•bv" 4- ^V. A * PJ 'bV ^-o v ..v^-y v^V V^V V^V" 'V---1 i& \/ .-ate- %.^ .* /flfe\ * -ff. v <*. """U-O* *bt^ \pS w VV ■^ \ q* *° \^;.> ^ <^ aV ** / Vo*^ *' -I o ° V*V ^ 0^ c » • • . ^O A V <*. •iq* • ^ *V3^*- "^ s .,**' r:^L*. ~+ ,** **o« n° -^ ".2! '^- * . . o « v KM. ^ , a ~£ c * <> CITATIONS AND DECORATIONS American and Allied, awarded Officers and Men of the 78th Division - 194 HONOR ROLL. Officers and Men who gave their lives while serving with the 78th Division - - 222 MAJOR GENERAL JAMES H. McRAK Commander 78th Division. CHAPTEB I FORMING THE DIVISION AND EARLY TRAINING AT (AMP DIX RENTON, WRIGHTSTOWN, ( AMP DIX ! What names by means of which men of the 78th Division may conjure up the past! What more fitting than that, within cannon sound of the historic field of Trenton — made famous by the first victory of American arms over the Hun-Hessian Hirelings — a division of our great national army should receive their first lessons preparing them for work in the World War — a work whose accomplishment was to free this nation for all time from that threat of German mili- tary oppression, which, even in the early days of our struggle for independence, first made itself felt in this country. As Thiaucourt, Grandpre and Bois des Loges will link them- selves with the period of active fighting, and Cote d'Or and Semur with the tedious days of waiting for the homeward journey, so Trenton, Wrightstown and Dix will forever remain ineradically fixed in memory as names associated with that most trying period in our militaristic lives, when we were endeavoring to adjust our- selves to the transition from easy going civilian pursuits to the sterner tasks of war. For most of our officers this chrysalis period of transition took place under the immediate eye and instruction of Regular Army officers at The First Officer's Training Camp at Madison Barracks in New York. Here it was that those officers, with whom the rank and file of the Division were later to be most closely associated, learned those principles of loyalty, obedience and discipline which they imparted to their companies and batteries. Principles upon which a solid foundation of training was laid and which catne into their own during the trying days around Thiaucourt, later in the aggres- sive attacks against Grand pre, the Bois des Loges and throughout the Meuse-Argonne offensive. As if the historic locality in which the 78th on this side of the Atlantic, made its preparation for the World War was not sufficient to inspire men with ideals of military life, additional incentive was found in the name of the camp where these ideals were formed. "Dix!" A name that conjures up the historic figure of the Secretary of the Treasury, who in 1S(H issued that famous order to a revenue officer at New Oilcans "If any one attempts to haul down the American flag shoot him on the spot!" He it was, 14 History of the Seventy-eighth Division John Adams Dix, who wrote that order, and a little later in '61 was a Major General of Volunteers, serving as such through the Civil War. The corner stone for the foundation of the organization of the Division may be said to have been laid on the 23rd of August, 1917, on which date Major General Chase W. Kennedy arrived to take command of Camp Dix and the embryonic division. As changes in the rank and file of the division came with sickening frequency, beginning in November, 1917, so the vicissitudes of service caused many changes in the person of our Division Com- mander. No less than four generals had the great distinction of commanding the 78th Division before one came who was permitted to stay with us. During the latter part of November, General Kennedy left the division for a tour of inspection and instruction on the Western Battle Front. Then in quick succession the division was commanded for a short time by Brigadier General John S. Mallory and Brigadier General James T. Dean. On the 7th of January, 1918, Major General Hugh L. Scott, formerly Chief of Staff of the Army, came to us fresh from a tour of duty at the front and the division thought it had come into its own as far as a perma- nent commander was concerned, and was well pleased. However, this was not to be, for on the 20th of April, less than one month before we were to start out on the Great Adventure, another change came and General Scott was replaced by Major General James H. McRae. Fate, represented by the War Department, decreed that it should be General McRae who was to take the "Lightning" Division overseas, lead it throughout its operations in France and bring it triumphantly home. That he accomplished the task well is attested by the many orders from higher authority praising the Division for its work. That he accomplished his task with a deep understanding of human nature and a fine consideration for the men and officers under his command, is proved by the universal love and esteem in which he is held by all those who were so fortunate as to wear the forked lightning upon their left shoulder. So much for our commanders. Let us now turn to those men, the rank and file of the Divi- sion, who at their country's call, laid aside their peace-time pursuits and for a short period donned the army olive drab in order to assist in freeing the world from the threat of Hun military despotism. Following the Division Commander, the first troops to arrive com- prised a detachment of forty officers and three hundred and thirty- seven men of the Medical Corps, under command of Major W. E. Ashton, who arrived at Camp Dix in the early morning hours of the 27th of August, 1917. Twenty-four hours later came 1,200 brand new officers from the 1st Officers' Training Camp at Madison Barracks. What a day in the memory of these officers must the Forming the Division and Early Training at Camp Dix 15 28th day of August ever remain! It was their first experience of what they might look forward to for some months to come. What a contrast with the precision and detail of the previous three months at Madison Barracks! Carefully coached as to the manner in which they should present themselves, salute and report to their new Commanding General, each one as the most indispensible part of that nebulous whole — The 78th Division. Even this reward, for three months hard study, was denied them and without even obtaining a glimpse of him who sat upon the "Throne of Olympus," they were told to register and look on the bulletin board where they would find orders as to what part of the camp they should go and to whom they were to next report. In addition to all this there was the dirt and dust, hustle and bustle, and apparent confusion and disorder attendant upon the mechanical construction of Camp Dix, for this was still going on at the time of the first military arrivals and continued to be with us well into the winter months. Shades of West Point ! What an introduction to the Army! It was but a short time now before the National Army men would begin to arrive and the next week was a busy one for all concerned. As far as the official personnel was concerned, most of the divisional organizations were provided for in the original orders and all units were ready and anxious for the first arrival of those men who were to form the bone and sinew of the completed whole. As the various headquarters were busy with orders of assignment and organization, so company commanders were occu- pied in obtaining clothing, cots, blankets, kitchen and dining equip- ment and the thousand and one articles that are necessary in the life of a company or battery. All of this in preparation for that mystic day, the 5th of September, which was to see the arrival of the "first fire percent." Following instructions from the War Department a system of localization of divisional units had been worked out by Division Headquarters. As is well known, under original orders from the Provost Marshal General, draft men from the western part of New York and all of New Jersey and Delaware were mobilized at Camp Dix for assignment to the 78th Division. Under the first localiza- tion provided for by Division Headquarters, units were composed as follows: 309th and 310th Infantry, 307th and 309th Artillerj — New York State. 311th and 312th Infantry. 308th Artillery— New Jersey. Divisional Machine Gun Battalion — Delaware. 1st Battalion, 303rd Engineers — New Jersey. 2nd Battalion, 303rd Engineers — New York. Other units of the division to be organized by transfer of qualified men, irrespective of the locality of their origin. 16 History of the Seventy-eighth Division While the system of localization has many points in its favor, many serious defects were soon noted and the system of assignment of men according to their qualifications, later adopted by the War Department, to a large extent neutralized the allocation idea. Furthermore, before departure overseas, men from many different states were assigned and the division became very cosmopolitan in character. September 5th, 1917, was a red letter day in the history of Camp Dix and other National Army cantonments throughout the United States; also in the lives of those men who were first to answer their country's call under the operation of the new selective service regulation. "America's First Five Percent!" "England's First One Hundred Thousand!" As General Sir Ian Hamilton has written of England's first offering, so some day an author, with a pen worthy of the theme, will arise and write an epic upon that first small percent, of the original draft who were, by the operation of that law, primarily inducted into the service of their country. In contrast to the poorly administered draft laws of the Civil War and the attendant draft riots of '63 and '64, the draft men of 1917 received the acclaim of their fellow citizens and amid waving of flags and the fanfare of trumpets left their homes to take up the sombre duties of war. Indeed, many contingents were even accom- panied to Camp with bands playing and banners flying, these latter with many and weird legends, proclaiming to the world that "A United America" had entered the W r ar, and that the embattled hosts of Germany might well look to the future when armies, raised amidst such demonstrations of patriotism, would find their places upon the Western Battle Front. In writing of such stirring events, one is apt to overlook the more intimate touches of human interest upon which a story like this must rely for appeal to its readers. Such a little incident occurred at Division Headquarters early on the 5th. It was but natural that draftees from New Jersey should be the first to report upon that date and to some one may have come the inspiration to be the first to inscribe his name upon the rolls of the 78th Division. Such a one was Clarence Brown of Parkertown, Ocean County, New Jersey. He was the first to arrive on that eventful day but in his haste to be first he had forgotten his papers and hence he saw the honor of being first enrolled passed to George M. Aikens and Frank Stewart, both from Mount Holly, N. J. From among these first arrivals and the first contingents from Regular Regiments arriving about the same time, came many of the Non-Commissioned Officers who formed the training cadres for all the divisional units. The original five percent, were supposed to be picked men and that they were is attested by the speed with which they acquired knowledge of matters military and the manner Some of the first arrivals at Camp Dix on September 5. 1917. Fresh from factory, farm and office, these men were to become part of the "Lightning" 78th Division. • .ramjrrTrar j I pun reaching the barracks they found workmen still engaged in construction. The feverish hustle and bustle prompted them to call the place Camp "Delirious rather than ( amp Dix. 18 History of the Seventy-eighth Division in which they later carried out their duties as instructors. Indeed it was not long before they gave the appearance of trained soldiers and their facility for picking up those terms and mannerisms of seasoned soldiers seemed almost to give them the status of veterans among the future drafts. For these men the days preceding the first big increment of the draft were most certainly busy ones and yet so quickly did they learn and so easily adapt themselves to the conditions of military life that they were of inestimable benefit in handling the great number of draftees who began arriving in camp on the 20th of September. It was really upon this latter date that men of the National Army began arriving at Camp Dix in such numbers as to indicate that at a no great distant date the Armies of America would become an actuality rather than a nebulous possi- bility. The thrill of the afternoon of September 20th will never be forgotten. From the porch of Division Headquarters building were seen about 2,000 New Jersey men, destined for the 156th Brigade, who appeared upon the road passing by Headquarters, on the Hill, and leading toward the 311th and 312th Infantry. They were indeed a motley crew. The heterogenous and in some cases the tatterdemailion character of the clothes, each man carrying a hand bag or a bundle, slung upon a stick over his shoulder and straggling along in columns of fours, which they attempted to maintain, gave the impression of a Coxey's Army. The Division Commander was called to witness the first great influx of his men. On him, the trained soldier, taught by many years of army life to read characters at a glance, the nondescript dress of the men made no impression. He looked into their faces, observed the set of their shoulders, the manner in which they carried themselves and looking, voiced his sentiments — "One sees deter- mination and purpose depicted there and seeing, one feels safe in leaving the future of America in their care." Two years later, almost to a day, was heard a similar tribute offered to the finished product of the American Soldier, this time by a colonel of an Allied Army. It was during the parade in Paris attendant upon the cele- bration of the signing of peace. "Pershing's Own," than whom no finer body of troops ever paraded, was marching by when a Colonel of the French General Staff touched an American officer on the shoulder and in his halting English paid a worthy compliment to the American Doughboy. He said — "Colonel, when you see a regi- ment of soldiers like that you feel rather safe for the future of America, do you not?" With the arrival of the men during the latter part of Sep- tember, the aspect of Camp Dix changed from that of a western boom mining town to one of a military nature. Prior to these arrivals, the civilians engaged in construction had been in the vast a- > 2 > £ f. o 3 a- W 2 a n w 5-S a O "= S3 3 — 20 History of the Seventy-eighth Division majority, although there had always been a scattering of soldiers. These latter indeed were the first arrivals at Camp Dix, since on the morning of June 1st, a detachment of Company C, 1st Bat- talion, New Jersey Engineers, arrived and pitched the first camp, preparatory to making the preliminary surveys for laying out the future cantonment. It is thus seen that less than three months before Camp Dix became a large military cantonment, with barracks capable of sheltering 50,000 men, the first surveys of the ground had yet to be made and the thousand of acres, that were to compose the camp presented the peaceful appearance of sleepy New Jersey farms, dotted here and there with houses and barns. The original plans for the camp prepared in Washington, provided for a huge U- shaped cantonment, with barracks on either side, store-houses, shops, etc., at the bend in the U and spacious parade grounds within the enclosure. To write a complete story of the construction of Camp Dix would require more space than is alloted to this entire chapter. However, a few of the high spots will be touched upon, lest in writing of the early days of our military camp, no words of tribute be paid to the triumph of efficiency in system and construction which made possible our future home. It is doubtful if many of those who made their first military home at Camp Dix ever stopped to consider the magnitude of the task that was undertaken on that bright morning in early June. The War Department at Washington had decided that the terrible mistakes of our mobilization of 1S98 would not be repeated; hence out of a comparative wilderness, it was necessary to construct a city, with all modern improvements, capable of housing and caring for 50,000 people. No small undertaking in itself, and when the work must needs be completed in three months, the size of the task staggers the imagination. There was a railroad system with sidings, spurs, freight houses and stations to be constructed; a complete system of metalled- surfaced roads for the entire camp; a water system with a 10-inch main, bringing water a distance of 8 miles, and 20 additional miles of mains; a complete fire department; buildings to house the troops; a cold storage and refrigerating system; store houses for food, clothing, and strictly military supplies; hospitals, bakeries, salvage, clothing and shoe repair shops, complete installation of a camp telephone system, and finally, a complete electric lighting system. Having read of these, a few of the manifold tasks of construc- tion — do you, men of the 78th, the first to arrive, wonder that the camp was not entirely complete upon your arrival? Is it not rather a wonder that you were even provided with any of the creature comforts of modern civilization? That you were so provided, re TO §' o ■a - D m& ^4 m Ct 1 ' . 22 History of the Seventy-eighth Division speaks volumns of praise for 20th Century American Industry and the men to whom the work of constructing Camp Dix was intrusted. Coincident with the arrival of sufficient men, with whom to work, began that system of intensive training from which such splendid results were later obtained. Division Headquarters early sent forth the dictum that the three essential features of our training on this side, for infantry especially, and followed out as far as possible for all arms and services, would be: 1. Close order drills, with and without arms, for disciplinary purposes. 2. Physical and Bayonet training. 3. Careful instruction in musketry. To the latter end, strenuous efforts to complete immediately, infantry, artillery and machine gun ranges, were made, and by the middle of November, all of these ranges were in working order, and constantly used. Early training was greatly handicapped by lack of arms and equipment, but an inspection trip through camp any day during September, October or November was sufficient to convince any one that the spirit of the American Army could not be daunted by such minor obstacles as, lack of rifles for the infantry, machine guns for these outfits, or cannon, or even horses for the artillery. On every training ground was manifest the triumph of mind over matter, and nowhere was this fact more forcibly driven home than in a trip to any one of the three regiments of artillery where mechanical improvisations were made to take the place not only of guns but of carriages even, and horses. The result of all this work was that when equipment did arrive the work and place of the individual in all formations had been learned and all efforts could be bent to learning the actual mechanical operation of the arm. While, as above stated, some arms and equipment were lack- ing, there appeared to be from the first a great excess of picks and shovels and great use was made of these, under direction of the Engineers, in the construction of the so-called "Entrenched Area of Camp Dix." This was destined to give the men of the 78th a taste of life in the trenches. As the complete system was never finished, about the only "taste" that the men received was from an over-dose of instruction in the use of those aforesaid numerous picks and shovels. In addition to the usual regimental, battalion, battery and company schools for officers, non-commissioned officers and selected privates. Divisional Schools were organized in all the specialties. Through these schools passed officers and non-commissioned officers, Forming the Division and Early Training at Camp Dix 23 who in turn went back to their units and passed on the instruction which they had received in the division centers of learning. With the arrival of the officers from the British and French Armies, they were assigned as advisory instructors in these schools and by their soldierly example, intimate knowledge of their specialties and their prestige, due to the fact that they were men who knew the great game by actual experience, the value of their services cannot well be measured. Long will be remembered the splendid work of these men: — British Mission — Captain Arthur H. Cobham, Bayonet and Physical Instructor. Captain Edward H. Petre, Machine Gun Instructor. Captain Thomas Barrow-Green, Trench Mortar Instructor. Lieutenant William J. Howieson, Gas Instructor. Sergeant Major William L. McArthur, Bayonet. Sergeant Fred Tupman, Machine Gun. Sergeant J. G. Licence, Light Trench Mortar. Sergeant J. R. Chalmers, Gas. French Mission — Lieutenant, Auguste Arrighi, Infantry. Lieutenant Jean Meslier, Infantry. Sergeant Andre L. Boutier, Engineers. Their different colored uniforms created a new atmosphere at Camp Dix, and added a touch of realism to the instruction. Espe- cially was the touch of realism added one morning in the Bayonet School, of which Captain Cobham of the Canadian Army was advisory instructor. Among his many qualifications as an instruc- tor, Captain Cobham possessed the very essential one of being able to estimate, at a glance, the manner in which his instruction was being received. On the occasion in question, he was demonstrating to the class of officers and non-commissioned officers a certain blow with the butt of the rifle in close-in bayonet work. He noticed that one of the lieutenants did not apparently have much faith in the particular line of attack, whereupon he said: "Lieutenant, you do not appear to have much respect for this blow." The lieutenant admitted that such was the case, and Captain Cobham said: "If you are willing, Lieutenant, I should like to demonstrate that this blow can be used effectively. You put on the mask, plastron and gloves, and come at me as if you meant business. I will not put on any protection and will use only the blow I have been showing you. You must be careful as I may hurt you a little." The challenge was accepted and protected with mask and plastron, the lieutenant 24 History of the Seventy-eighth Division attacked Cobham, who side-stepped his rush, used the blow in question, and as a result of that one blow, even with the plastron for protection, the lieutenant went to the hospital with three broken ribs. It is needless to say that the entire class and the lieutenant in particular from that time on had much more respect for the teach- ings of Captain Cobham. It was a severe lesson, severely given, but to the eternal credit of the young officer he took his medicine like a man and later admitted that "Captain Cobham" certainly was a fine instructor in bayonet work. Eight hours of intensive work a day, in any line of endeavor, will bring results, especially when the men engaged, both teacher and pupil, bring to that work all the spirit, interest, and enthusiasm of which they are capable. No one incident better illustrates the success which the early training of the Lightning Division accom- plished than the first real assembly of all the units thereof. This took place on the 17th of October, when, during the Second Liberty Loan Drive, the Division was brought together to listen to a speech by the Honorable Henry Van Dyke, former U. S. Minister to Hol- land. To one, who, on that September 20th, less than one short month ago had seen the straggling columns of men winding their hot and tedious way toward the quarters of the 156th Brigade and who, on this occasion saw the uniformed ranks, moving almost with the precision of seasoned soldiers all in step, and well aligned to their assigned positions, to such a man who had been granted the privilege to see these men on both occasions there was but one word to express his feeling — "Marvelous" — and but one phrase to explain the marvel — "It is the spirit of awakened America!" The contingents which had come in September had brought all units of the Division, except certain special services, such as ammunition and supply trains, up to about 70 per cent, of their authorized war strength. Such was the progress made by the continual round of drills by day and schools by night, that by the latter part of October and the first of November, battalion and regimental formations were becoming almost of daily occurence and occasionally, just to show that we were beginning to realize that there were some larger military units, a brigade parade, review or inspection was held. In fact so fast had been the progress that the Division was fast assuming the appearance of a united whole rather than an assemblage of disjointed parts. It began to feel its own power and strength as a strong man does when recovering from a long sickness. It realized that the time was fast approaching when it would consider itself fit to take its place upon the battle line. Its spirit was much the same as that of the mouse which had come across a glass of rare old wine in a store room and had imbibed freely. As the effects of the fiery liquor began to course through its Forming the Division and Early Training at Camp Dix 25 veins the mouse reared itself upon its hing legs and let forth a chal- lenge, "Whoopee, bring on that cat." So it was with the division, it began to feel its power and feeling, stretched itself and said, "Where are they? Bring on the Huns!" Such we were at the first of November and then the blow fell. This blow was the first great transfer of men to organizations out- side the division. Some men were destined for immediate overseas service and others to make good deficiencies in National Guard Divisions that were to go overseas as soon as their ranks were filled. This was followed by others with almost heartbreaking frequency, until in December and January, companies throughout the camp, which had in November boasted as high as 175 men, were reduced to less than 50. At the time it was hard to bear to see such an organization as the division had come to be, shot to pieces and scattered to the four corners of the earth. The spirit and enthusiasm of officers and men suffered a severe shock and it was hard to be reconciled to the fact that stern neces- sity made such severe measures necessary. As time has healed a few of the bruises that we suffered we realize that it was all for the best, and that, even at that early date, we were already helping to fill in the details of the larger picture and should not have been too narrowly confined to the one small section that our Division repre- sented. Men, were needed at the front at once, even before our own larger unit, as such, was equipped and ready to go, and those with the larger vision of the entire picture must needs take the materials where they found them to fill in those portions which necessity demanded should be completed at once. Thus we may console ourselves that at the beginning, even as at the end, the Lightning Division rose to the occasion when called upon. The effect of these wholesale transfers upon the spirit of the Division was something like that of the gambler who had been suffering heavy losses and when asked by a friend if he was broke replied "No, not broke yet, only a little bent." The Division spirit, manifest from the first, recovered from the little bending it had received by reason of losing so many of its original members and throughout the winter months showed itself in bringing to such a state of perfection the training of those who remained that in the spring, when new increments came in great numbers, every man of them was in himself an instructor. Lest anyone obtain the impression from what has already been written, that every waking moment at Camp Dix was devoted to the stern lessons of the war god Mars, let us digress for a few moments and review some of those other activities, which, though more closely associated with civil life, still formed a very necessary part of our lives while we were learning the art of war. Early in our existence, those who were responsible for directing our destinie 26 History of the Seventy-eighth Division decided that "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy," and a generous amount of athletics, mass games, and play were inter- spersed with our sterner duties. An intra-divisional football tournament, in which teams from twelve independent units of the camp participated, was the first athletic event of a pretentious nature to engage our attention. No one who saw the 307th Field Artillery and the 311th Infantry fight each other to a 10-10 tie in their efforts to win the Division cham- pionship, can easily forget the sight of six thousand madly cheering soldiers, lining opposite sides of the field and each side vainly im- ploring their teams to put across the final punch that would mean victory. Following closely upon our own camp championship, teams representing the Division defeated the 76th Division from Camp Devens on November 17th, at Braves Field, Boston, and later, on the 1st of December, trailed the colors of the 79th Division in the dust of Franklin Field, Philadelphia, to the tune of 13-6. It was in this game that the 311th Infantry, representing the Light- ning Division, gave an example of that fighting spirit which later made them famous in the Argonne. With the score as stated above and two minutes yet to play, the 311th team found themselves upon their own one yard line with the ball in the enemy's possession and first down! Could any situation have been nore serious? But the 79th Division men found themselves up against the do-or-die spirit of the 78th. Four desperate plunges by the 79th failed to gain a yard and the 78th had the ball — had the ball and with it the inter-divisional championship of the northeastern camps. Following on the steps of football, basketball and track ath- letics held sway during the winter months. In the former, the 309th Infantry carried off Divisional honors. In the latter we put a relay team into the field which won every race in which it com- peted. Its hardest opponent was the Boston Navy Yard team, but by winning from this team at Madison Square Garden in January, 1918, the 78th men won the Army and Navy Championship. As the long winter months gave way to the bright sun of spring, all other sports faded into the background and America's national pastime came into its own. A division diamond was built, with grand stand and bleacher seats, just southeast from the Head- quarters group of buildings and arrangements made for an extensive schedule. In addition to teams in the two leagues which were formed, a division team was chosen from the best material in the camp. Our season was not far advanced when came our summons to duty overseas, and we put aside the bat and ball, the spiked shoe, and took up the rifle, bayonet and hand grenade. As we ring down the curtain upon or athletic activities, let us hope that some at least of those qualities of grit, loyalty and team play, of which the divi- Forming the Division and Early Training at Camp l)i.r 27 sion gave such evidence in all its active service, were learned upon the cinder path, the baseball diamond, or fighting beneath the goal posts of the football field. As the men of the division had played so later they fought. One of the many problems that confronted the Division authorities from the very beginning, was the continual stream of visitors that almost daily, and especially on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays wended their way to camp. So great did this week- end traffic become that it was found necessary to require that all autos be parked without the limits of camp and the journey through camp made on foot. The points of interest in camp were so numer- ous and varied that, aside from the pleasure of seeing friends and relatives, few visitors went away without feeling amply repaid for any discomforts that the journey may have caused them. Points of special interest in addition, of course, to Johnny's or Willie's or Freddie's own particular company and barracks, were the en- trenched area, the gas chamber and dugout and the numerous bayonet runs. On drill days, these latter were objects of greatest interest and crowds always gathered to watch the practice and often consternation was visible in the countenances of our female friends as one of these latter saw "mamma's pet" grasp his rifle and, with determination, if not ferocity, depicted in his face, rush through the maze of trenches, scale the parapet, climb through the wire entanglements and with a howl of fiendish rage leap from the last embankment down upon an inoffensive sack of straw, made up per- chance to represent a German foe, transfix the latter with a ferocious jab of the terrible bayonet and as a finale to the gruesome spectacle place his foot upon the fallen foe and triumphantly withdraw the "reeking" ( ?) blade. To the various welfare societies and to the patriotism of the ladies of New Jersey is due the credit for the many attractions that assisted in filling the long winter evenings as well as Sundays and Wednesday and Saturday afternoons. Through the efforts of the different women's societies of New Jersey, soldiers clubs were estab- lished on all sides of the camp-- "The Haversack" and Woman's Suffrage Club in Wrightstown, "The Farmhouse Club" and the St. Georges Club at Point ville. In addition, clubs at a little greater distance from Dix were established in Pemberton, Mt. Holly and Trenton. Through the agency of the War Department Commission on Training Camp Activities, the old brick hotel in Wrightstown was taken over and made into a Simon-pure soldiers club with a committee of Doughboys from Camp Dix in entire charge. How- ever, from the viewpoint of entertainment and recreation for the vast number of men of the Division, the Y. M. C. A. and K. of C. regimental huts located in the different sections throughout the camp, provided by far the largest part of all the work done by wel- Sketch showing the Travels of 78th Division Infantry Regiments Through England and France. The dotted and numbered section 'of map represents France. Forming the Division and Early Training at Camp Dix 29 fare agencies. Here the men gathered for letter writing and reading as well as for nightly moving pictures and other forms of entertain- ment, both local and professional talent. Two other enterprises, the camp library under the auspices of the American Library Association, and the Liberty Theatre, under control of the War Department Commission on Training Camp Activities, and it is thought the cycle of our social activities is complete. With our own theatre, moving picture houses, dance halls, libraries, hotels, railroad station, post office, local regimental stores or exchanges, electric light and telephone systems, newspaper, taxi service, and numbered streets and avenues, to say nothing of our own Military Police doing duty as traffic cops at crowded centers. Camp Dix, during the winter of 1917-18, with all these metropolitan perquisites certainly gave the impression of a small city sufficient unto itself in all that goes to make up the usual round of twentieth century life. It must not be thought that the winter months were given over to gayety alone. If one has gained such an impression, let him but ask of those who daily went out to work upon the entrenched area, of those of the Artillery that spent so many cold hours on the range, of those of the Infantry that daily made the long, cold marches out to and back from the infantry ranges, and of the many hours spent on the range ''squeezing" the trigger with chilled fingers and trying not to jerk or flinch. In spite of cold weather, and lack of men, training went on apace except for the recess during the holiday season, when 50 per cent, of the command went home for Christmas and the remainder for New Years. For those who remained in camp on Christmas Day, a huge community tree was provided. All welfare organizations participating, the Red Cross furnishing a present for every man in camp, and the Y. M. C. A. providing the 400 colored bulbs with which the tree was decorated. On Christmas Eve, with all soldiers in camp gathered at its base singing Christmas songs, the tree, which was kept illuminated every night of the holiday season, was lighted for the first time. As the many colored lights threw their cheerful rays upon the assemblage of radiant and happy faces, the scenes of war and carnage indeed seemed far removed and naught but "Peace on Earth, Good Will to Men" to reign everywhere throughout the World. In February, the final increment of the first draft arrived and training work was speeded up. Additional impetus and a touch of the real glamour of war was added, at this time, by the arrival of that grim, steel-elad monster fresh from the Western Front — the English tank "Brittania." Many were the thrills afforded us, from the first day when the tank turned turtle in trying to scale six feet of perpendicular frozen ice and snow-covered sand bank just north 30 History of the Seventy-eighth Division of the Hostess House, to the grand finale on the last day when the Brittannia majestically, as its name would seem to imply, ploughed its way through one of the many farm barns on the reservation. On successive days the tank strolled through the heavy forests on the hills bordering the entrenched area, overturning and crushing twelve inch trees in its wanderings, to the immense interest of the different regiments which were in turn given permission to witness the work. The climax came on the last day. Not far from Division Headquarters was one of the many substantially-built barns with which the camp was dotted. Permission to "attack" this barn was sought and granted and on the afternoon in question the entire camp turned out. Slowly the nose of the tank was brought against a corner of the barn, where resistance would be the greatest, and halted. Then the machinery was put in motion and to the accom- paniment of cracking beams and falling timbers the great engine disappeared from view only to emerge a few moments later at the opposite corner of the building. While the tank was grinding its way through a large grey squirrel rushed from one of the gabled ends, disturbed no doubt from its winter sleep by the cataclysm that was happening to its home and by a sight perhaps of the huge fire-spouting monster, that was causing the commotion. The terri- fied little animal rushed wildly once or twice back and forth along the ridge pole and finally launched itself off into space in one grand effort to reach safety in the protecting limbs of a nearby tree. Despite the contingents that came in February, the Division was considerably under required war strength and when, during the latter days of March news of the great Hun offensive began to reach us, none of the units of the command had much more than 50 per cent, of their authorized numbers. At this time, it became evident that if American assistance was to arrive in time, that time had almost struck and 1918 must see a great Army of "Yanks" in France. Faced with this necessity, the draft machinery was thrown into high speed and with the first week in April, fresh assign- ments began to arrive in such numbers that by the middle of the month all units were well over strength, and the process of eliminat- ing the physically unfit was begun. At this time also, all manner of equipment commenced to arrive in vast quantities and Dame Rumor began to get busy. It was a certainty now that no whole- sale transfers would be made and that the Lightning Division at last had that personnel with which it would embark for Europe. With such a certainty as a stimulus, the impetus given to training- was almost inconceivable. The results of the long hours, spent in schools during the winter were manifest. Men arrived today, were classified, examined, immunized for typhoid and smallpox, clothed and equipped tomorrow, and on the next had taken their places in Forming the Division and Early Training at Camp Dix 31 squads where they were to remain until the Grim Reaper began to take his toll in front of Thiaucourt. April was a hectic month for Camp Dix and training, especially target practice, and equipping went on at a feverish pace, nor did the persistent rumor of imme- diate oversea service lag behind the other activities. Every day brought forth not merely one but a great galaxy of conflicting reports. But from the diverse activities, one thing was certainly deduced and that was the "Day" was not far distant and the "H" hour of our departure was about to strike. The end of April found the excitement little, if any, abated, and when on the 6th of May the Advance Party of officers from the Division quietly slipped out of camp, certainty became doubly sure. Instead of now being a matter of months or weeks, the wait- ing time was estimated by some to be a matter of days, and by more optimistic ones, a mere matter of hours. However, days came and went, the issuing of equipment and the packing and marking of boxes continued and "D" day was not yet. Then at last the "Secret and Confidential" orders went out that we had been placed under the orders of the Commanding General, Port of Embarkation, Hoboken, and all knew that the long period of waiting was at an end. The long weary months of training on this side were a thing of the past. At last, with all the adventurous spirit of youth we were about to embark upon the Great Adventure. On Friday, May 17th, all conjecture was set aside, all drills had ceased, and on this date Camp Dix was closed to visitors, a necessary procedure lest any information of our time and place of sailing might find its way into unworthy hands. In order to keep as many people as possible away on the last days, no tickets were sold by railroads leading into Camp Dix. Did this keep grieved and tearful friends and relatives away? Ask any one of the many people who remem- ber Wrightstown and the environs of Camp Dix on Saturday and Sunday, the 18th and 19th of May; tickets to Dix were not avail- able — no, but tickets to Trenton and neighboring towns were, and then there was the ubiquitous automobile. On these two days. none entered Camp Dix, and except on official business none departed. On Sunday, the scenes in Wrightstown were almost indescribable with the frantic relatives come for one last, long farewell and unable to get into camp. During the 18th and 19th, companies and battalions were quietly slipping out of camp, .some to Boston, some to New York, some to Philadelphia, where they embarked, most of the transports to rendezvous later at Halifax before the last lei;' of the journey over was begun. In the wee small hours of the morning of the 20th of May, Headquarters Troop and Division Headquarters entrained for Philadelphia, and the 78th Division was on its way to add its strength to that ever increasing band of crusaders, the American Expeditionary Forces. 32 History of the Seventy-eighth Division We had come together at Camp Dix from the four corners of the country, we had trained at Camp Dix. we had grown to love it as our home, and now it was to know us no more until that time one year hence, when, with our work accomplished and our destiny fulfilled, we should return to the place of our birth, filled with the consciousness that we had successfully carried out our mission and that those long months of training had not been in vain. CHAPTER II. ON THE HIGH SEAS AND TRAINING WITH BRITISH. • HE LAST few days in Dix will live long in the memory Sf* of all. "Secret and Confidential" orders, to he complied with immediately, showered upon the various Head- quarters; there was a mad scramble to outfit the last draft details who were reporting from other camps; the transfer to the Depot Brigade of men unfit for overseas ' S^p J duty, helped the confusion; and the making out of alphabetical Embarkation Lists (in nine copies, all "caps") kept the company and detachment clerks from obtaining any needless sleep. The various changes rung on the marking of Identification Tags; the midnight roll-calls; the baggage lists, and the continual cheek of equipment; the last minute inspections — the "jam" of these proved a nightmare for all. It seemed utterly impossible to comply with all the regulations imposed, and yet turn over the areas in hi condition and on schedule. But the job was done. Very quietly the Division melted out of ("amp Dix, and drew away in separate detachments for the embarkation points — some to Boston, some to New York, and some to Philadelphia — where a curious assortment of transports awaited our coming. Of course there was more confusion. The new army was unacquainted with "below decks" and the idiosyncrasies of slung hammocks, and the messing arrangements. What to do with equipment threatened to become a serious problem; but like so many other emergencies, the actual accomplishment proved more simple than the anticipation, and within a few days, namely. May 23rd to 27th, the seventeen transports which were to be included in our convoy, had assembled in Halifax Harbor, laden with troops, awaiting orders to steam away on their long hazardous journey together. Not all of the transports carrying parts of the Division were assembled at Halifax. Some of the faster ones sailed direct from the port of embarkation to England without naval escort. Many of the men had their first glimpse of the horrors of war while the ships were at anchor in Halifax Harbor. The shore line for nearly a mile, from water edge to the top of the hills in back of the city, were blackened ruins, due to a fearful explosion which occurred a few weeks prior to our arrival, caused by a hospital ship, which could be observed partly submerged close to shore. a P3 | 1) 3 OJ .2 ■a:s 5 If 2 s~ OS H 53 . a a a '£, j § H uS z°-- ~ .5PS »"S C9 . tf-g II K in s "5 t- u o u z .s Z tit hh a < S « S H o. W 8. £ o S a — .2 W 1 B % z On the High Seas and Training with liriii.s-li .;!> where we were quartered in "Rest? Camps," No. (! Easl and No. West. Here we came under the supervisory control of the British and we found them remarkably easy to co-operate with. They had eliminated paperwork to an extraordinary degree, and within a few days time we had disposed of our barracks bags, changed our American rifles for British Enfields and "gone through gas." Mack in Dix we had accustomed ourselves to the necessity of many para- graphed orders, and it was at first startling to see the ease with which the British led us about in charge of guides acting under verbal orders. Yet mistakes were unknown; each guide had his instructions and so complicated a matter as the turning in of salvage was completed by the units each in a half day's time. Certainly our supply officers must have shed many a bitter tear as they saw the huge piles of shoes, blankets, overcoats and socks from which we were relieved. Compliance with War Depart- ment orders in the States had equipped each soldier with sufficient clothing, etc.. for a winter's campaign. Packs were now of a normal size — but were we ever again to see what we had considered our own outfit? We were told it was slated for storage and that "later on" our barracks bags would be returned with our personal belongings intact. The Rest Camps themselves reminded us largely of Dix. There was the same sand, and the same consequent difficulty in keeping the rifles clean. The food had a different flavor, bul was still of the "army" variety. Calais showed signs of the nearness of war. There was frequent evidence of bombing and "abris" were everywhere avail- able. Both the British and French were using the port for the forwarding of supplies and consequently the Boche made a point of air-raiding the city at frequent intervals. Actual damage was slight except to an occasional house, hut the effect (as the Boche intended) was to keep the nerves of the populace on edge. The soldiers, however. French. American. Canadian, and Australian, took the raids as larks, and keenly enjoyed the work of the anti- aircraft guns. As suddenly as we had been moved from England, we were now moved into what was to become our Training Area, centered about Nielles-Les-Blequin, hack of Ypres, with the Second British Army. Here the Division found itself in a beautiful rollng country, all under cultivation and absolutely untouched by war. A more perfect or more ideal location could not have existed. There was available for each of the units, suitable drill fields where intensive instruction now became the order of the day. Training cadres of the Northumberland Fusileers. the 1 11 h Highland Infantry, and the 15th Roval Scots took over the work of coaching us in our training 40 History of the Seventy -eighth Division and because these famous British Regiments had been through the earlier years of the war, we drank in eagerly all they had to give us. In the infantry regiments, the men were broken up into small groups, each under an N. C. O. or private, and vigorously instructed in British methods and manual. We had British arms, British ammunition, British gas masks, and were gradually acquiring British equipment. On every hand there seemed ample evidence that our future activities were to be in the British sectors only a short distance north. Officers and men eagerly absorbed the instruction. Of course the training cadres apportioned to the division were insufficient to discriminate between ranks as to instructor and the instructed, but there was no thought of the incongruity of the situation. Our training in the British area was carried out in accordance with sched- ules prescribed by our own General Headquarters, and all functions of command were exercised by us, the British merely acting as general advisors and instructors. In addition to the instructions given on the drill fields, details of officers and men were constantly called for special training among the British and American Schools already established. Each branch and arm of service must develop its specialists, and to that end the officers and men studied every aspect of militarism — from the elementary map reading classes on up to the General Staff College at Langres. There were schools in Musketry, schools in Lewis Gun, and schools in Rifle and Hand Grenade; there was our own 1st Corps Schools at Gondrecourt, and the British Machine Gun School at Cernois; there were schools for Cooking, schools for Gas Defense; and schools for the use of British rations. The latter, in fact, became a necessity. In the British issue, there was a preponderance of tea, jam, and cheese on which the English soldiers seemed to thrive in a thorough manner. But our men were accustomed to the meat and vegetable diet of Camp Dix days, and looked on these rations as luxuries and not as substantial food. Fortunately, we were eventually able to secure additional issues to meet American appetities, and the tea was eliminated except when visiting with the British. Training proceeded with splendid spirit. We were close enough to the war to bring home to all that we were at last actually a part of the Allies, preparing to do our share, although our exact purpose in that particular area was shrouded in the usual mystery. In a general sense, we were acting as a reserve division for the British, and it was "understood" that we might be used to help stop any drive that would be made by the Boche. British detachments were constantly moving forward and back through the area; and the nearness of the war was further brought home to us by the fact that our officers and men were Instruction under British N <'.