuyahoga, and drains a beautiful and fertile district. It is about 120 miles in length, and is navigable during a greater part of the year by small steamboats to Zanesville, 75 miles, and by batteaux to Coshocton, 110 miles and above this small boats ascend to within a mile of the Cuyahoga. Sandy River and Wills Creek, on the e-ist, and Walhonding or "White-woman's River, and the Licking, from the west, are its principal tributaries, and are useful mill streams. The IfockMckiiiff rises on the southern ridge, and reaches the Ohio at lloeking Port, after a course of "^0 miles through a hilly and picturesque country, abounding in yellow pine. It is narrow and deep, and navigable for small boats to Athens. The 614 OHIO. Hockinfr Can:il ft-Iln-.vs the course of this riv.-r. Th.- Scifto is a fine navigable sln-am. onter9ons bom in the United Slates was 1,757,556 ; the number of foreign birth, 218,512 ; and of birth unknown, 4,393. Tbo nutitt C16 OHIO. populatinn originated as follows : Maine ",314, N. Hamp. 4,821, Verm. 14,o20, Mass. 18,7C:3, R. I, 1,950, Conn. 22,S55, New Torii S.3,(IT9, N. Jer. 28,532, Penu. 200,634, Del. 4,71,\ Md. 3G,C9S, Disl. of Col. 89s, \'irg. Sn,"i;2, N. Car. 4,3liT, S. Car. 1,4CS, Ga. 447, rior. 17, Ala. 219, Miss. 422, La. 64S, Tex. 29, Ark. 141, Tenn. 1,873, Ky. 18,829, Ohio 1,219,432, Micb. 2.2.3S, InJ. 7,377, III. 1,415, Mo. 656, la. 37S, Wise. 196, Calif. 0, Territories 24. And ihe foreign population was composed of persons from— England 25,660, Ireland 61,662, Scotland 5,232, Wales 5,849, German.v 111,257, France ",.375, Spain IS, Porlugal 7, Belslum 103, Holland 348, Turkey 1, Italy 174, Austria 29, Switzcrlanii 8,291, Kussia 84, Denmark .53, N.irway IS, Sweden 65, l'ru.5sia 765, Sardinia 15, Greece 0, Cliina 3, Asia 6, Africa 7, British America 5,880, M«xico 26, Central America 12, S. .iVmeriea 41, West Indies 86, Sandwich Islands 1, and other countries 544. The following table will show the decennial increase of the population, since the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : Ctiiored Per-^,,ns. Peceniiml Incre.isp. Census White . ' . Total * " , Years. I'ersona. Free. Slave. Tutal. PojHiLiIion. K.iii.cfiral. I'l-rt'-nl. 1800 45,028 837 — 3.37 4.5.365 — — ISIO 225,861 1,889 — 1,899 230.760 1^9,395 408.7 1820 676,572 4,803 — 4,862 581,4;M .350,674 151.9 18-30 , 928,729 9,508 6 9,.5C8 987,9n3 3,56,469 61.3 1S40 1,602.122 17,842 3 17,315 1,519,467 681„5I>4 62.0 1850 1,956,108 44,300 — 24,300 l,9'i0,4OS 460,941 30.8 Tlic delinito statistics of its wealth, productions, industry, and institutions, according to the ceasus of 1S50 uai other official returns, are as follows: Litc-St'xk.—'V)is number of animals of the several descriptions in 1810 and 1350 are shown in the following table, also the ratio of increase and decrease from the first to the latter period : reacripliwa. 184n. IS.W. Moreniei J 403,397 head i Y""™-V;;-; \ 4.30,527head ^'^^•fy!. I inc: 80, 293 head, or S.4pcroenL Asses and Mules ' t o,4-'3 ) .. I 1 644.499 " 1 . . !.1,217,S74 " \ 65,381 " V. . . ) ( 749,067 " ) 425,718 dca: 888,487 or 47.7 59,078,695 " ina: 25,410,551 " or 75.5 13,472.742 " deer. 920,361 u or 7.1 S&J,3.'.3 (t ilia: 141,918 u or 60.7 638,064 " inor. 4,925 " or O.S Milch Cows 1 1 644.499 Working O.xcn J.1,217,S74 " \ 65,381 " )■ imr. 141,073 " or 11.6 Other Cattle Sheep 2,028.401 " 8.942,929 " J7ICTS 1,9U,.528 " or 94.3 " Swine 2,099,746 " 1,964,770 " dacr. 134,976 " or 6.4 " —in 1850, the whole was valued at J44,121,741. j Grain Craps.— V/hi:a.t, 14.487,351 bushels; rye, 425.718 bushels; Indian com, 59,073,095 biishels; oala. 13.172,742 bushels; barley, 354,358 bushels; and buckwheat, 033,064 bushels. On comparing these witll the rotnrns of 1340, the following results are attained: Cropa. 1.S40, ISW. MoveTneiit, Wheat 16,571,661 bushels 14,4S7,.3.51 bushels deer. 2,034,.310 bushels, or 12.5 per cent. Kye 814,205 Indian com 8-3,663,144 Oats 14,-393,103 Barley 212,440 Buckwheat 633,139 (" In some of the largest wheat-growing States, the crops of 1849 fell far below the average. In the Stale of Ohio, espe- cially, was there great deficiency, and was made apparent by the returns of the wheat cmp for the ensuing ye.ar— made in pursuance of an act of the legislature of that Suite, From the almost universal returns of "short crop" by the tuar- shal in that State in 1349, which fell below that of 1339 two millions of bushels and the ascertained crop of 1S50, we are fully satisfied that the average wheat crop of Ohio would ajjpear thirty per cent, greater than shown by the census returns. The same causes which operated to diminish the wheat crop of Oliio were not without their effects upon that of olher States bordering on the upper portion of the valley of the Mississippi.'*)— .AJe/^. o/ Supt. of Cemus Jjureau^ Ifii Deceniber, 1352. Other Food Crops.— Teas and beans, 60,168 bushels ; potatoes— Irish, 5,057,769 bushels, and sweet, 187.994 bushels. The potato crop of 1339, as shown by the census of 1840, amounted to 6,805,021 bushels ; and hence there has been a de- crease in the crop of 559,253 bushels, or 9.7 per centum. Miscellaneous Cro/i-s.- Tobacco, 10,454,449 pounds; hay, 443,142 tons; clover-seed, 102,197 bushels; other grass seed, 37,310 bushels; hops, 63,731 pounds; hemp— dew-rotted, 140 tons, and water-rotted, 60 tous; flax, 440,937 pounds; flax- seed, 183,830 bushels ; silk cocoons, 1,552 pounds; sugar— maple, 4,688,21)9 pounds, and cane, 197,000 pounds; molasses, 808,308 gallons; bees-wax and honey, 804,275 pounds; wine, 48,207 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $095,921; and of market-garden products, $214,204. The principal of these, compared with the crops of the similar staples pro- duced in 1339, exhibit the following movement : Stople. 1S40. ISSn. Movement Tobacco 6,942.275 Ita 10,4r4.449 llxs incr. 4,.513,174 lbs,, or 76,9 per cent Hay 1,022,"37 tons 44:?,142 tons deer. 573,895 tons, or 66.6 " IIops 62,195 lbs 63,781 lbs iner, 1,540 lbs., or 2.4 " Hemp — dew-rotted i t 140 tons i water-rotted |- 9,0S0Hon3-j 5 tons Wscr. 19,508,023 lbs., or 96.2 " Flax ! I 446,9371bs,* I Sugar-maple j. g 353 33,. n,,, ( 4,5SS209 lbs I ,/^„._ j 573477 lbs., or 24-9 " " cane 1 i 197,»oo lbs ) Wine 11,624 gals 43,207 gab -iner. 36,08:3 gals.,or 318.3 " ' Tlie correctness of the returns as to hemp in the seventh census h.as not jet heen perfectly verilied, in a few in^t.ances tliere tjeing some doubt whether Olc marshals, have not written tons where they meant poanda.- Repi'rt i'/ Supt . of Ctnsiit Bureau, \il Dec, Xi^Z. (If they hnj written "tons" in the case of Oliio, it coutd not have been much further from the truth than the " pounds" set down under this head., -Eo. Gas.) F4 617 OHIO. Products of Animal f. —Wool, 10,196,371 pournla; butter, -84,449,379 pounds; cheese, 20,819,542 pounds ; and the value of animals slaughtered during the year 1S49-50, was $7,439,243. The wool crop, according to the census of ls40, amounted to 8,635,515 pounds, and hence the increase of that of 1S50 was in the ratio of 176.6 per centum. In 1S40, the average clip per fleece was 1.S2 pounds, and in 1S50, 2.59 pounds, making an increase equal to 12.3 oz. nearly, or 42.3 per centum, and exhibiting an improvement in the breeds in a like ratio. Occupied Lands, et<:. — Improved farm lands, 9,S51,493 acres, and unimproved lands belonging to farms, 8,146,000 acres, together valued at $3oS,76S,603. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the Isl June, ISoOj was 14o,SS7. Value of farming implements and machinery, $12,750,535. ITo7n^-made Manufactwres were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1850, to the value of $1,712,196. The same class of goods for the year represented iu the census of 1340 was valued at $1,853,937. Manufactures. — Aggregate capital invested, $00,000,000 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $00,000,000 ; average number of hands employed 000,000 — males, 000,000, and females, 0,000; wages paid per month, $000,000; to males, $000,000, and to females, $00,000 ; value of manufactures produced in the year, $00,000,000. The w hole number of industrial establishments in tbo State, producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, on the lat June, 1350, was 10,550, and distributed as shown in the general table of counties — of the whole number S were cotton factories, 130 woolen factories, and iron-works 219—35 for the manufacture of pig iron, 133 for castings, and 11 for wrought iron— and 706 tan- neries. Ohio has also a large number of machine shops, hardware and cutlery manufactories, distilleries, breweries, harness manufactures, railroad car and carriage factories, tobacco factories, soap, candle, and oil factories, potteries, paper- re ills, flouring, grist, saw, and other mills, and other manufacturing establishments, large and small, which in the aggre- gate make up the summary above presented. The total capital invested in 1840 was $16,905,257. In cotton manufactures capital invested amounted, at the date specified, to $297,000 ; the value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed to $237,060; number of hands employed, 401—132 males and 269 females; entire wages per month, $4,7-25— to males, $2,191, and to females, $2,534 ; products of the year, 280,000 yards sheeting and 4^33,000 pounds of yarn, valued together at $394,700. Cotton consumed, 4,270 bales, and coal, 2,152 tons. In 1S40, the cotton manufactures had a capital of $113,500, and employed 246 hands; and the value of products was $139,878. The 2candusivy, 17,1S9 in llmt of Cincinnati, ant paid, the counties must pay per cent, on what remains in tlicir han Porlsnioulh. O., 349 miles; lo Maysville, Ky., 397 miles; tn Cincinnati, O., 455^ miles ; to Lawrenoebnrg, la., 479i miles ; to Lonis- viUe, Ky., 587 miles; to New Albany, la.. ."iIM Tiiiics; to llic mniilh of Cumbt-rland river. Ky., OilO miles; mnulh of Ten- nessee river, Ky., 91H miles; motilh of Ohio 059 niik-s. Distances navigable by steam on the prineipnl brandies of the Ohio river: Tennesse, 730 miles; Cnmberland,40() nillcs; Wabash, 400 miles; Green, 150 miles ; Salt, 35 miles; Ken- tucky, 02 miles; Scioto, 50 miles; lV\g Sandy, 5o milei^: Kanawha, G5 miles; MuslKONA<5ox river, Otrr/. Ter.: rises in the British posses- sions, flows S., and enters Clark's fork of Columbia, at Fort Okonag.-m. OKTiiiiJF.riA county. J/>\,s\ Silu.ate toward the N. E., and contains CIS sq. m. Drained by Oktibbeha r. and ila tribu- taries. Surface even; soil deep calcareous, and adapteu[h of Olamon r., and 84 m, N. E. Augusta. Olcott p. v., Niagara co., AT Y. : close on the S. shore of Lake Ontario, 259 m. W. by. N. Albany. Old Bbiuge. p. v.. Middlesex eo., A'. J. : on South r.. and near the Camden and Anibi>y P. P.. 24 m. N. K. Trenton. Old CEOAn Springs, p. o., Spartanlmrg dist., S. Car.: 79 m. N. W. Columbia. Old CnuRcn, p. v., llanover county, Vir(/. : 15 ul X. E. Piehmonrl. Olii Coprt IIorSE, p. 0.. Bryan co., G'r. : 127 m. S. E. Milledgeville. OLDEN-iJtrKr,. p. v., Franklin co., In>f.: on a branch of Salter., 55 m. S. E. Indianapolis. OLnENiJUKG, p. o., Smith county, TfW.: 209 in. N. E. Austin. Oldfield Fork of Elk, p. o., Pocahontas co., Vlrg.: 15s m. W. N. W. Piehmond. Old Forge, p. o., Luzerne county, Penn.: 179 m. N. E. llarrisburg. Old Fokt, p. o., M'Dowell county, N. Car.: 192 m. W. llarrisburg. ()LD Fort, p. v., Centre co.. Perm.: on the Belle Fonte post-road, 57 m. N. W. llarrisburg. Old Furnace, p. o., Gaston co., X. Car. : 133 m. W. S. W. Kaleigh. Oldham county, Kj/. Situate X., and contains 17S sq. m. Drained by head bnmches of Floyd's fork of Salt r., liar- rod's, and other small creeks. Surface level, excepting on the Ohio, where it is rising and presents high bluffs to the river. Soil in general fertile, and the lan/. : on old Old Town er., at its entrance into Little Sandy r., 115 m. E. N. E. Frankfurt. Old Tows, t. and p. v., Penobscot co., Me. : on the W. side of Penobscot river, 69 m. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Bhch stream and Pushaw r. There is a large pond on the W. border of the town ; soil fertile, adapted to grain. Indian Old Town, on an island in the river, is within this town, and contains an Indian settlement, having a church and several small dweUings. The Orono and Old Town E. K. extends from here to Bangor. The river at this point is much higher than at Bangor. The town contains a large number of mills, and a vast amount of lumber is manufactured for the Bangor market. Pop. of t. 3,0S7. Old To%vn, p. v., Alleghany co., 3fd. : on N. side of the Potomac r., 115 m. W. N. AV. Annapolis. The Baltimore and Ohio K. K. passes the village 2 m. distant. Old Tows, p. c, Forsyth co., A"! Car.: 97 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. Old Town, p. o., Claiborne co., Te7in. : 167 m. E. by N. Nashville. Old Tows, p. o., Coffee county, Ala. : 71 m. S. by E. Montgomery. Old Washington CouRT-nousE, p. o., Washington co., Ala. : 130 m. S. by E. Montgomery. Clean, p. o., Eipley co., Ind. : 65 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Olran, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus county, A^ Y. : 255 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by the Alleghany r. and its trib- utaries. Surface very uneven, and in parts much broken ; soil sandy, abounding in pine forests. A great quantity of lumber is exported annually down the Alleghany r. to the Ohio, much of which, as also scantling, in many cases reach the levee of New Orleans. The t- contains several stores and mills. The v. is situate at the mouth of Oil cr., on the Alleghany r., at the point where the Genesee Valley Canal and the Erie R. R. intersect each other and meet the river. It contains several churches, stores, dwellings, and a num- ber of mills. A steamboat of light draft has ascended the Alleghany to Olean, but there is much obstruction in tlie navigation. Below it is an Indian village, inhabited by several hundred Senecas and Onondagas. Pop. of L 899. Olkander, p. o., Marshall county, Ala. : 131 m. N. Montgomery. Olesa, p. v., Henderson county. III. : 81 ra. N. W. Springfield. Olesa, p. o., Huron co., Olrio: 72 m. N. by E. Columbus. Olentangv, p. 0., Crawford county, Ohio: 59 m. N. Columbus. Olkntangt, or Wuetsone river, O?tio: one of the prin- cipal tributaries of the Scioto, rises in W. pnrt of Richland CO., flows W. into Crawford, and then S. through Marion and Delaware into Franklin, where it joins the Scioto at Columbus. Olev, t. and p. o., Berks co., Perm. : 59 m. E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Manatawny and Manookisy creeks. Surface even ; soil very fertile and highly productive. The "Oley Forge,'' csum, marl, peat, water lime- stone, and other minerals. This county may be said to emi)race a greater variety of geological formations than any other in the State. Farms 6,292 ; maniif. 952 ; dwell. 16.751, and pop.— wh. yS,013, fr. col. G53— total 9^,566. Copihils : Rome, TtVhitesboro', and Uliea. Pahlh: Works: Utica and Sjracuse R. R. : Watertown and Rome R. R.; Black River and Frencli Creek R. R. ; Clack River Canal ; Erie Canal ; Chenango Canal, etc. - Oneida, t. and p. o., Eaton co.. Mn-h. : 13 m. "W. Lansing. Grand r. forms its N. E. boundary, by the tributaries of which the t, is drained. Surface gently undulating; soil calcareous and sandy loam, with thick vegetable mold. It has good timber lands. There is a valuable sand-stone quarry on Grand r, in the X. E. part of t., which is wrought to a considerable extent. Pop, of t. 492. Oneida, p. o.. Brown co.. Wise. : 119 m. N. E. Madison. Okeida creek, K. Y. : rises in Eaton, Madison county, flowing N. by W,, in part divides the counties of Madison and Oneida, and empties into the lake so called. Its tribu- taries afford good mill-seats. The cr. is used as a feeder to the Erie Canal, and is navigable as far as Oneida Castle. Oneida lake, y. Y. : bordering on the counties of Oswego, Oneida, Madison, and Onondaga. Is 22 m. long, and from 4 to 6 in width. It receives Wood, Oneida, and Chittenango creeks and other small streams. Its shores are low and swampy. Its waters abound with excellent fish. Limestone is found on the borders of Madison co. Its outlet flows into Oswego river. Oneida, river, X. Y. : outlet of the lake so called. Runs "W. in a circuitous course, and uniting with Seneca, forms Oswego river. Okeida Castle, p. v., Oneida co,, X. Y. : on Oneida er., which divides it, 97 m. W. by N. Albany. Incorporated in 1S41. Contains 2 churches, a few stores, several dwellings, and between 300 and 400 inhabitants. Oneida Dei'6t, p. v., Madison co., X. Y, : on Verona cr. and on line of the Syracuse ajid Utica R. R., 27 m. Utica, 99 m. W. N. "W. Albany. Oneida Mills, p. o., Carroll co., Ohio: lOS m. E. N. E. Columbus. Oneu>a Valley, p. o., Madison CO., A^. Y.: 90 m.W. byN. Albany. Oneonta, t. and p. v., Otsego co., X. Y. : 69 m. "W. by S. Albany. Drained by Cliarlotie r. and Otsego cr., branehee of the Susquehanna. Surface rugged, except along the streams, where it becomes flat and fertile. The v. is on the N. side of the Susquehanna r., and c(mtains 3 churches, a distillery, and several dwellings. There are in the t. 2 fur- naces and several milts. Pop. oft. 1,903. Ojieonta, p. o., Sauk co.. Wise. : 2S m. N. "W. Madison. Onion River, p. v., Sheboygan co., Wi.sc. : on W. bank of the river of same name, 91 m. N. E. Madison. Onion river, Vt. : one of the most important rivers in the State. About 70 m. in length, in its course improving a large tract of land, and furnishing great hydraulic power. It rises in Cabot and Peacham. runs S. and W. to Mont- pelier, and thence N. "W., passing through Ihe centre of the counties of Washington and Crittenden, empties into Lake Champlain, 5 ni. N. Eurlington village. In its passage through the mountains, there are places where there is barely sufficient room for the road, ^hich is the oidy easy access across the narrow valleys, subject it at times, to great and sudden rises. In many places, natural bridges, caverns, and waterfalls .are to be found. It has many Iribularies, the principal of which are North branch in the N., and Mad Dog, and Stevens rivers on the S. Onondaga county. A'. }'. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 711 sq. ra. Drained by Seneca and Oneida rivers, which, uniting, form Oswego river, and Butternut, Onon- daga, and Nine-Mile creeks. Surface in the N. even, in the S. hilly, and fitted for grazing. Soil a rich loam, of a cal- careous nature, intermixed with vegetable mold, fertile and productive. It contains numy minerals, and fine salt springs, which yield a large revenue to Ihe State, also good marble quarries. Otisco, Onondaga, and Skaneateles lakes, are within the limits of this county. Chief agricultural pro- ductions, wheat and Indian corn. Farms 4,595 ; raanuf. 1,410; dwell. 15,335, and pop.— wb. S5,3S5, fr. col. 605— total S5,S90. Ciipital: Syracuse. Ptihlic Works: Utica and Syracuse R.R.; Rochesterand Syracuse R. R. ; Oswego and Syracuse R. R. ; Rochester and Syracuse (direct) R. R. ; Syracuse and Binghamptun R. R.; Erie Canal; Oswego Canal, etc. Onondaga, p. c, Marshall county, Jnd. : 105 m. N. Indianapolis. Onondaga, t and p. o.. Ingham county, Jficli. : 19 m. S. Lansing. Watered by Red Cedar r., crossing its S. W. part. Surface uneven ; soil rich, sandy loam, with excellent timber lands. Pop. of t. S19. Onondaga, t. and p. v., Onondaga co., X. V. : 131 m. W. by N. Albany, and 6 m. S. Syracuse. Drained by Onondaga cr. Surface uneven, in parU hilly; soil, clay loam, fertile, and well cultivated. The v., formerly the co. capital, has an elevated site on Onondaga Ilill, U ni. from the r., and commands a fine prospect; it contains several stores, and at)out 300 inhabitants. There is an Indian reservation in the S. part of the t. on both sides of the er., and through which the Syracuse and Binghampton E. R. will pass. Poi>ulation of t. 5,694. Onondaga Castle, p. o., Onondaga co., X. Y. : 129 m. W. by N. Albany. Onondaga lake, X. Y. : toward the centre or N. of county so called, 8 m. long, and from 2 to 4 in width. It abounds in fish, and is noU'd for the salt springs which are found on its borders, though its own waters arc fresh. Onoville, p. 0., Cattaraugus co., X. Y. : 63 m. W. by 8. Albany. Onslow county, X. Car. Situate S. E., and contains 523 627 ONS OXT sq. m. Drained by New river and ila branches. Surface level, and in general Ihe land lying low. Soil moderately fertile. Chief protliuHions, cotton and Indian com. On the Atlantic shore, buumling it on the E., are a iiumher of small islands, with occasional inlets. Farms 349: manuf. 27; dwell. 96;i, and pop.— wh. 5,0(J5, fr. col. 170, si. 3,10S— total 8,2S3. Capital: Onslow. OssLOw, p. v., and cap. Onslow co.. K. Car. : on E. side New r., 97 ra. S. K. llaUMgh ; it cnntuius the court-house and other public buililings, and several dwellings. Onslow bay, JS'. Car.: a portion of the Atlantic Ooehn between Cape Fear and Cape Look-out, where the shore has a considerable curve inward, along which, at a distance of 1 or 2 miles, stretches a cliain of narrow, long, and low islands, with shallow inlets between them. Ontakio county, .V. }'. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains 612 sq. m. Drained by llonenye, j'lint, and Mud ere^'ks, and Cananilaigua outlet. Surface various, the east- em portion being spread into beautiful, swelling plains, the "W. interspersed with fertile vales and hills, and in the S. AV. the land rising considerably, in some places having an alti- tude of 1,201} or 1,400 feet; soil generally productive, being a rich, fertile loam. This county contains beds of iron ore, gypsum, and marl, with other minerals, and some sulphur springs. It contains Canandaigua, Canadice, and other lakes. It has flue water-power and valuable manufaotures. Farms 3,M5S ; manuf. 205 ; dwell. 7,S(>S, and pop.— wh.-tii.-J^ii), fr. col. 499— total 43,929. Capital: Canandaigua. Pn/d/c WorAs : Kochester and Syracuse li. 11. ; Canandaigua and Niagara Falls K. 11. ; Canandaigua and EIniira i:. K., etc. Ontario, p. v., La Grange co., Infl. : on the N. banli of Pigeon r., 137 ra. N. by E. Indianapolis. O.NTAKio, t.vind p. v., "Wayne co„ A': Y. : 250 m.W. N.W. Albany, and IS m. N. E. Enchester. Drained l)y several small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the N. Surface very level ; soil gravelly. The v. is about 4 m. from the lake. It contains a furnace, forge, and several mills. Pop. of t. 2,246. Ontario, p. o., Kichland county, Ohio: 5S m. N. by E. Columbus. Ontario, p. v., Knox co., III. : 103 m. N.W. Springfield. Ontario lake, A'. Y.: the easternmost and smallest of the great northern lakes. It lies between 4^3° 10' and 44° latitudes N., and between 76° and 80° longitudes AV. It receives the Niagara river, the great outlet of the upper lakes, in its S. W. part, and has ils outlet, by tlic St. Law- rence river, in its N. E. part, in which, immediately below tlie lake, is the cluster denominated "The Thousand Isl- ands." Its shape approaches to a long and narrow ellipse, being 190 miles long, and 55 miles in its widest part, and about 4^0 miles in circumference. It is very deep, being in some places 600 feet, so thai its bottom is considerably be- low the level of the Atlantic. It is 3:J4 feel below the level of Lake Erie, and 231 feet above tide-water, and in every part lias a sufficient depth for the largest shi])s. Its harbors are numerous and good, and except in shidlow places near the shore, its waters are seldom frozen. The principal streams that enter it on the south siile are the Genesee, Oswego, and Black rivers, and a large nuniDer of creeks. The Bay of Quiiile is a long and irregular body of water in its eastern part, which receives a consideral)Ie river, the out- let of several small lakes; and Burlington Bay is in its western part Both of these bays are in Canada. It has several iini>ortant places on its .shores, the principal of which are Kingston, Toronto, and Coburg,in Canada; and Oswe- go, Sacketl's Harbor, and Port Genesee, or CliarloUe Har- bor, in New York. It is subject to violent storms and heavy swells ; but the numerous steamboats which navigate it pass quietly through it, having a great depth of water. It is connected with the Erie Canal and Hudson r. by the Gen- esee r. navigation and the Oswego Canat, which connect witti the Erie Canal al Rochester and Syracuse, and also by ecveral railroads wilh the great central road of New York. 628 Several lines of railroad are also being built along its shores in Canada, and others into the interior of that country. Much of the trade of the Western States passes tlirough these avenues to the sea-board. The "Welland Canal con- nects it wilh Lake Erie; it is 2ti miles long, with 34 I<»cks, and admits the passage of the largest vessels which navi- gate the lakes. This canal commences at Slierbrotike. near the mouth of Grand r., and terminates at Purl Dalhousie, 9 miles west of Niagara village. Its entrance being a con- siderable distance west of the ouUet of Lake Erie, it is open earlier than the Erie Canal at Buffalo, where the ice often accumulates in the spring. The commerce on this lake is very valuable. In 1S46 it amounted to $14,025,507, and in 1S48 to $2S.141,000. This is exclusive of the passenger trade. The following table exhibits the number of vessels which entered the several districts of the lake during the year ending 30th June, 1^0 : Americnn, Distrjcts. , Ve.j.-I< . Ton?. Vessels Ton.. Tonnage owned. Oswcsatchie . . . 192. .144..W9.. . ISS.. 52,366. .. 1,9S5 Saokctrs Harbor 254. .152,060.. . 25.. 1.109. ., 8,12.5 Oswego 6S1 . ,.132,311.. . 976., 73,482. ..22,404 Niagara 213. . 71,971.. . 86S.. 101..'i07. .. 732 Genesei' 7l». . 20,.US.. . 145.. 19,529. .. 1,037 Cape Vincent .. 23S. .149.647.. . *J.. 6,704. .. 2,497 Total 1,64S. . .661.086. . .1,745. . .254,497. . . .36,773 Tlie business on the Welland Canal is rapidly increasing, and serves as an index to the future of the commerce on this lake. The numlier of vessels passing up and down for two scJLSons, was as follows : Ui.wn. Up, Total. 1S51 1.752 1,743 8.500 1850 1,250 1.2['5 2,&43 Increase . 502 . 453 . 955 Of the vessels passing down in 1S51, there were 924 Amer- ican bound to American porls. antl 163 bound U* British ports; and 359 British bound to British porls. and 3o6 to American ports. Of the vessels down, 1,230 were bound to American, and 522 to British pnrts. Of the vessels passing up, 1,176 were bound to American, and 572 to British porls. This shows that a large portion of the business in the Welland Canal is American. Tlie increasing commerce on this lake is now demamling grealer facilities of outlet on the American coast, and to afl'ord this, several projects have been proposed, twr> of wliich, the Sodus Canal, and Sodus Point and Southern li. R,, are now in process of construction. The trade between the United Slates and Canada is prin- cipally llirongh Lake Onlario, and this trade is iucrea.^iing wilh w onderful rapidity. The exjiorts to Canathi, in 1^9-50, were valued at $5,930,S21, and the imports, exclusive of specie, al $.3,859,101. The exports of manufactured goods to Canada, were $3,964,222. The total of this class of goods cxi)oried from the United States, in 1S49-50, exceeded those of l>4S-9 by $3,09S,1S7, and of this excess .$2,457,915 went to Canada; so the increase to Canada exceeded tive-fold all the increase to other countries trading with the United States. Ontonagon county, 3fic?i. Situate W. of the N. penin- sula, and contains 2.32S eq. m. Drained by Ontonagon, Monlreid, and Prcsque hie rivers. Surface for the most part even. In the N. W. are the Porcupine Hills, a low range of mountains, having acquired their name from the jagged appearance of the surface. Immense deposits of iron and copper ore are found in this region. Farms 0; manuf. ; dwell. 46, and pop.— wh. 833, fr. col. 6— total 8S9. Capital: Ontonagon. Ontonagon, p. v., Ontonagon co., Mich. : at the mouth of the Ontonagon r., 359 m. N. W. Lansing. Copper of a superior quality is to be found here and in the vicinily in abundance. The Ontonagon Copper Company are working ONT ORA a vein in whieh tlicy enenuntor bmildcra of pure copper, weijjhing from 25 to 5(( pounds, oontainini: I'onsi.lerahle silver. There are a number of mines alon;; thi' river course, worked by 'lifTereiit companies, yieldiiiic atumdiitilly. For certain purposes in Ihe arls ihe copper in lliis rri,'i..n stands unrivaled, and surpasses all the ores of cupin-r in densiiy and teiiacily. OxTONACON- river, ^^f•h. ; rises by three br:iuclies— tlie E. one in Mnrtpielle co.. ilu^ iniiMIe in small hikrs ue:ir Ihe border of Wis<\ and its \V. branch in Ai:ni:ebie lake. The main stream flows N. \V., between Itold and picturesque banks, much broken by falls, and eniplios into Lake Supe- rior. On its border is found a celebrated mass of native copj)cr, about 'JO cubic feet in bulk, and wcit;iiin^ from four to five tons. Onward, p. o., Stcwarl co.,7< Ji?(. ; near the Cumberland river. 61 m. W. by N. Nashville. OusooLA, p. o., Somerset co., ^^t>.: N. Auirusta. OoTncAL<'t;A, p. 0., Cass county, Ga. : \Wi miles N. "W. Milled^eville. Opamka, p. o., "Walker county, G, has a jiresldcnt. 4 professf)rs, and 70 students. There is also a I'nited Slales land oflice here. The v. contains the court-house, 2 banks. 4 churciies, and several stores. The "St. Lanriry "Whig" (whig), flaily, and '■ Opelousas Gazelle'' (neut,), semi-week- ly, are published here. The New Orleans, Opelousas, and Great Western K. K. will \v,\i-^ through it. Oi'KN PoNn, p. o., Henry county, Ala.: S3 m. S. E. Montgomery. OpKyrAN river, Yirg. : rises in the S. E. part of Fred- erick CO., flows N. E.. separating Clark and a part of Jeffer- son from Frederick and IJerkley counties, and emplies into the Potomac river. OpniR. p. o., La Salle county, HI. : 103 ni. N. by E. Spritiirfield. Ot'iiiR, p. v.. .and cap. Gulte co„ Calif.: on Ihe E.slde of Feather r., VIH m. N. N. E. Vallejo. Pop. 3.000. OpoKTo, p. o., St. Joseph county, Mich. : G9 m. S. W. Lansing. OppENnFTM. f. and p. v., Fulton co,, X. Y. : GI m. N. W. Albany. Drained by small streams which flow into the Mohawk r. Hounded on Ihe W. by East Canada cr. The T. is in the cenlre of t. The t. contains several stores and a number of mills. Pop. of t. 2,.315. Oql"awka, p. v., and cap. Henderson co., ///. ; on the E. bank of the Mississippi r., a few miles above the moulh of Henderson r., 105 m. N. W. Springfield. Situate on a sand ridge that extends from Henderson r. to the Mississippi. It is the landing for this and the adjoinirig counties, and prin- cipal depfit for freights between the Des Moines and Kock Eiver Piaplds. A railroad is in progress to connect this Y. with Peoria. It contains the county court-house and usual number of public bulh lings. The "0. Spectator" (lit.) is published weekly. Pop. ],2ii0. Oras, p. v., Onondaga co., X. Y. : on a branch of Cana- seraga cr.. 121 m. W. Albany. Oran. p. v., Kosciusko co., Ind.: on La Porte post-road, 10b ni. K. Iniiianapolis. Orange county, Fior. Situate E. of the peninsula, and contains 5,253 sq. m. Drained by St. JoJin's r.. whieli in iLs course frt»m 9. to X. (where it enters the Atlantic in Duval CO.), passes through the -tifferent hakes by which the fac^- of the country is diversified. The land is in general low and part of it marshy ; soil fertile. Chief productions cotton, rice. Indian corn, wheat, fruits of all kinds, veget.ables, etc. On the Atlantic side are large lagoons, the land on the east- ern shore stretching out and forming Cape Canaveral. Farms 1!) ; nianuf. ; dwell. 55, and pop.— wh. 2:3>, fr. col. 2, si. 2-_'iJ— total -166. Ctijnhil : Mellonville. Okan'ge county. Ind. Siluate S. toward the "W., and con- tains ;.lil5 sq. m. Draiiu-d by Lick cr. and branches, tribu- taries of the E. fork of White r. Surface varied — in the N. being rolling or undulating, and in (he S. hilly; soil fertile and very prodvielive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. Timber is abundant. It has tine w.al-r i)rivileges. Farms l.llS ; manuf. S ; dwell. 1.S41, and |mp.— wh. Hi,559, fr. col. 25(1— total lO.so!*. Capital: Paoli. PuUic Wovka: New Albany and Sah-m li. 11. Okanck county. K. Y. Situate S., and contains 760 sq. m. Drained by Wallkill. Nevisink, and Shnwangunk rivers in the c titral portion, and bran-dies of Delaware r. in Ihe W. Surface \arious — in parts being rather mountainous, in the W. are the Shawangunk range, and \\\ the S. E. the High- lands, Ihe remaining portion is pleasantly diversified with hills and v:dle>s; the soil is fertile and well adapli-d to grazing. This county is celebrated for its fine milk and butler, uliicli, with wheat, Indian corn, and potiitoes, form its chief jiroductious. It abnuiidsi in minerals, aiul has large beds of magnetic iron ore. Farms 3,4'26 ; manuf. 857; dwell. 0.GS6, and pop.— wli. .-.4.7-^3. fr. cul. 2.362— total 57.145. Ciipital : Goshen. Public Wurf^s: New York and Erie Railroad. Okangr county. .A^ Otr. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 676 sq. m. Drained by braiu-hes of Haw and Neuse rivers. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted to the growth of tobacco, etc. ; .some coIt()n is also raised. Farms 1.0S2; manuf. 17: dwell. 2.1S6. and ]>np.— wh. 19,:«0, fr. col. ^^1, si. r.,2+4— toiid I7.ii5.\ Cai'ital: inilM)uro'. Pahlic Works: Norlh Carolina Central K. P. Ok.\>'ge county, Yerw. Siluate E . and contains 740 sq.m. Drained by Waits anf)tatoes. This county contains iron and lead ores, slate an«l granite quarries, and has immense deposits of ochres. Farms 2.677 ; manuf. S6 ; dwell. 5.102, and pop. — wh. 27,'277, fr. col. 19— total 27,296. Capital: Chelsea. Pii7-/ic Works: Connecticut and Passumpsie Itivers P. U. Orange county, Yiri/. Siluate centrally toward the E., and contains 376 sq. m. Drained by branches of North Anna and Ilivanna rivers. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. Chief productions Indian corn and tobacco. Papid Anna river runs along its N. W. border. Farms 3M5: manuf. 4S; ^r M-nuivriv'-* Tass Here tile river 13 3,GUiJ leiit aoove uie sca-ie^ci, 1 13 2,049 feet nnd ni.'piviriT Canoe iiiver. It itieii turns r^., lum lu lu ■^""■^--^ '•- *■ — -- — ... - mi <-« ^t::^ ;;^;::SS°he:hief or which are the Kootanie, or Fiat Bow and IHat Head or '^'^^^^^^^^ thus far surrounded by high mountains, and oHcn expands into a chain o lake . , .^t Coh ilte ts d« at^on i bV. if:::! oXe^^pes aiid-bar extends.hich renders the actual na^dgabledu^^^^^^ The Chekal" to thTnorth of the Columbia, is a considerable river, and perhaps next to it in importance^ es cant streams. The Umpqua meets " -» " »^'™; tml mc™ If'te a due north course oFabout 20 miles, the river turns two main branches, which meet in about lat. 4..0 , "" li ™e, « ^J" tributaries are the Elk and to the steep basaltic walls : and during their rise, which takes I-'-^^' '" J*" " ™„,f ;Vcr« low prairie, giv ng the — -^:=^s::t;t:^=,rp=^ r fi7of tiiVSs fe^t) all f JilUles are afforded for the erection of works tor a ^-' "- ^^^^ „ ;, „ „, „„ „„„, The fisheries on the coast and in the rivers of Orego,, are most "'™: ^'^ _,^ "^, '^ ;; .X^™ , Jl,„,st, and pn.bably flavor, and these form a great part of the subsistence o the n.lums J'>» C' ^™;;\P\;t Te s a e 'veil .supplied. In affords the greatest numbers. The great fishery at the Columbui is a the " '-; '™' "'^ *„ " ," e, fiounders, ray, perch, the rivers and sounds are found several kimls of salmon, salmon trout surgeon cod arp^s^ ^.^^^ ^^^^^^ herring, lampreys, and a kind of smelt, called -sbrow," '">''''"' "'""f '""«•" "j'J,,,^"^^ oast, and frequently in and cla.ns, oysters, muscles, etc., which are all used by the natives. Whales are found along the coast, at the mouth of the Straits of .Tuan de Fuca. „„,,,„„„ hears wolves, foxes, muskrals, martins, To the hunter Oregon is a paradise. Game, such as the elk, deer, »"' f^^; ^;"",' ""i ' ^,,;,„„ ;,,t,„„ „„. buffalo is beavers, etc., exist in great abundance. In the mid.Ue section no game is found, lu the ^^ OREGON. met with. The fur-bearing animals tire decreasing in numbers yearly, ami even already are so scarce as scantily to repay the expense of hunting them. The lluilson's Bay Company have almost the exehisive monopoly in tbia busineae. In Iho spring and full the rivers are literally cnvertd wilh ducks, geese, and other water fowl. Oregon, in 1S50, was divided into 10 counlies,* the general statistics t>f 'whieh, and the capitals of each, in 1350, Trere as follows : Countje!. Dwell. Lewis 146., Marion 502.. Polk 190., AVushinglon 41S. , Yam Hill 243., p.lp. incilt. M.in„r Cnpiuls. 553. .. 55. .. 8.. .Pacific City 2.74'J. ..253. .11.. .Snleni. 1,051. ..129. .. 2.. .C.vnthinn 2,651. ..116. . 6.. .I'orllaiid 1.512. . .142. .. 4.. .■Will.imetle Counties. Dwell. Pop. ^';;|]J ^J^f^;!; Cnp.li.lB. Benton 149... 814. ..110... 1.. .Marysville Clackamas 86S...1,S59... 150... 13... Oregon City Clark 95... 6-13... 7... 4...Cohimbia City Clalsop 91... 4G2... 21... 2. ..Astoria Linn 1T2.., 994...1;3S... 6... New Albany The whole number of dwellings in tlie Slate was, at the above dale, 2,3T4, of families 2,874, and of inhabitants 18.293, viz. : whiles 13,0S7— males S.142, and females 4.1145, fr. col. 2(iG— males 119, and females S". Of the whole population, there were deufand dinnf), ; blind, ; infuitifi—wh. 4, fr. col. 0— total 4 ; and ■idivtic—'wh. 4, fr. col. 0— liftal 4. The number of free persons bom in the Uniled Stales was 11.992, the number of foreign birth 1,159. any the nppniiiting pnwt-r. The fxovt-mor is ex-ryffk'io Puperintpndent of ImJian Affairs ; may ^raiil par- dons and respites for offviises atiainst ti-rritoriui laws, and rrprirvc until ilu- rn-sidftd's wilt be known, for Ilmse apaiiist the lan-s of the United Slates. Tlie secretary, Jusliecs, attorney, and niar^Iial. are also appninled by the President. The secretary holds office f-T Ave years, is removablr by the I'resideiit, and in di fault of tlie y;'»v,'rnor fills his place. The Judiciary consists of a Supreme and I>i:jlriel eourls. There are ttirce jndichd districts, in each of which a judge appointed for four years and uniil a successor be appointed ancl qualified, luihls a district court, with law and equity jurisdicti'in as may be regulateil by statute, and the same three ju'lges hold the supreme court, to whicli, cases not to be tried I)y a jury may be removed by a|tpoal from the district eouris. "Writs of ern-r and appeal fn'tu ihe decisions of the supreme court, lie to Ihe Supreme Court of the United .^tates wliere the matter in dis[mie exceeds .t'J,uin), nr wliere the constitution, or a treaty of the United States, or acts of Coni^nss. are in quesli'in. In cases ari>inf; out of the Constitution of tlie United States, or of territorial laws, the 1, ni>w residing in said Territory, or who shall become a resident on or before Dec. 1, lv)0, and who shall have reside*! upon and cultivated the same for four consecutive years, and shall give satis- factory proof of settlement and cullivalion within 12 months after the surveys liave been made, one half-section or 320 acres of land, if a single man, and if married, or if he shall be married within one year from Dec. 1, 1S50, one section or 540 acres, one half to himself and the other half to his wife, to be held by her in her own right; and the surveyor-general shall designate the part enuring to the husband and that to the wife, and enter the same on the reconls of his office, and when married persons become entitled to a grant, and either shall die before the patent issues, the survivor and children shall be entitled to equal portions of the estate, unless it is disposed of by will, under the laws of Oregon. When an alien has declared his intention to beeome a citizen, and shall die before naturalization, his possessory right shall go to his ln-irs or devisees. Donations shall embraci- the land actually occupied by the settler, shall be in a compact form, auil shall be taken as nearly as practicable by legal subdivisions, and shall be claimed within three months from the completion of thu survey. Contracts for the sale of the land before the patent is issued are void. If any settler shall die before the expira- tion of saie valid. Cerlain lands are given for the endowment of a university. No mineral lands, nor lands reserved for salines, can be claimed under this act. All persons claiming land under this act, by virtue of settlement and cultivation commenced subsequent to Dee. 1. 1S50, must first make oath that the land claimed by them is for their own use and cultivation ; that they are not acting as agents for others in making such claims; and that they have made no sale or transfer, or any agreement for any sale or transfer, or by which the said land shall enure to the benefit of any other person, and persons making false or fraudulent oaths or afiBrmations shall be subject to all the pains and penalties of perjury. Jidigious Venominations. — The statistics of the several religious denominations In the State in 1S50, according to the census of that year, were as follows : Denninin.n- ^ tii>rm. Cli Baptist Christian Congregat'l.. Dutch Kef... Episcopal . . . Free Friends German lief. ircl.es. 1 ... .101) .5U0 .$2,000 . G,2U0 Vnliie of Pr-.p^rty. ..$ - ! Denomina- Vnliieof 1 5(10 . 211(1 . .I,'-*!. 22,000 fi.ono 41.3211 Tiinkcr Tallinn Cnitarian . . . UnivtTsalist . Minor Sects . Total... .8,13.>. .$- .tTC/v.'O tion^. CIm ( .Tewish — ■ Lnthi^ran . .. — Mriuionite. .. — Methoilist Moravian.. . . Presltyterian. It. Catholic... Swedentjo'n. . Oregon Territory forms a part of llie IJoinaii Catliolic Ecclesiastical province, of which Ore'.'on City i.< the metropolitan sec, and comprises the iliocese of Oregon Cily, Wallawalla, Fort Hall, anil Colville. The Kpiseojial Church has not yet been established in the Territory. BIiKUtioMil SttilUtics.—U is not exjiected that education in so sparsely populated a Territory n-s Orejon can have made much progress. No st^Uistics are yet published on which dependence e:in be pl.-iee-i, hut it is well known that in ail the cities there are not only eonnnon schools. l)nt reapeetatile academies, and i)rovisio[i has already been nia1S was held in joint occupancy, being, however, subject to neither. The coasts of this country were discovered by the Spaniards in the 161h century, but in 1792 the discovery of the Columbia liiver, by Captain Gray, gave to the United States a claim to sovereignly. The British derived their claim from discovery and occupation. In 1S04-5-6 CapLiins Lewis and Cl-irke explored the counlry from tho mouth of the Missouri to the mouth of the Columbia, and spent the winter of lSOo-6 on the Pacific. In ISOS the first trading-house established on the waters of the Columbia was erected by the Missouri Fur Com- pany on Lewis Elver. In ISIO the Pacific Fnr Company, at the head of which was the late John Jacob Astor, of New York, was founded, and in the following year Fort Astoria was built at the mouth of the Columbia. This fort was taken during the last war by the English, but peace returning, it was again delivered by the British Government to its oriitinal cwners. The disputes respecting the sovereignty were renewed in ISi'i, and in 1846 a treaty between England and the United States defined the line of 49° as the division between the territories of the two nations. The people of Oregon hitherto had existed under a government of their own, and made their own laws. A bill to establish a territorial govern- ment passed the House of Representatives 16th January, 1847, but was not acted on by the Senate. In 1S4-S a bill passed both houses of Congress, and was approved by the President, 14th August. The government was soon after organized according to the provisions of the new law, and the independent government ceased. The emigration to Oregon is con- tinually increasing in numbers. Salem, on the east side of the Willamette River, is the political capital of the State. I Jefferson county, Ala. : S4 miles N. W. , Lancaster county, Pe7in. : 31 ra. E. by S. Oregon county. Mo. Situate S., and contains 1,756 sq. m. Drained by Eleven Point and branches of Spring rivers. Surface generally even ; soil moderately fertile, and yields average crops of com, wheat, etc. This is a fine mineral county, containing excellent beds o*" iron, copper, aiid lead ores, with others of importance. King's Mount is situate in the N. Much ot the land is covered with pine and other timber. Farms 130 ; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 25'2, and pop.— wh. 1,392, fr. ool. 23, si. IS— total 1,432. Capital: Thomasville. Oregon, p. Montgomery. Orfgox, p. Ilarrisburg. Oregon, p. o., Clarke county, Tnd. : ST miles 9. by E. Indiannpolis. Oregon, p. v., and cap. Holt co., Mo. : 195 m. N. W. Jefferson City, and near the left bank of the Missouri r. It contains the court-house and several dwellings. Oregon, p. o., Chautauque co., A\ Y. : 295 m. W. S. "W. Albany. Oregon, p. o., "Warren co., Ohio : 71 m. 9. "W. Columbus. Oregon, sta., Seneca co., Ohio : on the line of the Mad River and Lake Erie li. R., 46 m. Sandusky City. Oregon, t. an(l p. v., Dane co., Wise. : in the 9. part of the county. Drained by a branch of Sugar r. Surface roll- ing. Till' lands are very good, and the soil well adapted to agricultural jiurpose.s. Pop. of t. 638. Orkgon, p. 0., Lincoln county, Tejin.: 67 m. S. i E. Kashville. Oregon City, p. v., and cap. Ogle co., HI. ; on the right bank of Roek r., 159 m. N. i E. Springfield. Pop. 540. Oregon City, p. v.. and cap. Clackamas co., Oreg. Ter.: on the right bank of the "Willamette r., 34 m. N. E. Salem and 12 m. above Portland. The falls at this place afford it an immense water-power, which has been improved to some extent. It was forraeriy the territorial capital, and [ contains the co. buildings. Tho " Statesman" and "Spec- tator" are newspapers published here. The v. has thriving trade, and may be considered as the commercial depot of 034 the upper "Willamette country. The office of the U. S. sur- veyor-general is stationed here. Pop. 697. Oregonia, p. 0., Tuscaloosa co., A!< 4.497; manuf. 640; dwell. 11,064, and pop.— wb. G1.950, fr. col. 21S— total 62,195. CapiUiIs: Os- wego and Pulaski. Pithlir. Workfi : Oswogo and Syracuse R. R. ; Watertown and Rome R. R. ; Oswego Canal, etc. OswEGO, t. and p. v., Kendall co., HI. : on the left bank of osw Fox r., a ooiisliLUL-rit uf tliL- Illiiiiiis r., Ho in. X. E. Spring- fiehl. The Aurora Extcnsinn liailroad rima on llu- opjiu&ile «idi; of llii! r., aljolil 2 m. ilistiiiil. Pop. 1,580. Oswego, p. eily, port of i-ii[ry, ami aUeniatfly uith Pu- laski, cap. Oswi'go CO., .A', y. : nu IjoUi aiiks ol Oswego r.. at its entrance into Lake Ontario, 141) ni. W. N.\V. .Mliaiiv. The moutli of llie ri\er forms the liarbor, uliieh lias been much iijiprovi'il by artificial works, ant above which, tlmu^'h jircveiiling its being navigated, Itirui-h ini- niense hydraube power. Ne.\t to Sackett's Harbor, that of Osweg.. is the best ou the south side of liu- lake. The har- bor iinproveiiients con^isls of piiTs jutting into tlie lake, funning a "giit," in whicli the water Ints a depth of from 12 to 2U feet. It is connected ^Yilh the ICrie liy the Osweg;fi.94!) 15..';.J2 Tol.ll 2.2S3 477.2111 ii.WS Tlic total value of iinporls from foreign countries was $.524,1145, of which !H()reign gix>ds, the following are enumerated : Aro-l-^. Eiill'a to Drawt),icl<. KotEntilieJ. From Warf-liV. Bncar 3,972,049 lbs. . . — lbs. .. 216,642 lbs. Tea — . .647,884" .. — " Spirits 3.2110 gls. .. — .. 2,700 gls. Wines 2.401 " .. — .. 2,9:)2 " V:d.ofallfor.exp.$29:;,0.S3 ..$547,993 ..$91S,5« OSW Among the exporls of domestic goods are the following: In Anierii-.iii Vessels. In Foreign Vrrs-.-Is. Arlales, tinnnlily. Salt, bbls 15,.52U.. Flour " 1,172.. iticc. tierces .55. . Letilher. rolls 1.55. . Merchandise, pkgs — . . Toliae.o. b.ives 1.538.. Tallow, bbls 346.. Groceries — . . Cotton & wool nianiil'actures, | and bootji and shoes ) Total (including sundries) 141.. 471.. ,827.. 230.. Value. Qi $17,020.. 62 5,S0O.. 1,0,50 8,000 99,280 8S,,5(I0.. .5,499. C,2:!0,. — . I8.2e0. . — . 50.396. . — . (252,650.. $60 2, 6. 4. 176. C. C. 45, ,450 ,S36 460 470 i.OOO ,797 515 ,000 $452,927 The following is an jibslract from the canal oniee-book8 of jiroperty landed at Oswego, in the year 184S, with the estimated vjdue and its original destination ; Articles. Western Stnle.s. Forest Products $ — Animal " 737 , . Veget;ible Food .... 99 . . Manufactures 47G.374 . . Merchimdise 3,790.892 . . Other .articles 15.473 .. Total. .$4,2S9,.575 ...$: Cnrniih. New Vork. $ - . .. $10,783 20,510 .. 27,!S03 48 ,. . . 8,54.089 100,111 .. . . l;!2,ll23 2,120,1137 . .. 3,7.54.4fiJ 8.1109 . . 69,272 2,255,678 . ..$4,:i43,914 The above are the lalcst uniform series of slalistieson the coinnierce of the port accessible. Had we the returns for 1852 complete, tiny would show at least luo per cent, in- crease in its amount and value — a fact indicaleil by isolated returns on ditferent articles. The canal tolls, for inslauce, which in 1848 were only $71,664, had risen in 1852 to $104,300, in spite of great reduction in the rates; and the following table exhibits a few leading articles carried on Uic canal in 1851 : Flour . . Wheat . li:irley. Pork . . , Beef. . . nil Osweco, ... 8ss,181 bbK . .. 1,070.212 bush. ... 1,192.217 " . . . 179,971 " 23,545 bbls. 1.5,854 " To Oswrco. P. E. iron.... 9S.:iS 1.00711)3. Iron 0,432.867 " Nails ASpks. 3,093,267 " Steel 49:1,3.52 " Merchandise. 25,617.8-5 " Sugar 14.24.1.;J21 " Salt 131.904.646 " Stiwed Inibr.. 82,925,070 feet. The tonnage of all property reaching Oswego in 18.50, was 129,252 tons, and in 1551, 180,715 tons — iuerease in one year, 51,403 tons. A few of the le:idiiig articles from Canada in IStO and 1850, eouiparalively show the rapid increase of Intsini'ss in that direction ; Artii les Flour, barrels 198,023 . Wheal, bushels Oats, bushels Potatoes, bushels Lumber, feel Mutter, lbs Peas and beans, bushels. tsi'l. I SV.O. 198,023 .. . . 200,874 ■CS2,SI30 . . .. 1,094.444 6.5.7O0 .. 90.166 0,rsl8 . . 10.;!72 44,137,2s7 . . . . 50.C,s5.l'.82 11.5,759 .. . . 225.087 10.:>22 .. 22.3;l) The annexed table cnpicd frnm llii' books rt of the same name, celebrated in the French and colonial wars. It is built on the E. side of the river, near the lake, on a tract of land cedeil to the Tnited States for such purpose. It commands the harbor, and is a .Hufficient defense against an enemy. Daily lines of steamboats, for the conveyance of passen- gers, run between this port and the lake ports of the United Stales, and Canada generally. Oswego was incorporated in 1S2S. In 13.30, it had 2,T03 inhabitants : in IMO, 4,665, and in 1S50, 12,306— the increase between 1S30 and 1S40 w-as 72.53 per cent., and in the last decade the increase was 101.62 per cent. OswESO, t., Oswego CO., N. Y. : 148 m. W. N. W. Albany. It occupies a triangle of land formed on two sides by the Oswego r. and Lake Ontario. Near lis N. point is located the port of Oswego. The town is drained by several small streams (lowing into the lake. Surface generally level, but varied ; soil sandy loam of good quality, and very ferlilc. The interests of this town are much the same as those of the OTS city. Manufactures are numerous and extensive, and along the river are several flour and saw mills. Pop. 2,445. OswKGo, p. v., Koseiusko co., Ind. : on the S. W. bank of Lake Tippecanoe, G9 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Oswego river, i^. Y.: formed by the junction of Seneca Dnd Oneida rivers. The Seneca is the common outlet of Seneca, Cayuga, Crooked, Canandagua, Owasco, Skancat- eles, and Cross lakes. The Oneida is the outlet of Oneida lake. After the junction, Oswego river pursues a N. W. course 24 miles until it enters Lake Ontario. For some dis- tance it forms the Oswego Canal, the falls being overcome by a succession of locks, and along its banks is a tow-path. The water-power afforded by this river is immense, and lias been greatly improved. Manufacturing establishments lino its banks below the falls, and the manufacturing establish- ments, mills, etc., of Oswego derive the'u* motive power from this source. Tlie harbor at its mouth is commodious, but will require considerable enlargement to accommodate its future commerce. It is made by extending piers into the lake on each side, thus forming an open canal, in which vessels of all the capacities sailing on the lake may enter and moor in safety. The falls prevent navigation above the port. Oswego Falls, p. o., Oswego co., X. Y.: at the falls of Oswego r., 147 m. W. N. W. Albany. Oswego Tillage, p. o., Duchess co., 2^. K .* 47 m. S. Albany. OswiciiEE, p. o., Enssell county, Ala. : 71 m. E. by S. Montgomery. Otego, t. and p. v., Otsego co., 27: Y.: 6S m.'W. by 9. Albany, and 24 m. S. "W. Cooperstown. Drained by tbo Susquehanna r. and tributary. Surface uneven, except upon the banks of the Susquehanna, where it becomes quite level ; soil fertile. The v. is pleasantly situated on the Otsdawa cr. in the S. part of t. There are in the t. several stores and mills, and a few manufactories. Pop. of 1. 1,792. Otis, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Jfass.: 107 m. "W. by S. Boston. This t. was once comprised of the t, of Loudon and district of Eetlilebem, but was incorporated under its present name in ISIO (after tlie ITon. Harrison Gray Otis, of Boston, tlien Speaker in the House of Representatives). Drained by a number of ponds, which, with a small stream, forms the source of Farmington r. Surface very uneven ; soil fertile and productive. There are fine forests of hard wood, and also granite in the t. The manufactures consist chiefly of leather, boots, shoes, cabinet-ware, and lumber. The V. is in the S. of t Pop. of 1. 1.224. Onsco, t. and p. o., Ionia co., 3/ic?t. : 39 m. N-TV. Lansing. Drained by Flat r., which divides it, affording good water- power. Pop. oft. 1.018. Otisco, t and p. v., Onondaga co., -JT. Y. : 97 m.liV. by N. Albany. Otisco lake forms its W. boundary, by the outlet of which thet. is dr.ained. Surface rolUng; soil gooil, aud in fine slate of cultivation. The v. is on the E. siwn3 of Spafford and Otis, is 5 m. long and 2 m. wide; its outlet flows N. into Onondaga lake. Otisfield, t. and p. v., Cumberland county. Me. : 42 m. ^ W. 9. W. Augusta. Drained by Crooked r. flowing into Sebago pond. There is a large pond on the E. border of L Soil is of good quality, producing wheat plentifully. The v. is situate centrally, and on the post-road. Pop. of 1 1,171. Otisville, p. o., Orange co., 2i. Y.: on the line of the Erie K. K., 72 m. S. by "VV. Albany. Otspawa, p. v., Otsego county, 27. Y. : on a small cr., a tributary of the Susquehanna r., 76 m. W. by S. Albany. Otskgo county, Mich. Situate N. of the S, Peninsula, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Sheboygan river and branch of the Au Sable river. Surface level, and diversified with small lakes. Set off since 1S50. OiBEGo county, 27. Y. Situate E. centrally, and contains OTS OTT S9"2 sq. m. Drained by Snaiiuehanna r., IJiitU-rnut, i.'t«go, Olsdawa, and Cliorry YalK-y creeks, all wluth are irilnitaries of Susquelianriu r. Surface clovated; in flnme parts it is mountuinuus, and in others diversified wilU Uiw bills and valleys ; soil lliough various, in most parts is fertile. A large quantity of lumber is expi)rteperstown. Otsego, p. v., Lake co., III. : 5 m.AY. from Lake Micliigan, 204 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. Otsego, t. and p. v., Columbia co., Who. : 24 m. N. by E. Madison. Drained by Rock or. Surface level; soil fertile. The V. is on Kock cr., in the centre of t. Pop. of t, 420. Otsego, t, and p. v., xVllegim co., J/u-h. : 91 m. W. 8. W. Lansing. Drained by the Kahiiiiozoo r. and a number of small creeks. Surface umlulaling— in some parts hilly; soil varied, but along the banks of the Kalamazoo, black allu- vion ; it has fine wood-lands. The v. is pleasantly situated on the Kalamazoo river, at an elevation of 30 feet. Pop- ulalion of t. SIS. Otsego, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 55 miles E. Columbus. Otsego, t., Otsego co., y. V. : 62 m. W. Albany. It lies between Otsego and Canaderaga lakes, the outlet of the latter, Oak cr., affording good water-power. Surface some- what hilly; soil clay and gravelly sand and loam. It has considerable manufactures and numerous mills. Pop. in 1S40, 1.421, and ISoO, 1,792. Otsego, p. o., Eay county, Mo. : 113 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Otshgo lake, Otsego county, iV. Y. : in the towns of Springfield, Middlefield, and (.)lS(?go, is 9 m. in length and 2 in width, and has for its outlet the source of the Susquohan- ua r. This lake is remarkalile for the beauty of ils scenery. At its outlet is the flourishing village of Ci>operstown. Otselic, t. and p. v., Chenango co., iV. l'. ; 104 m. "W. Albany. Drained by tlie Otselic r., which passes through it. Surface uneven and much broken ; soil clay luam. There is some very fine wood-land here. The v. is situate in the N. of the t., at which there is a p. o. The t, contains several mills. Pop. of 1 1,800. Otselic river, N. Y. : rises in Eaton, Madison co., flows in a S. S.W. direction through N-W. part of Chenango and S. E. part of Cortland co., and enters the Tioughnioga r. in BM*^e county. V'T)TTA QcEEcnEE Tivcr, Fe;'???. .* rises in Sherburne, Eul- land CO., flows S. E. through Bridgewater, N. E. through "Woodstock into the S. part of Hartford, thence S. E. through the X. E. part of Hartland, and empties into the Connecti- cut, 2 m. above Queeehee Falls, anil 3 m. below the v. so called. In its course it receives a number of considerable mill streams and several other tributaries. It is 35 m. in length, and waters over 200 sq, m. Also called Water Queeehee and Queeehee river. Ottawa county, Jlich. Situate W. of the S. Peninsula, and contains S2S sq. m. Drained by Grand r. and its tril)- ularies. Black and Maskegon rivers. Surface rolling, and pres nting to the lake shore high sand-bliitfs. Soil gen- erally fertile, producing wheat, Imlian corn, and potatoes. Farms 27S; manuf. 36; dwell. 1,129, and pop.— wh. 5,533. fr. col- 55— total 5,587. Cajyitnl: Grantl Haven. Ottawa county, Ohio. Situate N., and bounded on the N. E. by Lake Erie, the ea.stcrn portion stretching consid- erably into the lake, and forming Sandusky bay. It con- tains about 320 sq. m. Drained by Portage and Toussaint rivers. Surface level, and in many parLs very low; soil in general fertile. Pine timber is found on the land. Sandusky bay forms its S. E. boundary. Farms 227; manuf. 11; dwclL 613, and pop.— wh. 3,307, fr. col. 1— total 3,30S. Cap- iUd: Port Clinton. I'lO-Uc Works: Cleveland, Js'orwalt, and Toledo K. li. ; Jimction E. R., etc. Ottawa, p. v., and cap. La Salle co., 111. : at the junction of Fox r..with the Illinois (which divides It into three parts), 119 m. N. N. E. Springfleld. It is laid off on both sides of the Illinois r., and is accessible by steamboats at liigh water, for which there is a very good landing. Below for Ihe dis- tance of S or 9 m., are rapids and shoals funned by barriers of sand and limestone ruck. Tlie Illinois anis r., one-fourth of a mUe above Ottawa. The surface of Ihe country around is undulating, and well aiiapted to farming, with some groves of timber; sod rich. Lime and coarse freestone in great abundance. The " Constitutionalist*' (whig), and "O. Free Trader" (dem.), are published weekly. Ottawa, p. o., Ottawa county, Ohio: 121 m. N. by "W. Columbus. Ottawa, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., Wise. : 49 m. E. by S. Madison. Drained by forks of Rock r. on the N. and 3. Surface rolling; soil good. There are a number of small ponds in the t. Like the rest of the co., this t. has excellent limber. Ottawa Lake, p. o., Monroe co., Mich. : near Ottawa r., 93 m. S. E. Lansing. OTTEii creek, I V/-m. .• rises in Pcni L, Bennington co., and flows in a N. by "W. direction, Ihrougli Rutland and Addi- son, and enters Lake Champlain at Ferri^burg. It is nav- igable tor lake ves.seis as far up as Vergennea, dist. 6 m., and for boats from Middlebury to Piltsford, 25 m. The falls at Middlebury, AVeybridge, and Yergennes, aflbrd extensive wat<.-r-power. Large-sized vessels have been built at Yer- gennes, and the flotilla of Commodore M'Douough fitted out there in 1S14. Otter Bridge, p. o., Bedford co., Virg.: on a branch of Staunton r., 103 m. W. by S. Richmond. The Yirginia and Tennessee E. R. passes near this location. Ottek Creek, p. o., Jersey co., 2/L : on a fijrk of creek by same name, 03 ra. S. W, Springfield. Otter Creek, p. o., Addison co.. Verm. : ou a cr. of same name, 37 m. W. by S. Montpelier. Otter Creek, p. o., Jackson co., Mc<:h. : 29 ni. S. by E. Lansing. Otter Dale, p. o., Chesterfield county, Virg. : 13 m. 3. Richmond. OTTEn, Peaks of, T7rg.: a portion of the Blue Riilge (Alleghany Mountains), situated between Bedford and B'tte- tourt counties, 116 m. W. Richmond. These peaks >^lloot up in projecting summits to the height of 4,260 feet, and are the highest land in the State. Otter Yillage, p. v., Eipley county, Ind. : (U ni. S. E. Indianapolis. Otterville, p. v., Cooper co., J/b. .• on the W. side of the river & la Mine, and 50 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. Otto, t. and p. v., Cattaraugus co., Al Y. : 205 m. W. byS. Albany. Drained by Cattaraugus cr. and branches. The cr. bounds it on the N., and the N. Y. and Erie R. R. crosses its S. W. part. Surface hilly; soil adapted to grain. Lum- ber and grain are the chief products. The v. is in the S. W. part of the t. Pop. of t, 2,267. Otto, p. v., Fulton co.. III. : on S. side of Otter cr., 45 m. N. W. Springfield. Ottoiiine, p. 0., Rockingham CO., Virg. : 101 m. N. "W. Richmond. OrisviLLE, p. v., Bucks county, yV;i«. .• 90 m. E. byN Harrisburg. 689 OTT OWI OiTUMWA, p. v., and cap. "VVapeUo co., III. : on tho Dea Moini's r.. centrally in co., G3 m. S. W. Iowa City. It con- tains the county ci.)urt-bou8C', anil several dwellings. OrAriiiTA City, p. v., Union par., La.: 159 m. N. W. Baton Uouge. A United States land office is situate here. The "Ouachita Gazette" (''em.) is issued weekly. Oii-KANT, p. o., Delaware co., K Y. : 64 m. S. W. Albany. Ol'kyw, p. 0., Hamilton co., Ohio : 97 m. S. W. Columbus. OcTAGAMfE county, Wise. Situate toward the IC., and contains 64S sq. m. "Wolf river enters it in the "W., antl passes throuijh it in a northerly direction, by which and its l)ranrhfs it is drained. Surface varied, in most parts being liilly and broken, but there is much level lami ; soil fertile. Pine and other limber abrmnds, and there is fine pasturage for cattle. Erected since 1S50. Ol-tlkt, p. 0., Lake co., Itid. : on Cedar cr., 119 m, N. W. Indianapolis. OvEBALi^, p. 0., "Warren co., Virff.: 103 m. N. by W. Eichmond. OvBUFiELD, p. 0., Barbour county, Tirg. : 175 m. N. "W. Eichmond. Oveu.man's Ferky, p. 0., Muscatine co., Id. : 29 m. S. E. Iowa City. OvEP.SLAUGn, K Y.: Vl shoal in the Hudson r., a few miles below Albany, consisting of a succession of bars or flats, through which there were narrow channels, with a small deplli of water at low tide. The obstruction has been partially removed by the government. Overton county, Tenii. Situate N., and contains 526 sq. ni. Drained by Eoaring river in the S. "W., and by Obey*8 river and its branches in the N., and central portions. Surface undulating; soil a fine deep mold, and very fertile, the land on the streams being rich and productive. Staples, cottl*al: Livingston. Ovid, p. v., Lee co., 121. : on a branch of the Illinois r., 133 m. N. i E. Springfield. Ovid, p. o., Madison co., Iiid. : 29 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Ovid. t. and p. o.. Branch county, Midi. : 63 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by two small creeks. Surface rolling; soil of a dark, rich loam ; abounds in fine timber lands and excellent^razing. Pop. of t 710. Ovid, t an/. : on tho banks of the Ohio r., 9 m. below Rockport, and 123 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Situate in a very fertile region, abounding in mineral resources. It contains the court- house, several churches, an academy, and a number of stores and dwellings. The " American," a weekly (ludep.), is published here. Pop. 1,214. OwENSBFRG, p. 0., Grccn county, Ind.: 59 miles S. W. Indianapolis. OwENsviLLE, p. v., Salinc county, Arl: : on middle fork Saline r., 2S m. W. S. W. Little Rock. OwENSviLLE, p. v,, Glbson CO., Ind. : near Polk's null stream, 125 m. S. W. Indianapolis. OwENsviLLE, p. v., Clcrmoiit county, Ohio: 75 m. S. W. Columbus. OwESTON, p. v., and cap. Owen co., Ky.: situate in S. W. part of CO., ] 9 m. N. Frankfort, and contains the court-house ami several dwellings. OwENvaLE, p. o., Sampson co., K Car. : 49 m. E. S. E. Raleigl). Owing's Lane, station, Baltimore co., Md. : on the West- minster Branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna R. E.,13 m. from Baltimore. OwinO's Mills, p. v. and sta., Ealtimore co., Md. : on line OWI OYS of the Westminster Branch of Baltimore and Susquehanna n. K., 17 ni. N. Baltimore, 41 ni. N. Annapolis. OwiNGSViLLK, p. v., and cap. Balli eo., A'//. ; 3 m. N. Slate cr., in centre of co., and Gl m. E. Fninkrort. Il con- laius the cnurt-house, etc,, and 205 inliabilants. Owl Praiieir. p. v., Daviess co., Iiiw, p. o., Wyoming co., Penn.: 95 m. N. N. E. Ilurri.sbur^. Oxitow. p. v., .Jefferson co., K. Y. : on the Oswegatchie riwr. 117 m. N. by W. Albany, and 31 m. N. E. Sackelt's Harbor. Oxiiow. p. o., Putnam county, lU. : 101 ni. N. by E. SpringlKId. OsF'jKD county, Sfe. Situate W. toward the S., and con- tains 1,S76 sq. m. Drained by Androscoggin river and ils branrlies. and by Saco river. Surface in general broken and hilly, and is pleasantly diversified with numerous lakes ; soil in many parts is very fertile. Chief productions, wheat. Iner land. Farms 4,2S3 ; manuf. 150 ; dwell. fi,712, and jiop. — wh. 39,C5S. fr. col. 5— total 39,663. Oipital: Paris. Oxi'ouD. p. v., Talbot co., Mil. : on an inlet of Chesapeake bay, 27 m. S. E. Annapolis. Oxford, t. and p. v., New Haven co., Conn. : 32 m. S. W. Hartford. Drained by llousatonic and Naugaluck rivers and branches, affording extensive water-power and fine mill-seat.s. Surface generally uneven, in parts liilly, with a fL-niie and productive soil. Among the manufactur- ing establishmenLs, those of satinet and hat are the mo.sl im- pi>rtant. In the S. part there is a mineral spring called '-The pool," much usi'd in the cure of salt rheutn and other com- plaints. The V. is on the line of the Norwich and Worcester K. R., 11 m. Worcester. It contains 2 chiu-ches and several dwelhngs. Pop. of t. 1,562. OxFoitP, !>. v., Newton co., Ga.: 55 m. N. W. Milbdgi - ville. The Emory College (founded in lS3T) isjiituato here, having (in 185(1) a president, 5 professors, and 13S alumni, of whom 16 are in the ministry, and 115 students. The library contains 1,701) volumes. Pop. about 6oO. Oxford, p. v., Henry co., J II. : on tiu- Mnnrnouth and Prophelstowu post-road, 105 m. N. by W. .Springfield. OxFoiiD, p. (>., Benlon co,, Imf, : situate 3J m. dist. Big Pine creek, 75 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Oxford, p. o., Scott co., A'y. ; 15 m. N. E. Frankfort. Oxford, t., p. v., and sta., Oxford county, .Vf. ; 33 miles W. S. W. Augusta. Drained by Litlle Androscoggin r. and a number of p'mda. The soil is fertile, producing excellent grain. There are several mills on the banks of the river. The V. is in S. part of t. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence P. R. passes through it, on which is the sta., 40 m. from Portlanilal, and 2 academies, 360 dwellings, and 1,97s inhabitants. Oxford, t. and p. v., Butler co., Ohio: 96 m. AV. S. W. Columbus. Drained by aflluents of Great Miami r. Sur- face moderately uneven ; soil of extraordinary fertility. The village lies on the W. side of Four Mile cr.. an.i near the union of the I'our Mile Valley and Junction R. U. from Indiana. The Miami University is situated in the town: founded in 1S09, and had in 1S50 apresi'lent. 6 pmfcssors, and 343 alumni (of which lo2 are in the ministry), GO stu- dents, and a library containing S.noo vr.: on a branch of Pequest river, 41 m. N. "W. Trenton. Tln-re is a furnace situate in the village, and iron ore of a rich quality is found in abundance ui tlie vicinity, and easily smelted. Oxford V-u,lev, p. o., Bucks county, Venn.: 103 m. E. Harrisburg. Oyackf.e, p. v., and cap. Washington co., HVsc. ; on the bank of Lake Michigan, S3 m. W. by N. Madison. The county court-house is at Washington. OYSTER Bay, t. and p. v.. Queens CO., J\^ 5'.; 125 m. S. Albany, and 23 ra. New York city. Extends across Long Island, being washed on tho N. by the bay so calle ) p^st Cp.eek, p. o., Washtenaw CO., Micli.: on a branch of Stoney cr., so called, 65 m. S. E. Lansing, town sevcr..l stores, lumber , .... factories, and mills Z\ number of schools and academies. Population of '"omfEbay, K T. : sets up from Long Island Sound, and is connected with the harbor so called, and Coldspring harbor It abounds with wild fowl and excellent scale Bsh. OvsTEE creek, r«.: rises in Fort Bend CO., 3 m. K Rid mond, flows' S. E. and S.. parallel with Bra.os r and rmtttesta o the Gulf of Mexico., 2 m. N. of its mouth. OvsTEiTriver, A--. Ifamp.: one of the principal branches of mepLataq^a r., rises in Lee, and flows through Dur- ham t rpon both sides of the r. a deep agiUaceous loam prv- Us, which is favorable to the production of grasse. Abundance of oysters are found in its waters, from which "olr'c™^;,'^^ Situate S., and contains 1,593 s,. m. Draned by b--hes of White r surface hiUy and broken ; soil generally fertile and adapted to grazing. Farms .53^ manuf. 5: dLll.361, and pop.-wh. 2,279, tr. col. 0, si. 15- total 2 "94 (7«p!\ Y. : on the Mohawk, 47 m. W. N. \V. Albany. A bridtje connects it with Canajoharie. on the S. siiJf of ihe r. It is on the Utioa and Schenectady R. K., 40 m. E. of Utica, and has a quarry of fine building stone. Palesville, p. v., Greene county, y. Y. : 2S m. S. S. W. Albany. Palermo, t. and p. v., "Waldo co., 3fe. : 17 m. E. N. E. Augusta. It contains several ponds, the sources of -Sheeps- cot r. Surface undulating; soil very productive. A superior farming and grazing t. Pop. of 1 1,G59. Palermo, t. and p. o., Oswego co., J^. Y. : 106 ni.'W. N-W. Albany. Drairieti by Catfish cr. Surface unduliuing; soil sandy loam. A farming t., with good water-power. Popu- lation 2,05.3. Palestine, p. v., Crawford co., TIL : about 3 m. "W. of the "Wabash. 122 m. E. S. E. Springfield. It lies on the E. bor- der of the Lamotte prairie, and was formerly the co. seat It contains a V. S. land office, a dozen stores, and SOO inhabitants. The surrounding country produces heavy crops of corn, and the v. has a large trade iu grain and livc- 6t^»ck. Palestine, p. v., "Washington par.. La. : 5T m. E. N. E. Baton Itouge. Palestine, p. v., Kosciusko co., Ind. : on a S. affluent of Tippecanoe r, 9G m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Palestine, p. o., Adams county. Miss. : 87 miles 8. W. Ja<;kson. Palestine, p. v., Pickaway county, Ohio: IS m. S. S.'W. Columbus. Palbstint3, p. v., and cap. Anderson co., T^r. ; 162 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. It lies about midway between tlie Trinity and the Neches, and contains the ounty buildings, several stores, and 500 inhabitants, "The Wonder" is pub- lished weekly. Palbstine, p. 0., Hickman co., Tenri.: 46 m. "W. S. "W. Kashville. Palestine, p. T., Greenbrier co,, Vinj. : 1G3 m. W. by N. Richmond. Palestine, sta., Columbiana eo.. 07do: ou the OIno and Pennsylvania It. P., 33 m. E. of Aliance. Palisades, A'. J. : ttiis mountainous range extends 20 ra. along the W. bank of the Hudson r., commencing near Fort Lee, opposite the extreme upper part of New York, and ter- minating at Piermont. They are for the most part 300 to 500 feet high, with perpendicular rocky front ou the bank ofthe r., presenting most impressive scenery. Pall Mall, p. o., Fentress co,, Tenn.: 97 m. E. by N. Nashville. Palmer, t. au'l p. o., TTampden co., Jfiiss.: G6 miles "W. by S. Boston. Drained by Chicopee, Ware, and Swift rivers, which furnish abundant water-power. Surface hilly ; soil fertile. A good farming town, containing several manu- facturing villages. Cotton and woolen goods, canvas, etc., are largely made. The Amherst and Bclchertown K. B., and the Western K. E. pass through it. Pop. 3,974. Palmer Dep6t, p. v. and sta., Hampden co., Masx.: on Chicopee river, and the "Western II. K., S3 miles (by route) "W. by S. Boston. The Amherst ami Bclchertown K. U., and New London, Willimantic, and Palmer B. B. Iiere con- nect with the Western B. B., making it an important centre of business and travel. It contains 3 large hotels, and a dozen stores, mostly of brick. Opposite Ihe v. on the S. side of the river, is one of the 3 State Alras-houaes, with a farm of 175 acres attached to it. The "Palmer Journal" (ueut.) ifl published weekly. Palmer's, p. c, Polk county, Tej}. : 153 miles E. by N. Austin City. Palmer's Springs, p. o., Mecklenburg, oo., Vh-'j. : on the S. side of Roanoke river, near the S. line of the State 76 m. 8. W. by W. Bichmond. Palmer's Stoke, p. o., "Weakley county, Tenn.: 114 m. "W. by N. Nashville. Palmer's Tavern, p. o., Prince George's co., Md. : ou Potomac r., 2S m. W. S. "W. Annapolis. Palmetto, p. o., Pontotoc co., Jfiss.: 139 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Pametto, p. o. and sta., Coweta co., Oa. : on the La Grange B. B., 25 miles S. Atlanta, IIS m. "W. N. "W. Milledgeville. Palmyra, p. v., Lee county, Ga. : on a "W. branch of Flint river, about 5 m. from its mouth, 119 ra. S. W. by W. Milledgeville. Palmyra, p. v., Harrison county, InJ. : 91 miles S. Indianapolis. A plauk-road passes through it to New Albany. Palmi-ra, t. and p. v., Somerset co., JJ/i^ ; 43 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Sebasticook r., which affords water- power. Surface rolling; soil very productive of grass and grain, to which attention is mostly directed. Population of 1. 1,625. Palmyra, t, p. v., and sta., Lenawee co., Mi<-h.: 72 m. S. S. E. Lansing. Drained by P^aisin river and Bear creek, which supply fine water-power. Surface level or undulatr- ing ; soil sandy loam and deep bottoms, producing all tho grains in abundance. The village is on the r., and contains several stores and mills. The Michigan Southern B. B., and the Erie and Kalamazoo B. B. cross the t, and the statioii is 4 m. E. of Adrian on the laller. Pop. of 1. 1,098. Palmyra, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Mo. : 8 ra. W. of Marion City, its port on Ihe Mississippi, 69 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. It conlains a court-house, jail, academy, hank, U. S. land oflico, several haudsome churches, 25 stores, 963 inhabitants. The "Missouri "Whig" is pub- lished weekly. Ih the vicinity is Masonic College, wliich was founded in 1$31, and in 1S50 had 5 instructors and 75 students. A railroad to connect the v. wiUi the r. has been chartered. Palmyra, t. and p. v., "Wayne co., K Y: 1S2 ra. "W. by N. Albany. Drained by Mud cr. Surface somewhat uneven ; soil calcareous loam, an tiiblc loam and very fertile. Gypsum is abundant on the cr., and salt springs are found. Pop. 521. Paris, p. v., and cap. Monroe co., Mn.: on the S. f-jrk of Salt r., 62 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. It contains a court- bouse, jail, academy, and about 500 inhabitants. Paris, t. and p. o., Oneida county, A'. }'. ; SI m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Sahada or Sauquoit cr., which sn|)plies fine water-power. Surface high and rolling; soil sandy and calcareous loam of excellent quality, and highly cuUivalcd. It is well limbered, and has several manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, paper, etc. Pop. of t. 4,2S3. Paris, p. o., Coweta county, Get.: 92 miles W. by N. Wdledgeville. Paris, p. v.. Lafayette co, J/ms. ,* 151 m. N. i)y E. Jackson. I'aris, t. and p. v.. Stark county, O/tio : IGT m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Drained by Sandy cr. and branches, affording water-power. Surface rolling or hilly; soil fertile. The v. cont;iins several factories and 500 inhabitants. Population of t. 2,740. Paris, p. o., Washington county, rtnn.: 17S ra. W. Ilarrisburg. Paris, p. v., and cap. Henry co., Tenn. : on a branch of Big Sandy river, a W. tributary of the Tennessee, S6 miles W. by N. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, acade- my, and several stores, and 400 inhabitants. "The Itepub- iic" (whig) is published here weekly. Paris, p. v., and cap. Lamar co., Tea\ : 267 m. N. N. E. Austin City. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and several stores. The "■Western Star," a weekly issue, is published. Paris, p. v., Fauquier county, Virg.: 103 m. N. N. W. Iliidimond. It lies at tiie E. base of tlie Blue Kidge, and contains eeveral stores and 250 inhabitants. Paris, t and p. o.. Kenosha co., WUc. : 79 m. E. S. E. Madis"U. Drained by Des Plaines r.,on which are numer- ous mill-sites. Surface mostly even, and soil very product- ive of the grains. A fine limestone is quarrie*!. Pop. 947. Parisrl'rg. Giles co„ Virg, See Giles C. II. Parish. I. and p. o.. Oswego co., N'. Y. : 133 m. W. N. W. Albany. Drained by Salmon cr. Surface undulating: soil iVrtile loam. A farming I. with superior dairies. Popula- tion I,7i)3. Parishville, t. and p. v.. St. Lawrence co., N. Y. : 147 m. N. N. E. Albany. Drained by Packet and SI. Kcgis rivers. Surface rolling; soil adapted tn grass, com, and rye. It is heavily limbered and well supplied with mill-seats. The v. is on St. Kegis r., and contains several mills and about 500 inhabitjints. Pop. of t. 2,132. Pari.svillb, p. v., Porlaiie co., Ohio: on the W. branch of Mahoning r., 12s m. N. E. Columbus. Park, t. and p. o., St. -Joseph's co., Mich. : TtJ ni. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Portage r. of the St. Joseph's, which furnishes good mill-sites. Surface undulating; soil very productive. Pop. S23. Parke county, Inr?. Situate W., and contains 42s sq. m. Drained by Sugar and Big and Little Itaciun creeks, trib- utaries of the Wabash, whi
  • . o., Tell co.. Ark.: on Petite Jeau r., 70 m. W. by N. LitUe Rock. pARKERsncRG, p. v., and cap. Wood co., Virg. : on llie Ohio, immediately above the entrance of Little Kan:iwiia r., 252 ni. W. N. W. llieimiond. It has an extensive ri\ er and inland trade, ami valuable manufactures, whii-h must be greatly increased by the completion of the Cincinnati, Hills- boro', and Parkersburg P. P. and the Norlh Western P. P., tlie latter to connect the Bahimore and (Hiio P. p. widi the Ohio r. at this place. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank, 2 academies, a dozen stores, 2 .steam saw-niills, 2 steam fiouring-mills. numerous smaller manufacturing es- tablishments, and a population of 1.21S souls. The "P. Gazette" (whig) and " I*. News" are published weekly. Parker's Head, p. o., Lincoln co., Me.: on the Atlantic, 37 m. S. S. E. Augusta. Parker's Store, p. o., Franklin co., Gn. : about 3 m.W. of Savannah r., 106 m. N. by E. Milledgeville. Paukeesville, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 02 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. pARKEi:svrLLE, p. o., St. Tammany par., La.: 63 m. E. Baton Rouge. Parkesburg, p. V. and sta., Chester co., Penn. : on tho Columbia and Philadelphia P. P., 45 m.AV. of Philadelphia, 61 m. E. S. E. Ilarrisburg. It contains the Slate machine shops, several dep6is an-l warehouses, 3 stores, u hotel, and between 50 and 60 dwellings. Parkeville, p. v., Noxubee county, 3fi-ss.: 112 miles N. E. by E. Jackson. Park Hall, p. o., SL Mary's county, Md. : 46 miles S. Annapolis. Park Hea1>, p. o.. Washington county, Md.: S9 miles N. W. by W. Annapolis. Parklson, p. 0., Beaver co., Pemu: 1S4 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Parkmax, t. and p. o., Piscataquis county, Mr. : .^9 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Drained liy branches of Piwataquis r. G45 PAR PAS Biirfiice moderately uneven ; soil ferlUe and well wooded. A superior dairy lown. Pop. 1,243. Pakkman, t. :ind p. o., Geauga co., Ohio: 186 m. N. E. C<'lumbu3. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga and Grand rivers, which furnish good raiU-scata. Pop. 1.3S3. Park's, p. o., ScotL co., Ark. : on La Fave r., 94 m. "W. Little Kock. Park's, p. o., Edgefield (list., S, Car. : about 4 m. E. of Savannah r., 7S m. W. by S. Columbia. Pahk's Corsbrs, p. v., Boone co., HI. : ISC m. N. by E. Springfield. Park's Store, p. c, Cabarras co., N. Car. : 101 m-W. by S. Ealeigh, Park's Store, p. o., Jackson co., Ala. : 164 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Parksville, p. v., Sullivan county, K K ; S3 m. S. "W. Albany. pAEKTON, p. V. and sta., Baltimore co., 3/f7. .■ on the N. side of Great Gunpowder Falls, where it is crossed by the Baltimore and Susquehanna K. li., 23 m. N. of Baltimore. Parkville, p. 0., Platte co., Mo. : on the left bank of the Missouri, 139 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Pop. 309. Paema. t. and p. o., Monroe co., N. Y. : on the S. shore of Lake Ontario, 217 ro. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Salmon cr., flowing into Braddock's bay. Surface gent-rally even ; soil sandy or gravelly loam, and very productive. It is chiefly a farming town, but has several manufactories. Pop. 2,946. Paema, t. and p. c, Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 115 m, N. E. by N. Columbus. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga r. Surface level, and soil adapted to wheat. Pop. 1,.3'29. Parma, sia., Jackson co., Jltvh. : on the Michigan Central E. P.., 10 m. W. of Jackson. Parma Centre, p. o., Monroe co., iV. Y. : 215 m. W. by N. Albany. Parnasstts, p. o., "Wilcox CO., Ala.: about 4 m. "W. of Alabama r., 76 m. \V. by S. Montgomery. Parnassus, p. o., Augusta co., i'i/y. : 106 m. AV. N. "W. Eichmond. Parowan City, p. v.. Iron county, UtaJt Ter.: near S. extremily of Little Salt Lake, 105 m. 8. S. W. Fillmore City. Parkish, p. v., Des Moines co., la. : about 3 m. N. of Skunk r., 59 m. S. by E. Iowa City. Parrotsville, p. v., Cocke co., Tenn. : on a branch of French broad r., 209 m. E. by N. Nashville. Parbysville, p. v.. Carbon co., Petut. : on the E. side of Lehigh r., at the mouth of Big creek, 72 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. Parsippant, p. v., Morris co., 2^, Jer. : on Parsippany r., 47 m. N. N. E. Trenton. It contains an academy and several stores and mills. Parsonage, p. o., ■Williamsburg dist., S. Car.: 79 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Parsoksfield, I. and p. v., York co., Mi'. : 74 m. S. W. Augusta. Bounded N. by Ossipee r., and W. by iV. llamp. Surface broken and rough ; soil productive. Several ponds feed fine mill streams. Iron ore an4. Passadumkeag river. Me. : an E. branch of Penobscot r., which it enters at Passadumkeag v., affording in its course fine mill sites. Passaic county, N. Jer. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 19S sq. m. Drained by Passaic river and ita branches. Surface broken, and in parts hilly ; soil various, but for the most part is fertile, and produces good crops of wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. It has some good limber land. Farms GIO; manuf. 247; dwell. 3,369, and pop.— wh. 21,922, fr. col. 630, si. 23— total 22,575. CapiMl: Paterson. Public ^Vorl•s : Union R. K. ; Morris and Essex Canai. Passaic river, A' Jer. : rises in Mendham, Morris co., and flows with verj' irregular course 70 m. to its entrance into Newark bay. At Paterson it has a perpendicular fail of 50 feet, and a total descent of 70 feet, affording an immense water-power. It is navigable for sloops to Acquackanock, 12 miles. P,\ssaio Bridge, sta., Passaic co., K, Jer. : on the Union E. E., 12 m. from New York. Passamaquoddt bay, Me.: lies partly in Maine, and partly in the British province of New Brunswick, 12 m. long, and averaging 7 m. wide. It is separated from the ocean by Deer and Campobello islands, and many smaller islands. It has everywhere a sufficient depth of water for the largest vessels, and is never closed by ice. Its waters abound with mackerel, herring, cod, and other fish. The tide varies from 25 to 33 feet. The statistics of Passama- quoddy collection district are given under Eastpoet, which is its port of entry. Pass Christian, p. v., Harrison co., Miss. : on the E. side of the pass into St. Louis bay, opposite Shieldsboro', 141 m. S. S. E. Jackson. Passumfsic, p. V. and sta., Caledonia co.. Verm. : on Passumpsic r.. and the Connectienl and Passumpsic Eivers Railroad, 4 m. south of St. Johusbury, 29 m. E. N. E. Mont pel ier. Passumpsic river. Verm. : rises from a pond in Westmore t., flows by S. course 34 m., and enters Connecticut r. It has several falls, particularly in Lyndon, where it de- scends 65 feet in 30 rods, producing great water-power. The Connecticut and Passumpsic E. K. runs along the river, and is now completed to St. Johnsbury. Passvunk, t. and v., Philadelphia county. Penn. : 93 m. S. by W. Harrisburg. Bounded S. by Schuylkill and Dela- ware, and drained by Hollander's cr. Surface level; soil alluvium and loam. League island, on the Delaware, bo- PAT longs to it, and is covered with gardens and meadows. The banlc of the Schu>ll;i!l is high and steep. Pop. I.IJOT. Patapsco river, M.lied for many years. There are also night-schools, at which the mechanics whose daily occupations debar them the ordinary advantages of educaticm, are instructed in the usual branch- es. The public press of the city eousisis of the " P. (juard- ian" (dcm.) and the "P. Intelligencer" (whig), each of which circulates frer centum. In the vicinity of Paterson, and on the opposite side of the Passaic, is New Manchester, which, though uiider a se- parate organization, is to all intents and j.urposes a part of the city, having the same interests and being connected with it by two bridges. It contains numerous factories and mills, and is a highly flourishing place. The populalion of the town of Manchester in 1S50 wius 2,7S1. Goffle, Oldham, and Tolowa, are villages in the same town. Patoka, p. V. and sta., Gibson co., Jnd. .- on the N. side of Patoka cr., 117 m. S. W, by S. Indianapolis. It is on the Evansville and Illinois E. E., 30 m. N. of EvansviUe, and contains several stores and mills. Patoka river, Iiul. : rises in S. part of Orange co.. flows W.. and empties into the Wabash just below the mouth of White r. It is about 100 m. long, 150 feet wide, and uavi- gable in high water over CO miles. Paton, p. o.. Cape Girardeau eo., Mo. : on Whitewater cr., 142 m. S. E. by E. Jefferson Cily. Pateick county, Virg. Situate S., and contains .506 sq. m. Drained by branches of Smith's, S. Mayo, and Little Dan rivers. Surface hilly and broken; soil moderately fertile. Chief products, Indian corn and t^^bacco. On the N. W. runs the Blue Kidgo. Farms 74S ; manuf. 27 ; dwell. 1.24S, and pop.— wh. 7,197, fr. col. 83, sl. 2,324-total 9,009. Cajii- tnl: Patrick C. H. P.iTP.ici; C. H., p. v., and cap. P.atriek count}-, Tir/j. : on South Mayo r., a branch of the Dan, 163 m. W. S. W. I'.ieh- mond. It contains a court-house and jail, a flonring-mill, several tobacco factories, and about 600 inhabitants. The v. is also called Taylorsville. Pateicktown, t. and p. o., Lincoln county, JM .-15 m. E. Au"USla. The W. is occupied by a large pond, the source of Sheepscol r. Surface varied ; soil very pro.luctive, and well wooded. Pop. 5.52. Pateiot, p. v., Switzerland co.. In,!. .• on the Ohio, 92 m. 8 E Indianapolis. It is 49 ra. below Cincinnati, has a con- venient landing, and coMlains about 600 inhabitants. Patriot p. v., Gallia counly, Ohhi : on the E. side of Symmes cr.. S6 m. S. S. E. Columbus It contains several stores and about 400 inhabitants. PAT PAW Patten, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 185 m. N. N. E. Au<;usta. Pop. 470. Patten's Home, p. c, Rutherford cc, K. Car, : 191 m. W. by S. Kaleigh. Patten's Mills, p. c, Washinjlon county, iV. Y. : 47 m. N. by E. Albany. Patteksos, t and p. v., Putnam co., 2^. Y. : S3 m. S. by E. Albany. Drained by Cruton r. Surface broken ; soil fertile in the vailt-ys, and under hi<;h cultivation. Tlie Ilarh m 1\. 11. crosses it, and P. sta. is SO m. N. of New York. The V. is on Croton r., and contains an academy and several stores. Pop. of L 1,371. Patterson, p. o., "Wayne county. Mo. : 137 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Patteiison, p. T., Delaware co., Ohio: on the W. side of Scioto r., 28 m. N. by W. Columbus. Patterson, sla., Wyandot co., Ohio : 34 m. N. of Bella- fontaine, on the Mad Kiver and Lake Erie K. II. Patterson's Bluff, p. o., Johnson co., Ark. : on the right bank of Arkansas r., at the mouth of Mountain cr., Sli m. N. ^X. by W. Little Rock. Patterson's Dep6t. p. v. and sta., Hampshire co., Tirg. : on tlie S. side of Potomac r., S m. E. of Cumberland by the Baltimore and Ohio K. K., 152 m. N. "W. by N. liiehmoud. Patterson's Mills, p. o., Washington co., Penn. : 163 m. W. ITarrisburg. Patterson's Stoee, p. o., AUamance co., K. Car, : 49 m. W. N. W. Kaleigh. Patterson ville, p. t., St. Mary's par.. La. : on Bayou Teeh6, 49 m. S. by W. Baton Kouge. Great quantities of cotton and sugar are produced in the vicinity, and sent down the r. from this point. Pattillos, p. o., Jefferson CO., Tkr. .' near Cow bayou of the Sabine, 229 m. E. by S. Austin City. Pattonsdurg, p. v., Davies co., 3fo. : on Big cr., about 5 m. N. of Grand r., 143 m. N. W. Jefferson City. Pattonsbueg, p. v., Botetourt eo., Virff. : on the N. side of James r., 122 m. W. Ilichmond. A bridge connects it with the V. of Buchanan on the S. side, and the two contain a dozen stores, several mills and tobacco factories, and about 500 inhabitants. Pattonsville, p. v., Scott CO., Virg. : 257 m. W. by S. Eichmond. Pattonsville, p. v., Hocking co., Ohio: on the Hocking Canal, E. side of Hocking r., 43 m. S. E. Columbus. It is 22 m. by canal N. W. Athens. Pattonttlle, p. v., Bedford co., Penn. : S3 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Patitxent, p. v., Anne Arundel co., Md.: on the E. side of Patuxent r., 19 m. N. W. Annapolis. Patcxent river, 3fd. : the longest r. in the Stale, rises in the N. part of Montgomery and Howard counties; flnws 8. E. 40 m., then, bending to the S., flows 50 m. in that di- rection, nearly parallel with Chesapeake bay, which it enters by a large estuary. It is navigable to Nottingham, 50 m., for vessels of 250 tons, and further for smaller vessels. Paulding county, Ga. Situate W. toward the N., and contains CG3 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Talla- poosa r. and branches of Etowah r. Surface varied — in the N. being hilly, the remainder level land ; soil fertile. Chief productions, cotton, Indian com, and fruit. It has some fine timber land. Farms 422 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 1,059, and pop.^ wh. 5,560, fr. col. 2, si. 1,477— total 7,039. Cupital : Van Wert. Paulding county, Ohio. Situate W. toward the N., and contains 436 sq. m. Drained by Maumee r. and Auglaize r. and its branches Crooked and Blue creeks. Surface level ; soil very productive, and is well adapted to grain. Farms 77; manuf. 4; dwell. 807, and pop.— wh. 1,705, fr. col. 1— total 1.706. CiipiUtl: Pauliling C. H. Puhlic ^^'}l•kH: Sandusky and Fort Wayne and St, Louis K. U. ; Wabash and Erie Canal; Miami Canal, etc. Paulding, p. v., and cap. Jasper county, Miss.: 67 m. E. by S. Jackson. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 643 several stitrcs, and 400 inh.ibitanls. The " Eastern Clarion" (dcm.) is published weekly. Paulding, p. v., and cap. Paulding co., 0/»'o ; on Crooked cr., a W. branch of the Auglaize. 114 m. N. W. CohimVms. It contains the co. buildings and several stores and mills. Paulina, p. v., Warren co., JV. Jer.: on the S. side of Paulin's Kill, 52 m. N. by W. Trenton. Paulinskill, r., A'. Jer. : ri^es iu Sussex co.. nnd flows in S. W. course about 40 lu., entering Delaware r. in N. W. corner of Warren co., near Columbia. Paviuos, p. v., Kendall co., III. : about 1 m. S. of Fox r, 142 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Pavilion, t and p. o., Kalamazoo county, Mich.: 63 m. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Portage r. of iJie SI. Josepli'.s, into which flow several large ponds. Surface level; soil adapted to graso and grain. Pop. 495. Pavilion, t. and p. o., Genesee county, 2^. Y. : 223 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Allen's cr. Surface roll- ing; soil clayey loam. A superior t. for wheat growing. Pop. ],e49. Pavilion Centre, p. v., Genesee county, N. Y. : 221 m. W. by N. Albany. Pawxatuck, river, R. I. and Conn. : formed in Washing- ton CO., by the junction of Wood and Charles rivers, which afford extensive water-power; flows in S. W. course to the State line, thence S., forming the dividing line between tlie States, to its entrance into Nautigansiek bay. Pawlet, t., p. v., and sta., liutland co., Vi^rm. : on the W. line of the State, 71 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Drained by Pawdet r. Surface broken ; soil very productive of corn and grass. Grazing is much attended to, and various manufactures carried on. The liutland and Washington E. K. crosses the W. part, on which is Uie sta., 15 m. :*. of Caslleton. The v. cont;iins an academy. Pop. of L 1,S43. Pawlet river, Verm, and A'. Y. : rises in Dorset, Vt., flows N. W. into Lake Champlain, and affords good water- power. Pawlings, t. and p. v.. Duchess county, y. Y. : 77 m. S. by E. Albany. Drained by branches of Fislikill and Croton rivers. Surface a largi valley with liills on the E. and W. sides; soil moderately fertile. It contains several jionds and lias good iron ore. The v. is 67 m. from New York by the Harlem K. It., and contains a bank and several stores. Pop. of t. 1,720. Paw Paw, p. v., Miami county, Tiid. : on the E. side of Eel r., at the mouth of Paw Paw cr., 76 m. N. by E. Indian- apolis. It is on the proposed railroad from Peru (o Goshen. Paw Paw, p. v., and cap. Van Buren co., Mich. : on the S. branch of Paw Paw r., SI m. S. W, by W. Lansing. It contains the co. buildings, several mills, S or 10 .stores, and 500 inhabitants. The " P. Free Press" (dem.), is pnblislK-d weekly. Paw Paw sta. is 4 m. S. E. of the v. on the Mich- igan Central R. K. Paw Paw, p. v. and sta., Morgan co., Virg. : 146 m. N. N. W. Kichmond, It is 15 m. E. of Cumberland on the Baltimore and Ohio K. K. Paw Paw Grove, p. o., Lee co., Ill : 13S m. N. by E. Springfield. Pawtucket, t. and sta., Bristol co., Mass. : on Pawtueket r., 37 m. S. S. W. Boston, and 4 m. N. by E. Providence, on Boston and Providence 11. 11. This small t. embraces part of the v. of Pawtucket, and is noted for its factories of cotton and woollen goods. Pop. of t, in 1S30, 1,459 ; in 1340, 2,1S4; iu 1&50, 3,753. Pawtucket, p. v. and sta,, Providence county, P. I. : on Pawtucket r., 4 m. N. Providence, on Worcester nnd Prov- idence R. K. This large and flourishing v. is located on both sides of the r., which here furnishes great water-jjower. The first manufaebire of cotton goods in this country by water-power niaehinery was eommenced here in 1790, by Mr. Samuel Slater, an Englishman. The present factories arc for the most iiart engnged in making cotton goods. There are 7 churches, 3 banks, 13 cotton factories, etc. Tho PAW PEE *'G;izetfe and ChronitV (miacd.) is issued weekly. Pop. 7.000. Pawtccket, river, R. I.: This impnrtiint river above Pawtucket v., in Mass., is called Blaeksl(tne r. (which see), and below the tails takes the name of Seelioiik r. At the v. it has a descent of 50 feet, affurding great water-water. Below the falls it is navigable 4 ui. 1} its entrance into Provitience r. below Providence. Pawtuxet, p. v., Kent co., /!. J. : on Pawtuxet r., n?ar its mouth, 3 m. S. Providt-nce. The harbor is spacious, safe, and convenient. The v. is ujnm both sides of the r. an-l crossed by a bridge. The great wat/:'r-power here aff".>rdohal- lows, He, hut admits small vessels to Jackson. For stiilis- tics of Pearl river collection district, see SiiiEi.nsnono', its port of entry. Pearlingtox, p. 0., Ilancock co., Mis'i. : on Pearl river, about 10 m. above its nunith, 141 m. S. by E. dackson. Pearl Valley, p. o., Neshoba co., J//.y,s'. .■ ahoiu 3 m. N. of Pearl r, 69 m. N. E. by E. Jackson. Pea Vine, p. o.. Walker county, m. wide. It is separated from Soulhold harbor by Little Hog Neck, and contains Bobbins' island, E. of its centre. Little Peconic bay is its more western portion, extending inland 4 or 5 m., and receives from that Peconic r., which is navigable for sloops to Rivcrhead. Pecos river, Al Mer. : the main N. tributary of the Rio Grande; rises in the fible-lands E. of Santu V'i\ and flows in a S. S. E. course through the valley between the Guail.a- loupe Mountains and Sierra Blanea 5(J0 m., to its confluence with the Rio Grande. Pedee, p. v.. Cedar co., /(/. ; 1" m. E. Iowa City. Pedee rivers, Great and Little, *S'. Cur.: Great Pedee r. rises in the N. W. part of X. Car., and is called Vadkin r. until it enters S. Car., through which it flows, in a S. S. E. course, into Winyaw bay, an inlet from the Atlantic. It is navigable '2110 ni. for boats of GO or 7u tons. Little Pedee r. rises in S. E. part of A'. Car., ane lea bank of the 111 nol^ Mm. N. Springfield. It is 1S2 m. from the mou.h of" ;. and largely engaged in ^'PP'-'f '"-^ "f'^^t pru,lucls of an extensive and fertile d.str.ct for the K ^„d h market.. Though commerce is the leading interest, its man "f ctures are ra;idly ittcreasing, and must soon be of g«^. importance. It contains an academy, several »'eam flonrmg aui saw mills, about 40 stores and warehouses, and 2^00 inhabit:mts. Twoweeklynewspapers,the''TazewellM,rror (whig) and "Illinois Keveille" (dem.), are pubhshed here. Pek N p V. and sta., Niagara co., N. Y. : on the Eoehes- ter Lo^porl, and Niaga- FaUs K. E., 10 m. W. of Lock- port, 259 m. W. by N. Albany. v,,„tfnrl pLiis, p. o.. Jessamine co., Ky. ; 26 m. S. E. F ^W"/'- Pekih p. v., Carroll co., Ohio: on Sandy cr. and the San- duskv and Beaver Canal, 107 m. E. N. E. Columbus PKKiN, p. o., Jackson co., Tenn. : 57 m. E. Nashvdle PEK1N-, p. V. and sla., Washington CO., /«< . .-on L.ck cr of Great Blue r., 81 m. S. Indianapolis. It is 24^m. N. of New Albany, on the New Albany and Salein L.I.. PviHAM 1 and p. 0., Westchester Co., JV". 3.- on l^ng Isfand "und, m m. S. Albany. Drained by Eastchester or flowing into Eastchester bay. Surface mostly level sol'l sandy, but well tilled. The New York and New Haven E. E. crosses the N. part. Pop. o.7. -„ „ w nf Peiuam t. and p. v., Hampshire co., J/iM.- ..3 m. W. of Boston Drained'hy swift and Fort r.ers, which furn.sh n>ill-sites. Surface high and uneven ; soil of average qual- Uv Asbestos is found, and springs conlainmg tron and sul- phur. Building stone is abundant. P°P- "/ ^ ';"^;. „„ „ Pelha,., t and p. o., IliHsboro' county, A. m«P 38 m S S E Concord. Drained by Beaver r., an affluent of the Metrmar Surlace broken; soil ferlde on the streams "g and graz-mg are the chief occupations. Population "'pEutlt, p. 0., Grundy co., T^nn. : 76 m. S. E Nashville. PE^r; v., Marion eo., la. : on a fine upland, equj-d.s- tant from the Des Moines and Skunk nvers, ,2 "-^^ -bJ ». Iowa City. A colony of Hollanders, mider President Schaulter, has settled here. PELTOSV1L1.E, p. v., Steuben CO., N.\.: about 2 m. w. ofCrookedlake, I Sim. W.Albany. ,,,,.„.„ PEMAPtTMCOoE lake, m : lying in the E. part of Piseata- ouis CO., is a large body of water, of irregular shape, sur- Znded by some of the best timber-land in the State, and affords excellent transportation for the ramber, etc PEMAQtiD, p. o., Lincoln co., Me. ; near the Atlantic coast, 'V"m— ,1"a"mrp. v., Burlington co., ,r. Jer. : 17 m. « ^E Trenton. Drained by branches of Eancocus er ;:h A furnish water-power. Surface moslly-^^level ; soil Tandy loam of good quality. The v. is on the N. branch of hel and eonlains a furnace, cotton factory severa mills and st;res, and about SOO inhabitant^^ Pop. of t. 2 806^ PEMnEHTOS, p. v., Goochland CO., \^rg.: 27 m. W. N.W. "^tZt county, Minn. Ter. Situate N., and eonUams 41 000 sn m This large county lies between lat. 47° and 490 and expends from the Missouri and White Earth river, on'the W to the Mississippi, which in part forms Us E. SLdary. The ^^^^^-;^j::j^':z::^zX:^^ S™:lw::::e;~"— -fquaremn.. Westward of this is tho height of land dividmg the water, 650 of the MissLssippi flowing 9. from those of the K'-hI r. of he N., the latter of which passes through the county rom the S .and falls into Lake Winnipeg above the national bound- ary The extreme W. is drained by numerous affluents of the Missouri. Little is known of this far northern region except of the immediate banks of the Eed fiver, where, at Pembina, are located the followers of Lord Selkirk. 1 he county is well wooded, and the soils, '^'h'''-'^ ,f •"™™' "^^ been made, are found to be very fertile, but the short sum- mers and long winters must ever prevent the dense popu a- tion of the country, so long as there is room to spare m ... milder climates and flue lands of the more gemal boulh. Farms 17; manuf. 0; dwell. 18S, and pop.-wh. 1,1..4, fr.col.O-tolall,m. Ca/;<(«(; Pembina. PE.MBmA, p. v., and cap. Pembina co., Mmn.Ter. on K bank of Eed r. of the N., at the N. boundary lino o the State 8.34 m N. N. W. St. Paul. This setllement conlams UDWilrd of 1,000 population, principally persons of mixed llidian and white blood, who subsist chiefly by agr.cullmre and hunting. There is a Catholic ehm-ch in which to ac- commodate the varied population; sermons are preached in English, French, and Chippeway. ,„„„qw PE.MBROKE, t. and p. 0., Chrisuan co., Ky- : 166 m. S. W. by W. Frankfort. „ Pembboke, t. and p. v., Washington co Jfe/ on the N side Cobscook bay, 136 miles E. by N. Augusta. Surface varied ; soil fertile and well tilled. The coasling-trade and fisheries are leading interests. Pop. of L L''-- Pembboke, t and p. v., Plymouth coun >■, Jft.s. . 24 m. S S. E. Boston. Drained by branches of North r., wh h .irord good power. The r. is deep, and navigable mto ll e r and ship budding is carried on extensively along its c^ur^e. In the S. are several ponds. Cotton goods, iron castings, cabinet-ware, etc., are manufactured. The v. con- tains an academy. Pop. of t. 1,3S8. Pembboke, t. and p. v., Merrimac co.. If. Bump, i m S. E. Concord. Bounded W. by the Merrimac, and b by the Suneook, which supply water-power. Surface pleas- antly diversified; soils various, mostly fertile and on the rivers very rich. The Portsmouth and Concord E. E. pai«es a ion ' «^ Merrimac. The v. extends about 8 m. parallel toih^t r.,and contains a large and flourishing academy. Pop. of 1. 1,732. „ FCMBBOKE, t. and p. v., Genesee county, A. ^-Jf^- W by N Albany. Drained by Tonawanda cr. which lil^ se;eral falls. Surface even or undulating ; so, clayey loam, "'pi^toKE, p. o.,GUes county, T.r,.: 163 m. W. by S. "^ PEMicEtASBKrr river. ^ ITan,p. : .he principal eonstila- en^ream ofMcrrimae r., rises in the White Moiintains, °'„ Fra-onia, and flows in general S. course to its jnn- ,i™ in Franklin t. with WinnipUeogee r., there forming the "pltcox rountv. Mo. Situate S. E., and contains about 800 to m Drained by White Water r. and its branches m ?he N W porlion. Surlace low and level ; a large portion w.m,m ind unfit for cnltivation; soil is ferlde where 'c'u, ,v' S';,;" alpted to grain. It produces abundantly ;t:. :o;n, fruifs, L., -d has some goiidtimer^d. ^t contains some minerals and good cal-be.ls. In the S. w W Lake Pemiscot, occupying a large portion of the co. The l^^^^ bounds it on the E. A new county since 18o0. Ca»i««(; Little Prairie. PE^ATA«i-.T r^o.,^i.firo,k^o ^^ r^ on .he W. line 1 , ne en- soil clavev, in parts marshy, and mo,lcrately ;;duTr The Pwiaddphra, Wilmington, and Baltimore PEN PEN R. K., the New CasOe and FronchtowTi R. R., and the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal pass through it. Pendaevis' Stoke, p. c, Wayne co., Ga.: 1-15 m. S. E. by S. Millerary. Pop. about SOU. Penkibld, p. v., Kane co., JIL: on the right bank of Fox r., at the entrance of Big Rock cr., 142 m. N. N. E. Springileld. Pemtrld, t. and p. v., Monroe county, K. Y.: 1S7 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Irondequoit cr., emptying into Irondi'y \ irginia and Oliio. With a length from east to west of 315 miles, and a breadth, exclusive of the strip of land jutting toward Lake Erie, of 160 miles, its area covers a surface of 46,000 square miles. Pennsylvania, with the exception of Virginia, is the only State which stretehes quite across the great Appalachian sys- tem of mount,ains, and is thus naturally divided into three strikingly distinct regions— the eastern or Atlantic slope, the tentral or mountain region, and the western, or Ohio and Erie tabledand. The principal mountain chains definitely traceable in this Stale are as fiMows ; 1 The South Mountam cuter* it from New Jersey, between Northaui|)io]i and r.u.ks counties, and arter being inlcr- PENNSYLVANIA. rupted by the Schuylkill above Pottstown, and by the Susquehanna near the southern border of the Stale, it passes into Mar>'lnn(I. 2. The RIuc Ridge enters Pennsylvania below Easton, where it is pierced by the Delaware ; pursuing a aoiith-westeriy direction, it is interrupted by the Schuylkill at Rt-ading. by the Susquehanna below Harrisburg, and pjisses out of the State between Adams and Franklin counlies. The clevatiou of the former ridge nowhere exceeds 1,000 feet, and that of the latter is somewhat more elevated. 3. The Blue Mountain, or Kiltatinny. also enters this State from New Jersey, and is broken by the Delawar.' at Water Gap, furlh*^T w^est by a pass called the Wind Gap, by the Lehigh, by the Schuylkill above Harrisburg, and by Ihc i^usque- hanna five miles above Harrisburg. It then passes between Franklin and Bedford counties into Maryland. Its eleva- tion in Pennsylvania varies from SOO to 1,500 feet above the sea level. Between the Ivittutinny Mountain and the north branch of the Susquehanna River, a distance of about 35 miles, is the great anthracite coal region. 4. The Broad Mountain, which lies iu the intervening space between the Kiltatinny Mountain and Susquehanna, forms a less conlinuous but more elevated chain than the last mentioned. It is continued south-west of the Susquehjinna by the Tnsearora Mountains, whieh are pierced by the Juniata between Mifflin and Perry counties, and passes into Murylaud a little west of the Kittiilinny chain. 5. Sideling Uill forms a well-defined ridge from the Maryland line to the Juniata, on the south-west corner of Mittliu County. 6. The next well-defined chain is the Alleghany Mountain, which forms the dividing ridge between the Atlantic haaln and the Valley of the Ohio. It is thercft>re (he height of land between those two basins, although its summits t\o not rise to so great an elevation above its base as do those of Broad Mountain above the base of that cliain. The Alleghany rises in Bradford County, is pierced by the north liraneh of the Susquehanna below Towanda, traverses Lyeoming County, where it crosses the west branch of the Susquehanna, and pursuing a southerly course, separates Huntingdon and Bed- ford from Cambria and Somerset counlies. Westward of the Alleghany chain, and on the Ohio table-land, two well-defined chains cross the Stale from north to south, in a direction nearly parallel to that of the first-mentioned, under the names of (7) the Laurel liidge, about iwenty- five miles west of the Alleghanies; and (S) Chesuut Ridge, ten miles farther west. Neither of these chains is very ele- vated. Though in some places rude and rocky, many of these mountain ranges consist of gradually rising swells, cnliivaied to the summits, and the whole mounUiin region is interspersed with highly beautiful and produetive valleys, some of which are of considerable extent and under an excellent system of culUvatiou. The eastern and western parts of the State arc generally level, or agreeably diversified with hills and vales. Every part of Pennsylvania is well watered, and abounds in rivers, streams, rivulets, and brooks ; but some of the rivcra are so mueh obstructed that they serve rather as canal feeders than as navigable channels. The Delaware, that rises in the Kaalskill Mountains in New York, and bathes the eastern border, may yet be consid- ered as belonging to Pennsylvania, from which it receives its principal tributaries. Pursuing a southerly course, and piercing the Kiltatinny and Blue Ridge, the Delaware meets the tide 1.30 miles from the sea at Trenton, to which place it is aceessiiile for sloojis ; at and above that point the navigation is impeded by a fall and shoals. Large sliips ascend lo Philadelphia, about 40 miles below Avhich it expands into a broad bay. Its whole course is about 320 miles in length. The numerous canals connected with various points of the coal region, and uniting its waters with those of tlie Hiilsou, the Karitan, and Chesapeake, have greatly increased its importance as a channel of trade. Its principal tributarns in Pennsylvania are the Laekawaxen, the Lehigh, and the Schuylkill, whieh rise in the anthracite region. The Schuylkill has a course of about 130 miles, aud is navigable for vessels of above 300 tons lo Philadelilhia, six miles bek>w which it falls into the Delaware. The Susquehanna is the principal river of Pennsylvania in point of size, but it is so much broken in its course by rapids and bars as to afford little advantage to navigation without artificial aid. It rises in Otsego Lake, in the State of Is'ew York, and flowing in a circuitous but general southerly direction, nearly parallel wiih the Delawjire, it reaches the Chesapeake 4'10 miles from its source. Its principal tributaries are all from Ihe right— they are the ITnadilla and Che- nango, in New York ; and the Tioga or Chemung, tlie West Branch, and the Jimiata, in Pennsylvania. The mwever, is inflicated in its composition. The beds and veins of anthracite range from north-east to south-west, s. The veins have the indinaUon of the adjacent strata of graywacke, with which they are often alternate, usually between 20° to 45*^. In a few places they are horizontal and vertical. The beds and vtins of anthracite have narrow strata of dark colored, fine grained, argillaceous ."^chist for the roof anrthem and southern sections of the country. The south-eastern part, in which Philadelphia is situated, has a changeable atmosphere, and the annual extremes are great. Among the mountains and in the northern counties, it is more settled, but much colder, particularly in the winter season. To the west of Ihe Alleghanies the weather is generally milder than to the eastward, owing principally to the prevalence of south-east winds. The annual mean temperatures of Pliiladelpliia and Pillsburg are almost similar, althongli varied in distribution through the year, from local causes. The temperature of Philadelphia during the year varies from 9'?° to 6° Fahr., and at ritlsburg the extremes are 94^ and 10°. The winters and summers are decidedly marked, but the spring is short, variable, and uncertain. The fall, however, is the pleasante-'*t part of the year, and the weather in that season, though sometimes interrupted by excessive heat, is serene and delightful. The Slate, on the whole, is considered one of the most salubrious on the continent, and life Is of more than average duration. It is also higiily favorable for agricultural pursuits. The great extent of limestone Djrmation in Pennsylvania assures to the soil fertilify and productive strength, and though extending over so large a surface, it is, in the main, of excellent quality. The anthracite region, however, which is com- posed chiefly of a rugged surface, is forbitlding and sterile. Many of the mountains admit of cultivation to their siunmits, and the valleys between them are often of a ricli soil, suited to the various kinds of grass and grain. West of the mountains the soil is a deep mold, equal in fertility to the best lands of America. To the cast the soil is also excellent, and everywhere is the Stale abundantly watered by fine streams and rills of living water. The natural growths vary with locality and elevation, but do not differ in their character from those of other portions of the middle Atlantic region. The trees most comrnnn in the forests are beech, hemlock, and sugar maple, the oak, hickory, and elm, chestnut, mulberry and locusL The wild plum and crab apple grow in abundance, and grape-vines are commou. Every description of 655 PENNSYLVANIA. fruit ami garden vegetable is cultivated. Wild animal?, as the cougar, wolf, etc., still haunt the uncultivated parts, but moat of these bave been extirpated by tlie onward march of civilization. Pennsylvania is divided into 63 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : Eastern Pennbtltania— 21 counties. Counties. Dwell. _ „ Farms ^"P- in eult. Manuf. E>tib. Ard . 954..0rwigsburg Bethany York . 200, . 633 ■Western Pekkstlva>-ia — 42 counties. Capitals. .Pittsbtirg .Kittaning . Beaver .Bedford . IloUidaysb'g .Towanda . Butler . Ebensburg . Beliefonte . Clarion .Clearlield .Lockhaven . Bloomsbnrg .Meadville .Ridgeway .Erie .Uniontown .ITarrisonville . Waynesboro' .Huntingdon . Indiana Counties. Jefferson Juniata Lawrence Luzerne Lycoming Mercer Mifflin Montour M-Kean Northumberrd P.ilter Somerset Sullivan Susquehanna.. Tioga Union "Venango Warren Washington. . . Westmoreland. Wyoming Dwelt. 2,258.. 2,108.. 3,087.. 9,687., 4,5S6.. , 5,402.. 2.591 . . 2,289., 9.'i3. 4,062. 1,135., 8,969.. 060. , 5,208.. 4.222. . 4,455.. 8,065. 2,489. 8,045. S,.350. 1,834. Pop. 13,518. 13,0-29. 21,079. 56,072. 26.257. 33,172. 14,980. 18,239. 5,254. 23,272. 6,045. 24,410. 8,694. 28,688. 23,987. 26,083. 18,310. 13,071. 44,939. 61,726. 10,655. Farms incnlt. Mannf Kstal,. Capitals. .1.670. 232. .Brookville . S32. 68. .Mifflintown .1,606. 49. .New Caslle .1,936. 175. .Wilkesbarre .1,561. 2,32. .WiUiamsport .2,989. 150. .Mereer . 787. 102. • Lewistown . 738. 89. .Danville . 240. 40. .Smilhport .1,743. 153. .Sunbury . eos. 55. .Coudersport .1,018. 88. .Somerset . 425. 26. . Laporle .3,909. 822. .Montrose .2,1,83. 2-25. Wellsborough .1,597. 160. .New Berlin .1.730. 72. .Franklin .1,207. 216 . Warren .3,572. 247 .Washington .4,018. . 6S0 .Greensburg . 895. . 59. Tunkhannock The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 380.216, of families 408,497, and of inliabilants 2,311.786, viz., whites 1,130,050— males 539.294, and females 500.762 ; fr. col. 40,007— males 18,3.52, and females 21.665. Of the whole population there were iluiif iind (liimii—v/h. 9S6, fr. col. 18— tolal 1,004; Uincl—yih. 793. fr. eol. 31— total 829; inmne—wh. 1,842, fr. col. 49— total 1.891 : and idiotie—vih. 1,836, fr. col. 62— total 1,443. The number of free persons born in Uie United Stales was 2,014,619 ; the number of foreign birth, 294,871 ; and of birth unknown, 2,296. The jiutive population originated as follows: Maine 1,167, N. Hamp. 1,175, Venn. 4,632, Mass. 9,330, E. L 1,946, Conn. 9,260, N. York 58,835, N. Jer. 29,117, Pennsylvuma 1,844,672, Del. 12,552, Ind. 21,013, Dist. of Col. 767, Virg. 10,410, N. Car. 409, B. Car. 559, Ga. 170, Flor. 21. Ala. .87, Miss. 101. La. 187, Tex. 17, Ark. 10, Tenn. 158, Ky. 497, Ohio 7,729, Mich. 224, Ind. 899, III. 82:3. Mo. 220, la. 70, Wise. 45. Cidif. 3, Territories 2 ; and the foreign population was composed of persons fr.im- England 33,043, Ireland 151,723, Scotland 7,292, Wales 8,920, Germ.any 78,592, France 4,0'3, Spain 101, Portugal ;34, Belgium 126. Holland -257, Turkey 2, Italy 172, Austria 49, Switzerlanil 914, Eussia 139, Denmark 97, Norway 27, Sweden 133, Prussia 413, Greece 7, Cliina 1, Asia 42, Africa 40, British America 2,500, Mexico 42, Central America 4, S. America 88, West Indies 066, Sandwich Islands 3, and other countries 361. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State taken by the United States authorities : Colcred Persons. Decennial Increase. Census "Lite i ^ » Total t *— * Yfais. l'er^,,ns. Free. Slave. Tulal. Population. Numerical. Percent. 1790 424,099 0,8.37 3,737 ]0,.574 4.-31.37S - — — 1800 686,093 14,601 1,700 16,267 6»-2,3l!5 167.992 38.7 1810 786,804 22,493 795 2.3.287 810.091 207.720 84.4 lS-20 1.019,045 80,202 211 30,418 1,049,458 2-89.867 29.0 18:30 1,309,900 37.930 403 38,833 1,343,2:58 298,775 2S.4 1840 1,676,115 47,8.54 64 47,918 1,724,033 376,800 27.8 1850 2,253,463 53,228 — 53,223 2,811,786 .587,758 84.1 The statistics of the prodnotions, manufactures, general industry, and institutions of Uio State, according to the censu» of 1350 and other offleia! returns referring to the same period, are as follows : Ocaiipied /.» n '/s, etc.— Improved farm lands. 8,6-23,019 acres, and attached lands unimproved, 0,294,728 acres— together vidued at 1:407,876,099. Total number offarms in cultivation on the 1st June 18.50, 127,677— in Eastern Pemisylvania 50,173, and in Western Pennsylvania, 77..899. Value of Hirming implemenls and machinery, $14.722,.541. Zlve-Slaci; ete.— Horses, 350,398 ; asses and mules, 2,259 ; milch cows, 632,234 ; working oxen, 61,527 ; other cattle, 656 PENNSYLVANIA. B6'2,1il5; shoop. l.P2'2,sr)7, ami swine, l,04l),aC8. Aisresale value of live-slnck, $41. .100,053. Comii.nrod with Ihe slock owned in the Stale according to the ceiiaus of 1S40, the Ibllowing results are obtained : stock. imn. 1S'.0. Movemfnl. Horses I ,r,,,..n ,,„„,, ( 850.39Sheadi ,,,-,, , , I ., , f JWjl.Jlicaa ■, t ,/(,„. 12 472 head, or 3.4 per cent. As.ses and Mules I ( 2.2;^H j i > i MileliCows 1 I ,532.224 " ) Worliing 0.\en V1,ir2,CCo " < i;t,."i27 " !• deer. 10,719 " or 1.4 " Oilier Cattle ) I r)i52,l!l.i " ) Olher Cattle Sheep 1.707.C20 " 1,S22.35T " i;lco(/«c(.'in/'.4«;Mi/fc.— Wool, 4,481,570 pounds; liutler, .39,878,418 pounds; and cheese, 2,505,0.34 pounds. Value of animals slauirlitered diirin;! Ihe year, $-i,2I9..848. The qnanlily of wool npnru-d in the enisus of IMli was 3,018.564 pounds, and hetiee Ihe increase of producli')n lias been 31.9 per eenl. ; and llie clip per slieep lias advanced from 1.72 in 1S40 to 2.40 pounds in 1S50, or at Itie rale of 4^3 per cenlunt in Ihe decade. Griiin Crops. — The erojis, according to the returns of 1^40 and l^.'JO comparaliveiy, are as follows: Crop.), IS4fl. ■Wheat 12,21.3,1177 bushels . live 0.01.3,873 " Indiancorn 14,240,022 " Oats 20,041,819 " Barley 219.893 " Enekwlieat 2,113,742 •' isso Mov.'nit* 15,307.091 bushels . . . . iner. 2.154,014 bush ■Is or 10.3 4.8.5.100 " .... iJecr. 1.80S713 " or 27,3 19,8::.5.214 " .... hicr. 5.59.5,1 92 " or 39.3 21,.5:N.1.50 " .... iiicr. 1,193,395 " or 5.8 1C5.'84 " .... ilecr. 44,309 " or 21.1 2,193,692 " .... incr. 79,950 " or 3.7 dec/ 27,393 lbs., or 55.3 Idea .292,041 lbs., or 4.9 ilirr 611.770 lbs., or 2.7 inei 11,202 (jals,, or 78.0 Oth^'f Fp r«'tiirrieil in the census of 1S40 amounted to l(,o35.0i)3 bushels ; and hence the decrease uf pruJueliun hi tlie deea.r>2r) pnnnds ; molasses, 5ti,()r)2 gallons ; bec's-wax anrl honey, S3^,509 pounds; wine, 25,500 frallons. ete. Value of orehard prudin-ts, $723.3S9; and nf market- garden proiliu-ls, $0SS,714. Tlie nmre importimt of these several crops, compared with tlic like crops returned by the census of 1S40, uxhibil the folluwitiy; resull-s : Crnps. IfiJO. [SSI. Mnvempnt- Tobacco S25,01S lbs 91-2.051 lbs 27(cr. 5=;7,633 lbs., or ISO.S per cent. Hay 1,311.043 tons l,S42.97ii tons f/((V. 531 327 tons, or 4n.5 " Hops 49,4S1 lbs 22,08S lbs Hemp — dew-rolteil i / 2s'2 tons " water-rolled J- 2,G495 tons-< 2,000 ln ih<- 1st dune. 1S50, 22.030— in Ihe ea.Merti district 13,SS2, ,and in Ihe we.-^terrL district «.154. Of Ilie tntal number of cslablishments 2riS were cotton factories, 3>;a woolen factories, and 631 iron-works, viz., 820 manufacturing castings, ISO pig iron, and 131 c:ist iron. The number of tanneries was 1.039. In the manufacture of roftori the capital invented amonnts to $4,52*^.925: material ant7.T^0 bush«ts. oats 24,990 bu-'^hcls. apples 51.200 bushels, molasses 10 hogsheads, and hops 203 tons; hands employed. Oil; rinaniities of liquor p roi luce d— ale, etc.. 1S9,5^1 barn-Is. whisky and high wines 6,54S.S10 gallons, and rum 1.500 gallons. The census of iJvlO returned l.Olu distilleries, prnducin-j; 6,240,193 gallons of spirits; and ^7 Im-weries, producing 12.705,974 gallons of ale, etc. ; hands employed. 1.0O7 : capital invested, $1,589,471. New York and <»hi" produce more spirits, and New York alone more ale, etc., than Pennsylvania. C5T PENNSYLVANIA. The statistics of tlie ir&n manufacture are exhibited in the annexed table :* Capital invested duUars Ore Msed tons Pig Iron usen. Cni-lings. 8,670,425 3,422,924 . . . 877,263 — — — 09,501 1C3,7«2 — 819 — — — 20,405 81G.0G0 49,223 825,967 27,505.186 276.855 8,939,993 Toul. 19,613,415 S7 7.283 23:j,20.3 819 20,405 6[11.2.")5 31.722,039 3,782,427 2,872,467 6,4SS,.'m U,5'J8.2S5 9,285 4,7t:2 6,764 20,S31 9 1 7 IT 201,039 131,744 187,227 520,010 46 6 53 Iii5 285,702 57,810 182,506 526,018 40.000 601,160 219.500 920,660 6,071,513 5,3.54,851 8,902,907 20,329,301 — about two-thirds of the aggregate capital is employed in Eastern Pennsylvania, and one-third in Western Pennsylva- nia. In 1840 there were in the State 213 establishments, manufacturing annually 98,395 tons of cast-iron, and 169 bloomeries, forges, and rolling mills, manufacturing 87,244 Ions of bar iroij; total fuel consumed, .355,903 tons; hands employed, 11,522, and capital invested in the manufacture, $7,781,471. The counties having the largest interest in the iron trade in 1850 were AUegliany, Armstrong, Lancaster, Chester, Berlis, Clarion, Columbia, Blair, Huntingdon, and Luzerne — in these ten counties more than one-half the invested capitid is employed. Of the sixty, two counties of the Stale, forly-ftvo contain iron-worlis, and of the remaining seventeen, nine abound in iron and coal, so that only eight can be regarded as not suited to the manufacture of iron. The following will exhibit the relation the iron manufacture of Peunsylvauia holds to that of the whole Union : Pis Iron. Cast Iron. Wrnuelil Iron. Totnl. Capital in Pennsylvania $8,570,425 ;.. $3,422,924 $7,620,066 $19,61.3,415 " " United Slates 17,846,425 17.416,361 14,495,220 49,252,006 Proportion in Pennsylvania 49.4 p. c Eaw material, fuel, etc., in Pennsylvania $3,732,427 " " " in United States T,0(J5,289 Proportion in Pennsylvania 63.3 p. c Iron made in Pennsylvania — tons 285,702 " " in United States " 564,755 Proportion in Pennsylvania 55.6 p. Value of total products in Pennsylvania $6,071,513 " " " in United States 12,748,777 19.6 p. c .... 62.6 p. c .... .... 89.8 p. c. $2,.3r2,46T .... .... $5,483,391 .... .... $11,593,233 10,346,.355 .... .... 9,695,109 .... . . . . 27,049,753 22.9 p. c .... 86.6 p.c .... .... 42.8 p.c 57,510 .... 182 506 .... 626,013 822.745 .... 278,044 .... .... 65.9p. c .... 1.105,514 17.9 p. c . . . . 4,5.1 p. c. $5,.354.SS1 .... .... $3,902,907 .... .... $20,329,301 25,108.155 .... .... 16.744,074 .... .... M.601,006 Proportion in Pennsylvania 47.6p.c 21.3 p.c 53.2 p. c 37.4 p. c. Besides the above manufactures, Pennsylvania has many others, which, though neither so extensive nor valuable, are very important in their bearing on the interests of the commonwealth. It is conspicuous for its manufacture of railroad machinery and carriages, its extensive cabinet-ware manufactures, and numerous other crafts, whica in the aggregate employ the vast capital indicated by the late census returns. As a manufacturing State, indeed, it is only less important than New York and Massachusetts. Its great manufacturing centres are Philadelphia in the east and Pittsburg in the west, and there are also extensive manufactures carried on in the towns on the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers, and others in the interior. If Pennsylvania is mentioned as the great producer of coat and iron, it is only because those inter- ests are paramount, and eclipse minor ialeresls which in the aggregate are really as valuable and important. * The table fciven above ia from the census of ISjO. A ttdler and more elaborate series of tabular statistics on the iron manu- facture of Pennsylvania ia published iu "HurtVs McrchanW Miiyazitui" for November, 1851, to wbich tliose interested in the sub- iect are directed. The following is a compend of the article referred to, which, though difleriug somewhat in its results from the census ascertainments, is nevertheless of great value : FtTENACES. Prod'ct Ijarffest in laiSl. Prod'ct. Tons. Tons. ....109.168 151.331. .... 4o.;Bli 77.860. Descript'n of Wks. ^ TAnthracite Sc Blast g Charc'li Hot Blast ^i .. t Cold Blast S 1 H [ Total Eastern Dist. Condifn. In. Out ... 29 23.. ...31 36.. Annual Can'city. Tons. ...221.t00.. .-.. 101.475.. Power Employed. ..27 33 69..i24 29.(i97 62.231 ... 87 92 392.339 183.201 281.423.... 12.104 Jlen. Anim'Is. St'm. Watr. S..^tW. ....1223 2126 42 12 1.... ....4691 2199 6 53 9.... -.-3183 1830 4 6i 2.... Capital Invested. . S3.221.000 . 2.8(17.500 . 2.356.500 .6133.. ..61 119.. ..12.. „■ f Charc'I & Hot Blast .... 10.. g .. tColdBlast .... 49.. 2JRawBtm.Cl.kH.B 3.. 1| Coke Si Hot Blast.... -■■ ■' I, Total Western Dist. ....62.. . 9 29.2TO 11.966 16.659 1310. 713.. ..33 101.130 60.»i3 72.924 6:!53 3320.. .. 4 12.B)0 4.900 7-800 513 220.. .. 4 12.000 10,000 900 100.. ..51 137.900 67»l 107.333 8.078.. .4563.. rAnthrncite h Blast .... 29 23.-.. o Charc'I it Hot Blast .... 41 44.... = ! .. iCold Blast ....76 63... C-raach of industry to have been for the year ending 30lh June, 1S50, as follows: exports, $4,001. fji»; and imports, $I2,0GG,154. Of the exports, $4,049,404 was the value of domestic pro- ducts, and of this $3,42S,loO was thai of nierehandise carried in American and $G21.:314 of merchandise carried in foreign vessels, and $452,142 the value of foreign produce and manufactures, of uhich to the value of $363,225 was carried in American and $$^,017 was carriofi in foreign vessels. Of the imports, $10,795,462 was the value of those brought in American and $1,270,692 those brought in foreign vessels. The shipping employed in the carrying trade consisted of Enter^J. CI,MreJ. Tntil, Nntrnnnl.tv ofSl.iiM'.ns. AmiTii'an ... ForeigD Ve.iels. 862 .. 1S5 . . T.irM. .. 3-2,3iU .. .Men. . . 4,(1116 . ... 1.C90 . Ves..-h. . . . 31111 . . . . . . 170 . . . ... S1,-27S.. ... 30,342 .. .Mhh. ..3,-322 .. ...1,51G. .. GlU .. .. 365 .. •r.„i5. . ]Sl,2S,i... . 62,703... Hen. .. 7,32S .. 8,213 Total.... 6;;r.. . . 1.52,370 . . .. 5,T02 .. ...479 ... ...111,C1S .. ..4,SSS . .. 1,010 . . . 243,(ISS . . .. 10,640 Philadelphia is the only district in which foreign commerce is carried on. In 1S50 there wire owned in thai district 46.3SO tons of perinnuent registered shipping and 17,S20 tons of temporary- registered shipping, of which latter class 66 tons were navigated by steam. The distribution of the enrolled and licensed tonnage was u^ follows; Kiiriillpil ami I.iferiBeil. Licerncd iinJer EnrM. nnd lie. ton. Coi:»*rli..n I>i(tri.-t?. rerm,■>'■ f .1 by sleati ... 3,W4 15,476 ... — 5.;351 . . . 1,095 39,9S4 —total tonnage in Philadelphia district 206,499 tons; in that of Presque Isle 7,S70 tons, and in tliat of Pittsburg 44,571 tons — making for the State 257,9;i9 tons. During the year ending as above there were built in the Stale 1S5 vessels (21.410 lons>: 166 (7 ships, 1 brig. .34 schooners, 107 sloops and canal boat?, and 17 steamers), of the burden of 1S.150 tons at Philadelphia ; 1 schooner (22 tons), at Presque Isle, and IS vessels (4 schooners and 14 steamers— 3,23S tons), at Pittsburg. The statistics of the foreign commerce of the Slate from 1791 to the year 1S50, exhibit the following movements : Year. Exrort^. 1791 ... .. $3,4;!G,093 1792... . . 3,520,662 1793 ... 6,9.6S,S3G 1794... . . 6,643,092 1796 ... .. 11,618,260 179li... .. 17,513,806 1797 . . . .. 11,446.291 179S . . . . . S,916.4G3 1799 . . . .. 12,4:)1.9G7 ISOO ... .. 11,949,679 IMIl ... .. 17,438,193 1802 . . . .. 12,677,475 1S03 . . . .. 7,.62,5,710 1S04 . . . .. 11,0.30,167 1S05 ... .. 13.762,2,')2 ISOG . . . .. 17,574,702 1S07... .. 16,804,744 ISOS... . . 4,013,330 1S09... . . 9,049.241 ISIO... .. 10,993.393 Year. E.xports. 1811 ... .. $9,.i60,n7 1SI2 ... . . 6,973.750 1813... .. 3,677.117 1814 ... 1816... .. 4.593,919 1816 ... . . 7,196,246 1817 ... .. 8,735,592 1^18... . . 8,769.402 1819 ... . . 6.293,788 1>20 ... . . .5,748.649 1821 ... .. 7,391,707 1^22 .. 9,ci47,sii2 1823 ... .. 9,617.192 1824 ... . . 9,364,893 1-23... .. 11,260,981 1''26 ... .. 8,331.722 1827 ... .. 7,575,533 1828 ... . . 6,051,480 1829 ... . . 4,089,935 1830 ... . . 4,291,703 Imjirirls. 8,158,922 11.874,170 13,096,770 11,866,631 15,041,797 13„55I,779 11,212,935 12,534,408 10,100,152 8,702,122 YPir. 1831 . 1832 . 1833 . 1-84 . 1835 . 1836 . 1837 . 1838 . 1-30 . 1S40 . 1841 . 1842 . 184:3. 1.844 . 1S46 . 1S4G . 1847. 1848 . 1849 . 1850 . Export^'. Imports. $5,513,713.... $12,124,083 8,510.066 . 4,078,951 . 2,031,803 . 3,730,275 . 3.971.555 . 3,841,699 . S.477,161 . 3,299,415 . 6,820,145 . 6,152,601 . 8,770.727 . 2,354.943 . 8,.635,2flC . 3,574,363 . 4,751.005 . 8,644,391 . 5,732,833 . 6,3*3,421 . 4,501,606 . 10,67S,.35S 10,461,260 10,479,263 12.359,937 15,068,233 11,680,111 9,360,731 16,050,715 8,464,882 10.346.098 7,3S5,85S 2,7G0,C30 7,217,267 3,169,227 T,9S9,.396 9,587,510 12,147,584 10,645,500 12,006,154 InU'n'or Commrmication. — Pennsylvania has numerous magnificent works of internal improvement, on which an immense commerce is conOtictefi. The £:reat line of railrnad from Philadelphia to Piltsburi; is one of the lon£:est and most expensive lines in the Union, foriniiii; a road 357 miles Inns:; and another through line from Philadeljdiiu via Sunbury to Erie, on the lake of the same name, is in progress of construction, and, when finished, will no doubt form one District; of State. Eastern -. Western . ~ Total.. Eastern .. No. of Works. .... 109.. .... 3.. US.. . 4 . District of State. Eastern .. Western . District of State. No. of Works. No. of Korge Files. ...389... ... 6... ...Sill m.. ... 3 -. j,j„ Qf Largest Product. CHARCOAL FORGES. Product lSi9. H.,,n -LOUS. Tons. "''™- Klooins. Bar. Blooms. Bar. ll» 3'-'.737 eSSO 2J.3I9 3M6... 3 (total350) lew 100... Power Employed. Men. ..3tii>:i.. . 42... Anim'ls. St'oi. ...1377 2...- ... 13 - Capital "^ Invested. Wt'r. S.kW .104 3.. . 3 --. . .39.097. . .•il.4t9.. .4016.. FORClvS OTHER TTTAN CHARCOAL FOROES. 410 - — 69... 3107 ISiM... 12..-. ROLLtXG MILLS. Furmcps. No. of Train No. of Nail Piiddlg. Healing. Kolls. Rlacliiiiea. 66 347 ISl 106 WO.... 23 IW 128 80 .330.... Litrt'est Product, Product. 1SI9 . Tons. Tone. Jleu . 91.50S, . 72.132. Power Employed. Anim'ls. Sl'm. Wfr. S.SiW .. 5).73S 3618 511 22 31... 3.... .. 63.(i'J0 3010 lilO 22 I......... 2.012.300 14.000 Capital Invested. .$ 3.129.70O . :.425.."«0 ....1U3.730 108.368.... 6058 1121 44 32.. BLOCMEItlES. No. of Nil. of Works. Fires. No. of llauiri. Largest! Product. Tons. Product 1*19, Tons. Power Employed. Capital. Invested Men. Aiiiiuals. Water. 335 OT 10 6 $ 28.700 PENNSYLVANIA. of the mnsl profitable lines connecting the lakes with the sea-board. Other r.ailraa<]s connect Phila.kOpIiia with BaUirnore, and in the north-eysleru portion of the State there are numerous short railroads cnnnectJnfr the coal mines with nuvigatiop, or passing into tlie Slate of New York, furnishing an outlet for its mineral wealth in that dircelKin. M;iny other raiJr'>ads are in progress or cimtemplatt'd, all of which will connect with or intersect the trunk lines alren-ty built or provided for. The canals of this State are also magnificent works, and in their construction a great portion of the heavy debt of the Stale has been contracted. They follow generally the great vallejs of the interior, and in their courses acconnnodale an immense area of fertile and productive coimtry. These are slill incomplete, but evt-ry year is adding to their length and consequent value, nor can it be any long period before they will yield a revenue commensurate to the outlay that their construction has demanded. [See statistics of railroads and canals in Appendix.] Banks, ^(c— The number of banks in the State, in November, 1S50, was 46. and 5 branch banks. The financial con- dition of these, at that period, was as ftjllows: Liftbilitieji — capital, $17,701,206; circulation, $ll,T9^.9ri(j; deposits, $n,6S9,'212; due other banks, .$5.Sll.lo7, and other liabilities. .1;!)3,015; and ^a-^^As— loans and discounts, $yS.4-2:3.'274 ; real estate, $1,114.73S ; stocks. $;l,417,07o; due by other banks, $4,'2 14,174 ; notes of other banks, $2,57l),l;J9 ; specie funds, $2,737,665, and specie, $4,337,594. Govermnent^ etc. — The first constitution of Pennsylvania was adopted in 177G, the second in 1790, and the present, ■which was amended in 1S50, in 1333. The right of suffrage is given to every white free man, 21 years old, resident in the State for one year, and in his election district for ten days before the election, and who has paid within two years a State or county tax, assessed at least ten days before the election, but while free men. between 21 an*! 22 years old, being citizens of the United Slates, need not have paid a tax; and qualified voters, who are citizens of the United States, and who have removed from the State and returned, may vote after six months' residence. The general election is held on the second Tuesday of October annually. The legislature is composed of a ITouse of Representatives and a Senate. Representatives, not lc.cctive terms during good behavior, but for reason:dile cause, though not suflicient grounds for impeachment, the governor may remove them upon the address of two-thirds of each branch of the Legislature. Any vacancy is filled by appointment of the governor, the incumbent holding office until the first Monday in December succeeding the next subsequent general election. During the continuance in office, the judges of the supreme court must reside within the conunonwealth, and the other judges in the district or county for which they ■were elected. The supri^me court is compose $003,851 88. 1840 384.880 09. 184? 3*4.078 70. JS48 6'JII,890 85.. 1849 6.J7,'299 :;9, urI RereipTs, ....$.3,010,002 84.. .... 3.529.057 28.. .... .3.977.0'2o S9.. .... 3.8:31,776 22,, 4.4:1.3.058 65.. 1850 920,207 24 4,438,131 51, Tftttil Iteverme. ,$3,073,914 22 , 3.913,94:! 37 , 4,361,704 .59 . 4,512,007 07 . 5,010.979 04 . 6fJ64,3:3S 75 Tenrs. 1845 .. 1840 .. 1S17 .. 1848 .. 1849 .. 1850 . . DISDtJRSKMEXTS. Intere-l nn Loans. Pub. Impn.vements. T"IaI Expend. ..$1,784,182 05 $061,:!40 06 $:J.'289,028 13 1,981,6-43 77. 2,002.240 41. 2.005,740 79. 2.1>47,016 93, 694-505 12. 690,.575 95. 996.592 70. 951,249 O:!. . . .3.629.264 67 .. 3,6,80,813 74 . . 3,9.35,376 68 .. 4,084.771 SO 2,004,714 51 1,4^8,799 74 4,509,053 94 E'hicittion. — " Wisdom and virlite are qu.alities wliich, because they descend not with worldly inheritances, must be carefully propagated by a virtuous education of youth." Such was the senliiiient of the illustrious founder of this State; but allhough the principle of universal education was tlius authoritatively recognized at the e:irlieM period of lier history, no system of popular instruction in the commonwealth was attempted, nor common scliool fund eslabiishcd, until tlie 2d April, 1831. By a legislative act of that date, certain nione.vs, arising from the sale of lands and other sources, were set apart as a comm<^n school fund, at an interest of 5 per cent,, and this interest was directed to be added to tlie principal, until tlie proceeds shonld amount to $100,000 annu.ally. By a subsequent act (1st .\pril, 1834), the State was divided into districts, and $75,006 was ordered to be paid out of Ihe school fund, for the year 1835, and annually thereafter, to be dis- iriliuted among the several counties that should comply with the provisions of the said act, until the year when tlie fund should yield an interest of $100,000. Provision was al.so m:uie by this law for levying a tiix on the districts not /i.t'. Wlioie Wl.ole Wltole No. Apportiim't Tun levied Exp'd for Exu'd for acr,^|.t. p.niJ. report'd. to Jtccppling School- HHtruclion, nist's. )ng. Te.icliers. Sdiolars. Dislncu. Distruu. houses. fuel, etc. lS-35 9ii7 636 _ 156 702 SOS 82.644 $ - $ - » - $ - 1880 9ST 74S 603 573 8,384 3.394 139,004 98.070 207,105 111.308 193,972 1837 1,001 796 765 664 4,1189 4.841 182,855 403.749 231,562 202,230 493,071 1833 1,0(13 861 820 023 3,9.39 5,034 174,733 323.794 836,788 149,132 660,450 1S39 1.050 879 857 638 8,162 4,000 181.913 276,826 832,627 101,884 579,162 1840 l.OBO 879 867 633 3,1.';2 4,600 181,913 264,536 395.913 101,834 680,202 18« 1,07-2 903 885 734 5,179 0,080 227,699 249,400 897.953 123,004 5'34,S4S 1S42 1,113 905 905 861 6.116 7,494 281,086 260,066 398,760 119,006 439,372 1843 1,139 945 945 865 6,1.50 T,594 288,762 272,720 419,307 92,749 434,454 1844 1.172 939 939 840 5,993 7.585 2S3.4'12 264,520 891,340 75.918 470,223 1S45 1,189 1.012 1,018 901 6.690 8.031 327,418 192.S13 370.744 77,173 875,932 1S4G 1,246 1.067 1,050 994 7,096 8,468 829,805 186,417 406.740 60,900 430,475 1S4T 1.249 1,103 1,054 1.048 7,320 8,074 831,967 187,269 430,727 60,410 487.201 1S4S 1,330 1,330 1,129 1,073 7,846 9,090 3011,606 193,0-36 601,081 90 ,.539 505.505 1849 1,344 — 1,218 1,194 8,237 10,050 385,176 182,883 633,187 146.144 662,930 1850 1,837 — 1.273 — 8.610 10,907 424,344 186,768 768,422 253.741 009,377 The number of the schools in Ihe several counties, in 1S50, Tvas as follows : Adams 127, Alleghany 280, Armstrong 123, Beaver 111, lieilfi.nl 195, Berks 214, Bhiir 101, Bradford 312, Bucks 189, Butler 102, Cambria 102, Carbon 45, Centre 126, Chester 266. Clarion 119, ClearOelJ 83. Clinton 50, Columbia 171, Crawford 393, Cumberland 152, Dauphin 161, Delaware 69, Elk 25, Erie 271, Fayette 164, Franklin 172, Greene US, Huntingdon 108, Indiana 164, Jefferson 82, Juniata 63, Lan- caster .346, Lawrence — , Lebanon 123, Lehigli 123, Luzerne 2.52, Lycoming 146, M'Kean 61, Mercer 197, Mifflin 04, Monroe 70, Munlgomery 147, Norlhamiilon 143. Norlhumberland 91, Perry 116, Pike 87, Potter 65, Schuylkill 133, Somerset 144, Susquehamia 210, Sullivan 31, Tioga 178, Union 141, Yenango 144, Warren 120, Washington 220, Wayne 130, West- moreland 2(12, Wyoming 66, York 193. The ciiy and county of Philadelphia constitutes the first school district, but is not subject to the general school law. The direction of the schools is committed by law to 223 directors and 24 controllers, one each of the eleven sections into which the district is divided being governed by a separate board of directors, all being under the supervision of the Board of Controllers. Public schools were first established in the city in 1818. The whole number of schools in 1851 was 270, namely, the Centr-il High School, the Normal School, 63 grammar schools, 34 secondary schools. 142 primary schools, and 89 undassined ; number of teachers, 731 — 82 males, and 099 females; number of scholars, 48,060— males 24,503, and females 23.543. Besides these, there were 141 teachers in the evening schools. The sum expended during the year had been .t3e6,802, of which only $33,300 was distributed from the State appropriation, the balance ha\ ing been raised by taxation. Tlie principal universities and colleges, medical schools, theological seminaries, law schools, etc., in the State, and the statistics of each in 1850, were as follows : Name. I-ocntion. - Foinnled. Professors. Students. Alumni. Vols, in I-ih'y. University of Pennsylvania Pliiladelphia 17."j5 7 .. Dickinson College Carlisle 1733 8 . Jefferson College Cnnonslnirg 1803 8 . , Washington College Washington ISOO 8 . , Alleghany College Meadville 1B17 7 . Pennsylvania College Oettysburg 1832 7 . . Lafayette College Easton 1332 7 .. Marshall Mercersburg 1835 6 . . Theological Seminary (Lutheran) Gettysburg 18-25 2 . . Theological Seminary (Germ. Ki-f."). . . Mercersburg IS'25 2 . . Weslcm Theolog. Seminary (Presb.). . Alleg. Town 1823 2 . . Tlieolooiciil School (Assoc.) Canonsburg 1792 2 . WesliTu Theol. School (Cong. Unit.) . Meadville 1844 4 . Theological Seminary (Asso lief.) . . . Pittsburg 1323 S . Theolog. Seminary (Ref. Presb.) Philadelphia — 3 . Law Depart. Dickinson College Carlisle — 1. Medical Depart University Penn Philadelph ia 1705 7 . . 062 SS . . 179 . , 197 . . 187 . . 106 . 65 . 82 . 58 . 26 . IS . , 48 . . 83 . . 40 . , 85 . . 13 . .. 6,142 !5,000 .. 673 14,100 . . 1,000 10,000 441 . 144 . 163 . 101 . 155 . . 3,300 . 8.200 . 6,000 . 6,000 . 6,000 227 9.000 121 . 252 . 147 . C.ono 0.000 2,000 8,000 1,500 . 8,316 . PENNSYLVANIA. K nme. Jefferson MedioaJ College Mfiiifal Dfpart. Penn. College . College of Medicine Honia'iipaihie Medical College . Peniale Medical College College of Pliarniacy , riiiliuklpUia Fuunded. Pr ofes3or9. St idenla. Alumni lyJ4 .. 7 .... 514 ... .... 2,036 1S33 .. 7 . . .. 17G ... .... 73 Is47 .. 7 .... 75 . .. .... 260 1S4G .. 10 .... — ... _ 1S49 ,, 7 .... — ... _ 1S2-2 ... i .... — ... .... — Vols, inLibr'j'. Besides the schools and colleges above enunieraled, there are numerous academies, public and private, in every part of the State, scientilic inslitulions, and societies founded for tlie encouragement of literature and the arts. Girard Ctttlege, in Philadelphia, is a school for the education of orphans, and in its several departments highly efiicienL Church schools are also numerous^ and many of them in a highly prosperous condiiion. Pennsylvania, within tlie past ten or twelve years, indeed, has made great and wonderlul prngrew in its educational fuoililies, and now stands deservedly in the foremost rank among Stales which make education a primary necessity in their economy. PuJdic Libraries. — According to the lieport of the Librarian of the Snuthsonian Institute, there were in the State, in 1S51, the following libraries: one State library, 10,000 volumes ; 16 social, 125,:iSo volumes ; 10 college, 37,875 volumes; 12 students', 29,350 volumes \ 7 academic and jirofessional, 3S,300 volumes ; 5 scientific and historical, o3,-i78 volumes ; 29 public school, S,131 volumes; total— SO libraries, an«l 2S7.511* volumes. Perivflical Press.— 1\i.e whole number of periodicals published in the State of Pennsylvania on the 1st June, 1S50, was 82?!, and of these 96 were whig, 110 democratic, and 207 neutral in politicii; the latter class embraces thoso devoted to literature, religion, science, etc., and thoso the character of which was not ascertained. Of the aggregate number, 25 were published daily, circulating at each issue 152,07G copies, or 49,120,515 annually; 3 tri-weekly, 500, or 7S,000 annually ; 1 semi-weekly, 600, or 62,400 annually; 275 weekly, 5l>6,G42, or 27,3S'>,3S4 annually ; S semi-monthly, 130,800 or ;5, 139.200 annually; 12 monthly. 159,700, or 1,916,400 annually; and 2 quarterly. 1,900, or 7.600 annually ; total copies at each issue. 972,218, or 79,792.532 copies aninially. The counties in which published are as follows: iu Adams, 3 w. and 1 q. ; Alleghany (Pittsburg, etc.), 13 d., 2 t.-w., 20 w., 1 s.-m.. and 2 m. ; Armstrong an.l Ceaver, each 2 w. ; Bedford, 3 w. ; Berks, 9 w. ; Blair, 4 w. : Bradford, 3 w. ; Biicks. 7 w. ; Butler, Cambria, and Centre, each 3 w. ; Carbon, 2 w. ; Chester, 5 w. ; Clarion and Clinton, each 2 w.; Clearfield, 1 w. ; Cnlumbia, 3 w. ; Crawford and Cumberland, each 5 w. ; Dauphin, 1 d., 7 w. ; Delaware, 8 w. ; Elk, 1 w. ; Krie, 1 t.-w., 4 w. ; Fayette, 10 w. ; Franklin, 7 w. ; Fulton, 1 w. ; Grei_-iie, 2 w. ; Huntingdon, 2 w. ; Indiana, 3 w. ; JefTerson and Juniata, each 2 w. ; Lancasti-r, 10 \v., 1 m. ; Lawrence, 2 w. : Lebanon, 5 w. ; Lehigh, 5 w., 1 s.-m. ; Lucerne, 2 w. ; Lycoming. 4 w. ; M-Kean, 1 w. ; ML-rcc-r, 4 w. ; Mifflin and Monroe, each 2 w. ; Montgomery, 6 w. ; Montour, 2 w. ; Norlhanii>ton, S w. ; Northumberland, 4 w. ; Perry, 2 w. ; Phil- adelphia. 11 d., 1 S.-W., 38 w., 5 s.-m., 8 m.. 1 q., 1 an. ; I'ike, 1 w. ; Potter, 2 w. ; Schuylkill, 9 w., 1 m. ; Somerset, 2 w. ; t^usqnehanna, 2 w. ; Tioga, 4 w. ; Union, 7 w., 1 m. ; Venango, 2 w. ; Warren, 3 w. ; "Washington, 4 w. ; Wayne, 2 w. ; ■Wyoming, 2 w.; Westmoreland. 4 w. ; York, T weekly. Pdigionn Denominatiuna.—'Shc statislics of the several religious denominations iu the State in 1S50, were as stated iu the table annexed ; neiuiniiua No. iif Ol.i.nh Valn» or Penomina. N", of Clmr.-li Vnhip <.r Dfm.mina- > ... nf Cl.i.r.-h Val.ie at tu.iis. Cliur. liCT (iircm. PrM]i..rty. Ik. no. Ciiiirtestant Episcopal diocese of Pennsylvania, ami the lioman Catholic dioceses of Pittsburg and I*hiladel- phia. in the latter of which are also included West New Jersey and the State of Delaware. Paifperi.mt. — The whole number of paupers that received assistance or support during the year ending 1st June, 1S50, was 11,551, of which number 5,89S were native-born, 5.G53 foreigners ; and the whole number of paupers on the lists at the date specified was 3,S11, of which 2,654 were native-born, and 1.157 foreigners. Annual cost of support, $232,138. Jlixtoricid Sk'etch. — Pennsylvania is the only State of the Union which bears and transmits to future ages the name of a private individual. William Perm, the illustrious founder of Pennsylvania, a name given to the infant colony by Charles II., was the son of Admiral P<'nn, who in the year 1655 acquired distinction as a commander in the conquest of Jamaica, and in the war with the Dutch. At an early period of life, Pcnn had joined the Quakers, who began al)Out tlnit period to attract pul>lic attention, and it seems to have been the intolerance manifested toward the sect that first turned his mind toward America, He and some others purchased a large quantity of land in New Jersey, but becoming dissat- isfied, ho formed the design of acquiring a separate estate. The crown was indebted to his father's executors in the sum of about £16,000, and as an acquittance for this, a large tract was granted to him in severalty. His charter conveyed to him all that tract of country bounded on the east by the river Delaware, extending westward five degrees, anide, and another, resembling those established in the other provinces, was adopted. In October, 16S2, Pcnn. accompa- 663 PENNSYLVANIA. nied by about 2,000 settlers, arrived at New Caftle, on the Dclaviare. He had previ..usly a<-quired from the Duke of ^•urk a cmveyance of the land at present inelude.1 in the Slate ot Delaware. His first step on landing was to conrdke an assembly, 'which was held at Upland (now ealled Chester), in December, 16S1!. In a sh..rt session of three days, a c.mslilutinn'mi'dilyina that drawn up by IVnn in Ensland was adopted, and se^■e^al important laws p:,s»ed. Among other provisions, t'hatVerf principle, to an adherance to which the province owed much of its prosperity, was adopk-d, that " none ackno" ledainff one God, and living peaceably in society, should be molested for his oiiinions or iiracliee, r>r compelled to lr.inii-nt''or"mainlain any ministry whatsoever." Another principle of Penn's system, equally novel and praiseworlhv, regarded the irtatnient of the Indians. Soon after his arrival, he summoned them to a council, and trcat- jnc with them on an amicable and equid fooling, sis men and brethren ; obtained from them, in relurn f..r valuable pres- ents a cession of as much land as his exigencies required. The same course was pursued in his subsequent intercourse with them, and it was seen with surprise by mankind that kindness and good failh were a.s useful assisUmts as Ihe sword in the affairs of a colony. No one of the colonies made such rapid advances in prosperity as Pennsylvania. The salu- brily of the clim.ite, and the general fniilfulness of Ihe soil, had some intluence. but the moral attrachons pr,-d..nnnale.l. The persecutions at home drove thousands to a place where religious worship was free, and the prospect of enj..ymg equal ri-hls in civil matters, allraeted from the continent of Europe a vast number of industrious and nmral cmigranls. The city of PhiUadelphia was founde.l al an early period after the arrival of the first settlers, and Ihe second assembly of the colony was held at this place, in April, 10S:i. Among other imp.irtant laws adopted by this assembly was one abrogalnig the common law of England respecting descents, and distributing the estates of persons dy.ng mlestale among the children, Kivincr to the eldest son, however, a double share. The Kevoluliim in England produced »vernor. Notwithstanding the pacific disposition of the governor and people, and the general concor.lanco of Uieir opbnons, Pennsvlvania proved to be no Utopia for Ihe worthy proprietary. Bickerings about the eonstaut.on or the laws, or the manner of disposing of the lands, almost constantly existed. The charter had twice been altm-d but the colonists were still discrmtented. A third charier wa:! given them in 1701, which provided that the assembly should consist of deputies from each countv, and that it should have the right to originate, amend, or reject all bills; that the governor should nominate his own council, exercise the whole executive power, and have a negative on the proceedmgsol the assembly The delegates from Pennsylvania, assented to this constitution, but those from ■' the Three Lower Counties on the Delaware," as they were called, refused lo adopt it, and seceded from the assembly. From this period the 1 hreo Counties had a distinct assembly, though they were subject to the same governor as Pennsylvania. The eonslitu ion thus adopted continued in force until the Revolution. Penn died in 1718, at the age of 74 years. Since ns founding the st.a o that immorlalizcs his name, his life had been a uniform scene of vexation and disquiet. Ills private fortune had matenally suffered by his advances to promote the infant colony, and at one time he was compelled to submit to a temporary depri- vation of liberty He left, however, to his descendants an inheritance of great v.alue, which they enjoyed nnlil llie overlhrow of the British power, when the Commonwealth became the possessor, an.l, as an indemnification, granted them an ample sum of money. From the death of Penn the history of the colony is little more than a narrative of petty quar- rels between the propr etary governors and Ihe assembly. The chief subject of dispute arose from the lands ol the pro- prietary which i waswishei to exempt from taxation, to which other lands were liable. The a.,semhly resisted tho exempuon, and this disagreement frequently prevented the passage of necessary laws. In 1T49, an iniporlant treaty wa3 maTe with the Indians of the Six Nations at Phila.lelphia, in which, for goods of consider.able value, hey granted to the proprietary all the lands on the Susquehanna, south as far as the boundary of Pennsylvania, and nor h to the Kiltal, my So Bit Mountain. The whole Indian title to lands within the State was subsequently merged A arge portion of the inhabitants of Pennsylvania were Quakers, but notwithstanding their peaceful inclinations, tlic colony opposed vdl 1 as much zeal as her sister colonies, the arbitrary measures of the British government which led to the l.evohi ion. T fl^suongrcss of deputies from the States, and most of the subsequent sessions « -he same a, b - beld in Pn:M;^::^w:b^-;;;;.h;t the Declaration Of independence was adopted and proclahned. During a con del e part of the war the State was the theatre of hostilities. On the Declaral.on of Independeiice the pre. nnetary Government was abrogated, and the people, by their representatives, formed a new eonslilution. Ihe form of governmenradomi^ at this peLd ;as found, after the peace, to be liable to serious objection,. Two parlies then arose, fherepull, ans and the corstitutionalists-the former, desiring a ^^-^^'-^^ ^ ^'''^'^ '^''^'^^''''^^'^r^,^ exercised bv two branches and the executive invested in a single person, finally triumphed, and in 1,90, a conslmilion, im mr.o mat of th" united States, was adopted. In 1794, an insurrection broke out ^"^^'^ J^^'^^^^:::^ ooDosition to the law of the United States imposing a tax on spirits. From this, called tho ■« hisky Insn mchon, serC consequences were at first threatened, but by a happy union of firmness and lenity on the part of President Wi^luZne revolt was qnelled. In Northampton. County, in 1797, some deluded persons atlemp.cd U, resis he 1« of "he marshal, but the power of the laws again triumphed. In 1799, the public offices and the sittings of he Wish ur diich, from the settlement of the colony, had been held at Philadelphia, were removed lo Lancaster, and in isT- t ," y were t ansferred from Lancaster to Harrisburg, the present capital. From this period no conspicuous event o? hi'sm y '.^ transpired. The State, indeed, ha., g.me through many financial difflcnlties and for a time even lier con- d l ™ wL con de ed as a blot on the honor of the nation. The fair name of the State, however, has been redecuBcd andTheSebT which elrcumslances forced her to suspend, is now liquidated, interest having been rcgi.larl. paid fo many vear and the p neipal is being reduced by the operation of a sinking fund. The ,lay of her degradation indeed is p^'d and she n™ looms up among that glorious galaxy of states which circumscribes her boundaries, as one of tho most glorious and honored. ■.,,., =,„,„ Ua^eibbueg, on the left bank of the Susquehanna, is the political capital of the Slate. PENNT7I.LB, p. T., Jay CO., /«(?. ." CS m. N. E. Indianapolis. Penn Tan, p. v., and cap. Yates co., .V. l'. .• on the out- let 1 m. from the foot of Crooked lake, IGl m. W. Albany. It contains a court-house, jail, clerk's oflicc. an academy, 2 banks, several large warehouses and fl..uriiig-inills, numer- ous manufactories of castings, mechanical and agricultural .C64 implements, furniture, etc., and ^WX) inhabitants. The "Penn Tan Democrat" and "Yates County Whig" aro published weekly. Tho outlet descends li7il feet before reaching Seneca lake, and ftirnishes immense water-power. Crooked Lake Canal, S ni. long, follows the outlet, and con- nects the v., through Seneca lake, with the Erie Caual. PEN Slcanun pty ?. to tbe head of Cronkf.l hike, ntul Hit- Cn- mmdaigua uii'l KIniira K. K. passes tlinuttili tlie v., 2-1 ra. S. K. of Can;iuJaif^ua, 43 m. N. W. of Klinira. Tensy's Fkrkv, p. O.J Hcury co., ///. ; uii lioL-k r., 123 in. N. N. W. Spriniilicld. Peni-bscot cnunty. Me. SiluatL- K. cinlrally, ami con- tains 2.TG0 sq. ni. In the norihrrn pari it is dniiiicd hy ht^ad Urum-Ut s nf Arouslook r. and K. liraiR-h "t" I'ciiohsn'l r., and in the S. by Penobscot and it^ atllui*ni3. Matta«ain- keag, Sebi'C, and Kt-nilaskeag rivers. Siirfacf unibilalliig, and in the N.mounlainous ; soil in jEjoneral firiile, and pnt- duocs good emps of wheal, corn, and potatoes. It ia well wooded, and has goml pastnrage Inr caltle. Agricullure is the leading pur?uil. Farms 3.9^:1 ; (nainif. 40" ; dwell. 10.374, and pop.— wli. (;:5,i'-*J» fr- f"l- G3~tol!d 63,iiS9. Cajiit'il .- Bangor. ruhUr, Worls : liangnr and Oldtown It. P..; Kennebec ami Penobscot K. P.; Kurupeau anti Ncrlh American II. P. PiNou^cnT. I. nnd p. v., Ilancork oo., Me.: at tlio head of Penobscot bay, on the E. side, 56 ni. K. \>y N. Angosla. A large pond lies in Ihe N. E. piiri. It has a fertile soil, gnod \sau r-power, f;ioililies for navigation, and abundance of limber. Pop. of t. 1,5513. Fenobscut bay. JP. ; near the middle of the coast liound- ary, setting np N. from the Atlantic. Oeean al)oul 27 ni., re- ceiving Penobscot r. at its N. e.\lremity, calleil Eeliii&t bay. The breadtli of its month, from Owl's Head on the W. to Burnt Coat Island on Ihe E., is about 30 m. It contains a nmnbcr of large islands, the prmeipal of which are Deer, Ilant, Long, and Fox islamls. besiiles many smaller. It lias many good harbors, and its waters contain many varieties of excellent fisli. Its scenery is exceedingly beautiful, and on its borders are large and flourishing towns. Penobscot river. Me. : this important river is the largest in the State. It is formed from two main branches, of wlfu li the largest rises hi the W. part of the State near the Canada line, and flows by irregular course E. and S., and llirough the large takes, Chesuncook and Pemadurncook, to its juiic- titm with the E. branch. After the junction it flows in a S. E. course until it receives Mattawanikeag r. from the N. E., which is its principal tributary on the E. side; then S. 8. \V. unlil it receives the Pisc:Ua(iuis. its chief \V. tribu- tary; then S. by W. to its entrance into Penobscot bay. From its source to the ocean is about 275 m. It is navi- gable for vessels of large size to Pangor, 50 m. from the ocean, and for boats to a considerable distance above that, lis upper poriions liave many falls and rapids furnishing excellent mill-sites. The tide rises high at Bangor, caused by the relurn of the Gulf stream and Ihe wedge-like form of the bay. Above Bangor are numerous islands owned by the Penobscot Indians, who occupy the principal one — Old town. Pesoiiscot, it. S. collection district, Mp. Casline is the port of entry. Total tonnage on 30lh June, 1S50, ;^6,950 tons; of which 5,713 tons were registered, and 31.237 enmlle*! and licensed. Of registered tonnnge, 5.122 Ions were permanent, and 591 tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed ton- nage consisted of 30,531 tons permanently enrolled; of which 15,059 tons were in the coasting trade, 1I.4G2 tons in cotl fishery, and 4,010 in the mackerel fishery, besides 706 tons " licensed under 20 tons" employed in the cod fishery. During the year ending June 30, 1S50, the number of clear- ances for f"reign countries was 19 — 3,441 Ions; total of en- triiiH-es, 14 — 4140 tons. Vessels built during the year, 2 ships, 3 brii;.-*. 14 schooners; total 19 — 2,S35 tons. Pexoi.a, p. o., Sumter county, Ala. : 122 m. W. by N. Monigonury. Pensacoi.a, p. city, port nf entry, and cap. Escambia co., Flor.: on Pensacola bay, lo m. from the Gulf of Mexico, ITti m.W. Tallahassee. Lat. 30O 24' N., \iyr\g. 87° Id' 12" W. The liarbor is deep and aflTords good anchorage, but near Ibe city is shallow, and lience a long wharf has been extend- ed into the bay. The ciiy is built uu a sandy plain, 40 or 50 PEO feet above the level of the water, and is regularly laid out with wide streets crossing al right angles, having also two large public sqn.ires. It contains a eouri-hoiise, custom- house, market, and 2 cliurches. Two newsp;ipers are is- sued, ''P. Gazelle" (whig), weekly, and "Florida Demo- crat." semi-weekly. This is the j.rincipal port and cily in Florida, and h:\s considerable irade. Cn 3oth June, 1S50, the total tonnage uf it^ district was 1.794 tons, of which 1.221 tons Were registered and permanent, and 573 tons en- rolled and licensed ; 496 tons perniaiuiUly, and 77 tons li- censed under 20 tons. The latter was entirely employed in the coasting trade. During the >ear pn-vious Ihe total of clearances for foreign poris was 7—1.-3:? txms; total of entrances, do., 2.337 tons— all of wliieh (9) were American vesi>els. Vessels built at-hoiises, etc., ail of which are oniltof tirick and tastefully arrauired. Here is also a dry dock capable of receiving the largest vessels. Outside of the yard are about 25 collages and a CalboUc church. A mile and a half below the navy \ard are B;irriinca3 Bar- racks and the Naval Hospital. At the entrance of th*^ har- bor are forts Pickens and M'Bee. on Foster's and St. Rosa's islands, and on the latter island is a light-house. See Ligut- IIOUSES. Pknsacola, p. T., Leake co., J//\,9, .• 41 m. N. E. Jacksf)D. Pknsacola bay, Flor. : sets up from tlie (iulf of Mexico in the N. W. i>art of Florida. It is of irregular firm, con- sisting of three parLs. The W. arm, called Escambia bay, is about 11 111. long antl 4 in. broad, jiut a quarter of u mile broad and from 6 to 12 feet above high water ; Ihe second 6 or S feet higher, and extending back to the !>Iu!Ts, which are about SO feet high. It is the shipping port for a lar>:e amount of grain and other products of Ihe fertile region on every side of it, with which it has an extensive trade. It h;\s also valuable manufactures, which are receiving increased attention. It contains a court-house, jail, an incorporated academy, a bank, about 50 stores and wareliouses, several steam-mills and factories, and 5.r<62 inhabitanis- Two weekly papers are published, the " P. Democratic Press" and the "P. Uc- 665 PEO PER publican" (whig). Tlie " P. Motto," a religious and statis- tical journal, is issued semi-quarterly. A niilroail will pass through it from Bloomington, on the Illinois Central K. E., to some point on the Mississippi. Peoeia, p. o., Wjoming CO., JV. Y. : 229 m. W. Albany. Peoeia, p. v., Franklin county, Jnil. : 6S m. E. S. E. InJianapolis. Peoi:ia lake. III.: is an expansion of Illinois r. between Peoria and Woodford counties, commencing at Chillicolho, and extending 20 m. to Peoria. In some parts it is 4 m. wide, but at the "Narrows," 5 m. above Peoria, it is con- tracted to the usual width of the river, and tlien again widens. The water is clear, with gravelly bottom, has a Blow current, and abounds with various Icinds of lish. Most of the E. shore is low and swampy, but on the W. side are high bluflfs. Peoeiatille, p. v., Peoria co.. 111. : 65 m. N. Springfield. Pepacton, p. v., Delaware co., A' Y. : on Pcpactoa r., 69 m. S. W. by W. Albany. l'f.pix lake : is an expansion of the Mississippi r., between ■Wisconsin and Minnesota, about 24 m. long, terminating at mouth of Chippewa r., from 2 to 4 m. wide. Its shores are for the most part high precipitous rocks, of which the " Maiden's P.ock" is 500 feet high. Peppkeell, t, p. v., and sta., Middlesex Co., Mass. : on the N. line of the State and W. side of Nashua r., 85 m. N. V>. by W. Boston. Drained by a branch of the Nashua, which supplies mill-sites. Surface uneven, except on the Blrrams ; soil fertile. Manufacturing of various kinds are curried on. The Peterboro' and Shirley li. li. passes on the S. and the Worcester and Nashua R. P. on the E. border. The sta. is 9 m. S. W. of Naslma on the latter. The v. con- tains an academy. Pop. of 1. 1,7.'>4. Peppee's Feeet, p. o., Pulaski co., Ttrg. ; on New r., 172 m. W. by S. P.ichmond. Pequannock creek, Jf. Jer. : rises in Wayawanda and WallkiU mountains, Sussex county, tlows S. K. an.l S., anil enters Passaic r. Below Pomplon v. it is called Pompton r. Its current is rapid, affording good w.atcr-powcr. Pequot, p. v., Calumet co., in'se. ; on the E. side of Win- nebago lake, 84 m. N. E. Madison. PEEcn RivEtt, p. c, Jefferson county, A': Y: 142 m. N. W. by W. Albany. Percy's Ceeee, p. 0., Wilkinson co., Miss. : 95 m. S. W. Jackson. PERnino river and bay, Ala. and Flor. : the boundary line between these States, about 40 m. long. The bay is shallow and its entrance obstnicted by sandbars. Peeis's Mii.es, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : on the E. branch of Little Miami r., S3 m. S. W. Columbus. Peekixs' Geove, p. o., Bureau co., HI.: 124 m. N. by E. Springfield. Peekinsttlie, p. v., Madison co., Intl.: on the W. fork of White r., 2S m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Peekiksville, p. v., Burke co.. A"; Cm: : on Wilson's cr., a N. tributary of Catawba r., 166 in. W. by N. Haleigh. Peekissville, p. T., Goochland county, Virg.: 83 m. "W. N. W. Eichmond. PEEKI^svILlE, p. v., Windsor co., Vei-m. : on Black r., 64 m. S. by E. Monlpelier. It contains an academy and • several manufactories. Pebkiomen river, rervn. : rises in S. E. corner of Lehigh county, flows S. through Montgomery county, and enters Schuylkill r., 6 m. W. Norristown. It affords good waU-r- power, as also its tribuUu'ies. Peekiomes Beidge, p. o., Montgomery co., rmn. : 74 ra. E. Ilarrisburg. Peeote, p. 0., Ashland county, Oliio : 6S m. N. N. i.. Columbus. Peeqoimans county, X. Car. Situate N. E., and- con- tains 172 sq. m. Drain .-d by Perquimans and Little rivers, both of which discharge their waters into Albemarle Sound m the S. Surface low and level ; soil fertUe where capable 6G6 of cultivation, and very productive. Staples, cotton, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms 5(i5; nianuf. 21 : dwell. SIS, and pop.— wh. 3,629, fr. col. 450, si. 3,252— total 7,331. Capital: Hertford. Peeeixe, p. 0., Mercer county, Pctil ; 185 m. W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Peeeineville, p. v., Monmouth co., A'". Jer. : 17 m. E. Trenton. Peeeestos, t and p. 0., Monroe county. A"; Y. : 1S2 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Irondequoit cr. Surface slightly uneven; soil fertile, and very productive of wheat, the growing of which is the leading business. The Roch- ester and Syracuse (direct) R. E. and the Erie Canal cross the town ; on the latter is the village of Fairport, 17 m. E. Rochester. Pop. 2,S91. Peeev county, Ala. Situate W. centrally, and contains 934 sq. m. Catawba r., a tributary of Alabama r., passes through it centrally, by which and its branches it is drained, and also by branches "of Black Warrior r. Surface varied ; soil fertile and well adapted to cotton, which it produces in large quantities, and which forms the chief article of com- merce ; it also produces good crops of wheal and Indian corn. It has some good timber-land, and Sue pasturage for cattle. Farms 1.066 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,332, and pop. — wh. S,.342, fr. col. 26, si. 13.917— total 22,2S5. Capital : Marion. Public n'orks: Selma and Tennessee River Railroad. Pekey county. Art. Situate centrally, and contains 534 sq. m. Drained by La Fave r., tiibutary of Arkansas r., which forms its N. E. and N. bounilary. Surface umdulat- ing : soil fertile, and well adapted to grain. Timber is found on" the land, and it contains fine coal beds. Farms 75; nianuf. 2; dwell. 154, aii.l pop.— wh. 957, fr. col. 6, si. 15— total 978. CapiUd: Perry ville. Peeey county. III. Situate toward the S.. and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by St. Mary's r. and by Big Beaucoup and Little Muddy creeks. Surface even ; soil fertile, and adai>t- ed to corn. About one-third of the land is prairie. Farms 633; manuf. 7; dwell. 967, and pop.— wh. 5,267, fr. col. 11 —total 5,278. Capital: Pickueyville. PuUic Works: Il- linois Central P.. E. Peert county, Ind. Situate S., and contains SS7 sq. m. Drained by Deer, Oil, and Anderson's creeks, which flow into the Oliio r., the boundary of the county on the South. Surface in general hilly and broken, but along the Ohio and Anderson are some level tracts; soil moilerately fertile. Chief productions wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. Tim- ber is found on the land of excellent quality. Farms .W) ; manuf. 14; dwell. 1,231, and pop.-wh. 7,259, fr. col. 9- total 7,268. Capital: Troy. Peeev county, Ky. Situate S. E., and contains S15 sq. m. Drained by North and Middle forks of Kentucky r. Sur- face uneven, and diversifled with fertile hills au.l valleys ; soil productive, and there is much fine grazing land m the county Wheat and Indian corn are produced. It is bound- ed on the N. by Laurel Mountain. Farms 396 : manuf. ; dwell. 471, and pop.-wh. 2,972, fr. col. 8, si. 117-totja 3,092. Capital: Perry. , , „ Peeev county. Miss. Situate S. toward the E., and con- tains 1,080 sq. m. Drained by Black and Leaf creeks and their branches, all tributaries of Pascagoula r. Surface slightly broken ; soil indifferent, and is thickly covered with pine timber. There is fine pasture for cattle, etc. Chief productions rice and cotton. Farms 1:U : luaiiuf. ; dw.ll. 265, and pop.-wh. 1,079, fr. col. 10, si. 749-totaI 2,488. Capital: Augusta. Peeev county, P«in. Situate S. centrally, niid contama .574 sq. m. Susquehanna r. forms its E. boundary, and by its principal tributary, Juniata r. and other streams, it is drained Surface much broken and mountainous: soil a fine deep vegetable mold, and very fertile. Chi.