Will be Published about September, 1877, MORFORD'S ISEEI m SESSiTi Mi-Mi -OF- fLIBHARY OF CONGRESS,! % m 2 laprtgltt ^Jc ||hkp;A-£.2|apn9W5o. f fe whole cross- ii L River to the # Great Ameri- ^^ UNITED STATES OP KMMIGL py, the Sierra CHIEF WONDERS OF THE GOLDEN STATE, Intended to be at once the most instructive and amnsinu book yet produced on the subject, and INVALUABLE AS A COMPANION AND GUIDE BOOK. Handsome 16 7110., of about 250 pages, liberally illustrated. CHAS. T. DILLINGHAM, Publisher, New York, LEE & SHEPARD, Boston, and THE UNION NEWS CO. (on all Railways.) DO NOT MISTAKE THE COMPANY. TO CasTi Assets, over $4,000,000. m rHE TRAVELERS INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CONN., grants everything desirable in LUTE J^lSllD J^CCxjJ)E:S-r IMSXJJa^7?^CE. \) ACCIDENT DEPARTMENT. Foreign Travel. — Policies insuring against death by any form of accident, at home or abroad. RATE PER $1000. Onk Month. Two N nihs. Thkke Months. One Year. 5?2.oo. $3-35- «f3.8o. $5.00. Amkkican Travel ■ Polities insuring agamsi death by accident, and cov- ering liuieinnity for disabling injuries, at rale of $5.00 per week with eack "jIljOoo insured. \ RATE PER $1000 One Month. Two Monihs. 'IHkhe Months. One Year. $1.50. 12.25 ^1^3. 00. $5.00. Daily average of Losses paid, $9(10 00 (during twelve years.) LIFE DEPARTMENT. in its Life Department, the Tkavklkks grants lull Life and FNnowMEifT Policies, enibracing (he be^i features of the bis( C'.mp^mei.. as to non f>>rftruuie, terms ot payment, etc., but Without any of the complications or uuceriaintics of the note system All policies non-foifeitablc. its five, ten. fittcen and twenty year policies can Reconverted imo endowments, at the option of the iniurAnt. 'I'his teaturc is original with this Company. R.DENNIS, Secretary. J G. BA TTmsON, Preiident. Njcw Yokk Office. Tribune Bui ding. R. M. JOHNSON, Manager morford's Short-Trip Guide TO AMERICA. {UNITED STATES AND DOMINION OF CANADA.) By 'HENRY MORFORD, AUTHOR OF THE " SHORT-TRIP GUIDE TO EUROPE,'' " OVER-SHA,' "PARIS IN '67," ETC: J^adL^ CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM. BOSTON: LEE & SHEPAKD. LONDOK: TRUBNER & CO., AND W. H. SMITH & S02f. mi \ \* Entered at Stationers' Hall, London— all rights reserved. Entered according to Act of Congress, in tlie year 18T7, By henry MOKFORD, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at "Washington, D. 0. l.^ S.10. F. Jf E&BiTT & Co., Printers, Pearl and Pine St., Kew York. ADTERTISEMENT TO THE SEVENTH EDITION, 111 tlie preparation of the seventh, edition of the '* Short- Trip Guide to America," necessarily most of the features which had won it so much of commendation and success in previous editions, iiave been retained • though many varia- tions have been found necessary, from the constant changes of routes, widening of space covered by railway transit, alter- nations and improvements in cities, &c. Some entirely new and important routes ha-ve been added, and completions of only -less consequence made in others. Most of the very close particulars given last year with reference to the City of Philadelphia, have been retained as permanently useful; and especial attention has been paid to the very latest alterations in the City of New York. Southern and Western routes have also been materially remodeled and extended; and the various new railway connections with the main line crossincr the Continent to the Pacific, will be found carefully noted, as well as th« improvements and alterations made by the last three years in the strange City of the Golden Gate. It is believed that, taken all in all, the " Short-Trip Guide " for 1877 will be found reasonably complete, and thoroughly welcome to the large body of native and foreign travelers to whose convenience it may minister. New York and London, June, 1877. TABLE OF CONTENTS. fNDEX i DisTAXCics. Time and Fakes xiv Cost AXD Time of Short American Trips .- 7 P KEF AK AXIOM'S for the Trip to America 17 ■\Yhat to Do and A^oid on Shipboard ^. 30 Bell-Time at Sea ...^ 4g i!J"E\v York. City, Harbor and -SubTirbs , 4-2 KouTE 'No. 1. — iSTorthern — New York to ]Sliagara and Canada 62 " No. 2. — Northern — New York to Niagara aud Canada 63 " No, 3 —Northern — New York to Saratoga, Lake Georg-e, &c, 9t ^* No. 4. — Eastern— New York to Boston^ hj N^ew Haven, Providence, &c ] 03 " No. S. — Eastern — Boston to Portland and Canada 124 ■*' No. ti. — Northern and Eastern — Boston to White Monn- tains, &e , 129 •" No. 7. — Northern and Eastern — New York to White Moun- tains, &-e 136 -" No. <8. — Near 'Westem— New York to Philadelphia 14^ ■" No. 9. — Westei'n and Southern — Philadelphia to Baltimore, Washington and Kiehmond 162 •" No. 9h. — Special Virginian— Baltimore or Washington to Viiginia Cities^ Springs and Mountains 159 ^' No.9|. — Western and Somth- Western — Washingtoner Bal- timore, to Chicago and St Louis 1801 ■" No. 10. — South- Weatera — Riehmond te Charleston, Savan- nah, New Orleans, &e 19@ *" No. 11.— South - Western — WasMngton or Bicbmoad to Nashville and New Orleans 195 ■*' No. 11 -J. — SoRthern — liichmond to Charleston, Savannah, and Florida Besorts 196a ■" No. 12. — Western — New York or Philadelphia to Cincinnati aud Chicago 197 " No. 13.— Western — New York to Chicago. &e 206 ^' No. 14 Western— Cincinnati to Louisville, St. Loms .and Chicago 21^ " No. '1.5. — Northern and Western — Buffalo to Chicago, by- Lake Shore 22S " No. 16. — Northern — New York or Pliiladelphia to Coal and Oil Peg-ions 228 " No. 17. — Canadian and Western — Niagara to Detroit and Chicago 231 " No. 18 — North-Western — Chieago t-o St Paul and Lake Superior 237 " No. 19. — Canadian — Niagara t-o Toronto, Ottawa, ]^£ontreal, (Quebec, &c 241 " No. 20. — Canadian — Niagara to Toronto, Montreal aaid Que- bec, by Steamers 257 " No. 21.— Far Western— Chicago to Omaha, Salt Lake City and Saa Francisco ^ ^ 261 Off Eoute and Minor Places...! -. - 277 i^TRAir6HII• LINES and Banking Houses ■ — - A ME uiCAX HuTELS for Travellers — itEMIXUEJiS TO PtAJdBLEliS ..- -^-... ^........^ -— = INDEX [PJUACIS AND ROUTES. FOR PLACES THEMSELVES, SEE FIGURES IN HEAVT type; for PL ices KOT found in this INDEX, SEE " OFF- ROUTE AND MINOR PLACES," PRECEDING.] A Acapnico, Mex., 273. Adirondack MoiTntains, 97, 100. Adrian, Midi., 227, 235. Akron, Oliio, 2lo. Alameda (and Warm Springs), Cal., 271, 273. Albany, N. Y., 70. Albion, Midi., 235. Albion, N. Y., 77. Alexandria, Ya., 183, 185, 195. Alkali, Keb., 269. Allegheny City, Ta., 200. AUeglieny Mountains, 1D9. Alleglieny Springs, Va., 195. AUentown, Fa., 208. Alliance, 0., 210. Altoona, Pa.. 199. Alton Bay, N. II , 125, 129. Alton, 111., 224, 239, 261, 203. Alton, N. H., 129. Amador, Cal., 274. Amlierst, Mass., 139. Ammonoosuc Falls, N. n., 134. Anchorage, Ky., 217. Andover, North, Mass, 124. Annapolis Junction. Md., 171. Annapolis, Md., 1G8, 171. Ann Arbor, Mich., 235. Appomattox, Ya., 195. Aquia Creek, Ya., 183, 185. Argenta, Nov., 272. Arlington House, Ya., 182. Arnprior, Can., 243. Arthabasca (Junction), Can,, 128, 251. Ashland, Iowa, 2G3. Ashland. Ky., 217. Aspen, Utah, 271. Aspinwall, Cent. Amer., 273. Athens, N. Y., 70. Athens, O., 203. Atlanta, Ga., 191. Atlantic, Iowa, 264. Atlantic City, N. J., 150, 160. Attleboro, Mass., 110. Auburn, Cal., 273. Auburn, N. Y., 76. AUGUSTA, Ga., 191. Augusta, Me., 127, An Sable River, N. Y., TOO. Austin, Iowa, 23S, 261, 262. Austin, Nev., 269. Australia (to;, 273. B. Balleton Spa. N. Y., 91. BALTlilORE, Md., 1G4. 193, 201— Fort McHenry, 165 — Monu- ments, 165 — Streets, 165— Public Buildings, 166 — Churches 166— Lit. Inst,, 166— Theatres, 167— Hotels, 167— Cemeteries, 167— Excursions, 168 — Longer Excursions, 168, 169, 170. Bangor, Me., 127, Barry town, N, Y., 68. Batavia, N. Y., 77. Bathurst, N. B., 260. Battle Creek, Mich., 235. Battle Mountain, Nev., 272. Bay City, Mich., 240. Beauport, Can., 253. Beaverton, Can., 242. Becancour, Can., 128. Bedford Springs, Pa., 199. Bel-Air, Md , 168. Belle Air, O., 202. Belleville. Can., 243. Bellows Falls, Vt., 140. Belmont, Mo., 220. Belmont, Nev., 269. INDEX. J'.eloit, Wis., 238. Berkeley Springs, Va.. lS9a. J'.ergen Tunnel, N. J., S3. I'.erlm, Can., 232, 242. I'.etlilehem, N. H., 134. 3;ethieiiem, Pa., 208. lieverley, N. J., 150. r.idUeionl, Me., 125. i;is* Oak Flat Koute, Cal., 2767?. Ijig Trees of Calaveras, Cal.,276«. V.'\g I'rees of Mariposa, Cal., 27di. liiy; Tnnnei, Ya , 195. IJiuoliaraton, N. Y., 76, 87. IJird'a Point, Mo., 221. llirmmgliam, Pa., 200. P.ismavck, Mo., 221. Bitter"Creek, V/yo„ 271. Black Ptiver, Can., 128. Bladensburg, Mel., 171. Blairsville, Pa.. 200. ]'.Ioo(ivPoncl, N. Y.,95. Blooiiiington, 111., 224, 261, 202, 2t;3. I'.Ioomsbnry. N. J., 207. Boca. Cal., 273. 3!o:s(; City, Idaho. 2G8, 269. r.onsack's, Va., 195. Boone. Iowa. 202. J'.oonton, N. J., 228. Bordentown, N. J., 148, 150, ICO. Boston, 107, 110, 115, 251— Streets, 117— Public Grounds, 117 — Antiquities, 117 — Public Buildinpis, 118— Monuments, 119 —(.'li arches, 119— Libraries and Bit. Inst., 119— Theatres, 120— Hotels, 120— Excursions, ,120— Jlarvard University, 120— "\Vasli- inaion Head Quartt-r?, 121 — }s!oimt Auburn Cemetery, 121 — Bout;er Excursions, 121, 122. Botiiwell, Can., 232. Bound Brook, N. J., 206. Bowling Green, Ky., 219. Bownianville, Can , 2-i2. Bradlnrd, Mass., 124. B.ninch Intersection. Pa., 198. P.ranchville, S. C, 191. ]-nindvwine CH-eek, Pa., 162. B.raltleboro, Vt , 140. r.reckf^nridge, Minn., 239. r.riiijrcport. Ct., 103. Brid. Ya., 183. Bulstrodc, Can., 128, 251. Bureau, 111., 263. Burkevilie (Junction), Va., 195. BurliQgton, JOAva, 215, 238, 239, 261, 263.264. Burlington, N. J.. ir^O, 160. Burlington, Vt., 100, 101, 140. Bush River Bridge, Md., 164 €. Cacouna, Can., 255^ Cairo, HI., 194, 205, 216, 220. Caldwell, N. Y., 95. Caledonia, N. Y., 77. Caledonia Springs, Can., 246. Calilornia Junction, Iowa, 264, 265. Caliicoon, N. Y.,86. Calistoga (Springs), Cal.. 276Z. Camden, N. J., 148, 150, 159. Camel's Hump Mountain, Vt., 100. Canandaigu-i, N. Y., 77. Canton, O., 210. Cape Cod. Mass., 122. Cape Elizabeth, Me., 125. Cape Mav, N. J., 150. 160. Cape Rouge, Can., 253. Cape Vincent, N. Y., 243. Carbon, AVvo., 266. Caraondale, Pa., 270. Carillon, Cni., 246. Carleton Place, Can., 243, 245. Carlin, Nev., 272. Carlisle, Pa , 198. Carson, Nov., 269. INDEX. in Carter, Utah. 271. Cascade Bridge, N. Y., 87. Casey, Iowa, 264. Castie Rock, Utali, 271. CastletOM, N. y., 70. Castleton, Vr., lOl. Catawissa, Pa., 209. Catskill Landing, M. Y., 6S. Catskill Moautaiii House, 69. Cave City, Ky., 218. Cayuga, N. Y., 77. Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 215, 233, 2G1, 263, Central City, Col.. 266. Centre Harbor, N. II., 102, 130, 138. Chambersburg. Ta., 183, 198. Champaian, III., 224. Charles City, Iowa, 238. • Charles ion, Mo., 221. Chaklestox, S. C, 18^, 189. Claariusiuwu, Va., 1896. Charlotte Town, P. E. 1., 259. Charlottesville, Va., 183, 195. Chatham, Can., 232. Chattanooga, Tenn., 191, 196. Chaudiere, Junction, Can., 128, 254, 255, 256. Chaudiere Falls, Can., 244, 253. Chelsea, Mass., 122. Chenoa, 111., 224. Cherry Valley, N. Y., 74. Chester, N.J. , 228. Chester, Pa., 162. Chester, Va., 186. Cheyenne. Wyo.,270, 274. Chicago, III., 201, 205, 212, 220, 223, 225, 227, 234, 236, 238, 239. Chicamauga, Tenn., 19G. China (to>, 273. Chinese Camp, Cal., 274. Cincinnati, 0., 201, 202. 204, 205, 210, 215, 221, 223, 227. Claremont, Vt., 140. Clearfield, Pa., 199. Cleveland, 0., 201. 202, 203, 205, 210, 216, 226, 240. Clinton, Iowa, 261. 6lyde,N. Y., 77. Clyde, ()., 227. Coal Regions of Pennsylvania, 207, 268, 229. Coatesville, Pa.. 197. Coljurg, Can., 242. Cohoes Falls, N. Y., 71. Coibovne, Can., 243. Cold Spring, N. Y., 66. Colfax, Cal., 273. Collins' Bay, Can., 243. Colmar, Iowa, 238. Coloma, Cal., 270. Colura"ia, Ind., 211. Columbia, Pa., 198. Columbia, S. C, 188, 191. Columbia Springs (route to), 70. Columbus, Ky., 220. Columbus, 0., 202, 210, 227. Columbua, Neb., 269. Communipaw, n. J., 20G. Como, Cau., 247. Coney Island, N. Y., 58. Concord, Mass., 123, 136. Concord, N. H., 124, i25, 13T. Conemaugh Station, Pa., 199. Contra Costa, Cal.. 273. Conway, N. H., 102, 129, 131, 138 Conway YaUey, N. H., 130. Cooperctown, N. Y., 74. Corinne, Ulah, 272. Corning, N. Y., 77, 8S?). Cornwall Landing, N. Y., 66. Corrv, Pa., 89, 198, 226, 230. Coshocton, 0., 202, 227. Council Bluffs, Iowa, 3S3, 264. Covington, Ky., 204, 217. Cossackie, N. Y.. 70. Coultersville Route, Cal., 276/. Crawlbrd House. N. H., 133. C esson. Pa., 199. CresUine, O., 210. Creston, VVyo., 271. Cri^fleld. Md., 103. Croton River, N. Y., 63. Culpepper, Va., 183. Cumberland, Md., 170, 201. Panvers, No., Mass., 124. Danville, Can., 128. Danville Junction, Me., 127. Darien, Ct., 103. Davenport, Iowa, 239, 263. Dayton, 0.. 204, 210, 211, 227. Delaware Water Gap, 60, 160, 207, 229. Dennison, 0., 202. Denver, Col., 274, 2 7 6m. Deposit, N. Y., 86. Des Moines. Iowa, 215, 262, 264. Detroit, Mich., 210, 211, 216, 227, 23 3 < 240. Devirs*Gate, Utah, 271. IV INDEX, Dexter, Iowa, 254. Dixon, 111,261. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., 63. Dorsev. Md., 171. Doucet's Lauding, Can., 128. Dover, Del., 163. Dover, N. J., -228. Dover, N.H., 125,129,137. Dowmi'ville Cal., 27u, Downingtoa, ra., 197. Drakesville, N. J., 228. Drestlen Junction, 0., 202. Dubuque, Iowa, 239, 2G1. Dulutb, Minn., 238, 240. Dundas, Can., 232* Dunkirk, N. Y., 89, 228. Dunleitli, Iowa, 261. Dunville, Can., 232. Durliam, N. H., 125. Easton, Pa., 160, 207, 229. East Penn. Junction, Pa., 208. Eatontov/n, N. J., 59. Ebensburg, Pa., 199. Echo Canon (and City), Utah, 271. Echo Lake. N. H., 141. Ellingham, Ind., 205&, 225. Elgin, IlL, from Cliicago, 212 to 216. Elizabeth City, Va., 169. Elizabeth, N. J., 59, 145, 197, 206. Elizabethport, N. J., 149, 206. Elk Grove, Cal., 274. Elkharr, Ina., 227. Elkhorn, Neb., 268 Elkhorn, Wis.. 237. Elko, Kev., 272 Elkton, Md., 163. Ellicott's Mills, Md., 170. ElUs, Cal., 271. Elmira, N. Y., 88,198. Eminence, Ky., 217. Emporium, Pa., 230. Euglewood, TIL, 262. Erie Canal, 74. Erie, Pa., 198, 201, 226, 230, 240. Essex Junction, Vt., 101. Evaiiston, Utah, 271. Evansvilie, Ind., 219. Exeter, N. H., 125. F. Fairfax Court-House, Ya., 183. Fall River, Mass., 113, 114. Falls of the Ammonoosuc, N. H., 134. Falls of the Chaudiere, Can., 244. 253. Falls of Cohoes, N. Y., 7] . Falls of tie Genesee, N. Y., 77- Falls, Glen Eilis, Is. H., 131. Falls, Glenn'rf, N. Y., 95. Falls, Kauterskiil, N. Y., 69. Falls of Mmnehaha, Minn,, 239. Falls of Niagara, 77,78, 242. Falls, Passaic, 59, 84. Falls of the Potomac, D. C, 182. Falls, Eideau, Can., 244, 245. Falls of the Sawkiil, N. Y., 86. Falls of St. Anne, Can., 247. Falls of SL Anthony, Mmu., 239. Falls of Trenton, N. Y., 75. Falls of the Yo Semite. Cal., 275. Fannington, N. IL, 129. Ftshkill Landing, N. Y., 66. Fitchburg, Mass., 140. Flemington, N. J., 207c Florence, S. C, 189. Florida Resorts, 196a, 1966 Flume, The (and House), N. H., 142. Fonda, N. Y., 74. Foiest, O., 210. Fort Bridger, Utah, 267. ' Fort Dodge, Iowa. 262, 264 Fort Hamilton, N. Y.. 58. Fortlloward, Wis.,261. FortMassasauga, Can., 257. Fort Niagara, N. Y., 257. Fort Plain, N. Y., 74, Fort Saunders, Wyo., 270. Fort Schuyler, N. Y., 111. Fort Sedgwick, Neb., 265. Fort Snelling, Minn., 239. Fort AVashington, Ya., 185. Fort Wavne, Ind , 201, 211,224, 227, 235. 262. Fortress Monroe, Ya.. 169. Four Lakes, Wis., 238. Foxboro, Mass., 110. Framingham, Mass., 107. Franconia Notch, N. IL, 134. Frankford, Pa., 148. Franklinton, Md., 168. Frederick, Md., 170. Fredericsburg, Ya., 185. Fredericton, i^, P., 259. Freehold, N. J., 149. Freeport, I1L,237,261,263. Freeport, Pa., 200. Fremont, O., 227. INDEX. Fremont, Neb., 268. Freacliinan's Bay, Can., 242. G. Galena, 111., 239» Gait, Cal., 2-Qk. Galveston, Texas, 192, 194. Gananoque, Can., 243. Garrison's Landing, K. Y., 64. Gatineau River, Can., 245. Genesee Falls, N. Y,, 77. Geneva, N. Y., 77. Genoa, 111., 237. Georgetown, Cal., 270. Georgetown, D. C, 1^2. Georgetown, Mass., 124. Germantown, Pa., 159. Geysers, The, Cal., 27t;A-,2'S'C3. Girara, Pa., 226. Glen Allen, Mo., 221. Glencoe, Can,, 232. Glen Cove, L. I., 01. Glen Ellis Fails, N. II., 131. Glen House, N. II., 131. Glenn's Falls, N. Y., 95. Godericli, Can., 232. 240, Golden City, Cal.. 266. Gold Hill, Nev., 269. Goshen. Va., 189(Z, 180(2. Gordonsville. Va., 183. 186. 189g. Gorham, N. H., 102, 1^7,251. Gosport Navy Yard, Ya., 169. Grafton, Mass., 107. Grand Haven, Mich., 227, 235. Grand Island, Neb., 269. Grand Junction, Iowa, 262. Grand Rapids, Mich., 235. Granger, Utah, 267. Granite Canon. Wyo., 270. Grass Valley, Cal., 270. Great American Desert, 268. Great Bend, N. Y., 87, 229. Great Falls, N. H., 125. Great Nevada Sandy Desert, 269. Great Salt Lake, Utah, 268. Green Bay, Wis , 215, 261. Greenbush, N. Y., 70- Greenfield, Mass., 140. Greenport, L. I., 61. Green River, Wyo., 271. Greensboro, N. C, 188. Greensburg, Pa., 200. Greenwich, East, R. I., 109. Greenwood Lake. N. Y., 85. Grenville, Can,, 246. Greycourt, N. Y.,. 85. Grimsby. Can., 231. Grinnell, Iowa, 263. Groton,. Ct., 108. • Gro ton Junction, Mass., 136, 140. Grout's Corners,. Mass., 140. Guelph, Can., 232, 242. Gnnnowder ]River Bridge, Md«, 164 Haclkettstown. N. J., 60, 228. Ha Ha Bav, Can., 256. Halifax, N. iS., 250, '^r^^. Hamilton, Can., "/I'il, 241. Hamilton, O., 210. Hampton Junction. K. J., 207, 228. Hampton, N. H., 125. Hampton and Roads), Va , 169, Hancock, N. Y., 86. Hannibal, Bio., 239. Hanover, Md., 171. Hanover, Va., 163. Harper's Ferry, W. Va., ITO, 171. 183, 189, 201. Habtfoed, Ct., 105. Harrieooturg, Va., 1835. Harbisbukg, Pa., 160, 163,^ 198, 209. Harvard University, 120. HaverMU., Mass., 124. Havana, Cuba, 194. Havre de Grace, Md.. 162, 103» Hawkesbury, Can,, 246, Hazard, Wyo., 270. Hazleton, Pa., 209. Helena, Nev., 268. Henderson, Ky., 219. Herkimer, N. Y., 74. Hermitage, the, Teun., 219. Hickford Junction, Va., 189. Highlands of Navesinii, 59, Highlands of the Hudson, 63« Hightstown, N. J., 150. Hillsdale, Mich., 227. Hillsdale, Wyo., 270. Hoboken, N. J.,58. Homewood, Pa., 210. Honesdale, Pa., 229. Hoosic Tunnel, Mass., 136, Horicon, Wis., 237. Hornellsville, N. Y., 89. Hudson, Can., 247. Hudson, N. Y., 70. Hvannis, Mass., 122. Hyde Park, N. Y., 67. vt INDEX. I. Indiana, Pa., 200. India (to), 273, iNDiANOi'OLis, Ind., 20aa. 218, 223. lone City. Cal., 274, Iowa City, Iowa, 263. Island Pond, 127, 251, 253, 255. Isle of Siioals, N. II,, 125. Iron Mountain, Mo,, 221. Ironton, Mo , 221. Irvineton, Pa,, 230. Ithaca, N, Y., 88. S, Jackson, Cal , 274. Jackson, Micli., 235. Jackson, Miss., 194, Jacksonville, 111,, 224. Jamaica, L, I., 61, Jamesburg, N, J,, 149. Jamestown (ruins), Va., 1^. Janesville, Wis., 215, 237. Japan (to), 273, Jeirerson City, Mo., 223. Jeffersonville, Ind , 218 .lersey City, N. J., i44, 197. .Tolmsonville, Tenn., 22u, Joiinstowu, Pa.. 199. Joliet, 111., 224, 262» Jonesville, Micli., 227. Julesburg, Neb,, 269. K. Kalamazoo, Micli,, 227, 234, 225. Kauterskill Falls, 69. Kearney (and Fort; Keb., 2G9. Keene, N. U., 140, Keeseville, N, Y., 100. Eel ton, Utah, 272. Kenoslia, Wis., 237. Kennebunk, Me., 125. Kensington, Pa., 148. Keokuk, Iowa, 239, 281, 262, 254. Kinderliook, N. Y., 70. Kingston, Can., 2'13.j 257. Kingston, N, Y., 67. K.ngsville, S, C, 191. Kitiery, Maine, 125. Knoxville, Tenn.. 1&3, 195, 219. Komoka, Can., 232. I... Lachine, Can., 247. lUiCliLue Rapids, Can., 250. Lackawaxen, N. Y., 88. L'l Crosse, Wis,, 239. Lafayette., Ind., 211. Lafayette College. 208. Lagrange, Ky., 217. Lake Cliamplain. 99. Lake Donner, Cal,, 270/, Lake George, 95, Lake Hopateong. 60, 22S. Lake Maliopac, CO. Lake Mempliremagog, Can., 121, 138, 140, Lake Pepin, Minn,, 239, Lake Pouctiartrain, La., 194. Lake Simcoe, Can., 242. Lake St. Charles, Can., 253, 254. Lake St. Clair, 233, Lake St. Louis, Can., 247. Lake St, Peter, Can,. 123. Lake Superior, 215, 240. Lake Superior Copper Regions, 240. Lake Superior Iron Regions, 240. ' Lake Tahoe, Cal., 276/, Lake Winnepesaukie, 125, 12t?. Lake 01 tlie Two Mountains, Cau., 247. Lambertviile, N, J,, 207, Laniokin Junction, Pa., 162. Lancaster, Pa-, 160. 197. L'Ance a I'Eau, Can., 255. Lanesborougli, N. Y., S7. Lansing, Mfcli., 235. Lansingburgli, N. Y., 71. Laporte, Ind., 227. La Prairie. Can., 100, Laramie, Wyo., 270. La Salle, 111., 263. LatliroB, cal., 273, 2763. Laurel, Md., 171. Lawrence, Mass., 122, 134, 136 Lawrenceville, Pa , 200, Lawton, Micli., 236. Lazaretto, Tlie, Pa., I02. Lebanon, Pa., 198, 209. Lebanon Springs, !>J. Y., 70, Leesburg, Va., 183, Leetonia, 0., 210, Lennoxville, Can., 135, Le Roy. N. Y., 77, Lewes, Del., 163. Lewiston, N. Y., 242, 257. Lewiston, Pa., 199. LexiiiRton, Ky., 217. Lexington, Va., 189/ Lima, O., 211, 227. Lincoln, Neb., 5:62. INDEX. vii LTslet, Can., 254. Little Falls, N. Y., 74. Little Rock, Ark., 2:^0. Littleton, N. H., 102, 139, 140. Lock Haven, Pa., 199, 230. Lockport, N. Y.. 77. Logansport, Ind., 211, 224, 227. Loudou, Can., 232. London, (>., 203. Lou!? BranjCli,N. J., 59, 149, 150, 161. Long Sault Rapid?, Can., 24&. Lookout Mountain, 196. Loreite, Can., 2o3. L'Original, Can., 246. Louisville, Ky.. 211, 217, 221, Lovelan<), 0., 204. Lowell, Mass., 121, 124, 136. Lundy'sLane, Can., 81. Lyme, Cr., 208. Lyme, E. A S., Ct., lOS. Lynn, Mass.,_121, 122 Lynchburgh. Ya., IS^g^ 195. Lyons, N.' Y., 77. Macon, Ga., 191. Madison, N. J., 228. Madison, Wis., 215, 237, 261. Major's, Can , 246. Maiden, N, Y., 68. Maiden (So.) Mass., 122. Mallory Town, Can., 243. Mammotli Cave of Kentucky, 218. Manassas Junction. Ya.. 183, 195. Mancliester, N. IL, 124, 1 37. Mankato, Mmn , 2S8. Blansfield, IMass.. 110. Mansfield, O , 210. Mantua Junction, Pa., 197. Manunkachunk, N. J„ 228, 229. Marietta, O., 204. Mariposa Ronte, CaL, 2767l\ Marshall, Iowa, 263. Marshall, Mich., 235. Martinsbnrg. Va.. 189a. Martha's Vineyard. Mass., 123. Marquette, Lake Superior, 2i0. Marysviile, Cal., 270, 273. Mason City, Iowa, 262, 253. Massillon, 0., 210. Mast Hope, N. Y., 86. McGregor, Iowa, 238. McKenzie, Tenn., 2^0. McPherson (and Fort), Neb,, 269. Meaiord, Mass., 12-1. Medina, N. Y., 77. Memphis Junction. Ky.. 219. Memphis, Tenn.. 194, 196, 219, 220. Mendota, 111., 263. Mendota Junction, Minn., 238. Meredith Village, N. H., 101, 133. Meriden, Ct . 105. Meridian, Miss., 196. Merrimac River and Valley, 135. Michigan Citv. Midi., 236. Middleburj', Vt., 101. Middlctown, N. Y., 85. [104, 108. Middh'towii, /and Portland), Ct., Milford, Va., 136. MiliYille, N. J.. 15&. Smton, Pa., 229. Millburo, Va .-i89e. Milrov. Pa.,199. Milwaukie, Wis., 215, 237, 239, 261. Mineral Point, Mo., 221. Mtnao Junction, 0., 202. Mmneapolis, Mmn., 238. Minnehaha, Min.. 238. Mississ ppi. Montlis of, 194. Missonri Valley Junction, Iowa, 262. Mobile, Ala., 19:3, 196. Modesta, Cal., 275. Mohawk Valley, N. Y., 73. Mokf Inmne Hiil. Cal., 2T6^\ Monmouth Junction, ]\'. J.. 149. Monoeacv (and Yaley), Md., 170. MonroeviUe, O., 227. Monson, Mass., 130. Montere}% Cal., 273. MONTGOiiEKY, Ala., 191, 19€, 220. IMouticello, Va., 183. Montmorenci. Falls of. Can., 253. Montpelier, Vt., 140. Ml. Muscatine, Iowa, 263. Mystic, Ct., 109. N. Nahant, Mass, 121. Napanee, Can., 243. Narrowsburg, N. Y., 86. Nashville, Tenn., 191, 219. Nashua, Mass., 122, 124. Natick, Mass., 107. Natural Bridge, Va., 189/", 19S. ,Nauvoo, 111., 239. Nebraska City, Neb., 262. Nevada, Cnl , 270. New Almaden Mines, Cal., 273. Newark, N. J., 59, 14-1, 197, 22S. Newark, O., 202. New Baltimore, N. Y., 70. New Bediord, Mass., 122. New Brighton, S. I., 59. New Bkukswick, N. J., 146, 197. New Buffalo. Mich., 236. Newburgh, N. Y., 67. Newburyport, Mass., 124. Newcastle (and Junction), Del., 163. Newcastle, Pa., 210. New Durham, N. H.. 129. New Haven, Ct., 104, 107. New Lisbon, O. , 210. New London, Ct., 108, 114, 136, 139. Newmarket Junction, N. H., 125. Newmarket, N. IL, 125. Neav Orleans, La., 193, 106. 223, 239. Newport, Ky . 204. Newport, R. I., ill. Newport, Vt., 138, 140. Newton, N J., 228. New Yopk City, 4'2— Harbor, 43 — Stieets, 47 — Museums, 48 — Libraries, 48— Public Galleries, 48— Educational Institutions, 49 — Monuments, 50— Antiquities, .^0— Churches, 51— Public Build- ings. 52— Commercial Buildings, ^53— Private Dwellings. 54— Hotel Buildings (Hotels),54— Theatres, 55— Churches for Service, 56— Public Grounds, 57— Ferries, 57 —Street-Car Routes, ?8— Cen- tral Park, 60— Prospect Park, 61 — Gri'enwoofl, 61a — Excur- sioi:s, &\b to 61/. Niagara Falls, 77, '789 242. Niagara (Village), N. Y.. 257. Niles, Cal., 273. Niles, Mich., 236. Norfolk, Va., 163 168. Norristown, Pa.. 160. North Adams, Mass., 140. North Bend, Neb., 268. North Platte, Neb., 269. Nor walk, Ct., 103. Norwich, Ct., 114, 136, 138>. O. Oak Hill, N. Y.. 68. Oakland, Cal, 273, 2T6a. Oakyill-e, Can., 241. Oberlin, O., 227. Ogallala, Neb, 269. Og den, Utah, 272, 275. Ogdensburgh, N. Y., 76, 244, 245 258: Oil City, Pa., 201, 230. Oil Regions, Pa., 89, 201, 226. 230. Old Man of the Mountain, N. 11., 141. Old Point Comfort, Va , 169. Oleopolis, Pa., 230. Omaha, Neb., 216, 223, 262, 26 5-. 273. Ontonagon, Lalce Superior, 240. Orange Court House, Va., 183. Orange, N. J., 228. Oregon City, Oregon, 273. Orient, L. I., 61. Orleans, Island of. Can., 254. Oroville, Cal., 273. Orville, 0., 210. Osino, Nev., 272. Oswego. N. Y.. 76. Otsego Lake, N. Y., 74, Ottawa, Can , 243, 244, 250, 258. Ottumwa, Iowa, 262. 264. Overleok Mountain House, 67. Owatona, Minn., 238. Owego, N. Y., 88. P. Paducah (and Junction), Ky., 220 PaiuesviUe, Pa, 226. INDEX. IX Palatine Bridge, N. Y., 74. PalisacleiNev.,272. Palisades, the Hudson, 63. Palmer, Mass., 106, 139. Palmyra, N. Y., 77. Panama, Cent. Amer., 273. Paradise, Idaho, 269. Paris, Can., 232. Parma, Mich., 235. Passaic Falls. 59, 84. Paterson, N, J., 58, 8 3. »awtucket, R. I., 110. .Pealis of Otter, Va., 195. Pekin, 111., 224. Pemberton, N. J., 150. Pfc^sacola, Fla., 192. Peoria, HI., 211,224,263. Pequop. Nev.,272, Percy, AVvo., 270. Perth Aniboy, N. J., 149. Peterboro, Can., 243. Petersburg, Ya.,' 189. Petrolia, Can,, 232. Philadelphia, Pa., 151-Streets. 152— Public BailrtmiTS, 153— Au- tiquitie?, 154— Pablic Ground^, 155— Fairmount. 155 — ceuteii- nial Grounds, 156 — Ch re ties, 159 — Librai ies, 160 — Theatres, etc., 160— Hotels, 161— Route-^. to Places o! Interest, 161— Excur- sions, l61cZ— Navy Yard, IQld— Arsenals, I'Sld — Laurel Hill Cemetery, I6irf— The Wissahic-.k- on, 161«— Germantown, ISi^?— Valley Forj^e, '^c, 161/— Longer Excursions; \Q\q. Phihpsburg. N. J., 207. '?ictou, K. 8., 200. Pictured Rocks, Lake Superior, 240. Piermont. N. Y., 63. Pike's PeaK, Col., 266. Pilot Knob., Mo., 221. Pino Bluff-. Neb., 270. Pinkham Notch, N. H., 131. PUhole (and Creek") Pa.. 230. Pittsburg, Pa,, 170, aoo. 202, 226, 262. Pittstieid, Mass., 139. Pi'tston, Pa., 208, 229. Placerville, cal.-, 270. Plainfield, Ct . 115. Plamfleld N. J., 206. Plattsburpr, N. Y,, 99. Plum Creek, Neb., 269. Plymouth, Ind., 211. Plymoutn, Mas"., 122. Plymouth, N. II.. 138. Plymouth, Wis.. 238. Pointe-aux-Anglais, Can., 247, Point Levi, Can., 128, 251, 25i. Point of Rocks, Md., 170, 189. Point St. Charles, Caa., 249, 250. Pollard, Ala., 192. Pond Creek, 111., 263. Portage City. Wis , 237. Portage, N. Y., 89. Port Deposit, Md., 162. Port Hope, Can., 242. Port Huron, Midi., 234. Port Jervis, N. Y., 85. Portland, Me., 102, 126, 250, 251, 253, 255. Portland, Oregon, 268, 273. Port Sarnia, Can , 232. Portsmouth, N. H., 125, 137. Portsmouth, Va., (Naval Depot)', 169. Port Stanley, Can., 232. Potomac Falls, D. C, 183, Potosi, Mo., 221. Ponghkeepsic, N. Y., 67. Prairie du Chien, Wis., 215, 238- 239. Prescott, Can.. 243, 245, 258. Princeton, N. J., 147. Profile House, N. H., 134, 189, 140, 141. Promontory Point, Utah, 272. Providence, R. L, 109, 115. Pnt-in-Bay Islands, (Lake Erie), 234. Putnam, Ct., 115. Quebec, Can., 128, 138, 250, 351, 255, 256. Queenston, Can., 81, 257. Qdincy, 111 , 224, 263 R. Racine, "Wis., 237. RahAvay, N. J., 14fi, 197. Raleigh, N. C, 189. Ramapo Gap and Valley, N. J., 85. Ramsey, Minn., 238. Reading, Mass., 124. Reading, Pa., 197, 198, 20S, 209, 229. Readville, Mass., 110, X INDEX, Ked Bant, S. J,, 59. lied AViiig, Minn., 23!). Pveno, iSTev., 27:i. Eenova, Pa., 230. Phinebeck, N, Y., 67. nice Lake, Can., 243. Pachniond, Can., 128, 251, 253, 255. Pachmoud, O., 204. P^iCHMOND, Va., 169, 183, 186, 205. Eideau Falls, Can,, 244, 245. Ridgeway Junction. N. C, ISO. Biviere du Lonp, Can., 128, 251, 253, 254, 256. Rochester, JST. H., 125, 129. Rochester, jST. T., 77. Rochester, Pa., 202, 210. Rockaway, K J., 2-28. Rockbiidjje Springs and Baths, Ya., IB'Je, 189/. Rock Island.lll ,225, 239,261,263. Rockland Lake. 63. Rome, N. Y., 76. Rondout, ISr, Y., 67. Rouse's Point, Vt., 100, 140, 244, 250. Routes : No. 1.— Northern. New York to West Point, Catskill, Albany, Troy, Utica, Trenton Falls, Ro- chester and Niagara Falls — 62 to 82. No. 2.— Northern. New York to Paterson, Upper Delaware, Up- per Susquehanna, Binghamton, Elmira, Buffalo and Niagara Falls (Erie Railway)— 83 to 90. No. 3 —Northern. New York to Albany, Saratoga, Lake George, Adirondack Mountains, Lake Champlain, Vermont cities, and Monireal— 9 1 to 103. No. 4.— Eastern. New York to New Haven, Hartford, Spring- field, Providence, Nt'wport, New London, Stonington and Boston (options)— 103 to 123. No. 5 — Eastern. Boston to Ports- mouth, Portland, White Moun- tains, Quebec, or Montreal— 124 to 128. No. 6 — Northern and Eastern. Boston to Lake Winnepesankie, White Mountains, Portland and Canadian cities — 129 to 135. No. 7. — Northern and Eastern. New York to New London, Norwich, Worcester, New Hampshire cities, Lake Win- nepesankie and theWhiteMoun- tains— 136 to 143. No. 8. — Near Western New York to New Jersey cities and Phila- delphia— 144 to 161. No. 9. — Western and Southern. Philadelphia to AVilm'n (Del.), , Bait., Wash'n and Richm'd— 162 to 188. No. 9 >g.— Special Virginian. Bait, or Wash'n to Virginia Springs, Mountains, &c., to Lynchburg and Richm'd— 189 to 189gr. No. 9%. — Western and South- western. Wash'n or Bait, to Cumberland, Graft'n and Wheel* ing and Cbicago and St. Louis. No. 10. — South- Western, Pdchm d to Kaleigh, Wilm'n (N. C), Charleston, Atlanta, ISIontg., Mobile and N. O— 189i to 19-i. No. 11.— South- Western. liich- moud to Lynchburg, Knoxville, Chattanooga, Afol)ile and ^'ew Orleans— 195 to 196. No. 11>2. — Southern. Richmond to Charleston or Savannah, and to Jacksonville, St. Ansustino and Floi ida Eesorts— 196«, 196?^. No. J 2. — Western. New York or Philadelphia to Haiiisburg, Pittsburg. Wheeling,Cohimbus, Cincinnati, St. Louis or Chica- go, (Penn. R.R.) 197 to 205. ]vjo .13. — Western. New York to Plainfield, Somerville, Easton, Allentown, Harrisburg, Pitts- burg, Fort Wayne and Chicago, (Allentown Rnute)— 206 to 216. No. 14. — Western. Cincinnati to Louisville, Mammoth Cave of Ky., Nashville, Cairo, St. Louis, and Chicago- 217 to 225. No. 1.=).— Northern and Western. Buffalo to Erie, Cleveland, To- ledo and other Ohio cities, Cin- cinnati or Chicago — 226 to 227. ■]So. 16.— Northern. New York or Phil a. to Dover, Morristown, Del. Water-Gap, Coal, Lumber and Oil Regions, &c.,— 228 to 230. No. 17.— Canadian and Western. Niagara Falls to St. Catherine's, Hamilton, Paris, London, Cana- da, Oil Regions, Detroit, Ann Arbor, Kalamazoo and Chica- go— 231 to 236. No. 18.~North-Western, Chicago to Racine, Milwaukee, Madison, INDEX, XL Prairie du Cliien, St. Paul, and Falls of Minnehaha and St. An- thony, (with optional return by the Mississippi or Lake Supe- rior)— 237 to 240. Ko. 19.— Canadian, Niagara Falls to St. Catherine's, Hamilton, Toronto, Kingston, Prescott, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec and the Sagiienay River— 241 to 256. No, 20.— Canadian. Niagara Falls to Toronto, Kingston, Thousand Islands, Kapids of the St. Law- rence, Montreal and Quebec, by steamers •. and to Halifax, St. John, Fredericton, Windsor, Sidney, Shedlac, Charlotte- Town, Pictou and Bathurst. — 257 to 2«0. No. 21.— Far Western, Chicago to Council Bluffs, Omaha, Chey- enne, Ogden Salt Lake City, Sa- cramento, San Francisco, the Big Trees, Yosemite Valley, &c. —261 to TiQj. Rupert, Pa., 229. Rutland, Vt.. 101, 140. Rje Beach, N. H., 125. S. Sacramento, Cal., 273, 211 Qa. Saginaw, Mich., 234. Saguenay River, Can., 255. Salamanca, Pa., 89, 226, 230. Salem, Mass., 122. Salem, 0., 210. Salisbury, Md., 163. Salmon Falls, N, H., 125. Salmon-Trout Lake, Can., 243. Salt Lake City, Utah, 216, 223, 275, 276c?. San Antonio, Cal , 273. Sandusky, 0., 202, 205, 210, 227. Sandwich Islands, 273. Sandy Hook, 59. San Francisco, Cal., 273, 27 6«. —Streets, 276&.— Public Build- ings, 2766.— Churches, 2766.— Theatres, 2766.— Hotel!*, 2766.— Kxcuisjons, 276c —Lone Moun- tain Cenittery, 276c —Cliff House 276c.— Mission Dolores, 276c.— Presidio and Fort Point, 276c.— Longer Excursions, 276c. San Jose, Cal., 273, 27 6a. San Luis, Cal., 273. San Quentin, Cal.. 273. Santa Barbara, Cal., 273. Santa Fe, NewMex., 266. Saranac Lakes, N. Y.. 100. Saratoga Springs. 91, 92, 140. Saucelito. Cal., 273. Sault St. Marie, 240. Savage, Mel., 171. Savannah, Ga., 190. Saybrook (and Junction), Ct., 108. Schenectady, N. Y., 74. Schooley's ilountain.N. J., 60.228. Schroon Lake, N. Y., 96 Schuyler, Neb., 269. Scranton, Pa., 207, 208, 229. Seconnet (Point), R. I., 112. Sexton's Junction, Va , 186. Sharon Springs (route to), 74. Shasta (and Butte), Cal., 273. Shawangunk Mt., N. Y., 85. Shediac, N. B., 259. Shelbyville, Ky., 217. Sherbrooke. Can., 127. Sherman, Wyo., 270. Shohola. N. Y., 86. Sidney, C. B.,259. Sidney, Neb., 270. Silver City, Idaho, 269. Sing Sing, N. Y., 63. Sioux City, Iowa, 262, 264. Skowhegan, Me., 127. Sloatsburg, N. Y., 85. South Aniboy, N. J ., 149. South Bend, Ind., 227, 235, South Berwick Junction, Me., 125. South Pass, Wyo., 267. South Reading (Junction), Mass., 124. South Trenton, N. Y,, 75. South Vernon, Vt., 140. Somerville, Mass., 122. Somerville, N. J., 207. Sonora, Cal.. 274. Sparta, Ky., 217. Spotswood, N. J., 149. Spkingfield, 111., 224, 227, 261, 263, Springfield, Mass., 106. Springfield, 0,, from Xenia, 203. Staflbrd, Ct., 139. St. Albans, Vt., iDl, 244. Stamford, Ct.. 103^^ Stanhope, N, J., 528. St. Anne's, Can., 247, 254. Staumon, Va.. ima. " Stanstead, Can., 127. xii INDEX, St. Anthony (and Falls of), Minn., 215, 239. Starruca Viaduct, N. Y., 87. Stateii Island, 59. Staunton, Va., 186, 195. St. Catharine's, Can., 231, 241. St. Clair River and Lake, 240. St. CloiKl.Miun., 239. Steubenvilie, 0., 202, 210. Stevenson, Ala , 219. St. Gre 10s. — return, ^6 10s. ; total, £13. Time not on board ship, about three weeks; board, for that time, average of £1 15s. per week, £5 5s. Expenses of sight-seeing about New York, Boston and Philadelphia, with convey- ance to each, during that period, i£5. Occasional necessary conveyance, the feet being principally trusted to, £3. Incidental expenses, liberally cal- culated, £L Total, £32. £10 to £12 more would enable the cheap tourist to visit Niagara Falls, 13 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. greatest of American natural curiosities, and see at least one or two cities of the Queen's dominions in Canada. Grand total, with that included, £42 to £45; with a certainty that any economical person, in good health and temper, could come v/ithin the smaller sum named, and even reduce it, without other inconvenience than carefully adhering to the cheaper rates of conveyance corresponding to that of the ocean transit. How many comparatively-poor men ara there with longing and hopeless desires after seeing other coun- tries than their own, who never make any calcula- tion or effort to such an end, and yet who could and would compass it if they fairly understood the com- parative trifle for which so much might be enjoyed ! One of the greatest of American travelers, Mr. Bayard Taylor, made his first European excursion under cu'cumstances quite as illiberal as anything here indicated — "did" Great Britain and a very con- siderable portion of the Continent on foot, except Tfith rare instances of rifling, and remained abroad something like two years, his whole expenditure being only about $500 (say £105), and the fortunate result of his travel tl^at successful volume " Yiews- a-foot; or, Europe seen with Knapsack and Staff," And it is very doubtful whether in any portion of his later experience, in all descriptions of traveling "state," up to that of Secretar}'' of Legation at St. Petersburg, he has ever enjoyed his wanderings bet- ter than when making that first essay as a poor COST AJSfD TIME OF TRIPS. 13 boy. As a pleasant pendant to which, the "writer recalls having met, not many months ago, in the streets of New York, an English workman from /Sheffield, spending a little of his moderate surplus- earnings in seeing what he called " a tidy bit of the New "World," and one of the most intelligent of travelers on many subjects of interest and enquiry — whose expenditure, as given by himself, would not reach within ten per cent, of the figures above given, while he was healthy, happy and entirely comfortable in what his saving expenditure allowed him to secure and enjoy. But the figures already given represent, of course, the minimum possibility of travel in any desirable part of America, compatible with even the decencies of life, without too many of its comforts; and, it is, equally of course, with that class of people standing midway between the possible steerage-passenger and the traveler en prince, that we have next and princi- pally to do. The most important question of this paper is — What need he the expenses and the time consumed for a certain round, of a traveler going first-class and demanding all the comforts^ and yet indisposed to waste money on costly luxuries ? To answer that question, then, as intelligibly as may be consistent with brevity. For six to seven weeks' absence from home, visit- ing New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, "Washington, one or two of the most noted water- ing-places, Niagara Falls, and one or two of the cities of Canada — only 14 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. Ticket to New York and return, £36 to £60 — say an average of £48, for which, all necessary comfort and quite sufficient " style" can be secured. Average board of the three weeks off-ship, £3 to £4 per week — say £10 10s. Traveling expenses, railway and carriage fares, etc., £30. Maps, pictures, curio- sities, etc., (not at all necessary, but inevitable), £10. Incidental expenses, for which no name can be given ; money to guides, beggars, stewards and servants; money lost and wasted, with an occasional indulgence in a luxury, not including costly wines or " society," gambling or other vices — £15. Total, £113 10s- £12 to £15 or possibly £18, may easily be saved from this, by a very careful person, leaving the expenditure about £100; and a person at all the reverse of careful may quite as easily add a corres- ponding sum, making the expenditure, with tio greater amount of travel or sight-seeing, £125 to £130, For ten weeks' absence, an estimate of £50 addi- tional may safely be made, bringing the total outlay up to say £160 10s; and this will secure, in addition to the round already named, an extension of the tour through the "White and Green Mountains of the north-east, with Saratoga, Lake George, and Lake "Winnepisaukie; or it will add the great Coal Regions of Pennsylvania, Cincinnati, and other cities of Ohio, with Chicago, and glimpses of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes. For three months' (thirteen or fourteen weeks) COST AND TIME OF TBIPS. 15 absence, another i250 may "be added, bringing the amount up to say £200 or £210; and with this all the foregoing may be done, -with the addition of the " North-West,'' now found in the States bordering the Upper Missouri, with the Lake Superior region, and a much more extended visit to the cities of Canada, and the natural curiosities of the Domin- ion; or, it will enable the tourist (if the season should be a proper one for Southern travel) to go southward from Washington to Eichmond, Charles- ton, Savannah and New Orleans, with their inter- mediate towns and a general view of what is technically known in. the United States as "the South." Four months will add to this £50 to £00 of| ex- penditure, bringing up the outlay to £200 or £280, and permitting the pursuance of some of the routes named, more at leisure, as well as the addition of others of the watering-places, if the visit is paid in the proper season. And within the same time may even be managed a run over the Pacific Railroad, to Salt Lake City, San Francisco, and the great natural curiosities of California, with a view of the Pacific — though five months would be a more rational cal- culation for the whole time of absence. "With the California route added, the expenditure will be found materially increased from all the previous cal- culations — say £100 additional for that alone; the amount necessary for the four-to-live-months trip, with Pacific excursion crowning it, being some- where within the range from £360 to £380 or £400, 16 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. and half of the continent travelled over in that time and at that cost. At this point the phrase "short-trip" may be said to be exhausted; for only people of liberal means and abundant leisure are likely to go far beyond in any one visit, and to them these calcula- tions possess only limited interest; though even they may find a certain advantage in bestowing that sHght amount of study on the subject, necessary to secure a proper knowledge of time to be spent and money used to the best purpose. PREPARATIONS FOR THE TRIP TO AMERICA. The following paper, like some of the others to come after it, is especially intended for those who have never before crossed the Atlantic; and, conse- quently, some of the advice tendered in it may seem very primitive to those who have already taken their degree, however low a one, in the academy of traveling experience. The suggestion may prop- erly be added, however, that even some of those who have taken that degree may find themselves none the worse for reading over these hints, even if they do so to dissent from them. An apology may need to be made, too, for the direct and conversa- tional style adopted in this and some other papers : the aim of the writer is, in this regard, to come as near as possible to the words and manner that would be used in a personal conversation, with one of the parties doing much more than half of the talking. It may be proper, too, with reference to this paper and those succeeding, to say that the writer speaks almost entirely from personal experience — and that where that experience has failed, it has been eked out, not often through the means of books, but from the personal hints and relations of frequent and experienced travelers. For himself, the writer, 18 SEOBT-TRIP GUIDE. in repeated and extended travel on both continents, has made, first and last, nearly all the mistakes against which in the present instance he attempts to guard others, and felt the necessity for some in- struction like that which he now endeavors to im- part, on almost every point touched upon. So much said, the promise of the paper must be kept, in a brief but comprehensive list of rules connected with the preparation for transatlantic voyages, and es- pecially for those first voyages which more or less imitate Columbus. 1st. Decide whether you can afford time and money to go at all, taking into consideration the before-urged opportunities for economy. Also, de- cide whether, in going, you leave too much of anx- iety, personal or pecuniary, for fair enjoyment; for there is an old adage about the absentee who. " drags with each remove a lengthening chain," and thera are not charms enough, even in the natural scenery and odd character-studies of the New World, to make such a trip "pay," when the heart or the busi- ness-powers must be left at home. So much decided, and in the affirmative, then 2nd. Having made up your mind, stick to the resolution. Arrange your time of going, and make everything work to accommodate that — not leave that to accommodate itself to everything. Gener- ally, in this as in everything else in life, too long anticipation is not the healthiest or the most profit- able, and a voyage not canvassed over for five years PREPARATIONS. 19 in advance is likely to yield more pleasure than one submitted to that length of speculation. Above all things never boast that you are going, when you feave merely ^/iow(//i^ of going Sindi made no definite decision; as unpleasant consequences may often re- '^ult, in the event of the projected voyage being abandoned, and the suspicion may sometimes creep into the minds of acquaintances, either that there was "bounce" in the original statement, or that some heart-failure at the last moment has induced the abandonment. 3d. Having resolved upon time of going and probable duration of trip, and selected the line of steamers by which the outward voyage is to be made, do not permit the paltry folly of wishing to keep a certain number of pounds for a few days longer in pocket, to prevent the early taking of a passage. The best state-rooms of any fa', orite steam- ship are likely to be first taken up; and even in the event of any unexpected hindrance occurring, there is rarely any difficulty in disposing of a well-located berth, while most of the companies, at any time be- fore the "eleventh hour," will transfer the pass:n- ger from one steamer to a later one, if a change of time is all the deviation from the original plan rendered necessary. 4th. If suddenly-occurring events happen to have changed the calculation in the other direction, and the plan of going is formed almost at the very moment wheoi some favorite steamer is about to 20 SEOBI-TBIP GUIDE. sail, never heed the stories so likely to be told, that "the steamer is full and you cannot get a place!" There is nearly always room for "one passenger more," as there is in most land convey^m es ; and if the worst comes to the worst, it is a very rare casa when some of the officers of the ship cannot be found ready to give np a room for the run, at the inducement of no-very-large addition to the price of the passage^ticket. These are suggestions for ex- treme cases, however : as before said, passage had much better be taken early, whenever possible, for reasons ah^eady stated or about to be. 5th. In selecting berths, when a good opportu- nity for choice remains, always aim to get as near as possible to the midships of the vessel — a consid- eration of not much consoquence to old voyagei's with strong nerves, but of great importance to landsmen, as every fojt of distance from the waist iacreases the amount of motion in a heavy sea; and not only is the danger of sea-sickness less amid- ships, but the chances of having sleep broken by the "pitch" of a "head" or "following" sea are proportion ably decreased when so located. The same principle applies, in a less degree, to the question of outside or inside rooms (those inside or outside of the alleyways). There is much less effect from the " roll," in a " beam " sea, for those occupy- ing inner berths ; but there is always much les8 light for reading or any ot ler purpose, arid the one Advantage will probably balance the other, except PMBPARA2I0NS. %l in wintes' passages, when the inner rooms are alto- gether preferable. 6th. Kg guide-book, until veryla'ely, ever con* tain ed a hint of the advice to be embodied in this paragraph; and yet there is no word of counsel, of the whole, more important. Unless that miserable being, a "man of letters," and thus compelled to be always reading — there are few intending voyagers, male or female, who will not be the better for a lit- tle "readiug up" as to any country about to be visitecL A fresh glance at the Atlas, to see how the different sections lie and the relation which they bear to each other, is almost indispensable, even to some of us who flitter ourselves (before we think the second time) that we learned our geography in early life, and have kept pretty well up with it ever since. This rule, as already hinted, applies to travel and to travelers in all countries, but to no othor geographical division of the earth's surface with the same force as to the New World, and especially to that covered by the Great Hepublic of the West, where change seems the rule, and where the altera- tions of boundaries and names, within the past few years, have been almost as startling as those effected in political status and society. Upon the relative positions of different States, the names of their capitals and chief cities, their rivers and natural wonders, and even their commercial and industrial features, it is exceedingly profitable to be as well as possible freshened in advance; and the s^me remark 22 SHOETTPdP GUIDE. obviously applies with equal force to tlie main facts of history and the more important points in estab- lished or current literature. And to the latter sug- gestion a few words of particulars may be added. Exactly as a man from the New World would find more than half his possible pleasure lacking, visit- ing Great Britain without possessing any compre- hensive knowledge of Shakspeare, Scott, Burns, Thackeray, Moore, Tennyson, etc., or France with, no acquaintance with Bousseau, Voltaire, Lamarline, Beranger, Victor Hugo, Dumas, etc. — :-o the visitor from the Old "World to the New must be lacking in many of the opportunities for observation, social life and popularity, M'ho fails to know something of Cooper, Irving, Hawthorne, Longfellow, Whittier, Bret Harte, Mark Twain, and (especially for New England travel) Holmes, Emerson and LowelL 7th. Another " rubbing up" is advisable though not absolutely indispensable. Thousands of ques- tions about native land, its physical appearance, wealth, working of government, industrial aspects, etc., are constantly asked of all persons on their travels, supposed to be of the average iutellit:»ence, by foreigners whom they chance to meet; and it is decidedly pleasant as well as proper, not to be three or four thousand mi.es from home, u^iable to answer the simplest questions with reference to things oc- curring at our own doors. The more we know about our own land, the more intelligent and agreeable travelers we shall make; and,, in this connection^ PREPARATIONS. 2^ 8th. Throw overboard two false inipressions, to- gether, before leaving Emrope. Overboard with the idea, at once, tbat the land you are leaving is better than all others in every regard, so that nothing can be learned abroad: and with it give the go-by to the alternative impression that you have nothing worth asserting and even boasting about, aad that what you are to leara abroad will stand in place of the preAdous experience and pride of a life. Each of the leading European countries possesses, at this day, many things uneqoaled by the rest of the world and matters of legitimate pnde to her citizens; but she is almost equally sure to have errors and defi- ciencies which may well be corrected by observa- tions among other, if not necessarily wiser, people. Every tourist going abroad should carry with h m all practical knowledge of his own land, and all well-founded pride, in it; and, at the same time, he shouJ.d travel witii eyes and ears open and powder to divest himself of ridiculous national vain-glory pre- judicially shutting away all beyond. And now to a few minor particulars belonging to the very eve of starting, and still important enough to deserve place and number: 9th. Start with a confident expectation of return- ing, and yet leave proper ty-inierests d .«posed of as if no return was likely to be made. There is really Lss danger, in a given number of day-, in going over-sea than in most railway-travel; but absences thus involved are necessarily much longer and de- S4 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE.. mand additional forethouglit in at least one or two particulars. " No man dies the sooner for making his will/' tbey say; and certainly no man travels less comfortably for leaving affairs at ho^me in such a shape, that, if he does not return, his absence will cause the least possible inconvenience to those left behind. And, in this connection, again, 10th. There is nothing wiser for the departing "family-man," whatever the status of those depend- ent upon him, than an investnaent in a moderate life-assitrance, with an additional assurance against accident. Nothing of an ear'hly character (the re- ligious questions will naturally suggest themselves) adds more comfort in a storm at sea, or danger in some distant land, than the rejection that there would be, at least, one benefit from the risk ter- minating unfavorably: the dear ones at home would he pecuniarily the gainers by it. 11th. Arrange baggage compactly,, and not too extensively. For each person (male — the ladies will make rules for themselves, applying what hints may chance to suit them) — one stout leather or wood-and-leather trunk of 3^0 to 86 inches by 16 to 20 inches, and one convenient valise for carrying in the hand, are alwaj^s sufficient, for anything less than cairying over the whole personal effects with a vieAv to residence. The trunk for deposit in the gretit cities, in the event of expecting to return along the same line — if not, unavoidably to be car- ried &Qug. The vahse for short excursions from Preparations. 25 liose great centers haviDg this advantage — tliat it can be carried in the railway-carriage or cab, while the trunk must be looked after, with trouble and expense. Both trunk and valise should be plainly marked with name and residence— initials not al- ways enough for either safety or convenience. If the trunk is small enough, for the sea-voyage, to find place in the state-room, all the better; if not, care must be taken that, before it goes into the hold, all articles are taken out from it that will be needed before landing on the other side. The valise will always find place in the state-room, of course. And this brings 12th. The important question of Clothing, with reference to which a few general suggestions may be found valuable. The point of view here taken is especially for the male sex, but the female will find it easily varied to their requirements. For crossing the North Atlantic, to return in two or three months, the fir-t requirement is a suit of thick clothes, so old and valueless that one can lounge upon the deck in them, with no fear of damage. (Dandyism is at a discount at sea — a lesson quickly and surely learn- ed.) Clothing thick, because sea au' is nearly always damp, and generally cold. Then as thick an over- coat and gloves as can well be procured, the use of which will become patent, either off the Irish coast or among the fogs and possible icebergs of the Banks of Newfoundland. A thick blanket, rug, or heavy robe, to make lounging upon deck the easier 20 SEOBITEIP GUIDE. and warmer. For summer travel in iiie Nortliern, Middle and Western States, or Canada, a neat travel- ing-suit of Melton, with one of flannel for proceed- ing further southward, and for very hot weather in even the States named. A summer-overcoat or wrap of Yv^aterproof Melton or aqua-scutum — not so regularly or often needed as in the British Islands, but indispensable. Heavy-wool under-clothing for sea use, with courage enough to double it if neces- sary ; for American hot weather, on land, lighter under-clothing of merino, silk, or zephyr. A dress- suit, if entrance into "society" is intended, or if there is plenty of room in the trunks ; as clothing is ■ somewhat high in America, while exceptionally tasteful and well made — though, candidly, in hurried trips of this character, the traveling-suit is seldom shaken off. Figured or colored-wool overshirts, with high throat, collar and wristbands, for time at sea, or for any temporary "camping-out" or " roughing-it " among w^oods or mountsiins. Plenty of linen and white goods, to avoid being at the n>3r3y of the washerwoman at times of sudden transit, and be- cause all these, as well as all hosiery and under- clotliinjf, cost more in the United States than in England. Stout-soled shoes — of calf, best. Low- crowned tourist-hat, of felt (dress-hat to be bought, if necessary); umbrella, of late years almost as in- dispensable on the western side of the Atlantic as the eastern ; a good opera-glass, necessary for catching views rapidly and correctly, both by sea PREP A RA TIOjYS. 