<). \s Machine Gun Company training at BOURSIN 42 History of the Seventy-eighth Division being regularly sent forward on special four-day tours of the front line, to observe the methods of fighting and to accustom them to trench procedure. The trips were excellent for the morale of all, as it intensified the necessity for careful drilling in the essentials the British were working so strenuously to inculcate in us. Officers and men alike actually worked with the British troops on these occasions, occupying the trenches, undergoing the usual shell-fire, and being fortunate enough to take part in some of the raids pulled off. Casualties were limited to very few — Corporal Smith of the 310th Infantry being killed, and Major Abernathy and Major Gossman suffering wounds from which they both later recovered; but the practical experience gained through these tours was of inestimable value to the division. For the first time since being overseas, the Division was receiving mail; we had assimilated the various regulations on censor- ship and the scattered headquarters were snowed-in, under the pent-up effusions of the average American far from home. The Y. M. C. A. also was beginning to show interest in our welfare — and in general, the division was settling down to the business in hand — of preparing for whatever part we were to undertake as our share of the war. As part of the regular training schedules, terrain and liaison exercises by regiments, brigades and division were held, where open warfare conditions were simulated. The work entailed con- siderable marching for some of the infantry, and the 309th Infantry especially seemed fated for "hikes" that might have hardened them for another march to the sea. The exercises were invariably under the guidance of umpires who arrived at unexpected moments, and took a keen delight in assuming sudden situations that tried the skill and quickness of the various commanders. A touch of realism was added one day when an actual Boche plane dropped down in the "'sector" of the 309th Infantry, and Division Headquarter's was treated to a laugh when the message added: "This is not imaginary." Target practice was continuing regularly, including the long ranges, which necessitated extensions of the existing target ranges and construction of new ones, and because ammunition was plen- tiful the men were rapidly improving the ability to shoot straight and accurately. There were occasional inspections and reviews for General Pershing, and General Sir Douglas Haig, and also for the Duke of Connaught, at which we carried our colors, much to the amusement of the visiting British officers. We were learning a new vocabulary. By now we had accus- tomed ourselves to "indents on Supply," and "D. A. D. O. S." and "A. A. Q. M. G.," and the "D. D. I. W. T.," chits were a matter On the High Seas and Training with British 43 of every day occurence, and it became a simple matter to "demand on" the S. 0. for whatever we imagined we needed. Even our higher organizations had been divided into the obscure "G's," which trained us, fed and clothed us; armed and forearmed us, and planned our actions. Our transport was entirely British in every detail, and the N. C. O.'s who delivered the limbers, etc., to us remained long- enough to inculcate the valuable lesson of taking care of the equip- ment. Our supply companies, almost doubled in size, were now divided into "Transport" and "Supply." We had established proper "dumps" for the necessary distribution of food and equip- ment, and were learning the meaning of "salvage." There was nothing that we did not learn to "salvage;" grease drippings, horseshoes, broken belts and cartridge clips — everything was "salvageable." The officers, too, profited by the edicts and with a feeling of mingled joy and sorrow packed up their white shirts and separate cuffs, their bath-tubs and water buckets, camp chairs and cots, and consigned them to the care of Messrs. Cox & Co., who claimed to be able to take care of them for a "nominal" sum. Just how nominal this sum was, we were not to learn until months later when we attempted to clear our luggage. But that is another story. Just to the west of us lay Boulogne-sur-Mer, and as our train touched its outskirts on our way into the area the town impressed a number with its desirability. Consequently, it was small wonder that passes were demanded on account of "urgent business" at Boulogne. Of course there was no means available for transport, but the Supply Trains made regular trips. On July Fourth, the Engineer Regiment and the Pioneer Platoons from the infantry regiments were sent forward into the British Reserve Lines in the vicinity of Oudezeele. Here the men worked on the organization of the line between Yerdrel and the Bois d'Olhain, and it was understood that the division would shortly occupy the sector. In fact orders had actually issued, and the several unit commanders concerned had completed their recon- naissances when instructions were received directing a move south- ward. Our move was to the St. Pol Area, back of Arras, and was made in view of the altered strategic situation affecting the Allies in our immediate front. Here we were attached to the First British Army, and our training continued, still under the supervision of cadres assigned to the Division. To our previous work was added range practice with automatic rifles and machine guns. Our new area was what was known as a "staging area" and was nowhere near so delightful as that we had just left, but appar- ently far more active. Day and night along the Arras front, the -o a Q pq M El 4> hrf (J) 5S mO « o -a 3 m OS "*7 ™ 3 -a M I— I 3 < -5 o 2 3 a o bo .g On the High Seas and Training with British 4.5 heavy guns boomed and we were constantly treated to air fights between the observation balloons which fringed the horizon and the alert Boche planes. At all times we were under the surveillance of Boche and Allied planes — the Boche usually striving to keep in touch with all movements, and the Allies as determined that lie should learn nothing of value. The result was a frequent series of combats, both night and day. Moonlight evenings were invariably chosen for bombing parties, and the adjacent air squadrons were constantly on the qui rice for the droning sing-song of the German motors. The railhead at Tincques received considerable attention on such nights, and on two occasions. Division Headquarters at Roellecourt was selected for a target. Fortunately the damage — except to the landscape, was slight; the nearest approach to a direct hit being the partial demolishment of the gate to the chateau. On August 8th, King George of England made a visit to the Division. Elsie Janis also "inspected" us later on, and treated us to the refreshing sight of an American woman again. She was one of the very few theatrical stars who went abroad to entertain our troops. Despite a pouring rain, the men stood and listened eagerly to "Today is Monday" and "Over Here," and then marched cheerfully back to their billets, satisfied that it was a good war. As part of the divisional training, the 156th Brigade occupied a reserve position on what was known as the "G. H. Q. Line," beginning on August 5th. The heavy rains, pitch dark nights, and muddy trenches proved admirable experience for what the 78th was later to encounter in the St. Mihiel and the Argonne, although at that time nothing was of course known of our future movements. In fact the general impression seemed to be that we were to be brigaded with the British troops — if not actually absorbed by them as replacements — and our one fear was the possibility of losing our American identity. We knew that American forces had been in action, but we knew also the crying need of the British for replace- ments and the agitation then going on for their use of the Americans. For four years the British had been stopping the gap between the French and the Channel ports. During that time they had successfully opposed numerous German smashes against that line and their men were carrying on their share of the war with extra- ordinary cheerfulness, considering the colossal nature of their work— and the fact that additional trained forces were unavailable simply because they no longer existed. Under the circumstances, it was small wonder that the British High Command were demand- ing the infusion of new blood, and naturally looked to the Amer- icans. On August 17th and lSth. the 155th Brigade moved south of St. Pol into the area vacated by the 156th Brigade, in order to make 52 c by % w a s a s = O cc £ g ff a. On the High Seas and Training with British 47 room for a British Division which was assigned to occupy the Lnelers Area; and four days later the Division started for the American Sector— final assurance that our American identity would not be lost, and, what interested the enlisted men most, that we would once more be on our own rations. To the British the Division was indebted for practical training winch was of the greatest benefit to us, and we left them with a feeling of deep appreciation of their courtesy and fighting ability, and ot their splendid spirit of co-operation and comradeship. CHAPTER III. THE ST. MIHIEL OFFENSIVE >HE 1ST ARMY (U. S.) will reduce the St. Mihiel Salient." Such was the inspiring opening of the order which sent the 78th Division from its incompleted training to act as the First Corps Reserve in the great attack of September 12, 1918. This order found the Division encamped around the town of Chatenois, about twenty kilometers east of Neufchateau. The order reached division headquarters September 8th, and gave the key to the wanderings of the division since it had arrived in the American sector in the latter part of August. Those units of the division which had been in the British sector left there in high glee at the thought of going to the American area where imagination pictured things as incomparably better than in Flanders. The train ride in "Homines 40-Cheveaux 8" cars took about two days, in which some of the trains had a glimpse of Paris and of the Marne battlefield. The Marne itself was still littered with the wreckage of German pontoon bridges and the hills and river bottom of the valley were pitted with shell craters, fox holes and machine gun nests, while there was wire everywhere. The villages along the road had been badly pounded and there were many queer freaks of shell-fire all the way from Chateau Thierry to Epernay. The saddest sight of all was an occasional cross with a helmet hung on top and the inscription "Soldat Americain Inconnu." The division detrained after passing through Langres and Chaumont in the general area of Bourbonne-les-Bains, which was to be division headquarters. A long day's march was necessary for some units from the detraining point to the new billeting area, but the weather was excellent and the attitude of the French people, unworn by four years contact with troops of all nations was a very pleasing contrast to that of the war-weary, over-worked people of Flanders. The few days which the division spent in the Bourbonne area were occupied in resting up from the journey, issuing American equipment and preparing for terrain exercises under the direction of the 6th Corps Staff, to which the division was now attached, but which were never held because of sudden orders to move. The first stage of the move towards the front brought the division to the area around Bourmont, an interesting little town built on the top of an abrupt cliff rising from the Meuse River, crowned by a medieval 50 History of the Seventy-eighth Division monastery whose rounded terraces showed the tremendous labor which the old monks were willing to perform in order to get a patch of ground about ten feet wide. For those who had a chance to prowl around, it was interesting to see the caves through which Caesar's Legionaries had crept one night in order to attack the Gauls on the top of the hill and capture them by surprise, but it was undoubtedly more satisfying if the prowling extended as far as the sales-com- missary, where "boo koo" cigarettes and chocolates could be had — the first candy since landing in France, except for an insignificant supply at Bourbonne. While at Bourmont, orders were received transferring the division to the 1st Army Corps and ordering a move under cover of darkness to the area around Chatenois. This move was completed about September 6th. It is thus clear there had been more marching than training since reaching this beautiful section of old Burgundy and the weather had as a whole been delightful. Now once more the order went out to salvage excess equipment and baggage, and as usual a big pile of hitherto "indispensible" articles was left behind at Chatenois, where many a regretful doughboy could have been seen picking up some article which he thought he would like to carry along, only to drop it in order to pick up something else and finally throw it all away because it was too heavy to carry on his back. While at Bourbonne, the division Supply Train, which had been "lost'' somewhere in southwestern France rejoined the division and caught up with about a dozen sacks of mail which had been playing hide and seek with them for the past two months. All horse transport of the division set out after dark on the 8th of September for a four nights' march, under command of Colonel Battle. Foot troops then enjoyed a rare thing — an extra day and a half of comparative rest. Division Headquarters mean- while was wrestling with the French method of preparing to move troops by motor trucks. Although we had used the simple and efficient British system of "lorry" movement, the methods of the "C. R. A." (Commission Regulatrice d' Automobile) were no more to be changed than the laws of the Medes and Persians, as the French method, with its apparent confusion and wealth of ges- ticulations and talk was ordered, and with ever increasing disregard of the time schedule, the rest of the infantry and machine gunners were packed into French trucks, driven by little Billiken drivers from Annam and rolled off during the afternoon of September 10th. The Artillery Brigade had already moved from Camp de Meucon, near Vannes in Brittany, to the St. Mihiel region and had gone into action in support of the 90th Division between Pont-a- Mousson and Fey-en-Haye on August 26th. The movement north along the main highway through the fortress of Toul, with ever increasing strictness in regard to the 52 History of the Seventy-eighth Division prohibition of lights (despite the fact that it was raining half the time) and with occasional jams and accidents, made more exasper- ating or ludicrous by the fact that neither drivers nor passengers could understand each other, lasted all night. Most of the troops reached their destinations in the Bois de-la-Cote-en-Haye before daybreak, but the 310th Infantry, the 307th Machine Gun Battalion, with its "Fighting Fords," and part of the Sanitary Train, were forced to camp in the woods alongside the roads where daylight found them. The wet and disagreeable day of the 11th was spent in these woods with Division Headquarters moving from Rosieres-en-Haye to Rogeville at noon. During the night of the 11th, the 156th Brigade moved over the muddy, torn-up roads through the pitch black night to the Bois de-la-Rappe, while the 155th Brigade and the other units moved over to the Bois de-Greny. It was in these positions, left just a few hours before by the Marines of the 2nd Division and other troops, that the division saw and heard the tremendous four-hour bombardment which prepared the way for the assault at 5 o'clock in the morning of September 12th. The entire division was not used in the actual reduction of the salient because, as is well-known now, the assaulting troops sur- prised the Germans by the suddenness of their attack, broke through the weak (German) 77th Reserve Division and reached their final objective before night and almost a day ahead of the schedule. Meanwhile the Germans scuttled out of the salient at full speed, wondering all the time why the Americans did not push right through the Hindenburg Line as they very easily could have done at one time during the day. All troops of the division were, however, kept "alerted" and ready to go forward on very short notice. The first visible fruits of the victory were long columns of prisoners, looking happy rather than otherwise, bound for the 1st Army Corps prisoner cage at Saizerais. The number of prisoners became so large in the afternoon that Companies "E" of the 312th and "I" of the 311th Infantry were sent to Saizerais as provost guards and later to escort the prisoners to Pagny-sur-Meuse. At about the same time, Company "A" of the 309th Infantry was ordered to Rosieres-en-Haye as a fatigue detail at the Corps ammunition dump. Late on the 12th, it became evident to higher authorities that the entire success of the assault might be lost in the event of a counter-attack, because the condi- tions of the roads near and across the four-year-old "No Man's Land" was so bad. The 303rd Engineers were, therefore, detached and put to work making roads under the orders of theiCorps Engineer. While on this detached service, they suffered f several casualties from enemy guns and some of the men made their acquaintances with the devilish ingenuity which the Huns*showed in constructing "man-traps." 54 History of the Seventy-eighth Division The really interesting information for the 78th Division on that day was the warning order from the 1st Army Corps that "upon the arrival of the attacking divisions on the 'Army Objec- tive," the position now held by the 2nd and 5th Divisions and the left brigade of the 90th Division on the Corps Front, will become the 'Army Line.' "The 78th Division will be charged with the defense of this position." The real excitement, however, began about 11 o'clock at night, when a hurried telephone call from Corps Headquarters started the whole 150th Brigade off for the front line to reinforce the 2nd Division, supposedly sustaining a heavy counter-attack. When the advance "agents" of the brigade reached Loge-Mangin, they found the 2nd Division ignorant of any counter-attack and sore to think that any body believed they would need assistance if there had been an attack, so the brigade was halted with its leading elements just south of Thiaucourt, where some of the troops watched the fighting and others were commandeered to help rebuild the road from Fay-en-Haye through Regnieville and on toward Thiaucourt. At nightfall on the 13th, the Brigade was sent back to the Bois de Bouchot and the Bois de Hacquemont, but orders came shortly after the troops had bivouacked to go forward again through Limey to Remnauville, to a position on the south side of the Bois de Euvezin. For practically twenty-four hours, the Brigade was on the road and covered in that time thirty-one kilo- meters over roads choked with transport, and what had once been roads through the old "No Man's Land," but which now were no better than ploughed fields. The explanation of the "counter- attack" was later declared to have been that a telephone operator misinterpreted a minor rectification of the line to permit artillery fire with a margin of safety for a forced retirement and going off "half-cocked," spread the "news" all the way back to Corps Head- quarters. The inarch of the 150th Brigade was not lost, however, because on the night of the 13th and 14th, this brigade and the rest of the division moved up to the Bois d'Euvezin and the outskirts of Limey in preparation for the relief. The 155th Brigade started off before dark on the 13th and owing to change of orders by the Corps which had not reached Division Headquarters until after the brigade was under way, got into a "glorious" traffic tangle with the transport of the 2nd Division at Limey, when things were tied in a "true lover's knot" for an hour or two as a result. During the first night, the troops were very "windy" of gas and about fifteen separate and distinct gas alarms were spread from one end of the division to the other during the hours of darkness, to the destruction of all ideas of sleep and despite all the perfectly good instructions The St. Mihiel Offensive 571 /<;:! HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS American K. F. 14 September, 1918. 16 Hours FIELD ORDERS No. 53. Map: COMMERCY— 1 :80,000. 1. The 78th Division will relieve the following units: 2d Division (less Artillery Brigade) on night 15/10 September, 1918. 5th Division (less Artillery Brigade) on night 16/17 September, 1918. 2. The details of the relief will be arranged by the C. G's. 2d Division and 5th Division for the sectors occupied by their respective Divisions. 3. The preliminary reconnaissances necessary to carry out the above reliefs will be made as follows : In the sector of the 2d Division on the night 14/15 September, 1918, and in the sector of the 5th Division on the night 15, 16 September, 1918. 4. Care will be taken by all commanders to turn over all maps, orders, photos, etc., which pertain to the sector. 5. One General Staff Officer from the G-l and one from the G-3 section and one staff officer from each Brigade, Regimental and Battalion headquarters relieved will remain with the corresponding head- quarters of the relieving unit for 24 hours after command passes. 6. Command will pass to the C. G. 78th Division as follows: 2d Division Sector 16, September. 1918. at 10:00 hours. 5th Division Sector 17, September. 1918, at 10:00 hours. 7. P. C. 78th Division: LOGE MANGIN. Axis of liaison: Present axis of the 2d Division. 8. The 2d Division upon being relieved will proceed by marching to the ANSAUYTLLE-ROY- AUMEIX area. In addition to the roads in the present 2d Division Sector, the LIMEY-FLIREY- ANSAUYILLE-ROY.U MEIX road, the NOYIAXT-MINORYILLE-ANSAUVILLE road and the MINORYILLE-ROYAUMEIX road are placed at the disposal of the C. G. 2d Division for this move- ment. 9. The 5th Division, upon being relieved, will proceed by marching to the DOMEVRE region. All roads in the present 2d and 5th Divisional areas are at the disposal of the C. G. 5th Division for this movement. By command of Major General Liggett: Maun Craig, Chief of Staff. DISTRIBUTION C. G. 1st Army G-3 C. G. 1st A. C. Chief Corps Artillery C. G. 4th A. C. Chief Air Service C. G. 2d Division (5) < hief Engineer C. G. 5th Division (5) Chief Signal Officer C. G. 78th Division (5) Chief Ordnance Officer C. G. 89th Division < hi.f Quartermaster C. G. 90th Division < 'hief Surgeon G-l A. P. M. G-2 56 History of the Seventy-eighth Division on gas alarms and how they should be given, which the division had been receiving during the last three months from "Scotty" Howieson of the "Black Watch" — and his disciples, the Gas Officers. Next day there was plenty of interest in looking over the German lines inside the Bois d'Euvezin, hunting for souvenirs and finding the dead Boche. Here the men also made the acquaintance of a Boche helmet trap and one "outfit" learned the reason for the existence of "potato-mashers," when an "expert" in fireworks decided they were a new form of roman candles, pulled the string and whirled one around his head for a little 4th of July celebration. Division Headquarters opened up in the ruins of Limey at noon on the 14th and the next day the three infantry companies which had been on special duty and the Engineer Regiment rejoined the command there. Late on the 14th, the division received the order which it had been impatiently awaiting.* The relief of the 'ind Division, less artillery by the 155th Infantry Brigade, was ordered for the night of the 15th-16th, and the relief of the 5th Division, also less its artillery by the 156th Infantry Brigade, for the following night. The details of the reliefs were arranged the next day by the generals concerned and the necessary reconnaissance made. Battalion and Company commanders of the 155th Brigade went up to Thiaucourt to look over the front and the positions they were to move into. There they saw their first freshly gathered Boche prisoners and the American wounded coming back to the aid stations, but they themselves went forward with guides from the Marines to reconnoitre the first line. The posi- tions were generally in the woods, the woods were under shell fire and nobody seemed particularly anxious to go prowling around the Bois de la Montagne and the Bois de Hailbat in order to show them just where the Marines had their fox holes, so that after an interesting visit in which considerable (though rather vague) infor- mation about the location of positions and troops was gathered up, but far less than was necessary for the clock-like reliefs of which we had read in the instruction pamphlets, the 78th Division officers returned to their own units. The next day the officers of the 156th Brigade had a somewhat similar experience with the front line of the 5th Division. It was exciting work to move a green division into a new and unorganized sector just won from the enemy and take over the dangerous task of holding it while it was organized. But the 78th made the relief in such an efficient manner that General Liggett sent the following exceptional commendation dated September 17th to General McRae: "1. I am directed by the Corps Commander to inform you that the taking over of the sectors of the divisions which you have *See F. O. No. 53 First Army Corps, 14 Sept., 1918. The St. Mihic! Offensive 57 SECRET P. C. 78th Division, Ulli September, mis 23 hours FIELD ORDER, No. 13. Maps: COMMERCE I 80, THIAUCOURT 1 50,000. 1. Tin' 78th Division will take over the line now held by the 2nd and .3th Divisions, as indicated below: 1.55th Brigade, (less 1 Battalion Infantry) relieves the 2nd Division, (less Artillery Brigade) on night of 15/16 September, 1918. 156th Brigade, (less 1 Battalion Infantry) relieves 5th Division, (less Artillery Brigade) on night of 16/17 September, 1918. •i The details of the relief will he arranged by a conference between the Commanding Generals of the relieving units and the units to he relieved 3. The preliminary reconnaissance necessary to carry out the above reliefs will he mad.- as follows Seetor now held by "2nd Division, on night 14 15 September. 1918. Sector now held by 5th Division, on night of 15, 16 September. 1918. 4. All commanders will see that all maps, orders, photos, etc., pertaining to their sectors, are turned over to them by the commanders whom they relieve. 5. One Staff Officer from each Brigade. Regimental and Battalion Headquarters relieved, "ill remain with the corresponding Headquarters of the relieving unit for twenty-four i-.'t hours after command passes. 6. Command will pass to the Commanding General, 78th Division, as follows: ■2nd Division Sector— 16th September. 1918. at 10:00 Hours. 5th Division Sector— 17th September. 1918, al 10:00 Hours. 7. Arrangements will In' made by unit commanders for guides to conduct units to I heir positions in the line. 8. The Divisional Reserve, consisting of 307th Machine Gun Battalion, and one Battalion of Infantry from 155th Brigade, and one Battalion of Infantry from 156th Brigade. Lieut. Col. Galleher, 309th Infantry, commanding, will assemble in the HOIS D'EUVEZIN. 9. The axis of liaison will be the present axis of the 2nd Division. The necessity for the use of code in telephoning must be impressed upon all Hi. COMMAND POSTS as follows: P. C. 78th Division— LOGE MANGIN. Brigade Commanders will select tentatively, command posts for their sectors, and will notify the Division Commander of their selections By command of Major General McRae Harry N. Cootes, Chief of Staff. 58 History of the Seventy-eighth Division just relieved was, so far as he could learn, done in an orderly, well- directed manner. "2. The difficulties of taking over a normal sector are very great and a test of the efficiency of your staff, and the troops con- cerned in the movement. To have accomplished this under condi- tions of semi-open warfare as you have done is most creditable, but when there is further added the fact that your division is in line for the first time, the Corps Commander cannot help expressing his gratification, together with the prophecy that your command will give a good account of itself in this and future situations in which it will find itself. (Signed) Malin Craig, Chief of Staff." The relief was not made without exciting incidents, however, as in the 312th Infantry, when Major Butler, leading his battalion up to the front line in the pitch dark, found a German counter- attack in progress, and with the 311th Infantry, which relieved part of the 5th Division, after a vigorous German night attack had driven back the front slightly, and proceeded to restore the old line at once. Division Headquarters moved under Corps orders to Loge Mangin, and took over the former German battalion headquarters in that patch of woods. Command of the 155th Brigade sector passed to General McRae at 10.00 hours September 16th, and of the 156th Brigade sector the next day at the same time. The 7th Engineer Regiment was attached to the division until Sept. 20th to assist in the work of organization and particularly to complete the salvaging of German guns and the burial of the dead. Two artillery brigades were in support for a short time, but by the 19th, the 2nd Artillery Brigade had withdrawn to go to Champagne and the attack on Blanc Mont, while the 5th Artillery Brigade, under Brigadier General Flagler covered the whole sector. The division as a whole was thus at last where all American troops wanted to be — on the fighting front holding its own sector and ready to attack whatever turned up. Our own artillery brigade, the 153rd, meanwhile had been doing its full share with the 90th Division, which was now on the immediate right of the 78th, and it was not long before General Hearn visited Division Headquarters to renew old acquaintance- ships and to tell what the artillery brigade had been doing since its arrival in France. The artillery brigade had trained in Brittany until about the middle of August; then it moved into the Saint Mihiel region and on the 26th of August went into position in support of the 90th Division, between Pont-a-Mousson and Fey-en-Haye. The location of part of the 309th Regiment was discovered by the Ger- mans almost at once and their positions were severely shelled. The These '.Nth l)i visit hi ordnance repair men tuned up tins captured German machine gun and used it for anti-aircraft work near THIAUCOURT, September, 1918 Tin' Fifth French ( orps were on the left of the 78th Division in the final phase of the Meuse- Argonne Offensive. Veterans of four years 1 warfare and our men working together here 60 History of the Seventy-eighth Division 308th F. A. men also were discovered while on the march and the severe shelling which they were subjected to, caused several casualties among the men and many among the horses. The old battery positions were abandoned on September 6th and the whole brigade moved forward to new positions nearer the enemy front line. The 308th F. A. and 307th F. A. took positions along the line from Pont-a-Mousson through Madures and Montanville towards Fey-en-Haye, with the 309th F. A. in support. These were the positions occupied on the night of the 11th and 12th, when the preliminary bombardment began. In order to conceal the fact of the changed positions from the enemy, no fire for adjustment had been permitted and the firing data for some batteries arrived at the battalion command posts as late as 10 o'clock on the night of the 11th. After firing the preliminary bombardment, the brigade put down its first rolling barrage at 5 o'clock in the morning and protected the victorious and vigorous advance made by the 90th Division infantry. This rolling barrage was afterwards the subject of general praise and comment by the infantry, who stated that it was clock-like in its precision and that they had no difficulty in advancing under it. By early morning on the 13th, observers reported that the enemy was out of range for the light regiments and it was found that even by depressing the trails and using maximum elevation the enemy could not be reached. New positions were at once selected and between the 14th and 16th, the entire brigade had moved up in front of the Bois-le-Pretre and facing Pagny-sur-Moselle. From then until the time the brigade left the sector, there was plenty of opportunity to practice all the artillery principles learned in training camps. The three weeks which were spent by the division in organ- izing the new front inside what had been the powerful Saint Mihiel Salient, is described in detail in the following chapter. CHAPTEB I\ THE LIMEY SECTOR HE FRONT which the division had taken over soon came to be known as the "Limey Sector." It was seven kilo- meters wide and was practically the front taken by the '2nd and 5th Divisions. The ground was hilly and rolling with many ravines and stretches of dense woods. The western half of the sector was cut diagonally across from southwest to northeast by the winding, precipitous valley of a small creek, called the Rupt de Mad. West of this stream our outpost at the end of the drive was located in the woods, "No Man's Land" was open and rolling, sloping upwards to the forward positions of the Michel Stellung, or Hindenburg Line, around Charey and Mon Plaisir Farm. The steep valley of the Rupt de Mad, the sides of which rose abruptly in places one hundred meters in less than three hundred, split the line, but this feature was not a serious weakness, because the loops and turns of the stream made it easy to control the gap. East of the Rupt de Mad the outpose zone and "No Man's Land" were both in woods so dense that passage was impossible for bodies of troops except along existing paths and roads. So far as the front line was concerned, the boundaries remained practically the same, but several changes were made in the back area limits for administrative con- venience. ORGANIZATION The mission of the division was to hold and organize this ground for defense while maintaining an aggressive attitude toward the enemy — or in other words, to "dig in and worry 'Fritz.' ' The "digging-in" was far easier to order than to do, for the only work of organization taken over was a partial line of "foxholes" on the front of the 155th Brigade while on the 156th Brigade front the trace of the first parallel in the line of principal resistance had been marked out, a map of the position partially prepared, and a large supply of captured tools and engineer material gathered by the 5th Division. The ground itself was not favorable for digging, because after about a foot of soft top soil had been removed, lime- stone and shale or clay were usually found, which were very hard to work with the issue of "sugar spoons" and "toothpicks" which the infantry carried in their packs, while the captured tools were not nearly enough to go round. There was, however, the advantage The Limey Sector (>;$ in this hardness, that immediate revetment work was not necessary. The position was organized (see Field Order No. 15, 78th Division, 23rd September, 191S) into an "outpost zone," a "barrage zone" and a "main position of resistance." Tlie forward line of obser- vation groups was actually located from a point just west of the Charey-Xammes road along the northern edge of the Bois de la Montague, the Bois de Hailhat (including groups well up towards Rembereourt on the south hank of the stream), through the north era part of the Bois de Bonvaux and western part of the Bois de Hanido over to La Souleuvre Farm. The line of principal resistance was laid out along a counter slope from Xammes to the top of the Hupt de Mad just south of Jaulny, crossed the stream south of that town and ran slightly southeast along the northern side of the ridge to the northeast corner of the Bois Gerard and then over to Hill 361.4, which commanded that end of the sector. The barrage zone of not less than 600 metres depth ran between these two positions. The Hindenburg Line was on the high ground less than three kilometers from this line of principal resistance so that neither the outpost zone nor the barrage zone could be as deep as was desirable. Nor could this defect be remedied by falling back slightly, as the line of principal resistance was on and along the most important tactical ground between Xammes and the Moselle River. The outpost zone was. therefore, cramped up under the Hindenburg Line on an average of less than 1500 metres away. Practically the whole of both positions, outside of the woods, was under direct ground observation from the enemy's line, and since this sector of the new front was nearer the enemy's line than any other inside the old salient, the enemy made full use of the big advantage which this gave him. The infantry constructed all works in the outpost zone and organized there a system of strong points echeloned in depth, where by shifting occasionally to alternative positions, the worst of the shelling might be avoided. Both infantry and engineers worked on the main line of resistance. This position was even more exposed to enemy observation than the observation groups and suffered so severely from the harassing tire that work was done mainly at night until it was well advanced, but at times it had to be completely suspended because of the bombardment. The engineers did most of the wiring and the infantry most of the digging. When the division left the sector this first parallel was practically complete with some sandbag shelters — proof against 77 mm. shells- dug into the back walls, but no elaborate dugouts were built, no systematic camou- flage was carried out, and but little was done on communication trenches and other such construction characteristic of a highly developed trench system in position warfare. 64 History of the Seventy-eighth Division P. C. 78th Division, 23rd September, 1918. SECRET FIELD ORDER, No. 15. Maps: COMMERCY— 1/80,000. THIAUCOURT— 1/50,00(1. CHAMBLEY 5-6—1/20,000. BOIS LE PRETRE— 1/20,000. MORT MARE— 1/20,000. PLAN OF DEFENSE OF LIMEY SECTOR HELD BY 78th DIVISION. I. The LIMEY Sector is bounded as follows: WESTERN LIMIT:— CHAREY (exclusive) XAMMES (exclusive)— THIAUCOURT (inclusive) —LIMEY (inclusive)— NOVIANT (exclusive). EASTERN LIMIT:— Height 349.0— LA SOULEUVRE FME. (exclusive)— point 84.10— Point 84.00 (800 meters East of VIEVILLE)— Point 83.90 (where road from VIEVILLE enters BOIS ST. CLAUDE)— along road South and Southeast to BOIS DE LA RAPPE (Point 88.78J— Point 89.62 (one kilometer East of REGNIEVILLE)— Road fork at Point 94.34 (one kilometer North of MAMEY) — MARTINCOURT (exclusive)— TREMBLECOURT (inclusive). SOUTHERN LIMIT:— Main road from NOVIANT to TREMBLECOURT. II. (a) The 89th Division is holding the EUVEZIN Sector on our left, (b) The 90th Division is holding the MAMEY Sector on our right. III. The position to be held is divided into three zones: (a) THE OUTPOST ZONE. (b) THE BARRAGE ZONE. (c) THE MAIN POSITION OF RESISTANCE. (a) THE OUTPOST ZONE:— (Variable in depth according to the terrain and the tactical situa- tion) Will be held as follows from front to rear: 1st. The line of observation groups. 2nd. The support line of combat groups. 3rd. The line of reserve groups. The function of the 6rst line groups is to observe the enemy and give timely warning of his approach in force. The function of the 2nd line groups is to repel minor attacks and to slow up and disorganize a serious offensive, thus giving time for the garrison of the main line of resistance to prepare foi the attack. The function of the 3rd line groups is to counter-attack automatically should the enemy gain a foothold in the 2nd line of groups. All three lines of groups will be dug-in, — the first in pits or shell holes; the second in strong points completely encircled by wire and placed in checkerboard formation, so as to be able to render mutual support; the third in trenches designed for shelter and defense, but so laid out as not to hinder a prompt advance to counter-attack. IT WILL BE NOTED THAT ONLY THE OBSERVA TUJN GROUPS ARE AUTHORIZ- ED TO MAKE ANY BACKWARD MOVEMENT. (b) THE BARRAGE ZONE:— Will be a zone not less than 600 meters in depth between the Outpost Zone and the Main Position of Resistance, which will be clear of our troops so that a barrage The Ldmey Sector 65 may be laid in this zone without injury to our own troops in case tin' enemy infiltrates in. or Forces his way through tin- Outpost Zone. (c) THE MAIN POSITION OF RESISTANCE : — Will he that outlined on the accompanying map IT [SON THIS POSITION THAT THE REMAINDER OF THE DIVISION WILL FIGHT TO A FINISH. IV. (a) Brigade subsectors are assigned as follows: — 155th infantry hkigaof;: WESTERN LIMIT: Western limit of the Divisional Sector. EASTERN LIMIT: REMENAIVILLE (inclusive)— BOIS 1)1 FOUR (inclusive; BOIS I) HEK'HE (inclusive)— Point 307.3 (exclusive)— Crossroads 3()7 GARRISONING THE SECTOR The 90th Division was on the right in the Puvenelle Sector and the 89th on the left in the Euvezin Sector, with a regimenl com- manded by Colonel Conrad Babcock adjoining the 310th Infantry, commanded by Colonel Walter Babcock — a coincidence which caused a little confusion at Division Headquarters until it was understood, especially when the position of the former was reported considerably to the rear of where (he .'310lh was supposed to be. Continuing the line from the left (lank towards the east were the 309th, the 312th and the 311th Regiments. Each Brigade had five infantry battalions and six machine gun companies with which to to hold its subsector. After the outpost zone had become fairly well organized and the danger of an immediate counter-attack had passed, the garrison there was reduced from four companies to two per regiment, with supporting machine guns. Four to six companies of infantry and the hulk of the machine guns were in the line of principal resistance in each regimental sector and one battalion and two machine gun companies were in the reserve of each brigade. These reserves were stationed in the Bois d'lleiclie and the Bois des Grandes Portions about two and a half kilometers behind the first parallel of the line of principal resistance. The division reserve of two battalions of infantry and the division machine gun battalion was stationed in the northern part of the Bois d'Fuvezin. The alert position of this force in case of an attack was in the north- western part of the Bois du Four to which it was prepared to march at any time. The station of the reserves was used as rest billets for the battalions after their tours of four or five days in the line. Beliefs were made upon the initiative of brigade commanders, sub- ject to the approval of Division Headquarters in order to avoid too many reliefs at one tune and to make arrangements for the disposi- tion of the units in reserve. The dense woods in the sector of the 312th Infantry made all movement at night difficult. Beliefs by daylight were, therefore, tried with complete success. Small groups of men were sent in and out at a time and several such reliefs were made without casualties or confusion. Approximately two-thirds of the 5th Artillery Brigade under Brigadier General Flagler was placed between the positions of principal resistance and the alert position of the division reserve, the rest of the artillery was in the rear of the alert position and all of it was so placed as to be able to execute counter-preparation fire from one and a half to two kilometers in front of the out pose zone The battery emplacements were selected and prepared by the artillerymen and. being subject to less interference from the enemy, they were almost completed by October 5th. The work of the artillery was handicapped considerably by the small allowance of !! ran. f^ft.s-'M^ v -x-.fi . . j ^ j* While tin- Germans still held THIAUCOURT, the French civilians were com- pelled to remain amid Hie ruin and desolation. (From captured German plates.) Observe the civilians in this street and the utter disregard with which the German soldiers left their dead lie about. These French youngsters lived foe nearly four years in close intimate touch with the horrors of war. Traffic bridge in the center of the town which was a special artillery target . The Limey Sector 09 ammunition for daily use which was made to them while the division was in the sector, and to the lack of airplane reconnaisance and observation of enemy positions, but they always co-operated to the extent of their power and with very good spirit. Headquarters of the Division and of the Signal Battalion were located at Loge Mangin in the excellent dugouts which had been the home of German Battalion headquarters and which were well enough except for their size which made it necessary in some cases to put the tables outside and hang the chairs on the walls in order to find room enough to lie on the floor at night. Perhaps because the Germans did not believe a division headquarters could be crowded into such small space, this little patch of woods escaped with two slight shellings, although the woods on all sides were frequently subjected to searching fire. The 5th Artillery Brigade Headquarters were in the Bois des Saulx, those of the 155th Brigade and the 310th Infantry in Thiaucourt, the 309th Infantry in Bois du-Fey, the 150th Brigade in the edge of the Bois de la Rappe, the 312th Infantry in the Bois Gerard and the 311th Infantry in the Bois de St. Claude, just southeast of Vieville-en-Haye. The Engi- neers Headquarters were in the Bois d'Heiche. "CARRYING ON" Such was the plan and the arrangements under which the Division carried out its mission of "digging in and worrying 'Fritz.' ' Although the morale of his infantry was badly shattered by the results of the assault, the enemy was aware even before the division took over that the offensive had stopped and that a new line would have to be organized on ground with which he was thoroughly familiar, so that he was all too soon ready to use his plentiful and efficient artillery to make that organization as difficult as possible. The harassing fire, well regulated from the ground and from the air, where the enemy acted with the greatest freedom and his usual audacity, was kept up continuously upon all parts of the lines. Day and night until practically the end of the stay, shells of all kinds were coining in and taking a severe toll of casualties. Small wonder then that many times division headquarters was bluntly and emphatically informed by some badly mauled infantry that our own artillery was firing short because the shells were coming from behind. Then, after half an hour of telephoning to all artillery commands in the area, "G-3" would give back the information that it w r as coming from behind alright, but that none of our artillery was firing at any target even remotely near the spot reported and that it must be the enemy artillery firing from across the Moselle where the German line lay to the southeast of ours and so could deliver a nasty crossfire. Small wonder also after the great bulk of the Allied airplanes had moved over to the Argonne "show," 70 History of the Seventy-eighth Division SECRET P. C. 78th Division, 25th September, 1918. FIELD ORDER. No. 16. Maps: CHAMBLEY 5/6— 1/20,000. HAGEVILLE— 1/10,000. 1. The situation as regards the enemy is unchanged. 2. Our First Army in conjunction with Allied Troops, will make an attack West of the MEUSE The Fourth Corps will support this attack by making a demonstration along the entire front. 3. (a) A raid against the enemy position, as agreed upon at conference, will be made on D day at H hour, under arrangements made by Commanding General, 155th Brigade. The mission of the raiders is to take prisoners, documents, and such property as is easily portable. (b) The Artillery will conform to the Artillery Plan as issued by Fourth Corps. (Copy furnished C. G. Divisional Artillery.) (c) The rate of advance of the Raiding Infantry will be 100 meters in three (3)_minutes. (d) The duration of the raid will be one hour and forty-five minutes (1 hour and 45 minutes) from II hour. At the end of this time, the raiders must be back in our lines. (e) All dead or wounded Americans will be brought back to our lines. (f ) THE DIVTSK ).\ WILL HOLD ITSELF IN READINESS FOR A POSSIBLE COMBINED OFFENSIVE ACTION. 4. Report of result of raid will be sent to FARADAY P. C. at the earliest possible'moment after completion of the operation. 5. Nc change in Divisional or Brigade P. ( "s. By command of Major General McRae. C. D. Herron, Chief of Staff. Official : E. S. Hayes, Major. A. C. of S. G-3. DISTRIBUTION: 1— C. G. 78th Div. 18— War Diary 35— 303rd F. S. Bn. 2— C. of S. 19 — French Mission 36— 307th M. G. Bn. 3— G-l 20— A. P. M. 37— 303rd Trains. 