-f produc- tions wheat, Indian corn, and pol.itoes. It has some good coal beds, and contains a medicinal si.ring which discharges PER PER warm water an'l is useful in many disoniers. Farms 1,45(5 ; manuf. 232 ; dwell. 3,41'2, ami pop.— wh. 10,953, fr. col. 135 — total 20,(JSS. Capital: New Bloomfleld. Public Works: Pennsylvania li. K. and Pennsylvania Canal. Pebby county, Mo. Situate toward the S. E., and con- tains 452 sq. m. Drained by several small streams, aflliients of the Mississippi, and which in their course supply good water-power. Surface varie)>. : 173 m. N. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. Perry, t. and p. o., Shiawassee co., Midi. : 19 m. E. by N. Lansing. Drained by Looking-glass r. and its branches. Surface mostly level ; soil fertile prairie. Pop. 313. Perry Centre, p. v.. Wyoming county, jV. I'.: 214, m. W. by N. Albany. A literary institution, called the Perry Cenire Insli'ute, is eslablished here, Perrymansvili.e, p. v. and sta., Harford co.^Md.: on the W. side of lUish r., 34 m. N. N. E. Annapolis. The sta. Is 27 m. E. of lialtiniore, on the Philadt-lphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore 11. K. pK.RRvoi'OMs, p. v.. Fayette co., Penn.: on the W. side of Youghiogeny r., 147 m. W. by S. Ilarrisburg. The river affords power for Bcvixal, factories and mills. The v. con- tains several stores and about 600 inhabitants. The '• P Clarion" (dem.) is published weekly. Perry's ISridce. p. o,. Vermillion par., La. : on Vermillion river, about 20 m. N. of Vermillion bay, 05 m. S. W. by W. Baton llouire. PEKRYsnuRc, p. v., Miami co., ImL : 76 m. N. Indian,ipolis. A plank-road leads 12 m. S. In I'cru. pEURYSBrRG, t and p. o., Cattaraugus co., N. Y,: 202 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by affluents of Cattaraugus cr., ils N. boundarj'. Surface broken arid well limbered; soil gravelly or clayey, and best adapted to grazing. Popula- tion 1.S62. pEBRYSBURO, t.. p. V., and cap. W'^'^d co., Ohio : on the right bank of Maumee r.. Ill ni. N. N.AV. ("ohnnlms. Sur- face mostly level; soil sandy, and of average fertility. The village, occupying a commanding eminence at the head of steamboat navigation, IS m. above the mouth of the river, has a cornmodious wharf and harbor, and a gfmd share of lake trade. It contains a court-house, jail, several steam mills and large warehouses, 30 stores, and 1.199 inhabit- ants. The ''Fort Meig's Keveille" (whig) is published weekly. The proposed railroad from Fort Wayne to San- dusky City will pass through it. Pop. of v. 1,199, and of town.l.7S0. Perry's Corxer, p. 0., Duchess county, *V. Y. : 53 m. S. Albany. Perry's Cross Roads, p. o., Edgefield district. S. Car.: about 2 m. S. of Saluda r., 41 m. W'. by N. Colundua. Perry's Mills, p. v., Tatnall co., Ga.: on the N. side of Alatamaha r., near the mouth of Cobb's cr., 9S m. S. E. by S. Milledgeville. It contains a grist and saw mill, n store, and several dwellings, and was for a time th'^ county seat. Perry's Mills, p. v., Clinton co., K. Y. : on Ch:izy river, 1 m. S. of the Canada line, 7 m. W. of Lake CIiamj>lain, 153 ni. N. Albany. It contains several mills and about 400 inhabitants. Perrysvillr, p. v.^ Vermillion county, Tnd. : on the W. bank of the Wabash, 07 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. It has several mill-sites, and a good trade in the slajiVs of the 00., which arc shipped here by the Wabash and Erie Canal, a side-cut of whieli crosses the river. It contains a dozen stores and 742 inhabitants. The " P. Eagle" is published weekly. PERRYSvn.LE, p. v., Alleghany co., Penn. : 4 m. N. of Ohio r., 163 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. Perbysvtlle, sta., Juniata co., Pe/m. ; on the E. division of the Pennsjlvania E. P.. 15 m. E. Lewjstown. Peruysville, p. V . Washington co., li. I. : 81 m. S. S.W. Providence. Perkyton, p. v., Licking county, Ohio : 42 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Perrytox, p. v., Mercer county, III. : about 2 m. N. of E.lward's r.. 115 m. N. W. by N. Springfi.-ld. Perryville. p. v.. Perry county, Jla. : about 7 ra. E. of Cahawba r., 52 m. W. N. W. Montgomery. Perryville, p. v., and cap. Perry co.. Ark. : on La Fave river, a W. branch of Arkansas r., 34 m. W, N. W. Little Pock. It contains a few stores and the co. buildings. Perryville, p. v., Boyle county, Ay..' 3S m. S. by W. Frankfort. It contains an academy, several stores, and about 500 inhabitants. Perryville, p. v. and sta., Cecil co.. Md. : nn the E. side of Susquehanna r., .and on the Philadelphia. Wilmington and Baltimnre It. E., 3S in. E. of Baltimore, 4S m. N. E. by N. Anniipolis. Prbbvville. p. v., and cap. Perry co.. 3lo.: m. W. of the Mississippi. 135 m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. It contains the CO. buildings, several stores, and 300 inhabitants. Perbyvii-lk. p. v., Hunterdon co., K.Jer. : at the E. base of Museonehcong Mountain, 29 m. N. N. W. Trenton. Perryville, p. v., Madison eo.. A''. >'. ; on a S. affluent of Oneida lake, 105 m. W. by N. Albany. It contams sev- eral mills and about 400 inhabitants. 607 PER PET Pf.i:f.yvilt.e, p. v., Ashlaii'i en., Ohio: nii Black lurk of Mohiccari cr., 5^ m. X. N. K. Columbus. Prkuyvii.lr, p. v., Mifflin county, Peini.: 47 m. N. "W. n:irri8biirg:. A fVirnnce of l,8ii0 tons capacity is locak'd here. Pekryvillk. p. v., Decatur co., T&nn. : on tlie left lianU of Tennessee r., 76 m. S. W. by "W. Nashville. Previous to the en'ction of Decatur co. from Perry, it was the capiliil of ilic Iiitter. It has nn extensive traUe in the exports or tlie surrounding district, which here find a convenient sliip- ping place, and contains several stores and a popiilaliou of alMiut 400. Peksifer. p. o., Knox CO., HI. ; 3 m.W. of Spoon r., S2 m. N. N. W. Spriniifleld. Peesim.mos Cheek, p. o., Cherokee co., K. Cur. : 323 m. W. by S. Ralei«:h. Pei!Son county, i^l Car. Situate N., and eonlains400 8q. m. Drained by branches of Dan and Keusi? rivers. Surface level ; soil moderately fertile, and ad:ipted to grain and grazing. Chief productions, wheal, cotton, and tol)acco. Tarnis 6S4; msnut". 17 ; dwell. 1,070. and pop. — wh. 5.590, fr. col. 295, si. 4.S93— total 10.77S. Capitid : Roxborough. Perth. L and p. o., Fulton county, A'. }'. ; 33 m. N. "W. Albany. Surface rolling; soil clayey loam. Farming and grazing are the leading pursuits. Pop. 1.140. Perth Amuov, p. city, and port of entry, Middlesex co,. N.Je}\: at the head of liaril^in bay, and confluence of Karitan r. with Arthur kill, or Siaten Island Sound, 32 m. K. E. by E. Trenton. It has a spacious harbor, with 24 feet of water in the main channel, and easily accessible. It was laid out in 169S, and chartered as a city in 1784. The compact portion is chiefly on the bank of the kill, over which a ferry plies to Staten Island. It contains an acade- my, a manufactory of locks, mechanical implements, etc., 12 or 15 stores, and 1,S65 inhabitants. Tonnage of the district in ISoO (which includes the E. coast of the State from Eliza- belhtown to Little Egg Harbor). 22,0S5 tons; all except 13 tons engaged in the coasting trade. Pkru, p. v., and cap. Mianu co,, Ind. : on the N. bank of the Wabasii, G7 m. N. Indianapolis. It contains a court- house, jail, academy, bank, 20 or 25 stores and warehouses, several mills, and 1.2C6 inhabitants. Th-- *' Miami County Sentinel" is issued weekly. It lies on the "Wabash and Erie Canal, 60 m. W. of Fort Wayne, and the same distance E. of Lafayette, and is the shipping place of a rich district, with which it has a brisk and increasing trade. It is the northern terminus of the Peru and Indianapolis U. K.. which will be extended to connect with the Northern Indiana R. 11., and is intersected here by the projiosed Wabash Valley li. li., which, passing through Fort Wa.vne and Lafayette, forms a link in the connectif)n of Toledo with St, Louis, Pep.i:, t. and p. v., Oxford county. Me. : on the S. side of Amlroscoggin r., 34 m. W. by N. Augusta. Drained by affluents of the r., fed by several ponds. Surface uneven; soil fertile. Pop. of 1. 1,109. Peru, p. v., La Salle county, TIL: on the N. bank of tlie Illinois, at the head of navigation, 269 m. above its mouth, 105 m. N. by E. Springfield. It is 1 m. below La Salle, the termiims of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and forms with it one continuous v. along the r., on which are the commer- cial houses, the residences occupying the high bluffs imme- diately back of it. The chief business is shipping the great staples by river and canal, but a large trade is kept up with the back country, with all parts of which it has. or soon will have, easy communication. A rich and highly cultivated alluvi-il island lies in front of it, with a channel between that floats the largest steamers, and from which a lateral branch leads to Ihe canal. Its favorable position for com- merce has given it its chief importance, and nuist e\ entunlly make it one of the first cities in the State. It has a iLiily communication with St. Louis and the immediate ports l>y packets and steamers. anj. : on the Ohio. 56 m. N. Frankfort. It occupies the site of an Indian burying grv)und. Many remains of the aborigines have been Pmnd here, and ne.ir the v. are extensive fortifications in good preservation. Petersburg, sta., Iluntingdonfto., Pmin. : on the N. aida PET PHI of Jmiintar.,S ni. by Pennsylvania li. li., and 7 lu. by canal N. W. uf lluniingilon. Petkk^uubu, sta., Monroe co., Mk-h.: on the S. s'nie »'f Kaisinr.,20ni. \V. of Minnie by the Muhigan Soutliern U. II. I'hTBnsuLF.o. p. v., and cap. Lavaet-a cutiiity, '/' buildings, and property estimated at $2,00il.(t00. Tlie buildings and houses are now built prin- cipally of brick. It contains a courl-hnuse, jail.S churches, S banks with aggregate capital of $1,170,000, insurance office, etc. Ttiere are several cotton and woolen factories, flouring and saw mills, ropewalks, and some other matm- faotorios. Two newspapers are pulilislied daily, "P. in- telligencer" (whig), ''Daily News" (neul.); 1 tri-weekly, " South Side Democrat." Four railroads now centre at P., giving it great business advantages, viz.. IJichniond and Petersburg U. R.. Petersburg 11. II. (to AVeldoii), South Side K. K., Appomattox It. R. (to City Point.) The Pet.-rsburg and Norfolk R. li. is in construction. The stramships ply- ing semi-weekly between New York and liichmond, and others. c*»iinect wilh Petersburg by A|ipomatlo.\ R. R. from City Point. On 30ih June, IS.'jO, the total tonnage of P. district was 2.7uS tons, of which Jl-Ii) Ions were registered (and permanent), and 1,759 tons enrolled and licensed. Of the latter, l.tWl tons were permanendy employed in the coasting trade. SO tons in steam uavigaiion ; licensed under 20 tons in coasting trade, 7S) tons. During the year prcced- in<', the total of clearances for foreign countries was 5 — 1.040 tons ; total of entrance-s, do., 9— :i,517 tons. I'op. in 1830, S,322 ; in 1S40, 11,136 : in ISoO, 14.010. pETEusuUBo Four Corners, p. v., Rensselaer co., K Y. : 23 m. E. N. E. Albany. Petehs' Cheek, p. o., Barren co., 10/. : on an E. branch of Big Barren r., luG m. S. W. by S, Frankfort. Petki!s' Cr.EBK, p. o., Stokes county, ^V. Car.: 102 m. N. "W. by W. Raleigh. pETEEsnAM. t. and p. v., Worcester co.. Musx. : 59 m. "W. by N. Worcester. Drained by brandies of Swift r., alTording numerous mill-seats. Surface high and somewliat broken; soil good, especially for grass. A farming atid grazing t, containing numcroussmall manulactorics. Popu- lation 1,.")27. Petei'..stown, p. v., Monroe cf)., Virff. : on Rich cr., 2 m. N. of New r., Iv2 ni. W. by S. RichmoinL On the cr., in the vicinity, are several mills and small factories. PETEiwvn.i.E, p. v.. Frcilerick co., Mton co., Penu. : ori- Ilocken- docque creek, an E. ailluent of Lehigh river, 79 rn. E, N. E. Ilarrisburg. Petite Jeax, p. o.. Yell co., Ark. : 3 m. S. of Petite Jean r., 52 m. W. N. W. Litlle Roek. PETitA. p. o., Saline co., Mo. : 66 r». N. W. Jefferson City. Pettis county, J/.*. Situate W. centrally, and contains 655 sq. m. Drained by S. fork of La Mm.- r, and other braTii-lus. Surface varied; in general it is level, and tliere is some fine prairie land; soil a (Inc ileep loam, and very productive. It has some good grazing land, and along tlie streams timber is abundant. FarmsSOO; m.anul". 16; dwell. 714. and pop.— wh. 4 261. fr. col. 5. si. SS4— total .'i.loO. Ctqj- itiil : (jeorgt'town. i'uhlic Works: Paeiiic K. R. Petiy's, p. o., Lawrence co., Jll. : 127 m. S. E. Springfield. Pewackek, t. and p. o., Waukesha co., llV^e. ; 59 m. E. Madison. Drained by Pislitaka r. (called Fox r. in Illinois), into which flow the waters of a large lake l>ing in llie W. part. Surface even, and si>n excellent gra-^sand grain land. TheMilwaukic and Missis>ippi R. R. ero^ses it, and plank roads lead E. ami W. Poi>. 1,093. Peytona, p. o., Boone county, Virg.: 234 m. W. by N. Richmond. PE\TossBuito, P.O., Pittsylvania county, Virg.: 105 m. S. W. by W. Riclimond. I'eyto.n's Creek. ip. o., Smith co., Tisnn. : 4S m. E. by N. Nashville. Pevtonstille, p. v., Williarasun county, 7\nii.: 22 m. S. Nashville. Ph.vrisburg, p. v., Union county, Ohio: 35 miles N. W, Cohmibus. PuAUR'sMiLL.% p. o., Moore co., K C9; dwell. 61,278, and pop. — wh. 3-^'.',3J4, fr. col. 19.435— total 4118,762. Cujuhd: Pliilad.-Iphia. Puhllo Work.'i : Philadelphia and C^olurnlna R. K. ; Reading and PotLsville R. R. ; Philadelphia. Norri>towii, and Cerman- town K. R. : Philadeliihia, Wilmington, ami Baltimore R. II.; Philadelphia and Westehesier R. R. ; New York and Philadelidiia R. R.. etc. PiiiLADEUMiiA, p. city, port of en[r\. and cap. Philadel- phia CO., Pifim.: is situated between the Delaware and Schu>lkill rivers. 5 in. above th-ir junction, 93 m. E. by S. Harri.ibiirg. From New York by most direct railroad, ij7 m. ; from Bost^Hi, 32^3 m. ; from Baltimore, 95 m. ; from CG9 PHI PHI Wasliington, 130 m.; from, Ilarrlsburg, 106 m. ; from Pillsburg, 357 niiles. Latitude (Iruli-pcmlence Ilnll), 39° 5G' 59"; long, from GrcL-nwicli. 75° 9' M" W., from Washington, 1° ol' oG" E. Philadc'lplitn city proper is surruundt'd by several incor- porated districts, having their own municipal aiithoritiea; viz., Spring Garden, Penn, Northern Liberties, Kensington, and Richmond in tho N., and South\v;irk and Moyamensing in tlie S., "West Pliihidelplua, etc.. which together form a densely populated area, and are always embraced in the descriptions of the city. The city proper is situated on a plain, the highest point of which is elevated 64 feet above the ordinary high water mark in the river. This gentle elevation affords excellent drainage. The soil c/msists principally of clay, beneath which, at different depths, from 5 to '20 feet, is found coarse gravel. In lorni it is a parallelogram, 2 m. long by 1 ra. wide. Tbe streets are all straight, cross each other at right angles, are well paved, and kept remarkably clean. Ihe principal streets are, Market Street, loO feet wide, running E. and W. from river to river, nearly through tlie centre of the city ; Broad Street, 113 feet wide, running N. and S., a little W.oftiic middle of the city; ArchSireet, N. of Market Street, 66 feet wide; Front Street, 6lJ feet, and tiiu rest 5i^ feet wide. The adjoming districts arc for the most part laid out witli regularity. The buildings are chiefly of brick, built in plain and uni- form style. Some of the public edifices, of while marble and freestone, are distinguished for beauty and grandeur. The houses are generally on a uniform plan, 3 stories high, of brick, with marble steps and basements. Some of the more costly private residences are noted for their elegance. The pul)lie squares are laid out with much taste, ornamented with fine shade-trees, shrubbery, etc., ])rovided with seats, and are favorite promenades. The business portion of the city was originally on the Delaware side, but since the opening of the coal trade, and with the increase of popula- tion, the Sclmylkill side has acquired a large share of busi- ness, particularly ttiat of the coal trade, country produce, etc. The Schuylkill affords a convenient harbor for smalt vessels, and numerous wharves are built fur their aceoinmo- dation. The foreign commerce centres upon the Delaware, which is nearly 1 m. wide, admitting the largest vess(*ls to the wharves. Its navigation from the ocean is somewhat intricate from banks, shoals, etc., and in mid-winter is sometimes closed by ice. Public Buildings. — Independence Hall, within which the Colonial Congress on July 4th, 1T76. declared the independ- ence of the United States, read from its steps on that day to the assembled people, now presents the same appearance as at that time. This building, formerly the State House, fronts upon Chestnut Street, having Independence Square in the rear. It was commenced in 17*29, completed in 1734, cost £5,600, and received the addition of its two wings in 1740. The present st^-eple, erected in 1S2S, is a fac-simile of the former, which was removed on account of its decay. The room in which the Declaration was signed is carefully preserved, nearly in the same styie of t for the clothing of the army, camp equi- page, etc. The buildings consist of 4 large brick store- houses, 3 stories high, forming a hollow square. The U. S. navy yard is situated on the bank of Delaware r. in the district of Southwark. The grounds, inclosed on 8 sides by a high briek wall, embrace about 12 acres, pur- cliascd in ISOl, f»»r $37,500 ; now assessed at $250,000. The various buildings are residences for ofBcer:!, quarters for marines, workshops and sl^trehouses, 2 ship-houses, mold- ing Itifts, etc. The ship-houses are among the largest in the Union ; the first is 270 feet long, 103 feet high, S4 feet wide ; the second is 210 feet long, SO feet high, 74 feet wide. Here are the U. S. dry docks, capable of raising the largest steam-vessels and ships of the line. These works, conslrucled iu 1849-51, at a total cost of $813,742, consist of a sectional floating dry-dock in 9 sections; a basin, 350 feet long by 226 feet wide inclosed by granite walls, having a granite floor, upon a foundation of piles, limbers, etc. ; and 2 railways, with hydraulic cylinder, etc. PHI PHI The U. S. Xaval iVsjium, establiahud ia 1-35, oi-ciipica an elevated and most beauliful site, near the Schuylkill r., in Moyamen^mg district, and consista of 3 structures. The principal edifice, built of marble, ia 8 stories hi.i:h, has a front ofaso left, including a central building 14'J by 175 feet, which Ujis a handsome portico with S Ionic columns. The grounds embrace 2b acres, beautifully adorned with trees, shrubbery, etc. The pensioners are about 140 in number, who are provided with every comfort, A naval officer is stationed at this port. £kIua(tion.— The public schools are well organized upon a most efficient system, established in 1S19, which constituted the city and county of riiiladelphia, one entire school district, in 11 sections, with arningements for uniform and harmonious grades of free instruction. The schools aro under the direction of 23 controllers and 210 directors, dis- tributed throughout the 11 sections. In 1S52, there were 254 schools, classified as follows: 1 high, 1 normal, 63 grammar, 29 secondary, 130 primary, and 40 unclassified; which employed 727 teachers, and had about 50,000 scholars. The school-houses generally are substantial brick edifices, 3 stories high, accommodating 500 to 1,000 pupils. The Nurmal School, for the instruction of female teachers, was established in 134S; its course of instruction embracing two years, is of the very best order. The central high school, established October, 1S33, is one of the best institu- tions in the Union. The building, in Juniper Street, below Market, has a handsome marble front with Ionic portico. It h;i3 11 iaslructors, and about 500 students. The number of private schools and academies, with parish and elmrity schools, female seminaries, etc., is very large, indicating the poptdar interest in good education. Colleges. — The University of Pennsylvania was established as a college in 1755, and as an university in 1770. It com- prises 4 departments, academical, collegiate, medical, and law, of which the medical department is by far the most fltjurishing. In 1S50, the collegiate department had 7 in- structors, 5,142 alumni, S3 stu'lents, and 5,000 volumes in its library. The university buildings, in Ninth Street below Market, are large and handsome structures, each S5 feet front by 112 deep. Philadelphia is preeminently distinguished as Ihe medical metropolis of the Union. Of medical colleges, it contains the first established in the United Slates, which, with the otiKT numerous institutions, are by far the most flourishing and important in the nation. Thenuml>er of medical works and journuls here published is pmbably e<|ual to tlie com- bined number in all other cities in the Union. The liliraries of the medical colleges, etc., are large and very valuable ; as also their anatomical museums, cabinets, etc. Very great ndvanlages for clinical instruction are afforded by the various hospitals, dispensaries, etc. The statistics of the principal inslilulions, in 1S50, were as follows : Names. Founded. Prof. Stu. Graduates. Med. Dep. Univ. Penn . . . 1765 .... 7 .... 450 ... . 5,316 Jeff'erson Med. Col 1S24 .... 7 .... 514 ... . 2,030 Med. Dep. Penn. Col 1333 . . . . 7 . .. . 17G . . .. 73 Phil. Col. of Med 1847 .... 7 ... . 75 ... . 250 Other medical Institutions are — Medical Institute of Phila- delphia, established in 1317, which gives medical instruction in the summer, but does not confer degrees; Philadelphia Association for Medical Instruction, on the same plan ; llomo^opathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, instituted ISJG; Female Medical College of Pennsylvania, founded \rary of 20,000 volumes, an extensive cabinet of medals, and a large col- lection of maps, engravings, etc. Its published transactions, in numerous volumes, have greatly comributtd to the ad- vancement t'f science. The Academy of Natural Sciences, founded 1812, incorporated 1817, has a very handsome edi- fice, coiuaining a library of 13,000 volumes, and the most valuable museum in Ihe United States, containing, besitles other collections, 25,000 specimens in ornithology, unrivaled in the world, 30,000 in the herbarium, 7,000 in geological department, and the late Dr. Morton's celebrated cabin<'t of crania. The academy has contributed much to natural science. The Historical Society of Pennsjlvania, founded 1325, has issued various historical publications, and 1i:ls a library of 2,000 volumes, with collections, etc. Tlie Franklin Institute, incorporated March 30, 1824, mainly devoted to the promotion of mechanical science, etc., has about 3,000 members, and library of 6,000 volumes, principally mechan- ical and scientific works; publishes monthly its journal, the oldest and one of the best mechanical periodicals in the Union; and holds annually an extensive exhibition of Amer- ican manufactures. The College of Physicians, chartered March 26, 1789, publishes its transactions quarterly, and id one of the most valuable periodicals of medical science. The Philadelphia Library Company, instituted 1731, prin- cipally by Dr. Franklin, has one of the most cxlensivo libraries in this country. Its edifice, erected 17S9-90, a plain structure, presents a venerable appearance. Its entrance i3 surmounted by an excellent marble statue of Franklin. Ia 1792, it received the valuable library of Hon. James I/^gan, now amounting to 10,000 volumes. These united hbrarlca 671 PHI now embrace abriut G'l.OOO volumes, and nro constantly in- creasing. ThoAtlu-iueum.orgaiiizeil Febnmry 9, lSU,now occiiiiies a very elcpint eiliflcc, built in the Italian style, coriiiT of Sixth anil Ailelphi streets, erected IS40-47, con- taining a litiraryiif l-',(itlO volumes, reading-room, etc. Ihe Mercantile Library, established 1S21, liaB a handsome library buildini:, oriier of Fifth and Library streets, erecU-d lS4t-1.5, at a cost of ti3,2U(), » liieli eonUiins 10,5Ull vulumes ; its real estate is valued at JCn.OllO. The Library of the Law Asso- ciation is a g'lo.l collection of professional worUs. The Apprentices' Library, founded ISl'.l, is an excellent institu- tion, having 12,01)0 volumes, resorted to by 1,200 boys ami CdO girls. The German Society have S.OdO volumes; the Pennsylvania Hospital 10,000 volumes of medical works; besides which, are the Friends' Free Library, Sjiring Garden Institute, the colleges previously mentioned, and some librtiry companies of the incorp'iraled dislricls. The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, organized ISO", contains rare sculptures, with splendid paintings by the old masters, West, Allstim. and Sully, and luilds annual exhibitions, commencing in May. The Art Union of Phil- adelphia has a free gallery of pictures eonstainly open, which are changed monthly, and hulds a di5tribulii>n of prizes in December annually. There are two associations of artists— Graphic Assucialion and Artists' Fund Society. St^eifspcipers and Periodicals.— AeconVmf: to the census of 1S50, the periodical press then consisted of 04 publicati. ms, viz., 11 dailies, 1 semi-weekly, 87 weeklies, 5 semi-month- lies, S monthlies, 1 quarterly, 1 annual. Names of dailies—" North American" (whig), " Pennsyl- vania Inquirer" (whig), " Pennsylvanian" (dein.), " Daily News" (whig), "The Sun" (nat. Am.), " Spirit of the Times" (ilem ), ■' Public Ledger" (indep.), " Evening liulletin" (in- dep.), "Daily Kegister" (iieut.) The largest circulations ,vcre — of the dailies, "Public Ledger," 43,9S0; of the weeklies, "Dollar Newspaper" (indep.), 40,000; "Scott's Weekly Paper" (li;.), 40,000 ; " Saturday Evening Post" (lit.), 42,000; "American Courier" (lit.), 85,000; of semi-month- lies, " Youth's Penny Gazette" (relig.), 100,000 ; of monthlies, " Godey's Lady's Book," 60,000. The press is generally characterized by propriety, orlgin- alilv, enterprise, and large circulations. The me-51, the board of publication printed 4:!0,3ii0 books and tracts. The American Baptist Publication Society, formed 1S39, occupy in Arch Street an ornamental edifice of brown sand- stone, 4 stories high. Other religious a-sociations are — Philadelphia Tract, Education, Home Missionary, and sev- eral Bible societies, all of which, wilh the foregoing, cele- brate their anniversaries In May. Benevolent Jnatittitions. — These are numerous, and of superior excellence. The Pennsylvania Hospilal, incorpiv rated 1751, is a very extensive estabhshment, occupying .an entire square between Spruce, Pine, Eighth, and Ninth streets, fronting on Pine Street. The main edifice has an entire lenglh of 231 feet, consisting of central building wilh wings. From 1S41 to 185-J it received 13,S29 patients, of whom 9,300 were poor ; in 1S52 it contained 153 inmates, of whom 120 were poor. Its funds arise from legacies and private subscriptions. In front of the building is a fine statue of William Penn, in bronzed lead. A branch of this institution is the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, which, previous to 1&41, was a conjoined portion of the hospital, but has since been located on a fine farm of 111 acres, in West Philadelphia, about 2 m. W. Schuylkill r. The principal building and main wings present an E. front of 48G feet, 3 stories high, and are surrounded with 41 acres of beautiful pleasure grounds. The Friends' Asylum for the Insane, near FranUford, founded ISlo, h.is good build- ings, etc. The Pennsylvaiua Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, founded 1S20, has occupied, since 1S25, its present spacious edifice, corner of Broad an.l Pine streets, built of granite, with Doric portico, at a cost of $So,00ft. In 1S52 it had contained 134 p\i))ils, of whom the Slate of Pennsyl- vania supported 92, Maryland IS, New .lerscy 13, Delaware 3, and the institution 13. The Pennsylvania Instimtion for the Blind, founded 18.33, located in Ilacc, betwi*n Schuyl- kill, Second, and Third streets, has a large edifice, 4 stories high, with beautifully decorated grounds, and contained in 1S52, 93 pupils, of whom the Stale of Pennsylvania sup- porle.040 Il,9s0 29.100 77.9nO 1>17 51,500 12.295 3G.410 57,1S9 IMS 60,370 13.365 4G.0>0 75.270 1S49 67.410 15,100 4S.700 7S5iiO 1S50 70,S20 15,265 33,340 95,450 Fiiinnount W'ttfr-WorJc^.—The^e water-works which supply the city with water, are situated on E. bank of Schuylkill r., a little N. of the city proper, and have been in N 4 opcralion since .Tuly 1, 1S22. A dam extends across the river. l,24Sfeet long, erected in 1319. The water backed up by the dam pas-ses into an artificial forebay, 419 feet long, im feet wide, and 60 feet deep. The mill-building is of st/ine, 23S feet long, 56 feet wide, containing S double- acting forcing pumps, each of which will lift about 1,250,000 gallons into the reservoirs in 24 hours. The water is elevated 92 fei-t. The reservoirs, 4 in number, cover 6 acres, are 12i feel de(*p. constructed in very substantial manner, together contain 22.031,976 ale gallons, and cost $133,S22. They are for Ihe most part upon artificial ground, raised in some parts 40 feet above the original of the hill. When full, the water is li:2 feet above low tide in the Schuylkill, and SO feet above the highest ground in the city. One of them is divided into 3 sections for the purpose of filtration. The water passes from the reservoirs to the city, through 3 main iron pipes, in diameter 21), 22, and 30 inches respectively; and is then distributed through the city in pipes from 3 to 10 inches diameter, chiefly 3 and inches, of which the total length in January. 1S02, was: in city proper SI m., in districls of Sdulhwark and Moyamensing 2i>J m. The average daily consumption of water in the city and districts in 1S50, throughout the whole year was 4,7S5,33S ale gallons; in isol, 5,090,744 gallons. Water renl.s m 1->5I, $.1.3S.s74. The entire co^t of these works to Dec. 31, 1S50, was $1,015,170; additional expenses in ISol, $02,3SO— total cost to 1S52, $1,707,550. Spring Garden n?id yorther?i Liberties Water- Works.— Situated on E. side of the Schuylkill, about 1 m. above Fairmount. The engine-house is I'f granite, in Egyptian style. The reservoir, 15 feet deep, 115 feet above low-water mark, contains 9.SU0.0U0 gallons, and has 2 distributing mains, 16 inches iliametcr. This work was completed in 1S45. at a cost of $159,075. Munn/dctures. — In Ihe amount, and value, and variety of its manutactures, Philadelphia is one of the most im- portant cities in the United States. Many of these arc bniught to more than an ordinary degree of perfection. The following statement of the manufactures in the citj and county of Philadelphia, is from the census returns of 1S5U: Value of Annual Phil. City proper. . $13.2(i7.695. . . . $12.665.211 . . , . $26,309,265 North'n Ld)ertie3. 3.022.251 .... 3.7W.341. . . . 7,lu3,023 Spring Gardeu. . . 2.013.445. . . . 3,046.216. . . . 5.376,731 Kensington 3.755.711 .... 6.106,071 .... 10,083,904 Soulhwark 2,171.ii05. . . . 2,197.347 .... 3,7:i4,730 Moyamensing. . . . 530,364 575.237 1,299.201 Townships, etc. . . 7,237.380 €.090,733 10.237.308 $33,737,911 $34,505,156 $(>4.1U,212 The following statements of the number of hands, and tlieir wages, are from the same source: At-erage rnnibpr iif Avern::? iimntlily coal liamis employeJ. i>r kib.ir. M:ilp-?. Females. Phila. Cityproper.17,020.. 9,046.. Northern Liberties. 4.463.. 1,1S1.. Spring Garden ... 4.326.. S54.. Kensington 6.723.. 1,S90.. South wark 2,0S9. . 167 . . Moyamensing 1,970.. 2^S.. Townships, etc.... 6,705.. 2,377,. Ma)™. [Fetn.Tlea. t45,i;-6. $97,955 115,CS7. . 12,200 9:!,30:?. 9.53S 163,0)1). 13,2T9 60,021. 1,344 46,sr>s. 2,S72 ]3S,M5. 7IJ)96 43.296 15,S $1.002.. ojtlm. Ton.a. MStlia. Tuna. ■j.Mlia. June 30,1849.. 121,723 85. .9,530 93.. 131.253 S3.. 13,631 23 " 1860. .136,577 23. .2,531 37. .139,159 15.-15,475 56 The amount " licensed under 20 tons" in 1S49 was 3,011 tons; in 1850. 3,134 — all in the coasting trade. Vessels built in the district of Philadelphia in the two fi»:al years, 1848-49, and 1849-50, each ending June 30 : Yenra. Slops, 1848-49 3 2 1849-50 7 1 g ,, Sloopa and Steam. Total B ■ ^"^ c.anid b'ta, boats. Veaaels. Tons. .26. .34. .103... .107... .143. ...13,741 .166.... 18,150 ^ Sttmmanj of Kai'igathn. — The following table exhibits the total arrivals of vessels at Philadelphia in each year, from 1335 to 1851 inclusive. Their separate divisions into fiireign and coastwise vessels are previously given under their proper heads of domestic trade and foreign com- merce : Ve.irs. I Years. Years, 1 335 4,002 1341 9,750 1847 18,726 l-^'W 4,135 1842 8,427 ItHS 24.403 1337 8,185 1848 8,031 1849 25,109 lS:iS 11,344 1 1844 8.189 1350 27,553 1339 11.709 1 1845 8.416 j 1351 27,060 1840 10,162 i IS4G 6,477 I PopuMioiu— In 1749, the cily proper had 7,391 inhabit- ante, and 1.864 dwellings; Southwark 595 population, 150 dwellings; Northern Liberties 244, 62 dwellings. In 1750, city 7,635. In 1777, the British (then in possession of the city, which had decreased in population by the war) took the census of the city, Southwark, and the Northern Liber- ties, and found their united population 23,734, dwellings 6,985. In 1790, by U. S. census. Ihe cily, 28,522; South- wark, 5,661 ; unmcorporated Northern Liberties, 8,-337— total 42,520. Population of Philadelphia, cily and county, from ISOO to 1850 inclusive : 1800. isio. i.s:o. ifiao. le^o. ie5o. '^delphi^'^!'.''" )■"•"" ^'''^'^^ "-^'^"^ S*"'^* 93,665 121,417 SOUTH OP CITY AND EAST OF 6CH0YLKILL BIVEE. Southwark.... 9,621 13,707 14,718 20,740 27,646 88,799 Moyamensing.. 1,592 2,837 3.963 6,323 14,573 26.979 Passyunk 884 992 1,633 1,-Wl 1,694 1,607 NOETn OF CITY AND EAST OF SCHCYLKILL KIVEIl. TJnineorp' N. ) Liberties., fl"."" 21.553 N. Liberties — — SpringGarden* — — Kensington* . . ^ — Penn District*. — — Riclimonci* ... — — PcnnTo\tn5hip* — 8.793 Oxlurd 1,518 973 I.SIO 2,456 3,333 1,933 19,673 2S.923 34,474 4T,223 3,49S 11.141 27.849 53.'.95 7,118 13,326 22,314 46,776 — — — S,930 — — — 5,S40 3.105 2,507 3,342 2,657 1,315 1,503 1,533 1,7S7 ' Fr-rmerly a partuf ibe Nortliern Liliertiea. 1800, i?io. 1820, leao. law. i«50. Fmnkford — 1,233 1,405 1,637 2,876 5,346 Lowt-r Dublin. 1,495 2,194 2,640 2,T05 3,298 4,297 Byberry 579 705 8T6 l,nlS 1,055 1,130 Morelami 863 400 44;i 413 469 493 Bristol 771 965 1,257 1,425 1,734 2,230 Germantowii.. . 3,230 4,2*3 4,311 4.642 5,4S2 8,3o6 Koxborough. . . 1,043 1.253 1,6^3 3,334 5,797 2.6G0 Manuyunk — — — — — 0,210 BriJesburg — — — — — 915 Aramii)o:(» — — — — — 694 WhitehuU — — ~ — — 4b9 WRST OF Tlin SCHUYLKILL. Blooktoy 1,091 1,61S 3,655 3,401 3,313 5,910 W.Phil.'i.lelphia — — _ _ y,896 5,670 Kingcssing.... 634 903 1,1S8 1,063 1,339 1,77S Total 81,005 111,310 137,097 1SS,961 253,037 409,045 Hhitorical Sketch. — 1627. The colony of Swedes which had previously been settled ou the Delaware Bay, arrived here and took possession. 1677. First Swede's Church built. 1681. The State was granted lo William Penn by James II. king of England, and in same year the first settlers arrived from London. 16S2. 'WiUiam Penn arrived. 1683. City laid out, and first post established to Newcastle. 1634. Pop. 2,500. 16S5. First two Friends' Meeting-houses erected. 1686. Additional colonists arrived (Baptists). 1695. Christ Church Society (Episcopal) organized, also first Presbyterian. 1698. First Baptist Church erected. 1700. Second Swede Churcii (now standing) built, and post-office established. 1701, Philadelphia incorporated into a city. 1710. First Market(UighSU) built. 1719. "American Weekly Mercury,'' published by Andrew Bradford. 1723. ** Pennsylvania Giizelle," published by 8. Keiner, subsequently by Dr. Franklin. 1T27. Christ Church (now standing) commenced, finished in 1753. 1729. Independence Hall commenced, completed in 1734. 1731. Philadelphia Library Co. Organ- ized, opened in 1733, with books brought from London. 1738. Furst Fire Co. originated. 1743. American Philo- sophical Society organized. 1751. Pennyslvania Hospit.il incorporated. 1753. Daily delivery of letters by carriers introduced. 1754. Trl-weekly post estabhshed to New York City. 1755. University of Pennsylvania (from 1750 an academy) erected into a college, in 1779 into an university. 1765. Medical Department of University established. 1771. "Pennsylvania Packet" issued weekly, in 1784 daili/^ first in IT. S. 1774, Sept 4th. First Colonial Congress assembled. 1776. July 4th, 3 p. m. Declaration of Independence read from the steps of the Ilall. Autumn of same year, Congress retired to Baltimore. 1777, Sept. 26th. City taken by the British. 1780, March 15lh. American Philosophical Society fully established. 1781. Bank of North America chartered by Congress. 17S7, 17th May. Convention met. 17th Sept. following, agreed upon a Constitution for U. S. In 1793 and '98. Yellow fever prevailed. 17S9. College of Physicians chartered. 1739. Present City Hall erected. 1791. Lan- caster Turnpike Co. chartered, finished in four years. 1794. Southwark incorporated. ISOl. Na;yyard located. 1S03. First Hose Co. 1304. Germantown Perkionien Turnpike Co chartered, completed in two years. 1817. Medical Insliiute founried. 1809. Masonic Hall erected. 1830. Musical Hall finished. 1S23. Fairmount Water-works completed. 1836. House of Refuge incorporated. 1S29. U. S. Mint building commenced. 18:33. Girard College corner-stune laid, com- menced 1st Jan., 1343. 1335. Gas works erected. Philadelphia, p. v., Hancock co., Jm!.: on Sugar cr. and ihe Indiana Central R. P., 14 m. E. Indianapolis. PniLADRi.rniA, p. v., Marion co., Mo.: S5 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. PniLAPKLPniA, p. v., and cap. Neshoba co., Miss: about 4 in. S. of Pearl r., 67 m. E. N. E. Jacfkson. It contains a court-house and jail, and 200 inhabitants. PniLADELpniA, U and p. v., Jefferson co. 2i'. Y. : 338 m. 67d PHI PIC N. W. Albany. Drained by Indian r. and branches. Sur- face rolling and well timbered; floil clayey or sandy loam, and mostly ft-rlile. The "Walertown and Potsdam E. II. crosses it- The v. is on Indian r., where are several mills. Pop. of 1. 1,915. PciLADELpiHA, p. v., Van Buren county, la. : on the Des Moines, at the mouth of Liek creek, 01 m. S. S. Vi'. Iowa City. PmLADELPniA, p. V. and sla., Monroe cc, Tenn. : on the East Tennessee and Georgia K. 11,, 6 m. S. of Loundon, 133 ra. E. by S. Nashville. ^ PiiiLApELPuus, p. 0., Kobeson co., J^'". Car. : 6S m, S. S.W. P.ak'igh. FiiiLANTncoPY, p. o., Butler co., Ohio: 93 ni. "W. S. W. Columbus. PniLiPS county, Ark. Situate E., and contains 755 sq. m. Drained by St. Francis r. and its chief tributary, Lanquille r.. and by branch of White r. Surface varied, but in general is level, in the S. the land is low and subject to inundation; soil, where capable of cultivation, is fertile, and very pro- ductive, a dry sandy loam prevailing in theN. It is bound- ed on the E. by the Mississippi. Farms -409; manuf. 13; dwell. 809, and pop.— wh. 4,341, fr. col. 3, si. 2,591— total 6,935. Capital: Helena. Public Works: Southern Pacific K. R. (proposed.) Philips, t and p. v., Franklin co., Me. : 46 m. N. W. Au- gusta. Drained by Sandy r., a W. branch of the Kentiebec, affording water-power. Surface somewhat broken; soil very productive and well wooded. IN>p. of t. 1,073. PuiuPSBRRG, v., Warren co., A'. Jt^r. : on the E. side of Delaware r., opposite Easton. It is the terminus of the New Jersey Central li. K., and 7S m. W. by tliat line from New York. The Belvidere.Dela^^^lre K. K will also have its N. terminus at this point. Considerable business centres here, and the place has a fine prospect of becoming a station of some consequence. PuTLiPSBURG, p. v., Jcffefson county, O?iio : on the Ohio, opposite Wellsburg, Virg., 122 m. E. by N. Columbus. PiuLiPSBUBG, p. v., Centre co., Peiin. : on Mushanon cr., 20 m. S. of its entrance into the W. branch of Susquehanna r., S2 m. N. W. by W. Ilarrisburg. The cr. is na\'ii:able to the v., which contains several stores, mills, and manufac- tories of various kinds of iron-ware. PniLiPSPORT, p. v., Sullivan co.. j\\ Y.: on the Delaware and Hudson Canal, 20 m. N. E. Port Jervis, 77 m. S. S. W. Albany. Pnii-ii'STOWN, p. v., White co., UK: about 5 m. W. of Wabash r., US m. S. E. by S. Springfield. Philipsville, p. v., Alleghany co.. A' Y. : on Genesee r., 212 m. W. by S. Albany. It contains several mills, and is S3 m. S. W. of Uornellsville, on the Erie R. R. PniLLiPPA, p. v., and cap. Barbour co., Virg.: on the E. fork of Monnngaht'la r., 174 m. N. W. Richmond. It con- tains an aradeniy, the county buildings, several stores and mills, and 350 inhabitants. Phillips' Creek, p. c, Alleghany co., K Y. : 218 m. W. by S. Albany. PuiLLipsTON, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 5S m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by heads of Ware and Swift rivers, which move several mills and factories. Surface hilly ; soil adapted chiefly to grazing. Pop. of t. Si'9. PuiLLiPSviLLE, p. v., Erie CO., Penn. : 9 m. S. of Lake Erie, 195 m. N. W. llarrisliurg. PuiLL's CiiEEE. p. o., Jersey co., III. : on a S. br.inch of Macoupin cr.,55m. S. W.by S. Springfield. Name changed to Fidelity. PiULMouNT, sta., Columbia co., N. Y. : on the Harlem E. R., 31 m. S. of East Albany. PiiiLo, p. o., Muskingum co., Ohio: 85 m. E. Columbus. PiiiLoMATU, p. o., Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 58 m. N. by E. MiUedgeviHe. I'nu-oMATii, p. v., Union county, huK: 57 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. 070 PniLOMONT, p. 0., Loudon co., Vii-y.: 94 m, N. by W. Richmond. PuiLOPOLis, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : on the W. side of Great Gunpowder Falls, 84 m. N. by W. Annapolis. The V. is built of stone, and contains a flourishing school. The Ballimore and Susquehanna R. R. passes \ ra. W. of it. Pop. iOO. The adjacent district abounds in limestone, is highly cultivated, and inhabited by Frien7;(C<;;.- Pickens. Public Works: Kabun Gap li, li. (proposed.) PiciiKSs 0. II., p. v., and cap. Pickens dist., S. Car.: on the W. side of Keowee r., an afllucnl of the Savannah, 13S m. N. W. by W. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, a half dozen stores, and 800 inhabitants. The '* Kcowee Courier" (dein.) is published weekly. PirKENsviLLE p. V., Pickens county, Ala.: on the E. side of Tombigl»eo river, 126 miles V*'. N. "W. Montgitm- cry. It contains an academy, a dozen stores, and 27(i inhabitants. PuKENSviLLE, p. V., Pickeus dist., S. Car.: 116 m. N. "W. C^ilumbia. PicKKKiXG, p. 0., Chester co., Penn.: GS in. E. by S. Harrisburg. PfCKKEiNGTox, p. V., Fairfield co., Ohio: 14 ni. E. 8. E. Columbus. Pop. ISO. PicoLATA, p. v., St. John's CO., Fl^r. : on the E. hank of SU Jtihn's r.. 171 m. E. by S. Tallahassee, Piedmont, p. v., Harris co., Ga. : about G ra. E. of Chat- tahoochee r., Iii9 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. Piedmont, sUu, Allegh.iny ca. Md.: 2S m. W. of Cum- berland, on the Baltimore and Ohio E. li. PiHiucR county. Wise Situate W., and contains G40 sq. m. Drained by Trimble. Rush, and Isaltclla rivers; the two lat- ter flowing into Lake Pepin, which forms part of its S. boiuulary, and the fts-mer into the Mississippi on its S. K. border. Surface varied ; soil in parts fertile, but particularly »} on the river bIudson r., 115 ni. S. by W. Albany, '24 ni. N. by E. New York. It is of recent growth, consequent upon its se- lection as tbe E. terminus of the Erie R. R. wiihin tiie State of .V. y. It y Bogue C'liiito river and its branches, and Tangiapaho r., which enters Lake Pi>nt('Ii:\r- train in La., the adjoining State. Surface even ; soil fertile, and adapted to the emwlh of rice and cotton, which are the chief productions of the CO. Farms 55S ; manuf. 19; dwell. 698, and pop.— wh. 4,225, fr. ooL 33, sla. 3,1U2— totjil 7,360. 671 PIK PIN Ccpital : Holmesville. Public Woi'k^ : New Orleans, Jackson, and Norlliern K. R. Pike county, Mo. Situate E. toward the N., and contains 5S5 sq. m. Drained by branches of Cuivrc river in the S., and by Salt river, which runs through iis N. K. portion and fall3 into the Mississippi, the E. boundary of the co. Sur- face undulating; soil fertile, favorable to the growth of to- bacco, which is a principal proiluction. Sugar and Indian corn are produced largely. Farms 9S9; nianuf. 47; dwell. 1,671, and pop.— wh. 10,229, fr. col. 35, sL 8,275— toUd 13,609. CiipiUil: Bowling Green. Pike county, Ohio. Situate S., and contains 502 sq. m* Drained by Scioto r. and its branches. Surface varied, in some parts being hilly, but in general level; soil rich and productive. Staples wheat and Indian corn. Timber is abundant. Farms 731 ; manuf. 2S ; dwell. 1,935, and pop. — wh. 10,384, fr. col. 619— total 10,953. Capital: Pikelon. Public Works : Cincinnati, llillslioro' and Parkersburg K. E. ; Bainbridge Branch K. II. ; Ohio Canal, etc. Pike county, Perm. Situate E. toward the N., and con- tains 569 sq. m. Drained by branches of Delaware river, which bounds it on the E. and N., and by Lackawaxen river. Surface varied, for the most part it is mountainous and rough, but on the Delaware are some level bottoms; soil fertile on the streams, but in general poor. It has some extensive manufaclures. and much benefit is derived from the water-power supplied by the streams. Farms 370 ; manuf. 40; dwell. 964, and pop.— wh. 5,692, fr. col. 1S9— total 5,3S1. Capital : Milford. Public \Vwks : New York and Erie R. E. ; Delaware and Hudson Canal. Pike, t. and p, v., Wyoming co., J^. Y. : 216 m. W. Albany. Drained by "W. af!luents of Genesee r. Surface rolling; soil rich mold and alluvium. Wheat is a good crop, and the pastures are excellent. The v. is on West Koy cr., and contains a furnace, several mills, S or 10 stores, and about 800 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 2,003. Pike, p. o., Washington county, Me. ; 112 miles E. by N. Augusta. Pike, t. and p. o., Perry county, OMo : 45 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Occupying the water-shed between the Hock- ing and Muskingum, it is drained by small affluents of both, on which are good mill-sites. Surface varied ; soil generally very (erlile. Pop. 2,146. Pike, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 109 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Wyaliising creek, which supplies numerous water privileges. Surface broken ; soil gravelly. Lumber is a large exporL * Pike Creek, p. o., Eipley co., Mo. : 1-39 m. S. E. by S. Jefferson City. Pike Miu3, p. o.. Potter co., Penn.: on Pine cr., lOS m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. Pike Pond, p. o., Sullivan county, 2^. 3' .• 83 miles S. W. Albany. Pike Ron, t. and p. o., Washington co., Penn. : 157 m. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Pike Run, an aflliieut of the Monongahela, which forms its E. boundary. Surface divcr- Bifled ; soil productive and well tilled. The National Road crosses it. Pikesville, p. v., Baltimore county, Md. : 7 m. N. W. Baltimore, 31 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. It contains an academy, and 250 inhabitants. A little S. of it is a U. S. Arsenal. Piketon, p. v., Marion county, Ind.: 8 miles N. W. Indianapolis. PiKETos, p. v. and cap., Pike co., A'y. : on the W. fork of Big Sandy r., 139 m. E. by S. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, several stores and mills, and BOO inhabitants. Piketos. p. v., and cap. Pike co., Ohio: on the left bank of Scioto r.. 61 ra. S. by E. Columbus. It is 24 m. above the mouth of the r., on the opposite side of which is the Ohio Canal, and contains a court-house, jail, a dozen stores, and 690 inhabiUints. The Cincinnati, Hillsboro', and Parkers- 67S burg R. R. passes through it, 96 m. E. of Cincinnati. The " P. Journal" (whig) is published weekly. Pike Township, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : on Manatawny creek, 61 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Here are 2 forges, which in 1S49 made 24<3 tons of blooms. Pike Valley, p. o., Poller co., PeTin. : 112 ro. N. N. W. Harrisburg. Pikeville, p. v., and cap. Marion co., Ala.: about 8 m. E. of Buttahatchie r., 143 m. N. W. Montgomery. It con- tains the CO. buildings, several stores, and 250 inhabitants. I'lKEViLLE, p. v., Chickasaw county, i/wA ; US m. N. E, Jackson. PiKEviLLB, p. v., and cap. Bledsoe co., Tcnn. : on the W. side of Sequalchy r., 92 m. E. S. E. Nashville. It contains the county buildings and 300 inhabitants. PiLATKA, p. v., and cap. Putnam co., Plor. : on the W. side of St. John's river, 178 m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. Lat. 29° 38'. It is the place of re-shipment of the exports of the Upper St. John's and Ocklawaka rivers, and has regular steamboat connection with Savannah and Charleston. The exports are sugar, cotton, rice, etc., for the production of which the cane-brake marshes of the SL John's are so famous. It has recently been made a port of delivery. PiLcnEH, p. 0., Belmont co., Ohio: 106 m. E. Columbus. Pillar Point, p. o., Jefferson co., iV. Y. : on a peninsula on the N. side of the mouth of Black r., 146 m. N.W. by W. Albany. Pillow, p. o., Dauphin co., Penn. PiLLowviLLE, p. o., Weakly county, Tenn.: 104 m. W. Nashville. Pilot, p. v., Vermillion co., III. : 4 m. N. of Vermillion river, 95 m. E. by N, Springfield. Pilot Grove, p. o., Lee co., 2a. : 68 m. S. Iowa City. Pilot Grote, p. o., Hancock co., III. : 92 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Pilot Grote, p. o., Cooper co., Mo.: 44 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Pilot Grove, p. o., Grayson co., Tex. : on a small head stream of East Trinity r., 233 m. N. by E. Austin City. Pilot Hill, p. v., and cap. Fulton county. Ark. : 110 ra. N. by E. Little Rock. It contains the county buildings and several stores. Pilot Hill, p. o.. Mason co.. Til. : 42 m. N.W. Springfield. Pilot Knob, St. Fran9ois co.. Mo. : 21 m. S. S. E. Potnsi ; a mountain of iron, 1,500 feet high. See Missouri, p. 493. Pilot Knob* p. 0., Todd co., Ky.: 153 m. S. W. by W. Frankiort. Pilot Knob, p. c, Crawford co., 7?^. ; 119 m. E. S. E. Springfield. Pilot Peak, Utah Ter.: a lofty peak in the range of mountains between Great Salt Lake and the Humboldt River Mountains. PiNCKNEY, p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 89 m. S. E. by E. Lansing. Pinokney, p. v., Warren co., Mo. : on the N. side of the Missouri, 51 m. E. by N. Jefferson City. PiNCKNEY, p. o., Williamson co., Temi. : 24 m. S. by W. Nashville. PiNCKNEYViLLE, p. V., Tallapoosa CO., Ala. : on the Ililla- bie Hatchie, a W. affluent of Tallapoosa r., 52 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. PiNOKNEYViLLE, p. V., Gwinnctt CO., Ga. : on the 8. side of Chattahoochie r., 91 m. N. W. Milledgeville. PiNOKNEY^'iLLE, p. v., and Cap. Perry co,. III.: on Big Beaucoup cr., a N. branch of Big Muddy r., 124 m. S. by E. Springfield. It contains a court-house, jail, high-school, several stores, and 500 inhabitants. PiNOKNEvviLLE, p. v., Union dist., S. Car.: on the W. side of Broad r., near the mouth of Pacolet r, 66 m. N. N.W. Columbia. Pine Blitff, p. v., and cap. Jefferson co., ArJc. : on the right bank of Arkansas r.. 36 m. S. S. E. Little Rock. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 460 inhabit- PIN PIN nnts. Corn and live-stock are SL-nt down the r. Troiii lliis point to a large amount. The "Arkansas llepublicau" (dem.) is published weekly. Pine Bluff, p. o., Callaway co., Kr/. : 206 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Pine Bluff, p. o., Dane co., TTV.sr. Pine Bluff, p. o., Copiah eo.. Miss.: on a S. branch of Bayou Pierre, 32 ni. S. W. Jackson. Pise Blltf, p. v., Pulaski co., Mo. : near the confluenee of Big Piney fork and Gasconade r., 46 m. y. Jefferson Cily. Pine Bluffs, p. o., Red Kivcr co., jfl-vP. .• on Ecd river, 206 ni. N. N. K. Auslin Cily. PiNEBuKo', p. o., Marion co., Flor.: near the source of Oclawaha r., 167 m. S. E. Tallahassee. Pine Brook, p. v., Morris co., N. Jei\ : on the N. side of Passaic r., 4S ni. N. E. by N. Trent«>n. Pine Creek, p. o., Calhoun co., ^fich. : on an affluent of •tlie St. Joseph's, 5S m. S. W. Lansina;. Pine Creek, p. c, Tioga co., Penn.: 9S m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Pine Ckeek, p. o., Ogle co., III. : on a W. afiluent of Kock r., 153 m. N. Springfield. Pine Flat, p. o., Bossier parish, Z;inl<: of the MnimnLMlK-ln, and pliinaeil afit-r !lie nKxiel of rhilaver which an immenst? transit and internal commerce is carried on, and ils conm-clioii wilh Lake Krie is provided fur. Wc^lwanl long lini's r civil purposes Iho city is divided into nine wards. The value of taxable property in the cily in 1351 amounted to $65,000,000. The means of education provided in the cily are ample. In 1>'50 there were 36 public schools, and 10 others wero being built: teachers. 71— males 10, ami females 52; schol- ars, 5,141 — males 2,5S3, and females 2.561 ; cost of instruc- lirm, $17,5^6. of which $2,804 was from the .State scIhm.I fund, and the remainder raised by taxation. These .schools are conducted under the general law. There ar.' also other academies, seminaries, grammar schools, etc, chiefly pri- vate establishments, at which large nunil^ers of ehililrcn are educated. The periodical press of Pittsburg consists of 11 daily newspapers, 2 Iri-weeklies. 17 weeklies, 1 semi-monthly, and 2 monthlie,s. The dailies are, the '* P. Gazed.-" (whig), the "Moruing Post" (dem.), the "Staats Zeilung" (whig), the *'P. Courier." the "Tribune and Express" (indep.), the "Chniniclf," the "Commercial Jminial"' (whig), the "Dis- patch" (indep.), the "Transcript and Commereial Adver- tiser," Iho "P. American" (whig), and the "Daily News." €Sl PIT The tri-weeklies are, the " P. Gazette" and " Commercial Journal," editinnsi of the dailies of the same title ; the week- lies are, the " P. Gazette." the " Saturday Post," the " Staals Zviiung." the *• Commercial Journal," the '* Dispatch," and the "P. American," editions of dailies, "Der Freiheita Frtimd," the "P. Mercury," the "Iron City" (lit.), the "American Protestant" (relig.), the "Ledger." the "Chris^ tian IlL-rald" (Meth.), the "Saturday Visitor" (lit.), the "Prestjytt-rian Advocate," the " Preacher," the "P. Chris- tian Advocate" (Meth.); the semi-monthly is the "Friend of Missions," and the monthlies are "Sibbet's Western Re- view" and the *' Missionary." The population of Pittsburg in ISIO was 4.7GS ; in lS2fl, 7,24S; in 1830,12,563; in I&IO, 21,115; and in 1S50, 46.601. In these sums the population of the city proper is only stated. The city, including its metropolitan district, in 1850 contained 86,771, and in January, 1663, 110,241 inhab- itants. Ali^g?L(iny Citt/, the principal suburb, of -which a brief mention has been made in its ali)habelical order, is in itself a considerable place. It enjoys the same facilities for manu- factures, commerce, and internal trade as Pittsburg, but perhaps not in so aAvanl^igeous a degree, and is occupied chietly in the same pursuits. Here is assembled a popula- tion of 21.261 souls; in 1S30 the city contained only 2.801, and in 1S40, 10,0S9 inhabitants, being an increase of 2G0.2 per cent., and the increase in the decade ending 1S50, was 110.7 per cent. Alleghany, indeed, has at the latter date the same population as Pittsburg had in 1S40. The West- ern Penitentiary of Pennsylvania is located in Alleghany, and is a very expensive edifice. The Western Theological Seminary (Presb.) is also established here. It occupies a commanding eminence, overlooking the surrounding coun- try. The building is 150 feet long, the centre being 4 stories and the wings 3 stories high. There are about 30 churches in the city, several of them large and elegant structures. Tlie city has a considerable commercial and manufacturing interest. Hardware and cutler>', iron work of all kinds, machinery, cotton goods, and numerous other valuable manufactures are produced. The whole manufacturing capital of the place is nearly $4,000,000, and goods to a great value are annually produced. It is divided into 4 wards, and is governed by a mayor and common coimcil. In 1850 it had 27 common schools, with 42 teachers and 3,270 schol- ars— 1,730 males, and 1.540 females. Binningham borough is another important suburb. It is on the S. side of the Monongahela, about 1 m. distant from the centre of Pittsburg. It has considerable manufactures of iron, glass, pottery, etc., and a population of 3.742. A briilge and a ferry connect it with the city. South Pitts- hiirg, adjoining it on the W., has 1,SS3 inhabitants, and ^iiftt Sinningha7nYia9 1,694 inhabitants. Ma nch filter, on the W. of Alleghany City, has 1,775. Lawrenceville, on the Alleghany, above Pittsburg, 1,746, and Sharpsburg, higher up on the opposite side the river, 1,229 inhabitants. PiTTSiiuRG, t. and p. o., Coos eo., 2^. I/amp. : in the ex- treme N. of the State, 133 m. N. by E. Concord. It com- prises a large territory of rugged surface, densely wooded, and contains Connecticut lake, and several head streams of the Connecticut. Pop. 425. PiTTfiFTELD, p. V., and cap. Pike co., M. : 64 ra. W. by S. Springlield. It lies on the high land between the Mis- sissippi and the Illinois, about 11 m. W. of tlie latter, and has a healthy location and a growing trade. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 15 or 20 stores. The "Pike County Free Press" (whig), and "The Union" (dem.), are issued weekly. PiTtsFiELD, t and p. v., Berkshire co., 3fa8s. : 114 m. W. Boston. Lat. N. 420 26' 55", long. W. 7S0 15' 36". Surljicc of t. is elevated, and moderately uneven ; soil fertile loam. Drained by Housatonic r. and the Pontoosuc, which unite near the v., and afFonl water-power. The v. is jileasantly Bituated near the centre of the t., and is surrounded with PIT beautiful scenery. It is regularly laid out and handsomely built. At its centre is a handsome square, containing 4 acres, upon the sides of which are some of the principal buildings. There are four churches. 1 bank, capital 1200.000, and numerous fact<^>ries. The Berkshire Medical Institution, located here, was founded in 1S23. In 1S50 it had 5 pro- fessors, 103 students, and 473 alumni. The Young Ladies' Institute is a very flourishing and popular seminary, it oc- cupies 3 handsome buildings, and is surrounded with beau- tiful grounds. The Western E. K. passes through the v., 151 m. from Boston, and 49 m. from Albany. Here termi- nates the Housatonic R. Fv., from Bridgeport, 110 m. ; and here commences the Pittsfleld and North Adams K. K., 20 m. long. Three newspapers are issued weekly—" Mass. Eagle" (whig), " P. Sun" (dem.), " Culturist and Gazette" (agric.) Pop. in 1S40, 3,747 ; in 1S50, 5.S72. PiTTSFiELD, t, and p. v., Somerset county, 3fe. : 37 ra. N. N. E. Augusta. Drained by Sebasticook r. and branch- es. Surface moderately uneven ; soil fertile and well tilled. Pop. oft 1,166. PiTTSprELD, t. and p. o., Washtenaw co., 3fiek. : 59 m. S. E. Lansing. Dra'ned by Mullet's cr. of Huron r. Sur- face undulating; soil deep loam, and very productive. A plank-road passes through to Ypsilanii, and the Michigan Central Pv. R. passes along the K border. Pop. 1,232. PiTTSFiELD, t. and p. v., Merriraac co., N. Uarnp.: 11 m. E. N. E. Concord. Drained by Suncook r., which supplies water-power. Surface diversified. Catamount Mountain occupies the S. E. part ; soil fertile. The v. contains a bank, an academy, and several manufactories. Population of t. 1,S2S. PinsFiELD, t and p. o., Otsego co., N. Y. : on the E. side of Unadilla r., 82 ra. W. AIb.iny. Drained by Wharton's creek, which with the river affords good water-power. Sur- face hilly; soil sandy loam, and in the valleys very fertile. An excellent farming and grazing t., with growing manu- factures. Pop. 1,591. PnTsnT:Li>, t and p. o., Lorain county, 0?iio : 05 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by the W. branch of Black river, which supplies water-power. The Toledo, Norvvalk, and Cleveland P. R. passes on its N., and the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati R. E. on its S. border. Pop. 1.0S8. PiTTSFiELP, p. v., Warren eo., Penn. : on Broken S[r.aw creek, a W. affluent of Alleghany r., 169 m. N. W. Ilarris- burg. It 13 on the proposed route of the Sunbury and Erie Railroad. PiTTSFiELi), t and p. 0., Rutland county, Ver^m. : 84 m. S. by W. Montpelier. Drained by branches of White river. Surface mountainous; soil fit only for grazing, which is the chief pursuit. Pop. 512. PiTreFOKD. t,, p. o.. and sta., Hillsdale co., Mkh. : 66 m. S- by E. Lansing. Drained by Tifiin's cr. and St. Joseph's, of the Maumee, which furnish water-power. Surface some- what hilly ; soil admirably adapted to grain. The sta. is 23 miles W. of Adrian, on the Michigan Southern E. E. Pop- ulation 1,223. PirrsFonn, t. and p. v., Monroe co., N. Y. : 233 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by branches of Irondequoit cr. Surface undulating; soil calcareous loam, and very productive of wheat. The Rochester and Syracuse E. E. and the Erie Canal cross the t., on both o( which is the v. 10 m. E. of Rochester. It contains 3 elmrches, 2 academies, several stores and warehouses, and about 800 inhabitants. Popula- tion of t. 2.0C1. PiTTSFORD, t. and p. v., Rutland co., Vet'm. : 44 m. S. W Montpelier. Drained by branches of Otter cr., which flows through and furnishes much water-power. Surface uneven, but not rugged ; soil sandy or clayey loam, and very fer- tile. Wool-growing is a leading interest. Marble and iron ore are abundant. The v. contains several stores, and is 11 m. N. of Rutland, on the Eutland and Burlington li. E, Pop. of t. 2,026. Put's Gkove, t. and p. o., Salem co., A'. Jer.: 47 m. PIT PLA B. S. W. Trenton. Drained by Maurice r. ami its branches, which move several mills. Surface level or undulating; soil sandy or gravelly loam, of ordinary fertilily. It has some excellent timber land. Pop. 1,151. Upper Pitt's Grove was taken from it in 1S46. Pitt's Polnt, p. o., Bullitt co., Ki/. : 52 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. PiTTSToN, t. and p. v., Kennebec county, Mr. : on the E. Bide of Kennebec r., 7 m. S. by E. Augusta. SurHice plcas- fintly diversified ; soil very productive. A superinr fanning anil grazing L, with a sufliciency of water-power, abund- ance of timber, and a brisk river trade. The v. is in the N. W., on the r. Pop. of t. 2.S23. PiTTSToN FEr.RV. p. 0., Liizcme county, Pf.nn.: on the Susquelianna, at the mouth of Lackawannoc creek, 91 m. N. E. by N. llarri&burg. PirrexowN, p. v., Hunterdon cc. K. Jer. : 26 m. N-W. by N. Trenton. It is on a "NV. affluent of the S. branch of llaritan river, which moves several mills in the vicinity. PiTTSTOwN, t, and p. v.. Rensselaer co., jV. }'. ; 21 m. N. E. Albany. Drained by Tomhenick cr., and in the N. by Iloosic river, which furnish fine water-power. Surface un- even, and in parts broken; soil loam, mixed with sand or gravel, and produclive under good cultivation. It has nu- merous manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, lumber, etc. The Troy and Rutland R. R., and Troy and Boston R. R. cross the N. part; on the latter is P. sta., 14 m. from Troy. Pop. of t. 3,732. PiTTsvLVANiA coimty. Jlrg. Situate S., and contains S66 Bq. m. Drained by Dan and Canister rivers, and branches of Staunton r. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and generally productive. Chief products, wheat, Indian com, and to- bacco. Farms 1,524; manuf. 101* ; dwell. 2,sn4, and pop. — wh. 15.2G?, fi-. col. 735, si. 12,798— total 2S,79lj. Capital: Competition. PiTTSYLTANTA CoFRT-HOrsE, p. T., and Cap. Plttsylvania CO.. Viiy.: on a N. branch of Banister r., 112 m. W. S. W. Richmond. It contains a court-house and jail, an acad- emy, several stores and workshops, and 350 inhabitants. The village is called also Competition. Placer county, OiUf. Situate E. middle, and contains 1.601} sq. m. Drained by American r. and its forks. Sur- face mountainous, with considerable valleys. Fremont's lake lies on its E. border. Mining is the chief business. Numerous races, flumes, and canals have been constructed, costing nearly $2,000,000. Capital in mines, $1,427,567, and in other industries and trade about $600,0 10. Pop. in 1S52 — wh. 6,94o, negroes 80, mulattoes 9, Indians 730, Chinamen 8,019— total 10,783; Europeans 6-34. Capital: Auburn. Placerville. p. v., and cap. El Dorado co., Calif. ; 113 rn. N. E. by E. San Francisco, 91 m. E. N. E. Vallejo. Its site is uneven, anil is chiefly a mining settlement. It is one of the oldest mining towns in the State, and in 1853 is pretty well worked out, and consequently there is not as much doing as formerly. Pop. varies from 2 to 4.000. The houses are generally of clapboards. Supplies are obtained from Sacramento. The " El Dorado Xews" was ])ublislied week- ly in 1S52. Plain, t. and p. o,, Wayne county, Ohio: 71 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Muddy fork and Killhuck cr. of Wallionding r., which furnish numerous mill jirivileges. Surface varied ; soil fertile and well tilled. A superior farming t., containing several manufacturing vilhiges. The Ohio and Pennsylvania K.R. passes through it. P(»p.2..37J5. Plain, p. o., Greenville district, S. Car. : 97 m. N. W. Columbia. Plain-field, p. o., Bates county, Mo. : 124 ra, "W. S. W. Jefferson City. pLAixKir.LD. t., p. v.. and sta., Windham co.. Cwm.: on E. Bide of Qninnebaug r.39 m. E.by S. Hartford. Drained by Moosup r, which afTords good water-power. Surface mostly even ; soil rich sitndy loam. A superior farming t., containing various mannfactories. The Norwich and Wor- cester R. R. crosses the W. part, on which is the sta.. 16 m. N. of Norwich. The Hartford, Providence, and Fisbkill R. R. also crosses it. The v. occupies high ground, and contains a flourishing academy, founded iu 1733. I'opu lation of t. 2.730. Plainfielp. p. v.. Will co., IU. ; on a W. aflluent of Dcs Pliunes r., 14S m. N. E. by N. Springfield. The creek af- fords good water-power, which is vised to turn several flour- ing and saw mills. The v. contains a high school, SL-veral st<)res, and about 600 inhabilanls. Plainfield. p. v. and s(a., Hendricks co., Ind. : on White Lick cr. and the Terre Haute and Richmond R. R., 14 ra. W. by S. Indianapolis. A plank-road also leads to Indian- apolis. Plaintield, t. and p. v., Hampshire co.. Mttas.: 97 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained l>y heads of We.-IflL-Id r., wliich aflford water-power. Surface elevated and mountainous; soil fi-rtile in the valleys and generally good pasturage. Many small manufactories are operated. Pop. of t. S14. Platnfield, p. v., Livingston co., Mich. : 34 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Plainfield, t. and p. v., Sullivan co., A'! JTomp.: on the Connecticut. 45 m. N. W. Concord. Surface mo.IcrateJy un- even ; soil fertile. Large tracts of meadow border the river and its aflluents. A bridge crosses the river. The Queechy Falls -are opposite this town. At Mcriden vitlngc, in tlie E., is Kimball L'nion Academy, a large and highly popular in- stitution, incorjjorated in 1S13. Pop. of 1. 1,392. pLAiNFiELn, t. and p. v., Essex county, Al Jer.: 32 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. Drained by Green Brook, which forms its W. boundary, and E. by Robinson's branch of Railway r. Surface mostly even; soil clayey and fertile. Tlie New Jersey Central R. R. passes through (he W. part, on which and Green Brook is the v., 28 m. S. W. New York. It contains an academy, several mills antl factories, and about 1,000 inhabitants. The ** P. Gazette" and *' P. Union" (whig) are published here weekly. Fop. of t. 2,446. Set ofl' from Westfield in 1847. Plaixfielp, t. and p. v., f )Isego co, , y. T. : on the E. .side of UnadiUa r.. 73 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating, and in parts broken ; soil sandy and calcareous loam, and very fertile. Farming and grazing engross attention. Pop- ulation 1,449. Plainfield, p. v., Cumberland co., Ppiin. : on the S. side of Conedogwinit cr., 21 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Plai>tield, p. v., Coshocton co., Ohio : on Wills cr., an E. branch of the Muskingum, 65 m. E. by N. Columbus. Plainheld, t. and p. v., Washington co., Yeryii. : 9 m. E. Montpelier. Drained by Onion r., which affords water- power. Surface rough ; soil good. It contains a noted mineral spring. The village is on the river, where are sev- eral mills. Pop. of t. SOS. Plain Grove, p. o., Laurence county, Penn.: 179 m. W^. W. Ilnrrisburg. Plainsbobo', p. v., Middlesex county, JV". Jti-. : 12 miles N. E. by N. Trenton. ^ Plains of Dura, p. o., Sumter co., Ga. : 102 m. S. W. Milledgeville. Plainsville. p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : on Susquehanna r., 91 m. N. E. by N. Harrishurg. Plain View, p. c, Macoupin co., lU.: 46 m. S. S. W. Springfield. Plain View, p. o., King and Queen co., Virg.: 23 ra. N. E. Richmond. PLAIN■v^LLE, p. v., Hartford co., Cmm.: 14 m. W. S. W. Hartford. It has a brisk trade, anri contains several fur- naces and factories. The Hartfurd. Providence, and Fish- kill R. R. here intersects the Nrw Haven and Northampton (or Canal) R. R., 27 m. N. of New Haven. Plainville, p. v., Onondaga co., X. Y. : about 1 m. W. of Seneca r. and 2 m. E. of Cross lake, 138 m. W. by N. Albany. Plainville, p. v. and sta., Hamilton co., Ohio: on tho CSS PLA PLE nifle Miami R. R., 10 m. from Cincinnati, 92 m. S. W. Colli nib us. Plaiswell, p. 0., Allegan co., Jfich.: 61 m. "W. S. "W. Lansintj* Plaistow, t., p. o., and sta., Eockinsrhara co., iV! Jfnmp. ; 37 UK S. E. Concord. Surface uneven; soil very ft-riilo, a black loam mixed wilh clay and gravel. The Koston and Maine E. U. crosses the t, on which is the sta., 12 m. S. W. Exeter. Pop. T4S. Plank Uuad, p. o., Onondaga co., JV. Y. : 1'2T m-W. by N. Albany^ Plask Eoah, p. o., "Wayne co., Mich, : 62 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Formerly Livonia. Planteb's, p. o., Aitala co., Jfiss.: 72 m. N. E. by N, Jackson. Planter's, p. o., Philips en., ArK: : 9 m. "W. of the Mis- sissippi, S6 m. E. by S. Little Rock. Planter's IIall, p. o,, Breekenridge county, Ki/.: on Rough cr.. 97 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Plantivr's Sta:hd, p. o., Madison county, Ga. : 76 m. N. Milledgeville. Plantersville, p. v.. Perry co., Ala. ; on Mulberry cr., a N. affluent of the Albama, 43 m. "W. N. W. Montgomery. Plant^ville, sta.. New Haven co., Conn.: 6 m. E. of New Haven, on the New Haven and New London R. R. Plaqcemint; parish. La. Situate S. E., and contains 9C7 sq. m. It is wull watered by the Mississippi r., which flows through it from N. to S., forming the delta in its S. portion. Surface in general is low, particularly in the S., wlu/re it is subject to inundation from the Gulf of Mexico; the land in most parts being not more than 10 or 12 feet above the Gulf level; soil indifferent, but un the banks of the river are some fertile tracts, producing Inrge quantities of Indian corn, rice, and sugar, which form the chief articles of com- merce. The coast is indented wilh numerons bays, the principal of Mhich are West, East, Ronde, Garden Island, and Black bays. It also contains some lakes. Farms 205; nianuf. 0; dwell. 615, and pop.— wh. 2.221, fr. col. 390, si. 4j70_total 7.390. Capital: Fort Jackson. Plaquemine, p. v., Ibi-rville par., La. : on the right bank of the Mississippi, 23 m., by the river, bt'Iow Baton Rouije. It has a fine situation, is neatly built, and carries on a large trade with thi* rich plantations that He back of it, and ships great quantities of cotton hero. It was the former capital of the parish, and contains about 500 inhabitants. Plaqcemine bayou, La,: an outltH of the Mississippi r., 11" m. above New Orlrans. The waters of the Mississippi river only flow througli it when that river is at its extreme height. Plaqcemtne Brui.ee, p. 0., St. Landry par., La. : 67 m. W. Baton Rouge. Platea. p. o., Erie county, Penn.: 20S miles N. "W. Harrisburg. Plato, p. v., Cattaraugus co., K Y. : 246 m. W. by S. All)any. Plato, p. o., Lorain county, Ohio : 102 m. N. by E. Columl)U9. Plato, p. v.. Iroquois co., TU. : on the W. side of Iroquois r., 121 m. N, E. by E. Springfield. Platte county, Mo. Situate W. toward the N., and con- tains 393 sq. m. Drained by Platte r. arid otlier Iributarirs of the Missouri, which forms its S. and AV. boundary. Sur- face level iu general, in the W. it rises, and terminates in high bluffs on the Mississippi ; soil fertile, well adapted to grain and grazing. It has some good timber land. Farms 1,651 ; manuf. 61 ; dwell. 2,49!>, and pop.— wh. 13.997, fr. col. 50. St. 2.79S— total 16.S45. Capital: Plalle City. Ptildio Work-n: Platte County R. E. Platte ri vlt, 2iebt\ Ter. See description of Nebraska r, in Nebraska, p. 526. Platte On v. p. v., and cap. Platte co., 3fn.: on Platte rivt-r, IS m. above its entrance into the Missouri, 143 m. W. N. W. Jeflferson City. It contains a court-house, jail, 6S4 academy, several stores and manufactories, and 500 inhab- itants. pLATTEKn-i., t. and p. v.. Ulster eo,. y, Y. : 69 m. S. by "W- Albany. Drained E. by Old Man's kill, and W. by branches of 'WaUkill. Surface uneven: soil loam, mixed with gravel and clay. A grazing t., well wooded. The v. is 5 m. W. of the Hudson, and contains several stores. Pop. of t. 1,99s. Platte River, p. o., Buchanan co., Mo. : on the r. of ihat name, at the mouth of Cuslile creek, 147 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Platte viLi.E, t. and p. v., Grant co.. Wise. : 62 m. W. S. "W. Madison. Drained by Little Platle r. Surface uneven, and soil of modt-rate ft-rtility. It is rich in veins of lead an.: 11*9 m. W. by N. JelTerson City. Pleasant Hill, p. o., Northampton co., K. Car.: near the State line, 79 m. N. E. Raleigh. Pleasant Uill, p. o., De Soto county. Miss. : 164 m. N. Jackson. Pleasant ITill, p. o., Miami county, Ohio: G9 m. "W. Columbu.s. Pleasant Hill, p. o., Lancaster district, S. Car. : 49 m. N. N. E. i^'Mlumbia. Pleasant Hill, p. c, De Soto parish. La. : 1S7 m. N. W. Eaton liouge. Pleasant Hill, p. o., Fayette co., Virg. : 1 S9 m. W. by N. Eichmond. Pleasant Hfll, sta., Greenville co., Virg.: 12 m. N. of Weldon, on tho Petersburg R. R. Plkasant Hill, p. o., Hopkins county, Tex.: 245 m. N. E. by N. Austin City. Pleasant lake, JV. Y. : in Lake Pleasant t., TTamilton CO., 3 m. long, 1 t*i IJ m. wide, abounding with fine fish, and of much resort by amateurs. Pleasant Lane, p. o., Edgefield district, -S". Car. : 5S m. W. S. W. Columbia. Pleasant Mills, p. v., Adams co., Ind. : on St. M:iry'a r., 94 m. N. E. IndianapoUs. A plauk-road follows the r. N. W. to Fort Wayne. Pleasant Mount, p. o., Panola county, Miss. : 142 m. N. Jack son. Pleasant MorNT, p. o., Miller county, Mo, : 23 m. S. "W. Jefferson City* Pleasant Mottnt, p. v., Wayne co,, Pew.: on a N. branch of Lncliawaxen r, V2-2 n\, N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Pleasant Oaks. p. o., Brunswick county, Virg.: OS ra. S. by W. Riehmnnd. Pleasant Oaks, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Al Car.: 113 m. W. S. W. Raletgti. PtEASANToN, p. V., AthcHS county, Ohio: 63 m. S. E. Columbus. Pleasanton, p.v., Itawamba CO., J/iA',«. .-nam. N.E. byN. Jackson. Pleasant Park, p. o,, Carroll cmuly. Mo. : 82 ra. N. "W. Jefferson City- Pleasant Plain, p. o., Jefferson co., ///. ; 83 m. S. S. W. Iowa City. Pleasant Plain, p. o., Clermont co., Ohio: S5 m. S. W Columbus. Pleasant Plains, p, o.. Independence co., Ai-k: : CI m. N. E. by N. Little Rnr-k. Pleasant Plains, p. o., Sangamon co., PI. Pleasant Plains, p. o., Lincoln county, 7l';i«. ; 71 m. S. by E. Nashville. Pleasant Plains, p. o., Scott co., iT/o. ; on the N- point of the tongue of land separating lakes St. Mary and St. Jolin, 172 m. S. E. by E. Jefferson City. Pleasant Plains, p. o., Duchess co., A'. 3' .■ 55 m. S. Albany. Pleasant Plains, P.O., Cumberland co., jV. (Vf/-.; 51 m. S. S. W. Raleigti. Pleasant PnAiRrE, p. o., Greene county, 3fo. : 95 m. S. S. W. Jefferson City. Pi-easant Retreat, p. o., Lumpkin co.. Go.: 121 m. N. N.W. Milledgeville. Pleasant Retreat, p. o., Scotland co., 3lo. : 131 m. N. Jefferson City. Pleasant Ridoe. p. o.. Greene co., Ala.. ; about 3 m. S. nf Sipsey r. 112 m. \V. N. W. Montgomery. Pleasant Ripge, p. o., Tifiiiah co., MLss. : 1S3 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Pleasant Rii>ge, p. o., Greene county, //k/. .• 63 m. S.W. Indianapnlis, Pleasant Rioge. p. o.. Hot Springs co., Ark: : 46 m. S. W. by S. Little Ilock. Pleasant Ridge, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio: 97 m. S. "W. by W. Columbus. Pleasant Run, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio : 93 ra. S.W. by "VV. Columbus. Pleasant Run, p. o., Dallas co., T<.r.: on a "W. brantli of Trinity r. so called, 173 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Pleasant Shade, p. o., Smith eo., Teini. : 47 m. IC. by N. Nashville. Pleasant Shade, p. v., Perry co., III. : on the W. side of Litde Mud.Iy cr., a N. branch of Big Muddy r., 124 m. S. I>y E. Springfield. Pleasant Site, p. o., Franklin county. A/a. : 162 m. N. W. by N. M..ntg..mery. Pleasant Spring, p. o., Howard county, Ind. : 47 m. N. Indianapolis. Pleasant tTNiTY, p. v., ■VV('stmorolanTAUGO river, *S'. Car.: a tributiirj' of the Blacfe r. from the norih-wt-st. PocoTALiGO river, Kanawha co., Virff.: rises in Gilmer county, and after a S. W. course of 60 m., through a district nbrniu'tinc in bituminous coal and iron ore, for one-lhirU of uhifii it 13 boauible. empties into the Great Kanawha, about 40 ni. from its moulh. PoESTEN'KiLL, t uud p. V., Rcnsselacr co., 2i. Y. : 9 m. E. N. E. Albany. Drained by branches of the Poestenkill, which supply good mill-sites. Surface hilly and broken; 8i)il nioetly graziuii land. It has valuable deposits of marl and si'veral mat lutac luring establishments. The v. contains several mills and factories. Pop. of t. 2,092. PotSTENKiLL river, K Y. : rises in Rensselaer county and flows S. W. into the Hudson at Troy, affording many good mill-sites. It has falls on the side of Mount Ida, around which a small manufacturing village has sprung up. PoiNUEXTEE, p. v., Morioii CO., Ga. : S3 m. S. W. by W. Milledgeville. Puindexter'8, sta., Bedford co., Yirg.: 13 m. "W. of Lynchburg, on the Virginia and Tennessee K. E. PuiM)EXTBK"8 Stoee, p. 0., Louisa countj-, Virg.: 47 m. N. W. lliehmond. PoiNSKTT county. Ark. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 1,444 sq. m. Drained by Lanquille r. and SL Francis bayou, tributaries of SL Francis r. Surface gener- ally level; soil fertile, and adapted to corn. Farms 264; manuf. ; dwell. 350, and pop.— wh. 2,02G, fr. col. 3, sL 2T9 —total 2,.3US. Capital: Bolivar. PoissETT lake, Flor. : an expansion of the St. John's r., or a lake through which that river flows, in lat. 2S^ 2S'. Poinsett lake, Miim. Ter. : a small lake emptying into Sioux river. Point Cedab, p. o., Clark CO., Ark. : 64 m. "W. S. W. Little Koclf. Point Conlmebcr, p. v., Greene co., Itid. : on the "W. side of White r., at the junction of Eel r., 5S m. S. W. Indian- apolis. It is 42 m. S. E. of Terre Haute by the Wabash and Erie Canal, and has several mills and stores. Point Conception, Cul/f. : the most AV. point of Santa Barbara co. Lat. 340 20' 56"N., and long. 120° 25' 40" W. Point Cuui'KE parish, la. Situate S. E. centrally, and contains 429 sq. m. Drained by Bayou Fordoche and branches of Atchafalaya river; this latter forms its W. boundary, and along its banks are some fertile tracts of land. Surface level, and in general lying low, which makes it liable to inundation ; a great portion of the county is consequently unfit for cultivation ; soil where fit for tillage is fertile, and yields a rich harvesL Chief productions In- dian corn, cotton, and sugar. In the S. E. is Fausse river, which probably at one time was a bed of the Mississippi. Farms 24S ; manuf. 0; dwell. 760, and pop.— wh. 2.967, fr. col. 561, si. 7,S11— total 11,339. Capital: Point Coupee, Point Coupee, p. v.. and cap. Point Coupee, par. Xa, ; on the right bank of the Mississippi, nearly opposite St. Francis- ville, 36 miles by the river above Baton Kouge. Here are a court-house, j.iil, and a printing-office, from which the " P. C. Echo" (dem.> is issued weekly. The levee extends from this point to New Orleans. The inhabitants of the village are mostly wealthy, and of French descent, and their plant- ations stretch for miles along the river. Point Dottglass, p. v., Washington co., Minn. : at the onnfluence of St. CroLx r. with the Mississippi, 14 m. S. E. SI. Paul. Point Isabel, p. v., Clermont co., Ohio: 92 m. S. W. Columbus. Point Isabkl, p. t. and port of entry, Cameron county, Tw. ; 2S9 m. S. by E. Austin City. It lies near the S. end of the Laguna Del Madre, a few miles W. of Brazos San- tiago, and about 15 N. of the mouth of the Pvio Grande. It is a depot fur military and naval stores, and a landing G6S place for steamers destined up the Rio Grande, and for many of the Gulf ports. The tonnage of the district in ls50 was 401 Ions engaged in steam navigation, and 274 tons in the coasting trade. Point Jeffersox, p. c, Morehause parish, La. : 169 miles N. N. W. Baton Itouge. Point Mefiis, p. o., -Johnson co., Ark. : on Lillle Piney creek, So m. N. W. Little Pvock. Point of Kocks, p. v. and sta., Frederick co., Md. : on Potomac river, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. 57 m. "W. N. TrV. Annapolis. The station is 12 m. E. of Harper's Ferr}', on the Baltimore and Ohio K. K. The scenery along the river is magnificent. Point Peninsula, p. o., Jefferson county, JV. Y. : on a peninsula between Chamount bay and Lake Ontario, 149 ra. N. W. by W. Albany. Point Peter, p. o., Searcy co., Ark. : on Richland cr., 86 m. N. Little Rock. Point Peter, p. o., Oglethorpe co., Ga. : 63 m. N. by E. Miileilgeville. Point Pleasant, p. v., New Madrid co.. Mo. : on the Mississippi, 89 m. below the mouth of the Ohio, 202 ra. S. E. Jefferson City. It contains several stores and warehouses, and has a good landing, from which great quantities of com are sent down the river. Point Pleasant, p. o., Ocean co.,K.Jor.: on the N. end of Squam Beach, 3S m. E. by S. Trenton. Point Pleasant, p. v., Clermont co,, Ohio: on the Ohio, at the mouth of Indian cr., 23 ro. above Cincinnati, 90 m. S. W. by S. Columbus. A large quantity of pork is packed here. Point Pleasant, p. v., Bucks co., Peiin. : on Delaware river and canal, at the mouth of Tohickon cr.. 32 m. S. of Easton, 95 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. It contains several mills and about 200 inhabitants. Point Pleasant, p. v., and cap. Mason co., Virg. : on the Ohio, immediately above the moulh of the Great Kana- wha, 26S m. W. N.W. Richmond. It contains an academy, court-house, steam flouring-mill, steam saw-mill, several stores and tanneries, and about 500 inhabitants. Here, oi the lOlh of October, 1774, was fought the " Battle of Point Pleasant," the bloodiest ever fought with the rearis hilly; soil fertile. an"G9, p. v., Howard co., MiJ. : 35 m. N. W. Annapolis. Poplar Springs, p. v., Hall county, Ga. : 9S m. N. N. W. Miiledgeville. Poplin, t and p. o,, lioekinghara co., ^\ Ifamp. : 2S ni. S. E. Concord. Drained by Sqviamscot r. Surface uneven, but not roush; soil fertile. A farming t. Pop. 509. PoQi'ANOc Bridge, p. o.. New London co.. Conn. PoQUEToNucK, p. V., Ncw Loudon CO., Conn. : 2 m. E. of the Thames, on an affluent so called, 3S m. S. E. by E. H;irtford. Sloops como up near the v. at high water. The inhabitants are chiefly sea-faring men, or interested in the coasting- trade. PoQuoNOcic. p. v.. Hartford co., Omn. : on Farmington r., 9 ni. N. Hartford. It contains sevtral faclories and mills. Poi:polsk cape, Me. : the N. E. bounply immense water-power. The Genesee Valley Canal and Buffalo and New York City E. E. pass .through it. It ■was divided in 1S46, and the portion \V. of the ri\ er made a new t., and called Genesee Falls. The p. o. was formerly Williams* Place. Pop. 2.47S. P..RTAGE. t. and p. o.. Wood co., OJiio; «^3 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Drained I>y Portage r. and branches, on which are several mills. The v. on the N. side of the r. was laid out in 1&36, and contains various mechanic shops, etc. Pop. of t. 405. Portage, t.. Ottawa co.. OMo: a narrow neck of land between Sandusky bay and Lake Erie, on which is Port Clinton. Tlie Sandusky and Fort Wayne E. E. passes through it. Pop. 377. Portage, p. o., Cambria CO., /V«H..* 104 m.W. Harrisburg. PoitTAGE, t., Hancock county, Ohio: drained by the head waters of Portage r. Pop. 614. Portage, t.. Summit co., Ohio: at the portage between the Cuyahoga and Tusearuwas rivers. The Ohio Canal and the Cleveland, Zanesvitle, and Cincinnati II. E. pass through it. Akron, the county seat, is located in the S. E. part. Pop. of t. 4,386. Portage, t., Livingston co,, JV. 3' ; on the Genesee r., at the Great Falls, at which the descent in 2 m. is about 300 feet, aflR)rding great water-power. Tho scenery is magnifi- cent. Surface elevated and rotting; soil fertile. The Gen- esee Valley Canal passes through ttie t., and also the Buffalo and New York City E. E. Pop. 2,478. PoiiTAGE, t. and v., Kalamazoo oo., Mi>-h. : drained by Portage r. and the Sandy lakes. Siu-face level prairie; soil fertile. Pop. 726. Portage lake, Houghton co., Midi. : tliis lake lies on the Keweenaw peninsula, and empties into Keweenaw bay, an arm of Lake Superior. It is very irregular in its shape, and lias extensions N. and N. W., which bear the local names of Houghton's lake and Torch lake — tho first extending N. W. almost to the opposite side of the peninsula. A navi- gation miglit be formed through tliis lake, and a canal across the portage. Portage river, Ohio: an aflluentof Lake Erie, into which it falls at Port Clinton. It aflfnrds good water-power, and 4lrain3 tlie Black Swamp, an unhealthy, but whicli. if suit- ably drained, would make a very fertile country. The har- bor is the outlet of a considerable region. PonTAGE CiTv, p. v., Columbia county. Wise. : S3 m. N. Madison. Por.TAGE Lake, p. o., Jackson co., Mich. : S4 m. 8. S. E. Lansing. PoRTAGETiLT-E, p. V., Wyoming co., JV Y. : on tlie W. side of Genesee r., 214 m. W. Albany. Tlic river here falls at)out 300 feet in 2 miles, principally in three perpendicular descents, which furnish immense h\draulic power, and being surrounded by high steep banks, attract many visitors by the grandeur of the scenery through which the r. passes. The Genesee Valley Canal crosses the r. here in an aquc^ duct, and soon nfler enters a tunnel 4 m. long. The v. con- tains several factories and mills, a dozen stores, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Port Alleghany, p. v., M'Kcan co., Peiin. : on the left bank of Alleghany r., 134 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. Port At.lex. p. v., Louisa co., la,: on the left bank of Iowa r., 26 m. S. S. E. Iowa City. Port Blanciiarp, p. v., Luzerne co\x\\\j, Penn.: 74 m. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Pop.t Bodega, v. ami p. o., Sonoma ca, Calif. : on a fine bay, opening lo the Pacific, G3 m. N. W. Vallejo. It was ft>rmerly a Eussian station. PortBtron, p. v., Eock Island co., Ill: on the Missis- sippi, 131 m. N. by W. Springfield. Port Byron, p. v., Cayuga co., N. Y. : on the Erie Canal, 2S m. W. of Syracuse, 146 m. W. Albany. It contains a large flouring establishment, several mills, 20 stores, and 1,200 inhabitants. Port Caddo, p. v., Harrison co., 7t'.7*. ; near the W. end of Lake Caddo, 272 m. N. E. Austin City. Steamers ply from this point to Shreveporl, freighted with the staples of the CO., principally cotton and corn, of which a large amount is shipped hence down Eed river. Port Carbon, p. b., Schuylkill co.. I>un.: on Schuylkill river, at the junction of Mill' creek and head of Schuylkill Navigation Canal, lOS m. N. W. Philadelphia, 46 m. N. E. Harf'ishurg. In 1S29 tliere was but one house here. The v- is tho creation of the coal trade, which forms the almost ex- clusive employment. Pop. 2.142. Port Chl-ster, p. v. and ata., Westchester co., K Y. : on G91 FOR the W. side of Kyram r., here the E. line of the Slate, lOS m. S. Albitny. It is I 111- from the sound, where is a steamboat landing, from wliich boats ply to New Yorli, and 29 m. N. E. of New Vorl;, on the New Yorli and New Haven U. It. ll contains several manufactories, 20 stores, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Poi'.T Clinton, p. v., port, and cap. Ottawa Co., Ohio : on the S. side of Portage river, at its entrance into Lake Erie, 115 m. N. Columbus. It has a good harljor, with a light- house at its entrance, and contains a court-house, jail, sev- eral stores and mills, and 249 inhabitants. Tlie railroad from Sandusky City to Fort Wayne passes through it. Im- ports in 1S50, $3S,9T8, and exporia, !f24,T55. PoKT Cluston, p. v., Lake county. III. : 19S m. N. N. E. Springfield. Port Clistos, p. v., Schuylkill co., Penn. : at the conflu- ence of the Little Schuylkill and the Schuylkill, and above the Water Gap in Blue Mountain, 51 ui. E. N. E. Ilarris- burg. It is one of the great coal depOU of the anthracite region, and being on the line of the Schuylkill Canal and Heading U. 11., it enjoys a large share of the trade coimected with the mines. The Little Schuylkill E. Pv. also diverges from this poinl, and a number of other railways connecting with the mines arc indirectly connected wilh the porl. There are large iron works in the vicinity, and in tlie v. a rolling mill of 1,500 tons annual capacity, also various me- chanic shops, stores, etc. Port Conwav, p. v., King George co., rirg.; on the left bank of Uappalmnnock r., 43 m. N. by E. Pvichmond. ■Wheat and corn arc shipiied here in large quantities. PoKT Cr.vse. p. v., Broome co., A'". 1'. ; on Chenango r. and canal, S m. N. of Binghaitipton, 107 lu. W. by S. Albany. Port Deposite, p. v., Cecil co., J/pi, 52 m. W. S. W. Jackson. The v. has a large trade in cot- ton, whifh is sent down the bayou in keel boats most of the year, or by land to Grand Gtdf, its port, ft contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 500 inhabitants. The " Herald and Correspondent" (whig) is published weekly. Port Gibson, p. v., Ontario co,, N. Y. : on the Erie Canal 34 m. E, of llochester, lu7 m. W. by N. Albany. Port Glasgow, p. v., 'Wayne co., 2^. Y.: on the S, side of Lake Ontario. 151 m. W. N. W. Albany. Port Henry, p. v., Es.sex co., iS^. }'. ; on the W. shore of Lake Chainplain. opposite Crown Point, 91 m. N. l)y E. Albnny. It has a convenient steamboat lanuil,'. "W. Albany. POR POR Poet Jeffei:s.in-. p. v.. Stiff .Ik en.. A"", J'. ; nn (Ik- \. siile of Lons: IsIfttuL at the hc:iil of Drowtu-d ,Nfc;tii"\v llarimr, lis m. S. S. E. Albany. Ii ootiraiiis several sliip-yards. nn'l 85(1 inliabilanU (.'nga^e'I in ship-builiiint; iind n.-ivi^atinii. Port .Iervis, p. v., Orange co., A'^ Y. : on tlie k-ll I)ank of Dvlawart- r., at llic conflm'tice of Ncvi-rsinl; river. 9t m. S. S. W. Albany. This plaeo is on \\k- D.-lawan- ami Ihi-I- son Canal, and owes its nriiriii :ini'Ia\var(' sla. are extfTisive depfits, fntriiu'-lionsfs, offics, etc, helnnjiin^ t" Ihe ci.nipaiiy. The busini ss done In-re is ohitfly in coal and limbtT. The scenery uroimd ihe village is inagnifli-ent. Th>- Neversink is erossed iiy a bridtre 55 feet biuh, witli a span of I5i) feel. The v. eonluiri'^ 4 or 5 ehnroln-s, a female seminary, several schools, a targe grist-mill, hotels and stores, atid about (jiiri iidiabitan;s. Port Kf.ndalt.. p. v., Essex co., A'^ Y. : on the "W. shore of F-ake Champlaiu, and N. si1 m. N. W, FhiladelpUia, nn the Piiiladrl[diia and Pweailing R. R. Port Kr\t. p. v., Essex co., y. Y. : on Lake Chaniplain. 12 m. S. of PI:itLn co.. Ay.; on the Oliio, .■? m. bt-low Louisville. 52 m. W. by N. Frankfort. It is well built along the hank of the r., and contains several com- mercial houses, and about l,fiOO iuhabitanLs. Omnibuses 5»ly hourly to Louisville, an'i a ferry connects it willi New Abtany on the N. side of (he Ohio. Poi;TLANn. p. v., port jif entry, and cap. Washington co., Orei/. : on the left bank of Willamette r.. above its entrance into^he Columbia, 47 m. K. by E. Salem, It is a place of cousid tons en- rolled and licensed. The registered tomiage consisted of 46.621 tons permanent, and 13,6's:J tons letnporary, of which loo tons were propelled by steam. The enrolleil and licensed loiLuage consisted of 25,665 Ions ''permanent," winch were employed as follows: in coasting trade. 10,427 t..- 22 m. N. N. W. Frankfort. Poet Eotal, p. v., Juniata co., Pemi. : on the S. side of W. branch of Susquehanna r.. 31 m. \>. H. W. Harrisburg. Poet Koyal, p. v., Montgomery co., Tenn. : on lied r., 33 m. N. W. Nashville. It contains several mills and stores and 250 inhabitants. Port Eoval, p. v., Caroline CO., Vlrg. : on the right l)ank of Eappaliannock r., U m. N. N. E. Itichmonhery 2.664 tons, mackerel fishery 1,204 tons. During the year ending 301h June. 1S50, the number of clearances for foreign countries was 107— S.213 tons; nuinl>er of entrances do., 110—11,044 tons. Vessels built during the year, 10— S ships, 2 schooners— 6.914 tons. Newspajiers— " P. Dispatch," daily; "EockingUam Messenger'' tindop.) POR POT "N. 11. Gazelte" (deui,), "P. Journul" (wliiii), weekly. Pop. in ISIO, 6,9:54; in 1S2U, 7,327; in ISSO, S,0!>2; ia 1^40, 7,3S7; in 1S50, 9,739. Portsmouth, p. v., Carteret co., y. Oat: : 143 m. E. by S. Ealeigh. It is on llie S. siiie nf Opracoke inlet to Pamlico Sound, and prinoipally inlinbifed hy fishermen and pilois. PoRTSMorTH. p. v., and cap. Scioto co., Ohio : on the Ohio river, at the mouth 50. Pott's Ckeek, p. o., Alleghany co., I'irff. : 146 m. W. by N. Eichmond. Pott's G aovE, p. v., Northumberland co., Pemi. : 49 m. N. Harrisburg. Porr's GuovE, t., Montgomery county, Penn.: 6G ro. E. C96 Harrisburg. Drained l\v Manat^iwny and Sprogel's linn, and the Schuylkill r. bounds it on the Mmtli. Surface hilly; soil red shale. The p. o. is at Pott-Hlr>wn. There are several furnaces, rolling-mills, etc. in the town, and also other manufactures. Pop. 2,711. Putt's Mills, p. o., Jessamine county, Ky. : 32 m. S. E. Frankf.irt. PoTfsTOwN, p, 1)., Montgomery co., Penn.: on the left bank of Schuylkill r., at the mouth of M.matawuy cr., 65 m. E. Harrisburg. It has good water-power, and contains an academy, a forge, a rulling-niill, using steam, several factories and mills, and 1,647 inhabitants. Near it is a furnace of 1,400 tons capacity. The Schuylkill canal passes along the r., and the Pliiiadelphia and Reading li. K.. I'y which it is 40 m. from Philadelphia. Two weeklies are pub- lished, the " M. Ledger" ^dem.), and the "Neulrolist" Pop. G47. PoTTSviLLE, p. o,, Washington co., Ta. PoTi-sviLLE. p. v., Schuylkill county, Penn.: near the Schuylkill, above the gorge where that river breaks through Sharp Mountain, 4G m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. Pottsville, as ineori)ora(ed in 1S2S, embraces also the once separate villages of Mount Carbon, Morrisville, Gi'eenwood, Salem, Rath, and AUeiiville. Mount Carbon comprises ihe soutliorn part of pottsville lying in the valley between Sharp and Second mountains. The scenery of the surrounding country is wild and picturesque, and in its mountainous top(tgraphy presents many romantic localities. Pottsville is noted as a great mining dep6t for the anthracite and iron regions of the Upper Schuylkill. The Schuylkill Canal has ils terminus at this point, and also the Philadelphia, Reading, and Pottsville R. li., wliich here connect wilh several railroads leading to llie neialiboring mines, and with the Suubury and Erie R. K. now in course of construction between the two places. This latter road when completed will furnish one of the nearest routes from the Atlantic coast and the lakes, and insure to Philadetphia ils just share otthe commerce of those inland waters. The canal and the Reading R. 11. are the avenues rljmt town in the county. In 1340 it contained 4,345 inhabitants, and in 1S50 it had 7,946 inhabitants, being an increase in the decade of 82.9 per centum. The distance to Philadel- phia by railroad is 93 miles. Pouch Creek, p. o., Campbell co., Tenn. : 131 m. E. by N. Nashville. PouGUKEEpsiE, p. V., Alien CO., Ind. : lOS m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. PouGHKEEPsiE, t., p. V., and cap. Duchess county, Al Y.: 66 m. S. Albany. Drained by \S'api)ingrr's au'i Fall creeks, which supply water-power. Surface undulating, ami in some parts nmgh and broken; soil sand, clay, and loam, underlaid by limestone, and very fertile. Tiie v. lies on the E. bank of Hum POU PRA in front of Ihc landing. The stret-ta art- regularly laid out, and are spacinus, with n)atiy handj-otne and substantial bLiildings. Main Streel, leading back from tin- landing, is the [iriticipal sJreeU Many of tlie elmrclies. of which Ihere are Iti or IT, are expensive edifices, and tasteful and elegant in their arcliilectural einbcllisliinenls. Tlie v. coniains the county court-hiiuse, jail, 4 I>atiks — cap. $Gii0.i>00, a s.nvinijs' inslilntinn, the county ponr-house, a collegiate schoi)!, an academy, and {oinale seminaries, numcnms public schools, a lyceum, two market-houses, and a variety of oilier public buildings and instituli'ms. The newspapers published here are ttie " 1*. Joitrnal ami Eagle" twhig). the '' 1'. Telegraph*' (dem.), and the " I*. American'' (K. 8.), all issued weekly, an«i having extensive circulation. The Cullegiate School has a fine lneaiion . The State and National Law School has recently been removed from Ualston to Pouf^hkeepsie. A large business wiih the back ootmlry is transacted at Poughkecpsie. The jirincipal manufactures, brass and iron ■ware, carpets, cotton gnghkeepsic was incorporated in ISOl. Its name is said to have originated from the Indian name of the place, Apnkeepsing " safe harbor.'* Its population, in 1S30, was 7.222; in 1S40. 10,000; and in ISSO, 13,0-tl; the decenni;d increase having beni from 1S30 to 1S40. 3S.54 per cent, and from 1S40 to IS-iO, 39.35 per cent. In 17>3 the State con- vention met here to deliberale on the adoption of the United States Constitution, an;tny. Surface hilly and stony; s-.il gravelly loam. A farming and grazing t.. with several smalt manu- factories. The village contains two churches, and about 40 dwellings. Pop. 1,4SG, rovEP.TY Hill, p. o., Edgefield disl., S. Car. ; about 3 m. E. of Savannah r., 71 m. S. W. by "W. Columbia. Q4 Powohn i^pRiNG Gap, p. o., Grainger co., 71 tin.: l^C ra. E. Navhvillr. PowDiiK Si*RiN(is, p, o., CobI) Co., o'ii. : near Sweet ^Vat(■r er., a W. branch of Chaitahuochee r., Hi5 m. N. \V. li\ \V. Mille. .- 02 ra. N. E. by E. Frankfort. Poweshiek county. /-/. Situate S. K. centrally, and con- tains 570 sq. Ml. Drained by N. fork of Iowa r , X. fork of Skunk r., and Beaver antisvillc. Powhatan Poi.nt, p. v., Belmont co., Ofno: on llie Ohio, 115 m. E. Columbus. Powhatan. s!a.. Powhatan co., Virg. : 22 m. from Rich- mond, on the Richmond and Danville R. R. Powl's Valley, p. o.. Dauphin co., J'f}}>i. PowNAL, t. anil p. o., Cnmberlan sq. m. Drained by branches of Arkansas r, tlie princi- pal one being Bayou Meter, which passes through It cen- trally. Surface generally even; soil fertile. It h:is some good timber buul. Farms 155; manuf. 0: 4lwetl. 32S. and pop._wh. 1,S12, fr. col. 12, si. 273— toud 2,097. Capital; Brownviile. 691 PRA PEA Prairie, p. o., Lewis county, 3to. : about 6 m. W. of the Mississippi, luT m. N. by E. Jt-fferson City. PiiAiitiK, t., Franlilin Co., Ohio: 9 ni. W. S. VT. Columbus. Drained by Darby cr. anil \[& Iributaries. Surface generally levfl i>rairic. Tlie Nalinnal linail .inJ the Columbus and Xonia l;. l:. pass through it. Top. 1,04;S. I'n.viBiE river, 3Ilch. : a tributary of St. Joseph's r., about 40 in. I"ng. It baa ita source in several small lakes, and disch.irges itself about 2 m. below the v. of Three Eivcrs. Tkaikie Hied, p. o., Shelby co., III.: 47 m. E. S. E. of Springfield. rBAiEiE Bluff, p. o., 'Wilcox co., Ala. : on the right bank of Alabama r., 67 m. W. by S. Montgomery. Praikie Creek, p. o., Logan county, III. : 34 m. N. E. Springfield. Prairie Creek, p. o., Vigo county, Ind. : 6 m. E. of the Wabash, 70 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. Prairie dd Ciiies, p. v., and cap. Crawford co., TTmc. ; on the Mississippi, 3 m. above the month of the Wisconsin, 89 m. W. by S. Madison. L.at. 43° 03' 06", N., and long. 910 09' 19" W. The prairie from which it lakes its name is 10 ra. Ii>ng and 3 wide, and is one of the most fertile regions of tlic Wist. The V. contains the county buildings, half a dozen churches, several school-houses, and numerous me- chanic shops and places of business. Its trade is large and rapiiUy increasing. There are rich mines of copper and galena in the neighborhood ; and numerous mounds occur in all directions, indicating it to have been a place of some consequence with the races long since defunct. Fort Craw- ford, a U. S. military post, is situate immediately south of the village. Pop. 3,49S. Pbaikie du Long. p. o., SI- Clair co., Jll. : on a W. afflu- ent of the Knskaskia, 110 m. S. by W. Springfleld. PuAiEiE Di- KociiER, p. V., Randolph county, ///. ; on the bluffs, about 4 m. E. of the Mississippi,' 123 m. S. by W. Springfield. The village contains a Eoman Catholic church and about 400 inliabitants, descendants of the French, who made an early settlement here, and whose manners and customs are still retained. Prairie df Sauk, p. v., Sank Co., Wi.^f. : on the right bank of the Wisconsin, 22 m. N. W. Ijy W. Madison. It is a v. of rapid growth, with a large trade, containing sev- eral mills and CuO inhabitants. Prairie Mee Koi'ge, p. o., Morehause par.. La. : 162 m. N. by W. Baton P.ouge. Prairie Mount, p. o., Chickasaw county. Miss. : 129 m. N. E. by N. .Jackson. Prairie Plains, p. o., Grimes county, Tex. : 106 m. E. Austin City. Praiiue Point, p. o., Noxubee co., 3ri.^s. : about 5 m.W. of Tombigbce r., 119 m. N. E. by E. ,T.ackson. Praikie Eiver. p. o.. Branch co., Midi.: on a S. branch of St. Joseph's r., 74 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Prairie Ronde, 1. and p. o., Kalamazoo co.,J/7c/i. ; 77 m. 6. W. Lansing. Drained by the head of llocky r. Surface undulatintr, and mostly rich prairie, with groves of maple and hickory. An excellent t. for grain growing. Popu- lation 0911. Prairieton, p. v., Yigo county, Tml. : on tho S. side of Iloney creek, 8 m. E. of the Wabash, 72 m. W. S. W. Indianapolis. Peairieville, t and p. o., Barry county, inch.: ,54 m. W. S. W. Lansing. Surface slightly broken, imd dotleil with numerous ponds tributary to the Kalamazoo. Popu- lation 55S. Prairieville. p. v., Clinton eo., Ind. : about 2 m. E. of the Lafayette and Indianapolis E. E., 42 m. N. W. Indian- apolis. Peairieville, p. v.. Pike eo., Mo.: 71 m. N. E. by E. Jefferson City. I'RALijiviLLE, p. v., Hunterdon co., N. Jei: : on Delaware r., at the mouth of Wiekechecoke cr.. 17 m. N. W. Trenton. The Belvidcre Delaware E. P.. passes lUrough it. 698 Pratt, p. o., Shelby county, Ohio: 62 m. W. :n. W. Columbus. PE-vn's, sta., Worcester co., Mass. ; 13 m. X of Worcester, on the Filchburg and Worcester E. K. PRATrSRUBO, p. v., Talbot co., Ga.: about 8 m. W. of Flint r., 76 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. Pr.\ttsburo, p. v., Eiplcy co., Jmt. : on an E. branch of Laughery's cr., 63 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Pkattsburg, t and p. v., Steuben co., K. Y.: 17S in. W, Albany. Drained by branches of C(jnhocton r., which fur- nish numerous mill-sites. Surface somewhat hilly; soil pro- ductive of wheat, but better adapted to grass. Timber is abundant. The v. contains an incorporateil academy, sev- eral mills, 6 or 8 stores, and about 6U0 inhabitants. Popu- lation of t. 2,7S6. PitATTSBUuG, p. 0., Orange co., K Car. : 27 m. N. W. Ealeigh. Pratt's IIollow, p. o., Madison county, iV. Y.: 91 m. W. by N. Albany. Pbattsville, t. and p. v., Greene co., JV; Y. : 48 m. S. W. Albany, 32 m. W. by N. Calskill, and 37 m. N. W. Kingston. Drained by Schoharie cr., which runs through it from south to north, and affords considerable mill-power. Surface gen- erally broken and mountainous; but the soil of the flats on the creek is very fertile, and the uplands are good for graz- ing. This I was set off from Windham in 1>82, and named after the Hon. Zadoek Pratt, who here built the largest tannery in the United Slates. The village is handsomely situate on a flat on the N. E. side of Schoharie creek, and on the turnpike, which is lined with beautiful rows of elm and maple-trees on each side, planted 20 years ago, by tho founder of the settlement. It contains 2 furnaces, 1 machine shop, 1 cotton-mill, 2 woolen factories, 2 grist-mills, 3 hat factories, 1 carriage factory, 2 glove and mitten factories. 4 hotels, 1 brewery, 1 oil-cloth factory, 1 match factory, 3 cab- inet-ware manufactories, 3 blacksmith shops. 2 watch and jewelry stores, 3 tin-ware shops, 1 turning-machine shop, 4 tailors' shops, 11 stores, 1 bank, capital $1011,000 (now wind- ing up), 1 Dutch Reformed church, 1 Methodist church, and 1 Episcopal church, 1 incorporated academy, 9 school-houses, and a printing-office, from which is issued tlio" P. Advo- cate" (dem.), which circulates fntm 500 to 600 copies weekly. There are about 150 dwelling-houses in the village, and 1,500 inhal'itants. This is the westernmost bounds of Greene CO., and here corner three counties — Greene, Delaware, and Schoharie. The Gilboa, Pratlsville, and Shandaken turnpike passes through the v., and also the Schoharie-kiil bridge turn- pike. A railroad is also being surveyed from Newburg to Syracuse, which will probably p.ass through Pratlsville. The immense tannery buildings of the Hon. Zadoek Pratt, at which, in 20 years, no less an amount than 1.000,000 sides of sole leather had been lanned, and around w hieh the v. had grown up, are now occupied by the cotton and woolen fac- tories above mentioned, their origimal purpose having been foregone on account of the exhaustion of material (hemlock bark) for carrying on the tanning business. Of the f.iundcr of the v., it may tridy be said that he is a "self-iuade man.'i Born in Rensselaer co. in 1790, then almost a wilderness, and trained up to labor, he has raised himself from a hu nible posi- tion by the powers of his own unaided energies to tho enjoy- ment of a fortune of wliieli a prince might be proud. In his time and generation he has made for himself a name, and for the future youth of our country a pattern worthy of imi- tation. But the most glorious trait in his character has been his honesty and integrity — ho can count 30,000 employees among whom he has distributed hundreds of thousands of dollars, and throughout his long course he has never had a disagreement with one of them, nor been the defendant in any suit against him for wages or claims of any kind. As the ancients were used to record the lives of benefactors by sculptured stories, so at Praltsville arc recorded on the native rocks the memoirs of its patron, and from the \ illnge road may be seen, in alto relievo, a fac-siniilo of the Pratt tan« PRA ncriis. Die busl of Mr. Pratt himsL'lf, awl :iii enibK-nniti.- cm- ceptinii of a great act of his life in the institution ol a Bureau of :?tatistios, whieh he effeotcJ durin*;: his term as represent- ative in Congress from the llih dislriet of ilie Stale. These will longtfU the story of a life well spent, and when his earlhly career is run, the youth will read the lesson tliey convey, and strive to emulate tlio sul>jeet of the leEemls in his many virtues. Population of t. in 1S40, 1,G1!3, and in 1650, I.9S9. Trattstille, p. v., Vinton county, Ohio: Gl m. S. K. Columbus. rBATTViu.E. p. v., Autauga CO., Aln.: on Autauga cr., a small N.aniuentof Alabama r., 12 m.W.N.W.Montg(miery. rp-KBLE county, 0/iio. Situate W. toward the S., and con- tains teo sq. m. Drained by Four Mile, St. Clair, and Frank- lin crtelis. Surface varied, in genera! it is level or rolling, au'l a large portion is thickly wooded ; soil a fine deep mold, and very productive. Stnplea, wheat and In-Iiaii corn. It has some fine grazing land, and a large nunil)er of cattle and hogs are fattened and sent to Eastern markets. Farms 1,799; manuf. 109; dwell. 3.749, and pop.— wh. 21.G53, fr. col. 7S— total 21,736. OipiUtl: K.iton. Puhltc Wurk.:tii-E Isle, p.o., Aroosiook county, J/e. ; about lS2m. N. E. Augusta. Piu-SiuN county, Tlrff. Situate N. W., and contains 545 sq. m. l>raincd by <'heat r., main branch of Monongahela river. Surface mountainous and rough ; soil various — in some parts it is very fertile. Chief product, Indian corn. It contains good grazing land. Farms 1,019 ; manuf. 5 ; dwell. 1,6G4, anii:ingo r., 94 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by small aftlucnts i-f the river; surface uneven ; soil lerlile, adaptid to gruss or grain, and mostly well limbered. Tliere is a small v. in the N. part of the U The Chenango Canal lies on (he S. E. corner. Pop, 1.0S2. Prestos, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio: on a branch of Whitewater r., 102 m. W. S. W. Columbus. PRI Pai-STUN. t. and p. o., Wayne county. J'tini. : 12s in. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Draim-d by allluenli of Delaware river. Surf;ice bmken ; s<'il gravelly luam, heavily limbered with pine, hemlock, and chestnut. Prestos, p. v., Grayson county, Te.T.: on Ked r., 23S m. N. N. E. Austin City. Large aEiiounls of cotton arc &hiiii>eJ here, PRESTONBrito, p. v., and cap. Floyd e*)., Ky.: on the W. fork of Big Sandy r., 121' m. E. by S. Frankfort. It contains a court-huuae, jail, several mills and stores, and 200 inhab- itants. Preston Hollow, p. v., Albany county, X. Y. : 27 m. S.W. by W. Albany. It contains several mills, lialf a ddzeu stores, and 300 inhabitants. Prestosville, v., l;hea county. TI/in. ; o\\ llu- N. side of Tennessee r., 117 m. E. by S. Nasliville. Pufstonville, p. v., Carroll co., Ky.: on the Ohio, just below the mouth of the Kentucky, 34 m. X. X. W. Frank- furt. It has a convenient landijig, and contains about 3UD inhabilanl'?. Prkw!1t"3 Kson, p. o.. Barren co., K'j. : 104 m. S. S. W. Frankfort. Prick, p. o., Huntington county, 7/;'^.; 70 ni. N. N. E Imlianapolis. PiucEBURG, p. v., Monroe co., Ptnn.: lul m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. Pricetown, p. v., Berks county, Penn. : 5G m. E. by N. Harrisburg. Here is a furnace of 1,400 tons caj)acily, buill prior to 1T70. Pricetown, p.o., Highland co., Ohio: 62 m. S. by W. Columbus. Priceville, p. v., Wayne county, P^jnn.: 119 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Prillaman's, p. o., Franklin co., T7/'£/. ; on the N. side of Smilh's r., 151 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Prlmerose, p. v., Lee co., Ja. : GS m. S. by W. Iowa City. Primerose, t. and p. o., Dane co., H7.se. .- 19 m. S. W. Madison. Drained by Sugar r. Surface rolling; soil very fertile, a large part being vegetable m<>ld and mraduw. Farming products of all kinds are grown in profusion. Pop. 34S. Prisce Edward county, H/'f/. Situate S. centrally, and contains 255 sq. m. Drained by branehes of Appouialtox r. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and generidly well cullivalod. Chief products, Indian corn and tobacco. It contains ilampdcn Sidney College, foundeil in 17:S3, also a prepara- tory academy. Farms 421; manuf. S6; dwell. S05,an«l pop. — wh. 4.177,' fr. col. 4SS, si. 7,192— total 11,S57. CtpiUU: Prince Edward. Pnhtic Works: liichmond and Danville U. K.; South Side R. Pv, etc. Peinch Edward, p. o., Gilmer co.. Ga. : near the source of Coosawatlee r., 134 m. N. W. by N. Milledgevillc. Prince Edward CooTtT-nuusK, p. v., and cap. Prince Edward co., Virg.: 53 m. W. S. W. liichmond, A large trade in tobacco is carried on here. The v. contains a court-house, jail, academy, and about 300 inhabitants. Prince Fredeeicktown, p. v., and cap. Calvert co., Md.: on Parker's cr., 4 m. W. of Chesapeake bay, -.1 m. S. by W. Annapolis. It contains a court-house, jail, acad- emy, and 450 inhabitants. Prince George county, Virff. Situate toward the S. E., and contains 275 sq. m. Draiuotl by Blaekwater river. Surface an extended plain; soil fertile. Chief producL'i, Indian cnrn and tobacco. Cotton is also gmwn in the co. Farms 336; manuf. 23; dw.dl. CGI, and pop.— wh. 2,G"0, fr. col. 51S, si. 4,40S— total 7,595. OipiUd: Prince George C. H. Puhlic Works: Appomattox li. It.; Petersburg Pv. U.; Petersburg arul Xorlblk K. U.. etc. Prince Gkorce's county, M'l. Situate W., and contains 492 sq. ni. Dniiried by branches of Patuxent river, which forms its E. Itoundary, ami of Potomac river, which bounds it on tin- S. W. Surface uneven; soil fertile, and well adaj)ted to tobacco, which it produces in large quanli- g:»9 PRI PRO lieis anil wliich is ihe st.^pIe. It mist-s goml crops of wheat ami Imliun corn, mul liris some fine limber land. Furins 8S5: nmnnf. 2S; dwell. I.S75, nnd pnp.— \vh. S.901, fr. col. 1,1-3;). si. ] 1,510— lolal "21.550. Capital of Vie county : Upper Marlboro'. Pkincb Gforgk C. II., p. v.. and cap. Prince George CO., Viifj,: 52 i\\. N. N. K. Kichiuund, It couUiine the co. biiildintra anil several stores. PitiM-E's b;iy. y, y.: on the S. E. side of Slaten Island. It furnishes safe anchorage in a N. M. stonn ; antl is noted for tlie fine flavored oysters it produces. pKiNCESS Anne county, Virg. Situate S. E.. and contains 351 ?q. m. Drained by North r. and E. branch of Elizabeth r. Surface level and somewhat elevated, presenting the aj)- pearance of table-land; soil fertile. Chief produetion, In- dian corn. Farms "I'i, manuf. S, dwell. S93. and pop.— wh. 4,2S0. fr. col. 259, sla. 3,130— total 7,6tJ9. Capital: Princess Anno C. H. PuiNCEss Anne, p. v., nnd cap. Somerset co., Md, : near the heail of Manokin r., 16 m. E. of Chesapeake bay, 6S m. S. E. Annapolis. It is regularly hud out, and .Hubsuinlially built with brick, has a brisk trade, and coni;iiris a conrl- house,"'jail, academy, and 700 inhabitants. The " S. Herald'' (whig) is published weekly. Princi-ss Anne C. H,, p. v., and cap. Princess Anne co., Yirg. : 93 m. S. E. by E. liichinnnd. It contains a court- house, an academy, and 200 inhabitants. PniNCETON, p. v., and cap. Dallas co., Arl:: about mid- way between Warhita and Saline rivers, 56 miles S. by W. Little Kock. It contains the co. buildings, several stori.:s, and 300 itdiabitanls. PiiiNCKTON, p, v., and cnp. Bureau co., 7?/. ; S m. W. of the Illinois. 112 m. N. by E. Springfield. It lie.s on the bor- der of a large prairie, surrounded by a rich farming region, with which it carries on an extensive trade, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, and about 20 stores. The "Bureau Advocate" {free soil) b publishLd weekly. PaixcEToN, p. v., and cap. Gibson co., Ind. : 3 m. S. of Paloka creek, 119 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. It is sur- rounded by a rich farming region, with which it has a bri>k trade, and contains a eonrt-house, jail, 2 academies, 20 stores, and S06 inhabitants. It is 27 miUs N. of Evansville, and th<* same distance S. of Vinccnnes on the Evansville and Illinois K. li. Two weekly papt-rs are published, the '' G. lieview" (whig) ami the " Democratic Clarion."' PitiNcETON, |>. v., Scott CO., Pt. : on the Missi^sijipi, 24 m. above Davenport, GO m. K. Iowa City. pRiscF-ToN, p. v., Jackson co., Ala. : on an E. branch of Paint Kock r, 161 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Princeton, p. v.. Caldwell co., Kij. : 179 miles W. S. W. Frankf'iri. li is a thriving, busy v., ihe former cap. of the co., with a large trade in grain and other staples, and contains about 500 inhabitants. Princeton, t. and p. o., "Washington co.. Me. : on the S. side of Schooilie Lake outlet, a \V. allluent of the St. Croix, 123 m. E. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 2S0. Princeton, L and p. v., "Worcester county, JA/.«. ; 44 m. "W. by N. Boston. Drained by branches of Nashua and VTare rivers, which furnish mill privileges. Surface r<)Ugh and liilly. Wachuselt Mt. rises in the N. 3,0ii0 feet above the ocean, and about 2,000 above the surrounding country, commanding a wide view, and attracting many visitrtrs in the summer months; soil fertile and well tilled. A good grazing t., with large dairies aad numerous small manufac- tories. Pop. 1,313. Princeton, p. v., an ' cap. "U'ashington co., 3/(a'«. ; on the Mississippi, 74 m. N. W. Jack.son. Ii is the landing place and shipping port for the platitati))ns on Lake Wash- ington, 5 m. IC, and conUains a court-house, several ware- houses and 8tore.s, and 300 inhabitants. l*KiNCEToN, p. v., and cap. Mercer co., 3fo. : on Weldon r., a N. affluent of Grand r. 146 m. N. W. by X. Jefferson City. It contains the co. buildings a:ul several mills and stores. iUO PiiiNCETON, t. and p. !>., Mercer co., A*. J^n: 10 m. \. E. Trenton. The t. is situate in a bend of Stony Brook, which bounds it on three sides, and to the N. is ihe lioi-ky lliil Drained chiefly by creeks falling into the brook. Surface beaulifnlly divei-sifled with hill and valley, and soil of avir- age fertility. The b. is siiuale in the S. purt of the t.. (ni an elevated ridge, commanding an extensive prospect eastward, and is built chiefly on one long street, tlie houses being re- markably neat and sub^tjtntial. I^it. 4uO 2o' 41" N.. and long. 74^ 39' Sii'' "W. It is chiefly noti-d as the location of (he College <)f New Jersey, one of the oldest cnllpgi;ite e.«tab- lislmients in tlie I'nion, having been foundccl in 1746, at Eiizubethtown ; removed to Newark 1747, and to this borough in 1757. In 1S50 it had 12 jiruftssors and 243 students; and its library contained lG,0ti0 volumes; its .alumni at that date nundiercd 3.ii:il, of whom 557 had entered the mini.siry. In the Law Department there are 3 professors, and in IsriO, S law students. The college edifice is called Nas^-au Hail ; it is 175 feet long, by 50 deep, and 4 stories high ; and besides a cbapel, which is 40 feei square, there are otluT large buildings attachcl to the college, whieh contain philosftph- ical apparatus, the muscimi,elc. The l)uildingsare of stone. Tlie Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church is also located here. It was foimded in 1S12, and in 1S50 had 5 professors and 153 student.*?. Fp to that date, 1,626 per- sons had received their education at the institution ; and Us library conUiined 11.000 volumes. The buildings of this institution are also neat, spacious, and convenient. Besides these, there are in borouLdi four churches— 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 African; and including .«everal me- chanic shops, stores, a bank, academies and public schools, about 250 houses. The periodicals published at Princeton are, the '*P. Whig," issued weekly, the '• P. Magazine" (liter.), montldy. and the "Nassau Hall" a students' literary monthly. The Delaware and Karitan Canal and the Trenton and New Brunswick R. Ii. run along the valley of Stony Brook, about a mile S. of the borough. 47 m. from New York and 39 m. from Philadelphia. In the t. are several mills, a lannery. and other industrial establishments, but farming is Ihe gener.al occupaiion. Cedar Grove is a small .seitlement in the N. W. part of the t..and contains a Methodist chunh, etc. Pop. oft. in 1S40, 3,055. an.l in 1S.50, 3.021. Piineeton was the scene of one of Ihe great battles of ihe Pevolnlion, fought 3d January, 1777, and which resulted disastrou.'sly to the American arms. Princeton, p. v., Butler county, Ohio: S^^ m. W. S. W. Columbus. Princeton, p. o., Lawrence co., Venn. : 1S7 m. W"". N. W. Ilarrisburg. Princeton, p. v., and cap. Mercer county, Virrj. : on Brush cr., a branch of Blue Stone r., 1&4 m. W. liiehmond. It contains the co. buildings, and has several mills in its vicinity. Pbinckton, p. v., Marquette county, IFi«c. .■ on Xeenah or Fo.x r., 56 m. N. by E. Madison. pRixcEviLLE, p. v., Peoria county, III. : 7S m. N. by W. Springfield. Prince William county, Virg.: situate N. E., and eon- tains 306 sq. m. Drained by Occoquan r. Surface hilly; soil diversified, in general fertile. Chief protlucl Indian corn. Farms 579; maimf. 25; dwell. 99S, and pop. — wh. 5.0S1. fV. col. 550, si. 2,493— total 8,129. Capital: Brentsville. Puhlic Work^i : Alexandria and Orange 11. 11. ; Manassas Gap II. K. Prince William, p. o., Carroll county, Ind. : 2 m. S. of Wild Cat cr, 49 m. N. N. "W. Indianapolis. Principio Furnace, p. v., Cecil county, Jfd. : on Principio cr., 53 m. X. E. by N. Annapolis. Privateer, p. o., Sumter district, S. Car. : SS m. E. by S. Columbia. Proctor, p. v., Owsley co.. JCt/.: on Kentucky r., near the C'Mifluencc of its N. and S. forks, 74 m. S. E. by K. I Frankfort. PRO PRO Proctor, p. o., Allfgan county, Mich.: Ti m. "NY. by :?. Lansing. pRorroR, p. o., AVetzcl county, Vir{/. : 2-^4 m. N. "W. Ihk-linion>l. Proctuu's Creek, p. o., Chcaterfield co.. Virg. Proctor's Crossing, sta., Essex oo., Mans, : 4 m. from Sali-m, nil tlie Salem and Lowell \\. \l. Pito(rr()R9viLLE, V. and sta., St. Bernard par., LPKiT. t. and p. o., New Haven c*»., Omn.: 24 m. S. W. llarilbrd. Surface elevated, rough, and mountainous; soil adai>ted to grazing, which is the chief interest. Pop. G74. Prospect, t. and p. v., "Waldo co., Mi: : on the W. side of P.'iiobseot r., at the head of the bay, 51i ni. K. by N. Au- gusta. :^urf;lce generally even; soil very jiroiiuelive. A fup.Tior fartning t., with great commercial advantages, and cxten-sively engaged in the lumber and eoastinc: trade. The T. on ihe r. has a brisk trade and a convenient landing. Pop. of t. 2.40". Pi:osPECT, p. 0., Oneida co., X, V. : 4S m. N. "W. by W. Albany. Prospect, t, and p. o., Marion co., Ohio : 35 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Scioto r., which alTords water-power. Surf.tce pleasantly varied. Soil very fertile, and under high cultivation. Pop. S4S. pRospKOT, p. o., Butler county, Fenn. : 1G9 m. W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Prospect, p. o.. Giles co., Tain.: on Elk r.,ncar the Ala. line, 74 n». S. by "W. Nashville. Pr.osprcT, p. o., Burleson co., Te.r. : G? m. E. Austin City. PnospECT, P.O., Prince Edward co., Virg. : W m. W. S. "VV. P.ieliniond. pp.ospECT Fep.ry, p. 0., "Waldo co., 3fe. : 53 m. E. by N. Augusta. Prospect Grove, p. o., Scotland co., Mo.: 122 m. N. Jefferson City. Pr.o'^PhCT Hall, p. o., Bladen co., X. Cor.: G9 m. H. Eidcigh. Prikpect Harbor, p. v.. Uaneoek co., Mc : 51 m. E. by N. .■\uguf.ta. Prospect Hill, p. o., P.ay co., Jfo. : 121 m. N. "W. by W. Jefferson City. PnosPEcT Hill. p. o., Caswell county, K Car. : 55 m. N. "W. by W. Kaleigh. Prospect Hill, p. o., Fairfax co., Tirg. : 97 m. N. by E. Eichniond. Prospect Hill, p. o., "Waukesha co., Wise. : 54 ra. E. Madison. Prospect Mills, p. o., Lycoming county, renn. : 73 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Prospect Flavins, sta., Mercer co., X. Jer. : 44 m. S. of New York, on the Camden and Amboy P. P. Pro-^PERiTY, p. o. and sta.. Newberry dist., -S'. Car.: on the (Jreenville and Columbia R. P., T m. E. of the C. H., and 4U m. (by route) N. "W. Columbia. Prosperity, p. o., Moore co., X. Car.: on the t?. side of Deep r.. ."Vj m. "W. by S. Kaleigh. Prosperity, p. o., "Washington co., Peini.: 173 m. "W. Harrisbnrg. PnoviorscE county, i?. f. Situate N.. and contains 3S0 «q. m. Dr lined by Pawtucket, Providence or N.-irrajranaett, Ma,^hasuek. Wannsquiitucket, and Pawtuxet rivt-rs and iheir tributaries, by which good water privileges are .'*eeurid to the county. Surface un-ven and rough; soil generallv a dark gravelly loam. Its cnnimercial advanlagt-s are gre:it, and it has many extensive manufaclures. Fartiis •i.lt'.J; ni.inuf. Sii4; dwell. 12.7G0, and pop.— wh. S5.7^lT, fr. col. l.TSH^toial 87,525. Oipitiil : Providence. J*iih/ic Whil-s: Providence and "Worcester K. K. : Boston and Providence P. P.; Providence and Slonington P. P.; Hartford. Provi- dence, and Fishkill P. 11.; New York, New llaveh, and Boston P. P., etc. ; Blaekstone Cftn;d. pROViDENXK, p. v., Pickciis CO., Alu. .* I'iS ui. N. VC. by W. Montgomery. Provihence, p. o., Sumter dist., aS. Otr. : 43 ni. V.. by N. Columbia. Prutidexce. p. 0., Sumter co., Go. : 93 m. S. \V. by S Milledgeville. Providence, p. c, Carroll co., 3fi«ft. : 91 ra. N. by E .Ta.-ks..n. Providence, p. v., Enrcau co., 77/. .- Ifi4 m. N. Springfield Pkovideni E. p. v., Hopkins co., Ay. ; on Tide-water r.. IfiO ni. W. S. W. Franklort. Providf.ncr. t. and p. v.. Saratoga county. X. Y.: 32 in. N. N. W. All'any. Drained by branches of Sacandiiga r., which -supply numerous mill privileges. Suriace monniain- nua and heavily timbered ; soil elayiv loiun. an.- Ca- nal passes, 11.19 m. N. N. W. Columbus, Surface K vel ; soil sandy, and In pans marshy. Ihe v. is on the canal, 26 hl S. W. Toledo. Pop. of t. 4G7. Provide.ncf,, t, and p. o., Luzerne co., Penn. : 9S in. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by Laekawannock river and branches, which supply tine water-power. Surface even, being mostly a valley; soil fertile and well timbt-red. An- thracile coal aboumls. The Lackawanna and Westerfi P. P. crosses it. It contains several Souring and saw mills. Pkovidenor, p. c., port of entry, and cap. Pro\ideui'e co., and principal csipilal of the State of P. J. : at the hean of Providence r., 35 m. from the ocean, in lat. 41° 49' 22" N.. anil long. Tl^^ 24' 4^" W. by railroad, 4:i ?n. S. S. W. Boslon. iA\,\ isG n\. E. N. E. New Ytjrk. The area of the city is about 9 sq. ra., the eornpael part being tlivided into two nearly equal p;ir;s by the river. Ihe surface ea>t of the r. is hilly, and in its highest part 204 feet aljove liih- wiiU-T ; on the west it is more Ie\ el, the great,-.sl lieight being oidy 7S feel. The harbor is safe and commodious, but its approaeli is somewlial iniricate. The city is divided into 6 wards and governed by a mayor. G aldermen, and 24 common councihnen. These oUieers are chosen anmially by the people. All oilier ollieers are appointed by Ihe city council, consisting of the aldi-rtu^u ami councilors, the m.ayor presiding. Tliere is a mimieipal court, which is also a court of probate, within the city, and the city ch-rlc is also register of deeds. Its poliee is excel- lent, and tlie city one of the eleanesl in the Union. It is lighted with gas. The Are department is eflicienl, and con- sists of 12 engine companies. 2 hook and Ia.(i(.'t) anmially. The materi;i! used in bui!diiig rcipiired this cfHcient force, and it was not vmtil several extensive confliigrations had occurred that ihe de]»arlmenl was placed on its present foot- ing. Including a balance of ol1, amounted to $1S0..^05, aiui the exj)endilures to $1G5.()S7 ; on .'iccoiint of Interest $14.9^5, for5ehonl> .*in.5r)3, and forslreeis I $2s.999. The debt of the city at the date specified was ^ISo.fjoS. The population of Ihe seviral wards of the city I in l?-in and IStH' cnipiiralivfl) were as follows: 701 PPvO PRO Wa,.l>. 1?40. First Ward... ... 8.919 Second " ... ... 3.SS3 Third " ... ... 3.919 Fourth " ... ... 8,SS3 Fifth " ... ... 4,106 Sixth " ... ... 3,963 Total... ...•23,172 IS-iO. Incre«s». 7.204 S1.3 per cent. . 4,5S3 35.5 " 6,706 71.1 « 5,359 3S.0 " 7.399 77.7 " 10,362 161.5 '• 41,513 79.1 Population in ISIO, 10.071, and in 1S20, 11.767— increase 16.*^ per cent.; in 1830, 16,S3:3 — increase 43.1 per cent.; in 1S40, 23.17-2— increase 37.6 per cent.; and in 1S50, 41,513— increase 79.1 per cenL Tlie more ancient portion of the city lies on the east side of the river, and though conforming in the outline of its streets with the topography of the site, and by no means distingviished for regularity, it contains many fine stores, warelinuses, public buildings, and handsome residences. Back from tlie r. the streets become more regular, and many of the dwellings in this part are costly and elegant, delight- fully situated as regards the view of the harbor and vicinity. Tlie buildings of Brown University crown ihe ascent. The wcj^t part of the city is laid out with more regularity, and is more modern in appearance. The Providence Arcade, in this part, is one of the largest and most important buildings in the city; it extends from Broad to Westminster streets, and is 226 feet long, SO feet deep, and 72 feet high. The building is of granite, and adorned with Gra;co-Doric porti- coes and columns, the columnar shafts being single blocks 22 feet long. Ihe lower floor is occupictl chiefly by dry goods stores, and the upper stories by oflicea and dealers in light fancy goods. The Museum buildings and Howard Hall, on Westminster Street, are also fine buildincrs, and "What Cheer" building, at the junction of North and South Main streets, is a handsome freestone edifice, occupied by offices, etc. Among the public buildings are, the State ITouse, various charities, the State Prison, the Athena:'um, the Keform School, 25 or 30 churches and meeting-houses, and (he pub- lic schools. Most of these are substantial, and many of them costly edifices, distinguishing alike the taste displayed by the architect and the munificence of the citizens in their support. Brown University, founded at Warren, in 1764. and re- moved to Providence, 1770, is situated on the highest part of the city, and consists of several halls, etc.. furnishing ele- gant and ample accommodations. University Hall and Hope College are large edifices for the lodging of students ; Manning Hall contains the libraries, now counting 32.000 volumes, and Rhode Island Hall, the cabinet, chemical and philosophical apparatus, and lecture rooms. To the usual collegiate department has been added an English and sci- entific school for the benefit of such as do not intend entering thelearned professions. The faculty of the university consists of a president and 10 professors, and in ISoO there were 195 Btudenle, and to that date the alumni numbered 1,765, of •whom 460 had entered the ministry. The Athenreum is located on ihe comer of College and Benefit stre^-ts, and has a library of 12,000 volumes. It is a spacious and elegant stone stnicture. erected in 1S37, built on a lot given by Ihe late Hon. N. Brown, and the heirs of Mr. P. Ives, who also gave large sums toward the building and library. The annual subscription is $5, which admits members to the library and reading room. The New England Teariy Meeting Boarding School, the object of which is to afl'ord a " guarded" education to chil- dren, occupies a lot of 43 acres, given for the purpose by the late Moses Brown. The main buildings consist of a centre 54 feet square and 3 stories high, and two wings S4 by 42 feet, and 2 stories high; and there is another 2 story building. 50 by 40 feet, which together accommodate about 80 sehoiiirs. Board and tuition, $60 a year. The late Oba- diah Brown bequeathed $100,000 toward the endowment of tliis institution. 703 The public schools supported by the city are 46 in num- ber, of which 22 are primary. 10 intermediate, 7 grammar, and the High School. In these Iht-re were, in IS50, 105 teachers and 6,000 scholars; and the cost to the city, $40,553. Besides these, there are upward of 30 Sunday schools, with 500 teachers, and between 5,000 and 6,000 scholars. The newspapers published in Providence are 9 in number— 3 daily, 2 semi-weekly, and 4 weekly. The "P. Journal"' (whig), issued daily, semi-weekly, and weekly editions; the "P. Post" (dem.) daily and weekly; tJio "Moniing Mirror" (misc.), a daily; the **Kepublican Her- ald" (dem.), semi-weekly and weekly, and the "Diadem," a weekly edition. The most splendid and costly of the church edifices are, the First Congregafional church, of granite ; St. John's, a stone building; Grace,aGolhicslrueture; Westminster Con- gregational, the Beneficent Congregational, St. Peter's, and St. Patrick's. The First Baptist church, the oldest society in the city, is a clean wooden building. The other churches are in general neat, bat not so costly. The colored inhabit- ants have five churches. In the whole city there are up- ward of 30 congregations, including all the priucipal denom- inations. Dexter Asylum, on a ridge east of the river, is an institu- tion erected on land given to the city by the late Eb. K. Dexter, for the accommodation of the poor. The premises cover 40 acres, and are surrounded by a stone wall 10 feet high and 3 feet thick at the base, which cost $22,000. The Asylum is a plain and substantial brick building, 170 feel long, consisting of a centre building 3 stories high, and two wings, each 2 st-tries high. The Butler Hospital for the Insane is located on Seekonic river. It was founded on a legacy of the late M. Brown, amounting to $3'),0n0. and received its present name from the l.ate C. Butler, who gave $40,000 toward its endowment. It was incorporated in 1S44. and, until recently, was known as the Rhode Island Hospilal for the Insane. On the Slst Dec, 1550, there were 113 patients in the hospital ; the ad- mittances during the next year were 6S, and the discharges 54, of whieh 26 were recovered, and S improved, and 16 died. Receipts $24,252, and expenses $21,017. The minimum price of board is $2 25 a week. The State appropriates $1,000 annually to enable the governors to aid the poor in- sane, and also pays a portion of the expenses of such poor insane persons as the towns may choose to send to the hos- pital. The aggregate endowment of the hospital amounts to $135,000. Tlic grounds belonging to the institution con- sist of 115 acres, of which 55 are woodland and 60 under cultivation. The building stands on the W. bank of the river, which here expands to a mile in width, and admits of an extensive and delightful prospect. Patients were first admitted on the 1st December, 1S47. The State Prison is located here. On the 1st October, 1S50, there were in confinement 37 convicts, and 24 had been committed, and 14 had been discharge-l during the ensuing year. The number of persi>ns in Providence jail, at the suit of the State, on the 1st October. 1851, was 57 ; at Iho suit of the city, 11, and 4 debtors. During the year past, 503 had been committed, of whom 452 were males and 51 fem.ales: whiles 473, and colored -30; natives 2-)3, ami for- eigners 210; and besides these, 177 persons had been com- mitted to the house of correction. The convieU* in theStato Prison are principally employed in shoe-makinir. and those in the Providence county jail at cahini.-t-work. The Ileform School was established in 1S5D. The buildings were formerly known as the Ti>ckwotion House, a hotel, pleasantly situate on high ground, in the S. E. part of the city, overlooking the bay, and large enoui;h to accommodate ISO to 2 )0 iimiates. It was founded for Ihe instruction and rt-formation of juve- nile offenders between the ages of S anil IS years. Tlie first year of its occupancy, ending 31st October, 1851, it received 52 convicts — 10 boys and 3 giris, and there remained in the institution at that date 45, of whom 24 had been committed PRO PUB fnr thffl, 6 for nssault. 4 for vagrancy, and 11 f.>r Iru.-incy ; 42 were bom in tht^ United St^tt-s, iind of Huso SI in Klmde Island. Of each day, except Sunday, 7^ liours are devoted to labor, 5 to school exercises, 3} to meals ami recreation, 1 to religious exercises, and 8 to sleep. The labor has been employed in making: such articles as are needed in Ihe in- stitution and in housework-. An arran!?c-ment has been made by the Stale, by which all juvenile deliaqucnls may be sent to tins school. The manufactures of Providence are valuable, and con- stantly increasing. Its water-power is fully occupied, and steam-power, averaging 50 or GO engines of 200 to 3i)0 horse- power, is also employed. On the Pawlucket, and other streams, are extensive factories of cotton and woolen goods, machine-shops, dyeing and print works, and withiu the city are various establislnnenls of similar character. The sawing and polishing marble, sawing ami planing timber, and grinding grain, form extensive occupati"ns; and a large capital is invested in the manufacture of irou of all kin' description, exhibiting goods of the richest descriptions, are numerous, and in the provisien trade, both wholesale and retail, a large business is done. Manyof the stores are equid to those of New York, Phila-lelphia, and Boston, in the splendor of their assortments and the costly eljle in which they are fur- nishcil. The great bulk of the foreign goods sold lure arc brought from Ijoston and New York, with which places there is ample nu-aiis of rapid commimicatitm by railro;id and steamboat; and ihc communication wiih the interior. ])>Ah for passengers and freight, is varied and commodious. Sieaiul)oata run regularly to Warren, Bristol. Porismonth, Newport, Fall Kiver, and New York. The railroads di- verging from Providence arc the Boston and I'rovidence P. P., the Stonington P. P., and the Provi'. Y. : 19G ra. W. by S. Albany. PiT.DY's .Station, p. o., "Westchester en.. K, Y. : on the E. side of Cruion r., and on the line of the Harlem 11. U., lOG m. from Albany. Pintvis, p. v., Sullivan co.. X. Y. : fi'^ m. S. W. Albany. PrsKVVtl.i.T;. p. v., Lancaster en., f'enn. Pr^HAw lake. Penobscot co.. Me. : a small Inke. S m. Inne; and a mile witie, connectinsr in the N. with Dead stream, ami Iiavtns iLs outlet throush Pushaw r., which falla into the Pennbscot. opposite (>ld Town. PrsTiMATAHA, p. o., Choclaw CO., Ahi. : IIS m. "W. by S. MonlfljMiiiery. Pi'TKAM county, J^/or. Situate toward the X. E.. and contains 43T f?q. m. Drained by branches of St. Jolni's r., which bounds it on the E., ami of Oclawaha river, which bounds it on the S. Surface risincr, or .sliirhlly nnduhitine;; soil fertile and hip:hly prodiicfive. Staples, rice, cotton, fi-uils, veiietablt's, Indian corn, wheat, etc. Farms 2'i; manuf. — ; dvvtil. Ids, and pop.— wh. 4";J, fr. ool. 10, hI. 2Li4 — toral 6*7. CopiUtl: Pilatka. Pi'TNAM county, Ga, Situate N. centrally, ami contains 273 sq. m. Drained by brandies o( Oconee r., wliich forms its W. boundiiry. Surface evm ; soil a fine deep mobI,and Tery fertile, and produces abundantly corn, wheat, and cot- ton, which last is the chief prnducticm. Timber is found of good quality. Farms 351 ; manuf. 32 ; dwell. GOO, and pop. — wh. 3.30O, fr. col. 26. si. 7.46.S— total 10,794. CapUat: Eatnnton. Pni'Iic Workn: Eatonton K. R. Putnam county, PL Situate N. centrally, and conhiins 2GS sq. m. Illinois river passes through it.s W. portion, and forms its X. boundary, by which and its branches it is drained. Surface uneven and diversified ; a large portion is prairie; soil fertile and very productive. It is well tim- bered, and has much fine grazing land. Farms 317 ; manuf. 26; dwell. (>i6, ami pop.— wh. 8,920, fr. col. 4— total 3.924. Ciijntal: Hennepin. PuTSAM county. Tnd. Situate "W. centrally, and con- tains 48S stj. m. Drained by Deer and l»ig Ilaccoon creeks, and Walnut fork of Kel river. Surface varied — in general umlulating or rolling, but aloni: the streams the land is hilly and broken; soil fertile, and adajile*! to wheat, grain, etc., the hilly portions making fine pasture for cattle. Chief produclions, wheat, Indian corn, tobacco, ancl sugar. It lias some good timber and fine quarries of linn-stone. Farms 1,G9G; manuf. 42; dwell. 3,ittd: Pulnamville. Putnam county, y. }*, Situate S. K., and contains 2IG sq. m. Dniint-d by head branches of Croton r., Peekskill, and other small streams. Surface mountainous, making goixl gnizitig land. 'J'he Highland range extends across the N. W. portion, and tlie Taghkanic, in the K.,from N. t*^ B. ; soil various — in the K. part, with cultivation, it is prn- dueiive. and yields good crops of wheat, grain, etc., which are its chief prnp.— wh. 7,210, fr. col. 1 1 ~toi;U 7,221. C'lpital : Kali.la. Public Work.-i: Miami Canal. Putnam county, Virg. Erected in 1S4S out of Knnawlia, Cabell, and Mn.snn. Silualo W., and contains 313 sq. m. Drained by Great Kmuiwha river and its tributaries. Surface hilly and broken; soil various, but in genera! fer- tile. Chief products, wheat and Imlian corn, \viih pork, etc. It contains bituminous coal. Farms 4oo; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 7SS, anl pop.— wh. 4.G93. fr. col. 10, si. G32— total .'),335. CopiUil: Putnam. PiiU/'r Wor/cs: Maysville and lliff Sandy i;. K. ; Covington and Dhio li. II. ; James Piver and Kanawha Canal, etc. PcTXAM, t., and p. o., 'Washington en,, Js'. Y. : on the neck of land between lakes Georiie and Champlain, 69 m. X. Albany. Surface traversed by the Palmer>town range of mountains, some peaks of which are 1.500 feet high. There is little land fit for cultivation. Pop. To3. Old Fort Ticon- deroga occupies the X. extremity of the peninsula. Pt:TNAM, p. v., Muskingum co., Oliio: on the "W. bank of Scioto r., at the mouth of Licking r.. 50 m. E. Columbus. Zanesville is on the opposite sicle of Ih*' river, with which a handsome bridge connects it. It has great facilities for man- ufactures, various branches of which are extensively pros- ecuted, and contains a bank, an academy, a female seminary, and 1,674 inhabitants. The Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesville U. E. passes through it. Putnam Valley, t., Putnam en., X. Y. r Cn m. S. by E. Alb;iny. Drained by Peekskill and several other streams, and studded with many snuiU lakes. Surface traversed by the Highlands, an?vn. .• on Connecticut river, 92 m. S. by E. Monipelier. Surface varied ; un the streams arc extensive meadows — back of Ihem it is rugged and broken; soil fertile; on the hills good pasturage. Sack- elfs brook f:dls "5 feet in quarter of a mile, alfordiug supe- rior power, and moving several woolen, p;q"T, wondvU- ware, and other factories. Serpentine is abundant. The Vermont Valley K. R. crosses the E. part. 1'. station is 9 m. X. of P>rattleboro\ Pop. of t. 1.425. Putneyville, p. v., Armstrong co., Penn. : l-U'. in. W. l>y X. Harrisliurg. Pylksville, p. v., Harford county. 3fr/. : 7 m. ^\'. of the Susquehanna. 49 m. X. by E. Annapolis. It is built of atone, and contains a flouring-mill and severnl stores. lu Ihe vicinity are quarries of asbestos and slate. Pyramid lake. Utah Tf/\: on Ihe Sierra Xcvada, 4,S90 feet elevation above the sea level. It was discov.-r.-d by Fremont in 1^44, and is 35 in. long. The pyramid, a little E. of its middle, ntore like the work of man than a natural elevation, mca-*^ure9 600 feel above the surface of llu' water, Lat. 40'^ N., and long. 119^^ 50' W. It receives the waters of Mud lake from Ihe X., and of Salmou-troul r. from tlie S.. but has n() outl-rL Pyramid Cii:ci,e, Oreg. Ter.: on the overland route to 7tj5 PYR California, at Iho junction of the Great Salt Lake and Culi- fornia niaiis, 1,'20S m. from Council Bluffs. It is 5 m. long, and about 3 m. wide, level williin the walls around, and studded throughout with numerous tall while and green stones, from (50 to 150 feet high, and from 10 (o *20 feet in diameter at the foot, some of them running almost to a point at the top. It is surrounded by mountains which are cov- ered with pine and cedar trees, and is ultogether a beautiful and pieluresque scene. Upon these stones are written, painted, and engraved, the names of many visitors, with the dates. This circle is entirely .surrounded by mountains, ex- cept an iidet at the east end of about 5() yari.ls, and an out- let at the west end of about 20 yards wide. Pyrmont, p. 0., Montgomery co., Ohio : GS m. "W. by S. Columbus. Q. Quaker Eotto?j, p. o., Lawrence co., Ohio : 97 m. S. by E. Columbus. Quaker Hill, p. o., Duchess co., K T. : 76 ra. S. by E. Albany. Quaker Speixos, p. v., Saratoga co., i^ Y.: about 1 m. "W. of Hudson r. and 37 m. N. by E.Albany. Quaker Sprlv gs, v., Columbia co., Ga. : 71 m. E. N. E. Milledgeville, This settlement was formed in 17.^0 by a party of Friends, who, alarmed at the murdera by the Cherokees. fled here for refuge. Quaker Street, p. o., Schenectady county, X. Y. : 25 m. "W. by N. Albany. Quakertown, p. v., Hunterdon county, y. Jer, : 47 m. N. by W. Trenton. It contains a Friends' meeting-house, 3 stores, and 20 or 25 dwellings. Sometimes called Fairview. Quakertown, p, v., Bucks en., Venn. : 79 m. E. by N. Uarrisburg. It is neatly built on a single street, and C(»n- tains a Friends' meeting-house, and about 300 inhabitanls. Quallatown, p. v., Haywood county, N, Cai\: 2S3 m. "W. by S. Raleigh. Quantico, p. o., Somerset co., Md. : on a cr. so called, 58 m. S. E. Annapolis. QuANTuoK bay, Suffolk co., K. Y. : at the E. extremity of Great South bay, and separated from Shinnecock bay by Quogue neck, QuAKRYviLLE, p. V., Lancaster co., Penn. ^ QuAERTVTLLE, p. V., ToUaud CO., Co7in, Qtjasqueto.v, p. v., Buchanan co., la. : on E. side of "Wapsipinicon r., 49 m. N. by "W. Iowa City. Quay, p. o., Claiborne parish, La. : 189 miles N. W. Baton Rouge. Queechee river, Yet-^m. : an affluent of the Connecticut. It rises in Sherburne, and after a course of 85 m. falls into that r. in Harlland, 2 m. above Queechee Falls. Itreciives a mmiber of tributaries, and affords extensive water-power. QuEEcnEE Village, p. v., "Windsor co., Venn.: around the Falls of Queechee r., 5 m. from its mouth, 51 m. S. by E. Monlpelier. There is an immense water-power here, and considerable manufactures are carried on ; and both up and down the river are mills of various descriptions. Queen Anne county, J/c?. Situate E., toward the N., and contains 408 sq. m. Drained by branches of Chester river, which flows on the N.W., and of Tuekalioe or., wliich forms ils 'W. boundary. Kent island, lying to the S. Vf., is within the limits of the county. Surface undulating, atnl in parts elevated ; soil forlile. Staples, wheat aun\: on the W. side of Saluda r., 81 m. N. W. by "VV. Colunibiu. QirEENSBURY, t. and p. v., "Warren co., .V. }'. .• 46 m. N. Albany. Drained by Wood cr. on llie N., and bounded ou the S. by Hudson r. Surface undulating, and in the W. hilly; soil sand and loam, fi-rlile. It contains ihe village of Glen's Falls, and has considerable manufactures and trade. Pop. of t. 5,313. QuEENSDALE, p. V., Robcsou CO., iV. Cur. : S5 m. S. S. "W. Raleigh. QuEENSTowN, Quccn Anne county, Md. : on S. E. side of Chester bay, 19 m. E. by N. Annapolis. QuEENSviLLE, p. V.. Jennings co., Iiul. : on the line of tho Madison and Indianapolis E. E., 53 ra. S. E. Indianapolis, and 28 m. from Madison. QirEMAUONiNG, L, Somerset county, Penn. : 11 m. N. E. Pomeraet. Drained by M"Conaughi-y r. and Quemahouing, Uiggins', and Wills' creeks. Surface hilly; soil gravelly and light, but productive. Stony creek bounds it on the E. It contains several mills, for which it has fine water-power. Pop. 1,302. QuESAUDENViLLE, Y., Lowis CO., Ofcg, Tei'. : at the con- fluence of Chehalis r. with Gray's Harbor, 142 m. N. by W. Salem. QuERCus Grove, p. v., Switzerland co., Ind. : 89 m. S. E. Indianapolis. It is situate about 12 m. N. E. from Vevay, and is sometimes called " Bark Works," on account of ila having been founderl for the purpose of grinding ami pack- ing o:ik bark for Ihe English market. Qi'iET Dell, p. o., Harrison co., Virg.: 205 m. W.N. W Eichmond. QuiLLiNsviLLE, p. T., Scott CO., Vii'g. : 291 m. "W. S. "W. Eichmond. QuiNOY, p. v., and cap. Gadsden co., Flor. : on the W. side of Attapulgus creek, 19 m. W. N. W. Tallahassee. It conlains a court-house, jail, elc, and about GOO iuhabitants. QuiNcy, p. v., and cap. Adams co., ///. ; mostly on a high bluff, on the E. side of the Mississippi, 88 m. W. Springfield. It is a flourishing v., and contains a court-house, jail, etc., a U. S. land office, numerous warehouses, stores, and work- shops, and other establishments, indicative of its commer- cial importance. Several steamboats arrive and depart daily during the season. It is also noted for its hog-p:icking for exportation. The newspapers published here are the " People's Journal" (indep.), daily and weekly ; the " Q. AVhig" (whig), the " Q. WochenblalL" (dem.). and the '' Q. Herald and Argus" (dem.), all weekly, and the ''Western Legal Observer" and the " Western Temperance Maga- zine," both monthly. This v. will be the W. terminus of the Northern Cross E. E., which will bring it into connection with Chicago, Springfield, and the wliole North and East. The neighborhood is thickly settled, and highly cultivated. Pop. in 1850, 6,911. QuiNCY, t. and p. v., Norfolk co., 3/*r.«. .* on Braintreo bay, an arm of Boston Harbor, S m. S. hy K. Boston. Sur- face pleasantly diversified and somewhat hilly; soil of ex- cellent quality and well cultivated. It contains large tracts of salt meadow. The v. is centrally situate and has several neat and some costly buildings. The town-house is a noble building of granite, S3 by 5S feet. A newspaper, the "Q. Patriot," is issued weekly. Quincy Point and Germanlown are well known places ou tho shore, and are eligibly situated for ship-building and the shore fisheries. Squantum is noted as having been the residence uf the Indian sachem. QUI KAC Chicliataubut. and is also a pleasant resort for fishing and bathing. Cons'uleralilc manufactures are carried on in the town, bnt Quincy is more cflebrated for its granite quarries. About 2 m. back from the bay is a range of elevated land, in some parts more than 6i)0 f.-et above the sea, containing an inexhaustible supply of tliat invaluable building mate- rial. This granite range extends into the neighboring towns. More than l,oni» hands are employed in those quar- ries, which supply a large ain-mnl of stone f-^r building in all the great cities. The columns (»f the new Custom House antl Kxchangp at Boston are of this material, and much of it is used in New York city. Quincy has been the birth- place of several noted patriots — .John Hancock, Josiah Quincy, .John Adams, and 'Juhn Quincy Aiianis were boru here, amJ have left to posterity names of imperishable re- nown. Pop. of t. 5,017. Qrixcv, t. and ]t. v., Bra?ich co.. 3fic7>.: 61 m. S. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Hog creek and other affluents of St. Joseph's river. Surface \aried; soil fcriile and a'CY, p. v., Monroe eo., J/z'-vw ; 14S m. N. E. -Taeksou. QriNcr, p. T., Hickory co., JIo. : GG m, S. W. Jefferson City. QnxcT, p. T., Logan coimty, OJiio: on the E. branch of Great Miami r.. oT m. W. N. W. Columbus. The Bellefc.n- taine and Indiana K. R. passes through it about 13 m. from Belli-fonlaiiie. QriNXY, p. v., Gibson co., Tenn.: on the S. side of Forked Deer cr., 1-35 m. W. S. W. NashviUe. QriNcv, p. v., Franklin co., Peyin. : 4S m. S. W. Harris- bni-g. It is situate at the foot of South Mountain, in a ri<'h iron region, and there are several manufacturing establish- ments in the vicinity. QrtNCT, p. o., Washita co., Ark.: 7S m. S. S. W. Little Rock. QuiNEBAuG. p. v.. "Windham co., Conn. : on Quinebaug r.. 43 m. E. N. E. Hartford. QtriNEBAUG river, Conn.: a tributary of Shetucket r. It rises in Mashapaijg pond and passes into Mass., where, in tlie t. of IJriintield, it receives a considerable branch, and Ihcnce returning in a S. E. direction into Conn., it takes a S. course for 30 m. until it unites with the Shetucket, 3 m. above Norwich City. It has falls that afford extensive and valuable water-power. QiiNNiPiAO river. Conn; rises in Farmington, and after a S. course 30 m., enters New Haven Harbor, where it is crossed by a long bridge. QuLNN's Mills, p. o., Clinton county, Ohio: 102 m. S. "W. Columbus. QuiT.\iAN, p. v., and cap. Clark co., Misa. ; on the E. siile of Chickasawha r., 92 m. E. by S. Jackson. It cjntains a court-house and the county offices, several stores, and about 150 inhabitants. The Mobile and Oliio K. R. passes through it Quitman, p. v., Benton county, Ahi.: lUS ra. N. N. E, Monlgomerj'. QciTMAN, p. c, Tan Buren county, Ark. : on N. fork of Cadron cr., 47 m. N. Litl!<^ liock. Qltito, p. v., Talbot co.. Ga. : on the W. line of the co., 9-2 m. W. S. W. Milledgeville. QrivEK. p. o., Mason county, HI. : 27 m. N. by "W. Springfield. QuoDDY (or We>t Qfoddy) Head, M^. : at the S. side of entrance into West tiuoddy bay, in lat. 44° 49' IS" N., and long. 66° 59' W. West Quoddy Head Light-house is located on this headland. QuoGUB. p. v., SulTolk CO., i\r. T.: on the S. side of Long Island, on a neck between Shinnecook and East bays, 145 m. E. 3. E. Albany. It is a small, swiliered, Ihii pleasant place, and is much resorted to as a summer retreat. QcoNOCBOKTAUO, \i. V.. Washington county, R. X. : 29 m. S. by W. ProTideuce. K. Rabbit river, Allegan co.. ^^(ch. : rises in the N. E. part of the CO., flows S. S. W., and cnjpties into the Kalamazoo r., 7 m. from its mouth. RAr.niTS%nLLE, p. o., L'>g.in county, Ky.: W^ m. S. W. Frankfort. Rabbit Town, p. o., Benton oo., Aki.; 103 m. N. N. E, Montgomery. Kaisun county, Ga. Situate N. E.. and contains SlSsq.m, Chatooga river runs on the E. and Terrora thnmgh Iho S. and W., by which ami their t>ranches it is drained. Sur- face elevated, and forms, for ilie most part, table-land. In the E. and W. it is hilly, the Blue Ridge forming its eastern boundary; soil fertile. Agriculture is the leading pursuit with a large portion of the inhabitants. Pine and other timber is found of excellent quality. Farms 2S2; manuf. 0; dwell. 3S5, and pop.— wh. 2.3;?S, fr. col. 0, si. 110— total 2,44S. Capital: Clayton. I'tthlic Works: Rabun Gap R. R. (proposed). Racine county, Wn to become an important commercial point for the State. Tlie public press consists of 5 papers — tlie "Commercial Advertiser" (dem.), "Old Oaken Bucket*' (Temp.), " Racine Advocate" (dem.), and the "Democratten"(dem.),all weekly issues; and the "Wisconsin Farmer" (agri.), a monthly issue. The Green Bay, Milwaukie and Chicago E. li. passes through it. Pop. of the city 5,103, and of the t. 5,8S{). Racket lake and river, N. Y. : the lake is in N. part of Hamilton co., an irregular body of water, 14 m. Ion*;, 2 to 5 m. wide, abouncling with large trout, etc. It connects with Long lake, from which flows Racket river, 14o m. long, which enters the Si, Lawrence, near St. Regis. Racket River, p. o., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. Racoon, p. o., Marion co.. If!,: 95 m.S. S. E. Springfield. Racoon, t., Gallia co., Ohio: 8S m. S. S. E. Columbus. Drained by R.acoon cr. Surface diversified; soil generally fertile. Centreville is a small setuement on a branch of the stream. I'op. of t. 1,474. Racoon, p. o., Preston county, Virg.: 177 m. N. W. Richmond. Racoon river. Bad Ax co.. Wi^c: flows through N. W. part of the co., into Mississippi r. Racoon Fop.o, p. o., Culpepper oo., Ylrg.: on bank of Rapid xVnn r., 15 m. above its entrance into Rappahannock r., G3 m. N. W. f>y N. Richm'>nd. R.AcooN Island, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio: 90 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Racoon island is in the Ohior., below Gallipolis, au'l near the mouth of Racoon creek. 707 RAC UAL Kacoon Valley, p. o., Knox county, Tmui. : 159 m. E. Nashville. EADFonnsviLLE, p. o., Perry co., Ala. ; 64 m. W. N. W. Mouttjomery. Eau.nuk. I. and p. v., Delaware co., 0?iio: on E. side of Scioto r.. SO m. N. N. W. Columbus. Surface rolling, and well linibereii ; soil fertile. This town is principally in- habited by Welsh, and received its name from a place in "Wales. The v. is located about 1 m. E. of the Scioto river. Pop. of t. 1,21H. Kaunoe, t and p. o., Delaware co., Penn. : SI ra. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. Drained by Darby cr. and other streams. Surface level; soil rich and fertile. It has several manu- factures. The Philadelphia aud Columbia K. E, passes throu^'h it. Pop. 1,3T2. Eagueu mountains, N. IJump. : 25 m. N. N. liV. Concord. Are a bleak precipitous range, about 11) m. long, between Andover and Hill, in some parts nearly 2,000 feet hieh. Eaglksville, p. 0., Daviess co., Incl. : 79 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. Eauwav, t.. p. v., and sta., Essex county, i\^. Jer. : an Bahway r., 35 m. N. E. Trenton; by New Jersey E. E., 20 m. from New York, and 67 m. from Phiiadeiphia. The v., chiefly in Woodbridge t. Middlesex co., is partly in Eahway t. Essex co., on bolh sides of Eahway r. at the he:id of tide, 5 m. from its mouth. It contains 7 churches, au academy, female institute, 1 bank— cap. .$130,0110, and has some manufactures. Two newspapers are published weekly, "Advocate and liegister" (whig;, aud " E. Eepubliean" (dem.). The t. has a level surface, and the soil is red shale, and well euUivated. It is intersected by the New Jersey E. E. and two turnpikes. Pop. of t. 3,306, Eahway Port or Bucklown is situate 3 or 4 m. further down the river. Eaikgrn's CitKKK, p. o., Laurctis district, S. Car. : on W. side of cr. of same name, 63 m. W. N. W. Columbia, Eainbow, p. o., Hartford county, Conn.: on N. side of Farmington r., 10 m. N. Ilartfurd. Eaixes' Tavern, p. o., Cumberland county, Ttrg. : 50 m W. by S. Eiehmond. * Eainesville, p. v., Warren co., Ind.: on Big Pine cr., 72 m. N. W. by AV. Indianapolis. 1:ain8doro' p. v., Highland county, Ohio : 57 m. S. S. W. Columbus. EAiNsntTRG, p. v., Bedford county, P^mi. : on "W. side of small affiuent of llaystown br. of Juniata r., 84 m. W. by 8. Harrisburg. Eaisin, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich. ; 63 m. S. S. E. Lansing, on both sides of Eaisin r., which affr)rds water- power. Surfaeo undulating; soil black sandy loam, very productive of grain. The Tecumseh Branch E. E. passes through the L Pop. 1,'2()7. Eaisin river, 3Iich. Eises in Wheatland t., Hillsdale co., flows by a very circuitous couree through Jackson, "Wash- tenaw, Lenawee, and Monroe counties, 140 m. ; and emj)ties into Lake Erie, 2\ m. below Monroe. Its banks are gener- ally high and beautiful ; its current is very rapid, affording great water-power, which is extensively used. Its name is derived from the wild grape vines which Ibrmerlj lined its banks, Eaisinville, t, Monroe co., 3fwh. Drained by Eaisin r., on which is much fertile land. Pop. 967. EALEum county. Virg. Erected in 1850, out of Fayette. Situate W. cenlrally, and contains 531 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of New r., or Upper Kanawha. Surface rough and mountainous ; soil in some parts fertile. Chief products, wheat, Indian corn, pork, etc. Farms 2L6 ; manuf. — ; dwell. 296, and pop.— wh. 1,735, fr. col. 7, si. 23— total 1,765. Oipj'tid: Berkley. Ealeigh, p. T., and cap. Smith co., Mi-^8.: 44 m. E. S. E. Jackson. Drained by a creek of Leaf r., and contains the county buildings, etc. Ealetoii, p. city, aud cap. "Wake county, K Car. : and capital of the State of Nortli Carnliua, about 6 m. W. of Neuse r., in laL 35° 47' N., and long. 73° 45' W.— 2S6 m. from Washington. Smitlitleld. 27 m. S. E., ia the ordinary pninl of navigation, but in high stages of the water, vessc-ls eomc u]) within S m. of Ealeigh. It has an elevated and pleasant situation in a healthy country, and ig laid out wiih great regularity. In the centre is Union Square, containing 10 acres, from which extend four streets, 99 feet wide, dividing it into quarters. In the centres of these quarters are other squares, each of 4 acres, intersected as the principal square by streets 66 feet wide. The public buihiings are the State-house, court-house, the Ni>rth Carolina Instiuuion fur the instruction of the deaf and dumb, county jail, a market-house, the Governor's house, office of the Serr,'lary of Slate, and 7 churches. The State-house, next to that of Oliio at Columbus, surpasses in architectural beauty, those of all other States. It is built aflcr the model of the I'artbenon at Alliens, and is located on Union Square. The building is 1(36 feet long by 90 feet wide, anii unili-s with Uie Nuw York and Erie R. K., wiiich laLIer cro^srs llie town. Topu- lulion 3.197. Eamai'O river, X. T.: rises in Orancre ennnty, flows 8. through W. part "f Itoekland "'oiinty into New Jerstv, and empties thrnu<;h I'unipti'n r. inin llu' Piis^aic. liAMAFo WoiiKB, p. V. and sta.. Ilm-kland co.. iV. 1'; on Katnapn r., llU ni. W. by S. Albany, and on Krie \l. K., 35 ni. from New Ynrk. The Kaniapur. here furnishes a. large water-power to several iron manufactories. IIameu, p. o., Montgomery co., Alir. KAMSAVsmnii:. p. v.. 'NViirren co,, X. Jfv. : on K. !iank nf Delaware r., 41) m. N. N. W. Trenton. It contains an fclpis- Ci>pal cluireh, a store, and a score of fiwellintrs. U \MSnoi:o', p. v., GniUord co., N. Car.: 1(13 m. W. N.W. Raleigh. Ramsey county. Minn. Situate E. niidillo. and cnnlains 2.150 sq. ni. It is a country full of lakes and ponds and running streams. On the S. tiie Mississippi fornis iis liound- ary. and receives the drainage of more Ihait half the county, tbrougti Rum, Otlonwey, and Reterah rivers. 'J'lie Missis- sippi also forms a portion of the N. boundary. The county is about 101) m. long and 20 broad, and abimt oue-fourUi part of its surface is water. The largest lake is Minsi-Sa- paigoning, or Millc Lacs, which covers ijoo sq. ni. Earms 19; nianuf. 0; dwell. 3^. and pop.— \vh. 2,197, fr. col. 3ii— total '2,'2-27. Ctipittil : St. Paul. Ramsey's, stru, Bergen county, K. Jir. : on Union R. R., 2^ tu. from New York, 5 m. from Suffern's. Ranaleburg, p. v., Mecklenburg co., X. Car. : 120 m. W. S. "\V. Raleigh. IlANcocL's, p. o., Burlington co., X. Jer. : 15 m. S. S. AV. Trenton. R.vNOOcrs creek. X. Jer. : an atlluciU of the Didawarc. It rises in Momnoulh county, and llowing W. through iJur- Iiiigt'>n county, falls into the Delaware opposite the mouth of I'equasin cr. the N. line of PliiUidei|diia county. i;ANn.vLT,STowN, V., Baltimore coimty, Md. : 40 miles N. Ann;ipolJs. Ranoam.'ivti.i.k, p. v., RoI)esnn co, X. Car. : on a liranch of Luudier r., t>i m. S. b. W. Riileiglu I:andi'I,tmi county, Al^i. Situaie E., and contains 917 &q. m. Tallapoosa r. flows throngli it ccnlraHy, iiy whieh and by its Iribularies, Little TaU;q)oosa r. and other streams, it is lirain^ni. Surface generally level ; soil productive, and adapted lo Ihe growth of cotton, the staple article of coui- uierce. Earms ftiV.) ; maruif. 23; dwell. I,9n4, and pop. — Kvh. 10,1. Cojutal: Wee- dowee. Ranpolpij covmty, Ark. Situate N. toward the E., anrl contains S30 sq. m. Drained by IJig Black r. and its brancht*. Surface varied, but in general is even ; soil fer- tile, and produces wheat, corn, etc. Tnnl)er {)f a good quality is found on the land. Earms 89() ; nianuf. 2; dwell. 53S, and pop.— wh. 3,029, fr. col. 3, si. 243— tolal 3,275. Ciipital : Pocahontas. Randolph counly, Oa. Situate S, AV.. and contains 713 sq. m. Drained by branches of Chatlahooehee r., which fitrnis its western bonn( Flint r. Burlace umiulaling, in parts hiily; soil fertile, and .'idapted ^> coiton. which is the principal produclion of the counly. Pine tinibiT abounds, and some minerals are to be found here. Farms 930; manuf. 3S ; dwell. 1,408. and pop.— wh. 7.S57, fr. col. 3, al. 5,^08- total 12 stts. Capital: CulhberL Piih/ic Wark-H: South Western U. R. Randolimi county, IlL Situate S. W., and contains .514 ?q. m. Kaskaxkia r., a tributary of the Mississippi, px-ises LliTou^h the western jiortion of the county, by wliich and by St. Mary's and Horse creeks, it is drained. Surface un- dulating, and i[i the S. W., on ihe shore of the Mississippi, terminates in high bluffs; soil fertile, producing wheat, In- dian corn, and tobacco. Agriculture is the leading pursuit. Farms I.IOO; manuf. 36; dwell. 2.040. and pop.— wh. 10,097, fr. col. 2S3— total 1O.9S0. Cupitnl: t_'lie8ter. RAxnoLi-n county, InrJ. Situate F^., and contains 423 s(j. m. Drained by W. fork of WliiU- and Mississinewa rivers and iheir branches, by which got»d water-power is supplied. Surface rolling, in some parts it is low and niar-shy ; soil fertile, and adapted to grain and grazing. Chief produc- tions, wheat, sugar, and Indian corn. It lias some prairies, and goiid timber is found on (he land. Farms 1.477; manuf. 12: dwell. 2.51.3, and pop.— wh. U,(i64, fr. col. lilJl— total 14,725. Capiial: Winchester. Piihliv Worku : Indianap- olis and BellcfontaineR. R. ; Union and Fort Wayne, Dayton and Green\ille K\I<-rision R. R., etc. RANPoLen counly, J/o. Situate centrally toward the N., and contains 457 mi. m. Drained by East Chariton r. and branches, and small streams of Salt r. Surface even; soil fertile and very proiluctive— it is welt adapted to loJiacco, a large quantity of which is grown. Corn and fruits of difler- cnt kinds are also proi1ni-cI. ::'.97. si. I,ii40--total 15.832. Ca/a'tal : Ashboro'. I'nhlia Works: North Carolina Central K. R. Ranuoli'ii counly, I*//j/. Sitvuite toward the N. "W., and contains !,4S4 ssiiU'ral)le manufacturing capital and some retail trade. Pop. of t. 1,606. IIandoi.I'U. 1. and p. o.. Portage co., OJilo: lU m. N. E. Culuriibua. Drained by branch of Cuyahojra r. Surface pcnlly uneven ; soil fertile— much grain is raised. Popula- tion 1.730. Kanpolpii, p. v.. Tipton co„ Tejin. : on E. side of Mis- si^ippl r..al Mie mouth of Big Uatehie r., 22 m. below Ash- purt, 17y m. W. by ?. Nashville. Larije quanlilies of cotton are phippeS'. Car,: S3 m. S. by E. CoUnnbia. Raphor, t. and p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 23 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Surface of town rolling; soil calcareous loam. Drained by the Chiques creeks, which form its E. anri W. boundaries. It contains numerous saw, grist, flouring, and fnlling mills, tanneries, distilleries, etc. Pop. about 4.000. Mount Joy and Elizabethtown, on the Lancaster and llar- risbnrg R. li., and Manheim are in this town. Rapid Ann, p. o., Madison county, Yirg. : 71 m. N. "W. Eichmond. Rapid Ann river, Virg. : rises in the Blue Ridge, in Mad- ison county, and joins the Rappahannock, 10 miles above Fredericksburg. Rapides parish. La. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 1,993 sq. m. Drained by Red r. and its branches, Calcasieu river, and Breuf, Hagon, Cypress, Rapide. and Crocndilc bayous. Surface level, and in some parts very low, subject- 710 jng it to inundation when the rivers are high; soil various, along the streams being fertile, and generally productive; Staple articles of commerce cotton and Indian corn. Tim- ber is found on the land, pine prevailing. It contains some small lakes. Farms 1S7; mauuf 11; dwell. I,t32, and pop.— wh. 5.03T, fr. col. 1S4, si. 11,340— total 16.5^1. Ccj)- ital : Alexandria. Public ^Yor^ks : New Orleans, OpLdousas, and Gn-at Western R. R. Rapids, p. o., Portage co., Ohio: 120 m. N. E. Columbus. Rapids, p. o., Whiiesides co., lU. : on S. side of Rock r., 1.37 m. N. Springfield. Rapids, p. o., Boone co., la. : 136 m. W. by N. Iowa City. Rapids, p. o., Niagara county, N, Y.: 260 m. W. by N. Alljany. Rappahankock county, Yirg. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 268 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Rappa- hannock r. Surface level ; soil fertile, adapted to grain and grazing. Chief products wheat and Indian corn. Farms 472; manuf. fW; dwell. 990, and pop.