27 and land, and more convenient if not too large for tlie pocket and not necessitating the prononce strap. IStli. Make sucli arrangements, if possible, that a little longer absence than that contemplated will not work seri Jiis business or other inconvenience, as the best calculator cannot always be quite sure of non- detention through some influence or action beyond himself. 14th. Arrange (as before suggested) to take a lit- tle more money abroad than is supposed to be neces- sary for either time or distance; but 15th. Carry in actual money, (English gold, or Bank of England notes, with a trifle of silver) only S3 much as will pay expenses on ship-board and last during the few days that may happen to elapse be- fore reaching the point at which the first draft is made payable. All beyond this should be taken either in bills-of-exchange on bankers in one or more of the more iniportant cities to be visited, or in circular lelters-of-credit to corresponding houses in those cities. It is scarcely necessary to say that only the very first-class of banking houses, at home, should be dealt with, in procuring exchacge or let- ters-of-credit, if the painful possibility of finding oneself abroad without f ands, is to be avoided. 16th. Take some letters of introduction, when tendered, and to the right persons; but depend very little upon them, except in some business point of view. The fact is that, without any discourtesy to givers being intended, letters of introduction go for S8 SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE. less ill America and secure less consideration addi- tional to the deportment and standing of the bearer, than in any other part of the civilized globe : and they should be understood and rated accordingly. Added to whicli may be set down that in no other country is the best society of any given region so ac- cessible, the letter of introduction being thus ren- dei*ed little else than commercial or useless. 17th . Avoid attempting to carry over, among bag- gage, anythi'ig that can be construed as beyond ne- cessary personal use, as the American administration of the customs, of late years, is stringent to oppres- siveness, and a misunderstanding on that point may be more easily avoided than removed. (Articles most watched for and guarded against are clothing, [new and in undue quantity,] silks, linens, laces, watches, jewelry and precious stones). 18th. Create as little impression as possible, on the verge of departure, of feeling that some event, moving half the world, is taking place in your jfirst leaving your native land. A sea- voyage, now, no fur- ther than America, is about equivalent to a trip from London to Edinburgh or Dundee, fifteen years ago — and not much more than was the transit across the channel to France, at the distance back of thirty or fifty years; and the observing world is generally coming to regard it in that light. 19th and last. If possible, go on board before the last moment of sailing, and have any heavy luggage on board even earlier. Also, if possible, make any PREPARATIONS. 2^ extended tender farewells earlier and elsewliere than on the crowded dt^ck of a steamer, at the last mo- ment, when eyeryhodj is in the way of everybody else, when the officers naturally wish to throw over- board all the whiners, and when there is a probabil- ity of the grief af departure being added to by the worry of having wife, sister, child or friend tumbled into the river at the landing-stage, or dropped over between tender and steamer as the two separate. WHAT TO DO AND AyOlD ON SHIPBOARD, The advice in this paper, too, will be set down di- dactically, and much of it will be considered as very elementary by those who have once or oftener cross- ed the Atlantic. In the meantime, not even to some of them will the maxims be found unprofitable, if attended to — judging by the very large number of habitual travelers who seem to happen upon the very conditions of discomfort and imprudence, as if Geeking them. 1st. Perhaps the first condition of comfort in a Bea-voyage, is to avoid making up the mind as to any positive time at ^\hich the voyage must be con- cluded. To look across the three thousand miles of the Atlantic, and think over the days necessary to traverse it, even on the swiftest vessel, is rather dis- couraging than the reverse, to people of rapid thought and active habit; but by simply avoiding any definite calculation, and considering the ship and her officers and crew as doiDg their "day's work," the amount of impatience may be very con- siderably reduced. Creeping ahead a little every day, the whole voyage will soon be accomplished : that is enough to know and enough to feel, no mat- ter what anxieties may be at the end. 2d. Perhaps the next desideratum is to avoid any OiV SEIPBOARI). 31 considerable anxiety as to tlie voyage "being a pros- perous one, by first remembering that more than an linndred runs are made without a single accident, and more than five hundred without the total loss of a vessel — and then falling back upon that pleas- ant recollection that you have not the a:5'air in charge, any way — that (Providence over all, and al- ways to be remembered, of course,) the officers and crew of the ship have their duty to do and are very hkely to do it, for the sake of their own lives and the property committed to their skill. It may be straining a point, perhaps, bat there is really some philosophy in getting into the state of mind of the droll fellv.w who demonstrated to one of the " anxious," in a storm at sea, that, having paid their passage, and the company having consequently con- tracted to take them across, the question of the ship's foundering was really something with which they (the passengers; had nothing to do ! This may not have much reassured the frightened man, but it certainly silenced him ; and there no doabt was more than a grain of earnest in the old trave er's philosophy of remembering that he did not deer the ship, as there was undoubtedly comfortable indo- lence in it. 3d. It is not wise to expect too much on ship- board, either in the way of luxury, or even of positive comfort. Ships, at the laigest, are small as com- pared with hotels, and at the steadiest are "shaky," as compared to private dv^ellings, except when the S2 SROBTTUIP OXTIDE. latter have tlie rarity of earthquakes to throw them off the peri3eiidieular. Plenty of good food, respect- able though confined sleeping-quarters, and attend* ance fair, but by no means that of a first-class hotel ' — these are all that ought to be expected; and a very little philosophy makes them enough. It has before been said that *' dandyism is at a discount, at sea ; '* so is, or ought to be, finicldness. What if neither shaving, nor dressing, nor any of the other ojSices of civihzed life, can be done quite as well as at home ? Kobody notices whether they are scrupmiously per- formed, or not ; and some of the neatest of men when on shore, when they have become old travel- ers, consent to be slovenly for those few days with- out serious suffering. The golden rule, on going to sea, is : JSxpect very Utile, and he prepared to heat good-humoredly icith it ^ then, if "all the modern conveniences" should happen to present themselves, as is not at all likely, they will afford double en- joyment, and the want of them will not entail misery, 4th. Determine to be as jolly as health will allow, and as companionable as is at all consistent with the temperament. Join in all practical harmless amuse- ments and exercises, with the result of making your own days less tedious, and producing the same effect on those of others. One jolly fellow, some- times, seems to leaven up a whole ship-load ; one or two glum faces act like a wet-blanket on all con- cerned. There is a comradery in sea-going, scarcely OK SHIPBOARD. 33 second to that of the army ; and some of the pleas- antest friendships of years originate on the deck filled with comparative strangers. Quoits, shovel- board, chess, draughts, backgammon, social games at cards, all these supply amusement to those who will take part in them ; and there is room for any amount of table sociability at meals, not marred but rather increased by the little accidents to which breakfasting or dining in rough weather is certainly subject. 5th. Make friends, early, with the captain and other officers of the ship, so far as they will permit ; but take no liberties with them, and carefully avoid compromising ajy one of them who may have shown any peculiar fayor, by speaking of it to others of the ship's company or passengers. Strictly observe those cardinal rules which forbid going upon the bridge, talking with the officers when on duty, or distract- ing the attention of the quarter-masters at the wheel. Avoid getting in the way of the officers at the compass, or hmdering them when engaged in that most important event of the day — '^' taking an observation.*' Obey them, quietly and respectfully, when they give a direction calculated to secure your safety or prevent accident — even if the reason of the order should not be fully eyident to a landsman. Don't inquire any of tener than is unayoidable, where the ship is at any particular moment, what a certain moyement on deck means, what kind of weather it is going to be during the nest twenty-four hours ; U SHOBI-TRIP GUIDE. and don't ask the men, when they are heaving the log, how many miles an hoar the ship is going, or •don't expect them to tell the truth if you do ! Don't get m the way when hawsers are being overhauled or yards braced; and don't wonder if, getting in the way Vv'hen some evolution of hauling the ropes is going on, yon occasionally trip and so learn what times and places are dangerous. Don't attempt to "help," at any time, e:^cept in the rare event of an accident; and thus " keeping out of the way," with- out losing any chance of observation and eEJoyment, secure the friendship of the officers, the respect of the crew, and the gratitude of all concerDed, 6th. Make friends with the stewards, at once, not only by treating them respectfully, but by speaking to the two in charge of your particular table and state-room — requesting their attention and prom- ising them the due douceur at the end of the voy- age. Half a sovereign each to the saloon and lower- saloon stewards, and say a crown to the " boots," with half-a-crown for beer to the captain of the watch who first " chalks" you when you break the rules of the ship by going forward, and perhaps half a dozen shillings to persons who do errands for you during the run — this, reaching not much more than thirty shillings altogether, is quite sufficient to grease the wheels of service and make welcome then and afterwards. 7th. Avoid attempting to read much, at sea, how- ever interest may tempt in that direction. TLero OK SHIPBOARD. 35 is a motion and jar of the yessel, making tlie letters swim and damaging head and optic-nerves to a de- gree needing days for recoTerj. Some persons can read steadily, almost withont injury; others cannot: it is never best to try the experiment when it can be avoided. And there is rarely much occasion : it is a poor passage-list in wiiich more amusement cannot be f jund than in books, for the short period con- sumed in crossing the Atlantic. 8th. Keep on deck, all that is possible. Half the charm of going to sea lies in the pure, fresh air, except in very stormy weather. The air of lower- cabins and state-rooms is necessarily more or less confined, and consequently unhealthy; while tlie healthiest atmosphere in the world comes fresh to the lungs from blue water. There is far less danger of sea-sickness, too, on deck than below, when actual illness does not enforce confinement to the berth ; and the thousand sights and sounds of sea-life — sunrises, sunsets, moonlight, storm-waves, whales, porpoise-shoals, passing vessels, observations, log and lead heaving, making and taking in sail, signalling, etc., are only to be enjoyed by those who keep the deck as persistently as possible. And this is even ad- tiitionally true at times of leaving or making land ; approaching port, etc., opportunities for remark and study, lost during which periods, may be and prob- ably will be lost forever. 9th. Dress warmly — quite as warmly as comfort demands, and err on the safe side if at all. Sea-iiir, 36 Snonf-TBIP GUIDE, tliongli healthy, is damp and deceptive as to temper-' atnre. Never mind the appearance ; pnt on the clothes. 10th. Take much exercise. Want of occupation induces long sitting at table and hearty eating; and the system must be a strong one which can endure this for days, without exercise, and jei suffer no in- jury. "When there is not too much sea to make it possible, at least a mile or two should be walked every morning, and a corresponding space in the afternoon — the long cleared decks, or the alleyways, of most of the best steamers, rendering this amuse- ment of exercise easy and convenient. 11th. Aid the direction last named, by eating moderately as usual habits will allow — either by abridging the quantity of each meal, or by avoiding, some of the number. Four meals per day are usu- ally provided — breakfast, lunch, dinner and tea : very often, and especially when there is any tendency to inactivity of the system, and fever, two of the four may be profitably omitted. 12th. Put confidence in the ship ', believe, for the time being, that the ship is the best afloat. If you go down into the fire-room (which, by the way, is quite as well kept out of), don't fall into the fancy that so large a mass of fire in the midst of a vessel must inevitably burn her ; vessels are especially con- structed to guard against that danger, and iron does not take fire easily. Don't be alarmed at the noises' continually coming from the fire-room, or think that VN SHIPBOARD. ' 37 some calamity has happened there : firemen are nor- mally noisy as well as grimy, and they need to speak loudly to make themselves heard. Don't fancy, in short, that everything will go wrong udIcss you attend to it, except in one particular; and that is, 13th. Join the fire-police of the ship, and stick to the organization. Take no combustible materials below in your baggage — neither matches nor danger- ous chemicals; take no light of any kind below the decks, for better reason than because there is a severe punishment for any proceeding of the kind — the all-j)Owerful reason that such an act may destroy your own life and the lives of others. On this point, watch your own conduct and that of others, and no harm is likely to result from the close surveillance; though any discovery made should always be com- municated quietly to some person in charge, and not shouted through the ship so as to create a panic among the passengers. 14th, Never go forward when the ship is pitching into a heavy sea: there is always danger of injury, in such an experiment by a landsman, and very often of l^eing swept overboard, at times when even sailors can scarcely keep footing on the wet and slippery decks. Never stand at or very near the taffrail (extreme stern) in correspondingly heavy weather, as there is always danger of the ship "jumping out from under you" — an accident which sometimes happens to ex- perienced seamen who stand unguardedly in that g§ SEOBTTBIP OUIDE. dangerous position. Never climb upon the bal- ■warks, however calm the sea; for there is no know- ing at what moment there may be one roll — enough to finish the individual Toyage very unpleasantly. 15th. Never attempt to go up or down one of the companion-ways (stairs), or along one of the gang- ways, or the decks, v/hen the sea is heavy, without making' as much use of the hands as the feet — hold- ing, on firmly to the nearest convenient rail. Broken ribs or limbs are sometimes the consequence of for- getfulness or bravado, on this point . 16th, In the event of illness (other than sea-sick- ness), don't take nostrums, or trust to anything in your private "medicine-chest/' There is always one surgeon, or more, on each ship; they are paid for attending to the health of passengers, without charge except for costly medicine; they are partic- ularly familiar with the treatment prudent at sea; and it is very often the case that medicines upon which dependence can be placed when on the more stable element, prove injurious in the abnormal con- dition of never being entirely quiet, 17th. If sea-sick, don't fancy the disease is a mor- tal one. Few people die of it, though many (it is to be feared) are rendered vastly uncomfortable. Keep the bravest heart and the strongest determination possible, against the great foe; and above all, da not join the noble army of those who ask to be mer- cifully "thrown overboard' as a means of escaping the torture. Nobody dares obey the request — not 0I{ SHIPBOARD. 39 even your worst enemy, who wishes that he could ; and if it should be obeyed, the chances are ten to one that before you had gone down ten fathoms in blue water the cry might be a different one. 18th. Berths, in sea-going ships, are mostly sin- gle; and yet'it is best, especially in heavy weather, to have a ded-felloio. This is easily found in the valise or well-filled carpet bag, which packed closely in against the side-board, the would-be sleeper lying on the side in the inner part of the berth, will gen- erally enable him to lie without rolling, even when the ship is doing her worst in that direction, and secure sleep when it would be otherwise impossible from the constantly- waking motion. An alternative arrangement of almost equal excellence in rough weather^ though not always practicable — is to use a broad luggage-strap, fastened to any stanchion at the back of the berth and then buckled around the breast of the would-be sleeper. 19th — and more important than any of the pre- ceding. Remember, oftener than when the service is read on Sabbath morning, that there is a Hand^ wiser and stronger than that of any ofiQcer of the ship, ruling not only the vessel, but the waves upon which she rides and the winds and other elements wliich may place her in peril. BELL-TIME AT SEA. l^ASfSEKGERS by any of the transatlantic steam- ers, or on any other extended route involviQg the contii]".ial change of longitude, should never risk in- juring their time -pieces by setting them slower or faster, but quietly allow them to run down imme- diately after starting, and keep them in that condi- tion, though carrying them in the ordinary upright position, until the end of the yoyage. They v/ill be obliged, meanwhile, to depend upon the ship's bell, with occasional glimpses of the saloon-clock, for the requisite knowledge of the flight of time during each day, to preyent a mental yacuum on that sub- ject, and enable them to make proper preparation for meals. A little experience of the use of the bell, howeyer, is necessary for putting this adyice into ready prac- tice ; and the following brief table of "bell-time at sea" will be found worth an hour or two of study, to that end; one fact being always borne in mind: that the farther eastward the faster the time, and, the farther westward, the slower ; so that a steamer of ordinary speed loses about half an hour per day of the running time with which she is charged, in going eastward, and gains a corresponding amount ^ time in going westward. BELL TIME AT SEA. 41 Commencing tlie day at sea, with the half-liour succeeding midnight, the following explanation of the " bells" (i. e., strokes of the bell) will be found easily understood and quite sufficient for practical use, if one aid to the memory is employed — the re- collection that the odd numbers of strokes are always half-hours, that the even numbers are always hours, and that those hours which can be divided by 4 are always represented by numbers which can also be divided by 4. 1 bell .... .--. }i clock, A. 51. 1 bell .... .... ^0 clock, r .11. "2 bells .... .... 1 '- i; 2 bells .... .... 1 ti • i 3 " .... .... l}i a ii 3 it .... 1^4 II " 4 " .... 2 <( tt 4 ti 2 (t i 5 " .... .... 2>a It <( 5 ti . ... 'i/'g It 2 (1 u 3 ti .... 5>^ " tt 4 " .... 6 It " 4 " .... 6 It tl 5 " .... .... G'/z (( ( t 1* bell .... .... 6}^ It ii G " .... 7 t( / £( It 3 11 .... 9>^ ■ t (C 4 " .... .... 10 " " 4 11 ... 10 .t " 5 " .... .... lO^iT < 1 " 5 It .... lOM If tt « " .... .... 11 It II 6 tc .... 11 tl t 7 '♦ .... .--. lUa' 11 " 7 II .... ll>2^ tc c S " .... .... 12 noon 8 11 12 midnigbt. ■^ From 4 p. Jr. to 8 P. ftr. instead of presenting an nnbroken succes- sion of bells from 1 to 8, is divided into t'wo "Dog Watches"— 4 to 6 (" first dog-watcb") and 6 to 8 ("second dog-watcb")-^in order to pre- vent tbe larboard and stai'board vratches of sailors being on duty during tbe same hours, one day af^er another — as they "would be if they were continually and oaly changed once every four hours. NEW YORK CITY. HARBOR AND SUBURBS. APPEOACH AND HARBOR. Land is generally made, approaching the harbor of New York, from any vessel coming down the "Great Circle," at some point on the Long Island coast, at starboard or right of the ship ; and the time may be anywhere from four to ten hours (in clear weather) before crossing the bar at Sandy Hook, the entrance of the Lower Bay of New York. After first sighting, this land will keep in sight — low and uninteresting, the course of the vessel be- ing nearly parallel with the shore, and at a few miles distance. Pilots are taken on board from small schooners, at distances varying from a few miles from the coast to two or even three hundred — ■ as disasters from want of pilotage off this port, many years ago, have induced much activity and competition, of late years. Two or three hours from Sandy Hook, for ships coming down the Long Island coast, and as a first sight for those crossing from the south, are miide the Highlands of JVavesinJc, fine bold headlands ap- proaching the sea, and forming one point of the eastern coast of New Jersey. These hills show to excellent advantage on a nearer approach, and are very imposing when the Bar at Sandy Hook is be- JiEW TOBK CITY. 43 mg crossed ; two square-tower light-houses showing on the Highlands, behind the long, low point of wooded sand forming the Hook, on which are to be seen one light-house and two beacons, with a formidable line of government fortifications in pro- gress, near the outer or northern end, very near to which the ship necessarily passes the channel. Passing the Bar and running up the Lower Bay, the New Jersey Highlands continue ahead and to the left:, sloping away toward Long Branch a few miles southward ; on the right continues Long Island, with the still lower and sandier Coney Is- land adjoining it in front ; still ahead and to the left rise the hills ol Staten Island, with an opening between it and Long Island marking the Narrows, through which entrance is made from the Lower or Raritan Bay into the Upper or Bay of New York proper. At the left, four or five miles below the Narrows, is passed (if there is no occasion to make its nearer acquaintance) the New York Quarantine — ranges of low buildings on two artificial islands built within the last few years on a shoal known as the "West Bank of Bomer. Passing the Narrows, the fine fortification to the right, on Long Island, is Fort Hamilton, with the rains of the once cele- brated Fort Lafayette standing in the water at some distance below it — while to the left rises the corresponding bluff of Staten Island, crowned with a light-house and fortifications, with a strong *4 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. new strueture, Fort Richmond, standing below at near tlie water's edge. Tlie view of New York Bay, after passing the Nar- rows, is considered one of the finest of its character in the world, and should never be lost by the trav- eler enjoying the opportunity for the first time. On the right, passing up, will be observed the Long Island shore, handsomely shaded, and dotted with the residences of well-to-do citizens or suburbans; and on the left Staten Island presents much higher ground, landings and thriving villages near the shore, and the sides of the hills in like manner well shaded and dotted with tasteful residences. Some six miles above the Narrows, at the immedi- ate right, the monuments of Greenicood Cemetery may be seen covering and crowning one of the Long Island hills near the shore; still to the right, but ahead, the City of Brooklyn shows its many spires and wilderness of buildings ; immediately ahead rises Governor's Island, with its round fort, Gasile William, and its long ranges of barracks and officers'-quarters ; and as Governor's Island is pass- ed, still directly ahead, the City of New York is seen, stretching right and left, from its lowest point at the Battery, up the East and North rivers (Long Island Sound and the Hudson), each line show- ing a perfect forest of the masts of shipping, and the marked deficiency of commanding spires partially relieved by the nearness and grace of that of Trinity ]Sf:EW TO UK CITY. 45 Church and the height of several of the new build- ings now overtopping the city, especially the Western Union Telegraph Building, New Post Office, Tribune Office, Evening Post Office, Equita- ble and Mutual Insurance Buildings, &c. From this point, which also best shows the Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn lies a little behind, at the righi;; Staten Island has fallen away to a much greater distance behind and at the left; the Hudson Eiver stretches northward, immediately ahead. Long Island Sound branching away eastward at an acute angle; the other two islands of the harbor, so far unnamed, Bedloe's and Ellis', lie at some distance to the left; and behind them, to the left and ahead, on the west or New Jersey side of the river, may be prominently seen the towns of Jersey Oity and Ilobohen, continual high landi rising up-river from the latter, along the Hudson, towards Fort Lee and the Palisades. It is also at this point that the traveler visiting the New World for the first time from the Old, will find one of the most marked of sensations in observ- ing not only the immense variety of shijoping and the flags of all nations at the wharves and in the stream, but the many particulars in which the American river and ferry craft differ from those of any other nation — the prevailing color being white, and both strength and grace often sacrificed to speed and temporary convenience. 46 BEORT'TBIP GUIDE. NEW YOKK CITY AND BROOKLYN. As ■will already Iiave been observed, the City of New York lies at the jurxction of the North or Hud- son River and LoDg Island Sound (familiarly called the East Eiver), having thus the best of opportuni- ties for cleanliness and health, which are by no means always embraced with due diligence and faithfulness — the city being always ineffectually cleaned, in comparison with the cost to the people, and often disgracefully dirty. In effect, Brooklyn, immediately opposite on the southeast, and con- nected with it by half-a-dozen or more well-managed steam-ferries, is a part of the same city, though lying in another county, and bearing a different name ; while nearly the same may be said of both Jersey City and Hoboken, on the New Jersey shore, , and reached in the same manner by ferry. Before proceeding to explore the city or suburbs, it should be noted that carriage-service in New York is very high and very bad; cab-service better and improving, though by no means up to the European standard — so that the first should be almost entkely avoided, and the latter much oftener foregone in favor of the public conveyances than they would be in any city of the Old "World. The ferries should be used freely, not only for necessar}^ crossings, but as an additional means of studying the topography of the harbor, and the excellence of the system. For most directions the street horse- NEW YORK CITY. 47 cars [see directions for those cars, different lines, i^p. 58 and 59, and following] run regularly and well, and are comfortable, except at morning and evening hours, bringing too great crowds ^ and the Elevated Bailroad, from South Ferry, and omnibuses from the Brooklyn Ferries, are available and respectable. Of the Streets, the best worth noting is Broadimy, which should be driven, in open carriage if con- venient, from its commencement at the Battery (harbor side) to its virtual termination at Madison Square, many of the best commercial buildings be- ing thus seen, and a succession of splendid busiuess erections observed, not equalled, perhaps, in any other city of either continent. Thence Fifth avenue should be taken, to the Central Park, and en return Madison avenue, views being caught, in the two, of many of the most fashionable pri- vate erections of the city. Much of the lead- ing fashion of the city may be found gathered in the streets running out from Fifth avenue, from Fourteenth to Sixtieth street — notably on Tioenty- third, Thirty-fourth, Forty-second streets, &c. The Boivery -may be noted as the people's or east-side Broadway. Greenwich street will be found filling a somewhat similar position on the west side; Third , Sixth and Eighth a'cenues may be taken as fair types of prosperous commonalty and bustle; West street (Hudson Eiver side) will be found to supply a jam quite worthy of. the Strand at its worst hours; 48 SEORT-TRIP GUIDE. and still further down town, Wall street, Broad and 2!^ew streets command attention as the centres of the moneyed interest. In Brooklyn, the most notable streets are Montague and Clinton^ for fashion; Ful" tbn and Court streets, Atlantic and Myrtle avenues, &c., for business activity; Third street. Union street, Fourth avenue, &c., as drives ; Clinton, Washing- ton, Bedford, Grand and other avenues,' for sub- urban beauty. Of Wharves, New York has never had any de- B^erviug the name, though a fine water front is now presented at the Battery, and arrangements are in progress to supply well-built docks along both rivers. Of Markets, the Washington, foot of Vesey street, Hudson Eiver side, and the Fulton, foot of Fulton street, East Eiver side, "will be found among the best supplied in the world, though the buildings are very old and badly kept. Newer and better erections are the Metropolitan, foot of Thirty-fourth street, North Eiver, and the TomjjJcins, Third ave- nue and Seventh street. Of Museums, the 3Ietro- 23olitan Museur/i of Art, Fourteenth street, near Sixth avenue; one at Central Park; and a smal] but unique one (naval) at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Of Libraries, the Astor, Lafayette Place; the Mercantile, Lenox, Society, Law, American Insti- tute, Historical, Printers', Woman's, &c. Of Public Galleries, that of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, (above named) ; the Lenox, Fifth avenue ; those of the picture-dealers, Goupil {Knoedler, successor), ir^tf rORK CITT, 4a Somervitle, Snedecor, Schaus, &c., with annual exhi-" "bitions of the Academy of Design (Twenty- third street and Fourth avenue); and the Private Galle- ries of some of the wealthy citizens and merchant- pricces, of taste and liberality, are very credita- ble, and sometimes exhibited to the public. Large collections of national and celebrity portraits are to be seen in the great photograph galleries of Kurtz, FredricJcs, JRocJcwood, Bogardus, Surony, Mora, and peveral others. Of Hospitals, the leading are the Bellevue, Twenty-sixth street and East Kiver ; New York, Fifth avenue ; St. Lukes, St. Vincenfs, Ger- man, Mt. Sinai, Woman's, Seamen's, — their locations popularly well known, and easily ascertained by any visitor for use or curiosity. Of Educational Institutions and the structures c-nnected, the following are most notable : Colum- hia College (an institution of moderate ago but rep- utation and usefulness, and with Law and Mining Schools attached), East Forty-ninth street ; Neio York University (collegiate, but making no pre- tence to fill the European use of the Word), Wash- ington Square ; New York College (formerly the New York F.vee Academy), Twenty-third street and Lexington avenue ; College of Physicians and Sur- geons, East Twenty-third street and Fourth ave- nue ; Unieersity Medical College, Worth street ; Ptutgers Female College, Fifth avenue ; Union Theo- logical Seminary, University Place ; New York Law 50 SHORT- TBIP GUIDE. Inslitute, Chambers street ; Fro'estant Episcopal Theological Seminary ; new Normal College, &c., &c. In connection with educational facilities it should be added, that the Common Schools of the City of New York are the best in the world, in handsome and commodious buildings, free to all, numerously attended, and worth observation by any visitor. Of Monuments, New York has as follows: In Central Park : ShaJcspeare, Sir Walter Scott, Hum- boldt, Schiller, Webster, Halleck, Seventh Regiment, &c. In Union Square, equestrian statue of Washington^ statues of Lafayette and Lincoln. In Madison Square, monument obelisk to General Worth and statue of Wm. II. Seward. la Trinity Churchyard, Martyrs' Memorial (handsome Gothic structure in honor of revolutionary patriots who died on the prison- ships); monument to Cajytain Laivrence, who fell on the Chesapeake; the horizontal slab over the re- mains of the heroine of the romance of the same name, Charlotte Temple. In St. Paul's Churchyard, shaft to Robert Emmett, the Irish patriot; monu- ment to Gen. Montgomery; one (back of church) to George Frederich Cooke, the actor. In Printing House Square, bronze statue of Franklin. Of antiquities, the city may be said to have lit- erally none, the hand of "improvement" having lately been very busy with the few remaining. The two most interesting old buildings existing, are the Old Walton JTouse, Pearl Street, most fashionable NEW YORK CITY. 51 residence of the past century, now decayed; and the Washingtvn Hotel, Bror.dway and Battery Place, once the residence of Gen. Y/ashington, of Sir Guy Carle ton, &c. Of Churches, few command any attention architec- turally, though there is no deficiency as to number. The two oldest were the North Dutch, Fulton and William strc-its, not long since demolished, and the Middle Dutch, used as a pr'son by the British during the War of the Revolution, and late the City Post Office — Nassau, Liberty and Cedar streets. St. Paul's, Broadway (where the pew of General Washington, when President, still remains), and St. Johns, Yarick street, best deserve present notice, from age and unpretending grace ; and Trinity, Broadway, as the most respectable finished Gothic erection on the Continent — though St. Fat- rick's Cathedral, Fifth avenue and Fiftieth street, will eventually dwarf it and all others. Those re- maining, best repaying visits of curiosity, are St, Georges, Butherford Place; Grace Church, Broad- way; St. Paul's and All Souls, Fourth avenue; St. Thomas', Fifth avenue; Holy Trinity, Madison avenue; St. Mark's (old), Stuyvesant street; the Tabernacle, Sixth avenue; SL Stephens, Twenty- eighth street ; Dr. Chapin's, Fifth avenue ; Dr. Hep- u'or^/i'5, MadiSon avenue. In Brooklyn, the most notable are the Holy Trinity and St. Ann's-on-the Heights, both on Clinton street ; Baptist, Strong Place ; Dr, Eddy's, Pierrepont street ; Church of m SHORT TRIP GUIDE, the Pilgrims, Henry street ; the Tabernacle, Sciier- merhoni street ; SL Charles Borromeo (Catliolic), Sidney Place, Of Public Buildings, the most interesting-, from one cause or another, will be found the City Halt, City Hall Park (with a collection of civic and heroc portraits of sonae interest, in the " Governors KooM)"); the New Court House (unfinished,, but with many handsome rooms) same place ; the City Prison ("Tombs"), Centre street; the Ciistonm House and Snh- Treasury, Wall street ; the Cooper Institute, junction of Third ^nd ITourth avenues ; the Bible House, opposite the preceding, above ; the Academy of Music, Fourteenth street ; the Academy of Design and Christian Association buildings. Fourth avenue and Twenty-third street ; BootKs Theatre, Twenty-third street ; the Grand Cpera Housej Eighth avenue; Tammany Hall, Fourteenth street ; the Central Police Station, Mulberry street ; Hudmn River Railroad Freight Depot, Hudson street (with colossal bronze of much oddity and a certain mierit, on the principal front, in honor of Cornelius Vanderbilt) ; new Grand Central Depots of the N. Y. Central, Harlem, and New Haven Rail- roads, Fourth avenue and Forty-second street ; Post Office, City Hall Park ; Methodist Book Concern, Broadway and Eleventh street j Masonic Hall^ Twenty-third street and Sixth avenue ; Stodc Ex- change (new). Broad street ; N. Y. Historical Society^ "University Place ; Produce Exchange^, Whitehall st }^BW YORK CITT. 53 la BRoo:KLYPr, the City Hall and County Voiirt House, Court and Falton streets ; Academy of Music, Montague street •; Mercantile Library, and Art Association Building, same street; Athencum, Atlantic avenue, &c. New York has many Commercial Buildings of great cost and splendor— no other city in the world having more of what may be designated as *' pal- ?ices,'^ devoted to money or trade. The lead is taken among purely financial buildings, by the Park Bank, Broadway. No less than three structures devoted to Life Assurance command much atten- tion—those of the Equitable Society, at Broadway und Cedar street; of the Mutual Company, Broad- way and Liberty street; and of t]ie.J}^ew York Com" pany, Broadway and Leonard street ; while the Western Unien Telegraph buildinp-, Broadway and Bey street, the Drexel Banking House, "Wall and Broad streets, the Bennett Building, Nassau, Ful'- ton and Ann streets, and others command attention, ^he most prominent among what ar-e called the "business palaces," are those of A, T. Stewart & Co.^ Broadway and Chambers street, and Broadway and Ninth street; of Lord S Taylor, Broadway and Twentieth street ; of Arnold S Constable, Broad- way and Nineteenth street; of Tiffany, Union 'Square and Fifteenth street ; of the Domestic ■Sewing Machine Company, Broadway and Four- teenth street ; of the Wheeler <& Wilson Sew- ing Machine Company, Union Square % of 54 SnOBT-TBIP GUIDE. AjypMons, Broadway ; of Brooks Brothers, Broadway ; Marpers\ Franklin Square ; Frank Leslie, Pearl st., Breicsler's, Fifth avenue, &c. There are man}'- private dwellings of great cost, splendor, aftid varying architectural taste, on Fifth avenue and the more fashionable streets on Murray Hiil; the first among them being the palace of the lately deceased A. T. Stewart, at Fifth avenue and Thiity-fourih street, of which the details, with- out and within, are of the most lavish magnificence, while the picture collection is very rich and valuable. Closely following, are those of 3Ir. Geo. Opdyke, Ifr. W. H. Vanderoilt, Messrs. Asior, Judge Hi lion, Mr. Lenox, Mrs. Si-evens, Mrs. Coles, Mr. Morgan, &c., all on Fifth avenue ; Miss Wolf, Messrs. Fheljys and Dodge, Madison avenue, &c. Of Club Houses, among the most prominent are the New York, Travelers', Knickerbocker, Lotos, Manltaitan, Slc, Fifth avenue ; ■ the Union League, Madison avenue, &c. Of Hotel Buildings (also Hotels), New York has many of great size and fine architecture, prominent among them being the Windsor, Fif h avenue and Forty-seveuth street ; Fifth Avenue, Fifth avenue, Broad w y and Twenty-fourth street ; Rossmore, Broadway and Forty-second street ; Buckingham^ Fifth avenue and Fiftieth street ; Grand Central, Broadway opposite Bond street ; Brevoirt, Fifth avenue near Washington Park ; As'or House, Broadway and Barclay street ; St. Nicholas, Broad- NE^ YORE CITY. 55 way and Spring street ; Metropolitan, Broadway and Prince street ; Westminster, Irving' Place and Sixteenth street ; Grand Hotel, Broadway and Tliirtieth street ; St. Cloud, Broadway and Forty- second street ; Gllsey, Broadway and Twenty-ninth street ; Slicrtevant, Broadway and Twenty-eighth street ; St. James, Broadway and Twenty-sixth street ; Hoffman, Broadway and Twenty-fourth street ; Coleman, Broadway and Twenty-seventh street ; Everett, Union Square ; Clarendon, Fourth avenue ; Delmonico's, Filth avenue ; Berkeley, Fifth avenue and Ninth street ; New York, Broad- way and Fourlh street; Earles, Caual street ; Merchanis' (mercantile), Cortlandt street, &c. In Beooklyn, the Pierrepont House, Montague street, and the Mansion House, Hicks street. Several Newspaper Offices of mark are to be noticed in New York, those of the Evening Post, Broadway and Fulton street; the Tribune, Printing House Square; the Herald, Broadway and Ann street; the Timts, and the Staats Zeltung, Pr.ntiiig House Square. The principal Theatres of New York City proper are Wallack's, Broadway and Thirteenth street ; the Olympic, Broadway near Beecker street; Niblo's, Broadway near Prince street ; Booth's, Tweuty- third street and Sixth avenue ; the Grand Gpera House, Eighth avenue and Twenty-third street ; Daly's New Fifth Avenue, Twenty-eighth etreet, near Broadway; the Lyceum, Fourteenth street; Parkf Broadway and Twenty-second street ; New 5a sBOR'i-Tnir guibjel Broadioay, Broadway and Thirtieth street ; Union Square Thfatre, Union Square; Twenty-third Street, street of that name; Eagle, Broadway and Thirty-- third street; Germania (German), Fourteenth street; and the Buioery, street of that name. Opera House, the Academy of Music,, Fourteenth street. Aquarium^ the New York, Broadway and Thirty-fifth street. Ethiopian Minstrel Houses and Varieties, Tony Pas- tor's, the San Francis€& Minstrels, &e. Brooklyn ha® several esi^ellent places of am i semen t, in the Acad- emy of Music,. Montagne street; Brooklyn Theatre^, Washington street; Park Theatre, Fulton street; Hooleys O'pera House, Court street; the Atheneum^ Atlantic avenue, &c. Most popular Ciinrches (for service). Trinity, Broadway (Episcopalian) ; Grace, Broadway and Tenth street (Epis.); the Tabernacle, Sixth avenue and Thirty-f urth street (Cong.) ; Dr. Chapin's, Fifth avenue and Forty-fifth street (Univ.); Si Thomas\ Fifth avenue (Epis.); Dr. Tyng's, Rutherford Place (Eji-^.) ; Fifth Avenue, Fifth avenue and Nineteenth street (Pres.) ; Dr. HepiwriKs, Madison ave.. and E. Forty-fifth st. (Cong.) ; St. Paul's, Fourth ave. and Twenty-second street, (Methodist Episcop.) ; and in Brooklyn, Plymouth (Rev. Henry Ward Beec'aer's)> Orange btreet (Cong.) ; St. Anns on-ihe- Heights and the Holy Trinity (Epis.), both on Cinton st. ; First Baptist, Nassau street ; Strony Place (Baj^t.), Strong Place ; Dr. Talmage's Tabernacle^ Scbermerhorn st. Present Catholic Cathedral in New Yoi%SLPairick's, Mulberry and Houston streets ;, with other leading, Catholic Church -s — St. Stephen's, Twentj^-eighth street, near Thu'd avenue (noted for fine music). NEW YORK CITY, 57 and Bt, I^-ancls Xavier's, Sixteenth street, near Fifth avenue. Pablie Grounds — Central Park, (see "Excur- sions," following); Washington, Madison and Union Squares, and Battery and City Hall Parks, most of limited dimensions, but all assuming attractive shapes, and most of them being provided with music on certain evenings of the week, during the warm season; and Jones' Wood, lying on the east- ern side of the Island, on the river, opposite the lower end of the Central Park, for many years frequented and famous as a place for great out- door gatherings, including the German and Irish festivals and the Scottish annual games ; Jerome Park, Westchester (also see "Excursions"); and in Brooklyn, Prospect Park (also see " Excur- sions"), Prospect Park Fair Grounds, Lefferts Park, &c. Principal Ferries : To Brooklyn, from foot Ful- ton street, foot Wall street, foot Cathariae street. Peck Slip, foot Whitehall street; to Jersey ,City (and Canard Docks, and Pennsylvania E.ii.road), foot Cortlandt street, and foot Dssbrosses street; to Comnmnipaw (and New Jersey Central Railroad), foot Libert}'' street; to Iloboken (and Bremen and Hamburg steamers, and Morris and Essex Eail- road), foot Barclay street and foot Christopher street; to Pavonia (and passenger-depot of the Erie Railway), foot Chambers street and foot Twenty- third street; to Staten Island, foot Yv^hite- 53 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. liall street and foot Dey street; to Hunter's Point (and Long* Island Eailroad), Jamc3 S.ip and foot Tiiirty-fourtb. street. PRINCIPAL STREET (hORSE) RAILROADS. Second A,venne Line. — Cars leave Peck Slip (East River, near Fulton Ferry), run tbroupfli South, Oliver, Bowery, Grand and Ciiristie streets, and Second avenue to One Hundred and Twenty-eif^litli -street, Harlem. Brancli from Broadway at Worth street to Bowery, and tlience same route. Third Avenue Line. — Cars kave Broadway, opposite Astor House, run throug^h Park Row, Cliatliam street. Bow- ery, Third avenue to One Hundred and Thirtieth street, Harlem. Fourth Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, oppo- site Astor House, run through Park Row, Centre and Grand streets, Bowery and Fourth avenue to Forty-second street, (Grand Central Depot.) Broadioay Line. — Cars leave Broadway corner Barclay street, run tlirouc^h Barclay, Church and Greene streets, Clinton and University Places, Broadway and Seventh avenue to Fifty-ninth street (Central Park). Brancli of this road, from Broadway at Broome street, tlirouefli Broome street to Greene stieet, and as above. Sixth Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Vesey street, run through Vesey, Church and Chambers streets. West Broadway, Canal, Varick and Carmine streets, and Sixth avenue to Fifty-niutli street (Central Park). Seventh Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Park Place, run through Park Place, Church, Canal, Sullivan and Mac- dougal streets, Clinton place, Greenwich and Severn h ave- nues to Fifty-ninth street (Central Park). E ghth Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Vesey street, run throu(Tli Vesey, Church and Chambers streets. West Broad- way, Canal and Hudson streets, and Eighth avenue to Filty-ninth street (Central Park). Branch, of this road, from Broadway at Canal street, through Canal to Hudson street, and as above, with continuation to Manhattanvilie. Ninth Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway, corner Fulton street, run through Fulton and Greenwich streets and Ninth ave- nue to Fifty-fourth street. Lexington Avenue Line. — Cars leave Broadway opposite Astor House, run through Park Row, Chatham street. Bowery, Third Avenue, Thirty-fifth 2^EW YOBK CITY. 59 street, Lexmrrtnn avenue to Fortv-second street and Fourth avenue (Grand ( 'entral Depot). Blee'-ker Street Line. — Cars leave Fulton ferrv (East River), run tlirouorh Fulton, William and Ann streets. Park Row, Centre, Leonard, Eln, Howard, Crosby, Bleecker, Macdougal, West Fourth, West Thir- teenth, Hudson, West Fourteenth streets and Tenth ave- nue to Twenty-third slreet. Belt Line. — (Eastern division) : Cars leave Soath ferry (Battery), run through Front street. Old Slip, South, Montgomery, South, Corlaers, Grand, Goerck and East Houston streets, Avenue D, East Four- teenth street, Avenue A, East Twenty third street, First avenue and Ea^t Fifty ninth street to Fifth avenue at Cen- tral Park. (Western division) : Cars leave South ferry (Battery), run through Whitehall street and Battery Place, West street. Tenth avenue and West FiJty-ninth street to Fifth avenue at Central Park — the two forming perfect con- nection round the city. Dry Doc^^'' Line. — Cars leave Broad- way, oppo.->ite Astor House, run through Park Row, Chat- ham street. East Broadway, Grand and Columbia streets. Avenue D, East Eleventh street and Avenue B, to foot East Fourteenth street. East Broadicay Line. — Cars leave Broad- way, corner Ann street, run through Park Row, Chatham street. East Broadway, Clinton street, Avenue B, East Fourteenth street, Avenue A, East Twenty-third street, First avenue to Twenty-third street ferry. Grand and Cortlandt Line. — Cars leave Jersey City ferr^, foot Cortlandt street, run throuflfh Cortlandt, Greenwich, Beach, Li-penard and Canal streets. East Broadway and Grand strc et to Grand street ferry (East River). Cross-Town Line. — Cars leave West Forty-second street at Tenth avenue, run thronph Tenth avenue. Thirty-fourth street, Broadway, Twenty third street. Fourth avenue, Fourteenth street, and east side minor streets to foot of Grand street. East River. Chur^Ji Street Line. — Cars leave Astor House (Vesey street), run through New Church street. Battery Place and Whitehall street to South ferry. Elewited Railway . — (Steam) — Cars leave station at the Soutli Ferry, (extreme lower end of Broadway) every few minutes, through or rather over Greenwich street and Ninth avenue, to Central Park, with stopping- places at very short intervals, snd many extensions ]>roje3ted. There are several other and minor roads, cross-town lines, &:c., besivies those here given; but al the more important have been enumerated, and the least inotructed visitor 60 SnOBT-TBIP GUIDE. will Lave little difficulty, with the foref^oin^ dirpctioiis, in makiiio' full use ot these great conveniences. It will be noted that, witli a sinrrje exception, tl.e up routes of all these lin ex have been jriven, as most intelli'j'ible ; some of them make sliji-lit variations in return or downroiues, but wht:'n so, only to a small distance, Omniimses. up Broadway TO various po nts, leave South, Wall street and Fulton fer- ries, conspicuously lettered as to debtinations. Other objects of interest to those maldng longer so- journ; the Fast River Bridge, now buildinfy between New York and Brooklyn, and promising to be one of the master-works of its class in the woiid; the many large Ocean and River Steame-'s at their wharves ; I'iews over the City, from Ijigh biiildiugs ; Governor's Idand, head-quarters of the mili- tary depari'ment (reached by boat from South ferry); the Navy Yard, Brooklyn (cars from Falton Ferry); the Penal and Charitable Institutions on BlackweWs, Randall's and IVard's Islands (under control of Commissioners of Charities and Correction — build- ing, Third avenue and Eleventh street) ; and a variety of Asylums for orphans and the afflxted. SUBURBS, DRIVES AND EXCURSIONS. O: Drives and Short Excursions (by carriage), the first favorite is that to the Cemteal Park, a large and admirable public ground, occupying;: nearly the centre of the I4and, extendim^- in width from Eifth to Ei^ihtli avenue, and in length from Fifty-ninth to One-Hundred and Tenth street, handsomely laid out, shade-.l and orna- mented, ■with fine roads and costly bridges, and ifj^TF TOBR CITT, U lacMng^ only age to be equal to any public ground in Europe. It has a Lake, witli boats (service); a. Museum, with Zoological collection and many other curiosities; a Casino, on the European plan; Public- Carriages^ makiug the round of the Park at short intervals, for trifling farer Statues of Shakspeare, Humboldt, Schiller, Morse. Scott, Webster, Hal- leck, &c. ; statuary groups of the " Hanter and his Dof?,'* "Auld Lang Syne;'' and presents the feature of Music by a fine band every Saturday afternoon during the warm season, attracting immense con- courses of people. In connection are also to be seen the Croton Heceivin^ Eeservoirs, alleged to be of size enough, and to contaiu water enou^'h, to float the navies of the world. \_Geniral Park may also be- reached by horse-cars from the City Hall, or from most of the ferries (Belt road along- either river), by the Elevated Railroad, &c. ] Beyond, the drive by carriage is often and profitably extended to the Har-- lem and Bloomingdale Roads, or to High Bridge, an aqueduct BriJge over the Harlem PtLver, of great height and Eoliclity; or to Jerome Park, new and handsome trotting and racinor gr'ound of the Amer- ican Jockey Club, beyond the Harlem River, in West- chester. Another scarcely less fashionable drive is to Prospect Park, the new but very handsome public ground of Brooklyn, which bids fair to rival if not to excel the Central, has a Lake, a Dairy Cot- tage and Barn, a fine stretch of natural forest, an elevated drive (the " Ocean Parkway,") statue of 61ti anORT-TRIP GUIDE. Presidest Lincoln (at entrance), busts of Washington Irving, John Howard Payne, &c. Music by a fine band, Saturday afternoons. [May also be reached irom New York by Fulton ferry and by horse-cars of Flatbush avenue line.] Near Prospect Park is to be visited Greenwood Cemetery, one of the largest and hand- somest Cities of the Dead on the globe, with lakes, rising grounds, fine shades, costly monuments, and all the other melancholy attractions possible to be flung around places of burial. Among the leading features are the handsome sculptured Entrance Way; the Firemen's, Pilots', Old Sea Captain's, Cauda, Scribner, J. G. Bennett, Greely and Clarke monu- ments; the tombs of William E. Barton, the conled- ian, Lola Montez (with inscription, " Eliza Gilbert"), Crawfoid Livingston, &c. ; the vaults of Stephen Whitney, William Niblo, &c. Most beautiful point that at and around "S^d van Water;" finest views, those from "Ocean Hill" and "Battle Hill." [May also be reached from New York by Fulton Feriy and horse-cars of thj Greenwood or Fifth avenue lines.] Service-carriages for going through the cemetery, may always be found at the entrance. Beyond Green- wood and Prospect Park, the same drive siay be profitably extended to Fro^2^sct Park Pace Course, and by grand new Ocean Parkway, to Coney Island, — fine sea-beach, with escellent bathing and great and improving popularity as a I'iding and sailing resort for visitors. [May also I^EW TOBK CITY. 61b be reached from New York by Falton ferry, and. by Smith and Jay street horse-cars; or by either of the horse-cai hnes to Greenwood, thence by steam to the beach; or by steamer from New York, several times daily during season.] Other Short Excursions will be tho!