4— G-2 21— 155th Brig. 38— 303rd M. P. 5— G-3 22— 308th M. G. Bn. 39— 303id Supply Tn. 6— Div. Art. Off. 23— 309th Inf. 40— 303rd Sanitary Tn 7— Div. Eng. Off. 24— 310th Inf. 41— 303rd Eng. Tn. 8— Div. M. G. Off. 25— 156th Brig. 42— 89th Div. 9— Div. Sig. Off. 26— 309th M. G. Bn. 43— 90th Div. 10— Div. Gas Off. 27— 31 1th Inf. 44— VI Corps 11 — Div. Surgeon 28— 312th Inf. 45-50 Extra 12 — Div. Adjutant 29— 5th Art. Brig. 13 — Div. Inspector 30— 19th Art. 14— Div. Q. M. 31— 20th Art. 15— Div. Ord. Off. 32— 21st Art. 16— C. O. Hq. Troop 33— 5th T. M. Bty. 17— IV Corps 34— 303rd Eng. The Limey Sector 71 that our infantrv doubted their existence, it nothing worse, when the German aviators came down along our lines spraying their machine guns, and tossing hand grenades down or lazily floating around while their artillery adjusted I heir fire and our men hnpot- ently cursed or sniped at them with rifles and trench mortar shells just to feel that they were at least making a noise not because they seriously expected to harm the airmen. In verified cases on Sep- tember 26th and again on October 3rd, the Germans flew in machines bearing Allied markings and by this treacherous device were able to fire almost pointblank on our men without any opposition. The enemy artillery seemed to have an especial "hate" against the town of Thiaucourt, which was comparatively little damaged when we entered it, for he began to shoot it to pieces systematically, perhaps because of the loot which had been left behind and which was now scattered far and wide for any adventurous or curious "doughboy" or machine gunner to pick up. Part of the 308th Machine Gun Battalion put some of it to very practical, but humor- ous use while in support. For several successive days groups of men asked permission in quiet intervals to go down to the Hupt de Mad to wash. The practice soon became suspiciously common, so that the lieutenant in charge followed on one day to solve the mystery. He did. For he found the bathing place near some of the wrecked houses and that his husky machine gunners had dis- carded their issue underclothes with their loads of "cooties" and after a good wash were substituting beribboned chemises and other upper and lower female unmentionables salvaged from the ruins. While the health of the men remained good as a whole, the sanitary conditions in the forward positions which were subject to such severe shelling left some things to be desired at times. The "doughboys" whose main occupations during the "night were patrolling and standing-to" and during the day, "digging and dodging" seemed to think a hundred per cent, policing rather a secondary matter. A colonel visited the front one day and differed so strongly from this point of view that after expressing himself verbally on the spot, he sent the following scathing piece of free verse up to the front when he got back to where he could sit down and write : FROM: FACE-1. AT: P. C. DATE: 2nd October, 1918. HOUR: 3.40 P.M. NO. 2. HOW SENT: TO: FACE-1. Runner. In order that there may be no misunderstanding as to what I require with respect to your outpost line, and pursuant to my verbal directions to you this A. M., I give you herein precise statement of what you are to accomplish this date before your relief to-night. You will thoroughly police the entire outpost line until it is as On the JAULNY-THIAUCOURT-BENEY Road Environs of THLU'COURT Village of JAULNV Northeast of THIAUCOURT The Limey Sector 73 clean as a parlor Hour so far as filth, papers, tins, arms, ammunition, equipment and so forth is concerned. You will require every man to clean his weapons until all arc free of red rust. You will cause to be severely punished, any man or officer who is known to defecate elsewhere than in a proper latrine, suitably located by you. Men deserving punishment for this or other like offense will be attached to the relieving companies tonight for further tour of duty in the outpost line. An inspection by officers designated by me will be made of the condition of your line early tomorrow morning. Any failure to comply with the instructions herein contained will not be dealt with leniently. Gun oil goes forward to you this P. M. and will be distributed and put in use at once. You will be responsible for any equipment or trash left behind by your men when your companies are relieved. Any such property left behind will be neatly piled and sorted. A report on the condition of your line will be rendered me tomorrow 7 morning. I advise you as an inexperienced officer to read into this memo- randum a high degree of seriousness. FACE 1. Only a very few refugees came into our lines after we had taken over the sector. One party of two old women and an old man who had escaped the evacuation by the Germans by hiding in Jaulny passed through division headquarters on their way to the rear. They were still badly panic-stricken after their most recent experiences and showed it clearly by the fact that while the man had a small bundle of clothes with him, all that the women had brought along were two or three extra hats to which they clung as though they were the latest Parisian models instead of bedraggled wrecks. OFFEXSH /•; OVER. 1 TIONS The work of worrying "Fritz" was far grimmer than this work of organizing although the toll which that exacted kept the sanitary detachments busy and gave little Chaplain King of the 310th Infantry among others of his branch the chance to show that unfailing devotion to the wounded and dead which won for him the Distinguished Service Cross. The crushing surprise which the Americans delivered on September 12th had shaken the morale of the enemy infantry and this ascendancy was kept up throughout the occupation of the sector by aggressive patroling in "No Man's land" and four more powerful raids. The patrolling was principally by night on the 155th Brigade front, although the 309th pulled off one audacious patrol through Rembercourt in broad daylight, but German barbed wire in "No Man's Land" near TIIIAI'COrRT Interior of THIAUCOURT Church Villageof EUVEZIN which marked left of Division boundary The Limey Sector 75 because of the dense woods in front of t lie 156th Brigade, consid- erable work was done there in daylight. There was also continual sniping, particularly on the right subsector. The first real offensive operation of the division took place on September 22nd. Orders had come from the Fourth Corps, which had taken over full control of the St. Mihiel front on September ISth, the day before to make a raid that night with a full battalion. The time for preparation was so short that the assaulting party could not be properly instructed, many details had to be impro- vised and some did not succeed. It was decided to raid Mon Plaisir Farm in order to get prisoners, documents and easily portable material. This farm was an excellent observation post just inside the Hindenburg Line around which considerable activity had been observed. The 3rd Battalion of the 310th was ordered to make the assault behind box and rolling barrages with a company of engi- neers to cut the wire entanglements with bangalore torpedoes and to destroy the hostile concrete dugouts and "pill boxes." The infantry were eager for the chance to come to grips and when the time came they advanced to their objective on the right and almost to it on the left, brushing aside all resistance and crossing the wire somehow, (unaided by the engineers, who. too much hurried in their preparations, did not get into position in time to follow the assault- ing wave), and after inflicting severe casualties on the enemy reluct- antly withdrew at the expiration of the allotted time. Then the enemy came back fast and inflicted many casualties during this retirement, using the positions which the infantry had taken but could not destroy, and other machine gun posts on the flanks outside of the box barrage. Fight prisoners reached our lines, considerable information was brought back as to the enemy positions, and although our own losses were high, the division had made its first attack with splendid spirit and dash. Almost before the final reports on this affair were written the next two raids were made. Field Orders issued on September 25th contained the significant and startling announcement that "our First Army in conjunction with Allied Troops, will make an attack West of the Meuse. The Fourth Army Corps will support this attack by making a demonstration along the entire front." It was the beginning of the Argonne-Meuse battle. It was also ordered that as a part of this demonstration our artillery should conduct a six-hour bombardment of all enemy positions and targets before the infantry demonstration began. This bombardment began at half an hour before midnight on the 25th and lasted until the infantry went over the top at five-thirty the next morning, when it turned into the necessary box and rolling barrages to proteel their advance. For once the "doughboys" could stay in their trenches and listen to the swishing overhead and the distant reports which showed The Limey Sector 77 that for once in our stay the enemy was getting what was long overdue. It was decided that this time the 309th and 311th Regi- ments should try their hand in an attack. The 3rd Battalion of the 309th, afterwards called "Segarra's Raiders" from their doughty leader, swept up a stretch of territory in the valley of the Rupt de Mad through the battered town of Rembereourt-sur-Mad as far as the wire entanglements of the main Hindenburg Line. The battalion attacked with one company west of the stream, one east and the rest of the battalion in support near the "jump-off." In addition to the artillery barrage there was a machine gun barrage by two platoons of the 308th Machine Gun Battalion. The objective was reached, but few live Boche were seen and none of them were worth bringing back shortly after that. The town was mopped up but nothing of great value was found. This raid was more fortunate than the first, in that there were only one officer and twelve men of the party slightly wounded. The demonstration which the 311th was making with its First Battalion at the same time through the western side of the Bois du Troue de la Haie was a very different affair. The enemy resisted this advance which was made without artillery barrage with his machine guns in pill-boxes, snipers in trees and an artillery counter- barrage. The outpost line was nevertheless pushed forward to its objective on the left and almost to it on the right — a maximum distance of about 400 meters on a front of about 1,500 and on the right flank of the 312th was moved up to maintain liaison. During this advance, which was completed about 10.30 in the morning, a dozen machine gun nests were destroyed and their occupants killed or captured. Nine unwounded and three wounded prisoners were taken. The line gained was held all day under heavy fire of all kinds. About 5.30 in the afternoon the enemy laid down a box barrage on the new line and followed this by an attack. By 6.30 the losses had become so great that it was decided to withdraw to the old line and this was done without any further attempt on the part of the enemy to advance. The enemy became quieter after these demonstrations; that is to say, they only sent over from 1,500 to 2,000 shells a day, and the 311th Infantry actually got through the twenty-four hours of October 2nd without a casualty. The whole sector was lapsing into "peace-time warfare," and to relieve the monotony of "N. T. R." (Nothing f<> Report) the observation posts were turning in such things as "at 17.05 hours, a man led a white cow into a ravine. Suspect there are cookers there, as smoke has been seen." Corps Headquarters caused a mild flurry on the 29th by ordering excep- tional patrol activity to determine whether a general withdrawal by the enemy, which they had reason to suspect, was actually taking place. Every regiment accordingly sent out extra patrols. These CHAPLAIN' (FATHER) D. J. LYNCH, A 78th Division Chaplain in his working togs, what a real front line Chaplain looks like after a stay in the line. Both in the LIMEY SECTOR and dining tin- heavy ARGONNE fighting our Chaplains were in the thick of it for weeks at a time, over- looking sleep and food in their work of spiritual and temporal aid. The Lime// Sector 79 unanimously reported the enemy still in position and just as resent- ful of visits. None brought back any prisoners, until Lieutenant Brewer of the 309th changed a working party on a moment's notice into a combat patrol found a Boche post and brought one of them hack to confirm the fact that the Germans werenotdisposedtoretirethatnight The 312th Regiment had all this time been exploring its own patches of woods, digging and dodging, like the rest and becoming acquainted with the fighting qualities of its men and officers, like Lieutenant Horobin, whose method of keeping his men under cover when enemy fire got hot was said to be, standing up himself and throwing pebbles at those whose heads showed. Now it was their turn to square a part of their accounts with the Germans, so it was decided that a little daylight raid should be made on October 3rd, at eight o'clock in the morning, on an annoying machine gun nest on a little knoll called La Saucisse— the Sausage. Accordingly after a twenty minute artillery diversion to the east of La Saucisse and a ten minute concentration on that knoll by the supporting artillery battalion, three officers and fifty-two men rushed the nest inside a box barrage, captured three machine guns, seven unwounded and two wounded prisoners and returned with only three casualties. Questioning the prisoners brought out the fact that we had completely surprised and wiped out a liaison post between two German divisions. TRANSFER TO MEUSE-ARGONNE FRONT This was to be the last offensive action of the division because on the same day orders were received from the Corps relieving the division the following night.* The 89th Division was to extend eastward to relieve (lie 155th Brigade, the 90th was to extend west- ward and relieve the 156th Brigade, while our own 153rd Artillerv Brigade and 303rd Ammunition Train were to rejoin the division The rumor spread last outside of division headquarters that we were going out of the line for a "rest," but headquarters was not laboring under any such delusion. They knew we were headed for the Argonne and without delay, for somebody higher up had ordered the division to do an almost impossible feal of marching. The attention of Corps Headquarters was called to the fact that the foot troops in the front line were called upon to make a front line relief and inarch thirty-five kilometers into the Foret de la Reine between dark and six in the morning, only to follow this up at once by two more long night marches. Corps could not change the orders, so the division set out, as one staff officer said, "to do the impossible and damn near succeeded." The withdrawal began on the night of the 3rd with the relief of machine gun units, the replacement of infantry reserve units *See F. (). No. 17, P. C. 78th Division. October 3. 1918. a u V O O o X H The Lime y Sector 81 P. C. 78th Division, 3rd October, 1918. si;i nh:r FIELD ORDER, No. 17. Maps : TIIIAIC (M RT— 1 50,00(1. COMMERCY— 1 80,000. 1. Pursuant to Field Order No. 34, Headquarters IV Corps, the 7Hth Division will be relieved in the LIMEY SECTOR bv elements of the 89th Division and 90th Division on the nights of 3/4th and 4/5th October, 1!»1S. 2. The relief will commence at 21 hours. 3rd October, 1018, and completed by 23 hours, 4th October, 1018. Units of the 78th Division will march to destination as indicated in accompanying march table. 3. (a) The 155th Infantry Brigade (now holding left sub-sector), will be relieved by elements of the 89th Division. The Machine (inns of the 155th Infantry Brigade will be'relieved by the 340th Machine Gun Battalion on the night of :1 4th October, 1918, at 21 hours. The Infantry of the 155th Brigade will be relieved by tin- 356th Infantry Regiment on the night of 4th October, 1018. at_20 hours. (b) The 156th Infantry Brigade (now holding light sub-sector), will be relieved by elements of the 90th Division. The :i.38th Infantry will relieve the 156th Brigade on 4th October. 1918, under arrangements made by C. G. 150th Brigade and C. G. 179th Brigade. (c) The following personnel will be left with the incoming troops for 24 hours after comma ml [lasses: 1 Brigade Statf < Iflieer from 155th Brigade to 89th Division Headquarters. 1 Brigade Staff Officer from 156th Brigade to 90th Division Headquarters. 1 Regimental Staff Officer from 155th Brigade to 178th Brigade. 1 Regimental Staff Officer from 156th Brigade to 179th Brigade. 1 Battalion Staff Officer to each of the Incoming Battalions. 1 Company Officer to each of the Incoming Companies. 1 N. (.'. O. to each of the Incoming Platoons. 1 Artillery Officer from 5th P. A. Brigade to 164th F. A. Brigade. (d) All plans, maps, and other papers pertaining to the sector, will be turned over to the incoming troops. (e) Proper officers of special units (Signal troops, Engineer troops, Medical troops, etc.) will at once confer with corresponding officers of the 89th and 90th Divisions, and arrange for turning over these services. (f) Every precaution will he taken to prevent flic enemy's discovering the fact that a relief is to take place or is taking place. There will be no increase of traffic during daylight and all movements of tioops and vehicles will be made quietly al night. (g) The details of the relief of the 153rd F. A Brigade by the 5th F. A. Brigade will be effected by mutual arrangements between Artillery Commanders. 4. Instructions regarding stores, properly, supplies, etc., will be covered in administrative orders. 5. Command will pass as indicated below: Battalion — upon completion of relief. Regimental — upon completion of relief. Left Sub-Sector— at 23 hours. 4th October. 1918. Right Sub-Sector— at 23 hours. 4th Oct,, her. 1918. LIMEY SECTOR— al 23 hours, tth October, 1918. Command of flic 5th F. A. Brigade will pass to C. G. 90th Division at 23 hours. 4th October, 1918. 6. P. C. 78th Division will close al present location at 10 hours. 5th October, 1918. and will open at GIHONVIl.LK on same date and hour. By command of Major General McRae. C. D. Hkrron, ( hief of Staff. 82 History of the Seventy-eighth Division by those which were to relieve the front line battalions the next night and the march of the 303rd Engineers, the 307th Machine Gun Battalion, the machine gun units of the 155th Brigade and the four battalions which were in brigade and division reserve to the Foret de la Reine. The next night it was another story. The front line battalion of the 311th got only as far as the Bois des Grandes Portions before bivouacking under cover for the day, while the rest of the regiment reached the Foret de la Reine on time. The 310th began its relief soon after dark, but the last elements of the regiment did not clear Thiaucourt until 4.00 hours on the 5th. Needless to say they had not cleared the Bois d'Euvezin by dawn, but since there was a heavy mist, the regiment pushed steadily until it reached the Foret de la Reine badly fatigued and hungry. The 309th had even worse luck because its relief was so delayed by enemy fire and some con- fusion as to the roads the relieving units were to follow that "D" Company could not get out of the extreme front line at all and had to wait for the next night. The rest of the regiment was shelled on its way out and only reached the Bois d'Euvezin, where it halted during the day. The foot troops moved from wherever they were on the even- ing of the 5th to Mecrin, a long, hard march through the mud and rain which would have been hard for fresh troops and was almost too much for men just out of a hard sector. The next march began in the morning, was as long as the others in distance and even worse for the torture of it. The 156th Brigade moved on through Cam- pigny and Menil to Pierrefitte and when their column had passed, the 155th Brigade followed on to Nicey. There they dropped into the mud — such as had been able to stumble on that far in the rain — and slept until the French trucks with their Chinese drivers and childishly methodical officers arrived to pack them in and trundle them over the last stage of the trip. The Division had originally been withdrawn from the line in order to become First Army Reserve, attached to the Third Corps and was to march to Nixeville area just west of Verdun. These orders were amended by telephone about 13.00 hours on October 5th, while Division Headquarters were at Gironville where they had moved from Loge Mangin. The new orders which finally arrived shifted us to the western flank of the American Army and we headed for the Clermont area in the southern part of the Argonne Forest. Headquarters jumped ahead to Benoite Vaux, an ancient convent and village, on the 6th, and to Beauchamp Ferme on the 7th. The horse transport column moved out of the St. Mihiel region on the 5th and 6th, going to Pierrefitte via Apremont and St. Mihiel. The next day it continued its weary way to the Clermont area via Amblainville-St. Andre-Ippecourt-Ville-sur-Cou- x»' 84 History of the Seventy-eighth Division sances and Jubecourt. It did not arrive at its destination until October 9th. While on the road some modern type of Diogenes went looking around a gasoline tank with a lighted match, and having better luck than the old Greek in his search for an honest man, blew himself up, and at the same time cut down the 311th transport animals by twenty-two. Fortunately none of the 311th men were injured. The motorized machine gun battalion and other motor trans- port except the Supply Train which moved on the orders of the Division Quartermaster, left the Foret de la Reine at 19 hours, October 5th, staged overnight at Saulx on the 5th, at Rumont on the 6th, and reached its destination at Camp Chillaz on October 7th. The Artillery Brigade and Ammunition Train moved from the Puvenelle sector by way of Regnieville-Euvezin-Pannes-Nonsard to the Bois de la Belle Oziere and Bois d'Euvezin. This column moved on through the same wretched weather as the infantry and horse transport by way of Troyon-sur-Meuse-Souilly-Ippecourt- Fleury-Waly and Brizeau to Futeau, which was reached on the 9th. The brigade had never had its full complement of animals and had lost many from sickness while in the line. Consequently the work of moving the guns and caissons was doubly hard upon the remaining beasts and both animals and men were badly in need of a rest when they reached the Futeau region west of the area in which the infantry were camped. The feelings of misery and overwhelming fatigue which all members of the division experienced at this time can best be illus- trated by the desperate answer which Lieutenant Devine of the 308th Field Artillery gave an angry major-general en route. Devine was struggling along with part of his battery through the mud and rain one night when the battery cooker, showing less resistance than a human being, collapsed in a hopeless fashion, blocking the whole road. While he was looking at the wreck and wondering where the hot rations and coffee for his men were going to come from without a cooker, a limousine rolled up and was stopped by the wreck. An angry head popped out of the window and demanded to know who was in command of this battery. Devine presented himself and saw he was talking to a major general. The latter hotly asked what he meant by blocking the road, and without waiting for an answer shouted: "Young man, instead of being in command of a battery, you ought to be in jail!" A vision of a warm, dry building with a bunk, dry clothes, no mud, hot meals, and no responsibility for weary, hungry "redlegs" passed through Devine's mind. Then he drew himself up, and said: "Sir, I wish to God I was in jail!" And the general went on. The foot troops, after the bus movement along the famous s 5:5 & = y' » "• «- 3 - ■ Z. OQ.AS Oi <5 *< - 3 -=-- ■O O "5 - p 2 = =- 1-3 S'l Im | = "< S.P ■3 3- - " — r~ ~ >• T. ~ — tJ n n s o - ~ GUSTS.! G CO ° .* - -J B sl-"" 5 Sag § 2. i= 5. S-ffi ^ 2.S. ? a — — ^ — : CD r* n — - — 5 B o ~ 5 a.* - - n ■-T. ' i . "*■ 2. v ~ - x ■O p _ S 5 - 3 - ~. 3 c?S S- £? =-~ s ^ srs 8 i S.S g ='£. 3 o- a 5 2.5" S J—CT5 P — 3 pa far , liiii'limi, 80 History of the Seventy-eighth Division highway over which Verdun had been supplied during the heroic defense in 1916, had reached their destinations on the 7th in the woods and temporary barracks around Beauchamp Ferine west of Clermont. There they spent the 8th and 9th resting, cleaning and refitting. Most of the 155th Brigade and part of the 156th were given a bath and some clean clothing before the orders arrived for a movement into the Argonne Forest, west of Montblainville on October 10th. With the arrival of that order, another chapter, the most vital of all in the division's history begins. The men who had crawled into the French 'busses around Chatenois on the 10th of September as raw troops, a month later knew what war was. They had taken over a sector which such fighting men as the Second Division were glad to get out of, and had organized it in the face of an enemy occupying prepared positions, well supplied with artillery, possessed of superior observation and maintaining air supremacy. Their spirit had been unshaken by continuous day and night fire of all kinds, which caused serious losses before the defensive works were sufficiently advanced to afford good shelter. They established a personal supremacy over the enemy infantry and reduced them to a passive defence. The staff work had become smoother and accustomed to changes in personnel, for while in the Limey Sector, Colonel Charles D. Herron had succeeded Lieutenant Colonel Cootes as Chief of Staff, and Colonel Patrick Guiney and Major R. P. Lemly had turned over the important posts of Division Quartermaster and Ordnance Officer to Major Kruttsehnitt and Captain Mitchell. After three weeks of this severe testing in com- bat, the division had come through the strain of a prolonged forced inarch in a manner reflecting the highest praise upon the discipline, courage and stamina of both officers and men. They were ready now for the even more important and dangerous mission upon which they were to set out the morning of October 10th. (IIAITKU V. MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE UK AMERICAN success in the St. Mihiel Salient demon- strated the possibility of ending the war before winter by one great offensive against the shaken enemy forces. The Allied High Command determined, therefore, to with- draw part of the American Army from St. Mihiel, to re-enforce it with fresh divisions, and to use them in a speeded effort to smash the German lines of communica- tion between Sedan and Montmedy. Through these places ran a railroad line skirting the Argonne to the north, which handled nearly one-half of the supplies and troop movements of the Germans. This road was the jugular vein of their system of supply and it had to be cut. So, immediately after the St. Mihiel drive, while the 78th Division was consolidating the positions in the Limey Sector, many of the American divisions in the St. Mihiel Salient were relieved and sent north where the First American Army took over from the French the sector between the Meuse and La Harozee. The Amer- ican divisions in this sector, in line and in reserve, at the beginning of this great battle, September 26th, formed in columns of route would stretch 477 miles and require twenty-four, eight-hour days to pass in review. In addition to these, there were French Artillery units and various Corps and Army troops. Preparations for the battle were made with great speed. It was well nigh impossible to entirely conceal the movement in rear areas from the enemy — the time of preparation was so short — the forces invoved so great. Prisoners taken during the drive said they had expected tin- attack the l 2.5th. The attack actually occurred the 26th. The Argonne-Meuse front is characterized by its difficult terrain; heavily wooded, high hills, and long, narrow valleys along which the progress of any considerable body of troops was exceed- ingly difficult. The roads were few and bad. The western part of this front, in and along the Argonne Forest, was the worst. In short, this was one of the wildest regions of France, densely forested, with deep ravines, and roads that were nothing more than wood- land trails. Such a country was admirably suited for defense and most difficult for offensive action of infantry and tanks, which had for some time been the principal tactical offensive combination of the Allies. These natural defenses had been thoroughly organized Meuse-Argonne Offensive 89 by the Germans. The Hindenburg Line was a completely organ- ized trench system — the development of four years of trench war- fare. Every hillside was honeycombed with dugouts where reserves of men and supplies could he kept with safety. Cleverly concealed, narrow-gauge railways ran almost up to the front lines. In rear of the Hindenburg Line ran the Kriemhilde-Stellung, from Grandpre — Champigneulle St. Georges and Romagne, to Brilles-sur-Meuse — less completely organized, but of tremendous natural strength. Along the portion of this line where the 78th Division fought, the Germans had the advantage of high ground and excellent cover, while our troops had to advance across open country, up-hill with a broad, open river flat at their backs, and across which all supplies had to be brought. Between the Kriem- hilde-Stellung and Sedan, another defensive line had been staked out and some little work had been done, but no serious obstacles were to be expected after forcing the Kriemhilde until the line of the Meuse River was reached. On the morning of the 26th of September, the battle of the Argonne began. The Americans attacked over a front of eighteen miles, with nine divisions in line. The artillery preparation was very heavy, and despite the difficulties of terrain and position, a very considerable breach was made in the enemy's positions. By night of the 27th, the line ran fairly straight from Dannevoux to Montblainville — a gain of about four and one-half miles. This was nearly halfway to the Germans' second withdrawal line, the Kriemhilde-Stellung. In the days immediately succeeding, however, the gains were small. The impetuosity of the American advance had left much to be done in the way of "mopping up" and consolidating the ground won. Moreover, the Germans thoroughly alarmed, and alive to the importance of this part of their line, took the strongest counter measures. To their four divisions already on this front were added five on the 27th, three on the 28th, and one on the 29th, drawn in many cases from other parts of the line and largely composed of good quality troops. A week after the start of the Argonne-Meuse offensive, the 78th Division was relieved from the Limey Sector. The relief began on the night of October .'5-4. and was completed the following night. At the same time, the 153rd Field Artillery Brigade and the 303rd Ammunition Train, which had not been with the division since leaving Camp Dix, were relieved from active duty with the 90th Division in the Puvenelle Sector, which was just south of the Limey Sector. The Division was assembled in the Foret de la Heine after the relief. This necessitated a march of eighteen to twenty-two miles for some of the units in the outpost line. From the Foret de la D. -a H I W Q < o Meuse-Argonne Offensive 91 P. ('. 7Htli Division, 9th October, l:»18. •>:i:ll(l Hours. SECRET FIELD ORDER, No. a. Maps: ARGONNE— 1 50,000. VERDUN— 1/80,000. BAR LE Dl'C— 1 80,000. 1. The 78th Division, (less Artillery Brigade) will move by marching, as indicated in accompany- ing march table, to Area vacated by '28th Division, West of MONTBLAINVILLE. 2. In moving along used mads, troops will march in column of two or files in such manner that traffic will not be interfered with. Distance of ■ kilometer between regiments « III In- maintained. Transport and trains will move in groups of twenty (20) vehicles, with fifty (50) meters between groups. FIELD AND COMBAT TRAINS WILL ACCOMPANY UNITS. STRICT ROAD DISCIPLINE WILL HE MAINTAINED. :S. THE LEADING INFANTRY Brigade will complete its march on 10th October, 1918. The remaining units will camp for the night 10/11 October, 1918, near LA CHALADE and complete the march on 11th October, 1918. ROAD WILL HE LEFT ENTIRELY FREE OK PERSONNEL AND TRANSPORT WHEN TROOPS (iO INTO CAMP < amp Sites in area West of MOXTHLAINVILLE will be assigned to units of the 156th Brigade by the Commanding General lotith Brigade. Camp Sites in vicinity of LA CHALADE will be assigned to 155th Brigade and remaining units of the Division by the C. G. 155th Brigade. 4. RAILHEAD— No change. DISTRIBUTING POINTS: 155th Brigade, and other troops „,,t listed— Oct. 10, LA CHALADE. Oct. 11. and thereafter. Road Triangle at 99.74. 156th Brigade — Oct. 1(1, and thereafter. Road Triangle at 99.74. Division Hdqrs. ami Headquarters Troop — Oct in. and thereafter. at VARRENNES. Officers in charge of Brigade dumps and Division group dump, will remain in charge of same until further orders. All organizations disposing of motor transportation will unload all trucks immediately upon arrival at LA CHALADE or other destination, and report them back to Railhead to Lieut. Wagner for rations Brigade Adjutants will proceed as instructed. Ambulance Posts will be established at LA CHALADE and at 993.725 at Military Police Post. 5. I', <"s. as follows 7Sth Division close at BEAUCHAMP FME, at 15 hours. 10th October, 1918, and open at YAR- ENNES on same date and hour. 156th Brigade close at present location at 1 '2 noon. Kith October, 1918. and open at CAMP BOUZON I 1 Km. Southwest of MONTBLA1W I LLP I on same dale and hour. 155th Brigade close at present location at 15 hours. Kit li October. 1918. and open at LA CHALADE on same date and hour. Immediate report will be made to Division P ( when movement is completed. By command of Major General McRae. C. D. Hereon, Chief of Staff. fa "u <5 -a.b o PS fa H 09 •9) fa fa o fa .2 I °- Hd' « o 3 -5- tf 2 o Meuse-Argonne ({(fens-) re 93 Reine, the division moved in four columns — that is. along four different roads — to the Clermont Area in the Argonne Forest. This march from the Limey Sector to the Argonne will never be forgotten. Men started, tired and nearly exhausted from a three weeks' strenuous tour in the line which had also been their first experience there. Many were suffering from the effects of gas and dysentery. The march continued for three days and nights with only occasional rests of a few hours. The necessity for haste made longer stops impossible. The division that camped in the Clermont Area on the 7th of October was a body of footsore, tired, dirty and hungry men. Two days were spent here, and some of the men had an opportunity to get a bath, clean clothes and plenty of good hot food. On October 10th, the division moved further north into the Argonne.* That night the 156th Infantry Brigade bivouacked near Camp Boucon and the 155th Infantry Brigade on the wooded slopes west of La Chalade, where shortly after halting some of the cooks attempted to prepare a hot evening meal and were pro- gressing nicely when a squadron of "Fritz"' bombers were attracted to the vicinity, several terriffic crashes followed the landing of bombs, which fortunately were poorly directed, and the loss incurred was the anticipated hot meal and two animals on the picket line. The division, less Artillery Brigade, was now in close reserve and alerted, ready to move on one hour's notice, with Division Post, of Command in the ancient town of Yarennes. The days spent here gave opportunity for much needed rest. During the afternoon of October 14th, over fourteen hundred infantry replacements from the 86th Division were received. They were fine, upstanding men of good calibre, but lacking in both training and experience. No time was lost in assigning them to companies and during that night and the following day our own veterans gave them intensive training in attack deployment. Our own 153rd Artillery Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General Clint T. Hearn, and 303rd Ammunition Train, which had been marching from the Puvenelle Sector, joined the division on October 10th at Futeau. Division P. C. moved from Varrennes to Le Menil Ferme at midnight on the 12th. The 15(>th Brigade bivouacked about a mile south of La Viergette, the 155th Brigade and the Artillery Brigade near Apremont. About noon, October 15th, orders from First Army Corps Headquarters reached Division Headquarters, directing the 78th Division to relieve the 77th Division that night. f The 77th was operating in the Grandpre-St. Juvin sector on a front of three and one-half miles. The relief was ordered to be completed by 6 A. M. October 16th. The 155th Infantry Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General Mark L. Hersey, and composed of 309th-310th *See F. O. No. 22, P. C. 78th Division, 9 October, 1918. fSeeF. (). No. 25th, P. C. 78th Division. 15 October. 1918. o w z o Oh Our ni« -ii in possession <>i" the << K W I > PRE railroad staion. Road leading oui of ^ VRBNNES with notable group ->t' German war buts on the hillside. A study in expression, receiving mail From home during ;i lull in the fighting. 96 History of the Seventy-eighth Division P. C. 78th Division, 11 October, 1918. SECRET FIELD ORDER, No. 24. Maps: Same as for Field Order No. 23 1. The 78th Division will move forward via the main ridge road in the FORET DARGONNE to camps as indicated below: 156th Infantry Brigade to BOIS DE CORNAY (southwest of CORNAY). 155th Infantry Brigade to BOIS DE CHATEL (we*st of CHATEL CHEHERY). 303rd Engineers I Camp in 303rdjSanitary Train J Woods South 307th*MachinVGun Bn. ) of 155th Infantry 303rd Trains and M. P. I Brigade. 2. In case roads are found impassable for transportation, vehicles may move in small groups in the BAULNY-FLEVILLE roads to destinations. Such movement to be made under the supervision of the C. O. Headquarters Train and M. P. 3. All roads to East and North of the new camps, and all river crossings between APREMONT and GRAND-PRE will be reconnoitered. On reaching camps, the troops will be held under cover and prepared to move into action, or to occupy the defensive position, GRAND PRE, CORNAY-FLEVILLE. 4. Changes in administrative details will be announced when necessary. 5. P. C's. as follows: 78th Division — No change. 15Gth Brigade — Near cross-roads 96.3-81.3. 155th Brigade— Near cross-roads 96.8-78.8. Brigades and separate organization commanders will order necessary preliminary reconnaissances. By command of Major General McRae. C. D. Herron, Chief of Staff. DISTRIBUTION: Same as for Field Order No. 23, 78th Division, October 10th, 1918. X O y. ■j. e- O - 2 •a ^ s- 3- 3" o s»r * a c ci u One of our machine gun crews concealed in this dark doorway did valiant work against the enemy This pari of GRAND PRE was badly wrecked in the fighting of Oct. 17-lS-l!) I ... Dwivlint!- "ii tlir mitskirls of GRAND PRK suffered same as those in the town proper 102 History of fhc Seventy-eighth Division P. C. 78th Division, 15th October, 1918. 15:30 Hours. SECRET FIELD ORDER, No. 25. Maps: BUZANCY— 1/20,000. VOUZIERS— 1/20,000. 1. Pursuant to instructions from the I Corps, the 78th Division, (less Artillery Brigade), will relieve the 77th Division in its present sector, on the night of the 15/16th October. 1918, under arrange- ments made by the C. G. 77th Division. 2. (a) The 77th Division holds its sector with the 153rd Infantry Brigade on the right, and the 154th Infantry Brigade on the left. (b) The 153rd Infantry Brigade holds its brigade subsector with the 305th Infantry on the right, and the 306th Infantry on the left. (c) The 154th Infantry Brigade holds its Brigade subsector with the 308th Infantry on the right, and the 307th Infantry on the left. (d) The flank regiment on each Brigade furnishes one battalion of infantry as Brigade Reserve, and the interior regiment of each Brigade furnished one battalion of infantry for division reserve. (e) The Divisional Machine Gun Battalion is also in Division Reserve. (f) Latest information places P. C.'s as follows: P. C. 77th Division at CHATEL CHEHERY. P. C. 153rd Infantry Brigade at LA BESOCNE P. C. 154th Infantry Brigade at LA MALASSISE FME. P. ('. 305th Infantry at 96.6-81.6. P. C. 306th Infantry at CORNAY. P. C. 307th Infantry at CHEVIERES. P. C. 308th Infantry at LA MALASSISE FME. P. C. Division Reserve at LA BESOGNE. (g) BOUNDARIES OF SECTOR now held by 77th Division: EAST (Right) BOUNDARY: ST. .IUVIN (inclusive)— COTE 182 (inclusive)— Eastern edge of the BOIS DES LOGES— RESILLE FME. (exclusive). WEST (Left) BOUNDARY: GRAND-PRE (inclusive)— TALMA (inclusive)— HALTS BATIS FME. (inclusive)— BOULT AUX BOIS (inclusive). INTER-BRIGADE BOUNDARY, (from North to South)— Meridan 292— Hill 230— Hill 220— FME. DES LOGES (to Right Brigade)— CHEVIERES. 3. (a) The 156th Infantry Brigade will relieve the 153rd Infantry Brigade. (b) The 155th Infantry Brigade will relieve the 154th Infantry Brigade. (c) The 153rd F. A. Brigade will relieve the 152nd F. A. Brigade on the night of 10/17th October. 1918. (d) All concerned will make the necessary reconnaissance at once (down to and including i officei from each Company and 1 N. C. O. from each platoon). Special services (Engineers, Signals, Medical, etc.) will confer at once with their corresponding number in the 77th Division with a view to taking over the corresponding service. (e) Each organization will report to the next higher commander upon completion of the relief. This report will cover the following points: (1) Disposition of units down to and including battalions. (2) Location of P. C. (3) Location of front line and how held. (4) Location, composition and name and organization of commander of combat liaison groups. (5) Casualties during relief. (x) The Divisional Reserve, consisting of one battalion of infantry from each Infantry Brigade, and 307th Machine Gun Battalion, will take over the present position of the 77th Divisional Reserve. Lieut. Colonel A. D. Budd, 311th Infantry, will assume command of the Divisional Reserve at 6 hours. (y) ALL MAPS, ORDERS. ETC., WILL BE TAKEN OVER BY INCOMING UNITS. ~ o 1'. • 4 H SQ a -*• .4 . Meuse-Argonne Offensive 105 4. ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS LATER: Immediate report will be made of any shortages 'if necessarj trench and sector stores in the area to be occupied. 5. Command » ill pass at 16 llo ir .. / //; October, TQl v POSTS OF COMMAND: Thai of corresponding units of the 77th Division throughout, except in ease of 7sth l)l\ l-|( >N I' < , which remains in ils present location. Later should it be considered desirable, 1'. C's., may I"- changed with the approval of tin' nexl higher commander, in which case, the new location "ill be reported to the office of G-8 at one The Division Commander expects all concerned to effect this relief in the prompt and efficient manner which characterized our last entry into the line. RELIEF WILL BE COMPLETED BY 6 HOURS. It will be borne in mind by all that higher authority may order a continuation tomorrow morning of the present offensive. By command of Major General McRae. Official: E. S, Hay] 3 , Lieut. Col. G-3. ('. I). Berron, Chief of Staff . DISTRIBUTION: 1— C. C. 78th Div. •J— c. of S. 3— G-l 4— V,-i 5— G-3 6— Div 7— Div 8— Div 9 Div 10— Div II Div ! .' He 1 ; l>r, 14— Div 15— Div Hi— Div. Judgi IT— Div. Q. M is Div- lO— Div SO— Div 21— Div 22— Finani lin \rt otr. Eng. OIL M. G. Off Sig.Off. Gas Off. Surgeon \ eterinarian Dental Off Adjutant Inspector \dv lin. Brig. Btj did. (iir Postal (> I.I. Ferguson 57— 82nd Div. 58— 7?lli Dh 59— Lt. Col. Budd. .Ullli Inf 60 71st French Div. (it -7(1 Extra AS (1IVEN IN WARNINO NOTE. — The planes now working with the 77th Division are De Haviland 4's, wilb Liberty Motors. Markings: A red-and-Wbite chevron on the underside of the lower wing. Some have, in addition to the above, a stencilled Statue of Liberty similarly placed. It is assumed that for a daj or two, the same planes will work with Ibis Division. I en H O O cc W Q O 05 Meuse-Argonne Offensive 107 Infantry and 308th Machine Gun Battalion, was assigned to the eastern subsector, and the L56th Infantry Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General James T. Dean, and composed of 311th-312th Infantry and :509th Machine Gun Battalion, to the western sub- sector. The infantry regiments were in line in numerical order extending from St. Juvin to Grandpre, thus. 309th-310th-311th- 312th. There were two chief enemy strongholds against which opera- tions in this sector must he directed — the Bois des Loges, which lay in the sector of the 155th Brigade, and the town of Grandpre, which was in the 156th Brigade sec-tor. The Bois des Loges is a tract of scrub underbrush, a little less than a mile square, cut by many wood trails in all directions, and by natural gullies running generally east and west. It rises abruptly from the south to a bald peak in the northwest, affording complete observation of the ground in front where our troops were dug in. French maps gave the height as 618 feet, hut captured German maps, which later proved to he correct, gave the height as 702 feet. The trees and underbrush made excellent cover and yet were not dense enough to hinder effective machine gun fire. Strong supporting positions on both flanks made it impossible to work in from the sides, and left only one alternative —a frontal attack across open ground and up hill. The German defenses in the Bois i\vs Loges consisted of many machine guns, alone and in nests, so placed as to fire in all directions and also support each other. It was impossible to attack one machine gun without coming under the fire of several others on either side of it. The Grandpre stronghold was formed by three points- Talma Hill, Hill 204, and the so-called citadel of Grandpre. The citadel is situated on a long, narrow tongue of land ending in a cliff about thirty feet high in the middle of the town. This tongue of land commands the surrounding country within a radius of nearly a mile. At the foot and on the top of the cliff were groups of strongly-built machine gun nests. This citadel was the key to Grandpre; without it. Grandpre was of no advantage only a death trap. The position was made still stronger by a loop which the Aire River makes to the north between Grandpre and Chevieres. making an assault from that flank impractical. The 77th Division when relieved, held a line south of the Aire River extending through Chevieres, St. Juvin and the ridge north of Sommerance, which was outside the normal sector assigned to the division. The enemy was offering stubborn resistance with machine guns and some artillery, and the 77th was greatly reduced in numbers and pretty generally exhausted. The night of the relief. October 15-16, was intensely dark and rainy. The roads were .jammed with transport and men going in to I co W O o a Q o Meuse-Argonne ({(fens- ire 109 both directions. During the night, telephonic orders came to Division P. C, directing an attack at 6.00 A. M., October Kith, the time set for the completion of the relief. It was after five o'clock in the morning before this order reached some of the newly estab- lished Regimental P. C's. and from these it had to be sent out to the Battalions, whose exact locations were not known. Owing to the confusion incident to lack of guides from the division being relieved and the abominable weather conditions, the relief of some of the units was not completed until hours after the time set for the attack. Resides this, the shattered condition of the front made the exact location of the Germans uncertain — except as to their general direction. On the right the attack was made as ordered, however, by the 309th Infantry, under command of Colonel John M. Morgan, with two battalions advancing on the Bois des Loges from the southeast. The .SlOth, whose relief was not completed until late in the morning, came up in the afternoon, joined with the .'509th and got a foothold in the Bois des Loges. Added to the difficulties of an attack against a strong position was complete ignorance of the ground, over which there had been no chance for reconnaisance — the original idea having been to relieve the 82nd Division, which was on the right of the 77th, the change in orders reaching the Division too late to permit of such reconnaisance. Water and mud were knee deep in many places, and everyone was tired out after the experience of the previous night and the lack of any sleep. In the left brigade, the .'511th Infantry, under command of Colonel Marcus B. Stokes, got into position in time to attack through the mist at (i.:50 A. M.. without any definite knowledge as to exact location of the enemy's line. The 2nd Battalion, under command of Major George T. Adee, took some prisoners in the town to Chevieres, and continued the advance to the Aire at the north and west of the town. Troops pushed across the stream at this point under heavy enemy machine gun fire and gained a foothold there. When the 2nd Battalion, 312th Infantry under Major Mal- lory. advanced to relieve the 77th Division units in the town of Grandpre. the enemy was found to occupy the citadel and all of the northern and eastern parts of the town. Troops of the 77th had attacked in the southern part of the town the previous night and had taken a number of prisoners, but after severe fighting had retired again to the south of the Aire, leaving only a small patrol in the western end of the town. In some of the houses, the enemy held the upper stories and a sort of perpendicular warfare ensued. Before 11 o'clock, October Kith, Major Mallory's men had taken thirty-four prisoners and about half the town. Major Mallorv himself being severely wounded during the early part of the fighting. - 1 - rffi ' SSI ■-■r H ■ .--/,- ><*.. -"for ftSSfeffeR bo I -J} o o a o Meuse-Argonne Offensive III It took five days of house-to-house fighting to complete the capture of the rest of tlu> town, excepl the citadel. Further west, the 1st Battalion of the 312th, under Major Debevoise, and a machine gun company detailed as a liaison detach- ment to the .'SStli French Corps, lorded the river in the morning under heavy machine gun and artillery fire, with difficulty estab- lished liaison with the French at Echaude Farm and dug in along the Grandpre-Termes Road. Meanwhile the right Brigade of our Division was engaged in desperate fighting. The 310th Infantry, under command of Col. Walter ('. Babcock, with the 3rd Battalion, supported by the 1st Battalion, all under Captain Crozier, attacked the Bois des Loges toward the west and promptly dug in on the western side of the woods. Information from Corps Headquarters indicated that the success of the whole military situation depended upon our troops reaching the northern edge of the Bois des Loges before the morning of October lSlh. At daybreak, Companies B and I) had advanced to within thirty yards of the northwest edge of the woods, while Companies A and C on their right, were held up by a line of machine Him nests midway through the woods. Desperate fighting con- tinued in the woods all day, during which all the officers of Com- panies A and C, 310th, became casualties. These Companies were reorganized along with remnants of several others and led forward by Captain Remington of the 309th Infantry. Before nightfall, strong enemy counter-attacks were met. Desperate hand to hand combat with the Germans gained supremacy for our weakened, thin line temporarily, hut previous heavy losses deprived us of sufficient manpower to drive further at this juncture. The attack was continued on the l?th and 18th, and on the l!)th our artillery placed a heavy two-hour concentration fire on the numerous enemy machine gun positions in the northern portion of the Bois des Loges and the ridge to the northwest, hut this had little or no apparent effect on their substantial cover. Three times the 309th and 310th persistently advanced and were stopped each time. Fighting with grim determination and unsurpassed courage in this bloody salient, companies and battalions became hopelessly intermingled. Deeds of exceptional personal courage and con- scientious devotion to duty were numerous during these days and nights, many of which can never be recorded because participants and witnesses alike gave their lives shortly after. The medical detachments carried on their work of mercy in a constant storm of machine gun and artillery fire; the signalmen under continual expos- ure, labored day and night to maintain the lines of communication which were all-important; the alert and never-failing runners, dis- regarding personal safety, carried messages to the front. Hanks and rear through gas and over ground swept by machine gun and shell fire. o en w c c ►J en w Q O o Meuse-Argonne Offensive 113 The enemy machine gunners in the woods were supported by plentiful artillery in their rear to concentrate upon the open spaces before the wood and on the irregular open slopes east and west, which were linked together in singular fashion favorable to the enemy's purpose. He was not in this instance to depend upon small groups of machine gunners to fighl to the death. Knowing' from past experience that these would be overcome by our hammering tactics, he was prepared to keep on putting in reserves for counter- ing our attacks. Our troops that had reached the edge of the woods drove half way through on the morning of the 17th, hut were with- drawn to make an attack from the west. The reserves sent to hold the line gained had a rough and tumble with a German counter- attack and had to yield slightly. The attack from the west under the Banking fire of Hill ISO managed to dig in and hold on to the west side of the wood. Making progress this was indeed, but it was progress at a fearful cost. The position was too murderous, however thoroughly the men dug. to he maintained. If they were not to he massacred in their hasty shelters, they must either go forward or hack. On the morning of the 18th, according to orders, the support battalions passed through the front line, rushing and outflanking enemy machine gun nests, in a fight that became a scramble of units, each clearing its way as fast as it could, and numbers of our men broke through the northern edge of the woods. All the while the Germans instead of holding fast to their positions, were acting on the offensive at every opportunity, infiltrating down the ravines, trying to creep around isolated parties and again charge them. It was a fighl between individuals and groups acting as their own generals, thrown on their own resources and initiative — German veterans with four years experience in this kind of fighting against our own fearless and quick-witted veterans of but a few months. On the lmh. the 1st Battalion. 