— wh. 5,642, fr. col. 296, si. 3,S44— total 9.7S2. Capital: Washington. Rappahannock river, Virg.: rises in the Blue Ridge* and flowing in a S. E. course 130 m., enters Chesapeake bay by a large estuar.', 25 m. S. of the mouth of the Poto- mac. It has four fathoms water at Hobbs' Hole, and is navigable for vessels requiring 10 feet of water to Freder- icksburg, 40 ra. from its mouth. Rappahannock Academy, p. c, Caroline co., Virg.: 36 m. N. by E. Richmond. Rapp's B.verens, p. o., Fulton co., Ark. : 105 m. N. Little Rock. Raritan, t, ITunterdon co., 2^. Jer. : 20 m. N. Trenton. Drained by Nachanic or. and several streams, aflhients of S. branch of Raritan r., which forms the N. E. boundary, and also by WiL-kheekcoke and other streams of Delaware r. It is a fine farming t, and has numerous mills and man- ufactures. Flemington, to which a branch of the Belvidcro Dt^aware R. R. will be built, is in Raritan. Pop. 3.0GU. Raritan, p. v. and sta. Somerset co., N. Jer. : on Raritan r., 1 m. W. Somerville, by New Jersey Central R. R., 40 m. from New York. Rauitan bay, K. Jer.: lies between Staten Island on tlie N., Monmouth co., N. J., on the S., and Sandy Hook on the S. E. It terminates on the W. at Amboy, to which it has 2^- fathoms of water. Raritan river, K. Jer. : is formed by two branches which unite in Somerset co., and empty into Raritan bay at Am- boy. Sloops of SO tons ascend the r. with S feet of water to New Brunswick, whence also steamboats ply daily to New- York. RATOLTFFSBtrr.G, p. 0., YintoD county, 0?do: 57 m. S. E. Columbus. Rathuonevtlle, p. V. and sta., Steuben co. J^. Y.: on N. E. side of Canistco cr., 1S6 m. W. by S. Albany, and on Erie R. R.. 317 ni. from New York, 152 m. from Dunkirk; a handsome village. Pop. about 500. Ratuuun, p. o., Sheboygan co., lltsc. ; 90 m. N. E. by E. Madison. Raven Creek, p. 0., Uarrison county, Ky. : 36 m. N. E. Frankfort. Ravenna, t., p. v., and cap. Portage co., Ohio: 121 m. N. K. Columbus. Surface undulating, drained by a br-luch of Cuyahoga r., and by W. brancli of Mahoning r. The v. is iileasantly situated on a plain, is regularly laid out, and contains an elegant court-house of stone, a jail, female sem- inary, an K. E., l:.! m. S. W. Cumber- land, and 192 m. from BaUini'ire. Eawlinsville, p. v., Lancaster co., renji.: 41 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. EAv^■so^■^^LLE, v., Fulton Co., y. T. : nn Fonda's Bush cr.. ^(i m. N'. W. Albany. It contains several factories, and about 500 inhabitants. Bawsonville, p. v., "Wayne co., JificJt.: Gl m. E. S. E. Lansing. Bay county, Jfo. Situate toward the N. W., and cnu- tains 503 sq. m. Drained by Cmoked r. and its K. and \V. fiirks, and by other small streams, all flowinj? into the Missouri, wbich forma Its S.boundar}'. Surface nndulatiiii;; soil very ferlile, and produces in alnindanee corn, wheat, fruits, ele. Tobacco is grown, and there is some fine tim- ber land. Limestone abounds. Farms S38; mnnuf. 3il; dwell. l,4oT. and pnp.—wh. S,s34, fr. col. 25, si. l,514^totaI 10.373. Cdpital : Biehmond. Bay. t. and p. o., Macomb eo.. .V//. ; 18 ni. N. E. Frankfort. Bay's Hii.l, p. 0., Bedford county, Penn.: 77 m. W. Harrisburg. Baysville, p. v., Henry co., Ind.: on W. side of Blue river, 32 m. E. Indianapolis, on line of Indiana Central B. R. In the vicinity ia fine and well impruved water- power. Baysvtllk, p. v., Columbia co., Ga. . on S. side of Litlle r., 62 m. N. E. Milledgeville. Baytow.v, p. v., Taliaferro co., Ga. : 46 m. N. E. by N. Milledgeville. Ravville, p. v., Lawrence co., Jli'^ss.: 44 m. S. Jackson, Drained by a creek of I'earl river. Raywick, p. v., Mariim co.. A''/. " "n N. sitle o( Rolling fork of Salt r.. 51 m. S. W. I>y S. Frankfort. BEVDFrELT), t. and p. o.. Kennebec co., /)/-'. ; 9 m. "W. by N. Augusta. This is a fine farming t., with fertile soil. It has a large pond in its S. part (lying partly in Winlhrop), and another in its W. part. The Maine Wesleyan Seminary, ine<(rporated in lV22, is here located. Pop. 1,9>5. IIeiuteld Depot, p. o., Kennebec county, Jfe. : 11 m. W. by N. Augusta, and by Androscoggin and Kennebec Baiiroad, 59 ni. from Portland. Bkai'ing, t, p. v., and sta.. Middlesex co., J/a-w. : 12 m. N. Bi>ston. Drained by Ipswich river. Surface diversified; soil generally good, and in some parts excellent. The manufacture of iron, shoes, chairs, and cabinet-ware is ex- tensively prosecuted. Tbe Boston and Maine B. R. passes througli tbe v., which is loratrd in tlie S. part, and tbe Sa- lem and Lowell B. B. crosses it in tbe N. I'op. 3,108. Reaptm;, t. and p.o., Hillsdale co,. ,V/e//.; 66 m. S. by W. Lansing. Surface diversified ; soil rich sandy loam. In its W. part is a long pond, from which flows Hog r. in N. N. E. course. Pop. !)5(i. Bkadt>-g. t. and p. o., Steuben co., X. Y. : 1(U m. "W. by S. Albany. Drained by small streams running into Seneca lake, which on the ]■'. forms its boundary. Surface elevated and rolling; soil clay and calcareous loam. The Canandai- gua and Elmira R. R. runs along the lake shore. Popula- tion 1,434. Readino. p. v., Hamilton co., Ohio : on E. side of Mill creik of the Ohio r., 1 m. E. of the Reading Lot-ks of the Miami Canal, 10 qi. N. by E. Cincinnati, S9 ni. S. W. by W. (.'ohimbus. Rkatiino. p. b., and cap. Berks county, Ponn. : on the E. bank of Sehuvlkill river, 50 m. E. Harrisburg. Laid out ia 174S l>y Tliomas and Biohard Petm, jiroprietaries and governors of the province, and settled chiefly by Germans, whose descendants constitute a largo portion of its present population. The streets are spacious and straight, crossing at right angles. In a central square statuls a splendid courl-liouse, 200 feet long by 220 deep, having aii imposing portico with 6 columns of red sandstone — cost $59,ii00. Be- sidfs put)lie offices, are a jail, 3 banks— capital .^300.000, an acailcmy, female seminary, 3 public libraries, and 13 cluirches. The Lutheran and the German Reformed churches arc large and handsome structures, with lofly spires, the former 201 feet liigh. Tbe natural position of Iteading. its facilities of communication willi the interior coal n-gion, and the sea-coast, and its highly industrious population, have made it the centre of an active trade and of extensive manufactures. The Schuylkill Navigation Canal, extending from Port Carbon in tlie anthracite coal region above Pottsville to Philadeli)hia. passes through Reading, and the Union Canal extends hence to Middle- town, on tbe Susquehanna. The Philaddphia and Read- ing R. B. (now extended to Pottsville) passes through the place, 58 m. from Philadelplda. A line of railroad is i>ro- jecteti to Harrisburg. There are various large inaniifaeto- ries. One anthracite blast furnace has an annual capacity of 3-500 tons, and produced in 1^40 3 250 tons, employing steam-power and 50 men. One hot-blast charcoal furn.ice has an annual capacity of 1..55M tons, using water-power, em- ploying 40 men, and [.roduced in 1S19 4."iO tons. One cold- blast charroal furnace has an annual capacity of 1,100 tons, employing 100 men, using water-power, and made in 1S49 711 REA RED 89" tons. One forge, employing steam-power and 14 nn-n, has an annual Ciipat'ity of GDO tons. There are ;i cliari'^al forges, employing b'2 men; ami 2 rolling-millp, employing steam-power and '215 men, which made in 1S49 2.G(iO tona. The manufaelure ofliats for the southern and western mar- kets is a hirge bnsiness. A cotton factory, making fine mus- lins, produees about S.OOO yards daily. There are also large flouring-mills. a nail factory, breweries, tanneries, a pottery, lumber yards, etc. ^Vhite wines of excellent qmilily are manufactured. Reading is supplied with water by an aqueduct from a spring on Penn's Mount, conducted into a reservoir, and tlience distributed through the streets in iron pipes. Two fine covered bridges cross the Schuylkill, here 600 feet wihing. and rural sports are the atlraetions. The North American Phalanx have a setllement near this vil- lage, respecting which, and otlier societies of a like nature, the fallowing letter from Charles Sears, secretJiry to the association, will prove of great interest and value to in- quirers : The North American Phalanx, » ?ieic Jersey, April 13, 1S53. f Dear Sir — T received your letter of 9lh insL, and, in accordance wi'li your suggestion, inclose herewith a sum- mary statement of our aims, organization, and statistics. It is brief as I could well make it. Ours, I believe, is the only .association in this country or in the world that !idoi)ts Fou- rier's fornmla of organization. A good many similar at- tempts have been made, but hitherto witliout success. Tliere are other forms of association in this country, and those within my knowledge are : Ilopoihtle Communitijy in Milford, Mass., Rev. Adin Bal- low, leader. This is a non-resistant Christian fraternity, having many interests in common, and some separate in- terests. Paritnn Bay Union, near Perth Amboy, New Jersey, is about org.inizing this spring. This body propo.ses to asso- ciate capital, and when expedient or desirable, they will co- operate in(histrially. George B. Arnold, resident director, Perth Amboy. Modem Timeft, Long Island, 40 miles from Brooklyn, Josi.ah Warren, leader. This is an attempt to organize, or, ratlicr, to institute justice upon a scientific basis, viz., " In- dividual Sovereignly," recognizing competition, and repu- diating institutions, government, etc. The German societies, such as ihe Ebenezer Societt/, near Buffalo, New York; The Society at Zoat\ Ohio^ under J. Bimeler; Uapp's Society^ at Economy, on the Ohio, near Beaver. Penn. I believe these societies differ from each other, but I am not familiar with their distinctive principles. The li-arianji, at Nanvoo, Illinois, under Cabet. The Prrfc'ctioituU^ Hi Oneida, New York, J. II. Noyes, leader. There are a number of these Christian communi- ties, claiming a scientific as well as a religious basis of or- ganization, and of all of which I believe that Mr. J. H. Noycs of Brooklyn, New York, is the acknowledged head. Finally, The Shakers, who also are now in the field a3 propagandist reformers. I had forgotten to mention a society oT Spintualists^ that went out last year under the direction of Rov. T. L. Harris, late of New York City. This place is called Mountain Cove, soQiewhere in Western Yirginia. I am very respectfully yours, CuAKLES Sears, Secretary. R. S. FiSHEB, Esq., Brooklyn. The North American Phalanx Association, Movmonth Coiintij, near lied Bank, X.Jer, This Association w.-is organized, not for the purpose of correcting any special form of evil, bHt to Institute Posi- tive Rights; which, being accomplished, wrongs, conse- quently cease. Those who have been active in establishing this Institu- tion, believe with the associative school, that existing civil- RED RED ization, as wt-ll as the I'crms of society lliat precfdcil it. are phases in (he growth of the Human ll.u-c ; jiml that the present antagonism of interests an»i oili'-r disonliTs are, in turn, to be snpcrscduii liy Organic F'<)i:.ms of Sucikty. in which Men. WnnnMi. and OhiMren shall, by the force of Society, be eslablislied in p(«session of llie lii-iht of Labor and the thiits thereof— a Home ; Bueial Culture; and a Practical EducaMon in the AlTairs <>f Life. The general purpose of the Afwoeiation is expressed in the fiTinuIa of Fourier as follows: Unity of Man with Goi>, with Na- ture, AND WITH Man. Of practical Institutes, the following; formula ia adopted : Joint Stock I ^, .., _ ,. T 1 j Association ' I of Knniilii-s; rmpiTtv; K''^»P^"''-'^t'*'t^I^"'^^^'';-; Kquilahle j j^^^^^^^j , Honors D.slnbunon^ Guarantees; 1 according oll'rotils; I ( (o U>etidne83; Inlegral l-Mucation ; Uuily of Hitcrests. The Association organized in ISiS. Its domain consists of 673 acres of rolling land, upiin the Gn-ensand Belt in Monmouth County (near ltd Bank), New Jersey, about 40 mUes south of New York. The present population is aliout loU persons. Agriculture in its various hranelies is a lead- ing industry. Milling, and some mechanical branches, are also carried on. In organization, the serial form is adopted, and the fol- lowing are the principal departments, viz.: The Agricultural Serie " Stock " " Mechanical " The Domestic Serie ** Manufacturing Serie " Festal '' And within the past year the Educational Serie has been organized, in which it is proposed to Educate the young Integrally, that is, to develop the boflily po\vi-rs, the alTcc- liniis, and the intellect; and not to limit our Kducalional efTorts mainly to the culture of the intellect, as in the current method of Education. April, 1S53. Kkd Bank, t.. Clarion co., ppiin. : 140 m. N. "\V. by "W. Harrisburg. Itraiiied by Ked Bank, Malioning. and Braver creeks. Surface rolling; soil fi-rlile loauL Alum is found in ilie t. and several inanufuctories are carricil on. Popu- lation 3.276. Ped Bank FintxACE, p. o., Armstrong co., Pfiin. : 134 m. "V\'. N. W. Harrisburg. Here is a charcoal cold-blasL fur- nace, which produces annually about 2,0()U Icms metal, and gives employment to IDO men. Red BiJ*KS, p. v., Marsliall co., JfUs.: 174 m. N. by E. Jackson. Red Beach, p. o., Washington co., J/i-. ; 114 m. E, N. E. Augusta. Red Bluff, p. c, Marion district, S. Cur. : 85 m. E. Columbia. Red Bluff, p. o., Wythe co., Virff. : 203 in. W. by S. Riclimond. Red Boiling Springs, p. o., Macon co., Ttun.: 43 m, E. by N.Nashville. Red Bridge, p. o., Ulster co., iV". T. : 50 m. S. S. W. Albany. liED Bud. p. 0., Randolph county, III. : 115 m. S. by W. gpringfield. Red Bud, p. c, Ozark county, J/cj. ; on Bryant's fork of White r., 94 m. S. Jefferson City. Red Cedar creek, Mhu). Ter. : in Wasliington co., flows S. E. into St. Croi,x r., in lat. N. 45^ 45'. Red Ceiiau lake. Minn. Ter. : in N. E. comer of Benton county, connected by an outlet with Mississippi river. Red Cedar bike and river, Wiitr. ; the lake in N. W. part of the county is the most S. of a chain of lakes, forming the source of the river, which flows S. by W. about 70 ni., and empties into Chippewa river. Ri;d Cedar river, Mich.: rises in Living'lon co., flous S4 W. Iiy N. tlirongh N. part r.f Inyliam co., an.l empties into Grand rivi-r. near Lansing. Red Clay, p. o. and sta., Murray county, Gf Saranac r., 136 m, N. Albany. Iron ore is al»undaiit in ihe vicinity, and in the v, are glass-works, and about IM) inha!)il:mt9. Red Hill, p. o., Marshall county, Aht.: l;;5 miles N. Montgomery. Red Hill, p. o. and sta., Murray county, fjii.: on East Tennessee and rgia R, R,, 'J miles N. Dalion, 169 miles N. W. by N. MilK-dgeville. Red Hill, p. v., Grainger county, Ttiui.: 174 miles E. Nashville. Red Hill, p. o., Hardin county, Kij. : 70 miles S- W. Frankfort. Red Hill, p. o., Kershaw dist., S. Car.: on E. side of Catawba r., 29 in. N. E, by N. Cobnnbia. Red Hill, A', llanip. : a summit a little N, of Winnipis- cogee lake, and commanding an extensive and fine view of the romantic scenery of the region. Red Hook, t. and p. v.. Duchess co., K. Y.: 4-1 m. S. Albany. Drained by small streams flowing into Hudson r., which bounds it on llie W. Surface rolling ; soil elay and loam. There are two landings from the river, called Upper and Lower. The v. of T'pper Red Hook is about 4 m. back from the landing, and contains a church, an aca'lemy. seve- ral stores, and oU'i inhabitants; and that of Lower Red liook about 3 m. from tlie lower landing, and is a somewhat large settlement. There are other villages in the town, of which Tivoli and Barrytown on the river and railroad are tlie largest. Factories of various descriptions are established in the villages. Pop. of t, 3,26:?. Red House, p. c, Charlotte co., Vlrg.: 74 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Red House Shoals, p. o.. Putnam co., Vinj. : on Kan- awha r.. 255 m. W. N. W. Richmond. Red Jacket, p. o., Erie co., X. Y. : 256 m. W. Albany. Red Land, p. v., Pontotoc co., Miw. : on T.oi. baton cr., 9 m. S. Pontotoc, and 141 m. N. E, by N. Jackson. Red Land, p, o.. Bossier parish, /.(/.; 214 miles N. W. Baton Rouge. Red Lion, bund, and p. o.. New Castle co., lirl. : 32 in. N. by W. Dover. The hund, contains an area of 13.9n0 acres. Drained liy Red Lion creek, on the N. si., .laok«m couuly, AixK : 167 railw N. MonIi^*nu'^y. i;»u Muus jv «ny. 1;ki> \K>vxm [v *,x, Ueiulorson co., TVnit, ; 97 lu. W. S. "W. KashvilU\ Kki» NU^rxT.vix. p. o., Orango co., -V. Ttir. : SS m. N. W. );ki» Oak. p. o., Fayolto county. Go. : S5 m. "W. N. "W. MilK^^J^'vil^^ IvKit Oak» p. a, Ellis «v, Tlw.; 1(* m. X. X. K. Aiwlin City- Kkp Oak Grovb. Buritn^ton w\* .V. Jer', Kko Oak Orovb» p. iv, Charioltc co., Ti/v* -' tS m. S, W. EiohuiMnt. Kki^ TuviN-si, pw 0., Tavikiu «»., X Orr. ; 115 m. "VT. by N. Kki» K»vkr cmmly. Test. Sitiiato N. E,, and ivntains 1.In13 i^i. m. KiHl river fi>n«s it* norlhoni Knmtiary, by bnuu*hi*s of whieli an*l of Sulpluir f>>rk of Ki\l rivor it i* draiiu-^t. Svirfeco uiuUtUittnj; and Oivor^it^iM ; Ml tVrlilo and a*lapttHl to ci*tiou ami civn. It i» well timlvtvil. Farm* 16<.» : manwf. 7 : d\voll. 42t\ and |m>j\— wh. 3,49;1» ft*. o\^l. 7. 5^1. l,H>tV— Uiial ^IHHV Oti'itat: ClarksvllUx 1;ki> Kwkr, p. o., KolH'rtsou cvnmiy, 7W»h.: Si^ m. N. Ka>hvilK\ Uko Tivor. /.*»., ArSr,^ ffi\ : i* tho flrst larsp? r. which enter* the Missi*s.ii>|M »h»^%%> its month. It rl^"* at the l*ase of the ran^^^ of Kky Mountains, m»ar S«nta K6. in Mexici\ and te fUrn\e*l by several main branches. It nnvive* several lari^' tributaries* the principal iH-injr Ulue r. and Fal^c Wa- shiiM. The S, !v\nk lorm* for a srrt\M distatuv the l>oin\dary Wtwei't* the r. :^ territories anvl Texas. A ^rvater |v»rt of Its CHirse is thr\ntgh rieh prairies of a r^n! soil, whi^'h eolors the wrttiT of the r„ and has Invn the i^i.^in of its name. Its slum's arv^ iwer»\l with grass, and aNMUul with jn*aiH^ vini^s.. whieh pr\>*luce an ex^vllent tVuit. ANnit ItK* ni. alH>ve J*av»hitwhes vxnntnonei*s what is denomiiiaiM the Hall, which or SO m., and lens^th of 60 or 70 ra. The r. divides into a crx'at nutnlvr of ehannols, niajiy of wtneh an* shallow, nnd have ber i^arts. It\ s»^me places the raft iv\*eren Iv erossixl on horscMck. ihmisrfi not withmit dans^'r. Ihu n\vve s»?nerally the r. »pi>w\nsl btMwcf n the masses of limlvr. At a ^'ai exiHMise this raft has Kvn sv^ t^ir remov^M by the l-niteil Statv-s owortmient that steamWxits \«is* thrvntsrh it. Invits tvMuetini^'s ^viss the raft by leavinsr the r, alwe it, in a channel which tlowu out of it into some neufhlHving lake atid tv^llowin* the »M\tlet of this lake nntil it joins the r,, lx'h»w tho rati. This raft has Khmi a s*'ri»M»s ol»siru\*ii\>ii, as 4)|o r, would otherwist* Iv naviir«ble lv>r steamKvits 4»K> miK"!*, and the lands \mi its K^rvlors arv* hijchly fertile, and desirable for cult»vativM\ (l^r a s^^\U distant aKn-e the raft. lielow the raftx and 4 m. alnwe Xaehilocht'*, the whi^e vv^utne of the r. is airtin nnitM. but ver>- svH^n dividi^s into many channv'ls. and fills an itwmenst* nnu\lH-r of l»a\\vus and lakes that lie i^ralK'l t»> it. In its lowor jvart the uwiu channel of tho r, is narrower than alwe tho raft. IvKn lUvKK Ikv^s Wokk*, IV v.. Estill iw. Ky.: on S, side rf KvhI r.. W tn. K. S. K. Fraiikfort. lrv*n in abimdaiu'^ here and in vicinitv", and Wlvke^l sn^vessftilty. Ktn* KivKK LAsmNn N. bank of Pes Mwncs r. i»* m. VT. by :n Iowa City. Uko K^vk. IV Ok. ViViJiur civ, TKr.. .* 341 m. X. E. Anslin City. Kko l^x'K, p. (V, Kainaey co.. JWuh. TW-, Km* SiuvAi^ p. a. Silkies cvv. X t\ir. : 103 in. W. :?. >V. Raleigh. 714 Kf.n S^CKiNO. p o., Polk connt.v, TVnN,: 18S in. S. E. by E. Nttshvillt\ Kko Siv^ne, t. and p. o., Fayette county, /Vfirt. .* l.V in. W. by S, Uarrisluir^. Praiiu\l by ertvks o( Mouoiiffshda r., whieh Nninds it on the W.. and atTi^rvls ;cvhhI waier-|H>wer Mills of various dt'scriptious are in o|><>raiion. On the r. is Krv^wnsville. a Hourislnn^ v.. Id m. N. W. Uuiontown. Fop, oft. aNnil 1.4i\V IvKn Sru-nvK Sprisos, p, a, Uardln co,, 7eN«,: 97 m. S. W. Nashville. ivKo Sr LnirK Spkixos, p. v., MonT\^ «v. Ytrff. : on Indian cr.. ISl m. W. Uiohmond. The waters of those and other neiijhN>riui: sprin?r^ are hifrhly r^Hnnnmend^sl for tvrtasn curative efllvis. "The apprvwch to tho villai^^" s:»ys ;i visitor. " Is N'anti(\ill.v rvnuantie and piciures*pu\ W'oudin^ his wa\* a^nlt\d a hiiih mountain, the traveler is for a nvv. inenl eharnuM out of his fhtiffue by the suddon view of his rx'slinsj-plaee, s^mte hundnvls of ftH't immoilialely InMieaih him. Conlinuiu;: the oireuitous dosi.'ent, he at length reaeht'S a raviuiv whieh vvuduets him, after a fow rasKc^l steps, to the entraniv of a venlant glen, summon Itsl on all sides by lofty monntjiins. The S. end of this enrhimtinj; \-sle, whieh is the widest j>f»rlion of it. is aNnit *Oti ftvt in width. Its Cvnirst* is nearly N. i\^r IW \-arxls. when it bcirins gradu- ally to t^Miiraot and chan^^e its dinvtion to the N. W. and W., nntil it terminates in a nanvnv |v»im. This K\nntiiVilly se- ehuUsl Tem|H» i< tho ch(vset» site of the vilhijM'. The S. portion, jnst at the Kase of the east and west inountatnsk ts that upm which stanJ the various eilitl^x'S for the aiwmmo- dation of visitors. These buildinirs an.* spacious and c^ni- venienlly arrans^Ml: the servants an* pnunp! and obislifiii; an*l the ^iW<< «i> Aii/<' is abund.^nily suppKuvl with ovcry thins that can tompl the ap^H'tite. The pnnnenades an» UvnUlfUlly einlH'llishvHl, and stnuUM fnmi the mid-day sun by Iara^' susiw maples, the nati^'os of the t\m*st." Kki> AViNM. p. i\, Wal^shaw eo., Minn, 7*u\ KKnwiM>K |v v.. .TetTorsi^n c«v. A' 1* .- on W". side of IndKin r..l^:J m. N. W. .Vll^any. It ctMilains sevt^ral mauufaeturing t>stablishments and aNntt :itK> inhabitants. KKnwix>ix |v »v, Graini^T vw, Ti****!. .' li^ in. E. Xashvtlle, Kkko island, Pulaski countj% Mrj;,: on New r. 1S5 m. W*. by !n Kiehmoud. Kkkiv I., Seniva cix, (Viio: S nv N". Colnmbu'^ Prainetl by envks of ^ndnsky and Hun^n rivors. Siiriaco oK-v uitvl and n>lliusr; sinl fertile. Fanning is tho sole ivcni»cnion purs^uiHl. l\»|v l,4i*4, Kkko Cr£kk, p. o., Kandolph county, X'O.tr.: 73 m, W. Kaloigh. llKK wKi-Ko, pk o., S,awfc CO., irkV. : oa E. l>ank of Baraboo r.. 4^ m. N. W*. Madis\^n. KrKivtKVRO, p. v.^WajTioc^v, (>**»».* ou E. si^Ic of Muddy f^vk of Walhondins; r.. Ti in. N. K. by X. Cv^Uirabus. Kkko's CoKNKt;^ jv a> Ontario cvuinty, ,V. K .• 1S6 m. TV. Albany- Kiau>V Ckkkk, p. o., L,nwn>neo co,. *4rh .* on Kcod's cr. of Strawlvrry r., !» m. X. N*. K. Utile Kiwfc. l^KKi'V Fkkry, p. tv. lIilUNw\>* i-vv. A' flirwjv : on E. sido i^Merrtmac r., ^ m. S, by F« Conivrxl. The Cono^nl K. R, (wsst'* this i^laeo 9 m. N. Nashua. A normal s^-h h4 t\'r tho tHluv'»ti»*n of t«\ehers, was eroctt\l hen* in li4?, at an e^- Ivn^'of^VVHX KKKi*\i 1>R».*>-B, p. a. Will county, //.'.; ISS m. N. E. Sprincttcld. RKsn's L-vxi^ratK p. o., "Wabashaw co., JViJtM. TVr, Rkko** Mills, p. o., Viut^Mi c^mnty. OMncsT, jv a, Pauola county, r«w,,* 247 m. N. K, by K. .\nslin Oily. Kk^wvillk. MiAlin ov. iV.iH. ,* on Vr. side of branch of Kishishi*ViH\uil cr. of ,luuiata r.. 46 m. X. VT, Harrisliurir. Kkkotv^ws, ]v a, Semva i\v. <**«>: 77 hl X. Ov^unibus. IvKRin ISuANcn. jv a, Mvv*n* co.. A' 0*r. .• 4S lu. S. W, Kxteish. HEE RES Rki;i)v CiucKK, p. v., Joflorsoii co., Ga. : fi5 in. E. N. E. Wilk'dgcvilli'. 1v1.:ki>y (..'ui!i:k, j). o., Marion disl., X ( '-//•. ; SO iii. K. by N. CuIlllIll'IlL Kkkky Uii'i-Li;, p. o., ^Virt oo., 17/t/. ; 2;J1 in. W. N. W- KlrhiiKinil. IvKiaiYviLi.E, p. o., Wirt county, Virff. : 232 in. W. N. W. IvU'hinonil. Ilici;i,i-unT, p. 0., Obion en., 7eiiv.: M5 in. W. Nnsbvillc. lli'-.Ki.V M ILL, uta., I'liluain oo., Jnrf. : on lliu 'IV-rru llmilLt and Uii-hinond U. li., 4S ni. W. by S. liuiiiumpolis. IIkkm'h Ckkkk, p. o., IJuiK'oinbo co., A'. Car: 'JIO m. W. KalciKh. JiiiKBic's Mill, p. o., Booiio co., I/id.: flO in. N. N. W. IndiaiinpoliH. Ui;koi:m, p. o., Pickens co., Ata.: on ii Hinnll lu'iinch of Litllo TiunliiKbt'o r., l'i:i in. N. W. by W. Mi)rilfcoriRTy. liKi'oitM, sUi., Kllinylumi W)., ^/Vf. .■ on tlio left t*iy Han Anbuiio ;iinl Mission rivcrti and olIuTslrt-'ains, all flowiiij; inlo tin- Gulf on Uic K. 'J'Ik- (iau- dalnpii liirniH il.-* norllicrn boundary. Siirfaoo level, and plcasiinlly divir.sillcd; soil a deep black inoUl, frrlilf and \\vi\ adapted to ci'tlnn and sni;ar. ll ba?* cxi-clliril tindnT l.iiid. hi llic winter the prairies are llu- rew»rl of caiiur of diUcrmt Kinds, and the inhaliitanls deriv(! nuieb pnillt as well us pleasure iVuin Innilini;. Farms '21 ; inanuf. (»; dwelt. r.O, and |ic.p.— wli. 'JGD, fr. col, 0, ak 19— total 'Js8. Oipititl : Itefugio C. H. ItKirc.io, p. v., and cap. Ucfiipio co., 7\\i\: on K. bank of Mis,s|nn r., 141 in. S. by V. Austin City. liiioNiKit's Mii.i.s, p. o., \V:isliiiiL;loii county, Ohio: nn a branch uf Duck creek of the Ohio river, iih in. ]■:. by S. CoUnnbus. llKiioiioTit, p. v., Wilkes CO., G m. S. "W. Richmond. i;KiMii:i:siiUi!o, p. v., Berks co,, Pevn,: ?,ti ni. E. N. V.. Ilarrislmrt;. It contains ii eUurcbcs, several stores, and .^iiO inhabitants. llr.iusm.T.fJ, p. v., Clarion county, /•(>»». ; on n creek of Clarion r., 140 m. W. N. W. llarrisburff. A small v. of pome 'jOD inhabitjiiits. Iron aboinid.s in llie vicinity. J'kihsvili.i:, p. v., and cap. Tatnnll co., (I'lt.: on W. sidi- of Great Ohoopee r., 101 m. S. K. Mille"l;xeville. It cnntains the county huiidin|;H, and is on the line of the i)rnjecfed Savanrndi and Albany Ii. Ii. IlKiiisviLu;, p. v., Albany co., K, Y.: 14 in. W. S. W. Albany. lliJiPSViM.R, p. v., Kockinf;bam county, N'. Car.: TO ni. N. W. by W. Kaleigh. Kkii.v, t. and p. o., Butler CO., Ohio: 09 m. \V. H. "W. (;'oluMd)Us. Drained by branches of Miami r. f^urfai-e nii- cvc-n ; soil fertile, producing an excellent qualily of wheat. Timber almndaiit in the t. and vicinity. Pop. 1,710. lU-.iNDKK.K, p. 0., Nodaway county, Mo.: IS!) ni. N. W. Joffeffton (^ty. KciNKHSitrita. v., Clarion co.^ Penn.: on nn aflluonl of Reil Hank cr.. 140 m. W. N. W. Ilarrihburfj:. The Iraiik. lin Iron-Work.'* are located here, and formerly eniplojed uboul bU hands and produced \,IW tons No. 3 metal. lti:iNiioMmvii,i,K, p. v., Luncaaler county, rcnn. : 80 m, K. H. K. Harrisbur^. I£i;is'n:itrowN, p. v., Halliinore oo., j^fi/. : about 8J in. K. Patap'-co r., H7 m. N. N. W. C*ki co., J/...; 4.*) m. S. Jelferson City. Ui:i.i-'s lli.tiT, p. o., Drew county, Ar/c. : Oil m. S. H. W. Lillleltock. Ui:min<:ton, p. v., Alleghany eo., I'ttni.: Ill m. W. by N. Ilarristiuri;. Kkmsmm, t. and p. o., Oneida co.. A'. )'. ; Sit in. N. W. by W. Altciny. Drained by lilaek r. and branches. Surfaee hilly ; soil ofavera^re fertility. The v. eoiJains ii ehurches, several stores and mills, "0 dwcHinf^s, and 4uil inhidjitants. PojiU- lation of t. 'J.4U7. Kkmck MiLi-s, p. o., La Knyelte co., ]ifi)n inhabiianls. In the vicinity there are abo nuinirous saw and f;risl mills. PicN'vHii.Ai.Kvn.Mc, t. .'lud ji. V.. Albany co., A'. Y. : 24 in. S. W.by W. Allmny. Drained by CaisMIl and Foxes creeks. Surfaee liilly; soil sandy loam, and tremrally fertile. The V. nil Koxes cr. contains 4 churches, an aca".: lOt in. N. W. by N. Miltedueville. The Weslrrn aial Athintic Ii. U. passes tho place, S.'i m. from Atlanta, mul r).') from ChalHiioo(;a. KusKKVAiioN, v., Krio county. A". )'. .' 241 m. \\. by N. Albany. Prsi'.KVK, p. o.. Miami co., TtuL : 70 m. N. Imlianapolis. Pi-sKiivK, p. o., St. Joseph's county, Mich. : 01 m. S. W. Lansing. 715 RES RHO EfisERVE, t., Alleghany county, Penn.: occu])ie8 the land at the cnnflueTicc of Alleghany r., with the Ohio !yni2: N. of Alleghany City. It has consideJ-able manu- factures. Ketrbat, p. 0., Franklin co., Virg.: 14S m. "W". S. "W. Eichmnnd. llEVELEK, p. 0., Scott county, Arfc.: 89 m. W. N. W. Little Ki»L'k. KExiuTitG, v., Essex co., Virg. : 46. m. N. E. Richmond. liEXFOUD Flats, p. o., Snratoga co., iV. Y. : on N. side of the Mohawk r., 15 m. N. N. W. Albany. Eevn'ai.e's Basis, p. o.. Niagara county,^ 5'; on the Erif Canal, 204 ni. W. Albany. Kev.voi.ds county, Jfo. Situate toward tlw S. E., and contains 705 sq. m. Drained by Big Blai:k Water r. and its branches. Surface rolling; soil fertile, and produces in abundance grain, wheat, fruits, tobacco, Indian cnrn. and pniatoes. Tliis is a splendid mining country, and contains many valuable minerals. It coulaitis also fine timber laud. Farms Uo : niaTiuf. — ; dwell. '2!>3, an (or more properly Rhode Island and Providence PIati(atir»ns). although the smallest Slate of the Union, is cnn.siderably larger than many of the sovereignties of Europe, and in point of intelligence and productive powers, f;ir in adviinee of any American community of the same population. It is situated between 41° 22' and 42*^ 0:J' laltludes north, and In-tween 71° 06' and 71° 3S' longitudes west from Greenwich, or 5^ 24' and IP 5(1' i-ast from Wrkshiiigton. Massachusetts bounds it on the north and tiie east, the Atlantic Ocean on the south, and Connecticut on the wcsL About 42 miles long, and in its greatest width 35 miles, it contains a land area of 1.3G0 square miles. The surface of the State is generally hilly and bn)ken, but nowhere does it present any elevation desenMng of the name of mount;iin. Mount Hope, in Bristol, the highest land in tlio State, is only 800 feet above the sea level. In Ilie neighborhood of Narragansett Bay, and on the islands within it, the land is more level, and at most exhibits but slight undulations. The rivers are little more than mill streams, w\ith courses of not more than 50 or (JO miles in lennrlh. and discharging an inconsiderable amount of water ; but as they descend from 200 to 450 feet, and are steady m their supidy of water, they furnish v:duahle powt-r. which is extenj-ivHy apphed to manufacturing purposes. The Pawtucket. the principal rivtr. rises in Massacliusctls, where it has the name ol Biackstone River, ami running south-east into this Slate, falls into Proviiience River, one mile below the city of Providence. There are falls of altout .5u feet descent four miles from its mouth— below the falls it bears the name of the Seekonk River. Providence River is f-irmed by the AVanasquiatucket and Moshasuck. two small streams which unite a short distance above the city of the same name. It falls Into the norihern arm of Narraganselt Bay. any several branches,' and flowing east, enters Providence River, five miles below the city. It abounds with falls, which furnish fine locations for mills and manufacturing eslablishments, Pawcatuck River, formeil by "U'nml nnd Charles rivers, waters the south-western part of the Stale, and falls into Stonington harbor — in the latter part of its course it is ttie boundary between this State and the St:ite of Connecticut. Narragaiiselt Bay, a flue body of water, divides the State into two unequal proportions. It extends more than 30 miles inland, and is about 15 miles wide at its soulhrrn part, but a considerable porliim of this space is occupied by islaii'ls. Il communicates with the ocean between Pctinl -Judith on the west, and Seaconet Point on the east. The north-easiern ann of the bay is called Mount Hope Bay; the norlh-western arm Greenwich Bay, and the northern arm Provires(s. Oak, wiihnit, anl euliiiary vegetables are i)rudueed in great perieclion, and in altundanee. Grain is grown in eonsiideraWIe quaniiiies, in relerenee to the area of the State, hut, on the whole, the lands are better adapted for grazing than for cereal agrieulture. lihode Island is divided into dve counties, the general statistics of which and the capitals of each in ISoii were as follows : C,.-,nt,e8. Dwell. Pnp. l^^^^^l 'J;^;';',[; CnpitMs. 1 C.,uu!,e,. Dw.l!. P..,- J'^ZI r_^""!; (^■I^"^"l8. Providence. V2,76\) . . 87.525 . . '-'.t6J . . SlU . . Pkovipknob Washington 2,891 . . 16,*50 . . 1,308 . . 9j . . Kingston Bristol 1467.. 8,514.. '200 .. 87 .. Bristol Kent 2,625 . . 15,0tiS . . 6S3 . . 90 . . E, Greenwich Newport 2,936 . . 20,007 . . 1,027 . . 63 . . Newport The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above ilate, 22.379 : nf t;imilies, 28,216, and of inhabitants, 147,544; viz., whites 14t,000— maK-s 70.417, and females 7;i,5S3 ; Ir. col. .3,541— nudes l.Od'i. and frniales l.S-il. Of Iho whole population there were, deaf und dt/nih—wh. 61, fr. col. 3— total 61; W///o'— wh. 61, fr. col. 3— total 64; inifinu'— wh, 24S. fr. eol. 4 — total 252 ; and ij/iotlc—wh. 104. iV. col. 3— total 1))7. The numbi-r of fr.ie persona born in the United States was 124,299, the number of foreign birih 23,111, and of birth mdaiown 135. The witive population originated as follows: Me. 763, N. Hamp. 716, Verm. 459, Mass. 11,SS3, Rhode Maud li)2,611, Conn. 3,976, N. V. 2,055. N. Jer. 193. Penn. 447, Del. 50, Md. 365, Dist. of Col. 64, Virg. 191, N. Car. 76, S. Oar. 57, Ga. 6^ Flor. 2a. Ala. 13. Mis^i. 3S, La. 21. Tex. 4, Ark. I), Term. 4, Ky. 19, Oh. 93, Mich. 22, Ind. 11. III. 15, Mo. 13, la. 9, Wise, 6, Calif. 0. Territories 40 : and Wxaforehjn population was composed of persons from — England 4,490, Ireland 15.944, Scoilaud 953. Wales 12. Germany 230. France 80, Spain 14, Portugal 53, Belgium 2, Holland 12, Turkey 1, Italy 25, Austria I, Switzerland 3, UiiH>i:i 1, Heninark 15, Nor- way 25, Sweden 17, Prussia 5, Asia 1, AtVicit 9. British America 1,024, Mexico 7, Central Amt-riea 4, Si>uth Amei'iea 4, We.-^t Intlies 57, Sandwich Islands 3, and otlier countries 52. The following table will bUaw the decennial progress of the population since the first cen:*us of the State, taken by Uio United Stales authority : Cen^m Ye.iia. 1790,... VVlntC! lVr«...is. .... 64,0SJ.... c n\mri Pfrso US, T,.tnl ... C'l.lin.,, .,,, C9,1-2'J,,, .... 77,iKl.,, 83,059.,, ,... 97,199,,, 105,1.30,,. .. .147.654... npcpnn.al Imre.ise, Freo. ....8,469... .Slave, ...953... .,,351... ,.,103,.. ... 4.? T.,lal. .,.4,421,,,, ,,,3,6S5 ,.. 3,717,... Num.Tu-,il. Frr cf ISIO,... .... 78.3U.... .... 79,413.... ... 9:v;'21.,.. ....3.1M9... ....8,.59S... ....3,661... .,, 7,909 11,4 1S80.... ... 17,,, ...3.'>73,,,. ,., 14,140 17,0 1350.... ...I-H.IOO,... ....3,554... ....3.554.,.. ,,, .3S.S24 3.^,0 The general statistics of the wealth, produclions, manufactures, etc., of the State, according to the census of 1350 and other dueumenLs referring to the same period, are as follows : Occupied Lanffs, etc. — Improved lands, 356.437 acres, and unimproved lands, 197.451 acres — valued in the ngjrri'g.Ttc at !^17,u7o.S02. The whole number of farina in operation on the 1st June, IsoO, was 5,335. Value of fanning icnplements and machinery, $497,201. Liri'-iSfocK:. — Horses, 6,163 ; asses and mules. 1 ; milch cows, 23,693; working oxen, 3,139; other cattle, 9;^75 ; slieep, 44,295, and swine, 19,509; in all valued at $1,532,637. In 1340 the stock consisted of 3.'i24 horses ami mules, ;m;.39I neat cattle of all kinds, 90,146 sheep, and 30,659 swine. /*/w/»(fe of Ajii/ixils.—^ynti], 129,692 pounds; butter, 995.670 pounds; cheese, 316,503 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered during the ycjir had bi-en -'f;667.436. The wool returned in 1340 was 133.330 pounds. (Jrdin Cz-o/m.— Wheat, 49 bushels; rye, 26,4ii9 bushels; Indi;in com, .539,202 bu?*hels: oats, 215.2-12 busht-ls; barley, 13,375 bushels; and buckwheat, 1,245 bu^liL-ts. Compared with the crops exhibited in the census of lS4u, the lollnwiug results are obtained; Crops. 1R40, Wheat 3,09S bushels Kye a4.52l '' Indian corn 450,493 " OaLs 171.517 " Barley 66.490 " Buckwheat 2,979 " Other Food 47 pounds; wine. 1,013 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products, $63,994. and of market-garden products, $9'^ .293. Ihnn.'-iiia'h'^ Mrinnfiu'tiires were produced in the year to the value of $26,495. The same class of goods returne.I in the census of 1340 were valued at $51,130. Moniifdctiuvs.—Tolal capital invested in manufactures, $00,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, $00,000,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,OOm— male $000,000, and female $(iO,oii(i ; value of products for the year, $00,000,0110. The number of manufacturing establishments in op(.'ration wiiliin the State on the 1st .lune. 1350. was 1.1 14, distributed among the counties as .shown in the general table. t)f lliis number 153 were cotton factories, 45 woolen Vic- tories, 10 tanneries, and 21 engaged in the mamifacture of iron, namely, '.'ii in the manuraelure of castings and 1 in that of wrought iron. The aggregate capital invested in mnnufadures in l-^4ii amounl-.d to $10,096,136. 717 IS so. 49 bu di ■Is dfcr dec/ 3.019 bu 3,112 S3.7<»4 4;?,71o 47,615 1,734 sh< ctir..' Is, or or or or or or 9^1 2' 1.5 19.7 71.6 41.7 percent .. ..5:>ll * •■! 215.232 i4 lN^75 1.24,5 t?eci deer j^ EHODE ISLAND. In Ihe cotton manufacture the capilni emj)!oyed was $6,675,000; the value of raw material, fuel, etc., consumed, $3.^.579; and Ihe products for the year, 96.925,612 yards of sheeting, and 1,902.9SO poun,9nO; products of tlie year, S.612,400 yards of cloth, 46,000 pounds of yarn, etc., valued at $2,381,825. Wool consumed, 4,ln;V:i70 pouud.'^, and coal, 2,032 tons; hands employed, 1,758 — males 9S7, and females 771 : monthly wjtges j)aid, $32.139— to males $2n,431, and females $11,708. In 184() (here were in the State 45 fulling-mills and 41 woolen factories; capital, $685,350; hands, 961 ; and value of product^! for the year, $842,172. In fiimtericn tho; capital invested amounted to $42,900; vahie of hides and skins used, $40,615; hands employed, 38— at nmonlhlyeost of $8*29; skins tanned, 14,^61, and sides of leather tanned, 21,142, tngwlur valued at $75.o4o. In 1S40 there were in the Slate 27 tanneries; capital $72,000 ; hands employed, 89; products— 1,534 aides of sole leather and 50,660 sides of upper lea! her. Tiie ircm manufaeture is comparatively a small interest on Rhode Island. No manufactnres of pig iron are returned in the census of 1850. In Ihe manufacture of caatlngs the capital invested amounted to $428,800 ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc,, used, $258,267; hands employed, SOO — at average wages $29 63 per month; pig iron used. S.918 tons, and min- eral coal. 4,670 tons; castings made, 8..55S Ions, and other products to the value of $119,500; total v.ilue of products for the year. $72S,705. The capital invested in the mnnufacluro of wi'ougkt iron was $208,001); pig metal used, 3,ii00 tons, and mineral coal consumed, 6,000 tons ; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $111,750 ; hands employed, 320, at wages aver- aging $2G per month; wrought iron made, 2,6.50 tons; v.ilue of entire annual products, $222,400. In 1840 there were 5 furnaces in the State, producing 4,126 tons of cast iron, consuming 227 tuns fuel, and employing 39 men. The capital invested in the manufacture of iron in that year was $22,250. In the manufacture of jmilt and splrituom liquors, the capital invested amounted to $17,000 ; the number of hands employed was 9 ; and the consumption of barley, 12,500 busliels, and of hops, 6 tons; ale, etc., produced, 3.900 barrels. In 1S40, 4 distilleries produced 855,000 gallons of spirits, and 3 breweries 319,600 gallons ale, etc. ; hands, 42 ; and capital invested, $139,006. Among the manufactures of the Slate others than tho.se sperifled above, the most important are those of hardware, machinery, cutlery, etc. There are also considerable investments in the manufacture of jewelry, bats and caps, saddlery, paper, and in the various descriptions of mills. Jntennil Improvemeut''. — Khode Island has several excellent railroads and other Improvements. Tlie principal rail- roads are those connecting it with Boston and Worcester on the one han5 tons In the cod fisheries, and 3S9 tons ill the mackerel fisheries, and 432 tons were navigated by steam. The licensed shipping (under 20 tons) amounted to 099 tons, of which 360 tons were employed in coasting, and .339 tons in the cod fishery. Tt)tal registered, 26.063 tons; enrolled and licensed, 13.721 tons; and licensed, 699— aggregate tonnage, 40,^88 Ions. Owned in Providence district, 16.712 tons; in Bristol, 13.198 tons; and in Newport, 10,578 tons. Fourteen vessels, viz., 5 ships, 5 schooners, 8 sloops, and 1 steamer were built in the Slate during the year, and of these the burden was 3,5S7 tons— built at Bristol, 2,191 tons; ut l*rovidence 1,299 tons; and at Newport, 95 tons. 713 RHODE ISLAND. The statisUcs of Ibe imports and exporls of Ilhode Island from 1T91-1S10 exhibit tlie followinj lm|icirl3. 1792.... ea-'.Ka.. 1793.... 6Hi,4S-2.. 1T94.... 945,699.. 1795 . . . . . . 1,222.917 . . 17<)0.... .. 1,589,872.. 1797.... 975,630 . . 1T9S . . . . 917.S27.. 1799.... . . 1,065,273 . . ISOO .... .. 1,823,945.. ISOl.... .. 1,832,773.. 1S02 .... . . 2.433.3i;3 . . 1803 . . . . . . 1.275,696 . . 1S04 . . . . .. 1,73,5.071.. 1S05 . . . . . . 2,572,049 . . 1SU6 .... .. 2,091,835.. 1S07.... . . 1.667,664 . . ISllS .... 442.034 . . 1RII9 .... .. 1,284.5.32.. ISIO .... .. 1,331,570.. l>,ir. E-xp'-rt3. IMl ... .. $1„571,424. 1812 ... 7.55,137. 1813 ... 236.802 . 1^14 ... 472.434 . 1^15... 601,183. IB16 ... 612.704 . 1817 ... 950,407 . 1818 ... .. 1,027,291 . 1819... .. 1,281,4:;4. 1820 ... .. 1,072,762. 1821 . . . 996,828 . 1822 ... 802,363 . 1S23 ... 933.114. 1824... 872,'<99 . 18S5 . . . 678,467 . 1 ^26 . . . 781 .,540 . 1S27 ... 804.1^7. IvJS ... 722.166. 1829 ... .SOl^.^Bl . 1^30 . . . 278,950 1,1132,969 1,884,144 1,412,953 1,388,336 907.9116 1,185,934 l,241,.s28 1,128.226 423.811 4-88,766 t the foil owing movemcnls : Yenr. Exinnta. Im|.cirt,<. 1831 . . . ... $367.405.... ^'62,161 1832 . . . 634,45:1 .... 057,969 1833 ... 4^.\4sl .... 1,042.'JS6 1--34 . . . 420,885 427.1124 1^35 ... 290,fMt3 697,713 18.36... 22S.420 555.199 1337 . . . 48S.258 5-':i,0lo 1S33 . . . 291.2.57.... G56,i;i3 1839 . . . 1S5.2.54.... 612,0,57 1840 ... 206.989 274,.534 1841... 278,465 .... ,339.592 1812 ... 848.696 823,692 184;3 ... lo.-.,847 .... 1.55.76S 1844 ... 2611.777.... 269,4.37 1845 .. 191.1132.... 274,330 1846 .. 224.364 .... 210,489 1847 . . . 192.:!69.... 30.5.4S9 1^48 .. 221,631.... 351.590 1849 .. 178.1,52.... 237.473 1850 . . 216,265 258,303 Govrnm^nt.—TJniil the year 1S44 the form of p;ovomment was tliat onlainei! by the .incienl roy.il cliiirtor, which wag orijrinally one of the most liberal granted to ttie American colonies. In that year a new cousUIution was l(»rnic-i.i and ratified by liic people. Kvery male citizen of the United States, rpsidetit in the State for the last past year, an.] in the town or city in whifli ho claims to vole, for the six months next preeeilintj an ili'clion, and ownin;j; rea.! estate in sui:h town or ciiy worth :*-l;U above all incumbrances, or of the clear yearly value of $", may vote for all civil "jfficers, and on all (|iu'sUi>iis in nil iciral town or ward meetings, or if the estate lie without such town or city, but within the State, he may volt; for all piicnil officers an«l mendiers of the General Assembly iii the town or city of which he is a resident, etc. No Narniijnnsctt Itulian can vote, etc. The general cleelion is held on the first Wednesday in Ai)ril annually. In all elections for Stale oflkers, a majority of TOtes is necessary to a choice. All Ifgidatiee poicei' is vested in the General Assembly, which consists of a Senate and House of Hcjircscntativr^— the former consists of senators, one from each town or city, and the lieuteiiant-ijovernor. The governor iiroiika Ihereiii (insd in his absence the lieutenant-governor), and has a casting vote only. The house consists of members iiol to excecii T'J in nimiber, elected in ratio of population, but every town is entitled to at lea>>t one representative, and not to more than twelve. The ct-nvention of the two houses is styled the Grand Committee, and is presided over by the president of the Senate. There are two sessions of the General Assembly every year, one at Newport, on the first Tuesday of May, and the other at South Kingston, on the last Monday in October, every two years, and the intermediate years alternately at Dristol and Kast Greenwich, and this session adjourns every year to Providence. The f.revntii-f'. authoritij is vested in a governor. If no governor be chosen by the people, the Grand Committee elects one of the two popular candidates having the highest nund)er of votes, and so in respect of the election of tin- lieutenant- governor. The governor has not the usual veto on the ads of the legislature, nor may he grant pardons, but e\ecpt in ca'^es of impeachment he has power to grant reprieves. If the office of governor be vacant, the lieutenant-governor, and alter him the president of the Sen.ite pro tempore, acts as governor. Erenj elector is qualiji^d to liohl the office for trhick he mtn/ he qnalijied to vote. Ju'licitd powers reside in a Supreme Court and Courts of Common i'leas. The Supreme Conrt consisU of a chief and three associate judges, who are appointed by the Grand Committee, and liold office until they are removed by a reso- lution of two-thirds of both houses. On this court alone may chancery powers be conferred. The Coiirty of Common Pleas, formerly held by a judge of the Supreme Court and two associate juslices, elected for each ct)unty, are now held by a Supreme Court judge sitting alone — the associate justices of that court dividing the duty among themselves. 'T\u\/inaucial st were general officers, 16 general staff officers, 30 field officers, etc., and 19 company olli-'crs. The governor is e;n ojfirio connnandiT-in- ehief, anr schools, .$95,-291 16, anil for school- hnusra, *19,ll70 SI. In June, 1?61, Ihc school laws were revised and consolidated, and in many resi)ects much improved Academies, grammar, and other private schools, are numerous. The chief collegiate institution of the .state is Urown University Oiaptist). at Provi.lence, founded 1704. It is or.e of the most respc-table and flourishin" instituti..ns of the State. In ISoi) it had 1(1 professors, 195 students, anil 1,765 alumni, of which number 460 were in the ministry. It has valuable libraries of 31,000 volumes, a museum, cabinet, philosopldcal apparatus, etc. It Wiis oriKiually located in'warren but in 17711 was removed to Proviilencc. The number of adults in the State who can not read and write is 8,744. ' 2 scien- -Jieport PuUk: I.ihravies.—6 social libraries— 25,104 volumes: 1 college— 24,000 volumes ; 2 students— 7,6i 10 volumes tific and liistorical— 3,000 volumes ; .'io public school— 19,037 volumes. Total— 45 libraries, and 79,341 volumes. J'erimlk-ul Press— ^^K whole number of periodicals published in the State, in 1S50, was 19, of which 8 advocated " whig" principles, and 4 those of the democratic party. Seven were neutral in politics, or devoted to liler.iture. religion etc., including those the character of which has not been ascertained. Of the whole immber, 5 were Issued daily, circu- lating at each issue 9,750 copies, or .3,032.250 copies animally ; 2 semi-weekly, ein-ulating 2.000 copies, or 208,000 annually • 12 weekly, circulating 14,225 copies, or 739,700 annually. Total copies at each issue, 25,975. or 3.979,950 copies annually! ThepapiTS as published in the counties are— Bristol, 2 weekly ; Kent, 1 weekly; Newport, 2 daily and 3 weekly; and Providence, 3 daily, 2 semi-weekly, and C weekly. The dailies are puhlishod in the cities of Newport and Providence. I.'eligious Oeuuminatioas,— The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State were, for the year 1850 as follows : Deiiomina- No nf ClmHi Val.i. of Dennmina- No. or Cli.irrh TaUie of tiiina. Ciiunlies. anuin. l-r.'f^ny. lioiis. Clturtlx^a. aicom. Prnpertj. Baptist 100.. 40.131.. $366,3: !0 Germn Eef. — .. — . .$ - Christian.., 7.. 2.500.. 24,300 Jewish 1 .. 800 . 1,000 Congregat'l. 21.. 11,703. . 178,550 Lutheran... Dutch lief.. — .. — .. — Mennonite. Episcop.aI.. 26.. 11,606.. 243,500 Methodist. . 23 .. O.-TIO . 102,900 Free J.. 611.. 5,000 Moravian.. — — — Friends.... IS.. 6,370.. 57,800 Presbyter'n. — .. — . — Demmina- No; of Churcli Value nf tmns. Cliuickes. acitun. Properly. R. Calhn!ic., 7 .. 7,800 .. $72,500 Swcilenb'g .. 2 .. 325 . . 4,400 Tunker — .. — .. — Union. 4 .. 2,4.'i() .. 5.000 Unitarian... 4 .. 2.050 .. 127,000 Universalist. 4 .. 2,2;iO .. 55,000 Minor Sects. 2 .. 950 .. 4,650 —in aU 221 churches, accommodating 9S,T3G persons, and vnhioil at $1,252,000. The Stale forms the Protestant Episcopal dioecsii of Rhode Island, and constitutes a portion of the Roman Catholic diocese of Hartfnrd. Pauperiftni and CH)ii^.—T\\g wliole number of paupers relieved or supported from the public funds for the year ending SOth June. 1*^50. was 2,56i). of which 1,115 were native and 1,-145 foreign bom ; and the whole number on the rolls at the date specified was G9C — 192 natives and '204 foreigners. Total cost of support, $45,S37. The State Prison is located at Providence. The whole number of convii-ts in confinement on the 30lh September, 1S49, was 2S — 27 males and 1 female ; C'lmmitted during the next year, 1^ ; di.scharged — l,iy expiration of sentence 3, and by the General Assembly 11 — leaving in prison, at Ww end of the official year. 1^50,37 prisoners, all males. The convicts are chiefly employed in shoeniaking. Income of prison. $3,964 56. and expentliture, $9,427 43. The number of persons in Providence jad, confined at the suit of the State, was Gfi. and are employed principally in the manufacture of cabinet-ware. Ili-itorical Skftch. — Roger 'U'illiams was the first white settler within the present limits of Rhode Island. Expelled from Massachusetls for maintaining opinions for which the minds of men were not yet prepared, he sought refuge in the wildt-rness. and aHer habiting with the Indians for many weeks, he descended the Pawtut-kct River, and turning round Fox Point, slaked his thirst at a spring on tlie bank, and afterwarii erected his habitation near by. In grateful acknowl- edgment of "God's merciful providence to him in Ills liistress," he called tiie place Providence. lie found the land on which be had seated himself within the territory of the Narragausett Indians, and in 1G36 he pur- chased it of ihi'ir chiefs. Many soon settled around him. It was one of the charges against him in Massachusetts that he had avowed the doctrine that "to punish a man for matter of conscience is persecution." In his exile he adhered to that doclrinc; he welcomed all that came, and the jiatriarch of tlie settlement would allow no interference with religious opinions. The charter of Maryland was the first to secure liberty of conscience to all Christian sects— the charily of Roger Williams embraced Jews. Mohammedans, and all the headien. His benevolence was not confined to his civilized breth- ren ; he labored to enlighten, improve, and conciliate the savages, lie learned their language, traveled among them, and gnined the entire confidence of the chiefs. He had often the happiness, by his influence over them, of saving from injury the colony that had proclaimed him an outlaw and driven him into tiie wilderness. In 1633, two years after the expulsion of Williams, William Coddington and seventeen others, being persecuted fi^r re- ligious heresies in Massachusetts, followed him to Providence. By his advice they purchased from the Indians the island of Aquetnec, now called Rhode Island, and removed thither. Coddington was chosen their chief magistrate. Pursuing the same liberal policy which distinguished the settlers at Providence, numerous emigrants from the neighboring colonies were attracted to the settlement. When the New England colonies, in 1G43, formed their memorable confederacy, Rhode Island applied to be admitted a meiiibcr. Plymouth asaertini; that the settlement was within lier limit.-*, it was deci'ied by the commissioners that by submitting to the jurisdiction of that colony she would be entitleil to all the advantiiges of the Union. These conditions were rejected, and Rhode Island continued in separate independence. In this ye.ir Williams wius sent to England us agent for the two settlements, and the next year obtained a patent from the Parliament, by which llie towns of Provi- dence, Newport, and Portsmouth were incorporated, with the power of governing themselves. In 1647 all the freemen met at Portsmouth, enacted a code of laws, and cstablislied a civil irovernment. An Assembly was constituted, to consist of six representatives from each town; and the executive and cliief judicial power w.is vested in a president and four assistants. Town courts were established for small causes, with an appeal to the president an.'d that no person should be molested or called to account for any dilTerence in tiiatlera of religion. F(jr the goveninient of Ihe colony it vested the supreme power in an Assembly, to consist of a governor or deputy governor, ten assistants, and representatives from the several towns, all to be chosen by the freeuien. The benevolent policy of "Williams secured to the colony an almost lolal exemption from Indian hostilities ; he continued to reside at Providence, ever active in the service of the people, sometimefi Iheir president, and at others as assisLint or representative, until the period of his death, in 16S3. In his Urclime he was beloved of his people, and in his death his memory is held sacred as tlie founder of a prosperous State. AVhen Sir Edmund Andros was made governor of New England in 1685, he dissolved the charter govemnient of the colony, and appointed a council to do his l)idding; after be was deposed and sent to England, the freemen met at New- port and re-eslablished the ancient order of things. All tlie officers who three years befure had been ilisplaced. were reinstated, and all accepted but Walter Clarke, who had been re-elected president. la his stead the Assembly appointed Henry Bull, a Quaker, the only one living who came with Coddinglon in IGSS. From this period to the commetieement of the American Ilevdlution, the history of PJiode Island is barren of events. Fortunate in living under a well-regulated government, and possrssing great advantages in couinieree, tlit- inhabitants, if they played no distinguished part in the drama of life, were prospeixuts and happy. AVi^ find it reeurded that in 1730 the population was about 18,000, and that in 1740 it was 35.0t)0. In the last-meulioned year three hvunlred men were Voted for an expedition into Canada, projected by the British government "When the Stamp Act was attempted to he imposed, Rhode Island was as hostile to the purpose as any other colony ; delegates were sent to the Continental Congress in 1765, and a general association was entered into against the use of stamps. The subsequent proceedings of the British were resisted with equal cmistancy. In 1774, when the British pre- vented the exportation of mililary stores from England, Rhode Island seized llie cannon in the i)ublic liatleries, and the Assembly passed resolutions fur arming the people. Every action on the part of this province was on the popular side, and from her exposed situation she was made to feel the hate of the common enemy. In December, 1776, Clinton and Parker, with strong forces, sailere that date efforts had been made to obtain from the General Assembly permission to form a new and more perfect frame of government, but without effect. In the spring of 1^40 an association was formed, the ol'ject of which was lo secure the right of suffrage to every adult white male citizen of the United Stales resident in Ihe Slate ; and in 1841 this association lO(»k the re^ponsihilily of calling a convention to form a Slate constitution in accordance with their peculiar views. Such convention was held, and such constitution formed and submitted to the people, but on account of the informality under which it was prepared, only a portion of the people recognized or voted on the (iiiestioii. Those ■who did vote being in its fa\or, a majority was declared, and the inslrurnent acknowledged by its iiarlisans us the su- preme law of the land. The legal government, however, refused to recognize it, and in the mean time iiad taken tneasures for the calling of a convention f»»r a similar purpose; and by this convention another constitution was prepared and adopted by two-thirds of Ihe inliabiianLs. Two separate forms of government were uow recognized by two different portions of the people. The Suffrage Party— .is the illegal parly called themselves— proceeded to elect Iheir governor and public officers, aniUil : Eichland City. EicnLAND, p. 0., Jefferson Co., Arlt. : on S. bank of Ar- kansas r., 46 m. S. E. by S. Little Eock, EicnLAND, p, V,, Stewart county, Ga.: 114 miles S, W. Milled geville, EiouLATO, p, v„ Sangamon Co., Ill : on the N, side of Prairie cr., 10 m, W, N, W, Springfield, EicnLAND, p, v,, Eush county, Iiul. : 43 m, S, E, by 8. Indianapolis, • EiciiLA!»D, p. v., Keokuk co., la. : 40 m. S. W. by 8. Iowa City. Pop. 239. EicuLAKD, p. v.. Holmes county, Mi-n. : 49 m. N. by E. Jackson. Drained by a creek of Big Black river. Eichland, t. and p. o., K.alamazoo county, Mieh. : 60 m. S. W. by W. Lansing. Drained by creeks of Kalam.azoo r, and Gull lake, on the N, E. comer. Surface level prairie. Pop. 795. EiciiLAKD, p. T., Greene co., Mo. : 104 m, 8, W, by 8, Jefferson City, EicnLAND, t, p, T,, and cap, Oswego co., K Y. : 140 m, W. N. W. Albany. Drained by Salmon r. and other small streams, flowing into Lake Erie. Surface diversified ; soil moist clay loam. The county buildings are in the v. of Pulaski. The manufactures of the t. are considerable, and its trade flourishing. Pop. 4.079. The Watertown and Eome E. E. p-asses through it, 42 in, fVom Eome. RIC EIC FaciiLAND, stru, Logan co., Ohio : on Mad Kiver and Lake Erie E. R., 51 m. N. W. Columbus, 92 m. from Sandusky, 66 m. from Dayton. EicHLASD, t, Allen co., Ohio: 73 m. N. V!^. Columbus. Drained by creeks of Blauchard's Fork. Surface elevated and rolling; soil rich and fertile. It occupies the N. E. comer of the co. Pop. 990. KicHLANP, t, Belmont co., Ohio: 12 ni. W. "^Vheeling, 103 m. E. CoIunibu3. Draini.-d by M'Mahon's and oilier creeks. It is a fine fiirmiiig t., and contains St. Clairsville, the county seat of justicL>. It is crossed by the railroad from Wheeling westward. Pop. 4,366. Richland, t., Clintou co., Ohio: 4S m. S. W. Columbus. Drained by P.attlesnake, Todd's, and other creeks. Surface undulating, and soil rich and fertile. The Cincinnati and Zanesville 11. K. crosses its S. part. Salem and Claysville are villages on the "Washington and 'Wilmingtou turnpike. Pop. 1,075. EicHLANn, t, Darke co., Ohio : S4 m. "W. Columbus. Drained by Stillwater creek and its tributaries. Surface undulating; soil rich and fertile. The Jlellefontaine and Indiana E. R. crosses it east and west. • Pop. 798. rarni.AND,!., Defiance co., Ohio: 149 ni. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Maumee r.. which runs through it. Surface l©w and level ; soil fertile. Pop. 702. The Wabash and Erie Canal, and the Sandusky and Fort "Wayne R. R. pass through the town. Rn:uLA5.'i>, t., Fairfield co., Oliio : 33 m. E. S. E. Columbus. Drained by Rush cr. Surface elevated and undulating, and soil very productive. The Cincinnati, Zanesville, and "Wheeling R. E. crosses it in a N. E. and S. "W. direction. Pop. 1,777. Rnitt.Axn, t., Holmes co., Ohio: 53 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Killbuok er. and Walhonding r. Surface undulating; soil rich and productive. Pop. 1,349. RiruLAXD, t., Vinton oo., Ohio : 54 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Drained by a branch of Raccoon er., and also a creek of the Scioto. The land is undulatiug and fertile. Pop. 1,193. Richland, t., "Wyandott co., Ohio : G6 m. N. W. Columbus. Drained Iiy creeks of Blancharil's fork of the Maumee. Surface undulating; soil rich and fL-rlile. The Mad River and Lake Erie R. R. passes through it in aN. E. and S. W. direction. Pop. 599. RiruLAyD, p. v., Richland county, Ohio: 5S m. N. N. E. Columbus. Richland, p. v., Giles co., Te7in. : on branch of Elk r., a Iriliutary of the Tennessee, 55 m. S. Nashville. EicuLAND, p. 0., Tazewell co., Virg.: 240 m. W. by S. Eiehmond. Riri!LA>T> creek, ^ r^% ; rises in the interior of Madison CO., flows "W., and enters White r. in Washington county. Rir-uL.ufD City, p. v., and cap. Richlaud co., Wise, : on Pine r., 53 ra. W. N. W. Madison. Richland Crossings, p. o., Navarro co., Tex.: 134 m. N. N. E. Austin City. RicirLAND Grove, p. o., Mercer eo., lU. : 113 m. N. N. W. Springfield. RiCHLANDS, p. o., Onslow county, K. Car. : S4 m. S. E. Ealeigh. RirnLAN-DTOTTN, p. v.,.Bucli3 CO., Penn. : 75 m. E. by N. Harrisburg. EicnMoKD county, Ga, Situate E., and contains 813 sq. m. Drained by branches of Savannah river, which runs on its N. E. border, and of Brier creek, which forms its S. W. boundary. Su.-face hilly ; soil fertile, and is in general a, fine deep mold, well adapted to the growth of cotton, ■wheat, and corn. Of fruit-trees, apjile. pear, peach, plum, etc.. grow well, and produce largely. Piue and other tim- ber is found on the land. Farms 27'2 ; manuf. 56 ; dwell. 1,556, and pop.— wh. S.152.fr. col. 2S2,sl. 7,S12— U)lal 16,246. C('/)/^<'^; Augusta. Puhlic Works: GeorgiaR.R.; Augusta and Waynesboro' R. R., etc. Eicn.MOND euunty, -V. 5'. Situate 9., and includes Statrn Island. It contains 63 sq. m., and is divided into 4 town- ships. Surface hilly and broken ; soil in general sterile, but there is much good land. Chief products wheat and Indian corn. On the coast are some valuable fisheries. It contains some bebacco there are 35 to 40 factories, and 10 or 12 stemmeries, together employing about 2,500 blacks, and manufacturing 12 to 15,000 hhds. annually. Besides smaller mills, here are two of the most extensive flouring-mills in the world, " Gallego" and " Haxall," each running 20 or more pairs of stones, and capable of producing 800 to 900 bbls. of flour daily. There are 3 iron rolling-mills, foundries of cannon, etc., and an extensive nail factory on Belle isle, producing 75,000 lbs. of nails weekly. Four cotton mills work up nearly 3,000,000 lbs. of cotton per annum, and a woolen mill 600,000 lbs. of wool annually. Besides these, are large machine-shops, a paper-mill, etc. There are three banks, w ith aggregate capital of $2,114,000, 3 insurance companies, and 3 savings banks. Four lines of railroad here connect, Tiz., Eichmond, Frederick, and Potomac E. E., commencing at Aquia creek on the Potomac, 75 m. long ; Eichmond and Petersburg E. E., 22 m. lung ; the Central E. E. to Covington, and Dan- ville E. E. completed to Keeseville, 73 m. The James Eiver Canal, completed in 1S35 to Lynchburg, 146 ro., and in 1852 to Balcony Falls, is the principal channel of trade with the interior. The following statement exhibits the amcunt of tonnage, and its estimated value, imported into Eichmond on the James Eiver and Kanawha Canal, during each of the 5 years 18^18-52, with its freight and tolls: Year ending No. of Kslimated Freislits Oct. ai. Tons. Yatue. aud tolls. 184S.... 125,054... $4,230,532 18... $192,750 33 1S49. . . .140,6^6. . . 5,435,046 66. . . , 247,861 OS 1850. . . .187,539. . . 6,123,865 49. . . 218,741 4T 1851.... 140.924... 5,133,553 62... 134,839 83 1852 .... 153,377 . . . 7,145,337 43 . . . 220,947 34 Total (1843-52) 697,640 $28,069,135 33 $1,060,140 65 The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with its value and freightage, imported into Eichmond, on the Eichmond and Petersburg E. E., during each of the 5 years 1848-52. '^Sei'^rjli"^ Tonnnge. Eslimated vnhie. Frei-lit 1S43.... 20,3i)l... $632,557 99... $18,361 62 1849.... 19.539... 695.712 40... 18.159 71 1850.... 22.S61... 1,377,665 45... 21,560 S3 1S51.... 19.5^13... aS6,412 40... 18,314 12 1352.... 27.932... 1,262.248 85... 24,752 89 Total (1S4S-52) 110,166 $4,854,627 09 $101,149 IS The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with its estimated value, and the freights and tolls on the same, RIG RID iniptirted into r.icliraon.l during lS5i, hy ll.u varioua wf,rk3 ofiuttrnal improvement leading into tbe city: NRmea ofCiimpaiii-^s, James Eiver, and / Kanawha co. j" " K., Fredericlisbura:, l androtoniacK.I;. ( " Eiehmond and Pe- / tersburg E. I;. ) ' ' P.ichiii<,n(lan.lDan- { Tille K, U. ) • ■ 1 of Estimiited 13.3,377.. $-,145,Sar 43.. 2*5,000 no.. I,2C2,2JS So.. 907,330 00. . 1,000,000 00.. •i.sor. 27,932. 63,421. .111.1 lulls. •$220,947 Si 19,2.52 03 24,752 S9 37,919 45 55,989 20 Virginia Central E. K. . ]7,4.5o J^*''' -'5(;,9.>7 *10,(i(;o,422 2S JSSS.SoiH 1 lie foreign exi.ort trade is cliieBy in tobacco to all parts or Europe 6„ur and grain oeeasionally, and in flou"t Braz 1 ri,e nnport trade direct from Europe, or other S'lvm^;'™ '"'•™-'"^''"^. "-in. gradLly dhni^: ■»!>« w,lh the mereased facilities of New York, by her regtdar packets and steamers to Europe. The channel of ho r. ,s w.nding, which, with the .listatice from the ocean .s a eonsiderahle in,pe,lin,e„t to navigation. VeJ',; dr"": .ng more than 10 or U feet water are prevented f"om eonnng up to the city hy the bar, 7 m. below it, and u" tad at coy Point, Bermuda Hundred, or Por Wait al «45s.'r T,'''"' "■" ""■■" '™''"'^' "'• «■ "■»'*'-!; K,4oS ons. The registered tonn.nge wa3 S.llil tons, of which ^l^roll T Tr P""""""- ^"'1 1 .Sra tons temporary. The .rolled and licensed tonnage was 5,297 tons, consisting o 4.-.0 tons permanent, and 1,021 tonslemporarv, all of which ^■ere employed in the coasting trade. Dunn- the a v^as l,J--24,8Jl tons; no. of entrances do., 8-l,,sn tons Yessels^budt during the year, 8 (1 ship.V schooL::)- The inspections of tobacco n,r several years are .as follows- rc.wj. Hlids. Years. Hli.t, Ye-ir. HI H. v . ' 1S41. . .1S,.,07 I 1.544. . .19,147 | l.i 7. . loVos I V^o I'S 1*«. . .22,,S29 I 1340. . .19,572 | 1S49. . .18,8,13 | 1853. . 24 119 ro«ne,l l^rom other inspections in the interior. .velrs" ' '■■*"'''' "'" "■"l'^'^'™^ of flour "f late Ve.irs. BI,I,. I y,.,„. PI I It^' 6M.O00 ,8« 1,0,000 ;;"• 3^400 ^^^ 159,100 1 1^9 270,900 I 1.851 _ ot s::;,i:^l;;!:?j '" t^ ^' •" ^'p""™*- or inspections nnrkefTL ^■'■"^'''"'^- »"'l ''^o"S''t to the Ri hmond market. The quanlity of flour e.vported to Brazil for the =iii: =:*«!■:---- York, Ball.more, etc. The amount of other forei^ ^, n Dients of flour in 1^51 wns 1'm;jc 1 1 1 , ""^ """P- 1S.52 to 1S,!22 bal^els ' ' '''°'' '""""^'^'l " tI^U^k, "■■■""" '" '^°"^'''''"'*.™J steadily increasiny W. Hartford. Drained by Saugaluck and Nor- way rivers, which aiTord water-power, and an E. branch of Croton r. Surface elevated ; soil a fertile gravelly loam. The V in the 8.. is situate on one long street, and contains several churches, an academy, several factories, workshops, stores, etc., and about SO dwellings. The view from this t. is extensive and beautiful-Loug Island Sound, 14 m. dis- tant, being seen to advantage. Pop. of t. 2,33i. EmoE Geove, P.O., Macon county, ^to. : « mdes E. Montgomery. . 5.1 m "N EtDGE Hall, p. 0., Baltimore county, Ml. 83 m. JS. Annapolis. w to- ErooELAND, p. o., Uenry county, Ohio: 107 m. N. TV. Columbus. .rp. EiDGELET, p. 0., Madison county, III: 61 m. b. by «. Springfield. ^ ,^, ,, EiBGELET, p. o., Platte CO., Mo. : on E. side of Platte r., 160 m. W. N. W. Jcfl'erson City. EiDGELT, Macon Co., Ala.: 40 m. E. Montgomery. EiDOE Post, p. 0., Davidson CO., 7V™. EmoE Prairie, p. o.. Saline co., J/c: on 8. side of Black river, 04 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. EiDGE Spri.no, p. 0., Pitt county, if. Car.; To miles E. Kaleigb. „ .-' __■ EiDGEViLLE, p. 0., Carroll county, Md. : 45 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. , , p ,».„ EtDGEviLLE, p. v.. Warren CO., Ohio: on a branch of the Miami r., 06 m. W. S. "W. Columbus. EiDGEviLLE, p. 0., Cook CO., Ill: 1T6 m. N. E. Springfield. EIDGEVILLE, p. v., Hampshire co., rirg.: 151 m. M. W. by N. Eichmond. EiDGEviLLE, p. o., CoUetou dlst., S. Car. : Columbia. EmoEviLLE, p. v., Eandolph county, Inil Mississinewa r., 64 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. ErooEviLLE C0RSE1.8, p. 0., Henry county, 0!uo: 120 m. N. W. by N. Columbus. .r „ « T? EmGEWAT, t and p. o., Lenawee Co., 3M. : 66 m. S. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by Little Eaisin r. and S. branch of Macon r. Pop. 634. EiDGEWAY, p. o., Muskingum county, Ohio: 51 m. b. Columbus. „,t! „ w EmoEWAT, t. and p. 0., Orleans co., K T.: 245 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Oak Orchard cr. Surface ele- vated, but level ; soil fertile. There are numerous factories and mills in the t, and the Erie Canal and the Eochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls E. E. pass through its S. part. Fop. 4,591. EmGEWAT, p. T. and sta., Warren Co., 2V. Car. : 49 m. N. N. E. Ealeigh, on Gaston and Ealeigh E. E., 6S m. from Ealeigh, 29 m. from Gaston. EmOEWAT, t., p. o.. .and cap. Elk county, re„n. : 123 m. N W Harrisburg. Drained by Clarion r. and its branches. Surface uneven; soU of average fertility. Farming is the principal occupation. The v. on Clarion r. is a eonsiderabU; place and has several manufactures. The "Elk County Advocate" is published here. Pop. of t. 800 EmoEWAT, p. V. and sta., Fairficl.l dist., & Car: on the ■ Charlotte and South CaroUna P.. E., 22 mUes N. by E. Columbia. „^ ttt 1 a E.DGEWAT, t and p. y., Iowa CO., Wise. : 80 m. VT. by S. Madison. Pop. of t. 704. EiDGEwooD, p. o., Fauflcld district, & Car.: 2o m. N. Columbia. „ . , p „ EinoTi's. p. 0., Stephenson co., TU. : on E. side of small branch of Peeatonica r., 171 m. N. Springfield. E1KGEL8YILLE, p. 0., Bucks CO., Pem.: 89 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. 726 75 m! S. S. E. : on N. side of EiEXii, p. v., Tishemingo co.. Miss. : 194 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. ^ EiFLE river, ilidi. : rises in 8. part of Oscoda co., flows S. through Ogemaw co., and S. E. through Arenac co., mto Saginaw bay. _ v- xr w EiFLE Point, p. 0., Concordia par., £a. : i2 m. JN. JX. n . Baton Eougc. ^ , „ 1 iv.„„i. EiGA, t., Monroe co., A^. T. : 212 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Black creek. Surface undulating; soil fertile. The Buffalo and Eochester E. E. passes through it, on which is Churchville. Pop. of t 2,159. c, ,, 1 a EiGA, t. and p. o., Lenawee CO., Mich. : 78 ni. S. E. by ». Lansing. Bounded on the 8. by Ohio State line. The Erio and Kalamazoo E. E. passes through the t., having a station at Knight's, 13 m. (torn Adrian, 20 m. from Toledo. Popu- lation of L 20s. , , „ . EiGA, p. o., Lucas county, Ohio: on E. side of Ottawa r., 123 m. N. N. W. Columbus. EiGG-s Cross Koabs, p. 0., Williamson co., Tenn. : 24 m. ^' T.^zTvX Vigo CO., Ind. : 64 m. W. S. W. Indmnapolis. EiLEY, p. 0., M-Uenry county, III : 1S9 m. :S. I<. E. ^'euSt^lle, p. v., Wa5-ne county, Penn.: 122 m. N. E. Harrisburg. .nr w ve Eimeksbitrg, p. 0., aarion co., Penn. : 146 m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. E1M.GE. t. and p. v., Cheshire county, K JTamp. : 44 m. S W by S Concord. Drained by the outlets of a number of ponds which flow into Miller's r. of the Connecticut, and into the Merrimac r., affording extensive water-power. The principal ponds are called Manomonack, Emerson, Peslcy, Lon.-, Grassy, and BuUet. These ponds abound in excel- lent'fish, and they were formerly much frequented by the Indians for procuring fur, etc. The soil is fertile, the land for the most part inclining to the S. Iron ore is ound here as also a species of paint resembling Spanish brown, and nearly equal to it in quaUty. Eindge, formerly called E0WI.EV Canada, or Monadnock No. 1, was incorporated in 176S, when it received its present name. It has some light manufactures. The T. is located in S. part of the town. Poo. of 1. 1,274. , .^ .^ A EiNGGOLD county, la. Sitoate S. toward the W, and contains 620 sq. m. Drained by head branches of One Hundred and Two r., and branch of Elkhorn r. Surface generally level; soil fertUe. Set off since 1850. E.NGG0LD, p. 0., Co.,k county, lU.: 170 m. N. N. E. Springfield. www EINGGOLD, p. 0., Jefferson Co., Penn. : 12b m. W. N. \v . Harrisburg. ro .r, p hv S EiNGGOLD, p. 0., Morgan county, Ohio: CS m. E. by b. "gL, p. v.. and sta., Walker CO., Ga..- on Western and Atlantic E. E., 116 m. from Atlanta, and 24 m. Irom Chattanooga, and 179 m. N. W. MiUedgeville. EiNGGOLU, p. o., Cherokee co., Ala.: 1.38 m. N. N. E. Montgomery. ._. EiNGGOLD, p. o.,Washington co., Md. : To m. N.W. by W. Annapolis. xt irr EiNGGOLD, p. 0., BienviUe parish, La.: 1,4 m. N. W. Baton Eouge. m -vr w EiNGGOLD, p. c, Platte county, Mo.: 157 m. W. N. W. .Jefferson City. ,„ v w EiNGGOLD, p. o., Montgomery county, rmn. ; 43 m. N.W. Nashville. Tt- c ATT EiNGGOLD, p. o., Pittsylvania CO., Virff. : 120 m. W. b.W Eichmond. EiNGGOLD, p. 0., La Grange county, Ind. : 126 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. , „ , EiNGoES p. v., Hunterdon co., K Jer.: at foot of Eock Mountain, ']5 m. N. N. W. Trenton. It is a small manu- facturing village, cnl> part inliali- ited by civilizcnl man is that bordering on the Kio Grande-, where are several pueblas. The western part is overriui by thcMavajos, Pali-Utah, and other Indian tribes, and drained by the Colorado and its ti'ilmtaries. Farms 164; manuf. — ; dwell. 1,6S4, and pop.— wh. 7,741), fr. cul. 2— total 7,751. CupiUii : Cuchillo. llio GRAJiDE, p. 0., Gallia county, Ohio: 90 m. S. S. E. Columbus. Itio Grande river. See New MESiro. llio Gkaj^de Cfty, p. v., and cap. Starr county, Ttw. ; on £. bank of Eio Grande, opposite the ccntlnt-nce of Kio San Juan, 94 m.W. N.W. Matamoras, anil -276 m. S. W. by S. Austin City. RinggoM Barracks, located here, is a United Slates military post. The city is surrounded by a good agri- cullural country, and is a flourishing place. Steamboats jiiy here regularly from Matamoras and other places on the river, EtPi.Ei' county, Ind. Situate S. E., and contains 439 eq. ra. Drainer! by Graham's and Laughery's creeks, trib- uiaries of the Ohio r. Surface in general level, but on the streams part of the land is hilly; soil fertile. Chief pro- ductions, wheat, Indian corn, and sugar. It contains some factories, which have taken advantage of the extensive water-power supplied by the streams. The understratum in the uplands consists chiefly of blue limestone. Farms 1,495; manuf. 49; dwell. 2X67, and pop.— wh. 14,T'J4, fr. col. 96— total 14.S20. Capital: Versailles. PHblicWurk:^: Ohio and Missi-ssippi K. K. ; Lawrenceburg and Upper Mississippi R. K. lUi'LEY county, Mo. Situate S. toward the E., and con- tains 1,0S9 sq. m. Drained by Current r. and its branches, and by branches of Big Blackwater r. Surface hilly ; soil varied. Along Ihe streams the land is fertile and proasse9 through it. It is an e.\eellent farming town, raising wheat and other grains in abundance. l*i)p. of t. &41. Kii'LEY, p. v., and cap. Tippah co., J/m. .* ITS m.N. N. E. Jackson. It contains the eourl-liouse, jail, etc. The "11. AiiveriJser" (dem.) is published weekly. Kii'i.EY p. v., Brown co., ///. ; about 2 m. S. of Crooked creek, a branch of Illinois r., 53 m. W. l>y N. Springtiebi. Rrpi,EY, t. and p. o., Chautauque county, K Y. : 312 m. "W. by S. Albany. Drained by Twenty Mile creek, flowing into Lake Erie. Surface hilly ; soil day loam, nnxed with sand, and feriile. lis principal settlement is tiiiiiicy vidage, through which the Bufl"alo and State Line K. K. pa.-*.se3, 65 ni. from Buffalo, Pop. 1,732. Kii'i.EY. p. v., Brown co., 0/tin: on (thio r., at junction of Ked Oak creek, about 56 m. above Cincinnati, 90 m. S. by W. ('olumbus. This is a very flourishing v., has a number of mills and factories, and 4 churches. The " Kip- ley lice" (whig) is issued weekly. Vo\). 1,7S0. RrpLEY, p. v., and cap. Lauderdale co., Teiiyt. : S. of Cane cr., a branch of Big Ilatchie r., 156 ni. W. by S. Na.Hli- villc. It contains the county buildings, an academy, and about 400 iuhabitants. KiiLEv, v., and cap. Jackson co., Virg.: on a creek of Ohio r., about 30 m. E. Mount Pleasant, and 240 m.W. N.W Richmond. Pop. 22S. Ripley's, p. o., Tyler co., Virg. : on Middle Island cr., 219 m. N. W. by W. Ki<-hmond. liiPLKYViLLE, p. o., llurou couuty, Ohio: 75 m. N. by E. Columbus. KiPToN, t. and p. v., A'Misnn co., Venn.: 27 m. S. W. Moiii])elier. lirained by Middleburg river, whicli affords water-power, and along which is some good land. Surlaco mountainous, and much broken. The village is siluatud on the Koyalton and Ycrgennes turniiike. Pop. of t. 56T. KisDoN, p. v., St. Clair co., ///. .• 119 ra. S. Springfield, 2 m. E. Kaskaskia river, on a small creek of same, afi'ording good water-power. KisDoN, p. o., Seneca county, Ohio: S4 mUea N. N. W. Columbus. KisiNG Faw>'. p. v., Dade co., Gu. : near Georgia State line, 191 m. :^. AV. Mdledgeville. Rising Sun, p. v., and cap. Oliio co., I/kK : on Ohio r., 9 m. below Aurora, and S7 in. S. E. Indianapolis. It is pleasantly located on an elevated bank, surrounded by a fertile coun- try, and is a flourishing business ])Iace. There are cottou and woolen factories doing an extensive business. Since its est;iblisluuent as the county seat it has improved rapidly. It now contains the county buildings, G churches, an acad- emy, printing ufllces, a tannery, etc., and a few factories. Two newspapers are published weekly, "True Whig," and ''Rising Sun Mirror" U'l-) KisixQ Sux, p. o., Cecil CO., Md.: a few m. E. Ocatara r., 53 m. N. N. E. Annajfojis. Rising Srx, p. v., I'liiladelphia co., Pe?ni. : on the Ger- mautown road, 3 m. from Phiiudelpliia, an^l 93 m. E. by S. ilarrisburg. RiSLEY county, f»i. Situate N. centrally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Boone river, a tributary of l.tes Moines r.. and by Skunk r. and branches. Surface undu- lating ; soil fertile. Set off since 1S50. Ritchie county, Vi/'i/. Erected in 1S43 out of Lewis, Harrison, and Wttod. Situate N. "W., and contains 20S sq. m. Drained by the two forks of Hugh's river, a tribu- tary of the Little Kanawha. Surface hiUy and broken ; soil moderately fertile. Farms 3S5; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 649, and pop.— wh. 3,S36, fr. col. 0, st. 16- total 3,902. Capital: Ritchie C. U. Public Work:i : North 'Western R. R. KiTciUE, p. v., and cap. Ritchie county, Virf/. : 225 miles N. W. by W. Richmond. It contains a courl-honse, jail, etc. RiTciiiEviLLE, p. v., Dinwiddie county, Viiy.: 37 m. S. Richmond. KiTTERsviLLE, p. 0., Lehigh CO., Penn.: on N. side of Leliigh r., 79 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. RivEn, p. o., Clarion county, Penn.: 151 m. W. N. TV'. Ilarrisburg. RivEuiiEAD, t, v., and sta., Suffolk co,, N. Y. : boreheco r.. running through, and Isinglass river crossing its S. part, affording excellent mill privileges. Surface uneven, with many swells, the princi- pal of which is Squamanagaunieh hill ; soil deep, rich, and w*on cultivated. It contains a number of valuable farms, chiefly located on the hill. In the W. part of the t. oak of a hard and stony character is ftmnd in abundance. Several villages are in the town, the most noted for ils trade being Korxcaij Plavn.o, the principal thoroughfare from the upper towns in the counties of DrniL-r and 1^ ni. fnmi the hitter i>Iace, ami also with Wiltoti and Great Falls by the Great Falls and C'mway E. E., 6 m. X. Great Falls, and 5 m. S. from Wilton. In both an agricultural and manufacturing point this is a flourishing [ilace. It contains a nuniher of manuraetorica, a bank, etc. Pop. of t. 3.Miifi, KocuKSTER, p. o., Jackson par., La.: US m. N. W. by N, Baton Eougc. RoruESTER, p. city, piirt of entry, and cap. Monroe county, A1 }'. ; is situated on both sides of Genesee r., 7 ni. S. from ils entrance into Lake Oidario; by railroad 2r«2 m. W. of Alljany, and 6S m. E. hy N. from Buffalo. Lat. (Eochester House) -i'-P OS' 17" N. ; long. 77=^ fA' AV. from Greenwich. The city is laid otit with general regularity, having wide and handsome streets, many of which are lined with shade trees. lis site is somewhat uneven in surface. It rests upon a bed of liines^totn', Imt a few feet lielow the surface, and greatly used for buil'ling and other purposes. In summer, at low water in the r., its hed of this linn-stone is exposed, exhibiting for a long distance a solid base of rock. The area occupied hy dwrlliugs is very large for llu^ population, the houses for the most part being separate dwellings. The E. and W. parts of the city are couneeted by Tj bridges. The principal street, called Main Street, nn the K. side, and Buffalo Street, on the W. side, is a very long, bmad, and handsome avenue, passing over the central bridge, and lined wilh the principal stores, hotels, etc. The blocks of stores, and houses generally, are noted for their neat appearance. Brick an. : on Cape Cod Branch of Fall River R. R., 5 m. S. Middleboro' and 37J m. S. by E. Boston. Rock, p. c, Lancaster county, Penn.: 80 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Rook river. Wise, and III. This river has its principal source in a region of lakes and swamps in the vicinity of Fox r. of Green bay; flowing south for some distance, it takes a south-westerly direction till it enters the Mississippi about 3 m. below Rock Island. After traversing some dis- tance in Wisconsin it is joined by the Catfish, a smay stream rising in Dane county, and connecting together the " Four Lakes," the head waters of which have their com- ROC noc mencement in a swamp a few miles south of Fort Win- nebago. It then continues its course S., entering Illinois, where It receives several tributaries, the principal of which are the Green, Turtle, Pecatonica, Sycamore, and Kjto rivers. The navigation is seriously obstructed by what are denominated the Upper and Lower Eapids. The latter at Vandruff's Island, about 3 m. above its mouth, are caused by a formation of calcareous rock three-fourths of a mile in extent, and completely crossing the stream, which is here divided by the island into two channels. Between Ibis point and Prophetstown, a distance of about 5"2 m., is free from any obstruction, having a £;ooil channel, varying in widtli from SCO to 1.00(1 feet, in which there is never less than 4 feet water. The t()tal fall for this distance is 2S S-10 feet, and the velocity of the current about 3 m. per hour. Op- posite Proplu'tstowu are shoals varying from 3 to 4 ft-et at low water. The Upper Kapids, at llarrisburg, extend 1} ni.. the total fall in that distance being S^ feet. From this point to Kockford, a distance of 63 m., the obstructions arc slight, being only 2 or 3 movable sandbars. The bed opposite Eockford is a smooth, soliil rock for 2C0 yarlis. Rock Haven, p. o.. Mead county, Jii/. : 75 ra. W. by S. Frankfort, Rock Hill, p. o., SL Louis county, Mo. : 99 m. E. Jefferson City. 731 ROC ROC Rock Hill, p. o., Marquotte Co., Wise. : 44 m. N. by E. Madison. EncKiiOLD's, p. 0., Whitley county, iy. ; 101 m. S. S. E. Frankro^^ KucKnoLD'8, p. 0., Sullivan ca, Tmn. : 244 m. E. by N. Nashville. KocK House, p. o., Sumner oo., Tenn. : 31 m. N. E. Nashville. Rock norSF,,p.o., Hocking co., OJno:i2m. S.E. Columbus. EocKiiousE pRAiBiE, p. c, Buchanau co., Mo.: 15-4 m. TV. N. W. JefftTson City. RocKiNGnAM county, y ITamp. Situate S. E., and con- tains 812 &q. HL drained by Lamprey and Squamscot rivLTs and Ihoir affluents. Surface generally uneven ; soil fi-Ttile, and generally well cultivated. The face of the coun- try is diversified with numerous lakes or ponds, the princi- pal of which are Great Bay, in the N. E., and Massubesic pond in the W. It has many important manufactures. Farms 3.S11 ; manuf. 9S4 ; dwell. 9,113. and pop.— wh. 50,SG9, fr.col. 117— total 50,9S6. Capitul : Exeter. Public Work^: Eastern R. R. ; Boston and Maine R. R. ; Maiioliester and Lawrence R. R. ; Portsmouth and Concord R. R. ; Ncw- buryport Braneh R. R., etc. Rockingham county, X. Car. Situate N., and contains 412 S(i. ra. Drained by Dan r. and its branches, and head branihes of Haw r. Surface elevated, and in some parts hilly, and well adapted to grazing; soil very fertile, aiid to- bacco is grown considerably, forming one of its staples. Farms 717; manuf. 43; dwell. 1,693, and pop.—wli. SMI, fr. col. 419, si. 5,3->9— total 14,395. Capital: Wentworth, RoCKr>xnAM county, Tirg. Situate centrally, and con- tains 709 sq. m. Drained by Shenandoah r. and its branch- es. Surface broken, and in parts mountainous ; soil vari- ous, adapted to grazing in the uplands — along the streams very fertile. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. Some tobacco is also grown. Farms 1.213; manuf. 167; dwell. 8,047, and pop.— wh. 17,498, fr. col. 465, si. 2,331— t*.tal 20,294. Capntal: Harrisonburg. Rockingham, p. v., and cap. Richmond co., J\' Car.: on Hitchcock's or., SI m. S. "W. Raleigh. It contains a court- house, jail, etc. Rockingham, t. and p. v.. "Windham county, Yeiiii. : is delightfully located on W. side of Connecticut river, 7S m. S. by E. Montpclier. Drained by AVilliam and Sextas rivers, tributaries of the Connecticut r. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. Its agricultural products are large, and it has extensive manufactories. The location of the t. renders it a mart of much interior trade, and h.ns caused the erection of a number of neat and pleasant villages. In the Connecti- cut r., near the S. E. corner of the t, is '' Bellows Falls," around which is an interesting locality of minerals. The rocks are principally gneiss. The river here is compressed into a narrow strait, between steep rocks, and for nearly a quarter of a mile has a rapid flow. A canal, with 9 locks, passes round these falls. A bridge (erected in 17S5) spans the river at this point. Immense water-power is derived from the streams and falls, and used for manufacturing purposes. The manufactures consist of woolen goods, pa- per, leather, flour, lumber, etc. The station is on William's river, and on ihe Rutland and Burlinirton R. R., 114 m. S. E. Burlington; and the Vermnnl ValK-y R. R. passes through the t. The '■ Republic" (whig) is a weekly issue. Pop. of t. 2,857. Rock Island county. III. Situate N. W.. and contains 425 sq. m. Drained by Rock r. and r.iher affluents of the Mississippi, which forms its \V. boundary. Surface undu- lating; si.il fertile, particularly along the Mississippi. Farms 585 ; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 1,246, and pop.— wh. 6,935, fr. col. 2 —total 6.93T. Capital: Rock Island. PuhliG Works: Chicago and Rock Island R. R., etc. Rock island, Rock Island co.. III.: a large island in the Mississippi r., 93 m. below Savannah, and 131 m. N. N". W. Bpringfield. It is S m. long and about li m. wide, with limestone rock for its base. On it stands Fort Armstrong, a strong and neat fortification of the U. States. On two sides the rock is 20 feel perpendicular in height above the river, and forms the foundation of the fort. The S. point of the island is elevated about 40 feet above the level of the river. Rock Islakd, p. o., Auslla county, Tex. : 95 m. E. by S. Austin City. Rock Island, p. o., "Warren county, Tenn. : on S. side of Caney fork of Cumberland r., 71 m. S. S. E. Nashville. Rock Island City, p. v., and cap. Rock Island county, III. : at the junction of Rock river with the Mississippi river, .50 miles below Van Buren, and 131 miles N. N. W. Springfleld. It has been laid out on an extensive plan, is rapidly increasing, and promises to become a place of con- siderable importance. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. The position of the city is one of the best on the Upper Mississippi, and the country surrounding it affords fine agri- cultural facilities, limber, limestone, and coal in abundance, large quantities of which are transported to other points. The " Rnlains a bank ; and the "Rock Gazette" (neuL) is a weekly issue. Pop. of t. 5,052. Rockland Lake. p. o., Rockland co., N". Y.: 103 m. S. Albany. Rockland lake is a body of very pure water, 5 m. in circumference, 200 feet above the level of Hudson river, chiefly valuable for its ice, which is used in supplying the New York market. aoc ROO EocKLAND MiLi^, p. 0., AuguaUi covinly, Virff. : 101 m. "W. N. TV. Richmond. EocK Mills, p. o., Hancock eountv. Gu. : on W. eide of Ogeechee r., 35 m. E. N. E. Mil!eds;eville. EocK Mills, p. o., Andi^rson (list., S. Car.: on W- side of branch of Savannah r.. 103 m. "W. N. W. Cohimbiru KocK Mills, p. o., Randolph counly, Ala.: 37 m, N. E. Monlgomi-ry. KocK Mountain, DeKalb co.. Ga. : a bigii, solitiiry peak, 2,22() feet above the stream which winds around it* base. It is about T m. In circumference. Rock Foist, p. c, Independence co., Ark.: on S. side of Saline cr., 69 m. N. E. by N. Little Eock. EocKPORT, p. o., Hot Springs co.. Ark. : on E. side of Ouachita r., 40 m. 8. W. by "W. Little Hock. EocKPORT, p. o., Pike co., III. : on Ihe Snycartec Slough, 74 m. W. by S. Springfield. EocKPoRT, p. v., and cap. Spencer co., Inrf. : on N. bank of Ohio r., 15 m. below Maxville, 134 m. S. S. "W. Indiaii- ap'jlis. It is located on Eock Lady ^Vasbin;5t'in,a formation of sandstone, which rises in a circular fi-rm to the height of Si) feet above the first bank of the river, presenting a bold front. The position is very commantiing. and tlie surr*^'iind- ing country is exceedingly rich and fertile, prodnt-ing large crops of corn, etc. It contains the county buildings, a tan- nery, ship-\nrd, etc. EorKi'op.T, I. and p. v., Essex co., J/f/.«s. ; comprises all the t-eaward portion of the extremity of Cape Ann, 31 m. N. E. Boston. There are two pleasant villages in the t., Sandy Bay and Pigeon Cove, about 1 ni. ajiart, at both of ■which are artificial harbors for small vessels. Although the t. derives its name from the chararter of its shores and surface, it contains many large tracts of clear laud. At Pigeon Cove are extensive quarries of granite. This t. is of much resort in the summer months. There are some stores and a bank, capital $100,000. Pop. of t. 3,'J55. EocKPORT, t, p. o., and sta. Cuyahoga co., Ohii>: on W. side of Eoeky r., near its entrance into Lake Erie, the N. boundary of the t,, IIC m. N. N. E. Columbus. The Cleve- land, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. E. passes through its S. part. 7 m. from Cleveland. Pop. ],44l. EocKPORT, p. 0., Carbon county, Penn,: 70 miles N. E. Ilarrisburg. EncK Prairie, p. o., Eock county, Wise. : 35 m. S. S. E. Madison. Eock Praikie, p. v., Dade county, Mo.: 116 m. S. W. Jeffi-Tsun City. Eock Quakry, p. o., Pope co., Ill,: on N. side of Ohio r., 174 m. S. S. E. Springfield. EucK EiFT. p. o., Delaware co.. A'. T. Eock Eiver, p. o., Fond du Lac co., Wise. : 62 m. N. E. Madison. Eock Ecn, p. c, Stephenson county, HL: 1T3 miles N. Springfield. Eock Eiuf, p. o,, Harford co., 3[if.: 49 m. N. Annapolis. EocKSBUEG, "Warren county, A'. Jf/-. ; 4ti m. N. ^y. by N. Trenton. EocKSFORD, p. o,, Tuscarawas co., Ohio: S3 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Eock Spring, Walker co., Ga. : on W. side of branch of Chickamauga r., a tributary of Tennessee r., 174 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Eock Spring, Orange co.. X. Car.: 47 m. N. W. Eahigh. Eock Springs, p. o., Cecil county, Md. : 52 m. N. E. Annapolis. Eock Station, sta., Plymouth co., jWa-fs. : on Cape Cod Branrh U. E., 5 m. from Middleboro', 24 m. from Boston. Eock Stream, p. o. and sta., Yates county, A' Y. : on W. bank of Seneca lake, 164 m. W. Albany. The Canandaigua and Klmira E. E. passes through, 40 m, from Canandaigua, and 27 m. from Elmu-a. Eockton. t, and p. v., "Winnebago co.. HL : on Eock river, 1S3 m. N. Springfitld. The t. lies chiefly on the W. side of Eock r., and is also well watered by Pekatonica r. flowing' E. ihrnugh its centre, and by N. Sugar cr., which drains its N. portion and enters the Pekatonica 6 m. above its nioulh- Surface midulaling ; soil rich prairie land, with some limber. The T. i9 on E. si-ie of Rock river. Eocktox, p. V. t:nd sta., Herkimer county. Al Y.: 01 m. "W. N. W. Albany. Formerly called Little Falls. S\:rrace oft. hilly and mountainous? soil sandy and argillaceous loam, waliTed by Mohawk r.. on the S. side of which nms the Erie Canal, and on the N. side tile Ulica ami Schenec- tady E. E. The V. is beautifully situated on both sides of the Mohawk r., and is of some resort for ila romantic scen- ery. The gap through which the r. passes is comparatively narrow, and on both sides the wooded hlMs rise from 950 to 400 feel. Their bases are of sandstone, above which are ex- tensive beds of blue limestone, much used for building pur- poses. The canal here ascends in the si)ace of a mile, by 4 locks, about 40 feet. It is supplied witli water by a feeder carried across the r. bya handsome aqueihict of 3 arches, one of 70 feet, and two of 50 feet span. At one point the brow of a hill projects into the river, by which Ihe canal was constructed, with expensive tliggings and cmbnuknient-*, and by occupying a part of the river bed for the c:nial. The river has here a fall of 42 f.-et in half a mile, am>rdu)g great water-power. Its bed is of granite gneiss, very Ivard, but easily quarried fiir buiMing slon'-s, an-l abounding with quartz crystals. The v. is principally on the N. side of the river, and contains several flouring, plaster, and paper mills, woolen factory, machine shop, several furnaces, and other manufactories; 1 bank, capital .t200,0int, academy, and 5 churches. Two newspapers are issued weekly, "Mohawk Courier" (dem.). and "Herkimer JournaP (whig). The v. is sujiplied wilh water fn>m a spring in the hills, 300 feet above the tops of the houses. Pop. of I. in 1S4'), 3,S.S1 ; in lS5i). 4,S55. Eock Valley, p. o., Marshall co., Virg. : 233 m. N. "W. Eichmond. Rock Valley, p. o., Hampden co., Mass. : 7^ m. W. by S. Boston. EocKviLLE, p. v., "Washington county, li. /.: IS m. "W. Newport. EocKviLLE. p. v., Tolland county, Conyi. : ll miles N. E. Hartford. A flou^i^hing manufacturing v., having several cotton and woolen niilh. RocKviLLE, p. v., Putnam county, G(t. : 15 miles N. Milledgeville. EocKviLLR. p. v.. Will CO., 111. : 1 m. E, of Iroquois river, 127 m. N. E. Sprhigtield. EocKviLi.E, p. v.. and cap. Parke eo., />,(/. ; on W. side of branch of Liitle Raccoon cr.,54 m. AV. Indianapolis. It is on elevated ground, and .surrounded by an extensive tract of rich and beautifully rolling land, comprising some of llie best farms of the State. It was first ectlled in 1S23. aii"l now contains the usual county buihlings, a flourishing counly seminary, female academy, and 6 churches. The "Parke County "Whig" is published weekly. Pop. about 1,200. EocKViLLE. p. v., Delaware co., la. : on E. bauk of branch of Makoquela r., 51 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. EocKviLLE, p. 0., "Waldo CO., 3fe. EocKviLLE, p. v., and cap. Montgomery co.. Mil. : 33 in. W. by N. Annapolis, on Vv^. side of Eock creek of Polouiac river. It contains the usual county buildings. The " Mary- land Journal" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. Sl'i. EocKviLLE, p. v., Norfolk county, Jfa.-i^.: on "W. sivie of Charles r., 22 ra. S. V>', Boston. Has some manufactures. EocKviLLE, p. o., Allegany co., A'. I'.." 21S m. W. by S. Albany. EoCKVILLE, p. Raleigh. EoCKVILLE. p. ' S. by "W. Columbus. RncKVii.LE, p. v.. Chester county, P^!nl. : 61 miles E. S. K. HarrLsburg. Here isa cold blast charcoal furnace of I.OOO toaa T33 . v., Rowan co., X. Car. : 111 m. "W. by N. , Adams CO., Ohio: on the Ohio r., S3 in. KOC ROL annual cnpacily, which amount U made la 1S49, employing 75 men, using water-power. KocKviLLE, sta., Perry county, Penn. ; on Pennsylvania E. K., 7 m. W. by N. from Ilarriaburg. PvOCKViLLE, p. v., Monroe co., Tenn.: 151 m. E. S. E. Nashville. EocK\TLi.E, p. 0., Hanover Co., Tiiy. EocKviLLE, p. o., Lexington district, 3. Car, : 15 m. W. Columbia. EocKviLtB Cbntee, p. 0., Queeu's Co., 2f. T. : 132 m. 8. Albany. EocKWELL, p. v., Bond Co., lU. : on E. side of W. fork of Shoal creek, 64 m. 8. Springfield. Surrounded by flrsl-rate prairie land. The " Western Evangelist" is issued monthly, and the '• Primitive Preacher" quarterly, both Baptist pub- lications. EocKWELt,, p. c, Pickens district, S. Car.: 125 miles N. W. by W. Columbia. EocKY river, K Car. : rises by numerous branches, which drain the whole of Cabarras co., flows E., and empties into the Yadkin river, EocKY river, S. Car. : rises in Anderson dist., flows S. through W. part of Abbeville dist., and empties into Savannah river. EocKT B.\Tou, p. o., Izard co., Arl: : on E. side of Eock cr., S5 m. N. by E. Little Eock. EocKY BaANCn. p. o., Greenup co., Kf/. : 118 m. E. by N. Frankfort. EocKT CoMTOBT, p. 0., Sevier co., Ark. ; 124 m. W. S. W. Little Eock. EocKT Ckeee, p. 0., Iredell CO., 2f. Car.: on Eocky cr., 12S m W. by N. Ealeigh. EociiY FoED, p. o., Pontotoc cc, Jfiss. ; 146 m. N. N. E. Jackson. EocKY Gap, p. o., Tazewell CO., Virg. : 231 m. W. by S. Eichmond. EocKT IIiLL, p. v., Hartford co., Conn. : on W. side of Connecticut r., "i m. S. Hartford. It is a pleasant lillle v., containing a Congregational church, etc. Some vessels are built here. Eocky Hill, p. 0., Barren eo.,Ki/.: 97 m. S.S.W. Frankfort. Eocky Hill, p. v., Somerset co., Jf. Jer. : on W. side of Millstone r., 12 J m. N. N. E. Trenton, containing a few mills, a woolen factorj-, and stores. Eocky Hill, p. o., Jackson CO., Ohio: 63 m. S. by E. Columbus. Eocky Mills, p. c, Lavacca co., Tex. : 76 m. S. E. Austin City. EocKT MotJNT, p. v., Meriwether co., Ga.: 90 m. "W. Milledgeville. Eocky Mou>t, p. o., Kemper co., JUiss. : 103 m. E. N. E. Jackson. Eocky MotJKT, p. o., Miller co.. Mo. : 29 m. "W. 8. W. Jefferson City. Eocky Moiint, p. v. and sta., Edgecombe CO., ^. Car. : on N. bank of Tar r., 49 m. N. E. by E. Ealeigh. The TVil- mington and Weldon E. K. passes through the v., 87 m. from "Weldon, and 125 m. from "Wilmington. Eocky Mount, p. o., Fairfield disL, S. Car. : on "W. side of Catawba r., 83 m. N. by E. Columbia. Eocky Mount, p. v., and cap. Franklin co., Virff. : on N. side of Pig r., a tributary of Eoanoke r, 134 m. "W. S. "W. Eietiniond. It contains a court-house, jail, stores, tannery, and an iron furnace, which employs 100 laborers. Pop. about 450. Eocky Nareows, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio : 99 m. E. Columbus. P.ocKY Plains, p. o., Hcwton co., Ga.: 53 m. N. "W. Milledgeville. Eocky Point, p. o., Scott co., Tirg. : 231 m. "W. by 8. Richmond. Eocky Poist, p. o., Attala eo., Mi^s.: 53 m. N. N. E. Jackson. 731 Eocky Point, sta., New Hanover county, A^. Car.: on "Wilmington and "WelJon EaUroad, 14 m. N. by E. "Wilmington. Eocky Eitee, p. 0., "Warren CO., Tenn. : 70 m. E. S. E. Nashville. P.OCKY EuN, p. o., Columbia co.. Wise. : 33 m. N. Madison. Eocky Spring, p. o., Jackson co., Ala. : 184 m. N. by E, Montgomery. Eocky Spuing, p. c, Claiborne co., ifiss. ; 87 m. "W.N."W. Jackson. Eocky Spetng, p. c, Grainger co., Tam.: 179 m. E. Nashville. Eocky Well, p. v., Lexington dist., S. Car.: on the S. side of Saluda r., 20 m. W. Columbia. EoDGEu's EoAD, sta., Erie co., A^. Y. : on the BufTalo and State Line K. E., 10 m. S. Buffalo, and 2S9 m. W. Albany. EoDMAN, t. and p. v., .Jefferson CO., N. T. : on Sandy cr., 142 m. N. W. Albany, Surface of t. undulating ; soil sandy and clay loam of good quality. The v. on Sandy creek con- tains 3 churches, saw, grist, carding, and fulling mills, several stores, etc. Pop. of I., in 1S40, 1,702 ; in 1850, 1,754. Rodney, p. v., Jefferson co., Miss. : on E. side of Missis- sippi r., 6S m. S. W. by W. Jackson. It contains several stores, and a fine steam saw-mill. Pop. 510. EoDN-EY, p. o., Gallia co., Ohio : S3 m. S. 8. E. Columbus. EoESFTELD, p. 0., Catahoula par., Zm. : 103 m. N.W. by N. Baton Eouge. EOGEP.S' Br.rDGE, p. 0., Spartanburg dist., S. Car. ; 83 m. N. W. Columbia. EoGER's Farm, p. o., M'Lean CO., III. : on W. side of head branch of Kickapoo cr., 57 m. N. E. Springfield. Roger's Store, p. o., Wake CO., A*! Car. : on E. side of Neuse r, 12 m. N. by E. Ealeigh. Eogerstille, p. v., Lauderdale co., Ala. : about 4 m. N. of Tennessee r., 17S m. N. by W. Montgomery. Rogersville, p. 0., Tuscarawas CO., Ohio: 77 m. E. N.E. Columbus. EoGEiaviLLE, p. 0., Halifax county, Virg. : 93 m. 8. W. Riclimond. Rogersville, p. o., Madison county, S^ij. .' 49 m. S. K Frankfort. Eogersville, p. o., Henry co., Intl. : on N. side of head branch of Blue r., 46 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. Rogersville, p. 0., Greene co., Peim. : 174 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Eogersville, p. v., and cap. Hawkins co., Tenn. : about 2 m. N. of Holstnn r., 209 m. E. by N. Nashville. It con- tains a court-house, jail, several stores, etc. The " E. Times" (whig) is published weekly. EoiiRERSTowN, sta., LancastcT CO., Petin. : on Columbia Branch R. E., 6 m. W. from Lancaster. EonRERsviLLE, p. v., Washington CO., Mel. : 76 m. N. "W". Annapolis. EoHRSBUBG, p. v., Columbia CO., Penn. : on N. side of branch of FLxhing cr, 61 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. RoKEBY p. o., Morgan county, Ohio: 63 m. E. by 8. Columbus. EoLESviLLE, p. v.. Wake co., IT. Car. : 41 m. N. E. of Neuse r., 15 m. N. E. by N. Ealeigh. Pop. about 2110. EoLLERSviLLE, p. V., Sandusky county, Ohio: 97 ra. N. Columbus. EoLLiN, t. and p. o., Lenawee CO., Mich. : 65 m. S. by E. Lansing. Miehcmanetuc or Devil's lake is in its N. part, whence flows Tiffin's er. through its W. portion, aflbrding excellent water-power. The soil is very fertile, well adapt- ed to grain. The v. on the creek contains flouring and saw mills. Pop. of L in 1S40, 681 ; in 1850, 1,080. Rolling Fork, p. c. Nelson county, A'y. .• 65 m. S. W. Frankfort Rolling Peaieie, p. o., Marion co., Ark. : 119 m. N. W. Little Rock. Eollinsfoed, t. and sta., Strafl'ord co., K ITamp.: onW. aide of Salmon r., 34 m. E. Concord. This is a new t. re- ROL ROO cently taken from Somersworth, containing Ihu flourishing V. of Salmon Falls. Three railroady pass tbrougli the t. : Boston and Maine K. E., 71 m. from Boston ; Rraneh R. R. to Great Falls, etc. ; and the York and Cumberland K. K., now in construction. This t. contains numerous factories, fulling-miUs, etc. Pop. 1,S6*2. Kolun's Stokb, p. 0., Moore comity, N. Car. : 32 m. B. W. by W. Raleigh. RoLLiNSviLLE, p. 0., Darlington district, (SI Car.: 63 m. E. N. E. Columbia. RuMA, p. o., Starr county, 7*^.; on the Rio Grande, 2S0 m. S. by W. Austin City. Rome, p. v., and cap. Floyd co., Ga.: at junction of Eto- wah and Oostanaula rivers, IWm. N.W. Milletijceville. The Rome R. R. extends hence to Kingston on Western and Atlantic R. R., and will be continued S. W. to .Tackaonvitle, Ala., there uniting with the Alabama and Tennessee River E. R. The V. contains 2 churches, an academy, and stores. Two newspapers are published weekly, "Rome Bulletin" (whig) and " Southerner" (dem.) Pop. about 800. Rome, p. v., and cap. Perry co., Ind. : on N. bank of Ohio r., 124 m. S. by W. Indianapolis. It was first settled in ISll. It contains a fine brick court-house, stone jail, county seminary, and 2 churches. Pop. about 300. RoMK, p. v., Henry co., la. : on W. side of Skunk r., 47 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Rome, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Me.: 17 ni, N. by W. Augusta. It has a large pond on its N. border, another on the E., and a third on its S. border, all of which have their outlet into the Kennebec, at "Waterville. Incorporated in 1S04. The V. is pleasant and flourishing. Pop. of t. S30. Rome, t. and p. c, Lenawee co., Mich. : 56 m. S. by E. Lansing. Drained by head branches of Beaver cr. The Boil is fertile, adapti'd to grain. Pop. in 1S40, 1,128 ; in 1S50, 1,52S. Rome, t., p. v., sta., and one of the caps. Oneida co., K. Y. : on the Mohawk r., 91 m. W. N. "VV. Albany ; by R. R. from Albany 109 m. Surface of t. chiefly level, or gently undu- lating; soil a fertile clay and saniiig. Pop., with Taylor and Van Buren, 2,S3S. ItoMULUs, t. and p. v., Seneca co., N. Y.: lies between Cayuga and Seneca lakes, 159 m. "W. Albany. The surface is high in the centre, declining E. and W. toward the lakes ; soil of good quality, well adapted to wheat. The village is a small settlement, containing a church, tavern, a few stores, etc. Pop. 2,040. RoxALi>, t. and p. o., Ionia co., 3tiv7i.: 31 m. N. "W. Lan- sing. Drained by Prairie cr. of Grand r. and its branches. Pop. 452. Rook's creek, Livingston county. III. : 64 miles N. E. of Springfield. RoNDouT, p. v., TTlster co., K. Y. : on N. side of Rondout cr., 1 m. above its entrance into the Hudson r., 52 m. S. by W. Albany. It derives its business importance principally from the Delaware and Hudson Canal, which terminates at Eddy- ville, 2 m. above, whence the canal-boats are towed by steamboats. In the vicinity are found large quaiiUliea of hydraulic cement and quicklime, employing a number of men and vessels. A considerable amount of lumber and produce is here collected, and transported to New York. There are four boat-yards for building and repairing canal- boats, two dr>- docks for the repairing of sloops and coasting vessels, a grist-mill, tobacco factory, etc., a female seminary, and two churches. The " R. Courier" (neutral) is issued weekly. Steam ferrj'-boats ply to Eddy vilic and Rhinebeck. Pop. about 1,700. lioNDouT kill or creek, K. Y. : rises in Sullivan co., and flows into the Hudson r, in "Ulster co., near Rondout v., at which point is a light-house. It receives the "Wallkill and other tributaries, and affords water-power. The Delaware and Hudson Canal passes along the valley of this creek. RoKKONKOMA lake, K. Y.: situated near the centre of Long Island, about 1 m. in diameter, deep and tr;msi)arent, abounding with fish, and surrounded by pine and other tim- ber, presenting a romantic and pleasant appearance. Root, p. v., Allen co., Ind,: on E. side of St. Mary's r., 97 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Root, t and p. o., Montgomery co., K Y. : 39 m, W. by N, Albany. Surface in parts hilly; soil fertile loam, or slato and lime. Drained by small streams, flowing into Mohawk r., which bounds it on the N. On one of tliesi.% the Platte - kill, is a water-fall, with a perpendicular descent of 50 feet. About 1 m. above this fall, a vein of lead ore, found at the bottom of the creek, has been wrought to sonic extent by a company incorporated for the purpose. In the rocky clifls near the river Is a remarkable cave, containing numerous apartments, of which fourteen have been \ isiled ; some of these are 500 feet beneath the surface, and profusely adorned with stalactites, stalagmites, and various incrustations. Pop- ulation of t. 2,730. Root Creek, p. o., Milwaukie CO., VTisc. : 73 m. E. by S. Madison. Root river, Mn^n. T^r: a large stream in S. E. part of the State, flows F. into Jlississippi river. RooTSTowN, U, p. o., and sta., Portage CO., Ohio: 116 m. 7»5 ROS EOS N. E. Columbus, lying directly S. of Ravonna, 43 m. from ClevelanJ, on Cleveland and Piltsburg R. R. It is a fine farming t,, watered by Cuyahoga r. Pop. in 1S40, 1,112 ; in 1S50, 1,303. EoscoE, t. and p. v., "Winnebago co,, III. : on E, side of Rock r.,lsl ni. N. by E. Springfield. This is a fine farming town, on llio line of the Kockford and lloek Island R. R., now in construction. RoscoK. p. v., llenry county, Mo.: 93 miles "W. by S. Jefiferson City. RoscoB, p. o., Todd cc, Ky. : 15T m. S. W. Frankfort. RoscoE, p. T., Coshocton co., Ohio: on W. side of Mus- kingum r., and on the Ohio Canal, 59 m. E. N. E. Columbus. The Muskingum is here formed by the confluence of the Walhontiing and Tuscarawas rivers, which are crossed by a fine bridge, just above their confluence. Ruscoe has good water-power, an iron foundry, boat-yard, mills, and several stores. The "Walhonding Canal, which extends to Rochester, 25 m., here unites with the Ohio Canal. By these canals Roscoe has become a great dep6t for wheat and other merchandise. In times of high water, steamboats occasion- ally nm up to this point on the Muskingum. Tliis town was first laid out in 1S16, and named Caldersburg. It is a health- ful and beautiful place, and surrounded by fine scenery. Pop. about 500. Roscommon county, Mich. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 576 sq. m. Drained by the branches of the Maakegon and South rivers, and streams of Higgins' and llougblou's lakes. Surface even ; soil various, but for the most part fertile. Organized since 1950. Rose, t and p. o., Oakland co., Mtclu : 47 m. E. Lansing. "Watered by the E. branch of Shiawassee r. Pop. in lS-10, 415; inlSSO, SS6. Rose, t. ?nd p. o., "Wayne co., K. T.: 1 m. N. E. Lyons, 164 m. W. by N. Albany. Sm-face undulating; snil, grav- elly loam; drained by small streams flowing into Lake On- tario. It contains several saw-mills, a fulling-raHl, and tannery. Pop. in 1840, 2,033 ; in 1S50, 2,264. Rose, t. and p. o., Carroll co., Ohio : 97 m. E. N. E. Colum- bus. The Beaver Canal passes through its N. TV. corner. Pop. 1,537. EosEBooN, p. 0., Otsego co., iV. T. : 51 m. "W. Albany. KosEBURQ, p. v., Perry co., Penn. : 29 m. W. Harrisburg. Rose Creek, p. o., M'Nairy county, Tenn.: 120 m. S. W. Nashville. Rosed.u:e, p. V,, Madison county, Ohio: 25 m. W. N. "W. Columbus. Rose Grove, p. o., Appomattox co., Tirg. : 73 m. W. by S. Eichmond. RosB Uill, p. 0., Seneca county., iV". Y. : 153 m. "W. Albany. Rose Hill, p. v., Jasper co., III. : on E. side of Embarraa r., 83 m- E. S. E. Springfield. Rose Hill, p. o., Amit6 co., Miss. : on "W. side of branch of Araiti6 r., 100 m. S. S. E. Jackson. Rose Hill. p. o., Lee co., Virg. : about 17 m. E. Cumber- land Gap, 319 m. ^X. by S. Richmond. Rose Hill. p. o., Mahaska co., la. : on N. side of Skunk r., 50 m. S. W. by W. Iowa City, RosELAND, p. o., Nelson county, Virg. : 73 m. W. by N. Richmond. Rose Mills, p. o., Amherst co., Vtrff. : on S. side of Tye r., a branch of James r,, 87 m. W. by N. Rioinnond. Rosendale, t. and p. v., Ulster co., N. }' ; on N. side of RoTidout Kill, 63 ra. S. by W. Albany. Here is found in great abundance the best of hydraulic cement, whieh is manufactured in large quantities by two cement mills. The unoccupied water-power at tliis place is very extensive. About 2 m. below the v., near the high falls of the Rondout, is a mineral spring, possessing valuable properties. Pop. oft. 2,418. RohENDALE, t. and p. o„rond du Lac co., Wise: 65m. N. E. by N. Madison Pop. 714. 736 Rose Tree, p. o., Delaware co,, Pejin, : 81 m. E. by 3 Harrisburg. RosEviLLE, p. v., Parke co., Ind. : on 8. side of Big Rac- coon cr., 5S m. W. by S. Indianapolis. KosEviLLE, p. 0., Franklin co.. Ark. : on 8. eide of Arkan- sas r.. 95 m. W, N. W. Little Ruck. RosEviLLE, p. o., Macomb co., Mich^ : 84 m. E. Lansing. RoSEviLLE, p. v., Muskingum co., Ohio : on S. fork of Jonathan's cr., 49 m. E. by S. Columbus; contains a few mills and stores, and about 200 inhabitants. RosicLAKE, p. 0., Hardin co., III.: 1} m. N. of Ohio r., 125 m. S. S. E. Springfield. RosLiN, p. o., Marquette co., Wise. : 57 m. N. Madison. EosLYN. p. 0., Queen's co., N. K ; at southern extremity of Hempstead Harbor, 133 m. 9. Albany. Eoss county, Ohio. Situate toward the S., and contains 644 sq. m. Scioto river flows through it from N. to S., by which and its branches it is drained. Surface raried, in tho N. being level, and in the S. hilly and broken ; soil gener- ally fertile; in the level portions the land is rich and very productive. There is some good timber land, and it has excellent pasturage for cattle, large numbers of which are exported. It has good water privileges. Farms 1,4;55; manuf. 141, dwell. 5,575, and pop.— wh. 30,2o7, fr. col. 1367_total 32.074 Capital: Chillicothe. Public Works: Ohio Canal, etc. Eoss, t and p. o., Sutler co., Ohio : on W. side of Miami river, 94 ra. W. S .W. Columbus. Drained by Miami r. and its branches. Pop. in 1S40, 1,526; in 1S50, 1.643. Eoss, p. o., Anderson co., Tenn. : 147 ra. E. Nashville. EossBURG, p. v., Decatur co., I7id. : on S. side of branch of Salt creek, a tributary of Whitewater river, 49 m. S. E. ludianapolte. Eoss' CoENBR, p. c, York county, Me.: 79 m. S. B. "W. Augusta. RossEAiTj p. v., Morgan county, Ohio: 59 m. E. 8. E. Columbus. Ross' Ferry, p. c, Livingston county, Ky. : 199 miles S. W. by W. FrankforL Ross' Grove, p. o., De Kalb co., M. : on W. side of Little Indian cr., 134 m. N. by E. Springfleld. RossiE, t. and p. v., St. Lawrence county, i^. 3'. ; 150 m. N. W. Albany. Surface of t. undulating and somewhat broken ; soil fertile loam, resting on lime, granite, and sand- stone. Drained by Oswegatchie and Indian rivers. Iron and lead ore are found in great abundance. The lead ores are of the finest quality, and apparently inexhaustible. These have been extensively worked since 1S37 by three companies, which have produced and sent to market large amounts of lead. The veins have been traced 15 m., vary- ing in width from 6 inches to 2 feet, lying in a fissure uf r'iek in a solid mass; and t'rom ils location, its depth is evi- dently very great. The mine on Cole lliH is the prineipal, the surface of which has been laid bare for a considerable distance, bounded on either side by granite rock. The mine is regarded by geologists as an anomaly in the mineral kingdom, and great natural curiosity, as well as a source of inexhaustible wealth. The v., on Indian r., is the principjJ lociilily of these mines, and is a scattered manufacturing settlement, containing an extensive furnace and tbrge, iron foundry and machine shop, 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill, 2 tav- erns, several stores, and about 900 inhabitants. Pop. of L in 1S40, 1,553 ; in 1S50, 1,471. EossTowN, p. 0., Shelby co., Tenn.: 179 m. W. S. W. Nashville. RossviLLE, p. v., "Walker co., Ga. : a short distance from the Tennessee boundary, 1S3 m. N. W. Milledgeville. For- merly a missionary station in the Cherokee Nation. RossviLLE, p. v., Clinton co., Int?. : on S. side of Middle fork of Ponceanichioux r. or "Wild Cat cr., 49 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. RossviLLE, p. v., Baltimore co., Md. : 35 m. N. Annapolia. RossviLLE, p. v., Richmond oo., 2^. 1'. : on Staten Island ROS ROW Sound, 145 m. S. by W. Albany. It cunlains 2 cnrruige luamifactories, a lew slori-s uikI dwelliiiirs, lias a steamboat landing, aiul a ferry to the Jeraey shore, luriiicrly known as the OKI IJlazing Star l-'errj'. ItossviLLK, p. o., Chester district, S. Ctir.: 46 m. N. Cohimbia. KossviT.LE. p. v., Butler co., Ofuo: on W. side nf Miami r., S9 m. W. S. \V. Cuhtinhus. A flouristiin^ und wealthy v. The 'Miann Dem<»eral" is issued weekly. Pop. IM>2. EossviLLK, p. v., York county, Penn.: 14 in. S. by VT. Harrishurg. EosTr.AVEF., f. and p. o., "Westmoreland eo., PenTi.: on K. Bide of Monoiiiiahela r., 132 m. W. llarrisbtir^. EoswELL, p. o., Cobb CO., GiJ. : on N. tide of Chattahoo- chee r., 9i m. N. W. MilleJgcville. EoTUEuw-ooD, p. 0., Carroll co., Ga. .* 109 m. "W. by N. Milledge\ille. IIoTTKnPAM, t. and p. o., Schenectady co., y. V. ; 19 ra. N. "W. Albany. S^a^face rolling; soil sandy Inam and allu- vion, very productive along the Mohawk r., wliich l)ounds it on the N. ; also watered by some small creeks flowing into the Mohawk. Tlie Erie Canal passes through its N. part. Pop. of t. in 1840, 2,2S4; in 1S50, 2.446. ItoL-iJiDuux, p. c, Texas co., Mo. : on K. side of Roubi- doux fork of Gasconade r., 79 m. S. Jelferson City. PouGE river (of the Detroit). JftcJi. : is formed from three principal tributaries which rise in Oakland and Washlt-naw countiia. and unite in the K. partof AVayne co. The Pouge river enipiies into the Detroit r., 5 m. below Detroit, and is navigable for small vessels to DearbornviUe. Toward iis inouih it is deep and sluggish, but the greater purtinn of it Is very rajiid, having great descent, and with its numerous branches furnishing very great water-power. Plough and Peahv, p. o. and sla.. Chambers co., Ala. : on Montgomery and ^Yest Point P. K., 03 m. from Mont- gomery, i'O m. from "SVest Point. PoiGii AND Keadt, p. 0., Audcrson county, A'//..- IS m. S. S. ■\V. Frankfort. Porcn AND pKADY, p. o., Uancock county, 7//.; S3 m. TV. N. "W. SpringfieUi. KouGU AND Peadv. p. 0. and sta., Fayette co., O'li. ; on Macon and AVestern li. P., 11 m. from Atlanta and 90 m. from Macon, T9 m. N, W. by N. Milledgeville. PouGii AND Peadv, p. o., ^^teuben county, ^.V. 2' .• 190 m. ■W. by S. Albany. Rough and Peady, p. c, Warren co., TeiuK : (17 m. S. E. Nashville. P.ouGH AND Eeadt Mills, p. 0., Henry co., Vir(/. : 143 m. S. W. Pichmonil. RouGn Ceeek, p. c, Charlotte co., Vifj. : 71 ni. W. S.W. Richmond. PorGU Creek, p. o.. Grayson co., Ki/. : 101 m. "W. S. "U". Frankfurt. Roulette, t. and p. o., Potter CO., Penn. : 122 m. N. is'. "W. Harrisburg. Pound island, Midi.: a small island on the K. part of Lake Huron, between Bois Blanc and Mackinau islands. Round lake, N. Y. : a handsome sheet of water, 1} ing in the t of Lake Ploa-sant, Hamilton co.. connected by an out- let i m. long, with Lake Pleasant. It is surrounded by a fine region of counlrj', abounds with trout and othrr fish, and much resorted to by sportsmen. Pound lake, N. Y. : in tlie t. of Malta, Saratoga co., is a small lake, abounding in perch, pickerel, and oilier fish. Round Grove, p. c, Carroll co., Mo. : 95 m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. Round Head, t. and p. v., Hardin co., Ohio: 5Sm.N. "W. Columbus. Drained by the head branches of ScioLo and Miami rivers. The v., situated on the former, contains 135 inhabitants. Pop. of t. in 1840, 669 ; in 1S50 (including pop. of v.), G55. Round Hilu p. v., Fairfield county, Comi. : "2 m. S. W. Hartford. Contains a cliurch and several dwellings. ■W4 RorND Hill, p. o., Cooper county, Mo.: G2 m. "W, by X. Jefferson City. Round Hill, p. o., Orange co., K Car. : 31 m. M. Vi. Raleigh. Round Pond, p. o., Lincoln county, Me.: 26 m. S. E. Augusta. Round Prairie, p. o., Dallas county,^ Mo.: 75 ra. S. W". Jefferson City. Pound Top, p. o., Fayette co., Tex.: on Cummin's cr. of Coloratlo r., on the p(}st-r'>adfrom Lagrange to W'at-hington, 64 ra. E. by S. Austin City. Rouse's Puist, p. v. and sta., Clinton co., K Y. : on the "W. side of Lake Champlain, 166 ni. N. by IC. AU)any. It is about J m. S. of the Canada line. Soon after the war of 1S12, the United States commenced the construction of a strong fortification, a short distance N. of the v., to guard the entrance of the lake. It was subsequently found that this site was within the Canada line, and the further cnn- struclion of the work, upon which some $400,000 had been expended, was abandoned. However, this spot has since been ceded to the United States, and this fine Ibrtiflcatiou, now in dilapidation, may at some period be completed. At this point, the great railroad route between Ogdensburg and Boston, here crosses the lake. Previous to the construction of the railroad, this jdace was of no importaiu'e. It is now a great dei)6t for merehandise and produce, and important landing-place for the boats on Lake Champlain. The rail- road crosses the lake by a permanent bridge, o.ooo feet long, and a draw-bridge on pontoons. 300 feet by 30, which is swung round when not in use, so as to give free navigation. The dock is Suo by 1G4 feet, and the depot 550 by lo4 feet. The improvements are all of the most permanent cliaracter. The Champlain and SL Lawrence P. R. extends hence to Montreal, 47 m. Rouse's Point is distant from Ogdensburg, by the Northern R. P., US m. ; from Boston, by both routes, 2S3 ra. The v. is generally flourishing, and increasing in population. Rover, p. o., Bedford county, Tenn.: 47 m. S. S. E. Nashville. Rowan county, X. Car. Situate "W. centrally, and con- tains 332 sq. m. Drained by Yadkin r. and its branches. Surface undulating; soil a fine deep mold and very fertile, and well adapted to grain and grazing, fruits, etc. Chief productions, cotton, tobacco, wheat, and Indian com. Farms 1,070; nianuf. 103; dwell. 1,542, and pop.— wh. 9,901, fr. col. 115, si. 3,854— total 13.S70. Capital: Salisbury. PowE, t, and p. v., Franklin co., J/a.w. ; 98 m. "W. by N. Boston. Surface elevated and in some pacta mountainous; soil best adapted to grazing. Drained by Deerfield r., which forms its W. boundary, and by Pelham brook, passing throu-^h the centre of the t., on which are the ruins of old Fort I'elham, erected in 1744. The v. hi the centre of t. is a neat settlement, has some manufactures, and contaiiis 3 churches. Pop. of t. 659. RowENA, p. 0., linsaell co., Kij. : 79 m. S. Frankfort. Rowe's, sta.. Orangeburg district, S. Cdr.: on Columbia Branch R. R.,5S ni. from Columbia, 71 m. from Charleston. Rowe's Corner, sta., Merrimac county, i!T.Jhnnp.: on Portsmouth and Concord R. R., 13 m. S. S. E. Concord, and 34 ni. from Portsmouth. PowEsviLLE, p. v., Bedford CO., 7l"». ; 55 m. S. S. E. Nashville. Row's, p. o.,A3ldand co., Ohio: on W. si.ie of Muddy fork of Walhonding r., 73 m. N. N. W. Columbus. RowLANDSViLLE, p. v., CccU CO., M(L .' 52 m. N. E. by N. Annapolis. RowLANDSviLLE, p. 0., Stanlv county, K Car. : 103 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. RowLEV, t., p. v., and sta,, Essex county, J/fW.s.; 27 m. N. by E. Boston. Soil of I. diversified ; a largo portion is salt meadow, the arable soil is fertile. Watered by Rowley river, which, before its junction with Plum Island Sound, affords harborage for small vessels. Plum island belongs to 737 ROX UOY this I. Tlie V. nt the centre contuins 2 chnrchoa. The Eastern K. K. passes through the t, 29 ni. from Boston. This t. was first settled in 1G39, by an imiustrious and pious conipaiiv from Yorkshire, Knghmd, who erected the first fulliiisr-mill ill New England, and manufactured the first dotli in Nnrth America. Tiie fiuci'^nt townsliip of R. was divided in 1S3S, and its "W. part incorporated by the name of Georgetown. Pop. of 1. 1,075. KoxAXA, t. and p. o., Eaton county, Mich.: IT m. "W. Lansing. Pop. 353. EoxnoROUGn, p. v., and cap. Person en., y. Cnj^: 55 m. N. N. W. Kaleigh. It contains u courl-liouse, jail, a few stores, and about 150 inhabitants. EoxBtJKv, t. and p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 45 m. N. W. by "W. Augusta. Surface elevated and well timbered, with some good stul. Watered by Swift brook, a branch of Andros- coggin r., flowing S. through its centre. Incorporated in 1S35. Pop. 246. EoxBUEY, t. and p. v., Litchfield co., Cmin. : 3G m. 'W.S.W. Hartford. Surface of t. diversified; soil chiefly gravelly loam. Watered by Shepang r., a branch of the Ilousatonic, flowing through its W. part. The t was aken from "Wood- bur>% and incorporated in ISOl. The v. in the centre of the t. contains 2 churches, a few stores, etc. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 971; in 1850,1,114. KosBfiiY, t., p. city, and sta., Norfolk CO., Mass.: 2 m. 8. by W. Boston, with which it is closely connected by a narrow neck of land — "Boston Neck" — over which there are 4 broad and pleasant avenues. The natural surface of the city was very uneven and rocky, which gave to it its name, from the abundance of rocks ; and though much changed by building improvements, is still much diversilied. The soil is generally fertile and highly cultivated. The dwellings are noted for their elegance, and are generally surrounded by ornamental gardens. Tho entire oppearance of the city is most delightful, and it is one of the most plea- sant suburbs of Boston, with which its business and wealth are most intimately connected, and can hardly be con- sidered as separate from the metropolis. It has. however, considerable trade of its own, and its manufactures are various and extensive. These consist of carpeting, cordage (the New England Company has a capital of $75,000, em- ploying 130 men). India-rubber goods, railroad iron, iron castings, fire-engines, steam-engines, and boilers ; sheet lead, while lead, chemical preparations, turpentine, etc. ; worsted and silk fringes and lining ; patent leather, hats, shoes, cabinet-ware, etc. Steam-power is employed by about 30 establishments. There is 1 bank, capital $150,000; one in- stitution for savings, 2 insurance companies, and 6 churches, several of which are located on elevated positions, and make a beautiful appearance. The Boston and Providence li. R. passes through the city, and is much used by the citizens in passing to and from Boston. Several lines of omnibuses affbrd constant communication with the city. The "Nor- folk County Journal" (whig), and "Eoxbury Advertiser" (neut). are issued weekly. Eoxbury was incorporated as a town Sop*. 2S, 1630 (in the same year with Boston); and as a city, March 12, 1S4G. The territory of the city is TJ m. long. 2^ m. broad, and comprises an area of 10,6S6 acres. It is governed by a Mayor, Board of Aldermen, and Common Council, elected annually. Excellent provisions are made for])ublic schools, etc. The following table exhibits the valuation of estates in Eoxbury, from 1S37 to lS4y inclusive : Year. Vftluation. i Year, Valuntion, Year. Valuation. 1S37.... $5.57.5,000 I 1641.,..$G,941,600 1S45... $9,569,800 1S33.... 5,979,9001 1S42.... 7,3-11,600 1^46.. . 12,531.100 1S39.... 6.4-"S,600| 1S43.... 7,710,001) 1S47... 12,G2S.800 1840.... 6,721,000 1 1S44.... 8,578,600 | 1S4S. .. 13,192,600 In tho "W. part of the t. is an extensive level, on whirh is Biiuated the beautiful p. v. of Jamaica Plams, near Jamaica Pond, from which Boston was, lo a considerable extent, 73S supplied with water, until the opening of the Cochituale Aqueduct, in 1S4S. The Forest Hills Cemetery is situated a short distance from the city, on the Dedliam turnpike. This beautiful city of the dead has an area of about 70 acres. The grounds are piduresquely diversifit-d. and ainmiiding with trees, shrulibery, an7 m. from FUchburi,'. Pop. oft. in 1S40, l,r.G7 ; iu 1S50, 1,540. KoYALTON, p. v., Boone co., In<9. : on K. side of branch of Eagle LT., a tribntary of W. fork of While r., 14 m. N.W. Indianapolig. RoYALTox, t and p. o., Niajcara county, K. Y. : 252 m. "W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating; soil fertile calcareous loam. "Watered by Tonawanda rr., wliieli bounds it on the S. The t. eontaiiis the villajres nf Middleport and Oasporl, which latter d'.rives its name from a spring; of inflaniniable natural gas, used to some extent. The Erie Canal, and the Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls K. li. pass througii the town. Pop. in 1S40, .3,.^4y; in 1S50, 4,024. KoYALTiJN, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio : on .S. side of brannh of Little Walnut cr., 21 ni. S. E. by S. Columbus. Contains a church and some stores. Pop. 252. P.OYAI.T0N, t., p. v., and .'ita., Windsor co., Vet'in.: 31 m. S. Mutitpelier. Surface broken and mountainous : soil fer- tile, particularly along White r., by which and its branches it is watered. Tlio agricultural products are of consiilerable amount. Tlie v. is pleasantly situated on the bank of While r.. anN. p. o., Delaware county, Tik?.: 49 miles N. E. Indiaiuipolis. EuAP.K. p. o., Lawrence co., ///. ; on a small branch of Wabasli r., 124 ra. S. E. SpringHeld. EiTCKECsviLLE. p. V., Elbert co.. Go. : on N. side of Tan's cr., ?0 m. N. N. E. Milledgevillc. Contains a Baptist church, academy, several stores and dwellings. ErcKERsviLLE, p. 0., Tippah co., Miss. : 17G m. N. N. E. Jackson. RrcKEcsTiLLE, p. V., Gfceue co., Vir(/. : 03 m. N. W. Kichmond. ErrKERTiLLE, p. o., Clark county, Kt/.: 4o m. E. by S. Frankfort. ErrKMANYTLLE, p. 0., Ilighlaiid county, Yirg.: 127 m. W. N. W. Eichmond. ErnnLE's Mills, p. o., Bourbon co., Ky. : 37 nL E. by N. Frankfort. El'dh's Mills, p. o., Lewis co., Yirg. : Isj m. N. W. Eichmond. EroGLES, t. and p. o,, Ashland co., Ohio : 77 m. N. by E. Columbus. Drained l)y head branches of Vermillion river. Pop. 1,0S5. EuMA, p. v., Eandoljih county, ///. ; 114 miles S. by W. Spriuiilh-ld. Elmforp, t and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on N. W. side of Androscoggin r., 43 m. W'. N. W. Augusta. The surface is somewhat diversified. White Cap Mountain rise 600 feet and Glass-face about 400 feet aliove the level of the sur- rounding ctiuntry. and present beautiful views from their summits. The soil is fL-rtile, adapted to grain. Drained l)y the Androscoggin and its brandies, Ellis and Swift brooks. which together furnish a great water-power. Incorporateil m lS(»i. Pop. in 1640. 1.444; iii 1S50, 1.375. EvMFoBD Centee, p. o., Oxford co., Mt. : 45 m. W. N.W. Augusta. EuMFORD Point, p. o., Oxford co., Me: 46 m. W. N. W. August.!. ErMMERFTELD CuEitK, p. 0., Bradford co., Penn.: 116 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. El-.mxev, t., p. o., and sta., Grafton co., N. Ifainp. : 45 ru. N. N. W. Concord. Surface is uneven, and aliounds with bcauliful sccn.ry: srjil moderately frrtile. Drained liy Baker's r. and its branehes. First settled in 17G5. It con- tains several tanneries, saw-mills, and stores. The Boston, Concord, and Montreal K. E. passes its 8. part, 59 m. from Concord. Pop. in !S30. 993; in IS40, 1,116 ; in ISSn, l,lii9. Er.M.vEY, p. v., Mecklenburg co., Ky.: 141 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Eiixdell's, p. o., Crawford co., Penn. : 1S6 ni. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Ei'i'F.nT, t., p. v., and sta., Beiinintrton co,, V'rrn. : 79 m. S. W'. Muiitpelier. Surface mountainous; soil good for grazing. Waten d by Pawlet r. and Wliite cr. of Batten- kill, which afford water-power, improved by mills of various kiruls. Some fine cattle are raised and large numbers of sheep. First setlied in 1707. The Eutland and Washing- ton E. E. passes tlirough the t.. 30 m. from Eulland, 49 m. from Troy. Pop. of t. in 1S40, l,os6: in ]S5U. 1.101. EauAL, p. 0., Clermont co.. Ohio: SO m. S. W. Columbus. Erc.AL, p. 0., Jasper co.. Mo. : 92 m. S.W. .Teffersim City. EfRAL Hill, p. <>., Wilson co.. Tenn. : 15 m. E. Nashville. Riii:al IIill, p. o., Jefferson co., N. Y.: 142 miles N. W. Albany. ErRAL Eett.eat, p. 0., Wyihe co., Tlrg. : 203 m. W. by 3. Eielunond. EtuAL Vale, p. o., Lapeer co., Midi.: SS m. E. N. E. Lansing. EnKAL Valley, p. o., Armstrong county, Penn. : 132 m. W. N. W. Ilarrisburg. Ersn county, Ind. Situate toward the S. E., and contains 443 sq. m. Drained by Big and Little Blue rivers, anil Big and Little Flat Eock creeks, l)y which fine water-power is gained. Surface undulating or rolling, with occasional ridges of low hills ; soil a rirh vegetable mold, and very fer- tile. Chief ])roductions wheat, Indian corn, potatoes, and tobacco. There is much fine grazing land in the eo., and largi- numbers of cattle, .sheep, and hogs are fattened and exported. Fine tindier is found on the laml. Farms 1,809 ; manuf. 59 ; dwell. 2.^24, and pop.— wh. 10.226, fr. col. 219— total 10.445. Ctij>ify lloneoyc er., flowing W. through its centre into Genesee r. The v. on Iloneoye cr. contains 2 taverns, 3 churches, 4 stores, a flouring and saw mill, as'hery, carding machine, and about 200 inhabitants. Pop. of town in 1S40; 1.929 ; in ISoO, 2,015. Ecsn. t. and p. o., Susquehanna co., Pfnn. : on Wyalu- sing creek, lOS m. N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly loam. It contains several tanneries, grist and saw mills, and has sonie manufactures. Pop. about 1,200. Rush, t. and p. o., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: S6 m. E. N. E. Colundjus. AVatered by branches of Tuscarawas river, and contains several grist, saw, and flouring mills. Poj). in 1840,1,293; in 1S50, 1,332. Euen, t. and p. o., Shiawassee co., Mich.: on W. side of Shiawassee r., 25 ni. N. E. Lansing. Pop. about 100. Eirsn, p. 0., Jo Daviess co., III. : 175 m. N. by W. Springfield. Eisii Bottom, p. o., Ilolt county, Mo. : 194 miles N. W. Jefferson City. Ersn Creek, p. o., Union county, Ohio: 41 miles N. W. Columbus. Eusm-ORi), t. and p. v., Allegany county, y. Y. : 230 m. W. by S. AU>any. Surface undulating; soil clay loam and gravelly mold, well ailapted to grass. Drained K. by Cold cr. of (Jenesee r. The v. is a tiiriving business place, con- taining 2 churches, 3 taverns, several mills and stores, and about SOO inhabitants. Population of t in 1:540, 1,512; in 1S50. l.SOO. El sn L^vKE, p. o., Fond du Lac co., Wi^c. : 65 m. X. N. E Madison. 7S9 RUS RUT Rush Tower, p. o., Jofforson co., Mo. : on W. bank of Mississippi r., 107 ni. K. by S. Jefferson City. EusiTTOTV-N. p. 0.. Northumberland county, Fenn. ; 45 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. RcsnviLLE, t., p. v., and cap. Schui'ler co., PJ. : 52 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Is a Jiamlsome and flourishing v. pleasantly located at the S. end of a beautiful ferliie prairie, skirted by fine timber at the head of a sraiiU stream. It contains a brick court-house 2 stories high, a jail, and 4 churches. The *' Prairie Telegraph" (neut.) is issued weekly. Pop. about 1,000. El'shvtllr. p. v., sta., and cap. Kuph co., Ind.: on N. bank of Big Flat Hock cr., 3S m. E. by E:^. Indiaruipolis. It was first settled in lv21, and contains a court-house, jail, 3 churches, several mills and stores. Two newspapers are published weekly, " Republican"" (whii?\ and '' Jacksonian" (dem.) The Eushville and Shelby ville R. R. extends hence to Shelbyville 20 m., and is part of an extensive iine of rail- road now constructing across the State. Pop. in 1S50, 2,10S. RcsnviLLE, p. v.. Yates co., 2^. Y. : 177 m. W. Albany. Is a thriving v., containing 2 churches, academy, 2 taverns, 2 furnaces, mills, stores, etc., and about 600 inhabitants. EusnvTLLE, p. v., Fairfield co., Ohio: on W. side of Rush cr., 33 m. E. S. E. Columbus. It contains GO dwellings, and 300 inhabitants, and several mills in the vicinity. RdSUTTLLE. p. v., Susquehanna county, Penn.: 106 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. PaiSHTLVANiA., p. o., Logan county, Ohio:49 miles N. W. Columbus. Rusk county, Teic. Situate "W. toward the N., and con- tains l,l;34 sq. m. Drained by branches of Angelina and Attoyac rivers. Surtice undulating; .soil very ferliie, and adapted to the growth of cotton, corn, fruits, etc. Pine tim- ber is abundant. Farms 5f>7 ; manuf. 15 ; dwell. 1,045, and pop.— wh. G,012, fr. col. 0, si. 2,136— total 8,1 4S. Capital: Henderson. RcrSK, p. 0., Haywood county, Term, ; 141 m. W. S. W. Nashville, Rusk. p. v., and cap. Cherokee county, T*ot. ; 190 miles N. E. by E. Austin City. Pop. 332. RrsK, p. o., Surry county, A'. Car.: ]20 m. "W. N. W. Raleigh. Russell county, Ala. Situate toward the S., and con- tains S5S sq. m. Drained by branches of Chattahoochee r., which forms its E. boundary. Surface undulating ; soil fer- tile, and is well adapted to cotton, a large quantity of which is produced in the county. The land is rich and productive, and fine crops of wheat and corn are raised. It has some good timber land. Farms 1,049; manuf. 4; dwell. 1,411, and pop.— wh. S.405, fr. col. 32. si. 11.111— total 19,54S. Capital: Crawford. PnUic WorJcn : Girard and Mobile K. R. ; Montgomery and West Point R. R. Russell county, Ay. Situate S. toward the E.. and con- tains 316 sq. ra. Drained by Cumberland river and its branches. Surface undidating; .«oil fertile, and adapted to grain ; a portion of the land is de^'oted to pasturage. Chief productions, rice, cotton, and tobacco. Farms GG5 ; manuf. 13; dwell. S40. and pop.~wh. 4,901. fr. col. IS, si. 435— total 5,349. Capital: Jamestown. Public Works: Lexington and M'Minnville R. R. Russell county, Virg. Situate 9. W., and contains 1,812 sq. ra. Drained by Clinch r. and head branches of W. fork of Sandy river. Surface much broken and rocky, consisting principally of mountain ranges and valleys; soil fertile. Chief products wheat and Indian corn. Farms 942 ; manuf. 14; dwell. 1,7S6, and pop.— wh. 10,SG7, fr. col. 70, si. 9S2— total 11,919. Capital : Lebanon. Russell, t., p. v., and sta., Hampden county, dfiiM. : on Westfield r., 94 m. W. by S. Boston. Surface elevated and mountainous, aboun. v.. and eaji. IJutherford en., y. On: ; 193 m. W. Ijy 8. Raleigh. Situated on a branch of Broad river, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, hotels, and fiourin^-mills. The "Mountain Banner"' (State riijhls) is publislu'd weekly. Pop. ."iOS. licTHKB Glenn, p. o.. Carolino county, V'lrg.: 33 m. N. Kicliniond. Rutland county, Yt'rm. Situate E. toward the S., and contains 94S sq. m. Drained by Oitcr cr., and lUacU, While. Pawlt't. and Queechoe rivers. Surface elevated, and in parts mountainous; but on Oltoi* cr. are some portions of tertile land ; soil various — in most parts well suited fur pasture. Inm ore of a good quality is found here, and some quarries of excellent marble, much of wtiich is exj)oried. Chief products, wheat and IniUil: Rutland. Publiti Works: RuTland and Burlington K. R. ; Western Vermont R. R. ; Rutland and Wa.shington R. R. EiTTLAND, 1. and p. v., Worcester co., Muss, : 47 m. W. Boston. Situated on the height of land between the sea and Conneclieut r. Surface uneven and billy; soil best adapted tn grazing; watered by a branch of Ware river, which affords power for several mills. Ihis t.. formerly 12 miles square, was bought of the Indians for £23 in l(iS6, and i-ncor[)orated in 1714. The v., in the central part tif tiie t., conlnins a town-house, academy, handsome Congregational church, eevera! neat dwellings, and has some manufac- tures. Pop. 1,223. Rutland, t. and p. o., Jefferson co,. K, Y. : 140 m. N. W. Albany. Surt'ace undulating ; soil fertile loam, uu'lerlaid by limestone. Drained S. W. by Sandy cr. and by Black r., which forms its X. boundary. In this t. and \ieinity are found remains of Indian forliticatinns. It has sorne manii- faeturcs. several tanneries, saw, grist, aud fulling mills. Pop. in IS40, 2,090 ; in 1650. 2.2G5. RuTL.vND, t. and p. v., Meigs CM\iv\l\\.Ohio : on N. sitle of Leading creek, a tributary of ilie Uhio. 77 m. S. E. by S. Ct)lnmbus. containing several tanneries, grist, anrm. : on Otter cr, 50 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. Surface of t. uneven ; soil various, from a stroTig loam to a liglit sand, but gen- erally fertile. Drained by Otter cr. and iLs branches, which afford water-power, and by a branch of Casllelon r. Iron *>re of good quality is found : als(», lime, and a great abund- ance of whito and beautifully variegated marble, of which several ., Dane co.. If7.sc. ; 24 ni. S. 8. E. Madison. Soil excellent, watered Ijy branch of Cattish cr. of Rock r. Pop. 792. RrxLANn Ckstrk. sta.. Rutland county, rtrin.: 2 m. N. Rutland, on Rutland and iJurliiigli.n R. R. Ri-TLcnGE, p. v„ ami c;ip. Cramger co.. Tphik: ISI m. E. Xaslnille. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 100 iuliabitanls. RuTLF.DGE, p. v., and cap. M-Dunald co., Jlo. : on S. side of Elk r,, l5;3 in. S. W. dellerson t'iiy. Rye, t. and p. o.. Rockingham co., ^\^ I/ninp.: on the Atlantic shore, 41 in. E. S. E. C(mcord. The surface has con'tiderable sandy beach and salt meadow, which yields large quantities of griLss. It has a liarbnr near Cmss Mill, ailmittiiig. at high water, vessels of 75 or SO tons, and from which the fisheries are earrieil nn. Chartered in 1719. Pop. in 1S40, 1.205; in 1S50, l,21l(i. Rye. t., p. v., and sta.. Westchester co., y. J'.; 114 m, S. Albany. Surfaee,^ii(ven and stony : soil, clay loam ; drained nn the E. by i:>rain r.. and on the W. by Blind brook, both fl'jwing into Long Island Sound, wlijch bounds it on the S The v., siluateii 1 m. N. of the sound, contains 3 churches, an academy. 2 taverns, a few stores, an*! about 250 inhabit- ants. The New York and New Haven R. R. passes through it, 27 m. from New York, anrl 49 m. from New Haven. Pop. oft. in ISIO, 1,S03 ; in 1S.50. 2.5s4. Ryt. Cove, p. o., Scott county, \'ir{/.: 2S1 ni. W. by S. RichmfUid. Rteoai^. t., p. v., and sin.. Caledonia co.. V-'n//.: an W. bank of i:nuneeiicui r.. 25 m. E, b> S. M.)nip..lier. There is not much intervale lainl on the r., but iln^ soil is geiierally produciive; it is best adapted to grazing, and large nuntluTs of slieep are kept. Watered by Wells r., whieti aHords water-power, .some smaller sireauis, aud several ponds. At Cauoe Falls, in Connecticut r., against Itie middle of the t., is a dam across the r., which afTnrls extensive water-power. Chartered in 17(13, and first settled in 1774, by emiirrants from Scotland, from whom a large part of the present inhab- itants have descended. They are chiefly devoted to agri- cultural pursuil.s. are imlustrinus and frugal. The u contains 2 churches — Presbyterian and Associate Reformed — 2 tan- neries, and several saw-mills. Tlie Connecticut and Pas- sumsie Rivers R. R. passes through the t., 44 m. from White River Junction, and 16 m. from St. dolmsbury. i'op, in 1S3II, 1,119; in 1S40, 1.223 ; in 1S.50, l.Oot;. Ryerson's Station, p. o., Greene county, Ftnn.: 1.53 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Rye Valley, p. o., Smyth co , Jlrg.: 231 m. W. by S. Riehmnnd. Ryl.\nd's DkpAt, p. o. and sta., OreeiiviUe co., Vlrff. : on Greenville, Gaston. ant^T, 'J4 m. S. W, l)y S. AiiL'iivta. 741 SAB SAC Sabbath Day Point, ^V. }'.: on W. side of Lake George, in t. of Ilagt'r; derives its name from tlie landing of some Engli-sb troojjs on tlie Sabbath day, during the old French "War, and tlitir dcstrucliun l)y Indians. Sai!Ili.isvili.e, p. v., Fri'derick co., J/«7. ; on a branch of the Monocaoy r., 95 m. N, W. Annapolis. Sabina, j>. v.^, Clinton co., Ohio : on a branch of Kattlo- snake cr., IIG ni. S. W. Cohunbus. The Cincinnati, Wil- mington, and ZaiiosviUe U. 11. will pixss tlirongh it. Sakine parish, Za. Siluale W.. and contains 1.2S7 sq. ra. Drained by Ilaspoon, Ncgret, and Lannacoco bayous. Sur- face generally lovi.1 ; soil fi-rtile. and along the banks of Sabine r., which bounds it on the "W., are large tracts of land which prove productive with cultivation. Chief products, Indian corn, cotton, etc. Farms 522, nianuf. o, dwell. 632, and pop. — wh. 3,34T, fr. col. 0, si. 1,1GS— total 4,515. Capital: Manny. Sabine county, Texr. Situate E., and contains S09 sq. m. Drained by allluunta of Sabine r., wliich forms ila eastern boundary, and by Ik-ar cr. in the S. W. Surface undulat- ing; soil varied ; in the W. and S. W., the land being gen- erally rich and productive, and ailapted to the growth of' cotton, wheat, corn, and fruit, and a large portion is cov- ered with timlier. Farms 171, manuf. 12, dwell. 2S8, and pop.— wh. 1,55G, fr. col. 0, si. 942— total 2,49S. Capitul: Milan. Sabixe rivrr, Tex. and La. : is formed at the S. boundary of Hunt CO., Tex., in lat. 320 ot)' N., by the confluence of 3 principal head branches, viz., Cow Leech, Caddo, and "West fork— ilie two former rising by several creeks in the N. part of Hunt co. From its source il flows E. S. E. 120 m. in very direct course toward the E. boundary of the State, until, at the middle of the N. boundary of Panola co., when 19 m. from the E. boundary line, il takes a more S. E. course through Panola co., and reaches the boundary at the S. E. corner of the co.. in lat. 32'^ N., and thereafter forms, in its southerly course to the Gulf of Mexico, the boundary line between this Slate and Louisiana. Before it reaches the Gulf, it expands into Sabine Lake, 30 m. long, and averag- ing S m. witle ; but on leaving the lake, 7 m. above the Gulf, it contracts to its usual width, which it retains until il enters the Gulf of Mexico, in lat. 29° 40' 4V' N., long. Sio 35' W. In low stages of water it h;is 4 feet of water on the bar at its mouth. Its entire length is about 3G0 m. It is navigable 150 ra., and furlhfT up for keel boats. Its upper p()rlions water the most hilly parts of the Slate, and have a rapid current. Along Sabine co. it is generally 100 yards wide, and from G to S feci deep. In its lower course it pusses through a sandy tract of land. Sabine City, p. v., JelTersnn co., Tex. : at the outlet of the lake so called, about 10 m. from the Gulf, 239 m. E. by S. Austin City. The harbor is excellent, admitting vessels drawing 9 feet of water. The trade of the settlements on the Sabine, Ncclu'S, and tributaries will no doubt centre here, and in a few years it will rank with impurlance among the cities of the republic. Sabinesvillk, p, o., Tioga co., Feim. : 101 m. N. by "W. Ilarrisburg. Sabine Town, p. v., Sabine co., Tex. : on the right bank of the river so called, below the confluence of Palo Gacho bayou, 257 m. E. N. E. Austin City. Sabauouoly, p. v., Yallabusha co.. Miss. : near a fork of the Taltabusha r., 109 m. N. by E. Jackson. Sable cape, I'lor. : the most southerly point of the main- land of the peninsula, in lat. 24P 50' N., and long. 81° 15' W. On it is situated Fort Poinsett. Sable river, S. Y. See Au Sable river. Sabula. p. v., Jackson co., la.: near the Mississippi r., 74 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. Sac county, /(/. Situate toward the N. "W., and contains 576 sq. ra. Drained by Soldier and Boyer rivers, tributaries of Missouri r. Surface generally level ; soil fertile. Set off since ls50. 743 Sac river, Mo. : rises in Lawrence and Greene counties, flows N., and enters Osage r. in St. Clair county. Sacandaga river. A' Y. : rises in several small lakes in Hamilton county, and after a winding E. course, enters Hudson r. opposite Luzerne village, "Warren county. Saccauappa, p. v. and sta.. Cumberland co., Me. : on the Presumpscot r. and York and Cumbcrlaiul II. R., 7 m. from Portland, 54 m. S. by E. Augusla. Great water-power is here afforded, and improved by numemus saw-mills, etc., and a large brick colton-mill, containing 104 looms and 2,900 spindles. Saoklt's, p. o., Macomb county, Mic/t, : S4 m. E. by S. Lansing. Saokett's Harbor, p. v. and port of entry, Jefferson en., i^ 1'. ; on Black Piiver bay, at E. end of Lake Ontario, 154 m. N. W. Albany. Lat. 43^ 55' N., long. 750 57' W. This harbor is one of the best and most secure on the lake, and was an important naval station during the last war with Great Britain. On 2Sth May, 1S13, a sharp contest here took place between the American and British forces, result- ing in Ilie defeat of the British ; and subsequently another, on .30th May, 1S14, with the same success. During the war the v. increased with great rapidity, and at its close expe- rienced a decline, from which it has now fully recovered. In 1S14 the T'nited States government here commenced the erection of the Madison Barracks, which consist of three extensive slone barracks, hospital, commissary's store-house, guard-house, and other buildings, affording accommodation for 2,000 troops, occupying a lot of about 40 acres, fronting on the bay. In the military burying grounds attached to the barracks is a monument to the brave General Pike, who fell on the N. frontier during the last war. The government has also a ship-yard and ship-houses, in one of which the New Orleans, a 110 gun ship, commenced during the war, remains upon the stocks. The v., incorporated in 1814, has considerable manufac- tures, and trade by the lake and the river SL Lawrence. A good water-power has been obtained by the construction of a canal from the Black r., a distance of 12 m., executed by the citizens at a cost of .$25,000, and affording a fall of 30 feet, improved by various mills, machine shops, etc. There are 3 churches. 1 bank — cap. $2('0,000, 4 hotels, 2 furnaces, etc. The "S. H. Observer'* (whig) is issued weekly. A railroad is in construction, to connect at Pierrepont with the Watertown and Rome E. K. On 30th June, 1850, the ton- nage of Sacketrs Harbor district was 8,124 tons, all of which was enrolled and licensed, permanent, and employed in the coasting trade. During the year preceding the number of clear.-inces for foreign ports was 259-142,799 tons ; No. of entrances do.. 279 — 158,t69 tons; of all which tonnage about ten-elevenths was American. Vessels built during ihe year, none. During the year 1S49 the value of the amount of trade of this port with Canada alone was — im- ports. $2G.5fi4; exports, $2G,44G— total, $53,010. Saco, I. p. v., and port of entry, York co., Me. : on N. side of Saco r., 67 m. S. S. "W. Augusta. Lat. 43^ 31' N.. long. HP 2G' W. By Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth It. i;.. 13 m. from Portland, 3S miles from Portsmouth ; and thence by Eastern E. R., 92 m. from Boston. The surface of the t. is somewhat uneven, and abounds with romantic and beaull- ful scenery. It has fine interval Ijuid on the r., by wliich it is well drained, and is also watered by several small streams flowing from an immense bog. called the Heath, on one of which is a fine waterfall of Gii feet, surrounded by wild scenery. From the mouth i»f the r. a fine beach ex- tends along Ihe shore about 5 miles to the E., called Old Orchard Beach, which is of considerable resort in surntner. Another fine beach, of less extent, connects Fletcher's Neck with the nuiin land, on which is a tavern. Saco v. is situ- ated about S m. (Vom the mouth of the r, at the falls, where is a descent of 42 feet, presenting a beautiful appearance and affording great water-power, and which has been ex- tensively improved. Just below the falls is a fine basin, SAC SAD wlu-re vessels take in their cargtx-s. Tlic fmMnrirs cnnsisl of 9 large cotton-mills, 1 i\0(tlen-mill. nuinernus suw-iuilta, and various mechanical eslablishmrnlj". The York Manu- facluring C'o. have a capital of $1,000,000, nianufacliiring coloref eoiton. The Sano AYater-Power Co. have a capital of .$-2,00i 1,000. The Uiinber business is very extensive, was comnionci-d at a very early period, and for a long time was by far Ihe chief business oti Saco r. The v. contains 2 banks, willi aggre- gate capital of $175,000, savings' iribtilutioii, insurance cum- piiny. an academy, some handsome churches, etc. The "Maine Democrat" and "The Union" (whig) are i.'wued weekly. The total tonnage of Saeo dislrirt on 30th June, ISM, w;i3 2.T23 tons. The registered tonnage was 1,070 tons, consisting of 330 tons permanent, and 1,'JIO tons tem- porary. The enrolled and licensed tonnage was 1,153 tons, all permanent, employed as follows: coasting trade, 602 tons ; cod fishery, 303 tons ; mackerel fislien,-, 24.S tons. During the fiscal year preceding, the number of clearances for foreign countries was 4 — i9G tons; No. of entrances do.. 2— 213 Ions. Vessels built during the year— 1 ship. I.OIS tons. pop. of town in 1S30, 3.219; in 1S40, 4.40S; in In")!). ' 5,794. The v. of Biddeford, on the S. side of the r.. in IJid- dt'ford I., is connected with Saco by bridges, and closely uniti-d with it in business relations, and at a little distance Uie two villages appear as one settlement. Saco river. A\ BaiKp. and Me. : is formed in the "Wliite Mountains, N. Ilamp., from three small head branches, Ihe most N. of which rises within a few rods of Ihe source of Ammoniiosuc r., which flows "W. to Conneelieiit river. The Saco, in its general course, flows S. S. E., and empties into Saco l):iy of the Atlantic. It enters Me. in Fryeburg t., and in Cornish I, receives Ossipee r., Ihe outlet of Ossipee lake. Its entire length is about 160 m. It is much broken in its course by falls, preventing navigation, but affording great wivler-power. The princi])al falls are in Me., 4 in nutnber, viz.. Great Falls, at Hiram, 72 feet; Steep Falls, at Liming- ton,20feet; Salmon Falls, at HolMs and liuxton. 30 feet; and Saeo Falls, at Saeo, 42 feet. Pine limber abounds upon its lianks, furnishing supplies for numerous saw-mills. The ordinary rise of the water, in the spring, is from 10 to 15 feet, but is much higher in freshets, when the r. and its fulls present a very grand appearance. S.vn:AMENTo county, Calif. Situate centrally, and con- tains 1,000 sq. m. Drained by American r. on the N., and Cosumes and Mokelumne rivers on the S., all affluenis of the Sacramento, which on the AV. forms its boundary. Sur- face varied — in the E. somewhat mountainous. In 1S52 there were invested in quartz raining $124.1G5, in placer mining $S0,S0S, and in other mining operations $169.S50 ; in live-stock $1,3:35,69?, in farming, etc., $1,773,325, and otherwise $5,358,394. It is one of the richest counties in the Stale. Pop.— wh. 11,196. negroes 240, nudattoe* 99, In- dians SO, Chinese S04, etc.— total 12.5S9. Ofplhil: Sacra- mento City. Sacramento, p. 0.. Marquette county, Wise. : 57 m. N. Madison. Saci'.amf.nto river, C0 yarpMrlinurd to [he duralinn of the r;iiii i-r im-lting of the snows. It is generally well aJapIed to agricultural puri)osc3. Saci:a.mento City, p. v.. and cap. Sacramento co.. Calif. : on the Sacramento r., at the mouth of American r., in lat. 3S0 31/ 12" N., and long. 121'^ 20' OS" W., about iOO m. N. E. San Francisco and 75 m. N. E. Yallejo. Its site is a low, level plain and is naturally overflowed in the rainy season. To prevent as far as possible this inundation, a levee has been eon>trncli-d on the river banks. It was formerly called ''New Helvetia," and is laid out in right angles, on the site of. and embraces Ihe celebruti--d '" Sutte/''6 Fort.''^ The streets nmnitig E. and W. are designated by the letters of the alphabet, atid those running N. ami S by the numerals. The original lorest trees still stand in the lown,_and give it a pieluresque appearance, and many ot the streets are lined with oaks and sycamores 6 feel in di- ameter. It is a level and pleasantly situated place, embra- cing a square of about a mile and a half to the side, and derives its name from Ihe river so called. From a tort and its oulbuddings, which a few years since constituteil the whole inhabited tenements, it has suddenly beconto a flour- ishing city, ami is the grand dep6t for the supply of al! the northern mines. In April, 1649, there were 4 houses in the place. The original price of emhareadero, or river lots, was $500. they now command as many thousands. Every thing indicates tliat this place has received an impetus which other localities will find it diflicull. if not imjio^sihle, to retard. According to the census of iSoif, Sacramento City contained 823 stores of varimis kinds, (j5 blacksnnlh shops, 6 steam-mills. 5 soda and synip manufaelories. 2 breweries. SO clothing stores, S cabinet shops, S livery sta- bles, about 150 eating sali>ons and hotels— some of the latter of the most costly description; also 90 physicians, 70 law- yers, 6 churches — 1 Episcopal. 1 Presbyterian, 3 Methodist (1 colored), and 1 Baptist. A Roman Caiholie. church is in course of eree(ipulaIion all been in the city, the number would not have fallen much short of 12,000, while in the country there are about 3,000 citizens. Out of the wlinle number there are butl,460 females ofall kinds, grades, and complex- ions. Tlie banks of the river in the vicinity furnish one of Ihe best farming regions in the State, though the crops on the low lands are exposed to great ravages from the period- ical floods. The gold y Saddle r. on tlie E. and Passaic r. on the S. Surface in some parts mountainous, but level on the E. between Passaic and Saddle rivers ; soil red shale and loam, fertile in the valleys and well cultivated ; watered by the aforesaid rivers and several brooks. It con- tains a few mills and ston-s. The inhabitants are chiefly devoted to agriculture. Pop. SIG. Sadsbitkyville, p. v., Chester co., Penn. : 57 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Saegeestown, p. v., Crawford co., Peym. : on the E. side orFrench cr.,and on the proposed line of the Pittsburg and Erie K. P.-, 194 m. N. AV. Ilarrisburg. Saegi'-bsville, p. v., Lehigh co., J'enn.: 75 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Safe Harbor, p. v., Lancaster co., Peiin.: on the left side of Susquehanna r., near the mouth of Conestoga cr., 34 m. S. E. Ilarrisburg. There is a furnace hi;re, having an annual capacity ol 5,000 tuns, and a rolling-inill, which in 1S50 made o,5G7 tons rails, both moved by steam. Sagauauock, Jle.: the ancient name of a section of country at, and E. of the mouth of Kennebec r., deriving its name from the settlement of a colony, in a locality called Sagadahock, at the mouth uf the Kennebec, in lOuT. This name is still much used to designate the Kennebec, or more particularly that portion of it below the confluence of the Androscoggin. Sace Hill, p. c, Graves county, K//.: 220 m. S. "W. Frankfort. Sageville, p. 0., Hamilton co., K Y. : 79 m. N. N. W. Albany. Sageville, p. v., Lauderdale co., jifiss. : on W. side of Chickasawha r., 85 m. E. Jackson. Sag Uakbob, p. v. and port of entry, Suffolk co., Ti. T. : on an excellent harbor so called, between Gardiner's and Great Peconic bays, 92 m. E. by N. New York city, 141 m. S. E. Albany. First settled in 1730, and incorporated iu 1S03. The site is sandy and sterile. It suffered severely by a fire in 1845, but was soon rebuilt in a better manner than before. It contains 4 churches, an extensive clock factory, several mills, 1 bank, cap. $20,000, a dry-dock for repairing vessels, and numerous stores. The " Corrector" is published semi-weekly and weekly. Considerable quantities of salt are manufactured in this vicinity by evaporation of sea- water in the open air. This place is extensively engaged in the whale and other fislieries. The return cargoes are chiefly taken to New York and other porls. In 1S49, the imports here received, were 1,791 gallons .sperm, and 37,379 gallons whale oil ; and 1SG,400 lbs, whalebone. The total tonnage of this district on 30th June, 1S50, was 15,166 tons ; consisting of 10,954 tons in registered tonnage, and 4,213 tons in enrolled and licensed tonnage. The rcffistercd tonnage was all permanent, of winch there was in the whale fishery 2,575 tons. The enrolled and licensed tonnage consisted of 3,776 tons pcrmanendy employed in the coasting trade, and 62 tons in the cod fishery ; besides 874 tons " licensed under 20 tons'' (319 Ions in coasting trade, 55 tons in cod fishery); of all which, 12S tons were pro- pelled by steam. During the year preceding, it had no foreign commerce. Vessels built during the year, 3 (1 brig, 2 schooners) — 119 tons. Pop. 3,650. Saginaw county, 3fich. Situate E. centrally, in the peninsula, and contains 1,048 sq. m. Drained by the Sag- inaw, Shiawassee, Flint, Tittibawassee, and Cass rivers. Surface level ; soil a rich loam, of a sandy nature, on a 744 substratum of clay. In the E. and S. 1'^., pine limber cuv- rs tin- laud to a great extent, about one-Ihird of Ihf c<>. being forest. Limestone and Gypsum are found on the bay. in ihe N. ^V. j)art The chief products are wheat, Indian fV7t. : a branch of Lake Huron, on its W. side, near the middle, setting into the mainland iti S. W. direction from the lake. It is about 60 m. long, and 30 m. wide, and contains a number of islands. It is navigable for vessels of .any burden, and its numerous coves afford some of the best harbors on the lake. It receives :?aginaw river. Saginaw river, Mich.: is formed in Saginaw co., by the confluence of several large Iribularius, of which the principal are, Cass r. from the E., Flint and Shiawasse r. from the S., and Tittibawassee r. from the N. "\V, The length of the Saginaw, from Flint r., where it commences, to ils mouth, is about 30 m. Its general course is N. E., emptying into the head of Saginaw bay. It varies in depth from 25 to 30 feet, and has a somewhat sluggish current. Below Saginaw city is a sand b.ar which has ordinarily 5 or 6 feet depth of water, but a N. E. wind frequently cumulates water to 6 feet in depth. Sago, p. o., Lewis co., Tirg. : 1S9 m. N. W. Kiehraond. Sail Creek, p. o., Hamilton county, Tvnn.: luS m. S. E. Nashville. Sailoi'.'s Kest, p. v., Montgomery co., Tetui. : on W. side of Yellow cr., 47 m. W. by N. Nashville. Saint Albans, j). v., Hancock co., Id. : on the border of a swamp, S7 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Saint Albans, t. and p. v., Somerset o.. Me.: 47 m, N. by E. Augusta. This is a good township, having fertile soil adapted to grain. It contains a large and beautiful pond, the outlet of which, Indian stream, affords water-power, and is a branch of Sebasticook river. Incorporated in 1S13. It contains two pleasant villages. In the L are several mills and stores, an academy, and some manufactories. Pop. of t. in 1830, 911 ; in 1840, 1,564; in 1S50, 1,792. Saint Albans, t., p. v., sta., and cap. Franklin co.. Verm. ; on Lake Champlain, 45 m. N. W. by N. Monlpelier; by Vermont Central K. K. 57 in. from Monfpelier, 134 in. from Windsor, 23 m. from House's Point. Surface moderately uneven ; soil fertile loam, and well cultivated. Drained by a small creek. First settled about 17S5. The v. is 3 m. E. of the lake, on elevated ground, commanding a fine pros- pect. It is surrounded by a fertile back country, has con- siderable manufactures, and a large business from its water communications with New York and Canada. It contains many handsome buildings, court-house, jail, on a handsome public square, 30 by 25 rotls, an academy, 3 churches, and 1 bank, capital $50,000. The '■ St. Albans Messenger" (whig) is issued weekly, and the " Northern Advertiser" (advert.) monthly. The port of the v. and t. is at St. Alban's bay. Pop. of t. in 1S30, 2,395; in 1840, 2.702; in 1850, 3,5G7. St. Alban's Bay, p. o., Franklin co., Venn.: on Lake Champlain, 4G m. N. "W. by N. Montpelier. Here is a good landing-place, with a wharf anci'several store-housts, also a bank, with capital of $I0O,OiK). SAI SAI Saint A>"DnE\vs, p. o., Orange co., X )'. ; -rl m. S.by W. Aib.'iny. tf AiNT A.vPKEw'a b.iy and sounil. Flor. : on S. coast, in "W. p:in of the State, clik'tly in Washington ro. Its nuiin body sot3 np N. 12 m., wilii an avora2:e widlli of from i.' to 5 in. ; an E. arm extends parallel with the coast 'M) in., from 1 to 10 m. wide; wliile another similarly extends \V. 'iO m., separated from the gulf by a beach 1 ra. wide. The bay is easy of access, has IS feet of water on the bar, ani\: on theE. side of the Mississippi. 15 m. by water and S by land above St. Paul. It is laid out opjiosite and above the falls, and is a beautiful town site. A handsome elevated prairie, with a gentle inclination to the r. bank, and of suflieieiit widtli for several parallel streets, extends indefinitely up and down the river. In the rear of this another tat)le-iand swells up some 30 feet high, forming a beautiful and elevated plateau. The houses are mostly frame built, and among them is numbered a large and well-furnished hotel tor sum- mer travelers. This place has good prospects. The sup- plies for Fort Gaines, etc., create considerable traffic and travel both by land and water, and the return traffic -onsists of furs and peltries, with other Indian contributions. Top, iulSSO, 535. Saint Armand, t. and p. o., Essex county, K. Y.: 119 m. N. by W. Albany. Drained by Saranac r., and Placin, 49 m. N. N. E. Annai>olis. Saint BEiiNARn parish. La. Situate S. E.. and contains 5C2 sq. m. Drained by Uayou Cheronese and iis branclieg. Surface level and swampy; soil various, owing (otlie diver- sity of the surface; in tliose portions where it is not too wet for cultivation, anil the tillage attended to, it is very fertile. Chief products, sugar, rice, cotton, and Indian corn. It is bounded on the E. by the Gulf of Mexieo, and n>r some dis- tance below New Orleans includes both l>anks of ih'^ Mis- sissip])i. Farms 34; manuf 0; dwell. 253. and pi'p. — M'h. 1.400. fr. col. 73, si. 3,323— total 3,802. Ciqjitnl : Terre anx Bwufs. Saint Blas cape, Flor.: a narn>w beach, bounding SI. Joseph's bay on the W., 25 m. W, Apalaehicola. Saint Catmaiunf.'s isl.-md, Gf the boundary between the L'niled States and the British prov- ince of New Brunswick. It is also sometimes called Ptis- samaquoddy, Cheputnctecook, and Schoodic ; but the latter name is now generally given to the "W. branch of the St. Croix, flowing from the Schoodic lakes. The St. Croix rises in Grand lake, which is connected with Cheputnele- cook lake. It leaves the latter lake 54i m. from its mouth, at an elevation of 3S2J feet above tide-water. It has several sets of falls of considerable height, which afford great water- power. At the confluence of Schoodic r., 20^ m. from its mouth, it has an elevati(»n of 166 feet above tide-water. Its total descent, in reaching sea level, is 444 feet. It is navi- gable for large vessels to Calais, 12 m., where it is crossed by a bridge. Saint Croix lake and river. Wise. : rises in Upper St. Croix lake, in La Pdinle county, and there receives several large head branehes, of which the principal is tlic Narneka- gon r. It flows S. W. until it reneives Kinebek or Snake r., and thence its general course is southerly until it empties into the Mississippi at Prescot v. About 30 m. above its moulh it widens into an expanse called St. Croix lake, which is li to 3 m. wide until near its moulh. The river is navigable for steamboats about SO m., and for boats about 200 miles. Sainteield, p. 0., Muskingum county, Ohio: 52 in. E Columlius. Saint Fkanois county. Mo. Situate toward the S. E., and contJiins 469 sq. m. Drained by head branches of St. Francis and Big rivers. Surface hilly, and in iho W. mountainous; soil gener.illy ferlile. This is a spl.ndid mineral region, and ihe county ciintains the celebrated Iron Mountain, and Pilot Knob ; these consist of micaceous ox- SAI SAI Me (if irun, the whole top being oue solid sheet. The ore yields 60 per cent, of pig metal, and 11k* quantity altogether is estimated at about 600,000,000 of tons, enough to supply the world for a century. Oilier minerala are found. Farms 437; manuf. 11 ; dwell. 704, and pop.— wh. 4,233, fr. col. 51, si. 6S0— total 4,904. Capital : Farmingtou. Puhlic Works : Iron Mountain E. E. Saint Francis county, Ark. Situate toward the "£.£, and contains 1,011 sq. ni. Drained by Cat-he r., and branches of St. Francis r., which runs on ita E. border. Surface in general level ; soil ferlile, and adaj)ted to grain. There is some tine timber on the land. Farms 34s; manuf. — ; dwell. 04:3, and pop.— wh. 3,770, fr. cul.2, si. 707— total 4,479. C'itpiPil: Mount Vernon. Saist Francis, p. v., St. Francis co., Ark.: on the "W. side of the river so called, 90 m. E. N. E. Little Rock. Saint Francis river, Mo. and Ark. : rises in SL Francis county, Missouri, flows S., and enters Arkansas, where it re- ceives Whitewater river, a large branch which rises in Missouri, and for a long distance flows nearly parallel to it. It enters the Mississippi in IMiilip's co,, and is navigable in high water nearly 200 m. It passes Ihrougii many lakes and swamps, but its waters are very clear, and abound with fine fi?h. Saint Fraxcisville, p. v., Lawrence co., lU. : on the right bank of the Wabash r., 133 m. S. E. of Springfield. It is surrounded by a ferlile and well timbered country. Saint Fbancisville, p. v., and cap. West Feliciana par.. La.: on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 30 m. above Baton Kouge. A great portion of the town is built on the plain, along the river, but the greater part is on a beautiful bill, immediately back, comriundcaling with the Mississippi by the bayou Sara, and conlains many fine buildings. It is a considerable place of trade, and has a number of extensive warehouses. The descending boats make this a stopping-place, and here also is the depot of a railmad run- ning to Woodville (Mississippi), by which large quantities of cotton are brought from the plantations in the interior. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Saint Francisville, p. v., Clark county, Mo.: on the W. aide of I)es Moines r., 13'2 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Saint Genevieve county, Mo. Situate E. toward the S., and contains 433 sq. m. Drained by Au Vase and Establish- ment rivers, affluents of Mississippi river, which forms its N. E. boundary. Surface undulaling; in some parts it is hilly and broken ; soil generally fertile, the river bottoms being excellent land and very productive, while the uplands are more fit for pasture. It contains minerals, among whit-h are iron and lead ores. Farms 425; manuf. 10; dwell. S14, ami pop.— wh. 4,030, fr. col. 01, si. GIO— total 5,313, Capi- ial : St. Genevieve. Saint Gene\ieve. p. v., and cap. Sf. Genevieve co.. Mo. : on the right bank of Uie Mississippi r., opposite the island 60 called, 62^ m. bejow St. Louis, 117 m. E. S. E. -lefTerson City. It is pleasantly located on a healthy spot, and is a considerable place of business, particularly in the article of lead, considerable quantities of which, as well as iron and copper, exist in the neighborhood. The v. is built on Ga- bourie cr., a small stream, which issometimes boatable. It contains a court-house, jail, academy. Catholic church, con- vent, and female academy. The "St. Genevieve Democrat" and the " Pioneer" (dem.) are both weekly issues. Tiie in- habitants are chiefly of French origin. Below here is a prairie of great fertility, 6,000 acres in extent, fenced and well cultivated. Pop. 71S. Saint George, t. and p. c, Chittenden co., Yer^n.: 8 m. S. E. Burlington, 28 m. W. N. W. Montpelier. Pop. 147. Saint George, t. and p. c, Lincoln co.. Me.: 8S m. S. E. Augusta, on a peninsula formed by the Atlantic Ocean on the E. and S., and Muscongus bay on the W. IncorpiH). Saint George's, p. o. and sta.. Colli'ton district. S. Car.: on tlie W. side of a brani-h of Edislo r.. and on the South Carolina li. 11., 13 m. N. W. Charleston, anil 03 m. N. by W. Columbia. Saint Helen, p. v., Ceiiar co., Mo. : on the right bank of Sac r., li'5 m. S. W. Jefterson City. Saint 1Iei.es, p. o., Washington county, Ore(/. Ter.: on W. bank of Columbia r., 01 m. N. by E. Salem. Saint Helena parish. La. Situate N. in the E. part of the State, and contains 5'20 sq. m. Drained by Tickfau r. and its branches in the central portion, and tributaries of Amitie r. in the W. Surface uneven and brr cultivulion. that portion lying along the streams only being ferlile; this, with culti- vation, proves productive, and \ields large quantities of rice, sugar, and coiloii, whiidi form ihe leading arlieles of com- nu-n-e. ll is bounded on tin- N. E. by Lake I'ontchartrain. Farms 102 • manuf. 