=!e to the Broolc- lyn Namj Yard, with extensive Dry Dock, Museum of Marine Cariosities, and much of general interest [horse-cars from Fulton ferry, "Nav;y Yard"]; to Fort Hamilton, at the Narrows, junction of the Upper and Louver bays, with fortifications and very fine sea-yiew [drive, or may be reached by Fulton or Hamilton ferry, and horse-cars] ; to Ecergreen Ceme- tery, East New York [drive, or Faiton ferry and Fulton avenue horse-cars] ; to Rockaway Beach and Far Rockaway, picturesque line of coast on the South side of Long Island, celebrated for sailing, fishing, and as a resort always cool even in the hottest weather, owing to the breezes caused by peninsular position, and once made famous by the song commencing: "On old Loner Island's sea pfirt shore. Many an hour I've vvliiie 1 away, Listening to the breakers' roar, That washed the beach oi iiockaway." [Ferry from James SHd or Thirty-fourth street to Hunter's Point for Lon:^' Island j-tdkjad; or ferry from foot of Grand s reet. East River, ior So'ith- Side B..i.roc.d; or horse-cars to East New York fi'om ^Ife SHORT- TRIP GiriBR Fulton or South ferries, steam-cars to Canarsie and boat to beach; or, daily excursion boat from New York] ^ to Mohohe^i, great base-ball and cricket grounds, and favorite German resort, across the Hud- son, in New Jersey [ferry from Barclay street or Christopher street] ; to Bergen Point, [drive or horsi-car from Jersey City, or train on New Jersey Central Railroad, from foot Liberty street] ; to Pat^ ^rsonfUTidi Passaic Palls [train on Erie Railway, foot Chambers or Twenty- third street: see route North by Erie Railway]; to Neioarh, largest and most thriving city in N"eW Jersey [train on Pennsylvania Bailroad, foot of Cortlandt street; see route Kew York to Philadelphia; or N"ewark and New York Railroad, foot Liberty street] ; to Elizabeth, N"ew Jersey [train on Pennsylvania Railroad, foot Cort- landt street, or New Jersey Central, foot Liberty- street;] to Staten Island^ [New -Brighton, Sailors' Snug Harbor, Port Richmond, Elm Park, &c., by the North Shore boats, from the Battery every hour; and Vanderbilt's, Quarantine, Tompkins- ville., Clifton, &c., by tho East Shore boats, from Battery or foot Dey street. Longer excursions of interest, conveniently made from N"ew York, those to (1) Long Branch, great sea-shore resort on the New Jersey coast, with several miles of tne bluffj boldsurf bathing, admired sea-view, splendid drives and excursions, and an immense number of sum- mer hotels, capable of accommodating fifteeo io HEW YOEK CITY, Cli twenty thousand visitors (among the principal the Ocean Hotel, West End, Mansion House, United States, Brighton, Howland, Pavilion, &,c.), and a present popularity making it the most generally sought and notable place on the American sea- coast. Ifc supplied the summer residence of Presi- dent Grant, and has many cottages of the wealthy. Near it are Eatoniown (with Monmouth Park Race Ground in the immediate neighborhood), Bed Bank, Deal, and other villages of New Jersey. [Reached by boats of the New Jersey Southern Eailroad, to Sandy Hook (with government fortifications and en- trance to the Lower Bay) ; thence rail, by the High- lands of Navesink {^uq elevation, with splendid sea- air and view, and summer-boarding place of merit and popularity — hotels, Tkompso?is, Jeakinson's), Sea- h'ight, &c., [the whole distance within sight of the sea.] Or, by the new All-Rail Route- from New York, from foot of Liberty st., by Central Railroad of New Jersey (Communipaw ferry), and Rahway, to Perth Amboy, Keyport, Middletown, Red Bank, &c., to Long Branch. [From Long Branch rail- way connection to Freehold, and thence to Trenton and other cities of West New Jersey ; or train may be taken for Manchester, Tom's River, and towns of New Jersey further southward; to Atlantic City or Philadelphia.] To (2) Lake Mahopac, pleasant and very popular minor •watering-place, with handsome quiet wooded scenery, islands, fine boating, sailing, fishmg and nU 8E0B1-TBIP GUIDE. other attractions. Beaclied by Harlem Railroad, in a few hours, through the very fine scenery of that line, at the lower edge of the Hudson Hio^hlands. Hotels, the Gregory House, Baldwin House, &g» To (3) Schooley's Mountain {Heath House), mineral springs and popular summer resort, with tine air and charming scenery, in the minor mountains of New Jersey; reached by the Morris and Essex Rail- road, from foot of Barclay street, by Morristoiun, one of the handsomest towns and most popular res- idences in the State, to Hackettstown, v/hence short ride by stage-coach. Also, Budd's Lake, within a few miles of the preceding, and reached by same conveyances — with many attractions of boating, fishing, &e. Also, Lake Hopatcong, with similar attractions to the place last named, reached by the same rai road to Stmhope or Dover, thence carriage or boat to destination. To (4) The Delaware Water Gap {KiUatinny and Water Gap Houses) lying at one of the finest passes of the Upper Delaware, through and among the mountains dividing Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and with superb mountain and river scenery, pure and healthful air, and much popularity as a place of summer resort. Has many features of es- pecial wood 'and beauty, in Behecca's Well, Venus* Bath a'ld Eureka Falls, views from Prospect Bock, Fox Hit, &G. [F om the Water Gap, continuing by rail, may be reached Slroudsburg and the Lack- iV^TT TORE CITY, 6J/ awanna Coal Eegions of Pennsylvania ; or, south- ward, Easton, Philadelphia, &c.] To (5) Green-port, Orient, Babylon, Fire Island, &c., minor watering-places at the east end of Long Island ; and to Jamaica and other places nearer. [Beached by Long Island Kailroad.] Also, to Glen Cove and other near places on that Island, by boat. To (6) West Poii^T,by evening or morning boat or Hud- son Eiver railroad. [See route to West Point, Cats- kills, Albany, &c., Route No. 1.] To (7) New Havej^, Conn. [See Route No. 4, p. 104. By rail on that route, or daily boat on the Sound, leaving Peck Slip every afternoon for that place direct.] To (8) Bridgeport, JSforwalh, and other towns of Con- necticut. [Eail as in Eoute No. 4.] To (9) Hartfoed, capital of Conn. [Eail as in Eoute No. 4, or by daily boat direct.] ROUTE No. 1 -NORTHERN. NEW YOKK TO NIAGARA FALLS AND CANADA, BY HUDSON RIVER, NEW YORK CENTRAL RAILWAY AND CONNECTIONS. Division A. NEW YORK TO AND AT WEST POINT AND HUDSON HIGHLANDS. T-he transit from New York to West Point and the Highlands may be made in from two to four hours, by (1) Hudson River Railroad to Garrison's, thenco ferry to West Point; or by (2) morning boat on the river, to West Point direct; or (S) evening boat on the river, also direct. Either of the latter is prefer- able to the former, for reasons hereafter to be given. By Rail. Leaving New York by rail, on Hudson River Railroad, the first object of special interest, except the high lands at and about Port Washington, stud- ded with fine residences, — is the crossing from New York island to the main land of Westchester, at Kingsbridge or Spuytenduyvel; and on the oppo- site or western side of the river, commence, at about the same pointy ROUTE NO.l.—NOUTBEnN. ^ The Pa-lisadss, immense almost perpendicular masses of rock, rising sheer from the river on that side, in shape suggesting the name, and continuing at various heights of hundreds of feet, for some ten miles, where they break away into rugged hills. Beyond Spuytenduyvel, the first place of impor- tance passed through is the handsome small town of YonJcers; then Dobhs Ferry, with the long w^harf of the Erie Railway opposite, at Piermont, and a ferry between; then Tarrytoicn (where the laying over of a train may be well compensated in visiting " Sunny- side," the late residence of Washington Irving, the Major Andre Monument, &c., in the immediate neighborhood); then Sing-Sing, with its strong State-prison buildings, and on the opposite bank of the river a view of the g-orge running back to the celebrated Bockland Lake, from which so much of the best ice is derived. After leaving Sing-Sing, very soon is crossed the Croton Biver, from works on which and the lake of the same name, the New York supply of water is derived. Shortly after crossing the Croton, a mass of rocks, rising conically and crowned with a light-house, on the other or west side of the river, marks Shny Point, cele- brated for the reckless courage displayed in its capture by G-en. Y7ayne, during the Revolutionary War. The next stopping-place of importance is J*eeksHu, on leaving which the Highlands of the Hudson are entered, pre* senting their heavy and picturesque masses on both C4 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. sides of the river, and enchanting the eye with the continual changes, appearances and disappearances made inevitable by the course of the railway through them. The disembarkation from the railway is made at Garrison's Landing, whence ferry-boat and omni- bus to the Military Academy or one of the hotels at "West Point. By Steamboat. Precisely the same features as those indicated by rail, will be enjoyed by boat, with the advantage of both sides of the river being seen in lieu of one, and the additional escaping of the noise inevitable in riding by rail along rocky passes. When entering the Highlands, however, the advantage of the boat is even more manifest, as there is scarcely a river or lake approach in the world, so magnificent as that through the Highlands proper, from Peekskill to "West Point — fine as any one point of the Rhine, and forcibly reminding the tourist of the middle and upper portions of Loch Lomond, approaching and above Inversnaid. It is from boat on the river, especially, that the alternating wild beauty and rug- ged grandeur of the giants of the range, their feet at the very water's edge, can best be appreciated. Morning boats, making this voyage, and then going on up the Hudson- to Albany, leave New York every morning, at an early hour; and evening boats, passing through the Highlands before nightfall, leave every afternoon. DisembaykatioD, froni either, is made at Cozzens* BO TJTE NO. l.—J^OBTEEBN. 65 or the Military Academy docks, at TVest Point ; thence to the hotels by omnibus. At and near West Point. One of the principal attractions at "West Point, consists in the admirable views which can be enjoyed either from Cozzens', the fashionable hotel and sum- mer resort, on the high clrffs below the Military Academy, the Parry House, in the same vicinity, or the West Point, above it, making quiet lounging a continued luxury. This is not true of one direction alone, but of all, the elevation being high and the reaches of the river, above and below, singularly beautiful. Of excursions, the most notable is to Old Fort Putnam, ruins, with some portions of solid wall remaining, lying on a hill westward from the Academy. This fort must always retain its interest, as the "Key of the Highlands" during the Eevolutionary War, and the scene of Arnold's intended treason. The views from it, in all direc- tions, too, are the very finest to be enjoyed in any portion of the Highlands. An early visit will, of course, be paid to the United States Military Academy, which gives the place its peculiar importance, and which ranks among the first of military institutions, with some features of severity attracting peculiar attention. [Information as to modes and forms of visiting can always be obtained at the leading hotels.] In connection with the Academy comes the interesting spectacle, m SBOBT-TMIP GVIDE. Parade of the Cadets (morning and evening) — ■wliicli should not be missed — the evening especially, by any w^ho desire to see the perpendicular in car- riage, the angular in motion, and the sharp in disci- pline. Pleasant excursions may also be made to Butter- milk Falls, in the neighborhood ; and across the river to Cold Spring, and to the Bobinson House, standing four or five miles south from it, where Arnold resided at the time of his treason. Near Cold Spring may also be seen TJndercliff, residence of the late Gen. Geo. P. Morris, the poet. Division B. WEST POINT TO AND AT THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. Northward from West Point, by steamboat on the way towards Albany, from the wharf ; or rail from Garrison's Station, opposite. Assuming that the boat will be taken, and remembering that if pro- ceeding by rail the variation of scene will be very slight — the following will be the most important features, beyond West Point. Emerging from the Highlands proper, and passing "Cro'nest" and "Storm King," the largest hills of the range, and also Cornwall Landing on the left, with much beauty and picturesque scenery in the neighborhood (among other attractions, Idlewild, residence of the late N. P. Wilhs), and Fishkill Landiiig on the right, is shoi-tly reached, on the left, ROUTE NO. \.—NOBTMEBN. m Eewbuegh, very slopingly situated on the high, bank, with large river-trade, an imj)ortant railway connection westward to the Erie road, and one^ feature of great importance on the bluff below: Washingtorts Head- Quarters, a revolutionary relic of prominence, with many reminders of the struggle. Chief Hotel, the United States. Above ISTewburgh, though the river is fine, there is no feature of marked interest, until, at the right, is reached PouGHKEEPSiE, a large town with some pictur- esqueness of location, and a triple distinction com- pounded of its heavy river-trade in agricultural products, the manufacture of ale, and the proximity of the noted Vassar Female College. Within a few miles after leaving Poughkeepsie^ the rough scenery is supplemented and completed by the breakiug into view, far ahead and to the left^ of the CatsMll Mountain Range» which thenceforth scarcely leaves the eye of the tourist until arrival — so graceful is the outline, and so beautifally blue the general aspect. Minor landings of Hyde Parh, etc., are passed, to RhineUch, on the right, v/here landing is made for Rondout and Kingston, on the opposite side (con- nection by ferry), and for The Overlook Mountain (House burned, but very ^ soon to be re-erected) at great height on the southern portion of Jthe Catskills, and commanding a most magnificent view, especially eastward and 68 SHOET-TRIP GUIDE. southward. Also with many attractive features Id the neighborhood, in the Demi's Kitchen, Cleft in the Hocks, Pulpit Bock, Overlook Cliff, &g. Also, at a lit- tle distance, Shoe Lake, a beautiful and attractive sheet of water. [Reached from Rhinebeck by ferry to Rondout, thence by rail to West Hurley ; thence by stage-coach, by the Sawkill Greek and Woodstock, to destination. May also be reached by evening boat, direct from !N"ew York to Rondout, thence as before.] Beyond Rhinebeck are passed Barrytown and other landings on the right, Maldeii and others on the left, to CatsMll Landing, point of disembarkation for the Mountains, and of crossing from Oah Hill Station^ for those who have come up by the rail. Also, popular sum.mer resort, at the Prospect Park House, immediately above, with fine grounds and admirable view; at the Powell House (posting-house for the mountains, on the wharf) &c. [Oatskill Landing may also be reached by evening boat from New York direct, and direct connection made for the moun- tains.] From Oatskill Landing by stage-coach, always in waiting for boats and trains, by Catskill Village, the Half- Way House, and at one-third distance of the ascent of the Mountains proper, the Rip Van- Winkle House, with a broad flat rock beside it, on which tradition alleges the sleep of Irving's hero to have taken place. Views over the Hudson Valley are very fine, before reaching the nOTTTE NO. 1.— NORTHERN'. 69 CatsTcill Mountain House, among the highest of dll American places of eastern sojourn, and in many regards the superior of all others on the continent, as to situation. The view from the house, over the Hudson river and valley, is wonderfully extensive and beautiful ; and Sunrise, as seen from the piazza, is scarcely second to the same spectacle from the famous Swiss Ehigi. Of excursions, there are many and most pleasing. The most interesting (longer ones by carriage, always in readiness) follow. To Kautershill Falls, wild and romantic basin, with two cascades, of 180 and 80 feet, and picturesque in every aspect, above and below, besides being -sur- rounded by wild and grand mountain and ravine scenery, and views of High Peah and Round Top, the two giants of the range, obtainable from different points. (The Laurel House, a popular place of so- journ, standing at near the verge of the falls, affords residence to the many who wish to study the splen- did scenery in this immediate neighborhood). To the Lakes, small sheets of water, lying in ])rimeval wildness; short walk from the Mountain House, oi on the way to the Falls. Through the Clove, one ot the most remarkable mountain clefts in the world, from Palensville towards Hunter, with views of the beautiful Faivn^s Leap Fall. To Plauterkill and Stony Cloves. To Parker's Ledge, overlooking the Clove. To Moses* and Sunset Bocks. To the tops of the South Mountain, North Mountain, etc. To the top of High Peak, laborious ascent, but with magnificent view, etc. 70 BEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. Division G. CATSKILL MOUNTAINS TO AND AT ALBAiq-Y AKD TEOY. Leave Catskill hj rail from Oak Hill Station ; or by boat from New York from Catskill Landing; making landing at HiTDSOi^j on the east side of the river, a large and thriving town, with considerable manufactuires. [Point of departure for Lebanon 82Jri7igs and the Shaker Village connected with them ; as also for Columbia Springs ; both minor watering-places of salubrious situation and increasing popularity. Also, railway connection east for Boston.] From Hudson, through scenery much tamer than along the Lower Hudson — past Athens (whence there is a railway to Albany), Coxsackie, JSFeiu Baltimore, etc., on the left; and Stuyvesant^ KinderJiooh (residence of the late President Martin Van Buren), Castleton, etc., on the right — to Albany, Capital of the State of New York, some* tyhat picturesquely, situated on rising ground, on the west bank of the Hudson, with Greenhusli opposite; the river spanned by a railway-bridge of recent erection and a certain celebrity on account of the opposition made to it by the residents of Troy, nigher up the stream. It has great commercial importance, as the virtual head of sailing-vessel navigation northward ; as a heavy lumber and tim- ber depot; and especially as the point at which ih% ROUTE NO. 1.—N0BTHEBK 71 immense carrying-trade of the Erie and Champlain Canals enters the Hudson. The buildings best worth a yisit and observation are the Capitol (now being replaced by a much finer erection), with the Senate and Assembly Chambers (legislative sessions from 1st January to 1st April) ; the State Library, adjoining ; the State House, with government offices ; the Dudley Observatory, rapidly assuming position as one of the first institutions of the kind in the country; the State Arsenal; the University ; the Medical College (with Museum) • the City Hall ; State Normal School, &c. Eides from Albany are many and attractive — especially to the Cemetery (one of the handsomest in the State), to Colioes Falls, Lansingliirgh, and other handsome and thriving villages at practicable distance, and to some one of the Sliaher Villages lying northward— at the latter of which (as at Lebanon), the most odd and peculiar of all forms of worship may be encoun- tered. Leading hotels at Albany, the Delavan, Stan- wix Hall, Congress Hall, &c. From Albany, by street-car, omnibus or boat to Teoy, some eight miles up the rapidly-diminishing river from the Capital, where will be found nearly a rival of the latter in size and population, its superior in beauty of location, and not only a flourishing town in general manufactures, but one of the most extensive lumber and timber depots in the world. It lies on both sides of the river — the eastern portion called by the common name, and the western. West 72 SHORT-TRIP QJJIDE. Troy. There is much manufacturing, of various V heavy kinds in both divisions, but especially in West Troy, where street-cars, stoves and oilcloths are among the principal articles, while at the Watervliet Arsenal (United States government) tbs founding of small arms and munitions of war is carried on very extensively. Troy has also additional promi- nence from the junction of the ISTorthern, "Western and Eastern lines of railway, here occurring ; it has some churches of prominence {St. John and 8L Paul, the principal) — the Rensselaer Polytecliiiic In- stitute, and the Female Seminary, both popular in management and extensive in influence. Two slight eminences, ■ near the town, bear the ridiculously classical names of Mt. Ida and Mt. Olympus ; and there are two pretty cemeteries — Oakwood and Mount Ida. From Troy, also, may be conveniently reached, by carriage or other conveyance, Oohoes, Lansingburgh, &c. Division D, NEW YOKE TO ALBANY OR TROY BY NIGHT-BOAT. Those who have before made the passage of the Hudson from New York to Albany by daylight ; or those who intend to return by some day-route, and so do not wish to consume time or experience fatigue on the route northward before reaching Albany — will be able to make the transit, so far as the latter place, by night-steamers on the Hudson, leaving ROUTE NO. 1.— NORTHERN. «J New York at 6 P. M., finding luxurious accommoda- tion for eating and sleeping, on board, and reaching Albany or Troy at so early an hour in the morning as to ensure connection with the trains for either the jN"orthern, Western or Eastern routes. For this transit two lines present themselves : the People's Line (N"ew Jersey Steamboat Company), in the yery large and splendid boats of which the full luxury of American river-navigation is seen; and the Citizens' Line (the Troy Citizens' Steamboat Company), displaying less splendor though supply- ing strong and efficient boats, and making a special- ty of reduced prices as compared with the People's Line. Going by either of these lines, in the long days of midsummer, a considerable portion of the scenery of the lower Hudson is passed through before the dis- appearance of daylight; and if time at or near the full moon can be chosen, the sail under such cir- cumstances through the Hudson Highlands affords aspects of peculiar beauty not otherwise attainable. Division E, ALBANY OR TROY TO AND AT TRENTON FALLS. The New York Central Eailroad will be taken at <5ither Albany or Troy, bending westward, up the very handsome though narrow Valley of the MoJiawh, considered one of the finest in America for tracts of quiet beauty in scenery; n SHOMT-TMIP GUIDE. and often witliin sight of that wonderful enterprise in original construction and present capacity of con- veyance, the Erie Canal, which crosses the whole State between Lake Erie^ at Buffalo, and the Hudson, at Albany ; —by ScJie^iGctady , a quiet little old town, principally celebrated as having been the scene of a dreadful conflagration and massacre by the Indians, during the Eevolutionary "War. [Railway branches here for Saratoga, Lake George, Lake Champlain and Mon- treal, for those who prefer.] From Schenectady, by minor stations of Fonda ; Palatine Bridge [point of disembarkation for Sharon Springs, reached hence by coach] ; Fort Plain [whence coach conyeyance to Otsego Lake, Cooperstown (residence of the late Fenimore Cooper) and Glierry Valley] ; Little Falls (where particular attention is due to the wondrous river-and-rock scenery of the pass on the left) ; and Herkimer— to UriCA, one of the flourishing large towns of Cen- tral New York, and Capital of Oneida County. It is pleasantly situated on rising ground on the south side of the Mohawk Eiver, and is surrounded by very fertile lands, from which proceeds, at the hands of the Welsh and other residents, one of the principal cheese-manufactures of the country. The town stands on the site of old Fort Schuyler, of Revolutionary fame ; is an entrepot of both the New York Central- Railroad and Erie Canal ; and has a peculiar though melancholy attraction in the large and well-managed ROUTE NO^ l.—NOBTHEBF. ' 75 State LunaHc Asylum, Driyes around Utica are. numerous and excellent. Prominent hotels at Utica, Baggs* and the American^ Lay oyer at Utica one day or more^ and proceed, either by carriage direct, or by cars of the Utica and Black Eiyer Kaih'oad to South Treniom and Trenton Falls Station (thence by omnibus), to TEEi^TOK Falls, on West Canada Creek, branch of the Mohawk River — a series of cascades unexcelled in the world for picturesque beauty. The principal falls are fiye in number, successively, passing up the stream, the Slierman Fall, High Fall, Mill-Dam Fall, Allianibra Fall and Rochy Heart. To appre- ciate and enjoy them thoroughly, the tourist needs to descend the bank, by stairway, to the rocky level at the bottom, as far as practicable, and pass up along the left bank, on an irregular line of shelf- path, easily found, and presenting little difficulty and no danger to the careful. The rock-strata of this remarkable gorge will excite mingled wonder and admiration, — as will the really unique collection of fossils and crystals found in the neigborhood and kept on view at Moore^s Hotel, near the Falls. Re- turning from the extreme point reached, to below the Mill-Dam Fall, the stairway should be ascended, to the Rural Retreat, to view the High Fall from above — and way taken back to tlie Hotel through ^ the fine woods. Return to Utica for pursuance of " route northward. 76 BEOBT-TBIF G UIDE. Division F, ' TKENTON FALLS AND UTICA TO NIAGARA FALLS. Leave Utica by rail on New York Central Kail- road, to Rome, a thriving town, also on the Mohawk River and the Erie Canal. [Here, those who wish to proceed more directly to the St. Lawrence and Canada, may take Rome, Watertown and Ogdens- burgli Railroad, to Watertown, for crossing to Kings- ton and the. Grand Trunk Line in either direction — or to Ogdensturgli^ for crossing to Prescott and nearest route to Ottawa]. Rome, continuing by New York Central, to Syracuse, large and flourishing town of Onon- daga County, at the junction of the Erie and Oswego Canals, with an immense production of salt from the Salt-wells, and the peculiar celebrity of having long been the favorite place for political conven- tions. It is pleasantly situated at the south end of Onondaga Lake. [Railway connection, here, isouthward by the Syracuse and Binghamton Rail- road, to Binghamton and the Erie Railway; and northward to Oswego, on the shore of Lake Ontario, with steamer connection to Canadian ports and down the St. Lawrence. Branch line of the New York Central may also be taken, at Syracuse, diiect to Buffalo^ by AuBURK, flourishing town on Cayuga Lake, and capital of Cayuga County, where one of the New ROUTE NO. l.—NORTEBRK 77 York State Prisons is located, and where Secretary . Seward lias long resided — by Cayuga, Geneva, Can- andaigua (whence branch lines to Rochester and. southward to the Erie Railway at Elmira), Cale- donia, LeRoy and Batavia.'] By main line, from Syracuse, by Clyde, Lyons and Palmyra, to EocHESTER, on the Genesee Eiver, one of the largest towns of Northern New York, and one of the most prosperous. It has a great natural curi- osity, in Genesee Falls, a siugle cataract of eminence, in jumping from which **Sam Patch," the leaper, lost his life, many years ago. Artificially, its lead- ing attractions are the great Erie Canal Aqueduct oyer the Genesee ; the Rochester University and Tlieological Seminary; Mount Hope Cemetery ; St. Mary's Hospital, etc. [Railway connection south- ward to the Erie Railway, at Corning; also by rail to CliarloUe, on the lake shore, whence boats to all points oh Lake Ontario]. Leading hotels, the Os- bom, Congress, Brackeit, &c. From Rochester, by New York Central, by Brock- port, Alhion, Medina, and Lochport (point of en- trance into the Erie Canal, from Lake Erie), to Niagara (village), and ^ Niagara Falls, first natural curiosity of America and admittedly among the first in the world. IS 8E0BT-TRIF GUIDE. Division G, AT AND ABOUT 1S"IAGAEA. Most Students of geography, eyen those who have never traveled, know that the Falls of Niagara lie between the State of New York, and Canada, and that they are formed by the rushing through the comparatively narrow pas^ of the ISTiagara Eiver, over a curved shelf of uneven rocks, of all the mighty mass of water going eastward from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario ; and to a smaller number of non„ visitors are known the additional facts that the JETorss-Shoe Fall (Canadian side) is 1,800 feet across ^ that Goat Island, separating the two, is 500 feet in width ; that the American Fall is only 900 feet in width; that the average depth of descent is esti- mated to be about 160 feet; and that the enormoug amount of 100,000,000 tons of water is believed to pass over the ledge every hour — nearly 1,500,000 tons every minute, and about 25,000 tons every second or beat of the pulse ! Beyond this, no addi- tional statistics need be given, except that the banks of the river, below the falls, have a perpendicular height of about 180 feet, and that the ma&s of water, below, all the way to the Wliirlpool, is compressed into an average space of about 480 feet of width. It is scarcely necessary to say that days of sojourn at the Falls are desirable, to see them in all their varying aspect and become fully acquainted with Mieir beauty (often underrated) as well their gran- ROUTB SO. l.—NOBTHBUN. 79 ^eur. The short-trip traveler, however, will be better served than otherwise, with a brief statement of the points of view most absolutely necessary and most conveniently attained. Of these are (1) that Over the Rapids — view caught in passing from the neighborhood of the Cataract House, by the fragile- looking but perfectly-secure bridge, to Goat Island. It is doubtful whether the cataract itself is more im- pressive than this mad rush of waters, threatening to ,3weep away the beholder at any instant, and sug- "^esting all the images of beautiful rage and fury. (2), From Goat Islandr, over the Canadian Fall, the Danada shore and the lower rapids — with the shape 'if the horseshoe fully defined, and the rainbow al* nost constant during fine weather. (3), From Neiv Oh^rvatory^ below the American Fall, and near the Inclined Railway, with stained glass iot effects, &c* Beached from Prospect Park, in rear of Intern ation al House^ From Inclined Railway, Ferry i-o Canada side. (4), From Prospect Point, (within the Prospect Park,) on the American side, giving the American Fall al- most at the feet, and the Canadian Fall and shore broadly opposite. (5), Fro7n under the American Fall, down-river side, reaching that point by descent of steps or Inclined Railiuay, from Prospect Point. From no other point of view can the impression of the broken bright water really falling from the clouds, be caught in such enchanting perfection. (6), 80 JSEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. From the River, crossing the lower rapids by boat, and looking up to the Falls from the greatest attain- able depth below them. (7), From the Suspension Bridges, especially the npper and smaller one, near the Falls. (8), From the Clifton Ledge, in front of the Clifton House, on the Canadian side — the American Fall being seen from this point to perhaps even better advantage, and the whole ensemble of the Falls bet- ter caught, than even in the view (9), From TaUe Rock, higher up on the Canadian side, immediately at the verge and edge of the Horse- Shoe Fall, always a favorite with experienced visi- tors, and from which point the view in Church's great picture was taken. Descent Under the Falls may be made, by those who have taste for that style of adventure — either by going down the Biddle Staircase, from Goat Island (under American Fall and to the Cave of the Winds)^ or- the staircase at Table Eock (under Canadian Fall, to Termination Roch). ^Neither of these descents should be made, however, without due preparation of water- proof clothing (kept on hand at both points named), and the services of a capital guide. Lunar Island, joined by a bridge to Goat Island on the right, should be visited, in sunlight to see the JRainhow of the Falls in greatest perfection and, in moonlight, if the time of visit so serves, in the chance of seeing that most wonderful of spectacles, the Lunar rainlow* ROUTE NO. l—NOBTHEHN. 81 The Sister Islands (fcliree) are now connected with Goat Island and with each other, by strong and handsome suspension-bridges; and no visitor to the Falls should fail to go out on each of them, for the unequalled view of the Upper Kapids thus to be obtained. That from the extreme outward one is perhaps the finest of all. The Wliirlpool and Whirlpool Rapids^ three miles below the Falls, on the American side (elevator to descend to the river-side, at the latter), show some of the most terrible rushes of water in the world, and also the outlet, beyond, into the deep-banked river. Other Sp^ots to be profitably visited at and near the Falls, may be named Grand Island, very large island, above (reached by ferry) notable as the spot where Major Mordecai , M. ]N"oah, of New York, some fifty years ago com- menced to build what he believed to be the City of Restoration of the Jews. (Monument commemora- tive, still remaining) ; . Burbling Spring, within a short walk above the Falls, on die Canada side, showing some rare phe- nomena in liquid combustion ; Lundifs Lane (Canada side — carriage), scene of the Battle of Chippewa (1812), with observatories and many stories of that battle ; Queenston and Leiviston, opposite towns on the Niagara Eiver, seven or eight miles below the Falls ; the former (Canada side) with a handsome monu- 83 8H0RTTBIF GUIDE. ment to tlie English General Brock, who fell here in 1812. Prominent hotels at Niagara, the Interna^ tional, Cataract and Parh Place, on the American side ; and the Clifton, on the Canada side. [From Niagara (Suspension Bridge) through Canada, by Great Western Eailway,. to Detroit, Chicago, and the West (including California) ; or, Niagara to Buffalo, and West by the Lake Shore Eailroad; or, by the Grand Trunk, to Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, and other Canadian cities; or, rail to Kingston, and thence boat to and down the Eiver St. Lawrence to Montreal, etc, [See Cana- dian routes.] ROUTE NO. 2 -NORTHERN. N"EW YORK TO BUFFALO, NIAGAEA FALLS AliO) CANADA, BY THE ERIE RAILWAY. Leave Xew York (by morning train, for enjoy- ment of Delaware and Susquehanna scenery) by ferry from foot Chambers St., or foot 23d St, to Long Doch at Pavonia (New Jersey), midway, be- tween tlie towns of Hoboken and Jersey City — the immense range of wharf commanding admiration for the enterprize which has created the wdiole from tide- water and useless marsh; and its importance for a short time added to, as the site of the piers and houses of the White Star Line of Steamers to Liverpool, now removed. From Long Dock, by rail, on the Erie Railway; the first point of interest after departure being the Bergen Ihinnel, through the West Bergen Hills, reached within a few moments after leaving the wharf, three-quarter mile in leugth, and considered a most costly and elaborate piece of engmeermg, until dwarfed by recent examples in the same line. Be- yond, the first town of any importance passed through, is Patersox, New Jersey, capital of Passaic County, in that State; the town presenting many interesting 84 8E0BT-TBIP GUIDE. features in manufactures and industry. Paper, cot- ton, silk and other fabrics are extensively produced ; and iron and steel working haye eyen more promi- nence. The Ivanhoe Paper Mills, here, are the most extensive in the country ; Paterson foundries boast of being able to produce steamship-shafts and other heavy irons, of greater size than any others in Ame- rica ; and two of the most successful and notable of the establishments for the manufacture of locomo- tive engines, in the world, are located here — those of Grant, and of the Rogers Co., of whom the former won the great gold medal at the French Exposition ot 1867, for the splendid locomotive '' America." Within the boundaries of the town are also to be seen the Passaic Falls, on the river of the same name- well v/orthy the tourist's attention, from the peculiar character of the chasm into which the river leaps, and the rock-scenery in the vicinity. Beyond Pater- son, the scenery, which has so far been tame, rough- ens and becomes better worthy of notice, as the hills of Orange County begin to break into view; and thenceforth, for a long distance, it may be said that the Erie road is one of the' most picturesque in America — a marvel of wild natural beauty in sur- roundings, as well as of enterprize in engineeringo At Siiffern^s Station [junction with the old road, now used for freight only, to Piermont, on the Hud |9n], commences the fine scenery of the nOUTE NO. ^.—NOBTEEBN. 30 Ramapo Mountains, Gap and Valley, scene of many of General Washington's warlike operations; and the country around and beyond, entering Orange County, in the State of New York, equally cele- brated for the wonderful richness of its dairy pro- ducts — the noted Orange County milk and littter. At Sloatshurg, stage may be taken to Greenwood LaJce, a rural summer resort of much beauty and some popularity. At Greycourt occurs the junction with another and now more important branch of the line — that to Newburgh, on the Hudson. Also, connection to favorite watering-place, Greenwood Lake. At Goshen, connection with Montgomery and Wal- kill Valley Branch, for Kingston and Kondout* Soon after is reached Middleioivn, largest town of Orange Co., with much industry, extensive iron-works, an academy, and a surrounding country at once fertile and picturesque. -Beyond Middletown soon comes into view the mag- nificent scenery, and bold engineering operations con- nected with the great Shaivangunh Mountain, the passage around which, by railway, was once deemed impossible. From this point, alternate rock cuttings of great depth and length, and magnificent views over the Neversink Valley and into the wild gorges of the Upper Dela- ware (river), of which the first comprehensive views are caught shortly before reaching Port Jervis, a village picturesquely situated among the mountains, at the point of junction of three 80 SHOBT'TRIP GUIDE. States — New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and once enjoying evil repute from the facility with which doubtful characters residing there could quick* ly change their State and thus baffle the officers of justice. It is now a place of limited summer resort and the end of the first or Eastern Division of the Erie road. [Falls of the SawMll, fine cascades, six miles distant;, by carriage or stage-coach.] Beyond Port Jervis the tourist enjoys fine views of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, in full opera- tion; and then comes the yet wilder scenery of the Upper Delaware, the road running in many places closely along its high rocky banks, and the en- gineering of the whole line at this section worthy of being remembered beside that of the Rhone Valley road among the heights of Jura, and that of the road through the Apennines between Bologna and Florence. At near Sholiola, perhaps the finest and wildest portion of the railway scenery is passed; though the views approaching and leaving Laclca- waxe7i should' by no means be lost. Passing Mast Hope, Narrowsburg, Callicoon (the latter and indeed all the places lately named, great headquarters for trout-fishermen and mountain-sportsmen generally) and Hancock, At Deposit {^orm.eYlj dinner-station) farewell is bid- den to Delaware Eiver. Beyond this point the grade is somewhat heavy and the ascent slow, until the top of the ridge is reached, after which follows corres- pondingly rapid descent for a certain distance. Not BOUTE NO. 2.—N0BTHERK CT long after commencement of the descent, is crossed the once celebrated Cascade Bridge^ with a single arch oyer a ravine nearly two hundred feet in depth (now changed to a high embankment) ; and here begin to be caught wonderful views over the loyely Valley of the Susque- hanna and the fine Eiver of that name. Yery soon after is crossed the Starucca Viaduct, a splendid stone structure some 1,200 feet in length and about 120 feet in height — considered one of the noblest railway bridges on tb^e Continent, while the scenery from and around it is wondrously lovely and attractive. Still another high crossing is made over a fine wooden trestle bridge, at Lanesharough ; and then is reached Susquehanna, now dinner- station and the end of the second or Delaware division of the road, as well as noted for engine-work and other heavy manufac- tures. Only a few miles beyond is reached Great Bend, another important railway station, and the point of intersection with this road, of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Eoad, from ihQ Coal Regions of Pennsylvania. [Near Kirkwood, next station beyond, may be seen an old wooden house possessing a certain interest as the place of birth of the first Morman prophet, Joe Smith]. The next place of importance reached is BiNGHAMTOK, handsomely situated at the junc- tion of the Susquehanna and Chenango rivers, and deriving its name from an early settler, Mr. Bing- 88 8H0BT-TBIP GUIDE, ham, ancestor on one side of the present noble English banking family, the Ashburton-Barings. Site of the Neiv Yorh State Inebriate Asylum; and a thriving and healthful town. [Connection with the ISTew York Central Eailroad, by the Syra- cuse and Binghamton road.] The next important station is OioegOy a large and handsome village, on creek of the same name, with Glenmary, old residence of N. P. Willis, near it. [Connection, northward, by rail, to Itliaca, handsome town at the head (or south end), of Cayuga Lake, seat of Cornell University, and with much fine scenery in the neighborhood, among which may be noted no less than fifteen waterfalls, varying from 30 to 160 feet in height, and five of them or 100 feet or more. Very hand- some excursions may be made on Cayuga Lake, from Ithaca; or branch rail pursued to Auburn and the New York Central road; or a charming drive taken across country to the head of Seneca Lake, Watkins, and Watkins G-len (see following).] Pursuing route on Erie road, from Ithaca, some half dozen stations beyond is reached Elmira, another chief town of Western New York, on the Chemung Eiver, with handsome scenery, and much thrift and prosperity. [Connec- tions, northward, directly with Niagara F;;lls, by the Northern Central road of Pennsylvania ; south- ward, to Harrisburgh, Philadelphia, &c., by the same road; and northward by same road to ROUTE NO. '^.—NOBTHERK 88(Z Wathins, pleasant village at the head of Seneca Lake, with fine outlook oyer it, and interesting excursions from it, by water or land; aud to Watkiks Glek, only for a few years known to the body of travelers, but now with assured promi- nence as among the true wonders of the American Continent, and already attracting large numbers of visitors from all lands. It has some of the charac- teristics of both Trenton Palls and the Flume at the Franconia Notch of the White Mountains, with others especially its own. As technically de- scribed, the most notable feature is found in a deep ravine or chasm in the hills, through which a stream brawls and struggles in its way to the plain below. In some places the sides of the gorge are not more than twenty feet apart, and rise to a sheer height of two hundred feet. Again they widen, forming a vast amphitheatre four or five hundred feet apart and as many high, and a quarter of a mile in length, with a level floor on which the water spreads out in acres, with a depth of two or three inches. In another place, a steep staircase, almost perpendicu- lar, crosses the ravine in the face of a lofty cascade, having a huge well at its base, of unknown depth, into which the water plunges with great noise and violence. Again, over another fall is formed a beau- tiful rainbow. Another place is filled with deep pools, and another has a sloping water-way of smoothly worn rock, down which the stream rushes with force literally overwhelming and irresistible, j S8S BHOBT'TBIP GUIDE. Says a late writer, of coming out from the Glen : ^' Directly below us is the Tillage, with its straight avenues and streets and an abundance of shrub- bery and tr^es. Stretching away for thirty miles in front is the Seneca, one of the most beautiful lakes in the world. Its width at its southern extremity is about one mile, and its length thirty- six. At some points the width is five or six miles. Some of the most noticeable features of this lake are its great depth — in places nearly a thousand feet ; the entire absence of islands ; the extreme coldness of its waters in summer, and the apparently con- tradictory fact that it never freezes, though located in a high latitude. The drives over the hills in every direction about Watkins are interesting in the extreme, and of endless variety. Oeneva, one of the oldest and most aristocratic villages in Western !New York, is at the foot of the lake, and can be reached by steamboat three times daily. Ithaca, the seat of Cornell University, is at the head of Cayuga Lake, and is twenty miles east of Watkins, over the hills." Hotels at the Glen and vicinity, the Glen Parh, Glen Mountain, Lake View, Fall Broolc, and Jefferson. Pursuing main route on Erie road, at Corning, also on the Chemung, occurs a connec- tion with the coal-fields of Pennsylvania, by Corning and Blossburg road; Also, branch of Erie road runs northward direct to Kochester. EOVTE NO. ^.—KOBTHEBN; 80 At Hornellsville the Erie Railway branches into two main lines, the one leading west, by Salamanca [junction with the Atlantic and Great Western road, south westward to Corry and the Oil Eegions of Pennsylvania] and Dayton, to DuKKiRE, on Lake Erie, terminus of the Erie Railway in that direction, and point of junction with the Lake Shore Railroad for Cleyeland and Toledo (Ohio), Chicago, and other points west and north- west. The second or northern branch of the Erie road? leaving Hornellsville, runs northwestward, by K"unda, Portage (with splendid bridge, of great height, and fine Fall of the Genesee, called Portage Fall), War- saw and Attica, to BurFALO, on Lake Erie, largest town of Western Xew York, and one of the most important commer- cial depots of the Middle States. It only dates f>rom the commencement of the century, owing much of its rapid early progress to the enterprising and unfortunate Benjamin Rathbun, who involved him- self fatally in the attempt to make it the Queen of the Lakes. It is the point of entrance to the Erie Canal, from the Lake, and enjoys an immense grain and other shipping trade with the West, by steamers and large schooners. It has now not less than 40 large grain warehouses, with capacity for storing sis to eight millions of bushels; has very large iron manufactures; has several public grounds — Terrace Park, Niagara, Delaware, Washington, 90 8E0BT-TBIP GUIDE. Franklin and other squares ; has a University, Medi cal School, Orphan Asylum, Marine Hospital, &c. ; and many of the public buildings, including the City Hall, Custom House, Post Office, State Arsenal, Market Houses and some of the Churches (the Ro- man Catholic Cathedral especially) are worthy the attention of even the temporary sojourner. After- noon breezes from the Lake, facilities for water-excur- sions, proximity to the Canadian shore, &c., make Buffalo a charming place of abode during the hot season, though the atmosphere is often too damp for the health of invalids inclined to pulmonary trouble. Prominent Hotels, Tifft House, Mansion House, Bon- ney House, &c. [IkiliUio, by rail to Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge, for Canada and the East, or for the West, (See close of previous route). Or, direct to Sarnia, Detroit, Chicago, &C.5 by the Grand Trunk Kailway. Or, to Dunkirk and the Lake Shore road thence to the West. Or, by Lake steamer to Cleveland and other points westward.] ROUTE NO. 3 -NORTHERN. I^EW TOKK TO SARATOGA, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAMPLAIK AIsTD MONTREAL, WITH OPTIOIi?" OF THE WHITE MOUNTAIN'S. l^ew York to Albany or Troy, as by ISTorthei'iL Eoute No. 1. Thence train on the Eensselaer and Saratoga Railroad along the Hudson and Mohawk Eivers, and with a yiew in passing of the Falls of Colioes, on the latter, and also of the Erie Canal and of Round Lake — to Ballston Spa, once the rival of Saratoga as a place of medicinal and fashionable resort, and still fre- quented by a considerable number of health-seekers, though the largest of the hotels, the 8ans Souci, has long since been conyerted into a seminary, and the tide of summer travel has turned towards the more celebrated springs. Ballston has original adv^an- tages of location oyer Saratoga, the fine creek or small riyer, the Kayederosseras, flowing through it, and materially adding to pleasantness as an abode ; and while as a watering-place it will never quite decay, it may some day see a return to its old popu- larity. From Ballston, half an hour, through very flat though well shaded country, to Saratoga (better known as " Saratoga Springs") — ^the most fashionable of the American Spas. 92 SEORT-miP GUIDK ^ . Division A. AT KWD ABOUT SAKATOGA. This most celebrated of .summer resorts on the Western Continent, with the possible exception of !N"iagara — has few natural features to produce such continued celebrity, its situation being comparatively low, its soil sandy, and its climate decidedly hot in midsummer. But long care and much expense have made its grounds shaded and attractive ; and the number and varied character of its springs have counterbalanced all opposition and given it a popu- larity not likely to lessen during the present centu- ry. During the past few years, speculation (not to call it by any worse name), has joined with liberal en- terprize in providing extraordinary attractions, in the shape of The Race- Course absorbing attention during a certain number of days of the season, and presenting some of the worst features of the English turf, in the way of high betting ; and The Play-IIouse^ in imitation of Baden-Baden and Hombourg, with the addition of being owned and managed by an Honorable M. C. Another and more meritorious feature is The Leland Opera House, near and attached to the Union Hotel, and affording splendid opportuni- ties for concerts, grand balls and other festivals, more pleasant to the sojourners than (it is to be feared) profitable to those providing the accommoda- no Um NO. ^.—NORTHBUW. m tion. Of course the principal source of popularity and profit lias been found in The Springs, of wliich tlie whole number must approach twenty, very different in character, while upon two or three of them has been concentrated, until lately, nearly the whole poimlarity giving patronage to the group. The waters of the Congress lead the list, now, instead of monopolizing as they once did: they are bottled extensively and sent everywhere, as well as consumed unlimitedly at the Spring. After them, of late, have come the ^m- pire, pressing close upon the Congress as an arti- cle of commerce; and no small amount of popularity in the same line is being attained by those of the Hiijlh Rode (held to be specially strong and medici- nal), i\\Q IIcdhor7i, the Constitution, &c., — while the Iodine, the ColicniMa?! and others command exten- sive home-consumption. The virtual " Pump-Iloom" of Saratoga, meanwhile, has been and continues in the Congress Spring, most picturesequely located and best kept, and with fine grounds near to add to its attraction. [Saratoga suffered very severely By fire in 1865 and 186G, two of the oldest and largest of the hotels, the United States and Congress Hall, almost as truly features of the place as the Springs themselves, and endeared by a thousand recollections as well as made classic by Willis' charming sketches, going down in those years. Both of them have since been rebuilt, however, with enlarged accommodation; the 04 8H0BT-TBIP GUIDE. additions have been numerous; and though there haye been supplementary fires among the hotels, in 1871 and 1874, there is no fear whatever of Saratoga permanently suffering from deficiency of hotel ac- commodation. [The hint is worth something, to strangers — that the most delightful time for visiting Saratoga is to be found later than the full season — say in Septem- ber and early October, when the climate is delicious., and when the loveliest sunsets of the world (finer than the Italian) can be enjoyed from the hills just northward.] Excursions from Saratoga are not many or remark- ably varied. The most popular is found in the after- noon ride to the LaJce, three miles distant — a hand- some forest-girded bit of water, with fine facilities for boating and fishing, and with Moon's and AbelFs '^Lake Houses" to supply entertainment to visitors. With this ride is often combined a visit to Barliydfs Mill, on the road — also made classic by Wilhs. Another excursion, generally made, is that to the Battle Field of Stillwater — scene of Sir John Burgoyne's surrender to Genl. Gates in 1777. Prominent Hotels at Saratoga, Grand TJnion^ Con- gress Hall, United States, Clarendon, &c. Division B» SARATOGA TO AND AT LAKE GEOKGE. The route from Saratoga is by cars of the Saratoga and Washington Railroad, to ROUTE NO. Z.—NORTEERK 95 Fori Edward, on the Ilndsoii — site of one of the old fortifications of the French and Indian War period, but now a thriving village, with loicturesqne river- scenery. At Fort Edward branch rail is taken to Glenn's Falls (often called simply " Glenn's"), a village also j)icturesqnely situated on the Hudson, at a pass of the river through rocks of terrible wildness, v/ith a broken fall, at and around which Cooper laid the scene of a part of the ^-'Last of the Mohicans."' Glenn's Falls has also large lime manufactures. Here stage is taken for Lake George, over a moun- tain road affording scenery of equal beauty and grandeur, forming fit introduction to the Lake. Half way between Glenn's and the Lake is passed Bloody Pond^ scene of the defeat of Col. "Williams by the French and Indians under Baron Dieskau, and slaughter of all his force, in 1755, during the old French wars, and of which the name is said to have been derived from the literal filling of the pond with bodies on that occasion. Shortly after leaving Bloody Pond, and on emergence from the forest on high ground, is enjoyed one of the most magnificent views supplied by the Western Continent, in the beautiful ^' Horicon " (Indian name of Lake George) its islands and mountain borderings. Caldwell, south end of the Lake, is tire spot where \ the traveller is set down by the coach; and here and near are located some of the most enjoyable of the hotels welcoming visitors M SEOBT-TRir GUIDE. Eoivinff, Sailing, and Fisliing on Lake George are privileges not to be ignored: the more enjoyable for the wonderfal clearness of tlie water, which often allows the bottom to be seen at twenty or thirty feet, and which won for it from the French the name of "Le Lac du St. Sacrament" and induced the carry- ing of the water to great distances for baj)tismal purposes. The yariety of fish caught — trout, perch, pike, &c., commends it to the special favor of sports- men. It is while on the water, too, that the beauti- ful panorama of the Lake, with its islands and en- circling mountains, admitted to be among the finest on the globe, can best be enjoyed. The Old Forts must command a certain degree of attention from the visitor to Lake George, combin ing, as they do, historical interest with their loca- tion. Of Fort William Henry, the small traces oi embankment remaining lie immediately beside the Hotel of the same name, from in front of which the best views are commanded and the steamboat em- barkations on the Lake are made. Of Fort George, half a mile eastward, considerable portions of the crumbling walls yet present themselves, half buried by earth and overgrown with trees. Leading hotels at Lake George, the Lake House and Fort William ^Henry. 