309th Infantry, under Captain Parsons, advanced twice almost to the northern edge of the woods but was driven back with heavy losses. The enemy was keeping up an incessant fire with machine guns, which our artillery had not succeeded in reducing, and was also sending over great numbers of high explosives, shrapnel, and gas shells. The fighting of these days in the Hois des Loges is hard to describe. The confusion incident to fighting in woods and the ingenious defensive organization of the German machine gun nests made the control of any large body of men almost impossible. Men fought in small, disconnected groups. Often one of these groups would work its way well into the German lines and then, finding it was alone, would have to fight its wax- back again. Casualties wen' extremely heavy, and it was not uncommon to find sergeants in command of companies, and in several cases, two and three companies were united under one officer. B w a o 'SI w Q O pa Meuse-Argonne Offensive 115 The tt^nd Division on our right had been unable to advance. With Champigneulle and the heights and ravines to the East and North still held l>y the enemy, our position in the Bois des Loges was untenable. Our losses were becoming out of all proportion to the advantages to be gained by remaining in the woods, and neither the Division nor Corps had available replacements for our losses. So, after carrying out their almost hopeless (ask with superb ardor and fortitude, these exhausted men of the 78th in the gas- saturatcd Bois des Loges were, on I he night of October 1!), told they were to fall back to the Grandpre-St. Juvin road, abreast of the line of the 82nd Division, and they complained. They might be staggering with fatigue and nearly suffocated with gas but they had been fighting in hot blood at close quarters for that portion of the woods. They did not want to yield this dearly bought ground They were critical of the order which compelled them to retrace their steps in the darkness - which was done in good order — across the levels that had been spattered with blood of their comrades. The efforts of the officers and men engaged in this frontal attack on an admirably organized enemy position, which could not be flanked because the units on the right and left had been unable to advance, was as able, brave, determined and persistent as any in all the stubborn fighting on the Argonne front. Xo better illus- tration of the excellent spirit these men showed could be found than the fact that their main criticism of the four day's fighting was that they were ordered to withdraw. The work of Major Segarra and Captain Jones of the 309th Infantry, as battalion com- manders, was particularly praiseworthy, as were also the exploits of Captain W. L. Hay of the .'510th and Companies B and I) of the 310th. After the advances through the woods, Captain Ray found himself near the northern edge with twenty-four men, almost sur- rounded and attacked by a greatly superior force. By skillful handling of his men, he regained our lines with two prisoners, suffer- ing only three casualties and inflicting many on the enemy. Com- panies B and D. .'510th Infantry, went along the western side of the woods to the northern edge during the night of October 17-lSth. They expected to connect up with Companies A and C in the morn- ing, but morning found Companies A and C held up midway through the woods, so thai B and 1) found themselves alone with Germans on three sides of them. They were cut off from communi- cation and unable to move all day. but during the early hours of darkness, made' their way back to the road at the southern edge of the woods with hardly a casualty, so well was the withdrawal conducted. While the attacks against the Bois des Loges were taking place, persistent attempts by the 156th Brigade were being made to gain possession of the whole town of Grandpre and to push our lines Under almost constant enemy fire, our 303rd Engineers repaired necessary bridges over the Aire River. Only shattered walls left standing at LE NOl'E LE COQ These massive thick walls at CHEVIERES crumpled under the heavy artillery pounding Meuse-Argonne Offensive 111 P C. 78th Division, [8th October, litis. SECRET FIELD ORDER, No. 28. Map: BUZANCY— 1/20,000. 1. The following operations will take place tonight: The heavy Divisional Artillery, assisted liy Corps and Army Artillery, will tire within the following quadrilateral, from midnight to 2:00 Hours, ll'lth October, 1918: 291.95-286 :s<) '.'!>-_' 20-286 SO J!>-> •■><>- -is? 1)11 •i'.n !). _ )-'2H7.00 The greater part of this fire being directed against that position of GRAND PRE which lies within this* quadrilateral. At 2:0(1 Hours, this Artillery fire will lift and make harassing and interdiction fire on hostile back areas and on known battery positions, etc-. 2. When this tire lifts, the ( '. O. 312th Infantry will seize and consolidate the shelled area and the groundjto the North as far as the edge of the woods, (west of HELLE.JOYEISE FME.). 3. At 3:00 Hours, the C. O. 311th Infantry will advance, capture BELLEJOYEUSE FME.. connect with tin- right of the 312th Infantry, (See Par. 2), and with the left of tin- 310th Infantry on the ridge North of FME DES LOGES. 4. WHEN THESE FLANK CONNECTIONS ARE MADE, THE C. (i. 156th INFANTRY BRIGADE WILL CAUSE HIS NEW LINE To HE ADVANCED INTO THE HOIS DE ItOIR- GOGNE TO A Sl'FFK IENT DISTANCE TO PERMIT OF MOVEMENT TO PREVENT LOSS BY SHELL FIRE (AT LEAST 200 METERS). 5. Prompt report will be made of arrival of units on line. By command of Major Geueral McRae. C. I) Herron, Chief of Staff. Official: E. S. Hayes. Lt. Col., (i. S.. A. C. of S.. G-3. o. a 3 J3 DC B a o 3 .3 w si Q K O Meuse-Argonne Offensive 119 to the heights at the north of the town and into the southern edge of the Bois de Bourgogne. Attacks were made by the 312th Infantry. acting with the 311th on their right. The 311th gained possession of the Ferine des Loges and the ridge to its west, but the 312th. on their left, was held up in Grandpre and the Ferme had to be given up. After two hours artillery preparation, beginning at midnight on the ISth. an assault was made against the citadel in Grandpre and against Talma Hill to the west by the 312th, under Colonel A. V. P. Anderson. Two parties attacked the citadel; one was unable to scale the cliff because of machine gun fire from the Bois de Bourgogne. and a storm of hand grenades from the top of the cliff. The other party succeeded in reaching the top, only to be driven off by machine guns and grenades. The 1st Battalion, 311th Infantry, under Major Odom. made a successful attack and gained the ridge to the west of Ferme de Loges by 8.00 a. m. Its left was stopped at the foot of the slope a few hundred yards east of Bellejoyeuse Ferme. This position was held all day but on the night of the 19th, when the withdrawal from the Bois de Loges of the 155th Brigade was ordered, the 311th Infantry was ordered to conform to the movement and fall back to the general line through Ferme des Greves. There was a pause in the operations around Grandpre from October 20th to 23rd, to permit a careful reconnaisance and study of the situation. A new attack was planned for the 23rd.* The plan called for a heavy destructive fire and a concentration of non- persistent gas on the points to be attacked. A smoke screen was to be laid down to cover two converging attacks from Grandpre and Talma Hill. The attack began as scheduled and was partially successful. Troops of the 312th in Grandpre met with terrific machine gun and artillery fire, so that their advance was badly broken up. Lieu- tenant M. IL Harris, with three or four men, were the only ones to scale the wall of the citadel in time to accompany the rolling bar- rage. This small group reached Bellejoyeuse Ferme and indulged in a wild struggle with the garrison there, but, because of their insignificant number, could not take the place and were obliged to fall back to our lines in the park north of the citadel. The line here had been stopped by machine guns about a half mile from their jump-off and later fell back 325 yards to get better shelter from the severe artillery fire. The attack on Talma Hill was successful. The battalion objective was gained and patrols sent out along the south- ern edge of the Bois de Bourgogne. Seventy-eight prisoners were taken on the citadel, one man in Company K, 312th, taking forty- seven of them out of one dugout. About as many were taken by *See F. O. No. 29, P. ('. 78th Division, 21 October. 1918, and Operations Order No. 49, Hg. 153 F. A. Brigade. Meuse-Argonne Offensive 121 P. ('. 7Ht!i Division, 21st October, 1918, 2:30 hours. si<;ES LOGES and HOIS DES LOGES a 05 a- o < 05 O (5 oo e O Meuxe-. I rtjonnc Offensive 123 A bombardment of non-persistent gas will be placed upon the Southern edges of the HOIS I)K BOURGOGNE and upon the Western and Southern .-dps of HOIS DES LOOKS. This fire will be completed at H minus :i hours. At II hour, a smoke screen will be laid down from 92.9-87.8 to point 94.0-87.0, and from IT.RME DES TALMA to 91.0-87.0. The Artillery will not fire South of the citadel in GRAND PRE. The Artillery will cover the attack indicated in Paragraph 8-A, by creeping barrage, travelling at the rate of III!) meters in four minutes. Further details of artillery action, in Artillery Annex attached. (g) Weather permitting, low-flying aeroplanes will accompany the infantry ami assist in the reduction of machine gun nests at 90.5-87.3. (x) Combat troops will be in position at II minus '2 hours. Infantry will advance from their jumping off place at H hour. Full use will be made of phosphorous and Thermite grenades. 1 pounders and Stokes mortars. THIS ACTION MIST BE VIGOROUSLY PISHED. AS THE FUTURE OPERATIONS OF THE ENTIRE FIRST ARMY CROPS DEPENDS UPON ITS SIX (ESS 4. No change in Administrative details. 5. P. C"s. No change. By command of Major General McRae. C. D. Herbon. Chief of Staff. Official L. Frixk. Major. A. C. of S. 0-3. 1— C. G. 78th Div. 2— C. of S. 3— G-l 4— G-2 5— G-3 6— Div. Art. Off. 7— Div. Eng. Off. 8— Div. M. G. Off. 9— Div. Sig. Off. 10— Div. Gas Off. 11 — Div. Surgeon 12 — Div. Yeterinarian 13— Div. Dental Off. 14— Div. Adjutant 15 — Div. Inspector lf>— Div. Judge Adv. 17— Div. Q. M 18— Div. Ord. Off. 19— Div. Postal Off. 20— Div. Salvage Off. 21— Div. Billeting Off. i'.' Finance Dept. 23— V. O. Hq. Troop 24—1 Corps 25 — First Army 26— Div. Stat. 27— A. P. M 28— C. O. French Mission 29— War Diarv 30— Y. M. C.A. 31— 155th Brig. DISTRIBUTION: 32— 308th M. G. Bn. 33— 309th Inf. 34— 310th Inf. 35— 156th Brig. 36— 309th M. G. Bn. 37— 311th Inf. 38— 312th Inf. 39— 153rd F. A. Brig. 40— 307th Art. 41— 308th Art. 42— 309th Art. 43— 303rd T. M. Bty. 44 — 303rd Engineers 45— 303rd F. S. Bn. 46— 307th M. G. Bn. 47— 303rd Trains 48— 303rd M. P. 49— 303rd Amm. Train 50— 303rd Supplv Tn. 51— 303rd San. f r. 52— 303rd Mob. Yet. See. 53— 303rd Eng. Train 54 — Red Cross 55 — Message Centre 56— 1st French Cav. Div. Dismtd. 57— 82nd Div. 58— 77th Div. 59— Lt. Col. Budd. Div Reserve 60 — 38th French Corps 61-75— Extra MS 0) I a a S 3 C3 o 3 h ° ■Si C.S " Sf '/i to 'x O- >- 3 O «j £ o gj5 * a II a * " 4) as 3 -j Meuse-Argonne Offensive \ c ii PLAN OF OFFENSE ARGONNE SECTOR DOCUMENT NO. 4 Hq. 153rd F. A. Brigadi October 21st, 1!>is. OPERATIONS No. 19 1. On tin- 23rd of October at H hour, the 156th Infantry ling, will complete tin- conquest of (.HANI) PRE and advance into the BOIS DE BOURGOGNE'in accordance with F. O. No. 29, Hq. 78th Div The attack will be made in two phases, the first starting from the southern edge of GRAND PRE and having as its objective the red I in*- in sketch No. 1: the second starting at the completion of the first, from HOIS DE NEGREMONT and passing through the 1st phase objective to the blue line. The completion of the 1st phase will he indicated by the firing of a FLAG ROCKET by the assault battalion commander. The artillery will support the operation as shown below. II. The attack will he preceded by an artillery preparation as follows: 1 DESTRUCTIONS (Sketch No. 2)— The heavy regiment will accomplish the destruction indicated on sketch during the day 22nd Oct. The effect of these destructions will he maintained by occasional short hursts of fire upon the same area during the night. 2. NEUTRALIZATION BY GAS (Sketch No. 2)— This will be accomplished in the shortest possible period of time in order to get an effective concentration. It will he completed by H — 3h. No. 5 gas will be used. The Corps Artillery has been asked to assist in the gas concentration. 3. INTERDICTION FIRE will be executed from H— lh to II as shown on Sketch No. 3. The nature of this fire will be short and irregular bursts accurately placed upon the sensitive points assigned. 4. COUNTEB BATTERY— The Corps and Army Artillery has been requested to counter all known enemy hatters from H — lh throughout the operation 5. PROHIBITION OF ENEMY REINFORCEMENT— From H— lh, the 238th E. A. will harass the road running south from le MORTHOMME through la RACARDERIE-la CHINERAY. Also the road running west from BEFFU et le MORTHOMME. The Corps and Army artillery have been asked to harass rear areas. III. The attack will be accompanied by artillery as follows: 1. RAKING EIRE (Sketch No. +) to drive the enemy personnel from their defenses, will begin at H hour and precede the infantry advance. This fire will be fired by the organizations as indicated in SK. No. 4. Fire will be particularly directed upon targets that may be discovered from forward O. P.'s. (For instance trenches south of HOIS DE BOURGOGNE). In 'ease of the 309th F. A. this fire will begin at the southern end of the area assigned in the 1st phase and will be advanced in front of the infantry progression, keeping always in front of the rolling barrage; in the second phase the fire will be lifted as indicated on sketch In the case of the 307th F. A this fire will be delivered upon selected tar- gets in the areas assigned in the 1st phase until H — 08; in the second phase the fire will be timed a indicated on the sketch. In the case of the 238th F. A. the fire will be delivered upon FARM DE LOGES and the edges of the BOIS DE LOGES until H— 68; in the 2nd phase the fire will be timed as indicated on the sketch. Hate of fire for 75 mm : 1st phase: 300 rds. per Btry. per hour. 2nd phase: 150 rds. per Btry. per hour. For 155 mm.: 1st phase: 30 rds. per piece per hour. 2nd phase: 15 rds. per piece per hour. 2. ROLLING BARRAGE will he fired by the 308th F. A. as indicated on sketch No. 5. Hate of tire 300 rds. per battery per hour, one gun always at rest; projectile II- F. When the rolling barrage lifts from its line at II — 08 it will go into the protective barrage line indicated on sketch and will fire at the same rate until II — 85. This protective barrage line will be extended by the 307th F. A. as indicated on same sketch. 3. SMOKE SCREEN will be put in front of enemy strong points, as indicated on sketch No. 4, al II hour and maintained for one hour. This will be done by 75 mm. 1307th F. A. and 238th F. A.) with No. 3 special shell. In making the proposed screen the 307th F. A. will employ two batteries tiring 100 rds. per battery per hour. The 238th F A will employ three batteries in its smoke mission, firing at the same rate. IV. The defense of the ground gained will he secured by the 3(IStli F. A. in liasson with the C. G. of the 156th Infantry Brigade: by the usual <). C. P. to be planned by the C. 0. 300th F A. and to 3 o o is > Meuse-Argonne Offensive 127 by special disposition li> be made later by the Divisional Artillery < 'oramander according t>i the results of the operation. V. II hour will be 5h:30 October 83rd, 1918 Official: George I.. Briggs, t apt I'. A. < Operations. ( '. C. Hearn, Brigadier General, U. S. A., 1 Commanding. DisTKim r:o\ ('. (;. 1 309th F. A., i ('. S.. 1 238th F. A. 3 G-8, 78th Div. :( C. G., Corps Art . 1 .iortli F. A., :s File, l 308th F. A., 3 a.. |_ -— -— B * K oi - Q Z < Di a a Meuse-Arffonne Offensive 129 P. C. 78th Division, 23rd October, l!MS, 19:30 Hours. SECRET FIELD ORDER. No. :s<>. Maps: SAME AS FIELD ORDER NO. 29. 1. The enemv still holds the Southern edge of the BOIS DE BOURGOGNE between Hill 220. (immediately Northeast of FERME DE TALMA), and Hill 204, (North of GRAND PRE). The 78th Division extended its gains North of GRAND PRE and stormed Hill 220, (immediately Northeast of FERME DE TALMA). 2. The 78th Division will continue its attack at ' H" Hour on October 24th, 1918. 3. (a) 156th INFANTRY RRIGADE. OBJECTIVE:— TALMA (exelusive)— Northeast to cross-roads at 91.2-88.4— Southeast to 92.5-87.3. The 312th Infantry, (less battalion in Brigade Reserve) plus one battalion of the 311th Infantry (now in Northern edge of BOIS DE NEGREMONT), all under command of Commanding Officer of the 312th Infantry, will attack from the line — their present positions on Hill 220 — Southeast to 91.0-86.8—92.0-86.0 East to boundary between the 311th and 312th Infantry at 92.7-86.6. The Brigade Reserve will be moved from their present position to the Northern edge of the BOIS DE NEGREMONT in the vicinity of O. P. MADELONE (91.7-85.0). (b) 155th INFANTRY BRIGADE. The 155th Infantry Brigade will support the attack of the 156th Infantry Brigade, and extend left of its line to the Northwest, so as to protect right Hank of the 156th Infantry Brigade. (c) The 307th Machine (inn Battalion is relieved from Division Reserve and will support attack by vigorous fire action. (d) 153rd F. A. BRIGADE. The 153rd Artillery Brigade will vigorously support attack and seize the first opportunity to press guns forwaid into the BOIS DE BOURGOGNE. (e) The Division Reserve will move before 12 Hours, 24th October, 1918, to a position on the' Northern slope of ravine running West from LA FOLIE FERME. (x) The attack will be made without previous artillery preparation. Combat troops will be in position at "H minus one (1) Hour. Infantry will advance from the Jump-Off Line at "H" Hour. 4. No change in Administrative Details. 5. No change in P. C.'s. J. H. McRae. Major General, Commanding. NOTE:— H HOUR IS 6:00 HOURS, 24th OCTOBER. 1918 DISTRIBITION: Same distribution as Field Order No. 29. 78th Div., Oct. 21. 1918. Mense-Argonne Offensive 131 the 1st Battalion in its attack on Talma Hill. While the full objec- tive set for this attack was not reached, two of the three points which make up the stronghold of Grandpre were taken — Talma Hill and the Citadel in Grandpre — and the way opened for the success which followed. It was during this attack that Supply Sergeant Sawelson of Company M, 312th Infantry, won the Con- gressional Medal of Honor. Sergeant Sawelson went to the aid of a badly wounded comrade who was lying exposed to terrific machine gun fire far in advance of his company's line. Finding that he could not carry the man in to shelter, Sawelson returned to get water for him, and on his second trip out he was killed just as he handed his comrade the canteen. The day of the 24th witnessed a continuation of the offensive on the whole Division front.* The next morning, the 3rd Battalion, 311th, under Captain Flint, passed through the forces of the 312th on top of Talma Hill and attacked. This attack was preceded by a brief artillery diversion to the east and a ten minute preparation by artillery and machine guns, the latter being especially effective. They easily gained the edge of the Bois de Bourgogne, and then fought their way along to a line running along the edge of the woods to a point about a quarter mile east of Talma Hill. This left a gap of almost a mile between the force in the part north of Grandpre and the battalion of the 311th coming in from the west. Re-enforcements of two companies from the 2nd Battalion, 311th, were sent up during the night of October 25th-26th, to strengthen the rather thinly-held line and to assist, in "mopping up" the woods and gaining touch with Grandpre. A severe enemy barrage and a counter-attack by infantry supported with machine guns along the ridge north of Hill 20-1, delaying the finishing touch on these operations until the early morning of the 27th, when Company E, with the assistance of one pounders, drove the last, remaining enemy machine guns from the heights north of Grand- pre, thus putting an end to this enemy strong-hold that had figured so conspiciously in holding up the extreme left of the American line. On the 26th, the remainder of the 2nd Battalion was ordered into close support of the line; at the same time relieving the companies of the 312th Infantry in Grandpre. On the night of this day the 1st Battalion, 311th, was relieved from the front line in the vicinity of Ferine des Greves and placed in reserve at La Noue le Coq. The 155th Brigade extended its line to the Ferine des Greves and the gap from there to Grandpre across the bend in the river was covered by strong machine gun positions. The 312th, upon its relief, went into Division Reserve, and the 311th, supported by the 309th Machine Gun Battalion, organized the 156th Brigade *See F. O. Xo. 30, I*. ('. 78th Division. 23 October. 1918. EG < i-l < Meuse-Argonne Offensive l.'5:5 P. C. 78th Division, 25th October, 1!MK, SF.rltKr 12:30 hours. FIELD ORDER, NO. 31. Maps: BUZANCY— 1 20,000. VOUZIERS l 80, 1. There is no further information of the enemj There is no change in the disposition of divisions on our right and left. t. This Division will organize its present front line suitably for a jump-off to an attack to the North, and to obtain information of the enemy's dispositions and intentions. 3. (a) 155th INFANTRY BRIGADE. BOUNDARIES:— EAST— MARCO, exclusive; MIN l)K BAS, inclusive; CHAMPIGNEULLE, exclusive; MALMAISON KERME. exclusive. WEST:— CHEVTERES, inclusive; FERME DES LOGES, inclusive; 94.0-94.0; BOIS DE THENORGUES. inclusive (b) 156th INFANTRY BRIGADE. BOUNDARIES:— EAST— Same as West Boundary of 15.3th Infantry Brigade. WEST— 90.0-85.0; TALMA, inclusive; BOULT-AUX-BOIS, exclusive. (c) MACHINE GUN BATTALIONS AND COMPANIES. All machine gun battalions and companies in the Division, including those of Brigade and Regi- ments, will be utilized and disposed within their respective sectors according to machine gun plan to follow. (d) 153rd FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE. The 153rd F. A. Brigade will prepare to support the general plan (e) 303rd ENGINEERS. The 303rd Engineers will continue its present mission. (f) DIVISIONAL RESERVE. The 312th Infantry and 307th Machine Gun Battalion will relieve the Units now in the Divisional reserve. (x) Details of relief of organizations now in Division Reserve will he arranged by C. O. 312th Infantry. The relief of the units of the 156th Infantry Brigade now in the new sector aerein hssigned to the 155th Infantry Brigade, will he made by the Commanding General. 155th Infantry Brigade, after con- sultation with the Commanding General, 156th Infantry Brigade. The occupation of new sectors and the relief of the present Division Reserve will he completed before daylight, 26th October, 1918. Command in each sector and subsector passes upon completion of relief. Brigade Commanders will take full advantage of this pause in the general advance to reorganize units, replenish supplies, and to give a maximum rest to their troops consistent with the carrying out of their mission and the disposition of their forces to meet possible counter-attacks. Particular attention will be given to organization in depth. Stokes Mortars. 37 mm. and 75 mm. gun> will be advanced for short range tire on located hostile machine gun positions, and to support the general advance. On completion of occupation of new sectors herein designated, Brigade Commanders will report the fact by telephone to this P. C. Within twenty-four (24) hours after completion of relief, they will submit a tracing or marked map. showing their dispositions down to and including companies. Attention is invited to restrictions covering movements in daylight. 4. Changes in Administrative Details will be covered in orders from G-l. 5. POSTS OF COMMAND. 155th INFANTRY BRIGADE— 9G.8-83.:!. 15(ith INFANTRY BRIGADE— LA MAI. ASSISE FERME. 308th F A. REGIMENT— LA MALASS1SE FERME. DIVISION RESERVE— Ravine 400 yard. West ,,f LA FOLIE FME. J. H. McRae, Major General. DISTRIBUTION: Same as Field Order No. 29, 7Hth Div. Commanding. jf.i '** \ '<: :4 3 IT , & ^* •* , 1S. ■it FVl ' V 4] Tf -XI o -t-J p-i Q Z *•« o The Pursuit Toward Sedan 139 P. ('. 78th Division, October 80, 1918. IS Hours. SECHKT CORRECTED COPY OF FIELD ORDER NO. 32. Maps: SAME AS F. O. NO. 32. (Corrected Copies) 1. The First Army Corps will attack nn its present front on D day at H hour, with three divisions in line. The attack will be an enveloping one from the right, to flank the enemv out of the ROIS DK BOURGOGNE. 2. The 78th Division will execute a holding attack on its front West of GRAND PRE, and will protect the left flank of the Corps by advancing so as to continually face the BOIS DE BOURGOGNE. It will promptly seize the BOIS DfiS LOGES and thoroughly clean it out during the first day. BOUNDARIES: EAST:— LA VIERGETTE; LA BESOGNE (inclusive): MARCQ (exclusive): CHAMPIG- NEULLE (exclusive)OMALMAISON FERME (exclusive); AUTHE (inclusive). WEST:— GRAND PRE (inclusive); TALMA (inclusive); HAUTE-BATIS FERME (inclusive); BOULT-AUX-BOIS (inclusive). To the 78th Division are attached: 50th Aero Squadron. 5th Balloon Company, (with Corps Artillery). 2 Companies 53d Pioneer Infantry. 2 Batteries 65 C. A. C. (9.2's). 238 R. A. C. P. (French). 247 R. A. C. P. (French)— From hour, I) plus 1 day). OBJECTIVES: FIRST OBJECTIVE: Northern edge of HOIS DES LOGES; 92.8-88.4; 91.5-88.7; 91.2-88.5. SUBSEQUENT OBJECTIVE: Ridge 2 kilometers North of BRIQUENAY— to connect with IV French Army at BOULT-AUX-BOIS. LINE OF DEPARTURE: 95.7-86.3; 92.9-86.6; 92.3-87.1; 92.15-87.65; 91.3-88.4; 90.0-87.7. (See Special Map attached.) Upon reaching the FIRST OBJECTIVE, patrols will he pushed well to the front, preparatory to a further advance on the second day. 8. (a) 155th INFANTRY BRIGADE. BOUNDARIES: EAST:— LA VIERGETTE; LA BESOGNE (inclusive); MARCQ (exclusive) CHAMPIGNEULLE 'exclusive) ; MALMAISON FERME (exclusive); AUTHE (inclusive). WEST— CHEVIERES (inclusive); FERME DES LOGES (exclusive); BOIS DES LOGES (inclusive); BRIQUENAY (exclusive); GERMONT (inclusive). FIRST OBJECTIVE: Northern edge of BOIS DES LOGES. The Northern edge will he seized promptly and the woods thoroughly cleaned out the first day. SI iiSEQUENT OBJECTIVE: That part of the SUBSEQUENT OBJECTIVE which lies North of BRIQUENAY. (b) 156th INFANTRY BRIGADE: BOUNDARIES: EAST: — Same as West Boundary of 155th Brigade. WEST:— GRAND PRE (inclusive); TALMA (inclusive); HAUTE-BATIS FERME (inclusive); BOULT-AUX-BOIS (inclusive). The 156th Infantrv Brigade, less 1 Battalion, 312th Infantrv, will cover and support the left flank of the 155th Infantry Brigade, extending the line of the SUBSEQUENT OBJECTIVE North to include BRIQUENAY. This line will be held strongly with machine guns and cover the Eastern edges of the BOIS DE BOURGOGNE FIRST OBJECTIVE: W.stern point of BOIS DE LOGES; 92.8-88.4; 91.5-88.7: 91.2-ss 5 SUBSEQUENT ORJE< T1VE: That part of the SUBSEQUENT OBJECTIVE which lies between parallels 88.0-92.0. 140 History of the Seventy-eighth Division LIAISON GROUP — A combat liasion detachment of one battalion of infantry and one machine gun company will maintain contact with the 38th French Corps along the Western boundary of the Corps. The bulk of this Detachment will be kept in position where they may be utilized to a ; d the advance to the FIRST and SUBSEQUENT OBJECTIVES. (c) 153rd FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE. The 153rd Field Artillery Brigade, plus attached artillery, will carry out the plan prescribed in Annex No. 1, Field Order No. 85, 1st Army Corps. The heights and Eastern slopes of the BOIS DE BOURGOGNE, extending from GRAND PRE to 1 kilometer North of BRIQL'ENAY, will be Yperited from D minus 3 days to D minus 1 day. (d) Division RESERVE. One (1) Battalion, 313th Infantry, and 307th Machine Gun Battalion, will remain in their present position, in reserve. (e) EMPLOYMENT OF MACHINE GUNS. (See Annex No. 1.) (f) TECHNICAL AND SPECIAL TROOPS AND SERVICES. All Technical and Special Troops and Services will carry out the plans of action outlined in Annexes to Field Order No. 85, 1st Army Corps, and Field Order No. 32, 78th Division. (g) PLAN OF AIR SERVICE. (See Annex No. 2.) (h) ORGANIZATION OF THE CONQUERED GROUND. (See Annex No. 3 to Field Order No 85, 1st A. C.) (i) PLAN OF ENGINEERS. (See Annex No. 4.) (j) BATTLE INSTRUCTIONS. (See Annex No. 5 to F. O. 85, 1st A. C.) (x) 1. Combat troops will be in position on D day at II minus 4 hours. The artillery prepara- tion for the attack will begin at H minus 2 hours. The Infantry will advance from the line of departurt at H hour, preceded by a rolling barrage travelling at the rate of 100 meters in five (5) minutes. 2. The infantry advance will be boldly and vigorously executed. Battalions will seize every opportunity to push ahead, as their advance will insure that of others. 4 PLAN OF LIAISON. (See Annex No. 6.) PLAN OF INTELLIGENCE. (See Annex No. 7.) PLAN OF COMMUNICATION, SUPPLY AND EVACUATION. (See Annex No. 8.) 5. POSTS OF COMMAND. 78th Division— CHATEL CHEHERY. 155th Infantry Brigade— 96.8-83.3. 156th Infantry Brigade— LA MALASSISE FERME. 153rd Field Artillery Brigade— CHATEL CHEHERY 307th Machine Gun Battalion— LA NOUE le CO Q. Division Reserve— LA NOUE le CO Q. Advance Center of Information — LA BESOGNE. J. H. McRae, Major General, Commanding. DISTRIBUTION: "A". NOTE: — Return original Field Order No. 32, except the Annexes, which still remain in force. BM3» THE lU'INKI) ( HI l!( H AT THIAK OIRT TOP SECTION MtfP No. S ZJ3 Z14 2f* If *f7 *f go jo/ Showing extreme northern advance of the 78th Division and line of patrols near GRANDES ARMOISES on November 5th, 1918 BOTTOM SECTION Map /V° s Showing Posts of < ommand, Division a in! Brigade boundaries, our front line on November 1st, 1 II 1 rt. and subsequent advance 144 History of the Seventy -eighth Division In brief the plan of attack was as follows: In front of the 156th Brigade lay the Bois de Bourgogne, a belt of thick woods extending north for about eight kilometers. Fighting through this woods was to be avoided by saturating it with yperite (mustard gas), especially along its eastern edge. The 156th Brigade to hold the southern edge of the woods from Talma to the north of Grand- pre, and attack and face the eastern edge of the woods. The 155th Brigade to attack north through the Bois des Loges, its left flank being protected by the 156th Brigade. The French were to advance to the west of the Bois de Bourgogne and liaison re-established with them at its northern end, near Boult-aux-Bois. The first objective was a line stretching from the Bois de Bourgogne, on the left, through the northern edge of the Bois des Loges; the subsequent objective, a ridge two kilometers north of Briquenay. As the Bois des Loges was believed to be thinly held, two hours artillery preparation was thought to be adequate. During all this preparation, the mysterious symbols of "D" Day and "H" Hour were the only information that was given out as to the moment of "jump-off." On October 30th, the wail of gas shells from our own artillery told us that the yperite was beginning its deadly work in the Bois de Bourgogne. All that day and all the next the gas fire continued unceasingly. Nearly forty thousand rounds of yperite shell were fired into certain areas of the Bourg- gogne Woods, then batteries concentrated destructive fire on certain known enemy positions. The continued rapid whirr of our shells passing over to the German lines turned day and night of October 31st into a weird pandemonium. For two hours immediately pre- ceding the attack, ten thousand rounds of high explosive were poured into the troublesome Bois des Loges by our own 153rd F. A. Brigade and the attached Army artillery. As further fire prepara- tion, a heavy machine gun barrage was laid down on the Bois des Loges, the ridge to the west of this woods and on the road running north into le Morthomme from Grandpre. Under this intense con- centration it seemed well nigh impossible that the Germans could survive. The night of the 31st. word was whispered down the front line that we were going over at five-thirty the next morning. Great confidence prevailed among the officers and men on the eve of the attack. The morale was excellent. The few days quiet had restored the spirits of everyone. One battalion com- mander said in a conference of officers for final preparation, that tomorrow's show would be a "picnic," and, he believed, the last battle of the war. The major was right in his second prophecy, but the picnic was a little delayed. He had underestimated the enemy's brilliant rear-guard defense in the Bois des Loges — the last of the Boche surprises. :K a a. g i- erg n r— S-' 5 5 C E. ~ B' j C ~~ * c c a. *• | B.'O GO IS 14t> History of the Seventy-eighth Division Rumors of an imminent armistice — rumors which had haunted us almost since we had left the St. Mihiel lines — had little weight with the men. One soldier who was told that the war was over, pointed forward to the enemy positions — "Over there/' he replied. Peace seemed very remote to the occupants of the shell-holes on the St. Juvin — Grandpre road. While there was still a German behind a gun they knew that their job was WAR. At one-thirty on the morning of November first, the troops took their positions on the line of departure organized in the wave formation in which they were to jump off — two thin skirmish lines followed by lines of staggered columns. At half past three, the thunder of the artillery began back in the hills and the great circle of the horizon burst into flame. From the ridge south of the Aire Valley came the sharp "rat-tat-tat" of a machine gun barrage. The men were eager for the attack when dawn came. Chilled by the long hours of the night they waited impatiently for the signal to advance. A heavy mist hung over the broad plain which stretched ahead of our line of departure and the first advancing waves were soon lost to sight. But this happy concealment was short-lived, and as the last of the staggered columns moved out the mist rose and the sun shone on thin, long lines of bayonets. Imme- diately the counter-barrage of German 77's came down in the face of our men, followed by a withering machine gun fire from three sides — Champigneulles on the right, the Bois des Loges in the center, and the Ferme des Loges on the left. The men advanced steadily against the artillery barrage, but the bands of fire laid down by the machine guns was impassable. Nevertheless, the organiza- tion was perfectly maintained and the men dug in along the edge of the Bois des Loges. On the left, the 311th and 312th Infantry were able to attack the Ferme des Loges with grenades and put out a number of the guns. Thus at 5.30 A. M., the thin attacking lines of the 155th Brigade, (it must be remembered that the previous two weeks con- tinuous severe fighting had reduced the units of the division to less than half their normal man power) went over preceded by a rolling barrage, from their shelters on the side of the St. Juvin-Grandpre road. They went quickly up the gentle slope and across the open ground south of the woods; unhesitatingly they continued in the face of the enemy counter-barrage and withering machine gun fire and in little more than thirty minutes were entering the Bois des Loges and plunging headlong through the underbrush and driving the Germans before them. Now, the enemy machine gunners in the southern edge of the woods were quickly routed and those surviving hastily retreated northward without waiting for our men to close with them. The Pursuit Toward Sedan 147 Splendidly did the driving attack progress until the unim- proved road running east and west through the woods was reached; here further progress was cheeked by murderous machine nun fire from countless German Maxims echeloned in depth to the front and on the heights to the northwest. Such was the natural strength of the German positions, combined with the admirable advantage he had taken of the terrain, coupled with his ingenious method of cover that our previous artillery preparation in the Bois des Loges was a wasted effort. Everywhere numerous shell craters were in evidence and so were the barking, snapping German machine guns. During the heavy artillery concentrations, they had promptly with- drawn their guns until the storm had passed. As in the fighting around Grandpre, they had dropped their guns into deep dugouts during the bombardments and with cables hoisted them to turn on the advancing infantry immediately after the bombardment was over. The front line of the right brigade was thus held up all day of November 1st and suffered heavy casualties. A definite attempt was made at one-thirty to advance against the hostile machine gun positions but the accompanying barrage was light and no progress was made. The front line units were so depleted that it was impos- sible to send wounded men to the rear and it was not until late that night that they could be moved. Much suffering resulted and everyone, whether wounded or not, spent a day and a night doing- one of the most difficult of all war jobs — the job of sitting still under nearly continuous fire. The enemy had very clearly taken full advantage of the naturally-strong positions he held; every road, trail and by-way of the woods was in perfect enfilade. In the 15Gth Brigade, the front line was held by two battalions of the 311th Infantry. The 3rd Battalion under Major Cooke, reinforced by a machine gun company, was to remain in position holding the southern edge of the Bois de Bourgogne from Talma to a point about 700 yards northwest of Bellejoyeuse Ferme, and maintain liaison with the French on our left. The 2nd Battalion, under Lieutenant Colonel Budd, in position along the ridge extend- ing north from Grandpre and connecting with the right of the 3rd Battalion, jumped off at the appointed hour. Its first objective was a general east and west line connecting the northwest point of Bois des Loges with the Bois de Bourgogne. The attack of this battalion was in a northeasterly direction, across deep, open valleys and ravines: every foot of tin- ground being swept by enemy machine guns from the high ground to the north and east. The most serious difficulty was encountered in attempting to get across the valley immediately north of Bellejoyeuse Ferme, for the ridge extending from the point of the Bois des Loges was strongly held by the enemy and their flanking fire throughout the early part of the day could On the edge of the Argonne Forest — buflding at LA BESOGNE used as a Command Post. Type of German concrete dugouts. CHAMP MAHOUT in the Argonne Forest. The Pursuit Toward Sedan 1-11) not be overcome. By late afternoon, however, the righl company succeeded in working up the ridge from the road west of Ferine des Loges and the 311th Infantry attained its objective. Night came and with it a new plan of attack. The way was now open; the Hois des Loges was to be attacked from the west. The 312th Infantry moved up during the night into position in the vicinity of Ferine de Loges, to strike this stronghold on the flank at the same time that the 155th Brigade renewed its attack from the south. The Hois des Loges, as one of the enemy's main points of resistance was doomed, and the Germans knew it. With the morning light the front lines moved forward. Stead- ily through the thick woods they advanced without a suggestion of opposition. Men who had dodged and crawled and walked between bullets half the night could not believe their senses until they came on the tangible evidence of the retreat. Deep buried in the woods, carefully dug and skillfully protected, were the count- less dugouts and emplacements. Beside the Maxims and plentiful supplies of ammunition, the Germans in their haste had left helmets, packs, pistols, personal equipment, wine and maps in reckless ami wholesale abandon. But of themselves there were none except here and there a body shattered out of human resemblance by our artillery. So ended the worst of their rear guard action by a quiet, sudden withdrawal of the last gunners during the early morning- hours of November 2nd. No time was lost in taking up the pursuit, one feature of which was to immediately load a detachment consisting of several companies of the 311th and 312th Infantry and one from the 307th Machine Gun Battalion into motor trucks and rush them forward until stopped by mined roads and blown out bridges north of Briquenay. The Germans had developed a most complete system of light railway transport and veritable networks of these light, narrow- gauge lines were constructed by them, supplementing the standard rail lines they had won from the French in the early advances of the war. One of their terminals, with great trackage and sidings, was located midway between le Morthomme and Briquenay on the fringe of the Hois de Bourgogne. So under the tremendous pressure of our two days artillery preparation and the driving attack of November 1st, the Germans quietly loaded on trains the bulk of their forces that had been doggedly holding this well-nigh impregnable front and speedily withdrew them to the rear, leaving only a very light covering force to follow afoot. The enemy reasoned that after three weeks of this continually persistent, driving, hammering blows and desperate thrusts that the "Light- ning" Division would be in no mood or condition to press too closely on their heels, but notwithstanding, they took every precaution Main street of BOULT AUX HOIS. Roadfork at GERMONT through which our troops passed on Nov. '2, litis. Cross roads and town square at AUTHE. The Pursuit Toward Sedan 151 to retard pursuit; great trees which had lined the roads were felled criss-cross in certain sections, numerous rows had been chopped with a huge V near the base, ready to be dropped, but the installa- tion of the necessary spark wire and explosive discharge were neglected in their haste. Roads were blown up, bridges destroyed and the steel rails at close intervals shattered and twisted by explo- sive charges. Our infantry could advance through the shell torn fields in, around and through the numerous craters that dotted the land- scape, but the farther they went, the farther the transport must go to provide them with rations and ammunition. Therefore the ability of a division to continue pursuit after the "break through," indispensibly required most efficient arrangements at the rear. These happily we had. Engineers were prompt in clearing up and repairing the shattered roads and hastily constructing temporary bridges; the artillery and transport personnel assisting in this work of construction, and then pushing on in the vain effort to keep right up with the advancing infantry. Signal troops rolled and unrolled reel after reel of wire for communication, but try hard as they could, it was impossible for the auxiliary forces to keep up. All day the advance of our infantry units was steady and rapid. Night brought the front line to a point in front of Briquenay stretching through the northern edge of the Thenorgues Woods. The advance was so fast that all communications with the rear, including, of course, ration and ammunition supply, had been temporarily cut off. The night was cold and a constant drizzling rain wet and chilled the men. On the right a few machine gun bullets came over showing that we were catching up with the Ger- man retreat. The night was very uncomfortable. Our forces were so depleted that the two regiments of the 155th. Brigade now under command of Brigadier General Sanford B. Stanberry, (General Hersey having been promoted to Major General and assigned to command of 4th Division, October 27th) altogether numbered a little less than the strength of a single regiment, while practically the same was true of the 156th Brigade. The men were hungry. Many of them had nothing to eat since morning; there was one unit, however, that had been lucky enough to cross a flourishing German cabbage patch and picked cabbages as they went through. On the left, contact was gained with the enemy just as lie was withdrawing from Boult-aux-Bois. A patrol, followed by Company (', 312th, entered the town and followed the Germans north to Bclleville-sur-Bar. which they captured at noon. At Boult-aux- Bois, our men joined up with the happy, rejoicing French troops, who had come up on the west side of the Bois dc Bourgogne. Further east other troops of the 312th, under Major Andreason, had driven the enemy out of Germont at 9.30 A. M.. and then 1;5 L 2 History of the Seventy-eighth Division advanced detachments north through Authe toward Brieulles-sur- Bar and west toward Chatillon-sur-Bar. On this day the 311th Infantry (less its 3rd Battalion) advanced on the right of the 312th, and occupied Brieulles-sur-Bar at 0.30 P. M. with its leading bat- talion. The remainder of the regiment halted for the night at Germont. On the right, the 310th and 309th Infantry moved due north through Autruche. As the first men climbed the ridge south of that town they waved their arms and shouted back that the war was over. Truly there appeared to be ground for their conjecture, for the town presented an amazing spectacle. From every window, church steeple and house top sheets, towels and clothing had been hung to do duty as white flags. But a few men, wiser than the rest, soon quieted that rumor. The truce flags merely showed that the town still held French civilians who thus pleaded with us at long range not to fire upon them. In the late afternoon, the units which had reached the ridge south of Verrieres became convinced that the war was not yet over. Some machine guns held the opposite ridge and the town was still occupied by Germans. Major Segarra immediately entered the town with the two front line battalions of the 309th and following- brief guerilla warfare, captured it. Two guns of the 308th Machine Gun Battalion and a one-pounder supported him by opening heavy fire. The range had to be guessed at because the advance had gone off the map carried by our officers, but the moral effect was good and the Boche soon withdrew. One dramatic incident marked the entry into Verrieres. The Germans in their retreat delivered a parting blow to the civilian inhabitants, who for four years had endured their tyranny, by setting fire to three of the houses. When our men entered the main street just at dusk they found, standing between the flaming houses a little group of Frenchmen singing the "Marseillaise." They thronged about the Americans as they came in, shouting "Vive l'Amerique," "Nous sommes biens sauves par les Ameri- cains!" It was their first knowledge that America was in the war. Hunger was relieved at Verrieres by unlimited quantities of "sawdust" German bread and "ersatz" coffee: thirst, too, by grati- fying bottles of "red ink." That night, in the rain, the men dug in on the ridge north of the town and enjoyed a short snatch of sleep, warm despite the rain, in bundles of captured straw. Through the night artillery fire on Verrieres told us that we had at last caught up with the rear guard of the enemy. By this time "contact" was our sole objective and speed the most important requisite. So during the night plans were made for a rapid road inarch the next day with units in close order. The plan never materialized. w '►fl B H H W >• SB x M x E o 2 o < 154 History of the Seventy-eighth Division On the morning of the fourth, the point of the road march— the 155th Brigade Reserve which had leap frogged the front line battalions — ran into severe resistance in the Sy Woods. We had gained close contact with the German rear guard, and here they made a stubborn stand, backed up with close support of numerous light artillery pieces. It for a time appeared that the Germans had decided to make a determined stand along the Tannay-G. des Armoises-La Berliere Road. General Sanford B. Stanberry, com- mander of the 155th Brigade and his adjutant kept right up with his front line infantry and on the morning of the 4th started to move his post of command from Brieulles-sur-Bar to Yerrieres,- where Colonel Morgan of the 309th Infantry and Colonel Babcock of the 310th Infantry had just established themselves, when several enemy artillery pieces opened on the general and his party as they were about to enter the Bois de Sy. This was the beginning of the first heavy artillery fire from the German guns since the pursuit started and it was quickly followed by rapid firing of enemy gas and high explosive shells into the valley north and east of Brieulles-sur- Bar and the town itself, where many of the old French natives had been left by the hastily departing Germans. General McRae and