1 1 ; tlwell. 530, and p-.p.— wh. 2.550, fr. 747 SAI SAT col. 191, si. 4.540— total 7.:31T. Capital: Bonnet Carre. JPuUic WorA-^i: New Orlfans, Opclousas. and Texas 11. li. Saint John's county, Flor. Situate N. E., and contains 809 ^q. m. Drained by St. John's r. and its branches, and North r. Surface generally Icvid ; soil very fertile in many parts, and In others being loo low for cultivation. Chief jiroiliu'tions, cotton, sugar, Indian corn, oranges, cilrons, lemons, and vegetables of tlifTtTent kinds. On the St. John's rivt-r large quantities of live-oak- are found. Farms 34; manuf. 7; dwell. 321, and pop.— wh. 1,417, fr. col. 115, si. 99:i— total 2.525. Otpitnl: St. Augustine. Sai.nt John's, p. o., Auglaize county, Ohio: 75 m. N. W. Columbus. Saint John's, TJ. S. collection district, Flor. : embracing St. John's r. and vicinity, had. on SOtii June.lSoO, a tomiage of 310 tons enrolled and licensed, permanent, and employed in tin coasting trade, of whicli Si) tons were propelled by steam, with no foreign commerce or ship-building. Saint John's river, /'/w.; this large river rises in an immense marsh in Orange co. Its general course is N. and parallel with the coast until, in Duval co., it turns suddenly to the E. and eniplirs into the Atlantic. Its entire length is about 2rjO m. Its wiiith varies greatly, from 4 m. to 3, and even 5 ni. In the first part of its course, 150 m. from its mouth, it flows through Lake George, 20 m. long and 6 m. wide; and on leaving that lake receives a very large stream, its main tributary, the Ocklawaha r. At its moulh it is 1 m. wide, and has 12 feet of water on the bar. A light-house is there erectetl. Vessels drawing 8 feet water can navigate it as far as Lake George and Dunn's lake, as also those lakes. Saint John's river, Me. : rises by several branches in the N. part of Somerset co., one of which (the N. W.) extends into Canada. It flows N. and E. until it reaches the N. boundary of the State, and thence constitutes the boundary line until it reaches the E. boundary line, in about lat. 47° N., when it passes into the province of New Brunswick, and flows with l)road stream, in irregular course, S. and E. into the Bay of Fundy. Its entire length is about 3n0 m. Tlie tide flows up about SO m., through which distance it is navigable for sloops of 50 tons. It is navigable for boats, with the exception of two sh* irl portages, nearly to its source. By the late treaty with Great Britain its navigation is free to both nations. Saint JoHNsnuRT, t.,p. v., and sta., Caledonia co., Venn. ; 32 m. K. N. E. Moiitpelier. Surface uneven; soil fertile. Watered by Passumpsic r. and its tributaries, which afford great water-power. Chartered in 17SG ; first settler;ich. its W. inclosure. It is 20 m. long, about !? m. wide, with a broad entrance from the N. W., having 17 feet of water on the bar. and another deep channel near the peninsula. Saint Joseph's island, in the Straits of St. Mary. 36 miles N. E. Mackinaw, 20 m. long, S m. broad, dividing the pas- sage into 2 channels neaMy equal in extent, etc., Uirongh the S. one of which the U. S. boundary p.isses. Saint Joseimi's river, Mich. : rises in the N. E. part of Hillsdale co., flows E,, and after a broad S. bend, in which it enters Indiana, it proceeds N. W. until it enters Lake Mich- igan at St. Joseph. In length and volume of water it is the second river in Michigan, being about 250 miles long in its entire course, but not more than 150 m. in direct line. It is navigable for keel boats to Lockport, 130 m. At its mouth is a saniibar with G feet of water, but within is a gr>od har- bor, which, with a pier, easily accommodates all vessels in the lake navigation. It receives many tribuliiries. and affords consiiMic M'orks.: New Orleans, Opclousaa, and Texas K. E. Sai>t Lawrenck county, M Y. Situale N. toward the E., and contains 2,717 sq. m. Drained by Grass, I'.acket, St. Kegis, Oswegatchie, and Indi.an rivers, aHluents of the St. Lawrence river, which for a considerable distance malies its N. W. bouiKlary. These supply navigation and good w.ater-power. Surface much diversified, but in general level ; soil fertile, in the S. E. it is adapted to grazing, the land being mounlain.ius. Chii'f products wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Lend and iron ore is found extensively, and marble of excellent iiuality. It has many laltes, whicil add a beauty to the scenery of the surrounding couiilry. Farms 6.124; maiiuf. 45i5 ; dwell. 11,704, and pop.— wh. C-.57S, fr. col. 86— total 6S,6U. Cu/ntal : Canton, rublic Worts: Xorthem (Ogdensburg) K. It.; Watcrlown and Northern Junction It. E. ; I'tica and French Creeli K. K. ; Amsterdam and rotsdam li. li. Saint Lawkknl'e, p. v., Chatham Co., N. Car. : on N. Bide of Eock r., 45 m. W. Raleigh. Sai.vt Lawkesce, p. 0., Jefferson county, iV; Y.: 145 m. N. W. Alliany. Saint Lawrence river, Cnited States and Canada : this rery large and important river is the outlet of Lake Ontario, and of the other great lakes. Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior, and is the main artery to tlie heart of the Amer- ican continent, lis length from Lake Ontario to the W. end of Ihe island of Anticosti is .about 6611 miles, and to the Gulf of St. Law rence about 7S0 miles. The continued navigation afforded by its conneclion with the lakes is over 2,000 miles. It forms the boundary between the United States and Canada until it arrives 1 m. N. of the 46tli degree of N. lat. Its breadth varies, but has on the whole an increase in ils descent, especially below Quebec, until at the W. end of An- ticosti island it is about 100 miles wide. It is navig.able to Quebec (420 m. from the Gulf of St. Lawrence) for ships of the line, and for ships of 600 tons to Montreal. From Quebec to Montreal il has an average breadth of 2 m. The distance from Montreal to Lake Ontario is about 200 miles. This river is tlie natural course for direct commerce from the N. portion of North America with Europe. It runs almost upon a line of the great circle of the globe, upon which is pl.aced the largest population of Ihe world, that of Europe ami Asia, and the great food-producing region of America ; and hence upon this line is the shortest possible distance between the great centres of Asiatic, European, and the future American populatiim. The approximative sailing distances from the principal rivals in the western trade of Noith America to Liverpool are : Miles From Quebec, by the Straits of Bellisle and North of Ireland 3,000 « " bySt.Paul-s 3,;ioo " New York 3,475 " NewOrleans 5,300 * The population of the St. Lawrence valley in 1?dO, inclod- irig Canada, wa.s at least 4,000,000. The natural amount of commerce on this river is now greatly lessened by the re- strictions imposed by Great Britain. SAI Saikt Leoeb, p. 0., Ozark CO., Mo. : 12S m. S. Jefferson City. Saint Leon Ann's, p. v., Calvert co,. Mil.: between the creek so called and Cliesai)eake bay, 34 m. S. Annapolis. Saint Loiius county, 3fii. Situate E., and contains 6S5 sq. m. Drained by Maramec r. and other tribularies of the Mississippi, which forms its E. boundary, and by branches of Missouri r., which runs on its W. border. Surface undu- laling ; soil fertile, and consists of a line deep mold, with saial and clay intermixed. Farms 1,294; manuf. 1,409; dwell. 13,430, and pop.— wh. 97,.')77, fr. col. 1,434, si. 5.96T -total 104,973. C(/;<;«(i«.- St. Louis. J'uhlio Wortti: Paciflo E. E. ; St. Louis anil Northern E. K. ; Iron Mountain E. E. Saint Louis, p. cily, port of entry, and cap. St. Louis Co., Mo. : on the W. bank of the Mississippi r., on the first bluff, 20 m. S. of the contluenee of the Missouri r., and in lat. SSO ;17' 25" N., and long. 90° 15' 16' W. The distances by river course fi-om New Orleans are 1,210 m. ; from the falls of St. Anthony, 863 in.; from St. Paul, B22 m.; from Galena, 39.5 m. ; from Alton, 22 m.; from Pittsburg, 1,189 m. ; from Cincin- nati. 705 m. ; from Louis\ ille and Jcirersonviile, 564 in. ; from mouth of Ohio r.,170 m. ; from Council Bluffs, 6>7 iii.; from Fort Leavenwortli, 413 m.; from Independence, 371 m. ; and from Jefferson Cily, 157 m. It is the great commercial dep6t of the Upper Mississippi, the Ohio, and the Missouri, and their numerous tribularies, furnishing connected water- ways of upward of 8,000 in., and passing through countries rich beyond description in mineral, vegetable, forest, and animal products, and requiring for the support of their in- habitants a vast amount of manufactures and productions of foreign countries and the sea-board Slates. Next to New Orleans' it is the principal port on tlie Mississippi, and among western cities, is second ouly to Cincinnati iu pop- ulatitm and wealth. St. Louis occujiies the geographical centre of the Missis- sijipi Valley. Its advantages, as a commercial dep6t, can nol be excelled, and the resources of its immediate vicinity in Missouri are immense. In a circuit of less than 90 m. frc.m the city, ir coal, lead, and probably copper, are sufli- ciently abundant to supply the Union for indefinite ages, and of this region St. Louis is the only outlet. Capital alone is wanted to develop these womkrful riches. Nor is this all; the country around is a magnificent agricullural district, yielding abundantly of all the staples of the latitude, and tit this poTnt the hunter, the miner, and overland emigrant, take in their supplies before setting out on their various adventures. The locality was first settled in 1764. The site is elevated many feet above the fl.iod-marks of the Mississippi, and is favored in this respect iu salubrity. It rises from the river by two plateaux ; Ihe first, the alluvial bottom, is 20 feet abovc'the highest flooil, and the second, a limestone bank, to the level of the back country, is 40 feet higher than the first, extending away to the horizon. The ascent from the river to the first plain is rather abrupl, but to the upper ter- race it is more gradual, and from its highest elevation com- mands a grand'prospect of the lower city, and the country on every side. As originally planned, the city occupied only the first terrace, and consisted of three narrow streets, parallel with the river, but after its growth commenced, which was sub- sequent to its coming into the possession of the Americans, it soon exp.anded lis limils, and encroached upon the pla- teau above. The streets in the newer portion are wide, and laid out at right angles. To the north and south of the cily, which iUself extends some two miles along the river, exten- sive suburbs have been laid out on the same plan. The cily reaches back nearly three miles. Front Street, on the river bank, is built up of substantial stone warehouses, which have an imposing appearance, and are generally appropriated to heavy businesses. The street immediately behind this is the |.rincipal seat of the wholesale dry goods business, although this and the grocery business .are nol 749 SAI SAI Ci.urdies. Ko. Seats. V.-ilne. Unitarian .2. .2,100. .$70,000 Evanffel. . .2. . 6lW. . 4,700 Baplisl 2. .1,000. 83,000 Boatman's. 1. . 600. . 15,000 Jews 2. . 470. . 7,000 confined altogether to these localities. The city is generally well built of lirick chiefly, and sometimes of stone, the lime- stone of tlie ni'ighborhood furnitihing abundance of matf rial. Many of the nsidences, hotels, etc, are magnificent and costly structures, and in the new city the private dwellings are mostly surrounded by garden plots and ornamental shrubberj'. The whole area of the city covers about S6 sq. m., about fiue-tenth of which is thickly built upon. The principal public buildings are those appropriated to the county business, as the court-house, jail, and offices; the municipal buildings, as the City Hall, courts, markets, etc. ; the churches, literary institutions, schools, and ohurit- able foundations. The Court-liouse is an elegant building, situate on a public square, near the centre of the city. The City Hall, tlie basement of which is used as a market, is on a square at the foot of Market Street, anf Indian antiquities, etc. According to the census of 1S.50, there were within the city 44 common schools, with 2,S47 pupils; 15 private schools, with 2,37S pupils; 9 Roman Catholic schools, with 1,356 pupils ; a CatlioHc col- lege, with 250 pupils ; two medical schools, with 14 profes- sors, and 262 students. St. Louis is also the site of a United States arsenal, and a few miles below the city are -Tefferson Barraeks, with accommodations for a garrison of 700 men. The oflBce of the Land District of St. Louis is located here, and also the office of the survey or- general. The city is supplied with water from the river, which is raised by a steam-engitie into a reservoir upon the summit of an ancient mound, and is thence distributed through iron idpes. The streets and public buildings are generally lighted with gas, which is supplied by a company. The public press of St. L-ouis consists of 7 daily, 3 tri- weekly, 1 send-weekly, and 13 weekly newspapers, and 6 monthly periodicals. The "St. Louis Times*' is issued in 7S0 daily, tri-weekly, and weekly editions; the "St. L. Intelli- gencer," daily and weekly; the *' Organ and lieveilie," daily and weekly ; the " St. L. Republican," daily, tri-weekly, and weekly ; the ** St. L. Union,"' daily, tri-weekly, and weekly ; "Die "Wochentliche Anseiger des Westens," daily; "Die ■Wochlentliche Deutscbes Tribune," daily ; the " St. L. Price Current," the '' Union Banner," the " American Banner,'' the *' Shejjherd of the Yalicy," the '■ Unft-re Beit," the " "Western Watchman," and the '■ St. L. Presbyterian," are issued weekly; and the "Valley Farmer," the '-St. L. Probe," the "Insurance Reporter," the "Western Journal," the *• Bank Note Detector," and the " Signet," are issued monthly. As a general thing, the press of St. Louis is con- ducted with a high standard of talent, and occupies a firj-t rank in the great department of journalism. Many of its issues have a wide circulation. The growth of Sl Louis, within the past 20 years, has been wonderfully rapid, and each great interest has kept pace with the whole. It is not alone in commerce that St. Louis is a great city, but in manufactures, the arts, and all other departments of industrial economy. Improvement has gone hand in hand with her general prosperity, and the old shanty of the settler has given place to the substantial dwell- ing of the resident. In every thing the change has been great, and a city of grand proportions, with all the elements of future success, has gained a footing where so lately a scattered village, depending on Indian trade and the trap- per for support, alone existed. The census of 1S50 gave St. Louis a population of 77,S60, of which 73,S42 were while — i2,3!v4 males, and S1.4o3 fe- males; 1,362 were free colored persons— 725 males, and 637 females, and 2,656 were slaves. These numbers constituted 13,161 families, and occupied 9.662 separate dwellings. The population, in 1S30, was 4,377; in 1S40, 16.469— increase 230.9 per cent ; and in 1S50, 77,650— increase 172.7 per cent.* The population of the city includes 23,774 Germans, 11,257 Irish, 2,933 English, and 2,450 natives of other countries, mak- ing an aggregate of 40,114 natives of foreign countries, leav- ing 37,051 for natives of the United States. This presents even a greater disparity between the native and immigrant population that has been supposed to have existed. The im- migrants, however, constitute one of the principal sources of the wealth and prosperity of the city. They have added mil- lions to the value of its real est;ite, immensely increased the aggregate of the annual returns of its productive industry, and created an important market for the productions of the soil and the wares of tlie mechanic and the men-hant The whole number of manufacturing establishments in operation on the 1st June, 1S50, and producing to the value of $500 and upward, annually, was 1,30S, in which was in- vested a capital of $4,377,711 ; and these employed 7,321 males, and 1,130 females. The annual product of this branch of industry amounted to $15,400,340. The following table, showing the number of each kind of business, the capital invested, etc., is compiled from the census of the year specified : Business. Ca,.it:.l. ""'"'^r'^L"''^''- ^"T^^l ' Males, tern. pruilitct, 104 Carpenters $150,265. .557.. — ..$1,171,550 9 Stone-cuttLTS 2S,100.. 90.. — .. 122,700 T Shirt manufacturers 4-3,000.. — ..26S.. 48,000 106 Tailors 206,500. .680. .1 SI . . 650.550 14 Hatters 20,700.. 72.. 16.. 85,150 8 CarrLige-makers 56.600 .. 183 .. — . . 180.000 9 Iron foundries ;... 339,000. .645.. — .. 669,000 2 Brass foundries 17.000. . 22. . — . . 25.000 71 Blacksmiths 72,4.30. .326.. — .. 808,1.30 16 Breweries 197,.'j50. . SI. . — . . 285,925 60 Cabinet-makers 72,760. .195. . — . . 182,800 *,A c-enaun taken under tiie Sute autborities \n IMi!, ga.e the popu- lation of llie city at 94,8i'5. and of tlie county at 29.034— total. 123,8.t3, of wtiicli 118,385 were wlitte persons, 1,341 free persons of color, and ■),0fi9 slaves. The census of while persona in the city gives 61,2.^1 males and 40,791 females. SAI SAI Ui.siress. c.ipil»l. >l.ilc». S5 Tinners & coppersmiths. l"29.3i}0..151.. 1 Tvpe founder 51,S(I0. . 10. . 10 ClKindlers and lard oil i melters ( 3 Tent and awning raaliers 7 r.ctpr-nialiers. 51,SII0. 09,300, lyed. AiiniKil n. I'roiliut. . . 2S7.34S I.. 150,000 ).. 49S,950 1.T09. 70,230. 50 Bal;ers 63,i!50. 110 B-K.t and slioe nialiers . . 73.975. 5 Giinsmillis 4,800. 1 Fire-safe nialcer 700. 2S Painters anil glaziers . .. 67,130. 7 Book-binders 7..300. 3 Plane-inatcers 5,300 . . 3 Tninli-maliers 7.700. 7 Loolismillis 8.710., 1 Ciiair manufactory 1.500.. 6 Plumbers 12..'i00.. 5 Tobacco inanuraetories.. 23,000. 3 Spirit £ras distilleries 20,500.. 2 Dnifj and cliem. factories 21,000.. 1 Fli nirins-inill 600. . 10. 97. 122. 170.. — , 27. . — 15. . — . 86..— 13.. — . 1 Shot, liictory 40.000 . . 25 . 10. 108,. 4G. .17 1 Bucket factory 9 Tanneries 9 paw-raills 22 .Milk dairies 10 U]iliolsterer3 21 Saddlers C Turners 2 Venetian blind makers. 6 Wire-workers 1 Gold-pen maker 19 Flour-mills 2 Planing-iudls 3 Patent mcdi'ueraanuf's 53 Coopers 2 Glass factories 3 Sugar refineries 177,000.. 211 2 "Wliite lead, castor and linseed oil factory 4,000 70.200. 115.000. 12.S30. 49,!ltlO 3.3,916, 2.330.. 8 4.O00 . . 5 lO.SOO.. 15 1.000.. 1 4.39.500.. ISl 47,000.. 85 14,000.... S, 82.485.. 24S, 50.000.. 70. 1146.000. 4 Soda-water manufacto's. 10 Confectioners 1 TVhip-niaker 4 Lime-kilns 1 Cork mamifactory 3^ Cigar-makers 2 Rectifiers 5 Machinists 3 Starch factories 44 Brick-yards 6 Sausage-makers 160. 91. 6,300 215.000 276.640 402.900 10,360 7,000 217.0110 55.300 4S,000 74„50n 12.6.3S 8,500 65,000 67,000 63.000 45,000 3,000 37.5,000 6.000 223.900 24S,0fi0 8:!,lM0 122. SOO 260,5S0 — . . 12,800 3.. 6..500 — . . 26,000 — . . 2.000 — . . 2,307,750 — .. 96.000 — . . 96,000 — . . 2SS,S22 — . . 64.000 — .. 1,213,600 — . . 600,000 112. 6. 16,000 6,700.. 28 600.. 7 2,3.30.. 14 2,500. 20.1S0. 4.000 30.100. 25.000. 89.000., 605. , S.. . 92.. 6.. 100.. 17.. 619.. .111. 40. 1 Cotton-yarn factory 70.0iiu.. 40.. 80. 13 Briciclayers 16..500. .104.. — . 2 Organ buililers .3..i00.. 8.. — . 6 Cap-makers 6.150. . 11 . . — . 2 Jewelers 2.100.. 4.. — . 3 Band box-makers 420 . , 7 . . — . 8 Match factories 5..500 . . 39 . . — . 49 Butchers $49.920 . 1 Gas company 220.000. . 1 Cotlon batting factory .. 32,000.. 1 Fire and Waterproof | roof manufactory . . . f 1 Spice-mill 14,000 1 Lead pipe and sheet | lead factory 1 2 Brush-makers 2,500. 2 Mustard factories 1,900.. 8.. 1 Basket-maker 400.. 2.. 1 rmhrella-maker 4,000.. 3.. 7 Milliners 4,300.. 1.. 2 Oil cloth manufactories . 3,000 . . 30 . . 9,000. 10 12 85,000.. 11 20 60,600 57,500 4.800 21.200 8,700 80.270 28.006 98.000 105.000 301.470 S.IWO 170.000 104,7.')0 9,200 11,900 5,000 3.700 16.8fl0 $.349,650 43,01 rO 73,000 13,600 60,000 75,000 14,500 2,100 2,100 7..500 29..5f)0 30,000 2 Saw factories 10,500. . 10. 3 Vinegar factories 1,450.. 7. 2 Bellows-makers S Porkbou.ses 1 Woolen factory .32 Wagon-nuikers 1 Boat (yawl) builder 2 Distillers 1.600. 239,800. 20.000. 150. 39.000. 23. 15. 121. 1. 37. 4 Piano-makers 5,500.. 4. 1 Comb-maker 2 Nailors 1 Mill-stone factory 6 Daguerreans 2 Mathematical insfru- I ment makers J 2 Edge-tool makers 1 Block and pump maker. 2 Sa-blie-tree makers 1 Ship (^steamboat) j ard . . 600.. 300.. 10,000 . . 8,000.. 2.000.. 8.500 . . 8,000. . 3,500.. 10.. — . 15.. — . 17.. — . 34.. — . 85.. — . . A(ii.,ial l'r„.li„t. 31.000 12.500 32.000 799.522 45.000 14U.5a5 750 82.000 8,000 1.000 2.1100 10,000 18,000 7,600 .8,500 9,000 16,000 150,000 Total $4,8 711 7.321 1.130 $15,400,340 St. Louis must, at no distant day, become important as a manufacturing city. The heaviest business, as sliown above in this department, is that of iron-ware. The State boasts of her mountains of ore, and the co.al region is at the im- mediate doors of the city. Within a few years past, the articles made of iron have multiplied beyond any expecta- tion; railing, fencing for agricultural use, window-sashes, door-fronts, columns, caps, telegraph-wire, and water-pipe, are only a few of the uses to which iron h.as lately been applied : and already speculation begins to whisper about entire buildings being constructed, and entire streets paved with it. The shops of St. Louis already compete with the best artisans elsewhere, for the manufacture of steam-engines, and of every species of machinery. A connection with Pilot Knob, and Iron Mountain, by railway, will obviate at once the difliculties of transportation, by placing the ore at the furnace, cheaply and expeditiously, and thus bring into general use this great metal, ilissouri contains. Iben, within her own bosom, an element of wealth that has ]iot yet been brought into requisition, and which is destined, at no distant day, to give a strong and vigorous pulsation to her growth in wealth. Besides this, lead and copper ore are abundant, exhaustless, and second in quality to the yield of no other region. The contiguity of these minerals to St. Louis, ren- der the mines of far more value than those of Lake Superior, and will bring a better return for capital than the invest- ments maiie in the mines of that region. If SI. Louis, daring the ten years preceding 1^50, increased from a traction over 16,000 to nearly 80.00tl without the im- pulse of railroads, and notwilhstanding many drawbacks, what must be her progress, and what her population 'luring the decade next succeel. 1852. ■Wheal bush SS1,428 927.346 ],"00,TOS 1,591,SS6 Flour, per riv., bis 301,933 298,2-31 ) jgg gg^ jg^ gg, " " wagou " — 32,.3.52 ) ' ' ' " Corn sacks 142,182 484,014 1,840,900 844,720 Oats " 12I).S;!5 848.716 794,421 323,081 Barley " 44.Ct3 84,744 101,074 47 .2M Pork bbls 113,909 101,562 103,013 66.306 " tierces — 1,873 15,793 2,704 Salt sacks 2S9.5S0 261,230 216,933 266.616 " bbls 22,557 19,153 46.250 42,281 Hemp bales 45,227 60,863 65,3.36 49.122 Lead pigs 591,551 673,.503 503,571 409,314 Tobacco ....hhds 9,664 9,055 10,371 14,053 " ....boxes — — S,380 12,388 " .... bales _ — — 300 Beef bbls 14.S3T 6,049 6,872 11,165 " tierces 3,121 2,.')S6 5,640 0,546 Dry Hides.... No. 6S,.395 94,228 99.736 42.201 Nails kegs — — 67,862 97,148 "Whisky bbls 28,471 25,959 47,991 46,446 Sugar hhds 22.814 25,796 29,276 85,233 " ™s S-WO 5,034 1 3^ us- 2-^-2 • " boxes S,U04 12,358) " bags _ _ _ 81,746 Coffee sacks 58,703 73,078 101,904 90.240 Molasses bbls 81.217 29.518 40,2.51 54,935 Lard " 64,615 61.525) 5,7003 40515 " tierces 11.041 17,925) "'" "' " kegs 15.512 14.549 14,450 11.815 Bacon tierces 2,195 7,087) j(;;(|i 11 0Q5 " ca-ks 21.704 23.248) ' '"" Bacon bbls 1.046 3.019 1 ^ ^.^ j .^^ " boxes 2,263 1..330 J ' ' ' " pieces — 46,978 6,639 18,809 " lbs — 82.496 — — " Bag'dHams — 2,893 — — Bulk Pork.. casks — 1.096 — — " "...boxes — 100 — — " " ..pieces — 801,381 — — " '• lbs 12,639,360 1,431,747 — — Lumber feet 24.188,6.51 14,676,099 — — Shingles " 7,334,500 4,316,000 — — Laths " 10,290,500 283,000 — — Slaves " — 607,033 — — Bagging . .pieces — — 2.746 3.650 Bale Kopc... coils — — 84,083 42,121 752 Tho commercial importance of the city is more readily made visible by a view of its shipping trade. Below will be found Blalemenls showing the arrivals, tonnage, etc., of steamboats and barges in the years 1S47, '48, '49, '50, '51, and '52 respectively : Arriviils from 1S17. New Orleans 502.. Ohio Elver 4:S0. Illinois Elver 658. Upper Mississippi. 717. Missouri Eiver 314. Cumberlaiui — . Cairo 146. Other porls 202.. 1848. 1849. 1S.M). Ift'.I. l&'^i. ..436.... 813.. ..803.... 300.... 8-30 .. 429 .... 401 ... .493. .. .401 ... .520 ..690.... 686.. ..788. ...034.... 863 ..697....S06....635....639....70O . .827. . . ..355. . . .890. . . .301 . . . .817 .. — .... — .... — .... 48.... 30 ..194. ...123.... 75. ...119. ...223 . .396. . . .217. . . .215. . . .175. . . .201 Total 2,969. Tonnage ... — . Keel boats . — . 8,159. .2,975. . 3,2.39. . 2,613. . 3,174 — 6.33,393 681,253.. — .. — — .. 166.. 115.. — .. — The imports from foreign countries, according to the TJ. S. Treasury Eeporls in 1850, were valued at $359.64.3. Ton- nage owned in the district 28,907 tons, all of Ihe class enrolled and licensed, and of which 24,956 tons were navigated by steam. Five steamers (1,854 tons) had been buill during the year. The following is a statement of the principal transactions at the custom-house in the years 1851 and 1852 : 1852. 1851. The foreign value of goods,wnres, and merchandise, imported into St, Louis from foreign countries, and entered for consumption at this port in 1853 $961,956 00 $757,509 00 Foreign value of merchandise re- maining in public store on 81st Dec.ult. 11,566 00 8,26189 The foreign value of merchandise entered at other ports for trans- portation hither, but not yet re- ceived, estimated ' 72.951 CO 107.902 00 Total $1,039,473 00 $873,673 S9 Of the above-mentioned goods, wares, and merchandise, enter- ed for consumption in 1852, the imports were from the following countries: From England, the f..reign value of which was.... $431,343 00 $406,113 00 France 75.258 00 88,404 00 Germany and Holland 22,695 00 2.3,2.39 00 Spain and Dependencies 262,886 00 220,770 00 Brazil 93,086 00 63,983 00 Manilla (E. I.) 62,903 00 Other countries 6.705 00 Total $964,946 00 $757,509 00 The general descriptions of mer- chandise imported and entered for consumption are, viz. : sugar and molasses, foreign cost $413,172 00 $2S!),753 00 Ilardwjire, cutlery, etc 118,276 00 133,401 00 Eailroad iron 132,894 00 100,21100 Earthen and gl.assware 80.729 00 98,786 00 Tin-plate, tin, iron, copper, etc... 59,820 00 81,482 00 Dry goods and fancy goods 110,814 00 24.257 00 Brandies.wincs, gins, cordials, etc. 32,985 00 24.712 06 Burrstones 620 00 2,257 00 Drugs and medicines 766 00 2,618 00 Cigars 5,733 00 Total .' $954,946 00 $7.57 .5li9 00 SAI SAI 13-.;. 1S:M. Amounts of ilutics on imports col- lected jaOO.lGS 85 $239,318 OS Hospital moneys 3.1-29 89 2.941 03 Toliilan-.ountcolleetcdinlS52 $293,293 74 .$243,209 71 Amount cxfiended in 1852 for re- lief of aiclc and diatre3,sed sea- men $3,162 01 $5,44144 Tonnage on steam vessels remain- ing on 3l5t Dee., 1S52 36,372 00 St, Louis is 3,5(I5 Fourth Ward 6,.379,725 1 ,9.5'2,429 . . . . 8,332,154 Fiflh Ward 2,920,098.... 1.2S7,4'J0 4,207..51S Sixth Ward 861.992.... 4,70ii,0'21 . . , , 5,162.013 Total $17,079,274 $14,651,930 $31,731,'204 TAXE.S IN 1851. 'K'.irils. Olii J.inm.,,. New t-imin. Total. First Ward $5,696 $36,096 $42,392 Second Ward 4l),6.il 9,'.'S0 49.967 Third Ward 68,999 21,604 90,6.53 Fourth Ward 70,404 27,790 9,8,194 FifthW.ird 8'2..324 15.044 47,368 Sixth Ward 4,020 63.983 68,014 Tolal $223,130 $164,453 $386,688 A list embracing the names of those citizens who own property within the city limit:} exceeding $100,000 in value has been compiled from the assessment books. No one will misconceive the sense of the list The figures opposite every name indicate, not the assessed value of all their real estate, nor the total of their wealth, but the value of their properly within the city limits only, as affixed by the city assessor : Allen, Thomas $374,6n0 I llamey, W. S, 121,30(1 Harney, Mary Ashley, Elizabeth. Benoist, Louis A. . Eerthold,F,. est.... Biddle,,Iohn Bogy,L. V Boyee. Octavia Brant, .J. B Carr, Wm. Chamlier, Charles., Chouteau, P., .Jr. 200,00(1 . 101.000 . 11.5,700 . 191,000 , 310,000 , 312,000 . 128,000 . 125,000 , 290,000 Chouteau, Henry 185.500 Clemens, James, ,Tr. 342,000 Denver, Larkin est. . 115,3(10 Ewing, Benoist, et al 118,000 Finney, .1. and 'W. . . 163,000 Galy, HcCune & Co. 171,000 Gay, .1. II 116,800 Grah.am, Richard.,. 200,000 .$181,900 20,5,000 102,700 420,000 Lindell, Jesse G.. Lindell. Feter Lindell, P. and .1. G. 14,8,4iio Luejis, James II 452,0( lo Lucas & Hunt ,593,000 MuUanphy, Bryan,, 291,000 O'Fallon, Col. John. 328,300 P.age, D. I) 427,500 Pratte, Bernard 118,200 llankin, Uobert, est. 155,700 Shaw, Henry 204,100 ;in, Theodore 2,000 Phillibert, Josiph 4,055 Paul & Ingram 20,000 Pratte, B. and Jos 11,800 Price Bisilon H 8,800 Phillipsen, Jos. 11,000 Pratte, Bernard 10,165 Quarlas, Robert 3,000 Eeed, Jesse 4,000 Rector, Wm 10,900 Rankin, Kobert 800 Koubidox, Jas. and F . 9,055 Reed, .Jacob, est 1,500 Rector, Klias Riddock, Thomas F.. Reynard, Hy,aeinth . . . Sullivan, William Sarrade Jean 1,800 Smith, William, est,... 5,500 Scott, Moses 1,012 Smith, Oliver 2,712 Simpson, Kobert 4.200 Sarpy, John B 6,670 Sanguinette, Marianne 6,415 Stokes & Ashley 4,000 Scott, Alexander 2,500 50 SOO 9,802 2.000 8,670 Thornton, John Tisson, Louis II Tessou, Michael Town & Dent Tracy &, Wahrendorff. Vonphul, Henry 5.460 Valois, Francois 8.015 Wiggins, Samuel 1,200 Whetmore, Alphonzo. 1,387 White, Is,aac W' 412 White, .Joseph SOO Wolford, Ann 2,115 Walker, David C 2,845 Wilier & Page 1,150 Wherry, Maekay 1 ,085 Wash, Ivobert Yoste, Theaste 3,975 4,790 SAI SAI spot now nccupioii by the city, nnd proceeded lo draw Ihe lown limits, which hcimnu'd St. Louis, in honor ofLoais XV. of France, a lowii which subscqumlly became the capita! of I'ppcr Louisiana, and which is now the commercial capita! of Missouri. For lontr years after this period, the beasts of the forest afforded nourislinient to the si-ttiers, and rude huts on the ground ami scafTotdins: in Uie trees shelter and protection to the daring people who first exposed the bosom of the soil to the genial influenecs of social industry. From tlio lime of its establishment up to tlie year 176S, St. Louis had grown apace, and every thing connected with its poaiticn and prospects warranted the anticipation of a peacefnl existence under a mild and patriarclial form of government. In the mean time, however, the fact of the cession of Louisiana to Spain became known, and disturb- ance at once interrupted the tranquillity of llie settlers, who rebelled against the change of masters. The inhabitants clung closely to their loved government of France, and it was not until 1708 that Si. Ltiuis was occupied by Spanish troops. From this period, the settlements made but little progress. Upon the transfer of the country from Spain to the United States in 1S03, the immigration of the Anglo- Americans commenced, and the population slowly but steadily augmented in numbers. On the 26th March, 1S04, the country was constituted a District of the United States, under the name of the District of Louisiana, and on the 19lh October of the same year, W. H. Harrison, then governor of Indiana, instituted the American auihority. On the 4th July, 1S05, it was erected into llie Tevrltor;/ of Louisiana, and on the 4th July, ISI'2, it received the name of the Territory of Missouri. ** We have now arrived at a period," says Wilson Primm, in an address on the anniver- sary of the founding of the city in ISOl. when a new era was to dawn, not only on St. Louis, but on all her northern and western dependencies, when a power greater than that of the fublcd lamp of Aladdin was to be brought into requisi- tion, and by its magic, to mature as it were in a day. in the western wilds of America, an existence, which on the shores of the eastern continents, the lapse of centuries liad not been able to procure. In 1S17, the 'General Pike,' the first steam- boat that ever ascended the Mississipiii. made its appearance at St. Louis." The " Independence" was the first steamboat that ascended the Missouri (May, 1S19). Passing over the fierce discussions which eventuateti in the estai)lishment of Missouri as one of the confederacy in IS'20, we come to the year t>22, when St. Louis was erected into a city. Since that time wlial wonderful changes have taken place. Work- ing its way to importance and greatness, St. Louis has still maintaiiiert of entry. Camden co., Oa. : on N. bank of St. Mary's r., 102 m. S. S. W. Savannah, 1S3 m. S. E. Milledgeville. It ll.^3 a safe harbor, and vessels drawing 21 feet fif water come to its wharves. It contains a church, academy, several stores, etc. Pop. about 700. The total tonnage of St. Mary's district, on June 30th, 1S50, was 1.425 tons, of which the n-gistered tonnage was 492 Ions, temporary, and the enrolled and licensed tonnage was 933 tons (092 I. portn;inent. 241 t. temporary) employed in the coasting trade. During the year i)receding there was no SAI SAI foreign commercii imr sliip-buililini;. Tlie tonnage and other imporlanee of St. >[ark's has decreased since the ac- cession of Florida to the Union. Saint Makt*s, p. c, Woud co., Mrg.: 240 m. N. W. Eichmond. Salxt Mary's, p. o., Hancock co., J/L: on the left bank of Crooked cr., 77 lu. X. W. Springtleld. Saint Mary's, p. o., Liun co., la. : on a branch of Cedar r., 1" ni. N. Iowa Cily. Saint Mary's, p. o.,yigo coiinty, In J.: 70 m. "W. S. W. Indrannpoli3. ^ Saint Mary's, t. and p. v., Anglaize county, Ohio: S2 m. W. N W. ('olumbus. Drained by Si. Mary's r. and branches. Surface level; soil verj* fertile. The v., formerly cap. of the CO., is on Ihc W. bank of the r. so called, and on tlie line of the Miami Canal, 133 m. N. Cincinnati. It contains several stores, inilis, etc. The •■Sentinel and Democrat" (dutn.) is ij.sued weekly. P.-p. of v. 874; of t. 1,S67. Saint Mary's, p. o., Chester co, I'enn.: Gl m. K. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Saint Mary's, v., St. Mary's co., ^ff. : on the E. side of St. Mary's r., about S m. from its confluence willi the P"tom;u', 53 m. S. Annapolis. The site of St. Mary's Cily, fouiKied by the fir^it emigrants, the '"Pilgrims of St. Mary's," ■J7lh March, 1G74, is a lilUe S. of this. Saint Mary's, p. o., Lafayette co., Wise. : 49 m. S. W. Madison. Saint Mary's river, Ga. and Fior. : rises in Okefinokee Swamp, in the S. E. part of Ware co., Ga., flows 5. for some distance, then suddenly turns N., and afler flowing in that direction about 33 in., it takes an E. course, until it empties by St. Mary's sound into the Atlantic. It is 105 m. long, at low tide has 13^ leet of water on the bar at its raoulh, and 19i feet at ordinary high tide, and forms the best harbor on the E. coast of Florida. Saint Mary's river. JI«.J. : a large inlet of Potomac r., in S. E. part of St. Mary's co. For statistics of St. Mary's 17. S. collection district, see St. Inigof.s. Saint Mary's river, O/u'o and Jufl.: rises in "W. part of Auglaize co., flows N. W. into Indiana to i:s coufliienee at Fort Wayne with St. Jt)sepli's r., with wliich it forms Maunicc river. Saint Mary's strait, Jfic7i. : is the outli-t of T.ake Superior, connecting it with Lake Huron. It is about 70 m. long, but is naturally divided into two sections by tlic falls of St. Mary, 15 m. below Lake Superior. These falls are more properly great rapids, J ra. long, and have a descent of 22 feet 10 inclies, A ship and steamboat canal is about being constructed around them. Below the falls the strait is nav- igable for small steamboaLs, and vessels drawing 6 feet of water, though the navigation is most difScnlf. It contains 4 very large islands, and several smaller ones, whieli divert its water into principal and cross channels. The usual ship channel is the W. strait, which has an average width of } m. The entire fall of the r. between the lakes is 44 feet 5 inches, and iEs current (e.velusive of the rapids) has a moilium rate of U m. per hour. The strait abounds with fish of various kinds, which are taken in great quantities, and extensively expcjried. Saint Mary's Landin(;, p. v., St. Genevieve co., Jfo. : on the W. bank of the Mississippi r.. at the moulh of Saline cr., 7G m. below St. Louis and 126 m. K. S. E. Jefferson City. Salt springs are numerous in the vicinity, and salt has been manufactured here. Saint Mathews, p. v., Orangeburg dist.. S. Car. : on Caw- caw Swamp of North Edisto r., 23 m. S. by E. Columbia. Saint Michael's, p. v., Talbot co.. JA/. .' on the W. side of St. Michael's r., a large inlet of Ea.stern bay of Chesa- peake bay, 19 m. S, E. Indianapolis. Pop. SG3. Sai.nt Omee, p. o., Decatur co., Tiid.: on the N. side of Flat Ilock cr.. on the Lawrcnceburg and Upper Mi.ssissippi R. U., 8S m. S. E. Indianapohs. It is a pleasant village with about 450 inhabitants. Saint 1'aris, p. v., Champaign co., Ohio: 51 m. W. by N Columbus. Saint Padx. p. v., and cap. Uamsey co., Miini. 'lev. : on the left bank of tlie Mississippi, 15 m. by water and 8 m. by land below the Falls of SU Anthony, and about half that distance below the mouth of Minn-soia r., lat. 44^ 52" 46" N., and long. 93° 04' 54" W. It is siluale on two broad benches ol land, the lowest of which is 50 feet above the high water mark of the Mississippi, wliicli river flows i)ast the town in an E. by N. direcliou. The town site is flanked by beauti- ful blulfs. frnm which issue springs of cold clear water, and nature has done every thing to make it a romantic and h«-althful situation. The first store, or trading house, was built in 1^43, and seven years later it was the site of a Catholic mission, surrounded by stimted copse, and looking across the river fnmi his elevated table rock, the pious re- cluse saw a gloomy and silent f.trcst Imwuing upon the slug- gish waters and rising with the ri\er hills, falling back for miles into the prairie, presenting an aspect of interminable woodlands reaching to the distant sunset. The town has risen from this wilderness as if by magic. It has now an imposing Stale-house, l;!9 leet by 53 feet, a court-house, with mel;dlie dns are valued at $790,000— the last sum including the amount invested iu the Indian trade. These statistics refer to the spring of 1S53, at which period it contained between 2,500 and 3.000 inhabitants. In 1^50 its population numbered only 1.135. Lines of steamers, coming and going daily, omnibuses, coaches, etc., and yet St. Paul's is in the wilderness. Look where you will, and the primitive features of the surround- ing country remain unchanged, and the wild animal and Indian still Iiaunl the grounils to which ages of occupancy have given tliem a prescriptive right. This new town, how- ever, M ill "go alu-atl,'' and must eventually become a dep6t of a vast interior eonnnerce. It will receive and dislribute the merchant ware of the Upper .Mississippi and the whole valley of the Mimiesota, wbicli is now being opened to set- tlement. Already llie annual arrival of sleanters from below averages 200, bringing to the rising Slate a wealth of labor that will soon level tlie forests and make the land glad with its burden of agricultural pmfusion. "The society at St. Paul's," says a recent writer, " is a peculiar conglomeration of attractive and repellanl clemenls, reaching through all shades of color, from the bronzed savage to the suiooihy polished Circassian; and that contusion of tongues which distracted the builders of Eabel is no comparison to the Si. Paulian jargon. The Sioux, the French, the Patois, Dutch, German, Norwegian, Irish, English, and American alter- nately salute you in the street. * * * There are but few drones here; every body is busy, with no idle moneyed aristocrats to tyrannize over the industrious poor. * * * All here are slrangers from different parts— all adventurers ; all industrious, gemrally very orderly, and consequently very prosperous and happy." Saint Paul, p. o., Madison county, Ark. : 1i)G m. A"". W. Little liock. Saint Paul, p. v., Greene co., Jf<>. ; on a f -rk of James r., 97 m. S. by W. Jefferson Ciiy. Saint Pai:t,, p. o., Clark county, Ala. : loO m. W. S. "W, Montgomery. Saint Paul's, p. o., Robeson co., *V. Car. : G3 ni. S. by W. Raleigh. Saint Petf.r's, p. o., Chester co., Pemi, : C3 m. E. by S. Ilarrisburg. Saint Petkr's, p. o., Franklin co., Ind. : 59 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. Saint Pkois river, X Y.: rises iu SL Regis lake, in 755 SAI SAL Frankliu county, and flows JJ. by winding course into the St. Luwrcnce. Saikt Simon's islands and sound, Ga. : lie off Glynn county, E. and N. E. Brunswick. Saint Stepiiex, p. o., Fauquier county, Virg. : 79 miles N. by W. lliuhmond. Saint Stei-hen's, p. v., Washington co., Ala.: on the risrlit l)atik of the Tonibiiihee r., 122 m. S. \V. Montgomery. 11 is located at the head nf schooner navigation. It contains a number of workshops, stores, etc., and a U. S. land office. Tbii buildings are chiefly of stone, but jiresent a dilapidated appearance. Saint Tammany parish, La. Situate E. in tlie east dis- trict, and contains 1,043 sq. ni. Drained by Tangipnlica and Chifunete rivers, Cogue Faliia, and oilier small streams. Surface generally uneven and in ])arls hilly, and adapted to grazing; soil barren for the meat part, but there are some fertile tracts on the streams, which are well cultivated and prove productive. Staple articles, ootluu, sugar, and rice. Pine limber abounds extensively. Farms 90; manuf. 33; dv.'ell. 7S6, and pop.— wh. 3,642, fr. col. 859, si. 2,3G3— total 6,364. Capital : Covington. Saint Tammany's, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Virg. : 75 m. S. W. Richmond. Baint Thomas, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Penn.: 53 m. 8. W. Ilarrisburg. Drained by liack cr. Surface uneven ; Boil various. The village on Ihe line of the proposed railroad from Getlys«burg to Greensburg contains some manufactor- ies, etc. In the town there is a furnace (constructed in 1S2S) of 1,400 tons annual capacity moved by water-power. Pop- ulation of t. about 2,000. Salamonie river, Ina*. ; on the Sabine r., at the mouth of Big Cow or., 261 m. E. Austin Cily. Salem, t. and p. v., New London co,, Crmn. : 29 m. S. E. Hartford, 36 m. E. N. E. New llaven. Is an agricultural township, with fertile soil, well watered by several streams. Gardner's lake lies on its N. E. border. Incorporated in 1S19, and contains 4 churches. Pop. of t. 760. Salem, p. v., Clark co., Ga.: on Green Briar cr., 39 m. N, by "W. Milledgeville, Salem, p. v.. and cap. Marion co., lU. ; on the borders of Grand Prairie, at the head of Crooked cr., 90 m. S. S. E. Springfield. It contains the county buildings, etc., and promises to become an important place upon tlie comple- tion of the Ohio and Mississippi K. It., and the Massac and Sanffamon P. P., which will pass through it. Salem, t., p. v., sta., and cap. "Washington CO., Ifid. : near the head waters of Blue r. and on the New Albany and Salem P. P., ^5 m. N. N. "W. New Albany and 79 m. S. from Indianapolis. It is located near the centre of the county, on rolling ground, and is one of the picasantest places in the State. This village suffered much from the cholera in 1S82, and for several years it did not improve; but important improvements arc now being made, and con- siderable business is carried on in manufactures, etc. The public buildings are a court-house, jail, fire-proof offices, a market-house, fine and commodious cliurohcs of all denom- , 750 inations. a flourishing county seminary, a female academy under the patronage of the Salera Presbytery, about im houses, mostly of brick and well construclert'igfi er- ri/m-i/ of On',.540 bushels of coarse salt, 1,SG6,4;35 bushels of fine, and '2G2,T30 bushels of ground or dairy salt — total, 2,175,711 bushels. The amount of duty accruing to the State from these works was $-14,304. The \\ is located on the E. bank of the lake, and on the Oswego Canal, 2 m. N. Syra- cuse. It was incorporated in 1S24, and contains — besides a number of stores and groceries, flouring and other mills — an extensive machine shop and a furnace worked by steam, for the purpose of manufacturing steam-engines and fine cast- ings, several^other machine shops, etc. Poii. of t. 2,142. SaldvE county. Ark. Situate centrally, and contains 931 sq. m. Drained by Hurricane cr. and branches of Saline r., which runs on its western border. Surface level ; soil pro- ductive, and good cotton is raised. Farms 405, manuf. Ifi, dwell. 621, and pop.— wh. 3,392, fr. col. 6, si. 503~total 3,901. Capital: Benton. Salr^e county, I^l. Situate S., and contains 373 sq. ni. Drained by south and middle fork of Saline cr., a tributary of Uie Ohio. Surface generally level; soil of a sandy nature. Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn. It has fine pas- turage for cattle, large numbers of which are fattened and exported annually. It is well timbered, and has some salt springs, which were formerly of considerable value. Farms 67S, manuf. 11, dwell. 9G1. and pop.— wh. 5,495, fr. col. 93— toUil .^.5SS. Ciipital : RaU iLrh. Saline county. J/*). Situate N. "W. centrally, and contains 727 sq. m. Drained by La Mine r. and its branches. It is bounded on the N, E., N.. and N. W. by Missouri r. Surface undulating; S'»il fertile; the laud on the rivers being rich and exceedingly prnductive. It has some fine limber anrl jirairie land. Farms 5S7,manuf. S,dwell. 950. and pop. — wh. 6,lUS, fr. col. IG, si. 2.719— total S.K43. Cipitcil: Marshall. Saline, t. and p. v.. Waahtenaw co., Midi.: 55 m. S. K. Lansing. Drained by Raisin r., affording good mill-power. Surface even; soil rich loam, producing grains of all kinds, and of good quality. The v. on the river, in the N. E. part, contains several mills, etc. Pnp. 1,631. Saline, p. v., Ralls co., Mo. : 75 m. N. by E. Jefferson City. Saline, p. o., Bienville par.. La. : near a cr. so called, 1*'5 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Salt ia manufactured in the vicinity. Saline creek, Mo. : rises in S. "W. part of Perry co., makes a circuitous course in a N. direction, and enters the Missis- sippi r. near the S. E. corner of St. Genevieve co. There are numerous salt springs ou its border, and salt has been manufaetured here. Saline river, La.: rises in S. part of Olaihorue parish, 75S flows S. 50 m., and passing through i^aline lake, empties into Black Lake r., in Natchitoches parish. There are salt works ou its border. Saline river, III.: rises by N.. S., and middle forks, in Hamiltitn. Williamson, and Johnson counties, and forming a junelion at E(juality, flows S. E., and enters the Ohio r. 9 m. below Shawnectowu. The great U. S. Salines are located on this r., about 2 in. S. of Equality. The manufacture of salt at this point is extensive. There are also other sail works on the borders of this stream, and it is navigable for some distance. Saline Mills, p. o., Natchitoches par.. La. : ou the "W. of Saline cr., and in the neighborhood of the salt works, 155 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Salineville, p. V. and sla.. Columbiana co., Ohio : on the Cleveland and Pitt.sburg R.R., S6 m. S. E. Cleveland, 121 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Pop. 237. Salujcoy, p. 0,, Cass county, Ga. : 131 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Salisrurt, t and p. v., Litchfield county, Conn. : 41 m. N.^W. Hartford. Bounded on the N. by Connecticut r., E. by the Ilousatonic r., and on the "W. by New York. Im- mense hydraulic power is derived from the Housatonic and Salmon rivers, and it is well watered by several lakes and ponds. The surface is formed by luHy elevations and deep valleys, but the soil is well adapted to all kinds of grain and to pasturage. Limestone predominates in the valleys, and the hills are of granite. Imn ore is the chief staple com- modity, inexhaustible quantities of which, celebrated fijr its superior quality, are here found, and the manufactures of it ar& extensive. Wood, also, is abundant, large quantities of which are turned into charcoal, and with other materials found here, used for smelting the ore. The " Old Ore Hill," located n(!ar the New York line, has been worked since the year 1732. The first furnace was erected in 1762, and a large amount of cannon-balls and bomb-shells were manu- factured here during the Revolutionary War. There are now in Salisbury several furnaces, forges, puddling estab- lishments, manufactories of guns, anchors, scythes, engine cranks, hoes, trii)-hammers, etc. The forges and puddling establishments produce an immense quantity of wrought iron, which is used for anchors, ear axletrees, musket bar- rels, etc. Some of the oldest guns in our navy were made at the old furnace here, and muskets are still being made from the products of these mines. The ore ia the brown hematite, and yields 40 per cent, of pig iron. The v. of Salisbury is located on Salmon r., and is a pleasant place. Pop. of I 3.103. Salisuury. p. v., Sangamon co., Jil. : on Richland cr. of Sangamon r., 11 m. N. Springfield. Salisbury, p. v., Somerset co., Md. : on the E. side of Wicomico r., on the E. line of the county. 14 m. N. N. E. Princess Anne, and 95 m. S. E. of Annapolis. SALisuiritv. t. and p. v., Essex co.. Mans. : 36 m. N.by E. Boston. Bounded on the N. by the Slate iine, E. by the Atlantic Ocean, S. by the Merrimac r.. and W. by Powow r. Drained by several small streams flowing into the river ami ocean. Surface generally uneven, but in the E. there is an extensive beach and some salt marsh ; soil fertile. There arc two important villages in the t., tin- principal cm Powow r., at the head of tide-water, part of which is in Amosburj'. On the part located in Salisbury are flannel factories, known as the "Salisbury Manufacturing Com- pany," capital $4110,000, employing about 400 operatives, and manufacturing over 1,000,000 yards of flannels, cloaking, etc.. annually. Besides which are oth.r manufactories of woolen and cotton goods, fulling mills, tanneries, etc. The other v., located on the Merrimac, on a point of land formed by the junction of that river with the Powow, is celebrated for its superior ship-building, which is the principal branch of trade here. A number of vessels are owned in this v.. and emi>loyed in ihe cnjistiu!:: Irar!.- and ni.aelierel fishety. Salisbury is connected with Newburvport by a suspension SAL SAL briiJfie. which spans the Merriiiuu-. The \-. is uii iIk- l::a>l- em i;. i;., at which point the Salisbury Branch U. li.divcriica 86 m. N. by E. Boston. It is neatly lui«l out. ami contains a number of places of I»U3inesa, a baulv, etc. Pop. of t. 3,1U0. SALi-iiiURY, t. and p. v., Mt-rriinae co., ^V. llninp. : 15 ni. N. "\V. Concord. Biackwater r. jiasses throuirU the W. p:irl, from wliich is derived good walt-r-power. r*urface varied ; hi llie N. W. is a portion of Kearsurire Mountain. The soil in tlie upland is mostly rich ; tlie hilly land abounds in ex- cellent pasturage, and on Blackwater r. tliere is very fertile inler\ale. There are several very valuable farms in the I., and the people are chiefly employed in a£cricullure. Tliis t. was the birthplace of the Hon. Daniel Webster. The v. is located on the E. side of Blackwater r. Top. of t. l,'i"2S. Sai.isbltry, t. and p. v., Herkimer co., jV. }'. ; 03 m. N.W. Albany. Drained by East and West Canada creeks, tlie former forming in part its E. boundary. Surface generally hilly; in parts mountainous; soil fertile, and some grain is raised. The v. is about 7 ra. N. by E. Little Falls, and con- tains several mills, etc. Deposits of magnetic iron ore are found in the vicinity. The t. has some manufactures, me- chanic shops, etc. Pop. 2,035. SALiSBfKV. sta., Orange co., y. Y. : on the Newburg Branch B. B., lb m. N. E. Chester, 7 S. W. Newburg, and &5 m. S. by W. Albany. SAi.isiiunY, p. v., and cap. Bowan co., A^. Car. : on a branelt of Yadkin r., lOS m. W. Baleigh. It contains a coiu't-house. jail, an academy, etc. An ancient stone wall, from li to 14 feet high and 22 inches thick, riacliing to within a t'ooi of the surface and '600 feet in length, has hecn dJsiovered here; and a similar one has been discovered G ni. distant from the first, 4 or 5 feet high and T inches thick. Tiie origin of neither has been ascertained. The " Carolina Watchman" (whig) is a weekly issue. Salisih:kv, t. and p. o., Meigs co.. Oh/o: on the N. bank of the Ohio r.', 7ij m. S. E. Columbus. Drained by Leading creek and branches; Surface rugged ; soil fertile. This t. abounds with stone-coal of a good quality, and an extensive business is carried on in that article. Coalport village, on the bank of the river, is the principal mining i)oint. Bail- ways are here built for the purpose of running down the coal frelier. In the centre of the t is Lake Drnm- niontl, 4 m. long, and from one half to tliree-fourths of a m. wide, the outlet of which, called Leicester r..furnishes good water-power. Drained by Middlebury r. and the outlet of the lake. Surface roiling; soil fertile. Chartered in I70I, and first settled in 1775. It is a manufacturing ]ilace, con- taining valuable manufactories of woolen gonds. glass, iron. luml)er, etc. The v. is located at the outlet of the lake, and the sta. is on the Rutland and Burlington B. K., 39 m. S. by E. Burhngton. Pop. oft. 1,02T. Salisbury Cbntre, p. v., Herkimer co.. A''. Y. : on Spruce creek, 64 m. N. W. Albany. It contains scime manufacto- ries. In the vicinity are extensive deposits of magnetic iron ore. SALisiujiiY Cove, p. c, Hancock co., Mt\ : 72 m. E. by N. Augusta. SAi.r-BLRY Mills, p. o., Orange co.. A' Y. : 90 m. S. by W. All'any. It is a small mill-scat, with but few inhal)itant3. Sai-m AGi-NDi, p. c, Waehila par., Lu. : 144 m. N. N. W. BatoTi Bi'Uge. Salmon" mountain, Klamath county, Calif. : between Salmon and Klamath rivers. 215 m. N. by W. Vallejo. Cov- ered with snow nine months in the year. Cold abounds in the vicinity, particularly on the rivers. Sai.M".n river, <\tli/.: rises in the moinitaiiis, in E. part of Klamalh co., and running W., empties mto Klaniaih r. Gold is abundant in its whole course. Salmo.n river. Conn. : rises in the S. part of Tolland co., and flows S. into Middlesex co., when it receives Moodus r., and empties into the Connecticut r. at East Haddam. There are sever.-il falls in its course which atford good water- power, and it is navigable a short distance from its mouth. SALMti.v river, JSf. Y. : rises in Osceola t., Lewis co., and flowing AV". Ihruugh Oswego co., empties into Lake Ontario, about 5 m. S. from Great Sand bay. It has a tolerably good harbor at ils mouth, and is boatable at high water as far up as the falls at Orwell, 14 m. At the falls the river has a perpendicular fall of 107 feet. At high water the sheet la 250 feet wide, but at low water is reduced to one-half that width. The rocky strata is composctl of slate and granite^ or gneiss. The height of the bank ab(.ve the falls is from SO to 00 feet, and below. 201) feet perpendicular rock. Salmon river, Oreg. Ta: : rises in the Bocky Mt)unlains, and fl()Wing N. W.. forms the N. branch of Suake river, or Lewis fork of the Columbia river. Salmon Falls, p. v., StrafTonl co.. A'. ILonp.: on the river so called. 2 m. below the Creat I-'alH, and nti the Bos- ton and Maine B. B., 39 m. S. W. I'ortland, and oO ni. E. Concnrd. Sal.mon Falls river, Mt\ and A\ Ilamp. : rises in East Ponrl, between Acton and Wakefiild, flows S. by E., and joins the Piscataqua r. at Hilton's Point. On this river, be- tween the towns of Boehester and Lebanon, are extensive falls. Salmon Eiver. p. o.. Oswego co, N. Y. : on a stream so called. 133 m. N. W. Albany. Salmon Biver mountains. Oi'ei.:OG m. S. W. Nashville. Saltillo. p. v.. Jasper county. It,'?.: on the Iroquois or Pirkamink r.. 93 m. N. X. W. Indian:qioIis. Saltkictciikr P>i:iI'<;i;, p. v., Colleton -iistrict. S. On:: on the left bank of Combahei- r., in a swanqiy di^-trict, S7 m. S. Cohinihia. Salt Lakh City, or Cily of the Great Salt Lake, p. city, and cap. Salt Lake CO., Vtiik Tcr: : on Jordan river, a strait 759 SAL between Utah and Great Salt lakes. I(i5 m. N. by E. Fillmore City. This settlement of the Monnoos is situated at the west- em base of the "Wasatch Mountains, on an elevation of more than 4.UO0 feet The Mormon coniuiunion was first organ- ized in l^!^0, under the auspices of .Joseph Smith, the prophet and founder, and the selUement commenced at tliis place unting of 456 tons permanent, 116 tons temporary, and 17 tons licensed under 20 tons, all employeil in the coasting trade, and of which 105 tons were propelled by steauL During the preceding year, it had no foreign commerce. One vessel was built, a steamer — 106 tons. Its port of entry is La Salle. Salvisa, p. v., Mercer co., Ky. : between Salt and Ken- tucky rivers, ISm. S. Frankfort. Pop. 1.54. Samantua, p. 0., Highland county, Ohio : 59 ra. S. S. W. Columbus. Sammon's Point, p. v., Iroquois co., III. : on the W. bank of the Iroquois r., 125 m. N. E. Springfield. The Chicago Branch K. R., will pass through this village. Samuonsville, p. o., Fulton countyj K. Y. : 47 m. N. W. Albany. Sampson county, N". Car. Sitimte S. E. centr.illy, and contains 604 sq. m. Drained by Black r. and its branches, and branches of South r., all being tributaries of Cape Fear r. Surface undulating; soil moderately fertile, a large por- tion is well adapted to grain and grazing. Chief produc- tions, colttm, rice, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 94S; manuf. 53; dwell. 1,5S2, and pop.— wh. 8,424, fr. col. 476, si. 5,6S5— total 14,5S5. Capital: Clinton. Sampson, p. o., Darke co., Ohio : S3 m. "W. Columbus. Sampsondale, v., Rockland co., aV. 1' ; 93 ro. S. Albany. It is a manufacturing village, and contains an extensive iron and wire factory, rolling and slitting mills, chemical works, etc. Sampsonvflle, p. v., Ulster county, iV. }": .* 4S m. S. "W. Albany. It contains an extensive tannery, using oak and hemlock bark, aHd tanning annually 60.000 sides of solo leather, cap. $200,000. This establishment is owned by General Pratt, present quartermaster of the State MiliUtry, and son of the celebrated Zadock Pratt, of Prattsviile. It is a handsome village, containing also 3 saw-mills, 1 grist- mill, 2 taverns, a Dutch Reformed Church, about 60 dwell- ings, and 4S0 inhabitants. Sam's Creek, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : on the E. side of Sam's cr., 46 m. N. "W. Anna])0lis. San Andreas, v., Calaveras county, Calif. : between the N. and S, branches of Calaveras r., 139 m. E. ValUjn. U is surroimded by ravines and flats, rich in gold, and well atiapted to winter mining. San Antonio, p. v., and cap. Bexar co., Tex, : near the source of the river so called, 73 m. S, S. W. Austin City, hiL 29° 25' 22" N., and long. 9S0 29' 15" "W. It is located on both sides of the river, about 20 m, above its junction with the Medina, and is one of the oldest towns in North America, containing many ancient structures. The Alamo in the N. E. part of the t on the left bank of the river, is a large oblong walled inclosure, of about an acre in extent, once used as a fortress, but now in a ruinous condition. This t. is celebrated in history as the scene of several bjiltles.iind the Alamo was giilhmlly defended by Col. Travis fi)r two weeks. A Unittrd States arsenal is located here, and an Ursuliuc convent, and several other Catholic institutions. SAN- SAN The Mexican Gulf K. K. will ver^e from this place, and connect wilh Saluria^Calhouuco.)- The " Western Tcxian" is a weekly issue. Pop. 3,'26S. San Antonio river, TeU'. ; is formed by the Medina and Salado rivers, in Bexar co., and flows in a S. K. direelinn through GoUad and Kefugio co's, and empties into Espirilu Santo buy. In its course it receives the Cibolo and Guada- loupe rivers, two considerable streams. San Antonio Mlssion, Monterey county, Calif.: 1.33 m. S. l)y E. Vulk'jo. Tlie lands of lliis mission are princijjidly owned by private persuus, and eoiUain some excellent vineyards. San AuGtsTixE county, Tex. Situate E.. and contains 042 sq. m. Drained by Ayish bayou antl its aftiueuLs, and branches of Attoyac r, which flowa on its weslt-rn border. Surface undulating and somewliat elevated ; soil very fertile, and produces abundantly, cotton, corn, and potatoes. There is some rich prairie hind in the co., and a snnill portion is covtT^-d with pine. It contains many minerals, and several vaUialile niint-ral springs. Iron ore is abundant, and lead is I'oinid in small quantities. There are some quarries of excelU-ni limestone. Farms 153; manuf. 14; dwell. 350, and poj).— wh. 2,US6, fr. col — , si. 1.5G1— total 3,IJ47. CoiJ- ital : San Augustine. Sas Auglstine, p. v., and cap. San Augustine eo.. TIw. ; on the Ayish l)ayou, near it.s source, and on the old inililary post road. 237 m. N. E. Austin City, and is one of the mo.st flourishing villages in eastern Texas. It was laid off in August. 1S33. and it now contains a court-house, jail, and many neat edifices. Being located some distance from navigable waters, it possesses few cfmmercial advantages. The "lied Sand Herald" is a weekly issue. Inm and lead ore is found near here, and there are some valuable min- eral springs in the vicinity. Tite country round San Au- gustine is very rich, producing cotton, corn, rye, oats, etc., iu abundance. San liecNARD river Tex. : rises near the source of Kedgatis er. < 1" Colorado r., flows S. E. forming the N. E. boundary of Colorado and Wharton counties, and passing Ihrougli Brazoria CO., empties into theGulf of Mexico, about 5 m. below tlie mouth of Brazos river. It has several tribu- taries, and is navigable f'^r steamboats about 40 miles. San Bkenaroino, p. v., I/5S Arigelos co., Calif.: GO rii. from Los Angelos City, and 279 m. S. E. Vallejo. The valley in which it is situate has a rich soil, and is well watered and timbered ; and is noted for its hot springs. This place was originally the seat of a mission, but has lately been purcltased by the Mormons, who have a considerable settlement here. San Beunandino mountain, IjOS Angelos co., Calif. : a lofty peak, 2sO m. S. E. Vallejo. At its base is a rich and beautiful valley. Saxkornton, t. and p. v., Belknap co., K. ITavip.: IS m. N. Concord. Great bay, and Little bay, and Winnipiscogee r., the outlets of the lake so called, form tlie E. and S. E. boundary. Drained by the ouUet of Salmon Brook Pond, which is in the N. of the t, affording good water-power. Surface uneven ; soil fertile and well cultivated. There is a gulf here, extending nearly a mile through very hard, rocky ground, 3S feet in depth, the walls from SO to 100 feet apart. Also a cavern on the hill, which may be entered in a hori- zontal direction to a distance of 20 feet. On the lake, at the head of Little bay, are the remains of an ancient fori ifl cation, in which have been found numbers of Indian relies, iniple- meuts, etc. Incorporated in ITTO, ami contains several manufactures of woolen and cotton goods, leather, lumber, etc. The V. is situated S. of Salmon Brook Pond. Poj>. vi t 2,6%. Sanoornton Bridge, p. v., Belknap co., K. /Tiimp.: on the left itank of Winnipiseogee r., and on the Boston, Con- cord, and Montreal K. E., IS ra. N. Concord. San Bl-knavestuba river, Santa Barbara county, Oi/if. : rises in a mountainous district near the liaucho of Ojai, has a X. by W. course of 25 or 30 m. to the sea, which it enters near the mission so called, N. of Monterey. The boHnm along the stream is very fertile. The mission was ^ of minor im- portance. Its industry is eminently agricultural, wiili some commerce, but no mining. Pop. in 1^52, '2.932 ; of which 537 were whites— 397 males and 140 females; negroes 7; drmiesticated Indians, 2,273— 1.249 males and 1,024 females; foreign residents, 9S — 91 males and 7 females. Of the citi- zens of the Uniled States 274, of the negnx's 7, of Ihe In- dians, 2,474; aud of foreigners 90 were adults. Capital: San Diego. San DiKoo, p. v., and cap. San Diego co., Calif: near the S. boundary of Ca!iforui,i, in laL 32° 41' 5>" X., and lone. 117^ 13' 25" W., 425 m. S. E. San Francisco, and 455 from Vallejo. It is on a wide and spacire than 300 yards wide, and is, with the exception of Acapuico, the 7G1 SAN SAN finest harbor on the Pacific. The r., which is small, is on a plain 8 m. from the anchorage, which is a( the foot of the hills just inside Ihe bay, and from which it is scarcely visi- ble. It was Ihe first place occupied by the Spaniards in Upper CaliToniia. There is a fort in the v., which is occu- pied by a U. S. garrison. Coal is found in the vieiuily. Population TOO. San Dikgo bay, San Diego co., Calif,: makes up fVom the Pacific Ocean, 455 miles S. E. Vallejo, and is a good harlior. Sandiges. p. 0., Amherst co,, Yirg. : 95 m. W. Richmond. Sandiskiicld, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : lOS miles W. by S. Boston. Surface elevated and uneven. Drained by Farmingiun river, which forms its E. boundary, and its brandies, which afi'ord water-power. Incorp. in 1736; first settled in 1 7;^0. The town contains 2 churches, several mills, and has woolen factories. Pop. of t. 907. Sand Lake, t. and p. v., Rensselaer county, JV! Y. : 9 m. E. Albany. Drained by Pocstenkill and Wynantskill creeks, and there are several small ponds in the town affunling ex- cnllent water-power. Surface billy, but has ferlile soil in the valleys. The v. contains manufactories of woolen and cotton goods, a furnace, a glass factory, several flouring, grist, and saw mills, mechanic shops, etc. Pop. of L 2,55S. Sasd Mocntaix, p. o., De Kalb county, Ala. : 149 ra. N. Montgomery. Sandover, p. 0., Abbeville district, S. Car. : 79 m. "W. Columbia. Sandown, t. and p. o., Rockingham county, y. Hinnp,: 27 m. S. E. by S. Concord. Surface uneven ; watered by Squamscot r. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agri- culture, but there are several mills. Pop. 506. Sand Pbaiisie. p. v.. Richland co., Wise. : on the N. of the Wisconsin r.. 64 m. W. by N. Madison. Sand's Mills, p. o., ■Westchester co., 2^. V.: Ill m. S. Albany. Sand Speing, p. o., "Wood co., Tex. : 173 m. N. E. Austin City. Saxdtown, p. v.. Campbell co., Ga.: on the Chattahoo- chee jr.. S7 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Sasdi'sky county, Ohio. Situate N., and contains 45S sq. m. Sandusky r. passes through it centrally, by which and its branches, and by Portage r., it is drained. Surface level, and in parts very low ; soil generally fertile. Agri- culture is the leading pursuit. Pork and beef are exported in large quantities. Farms 1,391 ; manuf. 57 ; dwell. 2,437, and poi). — wh. 14,257, fr. col. 4S— totiil 14,305. Capital: f remnnU Public Wor/cs : Toledo, Norwalk, and Cleve- land R. R. ; Mad River and Lake Erie R. R. (direct line). Sandusky, p. v., Cattaraugus county, N. Y. : on a fork of Cattaraugus cr., 244 ra. W. by S. Albany. Sandl'sky City, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Erie co., Ohio: on the S. side of the bay so called, frbnting the open- ing into, and 3 m. from, Lake Erie, N. J E. Columbus. The V. is based on an extensive quarry of excellent slone, which has been used to a great extent as a building material in the city, as well as an article of export to other places. The ground on whicli the v. is built has a gradual rise from the water for about half a mile, thereby affording a fine view of the lake. The wharves are substantial and commodious, and, with the exception of a short tune in the winter season, are thronged with steamboats and other lake vessels arriving and departing with travelers and nurchandise. There are ship-yards situated here, at which vessels and steamboats are built to a considerable extent. It is connected with Cincinnati by the Mad River and Lake Erie R. R. 218 miles, and to Newark by the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark R. R. 116 miles distant, by which means a heavy tr:insport;ilii>n business is carried on with the interior and tlie t Hiio river. Other roads are projected, and will ere long be buiil. as the Lake Shore line, etc. From a ilelailed statement of Ihe commerce of the port of Sandusky, and other places in the district, published in the T62 " Commercial Reporter," the following statistics arc com- piled, which exhibit a large increase in the business of 1S52 as compared with that of 1S51 : COMMZECE OF eAXDUSKY CITT. ImporU. Ex|iorta. Total Commerce, 1852 $40,S96.0S5 $1S,7S9,S14 ^59,CS5.S99 1S51 13,917,564 4,7.!.5,729 18,673,293 Increase. $26,978,521 $14,034,085 $41,012,606 COMMEKCE OF OTHER PORTS OF DISTRICT. Imports. Exports. Tutul Commerce. 1 852 $4,176,321 $ 1 ,237.267 $5,413,5SS 1851 1,411,918 1,160,153 2,572,071 Increase. .$2,764,403 $77,114 $2,841,517 1S52. 1851. TOTAL OP SANDUSKY DISTRICT Imports. Exports. Total Commerce. . . $45,072,406 $20,027.051 $65,099,4^7 .. 16,329.4S2 5,915,852 21.245.364 Increase. $29,742,924 $14,11 1,199 $43,554,123 To account in part for this great increase, it is proper to state, that tlie exhibit of the commerce for 1S51 did not in- clude money packages by express, which are included in that of 1852. The number of arrivals and departures for the same year, comparatively, were as follows: Arrivals. Depurtures. Total. 1852 3,242 3.250 6.4!12 1S5I 1,993 1.990 3.995 Increase 1,244 1,260 . . 2,494 The Sandusky District extends from Black river to Port Clinton, and has a coast line of 50 miles. Tlie shipping places are Vermilion, Huron, and Port Clinton on the lake, the city of Sandusky, and Seneca within Sandusky bay, and Fremont, 36 miles up Sandusky river. The shipping owned in the district in 1S50 was 7,32S tons. The port has also some small intercourse with the British provinces. Sandusky was originally laid out in 1S17 by two gentle- men from Connecticut, and the first dwelling erected in the fall of that year. The first church was built in 1830. It now contains the county court-house, jail, and other public buildings, several churches, an academy built of stone, three stories high, a large number of 8ti>res. several commission houses, extensive machine shops, at which are manufactured iron for railroad cars; two banks, printing-offices, hotels, and other establishments. A short distance back from the bay is a public square, around which are the principal pub- lic buildings and churches. On the whole, Sandusky is a well-planned and flourishing city, and rapidly increasing in importance. There are five papers published here, the *' S. Mirror," (tlem.) daily and weekly, '"Commercial Register" (com,) daily, "S. Clarion," weekly (whig), " D:nly Sau- diiskian" daily (whig), and "The Gleaner'' monthly (neut.) Pop. 5,058, which includes Portland. Sandtsky river and bay, Ohio; the river rises in Rich- land and Crawford counties, fiows E. into "Wyandrjt county, thence N. by meandering course into Sandusky bay. It is 90 m. long, and though .n rapid stream, afi'nrds good navi- gation at high water. In Crawford co. it is oidy 4 miles dis- tant from a Lead branch of Scioto r. The bay is about 16 m. long, and its average width 8^ miles. It communicates with Lake Erie by a narrow strait, SANDWirn, t and p. v., Barnst:il>le county, 3fass. : on the isthmus of Cape Cod, between Buzzard's and Cape Cod bays. Lat. (1st Cong, cli.) 4I0 45' 31" N., long. 7(1° SO' 13" W. The V. on Cape Cod bay contains 4 churches, an acad- emy, and a very large ghiss factory, producing annually $3uu.00(i worth of very superior glass. Here terminates the Cape C(.d Branch R. R. from Middleboro' on the Fall River R. R., 2S m. ; distance by railroad fVom Boston GS ui. Tho SAN SAN "Sandwich Observer" (neut.) is issued wn-kly. In Ihe I. there are ihree other v., and in il a eonsidt-ratjle (juantity of salt 13 annually manufactured. Pup, of t. in 1S40, 3,719; in ISoO, 4,308. Sandwich, t. and p. o.. Carrnll co.. X. H.imp. .- 46 ni. N. Concdrd. Surface uneven and nmuiitainnus, with some fertile soil. Watered by IJeareamp r., flowing into Ossipee lake and other streams. Squani lake lies partly in il3 S. E. corner, and in its N. part commences Sandwich Min its mouth. Its principal tributary is the West fork, ■which it receives at Louisa, Ky. Sandy Borroir, p. o., Middlesex county, Virg. : 41 m. E. Eichmnnd. Sandy Bridge, p. v., Carroll co., Ttnu. : on Big Sandy r., S3 m. W. Nashville. Sandy Creek, t., p. v., and sta., Oswego co., I^. Y.: on Lake Ontario, 133 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by Little Sandy cr,, and other small streams flowing into the lake. Surface undulating: soil fertile. It contains a furnace, mills, etc. The v. is on the Watertown and Rome K. R., 47 m. N. W. Rome, and has limited manufactures. Pop. of 1. 2.45G. Sandy Creek, p. o., Randolph co., K. Cur.: on a stream 80 called, 55 m. W. Raleigh. Sandy Creek, t, Mercer co., Penn.: ISO m. N. W. Harrisburg. Itcontains numerous saw and othermitls, with several tanneries and distilleries. Pop. 1,100. Sandy Foltndation, p. o., Lenoir co,, iV". Cti)'.: 67 m. S. E. Raleigh. Sandy Gkove, p. v., Chatham county, K. Car,: on one of the head branches of Rocky river, 51 m. W. by N. Ealeigh. Sandy Hill, p. v., Worcester co., Md.: on a creek of Chincoleague bay, SG m. S. E. Annapolis. Sandy IIiLr., p. v., and cap. Washington co., N. Y. : on the left bank of the Hudson r., 46 m. N. by E. Albany, and contains court-house and other county offices, etc. It is located on an elevation, was incorporated in ISIO, and is well laid out, the streets inclosing a triangular area in the centre. In its upper part is a fall of VI feet in the r., ixdow which — distant about \W) rods — is Baker's Falls, with an almost perpendicular fall of 50 feet, producing immense Lyilraulic power, which is much imi)roved by a number of mills and manufactories. Glenn's Falls, feeder of the Cham- plain Canal, passes through, and the Saratoga and Wash- ington R. R. near the place. The "Sandy Ilill Herald" (dem.), and Washington Telegraph" (whig) are weekly issues. This village is noted for its " stated preachings," of which B. F. Butler is the historian, Sandy Hook, X. Jer.: is a sandy beach, extending N. from Old Shrewsbury inlet, and the S. point of llie highlands of Neversink. It is G m. long, has an average width of J m.. and is of note from its proximity to Xew York bay. A lighthouse is here erected, and a floating liglit, with beacons, is stationed off the coast. gA.Ki'y Hook, p. v., Uarford co., JM. : on Deer cr, 45 m. N. Annapolis. The vicinity has excellent farm lands, and is being improved rapidly; and on Ihe creek thi-re is abundance of fine stone, of which the houses are mtjstly built. Pop. 160. Sandy Lakk, t. and p. o„ Merrer co., P'vni.: 1S9 m. N. W. llarrisburg. Drained by Sandy cr., which fio\\sinlo the lake so ealle(, mills, etc. Tlie Erie R. R. passes through the t., on which is Summit station, 194 m. from New York. Pop. of t. 2,5llS. Sanford's CoitNEES, p. o., Jefll-rson co., K Y. : 114 ra. N. W. Albany. San Francisco county, Calif. Situate W. middle, and contains 400 sq. m. It occupies a peninsula between the Bay of San Francisco and the Pacific Ocean. Drained by several creeks flowing into the bay ; and the surface some- what hilly, with fertile valleys. San FranciMiuita creek divides it from Santa Clara county. Gold in small quan- tities has been found in this creek, which rises in the Sierra Moreno, or Brown .Mountains, running along the coast, and in some places 2,000 feel high, afl'ording protection to the valley from the coast winds. Coal has been discovered in the county, and there is excellent red wood in several local- ities. Soil rich an*! productive, and agricultural resources great, but undeveloped. Assessed value of property $17,794,711. Pop. in Kj2. 86. l.M— whites S5,531. negroes 323. mulailoes 141, Indians 159. and of the whites 19.303 are foreign residents— 34,>*76 in the city. Cajatul : San Fran- cisco. 703 SAN SAX San FRANcisro, p. cily, port of entry, and cap. San Fran- cisco CO., < 'iil'if. : on a narrow neck f»f land between the bay of the same name and the Pacific Ocean, frontin'r eastward on llie b;iy. and having the ocean five niilt'S on the west. Laf.oflhe Presidio, 3"° 47' 85" N.. and long. 122° 26' 15' W. Tlie year that gave birth to Ihe great Western Uepublic on the Atlantic shore also witnessed the first permanent set- tlement on the coast of CaUfornia. In 1776. two Catholic mi^sionaries — Francisco Palon and Benitii Cambnn — landed on the Hay nf j^:in Francisco, and pniceeded to establish a cenlral ]ioint for their operations in civilizing and C'hristian- izing the native tribes. Finding a fertile tract, capable of irrigation, near 2 m. S. of the present city, they chose that for ili'.ir home, and founded the Mission Dolores, a name comniemoralive of the sufferings of the Virgin. The mis- sions of Snn Jos6, Santa Clara, San Rapliai^l, and others, were established subsequently, and were dependent on tlial of San Francisco. On the present site of the city a few houses were erected about the same time. This sclUement was called Yerlja Buena — " good herb," because a herb of that name, reputed medicinal and sometimes used as a sub- stitute fnr Chinese tea, was found in abundance on the sur- roundini; hills. The town retainen Ihe mission llourislied rapidly; the Indians learned to repose confidence in the padres, and embraced with avidity the new religion and many of the arts of civilization; they lived in small com- munities, and were occupied in tilling the earth and other emplnymeuts under the direction of the missionaries. Some idea of tlie extent of the operalions of llie padres may be formed from the fact that there belonged lo tlie mission at one period 20.000 head of catlle. 8,(H)() Imrses, and SO.OOO sheep. In ISIO the number of Christian baptisms had reached 3.S96. and in 1S31, the period of greatest prosperity, Uie whole number had amounted to G,sS3. From this date the mission declined, and the Indians were ririven off by poliiie:d disturbances. From 1S31 to ISW the number of bai)tisius was only 4GS. Of the entire list, it is computed that nine- tenths were Indians, and the remainder Californians or im- migrants and tJieir descendants, principally from Mexico. Ill the mean time the town was slowly increasing, some im- portance being attached to it in consequence of Ihe hides and tallow which it exported. In lS3i» it was laid out as a town by C;tpt:iin Jller, treasurer, tax collector, city attorney, street commissioner, three county assessors, county justice, constable, eight aldermen, and eight assistant .alder- men. The police force consists of a captain, assistant cap- tain, and thirty-two men. Several of the heavy mercantile houses emi)loy special ijolicemen, maintained at their own expense, but clothed with authority by the mayor and mar- shal. The health department levies (me dolbtr from each passenger landing by sea, which entitles the sick to admis- sion into the City Hospital free of charge for the subsequent six months. The general condition of the city in 1S52 may be gathered SAN SAN from Ilie Slate census of that year, and uIIilt returns rcfur- rin/«(■«'■ Merchants' \rag- aziiie"' lor May, 1S53. though iliffering somewliat from the above, will nevertheless be most valuable on account of it3 showing the character of the shipping, both entered and cleared, at the port: ENTF.-\>-CE5, 1S52. ClLiracttT. Tori! Steamers. 57. 40,046 Ships ....139.119.0,55. Barks 53. 17,686. Brigs.... 64. 11.221. Schooners 20. 2.733. fniKi foreign poru. Atneri.iui. Forei:ni. Tonl. No. long. So. ions No, Tons .69. .72.441. 1.. 3S9.. 127. 118.876 .23. .16.275. 93. ..52.3^2. .260.187,712 .33.. 10,279. 141.. 61,544.. 237. 79,8 9 .64. .11,283.112. .19,732. .24'1. 42.236 ..53.. 0.660. 00.. 6,392.. 139. 16,321 Total . .-'Ai 196,7^1 252 116,944 407 131,289 1,003 445,014 Cliuracter. Steamers Ships . .. Barks. . . Brigs . . . CLEAR.\NCES, 1352. AnipriMn, For foreign ports, ro.islwi^e. American. Foreign. No. Tons. Ko. Tons. .\o. ions. . 90. 57,75.3. 60. 6S,511. 2.. 773 22. 18,7.39.141.112.1.35. 93.. .51.423 IS. 12,170. 74. 21.303. 134.. .52,577. 92. 15,416. 64. 11.625.107. .18.477 Total. Nn. Tons. .1.53.127,047 .2,56.132,.302 .2.56. S6.015 .203. 4.5.61S Sdiooners453. 29,424. 46. 6,545. 59.. 0,723. ..5.53. 41,657 Total ..705 133,507 391 219,641 405 129,9331,491 433,139 The following are the statistics of the arrivals from East- ern dotneslic ports during tlic year, with the poi-ts from which they sailed, the tonnage, etc. : Wlience. Vessels. Tons. Av. passs.^e. Boston. M;iss New Vork. N.T... Philadelphia. Pa... Baltimore. Md .. 4T.... .. 99.... .. 7.... . 6.... .. 1.... . 1.... .. 3... ... 84.241.... ... 83,339.... ... 2.S39.... ... 1,390.... 190 14H day ... 1.50 « ... 161 " ... 179 " ... 1.56 " New London, Ct. .. Iliehmond, Ya . ... 1.35.... ... 2,007.... ... 135 " ... 1.59J " Ves. 6.. The arrivals during as lliUows; Mon;lis. Jan. Fcl>... 8. 7. 13. 11. 3. the difTerenl months of the year were .Mar... April . May.. .Tune. . Tons. . 5.941. S.23S. 4,.557. 10,267. 7,695. 2,864. ,-. days. 140 im l:)2 137i 149 129 Months. Ves. July.. IS. Aug,. 17. Sept. . 18. Oct. ..27. Nov. . 22 . Dec. . IS. 14,4;!9. 12,124. 1(1.622. 19.441 . 1.5.'s77. 12,235. UOi 1431 156i 160J 161 1534 The twelve shortest passages of the year were as follows : Nsme. Ffofo. Dateofarr. Dajs. New York . 8word Fish New York Flying Fish Boston . . . BtatTordshire " St)v. of the Seas. Comet Wd.l I'igc.n.... John Kerlr.Ttn .. Shooting .'itar... Celestial Courier Boston ... Eclipse New York Sea Witch " Boston . New York.. .Feb. 10.. . ■' 15.. .Aug. 13.. .N.IV.15.. ..J.an. 13.. . . " 28 . . ,.Mar.26.. .Aug. 17.. .Feb. 17.. . .Ap. 53.. 92 93 101 103 104 1114 105 105 107 103 103 10.3 " Dec. 9... The number of passengers arriving and plcaring by sea at San Francisco, during the year ending 23th Dee., 1S52, was as follows: Pjissen^era. 'Arriving. Clearing. Males" 67.316 22,554 Females 5,223 300 Children 1.051 2 Total 64,191) 22,946 —excess of arriv.als 41 .241. The arrivals overland and at other ports may be set down at 10,000, which would give to the Slate an increase of upward of 50,000 in the year, irre- spective of natural increase. 76c SAN Subjoined is a statement of tlic numtier of vessels wliich have sailed from the Atlantic Stales for California, each month, since the discovery of gold. M,.„ii, 1948. isw. i«""- '»" I*''-- .Tanuarv - 83 83 2G 14 J.Vl,n.arv - M S.S 11 20 March .■ - M 109 IS 24 April - 21 69 8 " Mav - 2S 3S 4 23 .)mc - 84 33 5 2S Jnly - 42 25 6 15 August - 50 20 4 27 S^eptemlier - 40 2:5 4 31 October 3 T4 87 10 34 November 6 105 « ^* 2C December 11 SO 21 11 — Total. . 20 67S 6S6 121 222 . The amount of gold dust shipped by steamers from the port of San Francisco, during the year ending :JIst December, 1S52, was, according to a table carefully prepared by Adams .& Co., $45,5ST,803 ; of which *39,00T,307 was destined for New York, $470,78:3 for New Orleans. .^6,020,027 for Lon- don, $40,000 for Panama, and $4:3,020 for San Juan. The shipments for the several months were. $2,905,770 for .Tanu- ary $1,770,122 for February, $2,173,304 f.ir March, $3,467,293 for April, $5,470,923 fur May, $3,570,200 for June, $4,119,5n9 for July, $3,019,929 for August, $4,108,630 for September, $5,O07,:3^e for October, $5,253,499 for November, $4,056,172 for December. The amount of gold dust manifested and shipped by sad- ing vessels during the same time was $213,518; of which $97,907 was sent to Valparaiso, $22,011 to Hong Kong, $47,000 to Canton, $7,000 to Shanghao, and $39,000 to porta in China. The amount of coin manifested during tlie same time was $4.15.2.^3; of which $185,061 was shipped to Iloug Kon2. $12,000 to Whampoa, $25,000 to Sbanghae, $75,850 to ports in Cliina, $32,4:32 to Valparaiso, $49,850 to Manilla, $4,000 to I'unta Arenas, and $71,000 to Honolulu. The total amount of gold dust and coin manifested and shipped on board steamers and sailing vessels during the vcar 1352 was $46,256,574. This, of course, does not show all the gold dust exported during the year, as many vessels are in tlie habit of taking large amounts abroad witlioul noting them on their manifests. To obtain the actual export it would be necessary to add these unknown shipments, and also an estimate for the amount taken away in the hands of passengers. This last may safely be put down for the year at $10.01 10,000, showing a total export of gold from California during the year 1352 of about $56,000,000. The history of San Francisco since the American occu- pancy, is full of interest and instruction. Within the brief space of 5 or G years, it has risen from a comparatively small village, to a mighty city, eomm.anding the trade of the world, a.urihe destined port of a large moving population. Tlic war with Mexico, which broke out iii 1846, gave a first impulse to its commerce, by requiring the shipment of sup- plies for military purposes. In March, 1347, there were in the harbor the extraordinary number i>f six vessels— the imports fir the last quarter of that year atTUiunteil to $49,0oo, and the exports to $53,000. At this period, the number of inh:ibil:inl.s, exclusive of Indians, was 375. Eight months later when a census was taken by the Board of School Trustees, the number exceeded SOO, of which 00 were ot scliobistic age. Tills increase of more than 100 per cent, in eight months, took place before the discovery of gold, and wiien California was sought merely for agricuUural and commercial juirposes. Tlie first school-house was completed in Dec., 1347, and the town council passed a resolution, that '■ not exceeding $400 be appropriated to the jiaymenl of the teacher of the public school of this place, $200 to be paid at the expiriition of the first six mouths, and $200 to be paid 766 SAN at the expiration of twelve months, from the commencement of the school. This was the day of sraaU things. Gold was a scarce article, except as a hidden treasure. The (irst American school in California was duly opened on Monday, 3d April, 1343. It appears that the early settlers were bent on reducing the town to the order and decorum of some Atlantic cities. Oniinances were passed in 1847 imposing a line of $5 on any person allowing hogs to run at large, and a fine of $20 on any person discharging llrc-arms within a mile of the public square. C»mplaint8 wcfrc even made in the newspaper, against the practice of smoking cigars in the magistrates' office and other public phici«. la January, 1347, an ordinance was published, directing that the name of Verba Buena, as ajiplied to the town, be changed to San Francisco, in all public documents and recor.ls. On the 13th Sept., the first election was held, for six members of council. The number of votes polled was 200. The *' steamboat" made its experimental trip on the 15th Nov. of that year. This pioneer in steam navigation was a diminutive vessel, the name of which is not given. In April, 1347, a semi-monlhly mail wiis established to San Diego and other southward points. On the Ist of April next year, the "California Sliif F.xpress" left by the overland route. This formidable enterprise, the first regular convey- ance to the States, was announced to go through, as far as Independence, in GO days. The postage on a letter was 50 cents. Early in 1S4S, an excitement appears to have taken hold of the public mind, in regard to the supposed mineral treasures of the country ; but it is worthy of remark, that gold was the metal least thought of. The quicksilver mines near San Jose had long been known and worked. Copper was discovered somewhere, saltpetre and sulphur also, a quarry of limestone was opened, and coal had been found near San Francisco. Silver it was said had also been discovered. To this metal, indeed, more llian any other, was expectation directed, and people seemed to have an idea that the land was underlaid with silver ore. The first discovery of gold was made near Sutter's Fort, 30 miles from New Helvetia, in Dec., 1347, and by tlie ensuing spring, the " yellow fever" as it was facetiously called, had carried off the greater part of the population. Stores were closed, and houses left tenanlless, and every thing wore a desolate ami sombre look. Lawyers, merchants, grocers, carpenters, and cooks, rushed in one motley assemblage to the mines. The newspapers ceased their issues. This suspension of trade and business, however, was soon succeeded by the most extraordinary activity. Adventurers from all nations, and merchandise of all kinds began to pour into the town, on its way to the mining regions. The fors.aken buildings re- ceived a now tenantry, and the store-houses were in demand for mercantile purposes. In August, emigrants began to arrive at the rate of 600 a month, and in the middle of September, the harbor is described as crowded with shi])- ping, the wharf lined with goods, and the streets filled with a busy throng. In the first two months of the golden age, the amount of dust brought into San Francisco was estimated at $250,000 ; and in the next two months, at $000,000, In Sept., 1848, an era took place in the hisbiry of the city: a square-rigged vessel— the brig Belfast, from New York, had arrived, laden with a valuable cargo. She hauled up at Broadway wharf, the only one accessible to such a vessel, and there discharged. No sooner was she known to bo landing ber cargo, than real estate rose 50 per cent. A vacant lot on the corner of Washington and Montgomery streets, at that time bordering on the water, which bad been ofl'ered for $5,000 and refusee country in June uf this year was lo.OOO. nf whom the greater portion had debarked at this port, 8ivly-four vessels were in the harbor. In the month of July there arrived by sea 3,614 souls. Some idea of the rapid march of ihc country in those times may be formed, from the fact that, on a single day, the 1st July, there arrived 17 vessels witli SS9 passengers. In August the population was cominited at 5,000. The num- ber nf arrivals during the month had been 3,S95. In Sept., 5.S02 .-irrived, and in October almut 4.000. The Baptists built the first Protestant house of worship in OaUfornia, and dedicated it on the 5th August, 1849. Central wharf was finished in the latter part of this year. In October a little iron steami)oat was launched, and was placed on the route to Sacramento. On one of her trips she brought a number of salmon from Sacramento, which sold readily at $1 per pound, and si>me of the fisli brought as high a price as $45. The steamboats M'Kim and Senator were shortly after put on the same route. AU tlie.sc vessels were crowded with passengers. An election to aiiopL the constitution, and to choose State officers, was held on the 13ih November, when the number of ballots cost was 3,169, of which only 5 were in the negative. In the winter of 1S49-50 the business of San Francisco was almost suspended on account of the im- pas^abIe condition of the streets from rain, and in numerous instances persons are said to have perished in the mud. At this period the most motley populalion in the world was congregated in San Francisco, and tlie capricious taste of the citizens, in regard of drcs?, served to add to the ap- parent diver.sity. Every man had his own standard of fashion entirely independent of the rest of the world. As the female population increased, however, the coslume of Ihc men began to approach a more uniform standard, and now, even the slouch hat, which so lonir distinguished the Califoriiian. iiaa given place to trim and formal modes from Broadway and (.'hcstnut Street. In those tiays the humor of the people inclined tliem not in the slightest degree toward intellectual pursuits. Front the multitude of gam- bling and drinking houses, and the erowtls that filled them, one might have inferred that driidving was a universal haltit, ami that gambling was a regular occupation of one- half of the people, and the nitrhtly diversion of the other half. In the progress of civilization and refinement, during the winter two theatres were kept in operation, and a por- tion of the citizens began to anmse themselves with con- certs, lialis. dinner parlies, and military suppers. The first rush homeward took place in this winter. Driven from llie mines by the weather, many of tlie most fortunate adven- turers Io(*ked toward their distant friends. All tickets for Ihe steaiiuTs being taken, extraordinary prices mitc ntfered for ilicm — fur steerage tickets, the original cost of wliicli waa $150, as nuteh a.s $450 was frequently given. The first of the scries of calamitous conflagrations tiiat have marked tlie history of Ihe city, broke out on the 24lli Dec, 1>49, anuined, in houses and merchandise, properly valued at $1,000,000. The fire of Nov., 1852, burned over a portion of the satncgrounti, but with less destruction. Early in 1^50 an express wagon made its appearance in the streets; and in daiiuary of tliiw year, a curious incident transpired, in the pidjlic sale of three females from Sidney, to pay tlieir passage money. Tliey wt-re sold fur five niontlis at $15 each — the captain of the vessels pocketing Ihe money wilh entire satisfaction. In March was formed tlie "Stranger's Benevolent Society," for the relief of the in. : 152 m. E. by S. Austin City. San Jacinto river, T&p. : rises in "Walker county, flows S. S. E., receiving numerous tributaries, of which the prin- cipal one is East fork, and empties into San Jacinto bay, an arm of Galveston bay. It is navigable about 45 m., is very deep, and its water is very clear and wholesome. San Joaquin county, Calf/. Situate centrally, and con- tains about n,GOO sq. m. Drained by San Joaquin r. and its tributaries, Moquelumne, Calaveras, and Stanislaus rivers. Moquelunme r. on the N., and Stanislaus r. on the S., form ils btnin-lnries in those directions. The banks of these rivers are rapidly being settled. A large portion bor- dering on the San Joaquin and Moly to and fro in the bay deposit and take in their freights. The vessels range from 10 to 20 tons. The principal quicksilver mines in the Stale are about 20 m. S. of this place. Pop. 1,200. San Juan, p. v., Monterey county, Calif : at the base of Santa Cruz Mountain, in the valley of San Juan. SS m. S. E VaUejo. There are several mines in the vicinity. San Juan Baptisto, mission, Monterey county, Calif : about 104 m. S. E.A'allejo. A tract of orchard land, in good state of cultivation, and well watered. Like other missions in C-ilifornia, it is in private hands, either by claim or pre- emption. San LoTjra, p. o., Brazoria county, Tex. : 154 m. E. S. E. Austin City. San Luis Obispo county, OiHf Situate S. on thePaciflc, and contains 4,600 sq. m. Surface hilly, being traversed by the Coast Range and other mountains. The streams are the Nacimiento, divi()4,S43, and in village property to $40,000. Top. of that year, 9S4 — whites 494— males 331, and females 1G3 ; negroes S — males 4, and females 4; foreign rcsidcn(.<, l"2l— males 85, and females 36. Over 21 years of age— citizens of U. S., 343, negroe.s 4, and foreigners 77. There are ^7 ranches in tile CO., chiefly held under Mexican grants, containing in all 550,000 acres. Capital: San Luis Obispo. San Luis Obispo, v., port, and cap. San Luia Obispo co,, Calif. : h:df-way from Santa Barbara to Monterey, and 177 miles S. E. Vallejo. The v. is located un a small stream, 9 m. from the harbor. An unsafe port in winter. Although having an extensive seaboard, it is not well watered. Lat. Sjo 10' ;J7.f." N., and long. 120° 43' 31" W. Ten miles S. of the V. are the warm sulphur springs— the panacea of the natives. San Marco, p. o., Travis co., Tex. San Mahcos river, Tex. : the principal tributary of Gua- dalupe r. Is a large stream rising in the S. 10. corner of Gillespie county, and flows E. and S. K. to itd confluence Willi the Guadalupe, near Gonzales. San Migl'rl county, y, 3le.i\ Situate centr.ally toward N., and immediately E. of Santa E6. Area 3,500 sq. in. Drained by the upper waters of Pecos and by Canadian rivers, which are here comparatively small streams. Sur- face elevated, and in the W. mountainous, being travcrsei;o, v. and port. Los Angclos co,, <'\ Situate between SS^ 30' and 39° 57' lat. N., and extending from the Uocky Mount- ains W. to about 112^ long. W. It is drained by Green and Grami rivers, the consHluents of the Kio Color.ado, and in the liills which cross it:* W. portion, Nicollet r. has its sources. Timber of various kinds is abundant, and bituminous coal, gypsum, salt, etc., are found in abundance. Farms 51; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 62, ami pop. — wh. 305, Ir. col. — total 365. Capital : Manti City. San Uafael, p. v., and cap. M;irin co., Calif : is hiid out al the uld mission of the same name, on the W. side of Pal)Io bay, an arm of San Francisco bay. 23 m. W. of Val- lejo, It is a pleasant, site, and wlien the resources of its unijulating. wooded, and arable back country shall be de- ve!"pfd, it will become an impurlaiit iioint. San llAiioN, p, o., Contra Custa couuty, Calif. : 39 m. S. Valh-jo. San Simeon, port, San Luis Obispo co., Calif. : on the bay so called, 40 m. N, W, San Luis Obisjio and 15S m. S, S. E. Vallejo, lat.350 3S' 24"N.,and long. 12|O10'22"W. It has little or no harbor, being nearly an open ro;idsleail. Santa Anna county, N. Jlex. Situate centrally toward N,, and contain.s about 400 sq, m. The PJo Grande and Santa F6 county bound it on the E., and on tlie W, it is bounded by the Sierra Madre, the highest peak of which in this couuty is Mount Taylor. The Puerco and other tribu- taries of the Pio Grande, drain the surface, whieli. with tho exception of the immediate valley of the river, is essen- tially mountainous. Farms 144; manuf. 0; dwell. 973, and pop. — wh. 4.644, fr. col. 1 — total 4,64.') Capital: Jenu'z. Santa Anna, p, v., De Witt co., ///. ; ou the head branch of Salt cr„ 60 m. N. E. Springfield. Santa Baiibaha county, Calif. Situate S. on the Paciflc, and contains about 4.300 sq. m. The principal streams are the Santa Clara, forming the S. E. boundary, the San Eue- n;ivenlura, Santa Inez, and a small stream forming the N. boundary. These are all small streams, rising in the Coast llange of mountains, which, on the E. border of the county rise to the height of I'rom 3,000 to 4,iiu0 feet, and arc vol- canic. The waters of the coast abound in corvinas, black fish, mackerel, crawfiih, sardines, clams, and many other species of excellent fish and crustacLe, A bed oC oysters, 150 yards long and 25 yards wide, and 3 feet thick, has been discovered within the pueblo limits of Sanla Barbara, the oysters being of uncommon size and good flavor. The islands off the coast are the rendezvous of otters, seals, sea elephants, and beaver. There are several fine valleys in the county, much of the soil of which is fertile arable land, and along the streams is susceptible of irrigation. About one-third the surface is a*lapted for cere;d agriculture and liorliculture. Fruit of all kinds, vines, melons, etc., grow finely. The grasses are luxuriant and nutritious, and vege- tation generally fully developed. Agricullurc, however, ia in a very rude stale, and the material for fencing scarce, For dairy farming the cwarJ N., 770 and contains about SOO sq. m. The Rio Grande forms ita W. boundary, and supplies water for irrigation, but is not navigable. The cultivated lands are all on the river bord- ers — farther E. is a sandy waste, but seldom ever traversed except by the trader and Indian. Gold, silver, and other metals are found in the county. Farms 718; manuf. 6; dwell. 1,561, and pop.— wh. 7,704, fr. col. 9— total 7,718. Capital: Santa F6. Santa Fe. p. o., Maury co., Tenn.: 41 m. S. byW. Nashville. Santa Fe, p. o., Bracken county, Ay, : 60 miles N. E. Frankfort. Santa Fe, p. v., Miami co., Ti\d. : on Big Pipe er. of the Wabash r., 61 m. N. Indianapolis. Santa Fe, p. o., Alexander county, lU. : 175 m. S. by E. Springfield. Santa Fe, p. city, and cap. Santa F6 co., and capital of the Tenntory of New Mexico : is situated about 20 m. E. from the Rio Grande. Lat 35° 41' 6" N., long. 106° 02' 03" \V. Its site is a wide plain, surrounded by lofty mountains. Its elevation above the sea is about 7,047 feet. A small creek, ri&ing in the hills, and flowing past the city to tbe Rio Grande, supplies it with water. The land around is sandy, poor, and destitute of timber, but the mountains are covered with pine and cedar. The climate is delightful, without extremes; the sky is clear, and the atmosphere dry. The streets are irregular and narrow. The houses are built of adobes, one story high, with flat roofs, and in square form, with an area in the centre. There are two churches (Catliolic) with steeples, but of ordinary construction. The inhabiiants are chiefly a mixture of Spaniards and Indians, with a few Americans. Their manners and customs are those of the whole country, and similar to those of other sottloments of Spanish origin. For many years this place has been the main point of trade in this region, ami many of tbe companies engaged therein have amassed large for- tunes. In 1850 two newspapers were published, *^ The New Mexican," weekly, and ''Sauta F6 Republican," tri-weckly. Pop. in 1850, 4,846. Santa Fe was founded about 15S1. Its history, with that of the territory, previous to belonging to Ihe United States, is a continuous record of barbarism and tyranny. It was taker* by Gen. Kearney, on September Sth, 1846. Santa Maria river, Calif: constitutes about one half of the boundary between Sauta Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties, and is about 35 m. long. Santa Rosa county, Flor. Situate W., and contains 1.500 sq. ra. Drained by Blaekwater and Tellow rivers and Cold \Vatcr, Clear Water, and Sweet Water creeks. Escambia r. runs along its W. border. Surface level ; soil very fertile. Chief productions, cotton, rice, sugar, grain, fruits, and vegetables. Santa Rosa island runs along its S. shore, with inlets N. and S. to Ihe sound. Farms 91; manuf. 25; dwell. 526, and pop.— wh. 2,095, fr. col. 4, si. 7S4— tot.al 2.853. Capital: Milton. Puhlio Works: Fort Gaines and Peu- gacola R. R. ; Montgomery and Florida E. R„ etc, Santa Rosa island, Calif : 13 m. S. W. Santa Cruz island, 36 m. S. by W. Santa Barbara (Santa Barbara co.), and 273 m. S. S. E. Vallejo. Santee, p. o., Covington co., ^f^.•^s.: on a tributary of the Pascagoula r., 62 m. 8. S. E. Jackson. Santee river, S. Car. : is formed at S K. comer of Rich- land CO. by the junction of the Congaree and Wateree rivers (the head streams of which rise in North Carolina), flows E. S. E., and empties into the Atlantic by two mouths. It is navigable for sloops about 130 m. Santyam city. Linn co., Orcfg. : tt the confluence of San- tj am r. with the Willamette, and about equidistant between Salem and Albany. Sanybel island, Flor. : lies off N. E. comer of Monroe CO., is 9 m. long and 2 m. wide. Sapelo island. Ga. : is E. of M'lutosh co., to which it bo- longs, between Sapelo sound and Doby inlet It is 10 m. long, 5 wide, and has a lighthouse at its S. end- SAP SAR Sapling Grote> p. o., Washington co., Jlrg.: 204 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Sappington, p. o., St. Louis co., Mo. : 87 m. E. Jefferson City. Sarah, p. c, Blair co., Penn. : 7S m. W. ITarrisburg. A furaace moved by water-power, of 1,400 tons annual capa- city, 13 located here. Saraiisville, p. o., Franklin co., III. : 127 m. S. S. E. Springfield. Saieaiisville, p. v., and cup. Noble co., 0/iio: 7G m. E. Columbus. It contains llie county buildings, etc. Saranac, t and p. v., C'linlon co,, K. )*. ; 16 ni.W. Platts- burg, and 138 miles N. Albany. Brained by the river so called, which runs through it in a S. W. direction, affording extensive water-power, and the soil along its banks is rich and well cultivated. The surface is hilly and mountainous, abounding in deposits of iron ore, and heavily timbered. The V. contains a forge and glass factory, 8e\cral mills, etc. Pop. of t. 2,0S2. Saeanao lakes, Upper and Lower, Franklin co., A\ Y.: lie in the S. E. part of the co., and are connected by Kound lake, which together form one body of water. Their outlet from the lower lake is by Saranac r. The length of the upper lake is 10 m., that of the lower 7 m., and ibe width of eacli is from 2 to 3 m. liound lake is about 4 in. long, and moblly 3 m. wide. Each abounds with trout and other fish. Saraxac river, X. Y. : rises in lower Saranac lake, flows in N. E. general course, and empties into Cuml)erlann the S. of the v., near Con-jress Spring, the most copi- ous and most salubrious of all the springs in Saratoga. It was discovered in 1792 by a member of Congress named Gillman; the Pavilion, on the site of a spring so called, near the Flat P.ock, is surrounded by highly cultivated grounds, and as is the case with a number of others, is only kept open during the summer months for the accommoda- tion of visitors. A number of other hotels and boaniing- bouses are kept open throughout the year. High Kock and Black Rock springs were first discovered in 1773, being then the resort of invalids ; and now there are 10 or 12 im- portant mineral fountains, most of them located near the margin of a brook which runs tiirough the v. on the E-, in whose waters the mineral elements of soda, magnesia lime, and iron, with others of no less volume, are combined, in different proportions, with carbonic acid gas. The pre- vailing character is that of saline and chalybeate waters. Congress, "Washington, Putnam*s, Pavilion, Iodine, Hamil- ton. Empire, Flat Rock, and High Rock springs are the most celebrated for their medicinal qualities. Located east of Saratoga Springs is a cluster of mineral springs known as "Ten Springs," the most celebrated of which is called Union Spring, Large quantities of these waters are annually exported to different parts of the country, bringing in a handsome income, most of them being owned by private individuals. The waters are liighly efficacious in mauy inveterate cases of disease, and has an effect on the healthy system to renovate and invigorate its energies when relaxed from long confinement, etc. Their medicinal properties are of the cathartic and tonic kinds. The following is an anal- ysis of several of the springs, taken from a work by Dr. U. L. Allen, a physician resident at Saratoga: Congress SpHjigs. — To one cubic gallon: chloride of sodium, gra. 390.246; hydriodate of soda and bromide of potassium, 6.000; carbonate of soda, 9.213; carbonate of magnesia, 100.9S1; carbonate of lime. I03.41G ; carbonate of iron, 1.000; silex and alumina, 1.036; solid contents, 611.892; carbonic acid gas, 3S6.1SS ; atmospheric air, 3.261. Gaseous contents, 3S9.449. High Pock S/jriitg.—To one gallon: chloride of sodium, grs. 190.223; carbonate of magnesia, 62.100; car- bonate of lime, 71.5^3 ; carbonate of soda, 2.177 ; silex and alumina, 2.500 ; hydrobroniate of potash, a small quantity. Solid contents, 351.197. Carbonic acid gas, 331.666; atmos- I)heric air, 2.000. Gaseous contents, 333.666. Uamilton Spring. — To one gallon: chloride of sodium, grs. 290.500; carbonate of soda, 33.500; carbonate of lime, 95.321; car- bonate of magticsia. 3S.O00 ; carbonate of iron. 4.500; hydri- odate of soda, 3.500; bromide of potash, a trace; silex ani\9 Spr-ing. — To one gallon: chloride of sodium, grs. 220.000; carbis, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio : 99 miles E. i S. Columbus. Sarecta, p. v., Duplin co., JV' Ofr. : on the E. side of N. E. cr. of Fear r., 72 m. S. E. Kaleigh. Sarhpta, p. Y., Lafayette co., JifLss. : on a branch of Tal- labuslia r., 133 ra. N. N. E. Jackson. Sariktta, p. o., Marion county, Virff.: 1S9 m. N. W. Kichmond. Sarveesvtli-e, p. o., Butler co., Peiin. : IGl m.W. N. W. Harrisburg. Sassafras river. Md. ; rises in Di-Iaware, and flows W., between Cecil and Kent counties, into Chesapeake bay, of which its principal portion is properly a broad inlet. Sassafras Hill, p. v., Washington co., III. : on the "W. side of Litlle Crooked cr., 93 m. S. by E. Springfield. Sataktia, p. v., Yazoo co., Mm. : on a small stream flowing into the Yazoo r., 33 m. N. "W. Jackson, Pop. about ISO. Saccruto, v., Marin co., Odif.: on the bay of San Fran- cisco, near the entrance to the harbor, 27 m. (direct) S. W. Vallejo. This place was laid out by a company of enterpris- ing men, on Ihe ranches of W. Kiehardson, Esq. It has one of the best ancliorages to be found in the whole bay, and was formerly a favorite resort of whale ships, whieh visited Ihe purl for fuel, water, and supplies. The site of the town is small, but it is securely protected from Ihe disagreeable winds whicli blow from the sea, by high hills behind iL It is surrounded by a fine agricultural country. Saucon Vali-et, p. o., Lehigh co., Perm. : 83 m. E. by N". Harrisburg. SAiroATircK, p. o., Allegan co., Mich,: on the Michigan City and Grand Haven post route, S7 m. W. Lansing. 6AUGERTIE3, t aud p. o., Ulster eo., IT'. V. : on the right bank of the Hudson r., 43 m. S. by W. Albany. Drained by Plaltsville and Esopus creeks, tributaries of the Hudson r. Surfiice on the W. mountainous, being covered by the Cats- kill Mountains, and on the E. moderately uneven ; soil of average fertility. It derives immense water-power, princi- pally from the falls on Esopus cr., and is much improved by several manufactories, bloomeries, mills, etc. The p. o. is located in the v. of Ulster, near the falls, at which point a bridge with one arch of 2,G00 feet span crosses the river. Steamboats and sloops ply between this place and New York. It contains a bank and other places of business, and 18 oue of the most flourishing manufacturing places in the State. The ''Ulster Telegraph" is a weekly (dem.) issue. Pop. oft. S,04S. Sauous, t. and p. v., Essex co., 3fass.: 7 m. N. Boston. Taken from Lynn, and incorporated under its present name in 1S15. Drained l>y Saugus r., which passes through it, and enters Lynn bay on the S. Surface near the r. and 7T2 bay is level, but the uplands are rough and rocky.- A great part of the t. toward the sea is covered by salt meadows ; in other parts the soil is rich and well cultivated. It contains some manufactories, a lumber-yard, etc. The v. is on the Saugus Branch E. R. Pop. oft 1,552. Sauk county, WiJiC. Situate toward the S. W., and con- tains 9S5 sq. m. Baraboo r. flows through it from "W. to E., by which and its branches, and by small streams of Wis- consin r., it is drained. Surface hilly; soil fertile; on the Wisconsin are some fine tracts of land, which are very pro- ductive. It is well timbered. Farms 245, manuf. 7, dwell. S44, and pop.— wh. 4,370, fr. col. 1— total 4,371. Cajjital : Adams. Safk Papids, p. v., and cap. Benton co., Minn Ter. : at the second rapids, on the left bank of the Mississippi r., G7 m. N. W. SI- Paul. It contains a court-house, etc. Saitk Village, p. o., La Porto co., Ind. : 125 m. N. N. W. Indianapolis. Saukville, t. and p. v., Washington co., Wt'iic, : 75 m. E. N. E. Madison. Drained by Milwaukie r. The v. is on theW. side of the r. Pop. of v. S40, and of 1. 1.796. Saitlt de Ste Marie, t., p. v., and cap. Chippewa co., Mich.: bordering on St. Mary's r. or strait. 255 m. N. Lansing. The v. has an elevated location on the border of the r.. at the Falls of Ste Marie, and is an old Jesuit mission- ary station. It is a famous fishing-place, immense quantities of white fish being caught and salted there for the markets of the West. The falls are merely rapids, with a fall of only 20 feet in a mile. It contains a court-house, jail, and other public buildings. At Fort Brady is a U. S. military post, and a storehouse of the American Fur Company, and there is also a U. S. land office located here. Vessels come to the foot of the rapids, and the cargoes are transported three-fourths of a mile by land to the head of the rapids, and re-shipped. The inhabitants are composed of Americans, French, and Indians. They employ themselves chiefly in trading for furs, and in the fisheries. In 1S50 Sault de Ste Marie had ISO dweUings, 890 inhabitants, 15 of whom were colored ; and the value of real estate owned. $101,980. The imports for same year amounted to $151,134, and the exports $340,800. The ''Lake Superior Journal" is a weekly (min- ing) issue. A canal is in course of construction around the Falls, to be 100 feet wide and 12 deep, with locks 250 feet long and 60 feet wide, the whole length to be one mile, so that the navigation of the lower lakes may pass readily these fulls into Lake Superior. SALrNDEKSVTLLE, p. V., Vaudcrburgh CO., Ind.: on the Evansville and Illinois R. P., 133 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. It is a small but neat village, and has a fine agricultural country surrounding it. Saundersville, p. 0., Worcester co,, Mass.: 145 m. W. Boston. Sauquoit, p. v., Oneida co., JVi 5' ; on both sides of Sau- quoit cr., 81 m. W. N. W. Albany. The water-power is good, and is much improved by manufactories, mills, etc. In the vicinity is an inflammable sulphur spring, the waters possessing valuable medicinal qualities, and the gas which escapes is used for lighting the public house, which is located near by. Sauta, p. T., Jackson co., Ala. : on a small cr. of the Tennessee r., 157 m. N. Montgomery. Savagk, p. v., Howard county, Ml. : on the Lillle Pa- tuxent r., and on the Washington Branch 11. P., 20 m. N. W. Annapolis. There are extensive iron works in the vicinity. Savage river, Alleghany co., Md. : a large stream drain- ing the valley between Hoop Pole Mountain and Great Savage Mountain, from both of which it derives its waters, and falling into the N. branch of the Potomac f., about 2 m. W. of Lonaconing cr. Monro Kun. Middle fork, and Crab- tree cr. are its principal alfiuentju. The Baltimore and Ohio K. E. takes the course of this stream to the junction of Crab- tree creek. SAV SAV Savaiie Geant. p. o., "Wayne i-o., Vtrg.: 270 in. AV. by N. Eichmond. Savannah, p. v., and cap. Carmll rn,. ///, ; on the bank of tlip AfissLssippi r.. '27 in. below Galena, loS in. N. hy W. SprinijUeM. It contains a eourt-luuise, jail, etc., and it is the lurniinus of the Savannali and Ki-anUfort U. K. Satannaii, p. v., and cap. Andrew co.. J/o. .- 3 ni. N. of tho Missouri r., and IGS rn. N. \V. JcfU-rs'jn City. It con- tains a eourl-hnnse, jail, i-tc. Savannah, p. eily, port of entry, and eaj). Clialliam co., G(i. : on the S. side of the r. of the same name, IS in. fmni the ocean, and in a direct Une Vu ni., or by railroad 1S7 m. K. S. K. Milledj^c'ville. Lat. 'd^^ 1)4' .".(J" N.. and long. Sio OS' IS" W. Its site is on a dry sand bluff, elevated some -lO feet alinvc lew-water mark, from E. to W., extending alnng the rivtT upward of a mile, lenninaling abruptly at either ex- tremity. Opitosite the city, hes ilnlcliinsuii'3 Ishuid. The ordinary eUn-ation of the tide in tlie Savannali r. is about S feet, and the salt waler, arc generally inclosetl ami orn.a- mentcd with shade trees, and many of the streets are orna- mented in the same manner, which gives them a beautiful and rural appearance. The present dimensions of the city are about a mile by three-quarters of a mile. The number of dwellings in the city is about 2.000, chiefly of wood, but (he warehouses and stores, in number about 4M0, are almost without exception brick buildings. This preponderance of wooden structures hail exposed the city to several serious contlagrations: the year I?>'20 is memorable for the destruc- tion by tire of 463 buildings, which with their contents were valued at $400,1100; but since this event brick has more generally been used as a building maleri.al. The ware- iiouses are ranged along (he river front, 8 or 4 stories high toward the river, accessible to the lower story from tlie wiiarve^, and to the upper stories from the city. Among the public buildings, llie most conspicuous are the Court-house. Jail, Custoni-honse, Exchange, Arsenal, United States Barracks, City Hall, a markel-lionse, several hospitals and asylums, a theatre, etc The Exchange is a heavy Gothic structure. 5 siories high. The new Custom- Imuse is in length no feet, depth 52 feet, an mpaiues have agencies in Savannah. The churches rif Savannah, numbering in all 14 or 15, are many of tliem handsome structures. The Independent Presbyterian Clinreh is one (»f the [nnst splendid buildings of the city; it is built of light-colored granite, and cost $100,000. The Episcopalians have 2 churcliea. the Roman Catholics 2, of which thai of St. .John the Baptist ia the metropolitan church of the diocese; and the Methodists. Lutherans, Unitarians, anrl other princijial denominations liave severally plact's of worship. There is also a Mariner's Church and a dews" Symigogue. Savannah, in all that appertains to the education of youth, is not behind her sister eitii-s. It is true. i)ublie education has not received that altenlion it has in many other places, still she has always had a respictaOle number of private seminaries, and has sent to instiinlions in other parLs of the State and country hundreds of her ynuili of both sexes. JIuch, however, can be tlone for public education; but Savannah is no location fur hir<^v insiitutions of a scholastic nature, which are well sup|ilied by more eligible inland towns. The newspaper press of Savannali consists of three dai- lies and one weekly. The dailies are the "Georgian" (dem.). the "Kepublican'' (whig), and the "Daily News" (indept.); and the weekly ia the " Frii'ud of Ihe Family" (literary'). The circulation of these varies from SOO to 1,200 copies at each issue. According to a census of the eily, taken in 1n52. the total population amounted to l^^.iiul souls> clisliLiguished into castes and aexcs in the following proporlioLis: While persons 6..^51 S.O.Vi 12,204 Colored persons, free 2 IS ^Ti't (124 " " slave 2.2115 i\'2i^S 5,473 Total U,iH'4 0-01 IS.501 Tlie number of inhabitants, according to the federal census of !S50. was llj.iiiio. and an enunuTation, made in 1S4S. showed the pnpnlatiou b> be then 75. In- crease I'rom 1S4S to 1S.50. 2,4^5, or 1S.;J i)er cent. ; and in- crease fromls50tolS52. 2.241. or 13.9 percent; and increase in the four years ending l^i52, 4.72(j. or 34.S per cent. The decennial progress of the city from Islit, has been as follows: ISIO. 1S20. ISSO. 1S40. 1S50. Total Pf.piilatiii 5,195... T.5-2:?... 7.776... 11.214... .2,32S. . 2.VJ., .3,4.SS. .44.fi . :-i.4 .44.2 . 1 1),060 4,S4(3 43.2 The city is divided into 2G wards, and is governed by a mayor and 12 aldermen, annually chosen by the people, who, together, .ire styled the City Council. The police con- sists, besides the above, of a marshal, 5 citislables, and the city watch, consisting of 64 membi rs, with a e.iptain and other ofiicers. A Boanl of Health, consisting of two persons from each ward and district, is appointed l-y the mayor, on the 1st of May of each year. All subonlinale ollieers are chosen by the City Council. The occupations of tho citizens comprise almost every calling found in large cities. The ennnu-ration of lS4SeIas- sifiea the male adult white iiopulation thus— 203 merchants, factors, and wholesale dealers. 130 sliopkeepers and retail grocers. 253 clerks, 15 druggists. 23 pilots, 24 bank officers, 2S captains of steamers annstwise. Tnlal. 1S42 142,386 79,80S 222.254 1843 193.099 87.727 2S0.826 1844 130,964 113,611 244.675 1845 182.073 122,471 804,.5M 1846 77,852 108.454 180.306 ■ 1847 119,321 114,830 234,151 1848 127,760 115,478 243,2*3 1849 — — — 1850 — — — 1551 153,047 163.787 317.434 1852 124,454 228,614 853,063 T74 The export of rice in tierces for the last twelve years, has been as follows : Years. TiereeB. Y'ears. Tierree. 1340-41 23,557 1841-42 22,005 1342-43 26,203 1343-44 23,543 1844^5 29,217 1846-46 32.147 1340-47 31,739 1547-4S 30,136 1843-49 87,348 1849-50 42,792 1850-51 35,602 1851-52 39,939 The lumber business has rapidly increased within the few last years, and it will be seen from the annexed table that the exports for the last-named year have e.tceeded those f)f any previous one by several millions of feet. There are six large steam saw-mills in the immediate vicinity of the city : Years. Feet. 1840-41 14.275.200 1841-42 8,390,400 1842-43 7,519,550 154:3-44 6.933,:351 1844-15 8,270,532 1846-46 18,555,644 Venra. Feet. 1S46-47 10,731,883 1S47-4S 16,449,553 1S4S-49 15,3S0,300 1849-51) 17,719.100 1850-51 17,704,300 1S51-52 25,508.500 The foreign commerce of the collection district of which Savannuh is the port of entry, for the year ending Juno 80th. 1S50, is llius summed up in the U. S. Treasury Report. Value of exports $7,551,943, and of imports $686,964. En trances, 118 vessels, 57,017 tons and 1,940 men in crews; and clearances, 141 vessels, 72,563 tons and 2,2S5 men in crews. Tonnage of the district 19,931 tons, of which 10,437 tons were employed in foreign trade and 9,296 tons in coast- ing. The steam tonnage was 6,47S tons. The steam ma- rine in 1S52, according to the returns of the U. S. inspector, amounted to 27 vessels, 5,750 tons, of which 12 were high- pressure vessels and 15 low pressure, which report indicates a decrease in the steam marine. The number of vessels built in 1850 were 5 (3 being steamboats), mea-suring to- gether 634 tons. As the foreign commerce of Georgia all centres at Savannah, the progress of the commerce of Georgia, as exhibited in the description of the State, will also be that of Savannah. The commerce of the city has thus become of great mag nitude, and its growth of late years has been more rapid than previously. The developments that are now making of the resources of the State, together with the increased facilities for transporting the products of the interior lo this one scaptirt nmst insure a more rapid incrense of business for the future than has occurred during any period of the past The port has regular communication with Florida on the S. and New York on the N., and other points by steam navigation. To Ihe interior, the Savannah r.. on which nu- merous steamboats are constantly plying, and tho great line ol railroad reaching into Tennessee and Alabama, give it facile access, and bring down lo it for exportation an im- mense tonnage. Another railroad is being built lu Albany, on the Flint r. ; and the Savannah and Ogeechee Canal has been thoroughly repaired. These will give it greater facil- ities than it has ever enjoyed, and open to its commerce the products of wide regions hitherto beyond its reach. nistofical Notices of Savannali. — The first settlement of Savannah was made in the month of February. 17.S3, by General Oglethorpe and some 30 families. On the 7th of July following, the settlers assemblecl on the strand (the bay) for the purpose of designating the lots. In n devo- tional service they united in thanksgiving to God 'Mlial the lines had lallen to them in a pleasant place, and that ihey were about to have a good heritage." The wants and tithings were then named, each ward consisting of four tithings, and each tithing often houses, and a house and lot was given to each freeholder. After a dinner provided by the governor, the grant of a Court of liecord was read, and the officers were appointed. The session of the magistrates was then held, a jury impanneled, and a case tried. Thia SAV SAW jury was the first impannelcd an Gcortiia. The town was governed by three bailiffs, and had a recorder, n? dwelling houses, a church, an independent meeting-house, a coimcil-house, a court-house, and a filature. In 1770, the city extended on tlie west lo what is now Jefferson .Street, on tlie east to what is now Lincoln Street, and on the south to what is now South Eroad Street, and contained six squares and twelve streets, besides the bay. On the 5th June, 1775, the first liberty- pole was erected in Savannah. The first attack by the British on Savannah was made on the 3d March, 1776. It en9, a law was passed by the legislature making Savannah a ciiy. The first mayor (elected in 1790) was John Iloustoun. In Nov., I7D6. the first destructive fire occurred in Savannah. It broke out in a bake-house in Market Square, and destroyed ■229 houses, besides out-houses, etc. Estimated loss of prop- erty, $I.OuO, 00. In May, lsl4, arrived in the waters of Savannah the United St;ites sloop-of-war Peacock, Lewis "Warrington commander, bringing in as a prize II. B. M. brig-of-war Epervier, Captain Wales, of IS guns. The Epervier had on board $110,000 in specie, which was con- demned and distributed according to law. In April, 1S19, arrived the steamship Savannah, from New York, This steamer was projectctl and owned in Savannah, and was the first steamship Iniilt in tlie United States, and the first that ever crossed the Atlantic. She left Savannah in May for Liverpool, and afterward proceeded to St. Petersburg. In January, 1S20, occurred the largest fire which ever ravaged the city. It commenced on the east side of Old Eranklin "Ward. Four liuiidrid and sixty-three buildings were destroyed, besides out-buildings. Loss upward of $4,000,000. Savasnait. t. and p. o., Wayne county, JV! T. : 16i1 m. W. N. W..AU>any. Crusoe lake is located ccntral'y. by Ihe otUlet of which the t. is drained. Surface level; on the E- swampy, coveretl by Montezuma Marsh, and on the W. fir- lile. The Ilochesler and Syracuse (direct) 11. R. passes through this t. Pop. l,Tno. S.WANNAn. p. v., and cap. Ashland co., Ola'o: near a branch of the Walhonding r.. 70 ni. N. N. E. Columbus. It cnniains the county court-house and other public buildings, mechanic shops, etc. Savasn.vu, p. v., and cap. Hardin county, Temi. : on the right bank of llie Tennessee r., 103 m. S. W. Nashville, and contains the c<>urt-Iiouse, jail, and other public buildings, pop. 502. Bavaxnaii, p. v., ReiJ River county, Tex. : on White Oak creek of North furl: of the Red river, 2S7 m. N. E. Austin City. Savannah river. O'd. : has its sources in the nurth-east- ern part of the Slate of Georgia, and the north-western counties of South Camlina, m-ar the southern boundary of Norih ("arolina. and in about lat. 35^, and in louir. Ijo to iP 30' West of Washinglon t^ity. The river is formed by the juni'tion of liie Tusalo and Keowee rivers, having their sources in a mountainous regiim of primitive formation, and its general course is southward, inclining from 35^ to 38° to the easi, but the channel is a very wimiingone. and at some piiints the river flows in a direction N. of E.. or N. of W. The length of ils channel from source to mouth is not less than 4.')0 m., wliereas ihe tliri'ct distance isonly about 250 m. The Savannah and its tributaries draiu an extent of country equal to al)out 8,200 sq. m., and all the branches which flow in above Augusia have tht-ir rise in tlie m'umt- ains or hilly sections of cnunlry, and have con'^idirable ve- locity of current with rapids and falls at latois cotton, rice, antl timber. The river above the city of Savannah is subject to the freshets, which often overflow its banks, doing much injury to the bordering plantations of corn, cotton, ami rice. Tho losses, from overflow, however, are confined to localities above tho city, the plantations below being but little ex jtosed to injury from like causes. The Savanuah r.. near Ihe mouth, becomes a tidal stream, and the fiood-lides, in ordinary stages of the riviT, asc.'nital of $315,000, and 1 savings bank. The Erie Canal passes through the city, and 4 lines of rail- road here connect, viz., Albany and Schenectady R. R., 17 m. ; Troy and Schenectady K. R., 20 m. ; Saral(»ga and Schenectady R. R., 22 m. ; Utiea and Schenectady R. R., 73 m. The "S. Cabinet" (whig), and "S. Reflector" (deni.) are issued weekly. Union College, located here, was founded in 1795, is pleasantly situated on an eminence over- looking the city, with spacious grounds and several large edifices. In 1S50 it had 12 professors, 2,725 alumni, 266 students, and 15,0n0 volumes in its library. Pop. in 1S40, 6.7S4; in 1S50, S,921. ScHENEViTS, p. o., Otsego CO., JV". Y. : 72 ra. "W. Albany. SciiLEisiNGKiaviLLE, p. o., Washington co., Wine. : 67 ra. N. E. Madison. Sen NECKS viLLE, p. o., Lcdiigli CO., Penn.: 10 m. N. E. Harrisburg. ScHODACE, t., Rensselaer county, iV: Y. : S miles S. by E. Albany. Drained by several small streams flowing into Ihe Hudson river, which bounds it on the W. Surface uneVen ; soil fertile. Its water-power is good, and there are some mills, etc. Schodack Centre, Scliodaek Dep6t, and S.-ho- duck Landing, are names of post-ofl5ces. The Hudson River R. R., and Western R. R. both pass through this town. Pop. 3,510. ScnoDACK Centre, p. o., Rensselear co., K. K .• is a small settlement 7 m. S. E. Albany. ScnoDACK Di:i'6t, p. v. and sta., Renssclac-r co., K Y. : on the Western R. R., S ra. N. Kinderhook, and 8 m. S. E. Albany. ScnoPACK Landing, p. v. and sta., Rensselaer co,, K. Y. : on Ihe left bank of the Hudson r., and on the Hudson River R. R., 64 m. N. Poughkeepsie, 11 ra. S. Albany. It con- tains several stores, warehouses, and a hay press; and a number of sloops are owned here which ply between tlie v. and New Y'ork. ScnoENECK, p. o., Lancaster county, Penn. : 85 m. 3. E. Harrisburg. ScnonARiE county, .V. T. Situate toward the E.,and con- tains 021 sq. m. Drained by Schoharie cr. and its tribute SCH SCH aries. Surface generally mountaiiions, '.\w\ wtU iulupted to grazing. Tlic main branch of Dm Catskill Mnmitains cross the S. portion of the co. ; soil tl-rtile, and on llie streams llic land 18 productive. Chief prodvietions, wheat and Indian corii. IL has some beds of bo<;-iron ore, and water lime- stone. Sulphur sprin£;3 arc found in ditr^rcnt pans, which arc gaining celebrity, particularly those at Sharon. Farms 2,4;59; niaiinf. 2Vi; dwell. 5.STS. and pop.— wli. .*3.J,i!ii'2, fr. col. 450— total 30,542. CV//>/Yf(^■ Schoharie. Public Wurl's: N'-wburc; and Syracuse li. R. (projected). Soiion.v];iK, t., p. v., and csip. Schoharie co., K Y. : 2S m. W. Albany. Drained by Schnharie creek, which passes llu-ongh it from N. to S., and Fox creek. afP'rdin^ excellent water-power. Surface various, in parts hilly, with extensive valleys; soil i if great fertiliiy. and well cultivated. The v. is located on the rii;ht b,ank of tlic creek so calleil, and con- tains a court-lionsc, jail, and other public buildings, an in- cnrporatml academy, anti other places of instruction ; print- ing oftlccs, mechanic, sliopa, clc, and llie "S. Kepuhliean" (\vliii;), and ^"S. Palriul" (deni.) are both weekly issues. Top. of L2,5..and from thence issues the SuIioo^ Fahrenheit, anii discharges 30 gallons an hour. The region abounds with magnetic iron ore. In the neighborhood of the springs are well kept hotels, boarding schools, etc., and 7 miles farther on the mountain is Budd'sPond,2 miles long and 1 broad, of great depth, .ind abounding with fish. SenooLRY's mountain, Morris co., K Ji'v. : forms a part of a chain which extends in a N. K. and S. W. din-ciii-n across the Slate, from the Delaware to the Hudson riv.-r. It misses Ihe N. W. part of the county with a height of 6uO feet from its base, and about 1,100 feet above the level of the ocean. A mineral spring near its top has given it consider- able celebrity. SnnKAAr.KNRrp.G, p. 0., Bergen co., K. Jer.: on a creek of Hackensack r., 59 m. N. E. Trenton, ScnnoKi'KL, t., Oswego county, K, Y. : liiO m. "W. N. W. Alltany. Drained by Oneida and Oswego r.. the latter bounding it on the S. W. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. It b;is some small manufactures and several mills. Phu'iiix B5 is the name of the post-oQice. Population of town, including Phfenix, 3,253. ScHBOoN Lake, p. o.. Essex co., N. Y. : SO m. N. Albany. ScuKooN lake, A''. Y.: lies i)arlly in Essex county, and partly in Warren co. ; it is It) miles long, and from one to two in width, abounding with trout and other kinds uf fish. Deer and wild g.-mic are found in abundance on its borders, wliich in the IC. arc surrounded by a dense Ibrest. ScuRooN lIiVKH, p. o., Esscx CO., K. Y. : 77 m, N. Albany. ScnuLTZsviLi.F,, \K o., Duchess coimty, JS\ Y. : 63 m. S. Albany. SciiuMLA, p. o., Riiehic county, Virrj.: 22^ m. N, W. Kichmond. ScnuYLEii county, //I. Situate toward the W.. and con- tains 334 sq. m. Dr.iined by Sugar, Crane, and Crooked creeks, all tribularies of Illinois r., which runs on its S. E. border. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Chief produc- tions, wheat and Indian corn. Pork and beef are largely exported. It is well wooded. Farms C24; manuf, 52; dwell. 1,7S3. anil pop.— wh. 10,547, fr. col. 26— total 10,573. Capital: ilusbville. ScnirvLEi: county. .Vn. Situate N.. and contains 351 sq. m. Drained by North, Middle, and South forks nf Fabius r., anil branches of Chariton creek. Surface undulating; soil fertile. A large portion of the land is well timbered. Farms 446; manuf. 5; dwell. 539, and pop.— wh. 3,230, fr, col, 2, si. 55— total 3,287. (^ipital: Lancaster. SciiuvLEK. sta., Sangamon co.. ///..■ on tlie Sangamon and Morgan U. li.. in. W. Springtield. ScnrYLEii's I'ai.us. t and p. o.. Clinton co., A'. Jfi\ : 5 m, "W. by S, Plattsburg, and 139 ni. N. Albany, The Saranac r. bounds itonthe N., and it is drained by Salmon cr., af- fording extensive water-power. Surface in i)arts hilly; soil fertile. It has some extensive manufactoriei*, and the sur- rounding country is rich in agricultural and mineral pro- ductions. Pop. 2,110. Schuyler's Lakb, p. o., Otsego co., K. Y. : 74 m. W. by N. Albany. SeiiuTLERSviLLr., p. v., Saratoga CO., N. Y.: on Ihe W. bank of the IIulace, on the 17th October. 1777. by the Americans, under General Gates. The Schuybrsville acad- emy, an incorporated institution, is located in this v. The " Old Saratoga'' (nent.) is a weekly issue. Schuylkill county, Penn, Situate E. centrally, and con- tains 6S4 sq. nu Drained by Schuylkill r. and its atlluenls, and small tributaries of Susquehanna r. Surface varied; on the streams there is some fine land, but the general fea- ture of the CO. is mountainous ; soil, witli the exception of the river bottoms, is poor ami barren, and in m:iny parts rocky. It contains extensive beds of mineral coal, which are much celebrated forlhcir qmility. Farms 1,247 : manuf. i)54; dwell. 10,671, :md ])op,— wh. 00,307. fr. co). 406— total 60,713. Capital: Orwigsburg. Pnhlic iri>;7.-,s.- Phila- delphia and Iteading 11. i:. ; Calawissa 11. B. ; Little Schuyl- kill R. R.; and a number of railroads extending to the mines; also Sohnylkill (^anal. Schuylkill, t., Sciinylliill county, P^nin.: 55 m. N, E. Ilarrisburg. This is an extensive coal district, and the cap- ital invested in tlie coal trade during the fiscal year ]S,50 was $133,S15, monthly wages paid. .t«,.'i70, annu.al product of the mines, .$119,000, valued at $231. -^UO. A railroad connects this place with the Mine Hill B. U., at Schuylkill Haven. SeiiuYLKiLL. t. and p, o., Cliestrr co., Penn.: on the W. side of Schuylkill r., "0 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by French and Sloney creeks. Surface level ; soil fertile. The Pliiladelphia ami Beading U. li, p-asscs through its E. part. 77T SCH ScniPENCK's Stoke, p. o., Monlgomery co., Penn.: S3 m. E. Harrisbnrg. SciiLVLKiLi. river, Pa. : rises by Ihree branches in Schuyl- kill CO.. and flowing S. E., enters the Delaware r., 7 ni. bHow Philadelpliia. lis length is 140 m. The most im- portant ()l' its tributaries are Tulpeliocken cr. from the W., and Pcrkioinen cr. from the E. Vessels of from :3U0 to 400 tons ascend to tlie W. wharves of Philadelphia, where its average depth at common tides is from 13 to 14 feet. By means of canals and pools, it is navigable 108 m. An im- mense quantity of coal is transported on it. Schuylkill Bend, p. o., Berks county, Penn, : 49 m. E. Ilarrisburg. Schuylkill Haven, p. v., Schuylkill co., /V7i7i.;near the Schuylkill r., and on the Philadelphia and Reading II. li., 69 m. N. W. Philadelphia, and 43 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. It is connected with the coal region in the vicinity by the Mine Hill K. E., 12 m. Tremont, and with Philadelphia and Port Carbon by the Schuylkill Navigation Canal. A fur- nace of SOO tons annual capacity, operated by water-power, is located near the village. The *'S. H. Map" is a weekly whig issue. Pop. 2,061. SciE>-CEviLLE, p. o., Stewart co., Gcu: 107 m. S. W. Millcdgeville. Scio, t. and p. v., "Washtenaw co., Mich. ; 45 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Huron r., Honey and Mill creeks. Surface undulating; soil very prolific, generally black, sandy loam, ankl elay. There is a great variety of excellent tim- ber in the t and vicinity. The Michigan Central K. \\. passes through the N. part, on which is Delhi station, 41 m. W. Detroit. The v. is 2 m. S. of the li. R. Pop. of 1. 1,195. Scio, t., p. \;, and sta., Alleghany county, N^. }*. ; 14S m. W". by S. Albany. Drained by Genesee r., and branches of the Alleghany r. Surface much broken, and heavily lim- bered; soil fertile. It has good water-power, and some mills. The v. and sta. are on the Erie R. R., 361] m. from New York and 93) m. from Dunkirk. Pop. oft. 1,924. Scio, p. o., Harrison county, Ohio: 99 m. K. by N. Coluinbua. SciOTA, p. 0. and sta.. Clinton co., K Y. : on the Platts- burg and Montreal R. E., 15 m. N. Plaltsburg, 157 m. N. Albany. Scioto county, 0?no. Situate S., and contains 504 sq. m. Scioto r. passes through it centrally, by which and its branches, and by Little Scioto r. it is drained. Surface in general uneven; soil fertile, and on the streams very pro- ductive; wheat and Indian com are the principal produo- tions. It is bounded on the S. by the Ohio. Earms 751 ; nianuf. 73; dwell. 3,036, and pop.— wh. 1S,174. fr. col. 254 — totid 1S.423. Capital: Portsmouth. PuUic Wo/As: Scioto and Hocking Valley R. E. ; Iron R. R. ; Ohio Canal. Scioto, p. o., Scioto co., Ohio : 7S m. S. by E. Columbus. Scioto river, Ohio: rises in Hardin county, flows E. into Marion co., and S. into Franklin, where it receives Whet- stone or Olcntaugy r. just above Columbus, and thence through Pickaway, Eoss, Pike, and Scioto co's, into the Ohio r. at Portsmouth, where it is 150 yards wide. It flows 160 miles through a fertile country, and is navigable 13i) m., to the mouth of Little Scioto river. ScioTo BiuDGE, p. o., Delaware co., O/Uo: on the Scioto r., 24 m. N. N. "W. Columbus. SciOTOviLLE, p. o., Scioto county, Ohio : SO m. S. by E. Columbus. SciPio, p. v., Jennings co., hid. : on Sand cr., and on the Madison and Indianap(»lis R. E.,55 m. S. S. E. In.lianapolis. It is located in an agricultural district, and much produce is exported from this point Pop. about 200. Scipio, t. and p. v., Cayuga co.. A'". Y. : 143 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Salmon cr., flowing S. into Cayuga lake, and other smaller streams. Owaseo lake forms its E. boundary. Svirfacc undulating, with a fertile and highly cultivated soil. The v. is near the head of Salmon cr., and has Bome manufactures, mills, etc. Pop. of t. 2.135. 77S SCO Scipio CKNxirii, p. o., Hillsdale county, Mich.: 51 m. S. Lansing. SciPioviLLE, p. o., Cayuga co., X. Y. : 150 m. "W. by N. Albany. SciTico, p. v., Hartford county. Conn, : on the N. side of Scautic r.. IS m. N. by E. Hartford. SciTUATE, t. and p. v., Plymouth co., Mnns.: on Massa chussets bay, of the Atlantic Ocean, IS m. S. E. Boston. Il is located at the mouth of North r., and has a small bul convenient harbor, defended by rocky cliffs, and C'edar Point, on which latter are two lighthouses, with fixed lights 40 feet elevation. Latitude 42° 12' 17" N., and longitude 70° 43' 15"' W, The river is very deep, but nar- row and crooked, and is noted for the fine ships built on its borders. A number of vessels belonging to this town arc engaged in the merchant service and coasting trade, and the mackerel fishing is carried on to a great extent Tlie manufactures consist of leather, boots, shoes, lasts, vessels, etc. The v. is located a short distance back from the har bor. Pop. of t. 2,149. SciTUATE, t, and v., Providence co., P. /. ; 10 m. W. of Providence. Drained by Pawtuxet river and its branches, affording valuable water-power. Surface diversified with hilli^ and valleys; soil adapted to grazing. Large manu- factories of cotton and wool are located on the bank of the river, and there is a valuable quarry of freestone in the western part of the town. This town was taken from Pro- vidence in 1731. The v. is on Pawtuxet river. Pop. of t. 4,5S2. ScoNONDOA, p. o., Oneida co., K. Y. : 171 m. W. N. "W. Albany. ScooBEs, p. 0., Kemper county, Min.'i. : 90 m. E. by N. Jackson. Scotch Plains, p. v., Essex county, N. Jp>\ : on the E. side of Green brook of Earitan r., and on the New Jersey Central R. E., 12 m. "W. Elizabeth port, and S5 m. N. E. Trenton. ScoTcn EiDGE, p. 0., Wood county, Ohio : 97 m. N. N. W. Columbus. ScoTcuTowN, p. o.. Orange co., 2^. Y. : ST m. S. S. "W. Albany. SooTiA, p. v., Pope county, Ark^ : on the lefl bank of the Arkansas r., C9 m. N. W. Little Roek. Coal deposits are found in the vicinity. Scotia, p. v., Schenectady co., X Y.: on the N. bank of Mohawk r., 1 ra. W. Schenectady, and IS m. N. W. Albany. Pop. about 200. Scotland county, 3fo. Situate N. E.. and contains 477 scj. m. Drained by North and Mid Neck, p. v., Halifax county, N^. Car: between Fishing cr. and Roanoke r., 77 m. N. E. Raleigh. Scott county, ArA\ Situate W.. and contains 931 sq. m. Drained by La Fave r., and other tributaries of Arkansas river. Surface level; soil fertile. Farms 365; nianuf. 10; dwell. 514, and pop.— wh. 2,920, fr. col. 17, si. 146— total 3,0S3. CapiUil: Booneville. Scott county, la. Situate E. toward the S., and contains 445 sq. m. Drained by Walnut. Allen's, and Duck creeks. Surface rolling; soil fertile and very productive. ParmaSSl; SCO SCR manuf. 19; dwell. 991, and pop.— wh. 6,9T2, fr. col. 14— lotal D,9S6. CuplUd: Davenporl. Scon- couniy, lU. Situate toward the W., and contains 261 sq. m. Drainf'l by small irilmtarir.s uf Illinois r., which forms ib* western boundary. Surface undulatini;; ; soil fertile. "Wheat and Indian corn arc produced abinidanlly. Pork and beef are exported. Prime timber abounds. rarnisTl'^; niaiuif. 54; dwell. 1,300, and pop.— wh. 7,902, fr. col. 12— lolal 7.9U. Capititl: Winchester. PabUc Works: Great Western Central li. 11. S);oTT county, IniL Situate S. E., and contains 175 sq. m, Drained by Graham's fork of White r. and branches. Sur- face varied, it is most generally undulating, but in the "W. is hilly and broken; soil fertile, and well adapted lo i^rain and grazinsj. Chief produolions, wheat, and Indian corn, with beer, pork, antl vegetables. It has some quantity of good limber, and contains several salt springs. Farms 719; manuf. 14; dwell. 1,040, and pop. — wh. 5.ST0, fr. col. 15 — total 5.SS5. Capital : Lexington. Public Works : .letTcrson- vUle R. K. Scott county, Ay. Situate toward the S.. and contains 213 sq. m. Drained by Norlh, Klkhorn, and Eagle creeks. Surface level; soil very fertile. Chief jiroduclluns, wheal and Indian corn. Farms 75S; manuf. 59; dwell. 1,566, and pop.— wh. S,s91, fr. col. i^l9, sl. 5,830— total 14,946. Capital: Georgetown. ScoiT county, J/isti. Situate centrally, and contains 5S9 sq. m. Drained by branches of Pearl ami Leaf rivers. Surface level; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 257 ; manuf. 4; dwell. 422. and pop. — wh. 2.77^, fr. col. 1, sl. 1,1S2— total 3.961. Capita/.: Uillsboro'. Public Works: Alabama and Mississippi li. 11. Scott county, J/b. Situate S. E., and contains 379 sq. m. Drained by James and White Water rivers. Surface diver- sified ; soil very fertile, and produces in abundance wheal and Indian corn. Tobacco is the staple. II contains many minerals. Farms 4('S; manuf. 9; dwell. SiiO, anil pnp. — wh. 2,773, fr. col. 16, si. 3Ct3— total 3,1S2. Capital: Benton. Scorr county, Virg, Situate S. W.,and contains "ISsq. m. Drained by Clinch r., and North fork of Ilolston r., and their branches. Surface broken and hilly, in jiarts mountainous; soil moderately fertile. Chief prodiu-iiona, wheat aud Indian corn. Farms 614; manuf. 32; dwell. 1,.">2'^, and pop.— wh. 9,325, fr. col. 31, sl. 473— total 9,s29. Capital: Estillville. SioTT, t. and p. o., Sheboygan co., Winr. : Gl m. N. E. Madison. Drained by branches of Milwaukee r. Surface varied ; soil ferlile. It has excellent water-power, and some excellent mill-sile.s. ScitTT, p. v.. La Grange county, Tiid.: on the S. side of Pigeon r., 136 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. ScoTT, t. and p. v., Cortlandl co., ..V. Y. : 22 m. S. from Syracus'-, and 130 m. "W". Albany. Drained by branches of Tioughnioga r., and the inlet of Skanealeles lake. Surface various, in parts much broken ; soil very fertile, and in good slate of cultivation. Its matmfactures are limitcl, the chief pursuits being agricultural. The v. is centrally situate. Pop. of t. 1,290. ScoiT. p. o., La Salle county, III.: 120 m. N. N. E. Springfield. ScoiT. t. and p. o., Adams county, Ohio: 67 m. S. by "W. (;ohunbus. Drained by a branch of IJnish cr. Surface uneven; soil of average fertility. Iron ore of superior qunlily is found. Pop, 1.270. ':r'C*ur:r. Drained by several small streams flowing E. into the Delawan- r,. and W. by Starucca cr.. branch of the Susquehanna r. Surface uneven, in parts hilly ; soil fertile and good timber lands. | SroTT's creek, Calif.: rises in E. part of Vubii eo., and flows W. into the Yuba r, Mucii gold is found in this stream, and (he diggings an- very profitable, Si'OTtsurRon, p. o., Livingston co.. A'. Y.: 209 m. AV. Albany. ScoTTSituiion. p. v., Tlalif:ix CO., Virg. : on the line of Ibe Richmond ami Danville U. R., S7 in. S. W. Riehnmnd. Il is a small v.. wiih about 5(t or 60 inhabitants. SroiT's t'liKKK. p. v., Haywood en., K. Car. : on a stream so called uf Tuckaseoge r.. 25S m. W. by S. Raleigh. ScoitV IIili,, p. o., Henderson co., 'Ji-nv.: 97 m. S. W. Nashville. Sr.iTT'sSnor.sta., Amelia co., re; on the Riehnx.nd and Danville R. R.. 33 m. S. W. Richmond. Sr,irrsvii.T.K. p. v., Bibb co., Ala.: on a trilailary of Cahawba branch of Alabama r.. 69 ni. N. W. Monigniucry. Good water-power is here alforded. and imjiroved liy ihe Tuscaloosa Manufacluring Ctimpany, who employ atiout 90 o[ieraiives. There is a^o a grist and saw mill, and a church, on tlie property of the company. Population about 200. ScoTTSviLLR, p. 0., Claiborne par., La.: 169 m. N. W. Balon Rouge. ScoTTsviLLE, p. V., Sullivan co., Jfo.: on Ihc E. side of Locust cr., 117 m. N. W.delll-rson ('ity. ScoTTSviLLE. p. v., and va)i. Allen co., Ki/. : on a fork of liig Barren r., 121 m. S. W. Frankfort, aud contains a c(»url- house. jail, and other public buildings. The LcAington and Nashville R. R. passes through the village. Pop, 40it. ScoTTSviLLE, Cap, Powhatau county, Yirg. {See Pow- hatan C, H.) Scy W. Rochester, and 212 m. AV. by N, Albany. E.\te(i- sive hydraulic power is derived from the canal aud river, and it has a number of mills, etc, Si'oTTsviLLE, p, o,, Wyoming co., Penn. : 95 m, N. N. E. Ilarrisburg. ScoTTTiLLE, p, v,, Macoupin co., lil. : on the S. of Ai>ple cr., 33 m. S. W. Springfield. ScEANTON, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : at the junction of Ihe Lackawanna and Western R. R. with the Pennsylvania Coal Companies R. E., 50 m, S. Great Bend, and 97 m. N. N. E, Harrisburg, Cobb's Gap R. K. and a railroad to Sunbury will diverge from this place. There is near the v. a furnace of 2,()ii(i tons capacity, operated by water, and two of 3,.~i00 tons each annual capacity, operated by steam, and a forge, which in 1S30 produced 7,000 tons rail. Pop. 2.234. ScitEAMEKSViLLE, p. o., Maury CO., Tenn. : 37 m, S. by W. Nashville, ScRiBA, t and p, v., Oswego co., K. Y. : 152 m. N. W. .-Mbany. Drained by a nunil>er of small streams flowinsj into Lake Ontario, Surface moderately hilly; soil ofmid<)hng fertility. It contains in part the county buildings. Old Fort Oswego, built in 1727. is located near Ihe moulh of the river. The v. is 2 m. E. of the lake : has good water-power, and contains several mills, workshops, etc. Pop. of l. 3. 70S. ScKivEN couniy. fra. Siluate E., and contains 7lS sq. m. It is bouu'led on the E. by Savannah r.. an point several mills are in opcralion. S(- ULLTowN, ]). v., Salem co., J^. Jer. : on tlie lelt bank of Oliliiian's cr., 46 m. S. W. Trenton. Sci'LTucK Point, Hancock oo.. Me. : a small cape situated in lat. 44° IS' N., and long. GTO 5S' W. ScLTiTKnMONa, p. o., Washington co., y. Car.: 113 m. E. Kaleigh. SEAiiuooK, 1. and p. v., liockingham co., 2^. Tfavrp.: in the S. K. corner of the State, bordering on the Atlantic Ocean, 45 m. S. E. Concord. Drained by Black, Brown's, and Walton rivers, and several tributaries. AVhale-boat building is carried on here to a greater extent (ban in any other town in Xew England. The inhabitiints ars^ occupied in mecbanical i)ur^uiis and the fislieries. Tliis t. is better adapted than any oilier in the State to the Bay and Labrador fisherits, which arc extensively carried on. Beg iron ore is found on some of the streams. The Kaslcrn It. R. passes through the t. on which the v. la located, 14 m. S. from Furtsmoulh. Pop. of t, 1,296. Seacocus, sta., Hudson co., N'. Jer. : on the Union R. K., 4 m. N. Jersey City, and 53 m. N. E. Trenton. Seafoi;d, p. v., Sussex co., JJtl. : on W. side of Nanticoke river, 35 m. S. by W. Dover. Seal, p. o., Wyandott county, 0/iio: 61 m. N. by W. Columbus. Seal Covn, p. v., Hancock co., Me. : at the head of the inlet so called, on Mount Desert island, 72 ni. E. Augusta. Skarcv eouuly, ArA: Situate N., and ctmtains 941 sq, m. Drained by liulfalo fork of White r. and Crooked cr., a trib- utary of White r. Surface varied ; in Ihe N. it is level, or gently undulating, and in the S. hilly, being separated from tlie adjoining county by a low range of mountains; soil generally fertile, the hilly portions well adapted to grazing. Farms '^46; nianuf. 0; dwell. «22, and iM)p.— wh. 1,950, fr. col. 0, si. 29~tolal 1,970. Cital: Lebanon. Skarcy, P- v., and cap. White co.. ArA:: on the W. of Litile Red Bran.-.h of While r., 45 ni. N. X. E. Little lioek. It contains a court-house, Jail, etc. SEAnicm's, p. o., Fayette county, Penn.:14^ m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Sear^birg, p. 0., Tompkins county, y. Y.: IGO m. W. Albany. SEAHsntrTicJ, t. and p. v., Benniuglon co., Term.: 52 m. S. Rulland. Drained by Dcerfield r. Surface mountainous, being located on the Green Mountains, and in general unfit for cultivation. Chartered in 17S1. The v. is S. of the r. Pop. of t. 201. Seausmont, I. and p. v., Waldo co., Me. : SI m. E. Au- gusta. Drained by St. George r., and a considerable pond is in N. part of t., from which Hows a branch of the r. Sur- face varied ; soil fertile. The manufar-tures consist in leather, (lour, and lumber. The v. is located on the St. George r. Pop. of t. 1.G96. Skai:sport, t. and p. v., Waldo co.. 3fe. : 45 m. E. by N. Augusta. Bounded on the S. by Belliist bay, and drained by a small stream flowing into it. Incorporated in 1^,5, from Prospeet and a part of Belf:ist. It has a good harbor. The V. is silualed near ihe entrance of the stream into the the bay. Pop. of L 2.2(17. Skarsvillk, p. o., Orange county, N. Y. : SI m. S. S. W. Albany. Searsville. p. v., Stewart co., Ga. : on Kacafooneo cr., 105 m. S. W. Milledgevtlle. Skatcck. p. 0., Suffolk CO., N. Y.: 2SG m. S. E. Albany. Seavillb, p. o., Cape May co., J^. Jer. : 75 ra. S. Trealon. 760 Sp-nAGO, t. and p. v., Cumberland co., Me.: bordering on the lake so called. 5T ni. S. W. AugustJi. There are several ponds in the t., by the outlets of winch it is drained. Sur- face pleasantly diversified, and a fertile soil. Chartered in 1826, and contains several manufactories of flour, lumber, etc. The v. is on the lake. Pop. of t 850. Sebago lake, Cumberland co., Me. : is 12 m. long, and 7 m. wide. It discharges its waters by Presumpseot r. into Casco bay. Connected on the N. by W. with Long Pond, by Simgo straii, and receives Crooked r. from the N. The Cumberland and Oxford Canal, 5(H lu- in length, connects it with Portland. Sebastian county, Ark. Situate W., and contains 779 sq. m. Drained by afTluentsof Arkansas r.. which forms its N. boundary. Surface undulating, toward the W. hilly; soil fertile. It is well wooded, and in the >J. are some line beds of coal. Capital : Black Jack. Skuasticook river, Me. : rises in a pond in the S. E. part of Penobscot co., passes through a lake in Newport t., and flowing S. W. empties into the Kennebec r. opposite Water- ville. It is about .'»0 m. in length, and affords in its course excellent water-power. Sebec, t. and p. v., PiRcataquis co.. Me. : 74 ra. N. N. E. Augusta. A portion of Sebec Pond, 10 m., lies in this t., and the Piscataquis r. crosses the S. part. Drained by Sebec r., outlet of the pnnd, which flowing S. E. empties into the Piscataquis r. in Milot. Surface moderately uneven; soil fertile, and well adajited to gniin. Incorporated in 1S12. The manufactures consist in woolen goods, leather, lum- ber, etc. The v. is on Sebec r., near the lake. I'opulalion of t. 1.223. Sebe(i pond, Piscataquis co., Me.: lies in tlie towns of Sebec, Foxcioft, and Bowerbank; it is surrounded by a well-timbered country, is about 10 ra. long, and averages about 1 m. in width. Its outlet is the river so called. Seuewa, t. and ]). o., Ionia co.. Mich. : 22 m. W. Lansing. Drained by Lookiug-Glass r. Surface undulating; soil fer- tile. Pop. 217. Seboois lakes, Penobscot co., Me.: are connected sheets of water of irregular form, about 15 m. in length, and from half a mile to one and a h:df in wirllh, and constitute the hesid waters of the E. branch of the Penobscot r. Seboois r. is the name of their outlet. SEcoxn Creek, p. v., Greenbrier co., Virg. : on a branch of Greenbrier r., 164 m. W. Richmond. Sedgwick, t. and p. o., Hancock co., Me. : 53 m. E. Au- ffiisla. It is on a peninsula having Blue Hill bay on the E., and separated from Deer island, on the S. by a strait. The soil is inferior, but suffleient produce is raised for its own people. It has good harbors, and considerable navigation. A number of vessels ownetl here are employed in the coast- ing and fishing trade, and ship-budding is carried on to a considerable extent. Leather and lumber are the chief articles of raanufaeture. The v. is on the bay so called, which makes up into the town. Pop. of t. l.S-^Ji. Seickonk, t. and p. v.. Bristol co.. Mans, : aS m. S. S. W. Boston. Separated from lihode IslanV. Springfield. SKsniA, t. and p. o., Lenawee co., Mich. : 71 m. 8. by E. Lansing. Drained l)y Bear cr. SuU excellent, and large crops of wheat, rye. elc. arc raised. Tin; stream affords goofl water-power, and moves several mills. Pop. I,ii9'3. SicNEi'A creek, Montgomery co.. M'l. : rises in the norlheru highlands of this county in numerous streamlets, which, uniting first into two, and afterward into one creek, flow into ihe Potomac river. All the western portion of the county is drained by this fine water-course. Seneca lake, K. Y. : lies in the counties of Seneca, On- tario, anti Yali'3. 1G>* m. W. from Albany. Tiiis is the largest of the series of lakes lying in the interior of western New York. It is 4i) m. long, and from 2 to 4 in width. Its elongated diameleris from N. to S. ; elevation (»f surface 4:50 feet above tide-water, and being very deep, it is nt-v.T en- tirely frozen over, Aliout 12 m. from the outlet it lias lieeii found to be about 50'! feet in depth. The rmth-t is at Mie X. E. angle, wbieli, flowing K. to Cayuga lake, alTords ex- ci-llent watiT-p-m-er at AS'att-rloo, and also at Seneca Falls. The whole descent in 12 miles is SO feet. This lake is con- nected by canal with Crooked lake. Navisxation is made easy through its outlet by mean? of locks at Waterloo, there- by connecting ils commerce with that of the Erie (^anal ; it is connected als.> S. by B. R. with Elmira, Owego, and Bing- hanipton. and N. with Rochester, Syracuse, and Cswego. The wati'r has a gradual vise and fall through [leriods of several years, but the causes have never been ascertained. The lands upon the shores arc bountifully adorned witti the fruits of cnllivatton, with here and there a remaining tract of tlie primitive forest. Steamboats ply daily belweeu Geneva and Jefferson, a distance of 40 mile.'*. SrNKCA river, X Car.: rises in the Blue Bidge, N. On\, flows S. lhr;iny. T)rained by Seneca r., which passes through it from E. lo W. Cay- uga lake bounds it on the E. Surface undulating; soil, in general, very fertile, and liighly cidtivaled. The Cayuga and Seneca Canal passes through the t., connecting Seneca oullel with Cayuga lake. The v. is on the Seneca outlet, the canal, and Rochester an.l Syracuse B. B„ 43 m. from Syracuse, atul 01 rn. from Bochesler. It was first settled in 1^29,au*DAKEs, t and p. o.. Ulster co., jV. Y. : 45 m. S. W. Albany. Drained on the N. and E. by Esopus cr., on the 8. by Neversink r., and on the W. by the E. branch of the Delaware r. Surface mountainous, being covered in the greater part by the Catskill Mountains; soil of inferior quality. It has good hydraulic power, and contains some manufactories, several mills, etc. Pop. 2,309. Sha?.-es' Crossings, p. o., Mercer co., Ohio : 99 m. N. W. Columbus. Shanesville, p. 0., Berks county, Penn. : 50 m. E. by N. llarrisburg. Shanesville, p. v., Tuscarawas ci>., (Huo : on W. side Sugar cr., 77 ra.N. E. Columbus. It contains several work- shops and 3S3 inhabitants. Shanesville, p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : lOS m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Iron ore is found in the vicinity. Shannon county, J/o. Situate toward the S., and con- tains 7S9 sq. ra. Curr.-nt river passes through the co. from N. W. to S. E., by which and its numerous branchea it is drained. Surface undulating; soil fertile. It is a flue min- eral CO., and there are extensive beds of iron and copper ores of a superior quality. It is p.arlly timbered. Farms 152; manuf. 0; dwell, 2cky; soil of average fertility, and agriculture is the cliief pursuit of the inliabitants. It is connceted with Cornwall by sev- eral bridges spanning the Hoiisatonic. The v. is located principally on one street on the E. side of a pleasant valley, and contains many fine buildings. The manutaeiures con- sist of cotton, iron, leather, flour, lumber, etc. This t. took an active part in the war of the Revolution. Population of t. 2,517. Sharon, p. v., Whitesides co.. Ill: on the S. boundary of CO., 3 m. S. of Rock r., and 123 m. N. by W. Springfield. Sharon, t. and p. v.. Norfolk co., 3Ia. ra. W. by X Alliany. Drained by Bowman's creek and branch of Scho- harie cr. Surface high .and undulating, resting upon Hrae- stone, which in some places makes its appearance in the form of caverns, and displaying interesting stratifications This t. contains the ccieiirated mineral spring, so called (.sfti Sharon Si-ring). The v. is in S. K. of town, and contains several spacious hotels, and has some manufactures, mills, etc. Pop. of t. 2,632. 7S3 SHA SHA t^iiAuoN, p. o., MockJeuburg co., X Cur. : 121 m. S. "W. Kaiei.i:h. Sharon, p. v., Noble co., Ohio : 75 m. E. by S. Columbus. SiiAKoN, p. v., Mercer co., Penn.: on the left bank of Bhc'iiaii^o cr., 19S m. W. N. W. Harrisburg. Tlit-re art- two furnaces near the v., one of 2,000 ions, and the olher 1.500 tons annual capacity, both operated by steam. The Beaver and Kric Canal passes near the village. Pop. 541, Sharon, t, and p. v., Windsor co., Venn. : 43 m- fl. by E. MoiiliK-Iicr. Drained by "White r., whidi passes through, afiT'irding cxeclteni water-power. Snrface much broken, but Ihe. soil is fertile and well cuUivaled. The manufacture of woiden goods, paper, etc, is carried on to some extent here. The v. is on AVhite r., and the Vermont Central K. II. passes through it, 50 ra. S. by E. Montpelier. Pop. of 1. 1.240. Sharon, p. v., Wythe co., Vir(/. : at the source of Korth fork, llolston r., 212 m. W. by S. Ilichmond. Shakon, t. and p. v., "Walworth co., Wise: 51 m. S. E. Madison. Drained by branches of Turtle er. The land is excellent, and highly cultivated, and good water-power. The V. is in the E. part. Pop. of t. 1.1G9. Sharon Centrk, p. o., Schoharie county, M Y. : 47 m. W. by N. Albany. Suakon Centre, p. v., Medina co., Ohio : on "Wolf cr., 99 m. N. E. Columbus. It contains an academy, several shops, etc, Suaron Centee, p. v., Potter co., re7t7i. : 127 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Sharon Springs, p. v., Schoharie co., K. Y. : near the boundary line of Schoharie, Otsego, and Montgomery coun- ties, 40 m. W. by N. Albany. It is located on an eminence, surrounded by numerous caverns of much interest. Near the V. are the celebrated Sharon Springs, greatly resembling the White Sulphur Springs of Virginia, and are highly effi- cacious in rheumatic, dyspeptic, and other complaints. There are two springs, the sulphur and magnesia, situated at the foot of a hill, about a half mile N. of the turnpike road. These waters have an exhilarating effect on the spirits, invigorating the system, and in many re-spccts pos- sess medicinal and healing qualities unsurpassed by any other in the country. They are much resorted to during the sunimcr months, and there is a commodious hotel here, called the Pavillion, which is usually thronged with visitors. From an analysis, made by Dr. Chilton, of New York, the result from one gallon of this water is: sulphate of mag- nesia, grs., 42.40; sulphate of lime, 111.62; chloride of sodium, 2.24 ; chloride of magnesium. 2.40 ; hydiosulphuret of soy E. Jefferson City. SnARPsnuRG, p. v., Alleghany co., Pain. : on the right bank of the Susquehanna r., 7 m. above Pittsburg, and 155 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It is a considerable manufac- turing place, and much trade is carried on here. Pop. 1,229. Sharp's Fore, p. o.. Athens co.,0?tio: 65 m. S.K. Columbus. Sharp's Mills, p. o., Harrison co., Imf. : on the lefl bank of r.reen IJank r., 101 m. S. Indianapolis. Sn.vRPSniN PoisT. Chittenden co., Vfrm. : a high, rocky point, on the N. side of Burlington bay, about a mile and a quarter from the S. wharf in Burlington. 7S4 Shaeptown, p. v., Somerset co., Md. : on the left side of Nanticoke r., 52 m. S. E. Annapolis. Sharptown, p. v., Salem co., JV. Jer. : is a m.inufacturing place, on the right bank of Salem r., 49 m. S. W. Trenton. Shaktlesville, p. v., Berks county, Perm. : 43 m. N. E. Harrisburg. SiiASTE county, Calf/. Situate N., and contains about 4.S00 sq. m. Bounded on the W. by the Coast liahge. and on the E. by the Sierra Nevada. The S. boundary is a lino on the parallel of Ked Bluff, the head of navigation in the Sacramento river, and its N. boundary the line of the new county of Siskiyou, in lat. 41° 20'. The Sacramento runs directly through it from the north, and it is drained by its tributaries — Pitt river, Lower and Ark creeks, from the E., and Salt, Clear, Dry, Cottonwood, and Sandy creeks, from the W., all rising from the mountains. Surface, except in the immediate valley of the Sacramento, hilly and broken ; but there is a vast amount of fine agricultural land in the county, of which, in 1S52, only 90S acres were under culti- vation. There are many springs strongly impregnated with minerals, of which the Soda Springs, near the Sacramento, and 60 m. N. of Shast6 City, are the most celebrated ; and there are 12 or 15 salt springs, which would produce salt sufficient for the whole State. Not a river, creek, gulch, or ravine that does not contain gold, and mining is extensively carried on. The capital invested in quarfz mining, in 1352, was ^94,700 ; in placer mining, $90,950 ; and in other raining operations, $92,S00. The total intlustrial capital of the county was $9oS.500. The principal mining localities are French gulch, Mad Mule Cafion, Mad Ox Canon, Whiskey creek,One- Uorse Town, One-Mule Town, Clear creek, Grixzly gulch, and Middletown. About 2,000 men were engaged in mining, and the aimual product had been $2,492,000. Pop. 4,050— wh. 3,700: males3,4-iS, and females 252 ; negroes 4S— males 45, and females 3 ; mulattocs 12 — males 10, and females 2 ; Indians 73— males 52, and females 21 ; foreign residents 823 —males S14, and females 14. Over 21 years of age— Amer- icans 2,G47, negroes 45, mulattoes 9, Indians 59, and foreign- ers 792. Capital : Shasle City. Shaste Citv, p. v., and cap. Shast6 co., Calif. : is located in low hills, a little W. of the Sacramento r., 150 m, from San Francisco, and 120 m. N. from Vallejo. It is a place of considerable importance, being the terminus of land car- riage, and a starting-place for packers to Oregon. There is a bank here, and considerable money is in circulation. Mines are numerous in the vicinity, every stream (of which there are man}) containing more or less gold. Salt springs are also found. Pop. 1,000, Shauck's, p. 0., Morrow co., Ohio: 37 m. N- Columbus. Sha u-MBUEG, p. v., Cook county. III.: 172 m. N. E. Springfield. Skater's Creek, p. o., Huntingdon co., Pen7i. : 59ra. W. Harrisburg. There is a forge and rolling mill here, the former made (in 1S50) 475 tons blooms, and the latter 150 tons boiler and sheet iron, both moved by water-power. Siiavertown, p. v., Delaware co., N. Y.: on the S. side of the E. branch of the Delaware r., 71 m. S. W. Albany. Shawanaw county. Wise. Situate E. of the centre, and contains S2S sq. m. Drained by Wolf r. and its branches. Surface varied ; soil in parts fertile. Set off recently from southern portion of Oconto county. Shawangunk, t. and p. v., Ulster county, N. K.- 74 m. S. by 'W. Albany. Drained by Shawangunk cr. and Wall- kill. The surface in general is mountainous, the Shawan- gunk Mountains covering the principal portion— on the E. gently undulating; soil pleasantly diversified, and on the E. highly productive and good timber. Grain is raised in large quantities, but more attention is paid to the rearing of cattle and to the dairy. A number of skeletons of the mastodon have been fumd in this town and the vicinity. The V. is on a branch of the Wallkill, and lumber, flour, cotton, and woolen goods are manufactured. Population of t 4,036. SHA SiiA-WANGUNK mountaiiis, 2^. Y. : a continuation of the AltegUany chain, extending from the Delaware r., in Orange ctmnty, thence through Sullivan cnuntj- to town of New Pallz, in Ulster county. On the E. they are well cultivated, but on the W. they arc precijiilous. Lead is fuund on them. Their greatest altitude is 1,8G6 feel. SiiAWNEi:, p. v., Niagara oo., iV'. I'.; 12 m. E. of Niagara Falls an.l 2'.n m. W. by N. Albany. Sn\w>KE, p. o., Monroe county, Penn.: 91 m. N. E. Harrisbnrg. Shawnee creek, fiid. : rises in the N. E. corner of Mont- gomery county, runs W. tiirough Fountain county, and flows into the Wabash r., 10 ra. above Covington. It i3 a valuable mill-stream, never failing, and the mills erected on it, and watt-r-power that may still be used, will compare fiivnrably wiih any part of the Slate. Shawnee Mound, p. o., Tippecanoe county, Ind.: Gl m. N. W. Indianapolis. Shawnke PRAiF.rc, p. o., Fountain co., Ind.; S. E. of the AVid^ash r., 61 m. N. W. Indianapolis. It is situated on tlR- liordt-r of a large and rich prairie so called, mostly well culiivated, the soil of which is favorable for wheat, corn, and grass. Shawneetown, p. v., Gallatin co., I/L: on the Ohio r.. 11 in. below the mouth of the Wal)as[i and 164 m. 8. E. from Springfield. Its situation, though pleasant looking, is low and liable to inundation. As a place of trade this is among the largest in southern Illinois. There is a paved levee here, almost as long as the one at Cincinnati, Ohio. A hog slaughtering and packing establishment, owned by Messrs. O. Poole & Co., Is quite an important feature, hav- ing facilities for hanging up 1,000 hogs per day. Tobacco is raised in considerable quantities, 300 hogsheads of which was shipped to different parts in 1S5'2. IrjS m. N. W. Richmond. Shetaug river, Cwin. : a branch of the Ilousalonic, en- tering it at Soulhbury from the N., affording good water- power. SiiEPnERD's Grove, p. o., Culpepper co., Vlrg. : 66 m. N. N. W.Richmond. SnEPHERDSTOwN. p. v., Beluiont co., Ohio: on E. side of a branch of Wheeling creek, lliS miles E. by N. Columbus. Pop. 90. SuEPHERDSTowN, p. V., Cumberland co., Peiiu. : 7 m. S. Harrisburg. SnEPHERnsTOWN, p. v., Jefferson co., Virg. : on the 9. W. side of the Potomac river. 