1^ [From Lake George may be visited, by stage- wagon or other conveyance, .Sclirooii Lake a small wild, picturesque sheet of water, lying north-west- ward ; and thence, the lower part of the ROUTE NO. Z.—NOETEERN. in Adirondach Mountams, among the boldest and most interesting chains of the East, and of late years very popular as resorts for pleasure- seekers and i health-seekers who have no objection to "camping- out" and "roughing" it a little. Particulars of special routes, best obtained of those who manage the conveyances; as all other information on such partially-opened lines, must be more or less unreli- able and risky.] Leaving Caldwell for the passage northward, a small steamer is taken ; and the entire passage to Ticonderoga, about 35 miles, is one of the mast charming in any land, affording otherwise unattain- able viev/s of the surrounding mountains and the almost countless islands of the little body of water BO favored, the actual number of which is said to reach nearly or quite three hundred. Among the most notable of these in this part of the Lake, are Diamond Island^ Burgoyne's military depot in 1777; Long Island, north of Diamond ; Twelve Mile Is- land, near Bolton. J^ot far beyond the latter, Tongue Mountain thrusts itself out into the Lake to a great distance (whence the name), forming a part of the Narroius, entered just beyond, under the shadow of Blade Mountain, the highest peak of the lake-shore. North of the N"arrows comes Sallath Day Point, a strip of low, cultivated land, so named, as alleged, by Genl. Abercrombie, from a Sunday morning embarkation of troops made there. Not far beyond, passing the bold headland of Rogers' 98 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. Slide, are passed Priso^iers' Island, used as a place of military confinement by the English during the old French war; and Lord Iloive's Point, where that English general landed to make his attack on Ticonderoga. Directly beyond comes an insignificant landing, at which concludes the beautiful sail on Lake George, and the tourist enjoys a three mile ride, often in a rough wagon instead of a stage-coach^ oyer a rough road that still seems to be unobjection- able and in keeping with the journey, to the ruins of Ticonderoga. Division C. TICOKDEKOGA BY LAKE CHAMPLAIK TO MONTREAL. Crossing from .Lake George, by stage-coach 02 wagon, as above, Fort Ticonderoga will be found only a ruin, with one gable remaining to show its original height. li was first constructed by the French, about 1756, but derives its principal interest from the peculiar mode of its summons to surrender by the madcap Vermon- ter, Ethan Allen, in 1775, the form.ula being : " In the name of the Continental Congress and the Great Jehovah !" It was soon retaken by the British, how- ever, and held during the war., [From Ticonderoga ' detour may be made to Groivoi Point, another place of revolutionary interest, taken at nearly the same time ; and thence may be reached most conveniently by wagon and on foot, Lalce Sanford, Lahe Bender- EOTJTE NO. Z.—NORTHERK 99 son, and beyond the famous Indian Pass and tlie great peak^ of the Adirondack Monntains ; Tah- aivu% or Mount Marcy, Mount Mclntyrei the DiaJ'^ Mountain, etc.] ^ At the "wharf at Ticonderoga, to continue main route northward, steamer on Lake Champlain is taken; and thenceforth, in fine weather, is found a sail of many hours, not often equaled in enjoy- ment. Besides the towns and hamlets studding the shores, there are special points of interest on the Lake in the shape of singular rocks and islands, of which the most notable, below, may be mentioned as SjMt Roclcy an immense mass of ironstone, half an acre in extent, split away from the main only about twelve feet ; the Four Brothers, small islands always haunted and half covered with noisy gulls, like Ailsa Craig; Juniper Island and Rock Dundee, both masses of rocks rising to the height of oyer 30 feet. It is not in these particulars, however, that lies the chief charm of sailing on noble Champlain (130 miles in length, and width varying from \ mile to 13 : area covered, about 500 sq. miles). That principal charm lies in the presence of a noble range of moun- tains at either side : at the right, the Green Moun- tains of Vermont, among the highest in Eastern America ; on the left, at greater distance, the equally noble range of the Adirondaclcs. Landings are made, on the right, at BuRLiisrGTOiT, Vermont, one of the largest and most important towns in the State, with a Univer- 100 8H0MT TBIP G UIDK sity, many fine buildings, manufactures, and a great concentration of railway, steamboat ancl stage-coacli routes. At Burlington are also enjoyed, as from the Lake approaching it, fine views of the two highest peaks of the Green Mountains, Ml. Mansfield and CameVs Hump. Hotels, the American, &c. [At Burlington, rail may be taken, by those who prefer, by 81. ATban^s and St. John^s, direct to Montreai. See Division D, following.] Continuing from Burlington by boat, the J^ake is crossed, norlh-westward, to Plattshurg, thriving town of ^ew York, lying on the west shore, and scene of the land-and-naval battle between the English and Americans, in Sep- tember, 1814, won for the latter by General Macomb and Commodore McDonough. Hotel : FouqiieCs. [From Plattshurg may be visited Eeeseville, a thriving town of Essex County; and thence the Au Scible River, the Saranac Lakes, and the great fishing and pleasure grounds of the lSroRTHEK;s" Adirokdagk Mou:n"taiks. For either, and especially for the latter, stage is taken at Keese- ville, and special routes traced out through particu- lar information locally derived. For any extended advance into the mountains, however, certain pro- visions, conveniences and changes of clothing must be provided, after taking the special local advice above noted, and before leaving the towns on th, aad divides with Springfield pre-eminence in the manufacture of railway and other carriages. Lead- ing hotel, the Bap Slate, From Worcester, by Grafton, FramingJiam, Na- tick (home of U, S, Senator Wilson) West JVewton, Brighton and other minor stations, direct to Boston. [See ahead — " At and about Boston."] Division !B, BY EAIL, BY PROYIDEiTCE (SHORE LIJTE). Leave New York by 12.15 P. M. express of th« New Haven Railroad. (May leave by night-express, but at sacrifice of scenery). Take tickets by "Shore Line,'' as distinguished from those by " Springfield;" and be sure that Shore Line carriage is taken. To New Haven, as from Springfield route preceding. From New Haven, due east (New Haven, New- London, and Stonington road) along or near the shore of the Sound, with closer and still finer views 108 . SEOBT-TJUIP GUIDE than those before reaching New Haven — by Guil- ford, Madison, Clinton &c., to Grossing of the Connecticut River, at Lyme, (At Saylrooh Junction, near, connection by Valley road, south to Saytrooh, north to Middletoiun, &c.) By S. Lyme, and E. Lyme, Waterford, &c., to ]^EW Lois"DOK, at the mouth of the Thames River — a sea-port of some importance, and formerly depot of one of the great whaling-fleets, before the late decay of that trade. [Line of large and fine steamers from and to ISTew York, every evening : communi- cating by rail to and from Boston, by Norwich and Worcester.] Harbor considered one of the finest on the Atlantic coast, and defended by splendid for- tifications, Fort Trumhidl being the principal, below the city and at the right, towards mouth of the harbor. New London, an attractive place of resort and residence in many respects, has a peculiar and melancholy interest as having been long the business place of Benedict Arnold, the traitor, whose sign over one of the old shops is still pointed out. The principal public buildings, worth notice, are the Custom House, Court House, Female Academy^ &e. At the mouth of the harbor the Pequot House is a very attractive place of summer sea-side resort. Prom New London the Thames is crossed by ferry boat (part of train carried over, with through-passen- gers, and lunch on boat) to Groton, on the opposite bank— for some years the depot of another steam- boat line between New York and Boston, now ROUTE NO. L—EA8TEEK 105 ftband6ned. Groton, by rail, still "witliin frequent sight of the Sound, to Mystic, somewhat famous for wooden-ship building, and Stonington, Connecticut, Sound port of some im- portance, lying at the mouth of river of same name. [Line of large steamers to and from New York, ■ every evening : communicating by rail to and from Boston, by Providence.] Stonington, by Westerly and other stations, including Wichford [railroad and steamboat communication direct to iSTEWPORT, in connection with trains] ; and East Greenvnch [old steamboat route to ITewpout in connection with trains] — to Pkoyide]S"GE, capital of the State of Rhode Island, and one of the principal towns of the Eastern States. It lies on Providence River, extending from iSTarra- gansett Bay ; has much beauty in location and enor- mous wealth in buildings and the appointments of residents ; manufactures very extensively, in engines, heavy machinerieo, cottons, prints, jewelries, &c.; and has nearly two hundred and fifty years of anti- quity since its foundation by Roger Williams, when driven from the colony of Massachusetts Bay on account of his religious opinions. It is the seat of JBroion Jlnwersity, a literary institution of the first eminence, with a large and valuable library ; and is also noted for the number and excellence of its public schools. The two handsomest public build- ings ill the town are the Rhode Island Hospital and the Oustom House; though there are very many 110 SEOBT-TEIP G UIDK fine edifices connected with the numerous public charities of the city, among which may be named the Reform School, i\\Q, I>exter Asylum for the Poor^ Butler Hospital for the Insane^ Home for Aged Wo- men^ &c. It lias also several imposing churches, banks and other edifices ; and Swan Point Oeme- tery^ NarraganseU Parle, and other public grounds deserve visit and notice. Tlie Soldiei^^ and Sailors' Monument, recently erected, is also worthy of notice. Leading hotels, the City Hotel, and Aldrich House. [Railway communication with Boston, by Boston and Providence road ; with Worcester, by Providence and Worcester; with Hartford, by Hartford, Provi- dence & Fishkill ; wita Newport, by Providence and Newport; with New London, by Stoning ton and Providence, &c. ; with New York, by road just trav- ersed, and by lines of steamers from Fall River and Newport, &c.], IPawtucTcet, near Providence, is the seat of heavy manufactures, and of the first cotton-mill ever built in America.] Providence, by Pawtucket, Attleboro, Mansfield, Foxboro, Readville, &c., to Boston. Divisio7i C. BY BOAT, BY NEWPORT OR FALL EIVEK, Leave New York, 5 P. M., daily (except late au- tumn, winter, and early spring, when the hour is 4 P. M. — see bills at hotels) by boats of the Narragan- ROUTE NO, L—EASTEBK 111 eetfc Steamship Company, by Long Island Sound, for Newport or Fall River as may be preferred. This route, as well as the other Sound routes about to be named, affords not only a delightful sail, in the cus- tomary fine weather of summer, but conveys a better idea than can otherwise be attained,, of the size and magnilicence of the vessels employed in this transit. Leaving the pier and proceeding past the whole line of the city, then past the islands lying in the Sound or East River, and up the Sound itself, — unequalled opportunities are enjoyed for observing the water- front of the city, the extent of the penal and bene- volent institutions on BlachwelVs Island, RandalVs Island, Ward^s Island, &c., the rocky dangers of Hell Gate, the attractive scenery of the river shores (Long Island on the right ; New York or Manhattan Island on the left) ; the extensive fortifications guard- ing that approach to the city, in Fort Schuyler, at Throg's Neck, etc. — daylight lasting, in the warm season, until all these points of interest are passed, and the remainder of the course up the Sound offer- ing few attractions other than those of a marine character. At an early hour in the morning is reached the end of the route by Sound, and place of debar- kation for those who wish to vist the watering-place and afterwards proceed thence to Boston by rail, — in Newpokt, one of the largest and most important towns of Rhode Island, and one of the most cele- 112 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. brated and fashionable of American eea-side resorts, for the past quarter of a century or longer. It lies on !N"arragansett Bay, at near the entrance from Long Island Sound, and boasts a harbor of peculiar beauty as well as one of a depth of water almost unequalled. It has a fine bathing-beach, markedly safe, within .short-riding-distance of the principal hotels ; and at greater distance are to be found and visited the re- markable groups of rocks known as Paradise^ Pur- gatory, the Hanging Pocks, etc. The Gle7i, the Spouting Horn, Lily Pond and the I>umpling Rocks, are also places of much picturesque interest to visit- ors and residents ; while at some ten miles distant, south-eastward, lie Seconnct Point and West Island, the latter supplying the very best sea-shore-fishing on the American coast. Fort Adams, at near the mouth of the harbor, is one of the largest and strong- est fortifications in the North ; and the ride to it> from the town, is one of the afternoon features of !N"ewport life. Another peculiarity of Newport is the fine sailing in and about the harbor, securing the constant presence of yachts, and many regattas during the season, on a more or less extensive scale. And yet another is to be found in the wide extent of lawned and terraced bluff, overlooking the sea, where are located an immense number of summer-cottages of the wealthy, giving a higher tone to the prevalent hotel-life, even while moderating and to some degree lessening it. One marked object of interest is to be found a-t Newport — the Pound Tower, alternately ROUTE N^O. 4:.—EASTERW. 113 called a iNorse remain and a wind-mill, bnt around which Longfellow, adopting the former belief, wove his marvellously beautiful poem, the "Skeleton in Armor." There are also some patriotic erections and antiquities of interest : among the structures the old State House, Commodore Perry^s Houses the Vernoyi Majision, the First Baptist (7AwrcA (1638), the Perry Monument, &c. ; and of minor antiquities, FranhlirCs Printing Press (now or late in the office of the N'eicport Mercury newspaper), the ancient Chair of State of the Colony, etc. Of modern buildings of merit, the number is considerable. ISTewport has the additional celebrity of having been the birth-place of Gilbert Stuart, the painter, Malbone, the miniature- painter, and Commodore Perry; and Cooper flung round it a romantic interest as the opening scene of the "Red Eover." Leading Hotels: the Ocean House, Atlantic, United States, and Perry. [Above Newport, within convenient riding or sail- ing distance, lies the fine eminence of Moimt Hope, with interesting reminiscences of the Indian King Philip, and splendid views over Narragansett Bay, the city, harbor, &c.] [Newport to Bostok, by rail, by Fall River and connection with the Old Colony road, or by Provi- dence.] If not wishing to stop at Newport, and still ^vo- ceeding to Boston, on some New York steamer from which debarkation has before been supposed, 114 BEORT-TRIP GUIDE, the route will be pursued by remaining on boat until its next and final landing, at Fall Eiver, a thriving manufacturing town on Taunton River, eastern branch of Narragansett Bay, within the State of Massachusetts though near the Rhode Island border. Peculiarly noted for works in machinery, in heavy irons, and in cottons and prints. [Communication with Newport and Providence by boat and rail.] Moimt Hope, before alluded to, is in view from Pall River and may be most conveniently reached from this point ; and the bridge connecting Rhode Island (island) and the main land is near, at Tiverton. Pall River to BostoivT, by rail of the Old Colony Road. Division D. BY BOAT, BY IfEW LOHDOK, NOEWICH & WORCESTER. Leave New York, 5 P. M., by boats of the Norwich and Worcester Line, on the Sound, the route displaying precisely the same fea- tures as that before named, (except that the run by sea is shorter and less exposed in rough weather, and that rail is taken at an earlier hour) to New London [see previous description.] ■ New London, by rail on the Norwich and Wor- cester road, to Norwich, very old and handsome small town of Connecticut, picturesquely situated at the head of navigation of the river Thames, with its steep streets ROUTE NO. 4:.— EASTERN 115 literally lying on terraces, but many manufactures, much commercial prosperity, and no small number of old buildings recalling the early historic days of the State. From Norwich, still by rail of the Norwich and Worcester road — by Plainfield [junction, for Provi- dence, Newport, &c.], by Putnam, Webster, Wokces- TER, &c., to Boston. Division E, BY BOAT, BY STOKIKGTOI^ AHD PROVIDEiq'CE. Leave New York, 5 P. M., by boats of the Stoning- ton Steamboat Company, on the Sound, with same features as those of two previous routes, though less extensive in sea-voyage than that to Newport, and longer than that to New London — to Stokikgtok, Connecticut (before referred to in Shore-Line route by rail), at mouth of Stonington river, near the Sound, Stonington by Providence, by rail, with same features shown in that division of the Shore-Line rail route, to Bostoi^. Division F. AT Ajq-D ABOUT BOSTOi^, WITH EXCURSIONS, Bosto:n', Capital of the State of Massachusetts, one of the largest, most influential and handsomest of the cities of America, and in many regards the most 116 SHORT-TEIP GUIDE. remarkable of all — lies at the extreme western point of Massachusetts Bay, where that body of water is entered by the Charles Eiver; and most of the old city is erected on a jieninsula of several hundred acres, extending up from Roxbury, at the south, and curved around by the wide mouth of the Charles River, which thus divides from it Camhridge on the west, Charlestoiun on the north, and Chelsea and East Boston on the east. All these form parts of the present city, however, by means of different bridges spanning the river mouth and edge of the harbor ; and the result is that Boston seems from some points of view to be almost as completely a '* City of the Sea " as Venice. Northeast of it, at some miles dis- tance, the bold headland of Naliant runs southward from the mainland at Lynn, behind Chelsea point, adding to the picturesqueness of the whole li arbor, as well as aiding the several islands {Castle Island, fortified by Fort Independence ; Governor'' s Island, Fort Winthrop ; George^ s Island, Fort Warren ; Deer Island, occupied by ' House of Industry and other public buildings ; and others, minor in size and im- portance) in sheltering it from the rough winds of the east. An additional feature of the old citj^, or " Boston Proper," is found in three eminences or *slight hills on and among which it was originally built, giving it the name of the ^* Tri-Montane City,'^ and originating the name of " Tremont " so inti- mately connected with it. On the highest of these gtands the State House, the whole city appearing to ROUTE NO. 4:,— EASTERN. 117 elope up to it, and the view, on approacli, being thus rendered peculiarly impressive. With reference to transit through and about Bos- ton, it may be said thai many of the streets, especi- ally in the older portions of the town, are crooked and involved to a proverb, but that the street-car system is very extensive, complete and convenient, and that carriage-hire, though high in comparison to European, is less exorbitant than in I^ew York. Of Streets, the best worth noting are Beacon Street, at the top of the Common, the most fashion- able ; Tremont Street, at the bottom of the Common, blending of fashion and business; WasJmigtoji St.^ nearly parallel with the latter, southward, business centre; State, Congress, and other streets in the neighborhood of the Old State House, financial, law, etc. Other and newer streets and avenues, lying on the Back Bay, west of the Public Garden, are now, however, fasliionable ; and here have been erected the Coliseums for the two great Musical Jubilees. Of PubUc Grounds, Boston has two, within the city proper, of peculiar prominence : the Common, a triangular park of nearly fifty acres, sloping down from the State House, handsomely shaded, with a Pond or Lake, and in an enclosure near the middle, the celebrated Old £'i??^ called the "Liberty Tree; '^ and the Public Garden, adjoining the Common on the West, with a handsome Lake, bridges, floral walks, and a fine statue of Washington, by Ball. , Of Antiquities, principally connected with the 1:1« SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. War of the Revolution, Boston has many of interest : Fmieuil Hall, Faneuil Hall Square, otherwise known as the "Cradle of Liberty," where early meetings of patriots were held (still used for meeting purposes, and containing some national portraits) ; the Old State Ilouse^ State Street ; Bratth Street Church, Brattle Street (with one of the round shot of the Charlestown bombardment still embedded in the front wall ;) Old South Church, corner of Washington and Milk Streets ; Ordway Hall, Province House Court, once the residefice of the Colonial Covernors ; Liherty Tree, Boston Common; and many others of minor consequence. Of Public Buildings, deserving attention, are the State House (Capitol), Beacon Street, with interest- ing military and other memorials, legislative cham„ bers, etc, within, and splendid and extensive view from the roof; Custom House, foot of State Street ; Excliangc, State Street (Post Office below) ; Court House, Court Square ; City Hall, School Street (colos- sal statue of Franklin, in front); 3£assachusetts General Hospital, Allen Street; City Hospital, Harri- son Avenue ; Quincy Marhet, adjoining Faneuil Hall ; Boston Public Library, Boylston Street; Masonic Temple, corner Tremont and Boylston Streets, etc. Other erections of interest, the Boston Water Worhs (Reservoir), Derne Street; the i)ViV/V7e5, connecting the various suburbs with the city proper; the Wliarves (Long, India, Central, Commercial, etc.), several of them of great extent and the system the best on the Continent. ROVTE NO, 4.r-EA8TEIlN. 119 ' Of Monuments, of course, the first place is taken by the Bunker Hill Monument^ on Breed's Hill, site of the Eevolutionary battle of the first name. It is a plain obelisk of granite, of great height, ascended from within, and from the top commanding a most extensive and magnificent view. Near it stands the 'Warren Statue^ in honor of Dr. Joseph Warren, who fell in the battle. In State House, statue of Wash- ington, by Chan trey ; and in front of same building, bronze statues of Daniel Webster and Horace Mann (great Massachusetts organizer of education). In front of City Hall, colossal Franklin, before noticed. In Public Garden, equestrian Washington, by Thos, Ball, also before noticed. Churches of prommence : 8t, PauVs (Episcopr.l), Tremont Street; Christ Church (date 1722), Salem Street ; Old South (date 1730), Washington and Milk Streets; ^m^J^^Ze /S'^ree^^ (Unitarian— date 1773), Brattle Street ; King'^s Chapel (Unitarian — date 1750), Tremont and School Streets; Parh Street (Congre- gational, with finest spire in the city), Park Street, facing Tremont; Central (Congregational: consid- ered the handsomest in the City), Berkeley and IsTew- bury Streets ; Trinity (Episcopal — date 1735), Sum- mer and Hawley Streets; Tremont Temple (general devotional) Tremont Street ; Immaculate Conception (Roman Catholic), Harrison Avenue, &c., &c. In Libraries and Literary Institutions Boston is peculiarly rich, the intellectual and educational status of the City being especially enviable. Among 120 8B0BT-TBIP GUIDE the more notable libraries may be mentioned the Boston Public Library j the AthencBum, (with gal- lery of paintings and sculpture) ; the Mercantile ; American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Natural History Society ; Massachusetts Historical Society; State, Laiu, General Theological, and others. Commercial Buildings of much merit in architec- ture abound in Boston ; though many of the finest on Franhlin, Devonshire, Summer^ Washingtoii, Congress, and other streets, were destroyed in the great fire of November, 9-lOth, 1872 — the .largest ever occurring in America, after that of Chicago, and involving the loss of 170,000,000. Boston has won- derful powers of recuperation, and great intrinsic /resources, however; and already displays all ita former magnificence, with many improvements. Principal Theatres, etc. the Boston Theatre (opera- house, at intervals), Washington Street; Globe Theatre (late Selwyn's), Washington Street; Boston Museum, Tremont Street ; Hoiuard Athenmitm, How- ard Street; Music Hall, Winter Street, near Tre- mont (with organ of immense size and power, se- cond in the world), etc. Prominent Hotel Build- ings (also Hotels): the American, llsmoYev Street; Barker, School Street; SL James, Newton Street; United States, Beach Street; Tremont, Tremont Street ; Revere, Bowdoin Square, etc. Excursions from the City, on foot, by horse-car, or cai'riage, include those to Harvard University, Cambridge, with 15 buildings, an Anatomical Mu- , . ROUTE NO. L-^EASTEBN. 121 seuirj, an Observatory, and the first educational rank in the Western World ; to the Wasliington Head Quarters (now residence of Professor Longfellow, the poet.) also at Cambridge, with Tree, under which Washington took command of the American forces; to Mount Au'burn Cemetery^ four miles from the city, with Tower, commanding excellent view; Chape], containing stained windows, busts of Adams, Win- throp, Story, &c. ; and Spurzheim, Bowditch, and other handsome and attractive monuments in the grounds; to Forest Hill and Mount Hojoe Cemete- ries^ Eoxbury ; to Woodlaivn Cemetery, near Chelsea ; to Cocliituate LaJce^ v/hence the water-supply for Bos- ton is drawn ; to Wenliam Lahe, whence is derived most of the American ice-supply for Europe ; to Fresh Pond, a place of summer resort near Mount Auburn, etc. Those by boat or carriage will include Nalmnt, bold headland on the east of the harbor, once a fashionable watering-place, and always cool, attractive and pleasant ; Lynn, near ]N"ahant, famous as the head of the shoe-manufacture of the world ; Clielsea Beach, Siuampscott and Fhillvps^ Beach, northward of Xahant ; Nantashet Beach, south side of the harbor, etc. From Boston, also, may be conveniently reached [by Boston and Lowell railroad], Lowell, large and thriving town on the Merri- mac River, at its junction with the Concord. It is the largest of the American manufacturing towns, and considered the Manchester af the Western W SnORT-TRlP GUIBK World, not less than 50 to 60 large mills being em- ployed in the mannfactnre of cottons, prints, woollens, etc., and the operative labor reaching to the nnmber of from 14,000 to 15,000, a large majority females, of rare intelligence for their class. The Patotuclcet Falls, near the city, furnish, the water-power for all the Hills, many of which, with the Falls themselves and some of the principal buildings and public grounds of the town, are worth examination. Lead- ing Hotels : the Merrimac, WasJiington, and Ameri- can, [Rail connection to Groton . for all points westward; to Nashua^ for points northward; to Laiurmce, eastward, etc.J May also be conveniently reached from BostOHj south-eastward, [Old Colony road], Plymouth (•' Plymouth Rock''), place of landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, with Pilgrims' Hall and many interesting relics of the early settlement ; and New Bedford, on Vineyard Sound, at the head of what remains of the whaling business, and a sea- port of picturesque location and pirominence ; or [by same and Cape Cod railroad], Cape Cod, Yarmouth, Hyannis, and all that wild and desolate but interesting section of the Atlantic coast. May also be conveniently reached from Bostouj (by Eastern railway, by Somerville, South Maiden^ Chelsea, Lynn and Swampscott), Salem, very old town and port on the coast, with a certain celebrity on account of the witch-burningi ROUTE NO. L-EASTEBF. and other events of Colonial times, and very pictur- esque in location and many of its buildings ; but much more notable, now, as at one time the residence of ISTathaniel Hawthorne and scene of his " House of the Seven Gables" and other stories. Also (by Fitchburg Railway), Concord, on the Concord branch of the Merrimac River, noted for beauty of scenery in the neighbor- hood, and in connection with the literary labors of Henry D. Thoreau, Hawthorne, and others. Also maybe visited by rail from Boston to "Wood's Hole, and boat ; or from Fall River (New York boat) ; or by steamer from New Bedford, Martha's Vikeyard, island off the coast, spot selected every year in August for the great annual Camp-Meeting of the Methodist denomination, and now becoming a place of popular resort for bathing and sea-shore residence, with hotels. (May also be reached, direct from New York, by steamer for Portland). ROUTE NO. 5 -EASTERN. BOSTOK TO POETLAND, QUEBEC AKD MOI^TREAL, BY BOSTOK AHD MAIi^E, EASTEKiT, AHD GRAKD . TEUInTK EOADS. Division A, BOSTOIT TO AKD AT POETLAKD, BY BOSTO]^ ANB MAII^E EOAD. Leave Boston by rail on the Boston and Maine railroad, by Medford^, Melrose, South Reading Junc- tion [connection for ISTortli Danvers, Georgetown and Neivturyporf], Eeading, }Vihningto7i Junction [connection for Lowell], and minor stations, to Laweehce, large manufacturing town of the State of Massachusetts, with heavy specialty of cotton and prints, lying on the Merrimac Eiver, whence, by means of a dam, the important water-power is de- rived. Some of the mills are of immense size and capacity, employing operators to the number of thou- sands. Has a Common, a Gity Hall, and other build- ings worth notice ; and an Operative Library form- ing a special feature. [Kailway connection with Lowell, and thence with Nashua and the North, with Boston and the South, &c. ; also Northwest with Manchester, Concord, &c.] Lawrence by N. Andover, Bradford [connection for Georgetown and Newluryport^ Haverhill (with fine long Bridge over the Merrimac to Bradford, and BO TJTE NO. ^.—EASTEBN. 125 some educational institutions of prominence), Atkin- son, Newton, &c., to ExETEE, ]^ew Hampshire, lying on Exeter River, and a place of importance in coasting commerce and manufactures ; thence by S. Newmarket to Newmarhet Junction [connection west to Concord and the Franconia Eange of the White Mountains; and east to PoETSMOUTH, New Hampshire, on the Piscataqua River, second city of the State in importance, with a large and very fine harbor ; a United States Navy Yard ; and a connection, by bridge, with Kittery, Maine, also an important naval station. From Portsmouth can be reached Rye Beacli and Hampton Beach ^ attractive bathing-places on the ISTew Hamp- shire coast, and the Isles of SJioals, off the coast, celebrated fishing and summer resorts.] Pursuing the main line, Newmarket Junction, by Newmarket, Durham, &c. (within sight of the broad Piscataqua) to Dover, New Hampshire, thriving town on the Piscataqua. [Connection, west, for Alton Bay, Lake Winnepesaukie, and the White Mountains.] Dover, by Salmon Falls [connection for Great Falls, Rochester, and to Alton Bay, &c.] ; by South Berwich Junction [connection eastward for Kittery and PortsmoutW] ; by Wells, Kennebunk, Biddeford, Saco (large manufacturing village on the Saco River,, with extensive water-power and very handsome Laurel Hill Cemetery), West Scarboro, Cape Eliza- beth, and minor stations, to 126 SEOET'TBIP eUIDE, PoRTLAKD, Gommercial metropolis of the State of Maine, and one of the most important cities of the East, lying on a peninsula at the Southwest of Casco Bay, with a very handsome and convenient location and one of the deepest and best harbors on the At- lantic coast. The harbor has many fine islands, and is defended by Fort Preble and other extensive forti- cations. A great fire, in 1866, destroyed a large por- tion of the city, but the marks are now only visible in the increased beauty of the well-laid-out and handsomely-shaded city. From the Ohservatory, overlooking the harbor, fine views can be caught over the sea and coast, and over the distant country, West to the White Mountains. The most extensive thoroughfare is Congress street, which runs the whole distance of the peninsula. Among the most notable buildings are the City Hall, Court House, Marine Hospital, and some of the churches, manufacturing and commercial structures. The Atheneum and Mercantile Library have fine libraries; and the Natural History Society possesses an excellent cabi- net of varied character. Excursions from Portland include the Islands in tlte Bay ; Cape Elizabeth, a favorite bathing and fishing resort on south side of tne Bay; Sebago Pond; and many of minor inter- „est. Prominent Hotels at Portland : the Falmoutliy Preble, <&c. [The Allan Lines of steamships between Liver- pool and Glasgow, and Halifax, Quebec and Mon- treal, make Portland an important depot at all sea- ROUTE NO, 6,—EASTMBN. 127 sons and the port and end of sea-route in the winter season.] [Eailway connection from Portland southward,* by route just traversed; to Montreal and Quebec, by Grand Trunk (see route following); to Augusta, Bwngor, Moosehead Lake, &c., by the Maine Central ; to Lake Winnepesaukie and the White Mountains, by the JSTorth New Hampshire, &c.] Division B, EOSTO:S" TO PORTLAND, BY EASTER]^ RAILROAD. Leave Bostoii by rail on the Eastern Eailroad, by Lykx, important manufacturing town, on the upper side of Boston Harbor, with specialty of the most extensive shoe-manufacturing in the world; by Salem, old town and port on the coast, with an important history in colonial times, and interesting reminiscences of Hawthorne (see p. 122) ; by Beverly, celebrated as the home of the peculiar New England dish, " baked-beans " (connections eastward to Gloucester and Cape Ann) ; hj Ipswich; by Newburyport, town and coasting-seaport of prominence, lying at the mouth of the Merrimac Biver, with a fine harbor and much beauty in loca- cation and surroundings, and by many considered^ one of the handsomest towns in Massachusetts. Hotel, the Merrimac House, [Connection west for Bradford, Lowell^ &c.] 128 SEORT-TBIP GUIDE. Newburyport to Salisbury, small town of age and past imporfcance, and with a mingled celebrity as the place where many considerable events in colonial history oc- curred, of which, and past residents, many inter- esting monuments remain in the neighborhood — as also as the birthplace of the mother of Daniel Web- ster, as that of Caleb Gushing, &c. [Connection westward is made from Salisbury to Amesdury, pil- grimage of no secondary importance as the home of one of the first of American poets, JoHisr G. Whittiek.] Salisbury to POETSMOUTH, leading seaport and naval depot, belonging to the State of !N"ew Hampshire, and the only marine port of the State ; lying at the mouth of the Piscataqua Eiver, with fine harbor, United States ^tJTavy Yard, costly dry-docks, and all appur- tenances of such a station ; also with some interest- ing churches, many fine buildings (some very old — among others the Langdon residence), tomb of Sir William Pepperell, well shaded streets, and much celebrity as a place of summer resort, of itself and as a place of departure for Rye Becxh, Eanij^ton Beach, the Isles of Shoals, and other hot- weather .habitats. (See p. 125.) Hotels, the Philhrich Rochingham, City, &c. Across the Piscataqua lies the town of Kittei^y, Maine, yirtually a part of Portsmouth, BOUTE ISfO. ^—eastern: 138« thougli in another State, and forming also a part of tlie naval station. Portsmouth to Comuay Junction (connection westward for Con- way and the White Mountains). To South Berwick Junction. [Connection with the Boston and Maine road, from the southward — iden- tical with this route thence by Kennelunh, Bidde- ford&nd Saco to Poetlakd.] (See p. 126.) Division C. PORTLAND TO QUEBEC OR MONTREAL. Leave Portland by rail on the Grand Trunk Eail- way, by minor stations to Tarmoutli Junction [cod- nection for Augusta, capital of the State of Maine, lying on the Kennebec Eiver ; for Bangor, important town on the Penobscot Eiver ; and for towns and sections farther east] ; to Danville Junction [con- nection for Bangor, for Shoiuliegan and Mooseliead Lake] ; by minor stations to Gorham, at the north- ern edge of the White Mountains [important inter- sections, by stage-coaches, to and from the mountain towns and resorts ; and views of the mountains, in fine weather, peculiarly striking, from all this section of the road] ; to Island Pond [connection, south- westward, with the Connecticut and Passumpsic River Eailway, from Vermont and Franconia Notch sections] ; to Stanstead [carriage communication with Lake Memphremagog] ; to Sherlrook [another im SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. connection with the Connecticut and Pasaumpsio Kiver line] ; to Richmond [point of divergence of the branches of the Grank Trunk road, to Montreal and Quebec]. Pursuing the route to Montreal: Richmond by St. Hyacinthe, St. Brune, St. Ililaire, and other un- important stations, to 8L Lamlert^ on the St. Law- rence River, the Victoria Bridge and Ifontreal, Pursuing the route to Quebec: Richmond by Danville, AriJiabasca [connection by Bulstrode, to Doucet^s Landing, on St. Lawrence River, at lower end of Lake St. Peter ; thence by ferry to Three Rivers, Canada] ; by Becancour, Black River, and minor stations, to Chmuliere Junction [connection for Riviere du Loup and Lower St. Lawrence] ; to Point Levi, on the St. Lawrence, whence ferry to Q^ielec. [For notes of Montreal and Quebec, see Canadian routes.] ROUTE NO. 6 -NORTHERN AND EASTERN. BOSTOiT TO LAKE WIIs'Is'IPESAUEIE, THE WHITE MOUNTAINS AN"D PORTLAKD (OPTIOif OF CAXA- DIAJf cities) — BY BOSTOiT AXD MAI:N"E EAIL- ROAD, &C. Leave Boston by Boston and Maine railroad, as by route to Portland, &c. As by that route, to Dover, J^ew Ilampsliire. Tlience Dover and Win- nipesaukie road, by Gcnic, Rochester [junction with road from Salmon Falls by Great Falls, and its ex- tension northward to ITnionville'\ Farmington, Davis', New Durham and Alton, to Alton Bay, at the extreme southern point of Lahe Winnipesaukie — pleasant residence, with fine views of the Lake and mountains northward, but deriving its principal importance from the railway and steamer transit through it. From Alton Bay a visit should be paid, if time allows, before proceeding northward, by " Lady of the Lake " ct other staunch little steamers on the Lake, to WoLFBORO', on the eastern side of the Lake, a charming summer resort, with fine views, excellent sailing and fishing, and much attraction and popu- larity as a residence. Hotel : the Pavilion. [Stage- coach may be taken at Wolfboro', for proceeding northward to Conway, without visiting Centre Har- 130 BEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. "bor ; but this course is scarcely advisable on a first visit.] Wolfboro^ again by steamboat, through charming lake-scenery, to Oentee Haeboe, larger village on the northern shore of the Lake^ the location of which is considered unequalled by many tourists, as the Lake itself, with its exquisite combination of island groups and wooded shore, with bold mountains forming a back- ground in all northerly directions, is one of the very finest in America and with few superiors elsewhere. Leading Hotel : the Senter ■ Hoiise^ Among the finest points of mountain view, from Centre Harbor and elsewhere on the Lake, may be named Ifounls Salmonbrook, WIdteface, Ossipee. Major, CMconia^ Red Mountain (ascent by carriage and on horseback), Kearsarge and Monadnock. Many and charming excursions are made from the village, on the lakes, to the mountains and elsewhere; and among the most notable is that to Squam Lake, lying a few miles west of "Winnipesaukie very romantic in scenery, and supplying rare trout and other fishing. At Centre Harbor stage-coach is taken, for re- mainder of the route northward to the White Moun- tains. This afibrds one of the most magnificent rides attainable in the world, especially if fine Y/eather allows outside seats on the coach to be used. The road leads up the Saco Eiver, along the charming Coniuay Valley, with views of the Lake district lingering behind, and others of the great BO UTE NO. Q.-^NOETHERN AND EASTERN 131 mountain section continually changing ahead, and with. Mount Wasldngton, the monarch of the east- ern range, often in sight. This ride terminates at NOETH CoiS'WAT, a picturesque Tillage lying in the valley, from which the views of the White Eange are something, in comparison, like those of Mt. Blanc from Chamounix, while the nnmher of easy excur- sions to celebrated points is almost unequalled. It is here that many of the artists' summer sketches, especially of Kearsarge and CMcorua and the higher peaks of the "White Mountains, all in full view, are made ; while the Ledges (grand perpendicular cliffs, nearly one thousand feet in height) Artists^ Brool^; the Cathedral, DianaJ's Batli, &c., are within conve nient reach. Prominent Hotels : the Kearsarge, Washmgto?i, McMilla7i, Cliff, etc. North Conway, by stage-coach or carriage, through Pinhliam Notch, surrounded by the lesser giants of the White Eange, to the Glek House, with much fine scenery in the neigh- borhood, but especially notable as being the nearest of any of the mountain resorts to the great peaks of the White Range, and giving the rarest views of them — as well as the point from which the ascent of Mount Washington is made, by rail. Among the points of interest to be visited from the Grlen, are Tliompson^s and Glen Ellis Falls, the former on the Peabody River, some two miles from the hotel, and the latter on the Ellis, about four miles ; the Crystal Cascade, near Glen Ellis; Garnet and 182 SHOBT-TEIP GUIDE, Emerald Pools, ■vritli peculiar colors indicated by tlieir nameSj &c. But the speciality of the Glea House, as before noted, is the Asce7it of Mount Washington, by railway. The features of this ascent need no description, especially to those who have made Alpine crossings" by rail. It is considered eminently safe, has little fatigue in- volved, and certainly supplies all the elements of the picturesque and the exciting. Stout clothing is ad- visable, if not always necessary. This ascent being made in the morning, the top of the giant will be reached at the most favorable hour, and the wonder- ful vieiu from tlie summit enjoyed, if the capriciou£j weather allovfs that great privilege. This view is quite equal to that from the Ehigi or Pilatus, over Switzerland^ though perhaps lacking the variety in scenery. To the west, in bright weather, are seen the higher peaks of the Green Mountains of Ver- mont ; southwest, some of the White and many of the Franconia Rauge — especially Lafayette; north and north-east, the other great peaks of the White Range, and more distant the mountains of Canada ; east the sea, beyond Portland ; southeast and south those surrounding Lake Winnipesaukie, and that Lake itself; while various rivers, small lakes, towns and hamlets combine to make up a picture of mar- vellous extent and beauty. Dinner is provided at the Tip-Top House, on the summit, where during the last seasons scientists have resided all winter, to make observations. ROUTE NO. ^.— NORTHERN Am) EASTERN. 133 Horses (kept in waiting) and guides should be taken at the summit, and the descent made in the other direction, crossing Mts. FranlcUn, Monroe and Pleasant ; and the three wondrous gulfs,, the G'ldf of Mexico^ Tuckerman^s Ravine, and Oalces' Gulf (some or all of them containing deep snow in midsummer) will be pointed out by the guides. At the end of nine miles' descent will be reached the Crawford House, lying in what is now called the Willey ]N"otch, and nearly at the foot of ifr, Craivforcl, while Mt. Webster and other giants of the range show grandly northwa-rd. The most marked feature in the neighborhood of the Crawford, is the Willey House^ standing at a short distance up the Notch, where in 1826 a landslide from the mountain above destroyed, the family of the same name, and their residence — of which catastrophe many relies are yet pointed out and a few of them still offered for sale. From the Crawford may also be made the Ascent of Mt. Willard, practicable either by car- riage or on foot, and affording a most magnificent series of views from near the summit ; as also visit to the Devil's Den, a cave of peculiar wildness and some danger of access. Also may be visited, from the « Crawford, Gills' Falls, a cascade of much beauty, ' reached by short walk from the house. From the Crawford House, by stage-coach or car- 134 8E0RT-TBIP G UIBE. riage, by tlie White Mountain House, Falls of the , Ammonoosuc, and Betlileliem, to the Peofile House, in the Franconia Notch. [For notes on the Profile House and neighbor- hood, see termination of route: "New York to the White Mountains, by New London, &c." — Koute No. 7.] [The tourist who has made his arrival at the Franconia Notch by the just completed route from Boston, and who yet wishes to return southward without proceeding to either Quebec or Montreal, should pursue one of the following named routes in return, for the sake of variety in direction and scenery. Ist. From Littleton (stage-coach from the Profile House), by rail by Wells Kiver, Plymouth, Weir's Landing, Concord, Worcester and New Lon- don, and steamboat of Norwich and Worcester line from New London to New York. (See route No. 7 : " New York to the White Mountains," reversing.) Or, 2d. From Littleton to Wells Eiver, and con- tinue by rail by White Eiver Junction, Bellows Falls, Springfield, Hartford and New Haven to New York. Or, 3d. From Littleton to Weils Eiver, White Eiver Junction, Bellows Falls, Eutland, Troy or Albany ; and down the Hudson Eiver by boat or rail to New York. Or, 4th. From Littleton to Wells Eiver, White Eiver Junction, Burlington, boat on Lake Ohamplain to Ticonderoga (for Lake George) or Whitehall, Saratoga, Albany or Troy, and boat; or rail to New York.] ROUTE NO. Q.— NORTHERN AND EASTERN. 135 [To go northward from Littleton to Montreal or Quebec. For Montreal, to White River Junction, thence to Burlington, St. Alban's. and St. John^s to the Victoria Bridge and Montreal. For Quebec, to Wells River, Newport (Lake Memphremagog), Lenoxville, Richmond and Arthabasca, to Point Levi and ferry to Quebec] ROUTE M 7.-N0RTHERN AND EASTERN. ISTEW YOEK TO THE WHITE MOUNTAINS AND CANADA, BY NEW LONDON, NORWICH AND WORCESTER, LAKE WINNIPESAUKIE, ETC. ; OR BY NEW LONDON AND NORTHERN ROAD. Division A, BY NEW LONDON, NORWICH AND WORCESTER, 3SERRIMAC AND WINNIPESAUEIE ROUTE. Leave ]N"ew York at 5 P. M., on Sonnd, by K"or- wich and Worcester boat, as by corresponding line for Boston. (See Boston ronte : " By boat by Kew London, &c.") As by that route, to New London, Norwich, and to Worcester, point of separation of the trains east- ward for Boston and northward for the Mountains, Worcester to Groton Junction [connections eastward for Con- cord and Boston; also eastward for Lowell and Lawrence; also westward for the Hoosic Tunnel (immense work of engineering, on the Mt. Oenis plan, not yet completed), for Albany, Trot/, &c.] Yery soon after leaving Groton Junction comes into view the Merrimac River, with the striking and pic- turesque scenery of the Valley of the MerrimaCj considered among the no UTE NO. "l.—NORTHEBir AND EASTERN. 137 Snest rivers in jN"ew England, and thenceforward ac- companying tiie traveler almost to tlie foot of tlie mountains. Next important point is Manchestee, New Hampshire, large and thriving manufacturing village, on the Merrimac, the mills :ind some other factories worthy of attention from those whose leisure permits stoppage, but showing even more than ordinary interest in manufacturing detail, even from the train. Hotel : the Manchester House, Manchester, still along the Merrimac, to Coi^conD, capital of the State of Kew Hampshire, lying on the same river, and pi esenting many points of attraction for visit or residence. It has handsome public grounds; notable public buildings, in the Etate House (recently rebuilt), the State Lunatic Asylum^ State Prison, and some of the municipal and other erections ; and Maiii street, the principal thoroughfare, i% remarkably long, fine and well kept. It has great granite quarries in the neighbor- hood, a considerable amount of manufactures and much general prosperity. Leading Hotel : the Eagle House. [Connection by rail, eastward to Dover, Portsmoutli, &c.; westward "to the Connecticut Valley routes northward and southward, &c.] Con- cord (with distant but very fine views of the Win- nipesaukie and White Mountains commencing, and thence continuing, with infinite variations, to the end of the route), by Sanbornton and other stations to Wsir's Landing, at the western edge of Lake 1S8 SHOET-TEIP GUIDE. Winnij^esaulcie, witli very fine views over the Lake and its many islands. [Connection, by boat on the Lake, for Centre Har'bor orWoifboro', and thence by stage-coach for Conway and the "White Eange.] Weir's Landing, by Meredith, &c., to Plymouth, at the foot of the monntains, with splendid views southward and many attractions as a place of sojourn. Hotel : the Fer}iig aw asset. (Lei- surely pause, for dinner). [At Plymouth stage-coach or private carriage may be taken, for the splendid drive of twenty-five to thirty miles, up through the Valley of the Pemi- gawasset, to the Profile House — during which a se- ries of views will be enjoyed, approaching the moun- tains, not often equalled in any land.] From Plymouth, by rail, literally among the moun- tains, and among glorious scenery, to Wells River [connection westward for Mo'^dpelier (capital of the State of Vermont) and E'crthern Vermont; southward for White River Junction. Eoute may also be pursued northward, either before* or after visiting the Franconia Notch, to Neivporl and the beautiful Lake Memphkemagog, lying on the border between Vermont and Canada, and offer- ing fine views, picturesque scenery, excellent fishing, and many other attractions. Or, the same route may be pursued, to Newport, thence on by way of Eichmond, &c., to Quebec, or bending westward from Richmond, to Mojsttreal.] "Wells River, through even grander scenery than that from Plymouth, to ROUTE NO. 1.— NORTHERN AND EASTERN. 139 Littleton, small village at the entrance of the Fran- conia I^otcli, whence stage-coach is taken, for the ride through the Notch, with many of the best features of American mountain scenery, to the Profile House. [For notes on the Profile House and neighborhood, see immediately following.] Division B. BY 2?"EW LONDOK AND THE NEW LONDON NORTH- ERN ROUTE. l^Qw York by Norwich and Worcester boat on the Sound, 5 P. M,j as by route just concluded, to Netu London. (Later rest is secured, by this route, than by that by Worcester and Winnipesau- kie, from the non-necessity of taking the train until 5 A. M.) From ISTew London by rail, by Norioicli, through a very pleasant and prosperous part of the State of Connecticut, and past villages embodying large manufacturing interests ; by WiUimmitic (man- ufacturing village, with railway connections west- ward to the Hartford, ProvideDce and Fishkill road) ; by Tolland, Stafford, Monson, &c., to Palmer [con- nections eastward to Worcester and Boston, west- ward to Springfield, for either Hartford, I^ew Raven and New York, or Pittsfield, Albany and Troy]. Palmer to Amlierst, where the peculiarly splendid scenery of the line, embodying the bold character- istics of the Green Mountain region of Vermont, may be said properly to begin, continuing thence all the way to White River Junction. Amherst to 140 SEOBT-TBIP GVIBK Groufs Corners, important station. [Connections, eastward to FitMurg, Groton and Boston; west- ward to Greenfield^ North Adams, &c., and to Albany and Troy.] Grout's Corners, "by South Vernon, to Beattleboeo, Vermont, thriving town on the Connecticut Eiver, with some manufactures, a spe- cialty of being markedly healthy as a residence, and a State Lunatic Asylum bearing a very high re})utar tian. Brattleboro to Belloios Falls, also on the Connecticut Eiver, de- riving its singular name from an ancient peculiarity of the river in the neighborhood. [Connections northwest to Rutland, Burlington, Lake Champlain, &c. ; and southeast to Eeene, Groton, Boston, &c.] Bellows Falls by Claremont and Windsor, to WJiite Fdver Junction, at the intersection of the White Eiver with the Connecticut, important place of transfer in cross-travel. [Connections, west to Rutland, Whitehall, Saratoga, &c. ; northwest to Mo7itpelier, Burlington, Rouse^s Point and Canada ; east to Concord, Salem, Boston, &e.} White Eiver Junction to Wells River, [Northern connections to E"ewport, Lahe Mem.phremagog, Quebec or Montreal, as in last previous route.] Wells Eiver to Littleton; thence by stage -coacb as before noted, to the PROFILE House. RO UTE NO. l.—NORTHEBN AND EASTERN 141 Division C. AT AND ABOUT THE PROFILE HOUSE (fRAKCONIA kotch). Probably no section of mountain scenery in • America, of like extent, presents so many points of interest and beauty as appear in the Tranconia Notcli, though in the detail of absolute grandeur it can by no means claim the same distinction. Taking the Profile House as the central point, the principal objects may be found grouped around it within very brief distance, as follows : Eclio Lake, lying within a few hundreds of yards, embogomed in fine woods, under the brow of Eagle Cliff, nfibrding fine views of ML Lafayette, charm- ing boating, and a repetition of ecJioes (from the Cliff), scarcely second to those of the Eaglets Nest at KOlarney. The Cannon Mountain, at the base of which the Pro- file House stands, and ascended from it, with mod- erate difficulty, a magnificent view being the re- ward. On the top of the mountain, at near the brow overhanging the valley, some rocks, singularly dis- posed, suggest the shape of a Cannon, mounted on its carriage, whence the name; and the extreme brow of the mountain itself forms, in a peculiar com- bination of great rocks, the Old Man of the Moicntain, colossal face, sixty feet in height from chin to brow, hanging over the im- mense gulf, and perfect in every detail of a majestic 143 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. human face, as seen from tlie road at some distance below the Profile (whicli of course takes its name from that view). Below this, which is undoubtedly the most striking single curiosity of all the range, lies the little Profile Lake, sometimes called the "Old Man's Bath," or " Washbowl," or « Mirror," affording a wonderful reflection of the stony face in calm weather, and said to be full of fine trout. A mile below the Profile is to be reached (ride or walk), the Basin, pool of remarkable shape and character, and Old Man's Foot, lyiug in it in colos- sal stone. Thence, five miles further, the Flume House, summer resort, now disused ; and near it Tlie Flume, only second to the Old Man of the Mountain as a great natural curiosity, being an im- mense fissure or split in the solid rock of the moun- tain, varying from 10 to 20 feet in widtli, and the walls from 20 up to 100 feet in height, with a small rapid stream brawling over rough stones below, and a boarded walk up the gorge. At one point, a huge oval stone, of many tons in weight, hangs by the two points midway up the chasm ; and at another a dangerous bridge has been thrown over, at the top, by the falling of a tree. At no great distance from the Flume lies The Pool, a literal hole in the rock, of great depth and singularity of appearance, reached by a difficult climb down the bank, and formerly the abode of a strange madman named Merrill, who paddled visi- tors round it in a crazy boat, declared it the "centre BOUTENO.l.