his Division Operations Staff had in the morning established the Division Post of Command in the Town Hall of Brieulles — the General remarked how comforting it was to find a building intact with the glass windows still in good shape, and but a short while later a number of heavy German shells had shattered the roof and walls of adjoining buildings. He was busily engaged with maps planning to continue the driving advance and oblivious of danger, he remained on the second floor of the old town hall until he had completed his task, but in the meantime, scores of nearby buildings had been shattered and many men passing through the streets and seeking shelter in doorways had been killed and wounded. The German rear guard had mined the wide, filled road cover- ing a stretch of nearly one-half kilometer from the road fork just north of Briuelles to the fork near the southwest tongue of the Bois de Sy. It was an exceptionally fine piece of rear guard strategy, as it effectively blocked the advance of our artillery and transport. The heavy charges had blown the immense rock boulders forming the road bed far to either side and left huge, gaping holes at intervals of about 20 yards. The always alert 303rd Engineers lost no time in getting their forces to work and hastily began the construction of a corduroy road crossing the low, swampy marsh ground alongside the ruined portions, which enabled our pirate guns to proceed. This work the Engineers did while under German observation and deadly shell fire; their rapid, skillful work, however, kept their casualties down to the minimum. The Pursuit Toward Sedan 155 Colonel Fisher, then commanding the 307th Field Artillery, drove up in his Dodge car ;iii<1 \v;is cheeked at the road fork by the wrecked road; alighting from the ear lie directed the chauffeur to return to Brieulles and await him there: he had barely left the car to proceed forward afoot when a German II. E. shell landed in front of the machine, instantly killing the driver and shattering the car. All day of the 4th. our line on the right of the Division, was held, and that night the enemy after many severe skirmishes again withdrew. Patrols were promptly sent forward and occupied the town of Sy. On the left, however, the 15(>th Brigade continued its advance throughout the day. and by night the advance battalion of the 31 lth Infantry was in possession of Les Petites Armoises, which was occupied after some opposition by enemy rear guard. Leading elements of the 312th Infantry also reached this place, advancing via Bazancourt Farm from Chatillon and maintaining contact with the French. On tlie morning of November 5th the advance of this Brigade was continued, and Tanney was occupied at an early hour by the .'511 th Infantry. Strong opposition was met two kilometers north of Tanney, at the entrance to the Bois du Mont Dieu. The enemy had evidently determined to make a stand at this woods on the road leading north from Tanney. Advance patrols were deployed both to the right and left of the road to drive out the machine guns which were holding up the advance. The 312th Infantry occupied the line to the northwest of Tanney, connecting with the French, who in the meantime had advanced abreast of our line, on the west side of the Ardennes Canal. On the afternoon of the 5th our line therefore extended, on the left, from the Ardennes Canal northwest of Tanney. across the Tanney-Sedan road just south of the Bois du Mont Dieu. along the high ground east of Tanney. and thence southeast through the town of Sy. On the fifth, the 4'-2nd Division, which had been frantically pursuing us from the rear, finally caught up and brought their troops into our positions and relieved the front line, located as given above. Thus ended the war for the Seventy-eighth Division, except for the 153rd Artillery Brigade, which continued the advance in support of the 4 v 2nd Division. Another kind of road inarch began the night of the fifth. It was a happy march for men, tired with two months' almost continuous fighting. Physical and mental exhaustion, blistered feet and aching backs were forgotten in the knowledge that the last great battle of the war was in its final stages and in keen satisfaction for their part in the work. Warm billets and hot food from field Part of main road from BRIEULLES surBAR to VERRIERES, mined and blown up by Germans on Nov. 2, 1918. Cross Roads in CHATTILON stir I! Alt. Road fork at TANNAY reached by 156th Inf. Brigad i Nov. 4, 1918. The Pursuit Toward Sedan 157 kitchens, and, in the days thai followed, hot baths and clean clothes brought back strength and comfort. Tt was "a grand and glorious feeling" to go back through the scenes of our bitter fighting; shat- tered Champigneulles, the deadly stronghold of flanking machine guns; sinister St. Juvin, so lately redolent of phosgene and all the dead smell of war, now full of the life of supply trains and snappily uniformed M. P.'s; the Grandpre road, a veritable replica of Broad- way in the rush hour, with its mass of crowded traffic, and finally, Marcq, with its baths and billets — truly we were on our way home! ARTILLERY SUPPORT The relief of the 152nd Artillery Brigade (77th Division) began on the morning of October 16th. The batteries crossed the Argonne Forest to Lancon during the day and bivouacked for the night in the ravines east of the town. Visibility was so low the next day that the batteries were placed in position during daylight and the relief, which would have been very difficult in the darkness, due to road congestion and (he terrain around the battery positions, was greatly facilitated. During this tour of duty, the ordinary operations of the 155th Infantry Brigade were supported by the 307th Field Artillery, and those of the 156th Infantry Brigade by the 308th Field Artillery, with emergency zones for both regiments to the east and west a distance equal to their normal sector. The 309th Field Artillery covered the Division sector normally and to the maximum range of their batteries in emergencies. This regiment was especially charged with counter-battery and harrassing fire. The regiments were ordered to be ready for a sudden advance under conditions of open warfare. Ammunition supply was not limited, but the neces- sity of avoiding needless expenditure was emphasized in view of the amount available. Two exceptional operations were carried out by the Brigade while in line. The first was the attack on the stronghold of Grand- pre, October 23rd to 27th, inclusive, and the second, the general offensive of November 1st. The attack on Grandpre did not necessitate change of battery positions, but the difficulties of liaison across the valley and stream of the Aire River were great. The artillery support consisted of a preparation and an accompaniment. The preparation was in the form of destruction fire on selected targets, neutralization with gas shells on localities where machine gun nests were known to lie; interdiction fire on enemy observatories and known posts of com- mand; countering of enemy batteries, and the prohibition of enemy re-enforcement by harrassing fire on the lines of communication behind the front attacked. The accompaniment consisted of raking fire on the enemy strong points in front of the advance and a rolling 158 History of the Seveniy-eightH Division barrage preceding the infantry attack. Smoke shell was also used to screen the attack from machine gun fire. The final objective was not attained the first day, but the attack renewed on October 25th with a brief artillery preparation, secured the key positions, and the "mopping up" was completed early on the 27th. The higher artillery command recognized the peculiar diffi- culties of the mission of the 78th Division in the attack of November 1st by giving it more re-enforcements and a greater ammunition allowance than any other divisional artillery. In addition to twenty -four batteries of 75 Mm., six batteries of 155 Mm., and two batteries of 9.2's.. several groups of heavy corps artillery were assigned for the use of the division during stated periods of the attack. The two phases of the operation were a bombardment to assist in breaking the enemy resistance, and the advance of bat- teries following up the enemy retirement. The bombardment began on October 30th, when the two light regiments of the brigade fired nearly 40,000 rounds of mustard gas (No. 20 Special Shell) into the eastern edges of the Bois de Bourgogne, thus neutralizing the heights which flanked the proposed advance. The firing of this amount of ammunition in one day by 48 field guns on a range in peace time would be in itself a feat, but when it is considered that these regi- ments actually fired at barrage rate for twelve (12) hours without suffering a casualty or disabling a gun, it is indeed remarkable. Almost from the beginning of the "shoot," the enemy counter- batteries searched for their positions. Several gun crews worked for extended periods with their gas masks on, but the camouflage work done and the excellence of the positions selected prevented the enemy fire from being effective. No gun went out of action during this part of the preparation for any cause. Destruction fire began two hours before the attack on selected enemy strong-points and a concentration of fire of all calibres on the Bois des Loges. The fire for accompaniment began simultaneously with the attack and took the form of a rolling barrage and raking fire. The advance of the batteries was particularly difficult because the Aire River had to be crossed and a considerable distance travelled before satisfactory positions could be found. A schedule for the advance of batteries was planned so as to regulate the use of roads and bridges and the assignment of areas. Assuming that the attack progressed as planned, the first batteries were to move forward three hours after the action began. When this time came, it was not known that the attack had been held up in the Bois des Loges and the batteries moved according to schedule. Two hours later, a regiment of light and two battalions of heavy artillery were on the south bank of the Aire. They took positions where they were and delivered very successful fire the rest of the day. The only w 160 History of the Seventy-eighth Division artillery to cross the Aire on November 1st was the 2nd Battalion of the 309th P'ield Artillery, which crossed at Termes and took up position just south of the Bois de Bourgogne, west of Grandpre. While in this position the enemy fired upon them with machine guns. The next day the batteries were able to resume their advance and thereafter the operations turned into open warfare. The part of the artillery after crossing the Aire River was practically nothing but a series of marches northward. The only fire of consequence delivered was by the 2nd Battalion of the 307th Regiment, which from the heights north of Verrieres fired a thous- and rounds on retreating bodies of the enemy during the night of" November 4th. One 75 Mm. gun was sent forward at the beginning of the second day with each front line battalion of infantry. Only one of the four ever fired a shot. This gun. commanded by First Lieu- tenant Paul G. Amberg of the 307th F. A., was of considerable assistance to the battalion it supported. The efficient service of this gun was due to the fact that both the gun commander and the infantry commander fully appreciated the part each should play in the situation. The artillery support varied greatly in effectiveness according to the place. Had the weather permitted more observation and had more work been possible with the air service, the artillery would have been more effective. It was not effective in the Bois des Loges in any of the attacks, due in large measure to the natural strength of the position, and to the fact that observation in the scrub growth was difficult even in the clearest weather. Fire was more effective in reducing the citadel of Grandpre and was of great assistance in the operations leading to the capture of Talma Hill and the south- ern edge of the Bois de Bourgogne. Preparatory to the advance on November 1st, the artillery "yperited" the eastern edge of the Bois de Bourgogne and sensitive points further to the west. This opera- tion was completely successful. No casualties are known to have been suffered by our troops from the yperite used at this time, and absolutely no opposition was encountered from the Bois de Bourgogne. Shooting on back areas, as observed after the advance, appeared to have been accurate and effective. The liaison officers with the infantry units were consistently daring and aggressive in their attempts to assist the attacks. During the advance after the 1st, artillery liaison officers continued to keep up with the leading units, but, except for a few pirate guns, the artillery could not maintain the pace of the infantry because of the mined roads, though their fire was always available in the event of a serious counter-attack. 303rd ENGINEERS The work of the Engineers during the St. Mihiel Offensive, The Purs nil Toward Sedan 1(51 and throughout our stay in the Limey Sector, was of paramount importance. From September 12th to 17th, the entire Regiment worked on the repair and maintenance of roads in "No Man's Land" from the Metz Highway on the southeast, to Euvezin and Vieville on the northwest, particularly on the Thiaucourt-Regnie- ville-Montauville, and the Remenauville-Limey Roads, under com- mand of the Corps Engineer; this work being necessary because speed was absolutely essential in the infantry attack, in order to keep up with the barrage tables. This work brought our men directly under enemy observation, causing the first division casual- ties incurred as a unit. On the 17th, they started work on the lay- out and construction of the "Line of Resistance" in the sector assigned to the 78th Division, from Xammes on the left to one-half kilometer east of Tauteeourt Farm on the right. They took part in several raids, for the purpose of dynamiting enemy strong-points and at all times their service and liaison with the infantry was highly satisfactory. Repair and maintenance of front and back area roads for communication and supply was of utmost import- ance, and various engineer companies were assigned to this duty day and night for the period of our stay in this sector. They also built bath houses, supervised the water supply, built dugouts, etc., for various headquarters. Up to the time of leaving this sector, the organization of the position had been but begun as far as actual work was concerned. However, the project was worked up and embraced the entire defensive position for the Divisional Sector, including dugouts and shelters for the outpost zone and support trenches, as well as for the more permanent structures in the reserve areas for men and animals. This project was approved, but before material arrived, the Division was hastily moved to assist in the heavy Argonne fighting. In the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the Engineers were very efficient. Before November 1st, two companies repaired the roads in the division sector from Apremont to Lancon, and from St. Juvin to Grandpre, particularly those for motor traffic, transport of ammunition to batteries and evacuation of the wounded from forward areas. One company repaired the light railway system in the sector. About eight kilometers of line from southwest of Lancon to Senuc was put into condition for running trains. From Scnuc to Grandpre, another eight kilometers of track under constant observation by the enemy was put in such shape that it required very little work to keep it in condition for operation. The railway from Lancon to La Besogne (about ten kilometers long) was so repaired that it was in shape for immediate operation on November 1st. On this line, two trestles had to be built and five others repaired. The railway was running into Chevieres on the night of 1 62 History of the Seventy-eighth Division the 2nd, thus facilitating the supply of the advancing troops very appreciably. The other three companies worked upon twenty-three bridges across the Aire River between St. Juvin and Terrnes. These bridges were all within reach of enemy artillery and the heavy traffic bridges were built under machine gun, high explosive and gas shell fire. The flooring of these bridges was begun on the night of October 31st, and finished fifteen minutes after the attack began the following morning. When the pursuit of the enemy began, the work of the engi- neers on the roads became of the greatest importance. The First Battalion pushed ahead behind the infantry making temporary repairs in order to permit the use of the roads for the most urgent needs. The Second Battalion following, making more substantial repairs and preparing the roads and bridges for heavy motor traffic. The roads in general were in good shape except at strategic- points, such as fills, which the enemy had systematically mined. All bridges had been blown up. When the division was relieved, the roads were repaired beyond Chatillon and Brieulles. The road north of Brieulles had been blown up in fifteen places where there was a swamp on both sides. This stretch was repaired by cor- duroying and building temporary bridges, so that the necessary artillery and transport of the 42nd and 6th Divisions could move forward with their troops. One company worked upon a heavy traffic bridge at Authe until it was completed on the 8th of Novem- ber. Forty men in two details assisted the Signal Battalion to run and maintain its wires from Grandpre to Briquenay. The motor trucks of the Fngineers were used on the night of November 2nd to transport troops as far as the roads were repaired, and thus per- mitted them to reach Boult-aux-Bois ahead of the French. All these various tasks were handled by this Regiment not only boldy and quickly, but with good judgment and foresight. SUMMARY A brief summing up of gains and losses closes the story of the November First "show/' Nine enemy divisions faced the "Lightning" 78th during its operations on the Argonne Front. Our troops cap- tured 322 prisoners, of whom (5 were officers and 36 non-commissioned officers. Before November 1st, the division had captured about 40 machine guns. After the attack began, it was impossible to esti- mate the captures as the advance was so rapid. The price the 78th had to pay in the Argonne battle was the loss of 4,989 men — killed, wounded and missing. Of the dead, 16 were officers, 785 enlisted men. Of the wounded, 135 were officers and 4,068 enlisted men. Too much cannot be said for the hardy spirit of the men in The Pursuit Toward Sedan 1(>:> this driving attack. When their physical strength had been worn to nothing by the difficult burdens they had borne and their nervous energy exhausted by long, racking strain, they carried on by sheer will power to a brilliant finish. Wearied by weeks of defensive fighting at St. Mihiel, long marches with almost no rest, and the continual attacks against veteran machine gun opposition, they were able at the end to advance as the "point of the wedge" of the First American Army for over twenty-four kilometers in the last offensive of the war. Almost continually engaged for nearly eight weeks in hard marching or fighting the 7Sth had proven its mettle. Although not one of the best advertised National Army divisions, it knew how to fight with grim, bull-dog tenacity against heavy odds and persevere for success under the skillful direction of its modest, fearless commander. Major General James H. McRae, thereby upholding the best traditions of the American Army. Under most unpromising conditions it took over a badly shattered line facing a well-nigh impregnable position, which was considered the key to the American advance on Sedan, and by per- sistently hammering, wearing out and finally driving in headlong retreat the remaining elements of nine enemy divisions which it had faced during operations in this great offensive, the "Lightning" Division thus contributed in full measure to the final collapse of the German Army, speeding the war's glorious end. 104 History of the Seventy-eighth Division DIVISION HEADQUARTERS November 12, 1918. MEMORANDUM: The following telegram from the Commanding General, 1st Army, and the comments by the Corps Commander are republished: "Widewing, Nov. 5-6. "Commanding General, 1st Corps. "Number 238 sec. G. S. The army commander desired that you be informed of his full appreciation of the excellent work done by your corps during the last 3 days. He realizes fully the special efforts exerted and the spirit that has prompted the troops of your command during these operations. The rapidity of the advance, notwithstanding hostile operations, has been remarkable and prevented the enemy from reorganizing. The result has been to force the enemy back on his whole front. The army commander desired that you transmit his congratulations and appreciation to the troops of your command for this work. "DRUM." "To the foregoing the Corps Commander desired to record his warm congratulations and appreciation of the work done by the divisions of the Corps. "He desires that the foregoing commendation be communicated to all concerned, including especially the engineers, signalmen, supply and labor troops, without whose splendid efforts the results attained could not have been accomplished. "By Command of Major General Diekman: "Malin Craig, "Chief of Staff." The Commanding General feels that the foregoing praise is well deserved by the officers and men of this division. By their gallantry, fortitude and perseverance the capture of the heights of Grand Pre, the Bois des Loges, and in the subsequent pursuit of the enemy in his retreat to Sedan, they merit and are assured of the gratitude of their country. By Command of Major General McRae: A. J. L'Heureux, Acting Adjutant. The Pursuit Toward Sedan 165 G. II. Q. AMERICAN KXPEDITIONARY FORCES France, December 19, 1918. GENERAL ORDERS No. 232 t It is with a sense of gratitude for its splendid accomplishment, which will live through all history that I record in General Orders a tribute to the victory of the First Army in the Meuse-Argonne battle. Tested and strengthened by the reduction of the St. Mihiel salient, for more than six weeks you battered against the pivot of the enemy line on the western front. It was a position of imposing natural strength, stretching on both sides of the Meuse River from the bitterly contested hills of Verdun to the almost impenetrable forest of the Argonne; a position, moreover, fortified by four years of labor designed to render it impregnable; a position held with the fullest resources of the enemy. That position you broke utterly, and thereby hastened the collapse of the enemy's military power. Soldiers of all of the divisions engaged under the First, Third and Fifth American Corps and the Second Colonial and Seventeenth French Corps— the 1st, 2nd, 3rd. 4th, 5th, 26th, '28th, 29th, 32nd, 33rd, 35th, 37th. 42nd, 77th. 78th, 79th, 80th, 81st, 82nd, 89th, 90th and 91st American divisions, the 18th and 26th French divisions, and the 10th and 15th French ( Colonial divisions — you will be long remember- ed for the stubborn resistance of your progress, your storming of obstinately defended machine gun nests, your penetration, yard by yard, of woods and ravines, your heroic resistance in the face of counter- attacks supported by powerful artillery fire. For more than a month, from the initial attack of Sep- tember 2tith, you fought your way slowly through the Argonne, through the woods and over hills west of the Meuse; you slowly enlarged your hold on the Cotes de Meuse to the east, and then, on the 1st of November, your attack forced the enemy into flight. Pressing his retreat, you cleared the entire left bank of the Meuse south of Sedan, and then stormed the heights on the right bank and drove him into the plain beyond. Soldiers of all army and corps troops engaged — to you no less credit is due your steadfast adherence to duty and your dogged determination in the face of all obstacles made possible the heroic deeds cited above. The achievement of the First Army which is scarcely to be equalled in American history, must remain a source of proud satisfaction to the troops who participated in the last campaign of the war. The American people will remember it as the realization of the hitherto potential strength of the American contribution toward the cause to which they had sworn allegiance. There can be no greater reward for a soldier or for a soldier's memory. This order will be read to all organizations at the first assembly formation after its receipt. Official: Robert C. Davis, Adjutant (ieneral. John J. Persuing, General, Commander in Chief American Expeditionary Forces. CHAPTER VII. AFTER THE ARMISTICE, COTE DOR AND HOME ^IMELY ARRIVAL of American forces in large numbers un- doubtedly saved the Allied cause when it was at lowest ebb. Terrific fighting since 1914 with consequent heavy losses, had all contenders completely tired and exhausted — in a comparative deadlock. The fresh American divi- sions with their eager, vigorous youth were in the spring of 1918 still an unknown quantity to the Allies and their foes, but the splendid way in which they later met the best German divisions, stemmed their well planned ad- vances and routed them in their first encounters, gave fresh courage and hope to the Allied forces. It presaged ultimate victory for them. The fearless, driving offensive style of the "fighting Americans" soon made it clear that they possessed the needed "punch" to finish the Hohenzollern dream of conquest. With nearly one-third of its infantry strength, and a large number of its artillery and engineer personnel lost in killed and wounded during close to two months continuous combat activity, is eloquent testimony as to how dearly the "Lightning" Division paid and how bitterly it fought for its credited advance of 24 kilo- meters over enemy ground. Taking over the Limey Sector from the 2nd and 5th Divisions in mid-September, consolidating the freshly won ground and main- taining American supremacy by numerous raids into enemy strong- holds, all done by the 78th in such an efficient, business-like way, merited the special attention of General Headquarters when they decided upon the urgent need of new strength to batter the deter- mined enemy resistance met with in the Argonne Forest. The hurried, forced march of the 78th from the shattered Limey Sector on October 4th to the Argonne was indeed a stern test of human endurance, to be followed quickly with others more thrilling and severe when they relieved the 77th Division south of the winding River Aire. Taking over the line on the 16th, and immediately responding to the urgent call of Army Headquarters, "to divert German strength from the front of other divisions further east," the 155th Infantry Brigade crossed the river — without time for properly organizing an attack, and without artillery support — plunging knee deep through mud, charged across the open valley in the face of blazing machine guns, and swept the enemy before X c 168 History of the Seventy-eighth Division them to the northern edge of the Bois des Loges, which was destined to become a cock-pit during succeeding days. The 156th Infantry Brigade on the left, had the extremely difficult and costly task of dislodging the Germans from their stronghold of Grandpre and sur- rounding heights. Vicious thrusts and counter-offensives along this front were continued vigorously by the 78th for two weeks, all hands. Infantry, Artillery, Engineers, Signal and other branches, straining and tugging supremely to drive the Germans in disorder out of their strongly prepared positions. Sleep and food were mere incidents — little of either were to be had; these supermen were eagerly, viciously driving along on sheer nerve when their persistent lightning bolts had shattered the enemy lines, which finally gave way and broke; then the four day pursuit with its attendant strain, after which the well-nigh exhausted remnants of the "Lightning Division" were leap-frogged by the 42nd (Rainbow) Division, which had been following in support. The Rainbows continued the pur- suit, accompanied by our Artillery — the 153rd Artillery Brigade. Tired beyond measure, ravenously hungry and beastly dirty though they were, all wanted to continue on without pause, and bemoaned their lot in being held out at this stage, for they felt quite convinced that this headlong "run" of the Germans signalized the glorious end of the war. The vision of complete victory impending spurred their eager desire for continuing to the end. It was about dusk of November 5th that the valiant sur- vivors were assembled and after a substantial hot meal — the first they had enjoyed for weeks — the columns headed southward on November 6th for "rest and refitting" according to Corps orders. Passing through Briquenay, the inspiring sight of more than a hundred Allied bombing planes greeted the eye, majestically flying through the high gray clouds back to their base after a hurried visit northward, far behind the retreating German lines. Upon returning to the battered town of Grandpre, which was at this time crowded with transport and troops of the American Sixth Division, hastening to keep up with the pursuing forces, it was learned that a few German bombers had in the early gray hours of dawn that morning, visited the old town and dropped there a few tons of their vaunted "hate," killing several Americans and wounding a score more. Not yet, was the war ended. Crossing back over the River Aire, on into the wrecked vil- lages of Marcq and Chevieres, the 78th spent the night of Novem- ber 6th. On the 7th, many had the opportunity of closely inspect- ing the recently deserted, elaborate and skillful system of defense the Germans had constructed in the Bois des Loges and around Grandpre. The following day the Division marched into the heart, of the battle-torn Argonne Forest, and occupied the luxurious and substantiallv constructed German huts and concrete villas of Champ PEOPLE AND PLACES WE SAW AFTER THE VRMISTICE Typical French Peasants. Victory of the Mlies cheer tlu-m cm despite old age and l)ittiT memories of war. Little Madeleine and her brothe Andre help with the days' work. View of historic ALISE St>- REINE where < laesar and his Ro nans vanquished the Gauls, 52 B.C. 170 History of the Seventy-eighth Division Mahaut, just west of the ancient City of Varennes. It was here on the night of the 8th that rumor readied the tired troops that an armistice had been signed: these tidings were taken up by eager, overstrung men and rapidly spread to all quarters. It was not possible the following day to verify the truth of this report and it was on November 11th. when certain elements of the Division passing through Ste. Menehould, were greeted with the joyous shouts of the French populace. "Fini le Guerre." "Vive TAmeri- caine," expressed with such earnestness that the troops were finally convinced the armistice had been signed and hostilities suspended. On November 11-12-13, the division was billeted in several small villages radiating from Ste. Menehould. Here they were given bathing facilities and new underclothing was issued. All attention was centered on cleaning up during these three days. Refreshing baths, clean clothes and these few nights peaceful sleep put all hands in high spirits again. Quartered in this quiet farming district, no more annoyed with the sing-song whirr of hostile air- planes, the thunderous crash of shells or the whistling noise of German bullets, all thoughts centered on what was going to be the next move. Indeed a pleasant relief were these few quiet restful days amid peaceful surroundings. Could it be possible that the war was really ended? Visions of an early voyage home loomed clear in the minds of many. Then reports of an American Army of Occupation to go into Germany gained circulation, followed by an order calling on the 78th to furnish officers as replacements for certain divisions assigned to the Army of Occupation. Other orders followed immediately directing the 78th to send advance billeting parties to the 21st Training Area located in the Department of Cote d'Or. On November 14th. the Division, with the exception of the artillery, which remained in Verdun, was entraining and headed further south. After noon of November Kith, the first arriving elements detrained at Les Laumes; on the 17th and 18th. the remainder of the Division had arrived in the new area, and were assigned to surrounding villages for billeting. A most picturesque region of France this proved to be. The beautiful rolling country situated about thirty kilometers west of the City of Dijon, abounded with quaint places of ancient, historic interest. The most note- worthy of these was the village of Alise St. Reine, built on the summit of a rugged hill which was one of the strongholds of the ancient Gauls. It was here in the year 52 B. C. that Vercingetorix surrendered with his army after a long seige by Caesar, and the Gauls were conquered finally and forever by the Romans. Excava- tions in the vicinity disclosed the ruins of an early Phoenician city of most substantial masonry construction. Moutiers St. Jean, X X B g - PC o Kg. C - - m j. C X x Z •A X y. D - PS X o z O X r. e >- r;- x "~" — -- ff} X J ta-> -J x; JB r r > M x 17-2 History of the Seventy-eighth Division with its famous old abbey, and many other points of exceptional interest were to be found throughout the entire area. Promptly upon arrival, the troops were assigned to a score of villages radiating from the town of Semur-en-Auxois, an extremely picturesque old settlement which had been a fortified stronghold of ancient Burgundy. The assignment of various Headquarters was as follows: Division Headquarters 155th Infantrv Brigade Hdqrs. 309th " Regiment - 310th 156th Infantry Brigade Hdqrs. 311th " Regiment - 312th 153rd F. A. Brigade Hdqrs. 307th " Regiment - 308th " " - - 309th " " 303rd Engineers 307th Machine Gun Battalion 308th 309th 303rd Field Signal Battalion 303rd Supply Train - 303rd Ammunition Train 303rd Sanitary Train - Service Park Unit No. 36G - Semur-en-Auxois Epoisses Epoisses Vic de Chassenay Flavigny Flavigny Bussy-le-Grand Montbard St. Remy Senailly Fresnes Venarey Marigny Semur Montbard Semur The several Brigade, Regimental and Battalion Headquarters were from 8 to 15 kilometers from Division Headquarters — all radiating as spokes of a gigantic wheel from the hub — at Semur. With but few exceptions, these outlying villages could accommo- date only one company and in several instances, companies had some platoons billeted in separate villages. All hands made the most of their surroundings, and in a short time were very comfort- ably quartered. Over two thousand replacements were received by the Division back at Les Islettes on November 9th and 10th, and these were supplemented by considerably more during the latter part of November, which brought the Division to nearly its author- ized war strength, thereby necessitating the hasty expansion of battalion and company billeting areas to avoid uncomfortable crowding. With the approach of November's closing week, came to the minds of many, our time-honored American custom of celebrating Thanksgiving Day, and a full realization of its true significance. Enterprising mess sergeants promptly cornered the market of all VIEWS OK OLD SEMl'R , "/-, •I rl.- 'k'> <,r st ">/ 174 History of the Seventy-eighth Division available turkeys and other poultry, with the result that Thanks- giving Dinner in France was indeed a real feast and carried with it pleasant remembrances and thoughts of home and loved ones. The last week of November marked the beginning of an intensive training schedule for all arms, special attention being first given to close order drill, later followed by extended order and terrain exercises for companies, battalions, regiments and brigades, concluding with terrain exercises for the Division conducted by 1st Corps Headquarters. During December, the training schedule for all units prescribed eight hours solid drill and instruction, which was religiously followed, with the result that the month's close witnessed the remnants of the Old 78th and its new accretion of replacements — which had been absorbed since the Division left the front lines — closely knit together, presenting a wonderfully fine appearance- splendid morale, and excellent discipline, with a smart, snappy execution of drill. The spirit of the Christmas season soon pervaded the entire Division and every small village holding our troops had a genuine old-time American Christmas party on the eve of December 25th, with the amazed French children and their parents as special guests. Unaccustomed to such extravagance, they viewed with wonder the heavily laden, gayly decorated Christmas tree presided over by "good old St. Nick," impersonated by an American soldier dis- guised in proverbial white flowing beard and the other trimmings. Substantial gifts of toys, candy and nick-nacks were made to every child. All this was provided from funds created by the officers and men of the several organizations for the occasion. These Christ- mas celebrations were indeed the source of much enjoyment to the hapless French youngsters, and did much to brighten their hereto- fore dull existence of the previous four years of grim war. January and the New Year signalized the organization of Divisional Schools, covering varied subjects — English for the foreign born, all grammar school branches, agriculture, blacksmith- ing, motor repair, wireless telegraphy, electrical wiring, and other trades. All were well attended and helped many men prepare for future vocations; incidentally, these schools contributed in no small measure to making for contentment during these long winter months. Now that the war was over, many were of the opinion that all American troops not in the Army of Occupation should promtly be returned to America, little realizing the vast preparation needed to arrange shipping for the return movement of nearly two million men and the time required for perfecting necessary plans. During the months of waiting in the Cote d'Or Area, fantastic rumors flew thick and fast — some had it that the Division was to be sent to Turkey to enforce the mandate of the Peace Conference, then sitting in Paris — others reported orders issuing for the Division After the Armistice, Cote d'Or and Home 175 to move to Siberia, as much-needed re-enforcements against the Bolsheviki. Some of the gullible took these reports rather seriously and in their letters home to relatives and friends, dilated on these contemplated travels and the vague possibilities of getting hack to the I T . S. A. for many, many months to come. This frame of mind was somewhat changed in February, when General Order No. .'{.5 from G. H. Q. was published, which set forth a tentative sailing schedule for the American Divisions, with the 78th listed as (he fifteenth division in order of departure and the time announced as latter part of May. This news started speculation and instead of stilling the tongues of rumor, "straight tips" of all sorts were carried from Division Headquarters in Semur by the daily couriers who were always anxiously awaited at the several Regimental 1'. C.'s by the runners from outlying battalions, who in turn eagerly passed the word on in their quiet, confidential way as being truly authori- tative, vouched for by no less a personage than the "striker" of Lieutenant "X" of "G-5" Office. One thing, however, was certain in the minds of nearly all, after the receipt of this memorable order, and it was — that the next move of the Division would be in the direction of an embarkation port of France and then home. Speed that day was the dominant thought and hope of every man. Tlie splendid system of schools established throughout the Division Area did much to satisfy, broaden and develop the studious and ambitious during the dreary months of winter. Many other activities of a recreational character were provided — athletics, vaudeville, motion pictures, dances, horse-shows. These all did much to maintain high morale and contentment during the long, trying wait. Notwithstanding the numerous "estaminets" through- out the area and the ease with which liquors and wine could be had without restriction, there was little or no abuse of the privilege. Letters and newspapers from home told of the "Eighteenth Amend- ment," and the action taken by Congress of the United States. This news caused loud mutterings here and there, but at no time did the "bone dry" opponents have a chance when so many reports of "sailing schedules" and related rumors rilled the air. Much attention was given to the encouragement of athletic sports; the Division Commander appointed the then Captain Devereux Milburn as Athletic Officer, and he planned a very ambi- tious schedule of boxing, football, basketball, and track athletics. Representatives of the 78th Division in boxing and basketball made remarkably fine showings under the management of Capt. Gerald M. Morgan, who succeeded Major Milburn as Division Athletic Officer. The boxers of the Division won championship honors in all classes, and were chosen to represent the First Army Corps. The basketball team developed into one of the speediest fives of the American Expeditionary Forces, winning the championship of the p*f0l] SEVENTY EIGHTH DIVISION^ FRANCE 6 MARCH 1919 PRICE: AS CENTIMES THE FLASB OFFERS CASH PRIZES FOR DIVISION'S BEST STORIES ,' Tjv PrtM, MO lf»"t u»a **i uSt on™. L. maa fib. c* IBU M""F*r £J ^ H-*"0 "■ *'" : " 1I.IW Gcnml MclUa lb' r»«f ot •!»« «idtlHlk»wil>li«<«»>' ?' ■"£■? ■ *" ;.,"'"'"■.' :'■'"."..„ ..'■'," ... ■ »«»- OI>l*lCI»l PB0H0T«O 1 ■ Cap*. TtWHna. J Hdra^ai. IX io Capl .' Ruli» 1 &utf*B|lfT fmra Flild Artllltrj i Fran CapUIn '0 Ma- vna f CoiUK-r, Oanje A. [kh.b*I1 . Henry Btn< 1' . "... r,,. ».. opooriaa.i. 1» po' ■ rtlirir ilw ililnpi -BJrB *" ao mo™ ttIM p'b.p. ih« pruM-i-J" jnaj P* 55 ! u '"- ■' ',' mIi i a iotimlii-1 par p*"». ■" u ™!7 ?" I?^ 1 ™°ii!i""l;*iif' , >-i 1, iii. ,, (M C SIr * 00 I0U ilLUvr. t DIVISION BOXERS WIN VICTORY BEFORE CREAT CROWD IN PA1US lalur E- Lalt From 1M L( lo Cool 'raTii"' Jon].i F WthurT, X-tn vjitafl ■ . VDub7l! 3ESn i"-." " "■'■- - \ ili-ur C. Kwmn. Jonj> *- WhJIutf. Hi From C*nL i »n r«-.L.nl la ;""'i ,".'i".i w« v.llxiu and (fr tlm» David iboh Mint. "Ha^n. drawd id a cD»r- a Long Lona Trail -, - Vrrv PJ*w •, . u>. V.ta fjr • • L-ad W UndJM * . L-.i.l.' Onion •. ■ litt»r, U. OolJ £ »l„o>"rV. .') l.>n .' - I >■■■■ ';-' ' ' ii» ?ioUa°SiB ™ *»«, . Th, «3i~5 Hio.iD -. ma it.* "" tw * i »"; i r y*™ p:niu on 1'vnoar .*! 10. S.inil| wjnili rati, in naw caailorlably aclUn ■-nM. IE v iliVMad Into 1* collttea b™Vo™'*o;Jdi'!ln. •ij"li.n5m'i 'acul main ran op. .ol.h '"^"^'/^""j ■['caditr— nsoldiilH lot la* UnliH E.™ UDHin A.aJfcn ai W«1 P^lo'- Kit./ mtoki. BKioloti. public liialU., h»Itnt. Blilor>. moUitaJallr*, I^tv E"«Tl>ti. Fmicll. rtralitj. »»■ co»bii*tui>ti* nun mm |,V'u™' '..,.!> i -.w .i« ■"■ I UTIA-MH (SUftTiTiONi aMaS 'u^L^'l"™ iCilf luii.'pucl' ■'! '">' i'->VMr.[ pjntrilKd I aiNCttl. M!lll[ HITUHH1 r FnBir. Jltub Inlanln Fir»l Mil, lOSk o Iir-TOIuuil [ H BEaUIMIOHalHCl WlM .( IB, I .raw IwDiUDCB b» u lUM r'.'iri- ....in- .o i Bran SSVf?, 'lat" - L H .1 l't t«-i> pwictit*. D«l ■ ■ :i ... rja Bard^M o taia i*n ir,i>^h wurrl*d ird llrcd, birt iq"b B.;iQ C 'ii>™ l«tbl Mill In 'Bit nu^.J. alllv;vft- 'I -J »■ > f ■ '^"1 Uial il «i "'ft In. Ujd niaflfbarJ ol lb* Kb*, e... , rwiw wtifiiit. al-'nTai* u' iii™ lata. BluxtLtJnl ■HV ■■"»" ,, III I ,1 II . ■! ,■ .1 l ■ .'■"':',".:'.','. 3!5*iv l twi.™« L1 fi!! , ™h «" in..*'! <"J«» "™ " 0Tlte Fourth tsUDd. AfloT abalLlat kallla. Dl^rBird MOJfl la ata« .IM ltanBD« BlooJ ncd Bu' "> '/"^LS^'ia^ Sio .. ,m j„i nug fiB-i ''"• Front Page of the 7«th Division Newspaper in France After the Armistice, Cote d'Or and Home 177 First Corps and First Army. In the A. E. F. Championships at Paris, they won against all contenders from the combat divisions, losing only the final game to the Tours S. 0. S. aggregation by the close score of 21-20, in a game which was declared to he the closest and most exciting of the series. A journalistic venture fostered by the Division which proved highly successful was inaugurated in February with the appearance of the 7Sth's own newspaper "The Flash." An enthusiastic wel- come greeted the publication, the first issue of which appeared on February 6th, 1919. Several officers and men who had previous newspaper experience comprised the editorial staff — Corporal Wal- lace A. Brennan, 309th F. A., Managing Editor; Private Frank Shay. 312th Infantry. News Editor; Private Earl C. Blass, 311th Ambulance Co., Sports Editor; Corporal Floyd A. Van Dusen, Hdqrs. Troop. Business Manager; Private Maurice J. Cronin, G-2 OHice, Circulation Manager, with Major Phillip I). Hoyt, Ass't. (i- L 2. as Advisory Editor. Published weekly, brimful of newsy items of general and local interest, serious and otherwise, with full accounts of various activities throughout the division, it had its sporting page, serious editorials, and theatrical news relating to shows on the Cote d'Or circuit, and an abundance of keen humor. The popularity of "The Flash" was widespread, its originality and general excellence merited Favorable comment from Corps, Army and General Headquarters, as well as from other divisions. The paper in every issue spread cheer and good humor, doing much to keep the men contented until the long-looked for sailing orders arrived. The final edition in France was published May 10th. 1919, and was issued just prior to sailing from Bordeaux. Excellent material for the "rumor experts" was furnished when orders were received directing Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Roote, 309th Infantry. Major James J. Fitzgerald, former Division Inspec- tor; First Lieutenant Naughton Crocker. 303rd Ammunition Train, and Second Lieutenant Walter Lewy. Q. M. C, with 22 X. C. O'.s, and 45 privates from various units of the division, to proceed into Germany to report for duty in administering Russian Prisoner of War Camps beyond the Rhine. This party left Semur on February 10th. Much speculation ensued following their departure. At this period, however, all hands were so busily occupied with drill and road repair work that only passing attention was given the episode generally. Under the tutelage of the 303rd Engineers, all infantry, artillery and machine gun units were trained in rebuilding and repairing roads. All roads in the division area were suddenly closed to heavy traffic on February (ith and 7th. There was much con- jecture as to the reason, rumor promply connected the embargo with the expected move of the division for embarkation ports, but & 178 History of the Seventy-eighth Division it developed that nothing more exciting than a sudden thaw was responsible. The French civil authorities promptly called attention of the division to the old French law — "Loi sur la police de la cir- culation et al conservation des routes," a decree enacted August 23, 1863, covering the subject of caring for roads following heavy frosts. Our own General Headquarters specifically covered the situation in Par. 3, Bulletin 101, December 11, 1918, which pro- vided— "When a thaw follows a hard frost, roads will suffer damage which is often irreparable if heavy traffic is permitted to circulate before they have had time to settle. To meet this situation, the French road service has authority to restrict or, if necessary, sus- pend traffic over roads which have been affected by the frost." With the arrival of the American forces and consequent heavy traffic of ponderous motor trucks, the usually well-kept roads did suffer as a result of wear and tear prior to the thaw. So following the embargo, details from every company and battery were set to work under Engineer guidance, patching and in many instances, rebuilding entire sections of road. For several weeks the work continued with the result that all roads in the Cote d'Or Area were in excellent condition when the division departed. A number of the 78th men became authorities on the subject of road building and the thought is ventured that many American communities have, following their home coming, witnessed energetic local boom- ing of the "good roads" movement. Throughout the entire sojourn in the Cote d'Or, a very busy activity was the Division Amusement Bureau, organized by Cap- tain Wallace Cox, 310th Infantry, and later Assistant G-2. Several company, battery, battalion and regimental show troupes were organized, all of which contained very good talent, some of the men having been in the theatrical profession before entering U. S. ser- vice. Nightly shows were presented in the quaint old theatre in Semur and the numerous "Y" huts throughout the area. These show troupes, together with the Y. M. C. A. entertainers and motion picture equipment travelled from village to village under schedules arranged by the Amusement Bureau. Practically every night eight or ten shows were furnished the troops in as many differ- ent sections throughout the division. Miss Margaret Wilson, daughter of the President of the United States, visited the division with her party of entertainers on Tuesday, March 1st, and gave two unusually attractive vocal recitals, the first at the theatre in Semur and the second at Alise St. Reine. Most enthusiastic receptions were accorded Miss Wilson and her company. The Y. M. C. A., Knights of Columbus, and Red Cross, all of which had very capable and energetic representatives with the division ever since its arrival in France, including the periods of After the Armistice, Cote d'Or and Home 179 strenuous combat in the St. Mihiel, Limey, and the Argonne. All continued with increased activity to provide special features for the comfort and welfare of the troops. These organizations co-oper- ated with each other constantly, with a keen desire to render worth- while service to the men at all times. Every village boasted of its "Y" or "K. ('." lint, the "Y'.s" each presided over by a charming, active, bright-eyed American girl in the familiar light blue cost nine. Frequent enjoyable dances and entertainments were arranged by them. The K. of ('. clubs, with their sturdy male secretaries, mos1 of whom were former athletes past middle age, fathers of families, who knew human nature well, strongly encouraged the athletic instinct of the men by arranging numerous contests and games in addition to distributing liberal quantities of sweets and smokes. The large measure of good work done by these welfare organiza- tions is indeed hard to overestimate. Of the welfare workers with the 78th Division, none were more untiring in their efforts than the Misses Leslie Colby, Martha Lindsay and Eleanor Doty of the Y. M. C. A., who joined the Division while in the Limey Sector (St. Mihiel). and stayed with us up to the time of our sailing for home. These young ladies at all times, disregarding personal comfort and safety, advanced with our t loops and at every stop prepared huge pots of hot cocoa, which they served to all comers. At our '"triage" stations, they also cared for the wounded, and the comforting words and sunny smiles did much to brighten and cheer the sick and wounded. During the stay of the 7Sth Division in the Cote d'Or Area, practically every man had the opportunity of visiting one of the delightful "Leave Areas" along the Riviera Nice, Cannes, Monaco (Monte Carlo), and Menton. Other Leave Areas were Val les Bains, Aix le Bains, La Bourboul, and special leaves were granted to men to visit England. Belgium, Switzerland, and other European countries for the purpose of seeing relatives. Every ten days or two weeks, several hundred men would board a "leave train" for a ten-day period at one of the designated leave areas, all transporta- tion, hotel and living expenses paid by the Government. These "leaves" were undoubtedly the most longed-for event in the soldier's life in France, always excepting, of course, the "orders for home." Platoon, Company and Battalion competitions of varied char- acter were held from time to time throughout the Division while in the Cote d'Or Area. One to determine the platoon with best discipline, best general appearance and best all-round demonstra- tion of drill, was won by First Platoon, Company "M." '310th Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Edwin F. Korkns. and they later went to Toiuiere, 1st Army Corps Headquarters, to represent the 78th Division in the Corps Tournament on March 15, 1919. 