10 m. above Harper's Ferry, and 129 m. N. by W. Richmond. The water-power is excellent, and considerable flour is manufaclnred. The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. passes near the v. Three papers fire Issued weekly: the ''Free Press"' (whig'), "Siiinl of Jefferson" (23. SnKREiT.NE, t. and p. v.. Middlesex county. 3fy several small streams flowing into the lake. Surface hilly; soil fertile. This is a highly cultivated farming district, with excellent water-power, several mills, and light matm- factures. The New York and Erie, and Lake Shore rail- roads pass through the town, and connect at Dunkirk, threo miles W. Pop. 2,172. Sherman, t. and p. v.. Fairfield co., Conri. : 47 hl W. S. W, Hartford, 36 miles N. W. New Haven. Surface uneven. Drained by Rock r., a branch of the Housatonic. It con- tains several mills, a few stores, and tanneries. Population of t. 9S4. Sherman, p. v.. Cook co., III. ; on the right bank of N. branch Chicago river, 19 m. N. by W. Chicago, and 1S8 m. N. E. from Springfield. Sherman, p. v., and cap. Grayson county, Tra-. ; on Choctaw branch of Red river, 247 miles N. by E. Austin City. Sherman, t- and p. v., Chautauque county, N. Y. : SOS m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by head waters of French cr. Surface rolling; soil fertUe. It has excellent water-power. 7ST SHE SHO The V. contains a furnace, several mills, and a tannery. Pop. of t l,2tt'->. Sherman, t. and p. v., Huron co., Ohio: 81 m. N. Colura- bua. Drained by branches of Huron r. Surface rolling ; eoil fertile. Tbe Mansfield and Sanp. uf t. 1.6"l. SnouT Bend, p. o., Dent co., Mo. : G2 m. S. E. Jefferson City. Snoirr Ceeek:, t. and p. v., Harrison county. Ohio: 105 m. E. by N. C'olumbus. Drai[ie{). SuREwsnuKV. t. and p. v., York co.. /V»h. ; 33 m. S. by E. Ilarrisburg. Drained l-y branches of Codorus cr, Surface undulating; soil inf.-rior. The b. is in the S. part of the t., and has some manufacture.'*, etc. There is in the t, inde- pendent of the b., manufactures uf woolen goods and paper, several mills, etc. The Ballimr.re and Susiiuebanua K. K, crosses the W, part of the town. StiREWKiuniT, t. and i>. v., lUUland county, P?/w, ; 54 m. S. by Montpelier. Drained by Mill and CoM rivers, which afford water-power. Surf;ice mountainous. lying on the Green Mountain ran^e. It contains Shrewsbury Peak: height 4,100 feet above tide-water. The land is ehieily adapted to grazing, and there is good timber. It has some manufactures. The v. is on Cold river, and the liutlatul and BurlingtoQ B. i;. crosses the S. W. part of the t. Pop. of t. 1,26S. Shrewsbuht, p. o., Kanawha co., Mr(/. : 229 ra. W. N. "W. Bichmond. SiiREWsuui'.v river, Monmouth co., X. Jer.: a continua- tion of Sandy Hook bay. flowing 5 m. partly Ihroiigb a salt marsh, averaging about li m. in width. II receives Shrews- bury ri\er propi.-r, a stream G or 7 m. long. SuRUB Oak, p. 0., Westchester county, A'". }'. ; 93 m. S. Albany. SnuLLsnrRG, t and p. v., Lafayette county, Tr/roduotive altjug the streams. Lock's Pond in N. W. part of t., covers 700 acrt-s, and is well stocked with fish. There is also a mineral spring of some note near the centre, abounding in muriate of lime. The manufactures of the t are light. The v. is located centrally. Pop. of I. 912. Shy Post. p. v.. Auilrain co,. Mo. : on the E. of Loutrie r.. 42 m. N. E. Jeff.-rson City. SiAM. p. o., Leon CO., Te.r. : 123 m. N. E. Austin City. SiASCoNSET. v., Nantucket co., 3fn8s.: on the S. E. part Of Nantucket island, 7 ra. from Nantucket v., is an attractive summer report, having a fine hotel and other accommoda- tions. SiiiiLA, p. v., "Wasliington p.ar.. La. : on a branch of Tan- gipahoa r., 49 m. N. E. Baton Rouge. SiiiLEY. p. v., Jackson co.. Mo. : on the right bank of the Ohio r., UG m. W. N. W. Jefferson City. 7S9 SIB SIM Sibley's Mii.LS.Wilkinson co.,Miss.: 101 m. S. "W. Jackson. SiciLY.p.o., Highland co,/M/i-j;01 miles S.S.W. Cnlumbiis. Sideling mouiituitis, Penn, and M*. ; 104 m.W. N.W. Albany. SiLOAM, p. o., Surry county, X Car. .- 120 m. W. N. W. Pvaleigh. Silver lake, Wyoming co., 27. Y. ; a beautiful lake, lying in the towns of Perry and C:islile, 5 m. long and three-quar- ters of a mile wide, abounding with excellent flsh, originally introduced from Lake Erie. Silver Blfff, 6'. Car: an eminence extending about 2 m. along the bank of the Savannah river, about 1 m. wide, and elevated nearly 30 feet above the opposite shore. Silver Creek, p. v., Stephenson co., 171.: on the S. side of Pekalonica r., at Ihe mouth of Silver creek, 163 miles N. Springfield. The Illinois Central K. E. passes 1 mile N. of this place. Silver Creeik, p. c, Schuylkill co., Penn.: 42 m N. E. Harrisburg. Silver Creek, t. and p. o., Cass co., MicJi. : 93 m. S. W. Lansing. Drained by Dorragiake river. Surface gently undulating, with au exceedingly fertile soil, producing grain in abundance. The stream affords good water-power. Pop. 491. Silver Creek, p. v., and sta., Chautauque county, 27, Y. : near the mouth of the creek so called and its confluence with Lake Erie, and on the Buffalo and State Line K. K., 31 miles S. by W. Buffalo, 2S6 m. W. from Albany. It is a manufacturing village, and has some trade in lumber, etc. The imports for 1843 amounted to $212,SI9, and the exports $107,081, making a total of $:n 9,900. Being connected with Dunkirk and Buffalo by II. R. and the lake by water, it bids fair soon to become a place of some note. It has 1 bank, cap- $92,850. The '• Silver Creek Mail" (whig) is a weekly issue- Silver Creek, p. o., Maury county, Tenn.: 35 m. S. Nashville. Silver Glade, p. v., Anderson district, S. Car.: E. of Twelve Mile creek, 05 m. N. W. by W. C.>Iumbia. Silver Hill, p. o., Davidson county, JV". Car. : 89 m. W. Raleigh. Silver Lake, p. o., Washtenaw co., Mich. : 45 m. S. E- Lansing. Silver Lake. t. and p. v., Susquehanna co.^Penn. : 59 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drained by tributaries of Chocouui creek, and by Sdver creek, outlet of Silver lake, a sheet of water three-quarters of a mile long and half a mile wide, N. E. of which is Quaker lake. Surface billy ; soil fertile. The V. on Silver cr. has several mills, etc. Silver Run, p. o., Meigs co., Ohio : 75 m. 8. E. Columbus. Silver Kln, p. v., Talladega co., Ala.: on Chockolocko creek, 86 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Silver Spring, p. o., St. Francois co., Mo. : 107 m. E. S. E. Jefferson City. Deposits of iron and lead are found in the vicinity. Silver Street, sta., Newbury disL, S. Car. : on tbe Greenville and Columbia R. R., 54 m. W. N.W, Columbia. Silveuton, p. o., Barnwell district, S. Car. : 63 m. S. W. Columbia. Silver Top, Obion co., Tenn. : 137 m-W. Naslivillc. SiLVERviLLE, p. v., Lawrcncc co., Itul. : on a branch of White r., 65 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. Simmons, P.O., Lawrence CO., 0/t/tf;99m.S. byE. CoUmibus. SiMMONsviLLE, p. o., Gilcs CO., Vlrg. : 143 m. W. by S. Richmond. SiM-M*s Port, p. o., Avoyelles par.. La. : 73 m. N. W. Eaton Rouge. Slmonsville. p. v., Windsor CO., Venn,: on a branch of William's river, 73 m. S. Monlpclier. Simpson county, Ky. Sitviate S. toward Iho W., and con- tains 234 sq. m. Drained by Drake's creek and blanches, which enter Big Barren r., in the \-.. of Warren co., and l>y branches of Red r.. a chief tributary of Cumberland r. Sur- face level ; soil fi-rtile. and atlapted to cotton and tobacco, w hich Willi wheal and Indian corn, form the staples. The SIM SIX : 13T 1. W. by S. ^u";;;i;;^i;^r;^e S.ate Ucs on its 8 b,.r^.r. J^^^ Louisvillo and Nashville E. E. , „ , s ■nr and and coilon. Farms 451: maiuif. s; Ive". 5-0, »■ J -wl,. 8,190, fr. col. 3, si. 1,541-lotal 4,,.^. OW't^"- ■Wfstvilk'. SiMi-soN's, p. ■...Floyd cuiinty, T -'•(/• S,Ml.sos-s, sla., Preston Co., nm : on the B: « or^ n",' Ohio E. E., m m. S. E. Wheeling, and 1,.. m. N. ^^ . '";:r;'-sM,..,p.o.,Laurensdis..,^a,..onE.slde ofEaeI,urn'.cr.,CGm.N.W.Oolmnbia. .,;5„w SI^>l>80N■s STOEE, p. cWashinglon co., Pern,. . l.o m.W. "^'::^,.r..,p.v.,Shel„yco.,iu,.:onFloyd-sfcrl.of Salt r., ISl m. S. W. Nashville. .s:j!;^™^g^n;,n^™--^;;'>^^-'- S N. K. corner is the flourishing mannfaeUm, village of TarilTv.lle. Pop. of t. in 1S4«, l.s o ; m ^'». ; ■"; „ S,v-,-i..ME-s Bottom, p. o., Smyth county, 1 "(/.. 2.?1 m. W S W. Richmond. ,, i.NKATU. V. and sta., Charleston district, .S'. Car. : on the .^ri:::u:ed t^om the Atlantic Ocean by ^ - -j^ called Assateague, or Fenwidc's island. It .s na^ .gable "1;r:::^r:::^u:torccster co„ .«.: a l„ng ne* o.^ , *V^'' . ,;„„ ,„,„ „,e bay so called, almost separated S™ r ah bvTrl; an,lN.erring creeks, between the ^;SrI of which tke co,.strucUon of a canal has been pro- ^'tt, SK.-.,P. V. and sta., Westchester eo., K T.: on E. banlJ of Hudson river ; by Hudson Eiver E. E., 8'2 tn. from N w York, and W m. frotn Albany. Situated on elevated fn, nneve. ground, and presenting a picturesque appear- ae Incorporated in 1S13. It has several land. ngs from v> W> steamboats and other vessels ply da.ly to New To k, „i which it has a large trade. It contains an .ron fo. n- I ^'p-yard, grist-mill, some small manulaetor.es and 5 01 ,;,-.es. Mount Pleasant Academy, an incorporated m- B i n for boys, has a handsome marble ed.flce, 3 stor.es tlhabove the basement. The Mount Pleasant l.emale « "n,inarv is also an incorporated instimtion.hav.ng abe.au- UMloeation. The Croton Aqueduct »' ' - I^-J^,™ * . , ,<■ „„.,.h nllra.-tion; it cros-ses over the bmg Ring kui ^ t:;i:r ':^: o/whiC. ^e space be,.ee„ i. abu^ ments is SS feet, and its elevation from the creek 100 f.a. Sinfs ,g i chiefly celebrated for its very extensive qu.ar- r's'of l lent marble, large quantities of which are an- „;:«; quarried and sent to New York at.d <•»- P -« ' these are chiefly worked by the eonv.cis of the blate 1 r.son, . K.d about talf a mde S. of the village, ""f """f;™'- ' i,i„. 18,1 acres. The main building is 4S4 fee long. 44 S wTde, .5 stories high, and contains 1,00» cells. Adjo.n.ng are the various workshops, chapel, hospital, s ore-houses, 1 all built of rough-dressed marble. The female eon- viet's are in a separate building. The annual receipts of ahorfrom the convicts are nearly equaled by the expend- lures The average number of convicts in 1*60 was rll, of whom SO were females. Pop. about 2.S00 SiskiNO CREEK, p. o., Botetourt CO., )«■!,.: 131 m. ^^ . Eichmond. Oliiu: on E. side of S.NRiso Si-iusr., p. v.. Highland Co., Brush cr., 61 m. S. by W. Columbus. . ,5 „ e. SiNKiN.i Spei-ng, p. v., Berks county, Pe'in. . to m. li. ":^:;;':^-Y.r.,.,c.Mt,.,.,p.o.,Blairco.,P.«..:SOm. ^r."« p. o., Clinton CO., ^«,..:.Om.N.W. "^:;:M!;o.t.a river, A«».: a large tributary of^U^e convent. , contains 1,050 .:r^ir:::^b^head:rthesofFloyd.r.,^mbu.ry o Sioux r which flows on its western border. Surface .11 :^ri:;;el.but l,. parts undulating, Vr^^^^^^S^^^^^ diversity in the nature of the county, bo.l feruk, and la vSe'to the growth of fruit, wheat, Indian corn, etc It lias some excellent thnber. Set oft since IsoO. ';.oi'X river, Jili-uK and /<(. ; more commonly named •Bit Sioux ., ises in one of the numerous lakes t.car Iho ;^;ofthe;.evatedKairie,»dinthe^ntr^p..«^^^ Minnesota Territory-flows E. S. E- "l' "' -™ " „u,„ies into the Missouri r. Below 43- ot N. lat., ,t torn^ the bou,.dary between Iowa and M.nncso a S.CE.v.LLE, p. o., Somerset county, I'c.in. ■ lb) ""■« •»■ "^!r"'' P v., Plymouth CO., J.«.. : on W. side of Sip- pie a b.'r of Buiard-s bay, 51 m. S. by E. Boston The ,' ,«1 busmess of this V. is the mat.ufacture of salt. 's'srvTuuKiuKK, P.O., Tuscaloosa co.,.l/...: on the nght bank of Sipsey r., 100 m. W. N. W. Montgomery ",B J.mVB Eus, p. o., and sta., Morgan eo., 1 uV on biB JoUN b ivi, , t. Harper's Ferry, the Baltimore and Ohio 1'. 1'., ■'•' '"• "• " • ^ ■ind I'lS m. N. bv W. Eiehnlond. •"li^von county, CUf. S.tuate N. E-, bc^cen has^6 county and the N. Slate line, and ^-^ f"' ^^J^^^^"',^ J; hetween the E. line of the State and the Coast l.an„e. Area about S,000 sq. m. The surface is elevated and mon,.t. ti ous wHh valle,. of great extent intervening It contains \ ,mVhast6 a ofly eminence, 14,400 feet above the sea- ^;™ andlm t,?e slopes of which the Sacramento has its head eons, iuents. A large number of tributaries, of wh.eh P t r is most considerable, Join it in this county, and th re are also several mountain lakes, the outlets of which * w i.do I. Of these Ehett and Deer lakes are the m,« ex e. " ve. Gold mining is the principal ind.,,, ry. In 1«2 U^ re were 9 quarlz mills in operation. Capital invested m o arlz ■nh.ii.MSo.oSO; in placer mining, $39,10o ; and m quartz m.i... ,-, r employed in other oceupa- ;tr ^T^m Si ^r euUiLu,n, 309 acr.. Pop- :,;„':; ,he same period, 2,240, of which were wh.l.9..(^ n.iles 1S74 and females S2; negroes 84-,nah.3 -U, ana T , 1 . muKtloes 4 males; Indians 20-23 males, and 4 Taks and for S rcTiden^ 220-males 213, and fcnalcs rOv:;.H yelrs o°f age-citizens of the United Stands 1.51 ,. negroes 32, mulaltoes 4, Indians 12, and foreigners 207. ''^;;':^;^. v., Kanawha co. T7.V. : on a branch of ' Pocatalieo r., 28T ,m W. N W. En^mornl. ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ,heXrr5or;;iowwh:::;nU.i23om.Nw.Eic,. the, h.or 5Jn ^^.^ ^^^ ^, ^„,, "Xln ^u!wt::h was subsequenuy transferred to M.ddle- "7; o'^sS, p. o„ Eiehland CO., OMo: 67 m. N. by E. '1','" MMX. p. c. Jennings CO., M. : on a creek so called, 5s m. S. S. E. Indianapolis. SI.X M,UE Faies, p. o., Penobscot CO., J/i. _^^ SIX SME Sis Mii.k IIu.v, p. o., Somt-rst-l co., X. Jer. Six MiLi: Run, p. o., BeJford co., Penn. : S3 m. W.S. W. llarrisburg. Sis Kuxs, p. v., Stimpson co., jV Car. : on the E. side of a cr. so c:i!Ied, 66 au S. by E. Raleigh. Skaneai-eles, t. and p. v., Ou'indaga co., y. Y. : 140 m. W. by N. Albany. The greater part of the lake so calloil h in this town, and its oulkt, flowing: N. hito Seneca r.. drains it, and alT'>rds excellent water-power. The surface, for 5 or 6 miles from the foot of the lake upward, stupes gently to to the water's edge, but toward the head of the lake it becomes more abrupt, and even moimtainousi, and Ihere are miniature paii&ades cnntauiing geological wonders. The soil is excellent, and the country is noted for its agricultural resources ; and is well laid out in farms, with spacious farm- houses and out-buildings, giving every indication of abund- ance and thrift. The v. (incorporated in 1S03) is at the out- let of the lake, and having a commanding site, presents a neat and tasteful appearance. Near it, at the base of a steep range of hills, some 600 feet high, is a commodious hotel and a water-cure establishment. It is a considerable manufacturing place, and contains flouring and saw mills, iron foundries, machine shops, two extensive carriage fac- tories, woolen factories, and tanneries, besides a number of workshops (jf various kinds. The Skanealeles and Jordan Branch K. R. diverges from the v., and connects with the Rochester and Syracuse R. R. at ibe junction, 5 m. N. Three papers are issued, 2 weekly, the " S. Columbian" (whig), and the *' S. Democrat'' (dera.), and 1 monthly, the " Family Companion." Pop. of t. 4,0SO. Skankateles lake, y. Y. : lies partly between Cayuga and Onondaga counties. It is a beautiful sheet of water, 15 m. long, and about 1 m. wide, and surrounded by romantic scenery. It is noted for its fine trout and other tisb, with which it abounds. Skeels' Cross Roads, p. o., Mercer co., OJuo : S9 m. W. by N. Columbus. Skegg's Creek, p. c, Barren co., JTt/. : on a stream so called, 110 m. S.S. W. Frankfort. Skinnek's, p. 0., Benton co., Oreg. Te)\ : 50 m. S. S. E. Salem. Skinner's Eddy, p. o., "VTyoming co., Pejin. : on Susque- hanna r., ^0 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Skinquarter, p. 0., Cheslerfleld co., Virg. Skippack. t. and p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : 77 m. E. Harrisburg. Drained by the er. so called. Surface hilly ; soil fertUe. Skippackville is in this town. Pop. of 1. 1,622. Skowueoan, t. and p. v., Somerset co., 3re. : on N. bank of Kennebec r, ?>2 m. N. Augusta. Soil fertile and well cul- tivated. The V. possesses the advantages of a great water- power, furnished by Skowhegan falls, which are improved by mills of various kinds, a woolen factor}', tannery, etc. It is well built, and has considerable trade. The " People's Press" (whig) and "Democratic Clarion"' are published weekly. Pop. oft. 1,756. Skunk river, la.: rises in the highlands, in the central part of the State, flows by S. E. course nearly parallel to the Des Moines for 150 m., an*! empties into the Mississippi. It drains a rich and fertile portion of the State, and abounding with limber, and atTords many excellent mill sites. Slabtow^n, p. o., Anderson dist., S. Car. : on the E. side of Twenty-three Mile cr., 103 m. N. W. Columl/ia. Slabtown, sta.. Rush co., Ind. : on the Rushville and ShelbyviUe R. R., 1-i m. Shclbyville, and 32 m. E. S. E. Indianapolis, Slack, p. c. Mason co., Ky. : 71 m. N. E. Frankfort. Slade, p. o., Lee county, Ga.: 107 miles S. W. Milledge- ville. Sladesville, p. 0., Ilyde co., K Car. : 133 m. E. by S. Raleigh. Slate, p. v., Bath co., Ay. ; at the confluence of Slate cr. with Licking r., G7 m. E. Frankfurt. 71*2 Slai-efobd, p. o., Northampton co., Penn.: 97 m. N. E. Uarrisbnrg. Slate Hill, p. c, York co., Perm- : 25 m. S. Harrisbur^. Slate Hill, p. o., Orange county, 2f, Y, : 97 in. S. W. Albuny. Slate Lick, p. o., Armstrong co., Pcmi. : 137 ra. W. N. W. Harrisburg, Slate Mills, p. o., Rappahannock: county, Virg. : on a branch of the Rappahannock river, 75 miles N. N. W. Richmond. Slateryille, p. T., Tompkins co., X. Y. : on Six Milecr., 13S m. W. by S. Albany. It is a small manufacturing village containing about 350 inhabitants. Slatertille, p. v., Providence co., H. L: on Branch r., 14 ra. N. W. by N. Providence. It contains several fac- tories, which are chiefly engaged in making coltou and print goods, etc. It is a pleasant v., and contains also two cliurches. Sledge\tli^, p. v., Panola co.. Miss. : on a branch of Tallabatchee r., 150 m. N. Jackson. Sleepy Ckeek, p. o., Wayne CO., X. Cur. : 43 m. S. E. Raleigh. Sleepy Creek, sta., Berkley co., Vtrg. : on the Baltimore and Ohio R. R., 35 m. N. W. Harper's Ferry, and 13S m. N. by "W. Richmond. Sleepy Creek, p. v., Edgefield dist., S. Car. : on a branch of Little r., 52 m. W. Columbia. Sleepy Creek Bridge, p. o., Morgan co., Virg. : SO ra. N. N. W. Richmond. Sligo, p. 0., De Kalb county, Temi. : 55 m. E. by S. Nashville. Sligo, p. o., Ilenrj' co., JCi/. : 25 m. N. W. Frankfort. Slkio, p. o., Clinton co., Ohio: 55 m. S. "W. Columbus. Slippery Rock, t. an«l p. o., Butler co., Peim.: 173 m. W. N. "W. Harrisburg. Drained by the cr. so called, and its tributary. Wolf cr. Surface uneven, with a very fertile soil, producing grain, etc. The v. of Centreville is located in the town. There are in the t. two furnaces, with an annual capacity of 1,100 tons each; several tanneries, grist, and saw mills. Pop. of L 1,700. Sloansville, p. v., Schoharie co., JVi K .■ on Vly cr.. and on Cherry Valley turnpike, 32 m. W. by N. Albany. It dt- rives good water from the stream, improved by various saw- mills, etc. Pop. about 350. SLOATsnuRG, p. V. and sta., Rockland co., X. Y. : on the Ramapo river, and on the New York and Erie R. R., S5 ra. N. by W. New York, and 16S m. S. by W. from Albany. This beautiful and thriving manufacturing place presents a singular aspect to the traveler. From the sta. are to be seen two substantial cotton factories, and not a sign of a v. or hamlet in sight, those employed in them dwelling in the bumble but neat abodes scattered along this " happy valley." The mills, embowered as they are in noble trees, look as though they were placed in some gentleman's park, did not the adjacent dingy blacksmith shops show that the precincts were those of a regular factory. These establishments were erected in 1S20, the brick portion in 1S4G, and are used exclusively for making cotton ticitie, of which article 5.000 pounds are sent weekly " by rail" to New York. This improved town is the invention of the princijial proprietor of the mills, and owner of the grounds on which they slans sq. ni. Cumberland r, passes through the en., by whicii and it* trilnit:iry. Caney fork, and also by their branches, it is -. Snow Hill, p. c, Hamilton co., Tenn. : lOS m. S. E. Nashville, Snow Hill, p. v., Walker co., Ga. : on one of the head branches of Tennessee r., 1S2 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Snow Hill, p. v., cap., and port of entry, Worcester ro., Md.: on llie E. bank of Tomoke r., 25 m. above its con- fluence with the bay of the same name, SI m. S. E. Annap- olis. It contains a court-house, jail, an academy, and other public buildings. The total enrolled and licensed tonnage of the district in June, 1S50, was 9,512 tons, 225 tons of which are vessels under 20 tons burthen ; and of the whole tonnage 2S5 tons arc employed in the coasting trade. The sxo SOL total number of vessels built durius: the year ending June, 1S50, was 26 schooners, 990 tons. The " "NVorcesler Shield" is a weekly (whij) issue. Pop. 714. Snow Hill, p. v., Clinton county, Ohio: D3 m. S. S. W. CoUunbus. Snow Hill, p. v., and cap. Greene co., N. Car. : on S. side of CoutL'ninea cr., branch of Neuse r., 6'2 m. E. S. E. EalL'ii;li. It contains a court-house, jail, and the usual num- ber of county buildings. Snow SnoE, t. and p. v., Centre co., Penn. : 80 m. N. W. Harrisknrg. Drained by tributaries of Beach and Bald Eagle crei'ks, which furnish good water-power. Surface mounlainoiis; the main ridge of the Alleghanies passing through IIiL' S. p:irl. The v. is on a braueli of Ceach creek, and contains several mechanic shops, mills, etc. Snow's Store, p. v., Windsor co., Verm. : on a branch of White r., 39 m. S. Montpelier. Snowsville, p. o., Choctaw co., il/7^^?. ; at the source of Tochainockiiuy cr., 39 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Snyhehsville, p. v., Monroe co., Pe7ni. : 93 m. N. E. Uarrisburg. Sntdertowt*, p. v., Northumberland co., Penn. : 55 m. N. Harrisburg. Soap Creek, p. c, Davis county, la. : 73 m. S. W- Iowa City. SoccopATOT, p. v., Coosa county, Aht. : on a tributary of Coosa r., 45 m. N. by E. Monlgonifry. Social Ciucle, p. v., Walton county, Ga. : on the Georgia K. li., 120 m. W. by N. Augusta, and 52 N. N. W. Milledgeville. Sociality, p. o., Cattaraugus co., X. Y.: on a tributary of Cotniewaiigo or., 27(5 m. W. by S. Albany. Society Hill, p. v., Matvjn co., Alit. : on Ufaupee cr. of Tallapoosa r., 53 in. E. Montgoini-ry. Society Hill, p. v.. Darlingion dist., S. Car, : near Great Pedee r., and on the Chcraw and Darlington K. 11.^ 73 m. N. E. C.lumbia. Socorro, p. v., Socorro co., J\1 Mej\ : on the right bank of the Eio Grande del Norte, lu5 miles S. from Sauta i''6. There is an old Spanish fort in the village. Sonus, t and p. v., Wayne county, X. Y.: 27 miles S. W. Oswego, and 176 W. N. W. Albany. Lake Ontario bounds It on the N. Drained by Salmon and other creeks flowing into Sodus bay and Lake Ontario. The surface has a gentle deeliuatiou toward the lake; soil fertile, and much grain aud grass is raised. Sodus bay makes up into the town,and is the best harbor on the lake shore. The v. is on the ridge road 5 miles S. of the lake, and has several meehauic shops, stores, etc. Tlie t, contains a number of manufactories, mills, etc. The manufactures are chiefly flour, lumber, and leather. Pop. of t, 4.59S. SiiDL'S bay, Wayne county, X. Y. : this bay makes up from Lal;e Ontario, about 3(1 miles W. from Oswego, and 30 E. from Kochcsler. It is a lillle more than 5 m. long, and from one and a half to tliree broad, conUiining an area exceeding 12 square miles. The entrance to it on the lake is protected by substantial piers, built by the United States government, of more than a mile in lengtli, aud is easily accessible at all times to larger vessels than are engaged in the commerce of the lakes. A revolving light and beacon are maintained at the jniblic expense ; heiglit of lantern GO feel ; laL 4.'P 19' N. The bay is completely land-looked, so as to be protected from every wind, bolli from the lake and the shore. Its borders are high and salubrious. The aver- age depth of the waters exceed 4'i feet, and it is pronounced to be far the best harbor on any of ihe great lakes, anorl- ance. The Sodus canal, undergoing rapid completion, will connect it with the great channel of internal eomnumioa- tion. the Erie Canal, and with other internal iniprovemeiiis. It is a Iribuiary of the Erie Canal, and will be the means of bringing'a large business into that i)ortion of it which lile pond in the N. E. part. Soil fc^rtile, and well adapted to gent-ral farming. The v. is pleasantly located on the Kennebec r., and has some manufactures. Pop. of 1. 1,419. Solon, t. and p. v., Cortlandt county, J\^. V. ; 116 m. W. Albany. Drained byOlselicr. and branches of Tioughnlogra river. Surface undulating; soil of good quality, adapted to grazing. The v. is on a branch of Tioughnioga r., and has some manufactures. Pop. of 1. 1,150. Solon, t. and p. v., Cuyahoga county, Ohio: 122 m. N.K. Columbus. Drained by Chagrin r. and its branches, and by Tinker cr., on the former of which there are a number of falls wliich afford extensive water-power. Surface level ; soil of the highest fertility, producing grains in abundance and excellent grass. The v. Is centrally situate. The t. contains several manufactories. Pop. 1,083. Solon Mills, p. v., M'llenry county, III. : on S. side of Nipasink cr., 4 m. S. of N. boundary of the State, and 193 m. N. E. Springfield. SoLSviLLE, p. o., Madison co., 2^. T.: 96 m. "W. by N. Albany. SoMEP.FiELD, p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : on the E. bank of Voughioght-ny r., 133 m. W. S. W. Ilarrisburg. SoMERS, t and p. v., Tolland county. Conn. : 20 m. N. E. Hartford. Drained by Scantic r. Surface on the W. level and fertile ; on the E. elevated and mountainous, with good pasturage for sheep. The v. is located on one of the head branches of Scantic river, and contains a manufactory at wiiieh straw hats are extensively manufactured. Popula- tion of 1. 1,510. SoMERS, t. and p. v., "Westchester co., K Y. : 92 m. S. by E. Albany. Drained by Croton river and tributaries. Surface uneven, with some extensive plains ; soil adapted to grain and grass. The village contains a bank and 2 churches. Pup. of t. 1,722. SoMRKSET county, 3re. Situate toward the N. W. of the Stale, and contains 3,840 sq. m. Kennebec river having its risi' in Moose-head lake, flows through the co. ccntmlly. I)y which and its tributaries, and by Penobscot ami other fine streams it is draine-l. Surface varied — in some parts elevated, .nnd its lulls and valleys i)resent a pleasant prospect. Snil fertile in Ihc soulhern portions, but the K. is mostly wilder- ness, with numerous lakes interspersed. Chief productions, wheat, Indian ci>rn, and potatoes. Agriculture is the lead- ing pursuit. Farms S,S13; manuf. 155; dwell. 5,917, and pop.— wh. 85,577, fr. col. 4— total 85,531. Qipital: Nor- ridgewock. SoMEiiSET county, 3/f?. Situate toward the S. E., and con- tains 4S5 sq. m. Drained by Annemesic, Mannkin. and ■Wicomico rivers, and branches of Nanticoke river, which fnrms its N. "W. boundary. Surface low and level, and a large portion is marshy. Soil, with euKivation, is fertile, ami the swamp, when drained, makes good pasturage. It contains some sulphur and mineral springs, and bods of bof'-iron ore. Oak, pine, ash. cedar, chestnut, and maple are found on Ihe land, which is in general well timbered. Farmsl,4S5 ; manuf. TG ; dwell. 8,\6% and pnp._wh. 13,SS5, fr. col. 3,4S3, si. 5,5SS— total 22,456. Capital: Princess Anne. SoMKitsFT county, N". Jer, Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 232 sq. m. U:iritan r. passes through it centrally, by which and its branches it Is drained. Surface diversified; soil a iino deep mold on the streams, and very pri>ductive. Staples, wheat and Indian com. It exports pork and sheep very largely. Farms 1,550; manuf. 1-37; dwell. 3,44S, and , pop.— wh. 17,965, ft. col. 1,696, si. 27— total 19,6SS. Capital: I 796 , Somerville. PithHc WorJcs : New Jersey Central R. R. ; Delaware and Karitan Canal. Somerset county, Penn. Situate S. toward the W., and contains 977 sq. m. Drained by aftluents of Youghiogheny and Conemaugh rivers. Surface hilly, and in the N. W. is Laurel Hill ilountain. The Alleghany range forms its east- ern boundary. Soil fertile, and produces wheat and grain in great abundance. It has excellent pasturage, and large numbers of cattle and hogs are fattened annually and ex- ported. Farms 1,613; manuf. 83; dwell. 18,969, and pop. — wh. 24.317, fr. col. 99— total 24,416. Capital: Somerset. SuMBRSET, p. v., and cap. Pulaski county, Kij. : 73 m. S. byE. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, county offices, etc. Somerset, t. and p. v., Bristol co., Mass, : on the "W. side of Taunton r., and opposite Fall River, having Mount Hope bay on the 8., 43 m. S. Boston. Its navigable facilities are excellent. It has some shipping, and ship-building is car- ried on. In 1S49 the imports of sperm oil amounted to 140 barrels. The v. is located on Taunton r., and contains manu- factories of stone and earthen ware. Pop. of t. 1,166. Somerset, t. and p. c, Hillsdale county, Midi. : 43 m. S. Lansing. Drained by head branches of Raisin r. It con- tains the highest land in the State. Soil fertile, producing wheat, com, oats, etc. Pop. 913. Somerset, p. t., Monroe co.. Mo. : on tho W. side of Salt river, 63 m. N. JeflTerson City. Somerset, p. v., "Wabash co., Ind. : on the right bank of the Mississinewa river, on the State road, 63 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Somerset, t. and p. v., Niagara co., N. T. : bordering on Lake Ontario, 31 m. N. E. Niagara City, and 256 "W. by N. Albany. Drained by Golden Hill cr. and other streams flowing into the lake. Surface even ; soil, sand and clay loam. It has some manufactures. The v. is on a small stream near the lake. Pop. of t. 2.154. Somerset, p. v., and cap. Perry county, Ohio: on the Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zancsville K. R., 37 m. I'^. by S. Columbus. It contains the court-house, jail, and other county buildings, an academy (the St. Mary's— Cathnlic), .several 8tore.s, etc. The " S. Post" (whig), and '• Perry Co. Democrat" (dem.) are both weekly issues. Pop. 1 ,240. Tho Dominican Convent of St. Joseph's (Catholic) is located near the village. Somerset, t., p. b., and cap. Somerset co., Pmn. : 115 ra. \V. by S. Harrislmrg. Drained by Laurel Hill. Middle, ami Cox's creeks. Surface undulating ; soil ftrtile. It has several small manufactories, mills, etc The b. on Cox's cr.. was incorporated in 1304, and contains the court-house and jail, built nf stone, county offices, built of brick, an academy, a number of mills, etc. Two papers are issued weekly, tho "Herald" (whig), and the "Visitor" (dem.) Pop. 366. Somers Point, p. v., Atlantic co., N. Jer. : on Great Egg Harbor bay, 63 m. S. by E. Trenton. It is the port of entry for Great Egg Harbor district ; its tonnage, according to tho rturns of 1&50, was 14,034 tons, enrolled and licensed, and all engaged in the coasting trade. II has no foreign com- merce or ship-building. SoMERSviLLE, p. 0., Tolland co., Conn. : 21 m. N. E. Ilarifnrd. SoMERswoHTn, t., Strafford co.^ K. ITamp. : S2 m. E. Concord. Drained by small streams flowing into Salmon Falls r., which bounds it on the N. E. The soil is well adapted to all kinds of grain ; red and yellow ochre, and iron ore are found. This is a large manufacturing town, but the manufaefures are principally carried on at the village of Great Falls, at the head of tide-water. (S?^ Great Falls v.) Otis' Hill is in this town, from the summit of which tho White Mountains can be seen. There are two considerable ponds in the town. Pop. 4,945. SoMEiiTON, p. T., Belmont CO., Ohio: on a branch of Capliva cr., 97 m. E. Columbus. It contains several church- es, stores, tobacco factories, etc. It is located in an exten- SbM Bive tobacco region, and large quantities are cultivated in the immediate vicinity. Top. 192. So.MBP.Ton, p. o., riiUadelpliia CO., renii,: 9T m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. SoMEKTon, p. v., Nansemond co., rirg. : on the E. aide of Somcrion cr., 30 m. S. E. Uicluiiond. SoMEEviLLE, p. v., and cap. Morgan Co., Ala. : 6 in. S. ortlie Tennessee river, and 150 N. by W. Montgomery. It contains a court-house, jail, and other public buildings. SoMEKViLLK, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., Masi.: 3 m. W. of lioslon. Tliis t. was set olT from Charlestowu. and incor" porated in Uii. It is bounded in part by Mystic r., Miller's creek, and an arm of Charles river. Drained by a small stream called the Shawshun. Surface elevated and hilly. The celebrated hills, called Winter and Prospect, are com« prised in this town. The M'Lean Asylum for the Insane is located here, and the Milk I'.ow Bleaching Company have their extensive works in this place. The Boston and Maine E. R., and the Filchburg E. K. pass through the v. 10 m. from Heading, 33 m. from Lowell, and 47 m. from Fitchburg. It is a place of considerable trade. Pop. 3,5-40. .S.niERTiLLE, p. v., and caj). Somerset co., iV. Jer.: on Uie N. of liaritan river, 23 m. N. by E. Trenton. The New Jersey Central K. K. passes through, 26 m. from Elizabeth- port, anil Si from Easton. It is a neat and well-built place, laid out in a fertile and highly cultivated couTitry, and con- Uains a court-house, jail, an acai. .■ 79 m. 8. W. Nashville. SoKiiEU. HoKSE, p. 0., Montgomery Co., Perm. : 19 m. E. Harrisburg. SorcHAiiATcnEE, p. o., Tallapoosa county, Ala.: on the r. so called, branch of the Tallapoosa, 33 m. E. N. E. Montgoiuery. South AmsoTo.f, p. T. and sta., Plymouth co., Mass. : on the Old Colony E. P.., 21 m. S. Boston ; and the Bridge- water Br. E. E. verges from here, 7 m. N. E. Abington. SotjTn Acton, t. and sta., Middlesex Co., Mass. : on the Filchburg E. E., 25 m. N. W. by W. Boston. Soimi Acwoaiii, ]>■ o., Sullivan county, K Hump.: ou Cold r., 36 m. W. Concord. South Adams, v. and sta., Berkshire CO., J/t/ss. .• on the Pitlsfleld and North Adams E. E., 14 m. Pittsfleld, and 1U9 m. N. W. by W. Boston. South Alabama, p. o., Genesee county, K. T. : 249 ro. •W. by N. Albany. SoUTU Albion, p. 0., Kennebec co., iff. : 93 m. N. E. Augusta. South Albiob, p. o., Calhoun Co., JUkh. : 39 m. S. by W. Lansing. South Aleion, p. o., Oswego Co., N. i'. : 134 m. W. N. W. Albany. South Alben, p. o., Erie county, N. Y.: 252 m. W. Albany. South Alten, p. o., Belknap Co., iV. Hiimp. : near the line of the Coeheco E. E., 21 m. N. E. Concord. South Amcov, p. c, Middlesex co., Mass. : 20 m. N. W. Boston. South Ambot, L and sta., Middlesex co., N. Jer. : on S. side of Earitan bay. 2S m. N. E. Trenton. The Camden and Araboy E. E. terminates at the moulh of Earitan river, C3 in. from Philadelphia, and is connceled by the coin].:iny's steamboats with New York, 27 m. Here is a good harbor. In the vicinity is a large manufactory of stone-ware from excellent clay, which ishere abundant. There are also in the t. several stores and mills. SouTU Amenia, p. o.. Duchess CO., Jf. T. : 64 m. S. by E. South Amheest, p. o., Hampshire co., 3Iass. : .4 m. W. Boston. SotTTHAMTTON counly. rirg. Situate S. E., and contains 614 sq. m. Draineil by Notlaway r. and its branches. Sur- face level ; soil fertile, adapted to grain and grazing. Chief products, Indian corn, cotton, and tobacco. Farms 722; m.anuf. 6: dwell. 1.572, and pop.— wh. 5,071, fr. col. 1,795, si 5.755— tottil 1.3,521. Capital: Jerusalem. 797 sou sou SoTTTHAMPTON, t. atid p. V., Hiimpsliire co., Mass. : ST m. W. Boston. "Watered by Manham r., which passes twice through the t., flowing S. E. and N. E., and affords good water-power. In the N. part is a lead mine, to which a subterraneous passage 900 feet long has been cut, mostly through solid rock. The t. contains several mills of various kinds, and a tannery. The v. at the centre contains a church, academy, etc. The extension of the New Haven and Northampton E. K. on the line of the old canal, will pass through the t. Pop. of 1. 1,060. SouTirAMPTON, p. 0., Peoria county, lU.: 7-3 m. N. Springfleld. Southampton, t, and p. v., Suffolk co., 2^. Y. : on S. side of E. extremity of Long Island, between Great and Little Pcconic bays and the Atlantic Ocean, 142 m. S. S.E.Albany. Surface level ; soil light sandy loam. The v. on the S. shore, contains a church, academy, 3 wind-miJls, with several taverns, stores, etc. Sag Harbor, in N. E. corner of the t., is its principal place, besides which are several small settle- ments. Pop. of t 0,501. SouTHAirPTON, t and p. o., Somerset co., Penti. : 105 m. W. S. W. llarrisburg. Drained by 'Wills cr. and tributaries. Surface mountainous; soil adapted to grain and grazing. It contains several small manufactures. South Andoveb, p. o., Oxford co., JJIe. : 51 m. W. N. TV. Augusta. South Anna, p. o., Louisa county, Yirg. : 45 m. N. "W. Richmond. South Argtle, p. o., Washington county, i\r. K; 40 m. N. by E. Albany, South Ashbuenham. v. and sla.. "Worcester co., Mass.: at the junction of the Cheshire R. R with the Vermont and J[assachusetts R. R., 13 m. W. Filchburg and 49 m.W. N.W. Boston. South Assyria, p. o., Barry county, 2rich. : 35 m. S. W. Lansing. South Attleborough, p. v., Bristol co., Mass. : 34 m. S. S. W. Boston. South Auburn', p. o., Susquehanna co., Penn, ; 103 m. N. N. E. Ilarriaburg. South Avon, p. o., Livingston coimty, 2^. Y.: 214 m. W. by N. Albany. South BirNBRmGE, p. v., Chenango co., N. Y, : on both sides of Susquehanna r., 9S m. W. S. W. Albany. It con- tains a few stores and mills, and 2 churches. South Barre, p. y., Orleans co., A'! Y. : 234 m. W. by N. Albany. South Baeee, p. t., Washington co., Verm. : 8 m. S. S. E. Montpcdier. SouTn Bellingham, p. v., Norfolk county, Mass. : 29 m, S. W. Boston. The Norfolk County E. E. passes near it South Bend, p. v., Arkansas county, Arl\: on the right bank of Ihe Arkansas r., 6S m. S. E. Little Rock. South Bext>, p. o., Armstrong coimty, Peim. 137 ro. W. by N. Harrisburg. South Bend, p. o., Lawrence co., dfo. : 132 m. S. W. Jefferson Ciiy. South Bend, p. v., and cap. St. Joseph co., Ind. : on the south bend of the St. Joseph's r., from which it derives its name, 129 m. N. Indianapolis. Its location is on a high bank. The settlement commenced in 1S31, previous to which it had been an Indian trading post. L. M. Taylor and A. Coquillard were among the first setders. The pub- lic buildings consist of a court-liouse, jail, 4 churches, a county seminary, and a branch of the Slate bank, all built of brick. There are also 2 mills capable of making 150 bbls. of flour each per day, 1 woolen factory, 1 oil mill that man- ufactures 80 gallons a day, establishments for building thresh- ing macliines, several saw-mills, an edge-tool factory, ma- chine sliopg, an establishment for making pegs, lasts, veneer- ing, lath, etc., all propelled by water-power created by a dam in the SL Joseph r. The village is improving rapidly. It is connected with Chicago by the Michigan Southern, 793 and Northern Indiana R. K., distant from Chii-ago 53 m. E. by S., which, with its fine situation, excellent water- power, etc., gives assurance that it will soon rank with the largest town in northern Indiana. The " St. Jost-iih Valley Regiiter" is a weekly (whig) issue. There are in the vil- lage over 300 bouses and about 1,600 inhabitants. South Beene, p. o., Albany co., JVl y. ; 21 m. W. by S. Albany. South BEEW^CK, t, and p. v., York co., Me. : on the S. E. side of Salmon Falls, 95 m. S. W. Augusta. Drained by a branch of the Piscataqua r., which bounds it on the W. The falls on the river supplies the town with immense hy- draulic power, and it has extensive manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, leather, etc. The " Great Works" Man- ufacturing Company, located here, was incorporated in 1S37. The village is located on the navigable waters of Piscataqua r. It contains a bank, and is a place of consid- erable trade. The Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth R. K. passes through, and the Boston and Maine R. R. connects at the village, 13 m. from Portsmouth and 33 m. from Port- land. Pop. of t. 2,592. Soura Bloomfield, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio: 1 m. E. of the Scioto r. and on the Ohio Canal, 81 m. N. Portamouth, and IS m, S. Columbus. South Bloomfield, p. o., Somerset co., Me. : 30 m. 11. Augusta. South BOROUGH, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 27 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by a branch of Sudbury r. Surface undulating; soil rich, and well cultivated. It has some light manufactures, but it is chiefly a farming tofl-n. The V. is located N. of the Boston and Worcester R. R., on which is the sta., 17 m. E. Worcester. Pop. of t. 1,347. South Boston, p. o., Ionia co., Mic?i. : 39 m. W. by N. Lansing. South Boston, p. o., Washington co., Ind. : on a fork of Great Blue r., SO m. 8. by E. Indianapolis. South Bbadfoed, p. v., Merrimac co., A^ Samp.: 30 ni. W. Concord. South Brapfoed, p. o., Orange co., Verm. : 37 m. S. E. Monlpelier. South Bradford, p. o., Steuben county, JiT. Y. : 176 m. W. by S. Albany. South Beainteee, p. v. .and sta., Norfolk co., Mass.: at the junction of the Old Colony and Fall River railroads, 43 ra. N. by E. Fall River and 11 m. S. Boston. Soutubridge, sta., Niagara co., N. Y. : on the Rochester, Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. R., 9 m. N. Buffalo and 276 m. W. by N. Albany. SouTHBRiDGE, t. and p. v., Worcester co., Mass.: 56 m. S. W. Boston. Drained by the Quinnebaug r. and branches, affording good water-power. Surface uneven and hilly ; soil adapted to fruit, grain, etc. It has several manufacto- ries of cotton and woolen goods, among which are ihose of the *' Central Manufacturing Company,'' at which are man- ufactured 1,500,000 yards of sheetings per annum. The v. is on the right bank of Quinnebaug r., and contains a bank, several churches, etc. Pop. of t. 2,S"24. South Bridgeton, p. v., Cumberland co., Me.: 56 m. S. W. Augusta. South Brtstol, t. and p. v., Ontario co., K. K .* on the W. side f»f Canandaigua lake, 11>2 m. W. Albany. Drained by small streams flowing into Canandaigua lake. Surface uneven; soil of moderate fertility. It contains some light manufactures. The v. is on Mud cr. Pop. of t, 1,130. South Bristol, p. o., Racine co., Wise. : 75 m. E. S. E. Madison. South Britain, p. v„ New Haven co., Cmn.: on Pom- pesaug river, 36 m. S. W. Hartford. It is a flourishing and neat place, and contains several manufactories of carpels, hats, etc. South Beookfield, p. o., Madison co., 2^. Y. : 84 m. W. Albany. South Bbukbwick, t. and p. o., Middlesex co., 2i^. Jer.: 15 miles K. E. Trenton. MUlslone r,>e nns he^.. W_ boundary. Drained by ^^^.^-^^^'X^f'^Z' a e in the Laurence's branch of Kar. an r ^ -' U '^ ^^^^,,^ „„, N. W. P-t. °f -;^^^ f chiefly a'agrieu'itural to«n, and weU euluvaled. Tliis 'y.*^,'™[ ^ ;„j ^ew Brunswiclc rK~:r:rJ-.P^t-heU,«n. Populauon nt..rB..v, t. and p. -New Haven co .^..^ on the r:j:l:::n"Tr;o^i..son.n.n„.etor,es,and coal has been discovered. I'-p. " '• !f ' ^, j^,^,, I, w. SorTH BcTLEE, p. o-.-SV ayue co., JV . i . . id- m. i Albany. SOtJ ^rSr«ro.,Ge:esee=eo.,i^.r..-...-W.hyN. ^::^„C^t.o,p.o.,Greeneco«n.y,XK:29,nS.byW. ^s:;v™C«,--.,p.o..E-x county, nn«.. TO m.«.E. Monlpeller t i,cl,nel.l co., Conf.: on Hollen- Sorrn Casain, p. v., LUl inei . , „ m w. Ijy W. back r., on a tributary of the H'-^'^-''^^;',:;; f „el,rs, -rsu^t:e:r;tjr::2:;i.-an. factured and exported. Tiocn co xV. K.-onlhe Son™ CA.uon,p. v. and f ;Tn?- ^ ' 5 g. g, Cayuga and Sus.melianna 1,. 1..,^ uiU.- Cayug-.t, and WSS.W. by W.Albany. THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. upward of 600 miles ; and the "' "" ' ^^^j^ted at 2.i.500 square m.les. swampy tracts, and from the right, and ""=,^'""=,^'': "!_,1 The Santee, the greatest n«r of the '''•^''^' '" "i,,^ „ij„|a,j. by iwomoulhs. which there is a fall of 1 L mountains. Catawba, or Wateree, and the C<'"g"«'- " ^ by the aid of canals, there ,s i^av .ga on , ^. ^^^^ ^,^^ Steamboata ascend it to Camden an i»^^^^^^ The Congaree is itself formed by ""'.J""';™; ,. gj^^ams, in tlie southern part ..f the bta e, navi 30 ^^^, Edisto,^mb^ee^tu.,C>o,a— .-^^^ by small vessels. Ashlej l''"'^''""\''f ,, „ ' divers are navigable, as a general thmg tne ' ,,^3 entrances, ,/the Santee Canal. f^'^'S'' ■""l^'irrthe S.ateare almost valueless, buttl.ecoas^P-^^^^^^^^^ ,,,,^^ shallow, and obstntcted by b,a s Jbe ^'^or ^^,,„,„„es to an "'™''^^,^ ™f ^Jj^it small craft. The which are accessible to »7" T7;'^'X;„„,,s sand bar, tnid that of Georgetow^ w I Umly a ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ harbor of Charleston is obstructed ' 5 » ''»"=-;^ g,„i,., ^,,.1 is sufncient to receive a naN s, but .s . 1 ^_^_^^^ .^ ^^^ harbor of Beaufort, or Port f i" • '^"■S*^^f;", Iduring the blockade of t'^'^f "•"•■". :;=;„f;„;„cs long, it is too Inlet has nine or ten feet of «»";'•• :™'j;^,;l ^^e co:,,, but although about .5 ""'f , y' " ™ ^skirted by a range of most spacious opening for a f;» ' 't,'^^\%tnlrcial value. The ->'•""" P^fPf'^^/rna Nation from Charleston much beset by shoals to be of any g;>-»^^°'" channels, which afford an mland "e""'''''" ""^^^r f„„,s,s of live o,ak, Sands, separated from the mam an^ ^^^,^1^,^, are low and A^''' ''"' ^^ .J ' of "..on was com- to Savannah. These >-''™'' , '■^'- '^^ l^^,^,,^ seed, or Sea Island cotton. Belo e *« f ;;,„^,, ,„.„ in,pene.rable pine, and palme.toes, and 11'^/)"'^''^ alli-ators, and .heir thick woods ™- /""'^J "'r gUdes l-y tbeir shores, he is meneed, many of them were ^'^"'l^Z^,^, and well hdmbitcd, and as '!'<' ™ ^S^ („f ,^j lowering groves of to man. At present they "^ "" ^.^I'^^u-r; interspersed by thick "™.I« "^ P^^'c'e" ^i* a trunk sometimes 12 enchanted by the P^'P^''^^ "^ "^' ' i^.Ued from its being an evergreen, ts l^"^l^^'l^^„,, sweeping the ground. Th'elaurel is here seen covered -*-;;; '^^'^trc'vered with thousamls of - - - . „ ,f ,„„ western part of be.acia.s, which border thesc^shmds tow rdh^^^ _^^^^_^^ b.signiflcant. The P™ m- -^ ,„^,,.„„ ,f „„,„ has Tuomey says, it is ow m„ 10 u«. SOUTH CAROLINA. Massnehiisella and Connecticut are bettor known in Cbarleaton and other cities, than those of the State (South Carolina), noiwiihsi:inth rank (.according to the census of 1S50, the fourteenth), in territorial extent the kventt/'Sit'com/ (since the admission of California, the twenty-third); in the value of her agricullund exports, ihejifth; in the value of the goods, wares, au'l merchandise, of ihe growth, produce, and manufacture of the ITnited States, the thirU'enth. The very large contribution of this State to the national wealth, which is determined by the amount of her domestic exports, and not her imports, comes, too, from a limited part of her soil. The estimated number of acres in cultivation in l?2n, was ],221,000 ; at present it does not exceed 2,000,000 (in 1S50, according to the census 4,072,051), or about one-tenth, (one-fourth) of her arable lands.'' E 5 801 SOUTH CAROLINA. South Carolina 13 diviUed iuto 29 districts, the general statistics of whicb, and the capitals of each, in ISoU, were as follows : Fop. . 82,818 Collnliea. Dwell Abbeville.... 3,391 Anderson . . . 2,440 Barnwell.... 2,460 Beaufort 1,3S5 Charleston... 5,213 Chester 1,541 . . 18,038 Chesterfield.. 1,263 ..10,T90 Colleton 1,515 ..39,505 Darlington... 1,813 ..16,830 EdgeBeld . . . 3,019 . . 39,262 Pairfleld 1,2S2 Georgetown . 575 Greenville... 2,351 Horry 9S0 Kershaw 928 Farms Mnmif. r..r,;t«i. in cult. E,Ut,. Cap.tal.. .1,814.. 156.. Abbeville 21,475 . . 1,9S6 . . 26,608.. 1,558.. . 88,805 . . 72,805 . . 21,404 . . 20,647 . 842.. 682.. 844.. 548.. 888.. 857.. 650. 20,156.. 1,063. T,64C . . 781 . 14,473.. 888. 6G 85, IS 76 50, 32 10, 26 . Anderson . Barnwell . Gillisonville . Charleston . Chester . Chesterfield . Walterboro' . Darlington . Edgefield . Winnsboro' . Georgelow* . Greenville . Conwaysboro* . Camden Counties. Lancaster. Laurens. . Lexington Marion .. . Dwell. ... 1,096. . . . 2,1.32 . . . . 1,812 . ... 1,866 . 10.983 . . 680 , 23,407 . . 1,603 , 12,930 . . &37 .17,407.. 1,374 Marlborough. 9-'9 .. 10,"S9 .. 621 Newberry ... 1,494 . . 20,148 . . 1,045 Orangeburg.. 1,613 ..23,582 . . 1,206 Pickens 2,232 . . 10,904 . . 1,231 Eichland .... 1,588 . . 20,343 . . 544S Spartansburg 3,1 ■)5 , , 26,400 . . 1,555 Sumter 1,903 .. 33.220 .. 1,.S43 Union 1,734 .. 19,852 . . 869 Williamsburg 71T . . 12,447 . . 454 York 2,190 . . 19,433 . . 1,252 Miuiiir. — .„i. Enab. ^^''P'**''- . . Lancaster , Laurens , Li^xington , Marion , BenrK■tts^^lle 89 . . Newberry 41 . . Oningeburg 23 . . Pickens . Columbia . Spartansburg . Sumter . TJnionville . Kingstree . YorkvIUe , 20. ,141 . , 40. . . , 28. 87. ai. 0. 30. The whole number of dwellings in the State was, at the above date, 52,642; of families, 52,937; and of inhabitants, 665,507; viz., whiles 274,623— males 137,773, and females 136,850; fr. col. 8,900— males 4,110, and females 4,790, and si. 384,954. Of the whole population there were, deaf and dtmib—'wh. 129, fr. col. 1, si. 15 — total 145; lUnd—v/h. 152, fr. col. 14, si. 56— total 222; insajie—ych. 192, fr. col. 3, si. 9— total 204; and idiotic—v,h. 242, fr. col. 3, si. 50— total 295. The number of free persons born in the United States was 274,813, the number of foreign birth 8,662, and of birth un- known 48. The native population originated as follows : Maine 68, N. llamp. 39, Terra. 37, Mass. 407, R. I. 97, Conn. 228, N. York SS4, N. Jer. 182, Penn. 362, Del. 14, Md. 320, Dist. of Col. 30, Virg. 1,621, N. Car. 6,173, Soutli Carolina 262,160, Ga. 1,5IM, Flor. 55, Ala. 225, Miss. 60, La. SO, Tex. 1, Ark. 9, Tenn. 183, Ky. 73, Ohio 23, Mich. 2, Ind. 11, 111. 6, Mo. 8, la. 0, "Wise. 0, Calif. 1, Territories ; and the foreign population was composed of persons from — England 921, Ireland 4,051, Scotland 651, Wales 10, Germany 2,180, France 274, Spain 30, Portugal 14, Belgium 0, Holland 9, Turkey 0. Italy 59, Austria 11, Switzerland IS, Kussia 19, Denmark 24, Norway 7, Sweden 29, Prussia 44, Sardinia 0, Greece 1, China 1, Asia 4, Africa 9, British America 57, Mexico 4, Central America 0, South America 8, "West Indies 177, Sandwich Islands 0, and other countries 50. The following table will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by tho TTnited States authorities: Cnlored Pers Census Wliite Years. ' Persons 1790.... ....140,178 Poimlittion. ,.249,073... Decennial Increa.**. Kunieri.'aL Per cent. Free. Slave. ToWl. .1,801 107,094 108,895. ISOO 196,255 3,185 146.151 '.149.336 345,591 96,518 8S.7 ISIO 214,196 4,554 196,365 200,919 415.115 69,524 20.1 1820 237,540 6,720 255,475 265,201 502,741 87,026 21.1 1S30 257,863 7,921 315,401 323,322 581,155 78,444 15.6 1810 259,089 8,271 317,088 325,309.... .. ..594,393 13,213 2.3 1S50 274,623 8,900 384,984 393,884 668,507 74,109 12.8 The general statistics of the State regarding its productions, manufactures, commerce, and institutions, according to the census of 1850, and other official returns for that year, were as follows: Occvpied Lands^ «(c.— Improved farm lands, 4,072,051 acres, and unimproved lands, 12,145,049 acres — valued together at $82,431,054. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 80th June, 1850, was 29,969. Value of farming imple- ments and machinery, $4,136,354. Zive-Htock. — The number of live-stock or domestic animals for the two periods 1S40 and 1850, according to tho census of those years, was comparatively : lR.'iO. Increase, head \ 97,171 head )_ 4,733 head, or 3.6 per cent. 193,244 20,604 663.935 2S5„'i51 1,065,503 —the value of all live-stock in 1S50, was .$15,060,015. Products of Animals, — "Wool, 487,233 pounds ; butter. 2,981,850 pounds : cheese, 4,970 pounds ; and the value of animals slaughtered in the year had been $1,302,6.37. The wool crop according to the census of 1S40 amounted to 299,170 pounds; and hence the increase exhibited in 1850, was 188,063 pounds, or 62,8 per cent. The product per fleeco in 1840, was 20.1 ounces, and in 1350, 27,8 ounces, showing an increase of 7,2 ounces, or 35.8 per cent. Grain Crops.— Wheat, 1,060,277 bushels ; rye, 43,790 bushels ; Indian corn, 16,271,454 bushels; oats, 2,822,155 bushels ; barley, 4,533 bushels ; and buckwheat, 283 bushels, Compariug the above with the products according to the census of 1840, the following results are obtained : Crops. 1840. ie.^0. ■WTieat 908,.354 bushels 1,060,277 bushels. Description. 1840. lT'-,\ •■ }l29,9211 Mules and Asses 1 Milch Cows » ■Working Oxen 1,572,608 Other Cattle I Sheep 232,931 Swine 87S,,532 ( 193,244 " ) .< 20,604 " y ( 663.935 " ) .205,075 . 52,570 .186,971 or 85.8 or 22.0 or 21.3 Eye 44,738 Indian com 14,722,805 Oats 1,436,208 Barley 3,907 Buckwheat 72 802 . 48,790 ,16,561,464 . 2,322,155 4,683 Movement. ilia: 97,923 busheU or 10,1 per cent deer. 8,M9 u or 2,1 " in a: 1,443,649 i( or 9.9 " iiicr. 846,947 |( or 56.9 " tiicr. 616 (( or 15.5 « iiicr. 211 " or 273.0 " SOUTH CAROLINA. Offier Food Crops.—Rice, 159,930,613 pounds; peas and beans. 1,026,900 bushels; potatoes— Irish, 186,494 bushels, and sweet. 4,337,469 bushels. The rice crop of 1^0 was 60,590,861 pounds, and the increase in IS50 was 99,339,752 pounds, or 163.9 per cent. About Ihroe-fourths of the whole rice crop grown in the United States is produced in South Carolina, (he proportions being as 1.599 to 2.153. The crop of potatoes in 1S40, amounted to 2,69S,313 bushels, and hence the increase over this in 1S50 was 1,775,650 bushels, or 66.6 per cent. 3fisrdla7ieous crops. — Tobacco, 74,2S5 pounds ; cotton, 330,991 bales of 400 pounds ; hay, 2^,925 tons ; clover-seed, 376 bushels; other grass seed, 30 bushels; hops, 26 pounds; flax, 333 pounds; flax-seed, 55 itusliela ; silk cocoons, 123 pounds; sugar — maple 200 pounds, and cane, 671 hogsheads of 1,000 pound.s ; molasses, 15,904 gallons; beeswax and honey. 216.2S1 pounds; wine, 5,SS0 gallons, etc. Value of orchard products $35,10S, and of market-garden products $47,236. The prin- cipal of these crops in 1S40 and 1S50 compare as follows: Crop3. 1E«. ISTin. MoTement. Tobacco 51.519 pounds 74.2S5 pounds increase 23,776 pounds, or 46.1 percent. Cotton 61,710,274 ** 132,396.400 " " T0,6SG,126 " or 114.S " Hay 24.61Stons 20.925 tons decrease 8,693 tons or 15.0 " Sugar. 30,000 pounds 671 .200 pounds increase 641 .2iiO pounds, or 2,287.3 " Wine 643 gallons 5,SS0 gallons " 5,137 gallons, or 79S.9 " Silk cocoons, 2,0S0 pounds 123 pounds decrease 1,957 pounds, or 90.7 " no77ip~made Mininfacturea were produced in the year ending 1st June, 1S50, to the value of $909,525. The same class of goods for the year preceding Ihe census of 1S40, were valued at $930,703. Mannftictures.—HolaX capital invested, $0,000,000 ; value of all raw matt-rial, fuel, etc. consumed, $0,000,000; hands employed 00,000— males 0,000, and females 0,000; monthly cost of labor $000,000— male $0(iO,000, and female $00,000; value of products for the year, $0,000,000. The number of manufacturing establishments in operation and producing to the annual value of $500 and upward on the 3(fth June, 1S50, was 1,473, distributed to the counties according to the ex- hibit of the general table. Of this number IS were cotton factories, 91 tanneries, and 6 iron works. The total capital in- vested in manufactures in 1S40, amounted to $3,210,970. Capital invested in cotton manufactures^ $857,200 ; cotton used, 9.929 b.ales ; value of all raw material, $295,971 ; hands employed, 919— males 399, and females 620 ; monthly cost of labor, $10,716 — male $5,565, and female $5,151 ; annual pro- ducts— sheeting, etc. 6,563,737 yards, and yarn 1,34S,343 pounds ; value of entire produeL-^, $749,33S. In 1S40, there were in the State 15 cotton factories — capital $617,450 ; hands, 570 ; value of manufactures, $359,000. Capital invested in tir)g. Vessels. T-ins. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews, American 163 52.71 1 2,206 205 72,222 2,781 368 124,933 4.98T Foreign 142 44,205 1,947 170 52,830 2,235 312 97,035 4.1S3 Total 305 96,910 4,153 375 .... 125,052 5,016 680 221,963 9,169 Distrirla, Charle3tn 1785 South Carolina College Columbia 1S04 Southern Theologieal Seminary (Pres.). do 1S31 Ftirman Theol. Semin.ary (Bapt) Fairfield DistricL 1826 Theological Seminary (Lutheran) Lexington / ls35 Med. Coll. of State of S. Carolina Charleston 1833 PnUie I.ibrarie-s. — According to the report of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institute, in 1S51, there were in the State the following libraries : 2 social— 28,500 volumes ; 2 college— 19,000 volumes ; 4 students— 1 ,900 volumes ; 5 academic and professional — 10,264 volumes ; 1 public school — 250 volumes. Total 14 libraries, and 59.914 volumes. Periodical Press. — The whole numberof periodicals and newspapers published in the Slate on the 1st June, 1850, was 47, of which number 7 were published daily. 4 tri-weekly. 2 semi-weekly, 25 weekly, 5 monthly, and 1 quarterly. Of the whole, 22 were democratic in politics, and 25 whig, or neutral, or devoted to religion, literature, etc. Of the dailies, the aggregate circulation was 20,700 copies at each issue; of the tri-weeklies, — ; of the semi-weeklies, 925; of the weeklies, S5,990 ; of [he monliilit-fi, 5.700 ; and of the quarterly, 1,600 copies. The number and character of periodicals in each di»- trict, was as follows : Abbeville, 2 w. ; Anderson, 2 w. and 1 m. ; Beaufort, 1 \v. ; Charleston, 4 d., 1 t.-w.. 4 w., 3 m., 1 bi-m., and 1 quarterly ; Chesterfield, I w. ; Chester, 1 w. ; Edgefield, 2 w. ; Fairfield, 1 w. and 1 m. ; Greenville, 1 w. and I t-w. ; Georgetown, 1 8.-w. and 1 w. ; Kershaw, 1 s.-w. ; Laurens, Marion, Newberry, and Pickens, each 1 w. ; Rich- land, 3 d., 2 1.-W., and 3 w. ; Spartansburg, 1 w. ; Sumter. 2 w. ; and York, 1 weekly. Pauperism. — Whole numberof paupers who received relief or support witliin the year ending 1st June, 1850, 1,642— 1.813 natives, and 329 foreigners ; and the whole number of paupers at that date, 1,293 — 1,113 natives, and ISO foreigners annual cost of support, $48,387. Rtiligicua Denofninatious. — The statistics of the several religions denominations in the State in 1S50, were as follows: Pre frs.iirs. Stml.>.ila. Alumni, Vol.. in libr. C .... 8 .... ... 70 .... .... IM .... 124 . . . 2.000 17,000 6 .... .33 .... 143 .. 4,000 2 .... . . . . 30 ... . .... 30.. 1,000 2 .... .... 10.... . . . . iO . . 1,S00 8.... ....im .... .... — .. — De.K.niin.- No. ,f Cliiirfli V>l,.e nf D<'n,.mm«. N„ ..r CIjnr.-I. Vnlus «C Dpn.imina- No. of Cl.urcl, V,l,.s nl lioua. Cliunlie. aii'oin. Pn.pertj ^ lions. Cliur.lws m<«uii. rr..|.en>. Itoii.^. Cliiirclies Bcc.m. Tropertj-. BnpHst US. 165,805.. $2«3,80.3 Gcrni'n F.ef. — . — . .$ - R. Catholic.. 14 .. 6fii0 .. »73,815 Christian ... — . — ,. _ Jewish 3 . 2,4110 . SS.700 Swcdcnb'g .. — .. — ., — C"ns:roent1. 1. 2,000., 70,000 Luthcrnn.. . 41 . U,7.-)0 . 100,500 Tunker — ,. — .. — Dutch Ref. . — . — .. _ Mennonile. , . — — Union — .. — ,, — Episcopal.. 71. 2S.I540,, 615,4,W Molhodist. . 467 . l.iWiO . 311,163 Unitarian,., 1 ., 700 ., 80,000 Free 5. l.S.'JO. . 1,700 Moravian . . — — Univcrenlist, 3 ., e&o .. 5,600 Friends 1. 500.. COO PresbylLT'u. 125 . C4,4M . 471,125 Minor Sects, 19 ., 0,620 ,. SOS 09,423 sou sou —making a total of 1,163 cliurches, having accomraodalion for 453,930 persons, and valued at $2,140,346. South Carolina 13 a diocese of the Prottstant Episcopal Church, and also forms a part of the Roman Catholic diocese of Charleston. Jlintorifal Sketch.— ^o\x\\\ Carolina, for many years after its settlement, was united under the same government as North Carolina ; but as early as 1671 it had been set off aa the " County of Carteret in Carolina," and in 1715 had a sep- arate legislature. In 1727 it became a royal colony. The general history of the colony, from its first selUement to the division of Carolina into North and South, is given in connection with the description of North Carolina (which see). The germ of the population of South Carolina was planted at Port Koyal in lOTO, but becoming dissatisfied with the locality, the colony removed ibe next year to the banks of Ashley JUivcr, where they founded old Charleston. A second removal took place in 1630 to Oyster Point, at the con- fluence of Ashley and Cooper rivers, wliere the present city of Charleston was commenced. On the settlement of South Carolina, the proprietors engaged the celebrated John Locke to frame for them a constitu- tion and body of laws. The system of government proposed by the philosopher consisted of 120 articles, and was partly aristocratic and partly feudal in its principles. Three classes of nobility were established, viz.. barons, caciques, and landgraves. The first were to possess 12,000, the second 24,000, and the third 4S,000 acres of land, which was to remain unalienable in their families. The legislature consisted of only one house, and was composed of the lords proprietors, the nobility, and deputies chosen by the free inhabitants holding heritable property. This plan of government, ill suited to the condition and views of Ibe people, produced discord and anarchy. Its spirit was adverse to a democracy, and encour- aged the proprietaries in arbitrary proceedings. Ueligious disputes, however, at this time, were the great causes of disturbance. The Episcopalians being in a majority, attempted to exclude dissenters from the legislature, and the at- tempt succeeding, the Church of England was established by law. A train of evil consequences ftillowed ; and though the obnoxious law was annulled by the British Parliament, tranquillity was not restored, and soon after (1729) the people preferring a monarchy to an oligarchy, the colony became a royal government, the king purchasing the rights of the proprietaries. From this period the colony was governed on the same plan as the other royal governments, and its growth became more rapid. Population began to pour in when discord subsided. The Dutch expelled from New York, the French Protestants, on the revocation of the Edict of Nantz, and others fleeing from tyranny and opposition, sought asylum in the young colony. These generally settled themselves on the Santee River, and perhaps more by their respectability and character than by their numbers, contributed to the future welfare of the Slate. The insurrections of 1715 and 1745 in England also sent numbers to the settlement; many arrived from Germany and Switzerland, and 1,500 French colonists, expatriated from Nova Scotia, found sanctuary in South Carolina. The cuUiv:ition of rice was commenced about the end of the seventeenth century, and as is well known, to this event (which was purely accidental) the State has derived a lasting source of wealth. The wars of tne Spaniards, French, and Indians, undertaken by each for the extermination of the settlers, greatly Impeded the progress of the country during ihe period commencing with the eighteenth century, and ending with the general peace of 1763. The coasts were ravaged, Uie frontier settlements broken up, and numbers left the country in despair, and, to add to the misfortunes of this state of matters, the small-pox raged with violence during the latter portion of this calamitous period. Paring tlie thirteen years intervening to the breaking out of the Revolution of 1776, the province enjoyed uninterrupted peace and prosperity, and in that lime nearly doubled its population ; and the Southern colonies were at that time little inclined to disturb the peaceful order of things, then existing, by joining in the revolt against the mother country. But though this feeling animated the inhabitants generally, there was also a minority favorable to the revolution ; and about this time a revulsion was brought about even among the monarchical party, by orders having been given the governor to use immediately and efieclually the military in the subjugation of the dissentients. This circumstance seems to have determined the conduct of the colonists. During the long struggle that followed, this State suffered much both from the British and Indians, and the tory interest among themselves. The war in South Carolina was remarkable both for gene- ral actions of gre.it importance to the public cause, anlism of the people has not suffered in the general esteem of the world ; and it may be added thai the influence of the conduct of South Carolina has not been without its benefits to the Union, in restraining the federal aggressions and upholding the rights of Stntes to the management of their own intern.al affairs. South Carolina, too, Ii.ts given to its sister States an example worthy of Imitation, in its advocacy of Southern industry and improvement Amany" have their establish- ment fur printing cloths in this v. — capital $20,UU0. There are from 50 to 60 operatives employed in the manufactories. South Ceaftsburg, p. v., Orleans co., Venn. : 30 m. N. by E. Montpelier. There is a manufactory of woolen goods in the village. South ("reek, t. and p. c, Bradford co., Penn.: 113 m. N- Ilarrisburg. Drained by a stream so called, which af- fords powt*r to several mills. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam. The Wilhamsport and Elmira K. li. will pass through this town. South Danby, p. c, Tompkins co., 2i. Y.: lii m. S. W. Albany. South I>ansvilt.e, p. v., Steuben county, A''. Y. : on the Canoseraga r., branch of the Genesee r., 20S m. W. Albany. South Danveus, v. and sta., Essex county, ^fass. : al the junction of the Essex K. R. with the Salem and Lowell and South Heading Branch railroads, 19 ni. S. E. Lawrence, 22 S. E. by E. Lowell, and 17 N. E. by N. Boston. South Dartmouth, p. v., Bristol co., Jfass. : on Appone- ganselt bay, 57 m. S. Boston. South Dedham, v. and sta., Norfolk co., Mass. : on the Norfolk County K. R., 14 m. S. W. Boston. South Deerfield, p. v., Rockingham co., JV. Hiimp. : on a branch of Lamprey r,, 13 m. S. E. Concord. South DEEKFffiLO, v. and sta., Franklin co., Masfi. : on the Connecticut River R. E., 25 m. N. Springfield, and SI m. "W, by N.Boston. South Deer Isle, p. o., Ilancock co., Me. : on S. part of the island so called, 5S m. E. by S. Augusta. South Dennis, p. v., Barnstable co., Mass.: on the left bank of Bass river, 67 m. S. E. Boston. Common salt and epsom salt is manufactured in the vicinity. South Dickinson, p. o., Franklin co., N. Y. : 150 m. N. by W. Albany. South Dorset, p. o., Bennington co., Verm.: 79 m. S. by W. Montpelitr. South Dover, p. v., Tiscataquis co.. Me.: 67 m. N. E. Augusta. South Doveu. p. v. and sta., Duchess co., A'! Y. : on the Harlem R. R., 73 m. N. by E. New Yurk citv, and 79 S. by E. Albany. South Drespen, p. o., Lincoln co.. Me. : on the E. of the Ketmebec r., 21 m. 9. by K. Augusta. South Durham, p. o., Cumberland co., 3fe. : 31 m. S. W. Augusta. South Durham, p. c, Greeno co., A'. 1'. ; on a tributary of the Hudson r., 30 m. S. W. Albany. South Eakt, t. and p. o., Putnam county, K Y. : SS miles S. by E. Albany. The Harlem K. E. passes through, hav- ing a sta. at Brewster's, 55 m. from New York, 99 from East Albany. Surface hilly ; snil fertile. Drained by Croton r. It contains several mills of various kinds, a paper factory, and taTm<-ry. Pop. 2,079. 8<»uTH Easton, p. o., 'Washington counlv, K Y : 24 ra. N. N. E. Albany. South Easton, p. o., Bristol co., Mass. : 25 m. S. Boston. South Edaieston, p. o., Otsego county, J^. Y. : 75 m, W. Albany. South Edwards, p. 0., St. Lawrence co., A*". Y.: 13S m. N. N. W. Albany. South Egrkmoxt, p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : on a small branch of Housatonic r., 122 ra. W. by S. B«iston. South Enolish, p. v., Keokuk co., In. : on a branch of English r.. 33 ni. W. S. W, Iowa City. South Erin, p. o., Chemung co., A'". Y. : 15G m. W. S. "W. Albany. Southerland, p. o., Jefferson county, Fhr. : 23 miles E. Tallahassee. South Farms, p. v., LitchfleM co., dmji. : 23 m. W. by S. Hartford, and 30 ra. N. N. W. New Haven. It contains an academy and church. Southfieud, t. aud p. o., Oakland county, 3fich. : 69 m. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by aftluents of llie branch of Rouge r. Surface diversified; soil deip and fertile, well wooded. Pop. in 1S40, 1,061 : in 1S50, 1,653. SouTHFiELD, p. 0., Berkshire co., Mass. South Fitchbueg, v. and sta., Worcester county, Mass. : on the Fitchburg .and Worcester R. R., 21 m. N. Worcester, and 40 W. N. W. Boston. South Florence, p. v., Franklin co., Ala. : on the left bank of Tennessee river, opposite Florence, 1S5 m. N. W. Montgomery. SouTHFORD, p. 0., Ncw Haveu oo.. Conn. South Foi:k, p. o., Owsley co., A't/. : on a fork of Kentucky r., 77 HI. S. E. Frankfurt. South Fork, p. o., iVsho co., K Car. : 169 m. W. N. W. Raleigh. South Fork, p. o., Wayne county, la.: Ill miles S. W. Iowa City. South Foster, p.o., Providence co., i?./. .' 13 ra. W. by S. Providence. South Framingham, p. v. and sta., Middlesex co., Mast. : on the Boston and Worcester R. 11., 21 m. from Boston, and 24 m. from Worcesti-r. South Franklin, p.o., Delaware county, A'! Y: 76 m. W. S. W. Albany. South Franklin, p. o., Norfolk county, Mass. : 27 miles S. W. by S. Boston. The Norfolk County li. 11. passes near it. South Freedom, p. o., Waldo co.. Me. : 25 m. N. E. by E. Augusta. South Galway, p. o., Saratoga county, 2i m. W. N. W. All)any. South Gardiner, v. and sta., Kennebec co., 3ft'. : on W. bank of Kennebec r., and on Kennebec and Portland E R., 12 ra. from Augusta, and 48 m. from Portland. SoiTH Gardiner, p. o., Worcester county, Mass.: 51 m. W. N. W. Boston. South Gate, p. o., Franklin county, Ind. : GG m. E. S. E. Indianapolis. South Genesee, p. o., Waukesha county, Wise. : 47 m. E. by S. Madison. South Gibson, p. v., Gibson co., Tenn. : 117 m. W. by S. Nashville. South GLAeTENnuRV, p. v., Hartford co., Conn.: on E. side of Connecticut r., 9 m. S. Hartford, 30 m. N. N. E. New Haven. South Granby, p. o., Oswego county, A^ Y.: 144 miles W. N. W. Albany. South Granville, p. o., Washington co., A^ 5". ; 54 m. N. N. E. Albany. South Groton, p. o., Middk'sox county, Mass.: 30 m. N. W. by W. Boston. SoiTH Grove, p. o., De Kalb co., III.: IGl ra. N. N. E. Springfield. South Grove, p. o., Walworth co.. Wise: 57 m. S. E. Madison. South Hauley, t, and p. v., Hampshire co., Mass.: on SOT sou sou E. side of Connecticut r., 7y m. W. Boston. Surface beau- tifully diversifleii ; soil productive. The Conm-elicut r. lias here a fall of 50 feet in iibout SO rods, around which the first canal on the river was constructed, havinjj the followin;! dimensions: 2 ni. long, with 5 locks, and for a di3l;iiice of 300 feet cut thnnigh rock, 40 feet deep. Mount llolyoke is in the N. part of the town. The v. contains a church, etc., and the Mount llolyoke Female Seminary, a flourishing in- stitution of much celebrity. Pop. of t. 2.491. South Haoley Falls, p. v., Hampshire co., Mass,: on the E. bank of Connecticut r.. 3 m. S. from riouth Iladley v., 60 m. W. Boston. It contains several munu factories, and is a very prosperous village. South Uaufax, p. o., Windham co., Verm.: lOS ra. S. Montpelier. South Hampton, t. and p. o., Rockingham co., ^. Honip. : 37 m.S. E. Boston. Surface uneven. Watered by Powow r., which affords mill-siles. Pop. 472. Soutu Hanover, p. v., Jefferson co., IitrK : on the W. of the Ohio r., SO m. S. S. E. Indianapolis, The Hanover Col- lege is located in this place. The college eilifice is 100 feet by 40, and 3 stories high. There are also mprising 9S sq. m. At its S. E. extremity is the noted Point Judith, Kingston village, in its N. ]>art, is the capital of the omnty. The t. has an uneven surface; soil of gravelly loam, and contains a large salt p/i. : 57 m. S. Montpeher. SoiTTH Richland, p. o., Oswego county, N. Y. : 141 miles W. N. W. Albany. South Ridge, p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio: 157 m. N. E. Columbus. South river, Anne Arundel county, Jf'i.: a large inlet of Chesapeake bay. which it enters at Thomas' Point, on which there is a lighthouse. Lat. 3^0 54' 25", long. 76^ 27' 34". Fixed light. South river, X. On: : rises in Cumberland county, flows 9. S. E., and empties into Capo Fear river, 16 miles above Wilmington. South River, Middlesex co., X. Jer. South River, p. o., Anne Arundel co., Md.: on the river so called, S m. S. Annai'olis. South Rovalton, p. o. and sta., Worcester co., Ma/is. : on Miller's river, and the Vermont and Ma-^sacliusctls R. R., 27 m. from Fitcblntrg. 29 m. from Greenfield, and by Filch- biirg R. R.. etc., 77 in. from Boston. South Royai.ton", p. o., ^Jiagara county, X. Y.: 256 m. W. by N. Allumy. 809 sou sou SoCTn EuTALTox, p. o. anj sta., Windsor CO., Verm. : on Vermont Central K. E., 32 m. from Windsor, and 125 miles from Rouse's Point, 31 m. S. by E. Montpelier. SocTu EuTLAi-D, p. o., Jeflcrson co., JV. Y. : 188 m. N.W. Albany. South Etegate, p. o., Caledonia co., Verm. : on Wells r., £2 m. E. by S. Muntpelier. South Saint Geokge, p. o., Lincoln county, Me. : 40 m. S. E. Augusta. SocTH Salem, p. v., Westchester co., A^ T.: on a. smaU branch of Croton r., 9S m. S. Albany. Soimi Salem, p. o., Eoss co., Ohio: 42 m. 8. Columbus. SoL'TH Sandwich, p. o., Barnstable co., i/iiss..- 54 m S. E. Boston. South Feankfokd, p. o., York co.. Me.; S3 m. S. W. Augusta. South Sanoeetille, p. o., Piscataquis co.. Me. : 63 m. N. E. Augusta. South ScnoDACE, p. v., Rensselaer co., IT. Y. ; 15 m. S. by E. Albany. South Scituate, t. and p. o., Plymouth co., Mass. : on the N. side of North r., IS m. S. E. Boston. This town was taken from Scituate. Drainedby branch of North rirer. A flourishing agricultural place. Pop. 1,770. South Scituate, p. v.. Providence co., H. I. : on the E. side of Pawiuxet r., 11 m. W. by S. Providence. A manufac- tory of collon warp here makes from 15 to 16 tons annually. SouTii Sebec, p. o., Piscataquis CO., Me. : on N. side of Piscataquis r., 72 m. N. E. Augusta. South Seekonk, p. v., Bristol CO., Mm«.: on a stream flowing into Providence bay, 43 m. S. W. Boston. South Suaftsbuet, p. v., Bennington co., Vei-m.: on Western Yerinont E. E., 49 m. from Eutland, and 100 m. 6. S. W. Monlpelier. South Shenango, t. and p. o., Crawford co., Paui. : 200 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Sheliango cr. Surface un- dulating. It contains several workshops, mills, etc. South Shrewsbuet, p. v., Worcester co.. Muss.: 34 m W. by S. Boston. South Sipe, p. o., Eichmond co., Jf. Y.: 144 m. S. Albany. South Sonus, p. v., Wayne co., A'. Y. : 109 m. W. by N. Albany. South Solon, p. v., Somerset co.. Me. : 43 m. N. Augusta. It is surroun*s.: 30 ro. S. by W. Boston. There is a manufactory here, employmg 41 persons, and manufacturing SO,OiJO yards of woolen car- pets per annum. South YAUMOUTn. p. v.. Barnstable co., Mam. : on W. side of Bass r., near the Atlantic co.-ist. 07 m. S. E. Boston. II contains three ehurehes, and has extensive salt works. SowADABScooK fiver, Me. : rises by 3 branches in the towns of Stetson, Etna, and Carmel, the br.ineh iu Etna having its source in a pnnd : flows easlwardly in a circuitous course, and empties into the Penobscot r. at llampilon, 5 m. below Bangor. In its course it passes throus;li 2 poiuls in the towns r>f Hflrman and Hampden. The country through which this r. flows is varied, havinsr some good farming tracts, and a conslderaljle portion is well wooded. It has sev- eral falls, and there is a number of valuable mills ou its banks. SoxvTi.i.E. p. v., Monroe co., Penn.: at the junction of Tunkhanna cr. wiih Ihe Lehigh r.. S3 m. N. E. Harrisluirg. SpAFroKD, t. and p. v., Onondaga county, X. I'. ; Vi\ m. W. by N. Albany. It has (Hisco lake and its inlet on the E. and Skaneateles lake on the W. Surface hilly, and in parts broken ; soil various. The t. contains several mills and a tannery. Pop. of t. 1,903. Sp.u^ford Hollow^, p. o., Onondaga co., N. Y. : 135 m. W. by N. Albany. Spafford's lake, Cheshire co.. y. /{'?. : 75 miles S. E. Indianapolis. Sparta, p. o., Bienville par.. La.: 103 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Sparta, p. o., Hillsdale eo., Mic?i. : 5S m. S. Lansing. Sparta, p. v., and cap, Buchanan co.. Mo. : on the bead waters of Bee cr. of Platte r.. 157 m. N. W. Jeffrrson City, and contains a court-house, j:iil, and other pul)Iic buildings. The "Gazette" (dem.) and the "Adventurer" (whig) are both weekly issues. Sparta, p. v., Sussex co., 2^. Jet'. : on the Wallkill r., near its source. 56 m. N. by E. Trenton. It contains several mills and forges. Iron and zinc ores are found in the neigh- borhood. Sparta, t. and p. v., Livingston co., JIT Y. : 90? m. W. Albany. Drained by a small stream flowing N. into Hem- lock lake. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. The v. b in the N. part. The t. contains some light manufactures. Pop. of t. 1.3T2. Sparta, p. o,, Edgecomb co., A\ Ca7\ : on W. s.ide of Tar r., 65 m. E. Raleigh. Sparta, p. v., Morrow county, Ohio : .35 m. N. by E. Columbus. Sparta, p. v., Washinston co.. Penv.: on a tributary of the Monongahela r., 179 m. W. Harrisburg. Sparta, p. v., and cap. White ca. Tmn. : on Calf Killer cr., 75 m. E. S. E. Nashville ; and contains Ihe court-house, jail, other county buililings, a bank, etc. The " S. Times'* is a weekly (whig) issue. Sparta, p. c, Caroline county, nrrj. : 35 m. N. by E. Richmond. Sparta Centre, p. o., Kent co., Mich.: 60 m. W. N. W. Lansing. Spartanburg district, S. Car. Situate N. toward the W., and contains 1,030 .sq. in. Drained by Forest cr., Ennoreo, Tiger, and Pacolet rivers. Surface hilly ; soil fertile ; along the streams are some tracts of land proving very productive. Staples are cotton and Indian corn. Farms l.-V'iS; manuf. 34; dwell. 8,1n>, and pop.— wh. 15,312, fr. col. 49, si. 8,0-59— 8U SPA SPR total 26,400. OtpiUil : Spartanburg. Public Works : Union Bnd Spartanburg K, B. Spartanburo, p. v., Randolph co., Ind. : 72 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. SpARTANKOitG, p. v., and cap. Spartanburg dist, S. Oar.: at the terminus of the Union and 8piirlanburg R. R., SO ra. N. W. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, and other public buildings. The Woflftird O^IIege, a new institution, is located here. The " Spartan" is a weekly (dem.) iss^ue. Spartan SB CEG, p. o., Crawford co., Pejuu : 101 m. N. W. Harrisburg. SpARTAPOLis, p. c, Rockingham co., Tirg. : 101 m. N.W. Richmond. Speabs' Store, p. o., Union parish, La. : 109 m. N. W. Baton Rouge. Spears' Turnout, sta., Jefferson co., Oa. : on tlie Central (Georgia) R. R., 112 m. N. W. Savannah, and 49 m. K. by S. Milledgevilte. Speckled mountain, Oxford co.. Me: lies on the N. H. line, partly in the I. of Riley. Elevation 4,0U0 feet. -Speedsville, p. v., Tompkins co., y. Y.: on a tributary of the Susquehanna r., 134 m. S. W. by W. Albany. It contains several manufactories and a brick-yard. Speedwell, p. v., Barnwell dist., A Car.: on the E. side of Steel cr., N. of Savannah r., 6T m. S. by W. Columbia. Speedwell, p. o., Claiborne co., Tenn. : 159 m. E. by N. Nashville. Deposits of iron ore are found in the vicinity. Speedwell, p. o., Wytho co., Virg.: on Cripple cr., and on the S. W. boundary of the county, 211 m. AV. S. W. Richmond. Speek'6 La>'di>-g, p. 0., Shelby co., Ohio : 65 m.W. N.W. Columbus. Speersville, p. c, Fulton count}', Fenn. : SO miles S, 'W. Harrisburg. Speight's Bridge, p. v., Greene co., J^. Car. : on Mock- osin cr., 51 m. E. by S. Raleigh. Speif.'s TfRNouT, p. v., Jeffer^on county, Gti.: on the N. side of ■Williamson's Swamp cr, and on the Central Georgia R. R., 112 m. N. W. Savannah, and 49 m. E. by S. from Milledgeville. Spescee county, Ind. Situate S. toward the W., and contains 40S sq. m. Drained by Anderson's, Little Pigeon, Big Sandy, and Little Sandy creeks. Surface generally hilly, with exceptions of some level or undulating lands; soil a black loam, ami resting on a yellow clay mixed more or less with sand. The bottoms are extensive and thickly timbered. Coal is abuntlant. Farms 9SS; raanuf. 2S; dwell. 1,485, and pop.— wh. 8,615, fr. col. 1— total S,G16. Capital: Rockport. Spencer county, K{/. Situate N. toward tha W., and contains 125 sq. m. Drained by E. fork^)f Salt r. and its branches. Surface level : soil fertile, and in parts very pro- ductive. Chief articles for the markets, wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. FarmsSTS ; mnnuf. IS ; dwell. SIO, and pop.— wb. 4.659, fr. col. 32, si. 2,151— total 6,S42. Capital: Tay- lorsville. Spencer, p. r., and cap. Owen co., Ijtd. : on the right bank of W. fork "White r. It contains a court-house, jail, and other public buildings, warehouses, mechanic shops, an oil mill, ropcwaik, copper and tin factory, and about 300 in- habitants. The country around is very fertile, and il« situa- tion is favorable to a rapid increase in size and importance. Spencer, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester en., Mass. : 43 m. W. by S. Boston. Surface uneven, rough, and elevated 950 foot above tide-water in Boston harbor; soil fertile ; watered by branches of Chicopee r. The Western R. R. passes through its S. W. part, 62 m. from Boston, 13S m. from Al- bany. The town contains several grist and saw mills, and 3 churches, of which 2 are in the v., near its centre. Pop. of L in 1S40, 1,604; in 1S50, 2,'i43. Spencer, p. o., Davidson co., N. Car. : 90 m. W. Raleigh. Spencer, I. and p. v., Tioga co., X. Y. : 146 m. W. S. W. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil gravelly loam. Drained by 812 Cattotong creek and its branches. The v. contains several mills, a tanner)', 2 churches, etc. Pop. of t. 1,7S2. Spencer, t. and p. o., Medina co., Ohio: 87 m. N. N. E. Columbus. Drained by the E. branch of Black r. Surface moderately uneven, with fertile soil. Centreville v. is on the S. side of the r. Pop. of 1. 1,836. Spencer, p. v., and cap. Van Buren co., Tenn. : on N. side of Laurel cr., 73 m. S. E. Nashville. It contains the court-house, jail, etc. Spencerport, p. V. and sta., Monroe co., N. Y. : on the Rochester. Lockport, and Niagara Falls R. R.. 10 m. W. from Rochester, and on the Eric Canal ; 213 m. W. by N. Albany. Pop. about 400. Spescersbitrg, p. v.. Pike co., Mo. : on the E. of a branch of Spencer cr., 68 m. N. N. E. Jefferson City. Spencertown, p. v., Columbia co., N. Y. : 27 m. S. S. E. Albany. Pop. about 250. Spkncervillk, p. v., De Kalb county, Ind.: on the right bank of the St. Joseph's river of the Maumee, 121 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Spencerville, p. o., Marengo county, Ala.: 100 m. W. Montgomery. Speonk, p. o., Suffolk CO., JV. Y. : 140 ra. 8. S. E. Albany. Sperryvtlle, p. v., Rappahannock county, Virg. : 87 m. N. N. W. Richmond. The Alleghany range is on the W. of the village. Spesutib island, Harford co., Md.: an island of consid- eraI)lo extent in the Chesapeake bay, about 6 m. S. of the confluence of Susquehanna r., and about a mile distant from the E. coast of the county. Spiceland. p. v., Henry co., Ind. : on a creek of Blue r. 8" m. E. by N. Indianapolis. SpiNNEiiSTowN, p. v., Bucks county, Penn.: 83 m. E Harrisburg. Splung, p. v., Monroe county, 3ns8.: on a branch of Buttahatchee cr., 163 ra. N. E. Jackson. Spottedville, p. o., Stafford co., Virg.: CI m. N. by W. Richmond. Spottswood. p. V. and sta.. Middlesex c<'unty, ^V, Jer.: on Camden and Amlmy R. R., f)2 m. from Philadelphia, 38 m. from New York, 22 m. N. E. Trentou. It contains 2 churches, etc. Spottsvlvania county, Vtrff. Situate toward the N. E., and contains 403 sq. m. Drained by head branches of North Anna and Mattapony rivers. Surface generally un- even; soil fertile, well adapted to grazing. Chief products, wheat. Indian corn, tobacco, etc. The city of Fredericks- burg is in this co. Farms 429; manuf. 15; dwell. 1.416. and pop.— wh. 0,903, fr. col. 527, si. 7.481— total 14,911. Capital: Spottsylvania C. H. Public Works: Richmond, Frederick, and Potomac R. K. Spottsylvania C. H., p. v., and cap. Spottsylvania county, Vir(/. : on the Po river, tributary of Mattapony river, 44 m. N. by W. Richmond. It contains the court- house, etc. Sprout Spring, p. o,, Appomattox county, Virff. : 72 m. W. by S. Richmond. Spragce's Falls, p. o., Washington county, Me. : 131 m. E. N. E. Augusta. SpRAGtrE^^LLE, p. v., Jackson co., /'/. ; on the E. bank of Makoqueta r., 60 m. E. N. E. Iowa City. Spraker's Basin, p. v. and sta., Montgomery co., JVi Y.: on the Erie Canal, Mohawk r., and Utica and Schenectady R. R., 43 m. from Utica, 85 m.from Schenectady, and 53 m. by R. R. from Albany. Spread Eagle, p. v., Delaware co., Penn. : 81 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Spread Oae, p. o., Jefferson county, Ga. .■ 54 m. E. Mille.Igeville. Spring, t. and p. v., Crawford co., Penn. : 205 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Drained by the cr. so called. Surface undu- lating and well wooded; soil of average fertility. It lias good water-power, and manufactures flour, leather, lumber, SPR SPR etc. The V. is on ihc Beaver and Erie Canal, 100 m. N. Beaver, near the Ohio line. Pop. of I. about 2,000. Spring, p. o., Henry coun^, Ga.: 61 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. 8pitrsQ Arboe, t. and p. v., Jackson county. Jftc?!. : 35 m. S. Lansing. Drained by the Kalaniiizoo, and branch of Grand r. The v. is located on the site of an ancient Indian village, and in the midst of burr oak plains. Pop. of t. in l^io, "To; in 1^50, 1,075. Sprint, Bay, p. v., "Woodford co., ///. ; on the E. bank of Peoria lake of Illinois r., 69 ra. N. by E. Sprliigflchi. It is located in a swampy and not very fertile district. SpKiNaBOROUun, p. v., TiVarren co., Ohio: on tlie N. side of Spring creek of Miami r., 4 m. E. of the Miami Canal, and 70 m. S. W. Columbus. It contains several churehee— among which are two Friends' — with manufactories, stores, etc. The v. derives its name from a spring situate here* which moves several mills. Springborouqh, p. 0., White co., Tnd. : SD m. N. K. "W. Indianapolis. Spring Brook, p. o., Erie county, K. T. : 203 m. "W. Albany. Spring Brook, p. v., Jackson county, la. : 6o m. N. E. Iowa City. Spring Cottage, p. o., Marion county, Jfiss. : on E. side of Pearl r., 94 m. S. by E. Jackson. Spring Creek, p. v., M'Donough co., lU. : on a stream so called, 77 m. W. N. W. SpringfleUI. Spring Creek, t and p. o.. "Wiirren co., Perm.: 175 m. N. "\V. Harrisbiirg. Drained by Broken Straw cr. Surface much broken and rocky ; sod very inferior. There are deposits of iron in ttie vicinity. Spring Creek, p. o., Brunswick county, iV' Car. : 113 m. S. by E. Raleigh. Spring Creek, p. o., Cass county, Iiul.: G9 m. N. Indianapolis. Spring Creek, p. v., Madison co., Te?w. : near a fork of Deer r., 109 m. W. S. W. Nashville. Spring Creek, p. o., Eandulph co., Arl: : 121 m. N. N. E. Little Pock. Spring Creek, p. v., Greenbrier county, Tirg.: in a mountainous region, on Thunder Gap. cr., 109 m. W. by N. Richmond. Spring Creek, p. o., Berrien co., Mich. : 112 m.^W. S.'U'. Lansing. Spring Dale, p. v., Hamillon co., Ohio: near the Cin- cinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton P. P., 91 ni. S.W. Columbus. Spring Dale, p. v.. La Payette county. Miss. : 134 m. N. by E. Jackson. Spring Dale. p. o., Scott co„ Ki/. : 15 m. X. E. Frankfort. Spring Dale, p. o., Dane co., Wise. Spring FIELD, p. o., Greene co., Ala. : 3 m, "W. from Black "Warrior r., 100 m. W. N. "W, Montgomery. Springfield, p. v., and cap. Effingham co., Ga. : on a branch of Ebenezer cr., 13 m. "W. of the Savannah r., and 126 m. E. S. E. MUledgeville. It contiiius a court-house, jail, etc. SpRiNGFiF-LP, p. v., and cap. Sangamon co., HL, and cap- ital of the Stale of Illinois : 4 in. S. from Sangamon r.,174nL S. "W. by S. Chicago. 84 m. N. N. E, St. Louis, ISC m. W. Indianapolis. Lat. 39° 4S' N., long. 89^ 33' w. I13 gite is a level plain, on the borders of a broad and beautiful prairie, which is adorned with fine groves and some of the best farms in the State. It was laid out in Feb., 1S22, according to a regular plan, with a public square in the centre, and wide streets crossing at right angles. The older portion of the v. was purchased at the land sales in Nov., 1S23, at which time it contained about 30 families, living in small log cabins. For several years its increase in populatinii. etc., was slow. In 1S87 the legislature selected it as the State capital after July 4th, 1S39, since wliich period it has been steadily increasing in business, weallh, and importance. : The surrounding counties are very fertile, and their pro- I ducts are brought here to market. The railroads now pass- ing through Springfield are — Great Western Central li. P., extending centrally across the State, from the E. to the W. boundary, of which the portion completed, viz., from Spring- field to Naples, 55 m., was formerly styled the Sangamon and Morgan P. K. ; and Chicago and Mississippi P. P., of which 13*2 m. (from Alton to Bloomington) will be com- pleted in July, 1S53, and the entire road will be completed to Chicago, 257 m., in the spring of 1S54. The Massac and Sangamon It. E., from Springfield to Metropolis, on the Ohio r., pas-sing through Vandulia, Salem, Frankfort, etc., is in construction. The capitol occupies the centre of the principal square, which has an area of 3 acrt-s. It is con- structed of hewn stone, 3 stories high, with handsome por- ticoes, and cost about $lsO,000. The v. also oDtains a court- house, U. S. land office, market-house, jail, 3 banks, several academies and other schools, with S churches, some of which are handsome ediflees. The v. has some manufac- tures, an iron foundry, etc. The newspapers published in ISoO were — "Illinois Journal" (whig), is-^ued daily, tri- weekly, and weekly ; '■ Illinois Stale Pegislt-r" (dem.), daily and weekly ; and '• Illinois Organ" (temp.), weekly. Pop. in 1S40, 2,579; in lS50, 4.5*J. Springfield, p. v., Fr;inklin co., InO.: near the source of Ped Cedar Grove cr., 00 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. Springfield, p. v., Keukuk county, la.: on a branch of Skunk r., 47 ra. 3. W. Iowa City. Springfield, p. o., Pichraond co., N. Car'.: 71 m. S. "W. Paleigh. Springfield, p. v., and cap. TTashingfon co., Ky. : 39 m. S. by W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail. etc. In the vicinity are several Catholic institutions— Dominican Convent of St. Pose, established 1S06, with 6 priests and 23 religious; Si. Catharine's Female Convent, founded 1S22, having 26 members ; and a female academy with more than lUO pupils. Springfield, p. v., and cap. Livingston par.. La. : on Notalbaney cr., a branch of Tickfaw r., 39 m. E. Baton Rouge. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. Springfield, t. and p. o., Penobscot co., M-.: IIG ra. N. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by branches of Mattawam- keag r., which afford «ater-powcr. Pop, 5S3. Springfield, t., p. city, and cap. Hampden co,, Mass. : on E. side of Connecticut r., 81 m. \V. by S. Boston; by rail- road 93 m. from Boston, 102 m. from Albany, 13S m. from New York. Lat. (Court-house) 42=' G(J'04" N.. long. 73° 35' 45" W. Its site along the ^i^ er is a rich alluvial plain, back of which the ground rises gradually to a consirlerable ele- vation, called Armory llill, terminating in a plain which exl(*nds E. for several miles. Its general appearance is very beautiful, and it is surrounded by delightful scenery. The houses are grncraHy well built, and many are elegant. The streets are generally paved, and the city is lighted with gas. The business part of the city is chiefly on and adjoin- ing Main Street, which runs parallel with the river at some distance from it, is between 2 and 3 m. long, quite broad, and generally intersected at right angles by cross streets, and contains many handsome buildings, with llie principal h'trls and railroad station-house. From tlie position of SpringfieUi, and ils great railroad connections, it has be- come one of the greatest inland thoroughfares of travel in the Union. Four railroads here connect at the centra! de- pot from the four cardinal points, viz. : Western P. P., from Worcester 54 m. and from Albany 102 m. ; New Haven, Hartford, and Springllehi P. P., 20 m. from Hartford and G2 m. from New Haven ; Connecticut Piver P. P., 17 m. from Northampton and 50 m. from South Vernon. The great number of trains arriving and departing daily render the vicinity of this dep6t strikingly interesting to the passing traveler. The hotels of ibe city Ci*tablished to accommodatP the traveling public are numerous, of which several arc of gnat repute. The city contains a court-house, jail, and 12 cliurches, some of which are handsome edifices. These are 813 SPR -t Congregational, 1 Baplist, 1 Episcopal, 2 Melhodist, 1 (Jnilarian, 1 Catholic, 1 Univci^alisl, 1 African. The prin- cipal cemetery is beautifully laid out and adorned. There are 5 b.inks, with an aggregate capital of $1,150,000, and 2 institutions for savings. The manufactures of the city are of considerable importance. There is a large mannfactory of cars, locomotives, railroad machinery, steam-engines etc ■ also several factories of sheetings, satinets, etc. -also 1 pis.' tol factory. The "Springfield Eepublican" (whig) and Hampden Post- (dem.), publish each daily and weekly editions. •' The U. S. Armory located here is situated on Armorj- n,ll, about one-half mile E. of Main Street. The buildings are of bnck, handsomely arranged around a square, prt sentmg a fine appearance. From 12,000 to 16,000 muskets are manufactured annually. The arsenal, a very large brick budding 4 stories high, contains about 176,000 musket Speiugfieli), v., Sutter co., Call/.: on the left bank of Sacramento r., at the mouth of Feather r., opposite Fre- mont, and 66 m. N. E. Tallejo. Spp.rsGFiELD Centre, p. 0., Otsego county, if K ■ 60 m W. by N. Albany. SPEISGFIE1.D Ceoss Eo-ins, p, o., Erie co., Penn. .• 213 m N. W. Harrisburg. The Cleveland and Erie E. E. p.asses through Springfleld t. and sta , 75 m. from Cleveland, 20 m. from Erie. Spp.rs-GPiELD FtTRSACE, p. 0., Blair connty, Pain,: 80 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. It contains afurnace with an annual capacity of 1,820 tons. Speixgfield M1L1.S, p. o.. Noble county, Tml. : on the N side of Elkhart r,, 121 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. ? Speikg Foege. p. o., York county, Penn. : 25 m. 9. Harrisburg. It contains a forge which, in 1S50, produced 223 tons bars. Speixg Foee, p. o., Pettis eo., Mo. : on a stream so called 60 m. W. Jefferson City. ' Speisq Gaeden, P.O., Cherokee county, Ala.: 13S m. N. N. E. Montgomery. Sprixs GAEDE.V, p. o., Jcfl-crsoo CO., IU. : 118 m. S S K Springfleld. SpRr.s-o Gaeoen, p. district, Philadelphia CO., Penn ■ an integral part of the city of Philadelphia, though incorporated under separate cliarter, and governed bv a' board of com- missioners. See PuiLADEipiiiA, for statistics of its popula- tion, manufactures, water-works, etc. Speixg Gaedex, p. v., Pittsylvania co., Virg. ; on N. side of Birch cr., 116 m. S.W. by Vf. Eichmond. Speln-g Geove, p. o., Warren county, IU. : 105 m N W Springfleld. Spuing Gaora. station, Hamilton county, 0/iio : on the Cincinnati, Ilamillon, and Dayton E. E., 7 m. N. CincinnaU, and 101 m. W. S. W. Columbus. SpKiNO Grove, I and p. v., Greene co., Wise. : 37 m. S SPR SPR Madison. Drained by a branch of Rock r. Surface level ; soilricb, with some prairie and good pasturage. The v. is in S. part. Pop. of t. 703. SpRiNa Geove, p. o., Eowau co., iV' Car. ; 97 m. W. Ealeigb. Spring Grove, p. o., Linn co., la. : 27 m. N. Iowa Cily. Spkinq Gkove, p. v., Laureua district, /S. Car. : N. of Saluda r.. 55 m. W. by N. Columbia. Spring IIill, p. c, Marengo county, Ala.: 91 m.W. Montgomery. Spring IIill, v., Mobile co., Ala. : situated a lillle S. "W". of the city of Mobile, ia a favorite summer resort of its cit- izena. Here is located Spring Hill College (Catholic), founded in 1S30, which in 1S50 had 12 professors and 70 students, with 4,000 volumes in its library. There is also an ecclesiastical seminary. Spring Hill, p. v., Hempstead co., Ai-k.: on a fork of Bois d'Arc, lOS ra. S. W. Little Kock. Spring Hill, p. v., Decatur county, Ind.: on a branch of Clifly cr., 45 m. S. E. Indianapolis. Spring Hill, p. v., Whitesides co., JIL : on the S. bound- ary line of the co., 125 ra. N. Springfleld. Spring Hill, p. o., Livingston co.. Mo. : 109 m. N. "W. Jefferson City. Spring Hill, p. o., Tippah co., Miss.: ISl m. K N. E. Jackson. Spring Hill, p. v., Maury county, Tenn. : 27 miles S. Nashville. The New Orleans and Nashville E. E. will pass through it. Spring Hill, p. o., Navarro co., TkP. ; 153 m. N. E. by N. Austin City. Spring Hill Furnace, p. o., Fayette co., Penn, : 15S m. "W". S. "W". Harrisburg. A steam and water-power furnace in the vicinity lias an annual capacity of 1,100 tons. Spring Hili^, p. o., Champaigne county, Ohio: 42 miles "W. by N. Columbus. Spring House, p. o., Montgomery co., Penn. : on a trib- utary of the Schuylkill r., SG m. E. Harrisburg. Spring House, p. o., Grainger county, Tenn.: 179 m. E. Nashville. Spring Lake, p. c, "Williams co., Ohio: 133 m. N. "W. Columbus. Spring Lake, t, Ottawa co., Mich.: on Lake Michigan, 86 m. "W. by N. Lansing. It contains 5 steam saw mills, producing to the value of $lii0,900 annually. Pop. 545. Spring Mill, sta., Eichland co., Ohio : on the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. R., 51 m. from Sandusky, 65 m. from Newark. SpRtN-G Mills, p. c, Lawrence co., Tnd.: 71 m. S. by "W. Indianapolis, Spring Mills, p. o., Allegany co., iV! Y. : 224 m. W. by S. Albany. Spring Milis, p. v., Centre county, Penn. : on a fork of Penn's cr., near Brush mt, 54 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. Spring Mills, eta., Montgomery co., Penn.: on the left bank of the Schuylkill river, and on the Philaiielphia, Ger- mantown, and Norristown K. E., 12 m. N. W. Philadelphia, and S2 E. by S. Harrisburg. Spring Place, p. v., and cap. Murray co., Ga. : about S m. E. of Cnnnesauga cr.. and 162 m. N. W. Milledgeville. It was at one time a missionary station among the Cher- okees, and now contains the county court-house, jail, and other public offices, etc. Spring Place, p. v., Marshall county, Tenn. : 141 miles S. Nashville. SpRiNQPORT, t and p. o., Jackson county, Mich. : 25 m. S. Lansing. Drained by a branch of Grand r. Surface undu- lating ; soil, rich sandy loam, with good timber lauds. Pop. inlS40, 294; in 1850,759. Springport, p. T., Panola county, Miss.: 137 mUes N. Jackson. Spring Prairie, t. and p. c, "Walworth co., Wise. : 59 m. 8. E. Madison. Drained by Honey creek aud branches. The v. ia ou the Milwaubic and Elkhorn plank road. Pop, of 1. 1,344. Spring RincE, p. o., Hinds co., Miss. : "W. Jackson. Spring River, p. v., Lawrence co., Mo.: on a branch of the stream so called, 134 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Spfjng Eock. p. v., Clinton county, 7(7. ; on Potain creek, and on the line of the proposed ro ite of the Damauche and Iowa City E. E., 35 m. K. by N. Iowa Cily. Spring Eook, p. v., York dist., S. Cir.: on E. side of Fishing cr., 55 m. N. Columbia. The Charlotte and South Carolina E. E. passes near the village. Spring Eun, p. o., Franklin county, Penn.: 53 m. S. "W. Harrisburg. Springs, p. o., Suffolk co., K Y. : 145 m. S. E. Albany. Speingtown, p. v., Hendricks co., Ind. : on Mill or., 25 m. W. by S. Indianapolis. The Terre Haute and Eichmond E. R. passes S. of this place. SpRiNGTOwN, V. and sta., "Warren co., JV! Jer. : on the New Jersey Central E. E., 68 m. Vf. from New York city, aud 115 m. N. W.Trenton. Springtown, p. v., Bucks county, Penn. : 84 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Springtown, p. o., Polk co., Toim. ; near Focco r., 41 m. S. E. Nashville. Springtown, p. o., Oxford co.. Me. : 49 m. "W. Augusta. Spr.iNGVALE, p. v., York co.. Me. : on a fork of Mousam r., 82 m. S. W. Augusta. Springvale, p. o., Jefferson county, Temi. : 137 m. E. Nashville. Springvale, p. o., Sampson co., A'; Car. : 49 m. S. S. E. Ealeigh. Springvale, P.O., Fairfax CO., Tlrff.: 90 m.N. Eichmond. Springvale, t. and p. o.. Fond du Lac, Wise: 61 m. N. N. E. Madison. Drained by several smalt streams. Soil excellent, and limber abundant. Pop. 5SS. Spring Vallev. p. v. and sta., Greene co., Ohio : on the E. side of Little Miami r., and on the Little Miami Branch of Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati E. R., 5Sm. N. E. Cincinnati, and 62 m. S. W. Columbus. Spring Valley, p. o. and sta., Eockland oo.. A' Y. : on the New York and Erie E. R., 11^ m. "W. Piermont, and 105 m. S. by W. from Albany. Spring Vallev, p. o., Bergen co., A'l Jer. : 62 m. N. E- Trenton. Spring Vallt;t, p. v., Marion co., Ind. : on the "W. side of the West fork of White r., 9 m. S, Indianapolis. Spring Valley, t. and p. o., Eock co., Wise. : 31 m. S. Madison. Drained by a branch of Sugar r.. furnishing good water-power. It is a good agricultural town, embracing som'e of the best prairie land iu the State. Pop. 766. Springtille, p. v., St. Clair county, Ala. : 99 m. N. Montgomery. Springville. p. v. Coles CO., 7?^. .* 6m.E. Chicago Branch of Illinois Cenlral E. E., and 75 ni. E. S. E, Sprioiifield. Springville, p. v., Crawford co., Wise. : on a branch of Coosa r., 99 m. N. Monlg(»niery. Springville, p. v., Lawrence co., Ind.: 61 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. There is a small spring in this place, from which it derives its name. This pleasant village was first settled in 1S16, and it now contains about 250 inliabitanta. Springville, p o., Liim co., Ja. : 21 m. N. Iowa City. Springville, p. v., Greenup co., Ay. ; on the Ohio r., at the mouth of Tygert cr., and opposite to Portsmouth, 111 m. above Newport, 114 m. E. by N. Frankfort. It contains a foundry, several manutaetories, etc. Beds of iron ore of superior quality abouuil in the vicinity. Springville, p. v., Lenawee co., Mich,: 55 m. S. S. E. Lansing. Speingvllle, p. v., Erie co.. A". Y. : on Spring cr., 260 m, W. by S. Albany. Water-power is derived from a spring which rises in the neighborhood. Tliere are in the v. an academy, several manufactories, a tannery, and furnace. The*'S. Herald" (whig) is published weekly. 815 SPR STA Sprinqvtixe, t. and p. v., Susquehanna county, Penn,: 108 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Drainei,! by a number of small Btrcams. tributaries o[ the Susquehanna r. Surface hilly; soil fcrlilo. It contains an academy and several manufac- tories. The V. is centrally situate. SmiNOViLLK, p. v., Utah co., UUih Ter.: 90 ra. N. N. E. rillmore City. It contains a prist mill, a saw mill, aiul a Bchnol, in which the German and French languages are taught. More than 130 fainiles are located here. SpRtNGWATER. t. and p. v., Livingston co., K. Y. : 200 m. W. Albany. Drained by Iho inlet of Hemlock lake on the N., and tlie head-waters of ConhoctQU r. in the E. Surface uneven, and in parts broken; soil adapted to grazing. It contains several maimfactories and tanneries. The v. is located on the Buffalo, Corning, and New York K. K., 53 m. N. W. Corning. Pop. of t. 2,070. Sprout Bp.ook, p. o., Montgomery co., JV; Y.: 40 m. N. W. Albany. Sprout Creek, p. o., Duchess co., if. Y. : on a stream so called, 74 m. S. Albany. Spritce. p. v., Vernon co., Mo. : on the S. aide of Deep Water cr., 105 m. W. by S. Jefferson City. Spruce Creek, p. o. and sta., Huntingdon county, Penn. : on the Eastern Division of the Pennsjlvania Railroad, 111 m. W. Harrisburg. There is in the vicinity a furnace, with an annua! capacity of 1,400 tons, and a bloomery forge, the products of whicli, in 1S50, was 305 tons. Spruce Geove, p. o., Monroe co., Perm.: 95 ra. N. E. Harrisburg. Spruce Hill, p. o., Juniata county, Perm. : 85 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Spruce Hill, p. o., Highland co., Virg. : 131 m. N. W. Eiohmond. Spruce hill, Plj-mouth county, Mass. : an elevation in the township of liridgewater; height, 2,53S feet. Spur Track, sta., Cheshire county, iV. ITamp. : on the Cheshire Pv. E., 43 m. N. W. Fitchburg (Mass.), and 40 S.AV. Concord. Sputten Tutttl, sta., "Westchester county. K. Y. : on a stream so called, and on the Hudson River K. R., 12 ra. N. from New York Cily Hall, and 13S S. Albany. Sqitam lake, N. Bamp. This large sheet of water lies on the bordiTS of Holderness, Sandwich, Moultonboro', and Centre Harbor. It is 6 m. in length, .and its greatest width ia 6 m., and covers a surface of between G,00n and 7,000 acres, contains numerous islands, and is well slocked with Osh. It is 36 m. N. from Concord, and but a short distance from the celebrated " Centre House," at Centre Harbor. Squam Village, p. v., Monmouth co., -V. Ji'r. : on the S. side of Wreck Pond inlet, 3^ m. E. by S. Trenton. SiiUANKi'M, p. v., Monmouth co., N. Jer.: on 8. side of Manasquan r., 32 m. E. by S. Trenton. It is surmuufied by a pine forest, and contains a Friends' church and several mills. ' SQFANTim Road, sta., Norfolk county, Ma%s. : on the Old Colony R. R., 6 m. S. Boston. Square Pond, p. v., Tolland co.. Conn. : on the W. of a body of water so called, 21 m. N. E. Concord. The pond is situated on the S. line of Stafford township, with an outlet flowing N. into Williraantic river. Squatterville, v., Contra Costa co., Calif. : 25 m. S. by E. Vallejo. Sulphur springs in the vicinity. Squawbettt, p. o., Bristol county, Mass. : 50 m. S. by W. Boston. Staatsburo. p. V. and sta., Duchess co., N.Y. : near the Hndson r., on the Hudson River E. E., 65 m. N. New York city, and 60 S. from Albany. Stafford county, Jlrg. Situate N. E., and contains 297 sq. m. Drained by Aquia and Potomac creeks, small trib- utaries of Potomac r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapt- ed to grain, etc. Chief products, Indian corn and cotton, t(V bacco, etc. Farms 360, manuf. 14, dwell. 922, and pop.— •wh. 4,415. fr. col. 31S, si. 3,311— total 8,044. Capital : Fal- 810 mouth. Public Win'ks: Eichmond, Frederick, and Polo- mac R. R. Stafford, t., p. v., and sta., Tolland co., Conn. : 25 m. N. K. Hartford. Furnace r. and Willimantic uniting in this t, and Roaring Branch, afford good water-power. Surface rough, and in parts mountainous, with a very inferior soil. The U contains several minerals, but bog-irtm ore is its principal, and is extensively manufactured. There are sev- eral furnaces, forges, tanneries, etc. The manufactures con- sist of pistols, carpenters' tools, tailors' shear*, and other articles of cutlery, cotton and woolen, machinery, cabinet- ware, and wrought iron. In 1779 a blast furnace was erect- ed here, and cannon-shot, hollow-ware, etc., were cast. There are also manufactories of woolen goods, employing S7 hands, and manufacturing 269.000 yards satinet anil sat- inet warps annually; capital $76,000. The v. is situated on an elevated plain, with a large square in the centre, and contains several churches. The sta. is on the New London, Willimantic, and Palmer R. K., 50 m. N. W. by N. New London. There are two celebrated springs in the S. part of the town. {Se& Stafffokd Springs.) Population of t. 2.941. Stafford, t. and p. v., Genesee county, 2^. Y. : 22S m. W. by N. Albany, Dr.auied by Allen and Black creeks. Surface even ; soil fertile. The water-power is good, and there are several manufactories of woolen gooils, leather, etc. The v. is on the line of the Canandaigua and Niagara Falls R. R., and contains several churches. The Buffalo and Rochester E. R. passes through the N. part of the town. Pop. oft. 1,973. Stafford, p. o., Monroe county, Ohio: 107 m. E. by S, Columbus. Stafford C. H., p. v., and cap. Stafford co., Tlrg. : on the S. W. side of Acquia cr. of Potomac r., 75 m. N. Rich- mond. It contains, besides the court-house, a jail and other county buildings. Stafford Springs, p. v., Tolland co., Conn. : 27 m. N. E. Hartford. There are two springs hereof different qualities, the existence of which was first made known to the early inhabitants by the Indians, and recommended as eye-water, but gave as their reason for drinking it, that it *' enlivened their spirits." One of these spring, and which has been longest kno^vn, on a branch of the Willimantic r., contains a solution of iron, sustained by carbonic acid gas ; a portion of marine salt; some earthy substances, and an element called natron or native alkali. This spring has been pro- nounced by chemists to be one of the most efBcacious of the chalybeate springs in the United States. The other spring, a little W. of the other, as analyzed by Professor Siili- man, contains hydrogen gas and sulphur in large propor- tions, and a small proportion of iron. There is a commo- dious hotel licre, and it is much resorted to by invalids and others, the former deriving beneficial results from the use of these waters. The situation Is one of many attractions. Tho New London, Willimantic, and Palmer R. R. passing near, and connecting at the latter place with the Western R. R., gives easy access from Boston, New York, and other places through New England. There are 2 manufactories here f-ir the manufactiu-e of woolen goods, employing 67 operatives ; cap. $64,000. Stafford VTLLE, p. o., Tolland co,, Conn. : 26 m. N. E. Hartford. Stagville, p. v.. Orange co., K. Car. : on W. side of Fl.it r., 35 m. N. W. Raleigh. Staiilstown, p. o., Westmoreland co., Penn. : 131 m. W. Harrisburg. Stairway Brook, v. and sta., Pike co., Penn. : on the 9. of Delaware r,. and on tlie New York and Erie R. E., S\ m. W. from Delaware village. 07 N. W. New York city, and 132 N. E. Harrisburg. It has a richly-wooded hill near il. around the base of which the Delaware and Hudson Canal curves. Stamford, I., p. v., and sta., Fairfield co., Conn.: 67 m. STA STA S. "W. Ilariford. Boiiniled on tbe S. by Long Island Sound. Draint'd by Mill and Miannus rivers. Surface utidulating ; soil fertile. Between Sbippins: and Greenwich points are good harbors for vessels of Si feet draught of water. There are several vessels owned here, annn. ; 3 m. E. of the Tennessee river, 71 m. W. N. W. Nashville. Standing Ston-e, t. and p. c, Bradford co., Penn.: on the left bank of the Susquehanna river, 103 m. N. by E. Ilarrisburg. Drained by several streams flowing into the Susquehanna r. Surface hilly; soil gravelly loam. It has good water-power, and there are several mills, etc. The N. branch of the Susquehanna Canal passes through the town along the river. Standlsh. t, and p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : G9 m. S. W. Augusta. Boun'ied on the N. by Sebago lake, and on the S. W. by Saco river. There are several small ponds in the town. It has some water-power, and is a superi<»r farming region. The v. is located near Sebago lake. The Cumber- land and Oxford Canal crosses the N. E. part of the town, connecting Sebago lake with Portland, distance 20| m. East Standish and South Standish are names of villages. Pop. of L 2,290. Stanfokd, p. v., Monroe county, Ind. : 52 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. ST.\NTor.D, p. v., and cap. Lincoln co., K)/. : on a branch of Dick r., 44 ni. N. by W. Frankfort. It conlaina a court- house, jail, seminary, etc. Stasfoed, t., Duchess county, A'! Y.: 52 m. S. Albany. Drained by "Wappinger's cr. Surface hilly and mountain- ous; soil of average fertility. Wappinger's cr. furnishes good water-power, and it has some good mill-sites, and some manufactures of paper. Atilebury, Hull's Mills, and StanPtrdville are names of post-offices. Pop. 2.15^. Stanfoedvili-e, p. v., Putnam co., Ga. : on a branch of Oconee r.. 21 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Stanfordville, p. v.. Duchess co., K. Y.: on E. side of Wappinger's cr, 53 m. S. Albany. It contains several churches, and manufactures of woolens. This place is mostly inhabited by Quakers. Stanhope, p. v., Sussex co., K Jer. : on the N. bank of the Musconetcong river, and on the Morris Canal, 65 m. "W. Jersey City, and 4T m. N. from Trenton. A fall in the r. at this point furnishes excellent hydraulic power, and the G 5 canal, by an inclined plane, overcomes an ascent of 76 feet. It contains some light manufactures. Stanhope, p. v., Nash co., A' Car,: on the right bank of Tar r., 33 m. E. by N. Raleigh. Stanhope, p. v., Monroe county^ Pemi. : 94 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Stanislaus, v., San Joaquin county, Calif. : on the right bank of the r. so called, which is the tirst and largest tribu- tary of the San Joaquin r., 13 m. S. by E. Stockton, and 6S m. S. E. Vallejo. It w;is laid out by S. Brannan & Co., on or near the site originally selected for agricuKiiral opera- tions by the Mormous. Both rivers are navigable to this place for vessels of ordinary draft of water. It is the near- est point of navigation to the rich and celebrated Placers of the Stanislaus, Tuolumne, etc., and has already become au important position for the disembarkation of passengers and merchandise destined for the mines. Stanislaub river, Calif.: rises by 3 forks in the Sierra Nevada, flows westwardly dividing Calaveras and San Joaquin counties from Tuolumne c«., and empties into the San Joaquin, at the city so called. It has numerous branches. The banks of the river are rapidly being settled, but little mining is done. Stanley county, K Car. Situate S. centrally, and con- tains 853 sq. m. Drained by branches of Rocky r., which runs on its southern border. Surface elevated and in some parts hilly; soil fertile, being well adapted to grain and grazing. Chief productions, cotton, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Farms 515 ; manuf. 10 ; dwell. 946, and pop. — wh. 5,437, it. col. 49, si. 1,430 — total 6,922. Capital: Albemarle. Stanley Corners, p. c, Ontario county. N. Y. : 41 m. "W. from Albany. Stanton, p. v., Hunterdon county, N. Jer. : on the N. of Rnund Mountain, 24 m. N. by W. Trenton. It contains a church, 3 stijres, and 400 inhabitants. Stanton, p. o.. Bracken co., Ky. : 59 m. N. E. Frankfort. Stanton, p. v. and sta., New Castle county, Del. : on Red Clay cr., and on the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Balti- more R. E., 6 m. W. Wilmington, and ST m. N. from Dover. STANTONSBtTKo, p. V., Edgecomb CO., N. Car. : on Con- tentnea cr., 4S m. E. by S. Raleigh. Stanton V ILL E. p. v., Anderson district, S. Car. : 90 m. N. W. Columbia. The Greenville and Columbia E. E. passes to the W. of the village. Stantontille, p. v., M'Nairy co., TeJin. : 119 m. S. W. Nashville. Stanwich, p. o., Fairfield co., Coiin. : 6 m. N. Greenwich sta., on New York and New Haven R. R. ; 39 m. W. S. W. New Haven. Sta>-tvo:, p. 0., Oneida county, y. Y. : 101 m. W. N. W. Albany. Stapleton, p. v., Richmond co., iV. Y. : on the N. E. side of Staten Island. 2 m. N. of the "Narrows." 7 m. S. S. W. New York, with which it is connected by steamboat. It is a small settlement surrounded by delightful scenery, and of much resort, in common with other villages on Sta'en Island, for excursion parties, etc., from New York. It is chiefly of note from containing the Seamen's Retreat, an hospital for the reception of sick seamen, founded in 1S30, opened Oct. 1st., 1S31, and supported from taxes levied by law, upon seamen. The principal building is of rough granite, 208 feet long, 52 feet wide, 3 stories high, with winss 2 stories high, and 32 feet deep, and cost $100,000. Attached are 37 acres of land, which cost $10,000. Stab, p. o., Assumption parish, La. : 43 m. S. Baton Rouge. STAKFtELD, p. 0., Pcoria county, III. : 63 ni. N. by W. Springflctd. Star Furnace, p. o., Carter county, Ky.: 99 to. E. Frankfort Stark countv, III. Situate toward the N. W.. and con- SI7 STA STE tains 2S9 sq. m. Sp<'on r. a tributary of Illinois r., passes ccutnilly throu-ih it, by which and its branches it is dniined. Surface undulating; soil a deep loam and very productive. Staples, wheat and Indian corn. Faruis 343; manuf. 23; dwell. 5tU, and pop.— wh. 3,710, fr. coL 0— total 3,710. Oipital: Toulon. Stark county, Ind. Situate N. "W., and contains 432 sq. miles. Drained by Kankakee r. which traverses it N. E. and S. W., and which, in the centre of the county, extends into English lake. Extensive marshes lio on the borders of the river. It may be considered the most impracticable county in the State. Farms 53 ; dwell. 100, and pop,— wh. 557, fr. col. — total 557. Capital: Knox. Public W&rks: New Albany and Salem extension R. R. ; Logansport and Chicago R. K.; Fort TVayne and Chicago R. K., etc. Stark county, Ohio. Situate toward the N. E., and con- tains 5S7 sq. m. Drained by Tuscarawas r. and iU affluents. Surface even ; soil fertile, and well adapted to wheat, Indian core, and potatoes, which it produces in abundance. It contains extensive beds of iron ore and mineral coal, and has some quarries of excellent limestone. Pork and beef are exported in large quantities. Timber is abundant. Farms 3,177 ; manuf. 294 ; dwell. 6,77S, and pop.— wh. 39,733, fr. col. 145— total 39,S7S. CapiUd : Canton. PuhJic Work& : Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R. ; Cleveland and Pittsburg E. E. ; Ohio Canal, and Canton Branch Canal. Stake, t., p, o., and sta., Coos co., K. Ilamp. : on S. side of Upper Ammonoosuc r., and on Atlantic and St. Lawrence E. E., 115 m. from Portland ; 9S m. N. Concord. Surface ver}'' uneven and broken. Pop. 418. Starket, t, p. o., and sta., Yates co., N. T.: on "W. side of Seneca lake, 163 m. W. Albany. Surface elevated and hilly; soil clay loam. Drained by small streams flowing into the lake. The principal v. is Dundee, near which is a brine spring. The Canandaigua and Elmira R. E. passes through, 32 m. from Elmira, Pop. 2,675. Staeks, t and p. v., Somerset co.. Me. : on Sandy r. near its entrance into Kennebec r., 80 m. N. N. W. Augusta, The t. has a fertile soil, and good mill privileges afforded by Sandy r. Pop. of 1. 1,446. Starksbokough, t and p. v., Addison co.. Verm. : 23 m. W. Montpelier. Surface rough and mountainous; soil generally inferior. Drained by Lewis cr. and Huntington r. which afford water-power. Pop. 1,400. Starktille, p. v., and cap. Lee co., Ga. : on the W. side of Muckalee cr. of Flint r., 107 m. S. W. MiUedgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. Starktille, p. v., and cap. Oktibbeha co., Miss. : near the Oktibbeha r., 116 m, N. E. Jaclcson. It contains the county buildings, etc. Starkville, p. v., Herkimer co., J^. K : 58 m. W. N. W. Albany. Starlington, p. 0., Butler county, Ala. : 63 m. S. S. "W. Montgomery. Stare county, Teao. Situate 9., and contains 5,200 sq. m. Drained by outlet of Salt Lagoon. The Rio Grande flows on its S. W. border. Surface varied. In the N. being undu- lating and somewhat elevated, but in the S. level ; soil near the streams is fertile. The greater portion of the county is one vast prairie, with occasional groves of oak and other trees interspersed. It has excellent pasturage. Capital: Eio Grande City. Starr, t. and p. o., Hocking county, Ohio: 47 miles S. E. Columbus. Drained by head waters of Raccoon cr. The Hocking river and canal cross its N. E. part, 27 miles S. E. Lancaster. Surface much broken ; soil fertile. Pop. 1,045. STAERSvrLLE, p. T., Ncwton county, Ga. : 50 miles N. W. MiUedgeville. Starucoa, p. v., "Wayne county, Penn. : 124 miles N. E. Harrisburg. The Starucca creek flows from this vicinity into the Susquehanna, near Lanesborough, gives name to the Starucca Yiaduct of the Erie E. E,, one of the finest structures of its kind in the world, which here crosses a SIS deep ravine. It is 1,200 feet long, 110 feet high, and has 13 arches with spans of 50 feeU Its body is 24 feel wide, but its top is 30 feet, affording space for a double track. It was completed within one year, and cost $820,000. Statebcrg, p. v., and cap. Sumter disL, ^V. Car.: on a small tributary of Santee r, E. of the Camden Branch E. E., and 30 m. E. Columbia. It contains a court-house, jail, and other public buildings. State Biiiuge, p. o., Oneida co., A^. Y. : 110 m. W. N. W. Albany. &TATELA.ND, p. 0., Choctaw county, Miss. : 99 m. N. N. E. Jackson. State Line, p. o., Trumbull county, Ohio: 143 m, N. E. Columbus. State Line, p. o., M'Henry county, IH. .* 204 m. N. N. E. Springfield. State Line, p. o., Walworth co., Wise. : 61 m. S.E. Madison. State Line, p. o., Franklin co., Penn, : 51 m. "W. S. W. Harrisburg. States Island, y. Y. : lies centrally, 12 m. S. W. from the City Hall, New York, and forms Richmond co. It is 14 m. long, from 4 to 8 miles wide, and is divided into 4 town- ships, containing many pleasant villages. Its surface is agreeably diversified, hilly in the N., and more level in the S. From its hills are afforded the most delightful views to be obtained in the vicinity of New York. The highest elevation is that of Eichmond Hill, 307 feet above the bay. The numerous villages upon the shores of the island con- tain elegant summer country seats of New York citizens, also a large permanent population. Several steamboats ply hourly to New York. The construction of a railroad cen- trally through the island, and other improvements, have been projected. The fisheries on its borders are very valu- able ; the amount of market produce raised is also consider- able. The Seaman's Eetreat, and the Sailor's Snug Harbor are two noble institutions, occupying beautiful locations on its shores. The Quarantine Station for the port of New York is on its N. E. point. State Road, p. o., Lycoming county, Penn. : 75 miles N. Harrisburg, States BO noron, p. v., and cap. Bullock co., Ga. : at the head or source of Belcher's Mill creek of Ogechee r., 105 m, E. S. E. MiUedgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc, Stateville, p. v., and cap. Iredell co,, A". Car. : li m. N, Third creek, 115 m. "W. Columbia, and contains the courlr house and other county buildings. Statesvillb, p. v., Wilson county, Teyin. : 87 m. E. by S. Nashville, Station, p. o., Thomas county, Ga. : 169 miles W. by S. MiUedgeville. Staunton, p. c, Granville county, iK Car, : 53 m. N. Raleigh. Staunton, p. v., Macoupin co., JU. : IJ m. E. Cahokia cr., and 56 S. Springfield. It is a pleasant v., located on the border of a healthy and fertile prairie. Staunton, p. v., Fayette county, Ohio: 83 miles 8. W. Columbus. Pop. S7. Staunton, p. v., and cap. Augusta co., Virff, : on Lewis creek, and on llie Virginia Central R. E., 97 m. W. N. W. Richmond. The land rises from the creek, and the streets, though narrow, are uniformly laid out. The court-house and jail are situated here, the former a neat and com- modious edifice. Tliis is one of the oldest villages in Mid- dle Virginia, and the Virginia Central E. E. conHecls it with the Potomac and James rivers. The village contains a bank, capilal $100,000, 4 churches, an academy, and the Western Lunatic Asylum, a substantial and commodious building. The "Staunton Spectator" (whig), "Eepublican Vindicator" (dem.), and the "Virginia Messenger" (neut.) are issued weekly. The v. is surrounded by a fertile and well-cultivated country. Pop, about 3,000. Steady Eun, p. v,, Keokuk Co., la. : on a branch of Big creek, 37 m. S. by W. Iowa City, STE STE Steamboat, sta., Chester co., Penn. : ou (lie Philadelphia and Pennsylvania R. E., 26 miles W. Philadelphia, and SO E. S. E. Harrisburg. Steam Faotoet, p. o., Muscogee CO., Ga. : 105 m. W. S-W. Milledgeville. Steam Mill, p. o., Warren county, Penn. : 160 m. N. "W. Harrisburg. Steampoet, p. o., Henderson co., i"y. : 151 m. "W. by S. Frankfort. Steedmas*s, p. v., Lexington dist., S. C- ries. The v. is loc.ited on Oneida cr., and contains several churches and an academy. Pop. of t. 2.0S1. STticKBRiDoE. p. v., CaUmiet co., Wimc: on the E. side of Winnebago lake. 94 m. N. E. Madison. Stock Ckksk, p. v., Scott co,, Tirg. : on a cr. so called, 293 m. W. S. W. Kiehmond. At this jilace thero is a re- markable natural tunnel, tlirough which the cr. flows. Stockkiiton, p. o., Northampton county, Penn.: 85 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Stockholm, p. o.. Sussex co., K Jer. : 54 m. N. Trenton. Stockholm, I., p. v.. and sta., St. Lawrence co.. N. }'.; 152 m. N. W. Albany. Drained by St. Kegis river and branches, and a branch of Uacket river. Surface hilly and somewhat atony; soil frrtile and heavily timbered. There are some manufactures, cons.isting of (Ii.ur, lumber, fulled cloths, potash, and leather. The village is on the Northern (Ogdensburg) R. E., S2 m. W. by S. Rouse's Point. Pop. of I. 8,661. Stockport, t., p. v., and stn., Columbia co., N. Y. : on the E. side of the Hudson river, 24 m. S. Albany. Drained by Kinderhook creek, flowing inio the Hudson rivt-r. Surface uneven; soil fertile. Columbiavilie is a manufael.uring v. The t. contains several manufactories of woolen and cotton goods, leather, paper, flour, etc. The v. is on tho Hudson Kiver It. E., 24 m. S. Albany, and 121 m. N. from New York city. Pop. of t. 1,655. Stockpoet, p. o., Morgan county, Ohio: 6') m. E. by S. Columbus. Stockport STATio>f, p. v. and sta., Delaware co., y.Y.: on the E. side of the Delaware r., on the New York and Erie R. E., 169 m. N. W. Nt-w York city, and 94 m. 8. W. (direct) Albany. Its location is in a ph-asant bend of the r., 3 miles below the junction of the Mohawk and Popacton brandies, and it is important as a lumber depSt, large quantities of which is manufactured in the neighborhood. Stocksville, p. v.. Buncombe co., ^V! Ccir. : on S. side of Ivy r.. 219 m. W. Raleigh. Stockton, p. v., Baldwin county, Ala.: on the E. side of Tensaw river, 25 miles N. E. Mobile, and 137 m. S. W. of Montgomery. Stockton, p. o.. Madison co., Plor. : 45 m. E. Tallahassee. Stockton, t. and p. o., Cliautauque co., iV". 3' ; 12 m. S. Dunkirk, and -lOG m. W. by S. Albany. Bearand Cassadaga lakes are in the N. part, by the outlets of which the town is drained. Surface even; soil fertile. It has excellent water- power, and several liglit manul'acturi s. Pop. 1.642. Stockton, p. v., and cap. San -loaquin co., OtHf. : on the Stockton slough or canal (which contains the "back wa- ters" formed by the junction of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers) about 3 m. from its junction with the San Joaquin, loo m. E. by water from San Francisco, an• ^• Ston^ville, p. v., Greenville dist., S. Car.: on a tribu- tary of Ennorce r, S3 m. N. W. Columbia. J Stone Wall Mill, p. v., Appomattox to., Urn ■ on James r. and canal, 15 m. below Lynchburg, and 181 m'. W by fe. from E.chmond by canal, and 71 m. direct STONINOTON, t.. p. b., and port of entry. New London co e^^rb; L "■ ', f • '\T''' '' "• ^- ""^^ ""»• J^-d- „ f ^n. f "" ^""""'•i:-l'J •P^'wcatuck r., separating It from Ehode Island, and W. by Mystic r., both o^f wb cf afford water-power. This is a large L, with rockv and un- iVn I , , ™S'' " "" " "='"'"' ""J "^ky point of land, extending about } m. S. into the sound. The hi^bor IS protected by a break-water, constructed by the U^ ed 1TH„ f™:"'"™' "" " '^°»' of *S0,000. It is handsomely laid out, well bunt, and was incorporated in ISOl. Its eiti- zens are noted f >r commercial enterprise, especially in the nba hug and sealing business, in which a large aggregate apital IS employed. Many vessels are owned her! whfch bring their cargoes into New York and other ports. ' Tt la^ a marine railway and lighthouse at the entrance of the har- .June i'«-n """' '"-""goof Stoninglon district on 80th June, ISdO, was 19,913 tons. The registered lonna-e amounted to 13,1S9 tons, and all permanent, of which S SGI ons were in the whale fishery. The enrolled and licensed tonnage amounted to 6,724 tons, consisting of 6.10 "o^ permanent, 144 tons temporary, employe.1 1. follow^oL,. nfr^i T ' ™ navigation, 67 tons; and the Ion- IZ7'7T ■"""" '" '""^"'■'■^••- '^ '"'" 'n ^astin". . de, 8.9 tons in cod fishery. The number of clearances for foreign countries during the year preceding wasol" Si tons; numberof entrances do. 10-2.894 tons. The number of vessels bunt during the year was 9-1,0.34 tons Wz 2 ships, 1 schooner, 5 sloops, and 1 steamed Durin» itl't ^perm oil, 16,334 bbls. whale oU, an''d 97,500 lbs. w'halebone The town contains several manufactories, of which three are extensively engaged in making plaid a'nd plain U"! im2% ^"."'"'"t: ^ """k'.-vith aggregat'e capital ;/ »lt.0,000, 1 savings bank, 2 academies, 4 churches, etc Here commences the Stonington K. E. to Providence 60 m ' connecting with daily steamboats to and from New York" Plus place is of considerable resort in summer. The Wad ' dawannuck House, the chief fashionable hotel, is kept in nrat-class style. Pop. of t. in 1840, 3,898; in 1S50, 5,434 Stonington, p. v., Christian co., /ll.: on the S. forl^ of Sangamon r., 29 m. S. E. Springfield. STONV BnooK. sta., Middlesex CO., Mass.: on Fitchbur. Ik. Jv., 12 m. from Boston. ® Stony Bhook, p. v., Suffolk county, iK K .• on N. side of Long Is and, 122 m. S. S. E. Albany. I, has a good harbor acce^ible at all seasons of the year, and carrls on shin-' building, with some manufactures. Pop. about m * bTONV Ceeek, p. o., Warren co., if. r. .• 54 m. N. Albany STONV CnEEK-.sla.,Xew IJavcn county, To. „. .-on New Haven and New London E. E., 11 m from Na„ ir 39 m. from New London. ^"^ """"■ Stonv Ceeek, t. and p. 0., Somerset co., Pe„n ■ m m W by S. Harrisburg. The Alleghany Mountain 'is „' 2 E. border. Draincl by Stony cr. and branches. Surfa e moun ainous, with fertile valleys. Iron ore is abundant mCr ■"""""" ""■"''"' "'* " "'^ •»--''««• er'st- Eichrnd'"^'^' "• "■■ '^"" ■=»•• '^'•^■■- ='» ">• ^- S. W STO STR Stont Fouk, p. o., Amherst county, Tlrg. : 90 m. W. Eiclimond. Stonv Fork, p. o., Wautauga eo., X Car. : 157 m. N.W. Ealeigb. Stony Hill, p. o., Richmond co., Vlrg. : 47 m. E. N. K. Eithmond. Stony Mount, p. o., Brunswick co., Virg. : 67 m. S. by TV. Eichmond. Stony Point, p. o., White CO., Arl: : 49 m. N. E. Little Eoek. Stony Point, p. o., E. Baton Eoiige pur., I.a. Stony Point, p. o., Alexander co., aV. Car. : 129 m. "W. Ealeiah. Stony Point, Rockland co., y. Y. : is a high rocky pro- motitory at the head of Haverslraw bay, in Hudson r., on uhicli was a fort during the Revolutionary War, bravely taken by storm from the British on the night of July IClh, 1170, by the Americans under Gen. Wayne. A lighthouse has been erected on the site of the old fort. Stony Point, p. v., Abbeville district, S. Car.; 65 m. W. N. W. Columbia. Stony Point, p. c, Bradley county, Term. : 125 m. S. E. Nashville. Stony Point, p. c, Albemarle co., Mrg. : C7 m. W. N.W. Richmond. Stony Point, p. o., Jackson co., Mo. : 120 m. W. by N. Jefferson City. Stony Point Mn.LS, p. v., Cumberland co., Virg.: on W. bank of Appomattox r.. 42 m. W. by S. Richmond. Stony Rtoge, p. v., Wood co., Ohio: at the source of a etnam flowing N. E. into Lake Erie, 107 m. N. by W. Columbus. Stony Ridgk, p. o., Surry co., iV'. Car.: 121 m. N. W. Raleigh. Stony Run, p. o., Genesee Co., Mich.: 46 m. E. N. E. Lansing. Stokrville, p. v., Anderson dist., S. Car.: 5 m. E. of the Savanniih r., 121 m. W. by N. Columbia. i^TtiEMViLi-E. p. o., Duchess county, K Y.: 1 m. S. of the Fishkill, iS m. S. Albany. Stork's, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio : 06 m. S. W. Columbus. Stoek's, sla., Henrico county, Virg. : on Virginia Central Railroad, ti m. N. by E. Richmond. Story county, la. Situate centrally, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by Skunk r, and its tributaries. Surface undulating ; soil fertile, and consists of a deep black mold, adapted to wheat and grain, and favorable to the cultivation of fruit, apples, pears, and peaches of good quality being produced. Erected since ISoO. Stoey, p. o.. Ogle CO., III. : 155 m. N. by E. Springfield. St'jixiiul'kg, p. o., Berks county, /'ew/t. .* 85 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Stougustown, p. v., Cumberland county, Pemi. : 29 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. Stoi-guton, L, p. v., and sta., Norfolk co., Ma^n. : IS m. S. Boston. Drained by head branches of Neponset r. The V. contains 1 woolen and 2 cotton factories, and 4 churches. Here terminates the Stoughton Branch R. R., 4 m. long, which connects with Doston and Providence R. R. at Can- Ion. Tlic v. and t, are noted for the manufacture of bonis and shoes. The Fall River R. R. touches the E. border of the t at East Sloughton. Pop. of L in 1S40, 2,142; in ISOO, 3,594. STOtTGiiTON, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wise. Pop. 70. Stout's, p. c, Adams county, Ohio : 79 m. S. by W. Columbus. Stout's, p. o., Northampton county, Penn. : 83 m. N. E. Harrisburg. ^tout's Geove, p, o.. M'Lean county, III.: in N. W. corner of county, 57 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Stover, p. o., Dallas county, ArJ:, : 55 ra. S. by W. Little Rock. Sto\-er'9 Plaoe, p. o.. Centre co., Penn. : 67 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Stovertown, p. 0., Muskingum county, Ohio: 51 m. E. Columbus. Stow, t. and p. v., O,i;ford county, Me. : 63 m. W. by S. Augusta. Bounded W. by New Hampshire. It contains several jmnds, the outlets of which flow into Saco r. Pop. of t. 471. Stow, t. and p. o., Middlesex co., Mass. : 24 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by Assobet river, which affords water- power. The L contains several grist and saw mills, and has consitierable manufactures. The Lancaster and Ster- ling Branch R. E. (from South Acton, on Fitcbburg R. E. to Feltonville) runs upon its E. border. Pop. 1,455. Stow, t. and p. v., Summit county, Ohio: 111 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Cuyahoga r. and one of its branches, affording excellent water-power. Surface rolling; soil fer- tile, and in a good state of cultivation. The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal crosses the S. part, and the Akron Branch of the Cleveland and Pittsburg II. R. passes through the v. Bituminous coal of a superior quality is found in the S. W. of the town. It has several stores, mills, etc. Population oft. 1,702. Stowe, t and p. v., Lamoille co., Venn. : 16 ra. N. N. W. Montpelier. Surface level ; soil fertile. Drained by Water- bury r. and its branches, which flow S. into Onion r., and afford water-pc>wer. The t. contains a woolen factory, 2 tanneries, and mills of various kinds. Pop. oft. 1.7T1. Stowell's Corneiis, p. o., Jefferson county, N. Y. : 152 m- N. W. Albany. Stow's Ferry, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : 42 m. N. E. Montgomery. Stow's S^uaee, p. o., Lewis co., AC Y. : 123 m. N. W. Albany. Stowsville, p. o., Gaston co., K. Car. : 133 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. Stoyestown, p. v., Somerset co., Penn. : on W. side of Stony cr., 107 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Near the v. are 2 furnaces ; annual capacity 700 and 1,400 liins ; and a forge producing annually 30 tons bar iron. The village has some other manufactures, mills, etc. Strabahe, p. v., Lenoir co., N. Car.: on the S. side of Neuse r., 63 m. S. E. Columbia. Stkabane, t and p. o.. Washington co., Penn. : 170 m.W. Harrisburg. Drained by Charliers and Little Chartiers creeks, uniting on its N. W. boundary. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. It contained in 1S50, S schoolsand 200 scholars, male and female. Pop. about 1,250. Steaitord county, K. Ilamp. Situate toward the S. E., and contains 40S sq. m. Drained by Larai)roy, Isinglass, and Cocheco rivers. Surface various, and diversified with small ponds; soil in most parts fertile, and producing good crops of grain, etc. Agriculture Is much attended to by a large number of the population. Chief products, wheat, In- dian com. and potatoes. Farms 1,S44 ; manuf. 394 ; dwell. 4,764, and pop.— wh. 29.327, fr. col. 37— total 29.SG4. Cap- ital: Dover. Ptihlic Works: Cocheco R. R. ; Great Falls and Conway R. R. ; BosUm and Maine R. R. Strafford, t. and p. v., Strafford co., N. Ilamp. : 20 m. E. by N. Concord. Blue Hill crosses its N. part. Drained in its N. part by branches of Suncook r., and in S. part by Isinglass r., flowing from Bow Pond, in its S. W. part (2 m. long, H ™- wide), into Cocheco r. The t. has generally a fertile soil, abounds with fine scenery, and contains four churches. Pop. oft, 1,920. Straffoei), t and p. v.. Orange co., Venn. : 31 m. S. S. E. Montpelier. Surface uneven; soil fertile. Drained by a branch of Ompompanoosnc r., which affords water-power. In the S. E. comer is a be>i of sulphnret of iron, h.-ilf a mile long, 3 rods wiiie, and of unknown depth, from which large quantities are annually taken. The principal company en- gaged in the manufacture of copperas therefrom has a cap- ital of $40,000. Pop. oft. 1,516. STR Steatfoed Coknkp^ p. 0., Sirafford co., N. Bump. ■ 22 m •t. by N. Concord. Stbaioiit Fork, p. o., Campbell counly, Term.: 137 m *-• by N. Nashville. STKiiT'8 Lake, p. o., Oakland co., jr«A. .- 59 m E bv s Lansing. ' ■' '•' STEAirevTLLE, p. 0., New Haven co.. Conn STEAiraviLLE, p. v., Perry counly, Ohio : 4S ra. S. E. by E Columbus. In ils vicinity (in Salt Lick t.) are foun.l im- mense deposits of bituminous coal, some of the strata of which have been found to be 90. lis, and I3B feet Jecn A vem of carbonate of iron is fotuul In m. S. of this eoal-hed Steasbueg, p. v., Tuscarawas county, old,,: on the W side of a branch of the Tuscarawas river, S4 m N e' Columbus. STitASBrEO, t and p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. ; 4.3 m S F Hamsburg. Drained by Little Beaver cr. Pecquea cr ' on ■ ts N. and W. boundary, affords valuable water-p:" r 'ind on Its bank are several mill-seats. Surface hillv ; soil fertile and much grain is raised. The v. i, 2 m. W.'Mine \mX "'."'i^m'™"'"' ""' ''"'''"^' """^ ^"■"'" ""^■ STBASBrEG, sla., Blair co., Penn. : on the Baltimore and Susquehanna E. K., 43 m. 8. Harrisburg, and 80 m. I Steasbueg, p. v., Shenandoah co., Vlrg.: o„ N. branch of Shenandoah r., 109 m. N. N. W. Eichmond. The inhab- -tants are chiefly of German origin. The v. contls 3 churches, several mechanic shops, stores, etc., and U on he line of the Manassas Gap R. E. Pop 600 MmedPi,^."-' ''°°'°°"'"'' ^°"'"^' ^'^■•- '2 -■ 8- S. E. Steatfoed, t and p. c, Fulton county, N. Y.: 6(5 m N. W. Albany Surface hilly; soil best adapted to grazing Drained by East Canada creek and its brancheruZ Which are numerous saw-mills. Fish lake on it3 E. border 18 a handsome sheet of water. Pop SOI W XT^' '■' "■ "■' """ "•■'•• '^^'i^fl^l'l'eonnty. Conn.: on ^ree. i „. ,„„g, p„„„^, ,„ .^e r., and pleasantly omarnenM w^^th shade trees, and contains 5 churches, an academy, etc The Episcopal church was founded in 172.3, and i, the „id est of the denomination in .he State. The Lhaa cons derate P ' R n?s ""T' ^""- '""' ^'" ^"'^ ""^ New naven E. E. passes through the v., 62 m. from New York 14 „, necu ft°str",r;'r' """ " ""' ^-^-'-t ^ p.. tn; mo, i" OS ,m,:TL',ToT' ' "■ '^°- '"^ ^- ^"P- "^ -•> colrb™.""' "• "•' "^"'""^ -""^' ^^--^ " ». N. STEATFoRi), t., p. o., and sta., Coos co., iK /r^mj, . on F side of Connecticut r., 106 m. N. Concord. Surmfe 'ro™ ^i soil mostly sterile. Drained by small streams. The Auntie , and SL Lawrence E. E. runs alono. il,„ . ■ '"^^Auantic nt Stratford Hollow, 12r m." at"!, r h'st .S TT from Portland. Pop. in 1S40, 441 ; i„ ,S50, sT ' 34 m Tt,"'F ' r '" '"f 't" ''"^'^'"Sbam co.,' .V. ir.,nj, . ExeTeV ; fl ^-.Concord. Bounded W. by Squamscot or Exeter r. flowing into Great bay. Surface level • .oil generally fertile. The inhabitants'arc chie^y en;g;d t farming. In its E. part is a large peat sw.amp! The Ports mouth and Concord E. E. passes through, S I from Portsmouth, 39 m. from Concord. Pop S43 ^ Bteatton t. and p. o., Windham county, r.rm ■ 90 miles S. by W. Montpelier. This is a moun ainor town bordering on the Green Mountain Range, with p^r w'miny"^' "■ "■• ^^'"''"^ --'>■• ^ ^ ■■ ^3 m. Bteatto^ville, p. y., Clarion co., Penn.: 144 m. N. W. | STU "r™^j^:;':;j:^sr'"----vicini.,.. ii.^'rri::^°"-^' "■ "■• ^^^ '=™"'^' ^-••- «^ m. n. k Virginia E. E. passe, through CJ^l '" '™"^^^^ """^ hS:;:';!"^'^ "• "■' ^'-^^ ™""'^- ^-"- •■ 35 m. s. s. e. WMt"r°2rm''N-',"T''';'V™"''-'"<'---°»E-'>''>'''0f ^.^;^,l^d:^^sr■:rtm^l— -- STEEETSBOBo-, t. and p. V., Portage county, O/.io: in m Oi'nnh '-""'""";'• '*"'-f'"=« g™'ly "neven. Drained by Pop r"fT. tlOS ''"™' ""• ^- "'"'^' "' ""= """■• Steeet-s E™ P v., Alleghany co., P™„. , „„ Mononga hela r., 4.m. S. E. Pittsburg; 157 m. W. Harrisbnrg. STEiCKEnsviLLE, p. v., Chester county, Penn. : on a small Hrbut'"' '^^ '"" "° "^'^""^ ''-•"- «'• JrZ'^!''"''' ^^'''^' ^- ^- °'"' '"^' ^'"Plin CO., i*r c^^. . zz r a s.rp:^e-gr"'™ ^- ^- '' -■ «• «°"^>'-"- Strickland's Feeey, sta., Kennebec co.. Me. : on Andros- coggin river and E. E., 12 m. from Leeds sta., 21 m.w Augusta. ' "*- M. Ha^r""'' '■ "' ^°* "°""'' ^''""■•- '' '"• «• ^• Steihg Peaieie, p. a, Lee co. la. : 69 ra. S. Iowa City Steing Peaieie, p. o., Burleson co., r«-. ; 66 m. E bv N Austin City. ■ ^j i.t. STEiNcTowN, p. v., Eichtand CO., M.: on the border of a fertile prame, 110 m. S. E. Springtield. Stbin-gtown, p. o., Eipley county, I,ul.: 65 miles 8. E Indianapolis. Strudr p. o., Culpepper county, nrff, : 65 m. N. N W Strode's MrLi^, p. 0., Mifflin co., Pejw.: 49 m N W Ilarrrsburo:. Strong, t. and p. v., Franklin CO., Me. : 4S m. N.W by N sa?i"v^ /'"'■'T',"""'™ '" *^ 8.; well watered bj- ^and, r., along which ,s a fine tract of fertUe intervale. The V. IS very pleasant. Pop. of 1. 1,008 wT^TT^',^: ^- '"*""=' '"■• ^""•■■- O" Tellow cr., lOS m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. STEON-Gsv,L,^E,t and p. v., Cuyahoga county, 0/no: 14 m. S. 8. W. Cleveland, 105 m. N. E. Columbus. Watered by E. branch of Rocky r., upon which the v. is situated. The V. contams several mills, stores, etc., and 3 churches. Pop. STEorosBrrBG, p. v., and cap. Monroe co.. Pen,,. : on the N. bank Of Smithfleld cr., 8 m. N. W. from Delaware Ga" 9^ m N. E. Hamsburg. It is built upon one street aud ontams a com-t-house, jail, and other public buildiu^s a forge moved by water-power, pro,Iucing os„ „„„ "'^^ I shed""?' "''"•.'■•\'^"" *-k'y —papers are'ub- Derocrat'irmT'^Pop'^^f'"'"'" ^'^'"="'- """ "^-"o crfek'or" u'' V' '^™'"- '"■' ^- ''■■ 0" Butralo nd.;^, ;.;" Po^abo,' tS " '"'"""' ' ^-"-'-. " f- Jackl™. """"""' "• "■' '''"'''''" "'"""y- ^«»-- 25 m. N Sturhridok. t and n v w ;^:i:ui'rri?^"=-^-;^ -..ughfl^^r— w:^:;:::^-^- STU SVQ the Quinnebaug, and improved by factories of cotton goiids, grist ajid saw mills, etc. The v. at the centre contains 2 cinirc-hes. Pop. of t. 2,119. Btukoeoxvillk, p. o., Brunswick cnunty, Virg. : 5S m. 8. by W. Richmond. STiiKyis, t p V and sta., St, Joseph's co., Mich.: 83 m.' S.^VV. Lansing. Tlie entire t. is pari of a rich track of prairie land. It is crossed by the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana R. R.. on which the village is located, 131 m. from Chicago, 116 m. from Monroe. Pop. of t. S39. Stutvesant, t. and p. v., ColuniI)ia co., K.Y.: on E. eide of Hudson river, and on Hudson River R. R., IS m. S. Albany. Surface hilly, with productive soil. The v. on the river was formerly called Kinderhook Landing. It has con- siderable business with New York in supplying country produce- Pop. of 1. 1,766. Stutvesajjt Fai.I£, p. v., Columliia county, iVT Y.: on Kinderhook cr.,wliich furnishes ftne water-power to various mills, 23 m. S. Albany. Sublett's Taveen, p. 0., Powhatan co., Virg. : 21 m. W. Eicbraond. StTBLiGNA, p. o., Chattooga county, Ga. : 153 m. N. W. Milled trevillfc Success, p. o., Suffolk co., N. Y.: 134 ra. S. E. by S. Albany. SucKAsuNNT, p. V., Morris CO., X. Jer.: 45 m. N. by E. Trenton. ScTDBirRT, t and p. v., Middlesex co.. Mass. : 20 m. "W. Boston. Bounded E. by Sudbury r., a branch of Concord river. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agricultural pursuits. The v. at the centre is very pleasant. Popula- tion of t 1,57S. SuDEUET, t. and p. v., Rutland co.. Verm. : 45 m. S. W. Montpelier. Otter cr. forms part of its 1-]. boundary. Sur- face elevated and uneven. Pop, of t. "94. SuDLEEsviLLE, p. v., (^uecn Anne co., Md. : on the "W. Bide of the upper course of Tuckahoe cr., 42 m. E. by N. Annapolis. StTFiTiRN, p. o. and sta., Rockland co., y. Y. : on Erie E. R.. at junction of Union R. R., 112 m. S. by W. Albany. The vicinity is interesting, from its romantic scenery and Eevolutionary historj-, and is noted for its abundant iron ore. ScTFiELD, L and p. v., Hartford co., Corm. : on W. side of Connecticut r., and bounded N. by Massachusetts, 16 m. N. Hartford. Surface diversified; soil fertile loam, but with- out alluvial meadows, owing to the elevated banks, and affording some of the best farms in the State. The v., on one street, one mile long, is plex^antly built on elevated ground, c^)mmanding fine views of the river and vicinity. The Connecticut Literary Iiislitution, here located, was founded by the Baptists in 1S35; it has a brick edifice, four stories high, and employs four teachers. The v. and t. have considerable manufactories. Pop. of t. 2.962. SiTFFiELD, t and p. o,, Porlage co,, Ohio: lOS m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by branches of Cuyahoga r. Surface gently uneven. Pop. 1,275. Suffolk county, Mtifis. Situate E., and contains 109 sq. m. Drained principally by the Charles r. It cinsist^ of Boston and Chelsea, in connection with several small islands. Surface generally level ; soil fertile. Chief prod- ucts, wheat, Indian com, and potatoes. This county has many extensive manufactures, and is at the present time the most important in (he State, the city of Boston constitut- ing the greater part of its area. Farms 76 ; manuf. 1,9S!) ; dwell. 16.567, and pop.— wh. 142,484, fr. col. 2.023— total 142.507. CapiUil: UosUm. ruhlicWorkfi: Eastern R.R.; Boston and Maine E. II. ; Norfolk County E. R.; Boston antl Lowell P*. R. ; Fitchburg R. R, ; Bosl^m and Worcester E. R. ; Boston and Providence E. R. ; Old Colony R. R- ; Grand .lunction U, R.,etc. Suffolk county. X. Y. Comprehends the E. portion of Long Isiau'I. with ."Several considerable islands, the prin- cipal of which are Eisher's, Shelter, autTGardiner's islands, H5 and contains 976 sq. m. Surface hilly and broken; soil a sandy Inam. It contains extensive salt meadow?i. and has some minerals. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. Salt is extensively manufactured. Fishing is much follow- ed by the inhabitants. Farms 323; manuf. 96; dwelt. 6.745, and pop.— wh. 84.8(19, fr. col. 2,113— total 36.922. CapiUU : Suffolk C. H, Puhlic Worku: Long Island li, R. Suffolk, sta., Suffolk co., N. Y. : in Islip t., on Long Island E, R., 43 m, from New York. Suffolk, p. v., sta,, and cap, Nanseniond county, Mrg. : nn Nansemond r,, 72 m. S. L. by S. liiebmnnd. The Sea- board and Roanoke R. R. passes through, 17 m. fnim Portsmonth, 63 m. from Weldon ; as will also the Peters- burg and Norfolk R. R., now in construction. The v. con- tains the county buildings and 4 churches. The "Suffolk Intelligencer" (whig), and "Nansemond Chronicle" are semi-weekly issues. Pop. about 1.700. Suffolk Court-house, p. o,, Suffolk county, U'. Y. (Sea RlVEUnEAD.) Sugar Cueek, p. c, Telfair co., Ga. : 77 m, S, by E. Milledgeville. Sugar Creek, p. v., Hancock co., Imf. ; on the N. bank of a stream so called. 14 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. Sugar Creek, p, o., Crawford co,, Ptiiii. : near a lake so called, 1S3 m. N. Vf. Harrisburg. A furnace operated by steam, near here, has an annual capacity of 1.100 tons. Sugar Creek, p. o., Lawrence co., 'Jeini, : 69 m. S. S.W. Nashville. Sugar Creek, t. and p. o., "Walworth co., jr/.v<\ .- 47 m. S. E. Madison, Drained by branches of Fox r. There ;ire several small ponds in the io-wn. Surface level, consisting of limber and prairie land; soil of great fertility. Popu- lation 1,229. Sugar Grove, p, o., Pendleton co., Virg. : 128 m. N. W. Richmond. Sugar Grote. p. o., Kane co.. III. : on Blackberry cr. of Illinois r., 149 m. N. E. Springfield. Sugar Grove, p. o., Tippecanoe co., I>i(K : 159 m. N. W. Indianapolis. Sugar Gbove, p. o., Fairfield county, Ohio: 24 ro. S. E. Columbus. SiroAR Grove, p. v., Poweshiek co., la. : on a bmnch of South fork, Skunk r., 64 m. W. Iowa City. Sugar Grove, p. c, Butler county, Ay.; 113 m. S.W. Frankfort, Sugar Grove, p. o., Ashe co., i^. f'. ; 72 miles N. E. Jefferson Cily. Sulphite Lick, p. o., Monroe co., Xy. ; 109 m. S. by W. Frankfort. Sulphur Rock, p. o., Independence county, Ark. : on a branch of White r., 90 m. N. N. E. Little Rock. SuLPHua Spring, p. o., Crawford county, Ohio : 57 m. N. Columbus. SruurE Spring valley, Solano co., C<.tUf.: runs up frnm Suisun bay, 2 miles X. of Benicia and near Vallf jo, from li)u to 4"XI yards wide, and winds through the Suscul Uills for 5 or 6 miles. The soil is rich and well watered. The springs located here are of good temperature for bathing. Sulphur Springs, p. v., Williamson county. III. : on the Sangamon and Massac R. R., 155 ra. S. S. E. Springtii^d. Sulphur Springs, p. o., Madison co., Miss. : 27 m. N. Jackson. Sulphitr Springs, p. o., Henry co., /»LMERFiELD, t. and p. v., Mouroe county, Mich. : 77 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by Raisin r. Surface rolling, with prairie land and good timber ; soil fertile, producing excel- lent grain ; and some sheep and hogs are raised. The v. is on the Raisin r., and contains several mills, etc. The Mich- igan Southern and Northern Indiana li. K. crosses the N. pari, on which is Petersburg station, 2S miles W. Monroe. Pop. of t. 472. SuMMEEFiELD, p. V., GuUford CO., 31 Cui'. : 71 m. N. W. Ealeigh. SuMMERFiELP. p. V., Noble CO., Ohio : on the E, boundary, 85 m. E. by S. Columbus. SuMMEKFORD, t, aud p. V., MadisoH CO., Ohio: 24 m. W. Columbus. Drained by the head walers of Deer cr. tribut- ary of Scioto r, affording good mill-power. The v. is on the cr, pop. of V. i;iy, and of the t, 755. SuiiMEa Gro\-e, p. 0., Smith county, Tiy. ; 209 m. N. E. Austin City. SuMiiEE Hill, t. and p. v., Cayuga co., N. Y. : 1-54 m. W. Albany. Drained by the head branches of Fall creek. Sur- face hilly; soil of moderate fertilily. It contains several mills and a tannery. The v. is on a branch of Fall creek. Pop. of 1. 1,251. Summer Hill, L and p. v., Cambria co., Penn. : 101 m.W. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by branches of Kiskiminetas r,, affording power to several mills. It conlaina some light manufactures. The Pennsylvania R. R. pa-sses through the town, and a branch connects it with Ebensburg, about 11 miles N. SuMMEESET, p. V., Polfc CO., la. : on the N. side of Middle river branch of the Des Moines, 112 m. W. by S. Iowa City. Summeesvili.f-, p. v., Greene co., Ky. : on Pitman*s cr., 64 m. S. by W. Frankfort SuMMERSviLLE, p. v., Jcffcrson CO., Pejin. : 125 m. N. W. Harrisburg. SriiMERViLLE, p. v., aud cap. Chattooga county, Ga. : on the W. bank of the Chattooga branch of Coosa river, 153 m. N. W. MiUedgeville, and contains a court-house, jail, etc. SuMMERviLLB, p. 0., Cumberland county, N. Car. ; 41 m. S. W. Raleigh. SuMMEKviLLE. p. V., Cass CO., Mich. : on Dowagiake r.. 101 m. S. W. Lansing. The country in the vicinity consisls of dry prairie land. SuMMERTTLLE, p. V., Charleston district, S. Car.: on the Souih Carolina R. R., 22 in. N. W. Charleston, and 104 by railroad S. E. Columbia. SuMMERViLLE, p. v., Rock CO., Wlsc. ." OH the S. of Turtle cr., 4T m. S. E. Mailison. SuMiiERviLLE, p. o., Boonc CO., Mo. : 29 m. N.W. Jefferson City. Summit county, Ohio. Situate toward the N. E.,and con- tains 5o2 sq. m. Cuyahoga river flows through the central portion, by which and its tributaries and by head branches of Tuscarawas river it is drained; good water-power is supplied in their courses. Surface undulating, in parts hilly ; soil a rich vegetable mold, and produces in abund- ance wheat, Indian com, and potatoes. Large numbers of cattle and hogs are fattt-ned and sent to market, transporta- tion being greatly facilitated by means of the Ohio Caual. Timber is exported. Farms 2,329 ; manuf. 292 ; dwell. 4,SS5, and pop.— wh. 27.422, fr. col. 03— ^ital 27,485. Cap- ital: Akron. Public M'urks : Cleveland and Pittsburg K. li. ; Cleveland, Zanesville and Cincinnati R. R. ; Ohio Canal, etc.. Summit, p. c, Oakland county, Mich.: 57 miles E. by S. Lansing. Summit, p. o., Summit co., Oldo : lOS m. N. E. Columbus. Summit, sta.. Licking CO., OAio; ou the Central Ohio R.R., 22 m. E. Columbus. Summit, p. v., Blount co., Ala. : on the W. boundary line of Marshall co., 128 m. N. from Montgomery. Summit, p. o., Whitley county, Jnd.: 99 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Summit, p. v. and sta., Essex co., J^. Jei: : on the E. of the Passaic r., on the Morris and Essex R. R., 13 m. W. from Newark, and 41 N. E. from Trenton. Summit, t. p. v., anil sta., Schoharie co,, iY Y.: 46 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Charlotte r., and tributaries of Schoharie cr. Surface high and hilly ; soil adapted to grass. It contains several manufactrmes. The v. is on a branch of the Schoharie cr. Pop. of t. 1.800. Summit, sta., Clinton co., JV. Y. : on the Northern (Og- ilensburg) R. E., 37 m. W. Rouse's Point, and 162 m. N. from Albany. Summit, p. o., Northampton co., N. Car. : 85 m. N. E. Raleigh. Summit, sta., Broome co., If. Y. : on the New York and Erie R. R., 194 m. N. W. New York cily, and l(i4 m. S. W. (direct) from Albany. Thu road at this point has been cut through a solid roi-k, at an expense of $20n,000. Summit, sta., Rutland co.. Verm. : on the Rutland and Burlington E. R., IS m. S. Rutland, and 72 m. S. W. Monipelier. Summit, p. v., Cambria co., P^im.: on the head branch of Kiskiminetas r., and on the Philadtlpliia and Pennsyl- vania R. R., 150 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. A furnace of 1,100 tons annual capacity is near the village. Summit, sta., Chester co., Penn. : on the Columbia and Philadelphia E. R., 44 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. Summit, t. and p. v., Waukesha co., U'iV. ; 57 m. R Madison. Drained by branches of Rock and Fox creeks, and it has several ponds, which, with the streams, afford excellent water-power, and there are several mills. Surface level, and well wooded ; soil fertile. The v. is centrally situated. Fop. of t. 1,003. Summit Bbioge, p. o., Newcastle co., Pfl. : on the Chesa- peake and Delaware Canal, 27 m. N. by W. Dover. At this point there is a bridge over a deep rut in the canal. Summit Hill, p. v. and sta., Carbon co., Penn,: on the S27 SUM SUN Mauch Chunk and Summit Hill R. R., 9 m. TV, Mauch Chunk, and 64 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Coal is found in the vicinity, and the inhabitants of the village are mostly em- ployed in the mines. Pop. 2,501. Summit Mills, p. o., Somerset co., Pe^m. ; 118 m. W.S.W. Harrisbiirg. SiiMMrr Poraxjp.o., Jefferson CO., Tzrg.: 117m. N. by W. Richmond. SuMMiTviLLE, p. V., Lee CO., la. : 77 m. 8. Iowa city. The Dubuque and Keokuk R. R. will pass through this village. ScMMiTviLLE, p. V., MadisoQ county, Ind,: 30 m. N. E. Indianapolis. Sumner county, Tenn. Situate N., and contains 496 sq. ra. Drained by iiflluenls of Cumberland river, which forms its snuihem boundary. Surface rolling; soil, which consists c>f a deep, black m'lld, ia fertile, and well adapted to tobacco and cotton, large quantities of which are produced. Fine crops of wheat and Indian com are raised, and the county is generally rich in agricultural productions. Farms 1,335; manuf. 103; dwell. 2,555. and pop.— wh. 14,511, fr. col. 200, 8l. 8.006— total 22,717. CapiUil: Gallatin. Public Works: Louisville and Nashville R. R. ; Nashville and Cincinnati R, R. SuMXER, t. and p. v., Oxford co.. Me. : 33 m. TV. Augusta. There is a pond in the W. part. Drained by a branch of the Androscoggin r. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and much grain is raised. The t contains several tanneries, mills, etc. East Sumner and West Sumner are the names of villages. Pop. of t. 3,151. SuMNEYTOWN, p. v., Montgomery eo., Pe7in. : on Perkio- man creek, and on line of Upper Saiford and Marlboro' townships, 75 m. E. Ilarrisburg. In the v. is a furnace of 900 tons annual capacity, and a forge making 140 tons blooms and 100 tons bar iron, and powder is manufactured iu the vicinity. Si-MTER county, Ala. Situate "W., and contains 963 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Torabigbee river and its W. fork. Surface hilly, and partly broken ; soil iu general fertile. On the streams are some fine tracts of land very productive, and adapted to cotton and other agricultural productions. Farms C6S ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 1,342, and pop.— wh. 7,369, fr. col. 60, si. U.S31— total 22,250. Capital: Livingston. Public Works: Alabama and Mississippi R. R. Sumter county, Ga. Situate toward the S. W., and con- tains 6S9sq. m. Drained by branches of Flint river. Surface varied ; soil fertile, and very productive. Wheat, Indian corn, and grain, are raised in considerable quantities, but cotton is the staple, tlic land being well adapted to its growth. Apple, pear, and other fruit trees, are grown, and there is some good timber on the land. It contains some mtuerals. Farms 763; manuf. 84; dwell. 1,109, and pop.— wh. 6.469, fr. col. 18, si. 3.S35— total 10,322. Capital: Americus. Piihlic Works : South-Western R. R. Sumter district, S. Car. Situate S. E. centrally, and con- tains 1,391 sq. m. Drained by Black river and its branches, and branches of San tee river. Surface level ; soil moderately fertile, being of a sandy nature. Chief productions rice, cotton, and Indian com. Farms 1,343; manuf. 82; dwell. 1,90S, and pop.— wh. 9,S15, fr. col. 340, si. 23.065— total 83,220. Capital: Sumterville. PuUic Works: Wilmington and Manchester R. R. ; Camden Branch R. R. ; Columbia Branch R. R. Sumter, p. o., Trinity co., Tex. : 161 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. Sumterville, p. v., Sumter co., Ala. : 119 m. W. by N. Montgomery, Sumterville, p. v., Lee CO., 6a. : on a branch of Flint r., 96 m S. S. W. Milledgeville. Sumterville, p. v., Sumter dist., S. Car.: on the Wil- mington and Manchester R. R., 146 m. W. S. W. Wilming- ton (N. C), 4S m. E. by S. Columbia. The "Black River Watchman" and " Sumpter Banner," both democratic, are Issued weekly. S2S Sus, p. 0., St. Tammany parish, La. : 61 m. E. Baton Rouge. Su.vAPRE lake, N. IT. : in the N. W. part of Merrimac co.^ and the E. part of Sullivan county, in the towns of Sunapee, New London, and Newl>ury, 9 m. long, and aimut IJ m. in width. Its elevation above the sea level is 1,0S0 feet, and the descent of its outlet, Sligar river, to the Connecticut, ia very rapid. SuxBURY, p. v., Livingston county, III.: 97 m. N. E. Springfield. SuNBURY. p. v., Delaware county, Ohio. : on Walnut cr., 21 m. N. Columbus. It contains several stores, workshops, and is a thriving village. SuNBURT, p. v.. Gates co., N. Car.: on the E. side of Bennett's cr., 121 m. N. E. Raleigh. SuNBUEY, p. b., and cap. Northumberland co., Penn. : on theE. bank of the Susquehanna r., below the confluence of ita N. and W. branches, at Northumberland, 44 m. N. Harris- burg. Its location is on a broad plain, in the township of Augusta. The Pennsylvania Canal is carried across the river by a basin created by the Shamokin dam, 2,7S3 feet long, a short distance below the t. nearly a mile in width. A railroad connects Sunbury with the Shamokin coal mines, 19 miles E., and Sunbury will be an important point on the line of railroads from the Delaware to Lake Erie, now in progress of construction. A bridge across the N. branch of the Susquehanna connects the town with Northumberland It contains a court-house and county offices of brick, a jail built of stone, and several churches. Coal, iron, and iime stone are abundant in the vicinity, and there are some manufachires in the v. The " S. American," " S. Gazette," and the " Deutscher Americaner" are issued weekly. Pop. of 1. 1,219. SuNcooK, p. v., Merrimac co., N. ITamp. : on the W. side of Suncook r., near its junction with the Merrimac, and on the Portsmouth and Concord R. R., 40 m. W. by M. Porta mouth, and 7 m. S. E. from Concord. It contains some light manufactures. Suncook river, Al ITamp. : rises in several ponds between Gilmant*^n and Guilford, near the summit of one of the Sun- cook mountains, elevated 900 feet above its base. It flows in S. W. direction, and empties into the Merrimac, in the town of Allerstown. Sunday Creek Cross Roads, p. o.. Perry co., Ohio : near a cr. so called, 54 m. S. E. Columbus. Sunderland, t and p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : on tho E. side of the Connecticut r., 79 m. W. by N. Boston. Sur- face along the river is level, back of which it i> mountaiu- ous; soil fertile. This is chiefly a farming town. The v. is built upon one street running parallel with the r, and con- tains several churches and some handsome dwellings. A bridge here crosses the river. Mount Toby lies partly in Sunderland, and partly in Leverelt. Pop. of L 792. Sunderland, t. an-i>'8 sta., Diuwiddio co., Virg. : on South Side E. E., 10 m. W. Petersburg, 42 m. from Burkville. Sutherland Springs, p. o., Bexar county, Tex. Suttee county, Calif. Situate centrally, and chiefly be- tween the forks of the Sacramento and Feather rivers, and contains 760 sq. m. Surface diversified, and in the N. are several high hills called Buttea. The portion of the county S. E. of Feather river contains the important towns of Ver- non, Oro, and Nicholas, which are noted for their mineral wealth, and also for their commercial positions. Springfield, opposite Tremont, and Tuba City, opposite the mouth of Yuba r., are also considerable places. It is a rich mining region, and has been very productive. The quantity of land under cultivation in 1352 was only 1,401 acres, and in gene- ral little attention is here paid to any agricultural operations, pop. at the date specified 1,207 ; whites 675— males 590. and females S5; negroes 11— males 3, and females 3; Indians 514 — males 262, and females 252 ; and foreign residents 10— males 7, and females 8 ; above 21 years old — citizens 527, negroL's 11, Indians 314, and foreigners 10. Capital : Oro. SuTTEKsni.LE, v., Sacramento county, Calif. : on the left bank of Sacramento r., about 8 m, S. Sacramento City, 48 m. N. E. Yailejo. SuTTOX, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 89 m. W. S. W. Boston. Surface hilly ; soil productive. Drained 880 by Blackstone river, which affords water-power, and along which passes the Blackstone Canal in ils N. part. Tho Providence and Worcester R. R. touches on ita N. border, 35 m. from Providence, 3 m. from Worcester. Soapstone and granite are found. The t. contains 5 churches, several cottcm factories, with some other mills. Pop. of L 2,595. SriTON, t. and p. v., Merrimac county, iV". Jlayy^p. : 23 ra. N. W. by N. Concord. Surface uneven ; soil various. Watered by Warner r. and branches, which afford water- power. The town contains tanneries and saw-mills. Pop. of I 1,3S7. SuTTox, t, and p. v., Caledonia co.. Verm,. : 89 m. N. E. by N. Montpelier. Surface mostly level much of it low and wet. Watered by branches of Passumpsic river. A pond in its N. W. corner covers 200 acres. There are several bogs of marl in the town. Pop. of 1. 1,001. Sutton's Mili^, p. o. and sta., Essex county, Mass.: on Essex R. R., 1 m. from Lawrence, 20 m. from Salem. SuwANE, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga.: on a branch of Shal- low fork of Chattahoochee r., $1 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Suwannee river, Flor. : rises in Okefinokee Swamp in Georgia, fiows S., then W., receives the Allapahaw from tho N., and the Witlilacoochee from the N. W., then flows S. and S. E., receives the Santa F6 from the E., and thence flows in southerly course until it empties into Waksase bay of Gulf of Mexico, which it enters by numerous shallow channels. The bar at its mouth has not more than 5 feet water, but above that it has 15 feet for 55 miles. Its bed is rocky, and in some plaj^es ila banks are 100 feet high of per- pendicular granite rock, Suwannee Shoals, p. o., Columbia CO., Fhr. : 99 m. W. Tallahassee. SwAiNSBOKO', p. v., and cap. Emanuel county, Ga.: on a branch of the Great Ohoopee r., 61 m. E. S. E. Milledgeville. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. S WAINS VI i.i.R, sta., Wyoming co., ^. Y.: on the Buffalo and New York E. E., 69 m. E. S. E. Buffalo, 218 m. W Albany. Swallow falls. Alleghany county, Md. : these falls of the Youghiogeuy r. occur near the mouth of Hendom cr., in the 9. W. part of the county. The general elevation of the country in the vicinity is 2,390 feet above tide-water. SwAMPSCOTT, p. 0., Essex CO., Mass. Swan, p. v.. Noble co., Ind. : at the source of Black cr., 114 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Swan, t and p. o-, Vinton county, Oliio: 49 m. S. E. Columbus. Raccoon cr. flows through the t., affording ex- cellent mill privileges. Surface much broken; soil fertile. Pop. 1,154. Swan Creek, p. v., Warren co., HI. : near the West fork of Spoon r., SO m. N. W. Springfield. Swan Ckeek, p. o., Warren county, ^y.; 119 m. S. W, Frankfort. Swan Creek, p. c, Gallia county, Ohio: 83 m. 8. 8. E. Columbus. Swancet'8 Ferry, p. o., Abbeville dist, S- Car.: 97 m. W. Columbia. SwANGSTowN, p. v., Cleveland connty, ^. Car. : on the right bank of Buffalo cr., 151 ra. W. S. W. Raleigh. Swan Lake, p. o., Arkansas county, Ark. : 60 m. S. E. Little Rock. Swannano, p. v.. Buncombe co., K Car. : on a branch of French Broad r., 205 m. W. Raleigh. Swan Point, p. o., Knox county, Kf/. : 109 m. S. S. E Frank for U Swan Quakteb.p. v., and cap. Hyde co., JV, Oar. : 123 m. E. by S. Raleigh, and contains a courtrhouse and other county buildings. Swan River (or Arthur'^s Ferry), p. o., Benton co., Minn. Ter. : 107 m. N. N.W. St. Paul. The ferry at this point is one well known, and is held by one of the oldest traders and pioneers of Minnesota. The settlement contains some 80 families. SWA SYC Swi_ssBOEo', p. v., Onslow co., N. Car. : on "W. sule of the estuary ofWhiltock r., and opposite Bogue inlet, 105 m. S. K. lialeigli. SwANSET, L and p. v., Bristol co., Mam. : 45 m. 9. by AV. Boston. Mount Hope bay st'ls up into its S. part by two inlets, on one of wliich stands a small v. which has sonic navigation and ship-building. The t was incorporated in 1667, and is noted for having been the t. in which King Philip's Indian War commenced on June 20th, 16T5. In the I. are several tanneries, paper and other mills. Pop. of t. 1,554. Swan's Island, t. and p. v., Hancock co., Me.: 67 m. E. by S. Augusta. Pop. of t. 423. Sw ANSON \TLiE, p. 0., Pittsylvania co,, Tlrg. : 116 m.S.'W. Kichmond. SwANTON, t. and p. o., Lucas co., O?iio : 113 m. N. N. W. Columbus. The railroad from Sandusky City to Fort "Wayne will pass through this town. Sw ANTON, v., Alleghany co., Md. : on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio K. E., 221 m. from Baltimore by rail- road, and 14;3 m. "W. N. "W. Annapolis direct. Elevation, 2,272 feet above tide-water. SwANTON, t. and p. v., Franklin co., Venn. : on the E. sitle of Lake Champlain, 66 m. (by railroad) N. W. Mont- pelier. Drained by Missisqui r.,which is navigable for lake vessels to Swanton Falls, six miles up. These falls have a descent of twenty feet, from which are derived extensive hydraulic power. Bog-iron ore is found here, and there is an excellent quality of variegated marble quarried and ex- tensively exported. The surface and soil of the t. are well adapted to agricultural pursuits, with the exception of a por- tion bordering on the lake. The v. is located at the falls, and is the site of several manufactories, and of increasing trade. The Vermont Central K. K. passes through the v. 13 m. S. E. Itouse's Point (N. Y.) Pop. of t 2,S21. Swanton Centre, p. o., Franklin county, Verm. : 67 m. N. W. Montpelier. SwANviLLE, t. and p. v., Waldo co., M^.: 43 m. E. by N. Augusta. Drained by the outlet of a pond in the N. part, emi)tying into Bellasl bay. Surface even ; soil fertile. The village is located in the N. part. Pop. of t. 944. SwANTiLLE, p. o., Jcfferson county, J?iy an elevated and beautiful tract of timber, from which it derives its name. Tabo, p. 0., La Fayette county, Mo.: 96 m. W. N. "W. Jefferson City. Tabor, p. o., Tuscarawas county, Ohio: 83 m. E. N, E Columbus. TAG r>*2 III, N. sitle of . N. by E. .