—NOBTEEBIfANDEASTEItN'. 143 of the earth," and exhibited a letter to him from Queen Victoria, dated at the Kitchen of Bucking- ham Palace ! From the front of the Flume House and neigh- borhood is to be seen a natural wonder of great prominence, the Dead Washington, being the profile face and form of that hero, in a recumbent position and as if shrouded, lying at a length of miles, the shape sup- plied by the shapes and position of several moun- tains of the Haystack group. May also be seen, be- tween the Profile and the Flume, at some distance from the road, Walhefs Falls, a fine cascade ; and two miles below the Flume, Georgiana Falls, the largest in the range. Of Ascents from the Profile, besides that of the Cannon, the principal are those of Mount Lafayette, the highest peak of the Franco- nia Eange, and commanding a fine yiew, with only a limited amount of toil (horseback or foot) — and Bald Mountain, a lower elevation, but still with fine view (carriage). [From the Profile House to Craivford House, (carriage) for the White Eange and ascent of Mount Washington from that direction, with descent by rail to the Glen. House; or to Littleton, Wells Kiver and White Eiver Junction, for pursuance of the route to Canada.] ROUTE 8.-NEAR WESTER!^. HEW YOEK, BY KAIL, BY THE NEW JERSEY CITIES, TO AND AT PHILADELPHIA. Division A. K'EW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, BY THE PENNSYL- VANIA RAILROAD. Leaye New York by the Pennsylvania Railroad, by ferry from foot of Cortlandt street, or foot of Desbrosses street; cross the Hudson river, to Jersey Oity, a large and thriving town, lying in the State of New Jersey, but really a suburb and connection of JSTew York, with which most of its more important business interests are identified. It is growing and improving rapidly, is laymg out pub- lic grounds, has extensive Water- Works, and enjoys the specialty of the Cunard Doclcs near the ferry, from which sail all the steamers of that popular line. Hotels, Taylofs, American, FisTc's^ &c. From Jer- sey City, by rail, across flat and uninteresting country, to Newark, on the Passaic River, now largest city in the State, and one of the handsomest, as well as most important in point of manufactures, especially of leather, carriages and fancy work. [Reached by steamboat and other water-conveyance from New EOUTE NO. 9.—JSrUAB WE8TEBN, 145 Yort. Also reached from New York by train on the Newark and New York road, from foot of Liberty street ; and (northern portion) by the Mor- ris aod Essex road, from foot Barclay street.] It is regularly laid out; has two handsome parks, many charming drives in the neighborhood ; a great num- ber and variety of the residences of the wealthy on Broad and other principal streets; some public buildings worthy of attention (including the Post Office, City Hall, County Court House and several of the many churches) ; and is famed for the excep- tional beauty of its female population, as seen on promenade or elsewhere. Hotel : the NewarJc House, From Newark visit may be paid to Orange, very beautiful village, lying near, at the north; to the Orange 3Iountains ; to the popular place of resort, Llewellyn Farlc, &c. Or, they may be reached di- rectly from New York by the Morris and Essex road, foot of Barclay street.] Newark to Elizabeth, smaller town somewhat resembling Newark in appearance and general characteristics, though less notable in manufactures and possibly ex- celling the other in the finished beauty of some of its suburban grounds and wealthy residences. Has the specialty of being passed through, daily, by more railway trains than almost any other town in America, two great lines intersecting in it, and. an immense coal-trade from Eastern Pennsylvania passing through it to its adjoining town and the principal entrepot and shipping-port of that article, 146 SnOBT-TEIP GUIDE. EUzalietliport. Eivals Newark in female beauty, in fashion and the wealth of residents. [Also reached from N"ew York by the New Jersey Central road, foot of Liberty street.] Elizabeth to Raliiuay, handsome village, also much affected as a residence of citizens, and with specialty of con- siderable manufactures, for the Southern and other markets. Kahway to New Bkukswick, one of the oldest towns in the State, though inferior in size to several others. It is pleasantly situated on the Earitan Kiver, has a considerable amount of manufactures, and is the point of entrance into the Earitan Eiver and Bay of the same name (Lower New York Bay), of the Dela- ware and Raritan Canal^ from the Delaware Eiver at Bordentown. Its principal celebrity, however, lies in its being the seat of Rutgers College, and the TlieologicaX Seminary of the Eeformed Dutch Church, both old and influential institutions, hold- ing excellent rank. Among the buildings best worth notice, are those of the College, on an elevated square, within view from the railway; the Theo- logical Hall ; the County Buildings, in the public square ; and several churches of prominence. Many fine drives are to be enjoyed by those making stay, into the handsome and well-cultivated country in the neighborhood, to Boimd BrooJc, &c. Leading Hotels, the Railroad, Bulls Read, &c. Beyond New Brunswick, the railway is accom- panied for much of the distance by the Delaware ROUTE NO. S.—NBAS WESTERK 147 and Raritan Canal. At Monmouth Junction inter- section is made for Freeliold, tlie Battle Ground of Monmouth, and soiitli-eastern portions of the State. ISText stopping place of importance^ PEiiTCETOi^ — Station, the town lying away at the right, though in sight, and steam connection in wait- ing. Princeton is another of the old and import- ant towns of the State, with a peculiar status in Eey- olutionary history as haying been the scene of one of Washington's most memorable conflicts, of which the field extends from the town itself to what is called the *• Battle Ground," more than a mile distant. Its more marked celebrity, howeyer, lies in its being the seat of the College of Neio Jersey (called alternately, " Princeton College,'' and often, from one of the oldest buildings, " ISTassau Hall.") It is also the seat of the Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian de- nomination, in connection with the College, which has long eujoyed a yery high reputation, and which is now presided oyer by the celebrated Scotch di- vine, Dr. McCosh, late of Queen's College, Belfast. The grounds of the College (like many of those of the town) are very handsome. Peale's " Washing- ton," in the College library, is a picture of merit and historical interest. To the Callege has also lately been added an Astronomical Observatory^ with fine instruments. Beyond Princeton is soon reached Trektos", capital of the State of New Jersey, lying on the left or east bank of the Delaware river, 148 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. and famous as th« scene of Washington's " Crossing the Delaware/' Dec, 1776. It is a thriving manu- facturing town, especially preeminent in iron works ; and has yery costly constructions connected with the passage through the town of the Delaware and Karitan Canal. [Eailroad connectioQj north, for Belviderey Easton, and the Upper Delaware and Pennsylvania Coal-Eegions ; and south to Boi^den- •town, and by that route to Philadelphia.] The principal erections of prominence are the State House, modern and very handsome (with valuable EevolutioDary memorials in the Library) ; the State Lunatic Asylum, Arsenal^ Penitentiary, and some of the County 'buildings. The views over the Dela- ware and the Pennsylvania shore opposite, from some portions of the town, are very fine and memor- able. Prominent hotels, the American and Trenton. [Optional route may be taken, at Trenton, by rail, down the Delaware Eiver to Bordentoion and Camden, thence to Philadelphia by ferry. See Division B. of this route.] At Trenton the Delaware Eiver is crossed, by bridge, to the State of Pennsylvania, by Bristol, handsome and thriving village of that State, and by Frankford (with a United States. Arsenal) ioGermantovm2in.ii West Philadelphia, ]^omt of debarkation for Philadelphia. ROUTE NO. 8.—WUAE WE8TEBN, . 149 Division B, NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, BY CAMDEK AND AMBOY EOUTE. Leave Kew York by Pennsylvania Eailroad, from foot of Oortlandt street, or foot Desbrosses street, as by Division A, of this route ; by Jersey City^ Neioarh, and Elizabeth, to Railway. (See Division A.) Thence diverging to Woodlridge, handsome village on the creek of the same name, emptying into Staten Island Sound; thence to Perth Amtoy, old but decayed seaport^ once ex- pected to become the rival of New York, especially in the India and tea trade, and with the noted Thomas H. Smith tea warehouses still standing. From Perth Amboy by ferry (or bridge), to South Amhoy, former place of debarkation from the New York steamers of the Camden and Amboy boat line. [From South Amboy, all-rail route to Keyport, Middletoiun and Long Beanch, of the Central Eailroad of New Jersey.] From South Amboy continue by rail to Jameslicrg, thriving small town, with State Eeform School for Boys. [Connection southward to Freehold, thence to Long Branch and the south-east; and northward to Pennsylvania Eailroad at Monmouth Junction, for Newark, Trenton, &c.] Theuce to 150 SEOBTTBIF GUIDE. Cranherri/, Higlitstown [connection to Pemherton . and southwest] and BoEDENTOWK, handsome large village on the Delaware, and point of entrance into that river of the Delaware and Earitan Canal ; famous as having long been the residence (at Point Breeze — grounds to the right) of Joseph Bonaparte, ex-king of Spain. [Connection by boat down the Delaware to Phila- delphia ; by rail to Tre7iton, &c.] Bordentown to BuelikgtojST, also lying on the Delaware, and considered one of the handsomest towns in the State. It is the seat of Burlington College (Episco- pal), and of several notable male and female schools. [Connection by boat to Philadelphia and Borden^ town ; by rail to Mount Holly and other towns in the interior of the State.] Burlington by Beverley and other minor places, to Camden, on the Delaware, opposite Philadelphia. Thriving town, with much agricultural and some manufacturing industry, and residence of many Philadelphians. [Connection by West Jersey Rail- road southward to Bridgeton; south-eastward to Millville and Cape Mat, favorite sea-coast resort at the Capes of the Delaware ; eastward by the Camden and Atlantic to Atlantic City, another favorite watering place on the New Jersey coast of the Atlantic; and by Pemb. and Hightstown road to the New Jersey Southern, Long Branch and New York]. Perry across the Delaware to Philadelphia. ROUTE NO. S.—NEAE WESTERN, l^^a Division C. XEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, BY THE "NEW line" — (N. J. CENTRAL, EOUND BROOK, AND NORTH PENN.) Leave New York by tlie New Jersey Central Rail- road, by boat from foot of Liberty street, to Long- Dock, Communipaw. By cars of the New Jersey Central Eoad (see Route 13, pp. 206 and 207), to Elizabeth, Westfield, Plainfield (with Washington's Rock near), and intermediate stations, to Bound Brook, a Tillage of some prominence on the Raritan River, a few miles above New Brunsvv^ick, to which there is stage commnnication from it, and also to Basking Ridge, beyond. Within two miles is "Chimney Rock," a somewhat celebrated land- mark of the neighborhood; and near Bound Brook was fought a battle between the British and Amer- icans, with defeat of the latter, in 1777; as also the American Army encamped a few miles to the north- west, in the winter of 1778-9. At Bound Brook the line is contimled, taking the rail of the Delaware and Bound Brook road (though with no change of cars — the whole line beiiig run under one management) ; within a short distance of Princeton (see Route 8, p. 147), to which present stage-connection, with branch-rail to follow ; by Hopewell (branch rail to Trenton), to Yardleyville, on the Delaware, where that river is crossed, on a new and magnificent iron bridge — the crossing affording fine view of the river and sur- roundings. (From Yardleyville to Teenton, con- 1506 BBOnf-TBlP GUIDE. nection by the Belvidere Delaware Eailroad.) From YardleyvillGj through Bucks County, Pa., by New-' toivn, to junction with the Main Line of the North Pennsylvania Eailroad, at JenJcintoivn. From jenkintown, by the North Penn. roacl, direct to Philadelphia. [The North Pennsylvania Railroad, with which connection is here formed, as above noted, at Jen- kintown, supplies one of the great trunk lines of Pennsylvania, forming a favorite and most available route to the North, Niagara Falls, the Lakes, etc. By this line, for the North, from Philadelphia, by Abington, Lansdale (connection to Doylestown and JSforristown), to Bethlehem, important town on the Susquehanna River (connection to Easton, etc., and the East). Thence by Lehigh Yalley Railroad, through one of the most j^icturesque portions of Pennsylvania, along the Valle}^ of the Lehigh, by Allentown (connection to New York and the East, by the "Allentown Line" — see Route 13); by Mauch Chunk; the Sivitch Back; Glen Onoko, etc., to "Wirf^-^ESBAKRE, important tow^n and one of the great centres of the coal-region, lying on the Susquehanna River. (Harvey's Lake and the beautiful valley of Wyoming may be reached in a few miles drive). From "Wilkesbarre, by the same road, to Waverley or Elmira, on the Erie road; and by the Lake Dis- tricts (Geneva, Cayuga, Seneca, etc.), to Niagaraj the great Lakes, Canada, etc.] ROUTE NO. 8,—NBAE WESTEBN. 151 Division Z). A.T AKD ABOUT PHILADELPHIA, WITH EXCT7E- SIOjS'S. Philadelphia, mosfc important city of Pennsyl- vania, second in the Union in point of population, largest of all in the extent of ground comprised within city limits, and dividing with Boston the claim of being the most influential after the com* mercial metropolis — lies on the Delaware Eivei*, at about one hundred miles from its mouth at Dela- ware Bay, and above and very near the debouchure into that river of the Schuylkill, the latter stream running through the city at its western extremity and adding materially to the beauty and healthful- ness of location. It is well known to have been founded by William Penn, the Quaker, and to bo the headquarters of his denomination (whence its soicbriquet, the " Quaker Oity " ) ; and it enjoys, in addition, the distinction of being the most regu- larly built city on the continent if not in the world, the mass of its streets lying at right angles and giving it an appearance of primness alternately counted a charm and a blemish. From this latter feature, combined with all the streets running par- allel with the Delaware being numbered, from one upward— and the space between each of these streets, on the intersecting ones, numbered as one hundred, in supplying street-numbers — ^less diffi- culty is involved, in the stranger finding his way 152 SHOBT-TEIP GWIDK tlirougli and about it, tlian tlirougli any other citj in the world, of correspondhig size. Still addition- ally it should be noted that the street-car system is wonderfully complete and perfect, routes crossing each other at short distances, and a system of "transfers" from one route to another making transit much easier and cheaper than it could other- wise be found. Carriage-hire, cheaper than in I'^ew York, though high; not differing materially from the same detail at Boston. ' Philadelphia has many notable Streets, of which the characteristics are worth study, for their indi- vidual and collective character. First among these is Ohestnut Street, at once business and fashionable, on which are located some of the best hotels, and which has by far the handsomest display of shop- fronts on the continent. Next to this, perhaps, is MarTcet Street, wide thoroughfare, dividing the cross- streets into " North " and *' South," and dis- playing much railway traffic and other heavy trade. Arch and Walnut are also both business streets of importance. The Exchange stands m Doch Street, between "Walnut and Spruce; and much of the commercial and financial force of the city is to be found in that neighborhood, and near- the Delaware, between SMppen Street, on the South, and Vine Street, on the North, and Front Street to Sixth Street, in the cross direction. Fottrteentli Street is ordinarily called Broad Street, and has much fash- ion and many prominent buildings. Ridge and ROUTE NO. S.—NEAE WESTERN. ^ 153 Girard Avenues hold position as places of fashion- able residence, and drives leading to Girard Oollegej Fairmount Park, etc. Of Public Buildings there are many of import- ance and interest. The first place is held, histori- cally, by Indej^endenco Hall, Chestnut street, nota- ble as having been th,e place of signing of the' Declaration of Independence from Great Britain, Fourth of July, 1776. Some historical pictures of value, statues, and many relics are preserved there ; and among others the " Liberty Bell," rung at the time of the Declaration, and bearing the strangely appropriate inscription : " Proclaim liberty through- out the land to all the inhabitants thereof." (Admis- sion to the Hall, every day, 9 to 2). The building and wings are now used as public offices. A re- cently erected statue of Washington fronts the main entrance. 2?^ext of the public buildings in import- ance, is Girard Collegey on Ptidge Avenue, some two miles from the city centre — the several buildings modern and of fine architecture, and the grounds handsome, but its principal celebrity (it has very little as an educational institution) lying in the strange will and bequest of Stephen Girard, the merchant, which founded it, and which among other odd features, allows no clergyman to enter it even on a visit. Next in importance is the U7iited States Mint, Chestnut street, with very perfect and inter- esting processes and a splendid collection of coins (admission daily, 9 to 12). Besides these, there are 154 SEOBT-TRIP GUIDE. the Oustim House (formerly the United States Bank), Chestnut street; the Exchange, Dock street; the University of Pennsylvania, Ninth street near Chestnut; Jefferson Medical College, Tenth street near Chestnut; the Pennsylvania Hospital, Pine street ; Pennsylvania Insane Asylum, West Phila- clelphia (with West's great picture of " Christ Heal- ing the Sick"); £7". B. Marine llosjpital, near the IsTayy Yard; the Franklin Atlieneum, and other library and literary buildings ; Pennsylvania Acach emy of Fine Arts (with many good pictures: open daily), Chestnut street ; Eastern Penitentiary, Coates street, near Girard College; Union League Cluh House, Broad street ; Masonic Temple, Broad street ; Ledger Building ^ Sixth and Chestnut ; and many Banks, Insurance Buildings, Eailway Offices and Dwellings, of much costly beauty. The office- erections of the Pennsylvania and Reading Rail- roads, on Fourth street, are especially notable, as well as the freight and market buildings of those roads on Market street. Among the noblest of the other buildings nam.ed, are lAppincotf s great Book- House, Market street ; the Mutual Life Insurance Building, Chestnut street ; Farmers'' Market, Mar- ket street; Girard Bank, Third street; Fidelity Deposit building. Provident Life building, Penn- sylvania Life building, Bank of the Republic, Old Masonic Temple, &c., all on Chestnut street; West- ern Saving Fund, Tenth and Walnut, &c. In Antiquities Philadelphia possesses, besides In- ROUTE NO. %.-NEAB WE8TEEK 155 dex>endcnce Hall (already mentioned), Carpcntefs Hally Chestnut street, used for the first assembling of the Colonial Congress ; Hultzlieimefs, where i Jefferson wrote the Declaration, cor. Market and Seventh streets ; the Grave of Franhlin, cor. Arch and Fifth streets; Indian Queen Hotels once resi- dence of Jefferson, cor. Market and Front streets ; Penn Cottage, Letitia street, near Second; Penn Treaty Monic^nent, Beach street, Kensington ; Old Sivedes' Church, Swanson street; London Coffee House, Front and Market streets ; Birth-joJace of the Flag, 239 Arch street; the Old Penn House, near Fairmount ; Old Belmont Mansion, near Fair- mount ; part of Pernios Elm Tree, in collection of Historical Library Association ; and others of minor importance. Of Public Grounds Philadelphia has more than the average in both variety and beauty. Fair- mount Park, on the Schuylkill (in connection with the long-celebrated Fairmount Water- WorJcs), is one of the largest parks in the world (containing over three thousand acres), with the Schuylkill, a noble and navigable river, running through it, and the upper portion containing the Wissahickon, a smaller river tributary to the Schuylkill, admitted on all hands to be singularly lovely in wood and water effects. Though this Park has been but a few years in course of construction, it has already assumed magnificent proportions, even as compared vnth the great parks of the Old "World; and it was 156 SEORT-TMIP GUIDE. within this Park, in the broad grounds lying east- ward of George's Hill, one of the highest emi- nences of the whole, that the Centennial Exhibi- tion, in honor of the one hundred years of Ameri- can Independence was held, from the lOth of May to the 10th of November, 1876, in a range of the largest buildiogs yet erected by any of the nations for similar purposes. And here, in the Main Exhi- bition Building (still preserved, with Horticultural Hall, the Art Gallery, St. George's Hall, &c.),-— the Permanent Exhibition commenced with May 10th, 1877, after the worthy pattern of that at the Syden- ham Crystal Palace. Many of the Bridges are nota- ble for beauty as well as strength, and must form a feature in the future celebrity of the Park. The Sus- pension Bridge, at the Water-Works, was built by Col. Ellett, the constructor of the Niagara Suspen- sion Bridge, and afforded a model for the latter. The new Grand avenue bridge drive over the Schuylkill, between the East and West Parks, though a level erection, is very graceful, and the widest in the world. Near it, the New York Eailroad Bridge contrasts well with its rival, though entirely differ- ent in character, combining round end-arches with one wide flat trussed centre ; and the minor erections of the same character display taste blended with ' solidity. Of art in its more ordinary sense, the two most prominent objects, thus far, are the elegant monument to Frederick Graff, first engineer of the Water- Works, near the works themselves, and a bronze sitting statue of President Lincoln, within ROUTE WO. ^—NEAB WESTERN. 157 tlie lower entrance, near the Wire Bridge. There are also some line fountains. The grounds purchased for the Park contained many old houses^ some of them of much interest; and. the best of these have been judiciously preserv- ed. Among the most notable is the house once belonging to John Penn, grandson of William, and owned by descendants until the present purchase. On a part of the same property stand the Lans- downe Pines — two trees of great size, age and" grandeur of appearance. Even more interesting than the Penn house is the Belmont Mansion, also preserved — dating back to 1745— the home of Eich- ard Peters, an eminent jurist, Member of Congress, and Secretary of the Board of War during the Revolution, who entertained under its roof, Wash- ington, Lafayette, Jefferson, Robert Morris, Ritten- house, and many others of the Revolutionary worthies, while Talleyrand, Louis Philippe and Tom Moore are known to have visited it. The view from the front of this fine old house (now a restaurant) is almost matchless in varied beauty, over the Schuylkill, the city, &C. ; though that from George's Hill, the highest point of the grounds, is necessarily much more extensive, reaching to and beyond the Delaware at League Island. The upper portion of the Park, as already noted, includes not only the fine scenery of that part of the Schuylkill, but also that of the Wissahickon; and partially within it lies the scene of the unfortunate battle 158 BEORT TRIP G JJIJDE. of Germantown, wliieh lost PliiladelpMa to tlie Americans in 1777. Of no secondary importance, in connection witli the Park and the Permanent Exhibition, are the very interesting Zoological Gar- dens, at the east end, near the Schuylkill, with Lion House, Aviary, Bear-Pits, Monkey House, &c. Fairmount Park, the Permanent Exhibition, or the Eairmount Water-Works, may be reached from the centre of the city by an immense number of street car lines, and other conveyances, easily dis- covered by the visitor, from the placards announcing the special point of their destination. By the Penn- sylvania Raih'oad, from New York and the East, or from the West (principal depot at Thirty-first and Market Sts., with supplemental station in front of the Centennial Grrounds), — or by the New York and Philadelphia New Line (depot at Third and Berks Sts., with horse-car connection), — access to all the grounds of interest is very direct and easy; and quite the same maybe said of the facilities for reach- ing them by the New Jersey Southern Eailroad from New York and the New Jersey coast, the connec- tions from that road, at the Market St. ferry, being direct by the Market Street line of cars, now ope- rated by steam, and supplying *' rapid transiL " in the place of the slow and tedious. . The Fairmount Water-Wbrlcs themselves demand attention, as among the best of their class ; the views over the Schuylkill from the raised promenade ROUTE NO. S.—NEAB WESTERN. 159 are notably fine; and the SusjJension Bridge, al- ready mentioned, should not be oyerlooked in ob- servation of its rivals. (Other bridges of interest are the Iron Bridge, over the Schuylkill at Chest- nut street; the Market Street Bridge, of wood, lately rebuilt, &c.) (There are also other "Water-Works : the Delaware, on the river, foot of Wood street, and the Wester7i, with a beautiful tower, opposite Tair- niount.) Of the other public grounds of the city, the most interesting are Independence Square,, rear of Independence Hall ; Washington Square, near it ; Logan Square (largest of the old), Eighteenth street; Franhlin Square, Eace and Sixth streets; Peom Square, Broad and Market streets ; Jefferson Mi(l Ritte7iliouse Squares; and Hunting Parh {ol^L race-course) on the York road. Among the most notable of Philadelphia Churches, are the Catliedral of St. Peter and St. Paul (Catho- lic), Logan Square, with a noble dome, an admired altar-piece, and some good paintings; St. Marlc^s (Epis.), Locust street, with tower and spire of pecu- liar beauty ; St. Paul's (Epis.), Third street ; Christ Church (old). Second street, with tall steeple, fine chime of bells, and communion service of the time of Queen Anne ; Church of the Incarnation, Broad street; Baptist, 3^00.^ street; Calvary (Pres.), Lo- cust street; St. Stephen's (Epis.), Fourth street; St. Peter's (old). Pine street; St. Andreio's, Eighth street; &c., and (as curiosities, though eschewing any attempt at architecture) many of the Friend%^ 160 BEORT-TEIP GUIDE. or Qualcer Meeting Houses, of whicli the city lias a remarkable nnmber and variety. Of Libraries, there are a large number, though the aggregate of yolumes embraced in all does not reach far beyond a quarter million. Among them are the FranTclin (sometimes called the "Philadelphia"), South Fifth near Chestnut street; the Atlieneum, Sixth street; the Mercantile', the Ajjprentices^ Friends\ Laio Association, &c. ; besides those con- nected with those prominent institutions, the His- torical Society., Sixth and Adelphi streets (antiqui- ties and curiosities) ; Academy of Natural Sciences, Broad street; the Franhlin Institute, Seventh street, &c. The principal Art Gallery is the Penn- sylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Chestnut street, containing among other prominent pictures. West's ^' Death on the Pale Horse," Allston's "Raising of Lazarus," and others of merit by Stuart, Sully, Leslie and others. The principal Market, and one of the best-arranged and most luxuriously-supplied in America, is located on Market street, in the lower part of the city, and will well repay a visit, for ob- servance of the varied productions of the surround- ing country. Principal Places of Amusement: the American Academy of Music, Broad street, the handsomest and one of the largest musical houses in the United States; Arch Street Theatre, street of the same name ; Chestnut Street, street of that name ; Walnut Street, street of same name; Fo^s, Chestnut street; MOUTE NO. S.—NEAB WESTERN. IGl- Simmons and Slocum's Opera House (Efcbiopian), Arcli street; Eleventh Street Opera House (Ethio- pian), Eleyentli street; American Museum, I^intli, and Arch streets ; Musical Fund Hall, Locust street? &c. Leading Hotels : the Contineyiial, Chestnut street ; La Pierre House, Broad street ; Colonnade, Chestnut street; Girard House, Chesniut street; American, Gh.Q^tn.Vit street; St. Cloud, Avch street; WasJiingto7i, Chestnut street; Merchants^ Fourth street ; Trans- Continental and others, at the Exposi- tion Grounds, &c. For the additional conYenience of the rnauj^ tour- i=>ts who have not familiarized themselves with the " Quaker City," the following resumes and extensions are given, of location of principal places of interestj places of amusement, and railroad depots, with brief directions for reaching them. Principal Places of Interest, and Eoutes. Fairmount Parle and Centennial Grounds. — ^^[Nearly all leadinpf lines of street-cars, and other conveyances. See local directions.] Independence 'Hall — Place of signing the "Declaration of Independence," Chestnut street, south side, between Fifth and Sixth. N"ear lower hotels, and reached from upper by cars on Chestnut street. Admission free at or- dinary times, 9 A.M. to 2 P.M., and was naturally a place of great evening resort daring the Centennial. Entrance to steeple granted on application to the Superintendent in the Hall. Carpenter'' s ^«ZZ.— Place of original meeting of Continen- tal Congress. Chestnut street, south side (rear), between Fourth and Fifth. Hear Independence Hall, and reached in same manner. Orave of Franklin. — Plain horizontal slab, covering Ben- jamin Franklin and his wife, in graveyard of Christ Church. South-east corner Fifth and Arch streets. Very near both of the former- and not far from leading hotels. 161a 8H0BT- TRIP G UIDE. Penn's Cottage. — Once the residence of William Penn. Letitia street, between Front and Second, near Market. Close to th.e Delaware River. Penn Treaty Monument.— ^'\Xq of tlie great elm tree nnder which William Penn made his treaty with the Indians. Small obelisk, with inscription. Beach street, above Han- over, Kensington. Reached by street-cars marked '' Rich- mond." Indian Queen Hotel. — Once residence of Jefierson. Coi' ner Market and Front streets. London Coffee- House. — Existing as a coffee-house, by that name, before the Revolution. South-west corner Front and Market streets, near the Delaware. Old Swedes' Ghurcli. — Built 1700. Swanson street, below Christian street. Reached by Second street cars. Birth-place of the American Flag. — Place where the first stars and stripes were made. Now 339 Arch street, near the Delaware. Chi'ist Church. — With oldest peal of bells in America. Second street, north of Market street. Oirard College^ — Ridge avenue, above Nineteenth street. Reached by Ridge avenue or Nineteenth street cars. Ad- mission by ticket, procurable at the Ledger office, Sixth and Chestnut streets. University of Pennsylvania. — Ninth street, above Chestnut. New building, Thirty-sixth street and Darby road. Reached by Market street cars to West Philadelphia ; thence Darby road cars. Philadelphia Library, and Loganian Library^ Fifth street, below Chestnut. Atheneum, and Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Sixth and Adelphl streets, below Walnut. Philadelphia Dispensary. — Oldest institution of the kind in America; established 1786. No. 127 South Fifth street. American Philosophical Society. — Fifth street, below Chest- nut. Academy of Natural Sciences. — Broad street, below Chest- nut. Open "Tuesday and Friday afternoons, but opened every afternoon during the Centennial. Admission 10 cents. Franklin Institute. — Seventh street, above Chestnut. Mercantile Library. — Tenth street, above Chestnut. Apprentices' i^^rarg/.—S outh-west corner Fifth and Arch streets. MOUT^ NO. 6.—NBAB WESTERN. 1615 Pennsylvania Hospital. — Eighth and Spruce streets. Penn. Hospital for the 7n.same conveyance.] Also, by Baltimore and Ohio Sailroad (or by same road from Washington), through the Monocacy Yalley, along the Upper Po- tomac and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, to Point of Rochs (railway connection to Fred/erich, Md.) ; to Hagerstown Junctvon (railway connection to Hag-erstoivn ) ; and to Harpes's Feery, on the Upper Potomac, at the intersection with that stream of the Shenandoah, with mountain and river scenery of the first mag- nificence, and the additional interest of having been the site of an important U. S. Armory and Arsenal (destroyed by fire in April, 1861), and the spot where John Brown, of Ossawatomie, made his cele- brated raid and virtually commenced the conflict of the secession, in October, 1859. Maryland, Bolivar .and Loudoim Meiglits, and their fortifications, de- mand notice, as do a thousand natural beauties and warlike reminiscences certain to be suggested on the spot. From Harper's Ferry, route on the Baltimore and Ohio road may be pursued to 8ir Jokn^s Bun, with stage connection to Berkeley Springs ; to Cumber^ iland,mid. across one of the finest passes 'of the Ak legheny Mountains to Pittsburo and the West. Or, from Harper's Ferry rail may be taken down the Shenandoah Yalley, through the Valley of Vir- ginia, to Gharlestoion, Winchester, Straslurg, Har- risonI?urg and Staunton, with connections and de- tours of great interest (See Eoute 91). MO TJTE NO. 9. - WESTEBN AND SO JJl HEBN. 171 Division C. BALTIMOKE TO WASHINGTON, BY BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. [From New York and Pliiladelphia to Baltimore, see Eoiites 8 and 9, pp. 144 and 1G2.] Leave Baltimore by the Washington Branch of the B. and 0. Eoad, from Camden Station, by Carroll and Camden Junction, to Belay House and Belay Station. (First-class hotel and refreshment station, both owned and operated by the B. and O. Railroad Company, and somewhat noted for their excellence). Belay House and the vicinity were necessarily quite celebrated during the Secession War, the movements of troops over the lines of rail between the different sections, and espe^ cially between Baltimore and Annapolis, and Balti- more and Washington, throwing the central point into great prominence, and making the control of it no secondary consideration in the warlike arrange- ments of the period. At Relay House also diverges the alternate line, with branch to Frederick, joining the main line at Point of Rocks. Relay House by Eikridge, Hanover, Dorsey's and Jessup's to Annapolis Junction. [Connection to Annapolis, site of the Naval Academy, and the State capital of Maryland: see "Excursions from Baltimore," pre- ceding] ; thence by Savage, Laurel, Contees, Belts- \dlle, Paint Branch, &c., to 171^ RO VTE NO. 9.— WESTBUN AND SO UTHERN. Bladensburgh. [Junction of brancli to Shepherd, on Potomac River, opposite Alexandria, and to Alex- andria, where connection is made witli steamboats for Fredericsburg, Eichmond, &c., by Acqtiia Creek and the Bichmond and Potomac R. R. Also, from Shepherd or from Alexandria, by the Washington City, Virginia Midland and Great Southern Railroad, passing Manassas Junction and the scene of the im- portant battle of Manassas, 1861, via Gordonsville, to Richmond, and any Southern connection that may be desired.] Bladensburgh, small town on the Eastern Branch of the Potomac, with a mineral-spring and some ce- lebrity as a healthful summer resort for "Washington residents and others near; but much more as the scene of the disgraceful defeat of the American by the British forces, in August, 1814, immediately pre- vious to the temporary occupation of the Capital — and also as the spot long famous as a duelling- ground for Congressional and other disputants. Very soon after leaving Bladensburg, is caught, what should by no means be lost, the First View of the Washington Capitol, scarcely second to the corresponding distant view of the dome of St. Peter's, in approaching Rome — the dome of the Capitol, since re-erection, being among the largest and finest in the world, and the first sight peculiarly impressive. But a little time and distance, following, before entering the somewhat straggling city, and disembarking at the foot of Capitol Hill — Washington. SEORT-TBIP aUIDE, 1715 Division D. BALTIMOUE TO WASHINGTON, BY THE BALTIMORE AND POTOMAC RAILROAD. [From New York and PMIadelpliia to Baltimore, see Routes 8 and 9, pp. 144 and 162.J Leave Baltimore, from Union Depot, by Lafayette, Winans', Stony Run, Severn, Odenton [connection to Annapolis, by Annapolis and Elk Ridge R. R.], Pa- tnxent, Bowie, [connection with branch to Pope's Creek, on the Potomac, whence may be conveniently reached. Port Tobacco and other places of that sec- tion — a part of it somewhat notable for events con- nected with the escape of John Wilkes Booth from Washington, after the kilKng of President Lincoln,] Seabrook, Wilson's, Benning's, then WashiDgton. Entering Washington by this route, one of the first objects of interest is the Navy Yard, with which a station of the road is connected. [See, for Navy Yard, p. 181.] [From Washington, the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad continues, crossing by fine new Bridge over the Potomac (affording view of the White House, the Treasury Buildings, and many other objects of interest), to Alexandria, affording connection with the Alexandria and Fredericsburg R.R. for Quantico, Fredericsburg, Richmond and the South.] Division E. AT AND ABOUT WASHINGTON, WITH EXCURSIONa WASHiNGToiirj capital city of the United States of America, and on many accounts specially interest-* ing, as bearing the name of the Great Soldier and Patriot, as having been selected by him as the seat of Government, as having been the scene of all the central legislation of the country and many of its other historical events, and as possessing a location with many marked advantages and certain equally marked disadvantages almost counterbalancing the favorable, — lies in the District of Columbia, on tbe north bank of the Potomac River, at some 70 miles from the embouchure of that river into Chesapeake Bay, and about 80 miles directly westward from the nearest shore of that Bay, at a little southward of Annapolis. In its selection, undoubtedly the first object held in view was to secure the nearest pos- sible approach to centrality between the North and the South, that between the East and the West, now grown so important, not being at all cal- culated. It supplies a geographical meridian of importance: Lat. 38^ 53' 39" N. ; Long. 77^ 2' 48" from Greenwich ; and lies in a direct line about 120 miles south-west from Philadelphia, and about 200 in a corresponding direction from New York, It dates, as the Capital, " from the removal from Philadelphia, about 1800, though the corner stone of the Capitol was laid in 1793. The city, as a mu- nicipality, dates from nearly the same time — is large no TTTE NO. 9. -WESTEItNAND SO XTIHEBN. 173 in extent^ and by no means compact in its character; that fact having given rise, many years ago, to the irreverent soubriquet: the "City of Magnificent Distances." Among the undeniable advantages of Washing- ton, before referred to, are its picturesque location, with elevations and fine views at two points, — those of the Capitol, at the south-eastern end of (main) Pennsylvania Avenue, and the President's House and principal Government Buildings, at the north- western end; its ease of access from the sea, and ac- cessibility by railway from various important points ; its moderate climate in winter, principal season of legislative assemblage; and its proximate centrality, as between North and South, Among the disad- vantages may be named the doubtful healthiness of some portions (including the Executive Mansion) in summer; and its entire want of centrality towards the limited East and the widely-extended West— the latter feature having given rise to much dissatisfac- tion, of late years, and some efforts at effecting the removal of the seat of government to some one of the Western cities— ^St. Louis being oftenest named. The governmental conveniences now existing on this spot, however, and the late completion of the en- larged Capitol, render it entirely improbable that any such removal will take place within the present century, and leave Washington to be ^dsited and considered as the permanent capital of the United States, 174 SEOBT-TBIP GUWK Of course first among iis attractions, to tiie tour' ist, at -whatever season, ■will be found The CapitoLj, standing on Capitol Hill, fronting east and west, and occupying the same site as the original, founded by "Washington and burned by the British in 1814, when the Congressional Library, many valuable pietures, the President's House and other buildings, shared the same fate. The present structure, undeniably one of the noblest government buildings in the world, and with many grand and beautiful details in architecture, is an enlargement of that which replaced the burned building, and has consequently the blemish of showing some incon- gruity in materials and " afterthought" in design. It is immense in extent, however, the entire length being some 750 feet, with a wing depth of 300 and a body depth of 200 ; and the whole space of ground covered is said to be three and a half acres. Handsome grounds surround the Capitol, with fine shade trees and some good landscape gardening; and from these grounds, below either front, and from the two fronts themselves, remarkably fine views may be obtained. The East Front, (main) has an immense colon- nade and portico, with Persico's statues of Colum- bus, of Washington, allegorical figures of Peace and War, Greenough's " Civilization," etc., on the portico and in the grounds adjoining; and it is here that the inauguration ceremonies of each incoming President take place, the auditory filling the portico and the grounds below. The West Front, less elabo- RO UTE NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO TTIHERN. 175 rate, has the yiew down Pennsylvania Avenue and over the city. The next most prominent feature, and perhaps the most notable of all, is The DoTtve, before spoken of as among the noblest in the vp'orld. It surmounts the center of the pile, rising to a height of nearly 400 feet, crowned with a colossal statue of Freedom, by Crawford ; and is ascended from within, by a spiral stairway, for the extensive and magnificent view of "Washington, the Potomac, the near portions of the District, of Vir- ginia, Maryland, etc. In the Botunda, immediately under the dome, are to be seen the eight large his- torical pictures, " Discovery of the Mississippi," "Baptism of Pocahontas," " Declaration of Indepen- dence," " Surrender of Burgoyne," " Surrender of Cornwallis," "Washington Resigning his Commis- sion," and "Landing of Columbus." The Eotunda has also a " Massacre of the Innocents," portraits of Lincoln and others, some interesting historical bas- reliefs, etc. The Canopy, surmounting, is elaborately painted in fresco, by Brumidi, and contains an im- mense number of allegorical and historical figures. Naturally the next objects of interest will be the Senate and Representative Chambers, the former situated in the north wing (or " extension " — new part of the building) and the latter in the south wing. They are both large, with good accommoda- tion for spectators (in the Strangers' Galleries), elab- orately finished, lighted from above by hidden gas- burners through ground glass, and extremely well 17a SEORT-TRIP GtriDE. ventilated, but witli their impressiveness materially marred by the low, flat ceilings. Both are reached by elaborate and costly stairways, really among the most notable features in the building ; and it may be said of both that, with whatever faults of con- struction, they are among the best of their class, in the world. Next in interest is to be visited the Supreme Court Boom, a large semi-circular apart- ment in the north wing, with busts of former Chief-Justices Jay, Kutledge, Ellsworth and Mar- shall; and beneath it the Old Supreme Court Room, now the Law Library, with a fine collection of books in the higher branches of jurisprudence, and some peculiarities in the architecture of the room, com- manding surprised attention. The Library of Congress, with some 90,000 to 100,000 volumes (now accumulating very rapidly, as copies of ail works published in America must be deposit- ed there, to secure copy-rights — ^^as in the British Museum), and an immense number of valuable doc- uments and manuscripts,— is in the western portion of the main building, and shows fi.re-proof book- cases and all appliances to guard against the recur- rence of fire, which has twice destroyed previous col- lections (1814 — war ; and 1851, accidental.) But perhaps quite as interesting as any of the apart- ments named, is the Old Hall of Representatives, in the south wing of the center building, semi-circular, with panelled ceiling and cuj^olaj row of splendid columns in Yir- EO UTE J^O, ^.— WESTERN AND SO UTHEBN. 177 ginia gi*e6n-stone ; and containing, among other objects of interest and value, Vanderlyn's " Wash- iugton," a full-lengtli of Lafayette, Franzoni's statue of History, statues and busts of Washington, Kos- ciusko, Lincoln, Johnson, &c. Here, also, have spoken nearly all the great legislators of America in the past, making the place historically memora- ble. Opening from this into the corridor, may be seen the Bronze Columbus Door, modelled by Eogers and cast at Munich (where the model remains), repre- senting various scenes in the life and death of the discoverer, and considered among the best of con- temporary works. Many other apartments of interest may be visited in the Capitol, among them the President's and Yice- President's Rooms, the Speaker.'s, Senators', Eecep- tion, &c., and some of the Committee Rooms, in the latter of which will be found displayed quite as much luxury (not always in the best taste) as can be found in any other portion of the structure. [Admission to the Capitol, and access to most of its rooms, every week-day, 10 to 3. Congress gen- erally in session from early December to 4th March, in the years with odd numbers ; in those with even numbers, (as 1876) the sessions often continuing far into the summer, and even later. Admission to the Congressional Sessions, without card, and only limited by the capacity of the large galleries. In connection it may be well to say that the same 178 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. hours (10 to 3) and the same freedom from routine or special application, apply to most of the Depart- ment buildings at Washington.] Next in importance to the traveler, of the build- ings of Washington, is the President's House (familiarly known as the "White House," especially in political parlance), situated on the high ground at the opposite or north-western extremity of (main) Pennsylvania Avenue (principal drive and fashionable promenade of the city). It is of white stone, as its name indi- cates, has a colonnaded front, but little architectural merit, stands near the Potomac, and commands a fine view of that river and the opposite shore. It contains some handsome and well-appointed rooms, the East Boom being the most notable ; but the lo- cation is not considered healthy in summer, and th3 Presidential family does not often steadily occupy ifc throughout that season. [Calls, without ceremonial or previous introduction, are generally received by the President every week-day, 10 to 1, except those devoted to Cabinet meetings or other special ap- pointments. No court-dress necessary or proper. Levees, during the Congressional Season, fortnight- ly; and weekly receptions, generally on Saturday mornings, by the Lady of the White House, with the President present.] The Patent Office, after those named, is un- doubtedly the most interesting place of visit in Washington, for its massive architecture and on ac- BO UTE NO. 9.— WESTEUN AND SO UTEEBN. 179 count of its extraordinary collection of mechanical and labor-saving implementSj in wliicli it has no equal in any country. It is located on F street (many of the "Washington streets being thus desig- nated by letters) between Seventh and Ninth streets. The Model Room, occupying one entire floor, is divided into four halls, of which the East Hall is occupied by practical models ; the West Hall by rejected ones; the South Hall (with hand- some frescoed ceilings) by personal effects of Wash- ington, other Revolutionary relics, (sword of Wash- ington and cane of Franklin, among others) medals and Treaties with, and presents from foreign powers, Powers' Statue of Washington, &c., forming a unique, most valuable and interesting collection. Near the Patent Office is to be visited the General Post Office, an imposing Corinthian struc- ture, with the internal arrangements commanding a certain degree of attention, and some valuable re- cords of Franklin. Also, the City Post Office, in same building. " The Stale, War and Navy Departments have buildings near each other and near the President's House, on Pennsylvania Avenue. Little of interest is to be found in either, except the Library of the State Department, and the Collection of Eelics of the War and Navy. Of much more importance to the visitor is the Treasury Department Building, on Fifth street, immense in size and of some architectural merit; 180 BEOBT-TMIP QUIDE. wliile tlie details of Paper Money Printing [admis- sion "by order from the Secretary of the Treasury — easily obtained], carried on in the upper and lower portions of the structure, are worthy of close atten- tion from their extent and completeness. The Smithsonian Institute (founded by the late James SmithsoD, Esq., of England), stands in extensive and highly ornamented grounds, called the Mall, west of the Capitol, and south-east of the President's House. It is of large extent, built of red sand- stone, Norman in architecture, and has nine towers, of irregular heights. It contains an immense libra- ry-room, picture-gallery, lecture-room, laboratory, etc., and is already doing a noble work in the ad- vancement of science. At no considerable distance from this, stands the Washington Monument, intended to be one of the largest in the world, but thus far simply one of the largest failures, the funds to complete it from its present height of 170 feet to the contemplated 600, not being forthcoming. It is at present no monu- ment, but a curiosity. The National Observatory stands on Western Pennsyl- vania Avenue, half way between the President's House and Georgetown. It has a large transit and some other fine instruments, astronomical library, clock, etc. The Public Grounds of WasLington are princi- pally comprised in the Mall, on the banks of the Potomac, at and near the Smithsonian Institute; BO UTE WO. 9.— WESTEBN AKD SO VTHERN. 