180 History of the^Seventy-eighth Division HEADQUARTERS 78th DIVISION April 16, 1910. GENERAL ORDERS No. S The Commanding General desires to record in the General Orders of the Division the following communication from the Commander-in-Chief. "American Expeditionary Forces, Office of the Commander-in-Chief, France, April 13, 1918. "Major General James H. McRae, Commanding 78th Division, American E. F. "My dear General McRae: "It gives me great pleasure to extend to you, the officers and men of the 78th Division, my sincere compliments upon their splendid appearance at the inspection and review on the 26th of March. I wish also to take this opportunity of expressing my appreciation of the high morale existing throughout all ranks, and my satisfaction at the condition of the horse transport and artillery. All ranks should take just price in such a commendable showing as well as in the record of service in France which standi to their credit. "Arriving on June 8th, the Division trained with the British Expeditionary Forces for two months, and in August was moved into the American sector, acting as the reserve for the 1st Corps in the St. Mihiel offensive from the 12th to the 16th of September. It was then placed in the front line, relieving the 2nd and 5th Divisions, and remained in the Limey sector with the 4th Corps of the 1st United States Army until October 4th. During this time the division kept up continuous aggressive patrolling until its relief from the line. On the night of October 15th-16th, it relieved the 77th Division and there- after remained in the Meuse-Argonne offensive until November 5th. The names of Grand Pre and the strong position of Bois des Loges, whose final reduction came only after a succession of desperate assaults and counter-assaults, will always be remembered in the history of the American Expeditionary Forces. On November 2nd, the Division occupied the Bois des Loges and thereafter made a rapid advance of over 21 kilometers, during the course of which the towns of Beffet le Mort Homme, Briquenay, Boult- aux-Bois, Belleville-sur-Bar, Germont, Authe, Brieulles-sur-Bar and V'errieres were occupied. In view of this record, I want every man in the Division to know of my appreciation of his work. "Please therefore extend my congratulations to the members of your Division, who may proudly carryjhome with them the gratitude of the Allies with whom they fought and the pride of their fellows throughout the Forces. "Sincerely yours, "John J. Pershing." By Command of Major General McRae. H. N. Cootes, Chief of Staff. OFFICIAL: A. L. L'Heureux, Adjutant. Vanguard of 78th Division marching into SEMl'R-en- \l XOIS November 17 In is Part of the Infantry and Artillerv passing in review before General Pershing on the plain.' of l.rs l.U'MKS 7 . .>.,. «Wfcto : A-v- 1 «♦'- ■ ^ J*J>1*' » w» Ml SKETRY CHAMPIONS of the American E. K. Second Platoon, *'L" Co., 310th [nlantrv 182 History of the Seventy-eighth Division The Third Battalion, 309th Infantry, commanded by Major Rafael Segarra. won the honors in competition to determine the best combat battalion. Probably the most noteworthy competitive victory was that won in the Musketry Competition at Le Mans, where the best platoon from each Combat Division assembled for the A. E. F. Championships. Lieutenant W. A. Hitchcock led the 2nd platoon of Company "L," 310th Infantry, to a brilliant victory in the Battle Efficiency Competition at the D'Avours Range, winning the A. E. F. platoon musketry trophy, over all the combat divisions in France. In a combat problem that thrilled spectators, this platoon put up a show that was said to be the nearest approach to real warfare that had been witnessed in France since the signing of the Armistice. A Kitchen Competition covering a period of several weeks, during which time a special board of judges passed upon the clean- liness and sanitation of kitchens, equipment, management and personnel, and the variety and sufficiency of the menu, aroused keen interest. Company "L," 311th Infantry won 1st prize, with a general average of 95.9 as its rating; Company "M," 309th Infantry was a close second, with 92.9; 303rd Train Headquarters was third with 82.5, and Battery "B," 307th F. A. fourth with 73.8. Great, stirring activity such as the staid natives of the Cote d'Or region had never before witnessed, was the order of the day on Wednesday, March 26th, 1919, with every unit of the division up before daybreak and on the move to LesLaumes for Inspection and Review by General John J. Pershing. It was here on the historic plains of Les Laumes — where 2,000 years before, the legion of Caesar embattled the Gauls — that the 78th Division massed for its final inspection and review by the Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Forces. In battle array, every officer and man wearing trench helmets, the division made a splendid appearance. General Pershing made a minute inspection of every platoon, passing through the columns, asking questions of men here and there, and complimenting many. Following the inspection, the colors of all units were massed in "front and center" of the division, and the Commander-in-Chief here presented the Distinguished Service Crosses to the officers and men of the 78th who had earned them for heroic service in action "above and beyond the call of duty". Battle streamers were then attached to regimental and battalion colors by General Pershing, and following this the entire Division passed in review. The torrential downpour of rain that afternoon only added zest to the ceremony, the infantry brigades, the engi- neer regiment and auxiliary troops marched by in perfect alignment, followed by the light artillery regiments and the regiments of motor- ized "heavies." The splendid carriage and appearance of the troops earned the highest commendation of the Commander-in-Chief. After the Armistice. Cote d'Or and Home 183 Word was received on April 2nd thai the Division was to be prepared to move direct to Bordeaux Embarkation Area, thereby avoiding the "staging" period at Le Mans. The tentative instruc- tions were that Division Headquarters was to be established in Castres, about 20 kilometers from Bordeaux, the Artillery Brigade to be in area around Gradignon, one Infantry Brigade in area around Ccrons, the other in area around St. Scire, with the Engineers around Barsac, the Trains around Portets, and the Machine Gun Battalions in Langoiran and Letourne. Much had already been done by way of preparation for the division's departure from tin- Cote d'Or region. Considerable property had been turned in, baggage was being prepared, claims settled and everything arranged for having the area thoroughly policed and left in tip-top shape by middle of April. General Mediae, having in mind the future welfare of the men of his Division, directed that a conference of representatives of the several regiments and separate organizations be quickly arranged to consider the advisability of organizing a permanent association, whose object and purpose would be to aid the TSth Division men in readjusting themselves upon their return to civilian life. This conference was held on April 12th, and it was unanimously agreed to take immediate action toward forming such an association before leaving the Cote d'Or Area. Accordingly, a call was issued for each battalion or similar unit to send delegates to a representative assembly on Tuesday. April 1.3th. This assembly turned out to be in enthusiastic accord with the idea and the several necessary com- mittees were then and there appointed, with instructions to report back on Monday, April 21st. On this date, constitution and by- laws were adopted and the following officers and standing com- mit tees elected: HONORARY PRESIDENT Major General James H. McRae, Division Commander. PRESIDKM Lieut. Colonel Marshal Stearns, :511th Infantry. VICE-PRESIDENTS Lieut. Colonel Charles M. Butler. 312th Infantry. Master Engineer Harold C. Backus. 303rd Engineers. SECRETARY-TREASURER Lieut. Colonel Thomas F. Meehan, G-3, A. C. of S. ASSISTANT SECRETARY-TREASURER Regimental Sergeant Major Clifford A. Alliston, G-3, Division Headquarters. a c O M DO • — -0' _ -/2 Sou - - : < --5 = T 61) -^ £ e a _c a H^ 1 After the Armistice. Cote d'Or and Home 1 S.> FOUR MEMBERS AT LARGE Regimental Supply Sergeant John Nagel, 312th Infantry. Corporal Louis S. Turner, .'507th Field Artillery. Sergeant Joseph Gibson, Jr., 309th Infantry. Sergeant 1st Class J. W. Swannie, 303rd Engineers. CHAIRMAN OF EMPLOYMENT COMMITTEE Lieut. Colonel Thomas F. Meehan. G-3 A. ('. of S. CHAIRMAN OF PUBLICITY COMMITTEE First Sergeant Raymond A. Sehroth. 311th Infantry. A supply of "Application for Civil Employment" blanks were furnished to every company commander in the division, with request that any man not sure of his old job or suitable employment upon his discharge, he given the opportunity to rill out one of these blanks and send it to Chairman of the Employment Committee. Nearly 3.000 of these applications were received and steps immediately taken to aid these men find congenial jobs at home. Late Monday afternoon. April 21st, 1019, the following tele- gram was received at Division Headquarters, and caused a great flurry throughout the entire Area:— "Tours, April 21 . Commanding General, 7 y. After the Armistice. Cote d'Or > After the Armistice. Cote d'Or and Home 189 former to arrange important employment matters in the United States in advance of the troops' arrival, and the latter to arrange for the production of Division Show for the edification of the "home folks." Ships were awaiting the arrival of the troops in Marseilles, so immediately upon detraining they were met by embarkation officers, and with feverish haste all formalities were complied with and thirty-six hours after reaching Marseilles some units were aboard ship heading homeward on the Mediterranean Sea, as was the case with Col. Bunker's 308th Field Artillery Regiment and Major Lowry's 308th Machine (inn Battalion. By April 30th, all 78th troops sent to Marseilles had boarded ships. Among the last to leave were the 307th Field Artillery and Division Show Troupe aboard the good ship "Guiseppi Verdi," which already had among its civilian passengers from Genoa, Italy, Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, widow of the latedamented President of the United States, with a notable party from the American Embassy at Rome. The leisurely trip through the Mediterranean Sea, with the one day stop at Gibraltar for coal, passing along the southern coast of Spain and touching the Azore Islands, was a decided novelty to these men, who had, in "going oyer" just one year previously, made a hasty run directly across the Atlantic to English Channel ports. Just prior to the hurried departure of the Artillery and Machine Gun units from the Cote d'Or Area, orders were received from G. H. Q. directing the Commanding General 78th Division to detail seven officers with special qualifications, to accompany General Haller's Polish Legion troops from Paris, through Germany into troubled Poland, to combat the Bolsheviki menace. These Polish troops who had been serving in France numbering about 50,000, were placed under command of General Haller for the mission and scheduled to leave Paris by rail at the rate of two trains per day beginning on April 18th. The 78th officers detailed for this mission were: Majors Thomas 11. Remington, 309th Infantry, and David Warshaw, 311th Infantry; Captains George II. McCaffrey, Ass't. G-3, John K. Dunn and Edward Vail, 1.53rd Artillery Brigade, William C. Warren, Jr., 307th F. A., and First Lieutenant Charles Pfeiffer, 312th Infantry. Instructions were given that these officers were not to be dropped from their organization rolls, as upon completion of movement of troops to Poland, they were to return to the 78th Division, and in event the Division had sailed for home they were to return to the United States. After many interesting and exciting experiences in Germany and Poland, these officers returned to the U. S., weeks after the Division had been demobilized. The Infantry Regiments, the Kngineers and the few remaining auxiliary units left in the Cote d'Or. on April 25th sent an advance party of 15 officers and 200 men to Bordeaux Area to make all 190 History of the Seventy-eighth Division HEADQUARTERS 78TH DIVISION. May 30, 1919. GENERAL ORDERS, No. 14. To the Officers and Men of 78th Division: Instructions having issued from the War Department directing the demobilization of the 78tb Division, the time has come for me to say farewell to the members of this command. In addressing you at this time of parting, I recall to mind the incidents of the past eighteen months during which it has been my fortune to command you. Your willing response and application under the trying demands made on you during the period of organization and training, revealed even then that spirit, which with vour advent into conflict in the LIMEY SECTOR and the ST. MIHIEL OPERATIONS, manifested a courage and an indomitable will to win and later, during the gruelling MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE, an endurance which was inexhaustible, — a spirit which impelled you to write in deeds your patriotism and devotion to duty, and your loyalty to your comrades and to the Division. Later, during the five months of irksome inactivity, from the cessation of hostilities to your embark- ing for home, the patience and self control which characterized your conduct were a test of the courage of your manhood, second in importance only to the test of conflict from which you had so recently, successfully emerged. It is with pride that I can refer to the tribute contained in the farewell orders received from our Commander-in-Chief, General John J. Pershing, and from Lieutenant General Hunter Ligget, Com- manding the First Army and First Corps, under whom we served in the above mentioned operations. It is believed that this praise was well merited by this Division and I wish to thank each and every officer and soldier for the part which he so gallantly played. It is recognized that your noble response to the Service of your Country made necessary by the crisis through which we have just passed, has of necessity seiiously interrupted your former civil pur- suits, but it is hoped that the experience gained by you while serving this great cause has not been a permanent loss to you but that it has resulted in better fitting you to cope with the new problems of life which will confront you. I wish you a hearty God speed with the sincere hope that the best of success may crown your future efforts. J. H. McRae, Major General, Commanding. ■'«*£ General McRae chatting with Colonel \V. ('. Babcock, commander 310th Infantry ;it the docks in Bordeaux, Brig. General Jas. T. Dean, Commanding 156th Inf. Brigade. Brig. General Otho I?. Rosenbaum, Command ing 1.1.3th Inf. Brigade. J3 X p H Q « O K ee o T3 l 3ts Oh! -o I W z OS After the Armistice, Cote d'Or and Home 193 necessary arrangements for the reception of the 78th troops which were scheduled to move by rail from Semur, Epoisses and Les Laumes beginning April 30th. All hands were satisfied that there were to be no more delays and that the month of May would see all of the 78th on their way back across the Atlantic to the good, old U. S. A. Commencing the second week in May, various units of the Division boarded ships in the Port of Bordeaux and started home- ward. On May 24th, the S. S. Santa Anna sailed with Major Gen- eral McRae, Division Headquarters, and the 303rd Engineer Regi- ment — the last of the 78th had left Erance. On June 6th, the Santa Anna docked at Rush Terminal, Brooklyn, and General James H. McRae, who more than one year previously directed the embarka- tion of his "Lightning" Division on the first leg of the "Great Adventure," continuously directed their activities throughout their service in France, had the keen pleasure of personally seeing his division safely returned home amid triumphant greetings for the splendid part they so heroically played in downing the Prussian attempt to dominate the world. Upon arrival in the U. S., the various units of the Division were sent to "their own" Camp Dix, Wrightstown, N. J., well remem- bered as the birthplace of the "Lightning" 78th. Several companies of the 310th and all the 311th Infantry were, however, sent to Camp Merritt, N. J., owing to a large number of troops from other divi- sions previously arrived, being still quartered in Camp Dix, await- ing discharge. By June 15th, 1919, the complete personnel, property and other records of the 78th had been satisfactorily checked by the demobilization officers of Camp Dix, clearance was given to the responsible officers, all emergency personnel had been discharged, and the "Lightning" 78th Division was actually and completely demobilized. Another one of that stalwart group of combat divisions which had written world history in large undying letters of blood with the American Expeditionary Forces was from this day to be only a memory — a sweet, fragrant memory of patriotic service, heroic sacrifice, and duty well done. As such it will live through the ages. SEVENTY-EIGHTH DIVISION OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN AWARDED DECORATIONS SAWELSON, WILLIAM, Sergeant, Co. M, 312th Infantry. Awarded Medal oi Honor. W. D.-G. O. No. 16, 1919. William Sawelson, sergeant, Company M, 312th Infantry. For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy at Grandpre, France, October 26, 1918. Hearing a wounded man in a shell hole some distance away calling for water. Sergeant Sawelson, upon his own initiative, left shelter and crawled through heavy machine-gun 6re to where the man lay, giving him what water he had in his canteen. He then went back to his own shell hole, obtained more water, and was returning to the wounded man when he was killed by a machine-gun bullet. ADAMS, JAMES S.. Private 1st Class, Co. M, 810th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 127, 1918. James S. Adams, private, Company M, :510th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action at Mon Plaisir Farm, north of Thiaucourt, France, September 22, 1918. Disregarding his own personal safety, he went to an open field, swept by heavy machine-gun fire, to the assistance of an officer who had been wounded during the withdrawal of his company from a raid. He bandaged the officer's wound and carried him to shelter, thereby saving the officer's life. ALDRIDGE, JOSEPH S., JR.. Private 1st Class, Co. B, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 26, 1919. Joseph S. Aldridge, Jr., private first class. Company B, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Vieville-en-Haye, France, September 24-25, 1918. On the night of Sep- tember 24, 1918, Private Aldridge repeatedly carried messages between his company and battalion headquarters through a heavy barrage. He also took the place of a wounded litter bearer and assisted in bringing in wounded under shell fire. BACKMAN, JOHN A., Second Lieutenant. Co. A, 308th Machine Gun Battalion. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. John A. Bachman, second lieutenant, 308th Machine Gun Battalion. For extraordinary heroism in action near Jaulny, France, September 26, 1918. During an early morning raid he attempted to place two guns in position, when the enemy opened a terriffic barrage. He was ordered to shelter on the slope of the hill, and, after his men had taken refuge there, he went back to determine whether or not all of his men had found shelter. In passing through the heavy barrage he was hit by a shell and instantly killed. BAKER, JESSE, Private, Co. A, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Jesse Baker, private, Company A, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 18, 1918. He carried a message from his platoon leader to the leader of an adjoining platoon, crossing an area swept by an intense machine-gun fire. While waiting for a reply, he was seriously wounded, but returned with an answer to his platoon leader, remaining on duty until ordered evacuated by his commanding officer Winners of Decorations 195 BALLING, JOSEPH P., Corporal. Co. M. Sllth Infantry. Awarded I). S. C. W. D.-G. (). No. 64, 1919. Joseph P. Balling (Army serial No. 1749662), corporal. Company M. Sllth Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, November 1. mis. Assigned to the duty of carrying rations, water, and ammunition to the front line, Corporal Balling led his details over ground under incessant gas attacks and terrific shell (ire. Although his force was greatly decreased through casualties, he maintained complete control and succeeded in supplying the troops with necessities. After being helplessly wounded he directed the movements for the safety of his detail and the care of the wounded. Home address, Mrs. Caroline Balling, mother, MS [deal Street. Buffalo, N. Y. BARRY, EDWARD W., Private, Co. I, :Sllth Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 37, 1919. Edward II'. Barry, private. Company I, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 25, 1918. Acting as stretcher bearer, under heavy machine-gun tire, he was wounded, but. disregarding his own injuries, he went to the aid of another wounded man, and while attending him was killed by shrapnel. BLOOMBERG, SAM, Private 1st Class. Co. I!. 812th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 44, 1919. Sam Bloomberg, private first class. Company B, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 18-23, 1918. During the period of five days that his company was occupying an advanced and isolated position Private Bloomberg volunteered and carried messages to his company headquarters after seeing two other runners wounded in the attempt to cross through the sweeping barrage. He was at all times under constant tire and observation of enemy machine gunners, but he succeeded in establishing liaison during the entire operations. BLUME, LEO H., Private 1st Class, Co. C. S12th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 04, 1919. /.in //. Blumi: private first class. Company C, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Talma Farm, France, October 18, 1918. He vc'.uneercd to carry a message from his platoon across a zone of 200 yards swept by heavy artillery and machine-gun fire. He was seriously wounded while making the attempt to perform the mission, and remained under this terrific fire for over two hours before it was possible to rescue him. BONAVANTURE, FERDINANDO, Private, Co. B, 309th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Awarded I). S. C. Ferdinando Bonavantura, private. Company B. 309th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near St. Juvin, France, October 19, 19IS. Private Bonavantura, armed with an automatic rifle, captured a machine gun single-handed under heavy flanking fire from machine guns. The gun was supported by a squad of infantry, whom he forced to flee. Later he led a detail far into the enemy lines, encouraging his men by his fearless example. IU 1)1). ARTHUR O, Lieutenant Colonel. Sllth Infantry. Awarded I). S. C. \V. D.-G. 0. No. 35, 1919. . I rlli u r l> 11 ihl.l, lieutenant colonel, Sllth Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, Francs October 28, 1918. After our troops had established a new line and before the position had been consolidated, the enemy put down an exatrordinary heavy barrage on the position. Col. Budd went through this liarorag,- fr.nn one end of the line to tin- other to prepare for the expected counter attack before returning to his post of command. 196 History of the Seventy-eighth Division BUONOMO, ANTHONY, Private 1st Class, Co. F, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. Anthony Buonomo, private first class, Company F, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Chevieres, France, October 19, 1918. Private Buonomo was voluntarily acting as guide on a reconnaissance with an officer, when the latter was severely wounded by a bursting shell. Having himself been struck by a shell fragment, he disregarded his own injuries, but imme- diately bandaged the officer's wound and assisted him to the dressing station, 800 meters away, across an open field swept by shell fire. He then volunteered to return to division headquarters through intense artillery fire to report that the reconnaissance had not yet been completed. BURKE, WALTER F., Private 1st Class, Medical Detachment, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. —No. 44, 1919. Walter F. Burke, private first class. Medical Detachment, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near VieviUe-en-Haye, France. September 25-26, 1918. During an extreme shell- ing he cared for the wounded, although exposed at all times to the hazard of the rain of shells. He was stunned by the concussion of a high-explosive shell, which killed men on both sides of him, but he continued until ordered tc the aid post. He volunteered and returned to the lines to relieve a comrade who had fallen from exhaustion. CAMPBELL. ALEXANDER, Sergeant, Co. 1, 309th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 71, 1919. Awarded D. S. C. Alexander Campbell (Army serial No. 1735613), sergeant, Company I, 309th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action at Rembercourt, France, September 23, 1918. A shell landed in an observation post occupied by Sergeant Campbell and two other soldiers, seriously wounding all three. Though he himself had been struck in seven places, this soldier placed both his com- panions under shelter and then walked through the barrage to company headquarters, where he sent stretcher bearers to the assistance of his wounded comrades, before securing first aid for himself. Next of kin: Mrs. Frank Campbell, mother. R. F. D. No. 9. Lockport, N. Y. CAMPBELL, JAMES E., Private 1st Class, Co. K. 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. James E. Campbell, private first class, Company K, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, November 1, 1918. After all the regular company runners had become casualties, Private Campbell volunteered as a runner, carrying a call for rein- forcements through enemy barrage and guiding the reinforcing troops back to his company. He then aided in first-aid work until his company was relieved. CARROLL, THOMAS, Private 1st Class, Co. D, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Thomas Carroll, private first class, Company D, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 18, 1918. Accompanying a patrol. Private Carroll voluntarily advanced, in the face of annihilating machine-gun fire, in attacking a machine-gun nest which was halting the progress of his platoon. He forced the enemy to retreat and then captured the gun. CARTER, WILLIAM C, Private, Co. F, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. William C. Carter, private, Company F, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary herosim in action near Grandpre, France, November 1, 1918. While the advance of his company was being held up by hostile machine-gun fire, he worked his way around the enemy's flank, and although exposed to sniper fire he charged the nest and by the effective use of hisChauchat rifle captured that nest and the one on the right. His action made possible the further advance of his company and the capture of 47 more prisoners. Winners of Decorations 1!)7 CASTLEMAN. LAWRENCE A., Private 1st Class. Co. K, 811th Infantry Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Lawrence A. Castleman, private first class. Company K, 311tli Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 25, 1918. Despite the fact that the remainder of his company hail been forced to evacuate a height, Private Castleman remained at his post, and by exceptional handling of his automatic rillc stopped an enemy advance and made it possible for his company to again occupy the position. COLEMAN", CARROLL, J., Private 1st (lass, Co. II. 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 70, 1919. ( 'arroli ./. Coleman (Army serial No. 1704771), private first class, Company II, 31 1th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 17, 1918, and November 1, 1918. With another soldier Private Coleman went out 25 yards in advance of the front line under severe shell and machine-gun fire and carried to shelter a wounded comrade. After administering first aid, they carried him 4 kilometers to the dressing station across fields exposed to heavy hostile fire. On November 1 he went through heavy artillery and machine-gun fire and assisted in carrying his commanding officer, who had been wounded, to the aid station. I'pon his return, though nearly exhausted, he volunteered to go back with an ammunition detail. Home address. Mrs. Mary Coleman (mother), postoffice box 91, Schodack Landing, N. Y. COLLINS, JAMES P., 1st Sergeant, Co. D, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. James P. Collins, first sergeant, Company D, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 23, 1918. Upon his own initiative he crossed an open field heavily swept by machine-gun fire, and, assisted by two other soldiers, carried to shelter his com- pany commander, who had been mortally wounded. COLONNA, THOMAS, Private, Co. F, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Thomas Colonna, private, Company F, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action at Grandpre, France, October 17, 1918. I'pon being wounded by a shell, he refused to go to the rear, but remained on the firing line against the advice of his commanding officer, dressing wounds of two comrades. CONKLIN. MATTHEW E., Second Lieutenant, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. Matthew E. Conldin, second lieutenant, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near St. Juvin, France, October 16. 1918. Lieutenant Conklin was wounded while leading his company in advance, but continued to lead his men across an open area under a heavy machine- gun and artillery fire, wading the Agran River, and took his position on a hillside, where he directed the digging in of his company, before he would be evacuated. CONOVER, HOWARD R., Private, Co. A, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 16, 1919. Howard R. Conwer, private. Company A, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 20, 1918. Although painfully wounded in the hand, he went to the assistance of a wounded comrade who was lying helpless in an exposed position. He carried him from the front, a distance of 400 yards, on his back, and when forced to relinquish his burden because of exhaustion, he informed and directed stretcher-bearers, thus assuring the safety of his comrade. 198 History of the Seventy-eighth Division CONROY. LAWRENCE, Mechanic, Co. I, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 81. 1919. Lawrence Conroy (Army serial No. 1737034), mechanic, Company I, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary herosim in action near Grandpre, France, October 23, 1918. Seeing a comrade lying wounded in front of our lines, Mechanic Conroy voluntarily made his way forward and rescued the man from direct machine-gun fire. After all platoon leaders had become casualties he assumed command and very creditably directed the action throughout the entire attack. Next of kin, Andrew Conroy (father), 79 Joseph Street, Newark, N. J. COUGHLIN, WILLIAM C, Private, Co. L, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. William C. Coughlin, private, Company L, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action at Grandpre, France, October 23. 1918. He volunteered and maintained liaison with a company which had been cut off from the rest of the battalion, making several trips across open ground for 150 yards under intense machine-gun fire. CRISTOFARO, VITTORIA, Private, Co. K, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Yittorio Crislofaro, private, Company K, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 23, 1918 While his company was forced to lie in the open for a period of 24 hours, because of the murderous machine-gun and artillery fire of the enemy, Private Crixlofaro, occupying a position in front of the company, advanced and attacked the enemy gun nests, silencing no less than three guns and killing their crews. DELOTO, PETER, Sergeant, Co. K, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O No. 37, 1919. Peter Deloto, sergeant, Company K, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 25, 1918. During the attack Sergeant Deloto single-handed cap- tured 8 prisoners, and later aided materially in the capture of 16 more. When his company had been held up by the fire of a machine gun, he set out, unassisted, and succeeded in capturing it, during which exploit he was wounded in the leg. DE ROGATIS. ALBERT, Private, Co. M, 309th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 81. 1919. Awarded D. S. ( '. Albert De Rogatis (Army serial No. 1752789), private, Company M, 309th Infantry. For extraordinary herosim in action near St. Juviii. France, October 16, 1918. When his company was held up by heavy machine-gun fire Private De Rogatis voluntarily worked his way behind an enemy machine-gun position, killed a German soldier, and captured seven others, together with two machine guns. Next of kin, Generso De Rogatis (fatheri. Province Avellino, Teora, Italy. DOLAN, BERNARD LEO, Corporal. Co. I. 309th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. Record from A. E. F. "For extraordinary heroism inaction near Champigneulle, France, October 16. 1918. Although he was himself wounded. Corporal Dolan left the shelter of a shell hole and went out under terrific machine gun fire to assist a wounded comrade. In so doing he received another wound, which caused his death." DONOVAN, JAMES J.. Corporal. Medical Detachment, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. James J. Donovan, corporal, Medical Detachment, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 16-20, 1918. In the face of heavy shell and machine- Winners of Decorations 199 gun tire and continuous gas attacks, he established and maintained for f.mr days a dressing station in a most advanced position. When an ninny attack seemed imminent, he refused to retire to safety. I>ut remained at his post, being relieved after lii> comrades advanced. DUFFY, FRANCIS A., Private. Medical Detachment, 810th Infantry. \w URDED D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. •■!(), unit. Francis A. Duffy, private, Medical Detachment, :siotli Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Thiaucourt and Grandpre. France, September 21 and October 16, 1918. On Sep- tember -21. at Thiaucourt, France, lie remained in the front-line trenches under heavy artillery and machine-gun fire, caring for the wounded, and displaying utter disregard of personal danger while administering first-aid treatment to til men. During the advance of his company from St. Juvin to Grandpre he followed immediately behind the first wave, under heavy machine-gun and shell fire, caring for tin' wounded as they fell. DUNN, PARKER G., Private 1st Class. S12th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 82, 1919. Parker C. Dunn, first-class private, 1st Battalion, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpr , France, October 23. 1918. When his battalion commander found it necessary to send a message to a company in the attacking line and hesitated to order a runner to make the trip because of the extreme danger involved, Private Dunn, a member of the intelligence section, volunteered for the mission. After advancing but a short distance across a field swept by artillery and machine-gun fire, he was wounded, but continued on and fell wounded a second time. Still undaunted, hi- persistently attempted to carry out his mission until he was killed by a machine-gun bullet before reaching the advance line. EMERSON, WILLARD I., Captain, Co. G, Sllth Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. (). No. 3, 1919. Wittard Ingham Emerson, captain, Sllth Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action mar Grandpre, France, November 1, 1918. (apt. (then Lieutenant) Emerson displayed remark- able gallantry and leadership (hiring the fighting north of Grandpre when the line of his regiment was the pivot for the advance of the Army. He personally led his company around machine-gun nests, frequently going out with selected patrols f IP r the purpose of bombing out enemy mac lime gunners. When the commanding officer of the company on his left was incapacitated he at once took command of the company and maneuvered it with his own. By his example, in undergoing hardships during the advance, he sustained the morale of his men and inspired them to valiant combat FAHEY, JOSEPH II.. Sergeant. Co. li. Sllth Infantry \» utDBD D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 26, 1919. Joseph II. Fahey, sergeant, < !ompany B, Sllth Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Yivcillc-en Have. France, September 26, 1918. He made three attempts to silence several machine guns which had held up his platoon. He retired only after he had been wounded and his companions killed or wounded. FALKINBERG, EDWARD A . Private, Medical Detachment. Sllth Infantry. Awarded I). S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 15, 1919. E. A. Falkinburg, private. Medical Detachment 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Cb.6vie.res, Fiance. October 21, litis. He remained on duty continuously for i hours, administering aid to wounded men under heavy shell fire. Finding that he could not properly work while wearing his gas mask, he removed it. although many gas shells were bursting in his vicinity. After being gassed he continued to work for an hour until all the wounded were attended. 200 History of the Seventy-eighth Division FAZLER, ROBERT, Private 1st Class, Co. L, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. Robert Fazler, private first class, Company L, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action in Grandpre France, October 22, 1918. After delivering a message to his battalion head- quarters, and while passing through the main street of Grandpre, which was being enfiladed by a terrific enemy fire. Private Fazler went to the rescue of a comrade who had fallen under the direct fire and observation of the enemy, notwithstanding the warning that to go to the man's aid would mean certain death to himself. He gave the wounded man first-aid treatment and successfully carried him to a place of safety. FIIGEN, PETER, Private, Co. G, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 26, 1919. Peter Fiigen, private, Company D, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Vieville-en-Haye, France, September 23-24, 1918. On the night of September 23-24. Private Fiigen repeatedly carried messages between his company and battalion headquarters through a heavy barrage, until completely exhausted. On the morning of September 26, he volunteered and carried an important message to battalion headquarters through a heavy machine-gun fire. FOGG, PRESTON D., First Lieutenant, Co. E, 309th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Awarded D. S. C. Preston Doune Fogg, first lieutenant. 309th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Champignejlles, France, October 16. 1918. After leading his company in the attack on Champigneulles ^nd thereafter successfully withdrawing the remnants of his command, Lieu- tenant Fogg, although himself wounded, carried to shelter another wounded officer who was unable to walk. GALLAGHER, CORNELIUS E., Sergeant, Co. C, 309th Machine Gun Battalion. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O No. 35, 1919. Cornelius E. Gallagher, sergeant, Company C, 309th Machine Gun Battalion. For extraor- dinary heroism in action near Grandpre. France, October 28-29, 1918. Although painfully wounded in the shoulder, he remained at his post for six hours without reporting his wound. Even then he requested permission to remain, and, having obtained it, he encouraged his men to withstand a threatened counter attack. He left the field only when ordered to do so. GEER, FREDERICK W., Private, Co. M, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Frederick W. Geer, private, Company M, 312th Infantry. . For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 26, 1918. In the face of heavy machine-gun fire and on his own initiative Private Geer left a place of safety and made his way by crawling to the side of a wounded comrade, administering first-aid treatment. GOLDSTEIN, ISAAC, Private, Co. D, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. Isaac Goldstein, private. Company D, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Talma Farm, France, October 19, 1918. Disregarding the warning that to leave shelter meant almost certain death, Private Goldstein went to the aid of a wounded comrade, through an open field, exposed to murderous artillery and machine-gun fire. Bringing his comrade back to safety, he took a message from the wounded man's pocket and delivered it to its destination. Under cover of darkness he carried his comrade to a first-aid station. Winners of Decorations £01 GRISWALD, CHAUNCEY J., Private 1st Class, Medical Detachment, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. l).-(;. <). No. 35, 1919. Chauncey ./. Grisvald, private first class, Medical Detachment. 312th Infantry. For extra- ordinary heroism in action near Grandpre. France. October 16, HUH. He volunteered to leave his battalion, which was in support, and went forward to the front line, where he established a dressing station. He remained with this advance station during the entire time it was in the line and gave first aid to the wounded under constant shell fire and through frequent gas attacks. GUINUP, EARL M., Private, Co. K, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W, D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Earl M. Guinvp, private. Company K, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 23, 1918. While Grandpre was being severely bombarded by artillery Private Gitinup volunteered to enter a section of the town to determine the advisability of his company's entrance therein. He successfully accomplished his mission through the severest barrage and returned with the necessary information for the entrance. GUMBS, ESRIC ('., Private 1st Class, Co. E, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. Esric C. Gumbs, private first class, Company E, 310th Infantry. F'or extraordinary heroism in action near Authe and Sy. France. Nov ember 2-4, 1918. Private Gumbs, while acting as battalion runner, repeatedly crossed anas subjected to heavy shell and machine-gun fire, carrying messages to and from Hank companies. His work, performed with unhesitating devotion to duty, materially contributed to the successful advance of his battalion. HARGRAVE, THOMAS J., First Lieutenant, Co. C, 309th Machine Gun Battalion. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Thomas J. Hargrove, first lieutenant, 309th Machine Gun Battalion. F'or extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 26, 1918. He personally made a reconnaissance of the entire front of the battalion to which he was attached, under heavy machine-gun and shell fire, and returned with very valubale information in the shortest time possible. He returned through an open field, subjected to an enemy fire. This officer later rendered valuable assistance in repelling a counter-attack by his coolness and intelligent direction of the company. HKNNESSEY, JAMES, Sergeant, Co. B, 312th Infantry. Aw vrded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 64, 1919. James Hennessey (Army serial No. 1750394), sergeant, Company B, 312th Infantry. For extraordinaiy heroism in action at Grandpre, France, October 22, 1918. With all disregard for his own danger, he crawled about 30 yards through a sweeping machine-gun fire to the rescue of a wounded comrade. He was killed by a machine-gun bullet while administering aid to the wounded soldier. Home address, Mrs. Matty Hennessey, mother, 327 Lafayette Street, Newark, N. J. HERRMANN, BERTRAND, Private 1st Class, Co. D, 312th Infantry. Aw ahded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Bertrand Herrmann, private first class, Company D, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 23, 1918. Private Herrmann, with his twin brother, Private (first class) Victor Herrmann, voluntarily crossed an open field heavily swept by machine-gun fire and assisted First Sergeant James P. Collins carry to shelter their company com- mander, w ho had been mortally wounded. As they were returning to our lines, this soldier was slightly wounded, and later in the day while being evacuated to the rear he was killed by a shell. 202 History of the Seventy-eighth Division HERRMANN, VICTOR, Private 1st Class, Co. D, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Victor Herrmann, private, Company D, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre. France, October 23, 1918. Private Herrmann, with his twin brother, Private (First Class) Berlrand Herrmann, voluntarily crossed an open field heavily swept by machine-gun fire and assisted First Sergeant James P. Collins to carry tc shelter their company commander, who had been mortally wounded. HIGGINS, WILLIAM H., Sergeant, Co. I, 309th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 71, 1919. Awarded D. S. C. William II. Higgins (Army serial No. 1735641), sergeant, Company I, 309th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Bois de Loges, France, October 16, 1918. Although pain- fully wounded early in an attack, he refused to be evacuated, and continued to lead his platoon in the advance, displyaing marked personal bravery. Home address: Mrs. Mary Higgins, mother, 41 Williams Street, Lockport, N. Y. HOLDEN, JAMES E., Private, Headquarters Company, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. James E. Holden, private, Headquarters Company, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Limey, France, September 20, 1918. Llndaunted by heavy shell fire, Private Holden, a runner between brigade and regiment headquarters, delivered an important message, walking and crawling through a wood which was being so heavily bombarded with gas and high-explosive shells that it had been evacuated. He returned to his post after delivering his message through the same severe fire. HUFF, CHESTEH R., Private, Medical Detachment, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 4t, 1919. Chester Ray Huff, private. Medical Detachment, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Thiaucourt, France, September 17-27. 1918. During the night of September 17, Private Huff gave proof of great devotion to duty by leaving protection and assisting another comrade in bringing a wounded soldier to safety. Again, on the morning of September 27, he left shelter and journeyed over 500 yards to the side of a wounded comrade, through shell fare, carrying the victim to the first-aid station. HULTZEN, LEE S., First Lieutenant, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 26, 1919. Lcc iS'. Hultzen, first lieutenant, 311th Infantry. For extraordinry heroism in action near Vieville-en-Haye, France, September 26, 1918. After reaching his objective with a platoon of about 15 men, Lieutenant Hultzen organized his platoon and held it with three captured German machine guns. He cleaned out a "pill box" and attacked a dozen of the enemy with practically no assistance. IRONS, BENJAMIN G., Private 1st Class, Medical Detachment, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 78, 1919. Benjamin G. Irons (Army serial No. 2411507), private first class, Medical Detachment, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Vieville-en-Haye, France, September 25-26, 1918. Private Irons, with another soldier, advanced to an exposed position, and, while adminis- tering first aid to a wounded man, the three were suddenly surrounded and captured by a party of the enemy. While being taken toward the German lines. Private Irons and his companion at- tacked their captors and succeeding in freeing themselves, at the same time capturing two Germans, whom they brought to battalion headquarters, together with the wounded man. Home address: Eden B. Irons (father), Silverton, N. J. Winners of Decorations 203 JILLSON, HOWARD I).. Private, Co. F, S09th Infantry. W. D.-G. o. No. 126, 1918. Howard I). Jiltson, Private, ( lompany F, 309th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action in Hois de Hailbat, northeast of Jaulny, France, September 17, 1918. Although suffering from illness, he volunteered as runner, and repeatedly carried messages across heavily shelled areas, displaying the greatest courage and coolness. JOERGER, CARL F., Private, Co. M, 312th Infantry Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. H. 1919. Carl F. Joerger, private. Company M, 312th Infantry For extraordiuary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October '21. 1918. Leaving his dugout, Private Jnergcr voluntarily crawled across a machine-gun-swept area to the aid of two wounded comrades. While performing this heroic task he was seriously wounded. KANTZ. CLARENCE E., Sergeant. Co. K. 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. '20, 1919. Clarence E. Kantz, sergeant. Company K. 311th Infantry. For extraordiuary heroism in action near Grandpre. France, October 20. 