■ 61 m. N. Tacaluciie. p. o., M:vrshaU county, j)//«. ■• " branch of Tippali cr.. 109 ni. N. by E. Jaclisnn, Taciioiia, p. o., Muniuelle co. Maiiison Tackett's Mill, p. o,, .Slafford county, rirff. Eicliinond. Tacoa, p. o., Gilmer county river 144 in. N. N. W. MillcJgeville. Taconv, Bla., riiiladclphia co., Pmi. ■ on H.^Iaware r., and iKc Trculon K. C, S inilca N. E. Piiil.-olflpliia Tajton. p. v.. Pike CO., I'mn Windsor county, Verm. : 4S ni Ra. ; on \V. side of Tacoa ■ 123 in. N. E. Ilarrisbursr. p. v., county, CoUIllic! iV'. v.; 40 m. . K. .Taelison. Tafisville, Montpelicr. Taoiikanio. t. and p. o., CoUimhia co. All>any Surl'ac'c liilly and mountainous ; soil very fertile m the valleys. Drained by Copake cr. The t. contains a few mills of dilferent liinds. Pop. of t. 1.540. Taoukanic incamlains, .V. l". ; a ransc in the E. part of the State, near the Hlate line, commencing in Kensselaer an.l extending throush Columbia and Duchess T'hey ore ptirtly in Massacliuselts, and have their highest sunlinils in Sluffiel.l, about 8,IIU0 feet above tide-wa- ter. The rauae is about 50 m. long, and is properly a divi- sion of tlie (.irecn Mountains. TAiiLEytiAii, p. v., and cap. Cherokee nation, Litl. Ter. : on Illinois r. of the Arkansas, 5o m. N.W.Vau liuren, .1/*. Uero are |,.cau-d the council-house, U. 8. agency, missions, etc., of the Cherokees, and allogether it is a thriving settl.-mcnt. Taiis C.ihek, p. o., Gilmer CO., Ga. : 136 m. N. W. by W. Milledi;eville. Talaiiatau, p. c, Newton CO., Miss. : 68 in. E. by N. Jackson. Talasiia, p. o., Newton co., ifi Taluot couiitv, tfo. Silinile toward the W.. and contains 451 sq. m. Drained by branches of Flint r.. which forms ils E. and N. E. boundary. Surface hilly ; soil ferlile, and is peculiarly adapted to cotton which is produced largely. "Wheat iiiid Indian com are raised in large (luantities, and there is some timber land. Farms 923; n.anuf 46; dwell. l,;!-24, and pop.— wh. 7,793, fr. col. 1,S, si. 8.723— total 16.534. CiipiUd: Talboton. Piihlic Wtirk.i: Muscogee R. P.. Talbot county. Xd. Situate E. toward the N., and con- tains 336 sq. m. Drained by .small streams which How into Choptank r. and the several bays set up from the Chesa- peake. Surface varied ; soil fertile, well adapted to wheat and Inilian corn, the chief productions of the co. Wye r. runs al.'Ug its N. W. border. Farms 793; miimif 35; dwell. 1.751, and pop— wh. 7,(IS0, fr. col. 2,697,81.4,134— total Vi.^W.. Ctipitat: Easton. TALnoTTON. p. v., and cap. Talbot counly, On. : "3 m. W. S. W. Milledgeville. It conlains the county buildings, 2 academies, 2 churclies, etc. Pop. about CilO. Taliafekro county, (it. Situate N. E. centrally, and contains 163 sq. m. Little r. runs through the N. E., by branches of which, and of (Igcechee r. it is drained. Sur- face level or rolling; soil fertile and produces cotton abund- antly, also wheat and Indian corn, and Hue crops of appies. pears, and other fruits. Pine timber is found on the land. Farms 294 ; manuf. 16 ; dwell. 40S. and pop.— wh. 2.051, fr. col. 61, si. 8.014— total 5,146. Capital: Crawfordsville. Public Works: Georgia It. K. TAt.inENELi, p. 0., Pontotoe CO., Miss. : 150 in. N. N. E. Jackson. Talking Rock, p. a, Gilmer CO., (?«. ; 132 m. N. W. by N. Milledgeville. Talladega county, Ala. Situate toward the N. E., and cont.ain3 1.206 sq. m. l^raincd by branches of Coosa river, whieli firms its western boundary, and also by liranches of Tallapoosa r., which traverse its southern portion. Surface level ; soil very fertile. Cotton is the staple, and is proiluced In abundance; wheat and Indian corn are raised in good crops, and there is some excellent pasture, on which large Dumbere of cattle and hogs are fattened. Agriculture is the IS Two ' Flor- T.\L leading pursuit with a large portion id' the population. Farms tl9S ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,S61, and pnp.-wh. 11,61S, fr. col. 35, si. 6,971- total 1S,IV24. Capital: Tallailega. PuIjUc Works: Alabama and Tennessee P.iver R. R. Talladega, p. v., an.l cap. Talladega counly, Ala. : on a small branch of Coosa r., 75 m. N. by E. Montgomery. It contains the county buildings, etc. The" Ahibiima Reporti-r" (whig), and "Democratic Walchtower" (dem.) are issued weekly. The Alabama and Tennessee River E. E. will pass through this place. Pop. about 7liO. Tallahassee, p. city, and cap. Loon county, Flor.: and caiiitiil of the Stole of Florida. Latitude 30° 28' N.; longitude 84° 36' W. from Greenwich. It is situated on a coniiimnding eminence, and is regularly laid out with several public squ.ires. lis settlement was commenced in 1S24, upon ils selection as the Slate capital. The legislature held its first session here in lb2.5, and inconwrated the city. It contains the Stale-house, court-house, V. S. land ofHce, market-house, jail, academy, and three churches, newspiipers are published weekly, " Sentinel," and ' idian and Journal." The Tallahassee mid St. Marks R. R., connecting it wilh Port Leon on Appaluchee b.iy, will be extended N. to Tliomasvilie.Ga., to connect wilh the pro- posed Brunswick and Florida R. R. A good mill-stream flowing from several springs, runs on it.s E. bonier, falls 15 or 16 feet into a pool scooped out by ils own current, and aller running a short distance, sinks into a elea of the lime- stone. In llie winter, it is a place of considerable resort. Pop. in 1650. 1,391. Tai LAUATCiiiE counly. Miss. Situate toward the N. W., and contains S9S sq. in. Drained by Talh.hat.diie r. and ils branches. Surface level ; soil fertile and adapted to cotton, it also is well fltte.l for grain, and makes good p.isture land. (;hief productions, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 232; manuf. 0; dwell. 36S and pop.— wh. 2,096, fr. col. — , si. 2.547— total 4,1543. Capital: Chiirlestim. Tallaloosa, p. o., Marshall counly. Mis.-:.: on S. side of branch of Oka Copasau r., 172 m. N. by E. Jackson. Tallapoosa counly, Ala. Situate toward the E., and conlains 916 sq. m. Tallapoosa r. enters it in the N. E., and flows through the western portion, by which and its branches it is drained. Surface level; soil fertile and adapted to cotton, wheat, and grain, flne crops of which are annually raised. Farms 1,270; manuf. IS; dwell. 2.037, and pop.- wh. 11.611, fr. col. 0, si. 4,073-tolal 15,.'>S4. Capital: Diideville. Pullio Works: Montgomery and West Point Railroad., Tallapoosa, p. o., Greene Co., Ala.: 95 m. W. N. ^. Monlgoinery. Tallapoosa, p. o., Carroll co., ffahoga Falls is an exten- sive bed of bituminous coal. Pop. of L 2,456. TAL Tallokab, p. o., Lowndea counly, Ga.: 156 miles 8. Milledgeville. Tallclait, p. v., and cap. Issaquena CO., Mias.: on E- bank of Mississippi r,, C2 m. N. W. by W. Jackson. Tallulah river and falls, Ga.: rises in liabun co. in the N. E. corner of llie State, flows S. E.. separating Kalnin and Habersham counties, and unites with the Chatuga to form the Ttigalon, one of the two head streams of the Savannah r. The falls are not tiroad, but liave a great descent, and pre- sent a most romantic and delichtful appearance. Tallt-Ho, p. o., Granville county. A' Car. : 30 ni. N. Raleigh. Talofa, p. o., Madison county, Flat:: 6S m. E. S. E. Tallahassee. Tama county, Ta. Situate centrally, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by Iowa r. and its branches, and adluenls of Cedar r. Surface undulating and diversified; soil fertile, an.1 adapted to wheat, grain, and other agricultural produc- tions; it is also favorable to the cultivation of fruit. Tine and other timber is found on the land. Farms ; manuf, ; dwell. 1. and pop.— wh. S, fr. col. n— total 8. Capita!: — TAMAtiUA, J), b. and sla., Schuylkill co.. Pena. : on Little Schuylkill river and E. K,, 20 m. from Port Clinton, 5S m. N. E. Il.arrisburg. It was founded in 1S20. It is surrounded by a wild, mountainous, and sterile country, but abounding with excellent anthracite coal, the trade in which constitutes almost the entire business of the place. The following are the statistics of this trade for the year ending 30th June, 1860: Coal Operator.. .^^P'^^ "J^^J'}' ^^^Tul ^''^"■ J & E. Carter .... 113.000 .... $4,600 .... $75.000 . . . .$102,500 Heaton & Carter. 5,500.... 600.... 8,400 .... 120,1100 E. Ealcliffe & Co. 10,000.... 1,400.... 20,000.... 80,000 Wm. Donaldson. 3,000 1,200 20,000 80,000 Jas. Taggart 6,000.... 1,800.... 14,000.... 21,000 The "Tamaqua Legion" (neut) is issued weekly. Fop. about 600. TAMAtiAWA, p. v., Monroe CO., lU. : on W. bank of Kas- kaskia r., 104 m. 9. by W. Springfield. Tampa, p. v.. and cap. Hillsboro' county, Flor.: at the head of Tampa bay, 209 ra. S. E. by S. Tallahassee. Here is Fort Brooke, garrisoned by U. S. Artillery. Tampa bay, F/vr. : is the largest bay in the Gulf of Mexico. It sets up N. E. from the gulf iuto the N. part of Hillsboro' CO., is about 40 m. long, and i.i one place 35 m. wide. It is easy of access, has 15 to 20 feet of water on the bar, and affords safe anchorage. It receives five small creeks. LitUe Tampa bay, in iLs X. part, is 10 m. wide, but very shallow. Tampa bay abounds wilh fish and water fowls, and has several islands at its mouth. Tampico, p. o., Oktibbeha co., J/ms. .- on S. side of Oka Tibbyhah r., 119 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. Tampico, p. o., Darke co., Ohio: 84 ra. W. Columbus. Tampico, p. o., Grainger co., Tenn. : 177 m. E. Nashville. TAMW0P.TII, t. and p. o., Carroll co., N. //amp. : 45 ni. N. by E. Concord. Drained by Bearcamp r. and branches, flowing into 0.s.sipee lake, and afTording water-power to several saw-mills. The interests of the t. arc chiefly agri- cultural. Pop. of 1. 1,766. Tamwortii Iros-Work3, P.O., Carroll co., X. Uamp.: 46 m. N. by E. Concord. Tanev county. Mo. Situate S. toward the W.. and con- tains 1,071 sq. m. Drained by "White r. and its tributaries, Bull, Swan, and Big and Little Beaver creeks. Surface level : soil in general fertile, and adapted to the culture of ^iieat, grain, cotton, and tobacco. It is well-timbered and has excellent pasturage. Farms 509 ; manuf ; dwell. 6S0, and pop,— wh. 4,2T4, fr. col. 0, si. 99— total 4,873. Capital : Forsyth. Taney, p. o., 'Washington CO., Ark. : 125 m. N. W. by W. UtUe Enek. Taneytown, p. v., Carroll co., Md. : 38 m. E. by 3. An- 634 TAR napolis. It ooniains several mills and iron-works. Pop. 279 (363 wh., 10 fr. col.). ' Tanryville, p. o., Lycoming co., Penn. : 72 m. N. by W. Ilarrisburg. Tanoapua, p. o., St. Helena parish. La.: 48 ra. E. N. E. Balon Eouge. Tascirr sound, Md. : in Chesapeake bay, off Somerset county, 24 m. long. G to 10 m. wide. 11 eoiuains numerous islands, and receives several rivers. Tanner's Cross Eoadb, p. o., Jackson co., Virg.: 243 m. ■VV. N. W. r.ichmond. Tannek'6 Store, p. c, Mecklenburg co., Virg. : 72 m. S. W. Richmond. Tanneisville, p. v., Greene CO., K. Y. : 43 m. S. "W. by S. Albany. TASNERsvn.i,E, p. v., MonroB co., Penn.: on E. bank of a creek of Delaware r., 93 m. N. E. by E. Ilarrisburg. Taos counly, K. Jfer. Occupies a Large territory in the N. E., extending from 103° to 107° "W. long., and between 36° and 8S° N. laU Surface generally mountainous, wilh large valleys, through which traverse the Itio Grande, etc., and from the E. slope of the mountains flow tributaries of the Arkansas, Canadi.an, and other large rivers. It is rich in minerals, as gold, silver, and iron, and in the Eatore Mountains bituminous coal exists. Farms G.'il ; manuf. 13 ; dwell. 2.214, and pop.— wh. 9,607, fr. col. 0— total 9,507. Capital: Taos. Taos, p. v.. Cole county, Mo. : 7 m. S. E. bv E. Jefferson City. Taos, p. v., and cap. Taos co., K. Mux. : on a small tribu- tary of the Eio Grande, 65 m. N. by E. Santa Fe. It con- tains a Catholic church and school. Taplevville, p. 0., Essex co., Mass.: 20 m, N. by E. Boston. Tappahasnock, p. v., port of entry, and cap. Essex co., Virff. : on S. "W. side of Eappahannock r.. about 50 m. frrnu its entrance into Chesapeake bay, 43 m. N. E. by E. Itich- mond. Its site is low and unhealthy. It contains the co. buildings, a church, and female seminary. It has a g-'od harbor. The total tonnage of Tappabannock district on SOlh June, 1850, was 5,824 tons. The registered tonnage amounted to 603 tons (172 tons permanent, and 831 loas temporary). The enrolled and licensed tonnage amounted to 5,.321 tons, consisting of 4.975 tons permanent, }^46 tons "licensed under 20 Ions," all of which was employed in the coasting trade. During the year preceding, the number of clearances for foreign countries was 7 — 802 Ions; number of entrances do., 7 — 718 tons ; and one schooner was built — 43 tons. Tappan, Harrison co., Ohio : 103 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Tappan bay, A: V. : is an expansion of Hudson river, between Eockland and Westchester counties, lira, long, 3J m. wide, terminating near Piermont, 24 m. above New York. Tappanto'wn, p. v., Eockland co.. Al V. : 2 m. "W. of Hudson r., 108 m. S. .Mbany. It contains 2 churches, a few stores, etc. Major .\ndre was here executed, Oct 2, 1780, and buried in the vicinit.v. In 1S3I his remains were disin- terred, removed to England, and interred in Westminster Abbey. Tar river, y. Ctir. : rises in Person county, and flows in general course E. S. E. into Pamlico Sound. Below Wash- ington it expands into a wide estuary, commonly called Pamlico r. It receives several streams, of which the prin- cipal is Fishing cr. It is about 180 m. long, and is naviga- ble for small steamboats to Tarboro', and to Washington for vessels drawing 9 feet of water. Takboro', p. v., and cap. Edgecomb county, K. Car. : on W. side of Tar r., 63 m. E. by N. Ealeigh. Small steam- boats ascend the river to this place. It contains the court- house, etc., an academy, ami a branch of the Bank of State of North Carolina, with capital of $160,000. Population about 700. TAR TAY Tardvville, p. o., Pontutoc co., Mini*:: 1U2 m. N. N. E. Jackson. Tarentfm, p. v., Alleghany oo,, Peun.: on N. W. side of Allfghnny r., 147 m. W. hy N. Harrisburg. The AVl-sI- em Division of Peiinsjlvania, Canal passes through, 19 m N. K. from Pilt-stmri;. IN. p. SuH. Tariff, p. o,, Butler co., Ohio: on E. side of branch ol Miami r.. UK) m. S. 'W. by W. Columbus. Tarh-fvii.i.e, p. V. nntl sta.. Ilarlfir-i comity. Conn.: on Farmington r., 12 m. N. N. W. Ilartf-ir-l, ami on Uie NfW Haven and Northampton li. II., 40 m. from Nl-w Haven It contains the large carpel facl<»ries of iht* Tariff MaimHic- turino: Co., which employs a capital of $;jUit,000 in this business. Tarkio. p. o.. Hi)Jt CO.. ^^o. : on W. bank of Bi^: Tarkio cr., a tributary of tUc Missouri, 21(1 m. N. W. by W. Jefft-r- Bon City. Taiilton, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio: on E. side of Sail cr., SO m, S. 8. E. Columbus, It contains 3 clmrcla'S, severul stores, etc. Pop. about -150. Tarpal'lin" cove, Jfiss.: on S. E. side of Naushon island, in Vineyard Sraiiied by aflluents of Nodaway and La Platte rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Farms 27; nuinuf. 0; dwell. 3S, and pop.— wh. 204, fr. col. 0— total 204. Oi/ntal : Taylor C. H. Taylor ci-unty, A'y. Situate centrally, and contains 20S sq. m. Drained by aflluents of Green river. Surface undu- lating; soil fertile, and adajited to grain and grazing. Chief productions tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, and some cotton and sugar. Farms 04S; manuf. 22; dwell. 971, and pop.— wh. 5,403, fr. col. 147, si. 1,640— total 7,350. Capital: CampbellsvOIe. Taylor county, Virg., was erected in 1S44 from B.irbonr, Harrison, and Preston. Situate N. W., and contains 214 sq. m. Drained by Monongabela river, which passes through. Surface hilly and much broken; soil in some parts very fertile, best adapted to grazing. Chief products wheat, Indian corn, etc. Farms 510; manuf. 19; dwell. SIS. and pop.— wb. 5,180, fr. col. 60, si. 1G3— total ,5,367. Capital: Prunty Town. Puhlic Worhs : Baltimore and Ohio E. R.; North Western R. K. Taylor, p. o., Corllandt co., N. Y. : 123 m. W. Albany. Taylor, p. o., St. Charles parish, La. : GO m. S. E. Baton Rouge. Taylor, p. o., Harford county, Mj. : on N. aide of Salt river, at junction of Brashear's creek, 29 miles W. S. "W. Frankfort. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. Taylorsville, p. o., Montgomery county, 07/io; 69 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Taylorsville, p. v., Clinton co., Ind.: 43 m. N. N. "W. Indianapolis. Tavlorsvillr, p. v., Bucks co.. Penn. : on TV. side of Delaware r., and on the Delaware Division of the Pennsyl- vania Canal, 106 m. E. llarrisburg. Tayloksville, p. v., and cap. Johnson co., Tenn.: on W. side of Roan's cr*>ek. 273 m. E. by N. Nashville. It con- tains a courl-house, jail, etc. Taylorsville. p. v., Anne Annidcl co., Md,: on the TV. side of the \V. branch of Patuxent r., 4 m. N. W. of Upper Marlboro', and 126 m. S. W. Annapolis. Tayloksville, p. o., Ontario county, 3'. 3'. ; 1S5 miles W- Albany. Taylorsville. p. v., Oakland co., Mich. : 53 ra. E. by S. Lansing. Taylorsth-lr, p. v., and cap. Hanover co,, Yivg.: at jnnetinn of Newfound and South Anna rivers, 20 m. N. Richmond. The Kichmond, Frederickburg, and Potomac K. K. passes througb this place, 110 m. S. by "VV. from "Washington (I). C.) Taylorsville, Patrick co., Tli-g.: {Me Patrick C IT.) Taylorsville. p. v.. Smith co., Miss.: on E. aide of Leaf r., 56 m. S. E. by E. Jackson. Taylorsville, p. v. Madison county, Giu: 73 m. N. Millcdgeville. Taylouton, p. v., "Wayne co., 3/iw. .• 4 m. "W. of Cuck- atuna cr., 102 m. E. by S. Jackson. Taylorville, p. v.. and cap. Alexander co., K. Car. : 182 m. W. by N. Raleigh. Taylorville. v. and sla., Bartliolomew co., Ind. : on the Jeffersonville R. R.. 73 ra. N. by W. Jeffcrsonville, 34 m. S. by E. Indianapolis. Tazewell county, Yirg. Situate S. "W., and contains 1,056 sq, m. Drained by head waters of Clinch and IIol- , ston rivers. Tug fork of Sandy r. and its branches, and tributaries of Great Kanawha r. Surface elevated and I somewhat mountainous; soil moderately fertile, adapted to . grain and grass. Chief products, wheat, Imlian corn, and potatoes. Farms 726 ; manuf. 12 ; dwell. 1,449, and pop.— wh. 8.S117, fr. col. 75, si. 1,060— total ^,^V1. CupiUil: Taze- well c. n. Tazewell county, PI Situate N. centrally, and contains _^ TEL 704 sq. m. Illinois r. runs on its N. W. border, by branches of which and Sangamon r.. and also by Mackinaw cr., it ia drained. Surface undulating and diversified : soil fenile, of a 8an. fr. rol. 0, si. 930— total 2.1-20. C'ipital : Jm-kaunvillL'. "W'. siilo nf I)ratich of SavannaU river, 89 miles W. by N. PuhHc 'Woik.s: Savnnnah any N. llnsion. Drained by branches of Miller's and TEi.o(iA SpiiiNGS, p. o., Chatooga co., Go. : 1G5 ni. N. W. Cbii.'oj)ei' rivers. Surface uneven — the elevated parts aranrh of maiiufaetures consist of woolens, leather, furniing imple- Sau Peiiro r., 22 m. S. "W. Muunt Bernardino and oiJT ni. mmls. carriages, wnoden-ware, etc. The Vermont and S. E. Valb-jo. ! MassachiiSL'tla R. R. crosses the N, E. part of ihe town. Ti:mi'F.ra\cf,. p. o., Telfair co., Ga. : on E. si'ie of Oc- The vibaice is pleasantly located on a branch of Miller's r. mnli^ee r.. 84 m. S. Milledgeville. i Pop. of t. 2.173. Tempf.ranck, p. o., Ainlierst counly, IVr;/. ,■ 95 m. AV. [ Tkmfleton, p. v.. Prince George eo., Mrff. : 30 m. S. E. P.ieliinoiid. I Richmond. TEMfERANCE Hali., p. o., Dc Kalb comity, Teni/. : 51 m. ' Tkmpleville, p. v., Queen Anne co.. J/./. .- near the Dei- E. by ^. Nashvdie. aware State line. 39 m. E. by N. Annapohs. TEMi'ERANrKviLi.E, p. o., Alleghany co., Penn. : 142 m. ! Tenallvtows, p. o., Washington co.. A i^ Cnl.: on the W. by N. IIarrisi)urg. ! Georgetown and Frederick road, 2 ra. N. from Georgetowu, Temperancevili-E, p. v., lielmont county, Ohio: lOJ m. and 5 ni. X. W. from the Capilol. E. I)y N. Columbus. I Ten Mile. p. o., Wasbinglou co., Penn. : on cr. of same Temple, t. and p. v., Iliilsboro' county, y. ITamji. : 32 m. name, 1G7 m. W. Ilarrislnirg. S. W. Concord. Drained bv branches of Souhegan r , Ten Mile, p. o., Macon co.. M' imd l:P 2(J' west from Washington, and between the latitudes 35° and 30° 35' north. From Xorih C;irolina it is separated chiefly by the Alleghanies. Its area is computed at 45,600 square miles. Tennessee is perhaps more diversified in the character of its surface than any other of (lie central Slates. In the oast, mouTiiain prevails, and in this section the country is traversed in a north and south dirjclJon by several ridges of ihe Appalachian chain, and in its topography presents much picturesijiie au. Capilalii, C.iuiiliM. Dwell. Pop. Farms in cult. Mann KstHt Cnpitala. Bedford 2,754 . . 21,512 . 936 . 23. . Shelbyvillo Dickson 1,080 . . 8.404. . 467 . 14. Chnrlotlo Cannon 1.326 . . 9.932 . 877. 7 . . "U'ooilbury I)c Kalb.... 1,247 . 8,016 . . 717 . 24. Smilhville CoflTee 1,179 . . S.S5I . 485 . 19 . Mancliester Fentress 707 . 4.45t . . 499 . 5. ■Tamestinva Davidson ... 4,257 . . 38,8S1 . .1,343. 109. . NASIlVItLE Franklin 1,6.33 . 13,763 , .1,015 . 67. Winchester * llie fulluvring etatiatics nre from Hunt's " Mercbants' Magazine" for May. llshS. N niher Pro^lwrts. Value of Capital Haix! s Employed. of Works. IS'l. Protiiicts. vested. Wliites.^- ■-^ ..\egroe3. lis metal 1,560 9 30 .. 10.'^) .. 1.700 ... UfiW '" 20O .. 90 .. ,3U5 .. 4:'-,ooo 2 2r.,000 ... HO Tol.ll S1.67J,000 .... $I,ilti,>00 ... 1.910 TENNESSEE. dlDPLE TENNKaSEE— 32 COUntiCS— [c ontintif'T]. Counties, Dwell. r„p. Fiinns ■n full. Mb.iu '"■ CiMt,!,. Ci, unties. Dwell. r„p. rnrma iu i-nlt. Mannf Et.tHb Capilnls Giles . 2,,S3ll . . 2.';.949 .2,075 .139. . Pulaski Overton ... .. 1,673 . .11.211 . 929 . 9 . . Monroe GrLiudy . 4:i5 . 2,778 . 2113 . 2 . AllaUKint Uolterlson . .. 1.9II6. . 16,1.15 .1,063 . 63. Si)riiii!:fleld nickman . l.'.'tW . . 9,397 . 77.S . 40. . C\-n[rL-\ilie Uutlierlord. . . 2.^95 . . 29,122 .1.507 . 41 . Murfreesboro' IIuinplirL-ys . . 919 . 6,422 . 679 . 40 . WavL-rly Smith . . 2.422 . . 1S.412 .1,310 . 82. Carthage •Tiicksrm . 2..".2o . . 15.673' .1,211 . 4. . Gaitifshoro' Stewart .. I,2i5. . 9,719 . 936 . S3. . Dover LawfL'uce... . l,:!i;4 . . 9.2S0 . .993 . 43. . Lawrciu'fburg Sumner . . 2.,'.55 . . 22,717 .1,835 .103. Gallatin Ll^wjs . 593 . 4,433 . 394 . IS. . llamp.-^hire Van Ijiireil . . . 404 . . 2,674 . 192 . 5. . Spencer LiiK'ohi 3,mo. . 23.492 . .1.920 . .100 . . KayoltL-ville Wjtrren ..1,3S7. 10,179 . . 615. . 0. M'Minnville Mhcou . 1,1144 . (i,94S . 782 . 8. . La r'ayt'tte Wiiyue . . . . .. 1.216. . 8.170 . 689 . 10. Waynesboro' Marshall.... '-MiBl . . 15,016. .1,032 . . 3S. . Lewislmrg White .. 1.706 . . 11,444 .1,341 . 22. . Sparta Maury •.>,S01 . . 29,520 .1.501 .112 . C'llimibia "Williamson. . . 2..V.4 . . 27,201 .LS-iS . 64. . Franklin Moulgouicry . 2,1)86 . 21,045 .1,227 . 59. . Clarksville Wilson .... .. 3,411. . 27,444 .1,988 . . 86. Lebauon. Westekn Tennessee— 19 counties. Counties. Dwell. P.,p. Farms lit. nil. M.nn. Efr.a '■ OapHali. Ciuinlies. Divell. Pop. Fnrmi m cult. Manu Esl.,1, Capitals, Benton 9S4. . 6,315 . . 706 . . 2. . Camden Henry . 2,245 . 18.233 .1,478 . . 61. Paris Carroll 2,105 . 15,967 . .1,404 . . 24. . Huntingdon Lauderdale. .. IJOS . 5,169 . . 287. . 4. Kipley Decatur . 9«. . 6,003 . 443 . 15. . Deealurville Madison . .. . 2,282 . 21,470 . .1,403. . 49. Jacksoa Dvcr 824. . 6.861 . . 615. 7 . Dversbur* M'Nairy.... .. 1,S95 . 12.S14 . .1,379 . . 33. Purdy Favettc 1.951 . . 26,719 . .1.172 . . 29. . Sonierville Obion .. 1,131 . 7,633 . . 653 . a. Troy Gibson 2,529 . l9,5iS . .2,160 . . 4S . . Trenton Perry .. 927. . 5,822 :S. . 4. Linden Hetirk-rson.. l.TOS . 13.164 . . 978 . . 25. . Lexington Shelby . 2,926 . 31,167 . .129. Ealeigh Havwood . . . 1,454. . 17,2.i9 . . 961 . . 13. . Brown3\'ille Tipton .. SI3 . S,SS7 . 631 . 10. . Covington Ilar'Ieman .. 1,T35 . . lT.4o6 . .1,027 . . 64. . Holiv.ar Weakley... . 1,945 . 14,6US . .1,407 . 13. Dresden Uardin . 1,603 . . 10,323 . . 690 . . 19. . Savannah The whole number of dwellings in the Slate was. at the above date. 129.420 ; of families, 130,005 : and of inhabitants, 1,002.625; viz., whites 756,893— males 382,270, and females 374,623; fr. col. 0,271— nitiles 3,ii72, and females 3,!9'9, and ■ si. 239.461. Of the whole population there were, (/eaf and dumb — wh. .335, fr. col. 2, si. 40— total 377 ; Uind — wh. 385, fr. col. 10. si. 73— total 463; t;isini<>— wh. 453. fr. col. 4, si. 21— total 478; and WiVf'e- wh. 789, fr. col. 4, si. 01— total 854. The number of frA persons born in the United States was 755,655, the number of foreign birth 5,740, and of birth un- known 1.759. The yiative population orii^inated as follows: Maine 97, N. Hainp. 04, Verm. 179, Mass. 331, It. I. 83, Cojm. 261, N. York 1,019, N. .Jer. 248, Penn. 2,146, Del. 95, Md. 1.554, Disl. of Col. 101, Virg. 46,631, N. Car. 72,027, S. Car. 15,197, Oa. 4,80:}, Flor. 369, Ala. 6,393, Miss. 2.137, La. 261, Tex. 100, Ark. 490, Tenne-isee 585,084, Ky. 12,069, Ohio 742, Mich. 7, Ind. 769, 111. 872, Mo. 920, la. 30, Wise. 8, Calif. 0, Territories 2; and Ihe fon-ign population was com- posed of persons from— England 706, Ireland 2,640, Scotland 327, Wales 17, Germany 1,168, France 245, Spain 3, Portugal 2, Belgium 4. Holland 57, Italy 69, Austria 10, Switzerland 206, liiissia 9, Denmark 8. Norw.ay 0, Sweden 8, Prussia 32, Sardinia 2, Greece 2, China 0, Asia 3, Africa 5, British America 76, Mexico 12, Central America 0, South Atnerica 0, West Indies 20, Sandwich Islands 0, and other countries 59. The following t;d)le will show the decennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by the Untt*;d Slates authorities : Coloreii Persons. Decenniat lniTea,.ie. Census 'Wliito , ' , Total , . , Vears. \ Persons. Free. SJave Tol.il. Foputition. NuinericaL Percent. 1790....'.... 32,013 801 S.41T 3.773 .3."..791 — — 1800. 1810. 1320. 1830. . 91.709 809 13,584 13.893 305,0112. .21.5,876 1.317 44,.W5 4.'),*,')2 201.727. .&39.927 2.779 80,107 82,886 422,813. ..53.5.640 4.655 141,G1>S 146.258 681,904. ISIO 640.627.. 1850 756,893.. .,5.624 18.3.069 188, .0,271 239,401 245, 183........ 829,210. .1,002,725 173,615. . 69,811 19,5.0 .1.56.125 147.3 .161,030 01.5 .269.091 01.2 .147.306 21.6 20.9 The general statistics of the industry. produeU. wealth, and institutions of the State, according to the census returns of 1850, and other official documents referring to the same year, are ,as follows: Orriijiietf /.tiDfii, ftc. — Improved farm lands, 5,175,172 acres, and unimproved attached lands, 13,808.349 acres — valued together at $97,851,212. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 1st June. 1350, was 72,710, of which 21,232 were in Ea.*tern Tennessee, 32 545 in Middle Tennessee, and 18,933 in Western Tennessee. Total value of farming implements and machinery. $5,360,220. Lme-Stocl: — Horses. 270,0;'-6 ; asses and mules. 7.'"i.3n3 ; milch cows. 2."'0.450; work'ng-oxen, 80,2.55; other cattle, 414,051 ; eheep, 811,691 ; and swine, 3,114,111. Tliese numbers, compared with the stock in ISIO, exhibit the following results : Description. Horses Mules and Asses Milch Cows Working Oxen 5-822.851 Other Cattle Sheep T41.593 Swine 2.920,607 ls«. 341,409 head. (•822.! 1 KMt. 270.636 head 75 303 .1.'6 66,2.')5 414.l'5I 811. .'.91 3.114,111 Mo' . Auci'. 4,.'i30 head, or 1.3 per cent ■i •"■■•■^•••^ " \- ( 414.l'5I " I , incr. 69.998 .incr. 187,.504 or 9.0 or 9.4 or 6.4 -the live-stock in 1850 was valued in the aggregtite at $29,973,016. ProducU of An im ah. Wool, 1,304;378 pound",; butter, 3,139,585 pounds • cheese, 177,681 poimds; and the value of anl- S39 TENNESSEE. mills slaughtered was $6,401,785. The wocil crop according to the censuii of 1S4II amounted to 1,000.332 pounds ; and hence the increase exliil>iled in 1S50, is S04.04li pciunils, or 19.2 per cent The product per fleece in 1840, was T2S ounces, and in 1S50, 26.S ounces — increa*(i in protluction 4 ounces per fleece, or 17.6 jjer cent Oniiu ('/■0//.V.— Wheat, 1,C19,SS6 bu>hvls; rye, >9,163 bushels: Indian corn, 52,279.22.'5 bushels; oats, 7.703,086 Inisliels; barley, 2,737 bushels; and buckwheat, 19,427 bushels. Coniparutively, the grain crops returned in 1S40 and ISoO were as {oUuws : CnipB. Wheat 4,.'i09.092 bushels 1 619.3S6 I Kye 804,320 •• 89.163 Indian com 44.9Sl!.lSS " 62,579,223 Oats 7,086.078 " 7,708.086 Barley 4.809 " 2.787 Buctwheat 17,118 " 19,427 ilecr. 2,9.sn,.8nC bu shels, or 64.5 percent. fl^cr. 225,157 ' or 78.9 iuci: 7,298.035 ' or 16.2 " inci: 667,408 ' or 9.4 " rfecr, 2,072 ' or 431 " iiu-r. 2,309 " or 1.3.4 " Oi^erFood O-flps.— Rico, 25S.S54 (in 1340, 7,977) pounds; pe:is nniJ beans. 36D.S-21 bushels : pp of Wl » aniMUiUctl lo l,i)li4 3T0 l>u»hel*, and hence ihe inereiiso iu 1850 was l,9Ji4,190 bushels, or 101.5 per ceuU The culUvation of rice may be said to have been commenced wilhin tho decade. MUcHlnnemis Cr&ps. — Tobacco, 20.14S.932 pounds ; cotton, 194,532 bales of 400 pounds : hay. 74,092 tons : clovcr-secd, 6,096 bushels ; other grass seed, 9,1 IS bushels; liops,l,o;J2 pnuiids ; henii>— dew-rolted 3,913 Ions, ami waler-n>tled 1,183 tons: flax, 867.80? pdumls; flax-seed, 1s>,9ij5 bushels ; silk cooikhis, 1.9J3 pouuds; sugar — uiaple, 15S,55T pounds, and cane, 248 hogsheads nf 1,000 pounds; molasses, 7,'2'23 gallons; beeswax and huiiey, 1.(I3G.572 pounds; wine. '.'2 gallons, etc. The value of orchard products was $02,^94, and of market-garden products $97,133. On comparison with the like pro- ducts of 1S40 the rulluwiug are the results Crupa. 1S^0. \&^0. Muvement. ' Tobacco 29.550.-433 pounds 20,143.932 pounds d^'cr. 9,401,500 pounds, or Sl.S per cent Cotton 37,701.277 " 77,S12,3U0 " hwr. 50,111,523 '* or lSn.9 " Hay 31,233 tons 74.092 tons, incr. 43,S49 Ions or 140.4 " Hemp — dew -rotted... 1 ( 8,913 '* i " water-roiled . . . v S,8i4A tons -j 1,1 S3 " V incr. 4,291,167 pounds, or 57.3 " Flax. .'. ) i 3G7.S07 pounds ) Sugar — maple i (158,557 " ) , - , " cane f 253,073 pounds j 04s OOO " f "'*^'** '^*^'"*^ pounds, or 57.5 " Wine 653gatlons 92 gallons deer. 561 gallons, or S5.9 " Homr-maflfi Jifdnv/iictitres yvere produced in the year ending 1st June, 1350. to the value of $3,137,710. The same class of goods for the census year of 1S40, were valued at $2,336,661. Increase $251,049. or 6.7 per cent. 1 Manuftictures. — Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; vaUie of all raw material, fuel, ete., used and consumed, f $0,000,000 ; bands employed 00,000— males O.HOO, and females 0,000 ; monthly cost of labor $UO,iiOO— male $(tO.O"0. and ■ female $00,000 ; value of the year's products, $0,000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establish nieuls in opera- . lion on the let June, 1850. and producing to the value of $500 and upward annually, was 2,789— in the Kastern District • 941, in the Middle District 1.297. and in the Western District 551, and distributed to the covmtiesof eaeh disirict as exhibit- ed in the general t^ible. Of the aggregate number 33 were cotton factories, 4 woolen factories, 81 iron works — 16 inakiug castings, 23 making pig iron, and 42 making wrought iron — and 894 were tanneries. The total capital employed in man- ufactures, according to the returns of ISiO, amountetl to $3,731,589. CotUm mnnvfitvtures employ a capital of $669,600; consume annu.illy 6.411 bales of cotton, and 8,010 tons of coal, valued at $297,500 ; hands employed 891— males 310, and females 581 ; monlhly cost of labor, $7,124— male $3,892, and fe- male $3,730; pp'ducrs of the year— sheeting, etc.. 863,250 yards, and yarn 2,326.250 pounds; value of eniire products, $510,644. In 1340 there were in the Stale 3S factories, with an aggregate capital amounting to $462,240, employing 1,543 hands, and producing to the annual value of $325,719. TToo/cu 7H 9 Ii.itids. and pnidueins annually 133 547 sid.-s of anle leailier. and 171.324 -si^h-s of ujiper leather. J/ttU and fipiritoii.s Hijutirs iiiiptn) in llieif rnjinufju'tnre ^HG.Vio ; qnaniities and kinds ol fjrain, etc, consumed — barley 3,ed, 159; and whisky and hiieh wines produeed 657,(K)(i {;:ill-.ns. In lS4t) there were reported 1.42(i disiilleri's, iirorhieinii annually l,lu9,107 gallons, ami G breweries, pro- duein;; l.>^35 iralliiMs; li;inils employed 1,341. Jind eapital invesied $2lS.(i-'2. Tennes.see Ims :iNo tarj;e maiiulaeiories of machituTy, hardware, and other metallic ware. briek-yar»)s, tobacco factories, saddlery niariulii'-tories. polleries. p;ip> r-mills, eordafire factories, carriage factories, etc. Grist, saw, flour, and other mills coiiinioii to airriciillnrai States, enipl'-y about one-third the whole capiial invested in maimfactures. The chief manulVie- turini; ccnires are Nashiille, KnoxviMe. M<-niphis, etc, but the preat bulk of the manufactures are distributed among the Villafri'S. and as jel there are no manufaetnrinp towns such as evist in the Kastern Stales. Coinnu'rce and intfriiiil coini>nuiiciiti>m. — Teiitn-ssee has ni> direct forei^rn coinnieree. The internal trade carried on Ihrouiih iis rivers, railromiy, imd oiher cliannels, however, is extensive, and a large amount of produce, ijoods. and mer- chandise is (orrjed to the seabojird at New Orh-ans, Savannah, and Charleston, and nun h of the produce- of the State is brought down the Tennessee and Curiiberland rivers lo the Ohio, and seeks a noribern outlet by wny r»i" ritiisburir and the lakes. The sIiippitiiT owned in the h\ille in 1^.'>0 aiTiounted lu 3.77G tons, all of which w;i9 navi^;iled by sleam-power. The sy.steni of railroads in Tennessee is .as yet but partially completed, but great progress has been made, and a niagnifloent system projected. The centres are Nashville and Knoxville. From Nashville. lines diverge toward every direction — north toward Henderson. Louisville, Cinciimaii, and Maysville, east towar'l Sa\'annah and Charleston, sonlli toward Mobile aTuI New Orleiins and west toward the Mississippi, at Memphis, etc. The great line from Mobile to Cairo also passes tlir»»ugti tliiy S(jiie. From Knoxville. lines also iljverg<' lo Louisville, on the (Hiio. to Richmond on the Atlantic, and to the souihern .\llantic ports. The (Charleston and Memphis Ilallroad is also in part within this Stale, but chiefly in Mississippi and Alabama. Tennessee has no eanals, but several of the rivers have been improved and rendered navigable. The county roatls. turnpikes, etc., are of onlinary cunslruciion. and hitherto have been the oidy available channels of trade t() and from the rivers. They are generally good, and. except in wet weather, answer the present "Ic- mands of the country. The several lines of railroad are detailed in the .\pprndix. B'inks. — On the 1st January, ISol, there were in Tennes'^ee 4 banks and 19 branch banks. The Rank rf Tennessco (head quarters at Nashville) has branches at Athens, Clarksville, Columbia, Ungersville, Stulbyville, Sonnrvtile, S[)arta, and Trenton : the Planters' bank of Tennessee (Nashville) has braneh<'3 at Athens, Clarksville. Franklin, Memphis, and Pulaski ; the Union Bank of Tennessee (Nasluille) has branches at Columbus, Chattanooga, Jackson, Knoxville. :md Memphis ; and the Bank of Kasl Tennessee is located at Knoxville, The condition of the reporting banks at the date specified wa9 as follows: Z/a?/iV/?M<— capital, $G,SS1.563; circulation. $6.^14.376; deposits. $1,917,757: due other l)anks, $G1,G;JS ; anil other liabilities, $10,000 ; and dswAs— loans anrl discounts. $10,992,139 ; stocks, $432,902 ; real estate, $GG2.520 ; due by other banks. $1,659,413; notes of other banks, $7J9.1S6: an-I speeie, $1,45S.T7S. A free banking law has cnue into operation since the above returns were made, and several banks have commenced under its provisions. Oof'cniment — The first constitution of Tenm-ssee was adopted at Knoxville in 1796. and amended at Nashville in 1S^4. The right of s-njfrtrge is secured lo every free male white citizen. 21 years old, resident in the county where he olTera his vote six months next before the election. Kvery man is to be considered white who is a coinpele 80 years of age, a citizen of the United Statis, and a citizen of the Slate for seven years pre- ceding the eleciion. and is chosen by a plurality of votes for t«'o years, but the same person is not eligible for more Iha i six out of every eight years. If the ofllee of Governor become vacant, the Speaker of Ihe Senate, and aller him the Speaker of the House ofKepresentalives, shall act as Governor. The administrative oVl\ceTA are. the Secretary of State, the Treit»"urer, Comptroller of tlie Treasury. Attorney-general, etc. The jndicituy'is vested in a Supreme Court, a Court of CMianeery, and Circuit (VmrLs. The suprem'* court is eonsiiiutcd of three judges, one of whom resides in each of the three grand divisions of the Slate. Judges of this court must be at least 35 years of age. and are elected by joint ballot of the two houses of tlie General .\ssembly fiir 12 years. The court of chancery is presided over by a chancellor, one in each of (he four cliancery dislriets of tin* State. Then- are fourteen circuit courts, also a special criminal court in Pavijr six years ; sherifTs in counties for two years, and registrars for eight years. Amone the provisions of the constitution are the following: No person who denies the being of a Ood or a future state of rewanis and punishments, can h-Wd any office; any person directly or indirectly engaged in a duel shall bo disfiunti- fli-d for office; no fine exceeiling $50 shall be lairond:iy in October, IST'I. the sum of $l,ii04,004 94, and there had been paid out within the same period for all purposes, $0;i8,4yi 25. Excess of receipts over disbursements for the two years, $70,573 69, wliicli, adfled to balances from former years, amount- ing to $1.52. 19s 11, makes the resources of the treasury in October, 1851, $222,771 SO. The receipts have incrcaser bigamy, 4 for arson, and 1 f(»r perjury. Historical .S';i-f'^A.— Tennessee derives its name fVom its principal river. On the division of Carolina into two provinces this country fell to ihe lot of North Carolina. Between 1740 and 1750 the eastern parts of the country were explored, and large grants of land awanlcd for the service. No settlements howevor were made at this lime. At the eoinmeneemont of the French War iu 1754, about fifty families were located on the Cumberland River, but these were driven off by tho 642 Deiioniinn- No. iif Cl.i.rrli Value or Denomina- Ko. of Cliurcli ti»n!< C1itir<]i«t9, Rci'i.ni. Pr.i,.crty Ijons, CIiurecome a source of great wealth lo the conn ry genendly, and linild up within the town a manu- facturing interest equal to the wants of the neighborhtiod. Terre Haute was founded in 1S16: in 1830 it contained 600 inhabitants, in 1840 about 2.000. and in IsVI about 4.9ii0. Terke Haute, p. o., Champaign county, 0/iio: 45 m W. by S. Columbus. Terre Hill, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn. : 47 m. W. S. W Harrisburg. Terre Noik, p. o., Clark county, Ark. : 72 m. S. W Little Rock. Tei:ry, p. o., Carroll county, Tenn.: 90 m. W. by S Nashville.- Tebryville, p. v., Litchfield co., Co7in. : 18 m. W. S- W. Hartford. TEEinvTLLE. p. v., Abbeville dist,, S. Car. : on a creek of Savannah r., SI m. W. C-filunibia. Tekp.vtown, p. v., Bradford co., Penn. : 112 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. TfiTE DE MoET, p. v., Jackson county, la. : 57 m. N. E. Iowa City. Tetersburg, p. v., Tipton co., Jnd.: 43 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Tewkesbury, t and p. v., Middlesex co., Maxs. ; 21 m. N. N. W. Boston. iJndned by Shawsheen r., which flows through the town, ajid by branches of Merrimac and Con- cord rivers. Surface even; soil light and sandy. The vil- lage is on the Salem and Lowell and the Lowell and Law- rence railroads. 5 m. E. Lowell and 7 m. S. W. from Law- rence. I'op. 1.048. Tewockinv Springs, p. o., Limestone co., Tea:: 123 m. N. E. Austin City. Trxana, p. v.. and cap. Jackson co., 7i° 30' N., and longitudes 93° 8o' and 110° west of Greenwich, or lli^ 2S' and 82° 58' from Washington. Its greatest extent north and south is 700 miles, and cast and west 800 miles; but its average extent is much less. The superficies is estimated at 237,321 square miles — an area more than equal to the whole of France, and nearly four limes the area of New England. Texas may be divided into three physical districts or regions of eountr\-. each of which, in many respects, is entirely diflerent. These are the level, the undulating, and the mountainous or hilly; or the lower, miildU-, and upper districts, or, as it may be more convenient, the country may be divided into Eastern, Middle, and Western Texas. Ivastem Texas extends from the Sabine to the Trinity ; Middle Texas from the Trinity to the Colorado, and Western Texas from the Colorado to the Rio Grande del Norte. The le\el region occupies the entire coast, extending from 30 to 60 miles into the interior. The undulating succeeds this, and embraces llie wh()le of the interior and the north, and reaches westward to the mountainous tract, which is disiant 150 to 200 miles from the boundaries of the level lands. The alluvial lands of the several rivers which make into the Gulf are from 8 to 20 miles in breadth, and are heavily timbereil with liveniak, red, black, and white, and other species of oak; with ash, ceilar. peccan. elm. hickory, mulberry, and all other varieties of forest trees and growths common in the ri<'h alluvions of the Mississippi. The cane-brakes are of immense extint in the low country, anti on the Caney Creek may be seen 70 miles long and from 1 to 3 miles wide. Here may be grown cotton, sugar, rice. etc. In the second division are Ihe high, rolling, verdant prairies, the narrow-wi>odcd bt)ttoms. the beautiful inlands of timber, the quick-running streams, the cool, refreshing springs, and the healtld'ul clime of Texas. Here the soil, a little 844 TEXAS. , 7, , , , i..„ I . , f \f,.vi,.„ k, !)>• r.cli i.i soil a..(l climate, to be clothed in coi.slanl verdure, beauldully vancg.ttcd ",riel, i, know,, than o, the Utblclands. Th., region i= sa,d to be intersected by tuany streams .nrnt.lnng water-power, ""v,!;art^\i:i t '::;:r:^'S'.he Ouif or Me^co prese„.s . greater nutnber of commanding harbors, bay. and nde^ la," ,a .iTc^a,. The interior, intersected by ntnnerons tnagniflcent and navigable streatn, n, clo^e vtcmny to ;!;.'« tern , ibn„,ries of the M,ssis„p|,i, and bo.dn.g eu,y eomnmnicat.on w.lh the m.ghly •• ather ot \ a e ' uffs IS a c!. u erc.al no,„io„ very desirable and seldont snr,,asscd. Ued Uiver n.ay be consi.lercd „, part as belong- oTe"r T tJva I re«io,. west ,.1 the monnlains in which ,t rises and through which ,1 rolls ,t. tnrb.d waters, has b e, ve scared y exp'r ed' but It is known to be of great fertm.y and o.' surpassu.g beauly ,. this reg.on has ho Te n em"r:, r'aL \n. cottage and planted his cotton, and his corn, and h,s wheat, wh.ch are borne aWng.h^ c. Tent oTued Kiver to the great marl of the South-west. The chief rivers, those wh.eh are tnore ..r ess nav.g. ble or cn.re, to Kco w ir s (J.dorado, Guadalupe, San .\ntonio,and the Kio l.raude. besides :^r ;;^ ^ o l ^ :::,^:;,n;ude, ..... nav,gable to a considerable eMetU-the Ange,o,a,San.Iac„no, thise, tMtreare.imr=oi I. I,.,,,,,:,, s ,n IJernard Caney, Savidad, Lavacea, and Xueces. T here are no lakes Buflalo Bayou 0>- - and U,o ola e b -. >=. " ,^ J' ^ ', ^ ^n'ear the so'urce, of the Guadalupe, and on some of the ^Imlar^^^U >v I^ T ,U ritll U.at are worthy of the na.ne, and they are lnco„s,dera^e. T., a country so w 7"ater« t te sc cted by rivers so nun.erous and hnportant, and otTering such valuable facht.es for »anal co.outu- deauru y w 1 be nseli. Indeed, its vast water-conrses might be nn.Ud n, one great nav,g„ble eha.n winch would r'ndex transportation from any section of tins widespread terrttory to a eonnnercal en.por.u.n at any poatt on the coasL a matter of the utmost ease and but very httlo expense. .,.,,■ TVxas ab nd with n.inerals, and is interesting in its geology. The silver mine of San Saba ,s an.ong '- ;-';^;=' - the world and under the domi.i.on of Spain afforded considerable revenue to the crown. G..ld has been tound on the Atoac and oL streams, especially toward the western hill country, and silver al,o on the Beda.s. Iron ore pervades «,e-grUer portion of th; country.' Lead, copper, alum, etc., are found ,n several P-"-"' -••^,,^''""''-;.'» '^ ™ '^ Trmftv au,l Tpper Brazos. Salt is exceedingly abundant, and itnmense qnanlittes are annually take, Iron, a f. mo, I ,L- "ear L U,o Grande. Salt sprmgs and lagoons abouu.l near the Tr.nity. and a branch ol the Bra«,s has ,s wlrs hi h impregnated. Soda and potash are tound near ,be salt lagoons in 7. . 5. . . liiislon . 4,841. ..134. . 0. .Brazoria 614. . 47. . 0. .Bnoneville 1,713. .115. . 0. .Caldwell 1,329. . 61.. . 0. .Lock hart 1,110. . 22. . 0. .Port Lavacca Brownsville 8,541. . 11. . 0. Uio Grande C. Laredo 4.991. .365. .10. .JefTerson 6,673. ..464, . 8. ..liusk 1,930. ..218. . 0, . .M'Kinney 2,267. .116. . 2. ..Columbus 1,723. . 65. . 8, .New Brannfels 220, . 25.. . 0. .Cook c. n. 2,743. .178. . 1. ..Dallas 641. .81.. . 0. .Alton 1.712. .100.. . 3. . Cuero 2.7S5. .3.31. .Boiihara 3.750. .209., . 6. .La Gratifie 2,.W3. .109. . 0. .Richmond 4,529, . 33. .83. .Galveston 1,240. . 40. . 7. .Frederickab'g 64S. . 80. . 0. .Goliad 1.492. .123, . 0. . Gonzales 2.01 IS. .171. . 0. .Sherman 4,008. .217.. . 0. .Anderson L.-ill. .101.. . 3. .Sescuin 4,668,. ,197.. .42. .Houston 11,.S22. .521. .13. .Marshall 387. . 22.. . 8. .San Marcos 1.2ST. .106. . . 0. . A thens 2.623. .121.. . 0. .Tarrant 2.721 . .192.. . 0. • Crockett Cciitities. Dwell. Hunt 26?.. Jackson 114.. .rasper 192.. .lelTerson 2.59.. Kaufman 170.. Lamar 497. . Lavacca 203.. Leon 231.. Liberty 312.. Limestone 880.. Matjigorda 176. . Medina 177.. Milam 414.. Montgomery 260.. Nacogdoches... 631.. Navarro 576.. Newton 219.. Nueces 151.. Panola 4.56., Polk 292.. Red River 420.. Refugio 66.. Robertson 1.32.. Rusk 1,045.. 8abine 28S. . San Augustine.. 350.. San Patrieio . . . . SS.. .8hell)y .560.. Smith CI13.. Titus f4S.. Travis 423.. Tyler 267.. I'pshur 484. . Tanzania 240.. Victoria 817. . Walker 473,. Washington 600.. Wharton 112.. Williamson 230.. Pop. 1.520. 996. .1,767. .1,8.36. .1.047. .8,978, .1,.571. .1,946, .2,.522. .2,608, .2.124. . 909. .2.9117. .2.384. .5.193. .3,843. .1,639. . 693. .3,871. .2,849. .3,9116. . 288. . 934. .8,148. .2,498. .3,647. . 200. .4,239. .4,292. .3.636. 3.1,38. 1,S94. 3,-394 . 1,348, .2,019. •3,964. ,5,983. 1,752. 1,563.. infull. .. 93,. . 73,. ..123.. .. 91.. .. 94. ..407 . .1.39. ,,1.51 ,.149 ,,279 . .39. . 40.. ..152.. ,.1.80.. ..2,87.. ...304.. ..145.. .. S.. ..209.. .172.. .166. ..21. .. 18. ...507. .171. ..158, .. 10. ,380. , .248. . .269.. .146. .1.37.. .240.. .133.. . S4.. .234. . .306.. . 55.. .107. . 0... Greenville . O...Texana . 6. . , -Jasper . 4, , , Beaumont . O...K.aulni.-inC. U. . 7... Paris .0.. ,Petersbiu-g . 5, , ,Leona . 1. . .Liberty . 0. . .Springfield . 0. . .Matagorda . 0. . .CastroviUe . 1 . . . Cameron . 8... Montgomery , 8. ..Nacogdoches .13. . .Cnrsicana . 5. ..Burkeville . 1... Corpus Christ! . 0, , , Carthage . 0. . .Livingston . 7. ..Clarksville . 0... Refugio . O...Fr.i mules. ]2,::i64; milL-h cnws, 214.753; working oxen, 49,932 ; other calUe, 636,805; fiheep, 1)9,098, an.l swine. GS3,914. Total v:iliie of live-stciek, *10,266.830. Animal Prodiccts. — Wool, 131,374 pounds ; butter, 2,326,556 pounds; cheese, 91,619 pounds; and the value of animals slaughler^Ml, $1,106,082. Grain C7/-y^^.i.— Wheat. 41,6S9 bushels; rye, 3,103 bushels; Indian corn, 5,926,611 bushels; oats, 178,883 bushels; bar- ley, 4,776 bushels; and buckwheat, 59 bushels. Other Food Crops.—B.'icc, 87,916 pounds ; peas and beans, 179,832 bushels ; potatoes— Irish, 93,543 bushels, and sweet, l,32-'5,170buslK'Is. Mi-^cellaneons (7ro/?«— Tobacco, 66.S97 pounds; ginned cotton, 57,596 bales of 400 pounds; hay, 8,279 tons; clover- Bccd, 10 bushels; liops, 7 pnund.s; flax, l,ii4S pdunds; flax-seed, 26 bushels; silk cocoons, 22 pounds; ciine sugar, 7,351 hogsheads of l,Oi.iO pounds; molasses, 441, 6o3 gallons; beeswax and honey, 380,533 pounds ; wine, 99 gallons, etc. Yaluo of orchard products, $12.61*5, and value of marUet-sarden products, $12,251. Ilome-mafle Manu/actiires produced in the year ending 1st June, 1850, were valued at $255,719. JtIa7U(j-}ictares. — Total capital invested $000,000; value of nil raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, $000,000 ; hands employeil, 0,000— males 0,000, and females 00 ; monihly cost of labor, $0(i,000— male $00,000, and fem:de $000 ; value of products in the year, $000,000. The whole number of manufacturing establishments in operation, on Uie 1st June, 1850, was 307, of which number 1 was a woolen factory, 2 iron works, and 22 tanr)eries. In theirooZ^rtnianufaclure the invested c;ipital:miounted to $S,O0O; wool used, 30,000 pounds; vahienf all raw material, $lli,O((0: hands employed, S — males 4. and females 4 ; monthly cost of labor. $160— male $80, and female $80; annual products — cloth 14.1100 yards, and blankets 4,000 ; value of entire products $15,000. The ircjt manufacture employed a capital amounting to $16,000 : pig iron used. 250 tons ; mineral coal consumed, 250 tons; value of all raw material, fuel, etc.. $S.4i;0 ; bands employed, 85; entire mcmthly cost of labor, $1,520; castings made, 2'.i0 Ions ; oilier products valued at $15,0u0 ; value of entire products. $55,000. The tannericn had a capital of $33.S5i); value of liiilcs and skins used, $18,624; hands employed. 64 — males 63, and females 1 ; monthly cost of labor, $1,017 — male $1,007, and female $10 ; skins tanned, 1,750, and sides of leather tanned, 18,7110 ; value of products of the year, $o2.(i50. The manufactures of Texas, otherwise than those enumerateil, consist chiefly of those incident to agricultural counlries, as carriages, harness, farming implements, and machinery, etc., and the great bulk of the capital is invested in milling and other like occupations. Ct'mmerce.—Tha exports direclj to foreign countries, for the year ending 30th June, 1850, were valued at $24,958, all carried in foreign bottoms, and the imports were valued at $25,650, of which, to the value of $14,652 were carried in American, anti to that of $10,908 in foreign bottoms. The (Treat bulk of the commercial material of the Slate is carried coastwise to New Orleans, New York, etc., and is thence shipped to other countries. The shipping employed in the foreign carrying trade was as follows: Entered. Cleared. ToUl. ^ ;it"malit.v or:il.il.|>nig. Vessels. .. 3... . 13 ... T.«.s. . 494... . 3,177 ... Crewa. .. 26... .. 133... Ve.sel.. .. 8... . . . "(2 . . . Tons. . 591 . . . 3.01T ... Crewa. .. 28.... .. 1-39 .... Veaeels. ... 6.... ... 25 .... . 1,(1S5 . . . 6,194.. Crews. Foreiijn .. 277 Tolal . 10 . . . . 8,671 ... .. 104... ... 15... . 8,6U8 . . .. 167.... ... 31 .... . 7,279 . . .. 831 PistricU. Galveslon . 10 .... . 2,937 . . . .. lis... ... 9... 2,924 . . . .. 121 .... ... 19.... . 6.911 .. . . 239 Brazos Santiago. . .. 6 ... . 654... . . 40 . . . ... 6 .. 6S4 .. .. 46.... . . . 12 ... . . 1,363.. .. 92 The total amount of shipping owned within this State, at the date specified, was 3,897 tons, of which 3.309 tons wero owned in the district of Galveston, and 5S3 tons in that of Saluria. The principal ports of thu State arc Sabine, Galveston, La Salle, and Toint Isabel. The serial statistics of the commerce of the State are as follows : Year. Exports. Imimrts. 1S46 17,266 1847 29,626 Ypnr. 'Expnrta. Imjinrtg. i Ypar. Exports, ImpDrta, 1S48 14;3,610 94,024 1S50 24,953 25,650 1S49 82,791 16,600 I 1851 75,422 94,715 CoasUng^inlanrl, etc., trade. — In proportion as the direct Ptrcign commerce of Texas is small, the coasting trade is extensive. As before remarked, the great bulk of its commercial material is carried to the other States fur export, and hence a coasting trade commensurate with tlie staple and surplus products of the Slate is carried on. The interior ie chiefly teached by the Hne streams which in every direction penetrate it, the principal of which are the Ileitim authority is vested in a House of Uepresentatives and a Senate. Representatives in number not le^s than 4"). nor more than 90 (now tiij) are chosen for two years, and they must he qualified voters who have lived tw(» years in the State, and one year in the place where they are chosen. Senators in number not less than 19. nor more than ?i3 (now 21). chosen fur four years, one half leaving office biennially, and they must be qualified voters, 30 years of age, who have lived in T.'xas thrtn; years, and the last year thereof in their dislricl. The sessions of the Legislature are biennial, and commt-nce (.n the 1st Monday in November. The flith biennial session commences in November, 1853. The gi'i-crnor an the amount of $lOi), are elected in precincts Ibr two years. Among the provisions of the constitution, the following are the most important: Any person concerned in a rluel, sending or accepting a challenge, shall be ineligible to any public office; grants of monej for private purposes, or for inlerual improvement, must be made by two-thirds of both houses; a wife's proptTty. both real and personal, acqiured before or after marriage, shall be her separate properly ; a homestead of not more than 20i! acres, not included in a town or city, or city and town lots, worth not more than $'2,UU0. shall not be subject to forced sale for any debt Iiereader contracted ; no c<'rp(»ratiiin shall be created, renewed, or extended, with banking or discouTiting privileges: private corporations can only be created by a vole of two-thirds of both houses; the Stata may not borrow money unless by a like vote, nor contract an aggregate amount of debt of more than .$lini,Ou(), except in case of w!ir. invasion, or insurrection ; no law shall be passed to emancipate slaves, except by their owners' consent, and ^Her paying a full compensation for them ; emigrants ^^ the State shall not be prevented from bringing their slaves with Ihem, bui tlie imporlation of slaves as merchandise may be lorbidden; laws may be passed obliging masters lo treat their slaves with humanity, and to abstain from injuries to them, affecting life or limb. In case of disobedience of these laws, the slaves may be taki-n away, and sold for the benefit of the owners; slaves accused of higber crimes than petit larceny shall have a fair trial by jury ; and any one who maliciously dismembers or deprives a slave of life, shall be punished as if he had committed the same crime on a while person, except in case of insurrection of such slave ; one-tenth of tho annual revetme derived from taxation shall be set aside as a pt rmanent fund for Ihe support of free public schools, and all public lands granted for such schools shall not be alienated in fee. nor leased for more ihan 20 years. The constitution may be amended on the proposal of two-thirds of both houses, which propositions shall then be published three months before the next general election ; and if approved of at that election by a majority of the voters, and then ratified by two thirds ot both houses, in the next Legislature, they shall be valid, a?Kt form part of the constitution. F/ ltd II CCS, Ihl't, etv. — According to Ihe Comptroller's report, dated 12ih November, 1651, the debt of the late Republic of Texas, which has been recognized and adopted by the State, inchnrtng interest, amounted ostf-nsihly to $12,436,991, or at par to $G.S'2T,27S. Of the debt, $9,647.2o;3, or $4,*)7,774, par. had been filed according to the act of 20ih March, 184S, and $2,7N9.7;i>, or $2,019,514, had not been filed, and would require further legislative action before its owners could benefit by the act ot 184S. The debt is classified as follows : Oatensiijie. Par value. i?V;w« r/<7A,s'.— Audited ami ascertained claims $S,5S7.132 92 $3,S17,321 64 Sf-co7id W-((«.s. —Sufficiently authenticated to be auditeil 962,445 12 S9'-\767 63 Tkird ci(/««.— Not sufficiently authenticated to be audited 97,075 10 97,675 10 The first class embraces all consoliilaled funds, funded debts, treasury bonds, and audited paper, including the claims for naval vessi-ls, loans from United States bank, etc. Tiie second class embraces claims not audited, but for debts contracted by the government under the sanction of law. The third class embracer claims not provider all public dues, are debla of Texas, for which the duties on imports are specially pledged, and that releases of all claims against tlie United Slates ftir or on account of such debts, should be filed in the Treasury Department, before the President will be justified in issuing the second ♦5,000,000 stock to Texas." L6 849 TEX TEX Besides this immense sum. the Slate owns nearly 200,0l}0.000 acres of lamls. and according to the census of the Uailed States, the value of real and personal estate liable to taxation was valued at :f5*;,74il,473. The average annual expenses of Uie State government are about $I0(J,O0U, which ia raised chiefly by a direct tax on assessments, and a capitation tax. The nn'/itur}/ force of Texas consists of 19.766 men of all arms, of which 1.24S are commissioned officers, and 1S,518 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the officers, 15 are general officers, 45 gmeral staff-offi- cers. 248 field officers, etc., and 940 coin])any officers. Every white male citizen between the ages of IS and 45 years, unless exempt by law, is liable to military duty. Fedeml Represent* ttioi). — In accordance with the act of 23d May, 1850, apportioning representation, Texas is entitled to two representatives in the Congress of the United Slates. Mhi-catioji. — Primary and common schools are established in the chief towns and counties, and education is becoming universal and easy of attainment. The State has a considerable school fund, wliich is beipig constantly augmented by grants and donations. The College of Kuterville has been liberally endowed by the State, and is quite flourishing. Gal- veston University is also in full operation, and is very popular. There are also theological institutions in various towns, supported by the several denominations. Though in respect of educational means the State may at present occupy a secondary rank, the provisions made for its advancement insure the speedy enlargement ()f the sphere of their influence. Reliifiorts Denomination^.— The stati8tic3"of the several religious denominations in the Stale, in 1S50, according to the census of that year, were as follows : Dencm™. N... erty. ti>..i^. Cliiinliea Rccnni. Pr„,,erly. «- R. Oatholie. . . 13 . 6,760 . $79,700 — Swe(ienl)o'n .. — .. — . — . — Tunlicr — .. _ . _ — Union 2 . . 850 . 625 . 56,095 Unitarian — .. — . — . — Universalisl... — .. — . — . 19,0T0 Minor Secta.. S .. 1,500 . . 8,000 —making a total of 164 churches, having accommodation for 74,495 persons, and valued as property at $200,530. Texas tSrms a missionary diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and also the Koman Catholic diocese of Galveston, a suffraffan of the ecclesiastical province of New Orleans. Puhlic Libraries.— According to the report of the librarian of the Smithsonian Institution, in 1851, Texas contained but 4 public libraries, and 1,631 volumes — one State library, 1,001 volumes; one college library, 800 volumes; and two public school libraries, 830 volumes. Periodical Pre-ss.—The whole number of periodicals published in the State, in 18-50, according to the census, was S7, of which the political principles of three were " whig," and of 11 " democratic," and 23 were neutral in politics, including those devoted to literature, religion, science, etc. Of the whole number (37), 3 were issued tri-weekly, 2 semi-weekly, and 32 weekly. The aggregate circulation of the tri-weeklies was 2,5110 copies at each issue, of the serai-weeklies 1 SOO copies, and of the weeklies- 14,837 copies. There were published — in Anderson county, 1 weekly ; in Bexar (San Autonio), 2 week- lies; in Bowie,! weekly; in Cameron (Brownsvilk'),2 weeklies; in Cherokee, Calhoun, Dallas, Fannin, and Fayette, each 1 weekly ; in Galveston ^Galveston City). 2 tri-weeklies, 1 semi-weekly, and 1 weekly ; in Harris (Houston), 1 tri-weekly and 4 weeklies; in Harrison (Marshall). 2 weeklies; in Jasper, Lamar, and Matagorda, each 1 weekly ; in Rusk (Hender- son), 3 weeklies; in Red River and San Augustine, each I weekly ; in Travis (Austin), 2 weeklies ; in Victoria, 1 weekly; in Walker (IluntsvUle), 2 weeklies; in Washingtrm, 1 semi-weekly and 1 weekly. Paupei-ifim. — The whole number of paupers relieved or supported within the year ending 1st June, 1S50, was 7, all natives, and the whole number of paupers at that date was 4. Cost of support, etc., $433. Historical Sketch. — The first settlements in Texas were made by the French at Matagorda ; but the settlers were soon afler expelled by the Spaniards, who, in 1690, extended their cordons from New Spain over the whole territory. Previous to this time the Indians held undisputed sway over this fine country. Spanish forces were stationed at Goliad, Bexar, Nacogdoches, etc.. and held military possession until the revolution which overthrew the Spanish power in Mexico. On the consummation of Mexican independence, Texas became, in connection with the adjoining State of Coahuila, a province of the Repul)lic Soon aller this period, several colonies of Americans, who had been invited into the territory by the Mexicans, settled jn the eastern section, and we-re for a long time secured from the onerous burdens of Mexico Proper. Previous to 1S35, however, serious complaints against the central government, now a consobdated republic, were uttered, and in the following year open rebellion was rife. The Mexican President invaded Texas with a large army, and was successively victorious and defeated in numerous skirmishes. The American settlers declared their inde- pendence in March, 1936, and the defeat of the Mexicans and capture of Santa Anna, at San Jacinto, 21st April, 1836, secured to the patriot party the acknowledgment of their assumption by that leader, and the whole of the country cast of the Rio Grande was acceded to them. The acts of Santa Anna, however, were never confirmed by the Senafe, and of course their authority was, to say the least, equivocal. No serious attempts having been made by the Mexicans to regain Texas for eight or nine years, the political nationality of the country was considered as consolidated, and in 1S45, the United States of America admitted the young republic as a Slate of the Union. The consequences of this act was war with Mexico— a war which the United States virtually assumed by the annexation, at a time when Texas was in a state of war with Mexico. The history of this war is recent and well known. The arras of the United States were every- where victorious ; and when peace returned, not Texas alone, but New Mexico and Califnrnia Alta were parceled off to the Americans, and forever lost to the Mexican Republic. The joint resolutions of Congress, admitting Texas into tho Union, wen- signed by the President of the United States, on the 1st March, 1845, and ratified by the Congress of Texas on the 4lh July of the same year. The State Government was organized on the 19th P>b., 1S46. The boundary between New Mexico and Texas, the latter of which claimed the line of the Rio Grande, was adjusted by compromise in 1S50. Austin City is the political capital of the State. Texas county. Mo, Situate toward the S.. and coiitains | 1,247 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Current r. and I 850 Big Piney fork of Gasconade r. Surface varied, in parta being hilly, but in general it is undulating ; soil fertile. TEX THO Chief productions, wheat and Indian com; it is niso favor- able In the growth of tubacco. Timber is abundant. It contains some minerals. Farms 232; manuf. 15; dwell. S9-i. and pop.— wh. 2,270, fr. col. 0, si. 42— total 2,312. Oap- iUil : Houston. Tes^s, p. o., Washington county, Ind. .■ S4 miles S, Indianapolis. Texas, p. o.. Randolph co., JIL : 216 m. S. Springfield. Texas, p. v., Oswego co., A''. V. : on Salmon r., near its entrance into Lake Ontario, 140 m. W. N. \V. Albany. Texas, p. c, Lycoming county, Penn. : 75 m. N. by "W. Harrisburg. Texas, p. o., Henry county, OJiio: 101 m. N. TV. by N. Columbus. Texas Valley, p. o., Corthiudt co., A\ T. : 121 W. by S. Albany'. Thames river, New Loiidon co., Conn,: formed by the junction of the Quinnebaug, Shetucket, and Yantic rivers, near Norwich, Oom which it flows S., and empties into Long Island Sound below New London. It is navigable to Norwich, 14 miles. Thebes, p. v., and cap. Alexander co., ///,.■ on E. bank of Mississippi r.,176 m. S. Springfield. Itcoulains the county buildmgs, etc., and has many facilities for commerce. The Coeners, p. o., Ulster comity, iV. Y. : on Esopus cr., 53 m. S. S. W. Albany. The Forks, p. o., Somerset co., 3fe. : on 'W- side of Ken- nebec r., at junction of Dead r., 73 m. N. by W. Augusta. Ttie Glen, p. o., Warren co., 2^. Y.: 63 m. N. by W. Albany. The Gplph, p. o., Chatham county, iV. Car. : 3S m. W. Ealeigb. The Narrows, p. o., Crawford county, ArJ:.: 120 m. N. W. by W. Little Rock. Tueological Seminary, p. o., Fairfax co., Xlrg. : 95 m. N. Richmond. The Episcopal Theiilogical School of Vir- ginia is located here, and in 1S50 had 4 profess'>r3 and 32 students. The library contains about 5,000 volumes. The Plains, p. o., Fauquier co., ^Irg. ; 91 m. N. by W. Richmond. The Pubchase, p. o., Westchester ca, .V. 3".; 114 m. S. Albany. Theresa, t. and p. v.. Dodge county, lT7.sc'. ; 57 miles N. E. by E. Madison. The village is on the N. side of Rock river. Theresa, t and p. v., Jt- fTerson co., A^ Y. : 152 m. N. W. Albany. Surface uneven and bmken. Drained by Indian T., on which is the v., containing about 200 inhabitants. Pop. of L 2.342. TirE Sqitaee, p. o., Cayuga co., X. Y. : 150 m. W. by N. Albany. TirETFORD, t. p. v.. and sta.. Orange co., Ff/'w. ; on the W. side of Connecticut r., 37 m. S. K. by E. Monti>i'Iit'r. Surface uneven and rough. The t is well watered by Om- pomponoosuc r. and branches, which afford water-power, and also contains several ponds, one of which is very deep, without inlet oroutlet, and noted for abundance of fish. The t. contains 3 villages. The central v. contains a church, an academy, several stores, etc. The Connecticut and Pus- sumpsic Rivers E. R. nms along the Connecticut r., having stations at Thetford and North Thetford. Pop. of t. 2,M10. Thetford, t. and p. o., Genesee county, J/ich.: 53 m. N. E. by E. Lansing. Drained by branches of Upper Sag- inaw and Flint rivers. Pop. 303. The Village, p. o.. Point Coupee par., La.: 36 m.N. W. Baton Rtiuge. TniBoDEAUX. p. v., and cap. La Fourche par.. Za. : at junction of Blue and La Fourche bayoux. It contains the county buildings and 3 churches. The "Minerva" (whig) is published weekly. The New Orleans, (Jpelousas, and Texas R. R. will pass through tliis place. Pop. about 1.000. Thickety Fork, p. o., Spartanburgh disL, S. Car. : SO ra. N. W. Columbia- Thiyener, p. o., Gallia county, Ohio: 83 m. S. S. E Columbus. Thomas county, (?a. Situate S. toward the W..and con- tains 1,348 sq. m. Ochlockonee river enters it in the N. W., ani;fi/.-ThomasviHe. Public; ir;>r/[-« ; Bruns- wick and Florida R. R., and Branch to Ti**as8ee. Thomas, sta.. Burke co., Gti.: onthe Augusta and Waynes- boro' R. R., 36 m. S. from Augusta. T110.M ASTON, p. v., and cap. Upson county, Ga. : 69 m. W. by S. Milledgeville. It contains the court-house and jail, an academy, 2 churches, stores, etc. Poj). about ISO. Thomaston, t and p. v., Lincoln co.. Me. : on E. side of SL George's r., 86 m. S. E. Augusta. This I. contains an abundance of limestone, from which 300,000 casks of lime are annually made. The Maine State prison here located has spacious and comtiiodious buildings, with 10 acres of ground attached. The prisoners are extensively employed in cutting granite. Large ships come up to this t., 12 m. from the ocean. The " Lincoln Miscellany" is issued semi- weekly. Pop. oft. 2.72.3. TnoMASTOwN, p. v., Leake co., Jtlisff. : on W. bank of Gochamockamy cr, 51 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. TnoMASVELLE, p. V., and cap. Thomas co., Ca.: 1G9 m. S. by W. Milledgeville. The projected Brunswick and Florida K. R. will pass through this place, with which the N. extension of the Tallahassee and St. Mark's R. R. will Iiere connect It contains the county buihlings, etc., and is a village rapidly rising into commercial importance. TuoMASviLLE, p. V., Orcgon CO., Mo.: 125 m. S. S. E. Jefferson City. TnoMASviLLE, p. v., Eobcrtson county, Te7in. : 28 m. N. Nashville. Thompson, t., p. v., and sta.. Windham co., Conn. : 46 m. E. N. E. Hartford. Drained by French, Quinnebaug. and Five-mile rivers, which afftird good water-power. On their banks are the manufacturing villages of Thompson, Ma- sousville. Fisherville, Wilsonsville, and New Boston, all of which, except New Boston, are on the Norwich and Wor- cester R. R. The t, is large, with hilly surface, and fine grazing soil. Pop. in 1840, 3.535; in 1S50, 4,638. Thompson, p. v., Columbia co., Grge into Lake Champlain. Their site is elevated about 70 feet above the lake. About 1 m. S. W. is Mount Defiance, rising 750 feet above the lake. Pop. of t. 2,669. TiDioNTo, p. o., Warren co.. Penn. : on W. side of Alle- ghany r., 162 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Tiffin, p. v., sta., and cap. Seneca co., Ohio : on Sandusky rirer, 76 m. N. Columbus. The Mad River and Lake Erie R. R. passes through it. It contains a court-house, jail, several churches, etc., and is the centre of considerable trade. Four weekly newspapers are published— " Seneca Whig," "Western Whig Stjmdard," "Seneca Advertiser" (dem.), and " Northwestern Continent" (neuL) Popula- tion 2.72S. Tiger, p. o., Rabun county, Ga. : 130 miles N. by W. of Milledgeville. Ti«er Crerk, p. 0., Claiborne par., La, : 195 m. N. W. by N. Baton Rouge. TiGERsviLLR, p. o., TerTc Bonne par., La.: at the junction of head-waters of Tiger bayou, 52 m. S. by E. Baton Rouge, Tiller's Ferry, p. o., Kershaw dist., S. Car. : 50 m. N. E. by E. Columbia. TiLTos, p. 0. and sta., Murray co., Gn. : 156 m. N. W, Milledgeville. The Western and Atlantic R. R. passes through it, 8 m. 3. DalUm, and 92 m. from Atlanta. TiMiiALiEu bay. La. : sets up N. W. from the mrmth of fiayou La Fourcho ; is 30 m. long, 3 to 6 m. wide. It isshal- I'lw with sandy and muddy bottom. At its moulh are sev- eral large islands. TiMitivR. p. o., Peoria county, ///..■ 54 miles. N. by W- Springfield. TiMBKR Crekk, p. o., Marshall county, la.: on 9. side of branch of Iowa r., 72 m. W. Iowa City. Timber Creek, p. o.. Hunt county, T&c.: 7 m. E. by St Greenville. 228 m. N. N. E. Austin City. Tlmher Gkuve, p. 0., Washington co., Virg.: 266 m. W. by 3. Richmond. TIM TIV Timber Eidge, p. o., Uni»m dist., -S'. Car.: 60 m. N. W. Columbia, Timber KmoK, p. o., Kockbridge Co., llrff. : 101 m. W. by N. liii-hmnniJ. Timber Kidge, p. o., Greene county, Tenii, : 216 m. E. Nashville. Timbekville, p. v., Euckingham co., Tlrg, : 117 m. N.W. Kichmon'l. * TiMoNiuM. V. and sfa.. Ballimore co.. JM: on the Balti- more iind Susqiu-lmniiii 11. R,. 11 ni. N. Baltimorf. TiSKEic Knob, p. o., Botetourt CO., Virg.: 145 m. W. of Riclinirind. Tinkf.b Rru, p. 0., Westmoreland co., Fenn.; 143 m-W. Harrrsbiirg. Tinker's Cbeek. p. o,, Barnwell district, S. Cnr,: 60 m. S. S. W. Columbia. TiNMOUTH, t. and p. o.. nutland co.. Verm. : 63 m. S. S.W. Monipelier. Surface elevated and hilly. Draiucd by Fur- nace !)rook. It contains niarble and iron ori.'. Pop. 71T. TiNNEv's Grove, p. o., Kay co., Mo.: 12i) ra, W. N. W. JelTersou City. TiNTON Falls, p. o., Monmouth co., y. Jer. : on E. side of branch of Nevcrsirikr.. 84i m. E. by N. Trenton. This place and vioinUy is of great resort in the. summer. TioG\ county, N, Y". Situate centrally, and contains 4.^6 sq. m. Drained by branches of Susquehanna r., Ilie princi- pal of which are E. and W. Owego creeks, and which afiTurd good wattT-power. Surface divfrsifit'd by hills and valleys ; soil various, but fertile, consisting mostly of u gravelly loam, intcrniixed with clay ; the uplands are ada|>ieii to grazing, and the valleys to" wheat, grain, etc. There is a quantity of white pine and other v.aluable timber on the land. It has some minerals, and marl is found, which lakes the place of lime. It also contains sulphur springs. Chief productions, wheat, Indian corn, and piMatoes. Farms 2.i'3(J: nianuf. 354; dwell. 4,442, and pop.— wh. 24,GS;J, fr. col. 197— total 24.SSn. Cajntal:^ Owego. PuUic Works: New York and Erie E, E.; Cayuga and Ithaca E. 11. TnxiA county, Penn. Situate N., and contains 1,056 eq. m. Tioga r. passes through the ea.stern portion, by which and its branches, and affluents of "W. branch of Susquehanna r., it is drained. Surface pleasantly diversified, with low Iiills and fertile valleys. Soil fertile, and adapted to grain, ■Wheat :md Indian corn are raised in large quantities. A part of the connly is well wooded. Farms 2,ls3: maimf. 225; dwell. 4.222, and pop.— wh. 23.SS9, fr. col. 9S— total 23.9S7. Orpital: Wellsboro*. Pitblic Works: Corning and Bh'SslMirgR. K. TiooA, t, and p. o., Tioga eo., Penn.: 110 m. N. by "W. Harrishurg. Surface hilly ; soil varitnis. Drained by Tioga r. The Corning ami Blossburg E. E passes through the L TiOGA, t,, Tioga CO., .V. Y. : on Susquehanna r., 140 m. W. S. W. Albany. Surface hilly. Pop. 2.839. TiooA Cextkf., p. v. and sla., Tioga co., jV. Y. : on the Erie E. E , 252 m. from New York, 217 ni. from Dunkirk. TiosRSTA, I. and p. o., Venango co.. Peiin. : on E. side of Alleghany r, 157 m. N. W. by W. Harrishurg. Tii'i'Aii county. 3fm. Situate N. toward the E., and con- tains 1.037 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Talla- hatchie river. Surface lunhilating. Farms 1,S90; niannf. 26: dwell. 2.655, and population- wh. 15,S0S, fr. col. 5, si. 4,92S— lolal 20.741. drpiUd: Eipley. Tipi'KOANoK county, Ind. Siiuale N. W., on Wabash r., and cmiains 504 sq. m. The interior is drained by Tippe- caiioi- r.. Wild Cat and Rnrnelt creeks. Surface gently un- dulating, or ppread out into extensive level tracts: along Ihe AVnbash. ihe county is hilly. Farms 1.377: nianuf. 204; dwell. 3 227, and pop.— wh. 19.S1S, fr. col. 159— loUil 19,377. —Capital: La Fayette. Pul>/ic Works: New Albany and Salem Extension R. E. ; Lafayette and Ingansport R. E. Tipton county, 7>nii. Situate W.. and contains 6S2 sq. ra. Drained by branches of Big Halchee and Loosahatchee rivers, both tril)utaries of MiiKsissippi r.. which flows on its W. border. Surface level, excepting the bluffs on the Mis- sissippi. Soil fertile, and adapterd water-power. It is connected with Rhode Island by a st'>ne bridge l.O'lO feet long. The v. and t. contain nu- merous factories, chiefly of calicoes, cotton batting, thread, coarse yarn, cassimen'S, and tweols. The v. conLains 1 bank, capital $200,000, has considerable coasting trade, and i-t somewhat engaged in the fisheries. Pop. of t. in 1840, 8.1S3; in 1S50, 4,699. 853 TIV TOL Tiverton Fock Curnebs, p. v., Newport co., R. I. : 9 m. N. E. Newportj 21 m. S. E. by 8. Providence. TivoLi, p. V. and sia., Duchess CO., N. Y. : on E. side of Hudson r.» 44 ra. from Albany. TivuLi, p. o., Dubuque county, la.: 64 m. N. N. E. Iowa City. ToitAoro Port, p. v., Stewart co., Tmn. : on N. E. side of CumbtTland r., 69 m. W. N. W. Nashville. Tobacco Eow, p. o., Amherst couuly, Virg. : 94 m. W. Eichtnond. Tobacco Stick, p. o., Dorchester co., Jfd. : S3 ni. S. S. E. Annapolis. Tobey's, station, Bristol county, Mass. : on Boston and Providence li. K., 17 miles from Providence, 26 miles from Boston. TuccoA Falls, p. o., Uabersham co., Ga.: 106 m. N. Milledgevillc. Toccopola, p. o., Pontotoc county, Miss. : 14T m. N. N. E. Jackson. Todd county, Ky. Situate S. toward the W., and con- tains 362 sq. ra. Drained by Elk fork of Ked r., which flows into Cumberland r. and tributaries of Green r. Sur- face even. Farms 03D; manuf. 2S; dwell. 1.316, and pop. — wh. 7,361, fr. col. 97, si. 4,S19— total 12,208. CupiUd : Elk Eon. Tuod, t. and p. o., Huntingdon co., P&nv. : 56 m. "W. Harrisburg. It contains a. furnace, forge, and numerous mills. Pop. about 9li0. Todd's, p. o., Spottsylvania county, Virg. : 43 m. N. N."W. Biohmond. Todd'8 Crkek, p. 0., Platte co., Mo. : 143 m. "W. N. W. Jefferson City. Toddsville, p. o., Otsego county, K. Y. : 70 m. W. Albany. TuGUS Speings, p. o., Kennebec county. Me. : 5 m. S. E. Augusta. TonupEKATTiGO lakp, Orange co., Flor. : near S. boundary line of the co., 12 m. long, 5 m. wide, and cuunecled with Lake Kissimear. ToLAND Praikfe. P.O., Washington county, Wise: 52 m. E. by N. Madison. Toledo, p. o., Union county. 111. : 152 miles S. by E. Springfield. Toledo, p. city, and port of entry, Lucas co., OMo: on "W. bank of Maumee. r. 5 m. from its entrance into Maamce bay. 117 m. N. by W. Columbus. The built portion oT llic cily extends for more than a mile along the bank of Ilu- river, but il is most cnriipael at its upper and lowerextrenii- ties or landings, which were originally two distinct settle- ments, called Port Lawrence and Vistula. The ripidly increasing population is fast filling up with houses, whatever of ground remains imoceupied between these points. The cily contains many fine blocks of warehouses, stores, and dwellings, with some handsome public buildings, and numerous churches. Its si-ttlement was conimenccd aboul 18:31 ; and it was incorporated as a cily in 1836. It has had a very rapid growih. chiefly developed from its connection Willi the Wabash and Erie canal, which extends from Manhattan. 4 miles below Toledo, to Evansville, In«li;ina. on thf Ohio river, 467 m. The railroa1 ! Spirita 456,484 Pork 702.102 Hams 676,610 llacon 194.750 Laril 4S2,9.5'i Lnrd oil 107.112 Live Hogs a3f.,798 Catlle 111,640 Tobacco 120,925 Butler.....; 44,786 Slaves 96900 Pearl and potashes.. 137.425 Oilcake 9S.S16 Wool 190.893 Furs 210.000 The amount of duties collected at thjs port during 1852, (fO goods entered here, and on articles entered at New York and brought here in bond, was $80,001 33. The arrivals and departures during 1852, were as follows: Arrival.. Departures. Vessels. Number, Timiiiige. Nutnlier, Ti.iniage. Steam 926 494,111 928 495.021 Sail 1^27 179,182 1,129 179,697 Total 2,063 673,293 2,057 674,615 The British tonnage in the above, consisted of 1 steam vessel, 166 tims, and 10 sail vessels, 1,001 tons. The increase of the total number of vessels and their tonnage, which entered and cleared from Toledo, during 1852, over 1851, was as follows: Tonnage. Vear. 1851 Vessels. 3 212 l^tesin. ...579.076... ...989,132... Sail. ...259,758... ...858,779... T..tal . .. 838,834 1852 ..4,110... .. 893... ...1,847,911 ...410.056... ... 99,021... ... 509,077 The total tonnage arriving at, and departing from, Toledo by ihe Wabash and Erie canal, during 1850, was 184,400 tons, and during 1851, 250,000 tons. Of this, by far the largest (juanlities brought to Toledo were those of wheat, flour, and corn; and of those sent from Toledo, the largest was rail- road iron, of which the amourit cleared in 1S51, was l;5.SS9.921 pounds: and in 1852, 41,')33.592 pounds. The increase of grain, flonr, and pork brought by the canal from the interior during 1852. was 50 per cent over the amomits brought during 1S5I. The receipts of grain and other produce brought by railroad during 1S52, were more ttmn twice the amounts in 1851, or any year precetling; and this was also the case with the receipts by wagon. Toledo prom- ises to long retain its present pre-eminence over the other lake ports, a." the leading market and exporting town of the great staples of N. W. Ohio. The city is divided into 4 wardsof nearly equ.il population. Its newspaper press in 1850 consisted of the " Toledo Blade" (whig), and "Toledo Republican" (free-soil dem.), each issuing daily, tri-weekly, and weekly editions. Pop. in 1840, 1,222 ; in 1850, 8.S19 ; in 185:1, 6,512. ToLERS. p. o., Amil6 co., Miss. : 94 m. S. S. W. Jackson. Toi.KRViLi.B. p. v. and sta., Louisa county, Vir{/. : 4*» m. N. W. by N. Riclimond. By Virginia Central R.R., which passes through il, 56 m. from Richmtmd. TOL TOP ToLKSBuRo", p. o., Lewis county, Ky. : 90 m. K. by N. Franklbrl, Tolland county, Conn, Situate N., inclining to the E., and contains 337 sq. ra. Drained by Willimaiilic, Hop, Iloekanum. Salmon, and Scantio rivers, and tbi.-ir atllui^nts, wbioh afford good water privileges. Farms 1,1*4^; inanut". 241; dwt'll. 3,T4l. and pnp.— wh. 19.941), fr. col. 145— U-t^d 20.091. r<;;)?7<:/.- Tolland. Ptd.rtc W'orkH: New London, ■\Villinianlic, and Palmer K. K. ; IlarU'ord, Providence, uud Fislikill K. It. Tolland, t., p. v., and cap. Tolland county. Conn. : 18 m. N. E. by E. Hartford. Surlace rough and billy; soil ralber sttTile. but fertile in the valk-ys. Drained by WiHimantic r., which biiuiuls it on Ihe E., and by iiead Itrajiches of Hop r. Snipsic Pond, on its N. W. border, is 2 m. long and ^ m. wide. The v., situated on an elevated plain, contains a court-house, jail, 1 bank, cap. $S1.000, 1 savings bank, with permanent deposits of over $r25,(i0i), 1 insurance company, cap. $'2o3,0U0, and 3 churches. The New London, Willi- mantic, and Palmer K. K., runs on the N. E. border of the t., having a sUition 45 m. from New London 21 m. from Pahnc-r. Pop. of 1. 1,410. Tolland, t. and p. v., Hampden co., Masfi. : on E. side of Farmingtou r., Itl3 m. W. by S. Uoslon. Surface elevated ; soil best adai)ti.'d to grazing. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in farming. The v. at the centre is neatly built, and contains a Congregational church. P">p. of t. 594. Toll Gate, p. c, Marion co., Ala.: on W. side of Butta- hatchee r.. 156 ra. N. W. Montgomery. Tomahawk, sta., Powhatlan co., Vtrff.: on Kichmoud and Danville E. K., IT ni. \Y. by ti. Kichmond. Tomahawk Si-kino, p. o., Berkeley county, Virg. : 133 xn. N. by "W". Richmond. ToMBiGBEE river, J//-«.s. and .1^*/. ; rises by several sources in Tishcniingo county. Miss., flows S., receiving numerous creeks, and bending to the E., enters Pickens county, Ala. In the N. part of Marengo co., it receives from the N. E. the Black Warrior r., nearly as large as itself, and thence flows S. in a meandering course, unlil it unites with Ala- bama r. to form Mobile r., 45 m. above Mobile. During nine aionllis in the year, it is navigable for large vessels to St. Stephens, and for steamboats to Columbus. Miss. Tom CoBwix, p. o., Allemakee co., /*/. ; about 2 m. W. of the Mississippi, 96 m. N. by E. Iowa City. ToMUANNOcK, p. o., EensselatT county, ,V; Y. : 23 m. K. E. by N. Albany. ToMOLTA, p. o., Cherokee co., iV! Car. : 297 m. W. by 9. Ealeigh. ToiiPKiNS county, A1 Y. Situate W. centrally, and con- tains 5S0 sq. ni. Drained by Fall, and Six Mile creelis, and Cayuga inlet, all of which enter Cayuga lake in their course, having considerable falls, and supplying good wahr privileges. Surface uneven; soil fertile, well ad;i|ited in the hilly portions to grazing, and in ihe valleys to grain, fruits, etc. The growth of wool is much attended to by the farmers. Us commerce is good, and it eNporls consider- ably. Chief proilucls. wheaL Indian corn, and potatoes. It has some minerals, and marl annlaiiis the county buildings, etc. Pop. about 24ff. ToMPKiNsviLLK. p. v.. Richmond county, iVl }'. .• on N E. part of SuUen Island, ^ miles 8. W. by S. City Ilall, N«'W York, 140 m. S. by W. Albany. It occupies a very beauti- ful site, overlooking New York bay, the Narrows, etc., and contains many fine residences, with 3 churches, etc. Steam ferry boats ply hourly to New Y'orb. It is chiefly noted for containing Ihe Quarantine Station of New York. The ground appropriated for the purposes of a lazaretto has a frontage on the bay of about 1,400 feet, and extends back 1,200 feet. It is inclosed by a high brick wall, and includes suitable hospitals for the sick, and oflicesfor physicians and others emplnyed at the quaTanline. The largest hospital, that for fever patienta. is nearest the water; it is constructed of brick, 3 stories high, 136 feet long by 2S feet wide. The hospital for convalescents, on rising ground above, is of brick, 3 stories high. 50 feet long, 45 feet high, with 3 wings 66 by 26 feet each. The sraall-pox hospitid is 2 stories high, SO feet long. 2S feet wide, and generally has the largest number of patients. There are other hospital buildings for varinus diseases, all of which are built of brick, with open galleries. Tom's Brook, p. v., Shenandoah county, Yirg.: 118 m, N. N. W. Richmond. Tom's Ckbek, p. o., Surry co., K Car, : on creek of same name, IIS m. W. N. W. Ualeigh. Tom's River, p. v., and cap. Ocean co., N. Jer. : on Tom'3 r., at head of Tom's r. bay, 35 m. S. E. by E. Trenton. ToMsviLLE, p. v., Chester dist., S, Car. : on N. side of branch of Broad r., 5S ra. N. by W. Columbia. ToNAWANDA. t., p. v., and sta., Erie co., ^V: Y. : 269 m, Vf. by N. Albany. Surface of I. level ; soil fertile. Drained by Tonawanda creek. Grand island belongs to this town. The village is situated on E. side of Niagara r.. at mouth of Tonawanda creek. Through it pass the Erie Canal ; Buffalo and Niagara Falls R. R., 11 m. from Buffalo, and U miles from Niagara Falls; and the Buff.di> and Lockport R. R. From the dam here in the creek there are outlet locks to Niagara ri\fr. It has a good harbor for steamboats and other Vessels. Ctmsiderable manufacturing is carried on. The " T. Coraniercial" (neut.) is published weekly. Pop. of t in 1S40, 1,261 ; in 1S50, 2.072. To.NTUNE, p. o., Steuben county, 2f. Y. : 183 m. W. by S. Albany. Tooele county, Utah Ter. Extends from the W. bound- ary of Salt Lake and Utah counties to the Californian line, and contains about 18,000 sq. m. It is crossed by Hum- boldt and other mountains, and in the W. are Mud and Humboldt lakes, which receive many streams, but have no outlets. It is a fine farming region. Farms 27 ; manuf. 0; dwell. 33. and pop.— wh. 152, fr. co!. 0, si. 0— total 152. CapiUd : Tooele City. Tooele, p. v., and cap. Tooele co., Utah Ter.: 30 m. "W. Salt Lake City. Toolky's, p. 0., Concordia parish, La. : 76 miles N. N. W. Baton l!ouge. TooLsaoRo', p. o., Louisa co., Ta. : 42 m. S. E. by S. Iowa City. Tool's Point, p. o., Jasper co., Jit. : 72 m. "W. Iowa City. TooMSB'iuo', p. o., "Wilkinson county, Ga.: 20 miles B. Milled geville. Topsail Sound, p. o.. New Hanover co., K Car. : 106 m. S. S. E. Raleigh. TopsFiELD, t and p. v., Washington county, Me. : 131 m. N. E. Ai'gt'sla- ^'"P- "f ^- 2'^^- TopsFiRLo. t. an^'- J^"'™ H^tford""™'"' ^' ''■' '-""'"'''*' ™- ^o""- ■■ 22 m- W. by N. ToEKiNGTON, t. and p. v., Litchfield county, Con,,. .- 26 m W. by N. Hartford. Surface uneven. Drained by Naug^I tuck r,ver and its branches. The Naugatuck II. R. ^^l «.ough ,^ E. part, having stations ,t the dourfsWng n^ nufactunng V. of Wolcoltville (which see), and a. Burr large quantities of agricultural and dairy pro«„ • on W Brained by the above ..re:;: an^S^gr' r'TSrs bituminous coal. The b on ii.o «„. t " "-oniams grated inis2s, and ::;;™t^:^:^::jarr tannery, and other manufacturing establishments Tlfre; newspapers are issued weekly-" B. Eenorter" fr.e n Tower Hnj., p. a, Washington county, .S. 7 • 8 m W Newport. ■ "■ Alba'n '■^''^"^' ''■ ''■' ^'™''™ ''''•' ■'^^ ^- ■' '^^ "■ ■""• ^y 8- Town Bi.rFr, p. „., Tyler county, Tex. : on W. bank of Neches r., 216 m. E. by N. Austin City. Town Creek, U. s. collection district, Md.: had, on the SOlh .Tunc, 1850, a total tonnage of 2,22T tons, all of which was enrolled and licensed, permanent, and cmploved in the coastmg trade. During the year preceding, it had no for- eign commerce or ship-building. TowNRR's, p. o., Pulnam co., Jf. ri; 82 m. S. Albany. Town HiLi., p. 0., Luzerne county, Pmn.: 80 m N E Harrisburg. 856 TRA ' ^'^y'-i' <>'; ' "v. .■ 220 m. W. by 8- Tow.N IIOUSE, p. Richmond. and";c;'T:?k'ci:yn p'la TvT- \''-- °" ''"•^'■'» W. Albany. ' "' ^- '""" ^»«''''>; 2M m- Tow.vsnrRT, p. y., Warren co., if. Jer.: on both ,i,le, of ^pi;^;:t-ra:;z:ra::::^-"^^'^ by S,uant,c«,k r. and branches flowing into N=«hua r The L contains three flourishing villages, thro„grwhieh pa.,s.-s the Peterboro- and Shiriey K. P.. ' T he V aT I e Al^nlir'™' *■■ °" '""""°« •"'■' ^- ^•■- '«« ■>'• '"'■ by 8. TowNSEN-n t and p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: on S. side of Sandusky b.ay, 96 m. N. Columbus. The inhabilantsTre 3?'^;"^ w" T'' w™' P- "■ ^""^ ^'•■'- Middlesex- co., Mas.. : P ?'n; ./ \ ''""""• ■^"^ I'''"^^''"'»' =""' Shirley Th 7^ '' ''' "^ "'"^" " » ^^^ ">• f-"' B"'<™- mn,s,lrerer"' '°'' """'""""" "' ^"'"'""'"^ -™"" AlbZ '"'^'"'*''"''^' ''• "■' ^'"""''- '^"""'J'- ^- ^- ■■ 1«« m- W. TowNsuENi,, t. and p. v., Windham co., re,-m. .- 88 ra 8 waTred bv W r^r""""'"'"' '"'=™'-^" »'"' "-P »"'' the F hn'o^^'r '• 5'""'"^ '^^ ^- ""■""S" it centrally, upon hL h . ''■""''' "■" ^- '' »'"'»'"'- containing 2 churehes and an excellent academy. The t. contains seve- ral tanneries, gnst and saw mills. Pop. of t 1 .354 Tow.NTiLLE p. o., Anderson dist., S. Cur. : on N. side of Savannah r., lir m. W. N. W. Columbia Towso.NTowN, p. 0., Baltimore co„ m. .• 2S m N bv W Annapolis. ' ■' r., 81 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis. TaACT's Landing, p. v., Anne Arundel Co., MJ. ; 18 m S. by W. Annapolis. TRADErjiv.LLE, p. v., Madison co., Ohio: 25 m W hv « Columbus. ■• ij o. Tbaoe-s Hill, p. o., Chatham co., K Car. : on New Hope Tranquility, p. o., Granville county, S. Car.: 26 m N Raleigh. * * TRANQtriLiTT, p. 0., Susse.x CO., iV. Jer. : 66 m. N. Trenton TEANQnLtTT, p. o., Adams co., Ohio.- 76 m. 8 bv W Columbus. ' TisANQtriLLiA, p. o., Jones Co., Ga. : a littlo N. of branch of Oconee r., 20 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. Transit, p. a, Genesee co., Jf: r.: 2sr in. Vf bv M Albany. •" TcANsiT BEroGE, p. a, Alleghanv county, X T ■ «9i m W. by S. Allrany. ' " ' ' Transparent lake, M T. : lie, partly in Hamilton and partly in Herkimer counties, S3 m. N. W. Albany It i, 5 m long and 2 m. wide. 11^ waters, noted for their clearness' abound with salmon, trout, etc.. of v,ry large size and deli^ wirg imr " *" ""'"""'^"^ ^^ « ^'W "^•fc'i™. abounding Trap Hill, p. o., Wilkes ca, X. Ca,: : 149 m. W. by N Trappe, p. v., Talbot ca, 3ia. : 82 m. S. E. Annapoliii Trappe, p. v., Montgomery county, P«,„... 78 m. E Harrisburg. « i«- j,. Jalksra'"^"' ""■ "" ^"''°'"' ™''°'^' ^^'■■' ™ "^ E. N. E. TRA TRE Thask, p. o., Grant eo., Imh : 61 in. N. N. E.Ineuse cr., 65 m. E. by S. Jofferson Cily. TnAVELT-EB's Kest. p. V., Dooly CO., (?a. : about 2J m. E. Fliot r.. T5 m. S. W. Milledgpville. Tbavelleu's Uest, p. 0., Coosa county, Alu.: 27 m. N. MoiUsoiiiery. Tp.AVELr.Ei:'s Rest. p. o., Greenville dist,, S. Car,: 99 m. N. "W. Couiiibia. Travei:se T)e Stoux, p. v., Dakota county, Jtflnn. Ter.: eiliuileil "n Minni sola r.,-by which It is ^2 m. from St. Paul ; in ilin-cl f m. W. S.W. St. Paul. It was I.iid out in 1S52. In the spring of ISS-i it ront;iinr'd 3 trading houses. Sfveral stores, etc., with gooii prospects of increasiug trade. TrtAVis county, Tea>. Situate centrally, and contains about 1,000 sq. m. The Rio Colorado passes centrally thrnugh it, by which and its affluents it is drained. To the N. W. is an extensive territory, which is attached to the co. Surface varied : in the northern portinns, hills and valli'ys being inter^p^'^sed. while in the southern it extemls iulo broad, level plains, resembling the rich prnlrte lands of the adjr>ining territory. Soil feriile, and consists chirfly of a dei-p blai-k mold, which is generally very productive. Farms 140 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 42.3. and pop.— wh. 2,336, fr. col. 1],?1 TI>l—toiaI 3,138. Cupitnl: Austin. Travis, p. o., Austin co., TfX. : in the N. part of the co., S6 m. E. by S. Auslin City. Tratloksvilt-e. p. o., Uenry co., Vinj. : on branch of Dan r.. 14S m. W. S. W. Richmond. Treapway, p. 0., Barnwell dist., S. Car.: 5S ra. S. S. W. Columbia. Tkeibi.evti.le, p. v., Monroe county, Peiui. : 94 m. N. E. Ilarrrsburg. Trep hlersville, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn. : T2 m. E. N. E. Ilarrisburg. Tr.EMAiNviLLE, p. V., Liicas CO., Oldo: 99 m. N. by W. Columi)us. Tr.EMONT, p. v.. and cap. Tazewell co., ///. .■ ,50 m. N. by E. Springtlidd. It is pleasantly situated on a heantiful elevatci! prairie, and is a place of considerable trade. It wjia laid out in IS.Sd. It contains the court-house and jail, stores, etc. Tp.EMONT. t.. p. v.. ;md sta.. Schuylkill co.. Pnnt.: 32 nv N. E. H:irrrsliurir. This t. and vieiniiy aboutid with coal The Mine Hill R. R. extends to this f.lace, 12 in. from Schuylkill Ilavi'ii. The following siatlslies of deaU-rs iu coal at this place are for the year enrling .June 30, ISoft: C„,10p..«on,. ^;i;;;^ '^'^ ^™-;_ V.,ue. Levi S. S|iangler.. . $10.)ioO $6t;7 $21.iiOO $42,000 Henry Kekcl 17,000 1.66T 30.000 en.OUO Tremont. p. v. and sta., Clark co., Ohio: on Mad River and Lake Krie R. R.. 127 ni. from Sandusky, 7 m. from Springfield. 46 in. W. C-dumlms. Tremont, Land p. o., Hancock county. 3fr.: 72 m. E. Augusta. It comprises the S. W. part of iMount Desert island. Pop. 1.425. Trenton, p. v . ■Ta'-kson co.. A)it.: on W. side of Point Eock r.. a intiut^iry ofTenne.ssee r , 164 m. N. Montgomery. Trenton, p. v., and cap. Dade co.. G, jail, etc., and several dwe'ling-^. Trenton, p. v., Henry county, la. : 40 m. S. by W. Iowa City. Tp.enton. p. o.. Waehita parish, La. : \m m. N. N. W. Batm Rouge. Trkniov. p. o.. li-'indnlph county, /»//. ; 60 m. E. N.'e. Indianapulis. Tken-ton. p. v.. Tod.l county. Ay.; 167 m. S. W. by W. Fr;inUr..rt. Tee^ton, p. v., Wayne co., MicJu : on W. channel of M5 Detroit strait, 79 m. S. E. by E. Lansing. It has consider- able lake trade. Exports in 1S4S, $25,554; imports, do., $7,325. Total value of exports and imports in 1848. $32,879. Trenton, p. v., and cap. Grundy co., Mo. : on E. side of Crookci! fork of Grand r., 131 m. N. W. by "W. Jeffersim Cily. It contains the county buildings and several dwellings. Trenton, p. cily, and cap. Mercer co., 27. Jfr., and cap. of the State of New Jersey: is situated on the E. side of Dela- ware r., at the mouth of Assunpink cr., opposite the lower falls, and at the heaii of steamboat and sloop navigation. Lat. 40° 14' N.. long. 74° 46'- S(i" W. from Greenwich, and 20 15' E. from ■V^*a^hington. Its distance by the most direct railroad from Bo-^ton is 2i)3 m., from New York 5S m., from Philadelphia 29 m., from Baltimore 127 m., from Washing- ton 165 m. The city is pleasantly located on ground somewh.it un- even, and is laid out with general ri'gularily. Many of the public buildings are handsome edifices. The State House, beautifully situated near the Delaware, commanding a fine view of it and of the vicinity, is built of stone, 100 feet long and 60 feet wide, and stuccoed to resemble granite, with a handsome portico ofGcolunini*, and beautiful dome. The pub- lic offices are fire-proof buildings. The Governor's House is a plain but commotlious building. The Court-house is a handsome edifice of brick, stuccoed, in Grecian architec- ture, with a portico of Ionic columns at each end, and sur- mounted with a balcony. Tlie State Lunatic Asylum is a very fine building, with ample grounds, etc. It was opened for patients May 15, 1848. In Jaimary 1, 1851, it contained 162 patients (S6 males and 76 females). During 1S51 it ro- ceivcd 102 and discharged 93 patients, leaving on January 1. 1^52, 171. The e.xpenses of the asylum during 1^51 were ?27,170, receipts $22,076. The State Prison, in South Tren- ton, is well situated in an area of 4 acres, inclosed by walla 3 feet thick and 2') feet high.. The number of prisoners ou December 31, 1850, was 210, on December 31. 1851, 207. Earnings of the prison in 1S51, $18,69S, expenses of do. $11,853. balance paid the St:ite $6.S40. The city also con- tains a public library, established in 1750, a lyceum, and 10 churches. Newsp.npers in 1S50— "True American" (dem.), "Trentonian," and " New Jersey Strde Gazette,-' each pub- lished daily and weekly; also the ''New Jersey Weekly Visitor." The railroad and steamboat connections of Trenton have made it a great thoroughfare and ilie centre of extensive trade. The New Jersey R. R. here connects with the Pliil- adelphia and Trenton R. R., constituting the principal route between New York and Philadelphia. The Trenton Branch R. R. extends hence to Bordentown, C m., connecting with Camden and Amboy R. R. The Belvidere Delaware R. R. cxtbtained from the f;dls on the D(-taware, and greatly increased by artificial means; also some water-power fu^^i^hed by Assunpink or .\mong the principal manufactures are pajx-r, Icailier, and lumber : there are also several flouring, grist, and saw mills, with various other establishments. The city contains two Imnks, with an agsregate capital of $310.iki0. The Dela ware r, is here cro>tset settled about the year 1720, an'l was incorporated as a city in 1792. It is memor- 857 TRE TRI able fnr Ihe " Baltic of Trenton," ou the night of December 25lh, 1T7(», when Gen. Washington crossed the Delaware, and suddenly captured 1,U00 Hessians of the British army, which signal event, in that gloomy period of the Revolu- tion, greatly encouraged the American forces. Pop. in 1S4(), 4.035 ; in lS5ii, G,766. Trknton, p. v., and cap. Jones co., JVi Car. : on S. sido of Trent r, 82 m. S. E. Kaleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, stores, etc. Pop. about 125. Trenton, p. v. and aia., Butler co., Ohio. : on W. side of Miami r., S2 ra. W. S. W. Columbus. The Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton K. K. passes through, 33 m. from Cincinnati, 27 m. from Dayton. ■ Tkenton, t. and p. v., Oneida county, IT. Y. : 86 m. N. "W by W. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil clay loam, and fertile. Drained by Nine Mile and West Canada creeks. The town contains several villages, of which the principal aro Trent()n and Trenton Falb — the former, near the centre of the town, 13 m. N. from Ulica, was incorporated in 1S19, and contains about 450 inhabitants, 2 churches, with taverns, stores, etc. Pop. of t. 3,540. Teestok, p. v., and cap. Gibson co., Tenn. : on S. branch of Forked Deer r., 12M m. W. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 churches, stores, etc., and a branch of the Bank of Tennessee, with a capital of $254,208. The " Star Spangled Banner'' (whig) is published weekly. Pop. about 750. Trenton, t and p. o., Dodge co., Wise. : 45 m. N. E. by N. Madison. Pop. 997. Trenton Corners, p. 0., Dodge county, Wise: 46 m. N. E. by N. Madison. Trenton Falls, p. v., Oneida county, y. Y. : at Trenton Falls, on West Canada cr., 84 m. N. W. by W. Albany. These falls are six in number and separate. All these are formed by solid reefs of rocks which cross the bed of the stream. The first, called the Upper, decends 20 feet per- pendicular; the second, the Cascades, IS feet; the third, the Mill Dam, 14 feet; the fourth, the High Falls, which have three separate cascades of4S,ll,and 37 feet; the fiflh, Sherman's, 35 feet; the sixth, Conrad's, 15 feet, terminates the ravine, where is a mill dam. Besides these falls there are several raceways, from 10 to 20 rods long, through which the water flows very rapidly. The entire descent of the stream, from the top of the Upper Fall to the foot of Conrad's Fall, is 312 feet, and the distance is about 2 m. The ravine through which the creek passes is often 100 feet deep, with banks of s'one almost perpendicular. The scenerj- thus presented is wild, picturesque, and beautiful, and when the water is high, is of much grandeur. The country adjoining is mostly covered with forest trees, thus retaining fur the ravine its primeval appearance, which. In fact, constitutes the greatest charm of these falls. The number of visitors is very large. These are accommodated in first-class style by an excellent hotel. Teevillian's Dei'Ot. p. o. and sta., Louisa co., Yirg.: 42 m. N. W. Richmond. The Virginia Central E. R. passes through it, 67 m. from Richmond. Tkevouton, p. 0., Northumberland CO., Penn.: 83 m. N. by E. Hiirrisburg. Tr.EXLEETowN, p. v., Lehigh co., Penn. : 69 m, E. N". E. Harrisburg. TniADEt.i'HiA, p. v., Montgomery co., Md. : on PaluxenI r., 88 m. W. N. W. Annapolis. It contains a cotton factory, and is surrounded by a beautiful country. Tr.iADELPiHA, p. v., Ohio county, Virg,: 248 m. N. W. Eichnioiid. Pop. 242. TEiAnixi'uiA, p. v., Morgan co., Ohio: 66 m. W. S. W. Columbus. Tr.iANA. p. v., Madison co., Ala. : on N. side of Tennessee r., at the mouth of Indian cr., 156 m. N. by W. Montgomery. TitiANiiLE, t. and p. v., Broome county, N. Y. : 116 m. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Olselic and Tioughnioga rivers, wliich here unite. Surface hilly. It contains several 855' milts, stores, etc. The v. is located on a branch of tho Tioughnioga r. Pop. oft 1, 72S. Tribe's Hin., p. v., Montgomery co., K. Y.: ou N. bank of the Mohawk r., 34 m, N. W. by W, Albany. The Ulica and Schenectady R. R. passes through the v., 56 ra. E. Ulica. Trice's Store, p. o., Orange co., N. Car.: 30 m. N. W. Raleigh, Trier, p. o., Bexar CO., Tfer. ; 134 m. S. W. Austin City. Trigg county, Ky. Situated S. toward tho W., and con- tains 356 sq. m. Drained by Little r. and its branches, which enttsr the Cumberland r. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Chief productions, tobacco, cotton, wheat, and In- dian com. It is bounded on the W. by Tennessee r. Farms 843 ; manuf. 37 ; dwell. 1,2S1, and pop.— wh. 7,252, tt. cot. SO, si, 2,797— total 10,129. Capital: Cadiz. Trimble county, Ky. Situate N., and contains 127 sq. m. Drained by Little Kentucky and small tributaries of (he Ohio. Surface undulating, and presenting high bluffs ua. the shore of the Ohio; soil generally fertile Chief produc- tions, tobacco and Indian corn. Farms 469; manuf. 19; dwell. 865, and pop.— wh. 4,997, fr. col. 25, si. 941— total 5,963. Capitul: Bedford. Trimble, L and p. o., Athena co.^ Ohio: 55 m. S. E. Cfv lumbus. Drained by Sunday cr., branch of llockhocking r. Pop. 924. Trinity county, Calif. Situate between the Cascade Range and the Pacific, and between 40° and 41^ N. lat. Drained by Trinity r., a branch of Klamath r, and Eel r., which empties into the ocean. Humboldt bay is in the N. W. corner of the co. Surface considerably broken — in the E. hilly, and many of the summits of the range are very lofly. ML Linn is the highest peak. Pop. in 1S52, 1,764 : whites 1,764 — males 1,741, and females 23 ; negroes 6 ; mu- lattoesS; Indians (domesticated) 4; foreign residents l.'io, of which only 5 were females. Over 21 years of age: 1.491 citizens, 5 negroes, 6 nmlattoes, 3 Indians, and 13S foreign residents. Land under cultivation, 275 acres. Capital em- ployed : in placer mining, $34,440 ; in other mining, $2S,S20 ; and fur other purposes, $201,117. Capital : Humboldt City. Trinity county, Tex. Situate toward the E., and con- tains 9SS sq. m. Drained by Big Pine cr. anil affluents of Trinity r., which forms its S. W. boundary. Surface undu- lating, and presents a surface of gently-swelling lands, thickly covered with pine forest. Soil fertile, and adapted to cotton, corn, and potatoes. As yet, the land has been but little cultivated, and but few of its agricultural resources developed. Capital: Trinity C. H. Trinity, p. o., Chatahoula par.. La. ; on W. side of Wachita r., SS m. N. N. W. Baton Rouge. Trinity, p. o., Mnrgan county, Ala.: 144 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Trinity river, Tev^.: is formed by a number of streams uniting in Dallas county, in a forest called the Cross Tim- bers; flows S. E., and empties into Galveston bay. It lias numerous branches, and in its course atTords excellent water-power. Trinity river, Klamath co., Calif.: rises in the Cnaat Range Mountains, in E. part of the co., flows S. W. int^i Trinity, where it receives Panther creek. \>h«-n it taki-s a N. W. course and empties in the Klamatli river. Gold is found in all parts of its val ey. Tkinity Springs, p. o., Martin co., /nt/. .■ on E. side of While r., 73 m. S. S. W. Inilianapolis. Trinity valley. Klamath co., Calif. : 195 m. N. by W. Vallejo. A portion of this valley is set apart as an Indian reservation. Tkion, p. o., Jefferson co., Tenn. : 1S3 m. E. Nashville. Trion. p. o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala. : on a small branch of Black Warrior r., 79 ni. N. W. Montgomery. Trion Factory, p. o., Chatooga co., Ga. : 163 m. N. W. Milleiigeville. Trii'lett, p. o., Fleming co., Ky. : on cr. of same name 73 m. E. by N. Frankfort. TRI TRO TitiPoLi, p. v., TishemiDgo co., Miss. : 200 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. Tkilne, p. v., Williamson county, Teim. : 13 m. S. by W. Nashville. Ti;ir.)Li, p. v., Peoria county, lil. : 62 m. N. by W. Springfli.'Ui. Tkoublesome, p. o., Rockingham county, JV". Cai'. : on Troublesoniu cr., ST m. N. W. lialeigh. It contains iron ^rorks. Tkoup county, Oa.: situate W., and contains 417 sq. m. iJrainfil by Cliattahooehec r. and branches, of whicli Yel- low Jacket cr. is tiie principal. Surface undulating; aoil ferlile, and in general very productive. It is well adapted to cotton, of which a large quanlily is annually produced, and is the staple. "Wheat ami Indian corn are also raised. There is some good pine and other timber on the hmd. Farms 7S9; manuf. S; dwell. 1,21)5, and pop.~wh. 7,7S9, fr. col. 42, si. 9,043— total 16,879. Capital: La Grange. PuUic Works: La Grange K. li. Tkoup Faotoev, p. o., Troup county, Ga.: 106 m. W. Milledgeville. Troupskuro, t. and p. v., Steuben co., N. Y. : 199 m. S. W. by S. Albany. Drained by Cowenesque cr. Surface undulating. It has good water-power, and some mdl sites. The V. is on Cowenesque cr. Pop. of t. 1,754. TR'jtPViLLE, p. v., and cap. Lr)wndes co., G't. : on K. side of Withlacoochee r, 173 m. S- Milledgeville. It coulains Ihe couniy buildings, etc. Trousdale, p. o., Warren co., Tenn. : 56 m. E. S. E. Nashville. Trout island, Mich. : in the N. part of Lake Michigan, N. from Litlle Beaver Island. Trout Creek, p. o., Delaware co.,iV. Y. : 72 m. W. S. W. Albany. Trout Creee, p. o., Saint Clair co., Aid. : 93 m. N. Motitgomi-ry. Trout river, Fe^rwi. ; rises by the junction of several branches in Monig.: on Cuivre r., 71 m. E. N. E. Jefferson Ciiy. It cnntains the county buildings, etc. Troy, I. and p. v., Cheshire co., y. Ifimp.: 44 m. S. W. Concord. Drained by affluents of Ashuelot r. It has s(.me manufacturcH. but il is cbiefiy an agricultural town. The v. is on Ihe Cheshire R. It., 10 m. S. K. Keene. Pop. oft. 759. Troy, p. eily. and cap. Rensselaer co., JV. 5* ; on K. sipapers in 1350, "Northern Budget" (dem.) daily, and 4 weeklies, "Troy Whig," "Troy Post." *' Family Journal" (,teiup.},and "New York State Republican" (whig). Troy is pre-eminently distinguishe■ E- S. E. Madison. Drained by Honey cr. It is an excellent farm- ''"T;:v."'p.''v.r™ne county, TV..: 119 m. N. E. ^TllTv^U^and p. v., Orleans co., Verm.: 46 m. N. by E. 860 Montpelier. Drained by Missisqui r. Surface level. Water- power is derived from the falls on llie Missisqui river, which pass down a ledge of rocks some 70 feeL Iron ore is found in the vicinity. It contains furnaces, f.irges. tanneries, mills, etc. The v. is on the W. side of Missisqui r. Top. oft. 1,008. Trov Centkk, p. o., Walworth co., Wise. : 52 m. E. S^. li. Madison. Trot Gkove, p. o., La Salle county. III. : on W. bank ot Little Vermillion r., IK! m. N. by E. Springfield. Troy Lake, p. o., Walworth CO., \Vi.ic.: 55 m. E. S. h. Madison. r^ ^ ,■- Taov Mills, p.o., Fulton co., TU. : on S. side of W. f.irk of Spoon r., a tributary of Illinois r., 70 m. N. W. by N. Springfield. Tbov'8 Stokk, P.O., Eandolph co., N. Car.: 62 m. W. Trucksville, p. o., Luzerne CO., Pmn. : 84 m. N. E. hy IN . Harrisburg. i, k w TBumsviLLE, p. o., Greenup co.. Ay. .■ 115 m. E. by N. Frankfort „ ,- loo w Tku-massbueo, p. v., Tompkins co., N. 3 . : Wi m. w. Albany. It contains several manufactories, consisting of carriages, lumber, iron, etc. Tkombauesville, p. v., Bucks CO.. Pen7U : 89 m. E. Harrisburg. , . . ooo Tbo,me,ji.l county, O/i to. Situate N. E., and contains 892 sq m Drained by Mahoning r., and Shenango, Mill, and Musquito creeks, ami head branches of Grand river. Stir- face undulating, and pleasantly diversified. Soil fer ile, consisting of a deep mold, intermixed with sand and c ay and adapted to grair, which with wheat, oats, and potatoes form the staples. H exports beef, pork, butler, and cheese access being had to the Eastern markets by means of he M-ihonino Canal, a branch of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, which passes through the county. Agriculture is the reading pursuit. Farms 2,753; manuf 1.53; dwcd . 6, 69, and poi,:-«h. 30.465, fr. col. »5-total 80.490. CapM: Warren. PiiUic Worls : Cleveland and Mahoning I.. P.. ; Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal. TaUMBaLL, t. and p. v., Fairfield county, Ton,,..- 46 m. S W by S. Harlford. Drained hy Pequannock r. Surface varied by hills and valleys. Grain and hay is raised Its manufaclures consist of woolen goods, lumber, etc. The v. is on the E. side of Pequannock river, near the Housiilonic KK which passes through the town. Pop. of t. 1,313. ■tk^mbvll. t, and p. o„ Ashtabula Co., Ul.i,, : 153 m. N. E Columbus. Drained by a branch of Grand r. Organized inlSi5. Pop. 805. ,r v.144m fBU.MnL-LLCoENEiu5,p. 0., Tompkms CO., y. 3.. 144 m. W. by S. Albany. Tbl-mbull Losg HtLL. p. v., Fairfield CO., Co-m ; 49 m. S. W by S. Hartfor.l. It is the first land seen from the ocean in this direction. TBfSDLE-s Cp.083 F.oads, p. o., Scvicr CO., Tenn. . 16S m. E. by S. Nashville. t- o r. Tbubo, t. and p. v., Barnstable CO., JA<» .■ 56 m. E. S. E. Boston. It occupies the N. part of Cape Cod, having the Atlantic Ocean on the E. and Cape Cod bay on the W. Pimet r. sets in from the bay 3 ni long and about } of a m. wide The soil is light and sandy, Willi a very scanty growth of vegetation. The cod and mackerel fisheries are extensively carried on, from which the inhabitants derive their chief subsistence. Salt is extensively manufactured. There is a lighthouse ou the Highlands, on the N. K. coast, near North Truro village, lat. 42° 02' 23" N., and long. 7(P 03' 65" W. ; heialil of lantern from the sea, ISO l\-eU The village is on the N. side of Pamet r. Pop. of t. 2,061. Tburo. p. o., Knox county, lU. : T6 m. N. N. W. Springfield. ,,,,., u Truss, p. o.. .Teffcrson co., Ala. : on S. Bide of head branch of Cahawbii r., 88 m, N. by W. Montgomery. _ Tkuxton, t. and p. v., Cortlandt co., 2f. Y. : 118 m. W. TRU TUO Albany. Drainej;a r. Surface umiu- lating. The manufiictures consisi of woolens, leulber, iron, lumber, elc. The v. is on the Tiotii^hnioga r.. anil eonlains several mills, sash factories, a funiaci.*, tannery, etc. Pup. of t 3.623. Trl'xtdk, p. o.. Bureau ca, lU. : 113 m. N. SpringfleM. TitvoN, p. o., RiilherronI co., N. Car.: on S. side of N. Pacoiel r.. 193 m. W. S. W. Kalcigh. TucKAKoE, p. v., Cape May county, K. J^r,: 60 m. S. Trenton. TucKAiioE, p. o., Jefferson county, Temi. : 193 m. E. Nashville. TucKAiroK. p. V. and sta., Westcheater county, A'. Y. : on the U:irl( m R. R., 20 m. from the City Hall, New York eiiy, and 153 m. S- Albany. TrcKALK.EriiEB Cove, p. o., Blount co., Tenn.: on S. Bide of Lillle r., 172 m. K. by S. Niishville. TucicASAGA, p. o., Mecklenburg co., iV. Car. : 120 m. "W. S. W. Ruleigh. TuoKEii's Cabin, p. o., Ilenr)- co., Ga. : GG m. W. N. TV. Milled geville. TrcKERToN, p. v., and port of entry for Little Egg Harbor district, Burlington Co., y. Jev.: on the Ailantic Ocean, at the head of Tuckertnn Mill cr., which empties Into the bay of Little Egg Harbor. 45 ra. S. E. by S. Trenton. It is well laid out, the streets crossiug at right angles, and lined with shaile trees. Salt is manufactured, anri wood and lumber are exported. Flat boats ascend the river from Litde Egg Harbor, 6 m. The enrolled and licensed tonti:ige for the year ending June 30. 1S50, was 6.1S3 ion?, all of whicli were engaged in the coasting trade. It is a phice of summer resort for sea bathing. TrrroxBoRo', t. and p. v., Carroll co., K. Hump.: 34 m. N. N. E. Concord. Winnipiseogee lake i'ounds it on the S. W., and presents a delightful prosjiei-U it has several ponds. The inhabitants arc generally engageii in farming, etc. First settled in 17S0; incorporaied in 17D5. Pop. (►f 1. 1,-305. Tiro River, p. o., Tazewell county, Virg.: 245 m. "W. Eichinomi. Tfi.ARR county. Cii^if. Taken from the S. part of Mari- posa county, and contains Tulare lake and nil iL* tributaries. In 1852 it had 8,575 inhabitants, viz., wh. 174 — males 143. and females 32; negro 1 : Indir.ns S.40,S — males 5.S00, and females 2,GU7. The Indians are contained in fourteen tribes. Tltlaee lake, Tulare co., Calif. : is 52 m. long, and from 6 to 1(1 m. wide. Tulip, p. o., Dallas co., Ark.: 49 m. S. S. W. Little Eock. TuLLAHOMA, p. V. and sta., Franklin co.. Tenn, : 70 m. 8. E. by S. Nashville. The Nashville ami Chatt.anooga E. li. piisses through, and here connects with the Mackmin- viile and Manchester R. R. (in construciion). Ti;i.LV. p. v., Lewia co.. Mo. : on E. side of Mississippi r., 112 m. N. by E. JotTr-rson City. TuLLY. p. o., Van Wert co., Ohio : 112 m. N. W. Columbus. Ti'Li.Y. L and p. v., Onondaga co., X. Y. : 123 m. W. by N. Alb;uiy. Surface generally level ; soH Hay loam. Dnnned by Onondiiga cr., and Tioughnioga r. The v. conlains 1 church, a few stores, and about 300 iiihabiiants. The Syra- cuse antl Binghampton E. E. passes through this I. Pop. of t, 1.550. TitLi.YTowN, p. v., Bucks county, Penn.: 94 m. E. Harrisl'urg. TCLLY Valt.ey, p. o. W. by N. All)any. TuLLYviLLE. p. o.. Monroe co., Ark. : on E. side of Big cr., 72 m. E. Litile Rock. TuLPEHoccAN. L and p o., Berksco., Penn. : 42 ro. E. by N. Harrisburg. Surface diversiflM; soil very fertile. Drained by tribularies of Tulpehock.-n cr. The Union Canal passes along its S. border. It eon'-ains tanneries, diaiilleries, and Onondaga co., X. Y.: 127 m. saw mills, with some other manufacturing establishments. Pop. aliout 1,800. TiTMBLE, sla.. Hunterdon co., K Jer. : on BeU'id.Te Del- aware R. R., SJ ni. from Milfonl, 25J m. from Trenton. Tir.MBUNG SuoAi-s, p. o., Laurens dist. S. Car.: on W. side of branch of Saluda river, 74 miles N. "W. by W. Raleigh. TuMUNSONViLLE, p. o., Scott CO., Ark.: on "W. bank of King's cr., 104 m. "W. by N. I-ittle Rock. TuNBRinoR. t. and p. v.. Orange county, Verm. : 2S m. S. by E. Montpelier. Drained by the first branch of White r. Surface varied, in parts elevated. It is prinoii)ally a farming town, a considerable quantity of ihe produds of which are sent to market. The v. on the fir.»*t branch of White r. contains sevt-ral churches, mills, and trip-hammer works. There is a ^^ulphur spring of some note in the W. part of the town. Pop, of t. 1,786. TcNicA county. J/Z-^.y. Situate N. W., and contains 574 sq. ra. Drained by branches of Coldwater river, which flows through its N. E. poriitm, and by inimerous streams entering the Missi.ssippi river. Surface ide;f^anUy divi-rsitied with lakes; the land hilly toward the W., and trrminaling in hiirh bluffs on the Mi.ssi»sippi river, which bounds it on t!ie W, Chief productions Indian corn and potatoes. The soil is best adapted to gnzing. Farms 41 ; niatnif 0; dwHl. 73, and pop.— wh. 396, fr. col. 1. si. 917— total 1,314. Caj>it7 itdiabitants. viz.. wh. 16,925 — mabs" 15,967, atid fmudes 958: negrot-s. ItlO : mul;itiovs.42; domesticate"! Indians. 590; foreign residents, 8.61)3. Over 21 years of agi — citizens of the I'nited Stat'-g. 6,9"4 ; ne- groes. 95; mulaitoe-s 40: and fon-ign resr.lent-4. 8.600. Land in cultivation, 1.87u acres. Capitid— in quartz mining, $49.9U0; in placer mining. $76,085; and In other nanmg, $1,900. Total capital employed, |1, 283,885. Capital. Soimra. Tu' iLUMNE City, v., Tuolumne co., Calif. .- laid out at the head of navigation on the N. side of Tuolunme r., 30 m above its junction with the San Joaquin, and 78 m. S. E from Vallejo. It has quite a number of inhabitants, and its 861 Ttro proximity to the mines will render it important as a pleasant winter resilience for miners. TuoLOMNE river, Tuoiumne co., Calif. : rises by two branches in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, flows westwardly, and empties into the San Joaquin, about 30 m. above San Joaquin City, Ti-ppEi:*8 Plains, p. c, Meigs co., Ohio: 74 m. S. E. Columbus. TrKBoTviTXE, p. 0,, Northumberland co., Penn. : 55 ro. N. Harrisburg. TuEiN, t. and p. v., Tx-wis co., N. Y.: 112 m. N. "W. Albany. Black r. bounds it on the E., and its branches drain the t. Surface rolling. The v. is on a branch of lilack r., and contains several stores, and some manu- factures. The manufaoiures of the t consist of leather, flour, lumber, and oil. Pop. of 1 1.826. TrKKEv.p.o.. Monmouth CO., iV.tTe/"..' 1 m. N. Manaaquin r,, 27 m. E. Trenton. Turkey river, la, : in N. E. part of the State, flows S. E., and empties into the Mississippi, at Millville, in Clayton co. Tdrkey Cove, p. o., M'Dowell co., iT. Car. : 1S7 m. W. TuHKEY OovB, p. o., Lee co., Vlrg, : 804 m. W. by S. Richmond. Turkey Creek, p. o., Buncombe co., 2^. Car. : 303 m. W. Raleigh. Turkey Creek, p. o., Hunt county, Tetr. : 219 m. N. E. Austin City. Turkey Creek, p. o., Benton co., Mo. : 67 m. S. W. by "W. Jefferson City. Turkey Foot, t. and p. v., Somerset co., Penn.: 125 m. W. by S. Harrisbnrg. Drained by Castleman's r. and Lau- rel Hill cr. Surface hilly. Laurel Hill Mountain is on the W. and Negro Mountain on the E. boundary. Turkey Foot, p. c, Scolt county, Ky. : IS m. E. by N. Frank lorL TiiRKEY Grotk, p. o., Dane co., Wise, Turkey Town. p. v., Cherokee co., Ala.: on the Ala- bama and Tennessee R. R., 123 m. N. by E. Montgomery. Tubman's Creek, p. v., Sullivan co.. IiuJ. : on E. aide of creek of same name, SO m. S. W. by W. Indianapolis. Turman's Ferey, p. o., Lawrence co., Ay. ; on W. bank of Big Sandy r., 131 m. E. Frankfort. Turnback, p. o., Dade co., Mo, : on E. side of branch of Sac r.. 124 m. S. W. Jefferson City. TuBNBULL, p. v., Monroe co., Ala. : on S. side of branch of Flat cr.. 69 m. S. W. Montgomery. Turner, t and p. o., Oxford co., Me. : on the W. side of Androscoggin r., 25 m. W. S. "W. Augusta. Drained by branch of Androscoggin r. Surface pleasantly diversified; soil fertile. Incorporated in 17S6. It contains several lum- ber yards, grist and saw mills, tanneries, etc. There are a number of thriving villages in the town. Pop. of t. 2,537. Turner Creek, p, o., Potter co., Penn.: 110 m. N. W. by N. Harrisburg, Turners, p. v.. and sta., Orange co., K. Y. : on the New York and Erie R. R., 47 m. N. W. New York city. Tt'rnek's Store, p. o., Caroline county, Yirg. : 33 m. N. Kichmond. TuBNERSvn.i.E, p. v., Eobertsou county, Tenn. : 31 m. N.W. by N. Nashville. TuRNERSviLLE. sta.. Mobile co,, Ala.: on the Mobile and Ohio R. R..5 m. N. Mobile and 157 m. S. W. Montgomery. Turns, p. o., Monroe county, Perm.: 95 m. N. E. by E. Harrisburg. Turtle Creek, p. v., Alleghany co., Pentu : 150 m. "W. Harrisburg. Turtle Town, p. o., Cherokee county, K. Car. : 295 m. W. by S. Raleigh. TuRTLEviLLE, p. o., Uuion CO., Penn.: 40 m. N. N. W. Harrisburg. Tusoahoma, p. o., Tallahatchee co.. J/J-ss. ; on the S. side of Yallabusha r.,'110 m. N. Jackson. TUT Tuscaloosa county, Ala, Situate N. W. centrally, and contains 1,50" sq. m. Black Warrior r. flows through it from N. E. to S. W., by which and its affluents and by Sipsey r., a tributary of Tombigbee r., it is drained. Surface undu- lating; soil consists of a rich mold, and is verj- fertile— ii is well adapted to cotton, which is the staple pmduction of the cimnty. Farms 1.115; manuf. 32; dwell. 1.914, and pop.— wh. 10,553, fr. col. 26, si. 7,477— total 1S,056. Capit^ ; dwell. 5,441. and pop.— wh. 31,672, fr, col. 89 — total 31.761. Capital: New Philadelphia. Public Worka : Springfield, Mount Vernon, and Pittsburg E. E. ; Ohio Canal. Tuscarawas, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio : on Ohio Canal, W. si«le of Tuscarawas r., S4 m. E. N. E, Columbus, TcscARORA, p. o., Lee co., la. : 67 m. S. Iowa City. TuscARoRA, p. v., Livingston county, N. 3'.; 204 in. TV. Albany. Tuscola county, 3£ich, Situate E, centrally in the S. por- tion of the State, and contains SU sq. m. Drained by Cass r. and its branches. Surface even ; soil fertile, and produces good crops of wheat, oats, etc. It has good water- power, which might be put to advantage in the establish- ment of factories. Farms IS ; dwell 65, and pop — wh. 291, fr. col. 0— ^^tal 291. Capital : Tuscola. TtiscoLA, t. and p. o,, Livingston co,, 3fich. : 30 m. E. Lansing. Drained by small branches of Shiawassee r. A farming town containing 544 inhabitants. TuscuMBiA, p. Y., Franklin co., Ala. : about 2 m. S. Ten- nessee r.. 1S2 m. N, N. W. Montgomerj*. The Memphis and Charle^ston R. R. passes through this place. It contains an iron foundry, several stores, etc. A spring here flows from a fissure in a limestone rock, whiih discharges 20,000 cubic feet of water per minute, and it flows a considerable stream 2i m. to Tennessee r. The depth of the spring where it' issues from the rock is S feet. The "North Alabamian" (whig) and "Franklin Democrat" (dem.), are both published weekly. Pop. about 2,300. Ti'sccMBiA. p. v.. and cap. Miller co.. Mo. : on right bant of Osage r, 23 m. S. W. by S. Jeflerson City. It contains the couniy buildings, etc. TusKEGEE, p. v., and cap. Macon co., Ala. : on a small branch of Tallapoosa r., 37 m. E. Montgomery. It contains the CO. buildings, etc. The ''Macon Republican" (whig), and " Herald" (whig) are issued weekly, and the " Univer- salisl" semi-mnnihly. Pop, about 600. TustjuiTEE, p. o., Cherokee co., K. Car. : 2S3 m.W. by 8. Raleigh. TuTiiiLL, p. v., Ulster co., X T. : 76 m. S. S.W. Albany \ TOT UDI Tctttle's CofiNEEs, p. o., Susscx CO., N. Jer. : 60 m. N. TrentOQ* TwALiTT PLAEiS, p. o., Washington co., Oreg. Ter. : 30 m. N. by K. Sak-m. Twelve Milk, p. o., Pickens district, S.Car;: 117 m. N. W. by W. Culmubia. TwKLVE Mile, p. o., Cass co., Tnd.: 6S m. N. by "W. Imiiaiiapoiis. Twelve Mile Creek, p. o., Steuben co., J^. Y. : 122 m. W. by S. Albany. Twelve Mile Pkaibie, p. c, St. Clair co., HI.: 95 ni. S. by ^Y. Spriny;fleld. Twenty Mile Stand, p. c, "Warren CO., Ohio: 78 m. S. W. by \V. C^ll^mbus. TwiGGS county, G', J/t/.v.s. .■ 112 m. W. Boston. Watered by branches of Ilousatonic r., one of which flows from a pond in its 3. E. part. The I is twice crossed by two heavy ranges of hills. The V. at the centre is neatly built. In its S. W. part is Shaker village. The t. also contains 3 churches, and several grist and saw mills. Pop. 321. Tyro, p. v., Crawford county, Ohio: 66 m. N. by E. Columbus. Tyrone, t. and p. o., Livingston county, Mich. : 40 m. E. L:msing. Drained by Ore cr., a branch of Shiawassee r The inhabitanis are generally engaged in farming, etc. Pop. in 1S40, 394; in 1S50, 367. Tyrone, p. v., Blair county, Penii,: 76 ra. W. N. W Ilarrisburg. Situated on N. E. part of the county, and on Pennsylvania K. E , llS m. W. Ilarrialjurg. Tyrone, p. o., Coshocton county, Ohio: 62 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Tyrone, t, and p. v., Steuben cf>., A^. Y. : 173 m. "W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil clay and calcareous loam. Draiiu'd by Mud er., which flows through two large ponds on its W. border. The v. contains 2 churches, stores, etc. The t. also contains several tanneries, grist and saw mills, etc. Pr)p. of v. about 250 ; of the t. 1,394. Tyrone Mills, p. o., Fayette county, Penn.: 140 m. "W Ilarrisburg. Tyrrell county, N'. Car. Situate E., and contains 727 sq. m. Drained by Alligator r. and its briinehcs; which waters are discharged into Albemarle sound. Surface low and generally even, in many parts it is liable lo submersion, and Is too wet for cultivation; soil wlicre fit lor tillase is fertile, and produces rice, ct>tton, grain, etc., which form the staple articles of commerce. On tlie K. in the Atlantic, are islands belonging to the county, of whieli the principal is Eoaniike. Farms 210; manuf. 41: dwell. 635. and pop. — wh. 8.301, fr. col. 130, si. I,7u2— total 5,133. Capital: Columbia. Tyson Fl'enace, p. o., Windsor co., Ver?n. : 55 m. S. by K Montpelier. U TTcrreE, p. v., Russell co., Al^. : 59 m. E. Montgomery. I'niiEE Anna, p. v.. and cap. Walton co., Flor.: on W. side of a braneh of Choclawhatchie river, 115 m. W. by N. Tidlahassee. It contains a court-house, about CO dwellings, and is surrounded by a very productive region. UuiNA, p. v., Kane co., 111.: 153 m. N. N. E. Springfield. 868 UFP UNI ITffington, p. v., Monongalia co., Virg. : 20T m. N. W. Bichmonrl. UiiLBRsvn.i.E. p. v., Northampton county, Perui.: 85 m. E. N. E. il:irrisl)urg. UriRinKfeviLLK, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 95 m. E. N. E. ColiiDiIuis. The Steubeiiville and lodinna E. E. passes through thia place. Pop. 577. Uintah river, L'ta?i Ter. : a trihulary of the Tiio Colorado, which it joins a Hllle above 40° N. lal., in Utah county. The valley of this r. is one of the few fertile j)Iace8 in this part (if the territory. Uintah Kort, Great Salt Lake co., Utah Ter, : a trading post on a hranch of Uintah r., 167 m. N. E. Fillmore Cily. Ulao, p. o., Washington county, WUc. : C7 m. E. N. E. Madison. Ulatt's valley, Solano co., Calif: lies N. E. of the Suisun Valley, is 5 m. long, and l|m. wide. It runs N. W. between two ranges of hillB, :ind opens out into the Sacramento Val- ley. It is a great ihorougbfure, aad the admiration of all travelers. Ulster county, K. Y. Situate toward the S. E., and con- tains 1,07(5 sq. ni. Drained by Walkill, Esopue, Eondoul, and Shiiwangunk creeks, which in their courses supply good water-power. Surface in general mountainous, the Shaw- angunk traversing iL for a distance of 30 miles in a N. E. direction, and the Blue mountains spreading over its W. section, between these is a broad fertile valK-y; soil various, on the hills being adapted to grazing, and in the valleys very fertile. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. This CO. contains many minerals, and some suljihur springs, also large quarries of marble and limesU)ne. It has some im- portant manufactures, and exports large quantities of coal, brought here by the canal, and lumber. Farms 3,539; manuf. 441 ; dwell. 9,735, and pop.— wh. 57,303, fr. col. 1,5S1— loud 69,334. Cdpitdl: Kingston. PuUic Works: Delaware and Hudson Canal ; Albany and Hoboken R. K. Ulster, t. and p. o., Bradf )rd county, Penn. : lo7 m. N. Ilarrisburg. Drains into the Susquehanna r., which makes its E. bonier. Surface diversified ; soil in the valley exceed- ingly riclL There are several saw and flour mills in the U, and several stores. Ulsterville, p. v., Ulster county, iV". F. ; 76 m. S. S. W. Albany. Ultima Thule, p. o., Sevier co.. Ark.: on Eock cr., a branch of Little r., 131 m. W. S. W. Liitle Eock. Ulysses, l, Tompkins co., *V. }'. : on the W. side of Cayuga lake, 8 m. N. AV. Ilhaca, and 152 m. W. from Albany. Drained by small slreams running into Cayuga lake, toward which its surface declines. It contains several manufactories. Pop. 3,122. Ulyssfb, t. and p. o.. Potter co., Penn. : 121 m. N. by W. Harrisburg. Drained by head waters of Pine cr. of Sus- quehanna r., and of the Genesee r. flowing in different directions. Surface elevated; soil fertile. Pup, 542. Umbagog lake. X. /lamp, and Me. : a large body t>f water located mostly in Maine, extending about 300 yards in width along the E. of the townships of Krrol and Camliridge in N. H. It is about 15 m. long, and in some parts 10 m. wide, and is little inn-rior to the Wiimepisiogee in extent and beauty. Its form is long and irregular, increasing in width from S. to N. Its outlet is on the N. W. side of Errol, and flows into the Androscoggin river. Umcolcus, p. o., Aroostook county, Me.: 173 m. N. E. Augusta. Umpqua City, p. v., and port, Umpqua co., Oreg. Ter. : at the mouth of Umpqua r., 92 m. S. S. W. Salem. It lies on a ntck between the river and Pacific Ocean; has a good Imrbor. and promises to become a flourishing place. Umi'qua river, Oreff. Ter. : a considerable stream falling into the Paciflc Ocean, abnut 40 m. to the N. of Cape Arago It rises by several branches from the coast range of moun- tains, and some of the heads are separated from tributaries of Itogue r. by a well-defined watershed. Gold has been found in the greater part of its length, and already several settlements are found on its banks. Uuipqua I'iiy at ila mouth. Providence and Gardiner on opposite si-les of the r. 6 m. up, Middlelon on its S. bank 13 m. up. Scoilsburg Myrtle City, and Gagniersville on the N. bank 22 to 25 m up, and Elkton at the confluence of Elk r. are the principal, and there are others on KIk r. and on the N. and ^. Umpqua rivers, which latter are the chief consiituents of the Umpqua. Unauilla, t. and p. v.. Livingston county, Mirh,: 31 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained l>y Puitage r., a branch of Huron river. Soil very fertile, atid one of the best towns in the county. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in farming Pop. in 1840. 643; In 1850, l.ii27. Unapilla, t. and p. v., Oti^ego co., K T, : 80 m. S. W of the village of Cooperslown, S4 m. W. by S. Albany Drained by Unadilla and Susquchantia rivers. Surface hilly and somewhat broken, but has rich alluvial flats. It contains some manufactures of woolens, leather, tobacco, etc., and has considerable trade in lumber. The v. on N. side of Susquehanna r. contains several mills, some manu- facturing establishments, a bank, cap. $l(iO,000, and about GOU inhabitants. Two covered bridges, each 250 feet long, resting on 3 arches, here span the river. Pop. of t. y,463 Unadilla river, iV. }'. ; rises in Bridgewuter, Oneida co., flows in a southerly direction, divitling the counties of Madison, Otsego, and Chenango, and falls into the Susque- hanna, in the N. E. corner of Brainbri-fge. It is about 5 m. in length, and affords immense hydraulic power. On its banks are situated several manufacturing villages. Unaiulla Centre, p. v., Otsego co., N. Y. : on a branch of Unadilla r., 84 m. W. by S. Albany. Unadilla Forks, p. v., Otsego co., iV. Y.: at the junction of the E. and W. branches of the Unadilla r., S9 ra. W. by S. Albany. It contains several manufactories, and about 300 inhabitants. Uncasville (Mohegan), p. v., New London co., Conn.: on the Keserxation of the Mohegan Indians, 36 m. S. E. Hartford. It contains a chape!, school-house, ilc.. erected at the expense of the general governmenL The New Lon- don, Willimantic, and Palmer R. E. passes it, 9 m. from New London. In the vicinity is a large factory, making drillings, running SO looms, 2,400 spindles, and employing about 100 operatives. Undicrhill, t. and p. v., Chittenden co., Verm. : 23 ra. N. W. Montpelier. Drained by head branches of Brown r., a tributary of Lamoille r., which affords water-power to several saw-mills. Surface uneven, with an inferior soil. The v. is on a branch of Brown r. Pop. of t. 1,599. Undekhill Centke, p. v., Chittenden co., Venn. ; 25 m. N. W. Montpelier. UsDEKWuou, p. o., Hopkins co., Ki/. : 161 m. E. by S. FrankforU Undeiiwood's, P.O., Marion co., 0?iio: 47 m. N. by W. Cohimbus. Unika mountains, a name given to that portion of the Alleghany range that separates Tennessee from North Carolina, and which lies S. W. of Tennessee river. Union county. Ark. Situate S., and contains 1.230 sq. m. Drained by Wachita river and its affluents. Surface level; soil fertile. Cotton is the chief production. Farms 679 manuf. 0; dwell. 964, and pop.— wh. 5,.526, fr. col. 5, sl^. 4,767— t.jtal 10,298. OipiUd: El Dorado. Union county. Ga. Situate N., and ccmtains 7(i6 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Hiiiwassee river, and other small streams. Surface uneven ; soil fertile. In IheS. and E. it is bounded by a mountainous range. Farms 911; manuf. 3 ; dwell. 1,141, and pop. — wh. 6,955, fr. col. 1, sla. 27S~total 7,234. C(ipitiuei.ve Staples, wheat and Indian corn. Faru.s 1 597 ; ntnnuf. l'>0 . dweU. 4,4.55, and pop.-wh. 25,982 ; fr. col. 101-tolal 26,088. CaplUil: New Berlin. -,„ „ „ U>-ioN disL, .'•■. (-1"-. Situate N., and contains .49 sq. m. Drained by Pacolct ami Tyger rivers, and their ''r^>nches Surface undulating; soil generally fertile, and adapted to grain. Chief productions, cotton and Indian con. Farms 169; manuf. 72 ; dwell. l,7«,and pop.-wh. 9 322, fr. col. IBS, si. 10.392-tot.al 19,852. CapiUil : Unionv.lle. PMw Works : Union and Spartonburg E. E. Union, p. o., Jasper co., r«.; 225 m. K. byN. Amtin ^Usios, p. v., Greene CO., AUi. : 9S m. W. by N. Mont- gomery. Pop. 290. Union t an.l p. o., Tolland co.. Own. .■ 31 m. N. E. by E. Hartford Drained hv head branches of Willimantic river, and other small streams. Surface hilly, with an inferior soil Mashapaug and Breakneck ponds, sources of Uie Quinnebaug, and a branch of the Natchaug rivers, are in this town. Pop. 729. . Union, p. o.,^ork co., Penn. ; 81 ra. S. 9. E. Harmhurg. Union, p. v., and sta., M'Henry co., Til. : on the Galena and Chicago Union K. R., 62 m. N. W. Chicago, and 175 m. N. E. Springfield. „ „ , w Un,6n, p! o., Pike county, M.: 110 m. 8. W. by W. '"u^ioTv.'and sta., Randolph Co., 7„y E. Richmond. Union Hah., p. o., Franklin Co., riig. ■■ 136 m. W. S. W. Eichmond. In the ricinity, on Pig r., are several mills. Union Level, p. o., Mecklenburg county, Virg. : 88 m. S. W. Eichmond. Union Meeting Hoose, p. o., Baltimore CO., Md. : on Great Gunpowder Falls, 31 m. N. of Baltimore city, and 81 m. N. by W. Annapolis. Union Mills, p. o.. La Porte CO., Ind. : on W. side of branch of Kankakee r., 169 m. N. by W. Indianapolis. Union Mills, p. o., Carroll county, Md. : on side of Big tlpe cr., 53 m. N. N. W. Annapolis. Union Mills, p. o., Fulton co., J\'; Y. ; 39 m. N. W. by N. Albany. It contains several mills. Union Mills, p. o., Mahaska co., la. : on N. side of N. Skunk r., 53 m. W. by S. Iowa City. Union Mills, p. v., Erie co., Petin. : on a branch of French cr., 191 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Union Mills, p. v., Fluvanna Co., nrg. : on Eivanna r., D6 m. N. W. Richmond. It contains several taiUs and a large cotton factory. „ „ , „ Union Plain, p. o.. Brown co., Ohio: 89 m. S. E. by S. ■ Columbus. Union Point, p. o. and sta., Greene co., Ga. : on the Georgia E. E., at the junction of the Athens Branch E. E., 40 m. from Athens, 76 m. from Augusta, and 42 m. N. by E. Milledgevillc. Union Point, p. o., Concordia par.. La. : 78 m. K. by W. liitonEouge. Union Point, p. o.. Union CO., Itt. : on E. side of Missis- sippi r., 3 m. below Uie mouth of Big Muddy r., 163 m. S. Springfield. UNI Union Setti ement, p. o., Oswego county, N. Y. : 142 m. W. N. W. Albany. LTnion Society, p. o., Greene co., N. Y. : 38 m. S. W. Albany. Union Speinos, p. o., Macon county, Ala.: on a fork of Cupia Ualchie cr., 41 m. E. by 8. Montgomery. Popula- tion about 160. Union Springs, p. o., Harrison co., Tex. : 19 m. 8. W Austin City. Union Speinos, p. v. and sta., Cayuga CO., iV. Y. : on E. side of Cayuga lake, 166 m. W. Albany. The Cayuga and Susquehanna E. U. passes through this place, 64 m. N. W. from Owcgo, and connects at Cayuga, 4 m., with the Roches- ter and Syracuse E. E. It has several mills, 1 iron foundry, and 1 woolen factory. There are two springs here whicll discharge sufficient water to supply the mills with power, there is also a mineral spring here of some celebrity. 11 has a steamboat landing, and a steam ferry connecis the v. with Canoga, in Seneca county. The " Cayuga Telegraph" (neut.) is here published. Pop. about 600. Un ion Squaee, p. o., Oswego co., ^\ I'. ; 144 m. W. N.W. Albany. Union Squake, p. v., Montgomery co., Penn. : 83 m. E. Harrisburg. Uniontown, p. v.. Perry co., Ala. : at the head^waters of Chilalohee creek, 77 miles W. Montgomery. PopulaUon about 50J. Uniontown, p. v., Knox county. III : 71 m. N. by W. Springfield. Uniontown, p. v., Union county, Kij. : 167 m. W. by S. FrankforU Uniontown, p. v.. Wells co., Ind.: on S. side of branch of Little r., 117 m. N. E. by N. Indianapolis, Uniontown, p. v., CarroU co., MJ. : 51 m. N. W. by N. Annapolis. Pop. 839. Uniontown, sta., Middlesex CO., 2^. Jer. : on New Tork and Philadelphia E. E., 84 m. N. E. Trenton. Uniontown, p. o., Itulian Territory. Uniontown, p. v., Belmont co., Ohio: 111 m. E. by N. Columbus. Pop. 194. Uniontown, p. b., and cap. Fayette co., Penn. : on Bed- stone cr., 153 m. W. by 8. Harrisburg. In this neighbor- hood are three cold blast furnaces, wilh a capacity of 1,100 tons each, and a rolling-mill, with an annual product of 700 Ions. It contains several stores, workshops, and printing- offices, and three newspapers, the "Pennsylvania Demo- crat." the "Fayette Whig," and the "Genius of Liberty" (whig), are issued weekly. Pop. 2.3-33. Union Vale, t.. Duchess co., N. Y.: 69 m. 8. Albany. Drained by Fishkill r. Surface rolling and hilly, having on the E. Mallcawan ridge ; soil fertile. It has some manu- factures. Pop. 1 .553. Union Valley, p. t., CorUandt co., N. Y. : 124 m. W. Albany. Union Village, p. v., Broome co., X Y. : 120 m. W. by 8. Albany. „ . , . Union Village, p. v.. Orange CO., Verm.: on 8. side of branch of Connecticut r., 40 m. 8. E. by S. Montpelier. Union Village, p. v., Northumberiand CO., Virg.: 65 m. E. N. E. Eichmond. Union Village, v., Warren connly, Ohio : 84 m. S. W. Columbus. The inhabitants are chiefly Shakers, and are divided into families, each one wilh its separate house, bav- in" out-honses and work-shops adjoining. This is the old- est and largest society in the West. Unionvillk, p, v,, Monroe co., Oa. : on S. side of branch of Ocmulgee r., 62 m. W. by N. Milledgeville. Unionvillk, p. v., Hartford county, Cvirtt. : on E. side of Farinington r., on the Collinsvillc branch of the New Haven and N'lrlhiimpton, or Canal E. K., 28 m. from New Haven, anil 11 m. W. from Hartford. Unionville, p. v., Monroe co., 7nr;inche8. Surface hilly, and in parLs rough and broken. S'til red sh:de. It ccml.nins several stores and a luitnber of iniils, and has about 1,570 inhabitants. Tho vilI;lg^. cjJIed New Goshenhoppen, is situate in the forks of Perki-;men creek. Upper Httnttno creek, p. o., Caroline co., Md. : on a cr. so called, above its confluence with Choptank r., 3S m. 3. E. Annapolis. Upper Iowa river. Ta. : rises in S. part of Minnesota Ter., (lows S. E. into Winnisheik co., and then N. E., eniplyiiig into the Mississippi r. near Iho N. boundary of the State. Upper Jay. p. o., Essex co., N. Y.: 120 m. N. Albany. Upper Lisle, p. o., IJroomo co., K Y. : 122 ni. W. by S. Albanv. Ui'i-EB Macungv, t., T.ehigh co.. Penn. : 74 m. E. N. E. IIarrist)urg. Drained chiefly by Lehigh cr. It contains several stores, and has a number of grist and saw mills. Pup. about 1.900. Upper Mahantanoo, U and p. o.. Schuylkill ex. Pmn. : 37 in. N. E. by N. Harrisburg. Drained by two branches of Mahantangi) cr. Surface diversified, with collection of low hills; soil rerl shale an.I while gravel, in general barren. It CMUtains several stores, and has a number of grist and saw mills. Upper MASiBTfA, p. v., Lancaster co., Penn. .• ou the & &67 UPP UTA bank of Susquehanna r. and on Ihe line of the Columbia Branch E. E., 5 m. above Columbia. XJppEB Mablboko', p. v., and cap. Piince George co., Md. : on Ihe S. side of Ihu W. branch of Tatapsco r., 4 m. above its mouth, 17 m. S. W. Annapolia and 13 m. E. by S. "Washington, D. C. It contains the county buildinga, etc., and is a well-built village. The " Marlboro' Gazette" (neut) is published weekly. Pop. about SOO. Upper Middletown, p. v., Middlesex co., Conn. : on "W. Bide of Connecticut r., 15 m. S. Dartford. The name of this place has lately been changed lo Cromwell. It contains 2 churches, academy, a few stores, etc. Uppee Middletown, p. v., Fayette co., Pemi. : on bend of Eedstone cr., 5 m. N. Union, 155 m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. Uppee Mount Betuel, t., Northampton co., Perm.: on the W. side of Delaware r., 99 m. N. E. Uarrisburg. Sur- iace mountainous. It contains several manufactories. Uppee Peach Tree, p. v., Wilcox co., Ala. : on the W. side of the Alabama r., 75 m. S. W. by W. Montgomery. Upper Red Hook, p. v., Duchess co., 2^. Y.: 3 m. E. from Hudson r., 42i m. S. Albany. Uppeb St. Claib, t. and p. o., Alleghany county, Peym. : 173 m. W. Harrisburg. Drained by Chartier's cr. Surface hilly ; soil black loam, and very fertile. It contains a num- ber of stores and several mills and factories, and has a pop. of about 2,700. Upper Sanduskt, p. v., and cap. Wyandott co., Ohio: on W. side of Sandusky r., 60 m. N, by W. Columbus. It contains the usual county buildings and is well built. Popu- lation 7S3. Upper Stillwatee, p. v. and sta., Penobscot co.. Me. : on the W. side of the Penobscot r., opposite Marsh's Island, 69 m. N. E. Augusta. The Bangor and Piscataquis R. R. passes through this place, 9 m. from Bangor. Great water- power is here afforded by the falls in the Penobscot river. Upper Stp.abburg, p. v., Franklin co., Peniu: on a fork of Heyren's branch of Conedogwinit cr., 10 m. N. W. Chambersburg, 47 m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. Upper Tkact, p. v., Pendleton co., Virg.: on the W. Bide of S. branch of the Potomac r., 119 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. Upper Teappe, p. v., Somerset co., Md. : on the N. side of "Wicomico cr., C5 m. S. E. Annapolis. Upper Ttgart, p. o., Carter co., Ay. ; on Buffalo fork of Tygart cr., 102 m. E. by N. Frankfort. Upperville, p. v., Fauquier co., Virg. : 103 m. N. by "W, Richmond. It contains an academy, church, and several stores, and about 350 inhabitants. Upper Yarmouth, p. v., Cumberland co., Me. : 41 m. 8. "W. by S. Augusta. Upshur county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E., and con- tains 1,053 sq. m. Drained by Little Cypress r. and its branches, and affluents of Sabine and Big Cypress rivers. Surface undulating ; soil fertile, and favorable to the growth of cotton and com. Grapes grow wild, and might with a little care be rendered a valuable article in the manufacLur- ing of wines. It is thickly wooded, and is interspersed with numerous streams of pure running water. Farms 240 ; manuf. ; dwell. 4S4, and pop. — wh. 2,712, fr. col. 0, 6l. 6S2— total 3,394. Capital : Gilmer. UpsHirp^ p. 0., Preble co., Ohio : 95 m. W. by S. Colum- bus. It was formerly caUed New Hope. Upson county, Ga. Situate "W. centrally, and contains 203 sq. m. Drained by branches of Flint r., which forma the S. W. and "W. boundary. Surface uneven ; soil fertile, and is adapted to cotton, which is produced in abundance, and also to wheat and Indian com, good crops of which are raised. A portion of the land is covered with pine. Some minerals are found. Farms 436; manuf. 19; dwell. 795, and pop.— wh. 4,720, fr. col. 0, si. 4,704— total 9,421. Capital: Thoraaston. Upsontille, p. v., Susquehanna county, Penn. : 127 m. N. N. E. Harrisburg. Upton, t and p. v., "Worcester co., Mass. : 31 m. "W. 3."W. Boston. A tributary of Blackstone r. has its source in this town, and lurnishes water-power. Surface rough and hilly. It has several manufactories, among which are wool and leather. The t. is on West r. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1,466; in 1S50, 2,023. Upton, p. v.. Dodge co., Wifte. : on W. of the W. branch of Rock r., 51 m. E. N. E. Madison. Upton, p. v., Franklin co., Penn.: on a branch of Ute Potomac r., 59 m. S. "W. Harrisburg. Urbana, p. v., and cap. Champaign co., J II.: on S. side of Salt fork of "yermilliou r., 76 m. E. N. E. Springfield. It contains a court-house and jail, and about 400 inhabitants. The Chicago Branch of the Illinois Central R. K. inlersecta this place. Ubbana, p. v., Frederick co., Md. : on the E. side of Monocacy r., on the high ground between Back and Ben- neil's creeks, S4i m. W. N, "W. Annapolis. Ukbana, p. T., Hickory co., Mo. : on the E. boundary of the county, 73 m. S. W. Jefferson City. Urbana, t. and p. v., Steuben county, Nl Y. : 1S3 m. "W. Albany. A portion of Crooked lake is in the L Drained by several small streams flowing into the lake. Surface hilly ; soil various. The v. is located at the S. end of the lake, at which point there is a landing. The t. contams numerous mills. Pop. of t. 2,079. Urbana. t., p. v., sta., and cap. Champaign co., Ohio: 39 ra. W. Columbus. The v. contains the county buildings, an academy, and several churches. The Columbus, Piqua, and Indiana K. R. and the Mad River and Lake Erie E. R. pass through the v., affording great facilities for trade. Two newspapers are issued weekly, " U- Expositor" (dem.), and " U. Citizen and Gazette" (whig). Pop. of v. in 1S40, 1,070 ; in 1850, 2,020. Pop. of t. (including v.) in 1840, 1,386; in 1850, 3,414. Urbane, p. v., Jackson co., PJ. : 155 m. S. by E. Spring- field. The Illinois Central R. R. passes 2^ m. E. of this place, Uebanna, p. v., and cap. Middlesex co., Virg. : on 9. "W. side of Rappahannock r., near the mouth of Urbanna cr., 46 m. E. by N, Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. Considerable pine timber is exported. Steamboats plying between Bal- timore and Fredericksburg make this one of the stopping places. Urieville, p. v., Kent co,, Md. : on the E. side of Mor- gan's cr. of Cliesler r., 27 m. N. E, Annapolis. Ursa, p. o., Adams co., HI. : 3 m. E. of the Mississippi r., 91 m. W. by N, Springfield. Ursine, p. o.. Grant co.. Wise. : 69 m. "W. by S. Madison, UsQUEi'AUon, p. v., Washington county, P. L : 13 uu "W. Newport. THE TERRITORY OF UTAH. Utah, originally a portion of California Alta, lies between latitudes 87° and 42°, and longitudes 10G<^ and 120^ west from Greenwich, or about 29° and 43° west from Washington. It is bounded north by Oregon, east by Nebraska and New Mexico, soulh by New Mexico, and soulh-west and west by California, In extreme length east and west 740 miles, and in breadth 340 miles, it contains an area estimated at 187.92.3 square miles. This territory occupies the groat basin lying between the Rocky Mouutains on one hand, and the Sierra Nevada on the other; and with the exception of its eastern portion, drained by the Colorado and its tributaries, forms a distinct geo- graphical region, having mouutaius, rivers, and lakes all its own, and which ori^nnatc and tt-rminate within its natural limits. It is one of the most peculiar counlrica of the world; and in many respects assimulatea the topography of UTAH. Palesline, and like Ihat country has its Dead Sea, Us mmmlain borders, its peculiar people as Palestine of oM and on its west the ni.-intime Philistines of California. The characleristies, hislorieal, eeozraphical, and iheocratieal, of the two might be compared indetliiilely ; nor is the resemblance less striking in form of government, in manners, and in customs. The physiCHl elements of the countries are the same, and the moral and religious, modified, however, by external associa- tions, only distinct in the perceptions of the sectarian. The Great Basin, in which the larger portion of Ulah lies, says Dr. Bemhisel, is about 600 miles long east and west, by 2Co miles breadth. It has never been fully explored ; but so far as it has been, a portion of it is f.iund to consist of arid and stenle plains, anolher of undulating table-lands, and a third of elevated mountains, a few of whose summits are capped with perpetual snow. Some portions of the basin .abound in rich and nulricious grasses. There are within its limits many streams and lakes, and of the latter, the most remarkable is the Great Salt Lake, which is about 70 miles in length, ami 30 to .35 miles in breadth. Its waters are a saturated solution of muriate of soda or common salt. Indeed, they contain more salt than they are capable of holding in soluti.m; and when low, considerable quantities of it are pre^ ci]iitatej to the bottom of the lake, or rather are there crystallized. No living creature can e.vist in this lake. A striking feature in the topography of this region is, that none of the streams or lakes have any visible outlet either to the AtUantic or PaciHe Ocean. Tho sources of the Colorado are in the Eocky Mountains, lying in Oregon and New Mexico, and the country in their vicinity is unfit for cultivation. No portion of that vast extent of country between the Great Basin and the Rocky Mountains is habitable excepting the valley of the Dint.ih, and perhaps that of Green Elver. The valleys known in the Great Basin are the Great Salt Lake Valley. Bear River Valley, Utah Valley, Tuab Valley, South Valley, Sevier Valley, and Sand Pitch Valley. The Great Salt Lake Valley, which is much the largest, is about 115 to 120 miles long, and from 20 to 40 broad, but the Salt Lake occupies the greater part of the northern portion of it. The surliice of the centre of the valley is level, but ascends gently on either side toward the mountains. There is in the immediate vicinity of the city bearing the name of this lake, a warm saline mineral spring issuing from the base of a mountain, the temperature of which is lOSO, and two miles north of this is a eimilar spring, whose temperature is 125° Fahr. The character of the best soil in the valleys that are inhabitable, is as follows: one portion of it is a vegetable loam, another a marly loam, and the third a gravelly shale containing some silica. The latitude of Great Salt Lake City is 411° 45' 44" north. The altitude is 4,300 feet. The climate is milder and drier in general than it is in the same parallel on the Atlantic coast. The temperature in the Salt Lake Valley in the winter season is more uniform than that of the Atlantic States in the same season, the thermometer rarely descending to zero. There is but little ram except on the mountains between the 1st May and the 1st October, and hence the necessity for irrigation in most places which are susceptible of it. The other valleys bear a general resemblance to the Salt Lake Valley, e.xccpt that they are much smaller ; South Valley being .30 miles long, by 20 broad ; Utah Valley about Co long, by 20 broad, and Sand Pilch Valley some 40 or 50 long, and perhaps 20 wide. The only timber to be found in this region is in the cailons, on the banks of a few of the streams, and along the bases of some of the mountains. Wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, oats, and Indian corn are its chief agricultural products; and all the garden vegetables peculiar to the Middle end Western StJites are produced in great perfection. Cotton, sugar, and rice, are not susceptible of cultivation in the region described ; tobacco and sweet potatoes can be produced in limited quantities. Only a few portions of the valleys are well supplied with water, and upon the rest but limited crops can be raised, as artificial irrigation in agriculture is indispensable to success. There are tracts of land of considerable extent in each of these valleys which are not susceptible of cultivation, because they can not be irrigated. : But limited portions, therefore, adds Erastus Snow, even of the most fertile and wannest v.alley8 in this region, can ever t>e made available for agricultural purposes, and only such as are adjacent to streams, and are well located for irrigation. Small valleys, surrounded by high mountains, are the most abundantly supplied wilh water, the streams being fed by the melting snow and summer showers. Broad extended plains, whether level or broken, are generally arid and unproduo- llve. Such is the whole eastern portion of Utah, including the valley of Green River, and those of its tributaries, which extend from the Sierra Madre on the east, to the Bear River ilivide on the west, and from the Wind River Chain, and Cascade mountains on the north, to a point at the south where Green River passes through the mountains, descending over rapids and cataracts, to the plains of the lower Colorado. Green River Valley is about 150 miles square : and though larger than several States of the Union, yet its elevation is such, and it is so ba'lly watered, that it is doubted whether a single spot in it is adapted to agriculture. There is, however, a small valley on the Uintah River, about 60 miles south of ■Fort Bri'lger, which is, perhaps, the warmest and most Inviting in this portion of Utah, and in which a settlement will probably be made. ..' The Great Basin, although warmer than the eastern section, is, to a great extent, as arid and unproductive. A portion of a large desert, extending through the centre of the basin from north to south. an«l from the western shore of the Great Salt Lake toward the Sierra Nevada, was evidently once the bed of the lake, for various portions of it are covered wilh incrustations of salt, and abound in salt springs, but are destitute of fresh water. All the str.'ams that have their sources in the eastern declivity of the Sierra Nevada for a distance of 500 miles, soon disappear beneath the surface, and none of them are known to disembogue themselves either into the lakes of the basin or into the Pacific Ocean. There are several small valleys and oases along the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada, but the.se are included within the limits of Ihc Stale of California. By far the most desirable portions of the Great Basin are the valleys on its eastern border, skirled by the Wasatch Range, which extend from near the moulh of Bear River to the Rio Virgin. An analysis of the facts presented by Dr. Bemhisel and Mr. Snow, exhibits difflcuUies of significant importance. Tho whole country is isolated from the Slates on either side, by mountains impassible except in a few gaps, and even through those during a great portion of the vear. Its seclusion in the middle of the continent, indeed, is more complete than if surrounded by waters in the middle of the ocean ; and its m. from Schenectady. 53 m. from Syracuse, 225 ra. from Buffalo. The Erie Canal has hero been enlarged to 70 feet wide and 7 feet deep, presenting a fine appearance from several beau- tiful bridges by which it is spanned. A culvert between the canal and the river cost about $100,000. Tlie principal manufactures carried on iu the city are those of iron and machinery, leather, carriages, and flour ; but the smaller es- tablishments are very numerous and various. The news- paper press in 1S50 comprised 13 issues: viz., 4 dailies, "Evening Observer"" (dem.), "Oneida Whig," "Oneida Herald" (whig), and "Utica Gazette" (whig), each of wliich issued weekly editions; 5 other weeklies, "Utica Democrat'' (tree soil), " Gospel Messenger" (free soil), " American Bap- tist," " New York Baptist Eegisler," and "■ American Mes- senger" (relig.) ; 3 temperance papers, "Utica Teetotaller,'' " Cadet's Banner," and " Central City Cadet," the last two semi-monthly ; and 1 monthly, "The Mirror" (relig.) Ulica stands upon the site of old Fort Schuyler, erected in 175S, during the French War. In 1794 it conl^uneil lour inferior houses ; in 179S it was incorporated as a village, and received its present name ; in 1S17 it was incorporated as a town, and in 1^2 received its city charter. It is divided into six wards, and governed by a mayor and 13 aldermen, elected annually. Pop. in 1630, S,323 ; iu l.>40, 12,762; iu 1850,17,565. Utica, p. v., Van Buren co., Iu. : 63 m. 6. S. W. Iowa City. Utica, p. v., Licking co., Ohio: on E. side of N. fork of Licking river, 47 m. by the Central Ohio, and the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark E. K. from Columbus. Pop. 420. Utica, p. v., Venango c^fiunty, Petni. : on the W. side of Venango r., 173 m. W. N. W. llarrisburg. Utica Mills, p. v., Frederick co., Mbacco, indigo, and various culinary vegetables. The nopal, or prickly pear, abounds, forming thick hedges, and covering a large portion of latid iti the co. ; the fruit of this tree attains a large size, and has au excellent flavor. It contains good prairie.and timber land. Uwciiland, t and p. o., Chester county, Perm. : 85 miles E. S. E. Harrisburg. Drained by Brandywino creek, whicli affords good water-power. Surface plane, with a slight de- clination ; soil fertik*, principally a sandy loam with clay. It contains several stcpres and a number of mills and facto- ries, and has a populatitm of about l,f.O0. UxiJEiDQE, t, p. v., and sta., Worcester co., Mass. : 86 m, S. W. Boston. The Blackstone r. crosses the E. jmrt oft Drained by tributaries of Blackstone r., and has good water- power. It contains several manufactories. The Uxhridge Woolen Company, and Messrs. Wheelock's establishment manufacture over 300,000 yards of woolen goods annually. The V. is on the Providence and Worcester R. li., IS miles S. E. Worcester, anrl contains a bank, capital $100,000, 2 churches. There are deposits of iron ore here, and a flne species of granite is quarried. Pop. of t 2,457. Vail's Cross Roads, p. o., Morrow county, O?iio: 44 m. N. by E. Columbus, Vail's Gate, sta., Orange county, 2^. J'.; on Newburg Branch K. R., 5 m. 8. W. from Newburg, 83 miles S. by W. Alttany. Vail's Mills, p. o., Fultou co., JV. Y. : 52 m. W. N. W. Albany. Valatie, p. v., Columbia county, N. K .' at confluence of Valatie and Kinderhook creeks, 2 mites N. E. Kinderhook, 19 m. S. by E. Albany. It contains 4 largo cotton fuctoricB, some other mills, 2 iron foundries, 3 churches, etc. Pop. about 1,650. Valcopr island, -V: Y.: on Lake Champlaiu 5 mile* S. by E. Plattsburg. 3 m. long, and 1 m. wide. Valeene, p. v., Orange county, Iiid. : 35 miles 8. by W. Indianapolis, Vale Mills, p. o., Giles co., Tenn.: 66 m. 8. by W. Nashville. Valencia county, K. Mex. Situate 8. E., and covers a large territory exlen,SII0, fr. col. 0— total 5,S00. CopitoZ; Pawpaw, ruhlic Works: Michigan Central E. E. Van Bukkn county, Tenn. Situate N. centrally, and contains 312 sq. m. Drained by Laurel cr. and other branches of Caney fork of Cumberland r., which flows on its N, border. Surface undulating ; soil fertile, and adapted to wheat and grain. Farms 192 ; manuf. 6 ; dwell. 404, and pop— wh. 2,481, fr. col. 18, si. 175— total 2,674. CajjiUd : Spencer. Van Buken, p. v., De Kalb co., Ala. : on E. side of Will's cr., 132 m. N. by E. M.mtgomery. Van Buken, p. o., De Kalb co., JU.: 147 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Van Bueen, p. o., Anderson CO., Ki/.: IS m. S. by W. Frankfort. Van Buren, p. y., and cap. Crawford co.. Ark. : on N. 872 VAN side of Arkansas r, 124 m. "W. N. W. Little Eock. It con- tains the county buildings, several stores, etc., and has con- siderable river trade. The "Van Buren Intelligencer" (dem.) is issued weekly. Pop. 547. Van Bdeen, p. o.. Clay co., Ind. : 55 m. W. S. W. In- dian.apolis. The Terre Haute and Eichmond E. B. passes near it, 10 m. from Terre Haute. Van Bueen, p. o., Itawamba co., ifisa. : on W. side of Tombigbee r., 165 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. Pop. about 100. Van Bueen, p. v., and cap. Eipley co., Mu. : on E. bank of Current r., 123 m. S. E. by S. Jefferson City. It contains the county buildings and several dwellings. Van Bueen, t and p. o., Onondaga Co., N. V. : on S. side of Seneca r., 144 ra. W. by N. Albany. Surface undulating. Drained by Camp brook and other streams flowing S. into Seneca r. The Oswego and Syracuse E. E. passes through its N. E. part, and the Erie Canal touches its S. border at Canal p. o. It contains mills of various kinds, and has considerable manufactures. Pop. of t. 8,S7.3. Van Buren, p. o., Hancock co., Ohio : 95 m. N. W. by N. Columbus. Van Bueen, p. o., Washington co., Pmn. : 180 m. W. Harrisburg. Van Buren, p. v., Hardeman county, Tenn.: lU m. S. W. by W. Nashville. Van BiTEF.N CE.-iTEE, p. o., Onondaga co., iV. l". .• 9 m. W. N. W. Syracuse, 142 m. W. by N. Albany. Van Buren Furnace, p. o., Shenandoah co., Virg.: 116 m. N. W. by N. Eichmond. Van Buren Harboe, p. v., Chautauqne co., JV. T. : on E. side of Lake Erie, 295 m. W. Albany. The Buffalo and State Line E. E. passes near it, 4 m. from Dunkirk. It is regularly laid out, and has a convenient landing. Vanceboeo', p. v., Winnebago county, III.: 177 m. N. Springfield. Vancebubg, p. v., Lewis co., K)/. : on S. bank of Ohio r., 93 m. E. N. E. Frankfort. It contains a few stores, shops, etc. A good bed of copperas, a fine limestone quarry, and clay suitable for stone-ware and flre-briek are found in the vicinity. Vance's Ferry, p. o., Orangeburg district, S. Car,: on S. W. bank of Santee r., 50 m. S. E. by S. Columbia. Vanceville, p. o., Washington co., Penn. : 166 m. W. Harrisburg. Van Clevesville, p. o., Berkeley co., Tirg. : 123 m. N. by W. Eichmond. Vancouver (Foet), v., Clark co., Oreg. Ter.: on N. bank of Columbia r., 12 m. above the mouth of Willamette r., GO m. N. N. E. Salem. Columbia Barracks, at this place, is a U. 8. military post garrisoned by artillery. Vanoalia, p. v., and cap. Fayette co.. III. : on W. bank of Kaskaskia r., 60 m. S. E. by S. Springfield. Lat 88° 50' N., long. 89° 02' W. Its site is high, undnlating, and was originally a timbered tract. It was selected by commis- sioners, with 4 sections of land, granted by Congress in 1818, for the seat of government for 20 years. The capital was removed to Springfield July 4th, 1839. It was regu- larly laid out, with streets 80 feet wide, and crossing at right angles. In the centre is a public square, on elevated ground, containing the public buildings formerly used by the State. It also contains a TJ. S. land-oflJce and several churches. The " Fayette Yeoman" is published weekly. From the important railroad connections which Vandaiia will soon liave with all parts of the State, it promises to become one of the greatest thoroughfares of trade and travel in Illinois. The railroads .already in construction to pass through it are, Illinois Central E. E. ; Massac and Sangamon E. E. ; and Mississippi and Atlantic E. E. The National Eoad has pre- viously been of much benefit The surrounding country near the river is heavily timbered, and a few miles back are extensive prairies. Pop. about 1,100. Vanoalia, p. o., Owen coimty, Ind. : 61 miles S. W. Indianapolis. VAN VER V^NBAUA, p. o.,Cass CO., Mid,.: % m S. W Lan^ng^ Vandaua! p. o., Montgomery co., 0!,.o : 3 m. W. .f Miami r. and canal, 0-2 m. W. by S. Columbus. Y...K.„uBO county, M. Situate S^W. on Oh,o r ^ contains 240 sq. ra. Drained by Big P'S'"™' ^"^ ^^^ LitUe, and Locust creeks. The succession of "" '"".!?' »• and table-land, characteristic of the r.ver comtt es, , here and Evansville and Illinois U. E. Ya>- DEUSESVI..LE, p. V. and sta., Berkshire <^<>-^'^„°; county. Farms 31T -. manuf . ; ^^J^:^^,,, wh. 4,766, fr. col. 4--tolal 4,S13. «'/'^'^^; (,^„^,_,^. P,a,lic Works: Ohio and Indiana 1..E. , M.am^^ ^^MSi;g:^ira:;r;;|p>^->».. etc The Ohio and Indiana I., l- w'" P»'i' ' tI Democratic papers »- P"«f ^.O^;';;"" ^"' ^""" has some beds "' ' °" "'"; ^ 4. dweU. 246, and pop.- forest trees. Farms 13S , manul. 4^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ _^^_ whites 1.308, free col. 0, si. 40-total 1,3!». y " vIeeI'^s, p. v., Anderson dist, 5. Car. : on W. side of ■o i-v r qi m W. by N. Columbia. ^'vae-c'k uTnd p. a, Seneca county, K Y.: 160 m. W iiLnv It is bounded E. by Cayuga lake, and W. b> t^e a'lHke surface somewhat elevated in the mid le ; !„i"Trt!re The inhabitant are generally engaged ,„ farming. Pop. 1,3'2. ^^ V vr..BTY Mills, p. o., Nelso., co., Hr,/. .' S5 m. W. by N. Eichmond. It contains several dwellings and a tew imlls V MiNA, p. v., Tompkins county, X. Y. : 140 m. "W. by 3. Albany, on Fall cr., which affords water-power to several mills. Pop. about 200. ,. . , . VAEYsnl-ao, p. v., Wyoming CO., ^. Y :o.^ side of head branch of Tonawanda creek, 23G ">• ^ ■ '\,">f> ' " contains several mills and stores, and 2 churches. lop. " u E0EO-, t and p. o., Kennebec CO., Me. : on E. side of K nnebec r, 10 m^N. by E. Augusta Vessels come from the ocean to this t. by means of the dam an, locfc at fwoo wl'-h '->-•> -ater-power. There is a arge iium- "r of tanneries, grist and saw mills, etc., m the U 1 opu- 'triulvrLL., p. o., Putnam CO., OMo: 120 m. N. W. ""TTu:. V.ALLEY, p. 0., Uutherford co., r.,...: 80 m. ^■^-I^TX Brazoria county, T^.: at the mouth of the Br^os' I It'o m. S. E. by E. Austin City. Tins place early received a business impulse from the settlement of ap ita si in the village and vicinity. The Brazos is hero about 800 yardswide, with a good harbor. The village has :„me coasting trade, and promises to become one of the most important places on the coast of Texas Venango c.unly, Penn. Situate toward the N. W., antt I— :-;!» -?=.?"=%•:= H don which large numbers of cattle and hogs are fat- t" d-enough to supply the neighboring markets F armB 40-lotal 18,310. Onntal : Frankbii I "';-""/;; ^^ lec^hany Valley K. E.; Pittsburg and Erie E. U. , I ranklm Tena^'o^-p'o., Crawford CO., P.....-mn,.N.^V.byW. Louses and stores. The J""*™ '" p ,, „„„„t 450. ^t^^::Twr;^-:;;Xi.:ioom.w. ITarrisburg. ,„ . . 05 m. E. N. E. Vesice, p. c, Shiawassee co., Mii.h.. a m. r, "■ VEsfcE P o., Madison co., III. : on E. side of Mississippi river, 82 m. S. S. VT. '^^^T M.: SO m. N. E. by N- Vera Cp.uz, p. o., TVells co., Indianapolis. y, 5, „ 9, Albany. VEnBANK,p.o.,D.iche^co ^^ ,,,,,... 58 m. N. W. Vebmeuville, p. 0., orange ^ , Richmond. y, . 22 ni. N. Eichmond. Springfield. ,.„„i co JKcA. .- « m. N. W. I-inslng. VEEr.ENN-ffi,p.o.,K'!n'5»-;^^ ,.„,„., i, bcautituUy VEEOENN^, p. City. Addi^^ ^;„,i^ation,7 m. f^om 11, M,naU.d on OtU^r ct^. t th he^d of J^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^^ niou.h, 33 m. V, . ' S- ^™ /^ ^„„ i„„„,„, forming three 500 feet wide, and ,s ""^"^ ^> ,^^, ,„,h, fumi-.hing Im- channels, and ■-P^'^^^f , ;^'„catly buiU, and present, „,„,e water-power. ^^''J^J The factories, mill^ and , very pWure.sque apparnnco. ^^^^^^^^ lanneries. improving *^ '^^^P^^^^.i f„m Monkton, i. ou». The manufacture of iron, ooui. ^^ VERMONT carried on extensively. The cily contains 1 bank, cap. $100,000, an academy, nil United States arsenal and ordi- nance depot, and 3 cluirche^. The Enlland and Burling- ton R. R. passes through, 9S m. from Bellows Falls. 22 m. from Burlington. Otter cr. is somtjwhat crooked between the city and the lake, but vessels of 300 tons can come to the wharves. Vergennes was first settled in 17G6, and incorporated in HSS. Here was fitted out the squadron of M'Donough, which achieved the celebrated victory of Platts- burg, Sept. 1 Ith, ISU. The " Vergennes Vermonter" (whig) is pnblislied weekly. Pop. in 1S40, 1,017; in 1S50, 1,3TS. Veemillion county. III. Situate E., and contains 1,20S sq. m. Drained by Big and Little Vermillion rivers and their affluents, which traverse the co. N. and S. Surface undulating; a large portion is prairie. Soil fertile, and pro- duces wheat and grain in abundance. Farms 1,269 ; maiiuf. 15; dwell. 1,9S5, and pop.— wh. 11,4S2, fr. col. 10— total 11,492. Capital: Danville. Public Wor^ : Great 'Wesler a Central R. R. VERMtLLioN county, In(f. Situate W., between Wabash r. and the Illinois State line, and contains 280 sq. m. Nu- merous streams, of which Big and Little Vermillion rivers are the principal, and tributaries of the Wabash, drain the land. Surface high and level, with some bluffs, and two- thirds of the whole is covered with forest. Soils excellent. Coal is abundant, and extensive beds of iron ore are found on Brouillet's creek. Farms "33 : manuf. 46 ; dwell. 1,509, and pop.