181 the Capitol' Grounds, before spoken of; and Laf'tu^ elfe Square, near the President's House (with Clark Mills' equestrian statue of Jackson). Principal Churches: the Epiphany^ (Epis.) G. Street, near Thirteenth; Trinity (Epis.) Third street; St. Johns (Epis.) Lafayette Square; Presbyterian, Eour-and- a-half Street; St. Aloysius (Cath,) near the Capitol; Foundry church, (Meth. Epis.) Fourteenth street. Principal Theatres: the New NalioriQl and Wall's Ofera House. [Ford's Theatre, once a favorite, and the scene of the assassination of President Lincoln, April, 1865, is to be seen as a curiosity, but has never since been opened as a place of amusement). Public Hall : Lincoln Hall. Promi- nent Hotels: the Arlington; St. Cloud; Howard; St. James'; Willard\ Suburban and other excursions from Washington, will include those to the Soldiers* Home (Military Asylum), three miles north of the city, and favorite resort of Presidential families in summer; the Arse" nal, Greenleaf s Point, junction of Eastern Branch and Potomac, with interesting collection of ord- nance. To the Navy Yard, with ship-houses, an armory, etc., on the Eastern Branch, short walk seuth-east of the Capitol. To the Congregational Cemetery^ lyiiig on the Eastern Branch, north-east of the Capitol, with many scores of monuments to Members of Congress wb o have died at "Washingtouj and specially notable monU' 183 8E0RT-TRIP GUIDE. ments of interest, to WiUiam "Wirt, George Clinton, Elbridge Gerry, and others; also Glenwood, rival cemetery of much beauty, lying north of the Capi- tol. To the Lo7iff Bridge, crossing the Potomac to the Vir- ginia shore, from near the Mall, to Alexander's Island, and computed to have carried over half a million of troops during the war of the secession. To Geoegetown, a handsome suburb, lying at the "West, beyond Rock Creek, with fine view from the Heights, and much interest in the Aqueduct, carry- ing the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal over the Poto- mac; also, Georgetown College (Jesuit), at the west end of the town, with library, museum, observatory, etc.; the Convent of the Visitation, Fayette street; Asylum for Children ; Oak Hill Cemetery (with handsome Chapel, fine monument to M. Bodisco, etc.) To Arlington Souse, former mansion of George Washington Parke Custis, stepson of Washington and later of General Robert E. Lee, of the Confed- erate service, but the property since occupied as a Freedman's Village, and most of the rare Washing- ton and other relics carried away, though the place must always retain a certain historical interest. To Little and Great Falls, of the Potomac, above Georgetown, with handsome scenery, and specially fine fishing. [All the last named places are most conveniently reached by carriage.] To RO UTE NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO UTHERm 18S Alexandkia, old town of Virginia, on the West- ern side of the Potomac, seven miles below Wash- ington — once of heavy commercial importance, but now decayed. It has interesting historical reminis- cences, in the fact that Gen. Braddock's unfortu- nate expedition to Fort Duquesne, which brought Col. Washington to notice, was fitted out here; also in his pew in Christ Church, still preserved, and other relics of the Father of his Country. It has a later and melancholy interest as the spot (at the Marshall House) where Col. Ellsworth, the Zouave, and his slayer, Jackson, were both shot, in May, 18G1. It has also a Museum, Court House, Theolog- ical Seminary, etc. [Beached from Washington by special boat here and to Mount Vernon; or by regu- lar daily boat on way to Acquia Creek, Fortress Monroe, and Richmond. Also, by rail or road. Railway connection, north to Washington; south to Acquia Creek, Richmond, etc. ; northwest to Leesburg, Haeper's Ferey, Chamber sburg, etc. ; west and southwest (through a succession of the early battle-fields of the secession war), to Fairfax Court House, Manassas Junction (battle-field of Bull Run in immediate neighborhood) connection northwestward to Strasburg, Winchester, etc.). War- renton Junction (for Warrenton), Culpepper, Orange Court House, Gordonsville, Charlottesville (seat <)f the University of Virginia, and with "Monti- cello," home of Thomas Jefferson, lying near), Sum- mit, and other stations, to 184 SMOMT-TMIP GVIJDK Staunton, principal depot of the Chesapeake and Ohio road (connection northward to Harrisonbnrg and to Harper's Ferry); to Goshen (near connec- tions to Bockbridge Alunij Bath Alum, Jordan Alum and other Springs; and by stage to Rock- bridge Baths, Lexington, the Natural Bridge, &c.); to Covington; through the Alleghenies to White SuU phur Springs, (see, for all these connections, Route 9J); to Huntington, on the Ohio River, terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio road, &c.] Of course the most interesting of all excursions from Washington will be that to Mount Yeknok, old residence and burial place of "Washington, lying on the west bank of the Poto- mac, eight miles below Alexandria. It is, to Amer- icans, unquestionably the most sacred of places on the continent, and only less interesting to those from other lands. Though somewhat decayed, the House (now the property of the Nation, through the labors of Edward Everett and the ladies of the *' Ladies' Mount Vernon Association"), commands a beautiful view of the river, is in fair preserva- tion, and contains many valuable relics, among others, pictures and furniture of Washington, the Key of the Bastille, presented to him by Lafayette, etc. The Tomb, of brick, stands near the house, under heavy shade, with an open grated doorway through which the sarcophagi of Washington and his wife are seen; with other tombs of the family visible without; the archway of the tomb bearing the simple inscription; "Within this enclosure rest no TTTE NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO UTEEUN. 185 the remains of General George Washington." Kot far distant is the original Tomb^ now crumbling to dust. [Reached from Washington by boat ; or by boat to Alexandria, and drive, or by drive. If by boatj with view of and stop at old Fori Washington, once a fortification of some consequence, on the eastern side of the Potomac, between Alexandria and Mount Vernon.] Other Excursions from "Washington, those to JBuU Bun, scene of the first important battle of the secession [reached from Alexandria, by Manassas Junction], and other fields of the late conflict. Also, nearly the same, in different directions, with obvious variation of railway routes, as those from Baltimore =— see close of Division B, this route. Division F. WASHINGTON, TO AND AT EICHMOND, VA. Leave Washington by morning boat on the Poto- mac river, to Alexandria, Ya., on the right, [See pre- vious Division] ; thence by Fort Washington, on the left [See same], and Mount Vernon, on the right [See same] ; or, by rail from Washington to Acquia Greeh, small village deriving its only im- portance from this transit, at the junction of the Creek of that name with the Potomac. Thence rail, on the Richmond, Frederiesburg and Potomac road, to Feedericsburg, on the right bank of Rappahan- 180 SnORT-THIP GUIDE. nock River — old town of importance in early Virgi- nia history, and especially notable from tlie fact that Geoege Washington was born in the immediate neighborhood. This event, so important to the Western World, and indeed to all mankind, took place upon what has long been known as the Wake- field Estate, at an inconsiderable distance from the town, within the limits of Westmoreland county ; and though the birth-place has long been destroyed, the spot is commemorated by a stone slab erected there by George W. P. Custis, step-son of Washing- ton, in 1815, and bearing the brief inscription ; ''Here, the 11th of February, (0. S.) 1732, George Washington was Born." The mother of Washington resided, late in life, at Fredericsburg, and died and was buried there; her monument, in the outskirts of the town, inaugurated by President Jackson in 1833, still shamefully remaining unfinished. The house is still pointed out, at the corner of Lewis and Charles streets, where she saw her distinguished son for the last time. Fredericsburg has also a later celebrity, as the scene, and in the neighborhood, of a consider- able amount of the fighting of the secession war, in 1862, '63, and later; and the country in the vicinity has by no means recovered from the devastation of those conflicts. Fredericsburg, by Milford, Chester, Sexton's Junction [connection westward, by Ches- apeake and Ohio Railroad, to Gordonsville, Staunton, and White Sulphur Springs,] to Richmond, on the James River, capital of the RO UTB NO. 9.— WESTERN AND SO UTHERN. 187 State of Virginia, and ever memorable as the later seat of the Confederate Government, and the object of an investiture and siege by the United States forces, that seemed literally hopeless and intermin- able. It lies on the left or north bank of the James, at the Lower Falls, or end of that series of rapids ex- tending six miles above and supplying the city with the needed water-power for its many flour-mills, to- bacco and other manufactories. The most conspic- uous object in the city, from the height of its posi- tion as well as from other causes, is The Capitol, located on Shockoe Hill, a considera- ble elevation, and thus looking down upon the major portion of the city. It is G-reek in the character of its architecture, with porticos, and a tall, narrow dome, and is generally impressive in effecty though the details are by no means faultless. It stands in a public square elevated as above named,, and com- mands a fine view, especially from the portico or dome, over the James River, its islands, and a wide stretch of country. Internally, there is not much of interest in the legislative halls; the principal at- traction centeriog in the splendid marble statue of Washington, by Houdon, considered the best extant, standing in the central hall, under the dome — and in the historical reminiscences, now so varied, inevi- tably clustering round the principal place of direo- tion o^ the short-lived Confederacy. Other Principal Buildings, worth visit: Richmond and St, Vincent Colleges; the City Hall, Custom 188 BHOBT-TBIP GUIDE, House and Fenitentiary ; and, as special objects of interest connected with the war, Castle Thunder and the Lihhy Prison. Also may be Tisited with profit, some of the many Flouring Mills, in which some of the best wheat in the world is prepared. Leading Churches: St. John'§ and the Monumental, with many others only less interestiDg. Other objects of interest :. the old Lines of Fortification defending the city during the siege; the Rapids (or Falls of the James); the entrance of the James River and- Kanawha Canal, etc. Leading Hotel: the Ballard. [Principal railway connections from Eichmond: northward, by routes Just traversed, to "Washington, etc. ; eastward to the White House and Chesapealse Bay; southward, by Petersburg and Weldon road, to Weldon and Wilmington (N. C); westward, by Sexton's Junction and Gordonsville, to Charlottes' ville, Staunton, Covington, White Sulphur Springs, &G,; south-westward, by Richmond and Danville road, to Greensboro (N. C); and Golumhia and Charleston (S. C); also south-westward, by South Side and Tennessee roads (by Burkeville Junction) to Lynchburg^ and across the AUeghenies to Knox-' ville (Tenn.), and other places in extreme south and west. (See routes f ollowingv)] noun No. ^h-spEO/AL virqinian tour.'' BALTIMORE OR "WASHINGTON TO PRINCIPAL VIR- GINIA SPRINGS, NATURAL CURIOSITIES AND MOUNTAINS, AND TO LYNCH- BURG AND RICHMOND. Divisvon A, SY harper's ferry TO BERKELEY SPRINGS^ Leave Baltimore or Washington by Baltimore and Ohio railroadj along the Upper Potomac and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal^ with burned bridges and other traces of the late secession war, through Monocacy Talley to Point nf Bocks, commencement of the rough di- vision made by the Potomac River between the States of Maryland and Virginia (railway con* nection northward to Frederick) ; to Sagerstown Junction (railway connection northward to MagerS" town); to " Tickets, information, and all facilities for tins tour, are supplied by Messrs. CooK, Son & Jenkins, 261 Broadway, New York, one of the me-mbers of wbioli iirnl has deservea the thanks of traTclors by his efforts for better opening Virginia to tourists, and calling closer and %vider attention to the noble scenery of the section^ 189a SHORT- TMIP OUIDM. Harper's Ferry, at the intersection of the TTpper Potomac with the Shenandoah, and considered one of the most picturesque passes in Ameriea, as well as a point of much importance in late history. (See Koute 9, Division B, p. 170.) Among its objects of special interest are the ruins of the U. S. Arsenal ; Maryland, 'Loudoun, and other heights, through which the Potomac makes its grand passage ; the very fine iron bridge over the river, &c. At this point the railroad, which has before followed the Maryland shore, crosses to that of Virginia, and continues for some distance within sight of the Po- tomac. The next station of importance is that of Ilartinsburg, famous during the war for conflict- ing loyalty and rebelliousness, and the home of the ultra-Southern heroine, Belle Boyd: now a thriving town, with railway-shops, the county Fair-Grounds, and a rough but picturesque location. By minor stations to Sir John's Bun, on the Potomac, spot of one of the encampments of General Braddock, on the way to his disastrous defeat at Fort Daquesne, and named for Sir John Sinclair, commander of his vanguard. Also noted for the experiments of Kumsey, who here constructed one of the earliest steamboats. [Beyond Sir John's Bun, for Gumberland, Pitts- EURG and the "West, continue by the Baltimore and Ohio road, crossing the AUeghenies, through scenery of marked magnificence. See "Route 9|,."] At Sir John's Eun, for the purposes of this tour, SPECIAL VIRGIWIAir TOUR. 189& stage is taken, through very fine mountain scenery, for a short ride to Berkeley Speings, one of the oldest and most noted of the Virginia watering-places, at which Gen. Washington, Thomas Jefferson and other great men of the past had summer residences, and sought health and relaxation. The Springs lie in a pleasant Talley, hemmed in by mountains, and are alleged to possess a specially breezy atmosphere, at all seasons; and the waters, merely tepid, have a high repute for bathing. The place has a certain additional cele- brity, as the residence of " Porte Crayon'' (G-en. D. H. Strother), the well-known illustrator of Virginia scenery. Principal Hotel: the Pavilion, with fine grounds and Baths of great completeness. Eeturn from Berkeley Springs to Sir John's Run and to Harper's Ferry, for pursuance of this tour; changing cars at Harper's Ferry to Winchester and Potomac road. Division B. hakper's ferry to and at weyer's cave. Leave Harper's Ferry by the Winchester and Potomac road, down the Shenandoah Valley, with shallow river on the left, and many marks of the de- struction wrought in the Valley, by fire and other- wise, during the secession war. Through a very fine agricultural country, opening what is more generally called the " Valley of Virginia." Half an hour from Harper's Ferry brings ISde SHOHT-TBIP GVIBB. Charlestown, a village of little prominence, but always notable, henceforth, as the place where John Brown, of Osawattomie, was tried and executed, for his armed invasion of the State, at Harper's Ferry. The spot where Brown was hung is visible in a high field, at the left of the road, shortly after passing through the main village. Continuing through a very rich agricultural country, something less than one hour brings Wmcheaiei', thriving town of the Yalley, with the Ice Mountain, where blocks of ice are said to be found all the year round; the Capon Springs, the Hanging Rocks, and other natural curiosities, with- in easy reach — and having now a peculiar historic and romantic interest, as the spot of an important conflict and the place of termination of T. Bucha- nan Read's celebrated poem, "Sheridan's Ride»"^ During all this ride down the Yalley of Yirginia, grand mountain scenery accompanies, at a distance, the Blue Ridge at the East and the North Moun- tain range at the "West, seeming to shut the whole Yalley away from the world. Also, many ravines, and high bridges add picturesqueness to the journey. At Strasburg Junction connection is made with the Washington City, Yirginia Midland and Great Southern railroad, from and to Manassas Junction, Washington, Alexandria, &c. Passing Woodstock, Mount Jackson, and other stations, and Newmarket (stage connection for Qordonsville), is reached. SPEGJLAL VIRGINIAN TOUR. imd Harrisonburg, former end of rail in this direct ion, now stopping-place of a certain interest. Hotel, Effinger's. Rail may be continued to. Staunton ; or, at Harrisburg or "Weyer's Cave Station, a few miles beyond, stage-coach or private carriage may be taken for the ride, through a moderately broken country, to Weyer's Cave, one of the most remarkable and beautiful subterranean passages in the world, and considered more varied in its spectacles than the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, though much smaller. It Ues on one of the branches of the Shenandoah, a few miles west of the Blue E-idge, and has been prin- cipally made known to the world (though known since 1804), by-" Porte Crayon," in his "Virginia Illustrated." For any adequate impression of this cave, its many chambers, great extent, wonderful variety, and the singular character of its stalactites and stalagmites, dependance must be entirely placed upon personal observation, the guide (always in readiness), and the local hand-book cheaply sup- plied. The visitor should be advised, howGver, (1) that he is undoubtedly visiting one of the most notable subterranean marvels in any land ; (2) that a considerable amount of fatigue is in- volved in any thorough exploration ; but that (3) no danger whatever is incurred, if the guide's di- rections are obeyed ; though (4) fine clothing is apt to become a trifle smirched, and ladies' long dresses are out of place ; and (5) night is con- 189^ SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. sidered a better time for the •visit than day, as the eyes are not subjected to such Changes between the world outside the cave and the torchlight realm within it. Hotel (and place for procuring guide), Mohler^s Weyer's Cave Hotel. In the vicinity of Weyer's Cave are Madison's Cave (described by Thos. Jefferson in "Notes on Virginia"), Fountain Cave, and others minor but interesting to those making longer sojourns. From Weyer's Cave, return by stage-coach or car- riage to connection with the rail between Harris- onburg and Staunton, at "Weyer's Cave Station, thence by rail to Staunton ; or, to Mount Sidney, and continue by carriage (turnpike, and fine drive), to Staunton. Division G. AT STAUNTON, AND TO THE WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. Staunton, thriving town of considerable age, county town of Augusta County, noted for its Col- legiate Schools, and seat of two State institutions of consequence — the Hospital for the Insane, and the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, — has lately sprung into increased prominence as the head-quarters of the jast-completed Chesapeake and Ohio railroad, extending from Chesapeake Bay to the Ohio River. It has also additional importance SPECIAL VIRGINIAN TOUR. 180/ as a place of rendezvous for tourists to the various springs and natural curiosities adjacent. Principal hotel : the American. [Railway connections, east to Charlottesville, Eichmond, Norfolk, &c.; west by route about to be traversed ; south by stage (rail in contemplation) to Bonsack's, and the Virginia and Tennessee road, for the south-west.] From Staunton, for pursuance of this route — by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, by Goshen, village with important connections to many of the more important Sp*riugs, the Natural Bridge, &c., (hereafter to be noted); at this point the scenery along the road commencing and con- tinuing to be singularly wild and grand, ranking among the best of its class in America — all the dis- tance through and from the North Mountain chain, to and through the Alleghenies. Among the most prominent points to be noted, are the rocky pass of Panther Gap, the huge bulk of Griffith's Knob, and the picturesque mouth of the Cow Pasture River. At Millhoro is the point of leaving the rail by coach for the Warm Springs, and the "Warm Spring Moun- tain, long celebrated for grandeur of view. Pursu- ing route by the rail, however, is passed the grand scenery of Clifton Forge, with the wild entrance of Jackson's River ; and not far beyond is reached Covington, mere railway hamlet ; beyond which point the scenery is even wilder than before, with the great Clay Cut, the tremendous embankment 189^ SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. of Jerry's Run, and two immense Tunnels — the second and longest through one of the mountains of the main Allegheny ridge ; shortly after which are reached White Sulphur Springs (station, and place of pop- ular resort). [Beyond the "White Sulphur Springs, for those going west, rail is continued, by Gauley Bridge, Charleston, BarhoursvilUj &c., to Huntington and the Ohio Eiver. ] The White Sulphur Springs (hotel and grounds) lie very near the station. The grounds are very ex- tensive, and well laid out ; and the hotel building, taking name from the Springs, is large and commo- dious, though old (having entertained the flower' of Southern aristocracy through the summers of more than half a century), while nearly one hundred cot- tages, in " Rows," circling the grounds, afford favor- ite accommodation. The waters of the Springs are strongly sulphuric, as the name indicates, and are held to be a specific in many diseases ; though no doubt the principal attraction of the place is, after all, compounded of fashion and the fine surround- ing scenery. SPECIAL VIBGimAN TOUR. 489A Division D. TO LEXINGTON, THE NATURAL BRIDGE, LYNCHBURG AND RICHMOND. ReturD, from the White Sulphur Springs, by Ches- apeake and Ohio road, by Covington, &c., to Goshen, before named in proceeding westward- important as being the center or point of departure for many places of popular resort. [Among others reached from Goshen by coach, are the Gold White Sulphur Springs, 2 miles ; the Rochhridge Alum Springs, 8 miles; and the Jordan Alum Springs, 8 miles; besides others embraced in the tour follow- ing.] Leave Goshen, by stage coach, through the very wild and picturesque Goshen Pass, along the I^orth Fork of the James River, to Rockbridge Baths, popular place of summer resort, beside the North Fork of the James, and with iodine and magnesia waters, said to be of the first excellence. Hotel: the Rockbridge Baths. From Rockbridge Baths, continue by stage-coach to Lexington, important town and tourist center, seat of the Virginia Military Institute, and of Wash- ington and Lee University, and with the tombs of Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson commanding attention. Has also, at the University, an Astronomical Observatory of note, founded by McCormick, inventor of the Reaper^ a native of 189^ SHORT- TRIP GUIDE. this county (Rockbridge). Leading Hotel: tlie Na- tional. [From Lexington, by stage or private carriage, excursion may be made to the Peaks of Otter, moun- tains of peculiar beauty, southward; or stage may be taken to Bonsack's, and connection made with the Virginia and Tennessee road.] From Lexington, by stage or carriage, to the Natukal Bridge, first curiosity of Virginia, and one of the grandest in the world. It crosses, in a natural arch of som« ninety feet, and with a height of over two hundred feet, the deep chasm of Cedar Creek, flowing into the James; and neither pen nor pencil can do justice to the absolute gran- deur of the structure, as witnessed from below and above. Best points of view, and peculiar oddities of resemblance to faces and animals under the arch, pointed out by guides. The tourist may or may not recognize the Eagle with outstretched wings, the Lion's Head, the Goddess of Liberty, and other striking similitudes to men and animals, in the moss and discoloration of the under-surface; but it is sure that he will realize the grandeur of the struc- ture, which is so wide, above, and so solid, that one of the great public roads of the county passes over it, and thousands ride across in stage-coach or wagon without being aware of the terrible gulf beneath, except their attention is called to it. Much inte- rest is always excited by the initials cut at different heights under the arch, by adventurous climbers; SPECIAL VIRGINIAN TOUR. 189/ and many fancy, perhaps with reason, that those of George Washingion (known to have been a visitor and admirer of the Natural Bridge) may be dis- covered in a certain locaHty. From above, at both feides, very fine views over the creek and the adjacent country may be obtained; though prudence should be observed in going near to either edge. There is also a view, at some distance from the road, of the Bridge itself, which should not be lost. Hotel: the Natural Bridge, Some notable Caves lie in the neighborhood, partaking of the character of Weyer's and others. From Natural Bridge, by carriage, to Gilmour's Mill; and thence daily (evening) packet-boat on the James River and Kanawha Canal, through fine scenery, to Lynchburg, on the James River — flourishing town, and great depot of the tobacco trade, as well as rail- way center of importance, [Connections, westward by the Virginia and Tennessee road; northward to Charlottesville and Gordonsville, for Eastern Virginia, "Washdv-gton, &c.; southward to Danville, for North Carolina, &,g. } eastward by route about to be trav- ersed.] Leading Hotels; the Norvell smd Piedmont. From Lynchburg, by the South Side railroad, by Burkevilie Junction, to Richmond, (See Route 9, p. 186 and following,) Richmo id to Washington by reverse of route 9, Division E, p. 185; or by Chesapeake and Ohio road to Gordonsville (Junction), and thence by Wash- ISdJc SHORT-TMIP GXIIDE. ington City, Virginia Midland and Great Southern roadj — for return northward; or eastward, or south- ward, by other lines of conneation from that city. i;^ee Eoute 9, p. 188,^ ROUTE Ho. M -WESTERN AND SOUTH-WESTERN. WASHINGTON OR BALTIMOEE, BY BALTIMORE AND OHIO ROAD,' TO CUMBERLAND, GRAFTON, AND WHEELING ; AND TO CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, ETC. Division A. WASHINGTON OR BALTIMORE TO GRAFTON. Washington or Baltimore, by B. and O. Boadj to Sir Jolin^s Eun, as by previous route (" Special Virginia Tour," No. 91), with unequalled oppor- tunities, on all the earlier portions of this route, through and by the Maryland towns, for visiting some of the most noted battle-fields of the secession war, to wit: Gettysburg from Frederick, Antietam from Hagersiown or Point of Rocks, &g. Passing Point of Rock», Harper's Ferry, &c., as by that route, and with or without detour at Sir John's Ban, to Berkeley Springs, as also by that route, — . From Sir Joimh Run, continuing west, the rail- road crosses the Great Cacapon by a fine bridge 300 feet long, and the Potomac (south branch) by one 400 ft. long; and then, passing by a Viaduct 700 ft. long, crosses to the N. side of the Potomac into Maryland ao-ain ; and nest reaches Cumberland, the second city of the State of Mary- land, situated at the eastern foot of the range of the Alleghenies. It is the center of a most important coal and iron district; has some handsome public buiklino^s, and hotel; is the seat of large iron works, the railroad repairing^shops, and one of the largest steel rolling-mills in the country. Cumberland is the Eastern terminus of the Great National Road through Wheeling, &e., to the Mississippi; also the "Western termination of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal; both of which modes of transit, of the great- 189m SHORT-TBIP QUIDK est importance in their day, liave been to a great extent superseded by railroads. [Bail way connections from Cumberland to Gor- nellsville and Pittsburgh; also to the Oil Kegions of •Pennsylvania. Short .ride via Bridgeport, to the celebrated Bedford Springs.'^] Leaving Cumberland, westward, is entered the grand scenery of the Ascent of the Alleghenies, for some 45 miles, among the best on the continent, to the summit, at Altamont. Important points are passed, on this ascent, at Keyser, 21 miles from Cumberland, and at Piedmont (the "mountain foot"), 28 miles from Cumberland. [Important connections, at Piedmont, with the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Kailroacl, through the coal and iron regions, among the most important in those productions in America.] At Piedmont commences the famous " 17-mile grade," reaching the summit of the Alleghenies at At- iamont, 2,720 feet above tide-water at Baltimore. Near Altamont, some three miles distant, at Deer Park, is the favorite hotel and summer-resort, the Deer Park- House. The descending grade of the Alle- ghenies is commenced at Cranberry Summit, 23 miles from Altamont; and very soon after, the magnificent scenery of the Cheat River Valley and the river of the same name comes into view. The scenery of this valley is considered almost unrivalled. The valley is crossed by a noble viaduct; and the ascent of the " Cheat River Grade" exposes the splendid scenery of the Laurel Hiil range. Among the best and bold- est engineering work in America is to be found on this road, during the passage to Cassidy's SummiL Again descending, King Wood Tunnel is passed through, 4, 100 feet in length. Shortly after is reached ROUTE NO. n-— WESTERN AND SOUTHERN. 189;^ Newburgh, (W.Ya.), 267 miles from Baltimore. Be- yond, the rapid descent of the Three Forks leads to Grafton, 1,000 feet above tide-water at Baltimore, where diverge the two great sub-divisions of the Bal- timore and Ohio : 1st, the Central Ohio Division, to Newark, Columbus, Sandusky, &e., thence to Chicago; and, 2d, the Main Line to Parkersburg, with connec- tions to Cincinnati, St. Louis, the West and Southwee-t. Division B. GRAFTON BY WHEELING TO CHICAGO. Prominent places passed on this route are : Fairmount, (W. Va.), county seat of Marion Co.; Mannington, among the beautiful scenery of the Buf- falo Valley; Moundsville, near which arise the won- drous Indian Mounds of such size and prominence, puzzling all the historians and men of science; Ben- wood (with connection to Wheeling); Bellair (en- trance into the State of Ohio) ; Cambridge; Zanesville, important town and county seat of Muskingum Co. ; Newark, county seat of Licking; Columbus, capital of Ohio (see p. 202) ; [detour from Newark] ; Mansfield, county seat of Richland; Shelby [connection, by the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis R. R., with the Atlantic & Gt. Western and Erie roads, direct to New York and the East] ; Sa^idusky, im- portant town of Lake Erie; thence hj Tiffin (railway junction of importance). Defiance, &e., to Chicago. Division C. GRAFTON BY PARKERSBURG TO ST. L*OUIS. Passing through a mountainous and wooded country, producing coal and petroleum in great abundance, is reached ISdo SHOni-TBIP GVIDE. Parhersburg, (W. Ya.), county seat of Wood Ca, on the Ohio, at the mouth of the Little Kanawha — - prosperous town, and center of petroleum and other industries. The Ohio river is here crossed by one of the most magnificent bridges in the world, with a height above tide-water of some 80 feet, spans of 350 feet, and a total length of one mile, 550 yards. Two miles below may be seen BlennerhasseW s Island, so intimately connected with the fortunes of Aaron Burr and his alleged victim, Herman Blennerhasset, At Belpre are to be found the great stock-yards of the company. The next place of importance is Athens, (O.), county seat of county of same name, and seat of the State University and one of the State Lunatic Asylums. Many of the noted Indian Mounds in the neighborhood. [Railway connection to Columbus, by Hocking Yalley road. j Then follow Ilamden, [branch road to Portsmouth, county seat of Scioto, and center of coal and iron industries] ; Ghilicothe, founded in 1796, and capital of Ohio until 1810 — now county seat of Eoss, and with many handsome public and other buildings [branch rail to Hillsboro] ; Loveland [connection with the Little Miami road]; to Cincinnati, (see p. 204). From Cincinnati, by Laivrenceburgh [connection to Indianapolis] ; North Vernon [branch to Louisville, Ohio, and steamers on that river] ; Flora [connec- tions north to Beardstown, south to Shawneetown. &c.]; Odin [connection south to (7az>o, New Orleans, &C.1 This route terminates with the crossing of the Mississippi river, by one of the most stupendous and magnificent iron bridges in the world, to St. Louis. ROUTE No. 10.-S0UTH-WESTERN {SEMhSKElE- TON.) RICHMOND BY RALEIGH, WILMINGTON, COLUMBIA, CHARLESTON, ATLANTA, MONTGOMERY AND MOBILE, TO NEW ORLEANS. Eichmond by rail on Petersburg and Weldon road, to Petersbueg (with fortifications remaining, and other traces of the late struggle). [Connection south-eastward to Suffolk and Koefolk.] Thence by Hickford Junction [connection south to Weldon, Goldsboro and Wilmington'], where Kaleigh and Gas- ton road is taken, — and by Bidgeway Junction ; to Raleigh, capital of the State of North Carolina, on the Neuse River, and named after Sir Walter Raleigh. It has an imposing State House, hand- some Union Square, State Lunatic Asylum and many other objects of interest. From Raleigh; by the North Carolina and "Wilmington roads, to Wilmington, on the Cape Fear River, largest and chief commercial city of the State, with steamers to New York; extensive exports of naval stores; some good public buildings; Forts Fisher and Caswell (bombarded during the war), etc. Wilmington, by Columbia and Augusta road to Florence ; thence by North-eastern road to Chaeleston, principal city of South Carolina, 190 SHORT-TBIP GUIDE. • and one of the leading sea-ports of tlie South [may be reached by steamer direct from New York], as well as especially celebrated as having been the spot at which the first fighting of the secession occurred, and for a long time the stronghold of the Confede- rates and object of Federal siege. It lies at the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers, has a fine harbor, and very strong fortifications, in Forts Moultrie, Castle FincJcney, etc., and also the ruins of the celebrated Fori Sumter, It has many good pub- lic buildings, though many were destroyed during the war, from which the city is only slowly recover- ing. Among the most interesting buildings are the Old State House (now Court House), New Custom Mouse, City Hall, Orphan Asylum,, St. MichaeVs Church (with fine old tower), Charleston College, etc. Principal Public Ground: the Battery, at the har- bor-side. Principal Cemetery: Magnolia Cemetery^ considered the finest in the South. Leading Hotels: the Charleston,. Mills House and Pavilion. [Near connection south-westward, by Charleston and Sa- vannah road, to Savannah, principal town of the State of Georgia, on south bank of the Savannah Eiver, with remark- ably wide streets, fine shade, many notable public buildings, revolutionary and secession reminiscenceSy and considered one of the healthiest of the Southern cities.. Principal Hotels: i]iQ Screven, PulasM^ and Marshall. Connection from Savannah south- westward to Tallahassee and other towns of Florida*] EO UTE WO. lO.-SO TTTH- WHJSTBBJST. 191 From Charleston, by South Carolina road, "by Branchvilte and King sville, to Columbia, capital of South Oa-folina, beautifully situated on the Congaree river, with what is consid- ered the handsomest State- Capitol in the Union, the South Carolina College, and many other attractions, though burned during the war, and only partially recovered. Leading Hotel : Nickersorfs. From Co- lumbia, by Columbia and AugTista road, to Augusta, important town of Georgia, and second in the State ; on the Savannah River, with Powder and Cotton FactorieSj a large TJ. S. Arsenal in the neighborhood, handsome City Hall, and many at- tractiojis as a residence. Leading Hotels : the Au- gusta asd Planters'. From Augusta, westward, by the G-eorgia road, to Atlanta, capital of the State of &et)'r^!a, lying at the intersection of the Georgia road west, the At- lantic road southward ivom. Chattanooga and Nash- ville, the Macon road south to Macon, &c. ; and with a certain other interest in its siege during the war, and as the point of departure of Sherman, on his " March to the iSea." Hotel : the Kimball. Froni Atlanta, by Atlanta and West Point and Montgom- ery and West Point roads, by West Point, to MoNTGOMEEY, capital of Alabama, and for a time the seat of the Confederate Government, before re- moval to Richmond. It lies on the Alabama river, bas a commanding site, a Capitol worthy of atten- tion, and many other good buildings, though having 192 SHORT-TRIP GVII>E. several times suffered severely by fire. Prominent Hotels : the Central and Exchange. From Mont^r gomery south-westward, by Mobile and Montgomery road, by Pollard (Junction : railway connection to Pensaaola, handsome town on Pensacola Bay, near the Gulf of Mexico, with fine harbor, XJ. S. Naval Station, etc. — leading Hotels : Bedell^ Winter and St. Mark's Rail); to Mobile, on the Bay of the same name, branch of the Gulf of Mexico. It is the most important sea- port of Alabama, and, in spite of bad navigation, the second of the great cotton ports of the Gulf. It has few public buildings of interest, but fine water- views, extensive fortifications, and a romantic his- toric interest as the scene of Farragut's fearful " pas- sage of the Forts," and lashing himself in the shrouds of his vessel in the midst of their fire. [Communi- cation by steamers and sailing -vessels, to New Or- leans, Galveston, and many other ports on the Gulf.] Leading Hotel : the Battle Mouse. From Mobile, by Mobile and Texas road, to New Orleans, largest city of the State of Loui- siana, and first cotton port of the South, as well as entrepot for products coming down the Mississippi Biver, of which it lies at near the debouchure into the Gulf of Mexico. New Orleans, familiarly called the " Crescent City," from its shape on the river, used also to be called the " Paris of America," and has not quite lost all the characteristics of gaietji bestowing the name. It lies on land lower than the h^ UTE m. lO.—SOUTR-WESTEBN'. 193 river, rendering necessary a great embankment, call- ed tlie Levee, which also supplies both wharves and promenades, along which may be seen the most marked features of the city. Among the later nota- ble events connected, were another " passing of the Forts," below {For is Jackson and St.' Philip), by Admiral Farragut, and the occupation of the city by the somewhat-unpopular commandant. Gen. B. F. Butler. Among the most important buildings are the Custom House, Canal Street, one of the largest in America ; the U. S. Branch Hint ; the Cit^ Hall ; Odd Felloius' Hall ; Masonic Ball ; Merchants' Ex- change ; U. S. Marine Hospital, etc. It has many fine churches, with the Eoman Catholic Cathedral of St. Louis the most prominent ; and of its public grounds the most notable are the New City ParJc, Lafayette Square, Jackson Square, etc. Most attractive Ceme- teries : Cypress Grove, Greenicood, and Monument (soldier's). There are two Monuments of interest : the Clay, on Canal Street, and the Jackson (unfin- ished) on the Battle-field, below the city. One of the most interesting features of New Orleans is to be found in the Markets, which should be visited early in the morning, not only to observe the im- mense variety of articles on sale, but the negro, half- Spanish and half-French characters of dealers and customers. Principal Theatres : the Opera House, St. Charles, Varieties and Academy of Music. Prom- inent Hotels: the St. Charles, St. Louis, St. James, and City. Excursions may be made to the Battle- 194 SHOMT^TEIP G VIDE, field, scene of Gen. Jackson's victory over Sir Ed- mund Pakenham, Jan. 8th, 1815, four or five miles below the city ; to the TJ. 8. Barracks, a little above ; to Lake Fonchar train, above the city (famous for fish- ing and shooting, in the season); to the Delta and the Mouths of the Mississippi, some twenty-five miles below. [New Orleans has regular communication, by steamer, to New Yoek ; to Havana (Cuba) ; to Gal- veston (Texas) ; and nearly all important Gulf ports. Also by steamer up the Mississippi, to Memphis, Cairo, St. Louis, and all important towns on that river. Also by rail, hj Jackson (Miss.) to Memphis ; and thence to all towns and cities in the North, North-east or North-west ROUTE NO. n -SOUTH-WESTERN {SKELETON.) WASHINGTON" OR RICHMOND, BY LYNCHBURG, KNOXVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA, TO MOBILE AND NEW ORLEANS. "Washington by rail, by Alexandria; and by Orange, Alexandria and Manassas road (by Manassas Junction) to Charlottesville (Junction — connection 'westward to Staunton, etc.) ; thence direct to Lynch- burg. Or, Richmond by Sonth Side road to Burhe- ville (Junction-^intersection with Bichmond and Danville road, southward) ; thence direct by Appo- mattox, and. other stations, to I/YNCHBURG, OH the James River, and the James River and Kanawha Canal — important tobacco-depot and flourishing town. [Most convenient railway point, from which to reach, by canal-packet or car- riage, those great natural curiosities, the Natural Bridge and the (Mountain) Peaks of Otter. 1 From Lynchburg, by Virginia and Tennessee road, by Bonsack's [stage connection to Natural Bridge, Lexington, &c.] ; Big Tunnel [passage of the Alle- gheny Mountains ; horse-car connection to Alle- gheny Springs] ; Bristol, and other stations, to Knoxville, important town of the State of Ten- nessee, on the Holston River, with the University of 196 SHORT- TRIP GUIDE. East Tennessee, many railway connections, and mucli popularity as a place of residence. Knoxville to Chattanooga, on the Tennessee river, near the boundaries of Alabama and Georgia, and one of the most important railway centres of the south-west ; but additionally celebrated, since the war, for the battles of Chickamauga and Lookout Mountain, fought in the immediate neighborhood. In the vicinity of the Lookout (easily visited from Chatta- nooga,) is to be found scenery of equal grandeur and loveliness. Hotel : the Crutclifield House. Chatta- nooga, by the Alabama and Chattanooga road, by Tuscaloosa and other important stations, to Meridian, railway town of the State of Mississippi, [with connections east to Montgomery, west to Jach- son (capital of the State), north to Memphis, etc.] . From Meridian, by the Mobile and Ohio road, direct to Mobile and. New Orleans, as in Koute No. 10. ROUTE Ho. Wh-SOUTHERN iSEMhSKELETO/ll.) BALTIMORE (bY WASHI>TGT0K AND RICHMOND) TO WELDON, WILMINGTON, CHARLESTON, SAVANNAH, THE FLORIDA RESORTS, ETC. Leave Baltimore, by Baltimore and Ohio, or Balti- more and Potomac route (see Eoute No. 9, p. 171, &c.), to Washington (see p. 172). From Washing- ton, by Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, and con- nections, by Fredericksburg (see p. 185), Richiiond (see p. 186), Petersburg (see p. 1891), to Weldon, town of some importance, of North Caro- lina. At Weldon, connection by the Seaboard and Koanoke Railroad, to Noefolk and the steamboat line on the Chesapeake Bay to Baltimore for Wash- ington and the North. Also, at Weldon, connection by the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, to Wilmington, chief commercial city of the State of North Carolina, and great naval store depot, on Cape Fear River (see Route No, 10). From Wilmington by Florence to Columbia, capital of South Carolina, by the Wilmington, Columbia and Aagusta Railway (see p. 191) ; and by brief connecting road, to Au- gusta, Georgia (see p, 191.) From Augusta, brief ride to Aiken, celebrated health-resort of South Caro- linaj enjoying remarkable freedom from cold, winds 1965 BHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. of the Atlantic slope. From Augusta by the Cen- tral Georgia Kailroad, to Savannah (see p. 190). Or, with return from Augusta or Columbia to Florence, rail on North-eastern Eailroad to Chaeleston (see p. 189/), and by the Savannah and Charleston Bailroad to Savannah (see p. 190). From Charleston, for Florida, by boat, every Fri- day and Saturday evening, touching at Savannah. Thence to Fernandina, Jachsonville, St. John's River ports, and to Palatka. Or from Savannah by boat, as in connection. From Savannah (all rail), rail on the Atlantic and Gulf, and Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile roads, to Jacksonville. Branch rail, Jacksonville to Fer- nandina. For Tallahassee, St. Marks, and Apalachicola, rail on Atlantic and Gulf road from Savannah ; or on Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile road, from Jack- sonville. For Pensacola (and for Mobile), rail as for Talla- hassee, &c. For Cedar Keys, rail on Florida road, from Fer- nandina, or from Jacksonville. For St. Augustine, daily morning boat up the St. John's Hiver from Jacksonville, landing at Tocoi — ■ thence St. John's Kailroad, about one hour. The same steamer, from Jacksonville, for Mandarin, Hi- hernia, Magnolia, Green Gove Sx>rings, Picolata, and Palatka', with smaller boats making trips further up the river to Dunn's Lake, Lake George, &c. ROUTE NO. 19. -WESTERN. NEW YORK TO PHILA.DELPHIA, HARRISBUEG, PITTSBURG, CINCINNATI, ST. LOUIS, CHICAGO, ETC, BY PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD AND CONNECTIONS. Division A. NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, OR MANTUA JUNCTION. Leave New York (as by Route Ko. 8) by the Penn- sylvania road, by Jersey City, Newark, Elizabeth, Rah- zvay, New Brunswick, Trenton, etc., to Philadelphia, if for stoj) at that city ; if for through passage to the West, without stop at Philadelphia, New York by the same towns to Mantua Junction, where close through-connection is made. Division B. PHILADELPHIA, OR MANTUA JUNCTION, TO AND AT HARRISBURG. Leave Philadelphia ("West Philadelphia), or Man- tua Junction, if without stop at Philadelphia, by rail, by the Pennsylvania Railroad ; by Downing- ton [connection northward for Waynesburg] ; by Coatesville [connection northward for Beading ,Boui]i' ward for Wilmington], etc. ; to Lancastee, pleasantly situated on the Conestoga Greek, in a fine agricailtural section ; seat of Franklin 198 SEOBT-TUIP OTIIDE, und 3IarshaU College ; with Court Rouse and other creditable buildings, and interesting series of Canal Locks in the neighborhood, at month of the creek. Was for some years, at beginning of the century, the seat of government of Pennsylvania. Leading Ho- tels : the Cit'^, and MichaeVs. Lancaster, by Branch Intersection [connection northward to Reading, southward for Columbia, York, etc.], ML Joy and Middletown, to Haeeisbueg, capital of the State of Pennsylvania, on the east bank of the Susquehanna river (origi- nally "Harris' Ferry" over that river). The most notable building is the Capitol, on high ground, with fine view from the dome, with State Library, Legislative Chambers, etc. Also should be visited, the Court House ; the Old Harris Mansion ; and some of the extensive L-on and Steel Works in the vicinity ; as well the Susquehanna river and some of the bridges spanning it — one of them very old, and showing a remarkably high arch. Princix3al street ; Front Street. Principal Public Ground ; Harris Park. Prominent Hotels ; the Locliiel, Jones House, and Bolton's. [Important railway con- nections from Harrisburg : by Lebanon Yalley road, east to Lelanon and Reading ; by Northern Central road, southeast to Baltimore, etc. ; by the same road northward to Elmira and the Erie Railway and its connections : by Cumberland Yalley road, south- westward for Carlisle, Chamber sburg^ etc. ; by Phila- delphia and Erie road, northwestward for Wdliams- portf Carry, Brie and Qil Regions.] no TfTE NO. n.— Vi/ESTEMN, 190 Division G. HARRISBURG TO AND AT PITTSBURG-, WKEELINO, ETC- From Harrisbnrg, continuing by Pennsylvania Central road ; by Lewistown [connection northward for Milroy, northeastward for Sunbury, etc.] ; by Tyrone [connection northeastward to Loch Haven and the Philadelphia and Erie road, northwest to Clearfield, etc.] ; by Huntington, etc., to Altoona, at the commencement of the ascent of the Allegheny Mountains ; great locomotive-shop of the Pennsylvania Central Company ; and sur- rounded by magnificent mountain-scenery, making a sojourn very pleasant in summer. Hotel : the Logan House. [Spur southward to Martinsburg, and stage thence to Bedford Springs.'] Prom Al- toona should be made, by daylight, to enjoy the fine scenery, the Railivay ascent of the Alleghenies, with features quite as grand as most of the Alpine rail-routes, and double power necessary in drawing up the trains. An immense Tunnel, nearly three-quarters of a mile in length, is passed through before reach- ing the summit, at Ceesson (Cresson Springs), a popular summer- resort, on account of its elevation and healthful air. Hotel : the Mountain House. [Spur north- ward to Ehensburg,'] Prom Cresson the descent of the Alleghenies is made, without the use of steam, the speed being regulated by brake-power; to Gonemaugh ^''!-ation; and to Johnstoim. with the extensive Cam- 200 8H0BT-TBIP GVIDE. bria IronWorks in the neighborlioodj and heavy man- ufactures. Hotel : the Scott House. From Johns- town, by i?fezVsw7Ze [connection northward iox In- diana, northwestward to Freeport and points on Al- legheny Yalley road] ; by Greensburg, etc., to PiTTSBUEG, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers (forming the commence- ment of the Ohio) ; and on the spot once occupied by old Fort Duquesne ; with Braddock's Field, of the French- war, in the near vicinity. Very exten- sive manufactures are carried on, in Pittsburg, in Allegheny City (across the Allegheny, and connected by line bridges), in Birmingham (similarly situated across the Monongahela, with bridges), Laiorenee- ville, and other suburbs — in iron, glass, steel, brass, wooden-ware, and many other industries. It is also a great coal and oil centre, and has the smokiest atmosphere in America. In addition to the llanufactories and the exten- sive Bailway Buildings, other objects of interest will be found in the Levee (wharves) on the Monon- gahela; the Ohio and Mississippi boats loading there, with many peculiarities for the stranger; ih-Q In- clined Railway up Mount Washington, across the Monongahela, whence a fine view of the city may be commanded, etc. Among prominent public and other buildings will be noticed i\iQ Roman CatholiG Cathedral ; Presbyterian and BajMst Churches ; Court House ; Custom House ; (with Post Office) ; new City Hall ; Mercantile Library Hallf etc.; and in Allegheny City, Hlq Theological BO TJTE NO. 13.— WESTERN. 201 Seminaries^ Western Penitentiary, etc., and more elegant residences of the citizens. There are no less than four Cemeteries : the Allegheny ; St. Mary's; Hilldale ; and ML Union. Leading Ho- tels : the Monongahela, Union, St. Charles, and Mercharits'. (Eailway connections from Pittsburg are very general. Northward, by the Allegheny Valley road, to Venango, Oil City, and the Oil Regions generally ; eastward by route just traversed ; westward, to places named, by the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis and Pittsburg, Fort "Wayne and Chicago roads ; northwestward to Cleveland, by Cleveland and Pitts- burg road ; and to Ei^ie by the Erie and Pittsburg road ; southeastward to Cumberland, Harper's Ferry, etc., by the Pittsburg and Baltimore and Washing- ton road. There is also steamboat communication, down the Ohio river to Wheeling and thence to Cincinnati, during the open season.] From Pittsburg, by Cleveland and Pittsburg road, a visit may be paid to Wheeling, West Virginia, a large and important town, lying at a debouchure of Wheeling Creek into the Ohio River — with manufactures of the same character as those of Pittsburg, only second to them in extent. Apart from its Manufactures, the two greatest j)oints of interest' are the Wire Suspension Bridge of the National Road, with 1,000 feet of span ; and the new and splendid Railway Bridge. Oil and coal trade also immense, as at Pittsburg. [Railway connection southeastward by the Baltimore and Ohio 203 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. road to Harper's Ferry, Baltimore and Washington eastward to Pittsburg and northwestward to Cleve- land and Lake Erie, by the Cleveland and Pittsburg road. Or, by Baltimore and Ohio road, from Wheeling by Belle Air ; and Zanesviille, thriving and handsome town on the Muskingum E-iver, with immense water-power and fine railroad-bridge — [connection southwestward, by Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley road, to Cincinnati) : to Neimrk, ■Columbus, etc. Steamboat communication to Pitts- burg, and down the Ohio to Cincinnati during the open season. Hempfield railw^ay will connect di- rectly to Pittsburg when completed.] Division D. PITTSBURG- TO AND AT COLUMBUS, OHIO. From Pittsburg, by rail, on the Pittsburg, Cin- cinnati and St. Louis road (or from Wheeling by rail to same point) ; by Steubenville, pleasant village on the Ohio river, county, seat of Jefferson County, with many manu- factures and fine scenery in the neighborhood ; by Mingo Junction [connection northwestward to Cleve- land, eastward to Bochesier, etc.] ; by Dennison, Coshocton, and Dresden Junction [connection south to Zanesville, etc.] ; to . Newark, handsome and thriving town on the Licking river, with extensive railway connections : roads to Sandusky and Lake Erie, to Zanesville and the south, intersecting. Efom Newark to CoiJEJMBUS, on the Scioto Eiver, capital of th© nOUTE NO, 12. - WESTERN. 263 "State of Oliio, and one of the most important towns ^of the State, Ifc is beautifully laid out and very handsomely shaded ^ Broadway^ its main street, -being -considered unsurpassed. The Capitol^ on th-o elegant public groTind, Capitol Square, ha,s fine -chambers, good sculptures and pi<3tures ; and there are, of other public buildings of interest, the City Hall y TJ. 8. Arsenal, with fine high grounds; State P-enitentiary ; Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum (building, in place of that burned in 1868) ; , Blind and Deaf and Dumb Asylums -^ Starlmg Medical College-; -St. Marys Female Seminary, etc. Also worthy of attention are the Holly Water Woi'ks, with steam raising-power. Other Public Grounds than the one already named, and the fine ones surrounding most of the public buildings : the er works. There are also extensive Black Marble 230 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. Quarries in the neighborhood. Hotels : the Her die, Craiuford, City, and American. From Williamsport by the Philadelphia and Erie road; by Lock Haven", another great lumber centre, also with immense Timber-Boom, saw-mills, etc., and fine scenery in the neighborhood. Hotels : the Ful' ton, Irving, and Montour. Lock Haven, by Benovo, Emporium, Wilcox and other stations ; to Irvineton, whence should be taken the Oil Creek and Alleghany road, to Tidioute, Oleopolis, Pitliole, Oil Gity^ Titusville, or any of those great oil centres, from which short excursions, locally directed, can be made with most profit and satisfaction. Thence to Corky, for Salamanca and the Erie road, going east ; or for Erie and the Lake Shore road^ for the north or West . ROUTE NO. U -CANADIAN AND WESTERN. K"IAGARA FALLS, BY HAMILTOl^ AKD LOlTDOiq" TO DETEOIT AND CHICAGO, BY GREAT WESTERK AKD MICHIGAN" RAILWAYS. Leave Niagara Falls (Suspension Bridge), by rail on the Great Western road of Canada ; by TJioroli {crossing of tlie Welland. Canal around tlie Falls of Niagara), to St. CatJiarin^Sy pleasant small town, favorite as a residence, and with Mineral Springs of much cele- brity. Thence by Grimsby, lying near the shore of Lake Ontario, to Hamilton, on Burlington Bay, at the extremo western end of the Lake, with very handsome coast- scenery in the neighborhood ; a magnificent Imrbor, with heavy lake trade and line fishing ; and tho town itself very prettily laid out, with elegant resi- dences and other buildings, well shaded and attrac- tive. Very fine views are to be obtained from the Moxintaii^ where also stands Dundrum Castle, erected by Sir Alkn McNab, when Governor-Gen- eral ; and there are many favorite resorts in the neighborhood, among others the Beach, Oaklands, Flarnborougli Heights, etc. Prominent Hotels : the Anglo-American and City. [Connection eastward {Hamilton Jtmction) with the Grand Trunk Rail* 233 ' SHOBT-TMIP OUIDE. way for Toronto and all tlie Eastern Canadian cities ; also., by boat on the Lake, for Toronto and th.e same]. Hamilton to Dundas, with many manufactures and much fine scenery at and near the Desjardinea Canal, here commencing; to Harrishurg [connec- tion northward to Berlifi, Guelph, and the Grand Trunk roadj ; to Paris, a thriving town, with important water- power and manufactures, at the junction of the Grand and JSTith rivers, with mineral springs and a petrifying spring in the neighborhood [connection northwestward to Goderich and Lake Huron, and southeastward to Dunville and Buffalo, by Gode- rich and Grand Truiik road]. Paris to LoKDQK, considered the m-etropolis of South Western Canada — with handsome location, streets well laid out and shaded, costly buildings, and all the attractions for residence. [Connection north- ward to St. Mary's and the Grand Trunk road ; southward to Port Stanley, on Lake Erie, with boat connection to Buffalo]. London, by Komolca [connection westward to Petrolia (oil-centre), and Port Sarnia, at the entrance of the St. Clair river into Lake Huron] ; and by Glencoe ; to Botlhtoell, principal town of the Canadian oil- regions, in the neighborhood of which those who have not visited the Pennsylvania oil-sections, may derive a very good idea of the petroleum wells and processes. Bothwell to CJiatJiamj with the distinction of very ROUTENO.Vt.