1918. During an enemy counter-attack, Sergeant Ktuttz by his foresight saved the company on the right of his platoon by reinforcing that company's Hank. This action stopped the advance of several machine gunners, who were advancing through our lines at that point, but cost Sergeant Kantz his life KARG, HOWARD M . Sergeant, 1st Battalion, Intelligence Section, 309th Infantry. Awarded I). S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1019. Howard M. Karg, sergeant. Company A, 309th Infantry. For extraordiuary heroism in action. St. Jnvin. France, November 5. 1918. Under terrific enemy bombardment he carried a soldier who was overcome by gas for a distance of SO yards over a road exposed to the direct fire of enemy machine guns, snipers, anil shell lire to a place of safety. KARWOSK1. PAUL J., Sergeant, Co. M, 311th Infantry. W. D.-O. O. No. 35, 1919. Awarded D. S. C. Paul ./. Karwoski, sergeant. Company M. 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 28. 1918. Acting as a scout, he obtained valuable informa- tion as to the location of enemy positions, and. single-handed, attacked a machine-gun crew, killing one of the enemy and taking tin- remaining two prisoners. KINO. JAMES NORMAN, Chaplain. 310th Infantry. \w ibded !>■ s - C. W. D.-G. O. No. 127. [918. James Norman King, first lieutenant, chaplain. 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Thiaucourt, Franc.-. September 10, 1918. He gave proof of unhesitating devotion and energy far beyond all call of his duty as battalion chaplain. He was continually on the out- post lines searching for and burying the dead and circulating among the men in the trenches. During the entire period the line was subjected to extremely heavy shelling from the enemy, yet he allowed nothing to interfere with his having burial services for the dead that were brought to the burial ground located within the shelled area, lb- was sent to tin- rear, but he prevailed upon the surgeon tc allow him to return to the front and continue his work. LANGLKY. JOHN H . Private. Medical Detachment, Co. G, 311th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 27. 1919. Awarded D. S. C. John II. Laiiiiln/, private. Medical Detachment. 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Chevieres. France. October 21. 1018. He remained on duty continuously for four 204 History of the Seventy-eighth Division hours administering aid to wounded men under heavy shell fire. Finding that he could not properly work while wearing his gas mask, he removed it, though many gas shells were bursting in his vicinity. After being gassed, he continued to work for an hour until all the wounded were attended. LANIGHAN. MATTHEW S., Sergeant, Co. I, 309th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-Cx. O. No. 87, 1919. Matthew S. Lanighan (Army serial No. 1735646), sergeant. Company I, 309th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near St. Juvin, France, October 16, 1918. Although wounded, he refused to be evacuated and led his men with marked personal courage, capturing several enemy machine guns and prisoners. He was killed while organizing his platoon for a further advance Next of kin: Edward Lanighan (father). Market and Exchange Streeets, Lockport, N. Y. LAWLESS, JAMES B., Sergeant, Machine Gun Co.. 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. James B. Lawless, sergeant, Machine Gun Company, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Thiaucourt, France, September 22, 1918. During a raid, Sergeant Lawless bayoneted the men at two enemy machine guns which were firing upon our raiding party and put several others out of action with hand grenades. LAWRENCE, HULL F., Private, Co. K, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Hull F. Lawrence, private, Company K, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 23, 1918. While his company was seeking shelter from a con- tinuous rain of machine-gun bullets, Private Lawrence voluntarily carried messages from his company commander, who was lying wounded under enemy observation, to battalion head- quarters. He worked under heavy bombardment at all times, but showed remarkable courage and devotion to duty while thus engaged. LEHY, HOWARD C, Sergeant, Co. B, 311th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Awarded D. S. C. Howard C. Lehy, sergeant, Company B, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Bois de Grand Fontaine, France, September 26, 1918. After his patrol had disposed of two sniper posts with rifle grenades, he held his group in position and covered the withdrawal of his platoon from heavy enfilading machine-gun fire of the enemy. LEWIS, ROBERT D., Corporal, Co. M, 311th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Robert D. Lewis, corporal. Company M, 311th Infantry. For extraodinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 27, 1918. After his company had reached its objective, Corporal Lewis rendered valuable assistance in organizing positions on ground swept by enemy fire. Alone, he flanked a machine-gun position and captured two prisoners. While patroling between the out- posts he was wounded by machine-gun fire. LIGHT, LAVERN, Corporal, Co. E, 311th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 98, 1919. Lavern Light (Army serial No. 241780-1), corporal, Company E, 311th Infantry. For extra- ordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, November 1, 1918. While his company and two others were fighting to prevent being cut off and annihilated by the enemy, Corporal Light voluntarily crept out 10 yards in advance of the line and killed five of the enemy who were attempt- ing to execute an encircling movement with machine guns. Remaining in his exposed position with cool tenacity he contributed materially toward reducing the hostile forces and making possible a rush by his company. Home address: Purl Light, father, R. F. D. No. 2, Hartwich, N. Y. Winners of Decorations 205 LOOMIS, JOHN II., Corporal, Co. F, 311th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. John 11. Loomis, corporal. Company F, :!lltli Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France. October 28, 1918. Corporal Loomis volunteered to lead a three-man patrol on a reconnaissance of enemy positions. After one of his men had been wounded, he continued on with the other one and gained the information sought. Being wounded on the return trip by fire from machine guns, he was forced to remain under cover until night, when he located his other wounded man and returned under cover of darkness with valuable information. McCRUDDEN, JAMES F., Private, Co. M, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. James F. McCruddcn, private, Company M, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 20, 1918. Acting on his own initiative, after all runners had failed to deliver a message, Private McCrudden carried a message through an intense machine- gun fire for the captain of his company. Upon reaching the eompany he found that the captain had been killed and immediately returned through the same sweeping fire to report the fact. McCUNN, WALTER T., Private 1st Class, Medical Detachment, 303rd Engineers. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Walter T. McCunn, private first class, Medical Detachment, 303rd Engineers. For extra- ordinary heroism in action near Thiaucourt, France, September 29,1918. He was administering first aid to two wounded comrades in No Man's Land, under heavy shell fire, when an exploding shell killed both of the wounded and rendered him unconscious for more than an hour. 1 pon his recovery he remained at his post, administering treatment to others. McGUIRE, JAMES, Sergeant, Co. B, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. James McGuire, sergeant, Company B, 312th Infantry. F\>r extraordinary heroism in action near Talma Farm, France, October 23, 1918. Without regard for his own danger, Sergeant Metiuire went to the rescue of a wounded comrade who was lying seriously wounded 100 yards in front of our lines. He carried him safely to the aid station, crossing and recrossing an area swept by intense artillery and machine-gun fire, and under the direct observation of the enemy. McDONALD, GEORGE T., Corporal, Co. E, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 32, 1919. George T. McDonald, corporal, Company E, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, November 1, 1918. While accompanying a separated detachment, Corporal McDonald voluntarily entered a dense woods, infested with snipers and machine guns, to locate the main body of his company. The success of this mission enabled the lost detachment to occupy their positions with the company. During the entire action of his company Corporal McDonald was forever eager, in his capacity as runner, to assume the most hazardous risks to maintain liaison between units McINTYRE, DONALD, Second Lieutenant. Co. E, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Donald Roy Mclniyre, second lieutenant. Company E, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Thiaucourt, FVance, September 18, 1918. Seeing one of his men lying wounded in a shell hole in front of his main line, Lieutenant Mclniyre passed through an intense barrage to his aid. Having bandaged his wounds, be brought back his man to a place of safety. 206 History of the Seventy-eighth Division MANZI, NICHOLAS, Private, Medical Detachment, 309th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 126, 1!>1!>. Nicholas Manzi (Army serial No. 2414276), private, Medical Detachment, 1st Battalion, 309th Infantry, 78th Division. For extraordinary heroism in action near Jaulny, France, October 3, 1918. During a heavy bombardment of our front lines. Private Manzi went 50 yards in advance of our positions to an automatic-rifle post to dress the wounds of three of the crew. He then assisted the wounded men, one by one, to reach a place of safety. All this time the line was under steady machine-gun fire as well as bombardment. Home address: 31 Harlington Street, Franklin, Mass. MASLOSKY, JOHN, Private, Co. K, 311th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Awarded D. S. C. John Maslosky, private, Company K, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 26, 1918. He displyaed exemplary devotion to duty in attacking machine-gun nests without aid and capturing many prisoners. For several hours he worked in advance of the company, and, although believed to have been lost, he later returned, bringing with him many more prisoners. MFRRILL, JESSE HERBERT, Private, Co. E, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Jesse Herbert Merrill, private, Company E, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action in the Bois de Ronvaux, France, September 15-17, 1918. With the remark, "I can get through and find him," Private Merrill volunteered and carried a message from his regimental commander to the commander of an advance battalion through a fire that seemed inipassable. He returned with amazing promptness with an answer to the message. This soldier made several other trips on the same night, finding his way through a dark forest, actually walking on bodies of men who had fallen in the only path that could be used. SCHMIDT, FERDINAND A., Private, Co. B, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Ferdinand A. Schmidt, private, Company B, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Talma Farm, France, October 22, 1918. When his company's advance had been held up by intense machine-gun fire, he crawled through a barrage of hand grenades and at the point of his bayonet held 19 of the enemy in a dugout until assistance arrived. Before performing this courageous act he was slightly wounded. SCHOOLEY, HARRY T, Corporal, Co. L, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Harry T. Scliooley, corporal, Company L, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 25, 1918. After his platoon had fallen back under heavy shell fire, Corporal Schooley made a personal reconnaissance of an enemy machine-gun nest through a heavy barrage, killed one of the enemy gunners, and drove off the others with hand grenades, thereby enabling his platoon to resume its position. SCHROTH, RAYMOND A., First Sergeant, Co. E, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Raymond A. Schorth, first sergeant, Company E, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, November 1, 1918. He was directed to lead an attack against an enemy machine-gun nest which was impeding the progress of his company. Reaching a point Winners of Decorations 207 within 50 feet of the stronghold, he ordered an attack, and six Germans near the gun sought to surrender until they saw the strength of his force, now reduced through casualties to two ..r three men. The enemy was then reinforced by •.'() men and launched ■> severe counter-attack, which foreeil Sergeant Schroth to abandon his attack. After ordering his n ic. safety, he remained at his post alone, fighting against the superior forces until he drove a prisoner back to our line, at the point of his empty pistol. Despite his desire to provide safety for his patrol, he was the only survivor to return from the mission. SECOR, JOHN II.. Sergeant, Co. M, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 1 15, 11)1* John II N/vor. sergeant, Company M. 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near St. .luvin, France. October I(i. 191N. Having been painfully wounded in the foot, hi' remained with his platoon and went over the top with it in the advance near St. .luvin. He gallantly assisted his platoon commander in the attack until he was again wounded and rendered unable to id\ ance farther. His example of bravery and devotion to duty furnished an inspiring example to the other members of the platoon, many of whom were under lire for the lirst time. SAMPLE. FRANK J.. Private, Co. I, 310th Infantry Awarded D. S. C. \Y. D.-G. 0. No. 37, 1919. Frank ./. Sample, private, Company I, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France. November I. ltHS. Under heavy machine-gun lire. Private Smnplr, a battalion runner, volunteered to carry an important message to a detachment on the extreme Hank after seeing two runnels killed by machine-gun tire while endeavoring to deliver the same message. He was successful in his mission. SINF.R, KARL R., Private 1st Class. Co. (i. 310th Infantry. Awarded I). S. C. \V. D.-G. O. No. Hi), 1919. Earl It. Siner (Army serial No. 1756625), private first class, Company G, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action mar Thiaucourt, Frame-. September *.!<>. Pits. While his com- pany was on outpost duty Private Siner crawled out from a trench, under heavy enemy fire, to rescue a wounded comrade and was instantly killed by a bursting shell just as he had reached the wounded man. Next of kin: Joseph A. Siner, 19 Lyon Street. Pawtucket, R. I. SLATER, NORMAN (.. Private. Co. II. 312th Infantry. Awarded I). S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 70, 1919. Norman C. Slater (Army serial No. 2942033), private, Company II. 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France. October 17. litis. Although wounded by a shell fragment, he refused treatment, volunteering his services as a litter bearer for other wounded. Next day he accompanied his platoon in the attack. After heavy lighting for sunn- hours under Icrrilic machine-gun lire, a withdrawal was ordered. Private Slnhr remaining in ad- vance with an automatic ride squad to cover the withdrawal. Being one of the last to go back, he was killed by shell fire on his way to the new position. Home address, Mrs. Effie Ilinman mother), I! F. I). No. 1, Bainbridge, N. Y. SLOVER LUKE E., JR., Private 1st Class, Co. B, Sllth Infantry. Aw \udei) D. S. C. W. D.-G. <> No. --'?. 1919. I. iik, /-.'. Slovt r, Jr.. private first class, < ompany B. :J1 1th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Yieville-en-ILiye. France. September 24-25, PUS. On the night of September -24. Private Slover repeatedly carried messages between his company and battalion headquarters, through a heavy barrage He also lock the place of a wounded litter bearer and assisted in bringing in wounded under shell fire. He was later killed in action. 208 History of the Seventy -eighth Division SPATARO, DOMINICO, Private, Co. K, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Dominico Spataro, private, Company K, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 25-26, 1918. Private Spataro, with hand grenades, broke up an enemy machine-gun nest and took four prisoners without assistance. He voluntarily acted as stretcher bearer for a period of 2(5 hours, performing valiant services until severely wounded. STERN, HENRY R., First Lieutenant, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 2, 1920. First Lieutenant Henry R. Stern, Company H, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Vieville-en-Haye, France, September 20, 1918. | During an enemy attack on the posi- tion held by his platoon, after being severely wounded in the leg by a machine-gun bullet, he remained in a position subjected to heavy machine-gun fire, and refused to accept aid until after the attack had been repulsed. His deed greatly encouraged his men. TEMPLE. JOHN E., Private, Co. I, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 64, 1919. John E. Temple, private, Company I, 312th Infantry (Army serial No. 1736172). For extra- ordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 23, 1918. After his platoon had reached its objective and was forced to retire under perilous machine-gun fire, Private Temple and two companions were surrounded by the enemy. His companions were wounded, but he bravely held off the enemy, after which he assisted both his companions to a first-aid station. Home address, William H. Temple, father, Marshallton, Del. VOLK. JOSEPH W , Private, Co. B, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Joseph W. Volk, private, Company B, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 22, 1918. While engaged as runner, he carried messages to and from advanced positions, and, although wounded, continued through the whole afternoon before his wound was discovered. Even then he volunteered to carry an important message to the front lines. While directing his company commander and a number of wounded men through an intense barrage he successfully forded a river four times, showing during the entire operations an utter disregard of personal safety. WALDO, ANTONIO G., First Sergeant, Co. C, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 87, 1919. Antnoio G. Waldo (Army serial No. 1762180), first sergeant, Company C, 310th Infantry For extraordinary heroism in action near the Bois des Loges, France, November 1-4, 1918. Taking command of his company after all the officers had been wounded, Sergeant Waldo displayed exceptional courage and leadership in holding an advanced position throughout the night and leading his men in a successful advance next morning. On the three following days he directed the operations of his company against enemy machine guns and by skillful maneuvering of patrols succeeded in reducing the hostile resistance. Home address: Mrs. Evelyn M. Waldo (wife), 116 East Hickory Street, Canastota, N. Y. WALSH, RICHARD J., Lieutenant, Dental Corps, 303rd Engineers. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 44, 1919. Riehard J. Walsh, first lieutenant, Dental Corps, 303rd Engineers. For extraordinary heroism in action near Marcq, France, October 18, 1918. Voluntarily acting as battalion medical officer, Lieutenant Walsh, although severely gassed, administered first aid to injured men under heavy shell fire. He worked constantly until all the wounded were removed to places of safety. Winners of Decorations 209 WEBER, JOHN F., First Lieutenant, SI 1th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. John /■'. Weber, lir>t lieutenant, Medical Corps, .'tilth Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Vieville-en-IIaye. France, September 29, 11118; At Chevtieres, France, October 15, 1918. and at Grandpre, France, October '■.'.">, l!lls. On September 29 and the following days Lieu- tenant Weber remained at his aid station under shell and machine-gun Ere, giving medical aid and directing tbe evacuation of wounded. On October l."> he established an unprotected aid station, and though slightly gassed, he Continued to give Erst aid to the wounded and direct I heir evacua- tion. On October 25 lie left his battalion in support and continued to the town of Grandpre, where he established an aid station, beeping on with his wmk through heavy bombardment of the town. WELSH, HOWARD J„ Sergeant, Co. G, .'tilth Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-C. 0. No. 37, 1919. Edward J. Welsh, sergeant, Company I), .'illth Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 1!». ltd S. After having received seven machine-gun wc Hinds, he refused to go to the dressing station, remaining with his company and rendering valuable aid to both his platoon and company commander. WESCOTT, ALLEN P., Private, Troop C, 2nd Cavalry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 15, 1919. Allen P. Wescott, private, Troop (', 2nd Cavalry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Chevtieres, France, October 21, 1!US. Becoming separated from his own organization, he at- tached himself to an Infantry Company. While on a patrol he was wounded three times. After the party had been surrounded by German machine guns, he volunteered to carry a message to the company commander, wading across the Aire River in so doing. After guiding a platoon to the relief of the patrol, he again made several trips to and from the company post of command, crossing through the river waist deep five limes after being wounded. He was sent to the rear against his vigorous protests, and, after being tagged for evacuation, he gave further proof of his devotion to duty and unselfishness by helping carry another wounded soldier .'f miles on a stretcher. [210.52, A. G. 0.| WHITE. TRACY S., First Sergeant. Co. B, Sllth Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 81, 1919. Tracy S. White I \nm serial No. 2410793), Ersi sergeant, Company It, Sllth Infantry For extraordinary heroism in action near Ferine des Logos. France. October 19. 1918. When the position his company held was enfiladed and communication to the rear cut off, he volunteered to carry a message to the battalion commander after several runners had been killed in the attempt. Crossing ground swept by intense machine-gun and artillery fire, he delivered the message and returned with orders as to the disposition of the company. Home address, Mrs. Tracy S. White (wife), 110 Broadway, Long Branch, N. .1. WHITE. WALTER I).. Private, Co. B, 309th [nfantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 78 1919. Walter I). Whiti (Army serial No. 1T50790I, private. Company B. 309th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near the Hois des Logos. France, November 1, 1918. While acting as runner. Private While volunteered to carry a message across a long stretch of open country which, was subjected to heavy machine-gun ami artillery lire. He successfully crossed the space and delivered his message, but in an attempt to return ho was killed by a rain of machine-gun bullets. Hi,; conduct served as :hi inspiration to other runners. Next of kin: Mis. Carrie L. White (mother), Byron, N. Y. 210 History of the Seventy -eighth Division WHITEHEAD, LEWIS E., Sergeant, Medical Corps, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Lewis E. Whitehead, sergeant, Medical Corps, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism iD action near St. Juvin, France, October 16, 1918. Sergeant Whitehead, then corporal, after giving first aid to his platoon leader, who had been wounded, took command of the platoon and led it in an attack in the face of concentrated enemy artillery and macine-gun fire, reaching the objective and effectively protecting the exposed flank of the assaulting battalion with his two guns. WHITEMAN, RALPH A., Sergeant, Co. D, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 98, 1919. Ralph A. Whiteman (Army serial No. 1773801), sergeant, Company D, 312th Infantry. For, extraordinary heroism in action at Grandpre, France, October 18, 1918. When his detachment had become disorganized by sniper and machine-gun fire, Sergeant Whiteman, without regard for personal danger, reorganized his command, and by his gallant example led his men against the enemy machine-gun position, capturing it and bringing the gun back to our lines. Home address: Horace S. Whiteman, Clearfleld, Pa. WOOLSCHLAGER, JOHN F., First Lieutenant, Co. A, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-Staff Memo. Feb. 24, 1920. "For extraordinary heroism in action northwest of Grandpre, France, October 18, 1918. In the attack of morning of October 18, Lieutenant Woolschlager was severely wounded, both legs being broken. He nevertheless retained command of his platoon and that of an adjoining platoon. Throughout the day, exposed to heavy machine-gun and artillery fire, he encouraged and directed his men. [Due to his efforts, the position, gained at great cost, was held against enemy attacks." ZAVODSKY, JOHN, Sergeant, Co. D, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 26, 1919. John Zavodsky, sergeant, Company D, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Vieville-en-Haye, France, September 26, 1918. Although he was wounded, he remained with his company until its objective was reached before seeking first-aid treatment. DISTINGUISHED SERVICE NEDALS McRAE. JAMES H., Major General, 78th Division. Awarded D. S. M. W. D.-G. O. No. 12, 1919. Major General James H. MeRae. United States Army. For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services. He commanded with great credit the Seventy-eighth Division in the Argonne-Meuse offensive and had an important part in that operation which forced the enemy to abandon Grandpre. In this and other campaigns his personal influence on the result obtained showed a rich quality of military leadership. STANBERRY, SANFORD B., Brigadier General, 155th Infantry Brigade Awarded D. S. M. W. D.-G. O. No. 89, 1919. Sanford B. Stanberry, brigadier general, Infantry, United States Army. For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services. Having taken command of the 155th Infantry Brigade prior to the attack of November 1, he proved himself a forceful and capable military leader. With the tactical situation thoroughly in hand, by his zeal and good judgment he contributed to the brilliant results attained during the severe fighting in the advance toward Sedan in the final phase of the Meuse-Argonne offensive. g as o CO o 212 History of the Seventy-eighth Division MORGAN, JOHN M., Colonel, 309th Infantry. Awarded D. S. M. W. D.-G. O. No. 89, 1919. John M. Morgan, colonel, Infantry, United States Army. For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services. As commanding officer of the 309th Infantry during the last two months of hostilities he displayed marked qualities of leadership and unflagging energy. By the skillful manner in which he conducted his regiment during the advance through the Bois de Loges in the first part of November he contributed materially to the successes of his division in its operations in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. BABCOCK, WALTER C, Colonel, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. M. W. D.-G. O. No. 87, 1919. Walter C. Babcock colonel, Infantry, United States Army. For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services. In command of the 310th Infantry he displayed marked ability alike in its organiztion and training and iu the field. In offensive operations against the enemy he led his command with exceptional judgment and tactical ability, showing himself always possessed of a full grasp of the situation and its needs, and keeping his higher commanders at all times in- formed of the conditions as he learned them by personal reconnaissance. He was untiring in energy and devotion to the important tasks assigned him, acting unhesitatingly and successfully in times of emergency. FOREIGN DECORATIONS ADAMS, JAMES S., Private 1st Class. 310th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "A soldier of an admirable courage while under violent machine gun fire did not hesitate, though being on open ground, to give first aid to a wounded officer and bring him back to shelter." ALDRIDGE, JOSEPH S., Jr., 2114730, Private, Co. B, 311th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "Soldier of an admirable courage. From September 24th to 26th, 1918, carried rapidly and under a violent barrage fire messages between his company and Staff of the battalion. He also took the place of a wounded stretcher-bearer and accomplished this service under a heavy bom- bardment." BUDD, ARTHUR D., Lieutenant Colonel, 311th Infantry. Awarded Italian Commander of the Crown of Italy. Awarded Italian War Cross. (No citation for either). Awarded Greek Military Medal (3rd class). Awarded Greek War Cross (no citation). Awarded Montenegrin Order of Danilo I (no citation). Awarded Roumanian Order of the Crown (Commander) (no citation). Awarded Serbian Order of the White Eagle (Commander) (no citation). Awarded Panamaian La Solidaridad (no citation). Awarded French Legion of Honor (Chevalier). Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Palm. French citation as follows: "His regiment being subject to a very violent bombardment on a newly conquered position, he went in person from one end of the position to the other for the purpose of re-establishing order in his unit and taking all measures with a view to warding off an enemy counter attack." Winners of Decorations 21:5 BURNS, HAROLD \V.. Second Lieutenant, 308th Artillery. Awarded French Legion <>f Honor and French Croix de Guerre with two Palms- "During the morning of October 23, 1!)1S, he displayed devotion and energy during the offen- sive operations in the l!"is Bossois, near Brabant-sur-Meuse. On exposed terrain, he went from gun to gun of his section in order to encourage his men under direct machine gun fire and fire of German 77s. Was gassed, hut refused to he taken to the rear, retained the command of his platoon until the action was completed. Helped to care for the wounded and after that was carried to tin' rear." ( WIPBELL, ALEXANDER, Sergeant, Co. I, 309th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gii.t Star. "Non-commissioned officer endowed of most extraordinary courage. Severely wounded in an observation post together with 2 other soldiers. Transported them to a dugout and rejoined, under barrage fire, his company and asked that stretcher-hearers be sent to get his comrades.'" CASTLEMAN, LAWRENCE A., 2940920, Private, Co. K, 311th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Gtjerre with Gilt Star. "A soldier very courageous. The rest of his company having been obliged to evacuate the position, he remained at his post and by his precise fire stopped the enemy advance, contributing to the recapturing of the abandoned position." CONKLIN, MATTHEW E., Second Lieutenant. 310th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with (Jilt Star. "An officer of remarkable courage. Was wounded while he led his company forward and refused to be evacuated before a good position for his unit was found." CONOVER, HOWARD R., Private, 312th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "Very courageous soldier. In action near Grandpre, France, October 20, 1918, although painfully wounded in the hand, he went to the assistance of a wounded comrade who was lying helpless in an exposed position. He carried him from the front, a distance of 400 yards, on his hack, and when forced to relinquish his burden because of exhaustion, he informed and led stretcher- hearers, thus saving the life of his comrade." DE ROGATIS. ELBERT, Private, Co. M, 309th Infantry. Awarded French Medaili.e Mii.itaire and Freni ii Crois de Guerre with Palm. "He particularly distinguished himself in battle. When his company was held back by a heavy machine gun fire, of his own accord he made his way to a place behind an enemy machine gun position, killing one German and capturing 7 others as well as '1 machine guns." DELOTO, PETER, Sergeant, Co. K, 811th Infantry. Awarded French Medaille Militaire and French Croix de Gtjerre with Palm. "Non-commissioned officer of remarkable courage. During the attack he took 8 prisoners unaided, and then he contributed in tin' capture of 10 others Seeing his company held in check by machine-gun fire, he weut out alone and captured the gun He was wounded in the leg during this battle." DUFFY. FRANCIS A., Private (2414057) 310th Infantry. Awarded French Crotx de Guerre with Gilt Star. "A soldier of great devotion, he remained in the first lines under a violent artillery fire, giving first aid to 40 wounded. During the advance of his company, he marched immediately behind the first wave." 214 History of the Seventy-eighth Division FOGG, PRESTON D., Lieutenant, Co. E, 309th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "An officer of splendid gallantry, commanding his company at the attack of Champigneulle, on October 16, 1918, although himself wounded, he carried another wounded officer to shelter." FAHEY, JOSEPH H., Sergeant, 311th Infantry, Co. B. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "A non-commissioned officer of great courage, he made three attempts to silence a number of machine guns which were impeding the advance of his section. Wounded during the action." FAZLER, ROBERT, 1751332, Private, 312th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "A very courageous soldier. After having carried a message to the headquarters of his bat- talion, passing through the principal street of Grandpre, strongly bombarded, he went to the aid of a comrade under enemy fire, and without thought of danger gave him first aid and carried him to a safer place." GALLAGHER, CORNELIUS E., Sergeant, No. 2411781, 309th Machine Gun Battalion, Co. C. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "Very courageous non-commissioned officer, though being wounded in the shoulder stayed at his post for six hours, encouraging the soldiers of his section to drive back the counter-attack. Left the lines only under direct orders." GUMBS, ESRIC C, 2450352, Private, Co. E, 310th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "A soldier of splendid courage, as battalion runner, by his courage, he aided in the advance of his battalion, not hesitating to cross rapidly through cannon and machine-gun fire in order to carry messages from one company to the other." HARGRAVE, THOMAS J., Captain, Co. C, 309th Machine Gun Battalion. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Stab. "Most courageous officer. On October 26th, in spite of a violent artillery fire and machine gun fire, came back from a reconnaissance with valuable information which enabled him to counter- attack with success." HUFF, CHESTER RAY, Private, Medical Detachment, 310th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "Soldier of an admirable courage, did not hesitate to search over distance of 400 meter under a heavy fire for the purpose of finding and bringing back a wounded soldier." HULTZEN, LEE S., First Lieutenant, 311th Infantry. Awarded French Legion of Honor (Chevalier) and French Croix de Guerre with Palm. "A courageous officer. September 26, 1918, after attaining his objective with a unit composed of about 15 men, he held it with 3 machine guns; he also, without help, cleared a machine gun nest and attacked a group of 12 enemies." IRONS, BENJAMIN G., Corporal, 311th Infantry, Medical Corps. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "On September 26, 1918, while administering first aid to a wounded soldier in company with another soldier, he and his comrades were taken prisoners by the enemy. While they were being led to the rear, he succeeded in freeing himself together with his two comrades and in returning to our lines brought back two prisoners." Winners of Decorations 215 JILLSON, HOWARD D., Private, Co. F, 309th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "A soldier of splendid courage. As liaison agent of the battalion, although ill, he carried messages under an intense artillery fire." McDONALD, GEORGK C, 1762843, Corporal, Sllth Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "Very courageous soldier, On November 1, 1918, being pait of a detachment instructed to find the larger portion of his company Corporal McDonald voluntarily penetrated into dense woods filled with machine guns. The knowledge obtained permitted the lost detachment to find its company. Throughout this action. Corporal McDonald held himself always ready as runner to assure the most perilous liaisons." McGUIRE, JAMES, 1750405, Sergeant, 312th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "A very courageous non-commissioned officer. Without thought of danger he went to the rescue of a severely wounded comrade lying in front of the lines. He carried him to the dressing station, passing and re-passing a place swept by bombardments and direct enemy machine gun fire." McRAE, JAMES HENRY, Major General, Commanding 78th Division. Awarded British Order of toe Bath (Companion). "In recognition of meritorious services rendered the Allied cause." Awarded French Legion of Honor (Commandeuh) and French Croix de Guerre with Palm. "Commanding Officer of the 78th Division, which in the course of the Argonne-Meuse offen- sive participated brilliantly in the operations which forced the enemy to abandon Grandpre, thanks to the energy and ability of its commander." Awarded Panamaiam La Solidaridad (2nd Class) (no citation). MERRITT, HARRY P., Sergeant, 1752148, 312th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "A very courageous non-commissioned officer. After having established an observation post in broad daylight and under severe bombardment he volunteered to carry rations to the post. Knocked down by a shell, he recovered himself and succeeded in reaching all those who could not leave their post, despite machine-gun fire and enemy bombardment." MILLS, EMERY W., Second Lieuteant, Co. K, 311th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "An officer of admirable courage. In command of a section, he attacked an enemy machine gun nest, and advancing alone, captured two machine guns. During the consolidation of the line he went along the entire line under violent firing, encouraging his men and setting them an example of the greatest coolness." MANZI, NICHOLAS, Private, 2414276, Medical Detachment, 309th Infantry. Awarded Italian War Cross. (No citation). Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "Soldier of an admirable courage, during a bombardment went 40 meters forward of our first entrenchments to give first aid to three wounded soldiers and to help them to get under shelter. 216 History of the Seventy-eighth Division O'CONNOR, HARRY GROVER, 2414680, Sergeant, Headquarters Detachment (Personnel Office). Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "A very courageous non-commissioned officer. He voluntarily assured the liaison between the Division and P. C. of a regiment on the line. While performing his duty he was seriously wounded by a shell which struck two of his comrades. He gave them water, rendered first aid and sent a soldier for the stretcher bearers. After having been dressed he gave account of his mission." SCHROTH, RAYMOND A.. 1746136, 1st Sergeant, Co. E, 311th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "A non-commissioned officer of great courage. His section being designated to take a nest of machine guns captured six Germans. On account of reinforcements by the enemy they were obliged to retire. All of his men having been put out of combat, he continued the fire alone, completing well, his mission. " SEMPLE, FRANK J., Private, 2941349, Co. I, 310th Infantry. Awarded French Medaille Militaire and French Croix de Guerre with Palm. "He particularly distinguished himself by his bravery during the course of a combat. He volunteered of his own accord to carry an important message, in spite of a violent machine gun barrage, to a detachment situated at the extreme flank, after two liaison agents who had en- deavored to carry the same message and had been killed. He accomplished his mission with suc- cess." SPATARO DOMINICA, Private, 1736380, Co. K, 311th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "Soldier of an admirable courage, destroyed with hand grenades a nest of machine guns, and captured 4 prisoners. Served voluntarily as stretcher-bearer during 26 hours until he was severely wounded." SCHMIDT, FERDINAND A., Corporal, Co. B, 312th Infantry. Awarded French Medaille Militaire and French Croix de Guerre with Palm. "Particularly distinguished himself by his bravery in battle. When the advance of his com- pany was checked by an intense machine-gun fire, he crawled under a barrage of hand grenades and held 9 soldiers of the enemy in a shelter at the point of his bayonet until reinforcements arrived. Before doing this brilliant feat of arms, he was slightly wounded." WEBER, JOHN F., Lieutenant, 311th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre wiTn Gilt Star. "A very courageous officer. On September 29, and the days following, he remained at his post under a violent artillery and machine gun fire, caring for and evacuating the wounded. On October 15, 1918, he established a temporary dressing station and, although seriously wounded by gas, he continued to care for the wounded. On October 25, 1918, he left his battalion and went to Grandpre to establish a dressing station, where he worked in spite of the violent bom- barding of the city." WHITEHEAD, LEWIS E., 1764979, Corporal (now Sergeant), Machine Gun Company, 310th Infantry. Awarded French Croix de Guerre with Gilt Star. "Corporal of great courage. The chief of his section having been wounded, he took command of the section and succeeded in attaining the objective under a violent fire of artillery and machine guns." Winners of Decorations -.'1? MKRRITT, HARRY P., Sergeant, Co. I. S12th Infantry. Aw vuiiKii 1). S. C. W !).-(.. o. No. H. 1919. flurry P. Merrill, sergeant, Company I. 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, November I. Wis. After having established an observation post without aid in broad daylight and under perilous shell lire of the enemy be volunteered and carried rations to the post under cover of darkness. Though knocked down by shell concussion. lie reached every man who was unable to leave bis post, and his entire exploit was carried out under most harassing machine-gun and artillery fire. MILLS, EDWIN S., Private, Co. D, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. Ui. 1919. Edwin S. Mills, private. Company I). 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October -2.'i. 191S. While acting as a runner, he volunteered and carried messages through several heavy barrages and under direct enemy fire, always accomplishing his mission. MILLS. EMERY W., Second Lieutenant. Co. K, Sllth Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 37, 1919. Emery W. Mills, second lieutenant, :il 1th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October S25, 191S. Lieutenant Mills asked permission to lead a platoon against strong enemy machine-gun nests which wen' blocking the advance of the battalion. He not only led his platoon in a daring and extraordinary successful attack, but personally advanced ahead of his platoon and captured two machine guns. During the consolidation of the line he fearlessly walked up and down the line under intense machine-gun and artillery fire, establishing strong points aud encouraging his men. MIX, RALPH B., Private, Co. F. 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Ralph II. Mix, private, Company F, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action at Orandpre, October 17, 1918. While carrying a message through heavy shell and machine-gun tire to an advanced platoon, he found two wounded men, whose injuries he dressed. Upon returning from his mission, he asked for and received permission to take food to the wounded men. He subsequently made two trips through intense fire, carrying them back to shelter. MOSKOWITZ, HERMAN. Private. Co. C, S12th Infantry. Aw uu)Ki) D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 133, 1919. Herman Moskowitz (Army serial No. 241 1791 I, private, lir-t class. Company C, 312th Infantry, 78th Division. For extraordinary hcrosim in action near Talma Hill, France. October 17-21, 1918. As a runner he displayed exceptional courage and devction to duty in frequently volun- teering and carrying messages through dangerous zones in addition to his regular duties. Though lame as the result of an accident, lie carried a number of messages through a heavy barrage until he was severely wounded by a bursting shell. Residl nee: 336 Pennington Avenue, Passaic. N. J. O'CONNOR, HARRY GROVER, Sergeant, Headquarters Detachment. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. :S7, 1919. Harry Grover O'Connor, sergeant. Headquarters Detachment, 78th Division. For extra- ordinary heroism in action near St. Juvin, France, October 1.5, 1918. He volunteered and went from his division headquarters to one of the regiments in line to obtain much, needed information and to arrange for liaison. He covered the distance "f t: kilometers through shell lire three times before the unit was found, and, while returning with the information, was seriously wounded by a shell, which mortally wounded two companions. Ih' gave water and first aid to the two men and dragged himself down the road until he met a soldier, whom he sent for an ambulance. After reaching the hospital and having his wounds dressed, he left the hospital without the knowledge of the attendants and delivered the information to his division headquarters in person. 218 History of the Seventy-eighth Division OGLE, JR., EDWARD W., Private, Co. H, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Edward W. Ogle, Jr., private. Company H, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 18, 1918. Acting upon his own initiative, Private Ogle, on three different occasions, risked his life by going in front of his lines and assisting the wounded comrades to a place of safety. OROURKE, JAMES H., Private, Co. D, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 26, 1919. James II. O'Rourle, private. Company D, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Vieville-en-Haye, France, September 26, 1918. After being twice wounded he captured two prisoners and took them to the battalion headquarters. PIAZZA. JOHN L., Sergeant, Co. 3, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. No. 35, 1919. John L. Piazza, sergeant, Company C, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Talma Farm, France, October 17th 1918. During the operations of October 17 he went through a heavy machine-gun and artillery fire to carry a wounded private of his platoon from an exposed position to a place of safety. A short time after he carried a wounded officer of his company across an open space of 80 yards and a stream, subjected to machine-gun and sniper's fire, to a place where he could be removed by stretcher bearers. PIAZZANI, JULIUS A., Corporal, Co. F. 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. Julius A. Piazzani, corporal, Company F, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Bois des Loges, France, October 19, 1918. When machine-gun fire had held up the advance of his company, and all had entrenched themselves in places of safety, Corporal Piazzani noticed a wounded man about 250 yards in front of the line. Voluntarily and without hesitation he went to the side of the wounded man and rendered first aid. Upon his return he advised the stretcher-bearers, enabling them to safely bring this man in. thereby saving his life. QUIRI, ROBERT, Sergeant, Co. F, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Robert Quiri, sergeant. Company F, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Thiaucourt, France, September 18, 1918. Leading a patrol under heavy fire, he was able to protect an unprotected portion of his line until the next unit could take it over. He was at all times an inspiration to his men, continually exposing himself to danger, while assuring their safety and comfort. After having his legs blown off and receiving other wounds, he gave all necessary information to his successor before allowing himself to be carried away. He died soon after reach- ing the dressing station. RAINES, LESTER, Private, Co. C, 309th Machine Gun Battalion. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. Lester Raines, private. Company C, 309th Machine Gun Battalion. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpr , France, October 29, to November 2, 1918. During the five days of operations he worked without hesitation carrying messages through constant shell fire and acting as guide for ration parties, his information at all times proving most valuable and accurate. RESSEGUIE, HAROLD D., Captain, 311th Infantry. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. Awarded D. S. C. Harold D. Resseguie, captain. 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, November 1, 1918. Although his wrist was shattered and he was suffering from Winners of Decorations 219 severe machine-gun wounds, he continued to direct operations for several hours, refusing to be evacuated until all the other wounded had received attention. After reaching the dressing station, although suffering intense pain, he gave full tactical information to his successor. ROBBINS, CHARLES A.. 1st Sergeant. Co. D, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. 0. No. 37, 1919. Charles A. Robbins, lirat sergeant, Company D, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Bois de Grande Fontaine, France, September 26, 1918. Although severely wounded, he continued to advance with the company until the objective was reached, and then returned to the rear only when ordered to do so by his commanding officer. He then assisted in the removal of the wounded to a dressing station. ROBERGE, JOSEPH H., Private, Headquarters Company, 309th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. Joseph H. Roherge, private. Headquarters Company. 