— wh. 8,543, fr. col. IS— toUil S,C61. CapiUd : New- port Vermillion parish, La. Situate S. W., and contains 1,545 sq. m. Drained by small streams of Vermillion river. Surface generally level, and much of it covered with pine forest and otlier timbers ; soil fertile, and, with cultiva- tion, producing rice, cotton, sugar, etc., which form its staple. It contains part of Mermentau liike in its western portion, and small bays of the lake which indent its coasL On the eastern side is Vermillion bay, a large expanse of water, and washing part of the shore of Si. Mary's co. in the N. W. In the extreme S. E. is Grand Itland, separated from it by Grand Bass. P^arms 19S ; manuf. ; dwell. 406 and pop.— wh. 2,323, it. col. 14, si. 1,067— total 3,409. CapU tat : La Fayette. Vermillion, p. o., Oswego co., N. T. : 180 m. W. N. W. Albany. Vkrmillion, t,, p. v., and port, Erie co., Ohio: 93 m. N. N. E. Cohimbus. Bounded N. by Lake Erie. The L contains large deposits of iron ore, which is much wrought. The v. at Un- mouth of Vermillion r. has a convenient har- bor, improved by LT. S. Government, Its imports, in 1S4S, amounted to $150,000 ; exports, $.207,200— total lake trade, $307,200. The Junction R. R. from Toledo to Cleveland will pass through this place. Pop. oft. 1,515. Vermillion river, HI, : rises in Livingston co., flows N. W., and empties into Illinois r., at the foot of the rapids in La Salle co. It furnishes got)d water-power by falls and rapids in its lower part On its banks are valuable quarries of limestone, ciial, and sandstone. Vermillion river and bay. La. : the r. rises in St. Landre par., and flows S. into W. part of Vermillion bay. It is navigable to Vermillionville. The bay is about 20 m. long, with the same width, and has 10 or 12 feet water, but not more than 5 feet on the bar at its entrance. C6l6 Blanche bay connects it with the Gulf of Mi-xico. Vermillionville, p. v., and cap. La Fayette par., La. : 50 m. W. by S. Baton Rouge. It is situated on a beautiful plain, IJ m. from W. bank of Vermillion r., at the head of navigation, and contams the county buildings, etc. Pop. about 250. THE STATE OF VERMONT. Vermont, so called from the verdant aspect of its mountains, lies between 42'^ 44' and 45° latitudes north, and between 71° 38' and 73^ 26' longitudes west from Greenwich, or between 3° 36' and 5^ 24' east from Washington. It is bounded on the north by Lower Canada, on the east by New Huinpshire, on the south by Massachusetts, and on the west by New York. Its eastern boundary is formed by the Connecticut River, and on Iho west it is separated from Now Yoik chiefly by Lake Champlain. The length of the State fi-om north to south is 157 miles, and its breadth from east to west from 40 to 92 miles, its widest part being on the northern State line. The superficial area of the country is estimated to contain 10.212 square miles. The surface of Vermont, with some slight exceptions, is mountainous. The most striking feature in its topop^raphy is the range called the Green Mountains, which traverses the State in a direction north and south. Southward it is contin- ued into Massachusetts, where it is known under tlie name of the Hoosic Mountains. In the centre of the State this ridge biftircates: one branch, the Western, and principal, continuing in a northerly direction, sinks down gr:idnally, and terminates near the northern boundary: and the other, or Eastern branch, called also the "Height of Land," strikes a course to the north-east, and, passing into Canada, is lost on the shores of the St. Lawrence. The latter divides the streams of lakes Champlain and Memphremagng from the tributaries of the Connecticut, while the former, though loftier, pre- sents a more broken outline, and is cut through by several rivers. It is a curious fact that this immense barrier has a passage through it, even without any high hills, and the southern branch of the Onion River, which passes through it and flows into Lake Champlain, has its source very near to, if not in, the same swamp with the bead waters of White River, which flows into the Connecticut. The Vermont Central Railroad also passes along these streams without any consider- able elevations or depressions, although near the base of t'amel's Rump, one of the highest peaks of tlie nmge. The part of the mountains which traverses the southern portion of the State forms the watershed between the Hudson and Con- necticut rivers. The base of these mountains varies from ten to fifteen miles in width. Beautiful and fertile valleys intersect them everywhere, and the slopes are covered with growths of small evergreen trees and shrubs, and Ihc sum- mits with green mosses and winter grasses. There are many fine farms among the hills, and much of the land upon them is excellent for grazing. Before the mountain bifurcates, the highest summit is Killington Peak, 3,675 feet above the level of the sea ; but there are two higher culminations after It divides, and which are in the western range : these are Camel's Rump, on the south side of Onion River, which is 4,1SS feel high ; and Mansfield Mountain, the highest of all, which is 4,2(9 feet high. Ascutney is an isolated mountain in the to^-n of Windsor, near the Connecticut the apex of which is 3,320 feet above tide-water. In the neighborhoods of Lake Champlain and the Connecticut River the country is only moderately uneven, and in many places extensive level tracts are found, which form a striking contrast to the gen eral features of the country. The Connecticut River washes the eastern borders of the State, the watershed, or dividing ridge already mentioned being nowhere more than thirty-five miles from the river, and tliroughout most of it^* course not more than half that distance; its tributaries in tiiis State, viz.. the Deerfleld, White. Black, an perfection anywhere. The greatt-r part of the Slate is better suited to grazing than to tillage. Springs and brooks are very numerous, and there is no extensive tract but is well supplied with running water. Vermont is divided into 14 counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follows : C.ipiwl,. I Counlie.. Dwell. Pnp. ,^,"™; ^,"™^- C«pli,l.,. . Middleburg Lamoille 2,022 . . 10,S72 . . 1,0S2 . . 42 . . Hyde Park . . Manches'er Orange .M92 . . 2T,296 . . 2,677 . . S6 . . Chelsea .Danville Orleans 2,780 . . 1.5,707 . . 2.0.'i.'5 . . OS . . Ir.isburg . Burlinglon Rutland 6,Gt!l . . .'):1,059 . . 2.(i6S . . 27.5 . . P.utland . Guildhall Wa-shington.. 4.+12 .. 24.6.')4 .. 2.104.. 77 .. Montpeuee . St. Albans Windham .... 5..S74 . . 29,062 . . 8,363 . . 197 . . Fayetlcville . North Hero I Windsor 7,.373 . . 38,320 . . 4,374 . . 192 . . Woodstock The whole number of dwellings in the Stale at the alwve date w.as 5S..327 : of families. 68.475; and of inhabilania, 813.611 ; viz., whites 312,902— males 150.374, and females 153,.52S ; fr. col. 709— males 366, and females 348. Of the whole population there were, deaf ami tltmb—vih. 14.3, (r. col. 1,— total 144; 7V/iirf— wh. 1»S, fr. col. 0— total 135; inmiu— wh. 552. fr. col. 0— total 652, and Wiofio— wh. 2S0, fr. col. 1— total 2.S1. The number of free persons bom In the United States was 2^0,966, the number of foreiirn birth 32,'i31. and of birlli unknown 3-.>3. The ii./(i>« population originated as follows: Maine S35, N. Hamp. 19.609. yWmmit 232,086, Ma.s.s. 15,059, R. I. SOI, Conn. 4,.';51, N. V. 7,211, \. .ler. 171, Pcnn. 1.3S, Del. 1. M.I. 23, Disi. of Col. 5, Virg. 21, N. Car. 7, S. Car. 5, Oa. IS. Flor. 9, Ala. 6, Miss. 5, La. 12, Tex. 1, Ark. 2, Tenn. 6, Kv. 7, Oh, 166, Mich. 96. Ind. 15. III.. 34. Mo. 10, la. .5, Wise. 82, Calif. 0, Territories 1 ; and the /ort'ign popula- tion was c.imp.ise.1 of persons fmm-Englan.l 1.546, Ireland 15.877, Seolland 1,015. Wales 57, Germany 21S, Franco 40, Spain 3, Portugal 5, Belgium 0, Holland 2, Italy 7. Austria 0, Swilzerlan.l 2, Russia 1, Denmark 1, Norway 8, Swe.len 0, Prussia 6, Greece 0, Asia 7, Africa 0, British America 1 1,170. Mexico 0, Central America 0, South America 8, Weal Ihdies 6. Sandwich Islands 4, and other counlries 23. 673 Counties. riweii. rc.p. in cult. E»t;ib Addison . 4,679 . . 26.549 . . 2,292 . .157. Benniuglon . 3,404 . . 18.539 . . 1.397 . . 147 . Cale.lonia... . 4,231 . . 23,086 . . 2,754 . . M5. Chittenden.. . 4,^^05 . . 29.036 . . 1,908 . .201,. Essex . 846, . 4,650 . 602 . .32. Franklin .4.827. ^2S,5S6. . 2,172 . .108. Grand Isle.. . 691 . . 4,145. . 339. . 8. VERMONT. Tlie following tabic will show the deceunial progress of the population since the first census of llie State taken by Ihe United States authuriliea : Colored Persons. Dec-eoninl Incr'?nEe Yeara. Femimt. Free. Slave. Tulal, Tot;il. Niiiner. Percent 1790*. S.V44 255 IT 272 S5.416 — — 1800 153,90S 557 — 5o7 151.4G5 69,049 S0.8 1810 216,963 750 — 750 217.71o 63,24S 40.8 1S20 2S4,S46 91S — 918 235,764 li>,051 S.2 1830 279,771 S8l — 8S1 ......... 280,652 44,8^3 19.0 1840 291.218 730 — 730 291.948 11.296 40 1850 812,902 709 — 709 313,611 21,563 7.4 The general statistics of the weallh, iiuiustry, productions, manufactures, and Institutions of Vermont, as ascertained by the census of 1S50, and other official reports niaJe in the same year, afford the following results : Occupied Lands, etc, — Improved farm lands 2,591,379 acres, and uninjproved lands 1,525,368 acres — together valued in cash at $59,727,731. The whole number of farms under cultivation on the 1st June, 1850, was 29,637. Value of forming implements and machinery $2,790,237. Ztft?-;s7o(.'^.—Horsts, 61,057 ; asses and muies, 218; railch cows, 146,146 ; working oxen, 48,497; other cattle, 154,025 ; sheep, 919,992, and swine, 66,273. Compared with the live-stock existing in the State in 1S40, the following movement is shown : Live Slock. 1840. 1850 Decraose. Horses I an tnn u^^ i ( 61 1^57 head i Assesandmules f 62,402 head \ '^^^ ^. | 1,127 head, or l.S percent Milch cows I I 146.146 " \ Working oxen [-884,341 " \ 48,497 " 185,673 " or 9.3 " Other calUe S ( 154,025 « ) Sheep 1,681.819 " 919,992 " 761,827 " or45.3 « Swine 203,800 " 66,278 " 137,522 " or 67.4 " —in 1850 the aggregate value of live-stock in cash was .$12,640,248. Products of Animaln.—V^ooX 3,410,993 pounds, butter 11,871,451 pounds, cheese 8,729.834 pounds; and the value of animals slaughtered during the year had been $],S71.46S. The quantity of wool returned in the census of 1S4U was 3,699,235 pounds, or 288,242 pounds more than in 1850, and hence the decrease shown in the latter year amounts 7.S per cent. The prnduction in relation to the number of sheep, however, has been much larger at the latter than at the former period ; in 1S40 it was 35.2 ounces per fleece, and in 1850,59.3 ounces. In the production of butter only tive States surpass Vermont, and of cheese only two— New York and Ohio, and of the latter article it produces oue-twelfih the quantity made in the Union. Grain C'-(>^«.— Wheat 525,925 bushels, ryo 176,207 bushels, Indian corn 2,03-2,016 bushels, oats 2,307,714 bushels, barley 42,147 bushels, and buckwheat 208,699. The crops of 1S40 and their comparative quautities, with Uiose of 1850, are as follows : Crops. 1840. IBfiO. Wheat. 495,800 bushels 525,925 bushels incr. Rye 230,993 " 176,207 » Indian corn 1,119,678 " 2,032,016 " Oats 2,222,584 " 2,807,714 " Barley 54,781 " 42,147 « Buckwheat 228,416 " 208,699 " OtJisr Food O'op*.— Beans and peas 104 bushels ; potatoes, Irish, 4,947,351 bushels. The potato crop reported in the census of 1840 amounted to 8,869,751 bushels, and hence the decrease between the returns of 1840 and 1S50 has been 3,922,400 bushels, or 44.2 per centum. Misc€lUineoits Crops.— Hay, 866,989 tons; clover-seed, 760 bushels; olhcr grass-seed, 14.096 bushels; hops, 258,513 pounds; flax, 20,752 pounds ; flax-seed, 939 bushels; silk cocoons, 26S pounds ; Maple sugar, 5.980,955 pounds; molasses, 5,997 gallons ; bet^wax and honey, 249,432 pounds; wine 659 gallons, etc Value of orcliard products, $315,045, and of market-garden products, $1S,S53. A comparison of the principal productions of 1850 with those returned in 1840, gives the following result : ProJuctions. 1840. IfiSO. Moveini'nt, Hay 836,739 tons 866,989 tons iji^r. 80.250 tons, or 8.6 per cenL Hops 48,137 pounds 258.513 pounds in<;r. 210,376 pounds, or 434.9 *' Flax 66,080 " 20,752 " deer. 45,323 " or 68.6 " Maplesugar 4,647,934 « 5,930,955 « /«er.l,833,021 " or2S.6 '* Wine 94 gallons 659 gallons incr. 665 gallons, or 601.1 " Some-mnde manufactures were produced in the year ending 1st -Tune, 1850, to the value of $278,331. The same class of goods produced in the year represented in the census of 1840, were valued at $074,548. Mdtiiifactures. — Aggregate capital invested, $0,000,000; value of all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, $0,000,000 ; average number of hands employed, 00,000— males 00,000. and females 00,000 ; monthly cost of labor, $000,000— male $O0n,ono, and female $00,000 ; total value of manufactures for the yeitr $0,000,000. The whole numlter of manufac- ing establishments in operation on the Ist June, 1850, and producing to the annual value of $500 and upwards, was 1,635, and these Tvere distributed among the counties in proportion, as shown in the general table before given. Of these 9 were cotton factories, 72 woolen factories, 37 iron factories— 3 m.iking pig iron, 26 making castings, and 8 making wrought iron ; and 152 were tanneries. The manufacturing estiiblishments others than those named were various, but chiefly such as are incident to an agricultural region, or such as the immediate wants of the people demand. The total capital invested in manufactures, in 1840, amounted to $4,326,440. 876 MovtTient- incr. dikr. 80,125 bushels or 6.1 per cent. 64,TS6 " or 23.7 " itwr. 912,388 " or 81.5 " titer. 85,180 u or 37.8 " deer. 12,634 " or 23.1 " deer. 19,717 " or S.G « VERMONT. ; cotton usi-l-lo mal. s »1,4C0, and to females ifl.SGl ; products of the ycar-sheetiii!!, . . , . , , «,,.>n„n 1 , 1^0, there were in the State T factor,cs-capit=d $1 ls,100 ; hands 262, and va ue of products $1 1.!,000 _ lath ■ „,anutacture of u-oolen aood., the capit^.l employed is $S3C,300 ; annual consumption of wo ,1 2,323,100 pm Is vr ^r lu raw ntaterial, etc., cou^tucd ^-"-^^ --^'--;;;;};;r i:/;^;"::^^^^ a^ ^"I'iUr! '' T^n^irrr ■ :: mi:;^::^e:'S.ere . .......... ^.^ .he anne.ca taMe: . . tons . . - Pi^ Iron. . 7,676 . Cast Inm. ..290.720 . 5,2T9 . 5peirifi.-ati.-.n9. Capital invesleil . Ore use'l Pig iron used " Blooms vised ■ ■ ■ ■ Old metal used Mineral coal consumed Coke and eh:irco:,l bushels.. Value of raw material dollars. . Hands employed ?"?'!""'* Monthly cost of labor Iron produced Value of other products dollars Entire value of products * -in 1S40 there were in the State 26 furnaces, producing annually 6,743 t. .ns cast iron, and 14 bloomcrk. forges, and rollmg ^:^Ln.655to..har.™fucU.cc_^ .dollars., .tons . 274 . 1,066. 198,400 . 160,603 . S91 . 2,203 10,771 . 8,200 •"'■O"" • _ 87,770 . 63,000 460,331 . .. 150 .326,437 . 40,17.'; 100 VVronjI.t Irm. Tolll. .... 62,700 415,920 . . . . 2,«25 10.301 .... 760 6,02» . . . . 525 526 _ 274 .'.'.' _ 1,216 ....387,000 961,887 . 66.194 266,972 57 538 .... 1,719 14.743 .... 2,04.^ 10,248 _ 87,770 ....16.3,936 692,S1T ,7lj3 sides of sole leather, r^L:i::S,rs::i::::;;^;:::ra«>p.UU Of *403,093,und509 hands, and producing annuallylO. "ir-:i.:f"^"s-nL.ctu,of...<^ etc., consumcd-barlcy 2,500 bushels, and hops 1 ton; hands employed, rett^ned, and probably none is now manufactured as an article of commerce, ducing annually 3,600 gallons, and one brewery pr. $3,850. In 1S40, there were two distilleries, pro- ■odueing 12,500 gaUons-lhe whole employing 5 men, and a capital of • coai>t of New England, generally toward internal Mprore,nenU, *--T>.e"-s of railroad [«™ B^"^,;-;:j\^„;, „,^ ,,„„ ,„„„,,„™ „„. ,h„se of the Canada and the north-west, pass through \ ermont and h. '"' ' J ^ dovel.mmcnt of the resources of the townj western districts of the State. Locally these roads have tended B^"'' '' •''^'■,fj^ ;'^^™:'',J,e. Th. hulk of the mcr- through which they pass, and have opened sen-board trtarkets ° *« ^J^^' "^> M ,> lim itl of th- State, which has no chandise and travel on the Vermont roads, however, ,s from ''^'^ t^J^'^^^l^"^ Z.^'^'\L .everal lines are noted large manufacturing towns or aggregated popniahons beyond a ^^^ ' ™'"";'V", „,' h of 427 miles, and there wero ,„ the -. APr.>T.tx." On the 1st .Tanuary, 13.53 the ^^;;^^ :^;^^^X^^'^ ..L exceptio'n of three short some .50 miles additional i,t course of eonstruetton ^ « " "o -n. I m V er ^^^^^^ ^^ Watcrqueeehy Falls. cuts to overcome river falls, vi/.. : that around Whtte K.ver la, t a »'-''";» \- „^,„„„ f„, „„ „p„„.,. The macadamized and ordinary roads of the State are Se- f > '^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^'Z^Z , n Lake Champlain, and finds an Foreign a«.»«e..--The commerce of Vermont tscarra on hufly at I ung ,^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ onnet by the Chamhiy river to ^^'^Tl^:;:^^;^^ nte^J^lur^ ".Is.ic pr.lucts exported, an,U26,15T The shipping employed in carrying the mer- rl.'ar.'i!. 30th .June, 1350, were valued at J430.906, ,.,,„,,„, 002 that of foreign re-exports, and the value of imports amounted to $.163,002. chandise above represented, was as follows : Entered. Nationality '; ~ r~ 7" 0f51„,.p.ns. • American . Foreign . . . . 3:50 . . 174 , . . . S6,82S , . . . 12,607 Total. .504 99,435 . 3,636 . 71G . , 4,251 . 322 . . 20 . 81,073 3,201 .. . 1.733 97 .. , 6,52 . . 194 . 167,901 . 14,390 . .342 S2.3.56 . .816 132.291 Crrwi. . C,73C . .31.3 . 7,.'549 i'of the class enrolled and licensed, and 4he shipping owned in ^^^^ ^:^^::Z^::^ ;!:;: ^L. .. year, had been as ...lows: of this, 8,097 Ions was navig; Tear. Ejr 053,256 140.059 1831 ... 92.5.127 160.200 1832 »19,S20 2M.673 ,533 377,399 523.2C0 1*84 834,372 322,806 877 1323 IS'24 1S25 1326 1327 1323 VERMONT. Yeir. Exports. Iniporta. i Year, Exports. Imports. , Year. Exports. Itnports. 1846 $403,S20 $127,223 1847 514,29S 230,641 1S4S 534.102 306,005 1S49 6SS,S69 147,721 1S50 43U,906 463,093 1S85 $32S,151 $217,863 1341 $277.937 $246,1 1S36 183,165 456,840 ! 1S42 557,509 2n9,S63 1837 13S.693 342,440 I 1S43 169.971 88,000 -183S 132,650 259,417 I 1344... w... 418.867 97.1S3 1S89 193.S36 413.513 [ 1345 542,607 81,997 1840 305.150 404,617 | BanJi-A.—T\te returns of August, 1S60, report 27 banks, and their condition as follows — IJabiliti^s: capitnl, 12.197.249; circulation. $9,856,027; deposits, $546,703; and del)ts to Ijnnks, $32,984; and o.'j.v^i.s, loans and discounls, $4.4*.'3.719; slocks. $40.500 ; real estate, $94,497 ; due by other banks, $1,001,789 ; notes of other banks, $127,637 ; specie fund, $2,376 ; and specie, $127,825. Goveninunt. — The first Constitution of this State was formed in 1777 ; the one now in operation was adopted on the 4th July, 1793, but has since been modified at various periods. It secures to every man on attaining his 21sl year, the rigltt of suffrage, provided he has been a resident of Hie State for the next preceding year, and is of a quiet and peaceable behavior. The annua! elections are held on the first Tuesday of September. The Leg Uili dure consists of a Senate (established in 1S36), and a House of Representatives. The Senate consists of 80 members, chosen by a plurality of votes, apportioned in ratio of the population, tmt each county is entitled to at li^ast one. The House of Kepresentatives, at present, consists of 230 members, one from each town. Representatives slial! be persons noted for wisdom and virtue, resident in the State for the last 'wo years, and for one year in the town. Two-thirds of the members elected are required to form a quorum, when a. State tax is voted. The Legislature is renewed annually. The Lieutenant-governor is &c-officio President of the Senate, otherwise the oflQcers of both houses are chosen by the members thereof respectively. The chief exeeutive is vested in a Governor, chosen annually by a majority of votes. In case of no choice being made, the three candidates having the highest poll numbers are present*;d to the Legislature, which in joint ballot elects one of their number to be governor. The Lieutenant-governor and Treasurer are elected in like manner. No one is qualified for these offices unless he has resided in the Stale for the preceding four years. Twelve Councilors, assistants to the executive, are chosen annually by general ticket, and by a plurality of votes. The Governor and Council appoint to offices and fill vacancies, and may grant pardons for all crimes excepting treason and murder, in which they may grant reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly, and excepting also impeachments, which can be reversed only by act of the Assembly. The Governor presides in the Council and has a casting vole only. He may Veto a bill, but two- thirds of both houses may pass it again, and it thus may become law notwithstanding. He is allowed a Secretary of civil and military affiairs, chosen by himself and paid by the State. JiuHciary poicers are vested in a Supreme Court, consisting of a chief and two assistant justices; in County Courts, or Courts of Common Pleas comprising four circuits, each County Court being composed of one Judge of Circuit, elected by the Legislature, who is ex-qfficio chief justice of the County Courts of his Circuit, and two assistant judges for each county, elected by the people ; and in Justices of the Peace. The Supreme Court sits in each county once, and the County Courts twice in each year; an additional term of the Supreme Court is also held once a year in each district, at such time and place as the court may order. Each Judge of the Supreme Court is Chancellor of a Circuit. The Court of Chancery has two stated sessions annually in each county, and is always in session for all purposes, except the final hearing of a cause. An appeal from a decree of the Chancellor lies to the Supremo Court. Judges of the Supreme Court, county and probate Courts, sherifls, and justices of the peace, are elected by the General Assembly in joint ballot. The Constitution prohibits slavery, and permits imprisonment for debt ordy in cases of fraud. It abolishes perpetuities. Every alien of good character coming to settle in the Slate, and swearing allegiance thereto, is permitted to hold land. By a law of 1350, a homestead of the value of $500 is secured from attachment or execution. Once in seven years, 13 censors are chosen on one ticket by the people, whose duty it is to inquire whether the Con- stitution has been observed in every particular, etc., and also to call a convention for amending the Constitution within two years, six mouths' public notice being given of the amendments proposed. Iha jiiiancial condition of this State is in an enviable condition— the expenses of government are small, and its lift- biiilies insignificant. For the year ending 31st August, 1350, the receipts into the treasury, including a balance from 1849 of $8,33u, amounted to $125,375, of which $94,300 was raised from taxes. The disbursements for the same year amounted to $122,253, leaving a balance of $3,122. The principal sums paid out, were the expenses of the Legislature, $36,043; executive expenses, $2,613, and pay of judiciary and for prosecuting crime, $49,733. The minor items of expense were those on account of elections, pauper relief, common schools, agricultural societies, militia, etc. The expenses of 1S50 exceed those of 1349 by $7,767, but ihey embrace about $15,000 of extraordinary expenditure. Vermont has no public debt. It has, however, some temporary liabilities, which at the above-named date amomited to $.58,036. Among the henevolent institutions of the State» the Vermont Asylum for the Insane, at Bratlleboro', Is the most con- spicuous. Since the opening of the asylum there have been admitted to August 1st, 1350, 1,609 patients, and 1,2S1 have been discharged, and 328 remained in the institution. Of the discharged, 745, or 46.3 per cent, had been recovered. Of those placed in the asylum within six months fTom the attack, nearly nine-tenths have recovered. During the year end- ing as above, the whole number of patients was 468; admitted 150, and discharged 140. Of those discharged, 79 were cured 26 uied, 16 were improved, and 19 not improved. Income $34,240 12, and expenditures $3;3,S6S 92. There is connected with the asylum a library of over l,2u0 volumes, and a large number of periodicals and newspapers are taken. The deaf and dumb and the blind are supported at institutions in other States, for which purpose the Legislature appro- priates a large sura of money annually. Federal representatioii.— In accordance with the provisions of the law of 28d May, 1850, Vermont sends /c«*r repre- sentatives to the federal Congress. Educati*m.—\n 1350 there were 2,594 school 4li8tricts in the State, and the whole number of scholars w«s 90,110 ; aver- age length of schools 24 weeks ; average of scholars in each district, 39 ; expense of each scholar, $2 20 ; average wages U> teachers— male $1,355, and female $554 per month; whole wagt-s— to males $65,759 16, and females $61,312 65; total $127,071 81 ; cost of board, $70,492 87; cost of fuel, $10,837 64; cost of wages, board, fuel, etc., $217,402 88. Public money divided for support of schools, $90,893 91. Vermont has uo school fund. 873 VERMONT. Tho ooUogiaU. institutions .,f tl„- StrUe ar.^-tho University „f V.r,no„t at Tiurlmst™, fm.n,lo,l 1.91 ; MuL U-l,,^ C* leJe founJctl in Isno ; and N,.rwich Univc-rsity, funuded in 1S34. Th. University of Vermont i„ 1»50 had \vr'>''^"^, 9?^'nd m- and 416 ahnnni, and a lihr.-.ry .f 10,000 volnmes; Middlel.ury CnUego, 6 pr„fe,s..r, f ;»'<1™». "^ alnmni Ind 6 00 volumes ; and Norwich University had 4 professors, 60 students, and ts« alun.n,, and 1 400 volumes. Med.eal Bd.oois are es abli^.ed at Ca^tleton and Woodstoek. The C;a.,tle.on Me,lioal College was founded u, ISIS and ,n ISBO had Tprotssor8j4 students, and o,W graduates, and the Vernn.nt Medleal College at Woodstock wa., foun.led In lS.io. and in m5n had 7 nrofi-«s>>rs. 90 studfiiLs, and 3:V2 grailualcs. ■ . u i «<■ rcademies '.re established ir> all the larger towns an.l villages, an,, throughout the SU.tc there are pnvate school, of ''1twfc'i"°"k.« -According to a report of the librarian of the Smithsonian Institution in 1S51 , there were in Vertnont li^Z^Z^m^^uu..s^^ college libraries-13 03..volum,.st f, stu.lent.,' Iibraries-8,fi67 volun.es ; and 13 pubho ...honl libraries— 9 100 volumes ; loU.1 2.3 libraries, and .'!4,209 volumes. .... ,■ . ^.Zu'.^^.^^. n«,nber of perio,lieals published in Vern,..nt in 1850 was .fi-U " ;^. ;;'-;'™ Ij^™ I'i neutral in politics In the latter class are included religi..us, literary, and other gen.ral ,s,sues. Ol the w ho ,. mnnbt r ";:;Z:d d:ny!l li-weekly.31 weekly,a,... 2 tnonthiy^ The dailu. ^^^^i;;^^;^ '"^:Z:^:^:Z^ .he,ri.LkHesor..OO..ieM..w.^^^^ ::;:;ir.«:n^^i;-'"n;om^ Washi„gt,,n, 6 w-^i-; Win^™, 5w.eklies^W^ ^^^^_^__ ^^^^ ^^^.^^^ ,^, ^„„^ ^,^_ was 1,ST0, ofwhich LOiio were -'^"^^^l^^!^-, iS , wa^'s' and ai L.t .late 76 were un.b^rgoing sentence. ^::i':zr::::z;:^<^:^-^!^^^^'^^-^- '-- *^'-' o9,andc.pe„ses.o.a. 6i-ha- T«'^'« lJ^.-/«"'^^The statistics of the several religious denominations in the State in 1S50, will .« fbund by reference to the table annexed : Denomina- timis. , of Church Value of r.hes accom. Property. Baptist 88.... 31,937... *153,S42 Christian.... 7.... 2,220.... 12,000 Congregatn. .163 .. . .76,122. . . .451,084 Dutch Kef... — .... — ■■■• — Episcopal.. 25.... 10,525.... 31,500 Free I.... lO"---- *"'' Friends 7.... 2,650.... 6,500 Denumina- Nn, of tkiiis. Climclies German Ref. — .. Jewish — . . Lulht-ran ... — .. M<'nnonite. Methodist. Moravian — — Presbyterian. 10 Churcb VnluenI accoin. Proiierty. - ....$ - .123.... 45,010.... 221,850 . 4,100. 17,600 Denomina No Cbnrfbes. R. Catholic... 8.. Swedenbo'n . . — . Tunker Union Unitarian .. Universalist Minor Sects 83 . . 2 . 84 Cl.urfh arcirn. ..4,3.15. ..34,,550. . 1,000. .13.325. .. 7U0. Value of Vri.i.ei.y. .$42,200 ,.122,800 .. 82,000 .. 11,750 .. 800 -making a total of 564 churches, with accommodation for 226,4« persons an.l f^fj^^^l^ ^ "■""■" '""^ ' dioc:':,' the rrotestant Episcopal Church, and is inCudcl in the Ur.m.n '^^^^^^^o within its border, Jli,torical SMc>,.-1he .listance of Vermont from the co,ast P'f' er, ^^ ^" ■™- ' \^ was nearly general, an.l in conseq..ence .lecree, of settlers were required U, take out new pate,.ts. ^'"^ ^ ^[^ ;";' , v,,„,„„u.rs was Ethan Allen, a b.,1.1 an.l delenn.ned ejectment were issued by the courts at f '''--J;^^' *; J^ u,,lr b s g..i.la.icc an.l counsel they r.-solved to main- man. without mental cult,vat..,n but of grea at., al po« s. I ■■ >e ^ ^,__^ _^,,.,,^ ^, ^^.„ y,,^ ^^ ealled government of New York. ,„ .,,^,,, „, ,n„oh In.Iignalion in Vermont as In The attempts of the British ministry upon the ' '>""" °/ ' <^ '\"'^ ' on the new, that hostilities h».l com- those provinces which were tnore *"'"'-''»''■'>• °''°7'""'' ''..."tu i.,ine.l by son.e omcers from Connecticut and menced, Ethan Allen collecte.l a body "^ »"»" l';:™ '' ^"' ^I";; Crown P.>int w.., surrendere.l s«.n afterward New Hampshire, surprise! the r.r.t.sh P'«' »V^ ? ' t^^'aMy l^ the success of the revolutionary cause, ami operated These enterprises, executed with a.ldress, redoun.kd t'''"'> " ., ,( „„ Montreal. Allen was sh..rtly anerward strongly on Jhe p.,blic mind in favor '■'.'''« ^""';'"'::-,,,:ig"''..a the' British succeeded in defeating the colonia, taken prisoner, and carried to Englan.I ,n irons. I" '^ '^■,": f „ j^;, Ticon.Ieroga fell again into the.r possession, navy on Lake Champlain, and on tl... -'-™-: ;";,,.;' ^...rnt were br-.k.-n up, and the wh.,le frontier su. eclM War now pressed heavily upon V.T.nont; ' !>; ^ ' 1 / ,, „,,„ ,„„ught of. A force was raiscl an.l tin, ed with to savage incursion. Sul.missi.m to the Hr.i.sh. '""Y ' •„ '„.m „f one thousand regular tr, and were continued without any open result until 17S3. Whatever the inten- tions of the leading men of Vermont were, there is no doubt but that the body of the people were still warmly attached to the revolutionary cause. The consequences of the negotiation in one respect, however, were favorable to Vermont, aa Bhe remained unmolested by the British during the remainder of the war. The peace of 17S3 found Vermont a sovereign and independent State de facto, and the Vermontese felt little desire to join in a confederation, the rulers of which had pursued such an evasive policy toward her during the war. New York Btill claimed a jurisdiction over the State, but was unable to enforce it, and the State government was administered as regularly as in any other pari of the United States. Affairs remained in this singular condition until after the formation of the constitution in 17S7, the advantages of which, undiT the adminisLraticm of Washington, inclined the people of Ver- mont again to attempt an admission into the Union. The only obstacle arose from the opposition of New York, which was Anally witluirawn in 1789. In that year commissioners from the two States mot, and effected an amicable arrango- ment. The sum of $30,000 was agreed to be paid to New York as a compensation for lands belonging to its citizens, which had been re-granted by Vermont, and New York consented that her claims to jurisdiction should cease. A con- vention was immediately called, by which it was resolved to join the Union. The consent of Congress was given, and on the 4th of March, 1791, Vermont became one of the United States. During the war of 1S12-15 with England, the vicinily of this State was the seat of a warm contest On the invasion of New York, volunteers poured from the mountains and valleys of Vermont, and by their patriotism and valor proved that they had not degenerated from, or forgotten the prowess of, their fathers. The repulse of the British from Platls- burg, and the capture of their squailron on Lake Champlain, delivered the soil of this district from tlie presence of an enemy. Aside from this interruption the prosperity of the State has been onward, but its history furnishes no event of BuflUcient importance to require detail. MoNTrEUER is the political capital of the State. Vermont, p. v., Fulton county, III. ; 51 miles N. "W. Springfield. Vermont, p. o., Howard co., Ind. : on N. side of "Wild Cat cr, 50 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. Vermont, p. v.. Cooper co., Mo. : 35 m. W. N. W. Jeffer- son City. Vermont, p. o., Chautauque co.. K F. ; 2S7 m. W. by S. Albany. Vermont Settlement, p. o., Will co., lU. : 147 m. N. E. Springfield. Vermontville, t. and p. v., Eaton co., SFich.: 24 m. "W. by S. Lansing. The t derives its name from having been settled by a colony of forty families from Vermont Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1S2 ; in 1850, 824. Vernal, p. o., Greene county, Jifiss.: on 8. E. side of Chickasawha r..l25 m. S. E. Jackson. Vernal, p. o., "Wyoming co., A'". Y. : 232 m. "W. by N. Albany. Vernon connty, 3fo. Situate "W., and contains 612 sq. m. Drained by Marais des Cygnes r a tributary of Osage r, 8S0 and by its numerous branches. Surface undulating and diversified; soil fertile, and adapted to the growth of grain. It is well wooded, and has gO(td pasturage for cattle. Vernon, p. v., Autauga co., Ain. ; on N. side of Alabama river, near the junction of Swift cr., 19 m. W. Montgomery. Vkrnok, p. v. and sta., Tolland co., Cwui. : 10 m. E. N. E ITartlord. Drained l)y Iloekanum r., which affords water- power to numerous manufactories. Surface diversified ; soil of moderate fertility. The Hartford, Providence, and Fish- kill R. K. touches the S. part of the t., 12 m. from Hartford. The V. contains 2 churches, etc. Pop. of t 2,900. Vernon, p. v., Kent co., Del. : on W. side of Marshy Hope creek, 18 m. S. S.W. Dover. Veenon, p. v., Troup co., Ga. : on W. side of Chattahoo- chee river. IIS m. W. MilledgevUIe. It contains an acad- emy, church, and dwellings. Veunon, p. v., and c.np. Jennings co., Ind, : on E. side of Vernon fork of Muscatuck r., 60 m. S. E. by S. Indianapo- lis. The Madison and Indianapolis R. E. passes through, 22 m. from Madison, 64 m. from Indianapolis. The v. haa VER a very piL'nsant site. It was lai>i out in 1S15. Thu counly buiMingsare neat. structures. Vt\p, ahoiiHind. Vkhnon. p. o., Jacksou parish, Lu. : 150 m. N. W. by N. Baton I^oui;e. Ykrnon, t. ami p. o., Shiawassee en., Midi. : S2 m. K. N. K. Lansinsr- This is one of the bist agricultural townsliips in the count)'. Pop. 674. Vf.un.in, p. v., SuIltT CO., Calif. ; on K. bank of Feathir river, at its connuence with tiu- Sacrammlo, liin-ctly opp(>- site Fremont. It 13 plea.'?ani)y situated at the lie:iH7i. .' on E. side of Pine cr., 45 m. W. S. W, Nashville. It contains the co, offices, a church, dwellings, etc. Vernon, p. v. and sta.. Windham co,, Venn. : on "W. side of Connecticut r.. 105 m. S. Iiy E. Montpelier. Surface of t. rough and mountainous. Slate is quarried in the W. part. Oak and chestnut timber is abundant. The Braltleboro' Branch B. R. nms along the Connecticut r., having stjitious at Vernon v. and South Vernon. Pop. of t. SiM. Vernon, t. and p. o., Waukesha co., Wise. : 60 m. E. by S. Madison. Pop. SS9. Vern-in, p. o.. Washington co., Fhr.: on E. side of Holmes cr.. 79 m. W. by N. Tallaliassee. Vernon Centre, p. v., Oneida co., jV. T. : 96 m.W.byN. Albany. Verona, t. and p. o., Dane co., Wi.tr. : on head braucli of Sugar r., S m. S. W. Madison. Pop, 4:!'*. Vei;ona, p. v.. Boone co.. h'>/. : 49 m. N. FrankforL Verona, t. and p. v., Oneida county, li'. >'. ; 106 ni. W. N. W. Alliany. Surface g'>nerally level, with some swampy tracts; soil rich mold, with some sand. Drained by Oneida and Wood creeks, which bound it on the W. and N., flowing into Oneida lake on its N.W. border. The Erie Canal and lUica and Syracuse 11. R. pasA through Ihe t. The t. contains numerous saw-mills, with several tanneries, and has considerable manufactures. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 4,504; inl?50, 5,56S. Verona Dr;pfiT. p. v. anrl sta., Oneida county, Al }'. ; on Syracuse and Utica K. K.,23 ni. from Ulica, and by railroad lis m. from Albany. Verona Mills, p. 0., Oneida co.. A' 1' ; 104 m.W. N.W. Albany. Vkrplank, p. V. and sta., Westchester county, NI Y.: on Hudson Eiver R. R., 42 ra. lYom New York, 102 m. from Albany. It has a good steaml)oat landing, with stores and dwellintrs. etc. Versaitj-ks, p. v., Brown co., lU. : N. E. of M'Kce's cr., 54 m. W. Springfield. Veksailit.s, ]\ v.. and cap. Ripley co., Ind. : on W. side of Laugh ry's er.. 65 m. S. E. Indianapolis. The village is built upon a high bluET, and contains the county buildimrs, P6 VIC with stores, etc. First settled in islS. The Cincinnati and St. Louis U. R. pasw's ihmugh this place. The " Western Intelligencer" (whig) is issued weekly. The population (now about SiiO) is rapidly increasing, with the general im- portance of the place. VKirsAiLLts, p. v., and c.ip. Woodford co., Ky,: 13 m. S. E. Frankfort. It contains the county buihlings. VEiiSAiT.i.Fs. p. v., and cap. (Morgan c(Mniiy. Mn.: ?,X m. W. S. W. .lelTerson City. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. Pop. about 6'io. Versailles, p. 0., Cattaraugus co., A'. }'. .■ 274 m. W. Albany. Versaillis, p. v., Rutherford co., Tenn. : So m. S. S. E. Nashville. Versuiue, t. and p. v.. Orange county, Venn.: 24 m. S. E. by S. Montpelier. Drained by Onipoinpanoosuc r. Surface uneven and stony. The U contains several saw and some other mills. Pop. 1,071. Vesper, p. o., Onondaga co., A^. }*. .'125 m.W. by N. Albany. Vestal, t. aiul p. v., Brootne co., A'. ]', ; on S. side of Susqm-hanna r.. 126 ni. W. S. W. Albany. Surface uneven and broken. J)rainelo trade, the river being navigable for sea-guing vessels to this place, ^ m. above Chesapeake bay. It con- tains several stores, 2 churches, etc. The total tonnage of this district on June 30th, 1850, was 15,478 tons enrolled and licensed, and 587 tons " licensed under 20 tons," all of which was employed in the coasting trade. During the year pre- ceding 27 schooners were built — 1,533 tons. Vienna, p. o., Jackson par., La.: 150 m. N. W. by N. Baton Rouge. Vienna, p. v., Macomb county, Midi. : 82 miles E. Lansing. Vienxa. t. and p. v., Oneida Co., X: Y. : 112 m. W. N. W. .\lbany. Bounded S. W. by Oneida lake. Surliice rollmg. Drained by Fish cr. and other streams. The t. contains numerous saw-mills, etc. Pop. 3,393. Vienna, t, Dane CO., Wise : 14 m. N. Madison. Vienna, p. o., Walworth CO., Wise. : 43 m. S. E. Madison. Vienna, t. and p. v., Trumbull county, 0/iio: 144 miles N. E. by E. Columbus. Soil good. Drained by several small streams. Pop. of 1 1,007. Vienna Cross Koads, p. o., Clark county, Ohio: 33 m. W. by S. Columbus. Vigo county, Infl. Situate W. on Wabash r., and con- l.-iins 408 sq. m. ' It is drained by numerous streams falling into the Wabash, Surface level, or gently undulating, fine- ly limbered, with prairies of small extent ; soil rich and productive. Coal, freestone, and limestone abomiVI. Farms 1,113 ; manuf 130; dwell. 2,045, and pop.— wh. 14,566, fr. col. 733— total 15,2S9. aipikil: Terre Haute. PiMin Woyl-s : Wabash and Erie Canal ; Terre Haute and Iticb- m,>nd R. R. ; Ev.ansviUe and Illinois Extension R. E. ; the National Road, etc. Village Green, p. v., Delaware county, Penn.: 11 m. Iv. S. E. Ilarrisburg. Village Springs, p. o., Blount co., Ma. : 100 m. N. by W. Montgomery. Villanova, t. and p. o., Chautauque co., N. Y. : 250 m. W. Albany. Surface broken and uneven; soil best adapt- ed to grazing. Drained by Conewango cr. The t. con- tains mills of various kinds. Pop. 1.536. Yii.LANOTA, p. c, Walker county, Ga. : 156 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Villa Eica, p. c, Carroll co., Ga.: 114 m. W. N. W. Milledgeville. ViLLE Platte, p. o., St Landry par.. La. : 69 m.W. by N. Baton Rouge. ViLfLA, p. 0., Russell county, Ala. : 71 miles W. by S. Montgomery. Vincennes, p. v., and cap. of Knox co., Iml. : on E. bank of Wabash r.. 100 ni. S. W. Indianapolis. Lat 88° 43' N. ; long. 87° 25' W. The v. ha3 a fine site along the river b.ank, ami is regulariy laid out, with wide streets crossing each other at right angle* It conlains the counly buildings, a fine town ball, good market-house, a V. S. land office, and several churches. The Catholic cathedral is a spacimac and James rivers running eiistwardly, and by the New River running westwardly. West of this great ridge lie several delachcd masse.'?, bearing the local names of Sidrling Hill, etc. SiUl farther west is the great Allegbany chain, which is broken through by Now llivcr and other slreamalo the north. PowelPa Mountain appears to bean out-lier of this chain, ansely & Co>, and of the Gamctl Mining Companv, in Buckiuirham county. There are also mines more or less productive in Sputtsylvania, in Stafl"opd, in Fauquier, in Culpepper, in Orange, in Louisa, and in Goochland counties. " It is a matter of not less morliflcaiion," says a Report of the Manufacturers' Convention, 1851, " than astonishment, that Vir<'iuia, with an area of coal measures covering not less than 21.000 square miles, very much of which lies on or near navigable waters, and capable of yielding all the varieties of British coal, and of equal quality, should be reduced t.> lite aetual production of less than 200.000 tons, of the value of $650,000, while Great Britain with little more than half the pxl-'ut of ooal measures, produces annually 37,000,000 tons, of about the value of .$37,1100.000 at the mines, and $180,000,000 at (he market of sale. And in regard to the iron-trade, while Virginia has an unlimited supply of the finest ores easily accessible for use and transportation, with the greatest abundance of coal, wood, and limestone for their man- B84 vrnoiNiA. ufacture, yet un.ler the operali-m (.f the jiresenl revenue laws of tlu' t-oiinlry. licr prodiiclinn. in spile of all the efforts of Ihe Slate to enmurage it. hiis shrunk to im almost inconS'i«ierat)K' anii.un:, au«l is in danger of niter ruin." The soils of Yirj,'mia are naturally of a most fertile nature, luil in the old settlements they have been exhausted by a vicious system of Ullage. In many parts, however, a renovation has been effected by the api)Iiration of proper fertilizers, and the adnpiion of a more scientific mode of culture, TIio Kasr.-rii and rii-dmont sections are cliiefiy engaged in the production of Indian corn and tobacco, the latter of which i-* one of the f;r<-at staple** of the State. Cott-m is also pro- duced iu these sections. In the valley, the crops are much Ihe same, exce])Iint; that wheat lakes the place of cotton, and the system of aijricullure is superior to that followed in the lower couulry. Beyond the mountains, and westward to the Ohio river, is a fine country, adajjted in soil and climate to the successful culture of all the grains, roots, and products of the Middle Stales, and equally propitious to Ihe breciling and rt-aring of cattle and otherdomeslic animals. It is not only a ^real agricultural district, but it is alike rich in minrrals and metals of the greatc-St importance and value, and will eventually become the workshop of the Stat'', as it is now the granary. Bold scenery is one of tlie distinguishing f.atures of Vir-iiuia; and no oth'r State ]>rescuts so many or so magnificent results of Nature convulsed. At Harper's Ferry, where the P-'tomae breaks llinnigh the IMue Kidge. the disruption has left behind it indehble marks of \t» firee- The ''Natural Uridgt-'' below Lexington, according to JeflVTs ui. is - the most sublime of Nature's works. It is an arch reaching acn-ss a luirrow ravine, which extends for some distance above and below, at the height of 21") feet above the stream which flows under it. S(J feet wide atul 0;) iei't long;"' and again lie says, " so beautiful and arch, so eh-vated, so light, and springing as it were up to heaven I the rapture of the spect;itor is really indescribable." These are but a moiety of the magnilicent scenes of the country ; everywluTo in the Great Valley, and among its mountain borders, are found spectacles of grandi-nr and sublimity. Virginia lias also numerous caves ami cavern?, of which Madison's Cave and VTeir's Cave, both iu the vicinity of Staunton, are those best known. Mntiisou's Cave extends about oHO feet into the earth, branching into subordinate caverns, and terminating in two basins of water, of about 30 or 40 feet in depth. "Weir's cave is much more extensive, and its numerous halls and chambers are pillared with an a-stoniahinsr profusion of stalactites, which in some places rL8enil>le stiffened water-falls, in others hanging in rieh festoons and folds like tapestry, or seem to rise from the floor like columns, thrones, towers, or statues; it extends 1,260 feet into the ground, and contains upward of 20 largi' rooms, besides numerous jiassages and galleries. One of these halls is 261) feet in length. 83 feel high, and from 10 to '20 feel wide ; and another is 153 by 15 feel, with a h.-ight of GO feet. Virginia is divided into 13T counties, the general statistics of which, and the capitals of each, in 1S50, were as follow : Eastern VinciNiA— 69 counties. Connties. Pwoll. Top. Fnrr,,. in .tilt. Cai>ilnl8. Counties. Dwell r,.p. u C.llt, Mao. ^- C.pital., Aeeom.ne 2,.'Ufl. .17,?90. 1,007. 17. . Aecomac King & Queen. 892. 10.319. 502, 6. KingvtQ.C.H Albemarle — . 2.1122. .26,8110. 9.35. 102. . Charlollesville Laneasler 420. . 4,708. , 299, . 4. , Lancaster Alexandria ... l.i'a. .lO.IIOS. 94. 89. ..Alexandria Loudon 2,8:34. .22.079. 1,256, .1.39. , Leesburg Amelia 56S. 9,770. 8.54. 5. . .\melia Louis*:! 1,2,54. 16.691. 8:iS, 22 , I^uisa Amliersl 1,127. 12.699. . 728. . 0. .Aiuherst Lunenburg S20. .11.692. ,548, 13, Lunenburg /\pp'>iiialtp. . 3..515. .24,610. . 9,005. Farm. tni^Mlt. . 216. .1,264. .1,075. . 11 .181 . 0. • C«|..lal.. .Covington .Slnunlon .Philippa CimnOe^ jjath Dwell. 410. 1,663. 495. Pop, 8,426. .11,771. 3,237. r«rm. in mil, 261, 570. 861. M.n- 17. 81. 3. I' CprtaU. Bath AlleL'liany . . . . Auiiusla Berkeley , Martinsbnrg Boone Barbour. . .. 8S5 VIRGINIA. Counties. Pwell. Pop. Botetourt .. 1.803. .14,908. Braxton . . 679. . 4,212. Brooke .. 839. . 5,054. Cabell .. 976. . 6,299. Carroll .. 996. . 5.909. Clarke .. 6.36. . T,S52. Doddridge... . . 525. . 2,760. Fayette .. 593. . 8.955. Floyd .. 987. . 6,453. Frederick . . . .. 2,825. 15,975. Giles .. 919. . 6.570. Oilmer .. 571. . 8,475. Grayson .. 1,001. . 6,G77. Greenbrier . . .. 1,419. 10,022. Hampshire . . .. 2,035. .14.036. Hancock .. 690. . 4,050. Hardy .. 1,327. . 9,M8. Harrison .. 1,866. ,11,723, Highland.... .. 651. , 4,217. Jackson .. l,0.Si. , 6,544, Jefferson .. 1,960. ,15,.357, Kanawha . . . .. 2,110. ,15,853, Lee .. 1,686. ,10,267, Lewis .. 1,533. ,10,031, Logan .. 572. , 8,620, Marion .. 1,7S6. ,11,552, Marshall .. 1,668. ,10,188, Mason .. 1,151. , 7.589. Mercer .. 665. . 4,222. Monongalia. . .. 2.124. .12,887. Monroe ., . . . .. 1,576. .10,204. FarmA I in cult. ] . 712. . 408. . 2S4. . 498. . 115. . 271.. , 240. , 42S. , 444. 1,065. . 539. . 825. , 604. . 608. .1,068.. . 806. . 723.. .1,093.. . 889. . 602. . 447. , 777.. . 595., . 818. . 469. 904. , 847. , 563. . 472. . 727. 910.. Manu '■ Capitals. Counties. Dwell Pop. Farms in < lilt. Han. £»Ial * Capitals. . ss. .Fincastio Montgomery., . 1,121, . 8,.359. 646. 0. .Christtansburg . 10. , Braxton Morg.in , 606, . 8.557, . 800. 9. . Berkley Spr'gs . 29. . Wellsbarg Kicholas , 602. 8,968, 418. 1. Nicholas C. H. . &3. .Cabell Ohio , .3,097, .18.006, . 376. .143. .Wheeling , 11. .Carroll C. H. Page , 1,089, . 7,600, 526. 23. .Luray , 48, . BerryTille. Pendleton . 691, , 5,795, 698. 66. .Franklin . 2. .West Union Pocahontas,,, , 558, 8,598, 85S. 14. ,nunter8vine , 7, . FayetteviUe Preston . 1,664, 11.708. 1,019, 5. .Kingswood , 16, .Floyd Pulaski . 585, 5,11S. 801, 19. .Ncwbem , 89, . 'Winchester Putnam . 7SS. . 5,335. , 4,'», . 21. .Putnam , 0. .Giles r>aleigh . 296. . 1,765. , 216, , 0. . Raleigh . 2, .Glenville P.an.lolph ,,, . S44. . 5,243. , 879, , 0, . Beverly . 0, .Greenville P.itfhie . 649. . 8,902, 885, 3, .Ritchie . 0, .Lewisburg Roanoke . 925. , 8,477, , 405, 5, .Salem , 57, .Romney Rockbridge,, . 1,908. ,16,045, . 666. , 57, .Le.\ington , 26, .Hancock. Rockingham , . 3,047. 20,294. ,1,213, .167. . Harrisonburg , 49, .Moorefield . Russell . 1,786. ,11,919. , 943, . 14 .Lebanon . 84, . Clarkesburg Scott . 1,523. , 9,329. , 614. . 82 .Estillville , 7. ■ Monterey Shenandoah . . 2,143. .13,763. . 664. . 7 . Woodstock , 16, . Uipley Smyth . 1,146. . 8,102. . 460. . 23. .Marion ,165, . Charleslown Taylor . 813. . 5.867, . 519. . 19, • Pruntytown .110, .Kanawha Tazewell , , , . . 1,449. . 9,942. . 726. , 13. .Tazewell 5 Tyler , 949, 5.498. 417. 16 , 27, .Weston Warren . 828, . 6,607. . 397. . 84. .Front Royal , 0, .Logan Washington . . . 2,137, .14,612. .1,148. .112. . Abingdon , 44, . Fairmonnt Wayne , 749, . 4,760. . 478. 9. . Wayne , 19. . Marshall Wetzel . 716, . 4,284. 428. . 8. .Wetzel . 9. .Point Pleasant Wirt . 628, . 8,353. . 809. . 7. .Wirt 2 Wood . 1,554, 9,450. 640. 24 . 67. .Morgauiown Wyoming . 248. . 1,646. . ISS. 0. .Wyoming . 80. .Union Wythe . 1,681. .12,024. . 668. . 22. .Wylhevillo The whole number of dwellings in the State, at the above date was, 165,815; of families, 167,580; and of inhabitants, 1,421.661 ; viz., whites 898,804— males 451,562, and females 4*3,752 ; fr. col. 53,829— males 25,843, and females 27,9S6, and si. 472,528. Of the whole population there were, (?«// and dumb—^rh. 5S1, fr. col. 13, si. 112— total 711 ; llind—yib. 636, fr, col. 121, si. 839— total 996 ; insane— vb. 923, fr. col. 46, si. 53— total 1,026 ; and irfio«ic— wh. 945, fr. col. 120, si, 230— total 1,2S5, The number of free persons born in tlie United States was 926,796, the number of foreign birth 22,.394, and of birth unknown 586, The native population originated as follows: Maine 271, N. Hamp, 239, Verm. 231, Mass. 1,193, R. I. 100, Conn. 556, N. York 2,934, N. Jer. 11,447, Penn. 6,823, Del. 542, Md. 10,338, Dist. of Col. 1,184, rtrginia S;2,S28, N. Car. 7,343, S. Car. 231, Ga. 93, Flor, 26, Al.a, 93, Miss, 73, La, 93. Tex, 7, Ark, 150, Tenn, 1,501, Ky, 2,029, Ohio 5,206, Mich, 83, Ind, 2S8, III. 126, Mo. 223, la, 87, Wise, 11, Calif, 4, Territories 8; and Ihe foreign population was composed of persons from— England 2.998, Ireland 11,643, Scotland 947, Wales 173, Germany 5,511, France 321, Spain 29, Portugal 51, Belgium 7, Holland 65, Italy 6.5, ,\ustria 15, Switzeriaud S3, Russia 8, Denmark 15, Norway 5, Sweden 16, Prussia 36, China 3, Asia 4. Africa 3. British America 236, Mexico 4, Central America 1, South America 7, West Indies 72, Sand- wich Islands 1, and other countries 76. The following table will show the ilecennial progress of the population since the first census of the State, taken by the United States authorities : CoinreJ Pi'rsnn^. Decennial Increase. Census "Wlitto , ^ — , T<.lal ^ • , y-'ara. Per-.ons. Fre,*. Slave 1..ial. Pupiilalinn. Numerical. Percent. 1790 442,1 15 12.766 293,427 806.19S 743,308 — — ,. 880,200 181.892, . 974.622 94,422, ,,1,M0.),379 90.7.57. .1.211.405 146.026.. .1.2.39.797 2S,.392.. .1,421,661 181.864.. . . .13.T ... 2.3 .,,14.6 1800 514,280 20,124 346,796 866,920 880,200 181.892 17,6 1810 6S1.,534 80.670 893,618 42S.0SS 974.622 94,422 10,7 1S20 6: .3.0S7 37,189 436,1.53 462,292, 1S80 694.300 47 ,-343 469.757 617,105, 1840 740.9.5S 49,552 4+3.957 498,839. , 18.50 895,304 53.829 472,5'3 536.357. . The aggregate statistics of the resources, wealtii. productions, manufactures, and institutions of the State, according to the census of 1850, and other official relunia referring to the same period of time, are as exhibited in the following snmniary ; Occupied tandu^ etc. — Improved farm lands, 10,3ij1.1,55 acres, and unimproved lands. 15.792.176 acres — valued in cash at $216,401,441. The whole number of farms under cultivation lui the 1st .lune, 1S50, was 77,013— in the Eastern District 87,741, and in the Western District 89.273. Value of farming implements and machinery. $7,021,772, Jlit!f-.S'((K*.— Horses. 272,403 ; asses and mules. 31,4S0; milch cows, 817,619; workmg-oxen, 89.613; other cattle, 669,187 ; sheep, 1,310."(14; and swine. 1,830,748. The live-stock of 1840, aud the comparison of that with the live-stock of 1860, exhibit the following results ; option. I^<^"**» I 326,433 head \ Asses aiKi Mules ) « ]■■' ,0M,14S Asses and Mules Milch Cows — Working Oxen Other Cattle. . . Sheep 1.298.772 ftwine 1.992.1,55 -in 1860, the total value of live-stock was estimated at $33,656,059. 880 1 SnO. 272.4113 head 21,430 " 817.619 89,518 669.1.37 1,510,004 1,S30,743 lUovement. J- deer. 82,6.55 head, or 9,9 per cent. ( 817.619 " ) X 89,518 " !• I 669.1.37 " 1 .incr. 52,121 .inn: 16.232 .*«■. 161,412 or 5.1 1.3 8.1 VIRGINIA. tkcr . I ,&2-i.SliS " or 69.7 hiny . 6II!,;23 " or 1.9 rf«v . 3.272,1117 " or 24.3 (Ifcr. . 61, 993 " or 70.9 itecr . 2S,92-t " or 11.3 Products o/Aninnik.— Vfoo\,2,SUI.76iV"ani\,0(IG. The wool crop accounted for in the census of 1S40 amounted to 2.53S,374 pounds: and hence the increase in tin- crop of H50 was r.22.:i91 pcuinds, or in tlie ratio of 12.7 per centum. In 1S40, the average clip per fleece was 31.4 ounces, and iu 1S50, U.O ounces— maliing an increase iu 1850 of 8.9 ounces per fleece, or 12.4 per centum. Graiii rmpx.—^fhunt. ll,2.32,f.lC bushels : rye, V,<,OiU) busliels : Indian corn. S.'5,2,M,319 bushel-s ; oats, 10,179.n4'> bushels ; l)arley, 2.i,4.'i7 l)U8hels ; ami Ini.-liwheal, 214,SaS bushels. The several yields compared witli those returned in the census of 1S40 give the fi)]It)wing results : Cf"]'i. 1S40, is.',0. Movement. Wheat 10.109,716 busliels 11,2:!2,01C bushels iiia: 1,122,900 bushels, or 11.1 percent. K.ve 1,4S2,799 " 4.')S.9:iO " In.liancorn 34,577,591 " 85,254,319 " Oats 13,451,002 " 10,179.015 " r.arley S7,4-3I) " 2,'j,4:!7 " Buckwheat 243,S32 " 214,b9S " Ot/ier Food Ci'opx. — Kice, 17,154 (in 1S40, 2,590) pounds: peas and beans, 521,551 bushels: potatoes — Irish, 1,816,938 bushels, and sweet. 1,513,071 bushels. The potato crop of the census of 1S40 ainouuted to 2,944,660 bushels, and hence the increase in ISoO is 1S5,944 bushels, or at the rate of 6.3 per centum. Mi-sc^^Ufint^om Crops. — Tobacco, 56,803,218 pounds: cotton, 3,947 bales of 400 pounds: bay, 869,093 tons; clover-seed, 29,727 bushels; other grains seed, 23,428 bushels; hops, 11,506 pounds; heniii — flew-rottcd 90 tons, and water-rotted 51 tnns : flax, 999,450 pounds : flax-seed, 52,318 bushels ; silk cocoons, 517 pounds; maple-sugar. 1,227,665 pounds; molasses, 40.822 gallons; beeswax and honey, 880,767 poun^, l&)0. ]S5(1. Movement. Tobacco 75.847,106 pounds 50.808.218 pounds (/*cr. 1S,.5S3,SS8 pounds, or 24.6 per cent Cotton 3,194,4'<3 " 1,578,800 " (/<>«■. 1,916,6-3 " or 51.8 " Hay 304.7o8iton3 369,098 tons incr. 4,390} tons or 1.3 " Hop-; 10,597 pounds 11, ,500 pounds iJicr. 909 pounds, or S.6 " Ilenip — dew-rotteii . . . I ( 90 tons i ■■ water-rotled... V 25.59^ tons < ,'i7 " [■«•. 50.01.5,720 " or 97.7 " Klax ) I 999.150 pounds I Silk cocoons 8.191 pounds 517 " deer. 2,674 " or 8:!.9 " Maple-sugar l,.541,s:}3 " 1,227,005 " deer. 314.10S " or 20.3 " Wine 13,911 gallons 5,408 galh™ deer. 8,603 gallons or 61.1 " "The correctness of the returns as to hemp, in the seventh census, has not yet been perfectly verified. There has been some douljt, whether, in a number of instances, the marsluds have not written torn where they meant pounds. (Has not the reporter in this instance written tone where he meant pounds, and riee rerm/—Ki[. of Oaz.). If, however, the returns are allowed to st;uid without reduction, it would apjiearthat thi^ cultivation of hemp or flax has materially changed since 1840. In the returns of that year as sljited above, both of these articles were inihide.l under the same head. In ISIO, those of Virginia gave 25,594 tons of hemp anresenteil in the census of 1840, amounted to $11,360,861. In the maiuifac.ture of rxitton goods, the capital employeil is $1,908,900; cotton consumed 17,785 bales, and coal 4.805 tons ; v;due of all raw material, fuel, etc, $82s,375 ; hanrls employed 2,90:3-males 1,275, and females 1,68,8 ; monlhly ciwl of labor, $24.774-male $12,983, and female $11,791 ; products of the year-sheeting, 15,040,107 yarl,no pounds, an.l coal 3.57 tons, valued together at $488.899 : hands employed 6.5S-males 478, and females 190 ; i.K.nlhly cosC of labor $10,571-to males $8,6-8, and to females $1,SS3; products of the year-<-loth 2,037,025 yards, and yar,. 898J.)5 poun.ls, valued at $841,013. The capital invested in the woolen manufacture in 1840. wte. $112.»0, hands employed 222; value of yearly manufactures $147,792 ; which statements include also the statistics of fulling-mills. The condition of Ihe iron manufacture is exhibited in the following stalisUcal aggregates : S f, , PI. ir„„ Cait Iron. Wrnii-lit Iron. Toul. Capital Invested.: doW.rs... 513,8.10 47U0O 791£11 1,770.171 o'-'^r"--; "T *"■'" 7,iu::::::::" 17,296::;::;:::: n4io J.,'«""""7' - _ 2,500 2.500 Kl""»'»""^"l ■• - 205 - 205 Old metal used -- 7 878 ■':::::. :. C6,5i5 1H.375 Mineral Co.al consumed " 89.982 i.-" ,„oo,„v ^ is-.iu,n jSllDOO 71.600 103,000 1,185,0«0 Coke and Charco.aI consumed huiluh.. S8T VIRGINIA. 'ig Iron. Wroiiglil Iron. ChbI Iron. Tolal. 158.307 2a7,0I4 691,«S l,04i;.7C9 1,115 810 1,295. 14 9 — . 14,328 16..'?12 80,469. 22.16:3 5,577 15.32S . 621,924 674,416 1,254,995 . 3,220 23 01 ,1(19 43,063 2,451,335 Specificntions. Vaioe of all raw materinl, etc. — dotlnrs . . Hands employed— ffiale number.. " " female *' Monthly cost of lalxir doUiira . . Iron prtKiuceil '*'"* Value of year's produeta doUitrs . . —in 1840, Virginia had in operation 42 furnaces, that in the preceding year liad produced I8,S10i tons of cast iron, and 62 bloomeries, forges, and rolling-mills, whicli had produced 6.856 Ions of bar iron. The t2,S25 1793 2,987.098 1794 8,321.636 1795 3,490,041 1796 5,268,655 1797 4.908.718 179S 6,113,451 1799 .. 1600 . . 1801 .. 1802 . . 1803 . . 1804 .. 1805 . . 6,292,986 . 4,480,689 . 6,655.674 . 8.978.363 . 6,10O,7(iS . 6,790,001 . 6,000,020 . Year. Exports. Imports. 1806 $5,0,'i5,396 $ 1807 4,761.234 1808 526,478 1809 2,894,125 1810 4,822,611 1811 . 1812 . 4,822,307 . 8,091,112 . 1818 1,819,723 1814. 1815 . 17,681 . 6.676.976 . 1816 8,212,860 . 1817 6,628,443 . 1818 7,016,246, 1819 4,892,821 , 1820 4,557,957 . Year, Exports, Im|)orts. 1821 $3,079,209 $1,078,490 1822 8,217,889 864.162 1823 4,006,788 631,810 1824 8,277,664 639,787 1825 4,1 29,620 533,562 1826 4,596,782 635,4.38 1827 4,657,933 431,765 1828 8,340,185 875,238 1829 ....... 8.787,431 895.3.i3 1830 4,791.644 405,7.39 1881 4,151,475 438,523 1882 4,510.650 553.639 18.33 4,467,687 690,891 1884 8,469,240 837,825 1835 6i064,068 . 691,255 VIRGINIA. Yenr. ISSC 1S37 isas 1S39 — 1S40 4,TrS,220 Exportn, Imports. $6,192.11411 .tl,lll6,S14 3,7112.714 813,802 8,9S6.22,S 577,142 54,%eS,'> 1541 , . 1542 . . 1543 .. Exports, . . . $5,630,286 . ... 8,7.')0.3iG . ... 1.9.57,165 . 1844 2,942.279 . 1S45 2,104,681 . Imp.)rts $377,537 816.7115 187.002 2n7.6.54 267,068 Year. Exports. 1816 $3,529,299 . 1847 6,6.")S,374 , 1S43 3,081.412 , 1«49 3,.37.%73S . Inip.irte. $2119,004 8S(>,127 215,081 241,935 1860 . 8,415,040 426,.'i99 Internal Communication, etc, — The railroads anti canals of Virginia, which arc among the most magnifi'-cnt works of the kind in tlie tTnion, extend o:cneraIly from the .\tlanlic porl-s to the West, and are continued throuijh Ohio, Ken- tucky, ami Tennessee, to all the chief places in the norlh-west. west, and south-west. Alexandria, llichtni.nd. and Norfolk are the initial points on llie Atlantic: from Alexantlria liivercje the Oraiiirc and Alexandria Kailroad and the Manass:is Oap R. II. — the one directed toward Gordonville, where it joins the Central road, and the ollu-r crossiiis the first mountains, and pa^sin? down the valley to Harrishurjx and Staunton, there unites with the same line : th>- ("entral liailroad, st:irling at Itidimond, pas.ses through Oordonsville, 8taunton, etc., to Covington, and there unites with the Covington and Ohio liailrt>ad, extending westward to Point rieasant, on the Ohio, tlicre uniting with tlie tlliio system, and to the mouth of Dig Sandy Itiver, wliere it Joins the Kentucky lines to Maysville, Lexinglttn, and Louisville, and through them eonneots Willi the lines streti-hing to the north and toward Nashville and New ttrleans, antl from N.-rlitlk and Petersburg a line extends through the southern counties to the Tennessee line, whence it is continued lo Knoxville, connecting at that point with numerous lines directed to every iniporlant cenlral station in tlie south-west. etc. These railroads furnish to the State ample means of transportation, and will carry to and from the si'ahoard an iiutoense com- mercial material. They will also he the means of reviving the general conmierce of the Slate, and of furnishing an outlet at Virginian porls for nuieh of the produce of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, which now finds its way to more northern markets. In the north-west several lines are heing biiiil to cver Ihe Potomac on a splenurg, Lynchburg. Norfolk. Petersburg. Winchcsler. ami Wylbesville ; Ihe Merebanis' and .\b-elianics' Bank, at Wluc-lim.-. wilh branch at Morgantown : and the North-western Bank of Virginia, at Wheeling, with brandies at Jemrsonville. Park- ersburg, anm by remaining in the Commonwealth more than 12 months ; restrictions may be imposed upon emancipation, but the General Assembly shall not emancipate ; it may relieve the State from the free negroes by removal or otherwise; yeas and nays shall be taken on all tax and appropriation bills ; no incorporated company shall be released from its liability to the State, nor shall the faith of the State be pledged for the debts of any company ; seven per cent of the State debt existing, Ist January. 1S52. shall be annually set apart as a sinking fund to redeem said debt ; no loans shall be contracted for a longer period than 34 years ; whenever a debt is contracted, there shall be set apart annually for 34 years, a sum exceeding by one per cent the atrgregate amount of the annual interest agreed to be paid thereon at the time of its contraction, which sum shall be a part of tlie sinking fund ; stocks held by the Commonwealth may be sold, but the proceeds must be applied to the payment of the public debt ; no charter shall be granted to any church, but title to church properly may be gr.inted to a limited extent; no lottery shall be authorized, and the buying and selling of tickets shall be prohibited; n(» new county shall bo formed with an area less than GOO square miles; powers shall be conferred on the Courts exclusively to grant divorces, to change the names of persons, and direct the sale of infants' estates; there shall be a periodical regisi tration of voters, and of births, marriages, and deaths, annually ; a census shall be taken every five years after the natii>rial Census. Federal Representation.— In accordance with tho act of 23d May, 1S53, Virginia elects thirteen representatives to the Congress of the United States. The militia force of the State. In 1S51, consisted of 125,123 men of all arms, of which number 6,404 were ooinniisHi(«ied officers, and 118.C34 non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers y^Z were general officers, GG general staff'-officers, 1,423 field-officers, etc., and 4,973 company ofiScers. All white persons between the ag*s I'f IS and 45 are subject to military duty. The principal benevolent institutions of the State are the Lunatic Asylum, at Staunton, and the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, at the same place. These institutions are liberally supported by annual legislative appropriations. Public Fiiiajicefi, ^c— The aggregate debt of Virginia, on the 1st April, 1851, was as follows: R.-voIutionary War debt (6p. c), $24,0.39 17; war debt of 1S12 (7 p. c), $319,000; Internal improvement debt (6 p. c), $9,364,916 '14; internal improvement debt (5 p. c), $1,065,600: internal improvement debt (5i p. c). $25,300; debt for subscription to banks, $450,107— total deltt, $11.24S.962 21 ; but tif this there was held l)y State agents, under the control of the Legislature— by Literary Fund $1,125,606 50, and by Board of Public Works $375,912 41. or in all $1,501,518 91, leaving an actual out- filandlnsdebi of $9,747,443 30. The State is also li.ible cimditionally for guaranteed bonds for intmial improvements $3,947,S94. The Slate holds assets, consisting of stocks and debts due— productive of $7,000,565 4S, and— not now i>ro- S90 VIRGINIA. duetive, $6,052,206 53 ; totiil ^13,112,S32 11. The valuation of property, rt-ai and personal, assessed for taxation, in ISoO, amounted to $SS1,376,G60. The valuation of the same, according to the U. S. census of that year, was .^13u,Tul,t)S2. The valuation fcir taxes in May, 1862, amounted to $415,642,189 70, being an increase of over $34,()U0,000 iu two years, and it was estimated that there was other property not taxed to the value of $50,000,000. The chief sources of income for the year were as follows : ordinary revenue and taxation, $676,256 09 ; dividends on bank stock, $236,542 9-4; bonus on bank dividends, $46,093 86; internal improvements, $64,029; interest on loans to internal improvement companies, $90,771 61 ; militia fines $13,509 76 ; annuity from Old James River Company, $21,Mtio ; loans obtained to pay subscriptions to joint-stock companies, etc., $1,288,395 19 ; temporary loans, $100,000; Washington Monument Fund, $22,115 69 ; and sales of articles made at the Penitentiary $11,000. The expenditures were as follow : expenses of General Assembly, $103,867 2.i ; oUlcers of government, $93,647 45; criminal charges, $39,554 82; con- tingent expenses of Courts, $32,931 65 ; militia, $19,344 65 ; Virginia Military Institute, $20,710; public guard at Kieli- mond, $21.M0 IS; com m. of revenue, $-32,106 90; lunatics and lunatic asylums, $I0il,S90 71; deaf ami dun]ls and blind asylums, $15,901 29 ; interest on public debt, $659,634 47 ; contingent fund, $16,672 40 ; puWic roads, $5,601 50 ; general appropriations, $27,162 02; revision of laws, $28,801; penitentiary, $27,602 84; redemption of public delit, $239,600; advance to Board of Public Works, $197,000; Washington moimment, $29,860 a5; diviileuds to sloeklioldcrs of Old .Tames Kiver Comjtany, $20,895; surveys, $3,500 ; subscriptions to internal improvement c^nnpaniesoutof loans received. $1,185,627 23 ; primary schools, $45,674 03 ; and annuity to University of Virginia, .$150,000. Educational Statidics. — The number of schools reported in 126 counties and towns, for the year ls5'l-51, was 3,904, and the number of poor children 72,876, of which 31,053 had attended sch'iols during the year. Amount expended lor tuition, including b(»oks, compensation of officers, and all other expenses $68,135 93. Average actual attendance of each child at common schools, 52J days. Average cost per annum of each scholar. $2 15. The permanent capital of the Literary Fund amounted, on the 1st October, 1350, to $1,.533,710 32; and the revenue derived therefrom, for the year, amounted to $97.SS3 66. Academies, seminaries, and private schools, are numerous in all the cities and towns, and many of these are institutions of favorable reputation. The statistics of the collegiate establishments and professional schools, in 1351, are as follow : Ciile'-iate In-titiitioii3. Locntifin. - FoitTiiled. Profesgiirs. Alumni. Stu.lenls. Vols, in libr. William and Mary Coll. (Episc.) Williamsburg 1692 .. . Hampden-Sidney College Prince Edward's co 1783. . . Washington College Lexington 1789. . . University of Virginia Charlottesville 1319. . . P.andolpli-Macon College (Meth.) Boydton 1833 . . . Eichmond College (Baptist) Eiehmond 1833. . . Emory and Henry College (Meth.) . .Emory 1833 . . . Eector College (Baptist) Pnmtylown 1839 3. Virginia Military Institute Lexington 1S.39... Bethany College Bethany 1S41 . . . rrofcuHonai SchooU : Episcopal Theol. Schoolof Virginia. .Fairfax county 1322 4. Unio.;Theol. Seminary (Presb.) Prince Edward co 1S24... Virginia Baptist Seminary Eicbmond 1832 8. Law Department, Univ. of Virginia .Charlottesville — ... " " Will, and M. Coll.. Williamsburg — ... Medical School, Univ. of Virginia . . .Charlottesville 1325. . . Medical Depart., Ilamp.-Sidney Coll. . Eicbmond 1833 . . . Winchester Medical College Winchester — ... William and Mary College is, with the exception of Harvard University, the oldest literary institution in the country, and is distinguished for its large proportion of graduates who have risen to eminence, some of whom have heM the highest stations in the nation. Th.imas .Jeflerson was a graduate of litis college. It was founded on a donation of land, 20^000 acres, granted in the reign of William and Mary. The buildings are of brick, and sufficient to accommodate loo stiidents. It was formerly allowed a representative in the General Assembly. Hampden-Sidney College w.as establisheil in 1774, and named after those martyrs, who perished in the good old cause — John llampden, and Algernon Sidney. U was chartered in 173.3. More instructors have emanated from this college than from any other Southern inslitulion. Con- nected with the college is a Literary and Philosophic Society, and an Institute of Education. There are al.so .several societies among the students. The university owes its origin and peculiar organization to Mr. Jeffersoji. It possesses philosophical a'nd chemical apparatus, together with a fine cabinet of minerals and fossils, and an anat"inical ami miscel- laneous museum. The observatory, a short distance from the university, is furnished with the requisite astronomical instrument. The organization of the university differs materially from that of any other institution in ih,- Union. The students are not divided into four classes, with a course of studies embracing four years, but the different branches are Btyled "schools," and the student is at liberty to atleml which he |)leases, and graduate in each when prepared. In order to attain the degree of M. A., the student must graduate in the several schools of mathematics, ancient hinguages, .n.jral philosopliv, natural philosophv, chemistry, and in some two of the modem languages. This institution is m every respect organized; and justly regarded as a university of the first class. The Virginia Military Institute is co.iducted on the plan of instruction observed at West Point, and is a highly valued institution, and has been UbcraUy encouraged by State "^'pKW/!-'/.™«/ri<.s.-The Eeport of the Librarian of the Smithsonian Institution made in 1S51, slates the public libraries of Virginia as follows : one State library-14.000 volumes ; 4 soeiaI-3,313 volumes ; 9 eollege-15,790 volumes ; S ""''-nls'- 10,406 volumes; 5 academic and professionaI-12,951 volumes; 1 scientific and historical-1,200 volumes; 2 public-1,460 volumes. Total— 30 liliraries, and 89,130 volumes. i. „, , rerioMcal Pre^s.-WTgima, on the 1st .June, 1350, had 100 periodical is-oues-in politics SI were whig, 22 democrat, and 47 neutral, the latter including those devoted to lib-rature, science, religion, and all the character of which had not been ascertained. Of the whole number 20 were published daily, C tri-weekly. 7 semi-vveekly. 60_wee-kly, 4 monthly, and 1 quarterly ; and the circulation of the dailies was .33,760 copies at each issue ; .)f the tri-weeklies, . 00 copies ; of M,e semi- 7. . .. .... 36 . . . 5.ofio 6.... ....1,.')00.... .... 25 S.ooO 6.... 600 .... 50 ... 4,95(1 10.... ....3,500 ....3S3 ... 16.000 7.... .... 147.... .... SO . . . . S.liOO 5.... 5.... .... 50 .... 1.2110 5.... .... 65.... ....100 .... 7.S07 3.... _ .... ,50 .... 2,600 6.... .... 107.... ....120 . . . 2,000 6.... .... 80.... ....141 .... S,.500 4.... .... 239.... .... 8S.... . . . . 5.11110 8.... .... 175.... .... 20..., '4.000 8.... — .... 07.... 1,000 1 70.... 1.... .... 82.... _ 3.... — .... 96.... — T.... .... 40.... .... 90.... — 5.... — — — VIRGINIA. Cliiiri-b V»Ioe of Dennmina- NE«Bor.o', p. v., and cap. Anson co., 2f. Car.: 80 ra. S.W. by W. Kaleigh. It contains a court-house, jail, stores, etc., and 1 bank, capital *2ti0,000. The "North Carolina Argus" (whig) is issued weekly, and the " Cadet of Temper- ance" semi-monthly. Pop, about 650, Wadestown, p. 0., Monongalia co., Virg. : 203 m. N. W. Piiehmond. ■Wadrsville, p. V. and sta., Clark co., Virg.: on "Win- chester and Potomac R. i;..23 m. from Harper's Ferry, 9 m. from Winchester, 109 m. N. by W. Eichmond. Waduam's MiLi^, p. o., Essex co., 2f. Y.: 102 m. N. Afl>any. Wading River, p. v., Suffolk co., A''. T. : on small inlet of same name, 131 m. S, S. E. Albany. Wadsworth, t. and p. v., Medina co., Ohio: 94 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by N. branch of Chippewa r. Inter- ests of t. are chiefly agricnlliiml. but has some manufac- tures, with several mill?. Pup. of 1. 1,62"2. Wadswobth's. sta.. Norfolk county, Mas3.: on Norfolk County K. R., SO in. IVom Boston, "Waggoner's Ripple, p. o., Adams county, 07ti^: 75 m. S. by W. Columbus. "Wagostown, p. v., Chester ci)., Penn.: 60 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg. Here is located a charcoal forge, which in 1S49 m;ide 300 tons of blcwms, and a rolling mill, with an- nual capacity of 400 tons. Wag HAM, p. 0., Accoraac county, Virff. : 97 m. E. by N, Richmond. W^AHKon county, Ta. Situate W., and contains 770 sq. m. Drained by Little Sioux r. and branches. Surface in gen- eral undulating; soil fertile, and adapted to wheat and grain. Set otT since 1&50, Waiinahta county, Mhin. Ter. Extends from the Mis- sissippi to the Missouri, and between 45° 25' and 46*3 20' N. 894 lat., and is drained centrally by the Miimesota and a Jaques rivers, and E. and W. by rivers flowing to the border rivers. Surface elevated, and generally level, interspersed with thousands of lakes, and covered in many parts with valu- able timber. The Minnesota and Red rivers of the north have their rise in two adjoining lakes, separated only by a short portage. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 26, and pop. — wh. 160, fr. 0— total 160. Capital: Waholock, p. o., Kemper co., Jfiss.: 110 m. E. N. E. Jackson. WAnsATcn mountains, Uta7i T^r. .* extends across the territory in S. S. W. direction from the Green river range of the Rocky Mountains, to the Sierra Nevada range of California. Waits, p. o., Washington county, Me. : 126 ra. E. N. E. Augusta. Pop. of Waite Plantation, SI. W^AiTEFiELD, t. and p v., Washington co.. Verm. : 11 m. S.W. Montpelier. Drained by Mud r. and branches, which furnish water-power to grist and saw mills, etc. The in- habitants are chiefly engaged in farming. Pop. of t. 1,021. Wait's river, Verm^ : flows through N. E. part of Orange CO. into the Connecticut, and with its branches, afl'ords great water-power. Wait's Corners, sta., "Washington co., AT. Y. : on Ent- land and Washington E. E., 25 m. from Troy, 59 m. from Rutland. WAKA6A6SA, p. o., Levy CO., Flor. : on "Wakasassa river, 114 m. S. E. by E. Taliahassee. Wakasassa bay, I'^tor. : bounds Levy co. on the S. W. ; it receives several rivers, and contains a number of islands. Wakatomica, p. 0., Coshocton co., Ohio: 49 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Wake county, K. Car. Situate centrally, and contains 1,01S sq. m. Drained by Neuse r. and its branches. Sur- face even ; soil various, but in general very fertile. Chief productions, cott^m, tot»acco, wheat, and grain. Farms 1,410 ; manuf. 56 ; dwell. 2,844, and pop.— wh, 14.177, fr. col. 1.301, si. 9,409— total 24,887. Capital: Ealeigh. PuUic ^forK■s: North Carolina Central E. E.; Gaston and Eal- eigh E. R. Wakefield, p. v., Carroll coimty, Md. : 60 rc. N. N. W. Annapolis. Wakefield, t and p. v., Carroll co., A'l ITamp.: 32 m. N. E. Concord. This is a pleasant t, with good soil, and possessing water-power. It contains 3 large ponds, of which Lovewell's Pond, in the S. pari, is celebrated as the scene of a batUe with the Indians in 1725. Pop. of 1. 1,405. Wakefield, p. v., Wake co., X. Car.: IS m. E. N. E. Raleigh. Wakefteld, p. v., Waahimrton co.. 7?. 7. .• 11 ra.W. S. W. Newport. It contains a chnrch, a factory of satinets and jeans, and one bank, capital $100,000. Wake Forest, v.. Wake co., 2f. Car. : on Gaston and Ealeigh E. R.. 17 m. N. Raleigh. Ilere is located Wake Forest College, a Baptist inslitutinn. founr. Situate N., and contains 492 sq. m. Drained by branches of Ockatockany r. Surface level ; soil fertile, and productive in a high degree. Chief products, cotton, sugar, rice, wheat, Indian corn, and fruits of all kinds. Farms 100; manuf 5; dwell. 227, and pop. — wh. 1,1 M, fr. col.l,5l. 790— total 1,955. Capital: Newport. Walcott, p. o., Greene co., ArJt.: 126 m. N. E. Liitle Eock. Walden, p. v., Orange co., N. Y. : on E. side of Walkill WAL WAL r.'^ 80 m. S. by Vf. Albany. It contains several woolen lao toriea and mills. Pop. about 440. Walden, L and p. v., Caledonia co., Vi^nn, : 21 ra. N. E. Montpclier. Surfnce elevated and rough. Drained by head branches of Laniciille rivt-r. Pop, of t 910. Walden's Ckeek, p. o., Sevier co., Temi. : ISO m. E. by S. Nashville. ■Waldensvillb, p. 0., Schoharie county, K T. : 25 m. "W. All 'any. Waldo ooiinty, 3ff-. Situate S., and contains 981 sq. m. Drained by Marsh and St. George rivers, and tributaries of S^bastieook river. Surface undulating and diversified, with numerous lakes and streams of running water, the latter supplying line water-power; soil fertile, and favorable to the growth nf wheat and grain, and other agricultural pro- ductions. On the E., the Penobscot stretches out into a broad expanse of water, forming a nnble bay, and affords, by means of the nutny exeelleriMiarbors on the line ot coast, facilities for navigation and the fisheries, that can not at all times be commanded. It is well wooded, and has large beds of excellent limestone, great quantities of which are exported. Farms 4.415; mauuf.S47; dwell. 7,tJ'U,and pop. — wh. 47,191, fr. col. 89— total 47,230. Capital: Belfast. Waldo, t. and p. v., Waldo co., Jfe. : 37 m. E. by N. Au- gusta. Drained by small streams flowing into Belfast bay, ftiriii!*hing good water-power. P«>p. of I. S12. Waudo, p. o., Delaware county, Ohio: on W. branch of WbetsUine r., 33 m. N. by W. Columbus. Waldo, p.o., Wright co., Mo.: 97 m. S. by W. Jefferson City. Waldoboro', t., p. v., and port of entry, Lincoln co., Me. : on Museongus r. The v. has considerable ship-building and navigation. The total tonnage of Waldoboro* district on June 30th, 1S50, was 96,330 tons. The registered tonnage amounted to 3S,4S3 tons, consisting of 30,612 tons permanent, and 7,S71 tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed ton- nage amounted to 57,S47 tons, consisting of 56.094 tons en- rolled, and licensed, and permanent, of which 51,S32 tons were in the coasting trade, 3.7IS tons in the cod fishery, and 544 tons in the mackt-rel fishery, and 1,753 tons "licensed under 20 tons,'' of which 2^Z tons were in the coasting trade, ac'l 1.470 tons in the cod fishery. The foreign commerce during the year preceding consisted of 18 clearances— 2,54S tons, and 6 entrances — 192 tons. Vessels built during the year 71 — 32 ships, 17 brigs, 22 schooners — 23,632 tons. Pop. of t in 1S40, 3.6G1 ; in 1S50, 4,199. Waldros, p. o., Scott CO., Ark. : 96 m. W. by N. LitUe Eoeiv. WALDwion t. and p. o., Iowa co., Wise: 30 m. S. W. by W. Madison. Pop. 423. Wales, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Me.: IS m. S. W. Au- gusta. Pop. of t. 612. Wales, p. t.. Hampden CO., Mass.: 63 m. W. S. W. Bos- ton. Drained Ijy a head stream of Quinnebaug r. and ntlier small creeks. The v. contains 2 churches and 2 factories, making principally satinets, and employing 50 operatives. Pop. of t.711. Wales, p. o.. Ogle co., lU. : 156 m. N. by E. Springfield. Wales, t. and p. v., Erie co., X. Y. : 'MS m. W. Albany. Surface undulating; soil fertile Inam. Drained N. W. by Seneca cr. The inhabiianls are generally engaged in farm- ing, etc. Pop. of u 2,124. Wales, L and p. o., St. Ciair co., Jfich. : 9S m. E. by N. Lansing. Pop. 189. Wales Cestbe, p. c, Erie county, A^ T. : 250 miles W. Albany. AValeska, p. 0., Floyd county, (?«. ; 150 m. N. W. by W. MilledgeviUc. Walisvillk, p. v., Oneida co., ^\ Y.: 90 m. W. N. W. Albany. It contains several paper and other mills. Waluonding, p. v., Coshocton co.. (Miio : on the Wal- honding Canai and river, 50 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. Waluo.ndi.no river, Ohio: is formed in the N. W. part of Holmes county, by the confluence of Jluddy and Black forks, thence fliiwa S. and E., and at Coshocton unites with the Tuscarawas r., forming Muskingum r. Walker county.^;*/. Situate toward the N., and con- tains 1,6S7 sq. m. Drained by Mulberry fork of Black War- rior r. and its branches, Sipsey r. and Blackwater and Lost creeks. Surface uneven and broken, in parts hilly ; soil (er- tile, and on llie streams are some level bottom-lands adapted t<"> cotton, the staple production. Coal is abundant, it is well timbered, and interspersed with numerous streams of clear running water. Farms 9tJ9; mariuf. 11; dwell. 799, and pop.— wh. 4,S57, fr. col. 1, si. 266— total 5,124. Capital : Jasper. Walker county, Ga. Situate N. W.. and contains 645 sq. ni. Chatooga r. drains it in the S., and Chickamanga in the N., flowing into Tennessee r. Surface varied, \u general it is hilly, with broad fertile valleys interspersed ; soil fertile, and produces fine crops of wheat and grain. Good limber is on the land. Abtjut 12 miles N. of the t". H. is Crawfish Spring, which at its source atTords sufilrienl n^att-r to fioat a small vessel, and at about .Mt yardsdisianl a large steamboat. Farms 600; manuf. 1; dwell. 1,S(;7. auil pop.— wh. 11.409, fr. col. 37, si. 1,664— total 13,lo9. Capita/: Lafayette J'uh- lie Works: Western and Atlantic K. It. Waleer county, Ihr. Situate lowanl the S.,and contains 1,042 sq. m. Drained by head branrhes of S.an Jacinto r., and affluents of Trinity r., which fluws on its N. E. border. Surface hilly and broken ; in the S. are some bottom lands, the soil of which is generally a black mold, and very fertile. A large portion is prairie, the soil a., Md.: 70 m. N. W. Annapolis. Walkersshlle, p. v., Union county, A'. Car.: 114 m. W. S. W. Ilaleigh. Walkerto-v, p. v., King and Queen co., Tirg. : 80 m, N. E. Richmond. Walkertown, p. o., Forsyth co., X. Car. : 95 m. W. by N. Ealeigli. Walkervillf, p. o., Lycoming county, Penyt. : 62 m. X. Harrisburg. W ALLAHOLT bav, Al >'. ." Hcs between the cities of Brook- lyn and Williamsburg. II is about one m. long, and three- fifths m. wide. On its S. W. side is tlie V. S. Navy Yard, covering some 40 acres, with the greatest dry dock i[i the Union. In the vicinity is the tomb, rontaining the remains of 11,000 Americans, who died on board the British prison ships moored in this bay during the Kevolulion. 895 WAL WALnrE, p. o., Jones counly, Ga. : 16 miles S. W. Mil!e.lj;.'ville. Wai.i.ace. p. 0., Fountain co., Iiid.: 62 m. N. Vf. by W- IndiiUKip-'lis. Waiiace, p. o., Iowa county, WUc. ; 49 miles W. by N. Matlis'in. Wallace, p. o., Chester CO., Penn. ■Walla. E Ckeek, p. o., ImVpfnilonco CO., Arl:: on W. Bide •■r Wliile r., 73 m. N. N. E. Little Uock. Wallace's, sta., Steuben CO., jK y. : on Buffalo, Corning^ and New Vorli E. K.. .31 m. from Corning. Wallace's Cross Eoads, p. o., Anderson coimly, Tenn. : 144 m. E. Nashville. WALLACEvn-LE, p. 0., Vcnsngo county, Pmn. : 16S miles W. N. W. Harrisburg. Wallawalla river, Oreff. Tfr. : rises in the Blue mountains. Hows N., then W., and empties into Columbia r. near Ftirt Walla'ivalla. Walloen's Eidqe, p. 0., Marion co., Tenn,: 90 m. S. E. Nashville. Walled Lake. p. o., Oakland Co., Mich.: 54 m. E. by 8. Lansing. Waller, p. o.. Boss co., Oldo : 45 m. S. Columbus. Wallixgfoed, t., p. v., and sta., New Haven eo., Cann. : 23 miles S. S. W. Hartford. Sirface plcas»ntly diversitled, Willi good soil. Drained by Quinnipiac r., which furnishes water-power. The v. at the centre is plcisanlly situated and neatly built, and contains .3 churches. A Utile W. of the V. is the sta. on the New Haven, Hartford, and Spriug- fleld U. U., 12 m. from New Haven, 24 m. (i-om Hartford. Pop. of t. 2.639. Wallixofokd, p. 0., Will county, lU.: 138 miles N. E. Springfield. WALLixoFOP.n, t.. p. v., and sta., Kutland counly, Verm. : 59 m. S. S. W. Monlpelier. Surface uneven and mountain- nns. Drained on the W. by Otter creek, and by its branch. Mill river, on the E., which rises in Hiram's Pond in the S. part, covering 850 acres. There are other ponds in Iho t., which are very handsome, and abound with flsh. Lime- stone and excellent marble is abundaiiL The v. in the N. part, near Oiler creek, is very pleasant, and surrounded by beautifid scenery. The Western Yeriimnt K. R. passes through it, 9 m. from F.utland, 42 m. from N. Bennington, 74 m. from Troy. Pop. of t 1,6SS. Waliing'8 Febky, p. 0., Kusk county, T■. !*<' <">■< Yi'V-- 333 m. W. by S. Richmond. Walnut Hill, p. o., Rapides par.. La. : 102 m. N. W. liy W. Baton Eouge. Walnut Hill, p. o., Fayette CO., Kt/.: 27 m. E. S. E. FranktbrU Walnut Hill, p. o., Hamilton county, Ohio: 86 m. S. W. by W. Columbus. Walnut Lani, p. o., Surry co., iK Car. : 124 m. W. N.W. Ealeigh. Walnut Peak, p. o., Tishemingo co.. Miss. : 195 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. Walnut Post, p. o., Lauderdale co., Tenn. : 153 m. W. by S. Nashville. Walnut Eidoe, p. o., Phillips CO., Art. : S4 m. E. Little Eock. Walnut Springs, p. o., Greene co., Wise: 81 m. S. W. Madison. Walnttt Valley, p. o., Madison co., Jy. .' 48 m. 8. E. Frankfort Walnut Valley, p. o., Eock Island county, /U. : 120 m. N. N. W. Springfield. Walnut Valley, p. o., Marion co., Tenn. : 86 m. S. E. Nashville. Walnut Valley, p. o., Warren co., Jf. Jer. : on N. side Paulin's kill, 62 m. N. by W. Trenton. WAL WAR "Walpole, t., p. v., and sta., Norfolli co., Mass.: IS m. S. "W. by S. Boston. Surface uneven. Drained by Nopon- set r. and branohes, which furnish water-power to several factories of woolen and cnttnn goods. Tlie town contains several pU-aaant villages. The Norfolk Co. K. li. passes through Walpole v., IS ru. from Boston. Pop. of 1. 1,929. "Walpole, t.. p. v., and sta., Cheshire county, X. I/mnj).: 41 m. W. y. \V. Concord. Connecticut r. bounds it on the W. Surface Iieautifully diversified. The v. ia very pleas- antly situated in S. E. part of the t., on an elevated plain at the foot of Fall Mountain, which is 750 feet above the Con- necticut r. The t, contains several woolen factories, tanne- ries, grist and saw mills. The Cheshire K. K. nina along tlie bank of tlie Connecticut, having stations at "Walpole v. anti Cold river ; the former is 69 m. from Fitchburg. Pop. of t. 2,034. "Walpolk East, p. o., Norfolk co., Mass. : 19 m. W. S. "W. Eos Ion. "Walser's Mill, p. o., Davidson co., X. Car. ; 97 m. W. Raleigh. Waltekboro', p. v., and cap. Colleton dist., S- Car. : 94 ni. S. by E. Columbia. It contains the county buildings, etc. Pop. about 300. ■\Valtuam, t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co., Mass.: 8 m. W. N. "W. Roston. Surface generally level; drained by Charles river, which affords water-power to several factories. The principal v. is pleasantly situated, and is very neatly buUt with many elegant dwellings, surrounded by fine gar- dens. Many of the inhabitants trans&ct their daily business in Boston, with which it is connected by Fitchburg R. R. It contains several handsome churches, a lyceum, and 1 bask, capital $100,000. Prospect Hill, N. W. of the v., elevated 4S3 feet above the level of the sea, affords delightful pros- pects of the vicinity, and Boston city and harbor, etc. Pop. in 1S40, 2,504 ; in 1S50, 4,4G4. "Walthoueville, p. 0., Liberty county, Ga. : 134 m. S. E. Milledgeville. ■\V ALTOS county, Flor. Situate W., and contains 1,157 sq. m. Drained by Yellow and Shoal rivers, with White and Alequa creeks. Surface generally level; soil varied in the N., being fertile and more productive than in the other parts of the co. Chief products cotton, sugar, and Indian corn. Choctawhachie bay bounds it on the S. Farms IGl ; manuf. ; dwell. ISo, and pop.— wh. 1,037, fr. col. 6, si. 33G— total 1,379. Capital: Uchee Anna. "Walton county, Ga. Situate N. centrally, and conUiins 354 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Oconee and Oc- , mulgee rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile, and is a deep mold, with clay intermixed ; it is well adapted to cot^ ton, which is one of the principal productions of the county. Farms S64; manuf. 56; dwell. 1,191, and pop.— wh. G,S90, fr. col. 16, 6l. g,9fi9— total 10,821. Capital: Monroe. Public Works: Georgia R. R. Walton, p. o., Booue co., Ay. ; 53 m. N- by E. Frankfort. "Walton, t. and p. v., Delaware co., iVI }' .- 73 m. S. "W. by W. Albany. Drained by W. branch of Delaware r. and its affluents. Surface hilly ; aoi/ best adapted to grazing. The v. on Delaware river contains several mills, 2 churches, and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. of t, 2,271. "Walton, p. o., Kanawha co., Viri/. : 218 m. TV. N. W. Richmond. Walton, p. o., Newberry district, S. Car. : 40 ra. N. W. Columbia. Waltonham, p. v., St, Louis co.. Mo, : 102 m. E. by N. JefftTSon City. Walton's Ford, p. o., Habersham co., Ga.: 105 m. N. Milledgeville. "Walwobth county, Wise. Situate S. E., and contains 676 sq. m. Drained in the W. portion by Turtle cr. and its atfluentfl, and in the E. by Fox r. and its branches. Surface level and diversified, with numerous lakes, the principal being Geneva an. The v. contains several stores, 2 churches, and about ISO inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,9S1. Walworth, t. and p. o., Walworth co., Wise. : 46 m. S. E. Madison. Surface diversified, with excellent land, chiefly prairie, but consiy S. Lansing. Interests entirely agricultural. Pop. in 1S40, S37 ; in ISSii, 700. Wabrkn, p. v., Fannin CO., Teas. : on S. banlt of Red r., 247 m. N. E. Austin. Waerkn, p. v., Baltimore CO., Md.: on E. bank Gun- powder r., 32 m. N. Annapolis. "Wakeen, t., p. v., and sta., Worcealer co., Masn. : 5? ni. "W. by S. Boston. Drained W. by Chicopee r., on which the v. is situated. The Wealern K. R. passes through it, 29 miles from Worcester (73 m. fri>ra Buston). It contains sev- eral manufacturing eslabliBhments, with 2 churches, stores, etc. Pop. of L in l&iO, 1,290 ; in 1S50, 1,776. Warrkn, t. and p. o.. Marion co.. Mo.: 84 m. N. by E. Jefr.rsMn City. Pop. of t about 2,000. \VAi:RiiN, t., p. v., and sta., Grafton co., N. Hamp. : 52 m. N. N.W. i:oncord (direct), and by the Boston. Concord, and Monirral R. B., which passes througli, 71 m.from Concord. Surface diversifled; in S. part mountainous, having Cart's Mountain on its S. E. border. Pop. of t S72. ■Warrfx, p. v., Jo Daviess county, HI-.: 182 miles N. Springfield. The Illinois Central R. E. will pass through this place Wauhen, p. , Lee co.. la.: 72 m. S. Iowa City. Waki;en'. sta.,Du Page CO.. /^^.: on Galena and Chicago Union R. R., 25 ra. from Chiciigo. ■\Vabi:e.n-. I. and p. o., Herkimer county, JVI Y. : 62 m. W. by N. Albany. Surface hilly ; soil excellent loam. The inhabilanla are generally engaged in agricultural pursuits, but the I. aISM contains mills of various kinds. Pop. 1,756. AViiiREN. p. v., and cap. Trurabull co., Ohio: on Mahon- ing r.. 140 m. N. E. by E. Columbus. The v. is regularly laid out with streets crossing at right angles. U conXains the county buihiings, a bank, several churches, etc. In 1S5U three newspapers were published— " T. Whig," '-T. Democrat,"" and " Western Reserve Chronicle" (neul.) Pop. of t. 734. Waeiien, p. b., and cap. Warren co., Perm.: on N. sme of Alleghany r., at the confluence of Conewango cr., 15S ra. N. W. Harrisimrg. It occupies an ele\Tited site, 35 feet aliove the river, of which it commands a fine view in either direction. It is regularly laid out with streets crossing at right angles, and has a fine public square in the centre con- taining the county buiklings. It contains 3 churches, an academy, ston-s, etc., and has some ntainifacturea. The " W. Ledger" (dem.) and *■ W. Mail" (whig) are here pub- lished. Two Unes of railroad are projected to pass through this place. Sunbury and Erie R. R. anivn,i.E, p. v., Lycortiing county, Pmn.: 72 m. N. by W. Ilarrij-burg. Waerkn Taveen, p. o., Chester co., Penn. : 70 m. E. by S. llarrisburg. Wari:knton, p. v., aud cap, Marshall co., Ala.: a tittle S. Tennessee r., 137 ni. N. M'-nlgomery. It contains a court-house, jail, etc. The *' Southern Guard" (dem.) is is- sued weekly. WAiiRENroN, p. v., an f„„„,la.ion for a kind of agricultural Venice far into the heart as yet ma. e ''"' 'f'^ ">"« « . ^^ f^ ,„„,;, „= Oregon Missions by Father Pe Sniet, and Irving's Astoria, are the chief engagt-dt a geological reconnoi..anee of the old Oregon Territory, which has taken him much among the Rocky ''ZTtrrt:Zm^l^^^'^ P-"— ' ~-«'«^ '^•"'' "- ostablishmentof this -w Territory The government. Torrimrv the President has ftirther honored hun liy placing Since the appointment of Col. Stevens as governo ^ '^^ J^ ^^j^;;^/, "^^^ Z. under a recent act of Congress, him at the head of a party to explore what is termed the >,or.h. ri I 'f''^^'^'" ^^ ascerudned in the making an appropriation to explore the different proposed routes '» *« Pa _.l ■ ; « ■"^';,-,,., ^,„,i„,, „.„ ,„„„ enrvey-of this route is the practicabdity of the "'^'^'''''^"f;^;^^^^^^^ „^ V „ono that are sought for by only to the route upon which they are to be engaged, and iheir reports «'"""' .„'■(,,„, ji,„.o„, are Cnpt. .Tolm tbe'departmeut under which they are ,o act. The officers o the f "'>. 'f'" 5'',; „ ^ ^"^^ .,,,„,,,,. , ^ Lieuf. Knfu, W. T. Gardiner, Is. Drag.xms ; Bvt Capt. George B. M-Clell. n 2, Liu 1. T. K.I ^ ,^^^. J ^ ^,^^. _^^^^ ^ ^^^^ Baxton, Jr., 4th Artillery; 2d LieaL ^i-v.er Gn.ver 4 h Arlill r 2 L _ ^„„„,i„,. The scientific corps 2d Lieut. John Mullan, Jr., 1st Artillery ; and Drs. Luckiej an, '.' "J; "'^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^_^|^^^.^ ^^^.^, ; ,;. W. Ste- will consist of some 12 or 14 persons, among whom are ''';"''''■' ;.;,,, ;*„;„,„, ; and John Lambert draughuman. vens and A. Eemenji, astronomers ; A.W, Tenkliam ari.l r . " . .^^^ ^^ ^^^ (.„„ineer company, under command of The escort consists of 10 non-commissioneJ ofhcers. ariin< . rs, . i ^^_ .^^^^^^,^ ^^^^ ,, ,,, i,r,n;non9, under command Lieut. Donelson, and one sergeant, two corporals, one '""*'■■';'"• ' ' „^ „f ,.,,,i„ri„g the Cascade range, of Capt. Gardiner. CapL M-Clellan will depart from ' ''^•■' ^ '^'^ ,!„,,'„,, „„,, ,„ir.v men. and proceed east, with two officers furnished him by the brigadier-genera in <•" ™^"^ " Louis and ascend the Missouri Uiver to Fori ward. A portion of lie main parly, under Lieut. Donelson, wiU leave bU Louis ana as WAS WAS Union, at thR uiouih of the Yellowstone, the place of rendezvous on the east, where they will be joined by the remainder of the parly, under the immediale command of Gov. Stevens. A ^^p(lgraphtcal survey, says the Waf>liin0on {D. C.) liepuUic of 7lh May, 1?53, will be made of the Kooky and Cas- cade mountains, between the 46lh and 49lh paralk-ls, and of the intervening country, to determine the general course of Ihe railroad, and to guide the civil engineers in estaltlishing its precise route. This reconnoisance will embrace the prom- inent features of the country, the mountain ranges and passes, the windings of rivers and streams, and their dividing ridges, the prairies, and every thing necessar>' for the comtructinn of a map of the countrj-. This will comprehend the iaiporlaul points of the Misanori and Columbia rivers, the dehouches of the Cascade and Kocky mountain ranges the fixing of the latitude and longitude of all important points, and all the facts bearing upon the construction of the road including the natural facilities for the transportation of iron, supplies, etc., required for the road. In crossing rivers the height of the banks will be noted, the deplh of the water, the apparent highest water, the nature of the bollom on which abutments and piers must rest, the width between the banks, and all information leading to correct estimates of the means and cost of earn ing a road over Ihe stream. It is ntpt doubled that the controlling points will prove to be the passes of the Cascade and Kocky mountains, and the opinion is entertained that the location of a road between the two ranges, and for a long distance east of the Rocky Mountains, may be suspended until these passes shall be thoroughly examined, and a practical avenue discovered. It is proposed to construct a general map from the head waters of the Mississippi Kiver to the Pacific Ocean, a map of ■Washington Territory, and thence eastward to the hca'. Their duty is one of s')me peril, and will be attended with great privations and hardships. Often, we doubt not, apparent impossibilities will arise before them in such frirm as would deter irresolute men from the consummation of the task assigned them. Bui the reality of such appearances will undoubtedly in each instance be fully tested by this chosen band, in whose safety and welfare, and la the triumph and success of whose enterprise, their whole country will feel the deepest interest WAemNoTON county, Ala^ Situate S. W., and contains 1,049 sq. m. Drained by numerous branches of Toml)ieboe r., which forms its E. boundary, and by Escatawpa creek. Surface varied— in the N. undulating, and in the S. gener- ally level. Soil fertile, and adapted to cotton and com. Pine and other timber aboumls. Farms 141; manuf. 0; dwell. 25S, and pop.— wh. 1,195, fr. col. 22, si. 1.49&— total 2,713. Capital: Washington. Puhlic Works: Mobile uud Ohio R. R. Washington county, Ark. Situate N. W., and contains 929 sq. m. Drained by Illinois r., a tributary of Arkansas r., and by a head branch of White r. Surface mountainous ; soil fertile, and adapted to cotton. Farms 850 ; manuf. 2T; dwell. I,4:i0, and pop.— wh. S,636, fr. col. 14, si. 1,199— total 9,849. Capitnl : Fayetteville. Washington county, D. of Col. : co-extensive with the DisTBtcr OF Columbia. Washington county, Flor. Situate toward the W., and contains 1,226 sq. ra. Drained by several branchesof Choc- tawhatchee r., which bounds it on the west. Surface level ; soil generally poor, but there are some fertile tracts, adapted to cotton ; rice is also growTi. In the S. is St An- drew's bay, the banks of which contain a quantity of live oak. Farms 155; manuf. 4; dwell. 2T8, and pop.— wh. 1,4.54, fr. col. 12, al. 504— total 1,950. Capital : Roche's Bluff. "Washington county, Ga. Situate E. centrally, and coa- 902 tains 962 sq. m. Drained by branches of Oconee r., which flows on its western border, and of Ogeechee and Great Ohoopee rivers. . Surface varied ; soil fertile in some por- tions, but in general is of a tight sandy nature, and very indifferent Wheat and grain are produced, but cotton is the staple. Pine and other timber is found on the land. Farms 632; manuf. 6; dwell. 1,077, and pop.— wh. 5,993, fr. col. 35, si. 5.T3S— total 11,766. Capital: Sandersville. Puhlic Work%: Georgia Central K. R. Washington county, IU. Situate toward the S. W., and contains 5S3 sq. m. Drained by Elkhorn and Muddy creeks, and small branches of the Kaakaskia r., which forms ils N. W. boundary. Surface level, and a large portion is low and wet. Soil poor, and unfit for cultivation. It has good pasturage, on which large numbers of cattle and hogs are fattened, and the exportation of which is considerable. In the S. are some fine prairies. Farms 829; manuf. 9; dwell. 1,2SS, and pop.— wh. 6.929, fr. col. 24— total 6.953. Capital: Nashville. Public Worka: Illinois Central E. K., Sangamon and Massac R. R. Wasdington county, Ind. Situate 8., and contains 540 sq. m. Drained by Muscatatuck r. and E. fork of White r., Lost r, antl head streams of Blue r. Surface diversified — hills, levels, and undulations succeed each other rapidly, and forests, prairies, and barrens intermingle strangely. Sink holes and caverns abound, the substratum being limestone Soils unusually fertile. Farms 1,71S; manof. 83; dwelt. WAS WAS 2,S97, and pop.— wh. IfiJSS, fr. col. 252— tnUit 1T.040. Capi- tal: Salem. PuhlU- Works: New Albany and Salem K.i:. "Wabhington county, la. Situate toward the S. E.. and contains 569 sq. m. Iowa r. flows through its N. E. corner, by which and its branches, and by Skunk r. and Loni; and CroS56, and pop.— wh. 4,957, fr. col. 0— total 4,957. Ci'pitul: Washington. ■Washington county, Eij. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 807 sq. m. Drained by Chaplin's fork of Salt r., and its branches. Surface level ; 3<>il generally fertile, and adapted to grain and grazing. Chief productions, tnbacco and Indian corn. Farms 867 ; manuf. 21 ; dwell. 1,517, and pop.— wh. 9,0S6, fr. cul. 63, el. 3,045— total 12,194. Capital : Springfield. WA8HiN(iTON parish, Iai. Situate N. E. in the eastern district, and contains 85S sq. ra. Drained chiefly by liogue Chitlo, and Chifuncte rivers. Surface hilly and broken, and much of it covered with pine forests; soil in general is barren, but there are some portions of fertile land, and cotti^n and rice are grown, which fi^rm the staple articles of comnierce. Farms 260; manuf. 0; dwell. 406, and pop. — wh. 2,367, fr. col. 4, ala. 1,037 — total 3,403. Capital: Franklintown. Wasqingtos county, 3fe. Situate S. E., and contains 2,470 sq. m. Machias, Pleasant, and Naraquagas rivers, with other large streams, drain the co. Surface uneven and broken, and is diversified with numerous lakes, the prin- cipal of which is the Schoodic in the N. Soil fertile, adapted to wheat and grain. A large number of cattle and bogs are fattened in this co. The etLstern boundary is formed by the St. Croix r., which separates it from New Brunswick. The numerous bays which indent the Atlantic shore afford excellent harbors, and also advantages for navigation and the fisheries. It is well timbered. Farms 1,S75; manuf. 310; dwell. 6,835, and pop.— wh. 38.6^. fr. col. 126— total 3S,S10. CapiUil: Machias. Public Works: Franklin U. R. ; European and N. American K. K. ; Calais and Baring E. K. Washington county, Afd. Situate W., and contains 518 sq. m. Drained by branches of Patuxent r., which forms its E. and N. E. boundary, and by Piscataway. Broad, Coneeocheague, and other creeks, affluents of the Potomac, which flows on its S. W. border. Surface varied, in some parts being hiily and much broken ; soil a deep mold, and in the valleys and the river bottoms is very rich and pro- ductive. Stapb-9 wheat and grain. Live-stock and grain are exported. Farms 1,292; manuf. 170; dwell. 5,052, and pop.— wh. 26.929, fr. col. 1,829, si. 20,903— total 30,848. Capital : Hagerstown. Pablio Work^ : Baltimore anry, and has been the longest settled. Farms 48 ; manuf. 4 ; dwell. 1 61 , and pop. — wh. 1,052, fr. col. 4— total l,(i56. Capital: Stillwater. Washington county, J/m«. Situate W., and contains 1,219 sq. m. Drained by Williams' bayou, and Sun FInwer rivers and their branches and email streams, all of which are Iribularies of Yazoo river. Surface diversified with lakes, and in the W. the land rises toward the Mis»>i?&ippi, and forms high natural embankments to that river; soil very fertile, and wdl adapted to cotton, which is the chief pro- dnction. Farms 109; manuf. 0; dwell. 1*26, and pop.— wh. 553, fr. coL — , Bla. 7,336— total 8,889. Capitul: Greenville. Washington county, Mo. Situate townrtal 5,666. CapiUil: Plymouth. Washington county, Ohio. Situate tttward the S. E., and contains 612 sq. m. Muskingum r. passes centrally through it, by which aiui its branches, and by Little Musk- ingum r., and Duck, Wolf, Bear, and Cat creeks, it is drained. Surface in general is hilly and broken, there are. however, some tracts of level land alitug the Ohio and Muskingum rivers; soil fertile and adapted to grain. Staples wheat and Indian com. Apple, pear, peach, and other fruit-trees produce well. It contains sonie salt-beds, and iron ore of a good quality is found. On Big and Little Muskingum rivers bituminous coal aliounds. Farms 1,776; manuf. lOS; dwell. 4,906, and pop.— wh. 29.149, fr. col. 391— total 29,540. Caj>iturces; and being po».s<_-SLScd of ample navigation and water-power, is destined to a high rank in weallh and prosperity. St. Helen's, on the Columbia, and Portland, and Linn (;ity on the Willarnelte, are already flrmrishing towns. Farms 116; manuf 5; dwell. 418, and pop.— wh. 2S>i^i, fr. col. S— total 2.651. Caj,itiil: Ilillsboro', Washington county, /Vhh. Situate S. W., and contains 795 sq. m. Drained by branches of Mont>ngahfla r., which forms its ea-^tern boundary, and by Buffalo, Raccoon, and Cross creeks. Surface' Ho[newhat elevated, and m parts much broken; soil generally fertile, and produces abund- antly wh<'at, grain, and potatoes. A large quantity of live« , stock is raiM'd and exported. Coal of bituminous nature is found abundantly, and extensively mined. Farms S,572; 903 WAS WAS manuf. 247 ; dwell. 8,045, and pop.— wh. 43,3S0, fr. col. 1,559— total 44,939. Ctipital: Washington. Public Works: Pitts- burg and Steub'enville K. R. ; Ilempfield R. E. WASuiNtiTON county, 7?. /. Situate S., and contains 867 sq. m. Drained by Pawcatuck r., and Cliarlfes and Wood rivers, its chii-f branches, both of which supply good water privileges. Surface uneven ; soil a strong gravelly loam, witli clay intorraixed, and is well suited for pasture. It has many fine harbors, and has great coniniercial advantages. Chief products, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Farms 1,30S; manuf. 95; dwell. 2,S91, and pop.— wh. 15,911, fr. col. 511)— total 16,430. Capikd: Kingston. Public Works: Providence and Stonington R. E. 'Washi>'gton county, Teym. Situate E., and contain.^ 512 sq. ni. Drained by Nolichucky r. and its affluents, and branches of Watauga r., a tributary of Ilolston river. Surface hilly, and in parts somewhat mountainous and broken. Soil fertile, and produces good crops of wheat and grain. Pork is exported in large quantities. It has somo important manufactures. A portion of the county is well timbered. Farms 9-22; manuf. 120; dwell. 2,155, and pop.— wh. 12,072, fr. col. 259, si. 930— total 13,S2I. Caj/ital : Jonesboro'. Washington county, Tece. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains 937 sq. m. Drained by Tegua, Jackson, New Year's, and Caney creeks, by which good water-power is supplied. Surface undulating, and is mostly prairie land witli occa- sional groves of timber; soil fertile, particularly on the streams, where it consists of a deep black Inani. Staples, cotton, com, and potatoes. The soil of the prairies is generally rich, and makes excellent pasturage. Farms SOG; manuf. ; dwell. 600, and pop.— wh. 3,166, fr. col. 0, si. 2,S17— total 5,9S3. CapiUtl: Brenham. WABurNGTON couuty, Yenu. Situate in the centre, toward the N. part of the State, and contains 550 sq. m. Drained by Onion r. and its chief branches, which afford giMjd water- power to the CO. Surface hilly ; soil in general fertile, and there is some fine land along the streams. There are some fine quarries of granite and slate found here. Chief produc- tions, wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. It has some im- portant manufactures. Farms 2,104; manuf. 77; dwell. 4,442, and pop.— wh. 24,641, fr. col. 13— total 24,654. Capital : Montpelier. Public Works: Vermont Central R. K. Washington county, Virg. Situate S. W^., and contains 547 sq. m. Drained by New r., and branches of Great Kanawha and Clinch rivers. Surface diversified, mostly valleys between mountain ridges ; soil various, in the valleys being fertile, and on the uplands adapted to grazing. The Blue Ridge forms its N. W. boundary. Chief produc- tions, wheat and Indian corn, with pork, potatoes, etc. Farms 1.14S ; manuf. 112 ; dwell. 2,137, and pop.— wh. 12.""2, fr. col. 109, si. 2,131— total 14,G12. Capital: Abingdon. PubliA: Works : Virginia and Tennessee R. R. WASinNGTON county, Utah Ter. Extends along the S. line of the Territory, from the Rocky mountains to the California line, and is S5 miles wide. Drained by Colorado river and its tributaries. Formerly a purt of Iron eonnly. Washington county, Wise. Situate E. towani the S., and contains 603 sq. m. Drained by Milwaukie and Meno- monee rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile. It is well limbered. Farms 1,353; manuf. 22; dwell. 3.770, and pop.— wli. 19,4S4, fr. col. 0.— total 19,484. Capital: Port Washington. Washington, p. city, District of Columbia: and cap. of the United Slates, beautifully and conveniently situate on the N. bank of Potomac r., between Rock creek and the Anacosfti or Eastern Branch. Lat. 38^ 55' 4S" north, and long. 77° 1' 30" west from Greenwich. It is the first meri- dian of American geographers. The site has a gently undulating surface. Tlie city extends N. W. and S. E. about 4^ m., and E. to 8. about 2i m. The public buildings occupy the most elevated situations. The streets run N. and S. and E. and W., crossing each other at r right angles, with the exception of 15, which point to the 904 Slates, of which they severally bear the names. Tho Capitol commands the streets called Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania avenues ; the President's House, Penn- sylvania, Vermont, New York, and Connecticut aventies, and all these different intersections form 1,170 squares. Pennsylvania avenue, wliich stretches in a direct Une from Georgetown to the Eastern Branch, passing the President's House to the Capitol, is 4 m. in length, and 160 feet wide between thoso edifices, and beyond them 130 feet The streets, which are from 70 to loo feet wide, will give a fine appearance lo the city; but as yet few are built upon. The whole area of the city is about 3,016 acres, and its periphery about 14 miles. Washington is nearly surrounded by a fine amphitheatre of hills of moderate elevation, covered with trees and shrubbery, and commanding from many points picturesque scenery, and extensive \iews of the "River of Swans," which descending from the Alleghany mountains and winding its way for nearly 400 m. through a fertile and most attractive country, expands into Chesapeake bay. The environs of the city abound in the most eligible sites for villas and country seats, and such will doubtlessly be multiplied, as the great advantages of the metropolis become more ex- tensively known. The fli"st record in regard to the laying out of the city, is ft-om the pen of Washington, dated lllli March. 1771, and ill a letter dated 30lh April of the same year, he calls il the " Federal City." Its present name was adopted by the commissioners appointed to lay it out. The original pro- prietors, in consideration of tho benefits they expected to derive from the location of the seat of government, conveyed in trust to the commissioners, for the purpose of e8t;iblish- ing the city, the whole of their respective lands which were included within the city limits, upon condition that after retaining for the public the ground of the streets, and any number of squares that the president might think proper for public improvements or other public uses, the lots should be equally divided between the public and the respective proprietors. By this means the public obtained possession of more than 10,000 lots, from which, in addition to a donation of $192,000 from Marjiand and Virginia, funds were to be raised lo defray the expenses of the public build- ings, etc. The city was founded, and the comer-stone of the Capitol laid with Masonic honors, on the ISlh Sept, 1798, and the city was first occupied as the seat of government in 1800. The public buildings of Washington are the Capitol, the Executive Mansion, the State Offices, Treasury Buildings, War OfHccfl, Navy Offices, Offices of the Secretary of the Interior, Post-office, Office of the Attorney-general. Nation- al Observatory, the Arsenal, Na^■y Yard, Smithsonian Insti- tute, National Medical College, Columbian College, Coast Survey Office, City Hall, National Institute, numerous churches, the hotels, and many others devoted to a variety of useful, literary, and benevolent purposes. The Capitol is situate on an area of 80 acres, inclosed by an iron railing. The building stands on the western por- tion of this plat, and is so elevated as to command a view of the entire city, including Georgetown Heights, the wind- ings of the Potom.ac, and the city of Alexandria. It was commenced in 1793. During the embargo the works were suspended, and as the British subsequently demolished much of what had been accomplished, the government in 1815 found it necessary to reconstruct the whole edifice. The exterior exhibits a rusticated basement of the height of the first story, the two other stories are comprised in a Co- rinthian elevation of pilasters and columns; these columns, which are 30 feet in height, form an advancing portico on the east, 100 feet in extent, the centre of which is crowned with a pediment of SO feet span: while a receding loggia, 100 feet in extent, distinguishes tho centre of the west front. The building is surrouu'Ied by a balustrade of stone, and covered with a lofty dome in the centre, and a flat dome oq WAS ■WAS each winjj. Tbe dimensions of the buil^Jing are; length of front 353 f*;et 4 inches, depUi of wings 121 feet 6 inches, and the height to the top of centre dome 145 feet- The cost up to 182S, when it msiy be said to have been completed, waa nearly 3'I,*'-'0,000. During the session of Congress 1S50-51, appropriations were made for the further enhirgement of the Capitol by the addition of two new wings of 23S by 140 feet eaeh wing; anof— all these productions of the chisel being from the hands of Causici and CapeUano. In niches on the outside of the east door are also two statues of colossal size representing Peace and UW/', from the chisel of Persico. Of the paintings, four are by Col. John Trumhtdl, one by Weir, one by Vanderlyn, and one by Chajmian — the order for the remaining vacancy not having yet been filled. The subjects of Trumbull's pictures are, the Decla- ration of Independence, the Surrender of General Bur- (7oy»^, the Surrender of Vie British A.rmy,co7n7nanded by Lord Coi^iwallis, at Yorktmcn^ in Virginia, and the Kesignatifm of General Washington at Annapolis. The 86 subjects of the remaining pictures are the Emhavhition of the Pilgrims from Leyden, by Weir; the Landing of Co- /h?/(/'».v, by Vanderlyn ; and the Baptiam of Po<-nhonias, by Chapman. As these illustrate scenes connected with the very earliest history of our country, none but the lead- ing figures arc to considered in the aspect of authentic portraits. The Congressional Library is unquestionably one of the chief attractions of the Capitol. The principal room, of which there are three, faces the W., and is a large and hand- some affair, 92 feet long, 34 wide, and 36 high; divided into twelve alcoves, ornamented with fluted pilasters, and in every direction are displayed portraits and hw^U, casea of medals, and other works of art. The number of volumes which it contains is aliout 50,000. The original library, which was collected under the direction of Mr. Gallatin and Mr. Mitchell, in ISOO, waa destroyed by tire during the last war, and that which now enriches the Capitol, was fijunded upon one which was purchased by Congress, in 1S14, of Thomas Jeff.Tson, for $23,01)0. The yearly average increase is about 1,S00 volumes. The sum of f5,000 is an- nually appropriated by Congress for miscellaneous hooks, and $1,000 for law bonks. In 1S51 the hbrary lost many valuable works from an accidental Are. The apartment for the accommodation of the Supremo Court is an ill-arranged, inconvenient, and badly lighted room, in the basement under the Senate Chamber. It is semicircular in shape, with manifold arches; and on the wall is an emblem of -Tuslice, holding her scales, in bold relief, and also a figure of Fame crowned with the rising sun, and pointing to the Conslitulion of the United States. The members of the bar are accommodated with seals and desks in the body of the room ; and the justices occupy a row of elevated seats, and appear in their «^tfl5cial capacity clothed in black silk gowns or robes. In addition to the apartments of the Capitol already spe- cified, it should be mentioned, that there is also a large number of ordinary, but well-furnished ronms, which are occupied by the Vice-President, the Speaker of the House, and other officers, by the Postmasters of Congress, the Pub- lie Documents, and the comrfiittees of the two houses. The Capitol grounds are not only extensive, but are kept in the very neatest order, constituting one t)f the pleasantest and most popular resorts for promenading to be found in the metri>poli3. They command most eh,irming prospects of the surrounding country, are adorned with a great variety of American trees, fountains and basins of pure water en- liven them in various parts, and an air of superior refine- ment is given to thera by a number of pieces of stPtuary, the most attractive specimens being a statue of Washington, by Greenough, and a pair, of Columbus ami an Indian Woman, by Persico, the former occupying the centre of a square east of the Capitol, and the two others appropriate places on the eastern portico. Near the western entrance of the Capitol stands a monu- ment erected by the officers of the navy to the nvmory of their brother officers who fell in the war wilh Tripoli. It ia of marble, rises out of a poo! or basin of waln U for carriages to drive under and place company under shelter ; the middle space is for those vis.u.rs who come on fool-the steps from both leading to a broad plalforn. in front of the door of entrance. The ear- den front is varied by having a ntsticaled basement sfory ander the Ionic ordonnance, and by a semi-circular pr* eclmg colonnade of six colunms, will, two flight, of steps leadmg from the groun.i to the level of the principal story The .ntenor arrangements of the Executive Mansion are of course, elegant and convenient, well adapted to the va- rious purposes to which the building was designed the"prld™','' "/, "'"' ™"" '"'•'" ^mediately in front of the President's House, stands a bron.e statue of Thomas o the government by Capl. Levy of the United Stales Navy the present propri^jlor of Monticello, the former abode of Mr. .Jefferson. It is a handsome piece of slaluary, and in ds present position has quite a commanding appearance Directly across Pennsylvania Avenue from tK> above n'n: tioned square, is Lafayette Square, which has recently been wv;"„f "'"""' "J"''"-'' planted with new shrub- bery. Mdls equestrian statue of General .Tackson, which occupies us centre, is a work of superior merit. It is in brome, and cast from certain cannon captured by General Jackson m some of his military engagements The Slate Department, which stands north-east of the Presidenls House and within the same inclosurc, is a plain 82 ™.ms It contains a handsome library of books, maps, and charts, numbering perhaps some 15,000 distinct work, which are indispensable in the performance of the exten 8.ve and varied duties of the department. In addition to thi collectinn, the Copyright Bureau contains some 10 or 12 100 volumes published in this country, which are kept with care as part and parcel of the archives of the govern- ment It IS Ihe department through which alone the dipir,. mane corps and all foreigners can hold any inlercoirse with the government of the United Slates, and is of course the head-quarters of all Ihe American ministers and consuls. itvonjT"?' ''"'"'™' ''■■""J*"'""' "-astern extrem- ity o the President's Square, so called, and is a stone edifice painted while, 340 feet long, and 170 wide, but when the northern and southern wings are added, it will be m feet n length. In front is an imposing colonnade, stretching the entire length of the building. It has three floors up f which business is transacted, on each of which are neariy fifty apartmenu. This is the department where all t e financial and commercial affairs of the country are atu-nded T. Si ^^^ '""■"'^ '' "'""''""^ '" 'Ws department, col t To ^JP''"" ™' building occupies the north-west conier of the President's Square, and is precisely similar in design to the State Department. It is Ihe head-quarters of all the officers of the army, and the mainspring of all the mdilary movements. This department comprises the War Office proper, the QuarU-nnaslcr's Department, the En- gineer's Department, Bureau of Topographical Engineers Ordnance Office, Subsistence Department, Pay Depart- ment, Medical Department, Office of Ailjulant-general, and the head-quarters of the Major-generai or nulitary Com- mander-in-chief of the Army. The War Department is furnished wilh a valuable library of some 10,000 volumes. The Navy Department building lies directly west of the President's House, and in the rear of the War Department- It has live bureaus, exclusive of the Secretary's office viz • Bureau of the Navy Yards and Docks, Bureau of Construe Uon, Equipment, and Eepair; Bureau of Provisions and Clothing, Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography, and Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 906 WAS thJmo^t'l'vT"'™' "'""■ '"''""'' " ""'"<^ Department, » he most exb-nsive connected wilh the governmenl The building Which it is destined to occupy is yet unfl" sh d, bu! w he, compleled, ,1 wUI be the most extensive and mo.s in p.or, making 81 m all. It occupies a central position in the cilv, near the Department of the Inlerior, both of which are about half a mile from the President's Square and the other depart- ments. '^ With regard to the Office of the Attorney-general, which we have classed wilh the Executive branches of ihe govern- ment, we have only to say that it derives ils chief atlraclion from the person who may occupy it, who must be, of neces- sity, a man of distinguished ability. Booms are assigned to him in the Treasury building, and it is to him that all knot- ty questions, in all the departments, are submitti-d for final selllemenL The National Observatory is silualed on Ihe banks of the Potomac, in an oblique direction from the President's House, toward Georgetown. The site is a beautiful one, having a commanding view of Washington and George- town, of the Potomac river, and surrounding country as far down as Fort Washington, opposite to Mount Vernon. It IS a naval institution, under the control and management of Lieutenant M. F. Maury, U. S. N. The force employed at It consists principally of naval officers. Besides the as- tronomical duties of the eslablishmeiM. here are kept aU the nautical books, charts, and instruments belonging to the navy. The apartment in which the chronometers are kept IS a very interesting one. Before one of these instruments is purchased by government, it is required to be put on trial by the Superinlenilent of the Observatory for one year; during which period it is compared daily with the great astronomi- cal clock of the Ob.servalory, which regulates the time for the whole city. The temperature of the room in which it is kept IS also carefully observed, and recorded every day The tesi is a severe one, and in case the instrument fails to come up to it, it is returned to the maker at the end of the year. The observations on the temperature in eonnec- lion with the performance of the chronometer, enable the maker to improve the instrumcnl, and on a second trial of another year it rarely fails to p.iss, There are from 60 to 100 chronometers always in this room, all of which are daily wound, and compared and treated in the manner de- scribed. Thus a complete and minute history is kept of each one. Here also are conducted the celebrated re- searches connected with the "wind and current charts" WAS the habits of Ihe whnle, ami a variety of phenomena con- nected with the sreat ilecp. The National Observatory of Washington occnpies a high rank among the observatories of the world, there being but two— those of Russia and Greenwich-superior to it. The largest telescope, called the equatorial, is a 14 feel refractor, with an object-glass of 9 inches. It is mounted in the revolving dome on the top of the main building: ami is so arranged with clock -work and machinery, that being directed to a star in the morning, it may be left alone, when on returning to it in the evening, it will have followed the path of the star so exactly, that it will be found still pointing to the star, and the star will be visible through it. With its powers the stars are visible at mid-day. In one room below are the meridian an.i mural circles ; in another, the transit instrument: in another, the prime vertical instrument : and In another yet, the great refraction circle, invented by the superintendent: it is made by Ertel .& Son, Munich, and taken alt..gether is, perhaps, one of the finest instruments anywhere to be found. But perhaps the most wonderful object at this interesting estab- lishment is the electro-chronograph, invented by Dr. Locke, of Cincinnati. It is in the room with the transit inslrument. and is so arranged, by its connection with an electrical bat- tery in the buihling, that its ticks may be heard in any part of the country to which the magnetic wires lead, provided they be put in connection with it. Thus it may be made of itself to record the time, and in such a manner, that the as- tronomer in Boston, New Orleans, or elsewhere, will know it, and tell the time of day by his clock, as well as one who stands before it and reads the hands on its face. The Ob- servatory regulates the time for 'Washington and George- town by the falling of a ball. At ten minutes before mean noon every day. a large black ball is hoisted to a flag staff, standing on the lop of the dome. This is to give warning for those who wish to get the emct time of the day to look out. Precisely at twelve the ball drops. The whole city is informed of the exact time. ■ The Arsenal occupies a Bne position on the extreme southern point of the city (called Greenlears Point), at the junction of the eastern branch with the Potomac, com- manding a beautiful and extensive view, over a broad ex- panse of wau-r, toward the cities of Washington and Georgetown on the N., and Alexandria on the S. The channels of both rivers ranning near the Arsenal shore, afford all requisite facilities for receiving and shipping ord- nance and other military stores. Although this site was originally reserved for the purpose of an arsenal, it was not occupied by any building of importance until after the peace of 1S14, when the building of the present establish- ment was commenced under the direction of the late Col. George Bomford. Vrom the small square embraced in the first plan, the buildings have been gradually extended until they occupv nearly the whole reservation, and form one of the principal arsenals of construction in the United States. The workshops contain muchusefid and ingenious machin- ery, propelled by steam, for manufacturing gun-carriages and equipments for artillery, and for preparing ammunition of all kinds. Among these may be noticed particularly the machines for planing and boring iron and wood, those for tenoning and morticing the spokes and hubs of wheels ; Blanchard's ingenious lathe for turning irregular forms in wood, such as spokes, axe-handles, etc. ; the machinery for making leaden bullets by pressing them out of the bar-lead instead of casting them ; and, above all, the beautiful ma- chine for making and eh.arging percussion caps for small arms, invented by Mr. George Wright, a workman at the Arsenal. By this last-mentioned machine, a sheet of cop- per being inserted on one side, and some percussion pow- der put in a hopper on the other, the finished caps are pro- duced without any further agency of the workman. In the spacious storehouses of the Arsenal are to be seen arms and equipments for the troops ; also a large number of gun-car- riages, and other apparatus for the service of the artillery in WAS the forts and in the field, from the ponderous Colnmbiad for the defense of the coast, to the little mountain howitzer, which may be transported, with its miniature smith's forge, on the back of a mule. The model ofBce contains a collec- tion of models or patterns of the various arms and military equipments used in our seri-ice, and also of such of those used in the armies of other nations as have been obtained by the ordnance department. Here may also be seen some specimens of "Id and new inventirms, repeating arms, re- volvers, etc., which have been suggested at home or abroad by the organ of destructiveness. In the gun lot are ar- ranged many pieces of ordnance and piles of balls, mostly of heavy calibre for the armament of the forts. In front of the old Arsenal Square a small collection of foreign brass can- non will attract the notice of the visitor, who will perceive by the inscriptions that some of them are trophies of the success of our arms at Saratoga, Torktown, Niagara, and Vera Cruz. The guns ami cannons of Duncan's Acid-bat- tery, which performed distinguished services on nearly every field of battle in the Mexican War. are likewise pre- served at the Arsenal as a saluting battery. On the W. side of the Arsenal grounds, near the river, are 2 pyramidal structures, which often attract the curiosity of visitors, and of persons passing by the Arsenal. These buildings con- tain an apparatus called a Ballistic Pen.lulum. which is used for testing the force of gunpowder when fired in heavy ordnance, and also for trying many other interesting experi- ments in gunnery. The Navy Yard is situated on the " Anacostia," a branch of the Potomac r., at the southern termination of Eighth Street, east. It was established in the year ISOO. The area covers about 20 acres, and is inclosed by a substantial brick waU, having a principal entrance at the f.mt of Eighth Street, through a handsome arched gateway. Several com- fortable residences have been erected for the accommoda- tion of the commodore, the executive officers, the first lieu- tenant, surgeon, sailing-master, boatswain, and gunner, WDose'ofHcral duties require their constant attendance in the yard. The mechanical operations of this establishment are various and extensive, and the skill of the workmen and the excellence of the materials employed have been satis- factorily tested in every sea. Anchors of all sizes, for the naval service, are manufactured by the use of two heavy steam hammers (termed the " Nasmyth Hammer"), one of which weighs 8,000 pounds, the other 2,240 pounds. The forces for this work are kept in blast by a fan-blower at- tached to the steam-engine in the machinist's department. There is also in operation, in the anchor department, adirecl action steam-hammer (called the "Kirk Hammer"), in con- neclion with a blast-furnace for working up into looms and bars all the scrap iron of the navy. The massive chain- cables are made in another shop, which is provided with a powerful livdrostatic press for testing their strength. These cables are'highly esteemed for their superior finish, great strength, and durability. Another department is engaged in the manufacture of galleys, cabooses, and copper powder- tanks and of the various kinds of brass work appertaming to ships of war. The different machines employed in roak- in» these articles are driven by a steam-engine of about 15 ho'rse-pow.r. A brass f mmlry is connected with this range of buildings on the eastern side of the yard. A large and extensive "iron foundry has recmtly been erected of sufB- cient capacity and with the necessary facilities for molding and casting the heaviest work. Connected with this foun- dry are the machines for boring, turning, and planing the steam cylindere and other mas.sive machinery required for the naval service. Adjoining the iron foundry are the ord- nance and boiler-making d.'partmenls, which are provided with a steam-engine of about 12 horse-power. 1'he ord- nance department is engaged in the fabrication of light brass ordnance, howitzers for boat and land service, of shot and shells, percussion-caps, musket and pistol balls, etc. 1 Some of this machinery U very ingenious and highly inte> WAS WAS esling. The boiler shop contains all the machinery neces- sary for the construction of boilers. Close by this range of buildings is a very extensive machine-shop, in which are placed all the tools required in the manufaclure of steam- engines and machinery of every description. When com- pleted it will affortl room ft»r the employment of from 150 to 200 workmen. Attached to this shop is an engine of 60 horse-power, which also gives motion to the block-making machinery, and to the fan-blowers of the anchor-making departmenL On the wes-tern side of the yar-, L and p. v., Litchfield county. Conn. : S2 m. W bt S Hartfo'rd. Surface elevated. Drained by Shepaug ^:er on which the v. is situate. It contains 3 church s and a fl^to" of satinets. The t. also contains several m>Us, and quarries of limestone and marble^ Pop. of t 1,80.. Wasbikgton, p. v., and cap. W.Ikes county, Ga. . 52 m. sTby N Miledge;ille. It contains a brick court-honae and aU, 1 bank, an' academy, 3 ehurches, Masomc ha 1, el. The "Washington Gazette" is issued weekly^ The con^ slruction of a branch P.. E. from the Georgia K. P.. to th« place is contemplated. Pop. about S50. .,„„,„„,. •^ Wasbinoton, p. o., Tazewell co., ffi. ; on E. side of Hoi- land's Grove, 62 m. N. by E. Springfield. Wasblsotos, p. v., and cap. Davuss c ., [«"•■*"'• ^ of W fork of White r., 90 m. S. W. by S. Iii'l'^'n^PO'"- " coolins g.«d county buddings and 5 churche.. It was laid out in 1317. The •' Literary Journal" is here published. Pop. 2.678. , „ Wasiiingtos, p. v., and cap. Washington countj, la. : E side of Adams creek, 25 m. S. by W. Iowa City. It is ■"■ell situated on a fine prairie, contains the county buildings, etc., and is a thriving v. The Dubuque and Keokuk K. 1.. will pass through the place. Pop. 742. Wasbkgtok, p. v., and cap. Masoti county, Ky. : CO m. E N E. Frankfort. It contains the county buildings, 4 ehiu-ches, an academy, etc. The Lexington and MaysviUe R. P.. passes through it. Pop. about 650. WAsnisGTOK. p. v., St. Landry par., La. : on E. bank of Vennillion r., 5'2i m. W. by N. Baton Kouge. It is at the head of steamboat navigation, contains several stores, tt Catholic church, elc. Pop. about 250. WAsnmCTOs, I. and p. v., Lincoln county. Me. : li miles E S E Aumjsla. Drained by branches of Muscongus r., one of which rises in a large pond in the centre of the t N. of the T. Pop. of 1. 1,766. ,r , ,T ™ Wasuikotos, t. and p. v., Warren Co., S. Ji>r.. 37 m. N by W Trenton. Drained by the Museonetong r., -which bounds it on the S. E., and Pohatcong creek. Population oft. 1,667. . „ \ Wasiunctok, t., p. v., and sta., Berkshire county. Mam. . 104 miles W. Boston. Surface very diversified ; soil best adapted to grazing. The Western E. E. passes through the v., 13 m. from PilUifield, 40 m. from Springfield, 133 m. from Boston. Pop. of t. 953. ,,. i ta „, -p Wasuington, t. and p. a, Macomb CO., Mich.. 76 m. E. Lansin^ This Is one of the most fertile and best cullivated agricutoal townships in the co. Drained by branches of ainton r. In its N. E. comer is the thriving v. of Eomeo. '' wI'b^nI'^k, p. o., Adams CO., M!...: B m E, Natchez^ S'^> m S W. by W. Jackson. Lat. 31° 36' N. ; long. 91° 20- W. It contains 2 academies, 2 churches, stores, etc. Fop about 400. ,, - , . ., Wasoinotos, p. v., Franklin connty. Mo. : on S. bank of Missouri r., 63 m. E. Jefferson City. WAsmxGTON, t. and p. v., Sullivan Co., N. JTa,,,p. : 27 m^ W by S Concord. Drained by Ashuelot and Contoocook rivers, which rise from large ponds, of which the town con- tains sixteen, abounding with fish, and sunrounded by beau- liful scenery. Surface hilly ; soil moist and deep. Pop. of '■ Wasbtngtox, t and p. o.. Duchess Co., A^ K; 60 m. S. Albany. Surface r..lling and hilly. Drained by smaU creeks. Contains several cotton factories, tanneries, with flouring, grist, and saw mills. Pop. 2,805. WasbiSgtoh. p. v., port of entry, and cap. Beaufort co., V Car ■ on N. side of Tar r, at its entrance mto Pamlico r ' 91 m' E bv S. Raleigh. It contains the eourl-house. jad, 3 churches, and 5 banks, cap. $300,000. The " North Slate ■ttTii^" is tesued weekly. Vessels drawing 9 feet waler can come to lis whar^-es. The tottd tonnage of Washington dis- trict on June 30th, 1850, -was 6,T03 tons, chiefly employed in the coasting trade. Pop. of v. about 1 ,S00. WAsmNGTON-, p. v., and cap. Fayette co, Ono: 81 m. S >; W Columbus. It contains the eonnly buddings, etc, ^nd'a branch of Ihe State hank of Ohio, and is on Ihe hne of the Cincinnati, Wilmington, and Zanesville «• E- Jhe °. Fayette New Era" (whig) is here published. P-.p. 509. Wabhingtok, I. and p. v., Guemsc-y county, Ohw: ,9 m. E.^rrColu;bas. Pop. of V. 767; pop. of t. Including " W «m" TON, p. b., and cap. "Washington county, /•.»«.; 170 miles W. Harrisburg. It contains the court-house and jail, a female academy, and 5 churches. Washington Col- Le here located, was chartered in 1806; m 1^.50 it had 9 in:i,;tctors,137 student 441 alumni, and 3,800 volumes m its libraries. The b. also contains a woolen factory, with Various manufacturing eslablishmen.,. nivl 1 '-t^, capital $P20,000. Three newspapers are published, J^ie Com- WAS WAT monwealth"(wlitg), "W. Reporter" (whig), and ""W. Ex- aminer" (tleni.) The Ilempfleld R. R. passes through this place. Pop. in 1S40, 2,062 ; io 1S50, 2,662. Washi>-(;ton, p. v., and cap. Kliua co., Tenn, : on W. side Tennessee r., los in. E. S. E. Nashville. It contains the co. buildings, several stores, etc Pop. about 160. Washlngtos, p. v., and one of the caps. Washington co., Tex.: on "W". bank oP Brazos river, opposite the mouth of Kavasoto r., 94 m. E. Austin City. The "Lone Star," semi- weekly, and '"Texas Ranger," weekly, are published at this place. It is beautifully situated on high pust-oak land ; and the surrounding countrj', being diversified by numerous hills, presents delightful scenery. It contains a court-house and jail, stores, etc. Wasuingion, t and p. v.. Orange county, Yemi.: 19 ra. S. E. by S. Muntpelier. Soil fertile ; drained by several small creeks. The inhal)ilants are chiefly engaged in farm- ing, etc. The v. is neatly built. Pop. of t. 1,34S. "WAsiiiNaToN, p. v., and cap. Rappahannock co., Virg. : 87 m. N. N. W, Richmond. It contains the co. buildings, several stores, an academy, and church. Pop. about 400. WASniNGToN lake, Tolo county, Calif. : 52 m. N. N. E. Yallejt), 8 m. long, and IJ m. wide. Washington College, p. o., Washington county, Tenn. : 231 miles E. Nasliville. Washington College, here located, was founded in 1795 ; in 1350 it had 3 professors, 116 alumni, 22 students, and 1,800 volumes in its libraries. Washington Hollow, p. a, Duchess co., y. Y. : 62 ni. S. Albany. Washington Mills, p. o., Oneida county, JT. 1". ; 80 m. W.N. W.Albany. WAsniNGTONViLLE, p. V. and sta., Baltimore co., Md. : on Baltimore and Susquehanna ll. R., 6 m. N, Baltimore. Washingtonville, v. and sta., Orange co., X. Y, : on Newburg Branch R. R., 12 m. Newburg, 7 m. Chester. Washingtonville, p. v., Columbiana co., Ohio ; 128 m. N. v.. by E. Columbus. Washingtonville, p. v., Montour co., Penn.: 54 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. Washita county, Ark. Situate S., and contains 815 sq. m. Drained by Washita r. and its branches. Surfaco gen- erally even ; soil fertile, and adapted to cotton. Timber is fbund in some quantity. Farms 697; manuf. 1; dwedl. 1,122, and pop.— wh. 6,235, fr. coL 0, si. 8,304— total 9,591. CapiUd: Camden. Washita parish. La. Situate N., and contains 752 sq. m. Drained by Washitar. and its branches. Surface diversified ; much of the land is covered with pine timber, and a portion ofit is rendered unfit for cultivation on account of its low situ- ation ; soil, where fit f.>r tdlage, is productive. Staples, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 242; manuf. 4, dwell. 442, and pop. —wh. 2,293, fr. col. 7, si. 2,703— total 5,008. Capitnl : Monroe. Washita, p. o., Grayson county, Tex.: 237 m. N. by E. Austin City. Washtenaw county, 3fich. ' Situate S. E. of the South- ern Peninsula, and contains 720 sq. m. Drained by the Huron, Saline, Macon, and Raisin rivers, and Mill, Honey, Mullet's and Paint creeks. Surface slightly undulating, and diversified with numerous lakes ; soil very productive, being a rich black loam with clay intermixed. There is some prairie land and some good timber in the co. Fine water- power is suppUed by the branches of Huron and Raisin rivers. The principal productions are wheat, Indian corn, and potatoes. Agriculture is the leading pursuit. Farms 2,543; manuf. 154; dwell. 5,142, and pop.— wh, 28.343, fr. col. 224— total 28,567. Cajritul : Ann Arbor. Public Woik:s: Michigan Central R. R. Wassaic. p. o. and sta., Duchess co., AT. Y. : on the Har- lem R. R., 85 m. from New York, 69 m. from Albany. Wassawa lake. Wise. : in S. W. part of La Pointe co,, 7 m. long, and 4 m. wide, connecting by short outlet with St. Croix river. Wassonville, p. 0., Washington co., Vtrg. 910 Watab, p. v., Benton co., Jlinn. Ter.: on E. bank of Mississippi r., opposite the mouth of Watab r., 72 m. N. W. St. Paul ; by the river 82 miles. It was laid out in 1S50 by Messrs. Oilman, Vincent, and Co. This wiw the highest point attained by the volunteers in the Winnebago cam paign of 1850. Wataeeb river, S. Car.: rises in N. Car., but in that State is called the Catawba. In S. Car. it flows through the N. central portion of the State, in general course S. by E., and near the centre of the State it unites with Congaree r., forming Santee river. Watauga county, N. Car. Situate N. W., and contains 548 sq. ra. Drained by Stony fork of Yadkin r., and afflu- ents of New river. Surface mountainous, having the Blue Ridge passing through it; soil in the valleys and most of the level portions is fertile, and adapted to grain. It is well wooded. Farms 442 ; manuf. 1 ; dwell. 509, and pop.— wh. 8,242, fr. col. 29, si. 129— V)tal 3,400. Capital : Boone. Watauga Bend, p. o., Washington co., Tenn. : 242 m, E. by N. Nashville. Watensaw, p. 0., Monroe co., Ark, : 60 m. E. Little Bock. Wateeboro', t. and p. v., York co.. Me. : 72 m. S. W. Augusta. Surface diversifled ; drained by head branches of Mousum r., and by Little Ossipee r. The inhabitants are mainly engaged in farming, etc. The York and Cumber- land R. R. will pass through S. E. part of the town. Pop. of t. 1,989. Watekboro' Centee, p. 0., York co.. Me. : 71 m. S. W. Augusta. Watebbueg, p. o., Tompkins co., 2^. Y. : 148 m. W. by 8. Albany. Waterbuet, t, p. b., and sta.. New Haven co., Conn.: on both sides of Naugatuck r., 19 m. N. N.W. New Haven, 25 m. S.W. Hartford. The Naugatuck It. R. passes through the V. 32 m. from Bridgeport 30 m. from Winsted. The t. has generally a rough surface. The Naugatuck r. and its branches afford great water-power, well improved by nu- merous factories. Of these, the principal are — that of the " American Pin Company," which (with another at Pough- keepsie, are the only ones of the kind in the Union) has a capital of $100,000, employing 150 operatives ; three fac- tories of gilt and plated buttons, silver ware, etc. ; India- rubber webbing factories ; rolling mills of brass and copper, making articles of all sorts, and tlie woolen factories. The manufacturing interests of this place have for several years been steadily and rapidly increasing. During 1851 and '52, 21 manufacturing establishments were organized with an aggregate capital of over $1,000,000. The capitalists thus interested, and the citizens generally, are among the most enterprising in the State. The I), is generally well built, with many elegant dwellings. It contains a bank, with a capital of $510,000, two flrst-class hotels, a good high-school, with fine building, and 6 churches, of which the Episcopal Society has a superior church edifice. The " Waterbury American" (fam.) is issued weekly. Pop. of t. in 1840, 8,6G8 ; in 1S50, 5,137. Waterbory, p. V. and sta., Washington co., Venn. .• 12 m. N. W. Montpelier. Drained by Waterbury river and other branches of Onion r., which bounds it on the S. W. The v. near Onion r. is neatly built, and contains 2 chnrcheg. The Vermont Central R. E. passes through it S3 m. from Wind- sor, 69 m. from Rouse's Point. The "Industrial Excelsior'* (advertising) is issued weekly. Pop. of t. 2,852. Wateeford, t., p. v., and sta., New London co., Co7in. : 89 m. S. E. Hartford. Bounded S. by Long Island Sound, and E. by Thames r. Surface uneven ; soil gravelly loam. Drained by J<)rdan and Niantic rivers, the latter flowing into Niantic bay, which sets up from the sound 4 miles — !s navigable for sloojjs, and is quite a resort for fisbermeD. The village, situate centrally 5 m. W. New Loniion. is neat- ly built. The sta. is on the New Haven and New London E. R., 4 m. S. W. New Lombm. Pop. of t. 2.262. Wateeford, t and p. v., Oxford co., Me. : 49 m.Wi by S. WAT WAT Augusta. The u contains numerous large ponds, with level surface and fertile soil. Crooked river flows through its N. and N. E. parL Pop. of L 1,448. AVatekfokd, p. v.. Racine co., TFi.sc. ; on E. side Fox r., 65 ra. E. S. E. Madison. ■\Vatep.ford. L and p. o., Oakland county, Jfich. : 60 m. E. by S. Lansing. It contains a large number of pontls, which with their tributaries and outlets water it abundant- ly; aisoi large flouring-mills. Pop. 1,(IS5. Waiekfoud, p. v.. Marshall co.. Mif^s.: on small branch of Tallahalcliie r., 165 ni. N. by E. Jackson. Waterford, p. o., Fulton county, lU.: on E. side Si)00u river, 44 ni. N. W. by N. Springfield. Waterford, p. 0., Spencer county, Ay. ; 29 m. S. W. Frankfort ■W'atekfurd, I., p. v.. and sta,, Saratoga co., 2^. Y. : 10 m. N. Albany. Bounded E. by Hudson r., and W.by Moliawk river, which unite at S. end of the I Surface rolling; soil alluvia! and sandy. The v. is on W. bank of Hudson r., at the head of sltK>p navigation. The Champlain Canal passes through it, and communicates with the Hudson by locks. The Rensselaer and Saratoga R. R. also passes through, 4 miles fri>m Troy, 2S m. from Saratoga. The trade carried on by these annually is very extensive. The nianufacturea of the V. are also of large amount and importance. Here are 5 churches, 2 academies, an inliabitanls. The Sunbury and Erie R. E. will pass through it. Pop. of t. about 1,300. AVaterforp. sta., Providence co., 7!. I.: on Blackstone river, and Providence and "Worcester R. R., 18 m. from Provid' nee, 25 m. from Worcester. Watekforo, p. v., Gibson co., Tenn.r on branch Obion river, 110 ra. W. by S. Nashville. Waterf-ird, Land p. v., Caledonia co., nvm. .■ 31 ra. E. by N. Montpelier. Bounded S. by Connecticut r. The Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers R. R. passes through the W. corner of the t., having a station at Passumpsic, 4 m. from St. Johnsbury, 57 ni. from White River Junction. Pop. of 1. 1,412. Waterfori>, p. v., Loudon co,, Virg. : on S. side of Kit- toctan cr., 116 m. N. Itichmond. It contains 2 churches, several mills and stores. In the vicinity are cotton facto- ries. Pop. about 500. Wateeford Centre, p. o., Oakland co., Mich.: 61 ra. E. by S. Lansing. Watf.rford Works, p. o., Camden county, JV". Jer. ,■ 34 m. S. by W. Trenttm. Waterloo, p. v., Lauderdale co., Ala,: on N. bank of Tennessee r., 2'}0 ni. N. E. by N. Montgomery. Waterloo, p. v., and cap. Monroe co.. lU. : 114 m. S. by W. Springfield. Situated on elevated ground, containing the county buildings, churches, etc. The "Waterloo Patriot" (whig) is issued weekly. Waterloo, t. and p. v., Fayette co., fjid. : on E. side of Whilew:il(.T river, 52 m. E. by S. Indianapolis. Pop. of t. about 1.000. Watekloo, P.O., Pulaski county, Xi/.: 68 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. Wateiiloo, sta., Merrimac co., ^1 I/amp. : on Mcrrimac and Connecticut Rivers E. R., 17 m. from Concord, S m. from Bradfi-rd. WAinr.i.oo. p. o., Sussex co., A\ Jer. : on N. aide Musco- netecong r., 46 m. N. Trenton. Waterloo, p. v., Point Coupee par., la. : near the outlet of Fausse r.. on W. side of Mississippi r.. 20 m. N.W. b.rN. Baton Rouge. It is a verj- beautiful settlement, surrounded by fine plantations. Pop. about 150. Waterloo, t. and p. o., Jackson county, Mich.: 29 m. S. E. by S. Lansing. Drained by Portage cr. of Grand r, flowing through several large ponds. It contains two large flouring-mills. Pop. 1,090. Waterloo, p. v., and cap. Clark co., Mo.: on N. side Fox r., 131 m. N. by E.Jefferson City. Watekloo, L, p. v.. sta., an, Hartford county, 5 m. E. of the Connecticut r., and IS m. N. E. from Hartford. Maine. — Alfkf.d, York county, 30 m. S. V\'. from Port- land. — Nrw G lol'cestee, Cumberland county, '25 m. N. W. from Portland. CMk'.— Union Village, Warren county, 4 m. W. from Lebanon, and 27 m. N. by E. from Cincinnati : this is the oldest and largest Society in the Western cnuTitry. — Al:-o, Wateuvliet. Montgomery county, 6 m. S. E. from Dayton, — Whitewater. Hamilton county, 22 m. N. W. of Cincin- nati. — NoBTH Union, Cuyahoga county, 7 m. S. E. from Cleveland. AV»^'<'^7/.— Pleasant Hill, or Suakertown. Mercer county, Sm. E. from Harrodsburg: pop. 342. — Soctu Union, Logan county, nearly central between Kussellville and How- ling Green, 14 m. from the latter, and 5i) in. N. of Nash- ville {Tmn.)x pop. in ISoO, 245. .Watervliet, t, and p. o., Berrien county, Mich. : 96 m. W. S. W. Lansing. Wateevuet Centrb, p. 0., Albany co., .V. Y.: 9 m. N. Albany. Wateins, p. o.. Union co., Ohio : 32 ni. N. W. Columbus. Watkinsville, p. T.. and cap. Clark co., Ga.: 56 m. N. by W. Milledgeville. H contains a court-house, jail, an academy, several stores, etc. Pop. 985. Watson, t. and p. c, Lewis co., A^. Y.: 110 m. N. W. Albany. Surface hilly and raountainou*. Pop. 1.13S. Watson's Bridge, p. o., Moore co., K. Car. : 50 m. 9. W. Kaleigh. Watsontown, p. 0., Northumberlaml co,, Pfi/ni.: on E. sirle of Susqu'.-hanna r.. 54 m. N. Harrisburg. WATKBoRn', p. v.. Luu-mburg CO., Virg. : on N. bank of Mehi-rrin r.. 5S m. S. W. Richmond. Wattsbi-kg. p. b., Eric co., Penn. : on French cr., 190m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Pop. about IS). Watt's Mills, p. o., Appanoose co., Iago. and lead. The Delaware and Hudson canal passes through its S. E. part Population in 1540,4,0-14; in 1S50, 6,459. Wawpkoong, p. o., Miami county, Ind. : 52 miles N. Indiansipolis. WAXAnACHiE, p. v., and cap. Ellis county, Tex.: on N. side of Waxahaehie r., 157 m. N. N. E. Austin City. It con- tains the court-house, jail, etc Wat, p. o., Ripley county, Iiid.: 65 m. S. E. by E. Indianapolis. Watland, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., 3fass. : 14 ra. W. Boston. Surface of t pleasantly diversified. Drained by Sudhury river, which forms the principal ^art of its W, boundary. It contains Pelham and Dudley ponds, and part of Long Pond. Pop. oft 1.115. Watlanp, t. and p. o., Allegan co., Midi. : 53 m.W. by 9. Lansinjr. Surface somewhat uneven, and diversifled by several handsome ponds. Pop. 406. Waylanp DepSt, p. o. and sta., Steuben co., iv; K ." on Buffalo, (horning, and New York R. R.,46 m. from Corning, 201 m. W. Albany. Waylandsburg, p. v., Culpepper county, Virg.: 72 m. N. N. W. Richmond. Watland's Springs, p. o., Lawrence county, 7^??. ; 70 m. S. S. W. Nashville. Waymabt, p. v., Wayne county, Penn, : 115 m. N. E. Harrisburg. Pop. about 100. Wayne county, Ga. SIftiate 8. E.. and contains 716 sq. m. Drained by Little Santilla and Turtle rivers, and by Finholloway cr. and other small streams of Alatamaha r.. which forms its N. boundary. Surface low and level ; soil in general fertile, but there are some purtions of marshy gronnd unfit for cultivation— these, when dr;dned. make g(X)d grazing land. Farms 172; manuf. 0; dwell. 182, and pop.— wh. 1,08S, fr. col. 5, si. 406— total 1,499. Capital: Waynesville. Wayne county, III. Situate toward the S. E.. and con- tains 719 sq. m. Little Wabash r. passes through its ea.st- crn section, by which and its branches. Skillett fork and Elm cr.. it is drained. Surface level, or gently umlulaling ; soil fertile, and produces wheat and grain, and tobacco in a small quantity. Pork and beef are exported, ready access being had to other markets by means of the Little Wabash. A large portion of the county is prairie and woodland. Farms 492: manuf. 6; dwell. 1.209, and pop.— wh. 6,822, fr. col. 3— total 6,S25. Capital: Fairfield. Wayne county, /»15, and p,)p._wh. 24.323. fr. col. 9.917— total 25,321). Capital : Cen- Ireville. /'w^^/Viror^-^; Whitewater Canal ; Indiana Central K. R. : Richmond and Newcastle R. R., and the Nat Road. Wayne county, la. Situate S., and contains 5(i8sq. m Drained by branches of Chariton and WeMon rivers, and Muddy cr., all tributaries of Crooked Fork of Grand r. Pur- face level or rolling- soil fertile, and consists of black mold, with sand and clay intermixed, and favorable to the culti- vation of wheat and grain. It has good pasturage, and is well wooded. Farms — ; manuf. — ; dwell. 57, and pop.- wh. 339, fr. col. 1— total :i40. Capital : Cambria. WAY WAY Watne county, A'*/. Situate S. loVaril the E., atid ooti- tains 63T sq. m. Drained by S. forlc of Cumberland r. and its branehes, and Beaver creel\. Surface even ; soil mod- erately fertile: a large portion is well adapted to grazing. Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn ; tobacco and «otton are also grown. It is bounded on the N. by Cum- berland r. Farms 929; manuf. 17; dwell. 1.3r)9. and pop. ivh. 7.SS6, fr. col. 6, si. 830— total S,692. Capital : .Monliccllo. Wayne county, Jlich. Situate S. E. in the Southern Pe- ninsula, and contains about C'JO sq. m. Drained by Huron and Kouge rivers and their branches, which flow into De- troit r. mi the S. E. Surface level ; soil various— a sandy loam, with clay intermixed, prevailing. In most parts it is fertile, and produces abundantly. Good water-power is supplied by the Rouge r. and ila tributaries. Iron ore of good quality, and limestone are found in this comity ; also sulphur springs, the waters of which are used me5; manuf, 214; dwell. 7,0il?.. and pop.— wh. 45.1 35, fr. col. 7'21— total 42,756. CcjiiUil. : Detroit. Public Works : Michigan Central II. R. ; Detroit and Ron- tiac I!. R. : Toledo and Detroit R. R. Wavne county, J/t>-s. Situate E. toward the 8.. and con- tains 7(>4 sq. m. Drained in the E. by Chiekasawba r. and its branches, which extend through the N. portion of the county, and in the W. and S. by branches of Leaf creek. Surface uneven ; soil barren ; along the streams there is some good land which proves pntductive. Staples, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 162; manuf. 0; dwell. 2S1, and pop.— wh. 1,399, fr. col. — , si. 1,.S9I3— total 2,792. Oipital : ■Wincliesler, Public Worts: Mobile and Ohio R. R. "VN'ayne cotmty, Mo, Situate S. E., and contains 946 sq. m. St. Francois r. flows through it centrally, by which and ils branehes, and by Big Black water r. and Castor cr. it is dnained. Surface uneven, and in parts broken. Soil in parts very fertile : on the rivers are some bottom-lands which are very pro-lotal 8,170. Capital : Waynesboro'. Public Works : Nnshvillo and Memphis R. R. Wayne county, Virg. Erected from Cabell in 1842. Sit- uate W., and contains 412 sq. m. Drained by Twenty- pole cr. and branches of Sandy r. Surface broken, anil in parts mountainous; soil in general is indifferent, but there are some tracts of land which are fertile, and adapti'd to the culture of grain. Chief products, wheat and Indian com. Some tobacco is raised. Farms 47S;mannf. 9; dwell. 749, and pop.—wh. 4,564, fr. col. 7, si. I'-g— total 4,760. Capital: Wayne C. H. Public Works : Covington and Ohio R. R. Wayn?:. sta, Du Page Co., Pt. : on Galena and Chicago Union R. R., 83 m. from Chicago. Wayne, I.. Allen co., 1ml. : 103 m. N.N.E. Indian.apolis. Pop. in 1S40, 2,080 ; in 1850, 5.288. Wayne, I. ami p. v., Kennebec county, Mr. : 17 m. \V. Augusta. Androscoggin Poml occupies a large pari of lliia t.. which h.is generally a fertile soil, and pleasantly diversi- fied surface. Pop. of t. 1,367. Wayne, p. v. and sla., Wayne co., MU-h. : on S. brancli of Rouge r., and Michigan Central R. E., IS m. from De- troit, 05 m. E. S. E. Lansing. Wayne, L and p. v., Sleubcn co., K. Y.: 176 m.W. \>y S. Albany. Bounded in part on the E. by Little and Mud hikes, and on the W. by Crooked lake. Surface hilly in N. part ; soil, loam and clay. The v. conlains 2 churches, and about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of 1. 1,347. Wayne, t. and p. o., Erie Co., Penn. : 182 m. N.W. by W. Ilarrisburg. Pop. of t. about 1,000. Wayse Centre, p. o., Du Page county, III: 102 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. Wav.ve CouKT-nocsE, p. v.. and cap. Wayne Co., rirff.: 279 m. W. by N. Richmond. It contains the county build- ings, etc. WAY.VESnOEO', p. v., sta., and cap. Burke co., (,a. : on the Augusla and Waynesboro' R. R.. 30 m. from Augusta. 60 m. E. Milledgevilla It conlains a court-house, jail, 2 churches, an academy, stores, etc. Pop. about 200. WAYNtsBoP.o', p. v., and cap. Wayne co., y. Car. : on N. aide of Neuse river, near the moulli of Little river, 48 m. S. E. by E. Raleigh. It conlains the county buiblings, etc. The North Carolina Central R. R., connecting with the Wilmington and Weldon R. P.. at Gnldsboro', extends W. through this place to Greensboro'. Pop. about 400. WAVNESBOlto', p. b., Franklin co., Pmn.: 48 m. S. W. Ilarrisliurg. It contains 3 churches, an academy, and 1 bank, capital JIOO.OOO. The " Village Record" (neutral) is issued weekly. Pop. about S60. Waynesuoro', p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Tenn. : 75 ni. S. W. Nashville. It contains a court-house, jail, store8,etc., and about 100 inhabitants, 916 WAY WEI "Waynksboro', p. v., Augusta co., Vlrff.: on the line of the Virginia Central E. E.. S6 m. W. N. "W. Richmond. Watnesbukg, p. v., Lincoln co., A'?/.; 81 m. S. by E. Frankfort, WAYNESBrRG, p. V., Staflc CO., Ohio : on Sandy cr. and Sandy and Beaver Canal, 9S m. N. E. by E. Columbus. It contains several stores, manufacturing establishments, etc. A line of railroad from Bayard to New Philadelphia, pars- ing through this place, is contemplated. Pop. about 550. Waynesbueg, p. b., and cap. Greene ca, Penn. : ITU m. "W. by S. Harrisburg. It contains the county buildings, an academy, and 3 churches, several tanneries, stores, etc. The " Wayncsburg Messenger" (dem.), and " Greene Co. Whig" arc issued weekly. Pop. S59. Waynesvillb, p. v., and cap. Wayne co., Ga. : 153 m. ?. E. by S. Milledgeville. It contains the county buildings, an academy, stores, etc. Pop. about 200. Wavnestille, p. v., De Wilt co., J II.: on S. side Kick- apoo cr., 42 m. N. E. Springfield. Waynesttlle, p. v., and cap. Pulaski co., 3fo. : on E. side Robidoux fork of G asconade r., 50 m. S. Jefferson City. It contains the county buildings, etc. Pop. about 200. Waynestille, p. v., and cap. Haywood co., jV. Car. : on branch of Big Pigeon r., 24S m. W. by S. Raleigh. It con- tains a court-house, jail. etc. Pop. about 120. Wavnestille, p, v., Warren co., Ohio: on W. side of Little Miami river, 62 m. S. W. by S. Columbus. Settled chiefly by Friends. The "Miami Visitor" (literary) is here published. Pop. about GOO. Way.xetown, t. and p. v., Montgomery co., Jjid. : 70 m. W. N. W. Indianapolis. Waynmanstille, p., o., Upson co., Ga. : 62 m. W. by S- Milledgeville. Weakley county, Tenn. Situate N. W., and contains 072 sq. m. Drained by numerous tributaries of Obion r., an affluent of the Mississipi)i. Surface level or rolling ; eoit consists of rich black mold, and is in general productive. Wlicat, grain, tobacco, and cotton are raised, and pork is exported considerably. Farms 1.467; mannf. 13; dwell. 1,04S. and pop.— wh. 11,523, fr. col. 15, si. 3,070— total 14.508. Capital: Dresden. Public Warks: Kashville and Missis- sippi R. R. Weare, t and p. v., Hillsboro' co., N, ITamp.: 14 m. S.W.Concord. Surface uneven. Dnini-d by Piscataquis r., which affords water-power. The t. contains numerous grist and saw mills, with several tanneries, cotton and woolen factories, etc. The v. near the centre is pleasantly situated. The Merritnac nud Connecticut Rivers R. R. passes through the V. of East Weare :md North Weare, the former 16 m. the latter 19 m. from Manchester. Pop. of t. 2,436. Wear's Cove, p. o., Sevier co., Temi. : 177 m. E. by S. Nashville. WEATnEKLY, p. 0., Cafbon county, Penn. : 70 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. WEAxnEBSFiELn, t. and p. v., Windsor co.. Verm. : on W. side of Connecticut r.. 63 ni. P. by E. Montpelier. Sur- face uneven ; watered in S. W. part by Black r., which af- fords water-power. Mount Aseutnt.'y lies on its N. border. The L contains several jikasant st'tllements. It has several woolen factories, tanneries, and a variety of mills. Poj). of t. 1,S51. Weatoqtje, sta., Hartford co., Cmin. : on New Haven ;ind Nurlhampton R. R., 40 m. from New Haven, 9 m. N. W. Hartford. Weaveosttlle, p. 0., Northampton co., Penn. : 90 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. Weayeesvuxe, p. o., Fauquier co., Virg. : 87 m. N. by W. Richmond. Weaveestille, p. v.. Trinity county, Calif. : ISS m. N. Yallejo. Webb county, Tex. Situate S. W., and contains about 3,500 sq. m. Drained by small streams of the Rio Grande and Nueces rivers. Surface level or rolling, and is mt-itiy 916 prairie, the undulations and swells giving it the appellation of the rolling prairie ; soil is generally a dark sandy loam, very productive, and yielding very large crops of wheat, grain, cotton, tobacco, sugar, and indigo. Potatoes and other vegetables are also grown. The napal, or prickly pear, abounds. It is extensively wooded. Capital: Laredo. WEBBEit's, sta., Cuumberland co.,Me.: on -Atlantic and SL Lawrence E. E., 18 m. iVom Portland, 89 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. Webber's Peaieie, p. c, Travis co., Tex. : 16 m. E, by S. Austin City. Webb's Ford, p. c, Enlherford co., y. Car. : 190 m, W. by S. Raleigh. Webb's Mills, p. o., Eitchie co^ Virg.: 225 m. N. W. by W. Richmond, Webb's Mills, p. o., Chemung co., N. Y. : 164 m. W. by S. Albany. Webeb county, Utah Ter. Extends from the Bear River mountains to the California boundary, and is about 40 m. wide. The E. portion is drained by Bear and Weber rivers, which empty into the Great Salt lake, one-half of which lies in this county. Farms 83 ; manuf. 2 ; dwell. 227, and pop.— wh. 1,1S6, fr. col. 0— total 1,186. Capital: Browns- ville. Webster, t. and p. v., Lincoln county. Me. : 21 m. S. W. Augusta. Surface of t. is pleasantly diversified by several small ponds. Interests chiefly agricultural. Population of t. 1,110. Webster, t., p. v., and eta., Worcester co., 3fa9S. : 45 m. S. W. by W. Boston. French r. flows on its W. border, and receives the outlet o( a large pond, eaeh of which af- f*)rds great water-power. The v. contains 2 chur^'hes and several very large factories of cotton goods. The Norwich and Worcester E. E. passes through it, 43 m. from Nor- wich and 16 m. from Worcester. Pop. of t in ISIO, l,-403 ; in 1850, 2,371. Webster, t. and p. o,, Washtenaw co., Mich. : 44 m. S. E. Lansing. Soil fertile. Watered by Huron r., several ponds, and Portage lake in its N. W. corner. A part of Dexter v. is in Ibis t^nvn. Pop. 924. Webster, t. and p. o.. Monroe co., N. Y. : 194 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by small streams flowing into Lake On- tario. Soil verj- fertile. Interests entirely agricuUuraL Pop. 2.446. Webster, p. o., Wayne county, Ind. : 60 m. E. by N. Indianapolis. Webster, p. o., Hancock co., III. : on branch of Crooked cr., S4 m. N. W. by W. Springflelil. Webster, p. o., Winston county, Miss.: 97 m. N. E. Jackson. Webster's Mills, p. o., Fulton co., Penn. : 63 m. W. by S- Harrisburg. Weedoia-ee, p. v., Randolph county, Ala.: on S. side of branch of Tallapoosa r., SO ni. N. E. by E. Montgomery. Weed's Port, p. v. antl sta., Cayuga co., A''. V. : on the Erie Canal and Eochester and Syracuse Direct E. E., 149 m. W. by N. Albany. It contains- 2 churches, stores, etc, and about 850 inhabitants. Wehadkeb, p. o., Randolph co., Ala.: S3 m. N. E. by E. Montgomery. Week's Mills, p. o., Kennebec co., Me. Weelaunee, p. 0., Winnebago co., Wiftc. : 75 m. N. N. E. Madieon. Weewokavtlle, p. o., Talladega co., Ala.: C2 m. N Montgomery. Wegatciiie, p. o., St. Lawrence county, X. Y.: 150 m. N. W. by N. Albany. Wkiioga, p. o., Benton co., Ala. : on braucb of Talla- poosa r., 100 m. N. E. by N. Montgomery. Weir's Brhjce, p. o. and sta., Belknap co., 2^. Ramp. : on W. shore of Winnijiiseogce hike, and on the Boston, Concord, and Montreal E. R., 33 m. from Concord. It is (.r niucli summer resort by visitors to the lake, upon which ^VEI WEL a «tianibi)at, starling from this point, plies daily on excur- sion lrip9. ■\Veir's Cavk, n"r(7- ■ this cavern is generally considered onti of the most beanlit'iil in the world, is 16 m. N. E. j»laun- ton, SI m. N. W. by W. rachm«innn. ^VKlSF,n^l•.o,p. v., Baltimore CO., 3fd. : 44 m. N. Annapolis. "WRisi'nKT, p. 0., Carbon co., Penn.: 72 m. N. E. by E. Hnrrlsburg. "Wklaka, p. v.. Oran2:e c»., F?oi: : on the E. bank of St. John's r.. '27 ra. above Pilalka, an.l 23S m. E. S. E. Talla- hassee. This isa new settlement, but is expected to become a place of considerable commerce, since, by ninning steam- ers \ip to this point, the present pole-boat navigaticm to Piliitka. which is frequently dangerous, would be avoided. Very near the v., and near the bank of the r.. are the Welaka Sulphur j^prings, and about 2 m. . ' here connects with Petersburg K. K., 64 m. long., Sea-board and Roanoke R. R. to Portsmouth. 80 m., and Gaston and Weldon R. R. The v. has a good site, and possesses con- siderable trade. The "Weldon Herald" (whig) is issued weekly. Pop. about 600. Welp'r Lan'uing, p. 0., Dubuque co.. Tii.: on S. W. bank of Missis-^ippi r., 72 m. N. E. l>y N. Iowa City, Welbokk, p. v., and cap. Coffee co., Alu. : 81 m. S. S. E. Montgomery. It contains the county buildings. WELLnftRN'''s Mills, p. o.. IIouslcean. The harbor of the V. admits stn.all vessels, of which a ci:insiderable number are employed in the coasting trade. The t. cmiains numerous mills, with several tanniTies. The Portland, Saco, and I'ortsmouth R. R. passes through the t., 28 mites from Port- land, and 23 m. from Portsmouth. Pop. of t. 3,945. Wells, t. and p. o., TIaniilton co., .^V. V. : 69 m. N. N. W. Albany. Suriace diversified. Drained by Sacandaga r. Pop. about 400. Wells,!, and p. v., Rutland co., Venn.: 67m. S. 8. W. Montpelier. Surface of t, diversified, containing Lake Aus- tin, extending nearly through the t from Poultney centrally S.. the outlet of wliich flowing into Pacolet r., affords water- power. The v. is situated on this outlet. Pop, oft. 804. Well's island, Jefferson co., .Vi K .■ is one of the largest of the Thousand Islands, in the SL Lawrence river. It ia attaehed to the t of Clayton, and is of note, from the burn- ing of the steamer Sir Robert Peel in the vicinity, during (he Canadian Rebellion. Wklls river. Vent).: is.nn important mill-stream, flowing from Long P(tnd, in Groton, S. E. to its entrance into the Conneclieut at Wells River village. Wellsboro', p. b., and cap., Tioga co., Pejjti, : 102 m. N. by W. U.irrisburg. Itcontainsa court-house, jail, stores, etc., and an academy. A plank road extends hence to Ti"ga. The "' Wellsboro' Advertiser" (whig) is, here pub- lished. Fop. 620. WLi-LsncRG, p. o., St. Charles co., ^fo.: 78 m. E. by N. Jefferson City. WELLSitrp.G, p. o. au'i sta., Chf-mung co., X. V. : on Erie R. R., 27(; m. from New Yany. WELi.s;niTRfi, p. V. an5 m. N. W. by W. Harrisburg. Wellscot, p. o., Union counly, Gc : 187 m. X. by W. Milledgeville. AVell'8 DepOt, p. o, and sta,. York co., iJ/a. ; on Portland, Saco, and Porlamoulh E. R., 28 m. from Portland, 23 m. from Portsmouth, S3 m. S. S.W. Augusta. Well's Mili.'i, p. o.. Appanoose co., Ia. : on E, side of Chariton r.. 90 m. S. W. Iowa Cily. Well's River, p. v. and sUl, Or-ingo co,, Venn.: on W. side of Connecticut r, at the ni'. ; S4m. S. S.W. Albany. West Brownsville, p. v., Washington eo., 7V;in. ; 175 m. W. Harrishurg. Pop. 47T. Wfjit IJl'ckfield, p. o., Oxford co., Me. : 32 m. W. by S. Augusta. West Ecffalo, p. o., Scott co., la,: on W. side Missis- eipiii r.. 41 ni. E. S. E. Iowa City. West BL■ELI^-GTO^f, p. o., Otsego co., N'. Y.: 74 m. W. Albany. Wi".sT Burlington, p. o., Bradford co., Ptjnn. : 1()2 m. N. Harrishurg. Westhl-ky, p. o., Wayne co., N. Y.: IGf) m. W. by N. AJljaJiy. West Butler, p. o., Wayne co., iV". Y.: 163 m. W. by N. Albany. Wf-st BrsTON, p. o., York county. Me.: 63 m. S. W. Augusta. Wf.'