— CANADIAN AND WESTERN. 233 large percentage of negro population. [Connection with Detroit, by steamers down the Thames river and across Lake St. Olair to Detroit river], Chatham by unimportant stations to Wi:n'dsor, very old town on the eastern ^de of the Detroit river, with many French peculiarities and but moderate prosperity. From Wmdsor, ferry, car- rying over cars on boats, to Detroit, Michigan, lying on the ,west bank of the Detroit river, etraib connecting Lake St. Olair with Lake Erie. This is the largest city of the State ; one of the oldest in any of the "Western States, and one of the most wealthy and influential of all. The city front extends along the river at great length, with most of the location elevated, and the streets well shaded and broken up into many small parks and public grounds. The most important of the lat- ter is the Grand Circus, park and promenade, from which radiate many of the finest avenues; among others, Woodioard, Jefferson, etc. There is also a large Plaza, called the Camjms Martinis, around which are grouped many of the finest buildings in the city. Without the town, the favorite public re- sorts are Fort Wayne, on the river, three miles from the city; Belle He, Grosse Poi7ite and Grosse Tie, more distant. The principal Cemeteries are Elm- wood and Woodlazun. Among the prominent buildings in the city, are the Michigan Central Freight Depot, of immense fiize and costly construction, with the great Loco^ 2S4 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. motive Round House and Grain Elevator, near it ; the Custom House (with Post Office) ; the Opera House; the Board of Trade Building, etc. The most notable churches are St. Paufs (Epis.), with the peeuUarity of a roof without cohimns; Ghrist, St. JoJm^s and Grace (all Epis.) ; Fort Street Fres- lyteriaji; Oentral (Meth.-Epis*) ; St. Feter and St. Faul (Oath.); St. Anne^s (Oath.), with very line choir; etc. Detroit has also elaborate Water-Yv^orks; large manufacturing and lake-shipping interests, in grain and proyisions, etc. Theatre: the Opera House. Proniinent Hotels: The Russell, Biddle^ and Micliirjan Excliange. / From Detroit may be Tisited, north, Lalce St. (flair, with many attractive features in scenery ; and southward, the Fut-in-Bay Islands, below the mouth of the Detroit riyer, in Lake Erie, near which occur- red Commodore Perry's yictory in 1813 ; now famous as bathing and fishing resort, etc. [Boat from De- troit to Kelly^s Island, largest of the group^eyery day during warm season.] [Eailway connection from Detroit : north to Port Huron, foot of Lake Huron: northwest to Sarfinata^ Wc/iona, etc. ; west to Kalamazoo, etc. ; east by route just traversed, and by Toledo and Lake Shore road ; west to CniCAGO, etc., as see route to be pursued. In addition, it has steamboat communication on Lake Erie to Bupfalq and other ports ; and to all ports o-n Lake Huron and Michigan.] Leave Detroit by Michigan Central road, by Jj> ROUTENOAl.—GANABIAMAmJWESTEBN'. 235 silanti) pleasant small town of Michigan, seat of the State Normal School ; thence (along the Huron Eiyer), to AifK Arbor, handsome large town, on elevated plateau, with fine shade and many handsome build- ' ings; and seat of the University of Michigan, an institution of wide influence, with varied courses, a fine Observatory, etc. Hotel: the Gregory House, By Dexter and Chelsea to Jacksoj?", large and thriving town, with many manufactures, an important coal-trade from mines in the immediate neighborhood, and seat of the Michigan State Prison, [Connections, northward to Lansikg (capital of the State) ; southward to Adrian and Toledo, etc.] From Lansing, by Parma, on the Kalamazoo river; by Albion (seat of Albion College, of the Meth. Epis. Church) ; by Marshall (large paper manufactories, and railway repair- shops) ; to Battle Creek, manufacturing town, especially with extensive flour-mills [connections north to LAjq'Sii^G, and south to South Bend, etc.] ; to Kalamazoo, largest town in the State, after De- troit. It is a thriving manufacturing and commer- cial town, with much shaded beauty and many handsome residences; and the seat of a Baptist College and the State Insane Asylum, Hotels : the ^ Kalamazoo and Burdich. [Connections : northwest to Grand Haven and Lake Michigan ; also to Grand Rapids ; southeastward to Fori Wayne, etc.] From 236 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. Kalamazoo, by Lawton (with extensive iron works) ; Niles, small town of commercial and industrial im- portance on tlie St. Joseph River; Neio Buffalo and Micliigan City (both modern towns, on the immedi- ate shore of Lake Michigan) ; to Chicago. ROUTE NO. 18-NORTH'WESTERN iSEMI-SKELE- TON.) .CHICAGO TO ST. PAUL (mII^N.) AKD FALLS 03? ST. AKTHOiTY; WITH OPTIOi^AL EETUKi^ DOWIT THE MISSISSIPPI OR BY LAKE SUPEEIOE. Leave Chicago by the Chicago, Milwaukie and St Paul Eailroad ; by Waukegan; Kenosha [connection "west to Genoa, Eockford, etc.] ; Racine [connection west to Elhhorn and Freeport]-, to Milwaukie. (Or by Chicago and N. W. Eailroad, or daily steamer on the Lake.) Milwaukie, commercial capital of the State of Wisconsin, one of the largest cities of the northwest, considered very handsome and attractive as a resi- dence, and so healthful in reputation, as to have originated the jest that "people are obliged to go away from Milwaukie, when they wish to die ! '• Ho- tels: the Flank mto7i, Walker, and I^eiuJiaU. [Connec- tions, northwest to Horicon, Fortage City, etc.; southwest to Milton, Janesville, etc.] Leave Milwaukie by the Milwaukie and St. Paul road ; Waiikesha and Palmyra, famed for their min- eral springs and attractive resorts ; by Waterfown [connection north to Horicon^ northwest to Portage City, etc.]; to Madisok, capital of the State, and a very thriving and handsome town, with the Capitol, U^iiversity of Wisconsin, many other local attractions, and the 238 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. notably-beautiful Four Lakes in the immediate neighborhood. [Connections southeast to Chicago, by the Chicago and North-western road ; and to Plymouth, Beloit, etc., by the Madison division of the same road]. Madison, by many minor stations, to Prairie du Chien", important town on the Mis- sissippi river, with a considerable river-trade, many steamboats making stoppage, and prairies in the neighborhood, as the name indicates. By ferry to IIcGregor, small town on the opposite side of the river ; where the route by rail is continued. By Colmar [connection westward to Charles City and the Missouri river] ; to Austin [connection south- ward by the Burlington and Cedar Kapids road, to Cedar Rapids^ Burlington, and the Mississippi] ; to Ramsey [connection west with Southern Minnesota road] ; to Owatona [connection west for ManJcato, St. Peter, etc.] ; by St, Paul and Mendota Junctions [connection southwest to Ma7ilcato,\ etc. ; to St. Paul, capital of Minnesota, and the largest town in the State ; on the Mississippi river, at the virtual head of navigation ; with State Capitol ; State Reform School j St. Joseph's Academy (Catholic) ; a Bridge of great length, over the Mississippi ; Carver's Gave and Fountain Cave in the immediate vicinity, etc. Theatre: the Opera House, Leading Hotel: the Merchants', [Connections: north to Dulutli, ROUTE NO. 1^.— NORTE -WE8TEBN, 23t on Lake Superior ; northwest to SL Cloud ; west to Brechenridge; southwest to St. Petei" and Manlcato; southeast to Milioauhie and Chicago, by route just traversed; also southeast to Red Wmg, and Lake Pepin. Also by steamer to all Mississippi ports, St. Louis and New Orleans.] It is from St. Paul that visit will be paid (short ride by carriage, by Fort Snelling) to the Falls of Minnelialia, very beautiful small fall of the Minnesota river, made famous by Longfellow in the poem of the same name, with the Indian derivation, "Laughing Water." Also_wiil be visited, by rail from St. Paul, the Falls of St. Anthoyiy, and Minneapolis, formerly St. Akthokt, a few miles above. The town is a thriving one, at the actual head of navigation of the Mississippi, with State Universityy and connection by bridge with Minneapolis, The Falls, though with very mean surroundings, are grand, especially in the feature of Eapids, and show to best advan- tage by moo7ilight. From St. Paul descent of the Mississippi may be made, by steamboat, by Red Wing (Minn.) ; La Crosse (Wis.) ; Prairie dii CMen (Wis.) ; DuMque (Iowa) ; Galeim (111.), centre of the lead-trade; Bav- enport (Iowa) ; Roch Island (111.) ; Burlington (Iowa); Nauvoo (111.), original seat of the Mor- mons ; Keohuk (Iowa) ; Hannibal (Mo.) ; Alton (111.), and many other interesting river ports, with stoppages, to St. Louis for the South or return east- ward. 240 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE, Or, northern route may be taken, leaving St. Paul by the T^ake Superior and Mississippi road, to DuLUTH, ne^w but- important town at the extreme southwest point of Lake Superior, with good harbor, heavy lake trade and rapidly increasing prosperity, Hotel : the Clarh House. At Duluth, steamer to be taken (depending on local direction for the most reliable particulars) on Lake Superior, to the Oiito- nagon (Jopper Region, on the south shore of that Lake ; thence to the Marqicette Iron Region, on the same shore; thence to the Pictured RocJcs, also on the same shore. Thence route may be continued, through the Saidt St. Marie (Strait) into Lake Huron, and to Bay City for rail to Detroit; or to Detroit by boat direct ; or to Godericli, foT return by rail through Canada ; or through the St. Clair River and Lake, and the Detroit river, to Lake Erie, for Toledo, Cleveland, Erie, or Bufpalo, on that Lake. [Another popular route from Milwaukie to the North- West is as follows: From Milwaukie, by the Chicago, Milw^aukie and St. Paul Road, by Water- town, Portage, Tomah (connection to Grand Rapids and lumber region), Sparta (noted mineral springs), Winona Junction, over the Mississippi River at La- , crosse, by fine scenery of Upper Mississippi, by Winona, passing Red Wing, to Minneapolis and St. Paul.] ROUTE NO. 19.-CANADIAN. KIAQARA FALLS TO TOEONTO, OTTAWA, MOKTEEAL, QUEBEC, AND THE SAGtrEl?"AY KIYER ; BY gran"d teunk eailwat, akd boat- go:n"kectioks. Division A NIAGAEA FALLS TO TOEOiq-TO AKD OTTAWA. Leave ISTiagara Falls (Suspension Bridge) by Great Western Eailway, by Tliorold, to St. Catliarine^s (see Route JSTo. 17) ; and to Hamilton (also see Route No 17.) From Hamilton, continuing by Toronto branch of Great Western Railway, at near the upper coast of Lake Ontario, by Gahville and other stations, to ToEONTO, most populous city of the Western prov- ince (Ontario), and one of the handsomest in Am- erica, though excelled in size by many. It lies on the Northern shore of Lake Ontario; is well laid out and finely shaded ; and has one thoroughfare, Yonge Street, actually extending northward as an unbroken drive, the whole distance to the foot of LaTce Simcoe, some 35 miles. Among the prominent buildiugs is the Universiti/ of Toronto, a noble structure with lofty tower, and fine park surrounding. Scarcely second is Osgoode Hallj the law-court building, with ^43 8E0RT-TRIP GUIDE. the distinction of not only being one of tlie most tasteful in the world for legal purposes, outside, but one of the most completely and tastefully arranged, within. There are also the Exchange., Provincial Liinatic Asylicin, Trinity College., Normal ScJiooly etc., all worthy of visit Of the many Churches, three have especial prominence: the Vathedral of St. James (Epis.) ; that of. St. Micliael (Catholic) ; and the (new) Wesleyan Church. Prominent Hotels: the Rossin House, and the Queen^s. Those who have abundant leisure, should make the drive before spoken of, to LaTce Simcoe, with wild beauty; those with less time will find drives through some of the main avenues, and along the shore of the Lake, amply repaying them. [Connections by rail, north to Lake Simcoe ; west to Guelph, Berlin, and other towns on the Grand Trunk road. Also, by boat with Niagara Falls, by Lewiston and rail along the Niagara Eiver. Also, by daily boat along Lake Ontario and down the St. Lawrence River to Moi^teeal. Also, to ports on the New York side of the Lake.] From Toronto by the Grand Trunk Eailway ; by Frenchman! s Bay, Bowmanville and other stations, to Port Hope, pleasant little town, on the Lake, with hill suburbs and some lake-trade. [Connection northwestward to Beaver ton, on Lake Simcoe ; and with Lake ports, by boat.] Port Hope to Cdloiirg, important station as well as handsome ROUTE NO. l^.^GANADIAK town, with fair trade, a pleasant residence, and the seat of Victoria College (Wesley an). [Connection northward to Peterhoro and Rice and Salmon Trout Lakes.] Cobourg, by CoThorne (not to be con- founded with " Port Colbourn," on the Great Western road) ; by Trenton (on the little river Trent) ; by Belleville^ pleasant small town on Moira riyer (actual inlet from the Lake) ; by Napanee, Collins' Bay and other stations; to EiKGSTOiT, very old town at the entrance of the St. Lawrence river, and once capital of Canada; with very heavy fortifications, in Fort Henry and several other works; seat of Queen^s College Uni- versity, the Eegiopolis Gatliolic College, Provincial Penitentiary. Hotel : the Britisli American. Cape Vincent, on the ISTew York shore, lies opposite. [Steamer connection from Kingston up the Lake to Toronto, down the Lake to Montreal and other ports. Also, by Rideau Canal, with Ottaiua, From Cape Yincent, by rail to Watertoivn, and thence to Borne and other points on the ISTew York Central road.] From Kingston, by Gananoque and Mallory Toion, to Bkoceville, a town of pleasant location and some commercial importance, on the St. Law- rence river [connection northward to Carleton Place ^ Arnprior, etc.; and from Carleton Place, by Canada Central road, to Ottawa]. Brockvilie to Prescott (Junction), small town, principally of transit importance, also on the St. Lawrence. [Con- 244 8H0BT-TBIP QUJODE. nections, north to Ottawa, as see route to be pur- sued ; east direct to Montreal, continuing by Grand Trunk road ; across the river to Ogdenslurg, on the ISTew York side, whence connection south to the iSTew York Central road and towns on that line, by the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg road, for southward ; or eastward by Ogdensburg and Cham- plain road to Rouse^s Pointy Lake Ohamplain and 8t. Albans for all Eastern States], From Prescott, by St. Lawrence and Ottawa road, through a region comparatively unbroken, but with many features of -beauty in natural scenery, to Ottawa, Capital of the Dominion of Canada. It lies on the Ottawa river, and on the Rideau Canal^ running to Lake Ontario at Kingston. The scenery in the district is somewhat wild and untamed, but very picturesque ; and in the immediate neighbor- hood may be witnessed some of the most extensive operations in the rafting and sawing of lumber and timber, on the whole range of the continent. The Ghaudiere Great Falls (of the Ottawa) lie within the city proper, at the west, are some 200 feet in width by 40 in depth, and have many features of grandeur; while the ZiY^Ze i^rt?^5, handsomer though smaller, lie at the east. The Rideau Falls, at the northeast, and the Remoux and De CJieyne Rapids, some miles above, are all worthy of visit and notice. The feature of Ottawa is of course to be found in the Parliament Houses and government buildings EO UTE WO. l^.—GANADIAK 245 connected. They are of native stone, lately erected, at great cost, and truly magnificent in size, design and arrangement — promising, "when fully completed, with their grounds, to be worthy of the Dominion and command great admiration. The respective Cliamlers of the Senate and House of Commons are of the same size as those at West- minster Palace, and quite as handsomely finished; and there is an immense Library, not yet finished, to be capable of accommodating half a million vol- umes. They stand at the height of an elevation known as " Barrack Hill," forming the apex of the higher ground on which the Upper Town is built, being divided from the Lower Town by the Eideau Canal and its handsome stone bridge. The Queen^s Printing House, near the Parliament Houses, the CatlioUc Cathedral, and other prominent buildings, demand attention. Leading Hotel : the Russell House. [Connection west to Carleton Place and the Brockville road ; and to Prescott, Ogdenshurg, etc., by the route just traversed. Direct railway along the Ottawa river, to Moktkeal, in course of con- struction]. .DivisiQii B. OTTAWA TO AKD AT MONTREAL. Leave Ottawa by mornmg boat on the Ottawa river ; with fine view, soon after leaving, of the Rideau Falls, on the right; and not long afterwards, the entrance of the Gatineait River, tributary of 246 SHORT-TRIP GUIDR the Ottawa, into that river, the largest on the Conti- nent, after the Mississippi and the St. Lawrence, and very picturesque throughout, though with a beauty untamed. Various minor landings are made, before reaching L'OEiGi:tNrAL ; at which point, if time allows, the tourist should lie oyer for one day, to visit the Caledonia Sjorings, nine miles distant, the heal- ing qualities of which have made them very cele- brated, with capacious hotel, and the presence, in summer, of a very large number of the best known people of fashion and condition, in the Dominion. Eeturn to Z' Original, From L'Original, whether with or without hav- ing visited the Springs, the course is pursued by boat, down the Ottawa, to GnEJifviLLE (with Haiuhesbury opposite, with large saw mills) where the boat is left and a land ride of twelve miles taken (the Long SauU Rapids making navigation impossible) ; to OAKiLLOisr, at the lower end of the rapids, where another boat of the line is taken. It is worthy of remark that from Ottawa to this point, the middle of the river has been the dividing line between the two provinces of Ontario (west) and Quebec (east) ; but that here the line leaves the river, striking southward to the St. Lawrence, and the course is taken entirely in that of Quebec. Among the next prominent objects of interest fol- lowing, is the Mountain of Eigaud, looming high nOUTE IsO. l^.-^VANABIAIT. 247 on tlie southern bank, above the rough and wooded shores. Several minor landinsfs are made on this portion of the river, after leaving which it expands into the Lalce of tlie Tiuo MGuntains^ with the two moun- tains giving its name, rising on either side, one of them, Calvary, being held sacred by the Indians, l^ot long after, is reached St. Axk"e's, rendered so celebrated by Moore, in the ^' Canadian Boat Song." At; this point Mont Royals, the height above Montreal, comes into view. The boat is taken through locks, at St. Anne's, to avoid the rapids, coming out into the Lalce St. Louis, in which the Ottawa for the first time joins the St. Lawrence. Landing from tho boat is made at Lachike, where cars of the Grand Trunk Eail- Way are taken to Montreal, the largest and most prosperous city of the British Possessions in ISTorth America ; Me- tropolitan See of the English Church in Canada, and scat of a Catholic Bishopric. It lies on rapidly rising ground, on the island of the same name, with the St. Lawrence immediately in front. Back River forming the sound behind it; and the mountain which gives it name, Mount Eoyal, also rising grandly at the back. There are few and unimpor- tant fortifications, {St. Helenas Lsland being the principal); but the town has usually been garri- soned, being considered the military key of the 248 SEOBT-TEIP GUIDE. Dominion. TliG population of Montreal is won- drously mixed, there "being many streets, in the higher and newer parts of the town, in which the English and Scotch elements entirely predominate, with many of the features of an English city ; while in the older and lower parts of the town, many of the streets are still called "Eues," and the prevailing architecture, language and manner are all French? of not too refined an order. There are now fine quays along the riyer ; costly and elegant residences have rapidly increased in number, stretching back towards Mount lioyal ; and the commercial impor- tance and prosperity of the iN'orthern Metropolis have quite kept pace with its growing luxury. Among other evidences of its prosperity has been the establishment of the fine Allmi line of Steamers to Liverpool and Glasgow, coming to Quebec and Montreal during the open season, and to Portland in the winter. First among the edifices of Montreal, comes the fJatlioliG Cathedral of Notre Dame^ standing on the Place cVArmes, in the centre of the old city, and so large that it is accredited with containing 10,000 people without difiSeulty. It is Gothic in architec- ture, with two tall towers, commanding a magnifi- cent view from the top ; and within, it has many of the features of European churches of the same faith. Clirist Churcli Cathedral (Epis.) and ^S'^. Andreiv's Church (Episcopal) rank next; and the Church of the Jesuits^ with some fine pictures, is EOUTS NO, 1^.— CANADIAN. 249 much visited and admired. Of public, commercial and other buildings may be especially noted the Court House, one of (he best on the continent; the Banlc 0/ ilfo?iif?'ea?, near the Cathedral ; McGill College^ at tli3 foot of Mount Eoyal; Bonsecours Market, on the quay, with large dome and excellent internal arrangements ; St. Patriclc's Hall, Victoria square ; the AWert Buildings, same place ; Doviinion Block, McGill street, etc. There are three Nunneries, always exciting more or less attention among visitors, and to which admission is often granted; the Grmj, (lately removed) ; the Black, Notre Dame street ;■ and the Hotel Dieu. Notre Dame and Great St^ James Streets may be named as the most fashionable promenades; and St. Paul Street as the leading commercial. The principal Cemetery is Mount Roijal, on the mountain of that name, around which, also, is the most fashionable drive of the city. There is a handsome Nelson Monument at the Place Jacques Oartier. Theatre: the Montreal. Leading Hotels* St. Lawrence Hall^ the Ottawa, the Montreal, etc. Many excursions of interest can be made from Montreal, but the most indispensable one is that to Tlie Victoria Bridge over the St. Lawrence, at Point St. Charles, order to inspect which can be obtained from the officers of the Grand Trunk Eail- way, near the entrance. It is one of the immense enterprises of later times, with no less than 23 spans 250 8E0BT-TEIP GUIDE. of 242 feet each, a centre one of 330 feet, and a total length of two miles. It is tubular, on the plan of the great bridge over the Menai Strait, in Wales ; was bnilt by Eobert Stephenson and A. M. Eoss ; and opened by the Prince of Wales during hia American visit, in August, 1860. Another very pleasant excursion, for those reach- ing Montreal by rail, is to take rail to LacMne, and thence return to the city by boat Down the LacMne Rapids, with excellent idea thus obtained of that feature of the St. Lawrence. [Connections fioin Montreal : westward to Otta- wa, by the route just traversed ; eastward to Que- bec, by the Grand Trunk road (from St. Lambert) ; southward to Bouse^s Point, and thence to all points in the Eastern and Middle United States, (from La Prairie). Westward by steamer on the St. Law- rence and Lake Ontario, to Toronto and leading Lake ports ; eastward by steamer on the St. Law- rence, to Quebec and the farther East. By Allan line of sea-steamers to Halifax, Liverpool and Glasgow,] Division C, MONTEEAI/ to AKD at QUEBEC, WITH EXCURSIOI^S Leave Montreal (from Bonaventure Station), bji train on the Grand Trunk Eailway; across the Victoria Bridge at Point St. Charles ; by St. Lani' bert, St. Hyacinthe, and other stations, to ROUTE NO. 1^.— CANADIAN. 251 EiCHHOKD, important railway station and point of intersection. [Connection, south-eastward, by Portland Division of the Grand Trunk road, to. Island Pond', and thence to Gorham for the White Mountains and southward, or to Portland and connections for Boston and the east.] From Eichmond, by the Quebec branch of the Grand Trunk road; by Aethabasca [connection northward, by Bulstrodey to St. Gregoire, on the St. LaV/rence river, and Three Rivers (Canada)]; by Blade River and other stations, to Point Levi [continuatioa of line eastward, to Riviere dio Loupl. From Point Levi, ferry across the St. Lawrence, to Quebec, metropolis of the Province of the same name ; important military station, w^ith very strong fortifications; and with as important historical interest as any city on the American continent. It [ies on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, with ex- ceedingly picturesque location, being divided into the Upper and Lower Towns, with the very strong fortifications of the Upper Town crowning the whole ; and the Citadel of Cai^e Diamond, being considered Qext in strength in the world to Gibraltar and Ehrenbreitstein. From the city proper, the suburbs of St. Iloch and St. John extend along the river St. Charles to the Plains of Ahraliam, on the Heights of the same name, rendered ever-memorable by the battle fought there between the English Gen. Wolfe and the French General Montcalm, in 1759, with S53 SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE. tlie deatli of both the commanders, but the total de- feat of the French, and the final capture of Quebec and destruction of the French power in the prov- ince. The spot where Wolfe fell, near an old re- doubt at the highest point, is pointed out to tourists, who have even a more singular interest in seeing the skull of Montcalm, exhumed not many years ago, now preserved in the Ursuline Convent. The joint Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm is .to be found in the PuUic Garden^ on Des Carrieres street. At the foot of the Citadel is a tower, where the Am- erican General Montgomery fell in the assault on Quebec, in 1775. Ascent from the Lower to the Upper Town is made by a very steep and winding street, through the Prescott Gate, by which also the fortifications may be reached on the St. Lawrence side. The Plains may be entered by the 8t. Louis Gate, nearly opposite. The View from the Citadel, over the city, the St. Lawrence and the opposite shore, is a truly magnificent one and not to be omit- ted by any one with an eye to the picturesque. Among the most notable Buildings of Quebec, may be named the Parliament House (rebuilt when the city was still expected to remain the Capital) ; the very la.Tge Artillery BarracJcs ; the immense and fine Roman Catholic Cathedral ; the Ursuline Con vent and Church, with attractive gardens ; the En glish Cathedral (modern and noble); St. Andrezu^s Church J the very old church of JVotre Dame des Victoires, in the Lower Town; as also, in the Lower ROUm NO. Id.—CAWAJDIAN, 253 Town, tlie Exchange, Custom House, Marine Hos- pital, Post Office, and many of the most extensive commercial establisliments. It is worthy of remark that Quebec, even more than Montreal, has a large French admixture, and that in some of the quarters many of the lower Parisian dwellings and habits may be seen duplicated. Among the principal streets are St. Louis j D^Aiito-uil (near the Espla- nade, with many fine residences) ; St. Louis Road (from the Gate of the same name); St. Peter (Lower Town) — commercial. Principal Cemetery: Mt. Hermon, elevated and handsome. Leading Hotels : the St. Loins and Russell House. [Connections: south westward to Richmond and MO]S"TREAL, by route just traversed; southward b^' the same route, by Richmond, to Island Pond^ PoRTLAJ^D, the White Mountains, etc. ; eastward to the Riviere du Loup. Also, by boat on the St. Lawrence, to Mokteeal, etc.] Of short Excursions from Quebec, the most im- portant are those to the Falls of Moktmorekci, noble broken cascade, with fine surrounding scenery, reached in drive from the city, through Beaupori (seat of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum) j to Lor cite, a famous Indian Village, very popular for tourists, and with a world of Indian goods for sale ; to Ca2)e Rouge (" Carouge "), with fine river scenery ; to the River and Falls of the Ghaudiere, below the city (by Point Levi) ; to Lalce St. CJiarles, with fine scenery and good angling. Something longer is that to the 254 SEOBT'TBIP GUIDE, Falls of St. Anne, which may, however, be taken in connection with those of Montmorenci, Division D, QUEBEC TO EIVIEEE DU LOUP AKD THE SAGUEKAY KIYER. Leaye Quebec by rail, by Point Levi, along tlie south shore of the St. Lawrence, by Chaudiere Junction, St. Thomas^ Ulslet and other stations, to Riviere dii Loup. Or, better, if time will allow the additional day: Leave Quebec by one of the steamers of the Cana- dian ISTavigation Company (usual trips twice a week : timely reference on this point to be made at the hotel of stoppage, at Quebec.) Eirst object of inter- est, the large Island of Orleans, in the St. Law- rence immediately below the city, with consid( rable prosperity. The Falls of St. Anne (before referred to), and Lahe St. Charles, celebrated for fine f rout- fishing, are both passed, at some miles below, tl: ough of course not visible from the boat. The first land* ing is made at MuREAT Bay, on the north shore, pleasan b vil- lage and attractive watering-place, much resorij-Dd to by Canadian families, and with good accomodc'don. Going on by steamer, an hour and a half latrr is readied EiviERE DU Loup, on the southern side of thQ now rap idly- widening St. Lawrence — terminus of ROUTE NO. l^.-^CANADIAN. 255 the easternmost branch of the Grand Trunk road. [Connection by rail, southwest to Clicmdiere Jtmc- tio7i, for Quebec; or thence to Richmond, for MOKTKEAL, or south to Isla7ld POJld for POETLAIfD or the White Mountains]. [From Riviere du Loup, visit is paid, by stage, to the favorite watering- place of Cacouna, with fine bathing, fishing, and mucli fashionable resort.] Leaving Riviere du Loup, again by steamer, the St. Lawrence is recrossed, to the entrance of the Sagueijay Rivee, with scenery of such grand and stupendous wildness as is seldom encountered on either continent ; the almost perpendicular cliffs at many points, and the great height of the border- ing hills, combining with the darkness of the water, the frequent waterfalls, and the general aspect of wild desolation, to awe as well as enrapture. At very near the entrance of the river is passed the very old village of Tadoussac; and not long after, the little cove containing a fishing station, called L'Ance a VEau, The next points of interest reached,, are the two frightful over-hanging cliff- mountains. Cape Eternity and Ca2)e Trinity, be- neath which, from the apprehension that they may fall at any moment, the tourist has no wish to re- main for any long period, while the water seems black as ink, from the shadows. Statue Point and the Tableau are other points of special interest, ap- g56 BEOBT-TBIP GUIDE, proaching Ha Ha Bay, a beautiful village, amid softened scenery, where the route terminates. Eeturn by steamer to Riviere die Loup, whence rail to Quebec, or to Cliaudiere Junction forpro- eeeding southward. ROUTE NO. 20-GAtUDIAN. NIAGARA PALLS TO TOEONTO, MOKTEEAL AIN"!]* QUEBEC, BY STEAMEES ; WITH DIEEC- TlOl!^ TO OTHEE CITIES OF BEITISH POSSESSIONS. ' Leave Niagara Falls (Suspension Bridge), by train to Letuiston, small town on the American shore of the Niagara Eiver (Queenston, larger town, on the Canadian side, opposite, with monu- ment to the British G-eneral Brock, killed there in battle in 1812). At Lewist'on take Toronto boat (twice daily), on the Niagara river, with stop at NiAGAEA (Village), place of embarkation for other passengers from Falls by rail on the American side. Immediately below Niagara are passed Fori Niagara, on American side, and Fort Massasauga, on Canadian. Soon after, passing from the Rivei into Lake Ontario, with short sail to Toeonto (See Route No 19). At Toronto take Royal Mail steamer for Montreal (every day, in connection with boat and train). Several hours' sail along the Lake, with shore-views, principally north — to Kingston. (See Route No. 19). (Or, leave Niagara by rail, as in Route No. 19, to 258 SEOBT-TBIP GUIDE. Hamilton, Toeokto and Kingston, first taking boat here, at very early morning or afternoon). . At Kingston the Lake narrows to become virtu- ally the St. Lawrence Eiver, though, still very wide, and called the '' Lake of the Thousand Islands/^ as containing the celebrated TJiousand Islands, said to number nearly twice as many, and certainly studding the stream very thick- ly, in rough-tree-crowned, wild and picturesque beauty — there really seeming, at times, to be diffi- culty in finding passage between them. Leaving the Lake of the Thousand Islands, en- tering the St. Lawrence proper, passing Ogdenslurg on the American side, and Prescott, on the Cana- dian (connection to Ottawa — see Koute No. 19),-^ are soon entered the Rapids of the St. Lawrence, among the most ex tended and notable to be found in any river on tho globe, and some of them startling to the inexpe- rienced who mark the rapid rush of the water and the sharp inclination of the boat, at the worst mo- ments; though the amount of danger involved, with good boats and the inevitable skilful pilot- age, must be almost nothing, as accidents are liter- ally unheard of. The difierent Eapids follow each other in the succession named : the Gallopes (4) ; the Plate ; the Be]}leau ; the Long Bault ; the Coteau ; the Cedars (considered by many the finest ) ; the Cascades; and the Ladiinc (shortest of all, but more sensational than any of the others). Im- ROXITEN'O.20.—GANADIAK 259 mediately after passing the Lachine, is in sight, and soon after reached, Montreal. (See Koute I^o. 19). From Montreal (eyery eyening) by boats of the Richelieu Company, making the whole passage dur- ing the night (little interesting scenery offering), and landing in the morning at Quebec. (See Route Ko. 19 ; as also for excur- eion to Riyiere du Loup and the Saguenay Riyer). SKELETON S0UTE3 TO OTHEIi TOTTXS OF BRITISH POSSESSIONS. IIalipax, Capital of ISToya Scotia. Reached by steamers of the Allan line, from Montreal or Port- land ; or by packet-steamer or rail from Portland ; or from St. John, K B., by steamer to Windsor, N". S., and rail thence to Halifax. Hotels : the Waverley, Stewarfs, Halifax, and International, St. JoHiT, !N"ew Brunswick. From Boston, by steamer, or from Portland by rail. From Halifax by rail and steamer, by Windsor, N. S. Hotels : Wav- erley and Stut'6s\ Frederictox, Capital of ISTew Brunswick. From Boston, by steamer to St. John's, and rail, or rail from Portland. Wiis'DSOii, ISToya Scotia. By rail from Halifax. SiDKEY, Cape Breton. By boat from Halifax. | Shediac, I'Tew Brunswick. By rail from St. John,' N. B. ; also by steamer from Quebec. Charlotte Towiq-, Prince Edward's Island. By 260 BnORTTRlP GUIDE. rail from St Jolin, IST. B., to Shediac, IT. B. ; tlience . boat. PiCTOU, Nova Scotia. By rail from St. John, ,N". B., to Sliediac, !N". B. ; thence boat. Bathuest, Kew Brunswick. By boat from She- diac ; also trom Quebec. ROUTE NO. 21. FAR-WESTERN iSEMhSKELETON.) CHICAGO TO OMAHA, SALT LAKE CITY, SAK FRAl^- CISCO, BIG TREES AHD YO-SEMITE VALLEY, Division A, CHICAaO TO OMAHA, BY OPTIOlfAL KOUTES. By Chicago and North- Western road. Leave Chicago By Chicago and North-Western road, to Junction [connection north-westward to Madi- sok; westward to Dunleith and Dubuque]. Junc- tion, by Geneva and other stations, to Dixon [connection northward to Freeport; south- ward to Bloomington, Sprikgfield, Alton and St, Louis j. By other stations to Sterling [connection south-westward to Rock . Island] ; to CLiNTOJf, on the Mississippi Eiver, entering the Stat« of Iowa [river connections north and south. Connections to Dubuque, McGregor, Prairie du Chien and Lacrosse]. Clinton, by various stations, to • Cedar Rapids, railway centre on the Cedar Eiver. [Connections, northeast to Dubuque ; north to Waterho^ Austin and St. Paul; south to Bur- lington and Keohulc\. Cedar Rapids, by various other stations, to 2G3 8H0BT-TBIP GUIDE. Marshall, [connections northward to Mason City, Austin and St. Paul ; sontliward to Ottumwa, Keo- huh, &c.] J to Boone, thriving town and coal centre^ to GRAi;rD JuKCTioK [connection north to Fori Dodcje]. Grand Junction, by many other stations, through the Valley of the Des Moines, to MissouEi Valley Junctiok. [Minor connec- tions north to 6'^ow^ City; westward by California Junction, across the Missouri Eiver to Fremont and the Union Pacific road, for California and the Pa- cific coast]. By other stations to OouKCiL Bluffs, on the eastern side of the Mis- souri Eiver. [Connections north to Sioux City, &c. .; south to Nebraska City (by branch), LiKCOLiir, Capital of Nebraska, St. Joseph, on the Missouri Eiver, &c]. From Council Bluffs, bridge-transfer (railroad), to Omaha. By Chicago and Roch Island road. Leave Chicago by the Chicago and Eock Island road; by Englewood [connections eastward to all cities on the Michigan Southern and Lake Shore ■roads; southeastward to Fort Wayne, Pittslurg, &c.]. By other stations to JoLiET, large town on the Des Moines Eiver, with State Penitentiar}^, extensive stone-quarries^ &c. [Connections, eastward to Michigan Southern and Lake Shore roads ; southwestward to Blooming- ROUTE im. ^1.— far-western: 263 ion and Springfield; also by Canal with Chicago]. By other stations to La Salle, flourishing town and coal centre on the Illinois river. [Connections, north to Mendoia and Freeport, south to Bloomi7igton and Spriin'G- FiELD, by Illinois Central road ; also by steamer to St. Louis]. La Salle, by Bureau [connection south- ward to Peoria] ; by Pond Creekj and other minor stations to Rock Island, important town on the Mississippi, _ with extensive manufactures and river trade. [Con- nections northeast to Freeport^ etc. ; southeast to Peoria; south to Alton and St. Louis; also by steamboat to St. Louis]. Erom Eock Island, by bridge over the Mississippi, to Davejtport (Iowa), large town on the western bank of that river, with water-power, manufactures, Grisiuold and other Colleges, an Opera House, etc. [Connections, substantially same as Sock Island]. Davenport to WUton [connection southwestward to Muscatine, Washington, and the Kansas Pacific road]; to Moscoiu [connection, by Ashland, wi^h Des Moines Valley road] ; to West Lilerty [connection south to Buklii^gtok" ; north to Cedar Rapids, etc.] ; to loica City, on the Iowa river, formerly capital of the State, and now with State University, manu- factures, etc. By other stations to Grituull, seat of iowa College [connections north to Mason City, gG4 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. etc.; south to Ottumwa, etc.] By other Btatioas to Des Moikes, capital of the State of Iowa, thriv- ing mannfactiiring town and coal centre, at th© confluence of Des Moines and Raccoon rivers, with magnificent State House in conrse of erection. [Con- nections, northwest to Fort Dodge and Sioux City ; southeast to Ottuimua, Keohuh, etc. J Des Moines^ by Dexter, Casey j Atlantic, and other stations, to Council Bluffs and Omaha. (See Chicago and Northwestern route over the same distance, imme- diately preceding.) By Cliicago, Burlington and Quincy road. Leave Ohicj^go by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy road, by Aurora, on Fox river j by Mendota^ agricultural and manufacturing town, seat of Men- dota College, and of a Wesleyan Seminary [connec- tion south to Bloomington, etc., north to Freeport, etc., by the Illinois Central road] ; by Princeton, Galva ; by Galeslurg, seat of Knox and Lombard Colleges [connection south-eastward to Peofia, etc.]; by Monmouth, to BuKLiKGTOK, on the Mississippi river, one of the largest and most important towns of Iowa, with fine river scenery, extensive commerce, by river and other- wise, seat of Burlington University (Baptist), and a great railway centre, [Connections very general; principally by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy road and its branches ; and Mississippi river may be ROUTE No. ^X.—FAR WESTERN. 26S ascended to Roch Island., Duluque, etc., or descended to St. Louis, etc.] From Burlington by the Iowa Division C. B. & Q. road, by the important stations of Ottumiua [con- nections north to Cedar Rapids, southward and east- ward to St. Louis, etc.] ; Chariton, Osceola, Creston, Red Oah, Pacific Junction, etc., to CouiNTCiL Bluffs and Omaha. (See Chicago and North Western route.) Division B, '^MAHA TO OGDE:!^, SALT LAKE CITY, AND 8AJT FRAKCISCO. Omaha, Nebraska, on the western side of the Missouri river, opposite Council Bluffs, well located, and unprecedentedly rapid in growth, though de- riving its principal importance from the great Pacific transit through it, and the commercial supply of a wide section, making it the central point between Chicago and San Francisco. Communication with Council Bluffs by ferry boat, and by the magnificent iron bridge now crossing the Missouri. [Connec- tions : (besides the routes just traversed) south-east to Ottumwa, Keohuk, Burlington & St. Louis by the Chic, B. & Q. road ; north to California Junction and Sioux City ; south to St. Joseph, Kansas City, and ToPEKA, capital of the State of Kansas ; &c.] [Before proceeding westward from Omaha, on the great Pacific Eoute, a few observations are worthy of 2C6 8H0RT-TBIP GUIDE. notice. First, no apprehensions of the length of the road need be entertained, as to anything more than easily-endurable fatigue — the road, through- out, from Omaha to the Pacific, being thoroughly well laid, a large proportion of it straight and level, and the moderate rate of speed making the motion smooth and easy, so that reading, writing, card- playing, conyersation or eating (if lunch is carried), are all practicable and easy throughout. Second, to secure the full charm of the route, berths in the Pullman Sleeping Carriages, advisable elsewhere, are almost indispensable for the night-and-day travel on the Union Pacific road, as are the Silver Palace Oars of the same character correspondingly necessary beyond Ogden, on the Central Pacific road» The cost of using these coaches, with freer room and greater privileges by day and comfortable sleeping-accommodations by night, will be found but a trifle added to the price of tickets (only $8.00, Omaha to Ogden ; 16.00, Ogden to the Pacific) ; and no wiser additional outlay can be made, as no more complete luxury can be found in any line of travel. TJiird, the trains stop at convenient stations for meals, which will be found good enough for all practical purposes, and many excellent ; though parties of several persons will probably add to their comfort by taking lunch-baskets, prepared food, and what drinks they may prefer, and having tables set for them in the cars, at leisure, by the stewards or porters. Foxirtli, at some portions of the long nde ROUTE No. 21.— FAB WESTEBN. 267 tbere is always dust, and linen or other dusters (wraps) are indispensable; while the same stout clothing needed nearly all the year at San Francisco and ether places on the immediate Pacific coast, is often found pleasant at that point of the route which crosses the Eocky Mountains. Fifth, to the intel- ligent and observing, the ride is by no means monot- onous, at least on the first crossing — the infinite variety of scenery making such monotony impos- sible. The first few hours from Omaha show the Prairies, in perfection, with an absolute level, fer- tility, though without wood, the Platte river on the left, and a sea of living green; the second day changes the prairies to the Plains, with less fertility, some blufis, and low river scenery; while, also on the second day, the snow-crested Rocky Mountains are seen, the route of travel roughens, and the mountains themselves are crossed ; to these succeed the High Plains of Laramie ; then the Desert, with rocky bluffs ; then the Wahsatch Mountains, gener- ally snow-crowned, and the grand scenery of Echo and Weber Canons, penetrating through them, to Ogden (with its detour of Salt Lake City). Beyond Ogden occurs, first^ grand scenery on the left, of the Wahsatch, the Great Salt Lake, etc.; then succeed the Great American Desert, with its characteristics of desolation indicated by the name — the Valley of the Humboldt, with some approach to fertility — followed by the Great Nevada Sandy Desert, more desolate than any preceding, but curious in its SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. bluffs and rock-formations. Then follow the noble and wild scenery of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, nearly always snow-crowned, the tremendous passes over and around the summits of those mountains, with nearly forty miles of snow-shedS;, views of the ^reat gold-mining sections and operations, the thril- ling descent of the Sierras, to the English-looking and fertile plains of California.] The following table shows all the stations between Omaha and San Francisco, on both the Union and Central Pacific roads, with the distances from Omaha, and the altitudes of all points above sea- level. Those in capitals are the more important stations; and in notes following, and marked by reference letters (a, d, c, etc.) will be found some of the notable features of the route, the connections, etc. General eating-stations are designated, in the notes, by the initials " G. E. S." Distances from OMAHA. STATIONS. 1 OMAHA DEPOT 966 4 ..... Summit Siding 1142 10 Gilmore a 976 15 Papillon . » 973 29 Eikhorn b 1150 35 Valley 1130 47 , . . , Fremont c o 1176 54 Ketclium 1270 63 North Bend d 1359 69 Rogers 135^ ROUTE NO. 21.^FAB WESTERN. 269 Distances from OMAHA. STATIONS. i .2 t o 76 Schuyler 1335 84 Richland 1440 93 Columbus e 1432 99 Jackson 1470 109 Silver Creek 1534 121 Clark's 1610 182 Lone Tree 1686 142 Chapman's 1760 148 Lockwood 1800 154 . GRAND ISLAND e\ 1850 162 Alda 1907 172 Wood River 1974 183 2046 191 Kearney f , 2106 201 2170 212 Elm Creek 2241 221 2305 230 240 Plum Creek g 2370 2440 250 Willow Island 2511 260 2570 268 •. . Brady Island * 2637 278 2695 285 Gannett 2752 291 NORTH PLATTE i 2789 299 Nichols 2883 808 2976 815 i Dexter 3000 822 Alkali 3038 332 Roscoe 3105 842 3190 851 Brule 3266 361 3325 869 Barton 3421 877 3500 387 Chappel 3702 897 3800 408 ^ Colton 4023 270 SHOUT-TRIP G UIBK OQ . « O 414 423 433 443 451 463 473 484 496 508 516 523 531 536 543 649 558 564 570 573 581 587 602 606 638 645 656 662 669 675 680 688 690 704 709 716 723 730 STATIONS. .....SIDNEY k... Brownson . . . ....... Potter Bennett .Antelope Buslmell. . . . .Pine Bluffs, W. T. Egbert .. . . Hillsdale m. . . Archer ...CHEYENNE n. Hazard .... Otto . . . Granite Canon . Bnford Sherman o . , . Harney Red Buttes . . . Fort Saunders. ....LARAMIE i).. Howell Wyoming . . . . . . Cooper's Lake. . , Lookout Como . . . Medicine Bow . Carbon q ...... Simpson ... . . ..Percy r Dana St. Mary's s. .. Walcott .... Fort Steele . . — Grennville . . . . ...RAWLINS... Summit . . . . Separation . . . , Fillmore .... ROUTE NO. 21.— FAB WESTERN. 271 Dietances 1 from 1 OMAHA. STATIONS. § 737 , Creston t . . t 7030 744 Latham ^ 6900 753 Wash-a-kie 6697 761 Red Desert 6710 775 , Table Rock 6890 785 Bitter Creek 6685 794 Black Buttes. 6600 798 Hallville 6590 805 „ . .Point of Rocks 6490 817 Salt Wells 6360 825 Baxter 6300 831 Rock Springs 6380 839 Lawrence 6300 845 6140 858 Bryan '»..... 6340 867 Marston 6345 876 Grrano-er , 6370 887 OhuTch Buttes w 6317 896 Hampton - 6500 904 ..Carter x. 6550 913 „ Bridger 6780 928 Leroy 7133 937 Piedmont ... ..^. 6540 944 Aspen 7835 950 Millis 6790 614 Miser 6810 623 Rod?; Creek 6690 630 Wilcox. 7033 957 EYANSTON, Utah y... 6870 986 Wahsatch 6879 975 Castle Rock s 6290 983 Hanging Rock 5974 991 "Echo 5315 999 Weber Quarry 5350 1007 Weber. .* , 5130 1015 Peterson 4963 1019 Devil's Gate 4870 1024 .Uintah 4560 372 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. DlBtances from OMAHA. STATIONS. g 1 o 3 1032 OGDEN aa 4340 1040 Bonn eville 4310 1055 Corinne bb 4294 1073 Blue Creek 4360 1084 Promontory cc 4943 1092 Rozel 4600 1105 Monument dd. 4290 1123 Kelton ee 4500 1139 Matlin 4821 1153 Terrace. «■ 4450 1178 Lucin 4400 1187 Tecoma, Nevada 4600 1197 4800 1206 Lorav 5409 1215 TOANO ff. 5964 1227 Pequop , . 6180 1236 6U5 1251 , Wells ciQ 5650 1259 5418 1283 Halleck 5220 1297 . , .., Osino lih 5100 1307 Elko a 5030 1319 Moleen 5000 1330 CAELINi? 4930 1339 4870 1358 Be-o-wa-we 4717 1368 4665 1379 Arajenta klc ^ . 4575 1391 4534 1410 Stone House ^ 4449 1434 Golconda 4419 1451 WINNEMUCCA 11 4355 1472 Raspberry 4354 1492 Humboldt Tnm 4262 1514 'Oreana 4206 1525 , Lovelock's 4100 1541 Brown's 3955 1553 White Plains , 3921 / BOUTE NO. 21.— FAB WESTEBN. 273 DistanccB from OMAilA. STATIONS. a 1 1568 Hot Springs 4098 1587 WADSWORTH nn 4104 1602 Clark's 4290 1614 Yista 4400 1623 »..- Reno 00. ♦. . . . 4525 1633 Verdi, California pp. 4915 1648 , . . .Boca 5560 1657 TRUCKEE qq 6866 imi 1684 Summit rr. 7042 Cisco 5911 1692 Emigrant Gap ss 5309 1697 ;. .Blue Canon 4700 1706 Alta 8625 1709 Dutch Flat • 8425 1711 Gold Run tt 3245 1722 . . , .Colfax uu 3448 1740 Auburn 1385 1745 Newcastle 920 1754 Rocklin 269 1758 Junction uu^ 189 1768 Arcade 7G 1776 . . SACRAMENTO w 56 1803 Gait 73 1824 Stockton WW 46 1834 .Lathrop xx 48 1867 ....... . Livprmore 520 1893 Niles 148 1914 San Jose yy 114 3909 Oakland zz 1914 SAN FRA.NCISCO NOTES. a. G-ilmore, entrance of the Pa]-)illon Valley. b. Elkharn, entrance of the Platte Valley, and crossing of the Elkhorn river. c. Fremont, connection with the Chicago and North- Western road, by California Junction. G. E. S. .;^7i SEOBT^TBIP G VIDE. d. North S'^Tirf, with first views of the Platte river on t!-e e. Columbus^ with bridge across the Platte, and railroad crossing the Lonp Fork near. ef . Grand Island^ important station. G. E. S. f. Keariwy, supply station for Fort Kearney, in the im- mediate neighborhood. g. Plum Oreek^ scene of the Plum Creek Massacre of rail- road employees, 1868. h. McPJierson, supply station for Fort McPherson on the ^opposite side of the river. i. North Platte^ with extensive machine-shop of the rail- way company. j. JuUsburg, with Port Sedgwick near — ^^the place having some activity and the reputation of being the wickedest in the world, during th€ railway building, but now stripped and in decay. ' k. Sidney, important station, with railway repair-shops^ and Sidney Barracks, militar}^ station, adjoining, G. E. S. 1. Pine Bluffs^ with singular rock scenery in the neigh- borhood. m. Hillsdale, with first views, near, of tlie Black HillSi the snow-crowned peaks of the Kocky ^lountains ; and Pike's Peak, Loug's and Spanish Peaks, of the Colorado Mountains, (jften visible at the south-west, at the incredible distance of 170 miles. n. CHBYENisrE, principal station between Omaha and •Ogden, with railway shops. Point of connection, by the Denver Pacific road, with Denver ; and thence, by the Kan- sas Pacific road, with Topelca, Lawrence and other Kansas towns, and St. Lours. Also, by the road to Denver, and stages thence, with Central City, Golden City, Pikers Peak, and other mountain and mining centres of Colorado. Also, central military station of the Plains. G. E. S. o. /S/;6!rm<2w, highest point of the railway over the Rocky Mountains, and also highest railway-station in the world, With altitude of 8,242 feet. p. Laramie, Important station, with railway machine- shops, near the North Park on the south and the Black Hills on the north, and very favorable for residence and mountain rambles. G. E. S. q. (7arJ6>n, with coal mines in the neighborhood. . • r. Percy, with fine views of Elk Mountain. ■ s. 8t. MaQ:y''s, with wild and rugged scenery in the vic>?*'" xtv, and a crossing of the Laramie river. BOUTS! No. 21.— FjIH WESTERN. 275 t. Creston, at tlie summit of the dividing-ridge of tlie continent, though really lower than Sherman. u. Green Biver, thriving village, fording-place of the old Overland Stage line, and with fine views of the Uintah Mountains at the south, and the Wind River Mountains at the north. G. E. S. V. Bryan, important station, and point of connection, by stage, with the Sweet Water mining region and the once popular South Pass of the Overland emigration. w. Ghurch Buttes^ with singular rock formations in the neighborhood, giving it the name; and the chief place of supply of the celebrated moss-agates of the section. X. Carter, supply station for Fort Bridger, near.^ y. Evanston, new but thriving tovi,Ti of Utah, with repu° tation for supplying the alkali bread, of peculiar excellence; and the point at which, when available, the open " observa- tion car" is attached to the westward-bound train, for favor- able views of the snow-crowned Wahsatch mountains, and through Echo and Weber Canons. G. E. S. z. Castle Bock, entrance to the grand rock scenery of Echo Canon, and of Weber Canon, following, with Pulpit Hock, the Thousand Mile Tree, the Devil's Gate, Devil's Slide, and other notable features of one of the most remark- able passes 6n the continent. • aa. Ogden, termination of the Union Pacific road, and commencement of the Central Pacific ; Mormon town of some prosperity, and with grand scenery at the north, in in Ogdeu and other Canons. Also, point of departure, by the Utah Central railroad, for Salt Lake City (see that detour, Division D, following), and for northern points by the Utah. Northern road. G. E. S. bb. Corinne, important station near the Great Salt Lake, with stage connection to the Lake, and by boat to Salt Lake City; also stage connection to Virginia^ Helena, and other mountain and mining towns of Kevada and Montana, cc. Froniontory — Promontory Point, so called from strange rock protuberances near it ; the spot where the " last spike" of the c :mnecting roads was driven on the 10th May, 1809, and where the connection of the two roads was expected to be made, until transferred to Ogden by Act of Congress. 6.6.. Manument, commencement of the Great American Desert. ee. Kelton, with connection by stage to Boise Citj'', Rocky Bar, and other mining sections in Idaho, and thence to citie? of Oregon. - 27C SMOMT-TMIF OVIDE. ff. Tonno, important station, at near the entrance to tlie Humboldt Valley. G. E. S. gg. Wells, with the Humboldt Wells and their fertile oases in the neighborhood, and point of stage departure for Pioehe, Nevada, and northern mines. hh. Osino, western termination of the Humboldt Valley. ii. Elko, important station and thriving town of Nevada, with stage and wagon connections to White Pine, Wyoming, Cape District, and other mining districts. jj. Garlin, another important station, and rival of Elko. G. E. a jj*. Palisade, connection with Eureka and Palisade R. R.,. and with stage for White Pine district. kk. Argenta, with stage connections to Austin and Bel- mont, and distributing trade to Reese river and White Pine mining districts. kk. Battle Mountain. G. E. S. Stage for Austin City, Nevada. 