309th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near St. Juvin, F>ance, October 18, 1918. He displayed remarkable courage in laying and repairing a telephone line under such intense artillery and machine-gun fire that the line was ultimately abandoned. He was later killed in action. ROCKWOOD. RICHARD B., Second Lieutenant, 310th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 74, 1919. Richard B. Rockwood, second lieutenant, 310th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Thiaucourt, France, September 26, 1918. Intrusted with an important message from the brigade commander to an infantry unit, he fearlessly crossed a shell-swept area, delivered the message, and, while returning with reply, was mortally wounded by a shell fragment. With great effort, notwithstanding his wound, he delivered the reply to the message and fell unconscious, dying shortly after. Next of kin. Mrs. W. F,. Rockwood (mother), VVurtsboro, N. Y. ROSENBERGER, GEORGE V., Private 1st Class, Medical Detachment, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 44, 1919. George V. Rosenberger, private first class, Medical Detachment, 311th Infantry. For extra- ordinary heroism in action near Vicville-en-Haye, France, September 25-26, 1918. Private Rosen- berger, with another soldier, had advanced to an exposed position, and then were administering first aid to a wounded man, when suddenly surrounded and captured by a party of the enemy. While being taken toward the German lines, Private Rosenberger and his companion attacked their captors and succeeded in freeing themselves, at the same time capturing two Germans, whom they brought to battalion headquarters, together with the wounded man. ROWLEY, JOSEPH C, Sergeant, Co. H, 311th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Joseph C. Rowley, sergeant, Company M, 311th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France, October 25, 1918. Assisting his company commander in organizing positions and liaison, he showed great bravery and devotion to duty. Although wounded in the first combat with the enemy, he continued with his work, declining to be evacuated. While pat roll- ling between outposts he was killed. RISCHMANN, EDWARD. Private, 312th Infantry. Awarded D. S. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 37, 1919. Edward Rischmann, private. Company I, 312th Infantry. For extraordinary heroism in action near Grandpre, France. October 23, 1918. He was a member of an assaulting party which stormed and captured the citadel at Grandpre. He scaled the wall and alone entered a dugout, from which he captured 45 Germans, guarding them until assistance arrived. a 13 a a! 3 < *-> 00 r> a> K \ J3 *-" o H :J| « 01 1 1 a '■*. ' S Winners of Decorations 9,91 SANTARSIERO, GUISEPPE, Private. Co. M, 311th Infantry. A»i i.li s. C. W. D.-G. O. No. 35, 1919. (hiiscpp, SunlarxiiTo, private, Company M, lilltli Infantry. For extraordinary licroism in action near Grandpre, France, October '20, 1918. lie rushed ahead of his compnny, single-handed, flanked a machine-gun nest, which was causing losses to his company, killing the gunners HONOR ROLL OFFICERS Key — K, Killed in Action; W, Died'of wounds; A.D., Death by Accident; D, Disease. Name. Bachman, John A. Beale, Walker B. Bull, Clarence J. Bosey, C. B. Collins, Orlando B., Jr. Connolly, Daniel M. Dedereb, Elsworth Dimick, Karl E. Donohde, Walter E. Doolittle, Gilbert Dudenhoefer, Joseph E. Gibbons, Edward Gibbs, Harold A. Groesbeck, Herbert, Jr. Hagar, Luther A. Hughes, Clifford E. Jones, Walter S. Kearney, Paul T. King, Emil Knapp, James C. Kreamer, Wilbur C. Kummer, Harry H. Lahey, William S. Markwick, Robert W. Newell, James McC. O'Brien, Donat G. O'Connor, Edward F. Phelps, John C. Platt, Lawrence H. RlHELDAFFER, WlLLIAM A. Rockwood, Richard H. Ross, Harold G. Schuyler, Ray A. Scruggs, S. J. Sherwood, Robert A. Vail, Herrman H. White, W. March. Rank. Organization. Date of Death Key, 2nd Lt. A-308th M. G. Bn. 10/26/18 K. Capt. I-310th Infantry 9/18/18 W. 1st Lt. H— 309th Infantry 10/17/18 K. 2nd Lt. Div. Hq. 11/ 1/18 K 1st Lt. L— 309th Infantry 10/16/18 K. 2nd Lt. A-312th Infantry 10/18/18 K. 1st Lt. E-311th Infantry 10/27/18 K. 2nd Lt. F-309th Infantry 9/18/18 (?) W. Capt. K-310th Infantry 11/ 1/18 (?) W. 1st Lt. B- 303rd Engineers 10/25/18 K. Capt. MD-309th Infantry 9/17/18 K. 1st Lt. A-311th Infantry 11/ 1/18 K. 1st Lt. B-311th Infantry 11/ 4/18 K. 1st Lt. A-309th M. G. Bn. 11/ 1/18 K. Capt. 3-303rd F. S. Bn. 10/ 1/18 D Capt. HQ-312th Infantry 10/24/18 W. 1st Lt. G-312th Infantry 9/26/18 K. 2nd Lt. M. G.- 31 1th Infantry 10/ 3/18 K. 1st Lt. M. C.-310th F. H. 9/12/18 A. D 1st Lt. D-312th Infantry 10/24/18 K. 1st Lt. Vet. Det., 307th F. A. 2/26/19 D. 2nd Lt. M-309th Infantry 10/16/18 K. 1st Lt. B-311th Infantry 10/31/18 W. Capt. L-311th Infantry 10/25/18 K. 2nd Lt. G-311th Infantry 10/19/18 K. 2nd Lt. C-312th Infantry 9/21/18 K. 1st Lt. A-SlOth Infantry 10/17/18 K. Capt. A- 309th Infantry 10/18/18 K. Capt. E-309th Infantry 9/17/18 K. 1st Lt. HQ-155th Inf. Brig. 10/21/18 W. 2nd Lt. HQ-310th Infantry 9/28/18 W. Capt. M. G.- 309th Infantry 9/17/18 K. 1st Lt. B-311th Infantry 9/28/18 K. 2nd Lt. C-310th Infantry 10/21/18 W. 1st Lt. M. D.-310th Infantry 9/17/18 K. Capt. M-312th Infantry 10/26/18 K 1st Lt. M. C.-312th Infantry 11/ 3/18 K. ENLISTED MEN Name Rank Organization Date of Death Key Alberts, Clarence J. P. MG-309th Inf. 11/18/18 W. Alvater, Clayton C. P. MG- " « 9/23/18 K. Amey, Earl B. P. E - " a 9/18/18 K. Anderson, Vern A. P.1C. C - " a 9/30/18 A.D. Apicella, Carmine P. F - " " 9/18/18 A.D. Appelen, Ernest P. B - " a 10/19/18 K. Arnold, Alfred L. 1st Sgt. K - " a 9/25/18 K. Bagg, Burton D. P. A -309th Inf. 10/10/18 K. Bakas, Kostas P.1C. H - " a 10/18/18 K. Barry, Bernard B. p. E - " a 10/17/18 K. Bauer, Edwin H. Sgt. D - " u 10/20/18 K. Berman, Benjamin P.1C. D - " u 10/ 4/18 W. Binder, Edward p. L - " u 10/16/18 K. Blase, Louis B.S.M. HQ- " " 9/17/18 K. Bombard, Leander A. p. B - " u 10/20/18 K. Bonadies. Nick p. L - " u 10/17/18 W. // onor Roll 223 Same. Rank. Organization. Date of Death. Key. Bousquet, Alfred H. P. MG- SOOth Inf. 0/17/18 K Breen, Fred J. P. M - " " 10/16/18 K Brennan, Thomas P. H " " 0/26/18 K Brennan, William F. P. L « " 11/ 1/18 W. Brewer, Clinton D. P. G " It 0/17/18 K. Brink, Frank H. P.lC. M " " 0/17/18 K. Briody, Cornelius J. P. I u " 11/ 1/18 K. Brodekuk, John J. P. L U tt 10/16/18 K. Bhophy, Richard V. Cpl. MG- u u 0/23/18 K. Brown, Walter P. I " It 11/ 1/18 K. Bui nell, Alba F. P. B " tt 11/ 1/18 W. Bruno, Concezio Cpl. M - " u 11/ 1/18 W. Bua, Nicola p. M - u u 10/16/18 K Buchner, Andrew V p. L a u 11/ 1/18 W. Buhdick, Glen L. Sgt. M " u 10/16/18 W. Hi 11 eh, John A. p. M - " " 11/ 1/18 W. Cadmus, Theodore P.lC. I -SOOth Inf. 10/16/18 K. Caouette, George p. G " a 10/20/18 K Caporusso, Luigi p. H " u 10/17/18 W. Carpenter, Samuel A. Cpl. E Ii u 11/ 1/18 K. Carr, Frank P. p. E " u 10/ 2/18 K. ( AURA, JoHN P.lC. C " " 10/ 3/18 W Carriera, Ralph p. E a " 10/17/18 w. Carter, Austin P. p. HQ- tt a 0/17/18 K. Catane, Marc p. L u it 10/16/18 K. Cayton, Leo p. L " tt 11/ 1/18 W. ( erino, William V. Cpl. H u u 11/ 3/18 K < ii tNDLER, Joel L. p. L " " 10/16/18 K Chialias, Louis p. L " u 11/ 1/18 K. Cisseo, Joseph p. I it It 10/16/18 K. Claessens, Charles P.lC B It " 10/18/18 W. Clancy, Howard Cpl. C " it 10/10/18 w Clay, Arthur R. Sgt. L H " 10/16/18 K Cline, Raymond P.lC. E - " (I 0/18/18 K Clynes, John J. P.lC. I tt " 10/16/18 K. Coda, Oreste p. I " " 10/16/18 K. Collins. John I. P.lC. A " N 10/20/18 K Comas, Kostas p. A tt " 11/ 1 IS W Comer, John- p. L a a 0/27/18 K. Condon, Timothy P.lC. M - u " 10/16/18 K Conley, David J. Cpl. HQ " " 0/17/18 K. Conners, Joseph Cpl. HQ It " 0/17/18 K. Connolly, Patrick A. p. D u It 10/10/18 K. Connors, Timothy K. p. C " " 10/20/18 K. Copperstein, Harry p. C •• " 10/20/18 K. Coscio, Lodovoco p. 1 " " 11/ 1/18 K. Costanzi, Angelo BgltT K It " 10/ 4 18 K. Coughlin, Edward A. p. L " " 10/18/18 K. Cowell, William p. HQ- " It 0/17/18 K. Crosby, John J. p. K - It It 10/16/18 K. Cuozzo, Guiseppe p. L " tt 0/20/18 K. Currie, Arthur W. p. I " u 10/26/18 K. Danielson, Daniel p. L -1 J09th Ii 10/16/18 W. Dawson, George A. p. E " " 0/18/18 K. Dawson, John J. llr.Shr. HQ- " " 10/ 4/18 W. Derby, Samuel L. Cpl. E " u 10/17/18 K. D'Esposito, Aniello p. K " " 0/18/18 K. 1)i Grjegario, Luigi IV A It " 10/20/18 K. Disimorne, Fiordinando P. It tt U 10/10/18 K. Dolan, Bernard L. Cpl. I " tt 10/16/18 K. Dolan, Hugh F. p. L tt .. 10/16/18 K Domemck, Louis Cpl. I It It 10/16/18 K. Donnelly, Stephen E. p (' .. It in 2/18 K. Donokrio, Anthony N. p. I u It 10 17/18 K. Donzelli, Armando P.lC. M II .. in .v. is W Ducas, Bernard A. p. L It it 11 1/18 K Eastman, Wesley M. p M - It tt 10/18/18 K. Epstein. Morris p. E u it in Hi is K. 224 History of the Seventy-eighth Division Name. Rank. Organization. Date of Death. Key. Fawcett, William D. P. E -309th Inf. 9/23/18 W. FlCKENSCHER. EDGAR E. Cpl. C _ it " 10/18/18 K. Flaherty, Frank L. P. K _ 11 tt 10/ 3/18 K. Flanagan, Joseph P. P M _ (1 " 10/16/18 K Flanders, Alfred S. P. D - " " 11/ 1/18 W. Freeman, Frank P. E - " ft 10/17/18 K. Freudenberg, Louis J. P. M - " " 10/16/18 K. Frey, Frank W. P. D - " tl 8/22/18 AD Front, Michael P. G - " u 10/17/18 K. Giele, Francis J. P. M -309th Inf. 10/16/18 K. Gilbridge, Patrick L. Sgt. K - " U 10/16/18 K. Gildea, Patrick J. p. K - " " 9/28/18 K. Gordon, Edward Sgt. K - " (1 9/30/18 W. Gossler, Henry p. K - " (1 11/ 1/18 W. Goyer, Josaphat O. p. K - " u 10/16/18 K. Graves, Clifford T. p. I _ (i It 10/26/18 K. Gregoire, Arthur p. K - " It 11/ 1/18 W. Hall, Arthuu W. p. L -309th L 1/ 3/19 S.W. Hand, Joseph P. Cpl. B - " " 11/ 1/18 w. Harbolic, John J. p. C _ u tt 10/19/18 w. Harmeb, George p. M - " tt 9/18/18 w. Hassotis, Efthathios P.1C. G _ u it 11/ 1/18 K. Hatt, Fay E. p. K - " " 11/ 1/18 W. Hawk, Jr., George W. P.1C. G - " " 9/18/18 K. Haynie, Lewis A. — HQ - " a 11/ 1/18 K. Hebner, Jay D. p. MG _ a ti 9/17/18 K. Heil, William J. p. K __ a it 10/16/18 W. Heins, Herbert G. p. MG ,- " a 9/24/18 W. Henighen, James B. Cpl. E - " " 10/17/18 K. Hens, Nobert F. Sgt. H - " " 10/17/18 K. Hill, Charles H. p. G - " ii 7/24/18 A.D Hobbs, Herbert J. Sgt. K _ ti tt 10/ 3/18 K. Hockwg, William J. p. I - " ti 11/ 1/18 W. Hooper, Dob S. p. K _ it ii 11/ 1/18 K. Horbacz, Bronislaw p. L - " " 11/ 1/18 W. Hotalen, Peter S. p. B - " tt 10/20/18 K. Houle, Napoleon P.1C. B - " u 11/ 5/18 K. Hummer, Frank p. I _ it u 9/24/18 W Jackacki, Edward p. I - 309th Ir 9/28/18 K. Janes, Johazel p. B _ it tt 10/20/18 K. JOLLETT, EDMOND P. p. E - " " 10/17/18 K. Kane, Thomas J. p. I -309th Inf. 10/16/18 K. Karg, Howard M. Sgt. A _ U " 11/ 5/18 K. Kelash, Frank PIC. C - " " 11/ 1/18 L. Kelly, Edward J. Sgt. L _ U " 10/16/18 K. Kelsey, Ralph H. p. MG tt 10/16/18 K. King, Charles N. p. L _ a " 11/ 1/18 K. Klatzkin, Arthur A. p. M - " u 9/16/18 K. Klein, Charles J. p. M - " it 10/16/18 K. Kline, Harry L. p. HQ _ u u 9/17/18 K. Koslap. John G. p. M __ ti " 10/16/18 K. Kuchenbiesser, William p. L __ tt ti 10/16/18 K. Kushnekti, Otto p. E _ U tt 10/17/18 K. L'Abbate, Vitantonio p I -309th Inf. 9/28/18 K. Lacklin, Jesse B. Sgt. E - a " 10/17/18 K. Lambert, Charles E. Sgt. E _ u It 11/ 2/18 W. Lanighan. Matthew S. Sgt. I __ u " 10/16/18 K. Lavalieh, William J. p. H - u II 10/17/18 K. Lear, Clarence E. p. B ~ " It 10/20/18 K. Levers, Fhed J. p. E - " tt 10/17/18 K. LlTTELL, MAtlTIN W. Sgt. H - " M 10/17/18 K. Long, Gustav W. Sgt. K - " tt 10/ 3/18 K Looker, Horace R. p. MG i_ U 11 9/17/18 K. Lucas, Edward A. p. F _ ti It 9/26/18 K. Luce, David V. p. E __ a II 11/ 3/18 W. Lundstrom, Charlie p. E _ it tt 10/17/18 K. Lynch, Joseph A. p. L _ it " 11/ 1/18 K. McKinney, Ansel G. P.lC. F -309th Inf. 10/16/18 K. McMeekan, Arthur W. p. G - " it 9/18/18 K. Honor Roll 225 Name. Rani. Organization. Dot, of Death. Key. Manmiller, Frank <■. Sgt. 1) :SO!)tli Inf. Ill III IS K Marbton, Jesse H. P. L " " in :; is W. Marona, George P. E " " !l IS IS K. Martini, Antonio P. I " u Id Hi is K MazzocCA, Joseph P. M - " " in 16 is Is Melius, Peter M. P. MG " u III Hi IS \V. Meskill, Daniel J. P. Ml) " u 'J ;:, IS K Metzgek, George H. Cpl. M " a III Hi is K. Miller, .Inns B. P.lC. I " " 11 12 is W. Moberg, Charles H. Cpl. M " " 11 IIS W Moeller, Benjamin p. G " u 11 1 is K. Mokelke, Frank R. P.1C. MG- « " III Hi IS K. Movi'MINY, VALERE p. G " " 111 Hi IS K. Morris, Raymond T. p. G " U '.1 IS IS K Morrison, George H. Cpl. E " " HI ^.' IS K Mot nt, Harry B. Cpl. I " " !l '21 is K Murray, John D. i'. E " a III -^ IS K Mi rhay. John T. p. I) •• a !l -,'S IS K Myers, Edward J. p. G " " II lis K. Nagy, Ali P.1C. i* 109th Inf. 11 1 is K Naudin, Charles p. I " " Hi 17 is K. Naiztto, Philip p. 1! •• " 111 in is K. Nelson, \rtiuh Sgt. G " " '.< 1? IS K. Nixon, George P. Cpl. G " a HI '.'!> IS K. Oaklet, John R. IMC. Ii 809th Inf. HI HI IS K O'Neill, Robert Sgt. M " " III HI IS K. Orhaker. Kenneth K. P.1C. HQ " " 111 19 IS K Osapio, Giovanni p. 1. " " Hi Hi IS K Osbehg, GrsT. A. P.1C. 1) " " II 1 IS Is Pancoast, Charles F., Jr. IMC. M lllllltli Inf. HI HI IS K Patalano, Vincent p. L " (i 11 1 IS W. Patrick, Stephen Cpl, L •• u III Hi IS K. Pearson, Elmer \Y. IMC. L " " 11 7 IS W. Pei.tz, Leo C. P n I n " HI Hi IS K Pehkotti. Annirale P. G " " III -W IS K. Peskin, William P.l.C E " " 111 17 IS k Petroccaro, Angello P. L (( a !l -.'II is k Phillips, Walter J. Cpl. E " " 11 -.'IS W. Pierce, Louis A. p. C " " 111 IS IS W. PlERSON, Benjamin II. p. G " " III '.'II is K. PlHLMAN, Fred R. IMC. M .. " 1(1 Hi is k Piper, Orrjn B P. G " " III 17 is k. I'lyi.eh. George E. Cpl. K " u 11 1 IS W. Provost, Andrew J. Cpl. G " u 11 (i is w. RaMAGNANO, John A. p. G 309th Inf. 111 IS IS w. Kasi'as, Merle W. Cpl. H " " 11 1 IS w. Renehan, Michael G. P.1C. L " .. 111 III Is k. Rentsih, George P. Cpl. F •• u 11 1 IS K. Riedel, Chris. p l( \ .. U in 17 is k Roberge, Joseph H. p. HQ - " U 10/2S is k. Rodgers, Cornelius J. 1st Sgt. K u " 111 :l IS k. Rodolfa, Antonio p. HQ a " in .il/lH k Rogers, John W. p. L u " HI Hi IS k Romas, Chrst A. p. F " " 11 1 is k. Rooney, Alfred B. Cpl. 1. " " Hi III IS k. 3ai nders, John Cpl. D lilllltli Inf. 111 'ill IS k ScaMANTZALIS, John IMC. I - " " II -.'7 is k Si ii m'fer. Charles S. p. Ml) .. " 1(1 1(1 IS K. Si HELHORN, John p. Ml. '• " II 17 is k Schlagenhaft, James J. Cpl. I) " 11 11 1 IS K Schucker, William p. MG " " 111 Hi is k Sebesta, James J. Cpl. C u " 111 *(l IS U Seikert, Oswald IMC. F " " in Hi is k Senson, William J. P. 1 .. " 1' .'.". is w. Sn w i.ik, John P. \ u u 11 1 IS w. SHOBEN, Israel ./', of Death. Key. !l t!l IK K 1(1 -.'!! Ill K. 10 Jll IS K 10/1K IS K !l -.'-.' IS K 11 *:; is \\ 10 i'.l IS K 11/ I IS K 9/1S is K 1(1 •id IS K III II, IS K !l ii IS K. 9/21 IS K 9/17/18 K 10/16/18 k 9/21/18 K 10/20/18 W. 11/ 1/18 w. II i\ is K 10/20/18 K II 1 is W. in i:. IS K iii u; is K 10 *i is w. 10 29 is K. !l i.' IS K 10 21 is W. 11 1 IS K. 10 20 is K 10 Hi/18 K s 24/18 K 11/ S IS K. 11/ 1/18 K. 10 17/18 K. 10/27 IS W. 9/18/18 K 10 20 IS K. 10 20 IS K. 10/ 2/18 K. ii 80 is K 11 10/18 K II 1 IS K I) 17 is K !i 17 IS k. Hi 26 is K 10 1!) IS K. 11 1 IS K 10/2208 K II 20'18 W. 9/22/18 K :i 26/18 W. 10/20/18 K. 9/20/18 K 10/20/18 K 10/17/18 K II 16/18 K II 20 is K II 111 is K. ii o is W. 10 20 is K n 18/18 K 10 IS IS K 10 20 is K Hi 17 is W. in 20 is K o 26 is \\. II is is K. II 22 is K. in 20 is K. 228 History of the Seventy-eighth Division Name. Rank. Organizi ition. Date of Death. Key. Duggan, John P.1C. A -310th Inf. 10/22/18 K. Dultz, Louis PIC. G - " " 9/28/18 W. Dunn, Ira C. P. L - " " 10/15/18 K. Earl, John V. P.1C. M -310th Inf 9/30/18 K. Efros, Sam p. I - " li- 11/ 1/18 K. Fanello, Nicola p. E -SlOth Inf. 9/17/18 K. Farley, Henry W. Cpl. K - " ft 10/16/18 K. Fay, Philip J. PIC. A - " " 9/22/18 K. Ferrarese, John p. L - " " 9/19/19 K. Fessenden, Fay F. Cpl. M _ u u 9/22/18 K. Fitzgibbon, Michael Cpl. C - " " 9/19/18 K. Flanagan, John G. p. M - " " 10/17/18 K. Foley, John A. IMC L - " (1 11/ 5/18 W. Franchi, Eugene A. P. C - " " 10/17/18 W. Francis, Wesley P. HQ - " (( 11/ 2/18 K Frazzoli, Rocco P. A - " " 9/22/18 K. Fronczak, Frank P. M _ 11 li 10/17/18 K. Germond, Alfred T. P. H -sioth : 10/20/18 K. GlQUERE, DONAT J. P.1C. M - " " 9/22/18 K. Giosi. Antonio p. I - " (( 11/ 1/18 K. Goodman, Louis Cpl. M - " " 10/19/18 K. Gorczynski, John p. E 11 " 9/22/18 K. Grella, Angelo p. D - " " 11/ 1/18 (?) W. Grover, Walter P.1C. L _ u a 10/16/18 K. Gryp, Andre p. C - " " 10/20/18 K. Gudinas. John p. L - " " 10/15/18 K. Gugleman, Frederick J. p. MG- u 9/17/18 K. Gurgel, William C. p. H _ u " 9/28/18 K. Hadley, Lloyd Sgt. D -310th Inf. 9/30/18 K. Haley, Michael J. p. E _ u " 9/17/18 K. Halladay, Henry F. Sgt. A u (1 10/18/18 K. Harrigan, Lawrence p. K - " " 9/22/18 K. Hartnett, William E. S R t. HQ __ 11 " 9/16/18 K. Harz, John A. P. MG _ 11 " 9/22/18 K. Hassanfratz, William, Jr. P.1C. M u " 9/17/18 K Helmuth, FFrederick P. Cpl. C __ li " 9/22/18 W. Herbert. William Cpl. H - " u 11/ 3/18 K. Hermanson, Herman I. p. M - " " 10/22/18 W. Hery, Edward C. p. M _ u 11 9/21/18 K. Hill, Robert M. p. B - " " 10/20/18 K. Hinkley, Joseph p. L - " 11 9/27/18 W. Hirshfeld Louis I. p. D - " ft 9/21/18 K. Hitchcock, Craig W. p. B _ u " 11/ 1/18 K. Hockey, Ralph W. P.lC. L - " 11 11/ 1/18 K. Hopkins, Harvey P. L - " " 10/26/18 K. Horswell, Raymond A. PIC. B - " 11 9/27/18 K. Hourihan, John K. p. L - " 11 9/22/18 K. Houston, Sheldon C. Cpl. H - " It 11/ 3/18 K. Humiston, Andrew E. Mech. I _ If " 11/ 1/18 K. Jagnow, William F. IMC. C -310th 9/22/18 K Johnson, David L. IMC B - " " 10/18/18 K. Johnson, Hilding G. IMC. I _ u " 11/ 4/18 K. Johnson, John E. P. L _ a " 9/16/18 K. Johnston, Harold F. P B _ a " 9/18/18 W. Kammerer, Otto P.1C. F - -310th Inf. 9/18/18 K. Kanka, Joseph P. K _ u " 11/ 1/18 K. Karkut, Emil P. K _ it 11 10/24/18 K. Kaslowitz, Harry IMC. D - " " 9/21/18 K Kavanagh, Thomas J. Cpl. I - " 11 11/ 1/18 K. Keahns, Martin F. P.1C. F - " 11 9/18/18 K. Keller, John Sgt. M - " 11 9/22/18 K. Kellogg. Clark M. Bglr. K _ 11 " 11/ 1/18 K. Kelly , Edward M. Cpl. HQ - " * 9/21/18 K. Kennedy. Joseph B. P. D _ u " 10/20/18 K. Klindt, Julius Sgt. 1 _ it " 11 1/18 K. Klippert, Ronald A. PIC. A - " 11 9/30/18 K. Kloepping, Alfred J. p. A _ (1 » 9/25/18 K. Kohlmetz, Burrell R. p. H - " 11 10/28/18 W. Honor Roll ^><) Nairn Rank. Organization. l>„i, of Death. Key. Khaki , John II Cpl. (• 310th Inf Ki 19 is k. Khkhs, Ciiaki.es W. Mech. M - " ii :iii is K Khinskkv, Alex. P. A " III 1 IS K. km si:. Frank G. P. A _ « !l .':, IS K Ki enzel, Walter W. C,,l. K 111 I.", IS K. 1. iemmel, Mich iel 1'. IV A 310th Inf. ii ■■!.-, is K LaForge, Thai) H. 1" 1 ID 1(1 IS K. Landon, Richard G. Cpl. 1 " 11 1 IS K. Lang, George p. K .. 11 I is k Lariviere, Lttcien Bglr. I - " in ;:i is K. LaRoche, Wilfred P. I) it III is IS K Larson, Norman P. I _ ii 10/111 is K. Lefebvre. Eugene T. 1'. It ii III -ill/lK W. Lehnen, John H. P. HQ _ u II 111/ IS K. Leibold, Owen 1'. L - " 1(1 -.'II is K Leppeh, William 11., Jh. F. D _ ii III 20 is k Lepple, William C. P. I - " III 11) is K I.i sni it, Joseph P. D - " III '.'II IS k. l.i \ wdoske, Frank J. 1'. G - " II -.'(1 is k. Lewis John P. F - " u 11 1 is K. Livingston, John R. Cpl. L - " " 10 I? IS K. Loeffler, JosEpn J. P.lC. k ti U 'i 23 is K. I khoff, John H. P. M - " it 10/26 is k Low, Clarence W. P.lC. M .. " 9/2.'l IS W. Luber, Michael J. p. K - " it 10/1(1 is k. Lundberg, Rudolph p. F _ « u II IS IS k Lynch, Thomas J. P.lC. H - " u II 1? IS k Lyons, Thomas p. II ti " Ml .'II IS k. Macecski, Joseph p. K -310th li 11/ 1/18 K. McCool, Patrick J. p. k - " a II 1 IS K. McGovEHN, James J. Cpl. I - " " 11/ 1/18 k. McGi ike, Michael J. Cpl. M _ „ u 9/2'.' is k McKenna, Edward J. P. F - " a II IS is K. Maggard, Henry l'. M ii a 11 17/18 k. Malatesta, Galtano P. D - " it 9/21 is (?) W. Mariotte, Alfred R. s«i G - " u II 111 is (?) W. Mecchiarelli, Bernardo P.lC. A _ « tl in is is k. Megrdichian, Enovk P.lC. E - " a II '.»'.' IS K. Mkelotta, Nicola F. II _ ii u 11 11 IS W Miller, Carl 0. Cpl. k - " it 10 HI IS K. Mn. l. eh, Frederick S. Cpl. 15 - •• u 11 .". IS W Mtnore, Joseph p. It _ ii u !i :;o is \v MOLANDRINO, Ll IG1 P.lC. 1 - " U 11 -2-.' IS k. MORIETTI, S.ANTI p. F - " .. 10 20 is k. Moshier, George W. Cpl. L - " " 11 26 is k Mote, Mn hael J. p. H - " « Hi 20 is k Miller, Michael I'M D - " a in 20 is k Mulligan, George A p. I. - " u l) 22 is k Merino, Andrea V. 1' E _ ti .. 11 1? IS K. Murphy, James H. F. I - " " 10 16 is k Murphy, John P.lC. G - " " I) 1? IS k Xawrocky, Frank L. P.lC. 1) -310th Inf. 10 'ill is k. Niles. Granville S Cpl. C - " " 11 1 is k Norton, Herbert B. Cpl I - " n 11 1 is k \ i GENT, Francis O. Cpl. F __ ii " III 'ill is k. O'Connell, James W. p. M -310th Inf. 10 17 is k Oil ATI. An'EI.LO F. P.lC. E _ U " II IS IS k. Padulo, Sa\ 1 RIO p. C 310th Inf. 1(1 -»0 is k Parcells, Fred P. p. m - " « 11 1 IS \\ PendLEBURY, James IV F. M .. " 11 i-i IS K Perone, Mh hael P. D - U a II 'il is - W Petrucci, Salvatore P I _ it .. '1 IS IS k Pohl, Reinhold E. P. G - " " in -ill/ 18 k Puci i. Andrea P. B _ u a 10 21/18 k Quinn, Albert L. Cpl. Ml, ::iot i In/. 10/ 3/18 k QniRI, Robert Sgl F _ U " 9/1S IS k Rabenstein, George H. Cpl D -310th Ir 10/20/18 k Ransom, Raymond R. p. A _ a " n 2i is k 230 History of the Seventy-eighth Division Name. Rank. Organic aiion. Date 0/ Death. Key. Rappaport, Abraham Cpl. I -310th Inf 10/16/18 K. Reagan, Cornelius R. P.1C. K - ' " 11/ 1/18 K. Render, John H. P.1C. G _ 1 ft 9/20/18 K. Richardson, Irving J. Sgt. C - ' " 10/18/18 K. Rieker, Charles L. P.lC A - ' " 9/17/18 K. Riley, Frank L. p. A _ 1 ft 9/17/18 K. Riley, Ralph R. Sgt. I -310tl 10/16/18 K. Robertson, Albert C. p. D - ' " 11/ 5/18 W. Robinson, George J. p. B - ' ft 11/ 1/18 K. Rogers, Leslie B. PIC. G - ' " 11/ 1/18 W. Rosell, Charles L. p. B _ 1 it 7/10/18 AD Russo, Vincent p. B _ 11 « 9/27/18 K. Saniter, Fred W. Cpl. D -310th Inf. 11/ 1/18 K. Sarlo, William p. C - ' " 11/ 1/18 W. Schaller, Theodore L. p. E _ < ft 11/ 1/18 K. Schmitzer, William A. p. H _ " " 9/27/18 K. Schroeder, George J. p. D - ' ' " 10/18/18 K. Senft, Julius T. p. F _ 1 « 11/ 1/18 K. Shager, Theodore Cpl. F - ' " 10/20/18 K Shanaberg, Charles E. p. G - < a 9/28/18 K. Shapiro, Herman A. P.1C. K - t 11 11/ 1/18 K. Shapiro, Max. p. I - 1 11 11/ 1/18 K. Shine, Alfred J. P.1C. E _ < ft 10/22/18 K. Sicilia, Louis p. D - 1 » 10/20/18 K. Sickenberger, Frank p.ie. L - ' " 11/ 4/18 W. Siegelbaum, Hyman p. A - ' " 9/30/18 K. Simmons, Albert J. p. D _ i it 10/20/18 K. Simonovitz, Alexander P.1C. K - * 1, 10/16/18 K. Siner, Earl R. P.lC. G - ' " 9/19/18 K. Skrebtienko, John P.1C. L _ t «t 11/ 1/18 K. Smith, Edward p. D _ 1 11 10/ 2/18 K. Smith, George H. PIC. H _ 1 ft 9/17/18 K. Smith, Harold C. PIC. M _ 1 a 11/ 1/18 K. Smith, Henry P. Cpl. HQ ' " 7/ 9/18 (?) K. Smith, Walden F. p. A - ' " 10/18/18 K Smith, Warren N. p. K - ( (( 9/21/18 K. Snell, Stephen P.1C. C _ 1 11 10/20/18 K. Snell, Thomas p. MG- 1 ft 1/31/19 AD Splett, Bbnnie Cpl. B - ' " 10/20/18 K. Stadtmiller. Irving A. p. K - < ft 9/24/18 K. Stancarone, Pasquale p. D - ' " 9/22/18 K. Stevens, Walter L. p. D - ( ft 11/ 5/18 W. Straffi, Adolfo P.lC. F - f ft 10/20/18 K. Streimer, James R. p. B - 1 " 9/26/18 W. Suydam. Charlton R. P.lC. H - ' " 10/20/18 K. Suznowski, Alexander P. I • i ft 11/ 1/18 K. Swititsky, Abraham PIC. K - l u 9/23/18 K. Taber, Walter M. Cpl. L -310th Inf. 10/17/18 K. Thbis, Gustave W. P.1C. G - 1 ft 10/18/18 W. Thune, Louis Cpl. G - ' " 9/19/18 K. Torti, Nicola p. K - t ft 9/23/18 K. Tripp, Albion R. P.1C. M - i ft 11/ 1/18 K. Truccano, Joseph P. F - ' " 9/19/18 K. Tunilo, Alex. p. C - I ft 10/20/18 K. Tuttle. Jeptha J. P.lC. I - ' " 10/ 4/18 K USZENSKI, STANISLAW p. K -310th Inf. 9/26/18 K. Vanderzell, Michael P.1C. B -310th Inf. 10/20/18 K. Van Fleet, Paul p. HQ — ft ft ft ft 9/21/18 K. Van Harren, Henry T. p. L - 1 ft 11/ 1/18 K. Walsh, Albert J. P.1C. G -310th Inf. 9/19/18 K Warner. Clayton L. IMC E - ( ft * 10/22/18 K. Weinshutz, William Sgt. C - ' " 11/ 4/18 K. Wetzler, Irving P. M ' " 10/17/18 K. White, Stephen S. p. M - ' " 9/30/18 K Wienar, Benjamin PIC. M - ' " 11/ 1/18 W. Willard, William F. Cpl. K - 1 ft 10/22/18 W Witzel, Chrystal Cpl. B - 1 ft 10/20/18 K. Woehr, Otto p. M - i ft 9/22/18 K. Nam '. Wolf, Alexander C. Wolf, Alfred Woodruff, Thomas H. Yahn, Fred C. Yahamchuk. ,Ioh\ Youmans, Elbert Zimmerman, Edward G. Zook, Samuel A Apicelli, Joseph Arcuri, Carmine Asman, Frederick G. Augustine, Joseph P. Bai.dasahe, Silvio Ball, Willard H., Jr. Barnabei, Louis Barnes, Joseph I' Barnhardt, Edward Barry, Edward W. Beck, Charles W. Beczkowski, Steve H. Belden, Samuel A. Berrtman, Roy B. Bismar, Vincent J. Blaszkiewk z. Leo Bossert, Allen H. Bostel, Prank L. Bradley Robert M. Bragilio, Dominico Brenner, Isadore Broeker, Ewald. Jr. Brounshidle, Milton J. Buchanan, David S. Buettner, George H. Buffa, Joseph Bugmann, Daniel W. Burchell, Harold E. Burke. John F, Burnett. Albert M. Butler. William G. Cahill, James E. Cali, Manfredo Campiono, Francisco Cantu, Peter E. Carroll, Vincent 0. Chapman, Harry J. Chase, George H. Christensen, Marinus C. Christiansen, James Clark, Salter S., Jr. CoLAKCCfllONI, RaFFAELE Cole, H. L. Conk, Joseph M. Conlin, James R. Connelly, William J < <>N nolly. Harry J. Conw \y. Michael F. Couch, Marshall A. Crandall, Jerry Czesnulewicz, John Dakin, Richard E. Damiano, Sam. Davies. David E. Deleski, Stanley Dermody, Edward F. Dexter, William C. DiBenedette, Donato Didley', Anthony DiPalma, Pietro Honor Roll Rank. Organization. IMC. E 310th Inf. Cpl. H - . " « Cpl F ■ " " p. I - 310th Inf. IMC. H - " " IMC. L " « P. A 310th Inf F. A " « Cpl. B 311th Inf. IMC. B « ii Cpl. I " " Cpl. I " " p. G 311th Ir p. E - " •> p. L " « p. HQ- " ii p. L ii « p. I it ii p. L ii ii Cpl. D " » p. H - ii " p. L - ■ ii Cpl. D - ii it p. H - ii « Sgt. MG- it " p. C " « p D ii " p. F " " p. L " ii p. HQ- it ii p. M - " it p. E I. " p. D - it « P.1C. M - " it p. G " " p. B " ii P.1C. B » " P. I " « P.1C. B " « P. B -: 111th Inf. p. E it « p. C ii « p. B - " « p. L " ii PIC. MG- ii ii PIC. I - it « p. MG- " « Cpl. D ii ii P IC A " ii p. H " " p. B " ii P.1C. MI) ii it p. MG- it ii p. A - " ii p. E ■ « ii Cpl. G " ii P.1C. A ii ii P. L " ii p. II " ii p. MD-311tli Inf. p. A " ii p. D " ii PIC. B - ii ii p. A - " " p. F - " ii p. A " •< Sgt. HQ- " " P.1C. A - " " 231 Sate of Death. Key. 10/19/18 K. 10/19/18 W. 10/20/18 K. 9/27/18 K. 11 3 18 K. 9/2* is K. 11/ 1/18 K. 11/ 1 18 K. 9/26/18 K. 9/20 18 K. 10/26/18 K. 10/25/18 K. in 17/18 K. III 17/18 K 10/26/18 K. 9/26/18 K. 10/28/18 K. 10/28/18 K 10/26/18 K. 10/19/18 K. 10/18/18 K. 10/26/18 W. 9/24/18 K. 10/22/18 K. 10/ 3/18 K. 10/22 is K. 9/24/18 K 10/17/18 K. 10/23/18 K. 10/21 18 K 9/28/18 K. 10/18/18 K. 9/24/18 K. 11 (i is W. 11/ 1 is K 11 i IS W. 9/28/18 w. in 26/18 w. 11 t 18 K. 9/26 is K. 111 IS IS K. 10/20/18 K. 11 4/18 K. Hi 26 is K. 10 .". IS K. 10 '„>.-. 18 K. 10 3 18 K. 111 10 IS K. 11 1 IS K ll 1/18 (?) K in 20 is K. 9 29 is K. 10/ 8 is K 11/ 1/18 K. 9/22 18 K. 11 1 is K 11 1/18 K. 10 28 is K 11 1 is All in 28 is K. 9 24 is K. '.) ii is K. III -.'II is K in 19 is K 10 17 is K 9 24 IS K. III .'ill 18 K. 11 1 18 K. 232 History of the Seventy-eighth Division Name. Rani,: Organization. Date of Death. Key. Dollard, Joseph P. P. B -311th Inf. 10/20/18 K. Donnelly, Frank I. Cpl. G _ (( H 10/17/18 K. Dorscheid, Norbert B. P. MG- " (( 9/22/18 W. Dow, John L. P. A - " (( 11/ 1/18 K. Drcmm, Robert I. P.1C. K - " U 10/27/18 K. Duggan, John F. Cpl. E - " " 10/18/18 W. Effingham, Harry p. B - " It 9/26/18 K. Egan, John B. p. D _ (( (( 10/24/18 W. Ellison, William J. p. B _ tl (f 11/ 4/18 W. Erickson, Carl A. p. B - " " 11/ 1/18 W. Erlandson, Gustaf F. P.1C. B _ a a 11/ 4/18 K. Ervin, Anthony Y. p. E _ u it 10/18/18 K. Farhy, Lester E. Mccli . B -311th Inf. 10/ 1/18 W. Filkins, Frank P. G _ (( a 11/ 1/18 K. Foss, Harry A. P.1C. D - " " 10/20/18 K Franzblau, Edward W. 1st. Sgt. D - " U 10/16/18 K Friedel, Michael P. M _ « a 10/26/18 K Gallagher, Frank Cpl. K •311th ] 11/ 1/18 K Gallagher, Thomas P. Cpl. L - " u 10/26/18 K Gartecki, Julian F.s Cpl. A _ u u 10/20/18 K. Gaskill, Eldridge K. Mecli. I _ H « 10/26/18 W. Gauvin John B. P.1C. MD- " 10/24/18 W. Gebhahd, Joseph A. P. MG- (( 10/ 3/18 K. Gernand, Charles A. P. H U « 10/17/18 K. Gernold, August J. P. K - " " 10/28/18 K. Gianetta, Joseph P. HQ _ u a 9/24/18 W. Gies, Walter E. s K i. G - " u 11/ 1/18 K. Gober, Frank J. P. C _ (( u 9/26/18 K. Golos, Philip P. I u U 10/20/18 K. Grady, William Jr. P. L - " « 10/26/18 K. Grecg, Nicholas A. P. G - " a 11/ 1/18 K. Hansenbergeh. John G. P.lC. B -311th Inf. 9/26/18 K. Hardies, William A. P. B - " u 10/30/18 K. Harkins, Hiram J. P.1C. M - " li 10/30/18 K. Harris, Russell S. p. L - " " 10/26/18 K. Hart, Israel R. Mech. E « u 10/26/18 K. Hibbard, Curtis T. P. D - " " 10/19/18 K. High, Jesse A. P. MD- (( 11/ 2/18 W. HlLDEBRAND, GEORGE J. P. D - " " 10/19/18 K. Hoi eh, Benjamin K. Cpl. M _ a " 10/27/18 K. Hoffman, Chester E. P. M _ tt " 10/25/18 W. HOGLUND, GUSTAF E. P. I - " U 11/ 1/18 K. Holler, Harry R. P. C __ u u 10/22/18 K. Holum, Almer G. P.lC. A - " " 11/ 1/18 K. Humbert, Louis A. p. L _ u a 10/23/18 K. Hyslip, Edward Cpl. A - " u 10/30/18 K. Irvin, John Cpl. M -311th Inf. 11/ 6/18 W. Jackson, Peter p. A -31 1th Inf. 11/ 1/18 K. Johnson, Andrew J. p. M _ ft a 10/27/18 K. Johnson, Oscar R. p. M _ (( u 10/25/18 K. Jordano, Frank p. K _ U u 10/31/18 W Kaczmarek, Frank J. p. C -311th Inf. 10/16/18 K Kantz, Clarence E. Sgt. K _ a u 10/27/18 K. Kazimir, Stephen G. p. K __ u tt 10/24/18 K. Kellogg, John W. Cpl. M u u 10/25/18 K. Kelly, John F. p. C - " u 10/16/18 K. Kelly, Michael A. p. A - " It 10/30/18 W. Kenna, Joseph M. p. I _ u " 10/25/18 W. Kiernan, Frederick N. p. E _ u " 10/18/18 K. Kindt, Edward W. p. B - " It 9/24/18 K. Klaiber, Christ J. Cpl. H it u 9/20/18 K. Koegel, William p. B - " " 9/26/18 K. Koehler, Herman G. p. u tt 10/30/18 K. Kramer, Isaac p. I _ U " 10/26/18 K. Kropidlowski, Peter W. p. B _ U It 10/20/18 K. Kuczkowski, Alexandre p. B - " ([ 9/28/18 W. Kuiinke, Adolph F p. G - " (( 10/17/18 K. Kurtzhai.s, Charles p. K __ 11 U 11/ 1/18 K. // onor Hull 233 Nam* . KuSNETZ, JOSEPB Laird, Clarence Lani \stfu, Grove J. Lande, Kleng M. Langstaff, John I' Larson, William T. L\l RENCELL, Harry J. I.I V < II. Wll.LARD J. I.i vdbetter, ( ' mil \Y. Leiiy, Howard C. Leitzke, Edward A. Leon irdis, Tommaso Lindner, Oscar J. Lombardo, Joseph I bt, Edmund Lubs. Frederick W. Lykes, James B. McClelland, George B. Macedo, Joseph E. McGo\ brn, •! WIES P. Mi 'Kinsthy, William M UHGAN, \l GUSTUS I). Maestri, William Maggio, Giuseppe Maier, George m ikowiecki, boleslau Martin, James I'. Martin, Richard T. Marui \, Vincent M ISKE, Loi IS A. Matthews, James Meyers, Edward J. C. MEZZI, A I HELII) Miron, Samuel D. Mm hell. Daniel J. Modrok, Richard II. MoNSEES, Edward Moritz, Jacob G. M i \nv, Arthur F. Murray, Daniel .1. Murray, Peter Mi scillo, Pasquale Neary, Thomas F Neill, William It. Newhy, Wili.ard Newell, Clendenon S N'n holas, Irving J. Niespodziany, Kaiser Nigra, Michael Nomeland, Jim J. Norris, George O'Brien, James A. O'Brien, Michael J. O'Hara, William F. Olivetti, Blaze L. Ongstead, Henry T. Palmer, Frank N. Parker, Robert L Passalaq.ua, Joseph A Patalino, Dominic Pawlak, Stanislaus Peake, Herman- Perkins. Walter Perrine. William D. Perry, Spencer B. Petersen, Ingvor Peterson, Nels Phillips, Richard J. Rank. Organ zation. Date of Death. Key P.1C. \ 211th itf 11/ 1/18 K. Sgt. E Sllth Inf. 11 1 IS,'- W Sgt. MG " " 10/ ,'i is K. P.1C. 1 .. .. 9/30 is K (pi. K .. u 10/^7 is K Cpl. M " " 111 17 is W p. It i. M !> -il is K. Meoh. G .. .. 'l .".I IS K Cpl. K " U 11 1 IS K Sgt. It " " 1(1 17 is K. p. It i< (1 1(1 :S1 IS W. p. (' n .. Ki 20/18 K P.1C. 1 « " 1(1 20 is W. p. 1) " " 10/*) 18 W. p. MD- " .. 11/ 5/17 K. p. M it .. 10 J(i IS W IMC. B " " ii 26/18 K. P.1C. F u .. 11/ 3 is K. P.1C. A u " 11/ 1/18 K. IMC. C " " '.) ill IS K. Cpl. K " .. 11/ 1/18 K Cpl. L a " 10/26/18 K. P. F - " 10/17/18 K. P. C .. II 10 20 is K. P. K i. II 10 -.'(i is K. P. It a II 9/26/18 K P. G u " 10/17/18 K. Sgt. 1) " II o 24 is W. p. L n .. 10/20/18 K. P. It u " 10 ;, IS W p. E " II lo 26 is K P. I II 11 10 J(i is K. p. II (1 u in :;u is K. p. M - " " 11/ 1/18 K. p. A a .. 11 1 IS K. p. A .. II 11/ 4 IS K. p. G " II l!l -2H/18 K p. M a 1. 9/17/18 K. p I) ■ " HI .'II is K p. (. " " o 20 is K p. E " " in ->c, is K. p.. I ( u 10/26 is K. p. D -311th Inf. J.7/18 W. Sgt. F " 1, 9/29/18 K. p. C it .. 10/20/18 K Sgt. B " lo :to/i8 K. p. F ' " 10/ :'. is W. p. G . t. 111 17 is K. p. G i u 11/ 1/18 K p. D ' U 10/20/18 W p. D " 10/16/18 K p. D u 9/26/18 K p. F ' " 10/17/18 K. p B . II 9/18/18 K. p. M 11 10/27/18 K p. A " 11/ 1 is K p. A .'tlltli Inf. 11/ 1/18 K. P IC no ' " lo 30 is K p L 1 •' lo s>7 is K p F t " 10/ 3/18 K 1' E • 1. II 1 is W p. M • .. 111 7 is K. Sgt. A ' .. 11/ 1 is K. p. F ' " 11 i is K. Sgt. G ' " 11 1 is K Sgt. F I ,. 11/ i is K. p. D X u 10/16/18 K. p. E - t (I 10/2(1 is K 134 History of the Seventy-eighth Division Same. Rank: Organization. Date of Death. Key. Plotxick. Isadok P. M -311th Inf. 10 i6 18 K. Prigge. John R. P. H _ u ■ 10 i6 18 K. Pucci, Toney P. K - •• ■ 10 io 18 K. Qutxe, Frederuk M. P. A -311th Inf. 11 1 18 K Rabixowitz, Hyman P. G -311th Inf. 11/ 1 IS K. Rasiam. Paul P H - •• " 10 i\ 18 K. Reed. Richard H P. K - •• u 10 27 18 K Reillt. Francis J. P I _ i. a 10 26 18 W. Robblns. Archibald E. Sgt. K _ a ». 10 25 18 K. Rosenfeld. Lous P M - " a 10 £6 18 K. ROTHBERG, LonS Cpl. A - - a 11 1 18 K Rowi, Bertram A. Cpl. A _ u - 11 1 18 K. Rowley. Joseph C. Sgt. M _ u u 11 1 18 K. Ryax. Joseph J. p. D - - u 8 ii 18 K. Saboe. Colbex J. Cpl. F -311th Inf. 11 1 18 K. Salata. Angelo p. F _ " ■ 10 3 18 K. Santora, Gerardo p. D u u 10 19 18 K. Sawyer. William E. p. G - ■■ " 10 28 18 K. Schaeker. Anthony p. M B a 10 3 18 K. Schelter John D. Sgt. B _ It " 9 26 18 K. Schrader, George C. p. I - " a 10 26 18 K. Schseiner. GEORGE P.1C. B - « u 10 20 18 K. Schultz. Walter P.lC. B _ a a 9 26 18 K. Schweitzer. Leo L. P. HQ - - « 9 29 19 K. Scott. Claude J. P.lC. K _ a a 10 io 18 K. Scott. William H. Cpl I _ a a 11 2 18 K. Sheppard. Jess J. Meoh. L - ■ u 10 25 18 K. Shortsleeyx. Loney P L - " a 10 io 18 K. Sier. Charles P E _ « u 10 26 18 K. Skjlbred, Eric P. F a - 10 17 18 K. Slover, Luke E. PIC. B - - « 9 26 18 K. Smith. Doris P. H B a 10 18 18 K. Smith, Jacob P E - « u 10 26 IS K. Sxyder. William H. P. MG a 10 3 18 K. SOMMA. COSLMO P. E _ " u 10 26 18 K. Sorexsex. Johx H. P. M - " ■ 9 29 18 K. Stancieyitch. George P.lC. I _ u u 10 26 18 K. Stankiewicz. Boleslow PIC. I - " u 10 27 18 W. Stiles. Morton H. Sgt. A _ a " 11 1 IS K. Stipa, FRANCESCO PIC L - ■ u 10 26 18 K Stehseh, Frank H. p. B _ - a 10 30 18 K. Sullivan. John L. P.lC B _ - u 11/ i 18 K. Sullivan. William H. p. G - " - 11/ 1 18 K. Sebico, Vito P.lC. I _ - a 10 26 18 K. Sztdlowski. Mathew S. p. M u u 10 26 18 K. Tatxs. Arthur Cpl. M -311th Ii 10 25 18 W Tisci. Joe p. H _ « a 10 26 18 K Tojdowski. Joseph p. MG u « 10 3 18 K. Tomosetti. Lrici p. C - « a 10 22 18 K. Treacy, Peter J. p. D - « u 9 24 18 K. Tyszkewyc. Jan p. K _ B a 11 6 18 W. VlTALE. DOMENICK p. L -311th L 10 26 18 K. \ it ale. Joseph p. H - « u 9 20 18 K. Vorta, Nicholas p. B _ u a 9 26 18 \Y Wald, Marcts G. p. E -311th Ii 10 26 18 K. Waldron. James J. p. G - « a 10 19 18 W. Wall, Maurice A. Cpl. E _ » a 11 4 18 W. Walllxg, Clarence C. Bless Sgt. MG- a 10 21 18 W. Walter, Leslie J P. F _ » u 11 2 18 K. Wetdmax, Johx C. Cpl. B _ u a 9 24 18 K. Weinman. John P. P.lC. I _ u u 12 21 18 W Westcott. Sylvester J. p D _ « « 10 19 18 K. Whelan. Dominic W. p. I _ a u 10 31 18 W. Williams, Thomas M. p. HQ _ - " 9 24 is K. Wixkler, Charles F. p. HQ _ " 10 18 18 W. Wolcott, George T. Cpl. B _ u a 9 26 18 K Worsfold. Albert J. p. B _ u a 11 i is K. Wcxff, George C. p. H - " a 9 24 18 w. Yaschuk. Steve p. G -311th Inf. 9 28 18 K. // nor Roll \ p it T . Jr. Same. Zanni, Mi. h»el Zogasic, Pete \ LLO. AnTH'SI Adams. Frank F Allen. Charlf- M Allen. Lee B. Aloi. Peter Anderson. Alfred . Bailer. Arthi b G. Baker. Fraxk Baker. John T. Baldwin. Colonel Beeson. Woodman Berry. Frank Bilz. JAMES i Birmingham. Peter Bjtjgson, Hal\oh Bum. Raymond Boehm. James J. Borland. David Bowers. Leo J. Brassy. Domeni. k Bruno. Michael J. Bryan. Albert M. Bvc kely. Edward J. Bitera. Albert W. Byrne. High A Callebi, Domexico Campfield. George F. Carlson, Charles Carlson. Ernest H. Carney. Thomas F Carroll, Arthur F. Carucoio. Carmen CaTTANT. JosEPH L. t AVALLO, ( OVSTAXTIXO Chadbourxe. Ernest C. Childs. Russell B. Chula, John Cifrodella. Angelo Clark. Clarence L. Cleaves. FLvrvey R. Coxdit. Raymond >. Coxroy. Joseph F Curtin. Thomas E. Danufsky. Phiup Davidson. Tasker K. Decker. Louis L Dellacamera. Vixc enzo De Nourie. Elmer DePont. Louis DeSario. Vdj< i Dethloff. Alvin Devereaux. James J. Diamond. Edward R. Dirner. John 1' n '. n. John L. Doyle. Edward J. Duffy. William T. DUMBLATTSKAS, I s - \ Dunn. Joseph '/.. Dunn. Parker F. Durxixg. George J. Duschkin. Isidore Earle. Robert M. ECKSTROM. CaKL V\ Egan. BaRTHOLV Egax, Leo L. Hank. Organization. Date of Death. P. B 311th Inf. 1 K P. M - - - 10 36 18 K P M -313th 1 10 24 - \\ 1' C - - - 10 IS • K. P 1< D - - 10 IS • K P I - - 10 i K P D — ■ 10 i- - K P. \ - ■ 10 1- • K V A 313th I -. - YV P. A - ■ 10 18 18 K P A a ■ 10 31 18 K P B - - 10 23 - K P. D - ■ ■ 1" 36 18 W P A - - 10 IS K Sgl E - - io r - K M is. 3C HQ " - 10 30 18 \V P. M ■ " a 10 3- K P. B - - 10 i. K P HQ - - 10 17 18 K P < - ■ 10 3+ 18 K "- A ■ - 10 1- - K P A - ■ 10 II - W P. A - ■ 10 1- - K P. D - - 10 ! K. P H - - 1" 33 18 w Sgt. L - - 10 33 16 K Sgt F - " - 10 1< K p B 311th Inf. in ei - W p SD - - 10 3 ■ - K p. D - - - 9 3' K p. HQ - - 10 33 is K p. B - - - 10 3 K. Sgt K - - - 13 IT 18 AD p HQ - - io r - AD. p D - - n l i-« w. p M ■ - 1" 31 18 K (pi. K - - in a \< K p D - '■ 10/S IS K p. K - - in 2"! - K p F - - - 88 - K Bglr. D - - 10/18 - K. P. G - - - 10'18 - K P.1C. G - - . \\ P. B - - - 10 31 is K. P HQ- - - 10 11 - K P. G - 313th Ir io n ■ K. P. F - - - 10 n - K P D - - 10 IT Is K P B - - in 27 - K P. SD- _ - 10 39 19 K. P.1C. K - - 10 31 Is K. p. D - - 10 3^ - K p. B - - - 11 1 18 w PIC A - ■ 10 Is 18 K p. H ■ ■ 10 1 - K p. J - - - 10 9 K p. C - - - in 24 - K p I - - in i K S| L - - in K p H - - - k p. HQ - - 10 3 - K p. A - - 10 3- - K p. MG - - 10 31 is K p. G - - U.i 3. - \\ Cpl. I -313th Inf. 10 3 K p 1 - a 10/18 - K p. \ - - - 10 18 • K Sgl MG - - 10/S5 - K 236 History of the Seventy-eighth Division Name. Rabk. Organizat Olt. Dalr of Death. Kt-if Elphick, William V. B ' -312th Inf. 10/27/18 K. English, John A P. 11 - " a 9/24/18 K. Eraminas, Silvestras P. B - " " 10/27/18 K. Erickson, Edward P. F - " " 10/16/18 (?) W. Essig, Harry P. I - " a 10/25/18 W. Evans, William J. P. B - " " 10/22/18 K. Eyre, George P. E - " il 10/19/18 K. Fanning, John M. P. C -312th Inf. 10/24/18 K. Feuerbing, David P. A - " " 10/18/18 K. Fiermonte, Giuseppe P. 1) - " U 9/18/18 W. Finocchio, Joseph P. A - " " 10/18/18 K Fischer, Thomas W. P. C - " " 10/18/18 K. Flannigan, Thomas P. D 11 10/23/18 K. Foster, Henry W. P. D - " U 10/23/18 K Frank, Louis L. Mus. :!('. HQ- " " 10/19/18 K. Gallagher, John J. P. HQ -312th Inf. 10/17/18 K. Garigali, Concetto P. H - " l( 10/16/18 K. Genovese, Giho P. H - " " 10/16/18 (?) W. Gibnet, Clark E. P. C - " u 10/17/18 K. Gilroy, Michael Cpl. D - " it 10/24/18 K. Gimera, John P. D - " u 10/24/18 K Goggin, Richard J. P. B - " " 9/24 18 K. Golden, Clarence R. P. L - " a 10/24/18 W. GoNCAVSKAS, NlCKOLAS P. I - " u 10/26/18 K. Gooden, Zeb Mech. E - " " 9/26/18 K. Goodman, Jake P. A - " a 10/18/18 K. Gresser, Daniel P. P M - " " 10/16/18 K. Guile, Arthur W. P. K " 10/24/18 K. Hallquist, Gerhard E. P. M :ntli Inf. 10/24/18 K. Hakchar, John PIC K " " 10/24/18 K Harebo, Arthur P C - " " 10/26/18 (?) W. Heinrich, Jerome P. H - " " 9/26/18 K. Hennessy, James Sgt. B - " " 10/21/18 K. Herrmann, Bertrand PIC. D - " " 10/24/18 K. Hudders, William L. p. B - " (i 10/22/18 K Humphrey, Hugh p. B " 11/ 4/18 K. Huper, William L. p. E - " a 10/16/18 K. Jagow, Otto p. E -312th Inf. 10/19/18 K. Johnson, Crist 1' C - " U 10/24/18 K. Jones, Curtis p. M " 10/26/18 K. Kaczyknski, Adam p. I -312th Inf. 10/23/18 K. Kaiser, George T. Sgt. HQ- " " 11/ 1/18 K. Kaminski, Louis W. P. F - " « 10/30/18 W. Kaplan, Herman IMC K - " a 10/24/18 K. Kaplan, Samuel P. D - " " 10/24 IS K. Keller, Frederick W. P. HQ -" ft 10/30/18 K Kelley, William ('. Cpl. A - " " 10/16/18 K. Kemmer. August W. p. G - ■" ft 9/26/18 K. KlEFRIEDER, Harry B. p. HQ- " u 8/28/18 K. Kilmer, Edward J., Jr. p. A - •' ft 10/18/18 K. Kilts, George W. p. E - " it 9/27/18 W. Kinnaman, Bertrand Cpl. F - " " 10/18/18 K. Kinzel, Ferdinand p. G - " a 8/25/18 K. Klaban, Benjamin p. G - " a 9/26/18 K. Kolinsky, Louis p. HQ- " u 10/17/18 W. Kramel, Charles J. Mus. 2C. HQ- " tt 10/22/18 K. Krim, Benjamin P. B - " it 10/21/18 K. Kruse, George P. Cpl. I " 10/23/18 K. Kuchinsky. Harry P. HQ- " u 10/19/18 K. Laghi. Giuseppe P. F -312th Inf. 10/16/18 K. Lange, Edwin A. P. I - " u 10/25/18 K. Lapinsky, Victor P. A - " ft 10/18/18 K". Larkin, William F. P. G - " " 9/26/18 K. Larson. Wilmar J. P G - " " 10/18/18 K. Lauenstein, William A. Cpl. E - " " 10/17/17 K. Leahy, William L. P. I) - " " 10/24/18 K. Lee, Clarence P. G - " it 10/18/18 K. Lenahan, John Sgt. K - " " 10/25/18 K. Navu Leslie, Fh in< is C. Lewis. Frank E. Likens, [saai Lindner, W w.i bh G. l.oi KM IHT, John F. I,iphi\cj. JOSE] H Li m BNSTERN, Erwin M miik. Harris E. Mi Donald, Willi i« B. McGLOINE, El>« \i:i> XL Gn \« . Thom \s ( . Mi Kinney, Elmer E. McMurtry, George W MaFFUCCI, \ IM ENZO Malone, Edward .(. Mancini, Marino M wm„ Edward L. Maresca, Charles F. M irtino, Joseph M \s..\, Willi \m H M issen, Ernest G. M VIHLS, JoSEI'II J. Mesmer, Frank L. MONTON M<". StACHY MONTONE, AnGELO Mi mi it, Charles Mi in. Hi.n.i smin II. N sum. Enw \m> Napolitan, Leonard Norton, Joseph P. \o\ IK, I'll SNK ( I'Hriln. Dennis J. O'Connor, William A. Oisetii. Gl ST 11 i: A. <)i..-cin, Victor Olstrum, [rvino C. O'Malley, I'eter Osborne, Loyal A. Ottman, Merton R. Owens, Edward L. Paul, \i;i I'm. ii astro, Frank J. Prentice, Ralph Pi m hard, William W., Jr. Ki.yi.h, Joseph F. Reynolds, ALBERT J. Bobbins, James S. Rotii, Raymond J. SawELSON, William SaTERS, Deldert A. StARFO, Patsy Schboeder, ( Isi ah S., Jr. Scott, Kenneth J. Si.nkyr. Frank G. Seymour, Edward Shalteri, Guiseppe Sifter, Norman C. Smith, Joseph Smith, William T Spaiir. William Stanton, Martin J. Steip, Henry J. Si dln, George T. Sl I.LIX AN, Ml< HALL P. Si llo, BENIZIO P. SWANSON, IIlnry S. SWANTON, John 1). Swift, James E. Honor Roll Hunk. t>r IS IS - W. Kulas, Charles p. I) _ « « III ->i IS K Lawrence, Fred J. P.1C. C -309th M.G.Bn. III .'1 IS K Lonergan, James F. p. D u u 11 1 IS K Quackenbcsh, Andrew PIC. D -309th M.G.Bn. 10/ 1 is K Razim, Charles S. PIC. C -309th M.G.Bn. in 26 18 \\ RnEiNGANs. Louis G. p. D _ « ■• 11/ 1 is K Rhymer, Ray O. Cpl C _ « " l(i 27 is \\ Seaman. Allen M. P.1C. C -309th M.G.Bn. 11 1 IS W Whitehead. Charles E. Cpl. C -309th M.G.Bn. 1(1 *(i is K. Wilson. Glen M. p. D u u in 25 is K Buemel, Ernest Sgt. i< D -303rd Eng 9 30 IS K Carson, William 11 IMC A 303rd Eng. !> 19 is K Fahrez, Sam. p. C 303rd Eng. 9/25/18 W F'arley, Peter V. P.1C. B it a 9 26/18 K Ferrell. Horace M. p A a a 9/29/18 K Gallagher. Lindley K. p. C -303rd Eng. '.I 21/18 K German, Roscoe L p 1! _ u u 9/2H IS K Lemieux, Edward H. p. c -303rd Eng. 9/22 is \\ Radch, James E. p. c -303rd Eng 9 21 is K Sixer, George W. p. A -303rd Eng. 10/20 IS K. Sprague, Harry H. Wag. B _ (< u !) iS IS K Swannell, Thomas 1!. P. A _ u a 9/29/18 K Walsh, Mark P. C -303rd Eng !l 22 IS K. Billings, Leo J. P.1C. C -303rd F.S.Bn Hi 24 is W Clancy, Leland S. PIC. 1! -303rd F.S.Bn. 8/19 IS All Wolf, Henry J. P.lC. C -303rd F.S.Bn. 9/20/18 K. McGrvNEY, Raymond T. P. Slltb Anih. Co. 8/28/18 K. DIED OF DISK ASK Name. Rank. Organization. Dai, of 1) alJi Afar] \\. 11 moi tun P. A -310th Inf. 3 ."> 10 Albbrtson, Ellsworth !•'.. ri< (' -303rd F. S. Bn. 2 11 19 Alexander, Orville B. p. E 303rd Eng. 1 ^ 16 is Vllisi in, Harley W. Cpl B -309th Inf. 2 H 19 Ai.i.m is. George J. PIC. F -307th F. A. 3 19 19 Asm. Alfred Dee I'M ( 303rd F. S. Mil i 10 19 Al BERGER, ( IHARLES Wag. Sup-81Ith Inf. 2/ .» 10 \ \. ( lEORGE T. PIC M -310th Inf. 1 13 19 \i 111 i . ( i.ii a J. PIC. E 312th Inf. ■> IS 10 Avery, Preston P. Cook K 310th Inf. 12 is is Bahford, Robert Cook I -312th Inf. 11 '28 is Bartel, August M. P. L -309th Inf. 10 22 IS Bartlett, Herbert N. P. G 811th Inf. 3 22 l" Beels, Alfred P. L -311th Inf. 1 7 19 Behrens, Fred Sgt. 1? 303rd Eng. (?) BERNESCONI, Raymond Mech. E 308th F. A. 2 12 19 Hi \\c III. I ARLO P. SI) 310th Inf. K' 17 IS Bishop, Iti >-^< oe W. B -303rd Ainin. Tr. 7 .-> I8(?) M< ii i hino, George P. M -308th F. A. 2 ->\ 10 Bott, Eddie P. HQ 311th Inf. 1 ^ 10 Boyd, Robert P. (i -311thlnf. ■i 10 19 BRENNAN, William I'M E -303rd Eng. i 17 19 Brokaw, Chester P. A -307th M. (i. Mil ■i 17 19 BrOSS, William E. P. 1! S07th F. A. i 10 19 Brown, Raymond G. I'M C -303rd F. S. Bn. 1 IS 10 Brzostowicz, Joseph 11 1*. G -309th Inf. 11 28 18 Mi hkk. John E. PIC. HQ 309th M. (i. Bn. 11 29 18(?) Burke, Thomas A. PIC. Sup-311th Inf. 2 13 19 Ml RNS, I'll NK W. Sgt. E -310th Inf. 3 13 19 Mi tler, Patrick V. p. E -309th F. A. ■i 16 19 Mi zzoni, Arthur Wag. 303rd Eng. Tr. \i :> is l ibrera, Joseph R. P. SI> -312th Inf. 12 31 IS ( uiu lllader, Donald Sgt. G -311th Inf. 1 is 19 (' VMPBELL, II IRRY L. P. I -309th Inf. 1 i 19 Carpoale, Anthony < look HQ -307th F. A. 2 is 10 ( ' IRNE1 . .1 \MKS W:i^' Sup-Slltb Inf. i 7 19 (ahy. Chester 1). I onk H -311th Inf. 10 is 18 (?) ( ISSATT, ( II \H1.KS T. P. MD-309tfa Inf. 12 28 is ( 'll IRLES, Loi IS Ilr Shr. A -303rd F. S. Bn. li 12 19 Ciliberti, Nicola P. A -303rd Eng. 1 9 19 Clark, Joseph V. P. M -303rd M. P. i 7 19 ( III III UN. ( rEORGE PIC. B -309th Inf. 2 25 19 ( 'iimh ER, -I im:> P. L -311th Inf. 2 10 10 ( in i\ Kin), William 1*. A 308th F. A. II 3 is ( 'urn in, John (J. P. K 311th Inf. 11 17 is CULLEN, PaTRII k J. P. II -810th Inf. s 22 IS Cunningham, John P. < 303rd Ainin. Tr. 1 28 10 Dancer, George W. P. A -307th F. A. 2 IS 10 Dane, Elmer W. Sgt. History of the Seventy -eighth Division Name. Rank. Geddes, Percy A. P. Gerew, Orval P. Gibson, Henry F. P. Gilbert, Mark J. P. Goffe, Albert P. P. Green, Pail PIC. Grennan, Thomas !•'. P. Guilfoyle, John J. PlC. Gully, Frederick C. P. Guhnee, Amasa F. (pi. Haight, Harris L. P. Hakes. Burt D. Cpl. Hammell, Charles A. P. Hammett, Charles L. PIC. Hardy, Robert Wag. Haremza, Steve P. Hexry, Lawrence I{ Cook Hersh, Russell P. Hitchcock, John A. P. Hoffman, Ward V Sgt. Hogax. Westley T. PlC. Holden, Clinton A P. Houston. George S. PlC. Huntley, Clarence I?. Pl< Jackson, Albert H. P. Jenkins. Henry J. P. Johnson. Albert L. P. Kinney, Daneil H. P. Kisley, Anton P. Klomps. Harry P. K'olII.EK. CHARI ES I. P. Lake. Hazel (I. 1st Sgt. Lane, Joseph P. LkFhani is, Fred E. P. Lehmann, Lons J. Sgt. Leonhardt, William F. P. Lipari, Samuel Cpl. Luoto, August M P. McCarthy, John J. Cpl. McGuire, Wallace F. P. McMaho.n, Bernard J. P. McNulty, Joseph T. PIC. Malizapke, Frank PlC. Martin, Percy P. Mascanz, Joseph P. Meade. Raymond .1. S^t Miles, T. P. P. Miller, William IS.. Jr. P. Millington, John J PIC. Moon, James s. PlC. Moran, Eugene J. P. Morgan, Elmer P. Moschell, Frank J. P. Murray, John J. P. Mutchnick, Max P. Xeiss, Andrew S. P. Nightengale, Walter T. Cpl. O'Brien, Hugh J. Cpl. O'Hare, Daniel P. O'Mara, Eugene P. Cpl. Orchard, Harry H. B. S. M. Pagliaroli, Isidoro PIC. Palmer, Charles B. P. Peckham. Homer L. Sgt. Pelland, Victor P. P. Phipps, Harry B. P. Prow da. Manuel Muse. Quinlan, Raymond J. PIC. Organization. Cas. Det. 78th G -309th Inf. 78th M. P. Co. MG- 309th Inf. HQ -310th Inf. K -312th Inf. D -307th F. A. A -309th M. G. lit.. F -310th Inf. E -308th 1". A. HQ-312th Inf. D -303rd Sup. Tr. MD-309th F. A. C -303rd F. S. Bn. D -303rd Amm. Tr. K -311th Inf. -309th F. H. A -309th M. G. Bn. K -312th Inf. M -311th Inf. F -803rd Amm. Tr. A -307th F. A. B -309th Inf. C -303rd F. S. Bn. C -311th Inf. D -303rd Eng. K -310th Inf. G -311th Inf. G -311th Inf. C -307th F. A. B -307th M. G. Bn. B -307th F. A. Sup-308th F. A C -303rd F. S. Bn. HQ -311th Inf. Sup-30Sth F. A. E -310th Inf. E -303rd Eng. H -3111th Inf. 31 lth salv. Lnit G -310th Inf. E -312th Inf. L -311th Inf. F -303rd Engl A -309th Inf. A -307th M. G. Bn. M -309th Inf. F -307th F. A. L -309th Inf. E -308th F. A B -307th F. A. E -303rd Amm. Tr. Cas. Det. 78th C -30!)th FA. HQ -310th Inf. K -309th Inf. C -303rd F. S. Bn. G -311th Inf. A -308th F. A. G -311th Inf. HQ-312thInf. K -312th Inf. HQ -309th F. A. HQ. Det. 1.53rd F. A. Bg. L -310th Inf. C -303rd Eng. HQ -307th F. A E -303rd Amm. Tr. Dnlr nf Death. 2 14/19 (i 8/18 !t 24/18 •2 '21/19 3 12/19 t 11/19 •2 22/19 '2 10/19 •2 22/19 2 15 111 11 1/18 11/30/18 2 10/19 2 12/19 3/19/19 8/11/18 2 13/19 2/18/19 4/17/19 1 7/19 12 24/18 2/16/19 2/26/19 2 20/19 3/19/19 8/ 7/18 3/ 9 1!) 2 12/19 2/ 5/19 1/ 5/19 2/ 9/19 12/ 2 18 3/ 4/19 2/20/19 1/ 8/19 2/17 19 11 26/18 12 22/18 1 16/19 2 19/19 2/ 7/19 12/15/18 •2 19/19 10/31/18 10/21/18 12 29/18 1 29 19 3/ 6/19 .-, 1 19 12 17 18 :( 18/19 2/ 5/19 2 8/19 2 20/19 2/10/19 A. D.) 4/10/19 11/12 18 2 5/19 2/27/19 2/14/19 10/28/18 3/20/19 2/ 9/19 2/19/19 11/ 5/18 !t 22/18 (?) 2 17/19 2 6 19 Dial of Disease 2 13 Name. Rainet, Herbert J. Read, .I< >ns II Reading, Harri A Reardon, Daniel F. Reed, John I'. Reid. James Repardi, Frank l{ii rardson, Andrew M. RlGHTMYER, WlLLIAM M Roai ii. Emmet RoSENFIELD, HERMAN I Ross, George R William G. Ruggerio, Joseph Hi iz. N IRCISO S \n\ er, Willi \m E. - * rZGER, Kn» Mil) S vi s'Ders, Carl < '. 5 v« vi h. John < Schmehl, Fred -I Schmttz, John M Si hreader, Benj wii\ H. Schwam, Morris I Servinski. Stam-i.su Skeels, Walter I). Smith. Sam B. Smith, William S. Stannard, Alfonso Sullivan, Timothy Taccone, Sam Tallinger, Ahtiii r J. Temple, Harold R. I'i hiiis. Louis Thompson, Edward Thornton, Lewis F. Titus, Henry, S. I khun, Ferdinand A. \ \\< in ii. Edmund Vanderbeek, George R. \ i\ Marter, Harry H. \ w\. Arthur W. Van Orden Perry Van Wert, Ralph Veech, William VerHage, Peter Volk, Joseph W. Vols, Camille Wade, Joseph P. Walker, Howell E. Warner, James C. Warren, William .1 Weinberger, Meyer Wii.i 1 1\. Myrle, A. Wood, Dana W. York, Robert H. Rank. Organization l),it, of Death. P It 309th \l G. Mn. ■! 28 lit 1! S M \\i) Del 78th l>n 2 17 111 Sup. Sgt. E 311th Inf. 111 SI is P. 31 lili Salv. I'nil i 17 111 P \\q -311th Int" 1 13 in P. G 312th Inf. :l 7 in P IKJ 308rd San 1 'r. 2 HI 111 P (' 308th M . <;. Hi,. ■i hi lit P. <; Sllthlnf. 3 in in P. \ 303rd Eng. 12 12 is P. IKj 309th F. V ■> [3 lit P Ii 310th Inf 3 3 in P C -303rd Eng. S 1 IS PIC. F 310th Inf. ■i ii lit p C 311th Inf. 2 is lit p. <' -308th F. A. 2 II 111 (pi. E -303rd Sup. '1 T. 2 17 in Band Cpl. HQ-310th Inf. 2 24 19 P. 1! -308th F. A. ■-' -if, 111 P. A -307th F. A. i is lit P. G -310th Inf. HI is is P Sup 309th F. A. 3 12 I'i P 1) 309th Inf. •2 24 in P I. -311th Inf. 3 -i 1H P. 1> - 308th M. G. Bn. ■• 16 lit Cpl. I -310th Inf. 1 SI in P. M -312th Inf. ■i :, in P. 311th Salv. Unit 2 15 lit P. (' :sostli M. G. Bn. Id 31 is P. K 309th F. A. 2 11 in P. 300th F. H. 2 8 in P. MG-312th Inf. i lfi HI PIC. K -Sllthlnf. 1 3 in p. C -308th F. A. 2 is HI p. E -308th F. A 2 L8 Hi PIC. E -309th Inf. S .'] is P. HQ -308th F. A •» 17 19 p. M -Sllthlnf. 12 -'ii 18 Sgl HQ -309th Inf. •J 20 19 p. A :l(i?tli F. A. 2 15 III Mech. G -303rd Amm. Tr. 2 L2 lit Hr Slir. 1) 309th F. A. 2 11 111 Cook F 310th Inf. 12 20 is - P. E 303rd Amm. IV. 2 -.'1 Hi Cpl. F -SOSrd Anmi Tr. 12 ."> is p. It 312th Inf. ii •.'<; in PIC. E S08th F. A. •j •.'•» in PIC. K 312th Inf. :i JH Hi p. 1) 309th M.G. Bn. 2 •-' in Sgt. K 810th Inf. 12 24 is p c 810th Inf. -.' 17 111 p 1) 310th Inf. 3 U in Wag (i :(o:inl Amm Tr. .> 11 HI Wag Sup-SlOth Inf. 1 5 111 P F :i(».'(rd Amm . Tr. v. D.) 2 --'II HJ H A6-79 *„ '^.T' ** © ..... > ^ •..,. y- © ..... o° k'- % V *. > t • • , /-\ J?V \/ ' ' *-» %. * • a A V ' v A <* *-^vT* A° °^ - ^ A^ *V®^- o V •> <> mm? 1 ^^ * KIT- «? °^ ^^ a A \ ^-A • * * o V ^O ■ -ok ;' rv VV Vv <^-V rV j^ DEC 73 ' % W# N.MANCHESTER. I ^=y INDIANA 46962 I 1 °-_ -311^ ^ 0v ^ ■• -^ ^°-_ X MHMB«