^t Cambridge, t.. p. v.. and sta., Middlesex co., Mam. : 6 m N. W. Boston. Siirtace in S. E. part level, low, and somewhat tnarsiiy; in the middle more elcvatecJ and dry; in N. W. part broken and ro-iky. It contjiinsSpy and Lillle ponds with part of Fresli Pond, which are very beautiful slu'cts of water, abounding with ttsh, and furnishing great quantilies of iee for Boston market and exportation. Soil fertile aiid highly cultivated. ply good water. Surface generally hilly, being broken by numerous ri«lg4-s, running chiefly from S. W. to N. E. ; soil naturally indifferent, hut where cuItivaU;le productions. This coutuy is rieh in miii<-rals. At Sing-Sing marble is found in abund- ance, and iu the vicinity is a copper mine formerly wrought, 919 WES WES butforsome timt- jilKtrnIoiieii. UconLninsC'rottmluki.^ wbicli. by means of an a»nu'auy. West Dediiam. p. v. and sta., Norfolk county, Mass. : on Norfolk County R. R., 12 m. S. W. from Boston, 23i m. from Blackstone. West Deerfield, p. v., Rockingham co.. A' Hamp. : 13 m. S. K. by E. Concord. West Dennis, p. o., Barnstable co., Mass. : 63 m. S. E. Boston. West Derby, p. v., Orleans co., Venn,: 53 ni. N. N. E. Montpelii^r. West Dover, p. v., Windham county, Verm.: 77 m. S. Montpelier. West Dovbr, p. o., Piscataquis co.. Me. : 65 ni. N. E. by N. Augusta. West Deesdex, p. o., Yates co., X. Y. : 176 m.W. Albany. West Dryden, p. v,, Tompkins co., 2^. Y. : 140 m. W. Albany. West Ddblix, p. v., Fulton co., Penn.: 5S m. W. by S. Harrisburg. West Dummeeston, p. v., Windham co.. Verm.: SO m, S. Montpelier. West Dirham, p. o., Cumberland co., Me.: S2 m. S. W. by S. Augusta. West Duxbcey, p. v., Plymouth co., Mass.: 36 m. S. E. Boston. West Edmeston, p. v.. Otsego co., K. Y. : on E. side of Unadilla r., SO m. W. Albany. West Elizabeth, p. v., Alleghany county, Pejjn. ; onW. side Monongahela r,, 155 m. W. Harrisburg. West Elkton, p. o., Preble co., Ohio : 86 m. W. by S. Columbus. West Eli-ery, p. o., Chautauqua co., N. Y. : 297 m. W. by S. Albany. West Ely, \k o., Marion county, Mo. : 85 m. N. N, E. of Jefferson City. West Emden, p. v., Somerset co,, Me. : 44 m. N. by W. Augusta. West End, p. o., Bedford co., Penn.: 84 m. W. by S. of Harrisburg. West Enfield, p. o., Graflou county, X. Ramp.: 39 m. N. W. Concord. West Ekfield, p. o., Penobscot co., Me. : 72 m, N. E. of Augusta. West Enosburg, p. v., Franklin co., Verm. : 54 m. W. by N. Montpelier. Westerloo, t. and p. v., Albany co., K. Y. : 17 m. S, W. Albany. Drained by Provost cr. ami other branches of CalsklU r. The t contains several grist and saw mills, but the inhabitants are generally engaged in farming, etc. Pop. 2,S60. Westebloo island, Albany co., K. Y. : lies in the Hud- son r., in Albany co., opposite Bethlehem, to wliich i. it is attached. It is 2 m. long, i m. wide, and of extraordinary fertility. Wf^tebly, t., p. v., and sta., Washington co., P. I. : 26 m. W. by S. Newport. Bounded S. by the Atlantic and W. by Connecticut. Pawtucket r. flows on its N. and W. border, affording water-power to numerous mills and factories. The t has an uneven surface, and contains several stores, 3 churches, and 3 banks, capital $325,000. It has consider- able coasting trade and shii>-building. The Stonington and Providence R. R. passes throu;jh it, 5 m. from Stoningtonj 45 m. from Providence. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 1,913 ; in 1S50, 2,766. Westerman's Mills, p. o., TJalliinore co., Mia8t furnace, with annual capacity of 1,10(( tons, em- ploying 40 men. West Fairler. t. and p. v.. Orange co., Venn.: 2S m. S. E. MMUtpelier. Surface mountainous. Drained by Iranch'fs of Ompompanoosuc r. Pop. Gi'G. West Falls, p. o., Erie co., Jf. Y. : 264 m. "W. Albany. "West Falmoutd, p. v., Cumberland county, Me. : 4S ra. S. "W. by S. Augusta. West Falmocth, p. v., Barnstable county, Mn^x. : .^3 m. S. 6. E. Boston. West Faemington, p. o., Ontario county, .V". Y. : 169 m. W. by N. Albanv. West Farms, t and p. v., "Westchester co., N. Y. : 126 m. S. A bany. The t is bounded E. by Bronx r. and W. by Harlem r., and contains several pleasant villages on the Harltiu U. R. The v. on Bronx r. contains 4 churches and several factories. Several stoops ply to New York, convey- ing connin' produce to the city markets. Pop. of I, 4,436. Wi:sT Fayette, p. o., Seneca co., N. Y. : 165 m. W. by N. Albany. "Westvielt), p. o., Clark co., lU. : 90 m. E. by S. Springfield. "Wksi FIELD, p. o., Uamilton county, Ind.: IS miles N. Indiana[»oIis. "WcsTFiELD, t,, p. v., and sta., Hampden co., Mower to numerous manufactories. The v. is handsomely situated on a plain, and is neatly built. In the centre is a puiilic ground. lYi'nting which are the principal churches and ho tels. The v. contains a town-house. State normal sclmol, an academy, several churches, and 2 bank.*, capita! t20o.0ii0. Tlie Western R. R. passes through it. 9 m. from Springfield, 64 m. from Worcester, lOS m. from Boston, and 92 nL fmm Albany. The " News-Letter" (whig) and " Standard'' (dcm.) are issued weekly. Pop. of {, in 1S40, 3.526 ; in 1S50, 4,1S6, Westfield, t., p. v., and sta.. Essex co., K. Jer.: 36 m. N. E. by N. Trenton. Surface in S. part level, in N. part hilly. The t. contain? several flouring and grist mills. The New Jersey Cenlrat P. R. passes through, 23 m. from Ntw York, .% m. from Eiislom Pop. 1.575. "WESTFiELn, t., p. v.. and sta., Chautauqne co., N. Y. : S06 m. "W. by S. Albany. Surface hilly, declining toward Lake Erie, whiih bounds Hon the N. Drained by Chanlauque cr. and oUier streams. The v. on fhnutauque cr, \\ ni. fmrn the lake, contains several manufictiiring est;U>lishments and mills, a bank, 4 churches, an academy, etc.. and about 1,01)0 inhabitants. The Huffalo and Slate Line R. R. passes throiigli it. .^7 ni. from Buffalo. The " Weslfleld Messenger" (whig) is bi-rt' published. Pop. of i. 3.100. "Westeielii. l and p. v., Morrow co., Ohio: 31 m. N. Columbus. Draioed by E. branch of Whetstone r. The U5 Cleveland, CoIuml)U8, and Cincinnati R. K. passes through its E. part. Pop. of 1. 1,414. WESTFrELD, t. and p. o., Tioga co., Penn.: on S. sriie t.f Coivanesque cr., 117 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Population of t. 1,000. "Westfield, t. and p. o., Orleans county. Verm. : 41 m. N. by E. Montpelier. Surface diversifled. Drained !>y branches of Missisque r. Pop. 502. "Westfield, p. o., Marquette co., Wise, : 6i) m. N. by !.. Madison. West Finlet, t. and p. v., Washington co., Penn. : sur- face very hilly. Drained by branches of Whifcling cr. The Hemptleld 11. R. will pass through its N. part. Population about 1,200. West Fitcububg, p. v. and sta., Worcester co., Mnsa. : , t., p. v., and sta., Middlesex co.. J/'a.s.s^ ; 23 m. N. W. by W. Boston. Surface elevated. Drained by Stony r., whicli affords water-pbardton's r. and Cogman's cr., which afford niill privileges. Pop. 718. WFitT Haven, p. v. and sta.. New Haven co.. Conn. : on New York and New Haven R. R., 3 ra. S. W. New Haven, and 73 m. from New York. West Haverford, p. o., Delaware co., Penn.: 85 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. 922 West Hawley, p. v., Franklin co., Mass. : 97 m. W. by N. Boston. W EST Hebron, p. o., Washington co., KY.:iQ m. N. N. E. Albany. West Hebron, p. v., M'Henry co.^IU.: 192 m. N. N. E. Springfield. West Henniker, sla., Merrimac co., N. Ilamp. : ou Con- toorook Valley R. R., 16 m. W. by S. Concord. Wf^t Heniuetta, p. o., Monroe county, N. Y.: 209 m. W. by N. Albany. West Hills, p. o., Suffolk co., N. Y.: 133 m. S. by E. Albany, on Palisade blulf, \\ m. from Hoboken. West Hobo^ex, p. v., Hudson co., N. Jer. : ferry SJ m. N. N. W. from City Hall, New York ; 54 m, N. E. Trenton. It has a fine site, and is a rapidly growing village. West Hopkinton, sta., Merrimac co., K. Ilamp. : on Contoocook Valley R. R., 10 m. W. Coqcord. West Hurley, p. o., Ulster co., N. Y. : 75 m. S. by W. Albany. West Jefferson, p. o., Lincoln co., Me. : 16 m. S. E. Augusta. West Jefferson, p. v. and sta,, Madison co., Ohio: on W. bank of Little Darby cr., and on Columbus and Xenia R. R.. 14 m. W. by S. Columbus. Pop. 430. We5t Jersey, p. v., Stark co., 171. : 90 m. N. Springfield. Wf-st Junius, p. o., Seneca co.. A''. Y. : 167 m. W. by N. Albany. West Kendall, p. v., Orleans co., K Y. : 232 m. W. by N. Albany. West Kill, p. v., Greene county, Ji. Y.: 46 ra. S. W. Albany. West Killingly, p. v., Win'Uiam co., Conn. : 42 m. E. Hartfitrd. It contains several factories and stores. The "True Democrat" is hero published. Wf£t Kisderuook, p. v., Tipton county, Iriri. : 81 m. N. by E. Indianapolis. The Peru and Indianapolis K. K. passes 2 m. W. from it. Wf5t La Favktte, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio: 65 m. E. N. E. Columbus. Westland, p. v., Halifax county, Jf. Car. : 73 m. N. E. Raleigh. West Laurens, p. v., Otsego counly, K.Y.: "5 m. W. Albany. West Lebanon, p. v., Warren co., I/id. : 70 m. W. N.W. Indianapolis. West Lebanon, p. o.,York co., Me. : on E. side of Salmon river. 90 m. S.W. by S. Augusta. West Lebanon, p. v. and sta., Grafton co., jV. Unnip. : on E. side of Connecticut r., at moulh of Maseomy r., 51 ra. N.W. by N. Concord. Here terminates the Northern R. R. from Concord, d^ m. long, which here connects with the Vermont Central R. R., and the Connecticut and Passunip- sic Rivers 11. R., which cross the Connecticut to receive passengers. The v. contains extensive car-houses, shops, etc. of the Northern R. R. West Lebanon, p. v., WajTie co., Ohio: 84 m. N. E. Columbus. West Lebanon, p. v., Indiana counly, Penn.: 115 m. W. by N. llarrisburg. West Levant, p. o., Penobscot co.. Me. : 68 m. N. E. Augusta. West Lexington, p. o., Lewis co., Al Y.: 46 ra. S. W. Albany. WestLetden, p. v.,Lewisco.,^. K.- 105 ra. N. W, by W. Albany. West Libekty, p. v., Muscatine county, la. : 12 m. 8. E. Iowa City. WfST Liberty, p. v., and cap. Morgan county, Ky. : on N. side Licking r.. 100 m. E. by S. KrankforL It contains the county buildings and several dwellings. Wr.ST LiBEitTY. p. V. and sta.. Logan co., 0/ito: 42 m. W.N. W.Columbus. Laid out in lSil7, and now conlnins several churches, etc. The " West Liberty Banner" (neut.) WES Is here publisheil. Tlie MaJ Eiver and Lake Erie E. E. passes through il, 111) m. from Sandusky, -i-i m. tram Day- ton, and lis m. from Cincinnati. Pop. about 51)0. Wf^t Liberty, p. v.. Liberty county, TtAJC. : 169 m. E. Austin City. West Libektv, p. v., Ohio co., Vlrg.: 2-12 m. N. W. Kielimcnid. WtjsT Lodi, p. v., Seneca co., Ohio : 8-3 m. N. Columbus. West Lokville, p. v., Lewis Co., -V. 1'. : 126 m. N. W. Albany. West Lcibec, p. o.,Washington co., Me. : 139 m. E. by N. Auiriisla. West Macedox, p. a, Wayne Co., X. I'. ; 190 m.W. by N. Albany. Wkt M.\nciiestee, p. v., Allegliany co., Penn. : 165 m. W. by N. llarrisburg. West Ma)itissbuug, p. v., Lewis county, A'. Y. : 120 m. N. W. by W. Albany. West Memord, p. r. and sla., Middlesex Co., Mass. : on Boston and Lowell K. E., 5 m. N. N. W. Boston. West Medwat, p. v., Norlblk co.. Mass. : 25 m. S.W.byW. Boston. West Meeedith, p. v., Delaware county, N. Y. : 67 m. W. by S. Albany. West Mekiden, p. v., New Haven CO., Gmn. : IS m. 8. S. W. llartlord. West MiuDLEiinr.0, p. v., Logan county, Ohii>: SS m. W. N.W. Columbus. West Middlesex, p. o., Mercer county, Penn. : 190 m. W, N. W. Harrisburg. West Middletown, p. b., W.iahington co., Perm. : ISO m. W. Harrislmrg. Pop. about 300. West .Milan, sta., Coos co., X. IJump.: on the Atlantic and St. Lawrence K. E., 110 m. from Portland; 95 ra. N. Concord. West Milfoed, t and p. o.. Passaic co., N. Jt'r, : CO m. N. N.K. Trentim. The t. contains a large number <»f forges, with several tanneries, grist anil saw mills. Pop. 2,624. Wf^t Milfoed, p. o., Harrison county, Virg.: 200 ro. N. W. by W. Eichmond. West Millbibt, p. v., Worcester county, Mass. : 8S m. W. S. W. Boston. Wr.ST Mill Grove, p. o.. Wood co., Ohio : 89 m. N. N. W. Columbus. West Milto.n, p. v., Sar.atoga co., jV. Y.: 2S m. N. by W. Albany. West Milto.v, p. o., Miami county, Ohio: 72 m. W. Columbus. West Milton, p. v., Chittenden co., Venn.; on S. side of Lamoille r., 36 ni. N. W. .Monl|ielier. West .Mi.sot, p. o., Cumberland co.. Me. : 31 m. S.W. by W. Augusta. Westminster, p. v., Windham co,, Conn. : 34 m. E. by S. Ilartf.rd. Westminster, p. v., and cap. Carroll county. 31(7.: 47 m. N. W. by N. Annapolis. It contains the county huilrlings, several churelies, and 1 bank, cap. JllO.flOO. The " Carroll- Ionian" (whigl, and "Carroll Co. Democrat," are issued weekly. The Weslminster Branch E. E., diverging from the Baltimore and Susquehanna E. E. at the Eelay House. 7 m. N. to Baltimore, is in construction to this place. Poj). in 15511 7S4 wh., and 51 fr. col.— total S:35. Westminster, t., p. v., and sta., Worcester Co.. Mas.'.: 45 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by affluents of Nashua r. The v. contains 3 churches. The sta., on Vermont and Massachusetts U. E., 5 ui. from Fitchburg. is in its N. E. parL Pop. of 1. 1.916. We-siminstee, p. v., Guilford co,, A1 Car. : 70 ni. W. N. W. Ealeigh. We-tminster, p. v., Allen county, Ohio: 72 m. N. W. Columbus. Westminster, p. v., Shelby co., Ohio: 69 ni, W. N. W. Columbus. WES WfflTMlNSTER, t„ p. v., and sta., Windham co., Veriii. : on W. side of Connecticut r., S4 m. S. by E. Montpelicr. The v. is beautifully situated, and neatly built. The Vermont Valley E. E. passes through it, 4 m. from Bellows Falls, 20 m. from Brattleboro'. Pop, of t, 1,721. Westmisstee West, p. v., Wiudliain co.. Verm.: 86 in, S, by E. Mnntpelier. West Moneoe, t. and p. o., Oswego co., X. Y. : 130 m, W, by N. Albany. Bounded S. by Oneida lake. Surface level. Drained by Bog cr. Pop. 1.197. Westmoreland oounly, Penii. Situate towanl the S. W., and contains 9s9 sq. m. Drained by Loyalbanna and Youghi'igheny rivers, and by Sewickly er. and Meavcr Dam run. Surface uneven and in ])arls mountainous; suil very productive. Staples, wheat, Indian corn, and ]»otatoes. Tol>acco is also culti\ate7 ra. N. N. W. Columbus. Drained by Beaver cr. Pop. 54G. WjMioN, p. 0., Steuben county, JV. 1'. ; 168 m, W. by S. Albany. WK-'iTON, t, and p. v., Windsor co.. Verm.: C6 m. 8. Moiilpelier. Drained by West r., which furnishes mill sites. The V. near the centre contains several manufacturing eslab- lishmtnts, and two churches. Pop. of t. 960. Weston, p. v., and cap. Lewis en., Vit'tj. : on W. fr>rk of Monnngahela r., 18S m. N. W. by W. Richmond. It con- laius the county buildings, several stores, etc. Tlie "Weston Sentinel" (dem.) is issued weekly. l*op. about 250, West Oneonta, p. o., Otsego co., ^. J'.; 72 m. W. by S. Albany. West Onondaga, p. v., Onondaga co., JV. 3'; 133 m. W. by N. Albany. Wi:sT Ossii'ER, p. v., Carroll co., JV. /Tamp. : on S. side of Bear C'ainp r., 40 m. N. by E. Concord. West Otis, p. v., Berkshire co.. Mass: 106 m. W. by S. Boston. Wkst pAitsoNeFiKLU, p. v.,York co., Me. : 76 m. 8. W. by W. Augusta. West Penn, t. and p. v., Schuylkill co., Petm. : 60 m. N. E. Ilarrisburg. The t. has a hilly surface, gravelly and sterile soil, aiui abounds in anthracite coal. Pop. about 1,500. Wkst PEaBTSBDBO, p. 0., Cattaraugus co., M y. : 275 m. W. Albany. West Pertr, p. o., Fulton co., 2^. Y: 36 m. N. W. Albany. WiwT Peru, p. c, Oxford county, Me. : 36 m. W. by N. Augusta. Westphalia, p. v., Osage co., 3fo. ; on W. bank Mnuvais cr., a tributary of Osage r., 18 m. 8. E. Jefferson City. West PuiLADELPniA, p. district, Philadelphia co., Penn. : on W. sido of Sebuylkill r., directly opposite the city proper, with wbi(^h it is partly associated in municipal government, but has also a separate local government of commissioners. In its W. part are the extensive buildings of the Pennsyl- vania Hospital for the Insane. Pop. in 1840, 2,896; in 1850. 5.G70. West Pierpont, p. v., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 168 m. N. E. Columbus. West Pike, p. o.. Potter co., Penru: 110 m. N. N. W. llarrisburg. Wi;sT PiTTSFiELP, p. V., Berkshire co., Mass.: 117 m. W. Boston. 924 West Plains, p. v., Oregon CO., Mo. : 127 m. 8. by E. Jefferson City. West Plattsbueg, p. v., Clinton county, K. Y.: 142 ra. N. by E. Albany. West Plymoutii, p, v., Grafton co., N. Gamp. : 87 m. N. by W. Concord. West Point, p. v. and sta., Troup co., Oa.: on E. side of Chaltahoochie r., 119 m. W. by 8. Milledgeville. Tho Lagrange R. R. extends lo this place from Atlanta, 87 m., and connects with Montgomery and West Point R. R., thence to Montgomery, 88 m. These important thorough- fares have made this a place of considerable trade. Pop. about 45J. West Point, p. c, Cass co., Mo.: 120 m. W. Jeflcsrson City. Wist Point, p. v., Tippecanoe co., Ind. : GO m. N. W. Indianapolis, Pop. about 850. West Point, p. o., Lee co,, Ta. : 62 m. 8. Iowa City. West Point, p. v., Hardin co., Ky. : on 8. side of Ohio r., at mouth of 8alt r., 58 m. W. by 9. Frankfort. Population about 2011. WffliT Point, p. v., Lowndes co.. Mm.: 2 m. N. Oka- tibl>ehah r., 135 m. N. E. Jackson. WE.ST Point, p. v., Orange co., K. Y.: on W. ba?ik of Hudson r., 91 m. 8. by W. Albany. Lat. 41° 23' 31.2" N., long. 780 57' 03" W. The U. 6. Mditary Academy, here lo- cated, was established in 1802. Its site, with 250 aeres at- tached, was ceded by New York to the United States In 1826. It occupies an elevated phiin, commanding mnst le- lightfu! views of (he river and vicinity, and is surrouu'ied by high hills. The buildings are numerous, and hnnd- somely built of stnne. The number of cadets is 250. oi' in- structors 85. The course ol instruction, chiefly miliiarv and scientific, is of the highest order, and occupies four years. Upon graduation, the cadets are immediately appointed as ofHcers in the U. 8. army. The average annual :ii)pr)|»ria- tion of Congress for this academy is $160,000. This phice is of great historical interest, from its conneelinn wilh the Revolution. In 1777 it was fortified and occupied by the American army, and during the war was garrisoned by a strong division STpoi!T I'oiXT, p. 0., Bristol comity, Jlmis. ; 59 m. S. Boston. WfST PoTsDA.M, p. v., St. Lawrence co., A'. J'. ; 156 m. \V. by N. Albany. ^V^:sT Poin.TNin', p. v., Rutland co., Vrrm.: 61 m. S. W. by S. Jlontpelier. Here is located the Troy Conference Academy, a flourishing .Methodist institution. West PltiiKlE, Stoddard co., Mo. ; 130 m. S. E. JoflC'raon City. West liANDOLPii, p. V. and sta.. Orange co., Verm. : 25 m. y. Monlpclier. It contains several mills on a branch of While river, a church, stores, etc. The Vermont Central E. It. passes through, 4B m. from Windsor, 81 ra. IVonI Montpelier, 111 m. from liousir's Point. W'BiT Kii'LEV, p. o., Somerset eo., J/'-. ; 49 m. N. N. K. Augusta. Wfat IlrvEti, p. o., Anne Arundel co., M'/. : 7 m. .S. S. W. Annapolis. W fsT KivES, p. o., Jackson co., Midi. : 27 m. E. by S. Lansing. Wkst P.ochesteb, p. o., Windsor co.. Verm. : 2S m. S. by E. Montpelier. Wkst liosENPALE, p. c, Foud du Lac CO., TT/se. ; 64 m. N. E. by N. Madison. West Uoxuuav, t., p. v., and sta., Norfolk co., Miisn. : on Dedham Branch It. IJ., 6 m. S. W. Boston. Incorporated in isll. West Ub)ikey, p. o. and 8t.a., Oraflon co., X Ilnmp. : on S. side of Baker's r., 44 m. N._I»'. W. Coneor.l. The Boston Concord, and Montreal It. II. passes through, Ca m. from Concord. Wk8t KirPEaT, p. v. and stii., Bennington eounly, r«vn.; 70 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. The Itiithuid and Washington K. P.. p.iases through it, 47 miles from Troy, 3S miles from liulhind. West Hush, p. o., Monroe co., N. Y. : 20S m. W. hy N. Albany. West Uushtiele, p. v., Fairfield CO., OMo: on W. sidi; of Eush cr., 31 m. E. S. E. Columbus. West P.DTi.ANn, p. v. and sta., Eutland co., Vmti. : on W. side of (Jtler er., 61 m. S. S. W. Montpelier. The Jtnt- land and Washington E. P.. passes through it, 4 miles from Eutland, 21 miles from Troy. It is beautifully located in a fertile valley, surrouniled on all sides by high hills. It is noted for containing the finest quarries of marble in Amer- ica. At the two main quarries in this vicinity 6011 men .are employed ; and besides 5 mills, which arc turned by water, there is a stcain-mill sawing an immense quantity of slabs daily. Their annual prorluct is about 175,1100 cubic feel of marble, valued at about $500,000. WtsT UUTI.AND, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : 49 ni. W. Boston. West's, sta.. Middlesex county, ..V. Jar. : on Camden and Amboy E. E., 43 m. fi-om Philadelphia, 42 miles from Xew York. WusT SALE.M, p. o., Morgan county, Ind. : 30 m. S. 'W. Indianapolis. Wi«T SA1.E.M, p. o., Wayne county, Ohio: on E. side of Mmlrly I',.rk of Walhoiiding r., 79 m. N. N. E. Columbus. W'KSTSAi,iSBtiKV, p v., Addison CO., Venn.: 80 m. S. W. Montpelier. WtxT Saxd Lake, p. v., P.elisBelaer Co., y. Y. : 10 m. E. by S. Albany. West SAtihwicil, p. v. and sta., Barnstable eo., Mass.: on <;ape Cod Branch E. U., 25 m. from Middlehoro', 49 m. S. v.. by S. Boston. West Scuuvler, p. o., Uerkimer CO., K. Y. : on N. bank of Mohawk r., 77 iii. W. N. W. Albany. West Scituate, ji. v., Plyinontli co., My W. Boston. The PeterbonV and Sliirley K. It. passes tlirough it, 12 miU-s from Groton junction. It contains a female si;initiary of liigh repute. Wkst Townsuend, p. v., Windham co., Venn. : 87 m. S. Moiilpclier. West Teenton, p. v., Hancock co., Me, : 70 m. E. by N. Augusta. West Troitpsboeg, p. v., Steuben co., 2^. Y. : 202 m. W. by S. Albany. West Tkoy, p. v., Albany county, Nl Y.: on W. bank of Hudson r., 6 m. N. by E. Albany, This flourishing village was incorporated in 1836, and has had a rapid growth. The P>ie Canal here c<'nneots with the Hudson r. by lateral canals and locks, and tratisfers to it a larffe proportion of the canal-boata with their freight of produce, tneruhandise, etc., nnbroken, which are thence towed by steamboata to Kew York. A large number of ateara-barges, sloops, and schooners are here owned and employed in transportation. Tiie surplus waters of the canal afford very great wuter- power, improved by numerous factt^rJes and mills. Other manufacturing establishments using steam-power, are also numerous. The Meneely bell foundrj' is the most extf nsive of the kind in the Union. The general interests of this place are directly connected with Troy, of which it is prop- erly a suburb. It also contains 10 churches, and the Water- vl let arsenal, established here in 1HK3 by the United States. This is the largest arsenal of construction in the Union, comprising about -tO buildings upon its grounds of 100 acres, employs about 200 men, and at all times lias on hand im- mense quantities of munitions of war. The " W. Troy Ad- vocate" (neut,) ia issued weekly. Pop. 7,564. West Union, p. v., Knox co., Ind. : 4 m. E. Wabash r., 90 m. S. W. Indianapolis. West Union, p. v., and cap. Adams co., O^iio: 79 m. S. by W. Columbus. It contains the county buildings, two churches, stores, etc. The '* Adams County Democrat" is here published. Pop. 462. West Union, p. o., Fayette county, la. : S4 m. N. by W. Iowa City. We5t Union, p. v., Pickens dist., S, Car. : 128 m.W.N.W. Columbia. WvsT Union, p. o., Steuben co., y, Y. : 208 m. W. by S. Albany. WrsT Union, p. v., and cap. Doddridge county, Virg, ; 212 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. It contains a court-house, jail, and several stores. Pop. 161. We-t Unity, p. o.. Williams co., Ohio: 183 m. N. W. by N. Columbus. The " Equal Rights" (dem.)ia here published. Wi-feT Vermiluok, p. o., Erie co., Ohio: 9S m. N. by E. Colimibus. West Vienna, p. o., Oneida co., If. Y. : 116 m. W. N. W. Alb.-my. W-EST View, p. o., Augusta co., Viiv. : 98 m. W. N. W. Richmond. West Vraw, p. a, Hamilton co., Tenn. : 108 m. S. E. of Nashville. Westville, p. V,, New Haven co., Co7in. : 8 m. N. W. of New Haven. It contains several manufactories. Westville, p. v., and cap. Simpson county, Miss.: S3 m. 926 WE9 S. S. E. Jackson. It contains the county buildings. Pop about 180. We-stville, p. v.. Otsego co., JK Y.: on E. side of Sus- quehanna r., 53 m. W. Albany. . Wejtville, p. v.. Champaign co., Ohio: ^ m, W. Urba- na, 43 m. W. by N. Columbus. West Vincent, p. o., Chester co., Penn.: 67 m. E. by S. Harrisburg. West Walwoktii, p. o., Wayne county, K. Y.: 192 m. W. by N. Albany. West Wardshoro', p. v., Windham co., Venn. : 90 m. S. by W. Montpelier. West Wakeha.\i, p. v. and sta., Plymouth oo., Mass. : on the Cape Cod Branch K. R., UJ m. from Middleboro', and, by railroad. 46 m. S. S. E. from Boston. It contains several manufactories. West Watrrville, p, v. and sta., Kennebec co., Me. : at N. end of Snow's Pond, 17 m. N. Augusta. Emerson's stream here affonis great water-power. The Androscoggin and Kennebec R. R. passes through, 75^ m. from Portland, ^ m. from Waterville. West Webster, p. o., Monroe co., 2f. Y. : 197 m. W. by N. Albany. West Willi amsfield, p. o., Ashtabula co., Ohio : 160 m. N. E. Columbus. West Whiteland, t and p. o., Chester co., Penn, : 72 m, E. by S. Harrisburg. West Willinoton, p. o., Tolland county, Conn.: 22 m. E. N. E. Hartford. The New London, Willimantic, and Palmer R. R. passes near it, 45 m. from New London, 21 m, from Palmer. West Winchester, p. v. and sta., Cheshire co., K ITamp. : on Ashuelot Pv. R.. 15 m. from Keene, 8 m. from South Ver- non, 55 ra. S. W. Concord. It contains several manufac- tories. West Windham, p. c, Rockingham co., Ni Udmp. : 33 m. S. by E. Concord. West Windham, p. v., Bradford county, Penn.: 120 m. N. by E. Harrisburg. We^t Windsor, p. v., Broome co., N. Y. : 112 ni. W. S. W. Albany. West Windsor, p. v., Richland co., Ohio: 63 m. N. N. E. Columbus. West Windsor, p. o., Eaton county, Mich. : 10 m. S. W. Lansing. West WiNnELD, p. o., Herkimer county, N. Y. : 76 m. W. by N. Albany. West Winsted, p. v. and sta., Litchfield co., Comi.: on Mail r., a branch of Farmington r., 23 ni. N. W. by W. Hartford. 45 m. N. by W. New Haven. Heru terminates the Naugatuck R. R.. 62 m. Ironi Bridgeport. This v. is noted chiefly for its manufactures. Water-power is fur- nished by the outlet of Long Lake, an interesting pond 8i m. long, J ra. wide, which lies in an elevated plain, nearly J m. above the plain below. This outlet is but a small stream, in a narrr)w channel, but aflbrds great and perma- nent power to the factories on its banks. Among these are an extensive cutlery establishment ; one coach axle do. ; a large machine shop ; a tannery 140 feet long, and 4 stories high ; various establishments making hoes, shovels, edge bKils. sashes, and blinds; also large scythe factories; 2 woolen do., making satinets and cassimeres; an inm foun- dry, etc. The flourishing condiliim and prospect* of Win- sled have most favorably affected its growth im!ly the richest and largest ever discovered. While at the surface the thickness of the vein is inconsider- able, ai thf depth of 60 feet it measures 5 feet, .*in'l at 70 feet has increased to over S feet, tlie regular ilip beijin- ning at this point in .such a manni-r that while the inclina- tion of the hanging wall is.S.50 that of the htwerwall Js^G'^, thus occasioning for every few feet arlvancrd. an increase of a foot in the thickneas of the vein. The vein is a regular one, and consists of alternate layers of quartz and cop[)er j)yrite8, and spathic iron, contiunint; 33 pr-r cent, of meliil. It is supposed that when machinery is api»lied to the working of the mine, that 5" men will tike out monthly 400 tons of ore. Several other mines have been discovered in the vicinity, which, if equally rich with the Wheal J'ioiu-rr, will add greatly to the resources of the State, and stimulate tho people to enterprise and energy. Wheatland, p. o., Ionia co., Mick: 82 m. W. N. W. L:inslng. WuKATLANn, t. and p. o., Monroe coimly, X. Y.: 214 m. W. by N. Albany. Drained by Allen's cr.. tributary of Genesee river. The 1. contains several mills and tanneries, Itut the iiLhabilarits are chiefly engaged in agriculture, etc Pop. 2.917. Wheatland, t. and p. o., Kenosha county, Wise. : 71 m. 927 WHE WHT S. E. by E. Madison. Fox r. flows through its N. E. part, and receives hranrhes from the interior. Pop. l,19:j. Wheatland, p. o., Loudun county, Virg.: 205 m. N. Eichraond. Wheatland Centre, p. o., Ilillsdale co.^ Midi.: 52 m. S. by E. Lansing. WuEATLEv, p. 0., Fauquier co., Virg. : 65 m. N. by W. Eiolimond. ■\Vheat ItLDGE, p. o., Adams co., Ohio: 73 ni. S. S. W. Columbus. WiiEATViLLE, p. v., Gcnesce co., 2^. Y. : 236 m. W. by N. Albany. WHKtxEB, I. and p. o., Steuben co., y. Y. : 1S7 m. W. Albiiuy. Drained by branch of Conhocton r. Pop. 1,471. WiiEEi.EitsBURG, p. V., Scioto CO., Ohio : on Ohio r., 56 m. S. by E. Columbus. Pop. about 300. "Wheeling, p. o., Cook co., JU. : on E. side Des Plaines r., 182 m. N. E. by N. Springfield. "Wheeling, p. v., Delaware co., I7id,: on S. W. side of Mississinewa r., 53 m. N. E. Indianapolis. WiiiiKLiNG, p. 0,, Holmes CO., Mi6S. : on "W. side of Big Black r., Co m. N. N. E. Jackson. Wheeling, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Ohio county, Virg. : on E. bank of the Ohio r., 247 m. N. W. Itiehniond— lat. 4no ii7'N. X long. 50° 42' W. It occupies a fine site on a high bank of the river, along which it extends about 2 m., but its extension W. is restrained by high hills. It is diviiied by Wheeling cr., here emptying into the Ohio, over which here is a beautiful stone bridge. The Ohio river is crossed by a wire suspension bridge, which is one of the finest structures of the kind in the world, and has the fol- lowing measurement : length of span, from centre to centre of the stone supporting towers, 1,010 feet; height above low-water mark, 97 feel ; height of towers on "Wheeling side, 153^ feet above low-water mark, and 160 feet above the abutment on which they stany steam. Vessels built during the year preceding, 4 steamers, S35 tons. In 1S52, 88 steamboats, all high pres- sure, were here owned, wilhaggregate tonnage of 6,84;J tons. The city contains, besides the county buildings, 13 churches, several academies, and 2 banks, with aggregate capital of $CCi).li)n. Its newspaper press in 1S50 consisted of the " Wlieeling Gazette" (whig), and "Wheeling Even- I 923 ing Argus'' (dem.), each issuing daily and weekly editions; and the '• Virginische Staate Zeitung" (dem.) in German language, issued weekly. Pop. in ISIO, 914 ; In 1520, 1,567 ; in 1S30, 5.221 ; in 1840, 7,8S5 ; in 1S50, 11,391. Wheeling Valley, p. o., Marshall co., llrg.: 289 m. N. W. Kichmond. Wheelock, p. 0., Choctaw Notion, Iiid, Ter. WuEELocK, p. 0., Kobertson co., Tex. : 90 m. N. E. by E. Austin City. Wheelock, t. and p. o., Caledonia coimty, Venn.: 29 m. N. E. Montpelier. Drained by branches of Pausumpsic r I*bp. SS5. Whetstone, p. o., Morrow county, Ohio: 48 m. N. by E. Columbus. Whetstone river, Ohio: ^ee Olentangy river. WuiGviLLE, p. v., Lapeer co., Mich. : 63 m. N.E. Lansing. Whippy Swamp, p. o., Beaufort dist., S. Car.: 73 m. S. Columbia. Whitco-mb, p. T., Franklin county, Ind. : 60 m. E. S. E Indianapolis. White county, Ark. Situate N. E. centrally, and con- tains 1.U48 gq. m. Drained by Little Bed r., tributary of White river, which forms its E. boundary, and by other streams. Surface even ; soil fertile, and adapted to grazing. Farms 807; manuf. 2; dwell. 455, and pop.— wh. 2,309, fr. col. 2, si. 308— total 2,619. Capital: Searcy. White county. III. Situate S. E., and contains 447 sq. m. Litile Wabash river and Skillet fork of same drain the CO. Surface partly level, and partly undulating; soil fertile; staples, wheat and Indian corn. Tobacco is cultivated. It has some excellent prairie land in the E. portion. The country bordering the streams is well wooded. Farms 1,101 ; manuf. 22 ; dwell. 1,537, and pop.— wh. 8,816, fr. col. 109— total 8,925. Capital : Carmi. White county, Ind. Situate N. W. middle, and contains 504 sq. m. Drained by Tippecanoe r. and its several trib- utaries. Two-thirds of the surface is prairie, and at least one-half dry and gently undulating ; soil rich, and the forest growths extensive. rarm345S; manuf. 10; dwell. &21, and pop.— wh. 4,752, fr. col. 9— toUil 4,7G1. Cajyitul : MonticeUo. PiiUic Works: New Albany and Salem Extension E. R. White county, Teini. Situate E. centrally, and contains 340 t-q. m. Drained by Caney fork of Cumberland river and its afiluents. Surface uneven, in parts hilly; soil ferlile; staples wheat, grain, and tobacco. Pork and grain arc ex- ported. Farms 1,341 ; manuf. 22 ; dwell. 1,706, and pop.— wh. 10,09S, fr. col. 132, si. 1,214— total 11.44i. Capital: Sparta. Public Works: Lexington and M'Minnville E. E. White mountains, Jf. I/amj).: these mountains, in the N. part of the State, are the highest in New England, and among the highest in the United States. The range is in form nearly square, extending N. and S. about 26 m., and E. and W. about 22 m. ; but the more elevated summits are comprised within a range of 3 miles. The highest summits are covered with snow during the greater part of the year, and in clear weather are visible at sea more 'han 50 miles from shore. The elevations of the highest peaks are as follows : Mount Washington.. 6,226 feet j Mount Madison .. .5,620 feet Mount Adams 5,960 " Mount Monroe 5,510 « Mount Jefferson .... 5,S60 " I Mount Franklin . . . 5,050 * besides which several otliers are little Inferior in elevation. The ascent of these mountains is fatiguing, but not danger- ous ; an(i is frequently accomplished by summer visitors. T'he scenery from their summits is of surpassing interest, and of varied character. The coustruclion of the Boston, Concord, and Montreal B. R., Atlantic and St. Lawrence E. E., and other lines of railroad toward, this interesting vicinity, has greatly increased the number of summer visitors, for whose accommodation there are numerons hotels kept in first-c'ass style. White river, Ark. : is formed in Washington co., by the will W'HI confliK'iii'e of 3 branches. n its entrance into "UaliiLNh r. Its slreani is but little interior to the Waliash, is about C()i» fvct wide, and navigable in lii^h water for sleiim- hoiiK The W. fork rises in ]iaU'i(Jlph co. ; in higli water it is navifral>Ic f(tr steamboats to Indianapolis, and flal-boata have descended it from near 'Winchester. The K. fork is about '2'25 miles lorifr, and boyiable loll m. The nvmieroiis branches of these forks drain the entire central portion of the Slate. ■\VniTE river, Mfch. : rises in Newasro county, flows S. "W. tlirtiugh Uccana co., and enters Lake Michigan by a bruad estuary. WniTE river, Utah Ter.: a principal head branch of Colorado r., (lowing through E. i)art of Utah co., about 150 m. in W. course. "White river. Verm.: rises in Granville, flows S. S. K., N. E., and S. E., and empti<'8 into the Connecticut river in Hartfor'l t. It is about ^5 miles long, an« m. N. N. E. Aruany. Surface hilly. I'r' ii «! by Pjiwlet river, Wt>od creek, aiirl Poullney riv.r. which flo.v into the head of Lake Champlain. The v. at the head of Hie lake is well situated for trade. The Champl.'iin Canal extends hence 73 in. to Albany. The i^araloL^'l and Washington It. K. piL-ises through, 13 m. from Casileton. and it is pro- posed to build a railroad hence to Phitisburg. It contains four churches, several mills and nianufactories, and two banks, with nggresrate capital of -t'.MiS.'ion. The •' Demo- crat," and "Chronicle" (whig) are here pubbslied. Pop. of V. about 3,000 ; of t. 4.7J6. White Hall, p. o., Owen co., Tnd. : -{9, m. S. W. by S. Indtaii.-ipolis. WiiiTK Hall, p. v., Mecklenburg co., A'. Car.: 120 in. W. S. W. Pateigh. Pop. about 100. WViiTE Hall, sta., Delaware co.. /v.n?. ; on Philadelphia and'tiolumbia P. R., M m. W. Pbiladrlphi.a. White Hall, p. o., Montour co., Pni. White Housr. p. v. aiul sl-i.. Hunterdon co., jV: Jer.: on S. E. side of Ilockaway cr., 20 m. N. Trenton. The Now Jersey Central K. \i. pa-scs through, .'jO ui. from New York, 2S m. from Eastoii. White House, J). o., Cumberland counly, Pe/in.: IS m. W. S. W. Harrisburg. White Lai^e, p. o., Sulliv;:n county, y. }'. .' 8S m. S. W. Albany. White lake, in the vicinity, is a small but very beautiful sheet of water, abounding with fish, etc. A good hotel accommodates summer visitors. WHiTrLEV,t. and p.o.,C.recnoco.. /*f?n?i. .* 1G3 m.W.by8. Harrbl)urg. Drained by Whitolcy cr., (lowing into Mouon- 929 WHI WHI gahela r. It conlains several tanneries, grist and saw mills. Pop. about 2,500. Whitelevsuueo, p. v., Kent co., Dd, : 17 m. S. "W. by S. Dover. W'uiTE MAEsn, p. 0., Columbus county, i*/". Car. : 99 m. S. Kak-igh. VTiriTE Marsh, t. an J p. o., Montcomery county, Penn.: 85 m, E. IJarrisbiirg. Brained by Wissahickon cr., wliieh affords watcT-power to various mills. Pop. oft. about 2,4(111. "WmTE Mills, p. o., Wayne county, Penn. : 124 in. N. E. Harrisburg. WniTK Mountain, p. c, Coos co., 2^^. Bamp. : 7*1 m. N. Concord. WniTE Oak, p. o., Columbia co., Ga. : 64 m. N. E. by E. Mi lied {rev i He. WiHTE Oak^ p. 0., KitcUie co., rirg. : 223 m. N. W. by W. Eiebmond. White Oak, t. and p. o., Ingham county, Mich. : 622 m. S. E. by E. Lansing. Pop. in 1S40, 270 ; in 1S50, SOS. White Oak, p. o., Hopkins co., Tex. : 247 m. N. N. E. Austin City. White Oae, p. o., Humphreys co., Tenn. : 4S m. W. by N. Nashville. White Oak Geove, p. 0., Dubois county, Ind. : 102 m. S. S. W. Indianapolis. WuiTE Oak Geove, p. o., Greene county, Mo. : 117 m. S. W. by S. Jefferson City. White Oak Hill, p. o., Fleming co., Ky. : 72 m. E. by N. Frankfort. White Oak Spring, p. v., La Fayette co., Wise. : near Illinois State line, 66 ra. 8. W. Madison. White Oak Spkings, p. o., Brown county, Jll.: 60 m. W- Springfield. White Path, p. c, Gilmer co., Ga. : 152 m. N. W. by N. Mil ledge villa. White Pigeon, t., p. v., and sta., St. Joseph's co., Mch. : 80 m. S. W. by S. Lansing. Drained by Pigeon and Fawn rivers, branches of St. Joseph r. The v. contains 2 churches and several stores. The Michigan Southern K. K. passes through, 119 m. from Chicago, 123 m. from Monroe. Pop. of t 794. White Plains, p. v., Benton county, Al/.: 20 m. N. E. Frankfort. WmTE SuLPnrR Springs, p. v., Limestone county, Ala. : 175 ra. N. by W. Montgomery. White StLruuK Springs, p. v., Merriwether county, Ga. : WHI WIL on small branch of Chaltahoochie river, 96 m. W. by S. MilledgC'ville. WiirTE SuLPiiTTR SpEFNGS. p. 0., Catahoula parish, La.: 103 m. X. "W. by N. Baton Kouge. "WuiTE StTLPnuR Springs, p. v., Greenbrier co., Virff.: on a branch of Greenbrier r., 15G m. W. by N. Richmond. These vaUiable meilicinal springs have for many years been the principal summer resort in Virginia. Their location is in an eleva!<:^l and beautifully picturesque valley surroundod by nmunlaiiis. Tlie average number of visit»irs per annum is usually 5 to 6,000; and upon the completion of the Covington and Ohio E. K., which will pass through this place, will be greatly increased. AVuiTEsvii.LE. p. v., Harris co., Ga. : on branch of Chatta- huochie r., Ill m.W. by S. Milledgcville. WniTESviLLE, p. v., "VTilkinson co., Jfiss.: near Louis- iana State line, 109 m. S. S. W. Jackson. "U'uiTEsviLLE, p. 0., Halifax co., Virj. ; 94 m. S. "SV. Eiehniond. WnrrESVJLLE, p. v.. Alleghany co., 2^. Y. : on branch of Genesee r., 21S m. W. S. W. Albany. It contains several mills, stores, etc, and 2 churches. "Whitesvu-le, p. v., sta.. and cap. Columbus co., 2^. Car. : on W. side Whitemarsh cr., 93 m. S Kaleigh. It contains the county buildings, stores, etc. The \Yilaiington and Manchester E. E. passes through it, 43 m. from "Wilmington. Pop. about 350. "WntTEsviLLE, p. o., Andrew co., Mb. : 170 m. N. "W. Jef- ferson City. "^'niTE Top, p. o., Sullivan co., Temi. : 240 m. E. by N. Nasliville. ■\YniTEViLLE, p. v., Hardeman co., Teim. : 145 m. "W. S. W. Nashville. Pop. about 100. "White Water, p. o., Pike co., Ahi. : on E. side of branch of Pea r., 54 ra. S. E. by 8. Montgomery. AVniTE Water, t., Hamilton co., Ohio: 102 ra. S. W. by W. Columbus. Drained by Whitewater r. It contains several pleasant villages, among which is a Shaker settlement. See Waterti.iet, etc. Pop. 1,507. WuiTE Water, p. o., Fayette co., Ga. : SO m. W. N. W. MilledgeviHe. WniTE Water, p. o., Wayne co., Lui. : near Ohio State line, &4 m. E. by N. lu'iianapolis. White Water, t., p. v., an Miami r., 6 m. above its mouth. It affords water-power, has an aver- age width of 300 feet, and is navigable in high water. White Water river, Mo. and Ark. : is formed in Cape Girardeau co., Mo., by several head branches ; thence fl'iws in general course 8. by W., and nearly parallel to the Mis- sissippi, until it enters St. Francis bay, in Mississippi county, Arkansas. WniTiNG, t. and p. o., Washington county. Me.: 109 m. E. by N. Augusta. Surface diversified by numerous ponds. Machias bay lies on its S. W. border. Pop. 470. WniTiNO, t., p. o., and sta., Addison co., Ver/n.: 41 m. S. W. Monlpelier. An agricultural township. The P^ut- land and Burlington R. R. passes through its E. part, along 111" banks of Otter creek, 75 m. fri.m Bellows Falls, 45 m. flroni Eiiriington. Pop. oft. 629. WuiTixGHAM, L and p. o., Windham co., TVwk." IOC m. S. by W. Mnntpelier. Drained by Deerfleld r. .and branches. It contains abundance of licQCStone, aud an excellent min- eral spring. Fop. 1,3S0. WniTiNS. sta., Worcester co., 3Xass. : on Providence and Worcester R. E., 17 m. from Worcester, 20 m. from i*rovi- dence, 34 m. S. W, by W. Boston. WinTiNsviLLE, p. v., Worcester co., Mass. : on branch of Blackslone r.. 36 m. S. W. by W. Boston. WuiTLET county, Ltd. Situate N. E., and contains 824 sq. m. Drained principally by Eel r. and its tributaries. In the N. and middle portions the surface is undulating — sometimes hilly; but in the S. level. Forest land, inter- spersed with wet prau-ies, preponderate ; but there are also considerable bottoms and barrens. Farms 522 ; manuf. S ; dwell. 913, and pop.--wh. 5,095, fr. col. 95— total ,5,190. Capikil: Columbia. Wnm-ET county, Ki/. Situate S. E., and contains 704 eq. m. Drained by Cumberland r. and iLs branches. Surface hilly ; soil fertile, and in general very productive, the up- lands being well adapted to grazing, and much grain ia raised. Chief productions, Indian corn and tobacco. Farms 9S0; manuf. 0; dwell. 1,214, and pop.— wh. 7,227, fr. col. 19, 8l. 201— total 7,447. Capital: Williamsburg. PiO/lic Works : Knoxville and Lexington E. R. Whitley C. II., p. v., and cap. Whitley co., Ind. : in Columbia v., on N. W. side of Eel river, 101 m. N. N. E. Indianapolis. Whitley C. H., p. v., and cap. Whitley co., Ky. : in Williamsburg v., ou S. side of Cumberland r., SS m. S. 9. E. Frankfort, WiuTLEY's Poi>T, p. o., Shelby co., lU. : 65 ra. E. 8. E. Springtield. WmTLEYvrLLE, p. o., JacksoH CO., Tenn. : 55 m. E. N.E. Nashville. Whitney's Corneds, p. o,, Jefferson co., K. Y. : 152 m. N.W. by W. Albany. WmTSEY's Point, p. o., Broome county, 2T. Y. : 116 m. W. by S. Albany. WniTNEv's Valley, p. v. and sta., Alleghany co., Al F. ; on Buffalo and New York City R. R.. 7S m. from Buffalo, 13 m. from Hornellsville, 214 ra. W. Albany. It contains 2 churches, several stores, etc. WuiTNEYviLLE, p. V. and ata., Washington co.. Me. : on S. W. side Machias r., and on the Franklin U. E, 9 m. from Machiasporl, 114 m. E. by N. Augusta. Whitneyville, p. o., Kent co., Miclu : 58 m. W. N. W. Lansing. WniTTLtSET, p. 0., Medina co., Ohio: 96 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. WniTrLE's Mills, p. o., Mecklenburg co., Virg. : 87 m. S. W. by S. Richmond. Wick. p. o., Tyler county, Vlrg, : 2S0 m. N. W. by W. Richmond. WicKFOED, p. v., Washington co., R. I. : on W. side of branch of Narraganselt bay, 9 m. N. W. Newport. It has a good harbor, and employs considerable tonnage in the fisheries and coasting-trade. It contains three churches, an academy, and one bank. Pop. about 500. The Stonington and Providence R. R. parses through Wickford Dep6t,3 m. AV. of the village, 80 miles from Stonington, 20 miles from Providence. Wickliffe, p. v., Chambers county, ^/rt. : 66 ra. E. N. E. Montgomery. WicKLii-FE, p. v., Crawford co., Ltd.: 9S ra. S. by W. of Indianapolis. WiCKLiTFE, p. v., Jackson co., Ia. : 54 m. N. E. of Iowa City. WicKLiFFE, p. v., Lake co., Ohio: 140 ra. N. E. by N. of CoIuml>u8. WICO^^co CnDncn, p. o., Northurabcriand co., Vtrg. : 5S m. E. N. E. Richmond. WiroNiscA, t. and p. o., Dauphin co., Pcnn. : 22 m. N. of Harrisburg. Pop. ol t. about 5oO. Wiueuan'8, p. o., Abbeville district, .*?. Car.: 75 m. W. Cohmibia. WiLiiR.\HAM, t and p. v., Hampden co., J/a^. : 72 m. W. by S. Boston. Drained by head branches of Scantic river, and other streams flowing into the Connecticut r. The v. contains two churches and the Wesleyan Academy, a flour- 931 WIL WIL i8hing Methoilist ios'itiUioQ. The Western K. E. passes through the N. p;irt of the t. Pop. of t. 2.127. Wilcox county, Aia. Situate toward the S. W., and con- tains 906 sq. m. Alabama r flows through it. by wliich and ils branches it is drained. Surface uneven; soil in some parts very fL-rliie; on the slri-ams the land is in gt-ti- eral very productive. Staples, Indian corn and olhor grain, cott'in, rice, and pulatoea. It lias some good timber land. Farms 6*)6; manuf. 6; dwell. 9S3. and pop. — wh. 5,516, fr. col. 1, si. ll-SS,"*— total 17,352. Capital: Camden C. H. "Wilcox's Stoke, p. o., Casey county, Ky. : 00 miles 3. of Frank f.Tt. Wild Cat, p. o., Carroll county, Imh : 53 miles N. N. "W. Indianapolis. "WiLDERNKSs. p. o., Spotlsvlvania county, Mrg.: 44 miles N. by W. Richmond. WiLDERNt-iBs, p. o.. Clafk CO.. Ahi. .* on small branch of Tombigbee r., 109 m. W. S. W. Monlgomery. Wild Haus, p. o., Izard co.. Ark. : 91 m. N. by E. Little Eock. WiLEv's Cote, p. o., Searcy co., A i-k. : on E. side of Cove cr., 74 m. N. by W. Litllc Rock. WiLEYViLLE, p. 0,, Dcsha CO., Ar/c. : 74 m. S. W. by S. Little Rock. Wilkes county, Gn. Situate toward the N. E.. and con- tains 436 sq. m. Fishing cr. and its brjinches, and affluents of Broad and Little rivers drain the county. Surface level ; soil fertile, and adapted to colt'in, which is Ihe chief pro- duction, and also to wh^al and grain, fine crops of wliich are raised. Pork and beef are exported. Farms 4CS ; manuf. 9; dwell. 709, and pop.— wh. 3.S05, fr. col. 21, si. 8,281— total 12.107. Capital: Washington. Wilkes county, y. Car. Situate N. W., and contains 679 sq. ra. Drained by Yadkin r. and its branches. Sur- face elevated, and diversified with inountains and valleys; soil fertile, and well fitted fur pasture. Chief productions, tobacco, cotton, and Inilian corn. This couniy is bounded on the N. W. by the Blue Iii«ige. Farms 1,0!)"; manuf. 9; dwell. 2.050, and pop.— wh. lu.746, fr. col. 211, si. 1,142— to- tal 12,(199. Capital: Wilkesboro'. WiLKESitARRE, p. b., atui cap. Luzerne co., Penn.: on 8. E. bank of Susquehanna r.. S2 m. N. E. by N. Ilnrrisburg. The t. has a diversified surface, and is in the nii«lst of the anthracite coal region. The b. occupies a very beautiful and elevated situation, and is surrounded by delightful scenery. It Is laid out according to a beautiful plan of gen- eral regularity, and is neatly built. The county buildings are handsomely located on a public square at its centre. It also contains 3 churches, 2 a'-ademit s. 1 bank, cap. *>5,.330, 1 anthraeiie blast furnace, with annual capacity of 1.500 tons, employing 50 men, one of the largest rolling-mills in the Union, employing 250 men, and producing annually about 3.500 tons, besides other manufacturing esiablishmcnts. The North Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal passes through the borough. The " Luzerne Democrat" and "Dem. Wachter'' are issued weekly. Tliis place, with the vicinity surrounding it, are of much historical interest. It was first settled under the Susquehanna Land Company of Connecticut, and was laid out in 1773. Its ft)undcrs wore of the best citizens of New England, intelligent, enterpris- ing, and patriotic. Their conflicts in the Revolution wiih the allied British and Indians, especially that of the disas- trous ''Massacre of Wyoming."' are recorded in the annals of the nation, and commemorated on the field of their bat- tle by a beautiful monumenL Pop. in 1840, 1,728; in 1850, 2,723. WiLKKSBOKo', p. v., M'Lcan couniy, III. : 55 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Wilkesboro', p. v., and cap. Wilkes co., X. Car. : on S. side of Yadkin r., 133 m. W. by N. Raleigh. It contains the court-house, juil, stores, etc. Pop. about ISO. Wilkesboro', p. v., Covington co.. Miss.: on branch of Pearl r, 65 m. S. S. E. Jackson. WiLKKSviLLE. t and p. v., Vinton co., 0/iio: (JS m. S. E. by 8. Columl)U3. Drained by Raccoon cr.. which afibrds water-power to several grist and saw-mills. The Cincinnati, U:llsboro', and Purkeriburg R. R. will pass through this t. Pop. oft. 1,037. Wii.Ki>s, p. o., Union co.. Ohio: 41 ni. K. W. Columbus. Wilkin?, t. and p. ol. Alleghany co.. Petit,. : ]n m. E. by ^S. Pilisburg, 14S miles W. Ly ^^ Ilarrisburg. Population *abnul 2,50U. WiLiiiNSHUEG, p. V, and sta., Ailei;hany co..Pevn.: on Peimsylvania R. R., 7 m. from Pillaburg. 151 m. W. by N. Harrisburg. Wilkinson county, Ga. Situate centrally, and contains 3SS sq. m. Drained by Big Sandy and Commissioner creeks, branches of Oconee r., which forms its eastern btumdary. Surface level or undulating; soil fi-rtile. iind in part very productive. Cotton is llie staple, but excellent crops of wheat and grain are raised, and fruit is imieli cultivated, oranges, lemons, citrons, peaches, plums, pears, and pome- granates being produced of excellent flavor and quality. Farms 645; manuf O; dwell. 9S3, and pop. — wh. 5.467, fr. col. ; si. 2,745— total 8,212. Capital : Irwinion. PuIMc Wbrls : Georgia Central R. R. ; Milledgeville and Gordon R. R. Wilkinson county. Misn. Situate S. W., and contains 654 sq. m. Drained principally by Buffalo rr.. which passes througli it centrally. Surface in general is hilly, and in parts much broken. On the Mississippi, which bounds it on the W., the land is high, from which it inclines to the in- terior ; soil fertile, and is well adapted to coiton, which is the chief production. Farms 404; m.anuf. IS; dwell. 736, and pop.- wh. 3.624, fr. col. 80, sla. 13,260- total 16,914. CapiUd: Woodville. WiLKiNsoNviLLE, p. V., Worccstcr CO., Mass. : on S. side of Blackstone r, 35 m. W. S. W. Boston. WiLKiNsoNviLLK, p. v., Uiiion disL, S. Car. : on W. side of Broad r.. 70 m. N. N. W. Columbia. Will county, JU. Situate N. W., and contains 1,153 sq. m. Drained by Iroquois and Kankakee rivers, tributa- ries of Illinois river. Surfaw generally even; in pjirts it is hilly and broken. Soil in many portions verj productive. Staples, wheal, grain, and potatoes. Farms l,2u0: niamif. 94; dwell. 2,796. and pop.— wh. 16.670, fr. eo]. 33— total 16,703. Capital: Joliet. PuhUc WorH: Chicago Branch of Central R. R. : Chicago and Mississippi R. II. ; Illinois and Michigan Canal. Willamette river, Oreg. Ter. : rises in Lane co., flows N. E. and N., and empties into Colombia r., nearly opposite Fort Yancouver. Willamette Forks, p. o., Linn co., Oreg. Ter. : 60 m. S. Salem. WiLLET, 1. and p. o., Cortlandt co., N. Y. : 114 m.W. by 3. Albany. Drained by Otselic r. Pop. 923. WiLLET, p. o., Greene co.. Wise. : 35 m. S. S. W. Madison. WiLLKTviLLE, p. 0., Ulghlaud county, Ohio : 59 m. S.S.W. Cohimbus. Williams county, OMo. Situate N.W.,and contains 433 sq. m. Drained by St. Joseph's branch of Ihe Manmee r. and its aflluents, and Tifllu r. and its branches, which sup- ply good water-power. Surface undulating; soil fertile. It contains a mineral spring, which is much frequented on ac- count of its medicinal qualities, ami Ilie odur of which is perceived at the distance of a quarter of a mile. It ia wcU wooded. Farms 651; manuf. 29; dwell. 1.390. and pop. — wh. S,(ilS, fr. col. 90— total 8,103. Capital: Bryan. Williams, p. o., Christian co., Ky.: 159 m.W. S. W Frankfort. WiLLiAMSBORO', p. V., Granville county, iV. Car.: 42 m. N. by E. Raleigh. Pop. about 100. William's Bridge, sla., Westchester county, X. Y.: on Br N. Iniliaiiapolis. I'np- iilmut 4iR). WiLLiAM-iifm:. t. nil. I p. o., I'lS'-aMupiis co.. J/i\ ; §0 m. N. N. K. Anua^ui. Draineil by Pleasaiii r. and il> ImuK'liL'S. rnp. ]'24. AViLi-iA\tsiu-r:o, t. atifi p. v., ir:itnps,hire co.. J/.;w. .■ S.'i ra. "W. Hosioii. iiraiiied by Mill riv r. wlncli aflnnls watcr- piiMHT ti> several milts aiiii uiaiiu'aotories. The v. contains 3<'lmr.hes. r".[>. of I, 1,537. "Wii-i-iAM^iii;!!';, p. v.. and cap. CnvinLctnn cminty. ^^■■^s. : (u III. 8. 1".. by S. -lackaon. It C'lniains Uie co. buiKliiigs. Top. about led. AViLLiAMhui'Kii p. v., Callaway cniiniy, Jfo. : '2S m. N. E. Jefferson fiiy. p..p. alM>iit 120. W'lLLiAMsiuRG. p. city. King^ co., X. 1' ; on E. bank of East river. -2 m. K. by N. City Hull, New York, 145 m. S. AilMny. This floiirisliina: city occupies n handsome and elevated site, is planried ynd laid out wiili regularity, and is increasini; in [lopiilation and i:eni ral prosperity corr- spond- ini; to ilie growth uf New York, ward cnm- pleti'in. The churches are about thirty in number, many of which are very commodious and handsome edifices Atnnng thi' public buildings, the Odeon is the principal !iall tor pui'lic eiileriaininent, etc. Its public schftols, ar- ranged aecnnling to the general State system, are well con- ducted, anil considerable interest is manifested in education by the citizens getierally. The newspaper pres>». iu 1850, consisted of four dailies, viz., '■ W. Gazette" (widg). '-W. Times'' (neul.). " lnfi. The popuiati'in at the present lime (July, 1S53) is perhaps little les!* than 5il.fMiO. '\Vii.LiA.Msi;rp.<;, p. v.. De Kalb co., HI,: on Sycamore r., ir5 m. N. N. K. ^pringtield. WiLi.iAM^uritrt. p. V,, Iredell co.. A\ Car.: on E. side of Kock cr.. llfi m. W. by N. Pvuleigh. "^Vii-LiAM^^itruK. t. and p. v., Clermont co., Ohio : S2 m. S.W. by S. Columbus, drained by K. fork of Little Miami river. Pop. of v. about 5n(i ; of i. 1.8^5. ■\ViixiA.MsBuno. p. b., lilair county, Penn,: on S. side Juniata r., 72 m. W. by N. IIarri>iburg. Incorporated in IS-'S. It contains 5 churches, several mills, and other man- ufaeliiring fetahhshments. 1 hot-blast charcnl furnace. with annual capacity of 1.40(1 tons, and 2 charcoal forges, each annually producing 600 tons blooms, and employing 80 men. Pop. about S50. Wiu-i.^.M-^nuMG, p. v., and cap. James City co,, Virff. : 4t) m. K. S. E. Kichmond. Pleasantly situated on elev.^ted land between .Tames antl York river*. It wa« first settled in 1632, and w;is the seat of the colonial governmeiiL It is handsomely laid out with streets crossing at richl angles The county buildings stand upon a public sipiare. It also contains 3 churches, and the College of William and Mary, which was founded in li'.92. and in 1550 had 1 professors. -36 students, and 5.000 volumes in its library, and a flourishing law department of 32 students. Pop. S77. IrViLi.TAM's Centre, p. v., William's co., Ohio: 134 ra. N. W. Columbus. William's Cp.oes Road?, p. o., Clioetaw co., ^/(/. ; 115 m. W. by S. Montgomery. Wii.LiAMsFiELi). t. and p. o., Af^hlabula co., Ohio: 15S m» N. K. Columbus. Drained by branches of Shenango and P\matuning creeks. Pop. ;>H2. Williamson county. !U. Situate S., and contains 432 sq. m. Drained by Mmi'ly and Saline creeks, the Ibrmer being a tributary of the Mississippi, and the laiter of the Ohio. Surface varied ; in some parLs hilly and broken, but in ecti'^ral it is level. Soil fertile, and raises good crops of wheat and grain, and is favorable to the cultivation of to- bacco and cotton. Pine timber is to be found on the I.-ind. Farms 752; manuf. 10; dwell, 1,195. and pop.— wh. 7.149, fr. col. 67— total T.'2I6. <\rpiUil: Marion. Puhltc Works: ^angamonand Massac P.. II. Williamson county, 7>riit. Situate W. centrally, and contains b-iy\ sq. in. llarpetTi r., a branch of Tennessee r, passes through the Co., by which and its branches it ia drained. Surt'ace level or gently nmlulatini: ; soil fertile. Staples, wheal, grain, tobacco, and cotton. It has a good erowth of timber. Farms 1,355; manuf. 54; dwell. '2 534, and pop.— wh. 14.267, fr. col. 70. si. l'2.StU— total 2T,20l. CUid : Franklin. Pithlic Works: Nashville and New Orleans K. 11. WiLLiAM-^oN county. T'-x. Situate E. centrally, and con- tains 1,1(57 Mp m. Drained by San Gabriel r. and its N. and S. forks, and by lirushy er. and its branches. Surface va- ried, part of it beiiiir niouniainoiis. and part level or rolling — the laiter portions being mostly prairie, wiih erovea of timber interspersed. Soil fertile and verj' [irodiictive, yield- ing large crops of grain, cotion, and potatoes, Indiirogrowa wild, ami might, by cultivation, be n-ndered very valuable. Wheat, also, succeeds well, and the hind is in general favor- able to all airriiuliural productions. I-'amis 107 ; manuf 1 ; dwell. '230, and po[».— wh. 1.410, fr.coI.y,&I. 155— total 1,5G3. Capitdl: Georgetown. WiLLiAMSc)N, t. and p. V., Wayne county. N'. Y. : 1S2 m, W. by N. Albany. Pr.iiiied by small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the N. Pop. of v. about 160; of t. 2.380. Williamson, p. v., Jefferson county, Ky. : 40 m. W. Frankfori, Williamson, p. v., Owen co., TjkJ.: 47 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. ' Williamson's Mills, p. o.. Lexington district, K Car.: on small branch of N. Edistn r.. 42 m. S. S. W. Columbia. WiLLiAMSoNViLLE. p. V., Mac-ou CO., J/o. ,■ 90 Ri. N. by W. JetTiTSon City. Willi A MS PORT, p. v., and cap. Warren co.. Itui. : on W. bank of Waltash r.. 69 in. N. W. by W. Indianapolis. It has a good landing for steanil'oaL-*. carries on an important trade, and is surrounded by a very fertile n-gion. First set- tleil in 1S*29. U coniains ihe county buildinirs, etc. The " Wabash Commercial" (whig) is iiere publisiied. Pop. about 450. WiLLiAM'^poitT. p. o., Point Coupee parish, I.a.: 37 ra. N. W. Baton Pouge. WiLLiA.MSPoKT. p. V., Washington county. iW. .• on N. E. bank of Potomac r, 79 m. N. W. by W. Annapolis. Thlg is the depot of an extensive fertile reirion. and has excellent stii()ping facilities. T!ie ('hesapeake and fihio Canal p.asses Ihrouirh it, ami the Franklin K. H. from Chambersburg will be exteniled to this place. It contains a bank, capital $135,000. I'op. about 450. WiLtiA.MSpoBT, p. b., and cap. Lycoming co.. P^nn.: on 933 WIL WAY N. bank of W. branch of Susquehaima r., 66 m. N. by W. i Harrisburg. It conUiins the county builtiings. 1 bank, cap- ital $100,000, 2 academies, and 4 churches. The " L. Ga- zette" (dem.) and "L. Democrat" are issued weekly. The "West Branch Division of Pennsylvania Canal passes llmmgh it The "Williamsport and Elmira K. 11. (construelc*! to Ralston, 25 m.), and the Sunbury and Erie R. E, with other projected lines, ivUl greatly increase the business interests of this place. Top. in 1S40, 1,353 ; iu 1S50, 1,615. WiLLiAMsroRT, p. v., Pickaway co., Ohio: on E. aide of Darby cr., 26 m. S. Columbus. WiLLiAMSPORT, p. V., Maury co., Tenn.: on S. side of Duck cr., 3S m. S. W. by S. Nashville. WiLLiAMSPORT, p. V., Hardy co., Virg.: on branch of Potomac r., U3 ra. N. N. AV. Eichmond. William's Stoke, p. o., Berks co., Penn. : 54 m. E. N. E. Harrisburg. William's Store, p. o., Hardeman co., Tenn. : 125 m. W. S. W. Nashville. WiLLiAMSTON, p. V., and cap. Martin co., K. Car.: SS m. E. Ealeigh. It contains the county buildings, etc. Pup, about 300. WiLLiAMSTON, p. V. and sta., Anderson dist., S. Car. : on Greenville and Columbia E. E., 93 m. W. N. W. Columbia. WiLLiAMSTows, p. V., Decatuf CO., Ind. : 43 m. S. E. by E. Indianapolis. WiLLiAMSTowN, p. V., and cap. Grant co., Ky.: S6 m. N. N. E. Frankfort. It contains the court-house and sev- eral dwellings. WiLLiAxioTOWN, t. and p. v., Berkshire co., Mass. : 19 m. N. Pillsfield, 111 m. W. by N. Boston. Drained by lloosic r. and branches, which afford water-power to several milts and factories. The v. is on uneven ground, but very pleas- ant. Lat. of Cong. ch. 420 42' 49" N., long. 73° 13' lu" W. Williams College, here located, was founded in 1793, and iu 1S50 had 8 professors, 1,317 alumni. 179 students, and 18,751 volumes in its libraries. Pop. of t. 2,620. Wflliamstown", p. o., Ingham co., Mich. WiLLjAMSTowN, t., p. V., and sta., Oswego co., N. Y. : 124 m. W. N. W. Albany. The Waterlowa and Eorae E. E. pa.sses through, 23 m. from Eome, 54 m. from Watertown. Pop. in 1S40, &42 ; iu 1S50, 1,121. WiLLiAMSTowN, p, 0., Camdcn county, JV. Jer. : 37 m. S. by W. Trenton. WiLLiAMSTuwN, t and p. o., Orange co., Verm. : 10 ra. S. by E. Montpelier. The t. has an elevated and uneven surface, and contains 5 churches, several miUs, etc. Pop- ulation 1,452. WiLLiAMSviLLE, p. v., Erie CO., i\^, y. : on N. E. side of EUicotl's cr., 2G2 m. W. Albany. It contains 8 churches, several mills, and other manufacturing establishments, and a large water-lime mill. WiLLiAMSVTiLE, p. V., Kent CO., Del: 15 m. S. 8. W. Dover. WiLLiAMSviLLE. p. V., Persoii CO., y. Citr. : on branch of Dan r., 56 m. N. W. by N. Ealeigh. WiLLiAMSviLLK, p, V., Elk CO., Peuii. ." Ott N. county line, 127 m. N. W. Harrisburg. WILLIAMSVILLE, p. 0., Dlcksou CO., Ttmu. : 37 m. W. Nashville. WILLIAMSVILLE, p. V., Windham co., Venn. : on brancli of West r., 95 m. S. Montpelier. WILLIAMSVILLE, p. V., Delaware co., Ohio : 13 m. N. by W. Columbus. WILLIAMSVILLE, p. 0., Bath CO., Virg.: 123 m. W. N. W. Eichmond. WiLLiMANsETT, p. V. aud sta., Hampden co., 3fass. : on E. bank of Connecticut r., 77 m. W. by S. Boston. The Connecticut Eiver K. K. passes through, 6 m. from Spring- field. WiLLiMANTic, p. b. and sta., Windham co., Conn. : on N. side of Williraantic r., 23 m. E. by S. Hartford. It eon- tains several very large cotton factories, other mills, and 4 934 churches. The " Public Medium" (ncuL) is issued weekly, The railroads passing through this place are, Hartford, Pro\'idenee, and Fishkill E. E.. 32 m. from Hartford ; New London, Willimantic, and Palmer K. E-, 30 m. from New London. 36 m. from Palmer; and the projected New York and Boston Direct E. E. WiLLixG, p. o., Alleghany co., J^. Y. : 224 m. W. by S. Albany. WiLLiNGTON, t. and p. v., Tolland coun4y, Conv. : 21 m. K by N. Hartford. Drained by brani'hes of Willimanli<- r.. which supply good water-power. The New Loudon, Wil- limantic, and Palmer E. E. passes on its W. border. In the V. are 2 churches. Pop. of t. 1.399. WiLLiNGTON, p. v., Abbeville dist., S. Car.: 60 m. W. Columbia. WiLusBURG, p. 0., Washington co^ Ki/. : 85 m, S. S. W. Frankfort. WiLLiSTON, p. V. and sta., B.irmvell dist., S. Car. : on South Carolina E. E., 99 m. from Charleston, 3S m. from Augusta., 45 m. S. S. W. Columbia. WiLLiSTOX„jp. o., Potter co., Penn.: 110 m, N. W. by N. Harrisburg. Wlllistox, t, p. v., and sta.. Chittenden co., Verm. : on S. side of Onion r., 26 m. W. N. W. Montpelier. Surface uneven. Drained by small streams. The Vermont C'entral E. E. passes through its N. E. part, lo6 m. from Windsor. The v. is handsomely built. Pop. of 1. 1,699. WiLLOuGHBY, t., p. v., and sta., Lake co., Ohio: 133 m. N. E. by N. Columbus. Chagrin r. flows on its E. border into Lake Ontario, which bounds it N. The v. contains 2 churches, several stores, etc. The Cleveland and Erie E. E. passes through it, IS m. from Cleveland, 77 m. from Erie. Pop. of t. 2.0S1. WiLLouGiiBT lake and river, Orleans co., Venn. : the lake in Westmoreland town is a large and handsome sheet of water, and the river, its outlet, is the principal tributary ot Barton river. Willow Cheek, p. c, Marquette county, irXw.; 70 m. N. by E. Madison. WiLixiw Creek, p. c, Lee co.,IU.: ISO m. N. by E. Springfield. Willow Ckeek, p. 0., Marion dist., S. Car. : 90 m. E. Columbia. Willow Dale, p. o., Trumbull co,, O?iio: 14.T m. N. E. Columbus. Willow Grove, p. o., Coweta co., Ga. : 104 m. W. by N Milled geville. Willow Grove, p. v., Montgomery co., Pe7in. : 90 m. E. Harrisburg. Willow Gkove, p. o., Sumter dist., S. Car. : on W. side Lynch'S cr.. 50 m. E. Columbia. Willow Island, p. o., Wood co., Vtrff. : 226 m. W.N.W. Eichmond. Willow Spring, p. o., Claiborne county, Miss. : 43 hl W. S. W. Jackson. Willow Springs, t. and p. v., Lafayette co., Wi^c. : 45 m. S. W. by W. Madison. Watered by Pckatonica r. Pop. of t. 606. Willow Street, p. o., Lancaster co., Penn.: 36 m. S. E. by E. Harrisburg, Wu-LisBoito', t. and p. v., Essex co., X. Y. : on W. side of Lake Champlain, IIS m. N. by E. Albany. 1'lie v. on Boquet r. contains several mills, etc. Pop. of v. about 500 ; of t. 1,932. Wills' Creek, p. o., Coshocton co., Ohio : on creek of same name, 65 m. E. by N. Columbus. WiLi-SEYViLLE. p. v.and8ta.,Tiogaco.,iV. Y.: on Cayuga and Susquehanna E. E.. 14 m. from Oswego, 19 miles from Ilhaca, 13S m. W. by S. Albany. W^iLL-SHiRE, t and p. v.. Van Wert county. Ohio: 93 miles W. N. W. Columbus. Drained by St. Mary's r.. on the S. bank of which is the v., containing in 1S50 147 inhabiVanls, Pop. of t. iu 1S40, 4&4; iu 1S50, 1,053. WIL ^YIL ■\ViLi.s* Point, p. o., Bentun cunty, Tom. : "'2 miles \V. Ka^hville. "WiLMrNGTON, p. v., TJn'ion co., Ark. : on 3. side nfW acliila r., 9S m. S. Little Eoek. %ViLMiNGTON, p. oily, poft of ontrv, ami one of the caps. Newcnslle en., I>el.: 13 pleasantly situated betwet-n Bran- dywinir miil Christiana ereck?, 1 ni. above tlipir I'onflui'nce, '> m. "W. Delaware r.. 3T miles N. Dover. Lat. J^D^ 41' N. ; 'on:;. To^ 'is' W. Distance by railroad from "Washington }''-^ in. ; Biillirnore, 70 m. ; IMiiladelphia, ^S m. ; New York, 115 III. lis site is pleasant and he:d(hy, on ground risint; £;r;i.|iially to the heiicht of 1I'2 feet above lide-waltT. It is n-irularly laid out, with wide streets crossinj; at rii^Iit anfjies, anive. Great water-power is afforded by the falls of the Brandywine, and improved by mills and factories of all kinds. Tho fiouring-mills are, however, the most numer- ous and extensive, and among the largest in the Union. The making of gunpowder has for many years been exten- sively carried on in the vicinity. The navigation interests of Wilmington are also large. Vessels drawing 14 feet water come to its wharves in Christiana cr., and Brandy- wine creek admits those drawing S feet water. The total toiniage of this district on Juno 30th, ISoO, was 9,4G0 tons. The register tonnage amounted to 1.G51 tons, viz., GSl tons l>erinatient, and 970 tons temporary. Tho enrolled and lieensed tonnage amounted to 7,Sit9 tons, nK>stly perma- nent, and all employed in the coasting trade, of wliich 1,420 tons were propelled by steam. During the year preceding it iiad no foreign commerce. Vessels buiit duritig the year, \C) (,12 schooners, S sloops, 1 steamer)— 1,'^49 tons. In 1S.~)2 it had among its vessels 11 steamboats— 2.(>Sl tons. The general business and prosperity of this city are steadily in- creasing. It is surrounded by a very fertile agricultural district, has great natural advantages for manufacturing, in- dustry, and trade, and its connections by railroad insure constant communication with the great cities of the nation, lis newspaper press in 1S50 consisted of "Delaware Re- publican," " Del. State Journal." each publishing tri-wcekly and weekly editions ; " Del. Gazette,'' semi-weekly and weekly ; and 2 weeklies, " Blue Hen's Chicken" (whig), atid '• Independent Delawarian" (dera.) Pop. in lSI0,4.41fi; in 1S20, 5,'2GS; iu 1S30, G.62S ; in 1S40, S,3f57 ; in 1S50, 13,'J79. An enumeration taken in 1S53 gives the following: G,oS7 white males, 7,3S9 while females, 920 colored males, l,2o7 colored females— total lCi,153. "Wjlmington, p. v., "Will CO., ///. .■ on E. side of Kankakee r., 127 ra. N. E. Springfield. ■Wilmington, p. v., Dearborn county, Iml.: on S. side of Tanner's cr., 7T m. S. E. by E. Indiannpnlis. Wilmington, t., p. v., and sla., Middlesex co,, Musfi. :. 15 m. N. W. l)y N. Boston. The t. has a level surface, light sandy soil, and i)rodiices large quantities of hops. It is crossed by the Boston aiut Lowell K. Ii. ; Boston and Ttlaine H. R. ; Salem and Lowell II. U. ; and a junction branch i:. U. The V. is small but neatly built. Pop. of t. S7fi. Wilmington, p. city, portof entry, and cap. New Ilanover county, Ji/! Car.: on Cape Fear r., near the confluence of the N. E. and N. W. branches. aI>out 35 ra. from the Atlantic Ocean ; 125 m. S. S. E. Raleigh.- Latitude 31^ 11' N. ; longitude 78° 10' W. Its site is rather low, and considered goiuewhat unhealthy. Its favorable position for trade has, however, secured a large population, and permanent busi- ness interests. In 1S19, it suffered most severely by a con- fl;igralion which destroyed 200 buildings, at a loss of over $1,0'>0,00('. It contains a court-house, jail, several churches, and 3 bank9,wilhaggregatGcap. of $1,050,000. It is lighted liy gas distilled from wood. In 1 850, its newspaper press comprised G issues, viz., "Commercial" (whig), iri-wei^kly and weekly; 2 semi-weeklies, "Aurora"' (neutral), and "Journal" (dem.); 2 weeklies, "Chronicle" (whig), and '■lieligious Intelligencer" (Bapt.). Tlie railroads euteritig Wilmington are, Wilminirton and Weldon 1;. It. (from Weldon 102 in.); and Wilmiugtftn and Manche&ter R. R. (from Manchester 15(') m.); both of which arc very important avenues of travel and trade. The harbor has a shoal at its entraiiee, but admits vessels of 300 tons. Tlie r. is divi.lcd into 3 channels by 2 islands, which are the linest rice fields iu tlie Stale. The total tonnage of tins district on June 30th, ls50, was 15,193 tons. Tlu- registered tonn:ige amounted lo 9,123 tons, consisting of 1.40G tons permanent, and 7.717 tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed tonnage amounI*-d to 0,075 tons, all pernuuient, and employed in the coasting trade, of which 2,949 tons were propelled by steam. lis foreign commerce during the year preceding, consisted of 175 clearances — 31,09S tons, and 113 entrances, 20,070 tons. Vessels built during the year, 4 (1 brig, 1 schooner, 2 steamers) — 4^.^ tons. The principal exports of Wiliuiiigton during 1S52, were ns follows: Cnastwi.'ie. Forei-ii. Total. Lumber feet .. 17.]35,SS9.. 15.201.000 ..32.330.S^9 Timber " .. 1,025,202.. 2,3S3.ftl4.. 3,409,0lG TuriK'ntine..bbls. .. G3,07I .. 33,.^9C .. 9G.GG3 Rosin " .. 320,219.. 1S,9>1 . . 339.2ii0 Tar " .. 17,522.. 2137.. 19,059 Pitch " . . 6,000 . . 1,14G . . 7,M)6 Peanuts bu*h. . . — . . — . . 9:^,255 Cotton bales. . — . . — . . 4,136 A'alue... ..f>.;i9I,5l3I.S3 .$04-^,107.74 $4,540,009 In 1S52, the number of steamboats of this port was 15 (10 high pressure, 5 low pressure), with aggregate tr:iiiK^'l l>y Black and ludUii rivir and Iht'ir branches. P'ru cro|»3 of lobacc-D and ctitlon. whicli are llic stapk-s. l,ari;e crops of whi'at and grain are ;il>o raisi-d. ami pork and bi-cf an* exporiud. Timber is almiidiint. Farms 1.9-^5: niaiiuf. 3G; dnx-ll. 8.411, and poj).— «ti. Ht.915, fr. coL 4U2, si. 7,I'J7— total 2I,4i4. CupiUd : LcbiiHon. Wilson, i. and p. o., Piscataquis co., J/<-. ; 94 m. X. by E. Augusta. Draini.'d by Wilson's cret-k. WiiJioN, p. o., Kdgeconib co., N, Cm;: 50 ni. IC. by N. Ealfigh. Wilson, p. o., Marion county, Ohio: 42 niilts N. N. W. Columi>u». Wii.snN. t. and p. o., Niagara co., JV. ]'. .• SOG m. W. by N. Alhaiiy. Interests exclusively agricultural. Surfact! generally level. Drained by small streams. Pop. in 1S4JJ, 1,753; in 1S5'I, 2,955. Wilso.n's p. o., Anderson county, Tenn. : 150 m. E. Nashville. Wilson's CnEEK, p. o.. Graves co., Ky. : on cr. of same name, 2iS m. W. S. W. Frankfort. Wilson's Cbeek, p. o., Abbeville dist., S. Car. : S3 m. W. Columbia. Wilson's T)ep6t. p. o. and sla.. Dinwiddle co., Virg. : on South Side R. E., 2S ui. from Petersburg; 3G m. S. W. Kichmonil. Wilson's Mn.L^i, p. o., Venango county, Perm. : IGO m. W.N. W. Ilarrislturg. Wilson's Station, p. o., Clinton co., Ohio: 53 m. S. W. Columbus. Wii^oNViLi-E. p. v., Shelby co., Alt.: on W. side of Coosa r., 59 m. N. by W. Montgomery. WiLSoNviLLE, p. o., Spcucer CO., Ky.: 2S m. W. S. W. Fraiiklorl. WiLsoNviLLE, p. o., Cocke CO., Tenn.: 210 m. E. by S. Nashville. WiLsoNviLLE, p. o., Highland co., Vivfj. : ISO in.W. N.W. Richmond. Wilton, t., p. v., and sta., Fairfield co.. Conn.: 54 m. 8. W. Iliirtford. Drained by Norwalk r. and branches, which atTords water-power. The v. c<^ntaina 2 churches, etc. The l>anbury and Norwalk K. R. passes Ihroush it, 7 m. from S. Norwalk, 17 m. from Danbury. Pupulution of t. 2.066. WiLT()N. t. ami p. v., Franklin co.. Me. : 27 m. N. W, by W. Augusta. Drainet! by branches of Sandy r., which flow from two hand.-ome pnnds, and aflTord water-power to various mills. Pop- of t. 1,909. Wilton, t., p. v.. anil sla., Hillsl>oro' co.. JV; /A/m/?. ; 29 m. S. 8. W. Concord. Drained by Souhegan r. and hrsinches which afford water-power. The t. ctmiains several .stone quarries. The v. is neatly built, and is llie terminus of Wilton R. R. from Nashville, 15 m. The Peterboro* and Shirley R. U. touches the 8. border of the t., where is a sia., 20 m. from Groton Junction. Pop. of 1. 1,161. Wilton, p. o., Pike county, Ark, : 96 m. S. W. by W. Little Rock. WiLTON,_t. and p. o., Saratoga county, A^. Y.: 82 m. N. Albany. Drained by a tributary of Hudson r. Surface di- versified. Interests chiefly agricultural. The Saratoga and Washington R. R. crosaes the t. Pop. 1.45S. Win< iii-ADoN, t. p. v., and sla., Worcester co., Miifis.: 54 m. W. N. W. Boslitn. Drained by Miller's r., which af- fords excellent water-power. One cotton factory contains 5,700 spindles. The t. contains several stcme quarries. The T. near the centre is neatly built. The Cheshire R. K. passes a little N. of it, IS m. from Fiuhburg, 46 m. from Bellows Falls. Pop. of t. in ls4n. 1,T54; in 1^50. 2,415. WiNtufSTER, L and p. v., LitchfiLid co., Comu : 2S m. 93G W. N. W. Hartford. Drained by Mad r.. which afP-nls great wiUt-r-pp. al)out SOO. M'lNCMESTER, p. v., Vau Burcn co., /a. : Co m. S. S. W. Iowa Cily. WiNcuKSTER, p. v., aiul cap. Clark county, Ky.: 40 m. E. by S. Frankfort. It contains the county buihlings. 2 ehurclu'S, etc. A nortli and south railroad, passing through this place, is projected. Pop. about 1,100. WiNCiiESTEB, p. v., and cap. Wajnu co., ^fi•^K.: on E. bank of Chickasawha r.. 104 m. E. S. E. Jacki-on. It con- tiiins the court-house and jail. Pop. aboul 100. WiN( II151ER. p. v., Clark co., Mo. : on a branch of Fox r., 120 m. N. I'y E. Jeffirsou Cily. WiscntsiTR. L, p. v., and sta.. Cheshire co., y. Hump. : 53 m. S. W. by W. Concord. Drained by As-huelol r.. which affords extensive water-power. The v. near the centre is very handsome, and contains 3 ctuirches, 1 bank, capital $lni>.fiOi». and several manufactories. Three principal wool- en factories run about 1,500 spindles. The Ashuelot R. R. passes through it. 13 m. from Kecne. The " Ni-rihern Ad- vocate" (free soil) is published weekly. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 2,(i05; in 1*50, S.296. WiNciiESTEii, p, v., Guernsey co., Ohio: S2 m. E. by K. Colli mbua. WiNCiiESTEU, p. o., "CTnion co., IT. Car.: 110 m. S. W. by W. Raleigh. WiNouE^TER, p. v., and cap. Franklin co , T/vni.: on small branch of Elk r., 73 in. S. S. K. Na.vhviUe. It con- tains the county buihlings, several stores, etc. The " \V. Independent" (dem.) is issued weekly. The Winehes-ter and Alabama R. R. is projected. Pop. about SOO. WiNCHE-STEi:. p. v., and cap. Frederick co.. Virf/. : 116 in. N. N. W. Richmond. It is regularly laid out. wiih str. c!s crossing at right angles, wliich are generally well paved. It contains the county buiUiings. lyceum. academy. M;isonic hall, an"! 14 churches. Its manufactures and trade are ex- tensive and increasing. The Winchester and PitlomacR. R. extends hence, 32 m., to Harper's Ferry and junction wilh the Ballimore and Ohio R. R.. The v. nisi contains the Winclicster Medical School, having 5 professors; 2 banks, with aggri'gale ca[ntal of $680,000. and 1 saviriirs' institu- tion. The " W. Republican" (whig) and the " Virginian" (dem.) are issued weekly. This place was founded in 1752, and is of consideral>le historical interest. Pop. in 1S40, S,454 : in ISoO, about 4,31)0. Winchester Centhe, p. v., Litchfield co., Conn.: 25 m. N. W. by W. Hartfonl. Wind Ckeek, p. o., Tallapoosa co., Ala. : So m. N. E. by E. Montgomery. Wi.NU Gap, p. o., Northampton eo,. P^nn. : 9ii m. E. N. E, llarrisliurg. The Wind Gap is an opening in the lllne .MonnUiin, extending nearly from the l)o|i'.m to the top. Its sides are very abrupt, and it is surrounded by roniantic scenery. The road from Easlou to Wilkestiarre .passes thn-ngh it. WiNDU.\M county, Cimn. Situate N. E., and contains 62" sq. m. Drained by Quinnebaug and Shctucket rivers and their braneho. Siirface uneven, and in sonte parts rougn and stony; soil fertile, the larger portion adapted to WIN \VIN grazinjj, while on the streams is some fine racaditw lan(i:— total !?1.()79. CapiUil: Ilrooklyti. Pir'Hc W<'rks: Norwich an.t "Worccstt-r K. l\.\ New York aud B'ist.'n (air-iine) li. K. ; Hartford, Providence, and Fislikill li. i:.- riainfleia 11. R. WiNiniAM county, Venn. Siluale S. E., and contains 70o ^q. m. Drained by Williams. West, and Saxton rivers and dicir Iribvitarics. which snpi>ly ahumlant waUr-power. Surface hilly, and in the w> st-rn portion niotuiiainous ; soil fc-nile in some parts, generally suited for pasture and the growth of grain. It has ofcdlent granite and limestone quarries. Chief products, wheal. Indian corn, etc. Tarms 3.303; manuf. 197; dwell. 5,:374. an-l im^k— wh. 29.1125. fr. col, :i7—I»iks: Yi-rniont Valley K. K.. etc. WisniFAM. t. ami p. v., Windham co., Conn.: 2S m. E. by S. Hartford. Drained by Sheiuckcl r. and bnuichcs. which afford good water-power. Tlie t. eoiilains several flourishing villages, of which Wdlirnantic is the principal. Tlie V. near the centre contains 2 churches, an ai'ademy, several stores, ami 1 bank, cap. $00,000. Pop. of t in 1S40, 3,3^2: in 1S50. 4.G86. "WiNiuiAM, U and p. v., Cumberland county, 3fe,: 47 m. 8. W. Augusta, Drained by bran<-he3 of Prcpiunpscot r., which furnish mill privileges. Interests entirely agricultu- ral. Pop. of t. 2,3S0. Windham, U. p. v., and sta., Rockingham co., K. ffamp. : 35 m. S. S. E. Concord. Watered by several ponds and bninchca of Merrimac r. The Manchester and Lawrence P. P^. crosses N. E. corner (tf the t., 15 ra. from Manchester, 12 m. from Lawrence. Pop. of t. SIS. Windham, I. and p. o., Greene co., N. Y.: 32 m. S. W. Alttany. Drained by Pataviakill or Ked Kdl cr. Surface hilly and mountainous, with intervening valleys; soil on the flats rudi and productive — the hills good grazing lauds. Hendock is abundant, and is extensively used in the tan- neries. About 2 m. apart, on Pataviakill, are the Windh.im and liiff Hollow tanneries, employing each .about 3u hands; and Windham Centre in this t. is alsoa flourishing v. Pop. oft. 2.0451. Windham, t. and p. v., Portage co., Ohio : 130 m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by branch, of Mahoning r. luteresla, agricultural. Pop. S13. Windham, t. and p. o., Rradford county, Penn.: 115 m. JJ. by E. Harrisburg. Drained by Wepassening cr., on which are grist and saw mills. Pop. of I. ahonl l.iiilO. Windham, t. and p. v., Windham co., Vtrm.: 70 m. S. Monipeher. Drained by small streams. Interests, ehielly agricultural. Pop oft 763. Windham Centre, p. v., Greene co,. K. Y.: on Eedkilt cr., 33 ni S. W. Albany. It contains the largest carpei-li:ig manufactory in the I'nion, employing a capital of ^50.000. and an extensive manufactory of wooden comtis. with u capital of $20,(11)0. It is a pretty village, the ifqiiirekill Bridge turnpike passing through it, aud has between 600 and 700 )nh:ibilant.s. Wind Hiil, p. o., Montgomery county, ^V. Car.: 72 m. W. S. W. Raleigh. WiNnniDGE, p. 0., Greene co., Penn. : 173 m. W. by S. Harrisburg. Wind Pivrr mountains, Ore{/. Ter., are a range of the Kocky nionniains, forunng in part the boundary of Oregon on the S. K.. and comprising some of the highest peaks of that great chain. Windsor county. Verm, Situate E. toward the S., and contains 91» sq. m. Drained by IMaek, Queechee, Williams', and While rivers; these supply immense water-power. Surface uneven ; soil f,Tiile, particularly along the banks of the Connecticut, wh-re fine crops of grain, \eiretables. and fruit are raised. Chief products, wheat, Indian corn, oats, and potatoes. In dilferenl parts of iheco., steatite, or soap- stone, is Ibutul. Gold is also found near Queechee r., not in wasliings. but in veins. The rock in whicli the gold ti^;J is quartz, containing also Ww. sulphurets of iron, lead, and zinc, panicles of gold l)eiiigin these as well as in the qiiarli;. This diH'overy is of recent date, and is communicate. 1 by Proieasor Hubbard, of Dartm.'Uth College. Farms 4.274; manuf. 192; dwell. 7.373, and pop. — wh. 3S,20S, Cr. eol. 112— total 35.320. CS"it t^, p. v., and sta.. Hartf-ird co.. Conn.: on W. sideof Conneciicut r., 7 m. N. Hartford. Drained by Kar- mingion r. which pa^se3 through the t. cenlMlly. au"! affords good water-power. The L contains several pleasant and liouri'liing villages. Windsor v. extends alung the bank of the Conneciicni over a mde. and is beaiitilnlly .vhathd with trees. The New Haven, Hartr..rd, and ^pringfieM H. 11. passes through it, 42 m. from New Haven. 2i» m. from Springtlcld. Pop. of t. in lS4i>, 2.2S3 ; in K'iu, 'A;i:y\. WiNDSon, t. and p. o., York county, Perm. : 32 m. S. E. Harrisburg. An agricultural township. WixDsoit. p. v., Walton co., On, ; on branch of <_)cinulgee r.. 09 m. N. W. by N. Milledge\ille. WiNDSou. p. v., Morcer co.. jV. Jer, WiNL'SOR. p. v.. i;andu!ph co., Ind. : on W. fork of White r., 53 m. E. N. E. Indianapolis. AVinhsor, t. and p. v., Kennebec county, ^ff. : 10 ni. E. Augusta. Dmiiied by Sheepscot r. It contains several mills, but its interests are chiefly agriculiund. Pojiul.uion Of t 1.793. Windsor, t. and p. o., Eaton county. J//.7/..- S m. S. W. Lansing. Drained by S. branch of Grand r. p.>p. 2.'.3. WiNDSOit. t. and j). o., Dane co., Wise. : 13 in. N. liy W. Madison. Drained by small streams flowing into Fourth lake. A proposed railroad from Madison to Portage will pass through it. I'op. SOO. WiNosou, t. jnid p. v., lierkshire co., ^f<^.■ifi. : S3 m. W.by N. Boston. Drained by branches of Westlield r. The v. eon- tains 2 churches. Pop. of t. 899. Windsor, t. and p. v., Broome eonnly, y. Y. : lOfi m. W. S. W. Albany. Drainesoit, t. and p. v., Ashtabula co.. Ohio: 14G m. N. E. Columbus. Drained by Grand r. and brandies. The town contains several mills, tamieries, etc,, and a quarry of grindstones. Pop. of 1. 1,033. Windsor, t. p. v., and sti., Windsor co.. Vrm.: on W. side of Coimeetieut r.. 54 m. S by E. Monipelier. Dramed by Mill hr., which has a fall of 00 feet in ^ m., atrorling ex- ctdlenl water-power. Surface uneven, rising in S. part into Asculney Mountain. 3.320 feet above tide-water. The town contain3 3 pleasant villages. Windsor v.. tm W. batik of Comu'cticut r., is note*! for Hk; beauty of its site au'l sur- rounding scenery. It is irregularly laid out. but well built, and contains 3 churches, a seminary, bank, capital $50,000, stores, etc. The '• Chronicle" (whig) and '■Journal"' (w hig) are issued weekly. The Stale prison, here locate80R Locks, p. v. and sla., Harlford co.. Conn. : on W. bank of Connecticut r.. 12 m. X. Hartfor.l. The locks here constructed by the Connecticut Uiver Company allow 937 WIN the passage of small steamboats and freight boats of s5 tons burden, and furnish an immense water-power, whieh, as yet, is but partially improved. The New Haven, Hartford, and Sprnn^lhUl II. II. passes along the banks of this great water privilege, having a sta. in the v., 14 m. from Spring- field, -!> fr.-m Nuw Ilaven. 'W'lND.souviLi.E, p. v., Hartford co., Conn, ■WiNEsuuiiG, p. v., Hohnea co., Ohio: SOm. N. E. by E. 0))uinbit:j. WiM-iELD, p. v., Putnam co., Virg.: 248 m. "W. by N. Ikieliinond. WiNriELD, t and p. v., Herkimer county, K K .* 74 ni. "W. by N. Albany. Drained by head branches of Unadillar. The V. and U contain several mills and manufactures. Pop. of 1. 1,481. WixFiELD, p. o., Carroll co., M(?. : SS m. E. Annapolis. ■\V INFIELD, p. v., Union county, Peinu: 40 m. N. by "W. Ilarrisburg, WiNPiEi.D, p. 0., Lake county, Ind. : 165 m. N. W. by N. Indianapolis. WiNFUiLD, p. 0., Columbia co., Ga. : 6S m. N. E. by E. Milledgeville. "WiNFiELD, p. v., Tuscarawas co., Ohio: 84 m. E. N. E. Columbus. "WiNiiALL, X. and p. v., Bennington coimty. Verm.: SO m. 8. by W. Monlpelier. Drained by Winhall r. Pop. 762. \ViNNAMAC, p. v., and cap. Pulaski co., Ind. : on W. side of Tippecanoe r., 90 m. N. by "W. Indianapolis. First set- tled in 1S30. It contains the county buildings, and an U. S. land office. The Indiana Central E. E. passes near it. Pop. about 240, "Winnebago county. III. Situate N., and contains f534 sq. m. Eock river flows through the co., by which and ils branches Kishwaukie and Pekatonica rivers it is drained. Surface undulating and diversified; soil deep mold, and very prmluctive. Staples, wheiit, grain, and tobacco Farms 919 ; manuf. 62 ; dwelL 1,979, and pop.— wh. 11,761* fr. col. 12 — total 11,773. Capital: Eockford. PitUic ^Vorks: Galena and Chicago Union E. E., and Beloit Branch E. E. Winnebago county, la. Situate N., and conttins 432 sq. m. Drained by affluents of Mankato river. Surface undulating, and is mostly prairie and timber land. Set off 6ince 1S50. WiNNEnAGo county, Wise. Situate S. E. of the centre, and contains 471 sq. m. Drained by Neenah or Fox, and Panwaggun rivers and their affluenta. Surface level and diversified, with large lakes ; soil deep mold, very pro- ductive. Farms 33S ; manuf. 32 ; dwell. 1,SS9, and pop.— wh. 10,107, fr. col. IS— total 10,125. Capital: Oshkosh. ■WiNNEUAGo, p. c. Bureau county, III.: 116 m, N. Springfield. "Winnebago lake, Wise. : lies in E. part of the State, SO in. W. Lake Michigan, between Winnebago and Calu- met counties, and in N. part of Fond du Lac county. It is S'2 miles l<*ng, with average width of 8 m. It has sufficient depth for navigation by steamboals, several of which ply from Fond du Lac to various points on the lake and Neenah river. The water is hard and clear, though rendered tur- bid by winds. Its E. shore for 15 m. is composed of a high rocky wall, which is also found on i)urtions of the W. shore. The N. shore is low, having for 8 m. a narrow sandy beach. It receives several streams, of which Neenah r. is the prin- cipal, and is its outlet into Green bay. Winnegance, p. o., Lincoln co., Me. Winneshiek county, la. Situate N. E., and contains 7."2 sq. m. Drained by Upper Iowa and Turkey r. and their branches. Surface undulating, and a largo portion prairie and timber land ; soil fertile, and favorable to the growth of wheat, grain, and potatoes. It has good pastur- age for cattle, and is well wooded. Farms — ; maimf. — ; dwell. 100. and pop.— wh. 546. Capital: Winneshiek. WiNKirisEOGEE lakc and river. X. Uarnp. : the lake 93S WIN lying between Belknap and Carroll counties is of very irreg- ular form, having an extreme length of about 23 miles, and its main portion an average width of 6 m. Its branches are also large sheets of water, and combine with the main lako to form one of the most beautiful lakes in the Union. Its shores are winding, and generally rocky, affording most de- lightful scenery. Several pleasant villages upon ils banks occupy picturesque sites. The water is remarkably clear and cold, derived extensively from springs at its bottom. It contains about 300 islands, some of which are large and very fertile, containing farms of from 200 to 500 acres, and abounds with excellent fish. This lako and vicinity have always been verj' popular resorts in summer, and by the recent construction of railroads to its shores, tlie annual number of visitors has since been very greatly increased. Its elevation above the sea is 472 feet, and thus affords to its outlets, Winnipiseogee and Merrimac rivers, abundance of water-power, used by the great factories at Manchester, Lowell, etc. WiNNiBiGOsmsn lakes, Minn. Ter. : ISO m. N. by W. St- Paul. The larger is 14 m. long and 9 m. wide. WiNKicoNN'ET, t aud p. o., Wiunebago co., TFZjSc ; 84 m. N. N. E. Madison. Pop. 1,94S. WisNiPANK, p. V. and sta., Fairfield co., Conn. : on Dan- bury and Xorwalk E. E., 3 m. from S. Norwalk, 59 m. S.W. Hartford. WiNNSBono*, p. T., Franklin par.. La. : 115 m. N. by W. Baton Eouge. WiNNSBono', p. v., sta., and cap. Fairfield dist., S. On: : on the Charlotte and S. Carolina E. E., 24 m. N. by W. Columbia. It has an elevated and healthy site, and is generally well built. The county buildings are handsome structures. It also contains 5 churches, 4 academics, and the Furman Tlieological Seminary (Baptist), founded in 1>26, which in 1S50 had 2 professors, 30 students, 30 alumni, and 1,000 volumes in library, and occupies 4 handsome buildings of granite on a pleasant location. The "Fairfield Herald" (dem.) is issued weekly, and the " Christian Maga- zine (relig.) monthly. Pop. about 1,050. Winona, p. o., Trimble co., iy. ; 83 m. N. W. Frankfort. WiNOOSKi Falls, p. v. and sta., Chittenden co., Ven/u: on N. bank of Onion river, S3 m. N. W. by W. Montpclier. Here is excellent water-power, improved by flrst-class lac- toriea, etc. A branch E. E. from Burlington to Essex Junction passes through it, 3 m. from Burlington. WiNoosKi river, Venn. : {see Onion river.) WiNSLow, p. v.. Pike co., Iiid.: on Patoka cr., 107 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. WiNSLow, t and p. v., Stephenson co., HI. : on branch of PekaUmica r., 1S2 m. N. Springfield. WiNSLOw, t. and p. v., Kennebec co., Me. : on E. bank of Kennebec r., 17 m. N. N. E. Augusta. Excellent water- power is afforded by Sebasticook r., which empties into the Kennebec at the v. opposite Walerville. The Kennebec and Penobscot E. E. will pass through this place. Pop. of 1. 1,796. WiNSLow, t. and p. v., Camden co., I^. Jer. : 33 m. S. Trenton. Drained by Great Egg Harbor r. and a branch of Little Egg Harbor r. The L contains several Bcttlements. Pop. of 1. 1,540. WiNSTED, Litchfield co., Conn. : (see Wf.6t WiNSTEn.) Winston county, Miss. Situate N. F.;?entrally, and con- tains 71S sq. m. Drained by head branches of Pearl r. and aflluents of Noxubee r. Surface level, and somewhat ele- vated, presenting the appearance of table-land ; soil a deep rich mold, and very fertile; it produces in abundance cotton and Indian corn, and is favorable to the cultivation of (Vuit, peaches, melons, and grapes. It is traversed by numerous str'^ams of pure running water. Farms 556; manuf. 18: dwell. S56, and pop.— wh. 5,173, fr. col. 10, si. 2,763— total 7,956. CapiUil: Louisville. Winston, p. v., and cap. Forsyth co., 2^. Car.: 101 m. W. N. W. Ealeigh. It contains the county buildings. WIN ■WIS , Alk-ghany co., Md. : 142 m. AV. by N. , UauJoIpb CO., Ala. : ?5 m. N. E. by N. , 'Weakley county, Teun. : 107 miles "W. ■ SG m. E. )m. TT. WlNSTilN, p, Annapolis. "WlNSTOX, p. MonlgDriiLTV. "Winston", p, Nasliville. WiNTKK IIai;doe, p. o., Hancock county, J/e. Auiriisln, ■WiNTKRPorK, p. 0., Chesterfield co., Mrg. WiNTKi: Seat, p. o., Abbeville disL, *?. Car. Columbia. WiNTKr.sET, p. v., and cap. Madison co., In. : 122 m. W. by S. Iowa City. It contains the county buiblinirs. WixTBr;sviLLE, p. v., JelTeraou co., O.'t io : 1*20 m. E. by N. Cobinibus. AYiNTEP-sviLLE, p. o., Decatur county, Ltd.: 45 m. S, E. Indianapolis. WiNTiiitop, p. o., Middlesex co., Co}}7i. ■WiNTiiROP, p. 0., Kane county, JIL : 150 m. N. N. E. Springfield. Wtnthrop, t. and p. v., Kennebec county, Mt\: 10 m. W. by S. Augusta. Drained by Cobbeseconte r., flowing through ihe large ponds in E. part of t. The v. is situated at the S. end of the North Lake, the outlet of which affords water-power. The Andr4^. i^iluate N. W. and contains 20G sq. ni. lJr;uri- ed by Little Kanawha r. and its tributaries. Surlace niuih broken ; si.il in general fertile. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. EarmsUdll; niatiuf. 7; dwell. 52S, and pop. — wh. 3.310. fr. cnl. 2. si. 32— total 3.353. Capital: Win C. II. Piihlic Wofl-s: North-we.-teni 11. K. "WiuT, t. iuvi p. o., Allegluiny co., A''. Y. : 230 m. W. by ;?. Albany. Drained by small creeks. Interests cliiefiy agri- cultural. Pop. 1,544. "WiiiT C. n.. p. v., and cap. "Wirt co., Vinj. ; on S. W. bank of Little Kanawha r., 232 m. W. N. W. Pachmond. It contains the county buildings, etc. ^V^;T College, p. v., Sumner co., Temi.: 30 m. N. E. Nashville. "WiscAssETT, I., p. v., port of cntrj', and cap. Lincoln co,, Me. : on "W. bank of Sheepscot r., 22 m. S. S. E. Augusta. The V. has an elevated and very beautiful site, and contains the county buildings, several chnrehcs, 1 bank, capital $50,000, and many handsome dwellings. It is one of the most important seaports in the Slate, being largely engaged in the coasting trade, fisheries, ship-building, etc. Its for- eign commerce is not so extensive as formerly. Tlie total toiuiage of this district on June 30th, 1S50, was 1^,241 tons. The registered ttmnage amounted to G,it24 tons, of which 4,743 tons were ])ermanent, and 1,27G tons temporary. Tlie enrolled and licensed tonnage amounted to 12,217 tons, consisting of 5,540 ions in the coasting trade, G,002 tons in the cod fishery, 2G tons " licensed under 20 tons" in coast- ing trade, and 359 tons "licensed under^20 tons'' in the cod fishery. At that date it had no steam tonnage. Its foreign commerce during the year preceding, consisted <»f 23 clearances — 4,509 tons, and 4 entrances — 1,025 tons. Vessels built during the year IS (4 ships, 4 brigs, 10 schouu- crs)— 2,535 tons. Pop. of t. 'J,313. THE STATE OF WISCONSIN. "Wisconsin embraces all of Ibat portion of the northwest territory lying north of Ihe parallel of 42^ 50' north latitude, and west of Lake Jliehigan, excepting the L'ppcr Peninsula of Michigan, and that part of Minnesota lying east of Uio Missis'^ipjii Piver. It Is l>ounded north by Minnesota and Michigan ; northeast and east by Lake Michigan ; sonndary of the State of Illinois, to tlie place of beginning." Its greatest extent north and s<»uth is 2^5 miles, and east and west 255 miles. lis lancl area is 53,924 square miles. The natural feature peculiar to Wisconsin, s.ays J. W. Hunt, Esq.. in his Gazetteer of Ihe State, published 1S53, is the uniformity of its elevation, and shape of its surface, which is neither mountainous, hilly, nor flat, but gently undiilalmg. The country west of Sugar Piver and south of the Wisconsin is somewhat broken, principally by the dividing ridge upon ■which the ro.ad from Madi-son to Prairie du Chion passes. In this section, known as the Mines, are several peculiar elevations called Mounds. West of the Wisconsin Piver is n range of high hills, being the only elevations in the Slato cither deserving or assuming the { (he linibered land is less rich than tin- prairie, not so deep, and enntains Irss carbonate of litni-, which enters into tlie coinposititm of the latter in the propnrtion of from 2U to 4b per cent The minini; ro{;ion, unlike Hint of any other mineral disirict. protnises a liberal reward, as well to the farmer as to the miner. The soil of the evergreen disiriei is mostly sandy, and not so rich as in oihtT portions of tlic State. It is ncverlhehtss well adapted to agriculture and ^Ta/Aag. The j>ritirif.-i of Wisconsin are not so e.vrensive as those of other States, and are so skirted and belted by timber, thai Ihey are well aw level prairie, or natural meadow, of moderate extent, is so generally distributed over the face of the conidry, that tlie seld.r on a fine section of arable laud finds on his own farm, or in his immediate neigh itorhood. abundant pasturage fur his stock in stimmer, on the open range; and liay for Ihe winter for thf eulliuir — ihe bounty of Nature supplying his need in this behalf till the cultivated grasses may be introduced and become sufficient for his use. The limestone underlying the coal fields of Illinois forms the immediate basis of the aUuvicm of Southern Wisconsin. This geologi.-al district, in aiidilion to that p, the eagle or crane, or to the turtle or lizard. One n-preacnting the human form, near the lilue Mounds, is, according to II. C. Taylor, K>q., 1211 feet in lenglh; it lies in an east and west direction, Ihe head toward the west, wilh Ihe arms and legs extended. The body or trunk is 30 feet in breadth, the heail 25. and its elevation above the general eurfacf of the prairie is about 6 feet. Its conformation is so distinct that there can be no possibility n( mistake in assign- ing it lo the human figure* A mound at Trairieville. repre.senting a turtle, is about 5 feet high, the body is56 feet in lenglh , it represents the animal with iis legs extended and its feet turned b.ickward. It is lo be regretted that this interesting mound is now m-arly destroyed. The ancient w.-rks are f amd in all parts of the territory, but are most abumlanl at Azialan. on R-ick Kiver, near the Blue Mounds, ahmg the Wisconsin, the Neeiudi. and the Pishlaka rivers, and near Lake Winnebago. The mounds are generally scattered about without any apparent order or arrangement, but arc occasionally arranged in irregul.ir rows, the animals appearing as if drawn up in a line of march. An insl.mce of this kind is seen near tlu' road, seven uiiU-s east frum the Blue Mounds, in Iowa County. At one place near ihe Four Lakes it is said that one hundred tumuli, of various shapes and dimensions, may be countod— those representing animals being among others that are round or oblong. Fragments of ancient pottery of a very rude kind are «»fien fumd in various localities. They were formed by h.md, or molded, as their appearance shows evidenlly that these vessels were m»t tunu'il on a " pott, r's wheel." Parts of the rim of vessels, usually ornamented with small notches or figures, are most abundant. A mound is said to have been discovered near CassviHe, on the Mississippi, which is supposed lo npresent an animal having a trunk like the elephant, or the now extinct mastodon. ShouM this prove true, it will show that the people who uKi'le these animal earth-works, were coiemporaries wilh that huge monster whose bones are slid oL-casion- ally found ; or that they had then but nu-ently emigrated iriim Asia, and had not lost iheir knowledge of the elephant The salubrity of the climate (Mr. Lapham is again quoted), the purity of the atmosphere and of the waier, which is usually obtained from copious living springs, the coolness and short duration of summer, and the dryness of the air dur- ing winter, all conspire l(» render \Visci)nsin one nf the mo«t healthy portions of the I'nited Stares. The wei meadows, marshes, imd swamps are constnnlly supplied with pure water from springs; and as they are nt>l exposed during summer to a burning heal, they do not send forth those ntixious aniiug and prairie, and may llierefnre be considered as already cleared. The removal of the few remaining •• burr oal. Cnpitala. 2.. Willow Kivcr ..Baraboo ..Slieboygaa ..Elkhoni . .Ozaukee . .'Waukt'sha ..Oshkosli Kock 3,61S. .20,703. .1,965. .125. . Janesville The whole number of dwellings in tlie State was, at the above date, 56.316; of families, 57,G0S; and of inhabitants' 8ii5,191 ; viz.. wliites 304,565— males 164.221, and females 140,344 : fr. cnl. 620— males 305, and females 201. Ol llie whole population there were, deaf and diunh—wh. 05, fr. col. 0— total 65; hlhid—y/h. 50. fr. col. 0— total 50; inmiit's\h. 4S. fr. col. 0— total 4S ; and idiotic — wh. 76, fr. col. 1 — total 77. The number of free persons born in the Unite6 930 ; hands employed, 22S ; average monthly wages, $20 73; products of the year— caslinga 1,342 tons, and, incUiisissippi. The exports and ini- ports at the lake ports are shown under the head of Lake Michigan. The chief ports of the Mississippi are I'rairie du Chien, Cassville, etc., and the exports from those are chiefly mineral. The internal couunerce of the Slate is carried on with great activity, radiating from tlio principal commercial towns to every portion, aud large supplies arc needed in the nortliern pineries, which supply so valuable a material to general commerce. The internal impriivenu-nla of Wisconsin are more prospective than existing, butg^^at progress has been made in building railroads, one of wliieh will extend along the lake shore from Chicago to Fotul du Lac, and other roads diverge from Chicago, Milwaukie, etc., toward the Mis- sissippi, centering at Madison. A line will also extend from the latter point to Portage City on the nrirlh, and to Eeloit and Janesvllle on tlie soutli, and these will he carried to a junction with the Galena and Chicago Union K. K. The only line yet comi)lele is that from Milwaukie to Madison, which, under the name of Milwaukie and Mississippi U. 11., will Btretch across the Stale. The impro\ement of Fox and Wisconsin rivers is in progress, with the intention ultimately of connecting the rivers by a canal, and tlms giving uninterrupted navigation from the lake to the Mis.-'issippi. Baniys. — The only banking institutions of the State, of which the names are known in (he markets are, Uie Milwaukie Bank, Eichmond's Exchange Bank, and the Wisconsin Marine aud Fire Insurance Company, all at Milwaukie. Tho State constitution does not recognize banks of any description. Government — The constitution now lu force was adopted in convention on the 1st Febniary, 1S4S: and approved by the people at tJie election held in April following. All males 21 years old, residents of the Slate for one year next before the election, who are white citizens of the United States, or white foreigners who have declared their intention to become such citizens, or persons of Indian blood once declared by the laws of the United States to be citizens, subsequent laws to the contrary notwithstanding, or "civilized persons of Indian descent" not members of a tribe, are entilled to vote at all elections; and tho right of suITrage may be extended by a law approved by a majority of votes at a general election. The exceptions refer to incompetent persons and those cf)nvieied of treason or crime. The general elections are held ou the Tuesday after the first Monday in November annually. The Legi-shtiure consists of an Assembly and Senate. Members of the Assembly (in number between 54 and 100) are chosen annually, and Senators (not more than one-lhird nor less than one-fourlh tho number of Assemblymen) arc chosi-n for two years, one-half each year. Both nmst be qualified voters in their districts. An apportionment is made after each federal census and after each decennial State census, the first of which will be taken in 1&55. The Legislature meets at Madison on tho first Monday of January annually. The Governor shall be a qualified voter and citizen of the United States, and is cliosen for two years by a plurality of votes, and if there be no choice the Legislature shall, by joint ballot, choose one of the persons ha\'ing the. highest equal number of votes. In default of the governor, his duties are discharged by the Lieutenant-governor, who is chosen with the sjime qualification and for the same term as the governor. He is er-ojicio President of tho Senate. If the lieulenant- govenior defauUs, then the Secretarj* of State fills the office. The governor's fetv may be defeated by a vote of two- thirds of the members present in each house. Tho Judiciary Is comprised in a Supreme Court, Circuit Courts, County Courts, and Justices of tho Peace. Justices of the Peace are elected in the several towns, hold oflice two years, and have jurisdiction throughout their counties in civil matters when the debt or damages claimed do not exceed $UiO. A county court is established in each county, and the judge is elected by the voters of the county for tho term of four years; his court lias juri.sdiction concurrent with tho circuit courls in all civd action.s arisins within the county, and in civil actions originating out of the county, when tho damages claimed arc not more than $500, aud exclusive ap])ellate jurisdiction In all cases of appeal or ajrfloarl from 943 WISCONSIN. justices of the piMco, also probiite powers ami jurisdiolion. The Stale is divided int>i six judicial rireuils. iht- voters of each of which vk-ct a judge f<»r six yt-ars. The circuit courts have general ori^iDal jurisdiclicm in actions civil and criminal at law and ojuily within their circuits. The supreme court is compi-aed of the judyies of the circuits, one of whom is i-IiH-tt'd by the oth.-r judi;es Chief Justice. Kxtrt-pt the power to i?*sue writs of maufhunm^ quo ■warrtinU^f and the like, Ibis court li:i* app^dhilt* jurisdiction oidy. and is the court of hist resort. There can be no trial by jury in this court TribunuiS of citnciiation may bu eslablishtd, and in every organized county ihe Legislature may H|.]ioint one or more pcrso]js m ilh pow.'is not exccedinj; tho-o of a circuit judge at chambers. Sheriffs, coroners, registrars of deeds. tiUd (iisirJcI attorneys nn* chosen by the pi opie for two years. Auuitj; ;he miscellaneous |irvvisions of the consdlution are the following: no lottery or divorce can be granted by the Lcgislalun- : taws shall lie passed providing a way for suing the State ; the credit of the Stale shall n-v.-r be lent, nor shall :iny deNt be conlracled nor money paid for inienial improvements, unless the Slate hold Iru.si pr"[>qualify a witness, etc. Amendments to the constitulitm, agreed to by a majority of racmbera of both houses, shall be pul»li»hed for throe months before the next election, and referr<-d to the Legislature then chosen; and if again approved by aiu-h m:jji>rity, shall be sul)mitteil to the people, A convention may be called in like manner. Fefieral li^prenentttum.—'Wiscnnsmy in accordance with the apportionment act of the 23rd May, 1S50, has three rep- reseulatives in the United Slates Congress. The miUtia force of the State as reported to the Adjutant-General of the United States army consists of 32.203 men of all arms, of which 1.8i)4 are commissioned officers, and 30,399 non-commissioned ofli^-ers, musicians, artificers, and pri- vates. Of the cummissioned ofllcers, 9 are general officers, 31 general staff officers, 212 field officers, etc., and 1,553 com- pjiny officers. Till' princi[)al benevolent in fit itutirm of the State is the Asylum for the Education of the Blind a* Janepville, a tax of one-fllleenth of a mill ou every dollar of lax.ihle properly in the State is levied for ita aid. It was opened 1st August, 1S50, and on the ISih December. 1^51. had S pujjils— 6 boys and 2 girls. Annual cost of support, .$l.S3il. Finnnce-% Deht, etc—ThQ tolal receipts for the year ending 31st Deceml>er, 1850, amounted to $93.SS9 53, and the expenditures to $62,746 20, The t*)tal receipts since the ori;anization of the State governm'-nt had been lo date, $16t>.21S 53, and the total expenditures, $152,909 01— excess of receipts, $7.24S 92. The chief sources of revenue are taxes and the sales of lands. Tlic ]>riiieip:il expenditures are those — for salaries of executive and judicial officers, ly,592 38; legislative expenses, $14,3(19 5S; printing, $S,793 44; State convicts (there being no prison), $3,093 52; mis- cellaneous (including revision of statutes in 1849), $10,350 59. There is a territorial ileht of $12,892 75, which wouhl be due in June, 1851. iStdiUt/cs of EiJucation. — The superintendent of public instruction reported the capital of the school fund ns amount- ing on the 1st June, 1S5I, to $.538,094 41. which at 7 per cent, interest yielded an annual revenue of $37,606 Gl. This had been derived from sales (»f school-lands in 1849 and 1850, from the 5 per cents.; and from fines. It is expected that $5,301,943 44 will be eventually realized from the sales of the school-lands. The sum of $47,416 77 was. Jan. Isl., 1851, in the treasury, 10 be apportioned among the several towns, which would give about ^Q cent-s Pir each child attending school. For the year eiuting August 1st, 1S50, out of 2,105 districts, l,70i>. and out of 764 part districts, O.'jO had reported schools. In the districts reported, each school had been taught on an average 4.96 months, and all rec ived $05 604 26 of public money. Out of 92.047 children between the ages t»f 4 and 20. 61,597 attended sdiouls, and 1.02ii under 4. and 688 over 20, also attended. Average wages to teachers — male $17 14, and fem:ile $9 02. Tlure were at the date indic.-ded 85 school-hoiises of brick, 51 of stone, 568 of logs, and 54m framed, ati.l all valued at $173,240 67. The highi-st valuation of any school-house was $5,000, and the lowest, 5 cents. There were also in the State 87 private or select schools, with an average of 75 pupils. The Stale University is located at Madison ; it was founded in 1S4S. and is well endowed. The Eeloit College was tbunded in 1846. and in 1850 had 6 professors, ami 25 students ; and its library contained about 2,000 volumes. These institutions promise to he of csenlial utility when their organization is perfected. Pnhlic Lihrm. ..23,717. V,,hif of l>n,|»rly. .{66,035 Lolhcran ... IS . . Mennonile. . . — . . . 5,000.. .. 13,650 Tunlier — . . Union 1 .. . 400.. .. 800 Methodist... 54 .. .15,003. .. 62,430 TTnitjirian — . . — .. .. _ Mr)r:iviali — . . . — .. .. — Univcrs:ilist . . 1 . . . SOO.. .. 8,000 Presli) k-ri.in . 21 .. .5,000.. .. 35,300 Minor Sccla . . — . . . — .. .. — WIS WOL -*-makiiig a tntal of 244 churches, having iK-cominoiIntitm for 7S,45l) persons, and valuoil at $350,600. Wisconsin forma a missioniiry ilioceao of the Prulcstarit Epi8cop:il Church, and conipriscs the Roman Culholic diocese of Milwuukic. Pauperism itnd Crhiu\ — The whole number of pinipcrs who rei-cived support within the year ending 1st -Iiine, ISiiO, was 600, of whicli number 1(39 wore native, and 4'.>T foreifjn born ; and the wlmle number ol'paujiorsat the dale specitii-t wasSSS, of which 73 were natives, and Kit) foreigners. Cost of support williin the year, $14,743. A State prisun h:i^ just been erected at Waupun,in Fond du Lac Counly, IlisUiricut SArMi* — "Wisconsin was first vit^ited by French missionaries in 1G60, in October of which year Mesnan! reached Che-goi-me-gon, on Lake Superior. In 1672. Aioues and Dablon visited Green IJay. arni the country l)elwei-n the Fox Ui\ er and the south end of Lake MichiG:an. In the year following, on the I3ih of May. Manpiette, a Jesuit mis- sionary, and Joliet, an agent of tlie government of France, with live oiher Frenelimen, emliarked irom (heir mission, near Mackinac, anil arrived at Green Bay. where they found an Indian village and procured guides to accompany Iheni up Fox liiver to tlie Portage with tlie Wisconsin. They descended this river to its mouth, wliere they arrived on the 17th of June, 167.3, and made the first discovery of the Upper Mississippi Kiver. The Territory remained under the govern- inenl of the French, who claimed it, nntil 1763, when, at tlio treaty of Paris, it was ceded to Great Britain, wlio retained it until tlie In7, a government was provided for the Territory north-west of the Ohio liiver, which tt^rritory was divided into two separate governraeuts, the western called Indiana, by an act passed May 7th, ISOil, An act dividing the Indiana Territory and organizing Illinois, wiis passed and approved February 3d. IsiiH. By the act of Congress to enable the peojjle of Illinois to form a State government, aj)proved April ISth, ISIS, all tlial portion of said territory north of the pnrallel of latitude 42° 30' west of the middle of Lake Michigan, was attached to the Territory of Michigan, which hud been set off from Indiana in 1S05. In 1835. Michigan having assumed a State government. John S. TTorii'-r, Secretary and Acting Governor, convened a session of the Legislature, at Green Bay, from the remainder of said Territory. No business was transacted, except tlie passnge of several memorials to Congress, among whicli was one asking fir the organization of the Territory of Wiscon- sin, with the seat of government at Cassville, on the Mississippi. An act establishing tlie Territorial government of Wisconsin, was p.ossed and approved April 2nth. 1?.j6, and llie Terri- tory fully organizcil July 4th, IS^J*). On the 12th of June, 1SZ% an act was passed dividing the Territory of Wisconsin, anil establishing that portion on the west side of the Mississippi (which had been allached to Michigan in 1334) into a separate government, under the name of Iowa. In 1S36, Governor Dodge, by proclamation dated Sept. 9lh, convened the Legislature at Belmont, now in Lafayette County, on the 25lh day of October in that year. The second session was held at Burlington, now in the State of Iowa, November (Uh, lSo7, at which session the seat of government was located at Madison, where the first session of the 2d Legislative Assembly of Wisconsin was held November 26lh, ls3S. A Convention was held at Maiiison, October 5tli, 1S46, for the purpose f>f drafting a State constilullon, which was adopted in conventitm, Deceml>er lOtb, 1S46, but rejected by the people at the election held on the first Tuesday in April, 1^47. A second convention was held December ICtii, 1S47. and a constitution agreed to February 1st, ISiS, whicli was ai'il. IS— total 9.157. Capital: Perrysbiirg. Puhlie Works : Toledo and Fort Wayne E. E. ; Wabash and Erie Canal. Wood county, Tex. Situate toward the N. E., and con- tains 1,046 sq. m. Drained by Sabine r. and its branches. Lake Fork, Big Sandy cr., and other small streams. Sur- face undulating and diversified ; soil fertile, and is adapted to cotton, corn, and other agricultural productions. Tlicre is a considerable quantity of pine timber on the land, and some prairie. It contains some springs of excellent water, and has some few minerals. CapiUd : Quitman, Wood county, Virg. Situate N. W.. and contains 476 sq. m. Drained by Little Kanawha river and its branches. Surface hilly and broken ; soil fertile, adapted to grain and grazing. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn, with to- bacco, etc. Farms 640 ; manuf. 24 ; dwell. 1,554, and pop. — wh. 9,uuS, fr. col. 69, si. 373— VUal 9,450. Capital : Park- ersburg. Puldic Works: North Western li. K. WoonHEREY, p. v., Butlcr CO., Ay. ; 110 m. S. W. by W. FrankforL WooDBEBRY, p. v., Mcrriwether co., Ga.: on W. side of FHnt r., 81 ra. W. Milledgevilie. WooDuiNE, p. v. and sta., Carroll co., Md.: on Baltimore 946. and Ohio E. E., 3S miles from BalUmore, 5o miles N. W, Annapolis. WooDiti.vE, p. 0., Whitley county, JTy. .• 107 m. S. S. E. Frankfort. WooDnouRNE, p. v., Stdlivan co., ^\ T.: on E. bank of Nevpfsink r., 74 ra. S. W. by S. Albany. WouPBoUBNE, p. v., Knox county, Term.: 16S m. E. Nashvdle. WooniiRiDGE, p. v.. Cedar co., Ia, WooDiiRiDOE, t. and p. v., Middlesex co., N. Jer.: sg m. N. K. Trenton. The t. contains several flmirishing villages, with p:irt of Eahway v. The New Jersey U. li. passes through iL Woodbridge v., 3 ra. S. Eahway. contains a church, several stores, etc. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 4,S21: in 1850, 5,141. WoouuuRN, p. v.. Burke county, Ga. : on Mill cr., 6S m. E. by N. Milledgevilie. WooPBUEN, p. v., Macoupin county, III. : 54 m. S. S. W. Springfield. WooDBiKN, p. o., Warren county, Xy. ; 120 m. S. W. Frankfort. WooDBi-RT. t. and p. v., Litchfield county, Conn. : 31 m. W. S. W. Uarlford. Draiiicd by Poniporaug r. and branches, which unite near the v., and aff'ord waler-powtr to woolen factories, and other mills. The v. is neatly built, and con- tains 3 churches, several stores, etc. Pop. of t. 2,150. WooDiti-RY. p. v., Cumberland county. III : a branch of Embarrass r., 82 ra. E. S. E. Springfield. The National road passes through it. WooDiiuRT, p. v., Hamilton county, Iiid.: 20 m. N. E. Indianapolis. WooDitu ay, sta., Baltimore co., Jild.: on Baltimore and Susquehanna E. E., 3 ra. N. Baltimore. Woodbury, p. v., Wright county. Mo. : on Osage fork of Gasconade r., S4 nL S. S. W. Jefferson City. WooDRCEY, p. v., and cap. Gloucester co., y. Jer. : S3 m. S. W. by S. Trent<)n. It contains a fine brick court-house, fire-proof county offices, stone jail, an academy, several stores, and 3 churches. The " Constitution '• is issued weekly. AVoodbury cr. flows on N. side of the v., and is boatable U> this place. Pop. about 900. WooDiJURY, p. v., Wood county, Ohio: 94 m. N. N. W. Columbus. Woodbury, t. and p. v.. Bedford co., Penn. : 75 m. W. llarrisburg. Drained by Yellow cr. and branches, which afford water-power to nuraerous flouring and saw mills. Iron ore is here found, and smelted by several furnaces. Pop. of t. about 4,U00. Woodbury, p. v., and cap. Cannon county, 7>»«. .- 42 m. S. E. by E. Nashville. It has a good site, and is drained by a branch of Stone's ex. of Cumberland r. It contains the county buildings, several stores, eta Pop. about 200. Woodbury, t. and p. v., Washington co.. Verm.: 17 m. N. E. by N. Montpclier. Watered by nuraerous j)onds, and branches of Lamoille and Onion rivers. Poj). of t. 1,070. Woodcock, t. and p. v., Crawford co., Pcnu.: 187 m. N. W. by W. llarrisburg. Drained by Woodcock creek. The t. contains a large number of mills and other manufac- turing establishments. Pop. about 2.000. Woodford eounly, III. Situate N. centrally, and con- tains 532 m. Mackinaw r., a tributary of Illinois r., drains the eastern portion, and other branches of same river the N. and W. Surface undulating; soil fertile. Staples, wheat and grain. The W. is bounded by the Illinois, which in this part opens into a broad basin. Farms duIj ; manuf. 14; dwell. 747, and pop.— wh. 4.416, fr. col. 0— total 4,416. Capital: Metamora. Public Works: Central Illinois E. E. Woodford county, Kt/. Situate N. E. centrally, and contains 141 sq. m. Drained by branches of Kentucky r., which bounds it on the W. Surface level ; s<»il a flue deep vegetable loam and very productive. Staples, tobacct, wheat, and Indian com. FarmsSSQ; manuf. 93; dwell. 1,053, woo woo end pop.— wh. 5.SS2, fr. col. 105. si. 0,376— tolal VJ,423. Oipitdl : Versailles. J'uhlic Worki : Lexington an8 and small streams. Top. 423. "VN'oopfued's sla., Cumberland county, Me. : on Tork and Cumberland R. R., 2 m. W. Fortlaud. Wood Gbove, p. o., Morgan CO., Ohio: CO m. E. by S. CoUuubus. W''^1 : in IS50, 1,769. WooDUL"LL, t. and p. o., Shiawassee co., Jl/'c/t. : 10 ro. E. N. E. Lansinc:. Drained by branches of Looking Glass river. Pop. in lS-10, U7: in 1S50. 259. WooPiNGTON, p. o., Darke county, Ohio : 84 m. W. CoUimbns. WooDLA-XD, t. and p. o.. Barry county, JficJi. : 2S m. W. Lansing. Drained by ereeks of Grand r. Pop. 377. WoooLAND, p. o., Barren counly, Ky. : 95 m. S. W. by S. Frank fort. Woodland, p. o., Clearfield co., Penn.: 95 m. W. N. "W. llarrisburcr. WooPLAND. P.O., East Feliciana par., La.: 29 m. N. Iiy E. Baion Rouge. Woodlands, p. o., Marshall county, Tlrg. : on E. side of Ohio r., 232 m. N. W. Richmond. WooDLAWN, p. v., Dallas county, Ala. : 40 m, W. N. W. Montgomery. WooDLAWN", p. o., Murray county, Ga. : 15S m. N. W. Milledgeville. WooPLAWN, p. o., Itawamba county, Miss. : 105 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. WooDLAWN, p. 0., Washita co., Ari:: 92 m. S. S. W. Litile Rock. WooDLAWx, p. v., Cecil co., Mj. : on S. side of Green r., SO m. S. W. Frankfort. Wood's Station, p. o., Walker co., Ga. : 172 m. N. W. MilledgeviUe. Woodstock, t. and p. v., Windham co., Conn. : 30 m. E. N. E. Harlford. The t. lias a hilty surface. Drained by several streams, of which Mu'My brook affords water- power. It contains 3 villaces. each pleasant and flourish- ing, and haviug some manufaelurcs. Wootlstoek v., in S. E. part of t.. ha.s an elcvatetl site, and is ucally built Pop. of t. in 1^0, 3.053 ; in 1S50, 4.030. WooDSTo«"K, p. v., Cherokee county, Ga. : on branch of Etowah r.. luS m. N. W. Milledgevillo. Woodstock, p. v., and cap. M'Ueiiry co., 7^/. .• 137 m. N. N. E. Springtield. It is situated in a pleasant grove, near a small brook, and contains the county buildings. WooDSTorK, t. and p. v., Oxford counly, Mf. : 37 m. W. Au«:usta. Drained by l>ranch of Little Androscoggin r., and by several large ponds. Surface partly mountainous. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence R. R. passes through its S. W, part, havin.i; a station at Bryant's Pond, 62 m. from Portland. Pop. of t. 1,U12. Woodstock, p. v. and sta., Howard county, MJ. : on Baltimore and Obio U. R., 25 m. from Baltimore, 29 ni. N. W. by N. Annapolis. Woodstock, t. and p. v., Lenawee county, Mich.: 4S m. .S. by E. Liinsing. Watered by head branches of liaisin river, several ponds, and a lari;e lake on ils S. border. In- terests mainly agricultural. It contains flouring mills, tlie annual product of which, as valued iu 1S50, is $90,-365. Pop. in 1^40, 074; in IV.O, 949. Woodstock,!, and p. o., Grafton co., X, TTarnp.: 54 m. N. by W. Concord. Surface mountainous ; drained by Pemieewassett r. Pop. 41;>. Woodstock, t. and p. v., Ulster county, N". Y.: 45 miles S. S. W. Albany. Surface mountainous; drained by Sagh- kiU er. The v. contains 2 ehurehes. Pop. of t. 1,650. Woodstock, p. v., Champaign co., Oldo: 30 m. N.N.W. Columbus. Pop. 205. Woodstock, sta., Windsor county, Tenyi.: on Vermeil Central R. R., 17 ra. from Windsor. 60 ni. from Monlpelier. Woodstock, t„ p. v., and cap. Win-lsor county, Wnn. : 45 m. S. by E. Montpelier. Drained by Oita Queeehee r. and its branches, which alf.ird water-j^ower. The v. in N. part of the t. is very pU-a-vanl, and conlains a beauliful pub- lic ffreen. Tbe courl-liouse is one ofilie best edifices of the kind in New Kngland. R al.-^o contains :> ehurcbe.s. 1 bank, cap. $6u.0O0. and ibe Vermont .^^edieal College, founded in 1S35. which in 1^50 had 7 profrssors. 9u .studenl-s, ami 333 graduates. The " Mercury" (wbic:), and "Tbe Age" (dem.) are issued weekly. I'op. of L 3,041. Woopr^TocK. p. v., and cap. Sliennndnab county. Vir(i,: 1(16 miles N. W. by N- Richmond. It e.onlaius Ilie county buildings, 4 churches, an academy. The "Tenth Legion" (dem.) is issued weekly. Pop. about 1,000. WoonsTocK Mn.iii, p. o., N.assau co., Flor.: on S. side of St. Mary's r., 142 m. E. by N. Tallaliassce. WooPSTOWN, p. v., Salem co., A' J^^r.: on N. side of Salem cr., 4$ m. S. W. by S. Trenton. It conLiins aeveni stores, and 3 churches. Valuable beds of marl are in the vicinitv. Pop. about 750. 94T woo WOR WooDaviLT-E, p. 0., Mercer co., iV'. Jer. : 11 m. N. N. "W. Trenlon. WooDVALE, p. o., Fayette co., Perm. : 146 m. W. by S. Harrisbur^. WooDviKW, p. o., Morrow co., Ohio: SG ni. N. Columbua. WooDViM.K, p. v., and one of the caps. .IncUaon c-ounty, Ala. : 5S ni. N. Montgomery. The Memphis and Charles- Ion E. K. will pass near it. WooDviLLE, p. v., Litcbfitld counly, Con7i. : 32 m. W. HarllrmJ. ■WoonviLLE, p. v., Adama county, J^L : S'i m. W. by N. Bprinirfield. WooDviLLE, p. v., Jackson co.. Im?.: on branch of E. fork ol White r., 02 m. S. Indianapolis. ■WooDviLLE, p. o., Haywood co., 'Jenn. : 14C m. W. by S. Nashville. WooDviLLE, p. v., Middlesex co., Sfdss. WooDviLLE, p. v., and cap. Wilkinson co., Miss, : 105 m. S. W. b-y S. Jackson. It contains the connty buihlings, 3 churches, 2 academies, etc. The West Fdiciana K. l;. ex- tends hence to Bayou Sara, on llie Mississippi river, 20 ni. The "W. Republican'' (dem.). and " Wiikinsoa Whii;" are issued weekly. Pop. about 900. WooDviLLE, p. v., Macon co., Mo. : on S. fork of Salt r., 73 in. N. Jefferson City. WooDviLLE, p. v., Jefferson county, K. Y. : on S. side of Sandy or., 14T m. N. W. by W. Albany. It contains several mills and stores, with a church. Pop. about 200. WoonviLLE, sta., Queens county, A'. 1'. ; on Long Island E. E., 9 m. from New York. WooDviLLE, p. v., and cap. Tyler co„ 7*^.11. .■ on W. side of Turkey cr., 200 m. E. by N. Austin City. It contains the county buildings. WooDTiLLE, p. v., Perquimans CO., J\''.(7«r.; on W. side of Little r., 126 m. E. N. E. Raleigh. WooDViLLE, t. and p. v., Sandusky co., Ohio: 104 m. N. by W. Columbus. Drained by Portage r., on which the V. is situated. Pop. of t. in 1S40, 4S6 ; in lS5o. 1.1J69. WooDviLLE, p. V. and sta., Greene co,, Ga,: on Athens Branch R. 11., 43 m. N. by E. Milledgeviilc. WooDTiLLE, sta., Aibemaile county, Vivfj. ,■ on Virginia Central R. R,, 7 m. from Charlottesville, l(i4 miles from Richmond. WooDviLLK. p. v.. Rappahannock county, Vivg. : 84 m. N. N. W. Richmond. WooinvAr.D, p. o., Centre county, Penn.: 66 m. N". W. Harrisburg. WooowAUDsviLLE, p. V., EssGX couoty, X. Y. : S5 m. X. Albany. "WooD-woF-TnV, p. o., Granville co., A" dn'.: 45 m. N. R.ileigh. WooDTARDS, p. o., Atheus CO., Ohio: 67 m. S. E. by E. Columbus. WooLWicn, t. and p. v., Lincoln county, 3fe. : 2G m. S. Augusta. Drained by sniaU streams flowing into Kennebec river which bounds it on the W. It 13 somewhat engaged in the fisheries. Pop. of t. 1.420. WooNSocKET Falls, p. v. and sta., Providence co.. P. I. : on Blaekstone r., 15 m. N. N. W. Providence. The r. here descends in a short distance 21 feet, falling over a precipice of rocks, and affording very great water-power. The factories are in number about 50, and chiefly engaged in making cotton goods. The v. also contains 6 churches, and 1 Ijank, cap. $100,000. The Providence and WorcealT E. E. pa.*ises through, 16 m. from Providence, 27 m. from Worcester. The New York and Boston Direct E. R. will also pass through this place. The "W. Patriot" (indep.) is issued weekr^. Pop. about 3,000. WoosTER, t., p. v., sta.. and cap. Wayne co., Ohio : 73 m. N. E. Columbus. Surface of t very fertile. Drained by Killbuck cr. and branches. The v. is pleasantly situated, and contains the county buildings, and 6 churches. The Ohio and Pennsylvania R. R. ititsses through it, 134 m. from 943 Pittsburg. The "AVayne Co. Democrat" (dem.). and " Wooster Democrat" (wliig), are here published. Pop. of V. in 1S4II, 1.913: hi 1^5l», 2,797. Pop. of t including v. in 1^0,3.120; in 1S50, 4,0S0. Worcester county, 3fd. Situate S. E., and contains 616 sq. m. Pocomoke r. flows through the co. from N. to S., by which and its branches it is drained. Surface level or rolUng; soil is in general of a sandy nature, in parts it is fertile. Staples, wheat and grain. Lame numbers of cattle and hogs are (attened in the co. Timber is abundant. Sinepuxenl bay bounds it on the E., and is inclosed by a number of islands with inlets to the inner waters. Farms 1.31S: manuf. 29; dwell. 2.SS4, and pop._wh. 12,401, fr. col. 8.014, si. 3,444:— total 18,859. Cupital: Snowhill. Worcester county, Mass. Situate in the central part of the State, and contains 1.450 sq. m. Drained by liLiek* stone, Quinnebaug, W^are, Miller's, Nashua, and Mill rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile, being a rich black loam, and very productive. This co. has many important nuinu- facturcs, and good water privileges. Cliief products wheat, Indian cnrn. oats, potatoes, and tobacco. Farms 7.239; manuf. 1,161 ; dwell. 21,709, and pop.— wh. 130,152, fr. ciil. 637— total 130,7S9. Capital: Worcester. Public Worka : Boston and Worcester R. E. ; Providence and Worcester R. R. ; Worcester and Fitchburg R. R. ; Western R. R. ; Nashua and Worcester E. E. ; Fitchburg E. R. ; Vermont and Massachusetts R. R ; Norwich and Worcester R. E.; Cheshire E. E., etc. WoKCESTEit. p. city, and cap. Worcester co., Mass. : 45 m. by railroad. W. by S. Boston. Lat. (AnU Hall) 42° 1 6' 17" N. ; lotig. 71° 4.S' 13" W. It is pleasantly situated in a valley, surrounded by hills of gentle acclivity, its soil is generally fertile, and is drained by branches of Bl:ickstone r. lis surface is somewhat diversified, affording a picturesque variety in its general appearance. Many of its streets are lery handsome, of which the most important is Main Street, which is about 2 m. long, straight, broad, urtiamented with beautiful shade trees, and contains tlie principal hotels, stores, banlis, churches, public buildings, with several splendid private residences. In the S. part of the city is a spacious ijublic green. Many of the principal buildings are flue structures. The hall of the Ameriuan Antiquarian Society is a large and handsome edifice, erected in 1820, at eo=t of $10,000, and contains 7.000 volumes. The Stale Lunatic As; lum is finely situated on an eminence E. of the city, and surrounded by extensive and beautiful grounds. It consists of a large central edifice, 4 stories high, with wings 3 stories high, and 134 feet long. Tliis noble institu- tion was founded in 1S33, and usually contains from 450 to 500 inmates. The College of the Holy Cross (Eoman Catholic) has a fine location on a rounded hill, H m- S. W. of the city, but its buildings were lately destroyed by fire. In 1S50. it had 4 professors, 120 students, and 4,220 volumes in its library. Great attention is generally given to educa- tion in the public schools and private academies, which arc of the best order. The newspaper press, in 1350, consisted of the "Massachusetts Spy" (f. soil), daily and weekly; "Daily Tribune" (neut.) ; 4 weeklies, "National J^lgis" (whig), "Palladium" (dem.), "Mass. Cataract" (temp.), " Christian Citizen" (reform.) ; and 1 monthly, *' N. E. Temperance Journal." Worcester is one of the most important thoroughfares In New England. The railroads here centering are five in number: viz., Boston and Worcester E. R., 45 m. long; Western E. E., 57 ra. to Springfield. 156 m. to Albany; Providence and Worcester E. R.. 43 m. ; Norwich and Worcester R. E., 66 m.; Worcester and Nashua E. E., 45 m. ; and Fitchburg and Wcirce^ler R R., 26 m., which uses between Worcester and Sterling Junction, 8 miles, the road of the Worcester and Nashua R. R. These very important avenues of intercommunication have effectually secured to Worcester the greatest faeilitics for inland trade, and have greatly developed and increased its manufactures AVOU Will an(I ir^'THTal prospority. Its manufactures embrace nearly all brumhes. anil form an atr^n^gatt; annual pr(nlu<'t of aboiii $-J.oMH.(M)0. Tln-re are five banks, wiili ag^^regak- cap. "f tl-<'"".'""X and 2 institntif)0 .. 0,004.050 ,. 7.116,7(10 ,. 7,690,S50 In 1S49, the number of persons wlinse property amounted to $20,000 and upward, wa^ 91 ; and 99 persons were assessed for :Mn.oO0 and upward, but below *20,0(»l). The settlement of Woroesler was commenced in 1075, but owing to the Indian border warf:ire, was not made perman- ent until 1713. In 171S, it contained " 5S liumMe dwelling houses." In 17(j5, its citizens instructed their representatives to join in no measure countenancinj^ the "■8tamp Act;" and soon again manifested their patriotic spirit by prompt action upon many matters of national concern. During the revo- hUinnary struggle it snst:iined a most honorable part. Its career of prosperity during the last tliiriy years is the natural result nf ilie intelligent enterprise of its cilizens. Tliey have ever been among the foremost in the State, in contributing to the construction of works of internal im- pruvenient, in building up home manufactures, and in the promotion of agriculture ; and they are now receiving their just reward. The city was incorporated in 1S43. Its government is vested in a mayor, S aldermen, and common cnuncil of 24 members (being composed of 3 members from <'ai-h of the ? w;irds). The appropriation of city expt-nsea in 1S51. was $7.5,500; in ls.52, $S5,700. The population at diinrent periods has been as follows: Ve,,r. Pl.p. Year. Pnp. Yenr. Pop. Ye.-ir. Top. 17C5. ..1.47S ISOO.. ..2.411 1S30, . 4.173 1S4T. .I.'),l54.'i 177C,.. ..1,025 ISIO.. ..2,677 1S40. . T,497 1S50. .17,049 17911.. ..2,1195 1S20.. ..2,902 1845. .11,556 1853. ,20,271 ■WoncKSTEB. t. and p. v., Otsego county, jV. Y. : 50 m. W. Albany. Surface of I. hilly. Draint;d Ijy Charlotte r. and branches. The v. contains 2 churches, several stores and mills. Pop. of v. about 200 ; of t. 2,047. Woiir&STKn, t. and p. o., Monignmcry co., Peiin.: SO m. E. Ilarrisburg. Interests agricultural. Pop. about 1,400. Worcester, t. anj.: 132 m. W. S. W. Frankfort. WoETiiixdToN, t. and p. v., Hampshire co., JA/a?. ; 95 m. jl m. N. !)}• "SV". 60 111. W. N. w. 132 n .N W ijy 12 m S. 1>) E« W. Boston. Surface elevated and pleasantly iliversitied. Drain-'il by Wesifirld r. and its branches. luierests, chiefly agrimiltural. Pop. of i. l,l:U. WonTUiNOTON. p. v. and sta., Franklin co., Ohio: on E. side of Olontangy r., 9 m. N. by W. Columbus. It is regu- larly laid out, Willi streets crossing at right angles, and is VL-ry neatly built. It ciuitains 3 churches and 2 nourishing seniiiKirit's. The CleveUmd, Cohnnbus, and Cincinnati li. K. passes througli it, 126 m. from Cleveland. 129 m. from ("in- cinnali. Settled in ISOI by the Scioto C(ini])any from Crau- by, Connecticut. Pop. 5iil. WoRxniNGTox, p. o., Creene co., Imf.: on W. fork of While r., 60 m. S. W. Indianapolis. Wop-TUiNGToN, p. v., Armstrong county, PtLun.: 145 m. W. X. W. Harrisburg. In the viciniiy is a charcoal hot- lilast furnace, with annual ca|iacity of IsOO tons, employing SO men ; also 1 charcoal cold-blast furnace, with annual capacity of l.ini) tons, employing 40 men. WoBTUixoToN. p. o., Marion co., Virfj. : 2no m. N. W. by W. Uichm..nd. WoRTUVii.LE, p. v., Carroll eo,, Ay. ; Frankfurt. W'lKTHviLLE. p. v., Butts couuly, Ga. : Milleiigeville. Wor.TiiviLLE, p. v., Jefferson co., N. Y.: W. Albany. WuRTHVlLLE, p. v., JohUSOll CO., IikL . Indianapolis. Wi:kntham, t. and p. v., N'''rfolk county, jVa^s. ; 23 m. S. W. Iiy S. linstnn. SurHice pleasantly diversitied. Drain- ed liy liranches of Taunton, Charles, and Neponset rivers, which affunl considerable water-power. The t. contains several pleasant villages. The Xorfolk County li. K. crosses its N. W. part. Wrenlham v., near the centre, is neatly built. Pop. of t. 3,037. WntouT county, /led to grain. Set off .since 1S50. WiiiGUT couuly, J/(>. Situate toward the S. W., and con- tains 913 jiq. m. (iasconade r., and Osage fork of s;inie. with their branches, drain the county. Surface uneven and varied ; soil in geiiLTa! fertile, and adapted to tlie cultiva- tion of wheat and urain, and is also fsivorabk- to the growth of tobacco. Timber is abundant. Farms 371 ; manuf, ; dwell. 541, and pnp.— wh. 3,305, fr. col. 0, si. 82— total 3,3^7. CapiUil: Hartsville. Wruiut, p. o., Ottawa county, Mich.: 65 m. W. N. W. Lansing. Weigot. p. o., La Salle co., lU. : on Vermillion r., 104 m. X. X. E. Sprmglield. Wright, p. o., Greene county, hi'L: 66 m. S. W. by S. Indianapolis. Weight's Bluff, p. c, Sumter district, ,S'. Car.: 50 m. E. by S. Columbia. WuiGHTSHOEO,' p. v., Columbia co., Ga. : on a branch of Little r., tvi m. N. V.. Mill<-di:i-ville. It contains an academy and church. Pop, about 150. Wright's Counebs, p. o., Niagara co,, K. Y.: 262 m. W. by N. .Vlbany. Wi:innTsTow.v, p. v., Burlington cotiidy, N'. Jcr.; on X. branch of Crosswiclc's cr., 15 m. S, S. E. Trenton. Whigutsvili.k, p. b., York co., Penn.: on W. bank of Subquchanna r., 2t m. S. E. ILarhsburg. It is connected with ('oluiul)ia, on the opposite side of the river, by a bridge 5.690 feet long. The York and Wrightsville U. U. cxUmds hence to York. Pop. about 750. WRiun-reviLi.K, p. v., Loane co., T:-nn.: on 8. side of Tennessee r, 132 m. E. by S. Nashville. Wrightsville, p. v., Pontotoc county, J/(V. ; 140 in. X. K. by X. Jackson. Wrightsvillk, p. v., Clinton county, A' Y.: 140 m. N. Albany. 949 WUR XEN WiTRTr-MitKiio, p. v., Lawrence counly, Peiin. : 174 m. W. by N. Ilarrisburg. WiTETsiJoncV I'- ^'-1 Sullivan co., K Y.: SG m. S. 8. W. Albany. It conlnins 2 cburches and several slort-s. In the vicinity is a valuable lead mine. The Delaware and Hud- son Canal passes near this place. Wyacomi>a, p. 0., Scotland co., Jilo. : 127 m. N. Jeflferaon City. "Wyakomisg lake and river. La Toitite co., Wific. : the lake in S. central portion of the county is S m. l«»n^, of varying width. The river is ils ouUel, flows \V., and is the prii-ipal head branch of St. Croix riVL-r. Wyalusing, t. and p. o.. Brudford co., Petin-: 103 m. N. N. K. llarrisburg. Drained by Wyalusiug creek and branches. Wyalusino, p. v., Grant county, ^Yisc. : 76 m. "NY. by S. Madison. Wyandott county, MicJu Situate N. middle in the S. part of the Slate, and contains 576 sq. m. Drained by the Sheboygan and SkooawargunnisU rivers, whieli are received by large lakes in the N., and other considerable streams, the waters of all being discharged into llie Mackinaw straits. Surface generally even ; soil fertile. Set off since 1850, Wyandott county, Ohio. Situate toward tlie N. "\V., and contains 351 sq. m. Sandusky r. passes cenlrally through it, by which and by Tychraochte r. ancl other branches il is drained. Surface soinew}iat elevated; anil a fine deep mold, and is in general fertile. "Wheal, grain, and potatoes are the sla]>le9. Live-stock and grain are expurted. Tarms 9'2S; manuf. 37; dwell. 1,064. and pop.— wh. 11,-^4:J, fr. col. 49— total ll.'2'J2. Oipital: Uitper Sandusky. Puhtic Works: Mad Kivcr and Lake Erie K. li. ; Finlay Branch E. R. ; Ohio ani("i."Tunkhannock. Public Works: Lackawannaand Western R. R. ; North Branch Canal, elc. Wyoming county, Virg. Erected from Logan co. in 1S50. Situate W., and contains 1,342 sq. m. Dr lined by head branches of Guyandotte r., branches of Tug fork of Sandy r. and Camp cr. Surface much broken and hilly, in parts mouulainous; soil various, generally adapted to graz- ing. Chief products, wheat and Indian corn. Farms l&S ; manuf. ; dwell. 24S, and pop.— wh. 1,5S3, fr. coL 1, si. 01 — total 1,645. Ci-ipittil: Wyoming. Wyoming, p. v., Stark co., 2U, : on E. side Spoon r., S5 m. N. by W. Springfield. Wyoming, sta., Middlesex county, J/rt*s; on Boston and Maine R. R., m. from Boston. Wyoming, p. v., Wyoming co., A^. 11; on W. bank of Allen's cr., 229 m. \V. Albany. It contains three churches, an academy, several stores, etc Pop. about 700. Wyoming, p. v., Luzerne co., Penn. : on W. side of Sus- quehanna r., So in. N. E. by Is. llarrisburg. W'yo.ming, p. v., Dinwiddie county, Virg. ; on N. side of Nottoway r., 4^i m. S. S. W. Richmond. Wyoming, t and p. o., Iowa co., Wise: 32 m. W. Mad- ison. Drained by Pipe cr. and other small streams which flow into Wisconsin r. Fop. 206. Wysox, t. and p. o., Bradford co., Penn. : 105 m. N. by E. llarrisburg. Surface hilly. Drained by Wysox and Rum- fleld creeks. The t. contains several grist and saw mills. Pop. about 2,000. Wythe county, Vtt'CF. Situate toward the S.W., and con- tains 57S sq. m. Drained by New r. and ib branches, and branches of Holston r. Surface level, somewliat elevated, forming a table land ; soil fertile, making good pasture. Chief products, wheat, oats, and Indian corn. Farms 6G3; manuf. 22; dwell. 1,631, and pop.— wh. 9,613, fr. col. 221, si. 2.1S5— total 12,024. Capital: Wytheville. Public Works: Virginia and Tennessee R. R. Wythe, p. o., Hancock coimty, PL : 00 m. W. N. W. of Springfield. W^YTiiEviLLE, p. v., and cap. Wythe Co., Virg.: 195 ra. W. liy S. Richmond. It contains the county buildings, one bank, several stores, etc. The *' Republican and Consliiu- tia. Y. Tapkiv river, N". Cnr.: rises in the Rliie Tti-lE;*^, flows K. ririi S. K. tlirnngii llie SUitf. into S.mtli C:irnliii;i, wln'ii it l.-ikcs (hf name of Great IVlof r.. nnii! it empliea into Winyarii liay. w^at (icnrKOlown. In Moiitj^nmL-ry county it passes throui;h the " Narra\v«." where it is contra<-te»l in width from GOO lo ion feet. It is nuvigahle for l)o:iu an., hi. : (ju m. N. Iowa City. Yankee Springs, t. and p. o., Barry oo,, Mich.: 44 m. W, by S, Lansing:. Drained by branches of Thoruappio r. Pop. in l-^to. 130 ; in 1S.'jO. 2U± Yankektown, P.O.. Darke CO., Ohio: 84 m.W. Columbus. Yantic, p. V. and sla.. New London co., Conn. : on Vau- tir river, and New London, WUlimantic. and Palmer U. K., 10 m. from New London, 50 m. from I'almer, 31 m. E. S. E. Hartford. It hx*i several factories. Yantio river. New London co., Co/m. : is formed in Le- banon t. by 3 branches, flows E. ami S. E.. and below Nor- wich empties into Thames r. One mile nliovc lis mouth it has a beautiful fall of 11 feel over a rocky precipice, alTordin? great water power, improved by numerous manufactories. Yapiiank, p. o. and sta., Sufl"olk co., JY. )'. .■ on Long Island i:. i:., m m. from New York. 15S ra. S. 8. E. Albany Yarhleyvillr, J). v., IJucks co., Pemi.: on W. bank of Delaware river, 102 m. E. Ilarrisburg. It contains several stores and mills. A ferry here crosses the Delaware. Pop. .ll'OUt loO. Yaruvilt.k, p. o.. Mercer co., N. Jrr. : 6 m. E. Trenton. Yarmoi;tm, t.. p. v., ami sia, Cumberland co.,3/''. .- 41 m. S. S. W. ,\ugusi!t. Drained by a small stream wliieh alT'.rda water-pcnvcr. The Kennebec and Purilanrl U. E., and Atlantic ami St. Lawrence K. It., pass tliroui^h tho t., and conned 1 m. from the v., 12 m. from Portland, 47 m. from Ana;u-aiiy. Drained by -lohnson's creek, flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the N. The v. on .Itihnson's cr. conlaius several mills and stores. Pop. of L 2.242. Yaticsvim.e. p. o., Yates co., N'. Y. : 232 m. W. Albany. Yatesville. p. o., Lunenburg co., Virff. : 61 m. S. W. Itichuiond. Yatton, p. v., Washington co., /(f. ; 14 m. S. Iowa City. Y'azuo county, Miss, Situate W. centrally, and contains 731 sq. m. Drained by tributaries of Big I)l:ick and Yaz rivers. Surface undulating; soil fertile, anled to grain. Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 4G4 ; manuf. 17; dwell. 935, and pop.— wh, 4,oCt>, fr. col. — , si. 10,341i~total 14.41S. Capital : Benton. PulUc Works: Mississippi Central E. K. Yazoo river, J/mw. .- is formed at W. boundary of Carroll CO., by the confluence of Tallahatchee and Yallahuffha rivers, anti flows S. H. W'. in very meamlering course, about IfiO m. to its entrance into the Mississipjji river, near Vicksburg. This is an e-vccllcnl siream, affording v.y-^y nav- iiiation for steamhoals, of which a ronsideral)le number are constantly employed in the transiportation of cotton. Yazoo ^^'ity, p. city, and cap. Yazot) co., Mikk. ; on E. side of Yazoo r.. 40 rn. N. by \\. .Tackson. It is situated on a low hhilf. which, back of the city, rises to a very consider- able elev.'ttion. The main street follows iho river in bend- ing course, but the rest of (he city is laid nut with general regularity. The cmmty seat was removed to this place from Benton in 1S53. The court-house is an elegant struc lure of brick. There are 5 cbnn-hes, of which the J-lpiscopal Society has a handsome edifice. The bouses are chiefly built of wood, and are nr)t characterized for their elegance Tlie trade of the city is almost exclusively in cotton, of %\hieh from 75,Ooii t(. lOO.OoO bales are shipped anmially to New Orlijins. Th'-re are 3 steam saw-milN. with no oihi;r manufacturing eslablishniciits. A phmk-roud extends hence 051 YEL YON lo Benton, 10 milL-s. Twn lu-wspnpcrs, t)ic " Yazoo Dom- .K-rar- and "yuzoo City Whig,'' are issued weekly. Tup. about 2,000. Tell eovinty, ArA\ Situate W. centrally, and cnnlains 1,027 sq. ni. Drjiiiicd by Petite Jean, and other tributaries of Arkansas, which forms its N. E. boundary, liurlace varied, in the S. E. being hilly, but in general it is level; soil fi^rlilo. and adapted lo grain. Colton and tobacco are produced in small quantities. Timber is found of a gornl quality, and there are some excellent coal beds. Farms 330; manuf. 20; dwell. 473, and p.»p.— wh. 2,902, fr. coi. 15, si. 424— tolal 3,841. Capital: Danville. Tell county, fa. Situate centrally, and contains CIS sq. ni. Dr.iincd by Des Moines river and its branches. Surface diversified by gentle swelling lands; soil fertile, and favorable to the cultivation of grain. It has good lim- ber and prairie land. Set off since ISoO. Tellow lake, Jefferson county, X. Y. : ICO miles N. "W. Albany. It is 4 m. long, ^ m. wide, and abounds with ex- cellent flsh. Tellow river, Inr7. : rises in N. "W. part of Koscuisko CO., flows W. S. "NV. and W., and empties into English lake. It is about 60 m. long, and in high water is navignble 30 or 40 miles.. Its average width below Plymouili is 100 feet. Its course is not generally rapid, bul it atlords considerable water-power. Tellow BRANcn, p. c, Campbell co., Virg. : on branch of Taunton r., 91 m. W. by S. liidimond. Tellow Bud, p. o., Eoss co., Ohio : 42 m. S. Columbus. Yellow Bush, p. c, Chickasaw county, Miss, : 12S m. N.N.E. Jackson. Tellow Creek, p. c, Knox co., -ff>/. ; on stream of same name, 126 m. S. E. by S. Frankfort. Tellow Ckeee, t. and p. v., Chariton co., Jfo.: S9 ra. X. ^y. by N. Jefferson City. Drained by Tellow creek. Tellow Creek, p. o., Lumpkin co., Oa. : 120 m. N.N.W. Milledgeville. Tellow Creek, p. v., Tishemingo co., Miss. : 206 m. X E. by N. Jackson. Tellow Cpjiek, p. c, Stephenson co., JiL; 1C9 m. N. Springfleld. Tellow Creek Fl'rnace, p. o., Montgomery co., Term. : 35 m. W,N. W. Nashville. Tellow Head Grove, p. o., "Will county, IlL : 144 miles N. E. by E. Springfield. Tellow Mountain, p. c, Tancey co., 2i. Car. : 203 m. W. Ealeigh. Tellow Kiter, p. v., Gwinnett co., Ga.: on Tellow r., "S m. N. "W. Milledgeville. Yellow Hiyer, p. o., Marshall county, Incl. : 102 m. N. Indianapolis, Tellow Spring, p. o., Johnson county, Ind. : 12 m. S. Indianapolis. Tellow Spring, p. v., Dcs Moines co., la.: 4Sm. S.S.E. Iowa City. Tellow Spring, p. v., Hampshire county, Virg. : 145 m. N.W. by N. liielimond. Tellow Sj'ring, p. v., Blair co., Petin. : 72 ra. "W. by N. Harrisburg. In the vicinity is a hot-blast charcoal furnace, with annual capacity of 1.400 tons, employing 100 men ; also 1 charcoal forge, which in 1349 made 400 tons of blooms, employing 30 men. Tellow Springs, p. v. and sta., Greene co., Ohio : on the Little Tiliami K. 11., 72 miles from Cincinnati, 47 miles '^. by S, Columbus. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a sulphur spring, which is much resorted to in the summer. Tellow Springs, p. o., Claiborne county, 7'tnn. : 190 m. E. by N. Nashville. Tellow Stone, p. o., Paulding co., Ga : 132 m. X. W. by W. Milledgeville. Tellow Stork, p. o., Hawkins co., Tenn. : 212 m. E. of Nashville. Tellow Water river, Ala, and Fl-yr. : rises in Covington 952 CO., Ala., flows S. S. W. and S. W., and empties into Telloif Water bay of Pensaeola bay. Tellvili.e, p. v.. and cap. Marion co., Ark. : on N. side of Crooked cr., a iribntary of "While r., 102 m. N. by W. Little Itock. It coniains a court-house and jail. Pop. about 1(10. Telvington, p. v., Daviess co., Ky. : 182 m. W. by S. of Frankfort. VnocoMico river. Virg. : a branch of Potomac r., separ- ating Northumberland and "Westmoreland counties. Teocomico, U. S. collection dist., Virg. : total tonnage on June 30, 1850, amounted to 3,2S4 tons, all of whivli was era- ployed in the coasling-trade. During the year one vessel, a schooner of 57 tons, was built. Tnol'ski, p. o., Kalamazoo CO., MioJi. : 61 m. S. "W. by"W. Lansing. ToC'>Nv, p. o., Itawamba co., Miss. : 1S6 m. N. E. by N. Jackson. Toct7M Station, p. o., Lee co., Virg. : 319 m. "W. by S. Uichmond. ToGU-MTOWN, p. v., Tork co., Penn. : 17 ra. S. Harrisburg. Y'onoGANY, p. 0., Westmoreland co., renii. : 136 m. W. Harrisburg. ToLo county, Calif, Occupies tiie tract between the Sacramentf. r. and Pulah or., and the Coast Kange. TJie N. boundary is a line on the parallel of 39° 20. N. latimde, meeting the Sacramento about 3 m. below Colusi. Drained by Cache and oilier creeks of Clear lake, and several streams falling into the Saeramento and I'utah. Tliere are several lakes in the co.— Washington, 3 m. by ^ in.; Clear, 6 m. by 2 m. ; and Tule, i ra. by i m. The principal settle- ments are Washington, Fremont, Cach6 Creek, Cottonwood, Merrit, and Putah. Pop. in 1S52, 1,307 ; whites 1,274 — males 1,0S5, and females 180— negroes 11, molatloes 3, In- dians 152— males loy, and females 43 ; foreign residents S6 — males S3, and females 3. Over 21 years of age— citizens 1,01C, negroes 10, mulattoes 3, Indians 90, and foreigners 51. It is one of the best agricultural counties in the Slate, and produces Jarge quanlilies of truck for the city markets. Aeres in cultivation, 3,846. Mining is but a subordinate occupation. Capital : Fremont. ToNCALA, p. v., Benton co., Oreg. Ter. : on S. bank of Elk r., 92 nL S. by W. Salem. Tongcesville, p. V. and sta.. Fairfii-ld dist., S. Car. : on Charlotte and South Carolina Kailroad, 32 miles N. by "W. Columbia, P(ip. about 1(J0. VoNUBRS, t. and p. v., Westchester co., AK Y.: 132 m. S. Albany. Drained by Bronx r. on the E., and by Saw-Mill or Nepperhan r., an atlluent of the Hudson, which latter forms itsW. border. Surface somewhat uneven and broken ; soil clay and sandy loam, generally well cultivated. It is one of the ploasantest tiud most healthy towns on the Hud- st>n. and of late years has been selected by great numbers of the merchants of New Tork city as a suitable residence for their families. The v., on Nepperhan r., ha* been rapidly built up with substantial and splendid dwellings, and has also several extensive manufacturing establishments and mechanic shops. A steam bedstead factory, one of Iho largest in the Union, and two very extensive hat factories, are found here; while on the river are two grist-mills and many sho])s which are operated by water-power. Tonkers has six churches- 1 lloman Catholic,! Episcopal, 2 BajUist, and 2 Presbyterian. There are also in the v. two af ademiea for females, and one for boys, and two public seliool.s. The business of the place is extensive, it being a pi-inl of supply and deposit for a rich back country. It has .in ainple rivi-r front and several landings, which aff"rd every facility to steambf)at3 and river craft; and the Huitson Itiver K. E., whieh passes through the t. on the immediate bank of ibo river, secures frc(iuent comnumication witli New Tork ciiy, 14 or 15 passenger cars passing up and down during [lie day. Three steamboats ply daily on the Hudson bclweeu the two places. For the accommodation of visitors, there is a Bpkndid hotel at llic corner of Broadway and Mochanic YOR Voil Slriiv^t, fronting nn buih, miJ conlaiuing between 50it ami 80(1 rmims. Aiiaclud lo the liuiel is a fine hall, usiul for ex- hibitions, thua(ricai3, It-clures, etc, Tln-ro arc oilier IioIl-Is an50. York county, Jh: Situate S. W.. and conlains S22 sq. m. Drained by Saco and Monsain rivers aud tlieir branches, and aftluents of Piscalaqua r.. which runs on iU -S. W. bor- der. Surface uneven and diversified, with nnnnTims lakes, which add beauty to the scenery vt the surrounding conn- try; soil in tlie interior is fertile and productive, but border- ing on the shore is rou£;h aud rocky, and unfit for culliva- tion. Siaplcs, vvlicat, Indian corn, and potatoes. On the S. K.^ along the Atlantic shore, are excellent harbors, wliich afford good advantages for navigation and the fisheries; there are also several light-houses. Farms 5,(IU4 ; manuf. 352; dwell. 10,564. and pop.— wh. 60,0ti:), fr. Col. 36— t.>tal Cu,lOl. Capital: Alfred. Public Workji: Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth R. K. ; York aud Cumberland it. K., etc. YoKiv Cijuuty, 7V«/i. Situate S. toward the W.. and con- tains N-Sl eq. ra. Drained by Conewago. Codorus, and Yel- low Breeches creeks, tributaries of Susquehanna r., which flows on its N. E, border. Surface uneven ; soil in most parts is very fertile, and produces in abundance wheal, grain, and potau>i^s: fine crops of tobacco are also raised. It has good timber and excellent pasturage for cattle. Live-stock and grain are exporteil ammally. Karrus 3,734; manuf. 533 ; dwell. 9,^*2", and pop.~wh. h^Mi, fr. col. 1,120— total .'>T,4:)0. Capital: York. Pid'Hc Works: York and (.'um- berl:iu'l i;. U. ; lialtimorc and Sii^tpn luinnaK. li. ; lliniover Branch K. U. ; York and Gettysburg U. K. ; Susquehanna and Tide-Water Canal. YoiiK district, ,s". Car. Silaale N-. and contains 731 sq. m. Drained by King's, Bullock's, Turkey, and Bulfalo creeks, principtd brandies of Broad and Catawba rivers. Surface an extended plain, inclining on both sides a little lo the Catawba and JJniad rivers; soil fertile. Chief productions, cotton and Indian corn. Farms 1.252; manuf. 30; dwell. 2,19'i, aTKl pop.— wh. 11,300. fr. col. 126, si. S,0ij7— total l!).43;i. Cajiit'il: Yorkville. , PhW/c; Worhn : Charlotte and South Carolina li. 11. ; King's Mountain U. U., etc. Yoiiic counly, Virg. Situate toward the S. E., occupying the middle portion of the peninsula between James and York rivers. It contains 132 sq. m. Drained by i*mall streams which flow into York r. and James r. Surface even and diversified : soil fertile. Chief productions, wheat and Indian corn. Farms 101 ; manuf. ; dwelt. 442, and pop.— wh. I,v25, fr. col. 4,'>4, si. 2,1S1— total 4,460. Oopikd : York town. Yor.K. p. v., Fayette county, Ga. : SO miles V\\ N. W. of Milledgeville. YoKK. t. and p. 0., Tnion co., Ohio: 42 m. N. AV. by N. Columbus. Drained by Busli anloyed chiefly in the coasiing- trade, but pnrlly in the cod and mackerel fisheries. During llie ye:ir previous, 2 vessels. 1 brig and 1 schooner, were built— 253 tons. Pop. of I. 2,0Si). 'YoitK, p. v., Gibson co., Ind. : 120 m. S. W. by S. Indian- apolis. The Evansville and Illinois It. K. p;isies a little W. of this place. YoKK. p. v., Crawford co., JU.: on W. side of Wabash river. 115 ni. K. S. K. Si)ringlleld. It eoninins several stores and mills. Pc.p. about 5ii0. Yoiiii, t. and p. o., Waslitenaw co., Mi.^h. .- 01 m. S. E. Lansing. Drained by small creeks of Biiisin river. Popu- lation l,3bU. YoitK, t. and p. v., Livingston co., iV. 5'. .■ 220 m. W. Al- bany. Drain. -d by branches of (icnesee river, whieh forms Its K. boundary, an.! aLuig which the Genesee Valley Canal passes. Pop. of t. 2,7''5. Yoi'.K, p. b., and eap. York co., Pnin.: 21 m. S. S. E. narrisbnrg. Lat. 39^ 5s' N., long. 7(1 Mo' W. It is regu- larly laid oni, with streets crossing e;udi oiIkt at right angU-s. It. contains several handsome county builduigs. builtof brick and atone, ami 13 churches. There are two baides. with aggregate capital of $;i20,000. It carries on exieusive man- ufactures, and Ikis considerable trade. The York and Cum- berland li. U . from Ilarrisburg 25 m., here comiects with the Baltininre :ind Snsipu-banna 11. B. henccr lo BaUiuiore, 57 m.; and the York and Wrightsville It. li. extends !o Wrightsville, on Su*quelianna r., connecting with Pinladil- phia aiul Columbia B. B. lis newspaper pr<'ss in ls50 con- sisted of "Penn. Bepublican"' (whig), " People's Advocate"' "Democratic Press.'' and tho *' Y"rk Gaze(le''(whig). i)rint- ed both in the Knglisli and German languages; all i.ssuetl weekly. Pop. aliout 6,0110. Youic river, York co., J/i-. ; in S. pari of York 1.. flowing E. into the Atlantic, which it enters by a br^ad mouih. al- fiirding (or eight miles good barbitrag'- lor \esselsof 2u() ii»us. YoiiK river. V/rg.: is formed at S. E. exiremiiy of King William co., by the confluence of Pamunkey and .Matiajiony rivers. It is about 30 m. long, and is navigable for large ves- sels. At (ieorgelown it is 1 m. wii:k SofTU BinGE, p. o., Sandusky co., Ohio: 92 m. N. Columbus. YoKii Sulphur Sprixcs, p. v., Ayed in the coasting trade. Vessels built during the year preceding, 2, schooners — 61 tons. Yorktown was in- c.irporatcd in 1705. Among its buildings are soine of the oldest in Virginia. It is ever memorable in American history, as the place where Lord Cornwallis surrendered to the American forces, October 19th, 17S1, which glorious event was the moans of terminating the Eevolutionary War. YoBKviLLE, p. v., Pickens CO., Ala. : 134 m. N. W. by W. Montgomery. Yoi'.KviLLE, p. v., Dearborn county, Jnd.: TO m. 8. E. Indianapolis. YoF.iiviLLE, p. v., Kalamazoo county, Mich. : 50 m. S. W. by W. Lansing. YoiiKviLLE, p. v., and cap. York dist., S. Car. : on branch of IJroad r., 63 m. N. by W. Columbia. It contains the county buildings, an academy, and 3 churches. The King's Mountain E. H. extends hence to Chester, 22 miles. Tlie " Y. Miscellany" (democrat) is issued weekly. Population about S50. YoP.Kvn.i.E, p. v., Gibson county, Temi. : on a branch of Oliion r., 123 m. W. Nashville. Yor.KviLLE, t. and p. v., Kaclne CO., Wise. : 7S m. E. S. E. Madison. Drtiined by Des Plaines r. Surface undulating; soil fertile. The v. is pleasantly situated and neatly builL Pop. of t. 998. YoEKViLLB, p. v.. New York eo.. If. Y. .■ on the ITarlem l:. K., 5 m. N. N. E. City Hall, New York. This flourish- ing suburb, properly a part of the city, is on the 3d and 4tli avenues, between Silth and 100th streets. In conmlon with all cdher parts of New York island, the increase of the pop- ulation, and the erection of new buildings are rapidly advancing. It contains several churches, and numerous manufactures. It is in the 121h ward of the city. Youcn Gl.vdes. p. o., Alleghany co., Jfd. : on N. side of Deep cr., near its junction with Youghiogheny r., 151 m. W. by N. Annapolis. YouGiiioGiiENY river, 3/(?. and Penn. : is formed in the W. part of Alleghany co., Md., by the confluence of several creeks, flows N. and N. W.. and empties into Monongahela river, IS m. 8. E. Pittsburg. It is navigable to the Ohio- pyle Falls, 30 ra. from its mouth, where it has a perpendicular .') ; negroes 194 — males IS'2, anugli it. Zacuakt, J). o., Marshall county, Aid. : on N. W. side of Tennessee r. 146 m. N. Montgomery. Zackville, p. v., Wirt co., Viri/.: 232 m. W. N. W. of Pichmond. Zanesfiet.d, p. v., Logan co., Ohio: 43 m. N. W. by W. C-'limil'US. Laid out on October lUh, 1S19. Population about 250. Zanesmi.le. p. v., Munlgoiiiery county, IlL: 32 m. S. of Si.ringfl..-ld. Zanesvii.i.k, p. v.. and cap. Muskingum CO., O/uo: on K. bank of Mu--kin2um r., opposite the mouth of Licking r, M m. E. Cohiiiibus. This flmirishing v. has experienced a rapid growth, and is one of the most thriving j>laces in the t=tate. The Muskingum r. in passing the t. has a natural descent of 9 IV-el in 1} miles, which, by means of a dam. is increased to 16 feet, thus affording efficient water-power. The manutaetories improving this great privilege are of all kinds, ami many of them are extensive. The number of factories using steam-power is also large, arising mainly frnm the abundance of bituminous coal supplied fmm the surrounding hills. The Muskingum luxs been made navi- gable f'lr steamboats to Dresden, 15 miles above, where a navigable side-cut, 2J ra. long, connects with the Ohio Canal, thus affording to Zanesvilie the advantages of direct con- nection with the great canals of the State. Steamboats ply regularly from this place to Pillsburg and Cincinnati. The lines of railroad passing through Zaucsvilie are, Central Ohio R. P., now completed from Columbus to this village, T''* m., and in coni-truction fo AVheeling; Cincinnati, Wil- mington, and Zancsville R. P.. 125 m., in conslructtun; and the CleveLaml, Zanesville, and Cinciimati R. P., formerly Akron Branch P. P., which will be cimpleted in 1S54- The village contains very hnndsome county buildings, 3 banks, and 14 ehun-hes. The general interesLs of education are Well provided for in excellent public schools and numerous private academies. Among Ihe former are 2 high schools, one for males and one for feuuiks, which arc of high repute, ami among the tatter is an academy liberally cMabli.-ihwl and endowed by the late John M'Intire, the founder of Zanesville. The citizens have an enviable re|)nt:ition for general intelligence, as well ;i8 for business enlerpri'^e. A popular Atlien;euni, having a library of 10,00(1 volumes, with reading-room, etc., and aimmil lectures, is well suslaine.l. The newspapers here puMiwhed in 1-50 M'cre, •• Zanc^^^ ille Courier" (whin), issuing daily. Iri-weekly, and weekly c:ton,and Ballilliore Washin^lMTi llranch "Westminster Branch MASSAfunSF.TTS: A;;ricu!tural Branch Amherst and Belchertown Berkshir ]»oston, Barre,and Gardner Boston and Lowell , Brandies Boston anrl'ans and Nashville Ravinond Ilraiicb St. Francis and Woodville Yicksbur^, .lackson, and Brandon . Missonii: Canton and Blonmfield Hannibal and St. Joseph's Imn Mountain Le\niL'li>n and Daviess County Ni'rili Missouri P.-ieiiic Platie Comity South-western .. New HAMi'sniiiK: Ailanlic and SU Lawrence Aslnielot Bi'sion and Maine B'sion. Concord, nnii Mtmlreal Bt mI Ih Clieshire Cdi.co Concnrd C'onconl and Clarenionl .. . . ('ont4iocook Valley ICastern (ircat Falls P.rani-h Great Falls and Conway ... Manchester and Lawrence . New Hampshire Central ... Northern Portsmouth and Concord. . . Sullivan White Mountain Wilton Worcester and Nashua 1-2 4 15 ■20 1 ir. fi6 20 59 37 s 14 19 4-t 155 :? 4ii 4 25 35 2-2 ^ 131 — US ISU isri 2T:i 27« I"0 mo — &\) — T — '2A — Cl» z •^10 — TO 9M ■.'41) 2S0 800 61 •2i m loa IS 43 '2S 35 51 14 16 8 13 26 26 CO 47 26 15 T APPENDIX.— RAILROADS New Jersky : iiflvidf re Delaware Burlinglon an23 •32 32 . — — SORTII CAnnu^^—Cimthulrd : Wilniinjrton iintl Weldon Wilminglou auil Mauclic-slLT Ohio ; HninbriOge Branch IJtlU'Ibntaine and Indiana CiifroUnn Branch Crnlral Ohio Cincinnati and Dayton Cini-innati, Haniillon, anpi l',inieroy Branch I'ltisbur'ij. Maysville. and Cincinnati. Seioi.i ;uid llockinjr Valley Siirinetield, Mt. ^\'^non, & Pittsburg Metibemille and InIch<*ster and rhibnlelpbia AVbitr Haven and Wiikesbano ■\Villiani«pnri and KImira York and Cumberland York and Wrightsville EnouK Island: New York and Boston (air line) rpividfUfe and PUxinfield Prnvidence and Stonini:ton ProvidL'Ti'-'t; and Worcester South C.vp.ort and North-western Wisconsin: Belniland Madison Central Wi^cmsm Chica:ro. Milwaukie.^fe Eon-I du Lac EoikI dii Lac and Rock River Valley Er)\- River Valley La Crosse Madison and I'oriaire City MiUvankie atid Mississippi Miiwral Point , llaciiie, dauesville, and Mississippi.. [iltle.i. fil 110 VI :^s 114 24 5:i 10 01 12 IT) no 4G 02 ;i 64 7;? '(> 2'i so G2 5 120 :J2 1>1 959 APPENDIX.— TELEGRAPHS AND CANALS. TELEGRAPHS OF THE UNITED STATES. Names of Companies. New York ami liost-m Tel-gniph Co. MerchaTit-s* Trl. (Jo.. N. Y. and IJoalon llousf's Prititlii*; Ti-legraph linston !inil Purilaiui Mrri'lKints' Ti'l. Co., Boston and I'orltiin'i P.irilan.I to Calais liusli'ii to l{urlini;[U 1.S20 1 loo 100 1 260 2C0 2 son 1,600 2 '2.iO 500 1 400 400 1 410 410 2 160 S"0 1 160 160 1 400 400 1 218 21S 1 300 300 1 4O0 400 1 20(1 200 1 2.60 260 Kamea o( Companies. Chicago to Galena, Whiti-watcr, & Dixon Chicago and .lanii-svitlo BnffiilTi anil Canada Junction Tcl. Co. . . N. York and New Orleans, by Cbarleslon Harper's Ferry to Wineliesle'r, Virg. . Ballimore to Cumberland Baltimore to Harrisburg York and Lanca-ster I'hiladelpbia antl Lewistown, Del I'hiladelphia and New York Pbi!adel|)liia and Pitlsburir I'hiladelpliia and Pottsville lieadin^ au'i Harrisburg Troy and Wliitehall Auburn and Ehuira ritlsburj; and Cincinnati t'oluml)U3 and Portsmouth. Ohio Cohitubia and New Orleans New Orleans to Balize Cincinnati and Maysville, Ky Alton and Galena St. Louis and Independence St. Louis .and Chicago Newark and Zanesville Manslielfl and Sandusky Columbus and Lancaster, Ohio Lancaster and Log.-in Cincinnati to Dayton Zanesville and ^Iarietta Dunkirk, New Y'ork. and Pittsburg . Camden and Cape May, N. Jer. . .T. . Camden and Mount Holly, N. .Jer. .. New Y'ork and Sandy Hook Cleveland and N. Orleans, by Cincinnati Tciwl niilei of 810 1(10 200 l,;i6G 32 824 72 23 12 120 809 9S 61 72 75 810 90 6«S 90 60 8S0 25 830 40 40 .30 20 100 66 200 100 26 SO 1,200 810 100 200 1,966 32 824 7-2 22 12 720 809 93 61 72 75 620 90 6iS8 90 6ft 8S0 25 830 40 40 80 26 lOO 66 200 100 25 80 1,200 S9 16,7-35 23,2S1 CANALS OF THE UNITED STATES. Saints Ot' Cariali). Length ui miles. Maine : Cumberlan'I and Oxford 20.5 Songo Rivi^r Improvement 30.5 Kkw hlAMI'SlIIRK: Bow Falls 75 Hookset Falls 13 Amnskeag Falls 1. Sewell\< Falls 25. Union Falls 0. Min\)it-%u\iS, GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL WORKS. Office, No. 86 Cedar Street, Now York. Tlw general aocuraoy ami cxacliipss nf the works publialiert from Ihis loTis-cslalilislied hniise has Ixin fully app-KialM by the Ic-!irncd and inlellisonl of all parts of lliu world ; and it is with pU-asiirc that Ihe piihlishtT oan n-fir to this fact, in soliciting a continuance of the public favor. It has ever been his care to pr iciin; the curlie-tl ami most reliablo infornia- lion on all topics connected with the peculiar branch in which he is engaged, and being assisted in the several deparl- inenls of his bnsine&s by coniiietent co-laboralors, he has been enabled to invest his publications with that aullienticily ■which has gained for him the c.nfldence and approbation of all persons interested in geographical and statistical inqui- ries. His efforts in the same direction are uiiremitled, and by frequent revisions and the issue of new works, the public may rely upon receiving, in an authentic form, every new geographical and statistical fact at Ihc earliest period. The following works from his CalaloErue for li.^■! (which may be had on application), are worthy of special notice: 3}lnnntrit 3^1iili5. CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT MAP, To by 59 inches. WORLD, ('0 Merc;dor's projection, engraved on steel, and highly embellished, in t/tree sizes, viz. ; 80 by 60 fnches ; 44 by 30 inches; and 2S by 22 inches. WORLD, in hemispheres, for the use of schools and church- es, each hemi-sphere gij- feet in diameter. NORTH AMERICA, 1 " SOUTH AMERICA, I in liro series ; ihc size of one be- EUROPE, I- ing 5S by 44 inches, and of the ASIA, j other .52 by 'IT, inches. AFRICA, J NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA, 32 by 23 inches. WEST INDIES, -'-i b.v 2.5 inches. UNITED STATES, etc., engraved on steel, in three sizes, viz. : S2 by 6> inches ; 62 by 65 inches ; and 4.'> by 36 inches. MEXICO, 42 by 82 inches. Also, mounled Maps of PALESTINE, in '"'" sizes, viz. : Tn,K, etc., 32 by 25 inches; and a great variety of local Maps. OP Tiui Pbesidestb, f.tc. COLTON'S AMERICAN ATLAS, »12 50 and J15. COLTON'S ATLAS OF THE WORLD, $15and$lS. if iiiiir-lUnks, i£tr. Guidc-Book through the United States, Canada, etc., wiHi a l-irge Map. Route Book through the United States, Canada, etc., "jih a large Map. Guide-Book through New England and the Middle States, with a new Map. Western Tourist and Emigrant's Guide, with a township Map. Overland Guide to California and Oregon, by Horn, with a Map. Isthmus of Panama Guide, « iih three Maps, by Dr. E. L. Autenrietli. Western Portraiture, " iHi a township Map, by 1>. S. Curti.s.». Progress of the United States, by Dr. Fisher. (KrnnEling 311nji3 in ^.Mirtiiliir ./nnii. NEW YORK, ill townships, 60 by 50 inches. INDIAN 4, in sections, of tuo sizes, viz. ; 66 by 48 iuches, aii'l 43 by 32 inches. ILLINOIS, in sections, 43 by 32 inches. MICHIGAN, ill seciious, 35 by 25 inches. TOWNSHI? MAPS, of the Stales severally, a CNiroRM SERIES, size of each 32 by 29 inches, now in progress, aid of which the following are completed; Maine. N. IIamp., Onto, Vermont, Conn.. 'Wisconsin, Mass., Kiiode Isulkd, Missouei, New Yor.K, Iowa, Vmo.. Md . Del., etc., etc. NEW ENGLAND, in townships, on steel and embellished, 64 by 56 inches. SOUTHERN STATES, size, SO by 60 inches (in progresa). WESTERN STATES, in towns, 4S by 36 inches. SO by 62 inches, and 43 by 32 itiches; Eoypt, Arabia Pb- Also, the Stbeam of Time, an historical chart ; Poeteaits UNITED STATES, in several sizes. NEW YORK, iiiluo.izes. MAINE, NEW BRUNSWICK, etc NEW HAMPSHIRE and VERMONT. MASS., RHODE ISLAND, CONNECTICUT. VIRGINIA, DELAWARE, ao.i MARYLAND. N. B. All of the above Maps are complete in regard of railroads, canals, etc., up to the date which appears in the title, and in all respecrs are much more correct and detailed than any others hitherto published. WESTERN STATES, viz.: Ohio, Indian.-!, clc. OHIO, MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN. ILLINOIS, IOWA, INDIANA. NORTH and EOUTH CAROLINA. MISSOURI, TEXAS, GEORGIA. NEW YORK VICINITY, LONG ISLAND. Besidea his own publications,.!. 11. C. has constantly on hand an assort me.nl of American and foreign Atlases. Maps. Globes, and otJier geographical works. rn\x i i