11. Winnemucca, with railwjiy shops and mining trade and stage connection to Boise City, Paradise, Silver City, etc. Also, virtual commencement of the Great Nevada Sandy Desert. mm. Huiriboldt, with bridge crossing of the Humboldt river, and Sink of the Humboldt visible at the l^ft. G. E. S. nn Wadsworth, western termination of the Great Nevada Desert, and commencemeut of ascent of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Also, withextensive workshops, and with Pyra- mid Lake at some twenty miles due northward. oo. Reno, important station, on the Truckee river, andi great mining center of supplies and transportation, with Virginia & Truckee R. R., to Carson City, Virginia City, Gold Hill, Washoe, etc. pp. Verdi, point of entering California. qq. Truckee, thriving town, with numerous saw mills and many characteristics- of the early California towns. Point of detour from the railway, by stage to Lake Tahoe^ 15 miles southward (see Division E), and to Lake Lonner, at a short distance northward. Has fine mountain scenery in the neighborhood, and thence westward up the Sierra, though with many interruptions from the snow-sheds. Not far westward from Truckee are caught noble views of Lake Donner, lying far below, to the right. rr. Summit, highest point of the railway over the Sierra Nevada, almost alway.s with much snow in the neighbor- liood, and surrounded by snow sheds. G. E. S. ss. Emigrant Gap, at and beyond which may be said to commence the grand scenery of the descent of the Sierras, BOUTE N0.21.—FAB WESTERN, TiQa of wliicli tlie two most striking points are the great Ameri- can Canon, and Cape Horn. tt. Gold Bun, in tlie. neigliborliood of •wliicli, from the road, may be surveyed many of the effects and some of the processes of hydraulic gold-mining in California. uu. CW/aa;, important station, and point at which ceases the very steep descent of the Sierras. G. E. S. uu*. Junction, connection with Oregon Division for Marys- ville, Chico, Red Bluff, and Redding. vv. Sacramento, capital of California, lying on the Sa- cramento river, with a very handsome Capitol not yet fin- ished, a large amoujit of trade by river and otherwise, the Yolo Bridge over the river, Central Pacific Railway Works, and many attractions as a residence. [Steamboat commu- nication down the Sacramento river, by Amador, Benicia, Vallejo, etc., supplying very pleasant transit to San Fran- CISCO.] Connection with California Pacific R. R. Gr. E. S. WW. Stockton, large town of the San Joaquin Valley, at the head of navigation on the San Joaquin river, mining emporium, wheat-center, and one of the points of departure tor the Big Trees of Calaveras, the Yo Semite Valley, etc. , Stockton & Copperopolis, and Stockton & Visalia R. R's., for Milton and Oak Dale. XX. Lathrop, thriving town of San Joaquin Valley, point of junction of the Visalia Division of the C. P. R. R., and another of the favorite points of departure for the Yo Semite. G. E. S. yy. Niles, connection by branch rail to San Jose, pleasant town south-east of San Francisco, thence to the latter city by all -rail. zz. Oaldand, thriving town and favorite residence, cele- brated for its growth of live oaks, and as being the site of the University of California. Terminus of the Central Pacific road, whence ferry to San Francisco. Division G. SA2T FEAKCISCO, WITH SHORT EXCURSIONS. San Feancisco, called the "Metropolis of the Pacific," as well as the " Golden City," lies on the western side of the Bay of the same name, with entrance to the Pacific Ocean through the " Golden Gate." It is immense in trade and wealth, with 2?G6 smnT-mip axriDK singularly varied and sometimes-trying climate, and a dashing enterprise unparalleled elsewhere. Cali^ fornia, Montgomery, Clay, Bush, Washington, Kear^ 7iey, Stockton and Vupont, are among the principal streets ; and Market street divides them between north and south, as in Philadelphia. Montgomery Avenue, recently opened, supplies one of the finest thoroughfares through the city. Teleyrojyh Hill, at the northern side, gives a splendid view of the city and harbor, and many of the distant mountains. Among the leading Public Buildings are the TJ. S. Mint, new and magnificent, at Mission and Fifth streets; the Custom House (with Post Office), Mer- chants' Exchange, California street ; Nevada Bank ; Safe Deposite Company's Building, &c. ; New City Hall (building, Yerba Buena Park); TJ. S. Marine Hosiyital, Mission street ; Boman Catholic Orphan Asylum, Market street; St. Ignatius College, Market street, etc. Prominent Churches: Grace Church (Epis.); Bev. Dr. Stone's; St. Mary's and St. Patrick's Cathedrals (Cath.); Calvary Presbyterian; First Meth- odist; First Baptist; Jewish Synagogue Emanuel; Mar- iners' Church, etc. Leading Theatres : the Calif omia, and two additional, of elegance and completeness, recently erected. Chinese Theatres: Dupont street, and Jackson street. Leading Hotels: Wie Occidental j Palace, Cosmopolitan, Grand, Lick House, &c. Other Features of Interest will be found, The Chinese, whose head-quarters in the Western World are at San Francisco, and in whose " quarter," " Joss House" or Temple, and Theatre, much experience may be gained; WoodvMrd^s Gardens, with very finp nOJJTE No. ^l.—JFAU WESTERN, 2765 collections in Natural History and a Hall for public amusements; the City Water Works, etc. Near Excursions will include those to Lone Moun- tain Cemetery, with fine outlook, tombs of Broderick, Col. Baker, and others ; to Golden Gate Park, re- cently opened, and one of the just prides of the city; to the Cliff House and Seal Roch, with the seals al- ways crowning the latter (favorite drive or horse- cars, with stages connecting) ; to the Ocean House and Eace Course, near the latter ; to the Hunter's Faint Dry Docks; to the Mission Dolores (street car) ; to the Presidio, Fort Point, etc., (drive or street car); and many others, locally directed, for longer sojourn- ers. There are also ferries to Oakland, San Antonio, Alameda, Contra Costa, San Quentin and Saucelito, [Connections from San Francisco. By rail to Sacramento, Marysmlle, Oroville, Shasta, (Shasta Butte-Mountain) Vreka and other towns north ; to Stockton, San Jose, Visalia, and other towns, and New Almaden Mines, south ; eastward to Salt Lake City, Omaha, and the East, by route just traversed. (Kailway being laid, further north, to Oregon City, PoETLAND, Vancouver, etc.) By river-steamer to SACRAivrENTo. By sea-steamer on the Pacific, to Monterey, St. Luis, Santa Barbara, Acapulco, and other towns on the Pacific, southward ; with con- nection at Panama with the Panama Eailway and steamers on the Atlantic from Aspinwall to New York. Also by sea-steamer north to Portland and other towns of Oregon. Also by sea-steamer to the Sandivich Islands, with connection thence to Aus- tralia. Also by Pacific Mail steamers to Japan 276c? SHOBT-TBIP GJIIDE. and OHiiq"A, with connections to British Ikdia, the Peninsular and Oriental steamers and overland rante to Egypt, Mediterranean and Europe.] Division D, DETOUB FROM OGDEIif TO SALT LAKE CITT. Leave Ogden by cars of the Utah Central Eailway, down the Great Salt Lake Valley, with the Wahsatch Mountains (a part of them always snow-crowned) rising boldly on the left and forming the eastern rim of the valley ; and the Great Salt Lake, with encircling mountains and bold islands, forming the western boundary. The valley is very fertile, though needing and receiving constant irrigation on account of deficient rain ; and the Mormon farms and home- steads line the eastern side of the valley, and nestle under the mountains the whole distance. Passing through the settlements of Kaysville, Farmingtonj CentrevilU, and Bountiful, at 36 miles from Ogden is reached Salt Lake City, lying at the southern extremity of the fertile portion of the Valley, with marshy ground extending for some miles southward from it ■and westward to the lake. It is well laid out, with broad and well-shaded streets, streams of water run- ning through many of them, though little that is complimentary can be said of the houses, a large proportion of them ill-built of adobe or wood. A full view of the noble Wahsatch Range is com- ROUTE No. 21.— FAR WESTERN. 276e manded from every portion of tlie town. Two wagon roads, leading southward and eastward to the mines and mountain settlements, enter the city at the eastward, through Emigrant and Parley Canons. There is also stage connection from the City, for FrovOj Fillmore, San Bernardino, and other towns in Lower California, and for StocJcton and Rush Valley in the West. Salt Lake City, from its com- mencement, the home of the Mormon religion and ascendancy, is now growing to be a great mining exchange, its character becoming Gentilized and reyolutionized. Among the most notable buildings in the city are the Talernacle, an immense, oval, round-roofed structure, with very large organ and wonderfully good acoustic properties, in which the denomi- national services of the Mormons are held ; the Old Talernacle near the other, and much smaller, for use in winter ; the Bee Hive and Lion Houses of Brigham Young, standing near together, with the Eagle Gate between them; the City -Hall^ a very creditable structure ; the Theatre, one of the most commodious m the "West, and noted for the boxes devoted to President Brigham Young's extensive family ; the foundations of the Temple, near the Tabernacle ; some of the shops, with the " Z. C. M. I." (Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution) on their sigus, showing the Mormon proclivities of the dealers. The principal business street is Mam or East Temjjle street. Visits may profitably be paid to Camp 276/ SHORT-TRIP GUIDE. Douglas, tlie U. S, Military Station, three miles from the city, eastward, on a fine elevated plateau under the mountains ; to the Cemeteiy, north-east of the city, and remarkable for being without shade ; to the Titldng Store, where the denominational dues are paid ; to Ensign Peak, for fine views : to the Warm Springs, the Hot Springs, the Canyons, etc., near the City. Hotels : the Walker (new), Salt Lake and Tow7isend. Eeturn to Ogden for pursuance of route westward. Dimsio7i E, DETOUE TO LAKE TAHOE. For this halt is made at Truckee (see that point in Division B) ; and the lying over of one train, or one day, will allow of a hurried visit to it, though much more time should be consumed. From Truckee by stage fifteen miles, along the banks of the bright little Truckee river the whole distance, and over a very fair mountain road. An object of great interest is passed on the way, and should receive attention — the Talioe Fisheries, at which, in pools, fine trout of all sizes and ages may be seen, while in a building adjoining, the whole process of incubation is shown. Lake Tahoe (often called by Calif ornians "Lake Bigler," and so ofiicially named), is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful bodies of water in any land, as it is the highest-lying large lake in the world. It is thirty-two miles in length, by ten in breadth, and ■ ROUTE NO. 21.—FAM WESTERN. 276g lies bosomed in tlie snow-clad Sierras, which inclose it on the east, south and west, noble pine forests forming the border. The water of the lake is won- , drously clear and blue, so that, when in repose, fish and other objects can be readily discerned at a depth of thirty or forty feet. It is also yery cold, but has the peculiarity of never freezing in winter — possibly on account of the depth, which has been found to be 1,700 feet in the middle. There are two small but commodious steamboats on the lake, besides sail and row-boats ; and a variety of excursions, in these, to Cornelian and Emerald Bays, and other points of interest, may be made ; or the whole lake may be ridden around by carriage, passing the same Bays, Lake Valley, Tahoe City, etc. Hotel : the Tahoe House. Eeturn to Truckee, for ]Dursuing route by rail. Lalce Bonner (much smaller than Tahoe, and seen from the rail) may also be reached from Truckee in a comparatively brief ride by carriage. Division F, TO THE BIG TEEES AKD YO-SEMITE VALLEY. For this double visit (the two great natural curi- osities lying in such directions that they should be taken in connection), several different routes offer themselves to the tourist. To the Yo-Semite, with- out the Calaveras Big Trees being always considered, three principal routes are in popular use^ known as 27eh SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE, the "Big Oak Flat/' the "Conlteryille" and the " Mariposa " routes. Big Oak Flat Route. The easiest route is considered to be the " Big Oak Elat," the upper or north route. For this^ the point of departure is Stockton, and the Big Trees of Cala- yeras lie very nearly on the way to the Valley. Leave Stockton by cars of the Copperopolis road, to Peter s\ and (with change) to Milton. At Milton take stages for Murpliy^s (Hotel, at Murphy's Camp), reached the same night. Proceed next day, by stage, fifteen miles, to the Big Teee Geove oe Calayeeas, where the Sequoia gigantea may be seen in their matchless glory, largest of all the arboreal products of earth. In the Mfimmoth Grove proper, there are nearly 100 trees, amid other trees that would be gigantic else- where ; the heights of those standing ranging from 180 to 350 feet, circumference from 30 to 93 feet; estimated ages, from 1,400 to 2,500 years. Most of the largest are named after distinguished statesmen and generals. On the smoothed stump of one of the largest, now covered with a building, in front of the hotel, sixty persons have danced in a set ; and through the hollow remains of the fallen "Father of the Forest," believed to have measured 420 feet in height, tall men walk erect and short ones ride on horse- back. The largest still standing erect, the "Mother of the Forest," is dead and naked of its salable bark^. BOUTE NO. 21.— FAB WESTEBK S76j some portions of wliicli measured 30 inclies in thick- ness. (Hotel, at the Calayeras Grove, the Mammoth Grove House.) Six miles distant from the Mammoth Grove (reached on horseback), is the Soutli Grove, of which some of the trees are alleged to be larger than any of the others, while the number reaches over 1,300. Eeturn to Murphy^ s from the Big Trees, and pro- ceed thence, next morning, by stage, to Sonora, Chinese Camp, Garote, Big Oah Flat, Hardin^s and HodgdorCs, to Hutching s' (Hotel), in the Valley, two days being consumed in the transit from Murphy's, with only eighteen miles of saddle. This brings the now celebrated To-Semite Valley, on the Merced river, with scenery alleged to be more grand than any other on the globe, in many particulars. Special points of interest: El Capitdn, gigantic separated rock; the Tliree Brothers, also rocks; the Bridal-Veil Fall, 940 feet; the Royal Arches, rocks; the Great-Yose- mite Fall, in three leaps of 1,600, 434, and 600 feet; the North and South Domes, rocks ; Mirror Lake : and the stupendous but frightful view of the whole Valley, from Inspiration Point. (Depend upon guide, necessary and always in readiness, for route and particulars.) Hotels at the Valley: Hutchings\ Ly dig's, and Blade's. Proceed to Clark'' s, and thence ^ make detour, a few miles, to the Jka Teees of Maeiposa, with no less than 427 of the monsters, varying from twenty to thirty-four 276j SEOBT-TEIP aUIDE. feet in diameter, and from 275 to 325 feet in height — many of them estimated to be 1,500 to 2,500 years old. Return may be made from the Valley, by the same route by which it was entered, with the exception of not returning to Murphy's, on the way back to Stockton, and thus shortening the ride. But, un- less special reasons offer for such a course, a greater variety of scenery will be secured, by adopting the reverse of one of the other following routes ; or, if the visitor has entered the Valley by either of the following, the same advantages, with the glance afc the Big Trees, will be secured by coming out by the reverse of the preceding. Coitlterville Route. For this route, whether proceeding eastward or westward, the Central Pacific road is left at La- THKOP, cars being changed for Merced. Stage from Merced to Coulterville, and to GoMn^s Bancli, at Crane's Elat. From Gobin's, saddle-train to Blade's, in the Valley, with same features to be observed as those noted in the previous route, though some changes in the order of visiting them, from different points of arrival. This route is considered to have especial beauty in scenery along the route, as much 'of it lies along the dividing ridge between the Tuo- lumne and Merced rivers, giving fine views of the Sierra Nevada, the Coast Eange, San Joaquin Val- ley, etc. _ '1-. ROUTE NO. 21— FAB WESTEBN, S76ifc MQAnposa Route. This route, the southernmost, is identical with the Coulterville, in departure and detail, so far as J/er- ced, by rail. Thence stage to Snelling^s^ Hornitos, Bear Valley^ WJiite and HatcWs, and Clarh and Moore's. Thence into the Valley, by saddle, some thirty miles — the distance on horseback being great- er than by any of the other routes, but with the ad- vantages claimed of bringing both the Mariposa Big Trees and the stupendous view from Inspiration Point, into more convenient access. Two additional routes have lately been opened, known as the Mohelumne Hill and Hamilton's New, For the former, stage from Mohelumne Hill Station of the Central Pacific road, to the Calaveras Big Trees, and thence to the Yo-Semite Valley as by the Big Oak Elat route ; for the second, stage from the railroad station at Galt^ by lone City and Val» ley, Jackson, Mokelumne Hill and Eailroad Flat, to the Big Trees ; and thence to the Yo-Semite as "bj the Big Oak Flat route. Division G. EXCUKSIOi^ TO THE QEYSES3 Visit may be paid to the wonderful steam-springs, known as The Geysers, and considered as among the greatest of California curiosities — most conve- niently by the following route : Steamer from San Francisco (twice a day), or from Sacramento, to 270? SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE. Vallejo, (pronounced " Val-lay-o"), [see "vy./" p. 276<^], important town on the Straits of Oarqui- nez, with Mare Island Navy Yard in the immediate neighborhood, and terminus of the California Paci- fic Eailway. Thence rail on the !N"apa Valley Eail- way, by Napa City (stage to Sonoma), St. Helena (stage to White Sulphur Springs), and minor towns, to Calistoga (whence conveyance to Calistoga Springs^ Mount St. Helena, the Petrified Forest, etc.) Fromi Calistoga, Foss' stages, daily, by Ray's Eanch, God-» win's Peak (with fine and very extensive view over Eussian Eiver Valley, the Coast Eange and distant Pacific), and the picturesque ridge of Hog's Back, to the Great Geyser Canon and Springs, exhibiting some of the most startling phenomena in nature, in the wildness of the scenery, and the heat, varied mineral impregnation, and terrific force of outburst, of„ the various springs included. Among the most notable exhibitions are those of the "Witches' Cauldron," throwing up mingled pitch and ink, with clouds of steam ; the " Steamboat Geyser," throwing out steam of the most intense heat, with such force as to imi- tate the blowing off of the most powerful boiler; the '* Scalding Steam Iron Bath ; " the " Mountain of Fire," with hundreds of vomiting fissures ; the " Al- kali Lake," the " Boiling Black Sulphur Springs," and many others that can only be intelligently or even safely visited under capable guidance — the BOUTE NO. 21— FAB WESTEBK 276w wliole maintaining, and well deserring, the reputa- tion of being one of tlie most interesting and alto- gether the most diabolical, of the natural wonders of the continent. Division H, EETUEKIlfG EASTWARD EROM CALIFORNIA. Overland return from California must necessarily be made, until the completion of the JSTorthern Paci- fic road, and that of the California and Oregon road, running northward to meet it at Portland — ^loy the same route pursued in going westward to the Paci- fic, over the Central and Union Pacific roads, at least so far as Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory ; and the return ride will be by no means monotonous or witli- out use, so many of the points passed over needing at least a second observation to measure them prop- erly. At Cheyenne, however (see "n," p. 274), much additional variety may be secured by taking the Denver Pacific road to Dekver, capital of Colorado, as well as its com- mercial centre, with much beauty in location, a U. S. Branch Mint, magnificent views of the great snow-capped Colorado mountains from the rail, the city and neighborhood, and numerous rail and stage connections with all the great mining-centres of the territory. Golden City, Central City, Boulder City, etc., and with New Mexico, Arizona, and the South- West. It is also from Denver that excursions may 276ra SEOET-TBIP GUIDE. best be arranged, to tbe famous Parks of Colorado, to the best points of view of Pike's, Long's, the Spanish Peaks, etc., among the grandest mountains of the central continent. From Denver the route eastward may be pursued, by the Kansas Pacific road, by Kit Carson, (CoL) Sheridan, Fort Hays, Brookville, Salina (on the Smoky Hill Fork of the Kansas), Junctmi City (connection with the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railway, southward), Manhattan, and other more-or- less important towns of Kansas — to Topeka, capital of that State, and Lawrence^ seat of the State Uni- versity, directly eastward, or by St Joseph ("St Joe ") important town of Missouri, and old starting- point of the overland emigration — to St. Louis, for pursuance of any route eastward, northward or southward (see Route No. 14, p. 223.) [Of course, for the California-bound traveller finding himself previously at St. Louis, and desiring to traverse both routes, the course of this Division will be reversed so far as Cheyenne, and the route thence eastward to Omaha and Chicago, be taken on tne return.] OFF-ROUTE AND MINOR PLACES. [TOWIJS AND OTHER PLACES NOT INDEXED OR MENTIONED IN ANY OF THE ROUTES, OR WITH OPTIONAL ROUTE HERE INDICATED.] Adrian (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. Afton (N". y.) on Albany and Susquehanna road, frois Albany or Binghamton. Allentown (K J.) from Trenton or Bordentown. Amenia (N. Y.) Harlem railroad from Kew York. Amlierst (Mass.) from New London by New London North- ern road. Ansonia (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatnck road. Aniietam [Battle Field] (Md.) from Harrisburg to Hagers- town ; or from Harper's Ferry. Appleton (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie. AsJiley Falls (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. Aspinwall (Isthmus, for Galifornid) from New York by PacijQc Mail Steamers, 1st and 15th of every month. AsJiburnJiam (Mass.) from Fitchburg. Atchison (Kansas,) by rail from Kansas city, (see this list.) Aurora (N. Y.) on Cayuga Lake, (see this list.) Avon (N. Y.) by rail from Rochester or Batavia. Bainbridge (N. Y.) on Albany and Susquehanna road^ fro® Albany or Binghamton. Bath (Me.) by rail from Portland. Bath (N. H.) from "Wells River. Bath (N. Y.) on Buffalo Division of Erie road, from Batavia or Corning. Baton Bouge (La.) by steamer from New Orleans. Beavfort (S. C.) from Charleston. Belfast (Me.) by rail from "Waterville, (see this list) 278 SEOET-TRIP GUIDE. Bennington (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls ; or from Chat ham Four Comers, (see this list.) Benida (Cal.) by boat from San Francisco. Bethel (Me.) by rail from Portland or Gorham. BetJiel (Vt.) from White River Junction or Burlington. Betlileliem (N. H.) from Littleton. Beverly (Mass.) by rail from Salem. Bolton [and Falls] (Vt.) from Ridley's Station, (see this list.) Booneville (Mo.) by rail from Jeflerson City, (see this list); or from St. Louis, by boat. Booneville (N. Y.) from Utica. Bowdoin College (Me.) at Brunswick, (see this list.) Bradford (Vt.) by rail irom Wells River or White River Junction. Brandon (Vt.) by rail from Rutland or Burlington. Braintree (Mass.) from Boston by South Shore road. Bridgewater (Mass.) from Boston by Old Colony road. Bristol (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury, (see this list), or Provi- dence. Bristol (N. H.) from Concord by K. Kew Hampshire road, Bristol (R. I.) by rail from Providence, Brookjield, (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. BrunswicJc (Me.) by rail from Poptland. Canaan (Ot.) from Briigeport by Housatonic road. Cairo (N. Y.) by stage from Catskill. CaineVs Hump [Mountain] (Vt.) by carriage from Ridlej^s Station, (see this list.) Canton (Mass.) by rail from Providence or Boston. Carlisle (Pa.) by rail from Harrisburg. Caseyoille (111.) by rail from St. Louis. Gastine (Me.) by boat from Belfast, (see this list.) Ca/rbondal& (IIJ.) by rail from Cairo. Centralia (111.) by rail from Cairo or Chicago. Ghateaugay Woods (N. Y.) from Rouse's Point, or from Plattsburg. OFF-ROUTE AND IIINOR PLAGES. 279 Uliaiham (N. J.) by Morris and Essex road from iN'ew York. ChaiJiam (TsT. Y.) Harlem railroad from New York, or Bostoa and Albany road from Boston. Gharlemont (Mass.) from North Adams. Charleston (S. C.) from New York by steamers twice a week or oftener. Cheat Biver ("W. Va.) by rail from Wheeling ; or from Harp- er's Ferry. CIiesMre (Ct.) from New Haven by Nortbamptoa road. Chester (Yt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. CJucopee (Mass.) by rail from Springfield. Chilicothe (0.) by rail from Cincinnati. CirdemUe (O.) by rail from Cincinnati or Zanesville. Clarendon [Springs] (Vt.) by stage from Eiitland. Clarksburg (W. Va.) by rail from Harper's Ferry ; or from Wheeling by Grafton. Clifton Springs (N. Y.) on Aubm-n Branch of New York Central road, from Syracuse or Rochester. Coatesmlle (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Pennsylvania Centra] road, Collinsmlle (Ct.) from New Haven by Northampton road. Cooperstovm (N. Y.) by Susquehanna road from Albany. Crawfordsville (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis. Crooked Lake (N. Y.) from Penn Yan, (see this list.) Croton Falls (N. Y.) Harlem railroad from New York. Dalles of St. Louis River (Minn.) by rail from St. Paul or Du- luth. Vanbury (Ct.) from Norwalk. Danielsonmlle (Ct.) by rail from New London or Worcester. Deal (N. J.) from Long Branch. Beerfield [and South'] (Mass ) by rail from Northampton, (see this list.) Delaware (0.) by raSl from Columbus. Derby (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Naugatuck road. Dexter (Me.) by rail from Bangbr. 280 ' BHORT-TBIP OULDE. \ DoTier Plaim (K. Y.) Harlem railroad from New York. Downington (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Pennsylvania Cen- tral road. Eastham^ptoji (lilass.) from New Haven by Williamsburg road. Eastpori (Me.) by steamer from Boston and from St. Jobn'Sj » KB. Eatontown (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New York ; or New Jersey Central for Long Branch. Effingham (Ind.) by rail from Terre Haute or St. Louis. Englewood (N. J.) from New York by Northern New Jersey road. Essex Junction ( Yt.) from Burlington. Falls Village (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. Farmingdale (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road (boat and rail) from New York. Fitcliburg (Mass.) by rail from Boston. FitzwUliam (N. H.) by rail from Fitchburg, Mass. Flint (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. Florence (Mass.) from New Haven by Williamsburg road. Flushing (L. I.) from New York by 34th street ferry and Flushing railroad. Fond du Lac (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie or Duluth. Fort William (Canada), by boat from Duluth. Foxborough (Mass.) by rail from Providence or Boston. FranUin (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis. Franklin (N. H.) from Concord by Northern New Hamp- shire road. Freehold (N. J.) from New York by Pennsylvania, N. J. Central or N. J. Southern roads ; or from Long Branch. Galveston (Texas), by steamer from New Orleans. Gardiner (Me.) by rail from Portland. Gettysburg (Pa.) by rail from Harrisburg, by York. Glassb&ro (N. J.) by rail from Camden. Gloucester (Mass.) by rail frord Salem. OFF-BOUTE AND MINOB PLAGES. 281 Grafton (N. H.) from Concord by N. Kew Hampshire road. Great Bamngton (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. Greensburg (Pa.) from the Pennsylvania Central road at Blairsvilie. Greenfield (Mass.) from New Haven, by Korthampton. Greenport (Long Island), from New York by Long Island road. Greenwich (Ct.) from New York by New Haven rQ3,d. Eaclcensack (N. J.) by Erie road from New York. Hadley (Mass.) from Northampton, (see this list.) Hagerstown (Md.) by rail from Baltimore, or Harrisburg by Chambersburg. Hamilton (0.) by rail from Cincinnati. Hammojidsport (N. Y.) on Crooked Lake, (see this list.) Hannibal (Mo.) by rail from Springfield, 111. ; or by rivei from St. Louis. Hanomr (N. H.) from White River Junction. Havana (Cuba) from New York by Atlantic Mail Steam- ers, every Thursday ; and by Vera Cruz Steamers, everj 10 days. Haydenmlle^ (Mass.) from New Haven by WiUiamsburg road Highgate Springs (Vt. ) from Rouse's Point. Hlngliam (Mass.) from Boston by South Shore road. Hinsdale (Vt.) opposite Brattleboro. Holmdel (N. J.) by steamboat from New York to Keyport (see this list,) thence by stage ; or N. J. Central R.R. Holyoke (Mass.) by rail. from Springfield. Honesdale (Pa.) by rail from Lackawaxen, on Erie Road. Hoosac Tunnel (Mass.) from North Adams. Housatonic (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. Houston (Texas) by rail from Galveston (see this list.) Howe^s and BaWs Caves (N. Y.) from Schoharie (see this list.) Ipswich (Mass.) by rail from Salem. Tsle Boyal (Mich.) by boat fifom Duluth. 282 SHOBT-TBIP O UIDK Ithaca (N. Y.) on Cayuga Lake (see this list.) Jacksonmlle (Florida) from Savannah. Jacksonville (111.) by rail from Springfield. Jamaica (Long Island) from New York by Long Island road. Jefferson Gity (Mo.) by rail from St. Louis. Joneshoro (111.) by rail from Cairo. Kane (Pa.) from Ridgeway or Irvineton, on Philadelphia and Erie road. Kansas Oitij^ (Mo.) by rail from St. Lonis, or from Oraaha. Kearsarge Mountain (N. H.) from Concord by NortherD ISTew Hampshire road. Keene (N. H.) by rail from Fitchburg or Bellows FaUs. Kenosha (Wis.) by rail from Chicago. Kent (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. Keyport (N. J.) by steamboat from New York, or N. J. Cen- ' tral rail from Matawan. KilUngton Peak (Vt.) from Rutland. Knightstown (Ind.) by rail from Dayton (O.) or Indianapolis. Lafayette (Ind.) by rail from Logansport. Lake Dunmore (Vt.) by stage from Brandon (see this list.) Lake Luzerne (N. Y.) from Saratoga. Lake Pleasant (N. Y.) from Amsterdam, New York Centra] road. Lake Temisconata (Canada) from Riviere du Loup by Grand Portage road. Lake Umhagog (Me.) from Gorham, K. H. Lamhertmlle (N. J.) from Trenton by Belvidere Delaware road. Lancaster (O.) by rail from Columbus or Zanesville. Lawrence, (Kansas) from Kansas City (see this list). Lawrenceburg (Ind.) by rail from ClacinrtAti. Leavenworth (Kansas), by rail from Kansas City (see this list.) Ld>anon (N. H.) from White River Junction. Lee (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic roa^l. Lefdgh Water-Gap and Lehighton (Pa.) from Easton by Le- high Valley road. ■ f OFF-MO UTE AND MINOR PL A GE8. 283 Lenox (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road ; cr from Albany by Boston and Albany road to Pittsfield. Lexington (Mo.) by rail from Sedalia and Jefferson City (see this list). Litchfield, (Ct.) from Bridgeport by ISTaugatuck road. Little Bock (Ark.) by rail from Memphis, Tenn. Logan (0.) by rail from Columbus. London (O.) by rail from Springfield. Long Branch (N". J.) from New York by N. J. Central E.E,, or N. J. Southern, boat and rail. Ludlow (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. MacJdnaw (Mich.) from Detroit, by boat. Mancliester (Ct.) by rail from Hartford. Manchester (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New York. Mancliester (Yt.) by rail from Eutland. Mansfield (Ct.) by rail from Hartford or Providence. MarUehead (Mass.) by rail from Salem. Marietta (O.) by rail from Wheeling. Martha) 8 Vineyard (Mass.) by steamer from New Bedford. Martinsburg (W. Va.) by rail from Harpers Ferry. Martinsville (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis. Massena Springs (Canada), from Louisville, on the St. Law- rence, near Prescott. Mataican (N.J.) by rail from New York, on New Jersey Central road for Long Branch (also Keyport). Mauch Chunk (Pa.) from Easton by Lehigh Yalley road. May smile (Ky.) by rail, or the Ohio river from Cincinnati. Meadville (Pa.) from Corry, Oil-Regions. Medford (Mass.) from Boston by Lowell road. Middlehoro (Mass.) from Boston by Old Colony road. Middlcburg (Yt.) by rail from Burlington. Middletoion (N. J.) by New Jersey Central rail for Long Branch, from New York. 284 SEOHT-TRIP qjjwe, Middletown (Pa.) from Harrisburg. MUford (Ct.) from New York by New Haven road. Milford (0.) by rail from Columbus. Minnesota Lakes (Minn.) from St. Paul. Missisquoi Springs (Vt.) from St. Albans, by stage. Mitclicll (Ind.) by rail from Louisville. f Mound City [and Mounds'] (111.) by rail from Cairo. Monroe (Micli.) by rail from Detroit. Montpelier (Vt.] from Burlington. Mount Desert [and Rock and Island] (Me.) by steamer from Boston, Portland or Bangor. Mount Diablo (Cal.) from San Francisco, by San Francisco and Oregon Railway, and connections. Mount Holly (N. J.) by rail from Camden or Burlington. Mount Holyolce (Mass.) from Northampton, (see this list.) Mount Katahdin (Me.) by stage from Bangor ; or partially by rail from same place. Mount Mansfield (Vt.) by carriage from Waterbury, (see this list.) Mount Tom (Mass.) from Northampton, (see this list.) Mount Vernon (N. Y.) from New York by New Haven road. Mount Vernon (O.) by rail from Newark. Nantucket (Mass.) by steamer from New Bedford. Narragansett Pier (R. I.) from Kingston, on Stonington and Providence road. Nassau (New Providence) from New York, by Atlantic Mail steamers, irregularly. New Britain (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury (see this list) or Providence. Newburg (O.) by rail from Cleveland. Newburg (Vt.) by rail from Wells River. New Egypt (N. J.) by rail from Hightstown, Mt. Holly or Burlington. Nevi Milford (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. OFF-ROUTE AND MINOR PLAGES. 285 NeiD Ilonmouth (N. J.) from New York by New Jersey Cen- tral road for Long Branch — stage from Middletown. New Orleans (La.) from New York by steamers, every Satnr day or ottener. NeiD PhiladelpMa (O.) by rail from Pittsburg. NeiD RocJielle (N. Y.) from New York by New Haven road. Nswtoion^ (L. I.) from New York by 34th street ferry and Flushing railroad. Norfolk (Ya.) from New York by steamer, every Saturday oi oftener. Normal (111.) by rail from Chicago. North Adams (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road, or from Boston, Albany or Troy by Troy and Boston roaa. North Derby (Vt.) from Lenoxville, Canada, by Massiwippi road. Northampton, (Mass.) by rail from New Haven. Northfield (Mass.) from New London by New London Northern road. Northfield (Yt.) from Burlington. NortJiumberland (Pa.) from Harrisburg by Northern Central road. Norwich (Yt.) by rail from White River Junction. Oceanport (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from Ne^ York ; or from Long Branch. Oshkosh (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie. Otsego Lake (N. Y.) by Susquehanna road from Albany. Otter Creek Falls (Yt.) from Yergennes (see this list.) Oxford (Me.) by rail from Portland. Oxford (0.) by rail from Cincinnati. Owasco Lake (N. Y.) from Auburn (see this list.) Parkesburg (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Penn. Central road. Parkersburg, (W. Ya.) by rail from Wheeling, or from Colum- bus, O. Passumpsic (Yt.) by rail from Wells River. PhcBnixmlle (Pa.) from Philadelphia by Reading road. SHOET-TBIP OUIDK Patclwgue (Long Island) from Kew York by South Side road Pemberton (N. J.) by rail from Higlitstown, or from Camdeu Burlington, or Long Brancli. Penn Tan (N. Y.) by Northern Central road, from Elmira, Pe7'th Aniboy (N. J.), from New York byN. J. Central, Long Branch line. Peru (Ind.) by rail from Logansport. Pittsfield (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road, or from Albany or Boston by Boston and Albany road. Piedmont ("W". Va.) by Bait, and Ohio road from Harper's Ferry. Plitsford (Vt.) by rail from Rutland. Piqua (0.) hj rail from Columbus. Plainville (Ct.) from New Haven by Korthampton road. Pontiac (111.) by rail from Chicago. Pontiac (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. Port Huron (Mich.) by rail from Detroit. Part Kent (K. Y.) by boat on Lake Champlain, going to or from Burlington, Vt. Pottmlle (Pa.) from Reading. Poultiiey (Vt.) by rail from Rutland. Putney (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. Quincy (Mass.) from Boston by Old Colony road. Bcccquette Begions (K. Y.) in connection with Adirondacks fronj Crown Point. Ravenna (O.) by rail from Cleveland. Eeadmlle (Mass.) by rail from Providence or Boston. Bed Panic (N. J.) by New Jersey Central rail for Long Branch J from New York ; or boat direct. Bicemlle (K. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New York. Richfield Springs (N. Y.) from Sharon Springs ; or from Utica or Binghamton by the Utica, Chenango and Susquehan- na road. Blchmond (Ind.) by rail from Xenia or Indianapolis. Bidley's Station (Vt.) from Esses Junction, (see this list.} OFF-ROUTE AND MINOR PLAGES. 287 Richmond (Ya.) from New York by steamer every Saturday or oftenor. Rio Janiero (Brazil) from New York by United States and Brazil steamers, 23rd of every montb. Rockmlle (Ct.) by rail from Hartford. Rochcille (Ind.) by rail from Terre Haute. Royalton [and Scnitli] (Yt.) from White River Junction. SacJcetfs Harbor (N. Y.) by rail from Rome, on New York Central road. Saginaw (Mich.) [and Easf] by rail from Detroit. Salem (Ind ) by rail from Louisville. Salem (N. J.) by rail from Camden. Salem (N. Y.) by Troy and Boston road, from Troy. Salisbury (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic road. Salisbury {East and Beacli] (Mass.) by rail from Salem. San Francisco (Cal.) from New York by Pacific Mail steam- ers, 1st and 15th of every month. San Rafael and San Quentin (Cal.) by boat from San Fran- cisco, and horse. Sault Ste. Marie (Mich.) [Rapids and Canal], by boat from De- troit. Sa'oannaTi (Ga.) from New York by steamer several times a week. [Connection for Florida cities^ Schoharie (N. Y.) on Albany and Susquehanna road, from Albany or Binghamton. Schuylkill Haven (Pa.) from Reading. Scotch Plains (N. J.) by New Jersey Central road from New York. Sedbrook (N. H.) from Boston or Portsmouth. Sedalia (Mo.) by rail from St. Louis. Seneca Lake (N. Y.) on Auburn Branch of New York Cen- tral road, from Syracuse or Rochester. Seymour (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. Shark Rivsr (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New York. 388 SHORT-TRIP GUIDE Sharon (Vt.) from White River Junction, Sheboygan (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukie. STielbuma N. H. from Gorham. Shelburne Falls (Mass.) from North Adams. 81ielbyx)ille (Ind.) by rail from Indianapolis, Sheffield (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonic ^^ad. Sheffield (Pa.) from Ridge way or Irvineton, on Philadelphia and Erie road. Shrewsbury (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New York ; or N. J. Central, Long Branch line. Skeneateles (N. Y.) on Auburn Branch of New York Centra] road, from Syracuse or Rochester, Sorel (Canada), by steamer from Quebec. South Hadley (Mass.) by rail from SpringfieicL South Paris (Me.) by rail from Portland. Squan [Beachl (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New York to Shark River^ thence stage. Squankum (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road from New York. Stafford (Ct.) by rail from Hartford or Providence. Stanstcad (Canada), from Newport, Lake Memphreni&gog, oi from Lennoxville. St. Augustine (Florida), from Savannah, Ga. St. Gha/rles (Mo.) by rail from St. Louis. Sterling (Ct.) by rail from Hartford. Stillwater (Minn.) from St. Paul. St. John Falls (Canada), from Riviere du Loup or from Cacouna. St. J«hmburg (Vt.) by rail from Wells River. Stoclcbridge [and Weif] (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housa- tonic load. Stratford (Ct.) from New York by New Haven road. iS^. Thomas (W. 1.) from New York by Brazil steamers, 23d of every month. Sunbury (Pa.) from Harrisburg by Northern Central road. OFF-RO UTE AND MINOR PL A GES. 289 Superior City (Wis.) by boat from Detroit or Chicago. Sutherland Falls (Vt.) by rail from Kutland Terry tille (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury (see this list) or Pro- vidence. Thetford (Vt.) by rail from White River Junction. Thompson (Ct.) by rail from JSTew London or Worcester. Thunder Bay (Lake Superior) by boat from Duluth. Tiffln (O.) by rail from Sandusky. Tolland (Ct.) by rail from Hartford or Providence. Tom^s River (N. J.) by New Jersey Southern road f'xjm New York. Topeka (Kansas) from Kansas city (see this list.). Troy (0.) by rail from Dayton. Zfrbana (O.) by rail from Columbus. Valley Foi^ge (Pa.) from Philadelphia, or from Reading. Vandalia (Ind;) by rail from St. Louis. Van Deusenmlle (Mass.) from Bridgeport by Housatonio road. Vera Cruz (Mexico), from New York by Mexican maU etearrif ers, every 10 days. Vergennes (Vt.) by rail from Burlington. Vicksburg {Miss.) by river from New Orleans; or rail &oin Jackson. JFa^^^am (Mass.) from Boston by Fitchburg road. Warren (0.) by rail from Cleveland. Warren (R. L) by rail from Providence. Warren (Pa.) from Ridgeway or Irvineton, on Philadelphih and Erie road. Waterbury (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. Waieriown (Mass.) from Boston by Fitchburg roado Waterville (Ct.) by rail from Waterbury, (see th.Ia list,) oi' Providence. Waterville (Me.) by rail from Portland by Augusts i Watkins Glen (N. Y.) from Elmira, Erie road. Waukegan (111.) by rail from Chicago. 290 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. WaukesJia (Wis.) by rail from Milwaukee. WellmHe (O.) by Ohio river from Pittsburg. West Burke ( Vt ) by rail from Wells River. Westfield (Mass.) from New Haven cy Williamsburg road. Westminster (Vt.) by rail from Bellows Falls. West BandolpJi (Vt.) from White River Junction or Burlmg- ton. Weymouth (Mass.) from Boston by South Shore road. White Plains (N. Y.) Harlem railroad trom New York. Wilkeslarre (Pa.) from Easton by Lehigh Valley. Williamsburg (Mass.) from New Haven by W. road. Williamstown (Mass.) from Albany, Troy or Boston, by Troy and Boston road. Williston (Vt.) from Essex Junction. Willoughbi/ Lake (Vt.) from West Burke, (see this list.) Wilmington (0.) by rail from Cincinnati. Winstead (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. Woburn [East] (Mass.) from Boston by Lowell road. Wolcotville (Ct.) from Bridgeport by Nangatuck road. Woodbury (N. J.) by rail from Camden. Woodstock ( Vt.) from White River Junction. Woodbridge (N. J.) from Rahway, by rail. Woonsocket (R. I.) by rail from Providence or Worcester. Wyandotte (Kansas,) opp. Kansas city (see this list). Wyandotte (Mich.) from Detroit. Wyoming (Minn.) by rail from St. Paul. Wyoming Valley (Pa.) from Scranton, by the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg road. Yankton (Dacotah), by the Missouri river from Sioux city. Yellow Springs (O.) by rail from Xenia or Cincinnati. York (Pa.) by rail from Harrisburg, STEAMSHIP LINES AND BANKING-HOUSES. STEAMSHIPS BETWEEN EUROPE AND AMERICA. LIKES BY QUEENSTOWN, LIVERPOOL AIS'D LOISTDON. Inman Line. {Inman Steamship Company, limited.) The three leading vessels of this Hue, intended to run durinpf the passenger-seas;on of 1877, are tbe Commodore'a ship, the " City of Berlin," one of the largest in the world, and one of the speediest, if not the very speediest afloat, while with comfort equalling and warranted by the size, — the " City of Richmond," and " Citv of Chester,'' onijless in tonnage and without other rivals as to speed and comfort, while also exceptionally commanded. With the'fe are still associated, of course, when additional vessels are required, the old and new favorites, the ''Montreal," ''Brussels," "Paris," "Brooklyn," "New York," "London," "Ant- werp," «fec.% making up a fleet of large numbers and great capacity. The announcement of this line will show the care habitually taken to avoid northern latitudes, icebergs and collisions. Sailings from New York, on Saturdays; from Liver- pool on Thursdays ; and from Queenstown on Fridays. (For Special annouiicement see ofiicial card in its appropriate place.) Giiion Line. {Liverpool aiid Great Western Steamship Co.) It has for some time been an admitted fact, tbat the Wil- liams & Guion boats, especially of the later build, have es- tablished a high reputation for comfort, convenience, and sea-worthiness, and that tney, consequently, deserve the pa- tronage they receive. The ships of this line now number the exceptionally large and powerful "Montana," "Wyo- ming," " W'isc9nsin," " Nevada," and "Idaho," everyone of which has won commendation for sea-going qualities and comfoit of the first order, while some of them are among the very race-horses of the ocean for speed. The .U, S. Mail Service has added materially, as deserved, to the capacity and popularity of a commendable line, con- tinually growing better, year by year. Sailings from New York on Tuesdays, and from Liverpool on Wednesdays. (For special announcements see oflBcial card.) 292 SHOBT-TBIP GUIDE. National L^ne. {National Steam Navigation Company.) With tlieir boats always large and burtliensorae, self-in- sured, and sailed on lines especially calculated to avoid ice and collisions; now tlie National Line not only make the well- founded boast of employin;^ the lar ci nsTA-Tioisr^L LINE. Steamers Weekly BETWEE^f A-^-^F r(9itA', LIVERPOOL AND QUEENSTOVVN; AND FORTNIGHTLY BETWEEN NEW YORK AND LONDON DIRECT. Spain, Egypt, Italy, Holland, France, . Denmark, 4,871 tons. 5,089 ;; 4,341 3,847 ' 3,675 ; England, . . 4,896 tona The Queen, . 4,470 " Helvetia, . . . 3,976 Erin, 4,040 " Canada, . 4,276 " Greece, . 4,310 '• The above powerful British-built Iron Steamships, with spar decks, and water-compartments, THE LARGEST IN THE TRADE, during the season of 1877, will form this favorite line, leaving LIVERPOOL, . . . . EVERY WEDNESDAY, QUEENSTOWN, ... . . EVERY THURSDA Y. NEW YORK, .... EVERY SATURDAY. Weekly to and from LONDON From the Company's Piers, NOS. 44 AND 47, NORTH RIVER. CABIN PASSAGE To Liverpool, Queenstown, or London, $60 and $70, according tc loca. tion of sleeping rooms. All passengers have equal privileges in the Saloon, Return Tickets by London Steamer, ^100; by Liverpool Steamer, $110 and $120. For passage apply at the Company's Offices, No. 21 Water Street^ Li'verpool^ and at No, 69 Broadway, New York, F. W. J. HURST, Manager. ANNO UNCEMENTS, ii • s< ?? SAISillVG FROM NEW YORK. FOR QUEENSTOWN AND I^iVESFOOL., EVERY TUESBAY. First-Class Mail Steamships MOI^TAIN'A, - - l^^EVADA, .wiscoisrsm, - - - idaho, WYOMING, From Liverpool ever}^ "Wednesday, and Qneenstown every Thursday. DRFATS payable in all parts of England, Ireland and Scotland. FOR PASSAGE APPLY TO , WILLIAMS & GUION,^ 29 Broadway. SEOBT-TRIP G UIBE.—ANNO UNCEMENTS. STEAMERS TO FRANCE DIRECT. General Transatlantic COMPANY^S FIRST-CLASS STEAMSHIPS, iTnder Government Contract to carry the Mails between NEW YORK AND HAVRE. Leaving New York and Havre every Wjcdnesday, calling at Plymouth. PEREIRE, SAINT LAURENT, SAINT GERMAIN, LABRADOR, VILLE DE PARIS, CANADA, AMER.IQUE, FRANCE, Passage Money ( Wine included) Payable in Gold, FROM NEW YORK, PLYMOUTH OR HAVRE, First Cabin, $100, Second Cabin, $65, Third Cabin, I35, Fourth Class, $26, To Plymouth, $25. Excursion Ticket} issued at a reduction of 10 per cent. MEDICAL ATTENDANCE FREE OF CHARGE. American Travelers going to or returning from the Continent of Europe, by taking this Line, avoid both transit by English railway and the discomtorts of crossing the Channel, besides saving time, trouble and expense. For Freight or Passage apply at the Office of LOUIS DE BEBIAN, Agent, 55 Broadway, New York. BEOR T- TEIP G UIDE. —ANNO UN OEMEN TS NORTH GERMAN LLOYD. w o o fa o w H o < The Screw Steamers of the North German X,loyd H g 2 > O < o > > Hhein, DOXAU, KOLN, IfECKAU, LkU'ZTC, Wksku, KKOxrRixz Fiii Hermann, Hanovek, Stkassburg, Baltimore, Ohio, , America, SDiilCH WiLilELM. Haxsa, Frankfurt, MOSEL. Eeklix, Bismarck, Oder, Habsrurg, Hohexzolern, Ho H ENST AUFFEE, Salier, Braunschweig, !N'UKN15ERG, General AV'eruee, These Vessels carry the Gerffzan, BritisJt and United States Mails^ and leave Bremen, for New York, by Southampton, every Saturday. '' for Baltimore, on alternate Wednesdays. Southampton, for New York, every Tuesday. " for Baltimore, on alternate Saturdays, New York, for Southampton and Bremen, every Saturday. Baltimore, for Southampton and Bremen, every alternate Saturday. The above vessels have been constructed in the most approved manner; they are of 3 000 tons, and 700 horse-power each, and are commanded by men of character and experience, who will make every exertion to pro- mote the comfort and convenience of passengers. They touch at South- ampton, or the outward trip, for the purpose of landing passengers for England and France. These Vessels take Freight to Bremen, London, Hull, Rotterdam, Antwerp and Hamburg, for which through bills of lading are signed. An experienced surgeon is attached to each vessel. All letters must pass through the post office. Specie taken to Havre, Southampton and Bremen at the lowest rates. For Prices of Passage, and all further particulars, apply to NORTH GERMAN LLOYD, Bremen: KELLER, WALLIS & POSTLE- THWAITE, Southampton and London: VYillAA^'P'^,, GRAVES, PHIL- LIPPS & CO., London: L'HERBETTE, KANE & CO., Havre and Paris: OELraCHS & CO., New York: A. SCHUMACHER & CO., Baltimore: ED. F. STOCKMEYER & CO., New Orleans: H. UP- MAN & CO., Havana, ANNO UNCEMENTS, Pacific M ailSteamship Line TO CALIFORNIA. For time of Leaving of tlie Magnificent SteamsMps of this Line, tlie Oldest and Most Reliable Route to California, and all Ports of tlie PacifiCj From Pier Foot of Canal st., N. R., KEW YOEK, And also for Rates of passage, made to accord with the times, See Current and Weekly Announcements. Close Connections made at San Francisco with China Line for As also for Ports of Oregon, British Columbia and the Northwest. For Freight or Passage pply to WILLIAM R CLYDE & CO., Or H. J. BULLA Y, Superintendent^ Fiei Foot Canal Street, North HiTer* BANKING HOUSES. SHOE T- TRIP G UIDE. —ANNO UNCEMENTS. BROWN BROTHERS & CO. 59 Wall Street, New York, Issne, agfainst cash deposited, or satisfactorj' guarantee of repayment, Circular Credits for Travellers, in dollars for use in the United States and adjacent countries, and in Pounds Sterling; for use in any part of the world. These credits, bearing tke signature of the holder, afford a ready means of identification, and the amounts for which they are issued can be availed of from time to time, and wherever he may be, in sums to meet the requirements of the traveller. Applications for Credits may be made to the above house direct, or through any first-class bank or banker ia this country. They also issue Commercial Credits, make Cable Transfers of Money between this Country and England, and Draw Bills of Exchange on Great Britain and Ireland. BROWN, SHIPLEY &> CO., Founder's Court, Lothbury, London. BROWN, SHIPLEY ^ CO., Chapel Street, Liverpool, DREXEL, MORGAN & CO., Wall Street, Corner of Broad, NEW YORK, DREXEL & CO. drexel, HARJES & CO. 34 South Third Street, 3, Rue Scribe, Philadelphia. Paris. ISSUE COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELLING CREDITS Available in all parts of the World. TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS TO AND FROM EUROPE, HAVANA AND SAN FRANCISCO, Attorneys and Agents of Messrs. J. S. MORGAN & CO., LONDON. SHO n T- TRIP GUIDE. —ANNO UNOEMENTS. MORTON, BLISS & CO., Bankei^s, I Broad Street, New Yorky ISSUE CIRCULAR NOTES and LETTERS OF CREDIT For Travellers ; also COMMERCIAL CRjEDITS available in all parts of the world. Negotiate First-Class Railway, City and State Loans, make Telegraphic Transfers oif Money, allow Interest on Deposits and Draw Exchange on MORTON, ROSE &- CO., London, HOTTINGUER &- CO., Paris, HOPE <5r* CO,, Amsterdam. John Munroe & Company, BANKERS, - No. 8 Wall Street^ New York, and. No. 4 Post Office ^juare, Boston, ISSUE CIRCULAR NOTES AND CIRCULAR LETTERS OF CREDIT FOR TRAVELERS, ON THE CONSOLIDATED BANK, LONDON. AND ON , MUNROE & COMPANY, PARIS. EXCHANGE ON LONDON AND PARIS, Money Transferred and Credits Opened by Cable. INSURANCE COMPANIES. SHOR T- TRIP G UIDE.—ANN'O U'NCEMBNTS. Fire Insurance Company, OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, Office, No. 1 20 Broadway, cor. Cedar St., (Equitablb Life Assurance Go's Building.) Incorporated 1852. BENJAMIN S. WALCOTT, President. I. REMSEN LANE, Secretary. C. L. ROE, Asst Secretary. Cash Assets, $1,642,882,59. AGENCIES IN ALL THE PRINCIPAL TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES. Eastern Agency Department, - - THOMAS JAMES, Actuary, Western and Southern Agency Department, " The Underwriters Agency." A. STODDART, General Ageni, ANNOUNCEMENTS. THE EQUITABLE im ASSURANCE SOCIETY OF THE UNITED STATES, No. 120 Broadwciy, New York, o Oi o T-l o r- CO 00 T— 1 T— 1 • V o o CO Go ?e o g •cSi r» cc c^ ;is » ft^ Q) ^©- ^^ Oi ^ CO CO <1 CO CO m Co I F 00 All Cash. Purely MutuaK ■o CO CO Annual Dividends. New Business among the largest of any Company in America or Europe. Average Annual Growth greater than any other leading Company. Percentage of Losses to Policies in force, less than any other. Percentage of Expenses to Income, less than thet average of other New York Companies. OFFICERS,^ HENRY B. HYDE, President, JAMES W. ALEXANDER, Vice-Pi-e^ident. SAM'L BORROWE, Secretary. WILLIAM ALEXANDER. Ass't Secretary, GEO. W. PHILLIPS, i Actuaries J. G. VAN CISE, ^ actuaries. ,, EDWARD W. LAMBERT, M. D., i Medical Examiners \ '' EDWARD CURTIiS» M. D. i Meaicat jLxaminer&. ^ AMERICAN TRAVEL SHORT- TRIP UIDE.—ANNO UN CEMENTS. The Great Trans-Continental All-Rail | Union & Central Pacific Rotite Via Council Bluffs and Omaha, IS 226 i¥li!es the SHORTEST, FROM THE ATLANTIC COAST TO SALT LAKE CITY, SACRAMENTO, SAN 7RANCISC0, AND ALL POINTS IN THE SANDWICH ISLANDS, JAPAN, NEW ZEALAND, CHINA, AUSTRALIA, INDIA, Shortest and Quickest Roitte To DENVER, COL., NEW MEXICO and ARIZONA. PULLMAN'S PALACE DAY AND SLEEPING CARS are rua on r11 Express Trains, and passengers are cautioned that only those who are ticketed via Omaha are sure of securing berths to points west ot Cheyenne. Double Berth— Omaha to Ogden, $3 ; Ogden to San Francisco, $6. To Tourists^ Pleasure and Health Seekers^ this Route offers unrivaled attractions in the beautiful Platte Valley ; the grand scenery of the Snowy Range ; the Passage of the Rocky Mountains (8,242 feet above the sea): the Laramie Plains ; the Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains ; the wild and weird Echo and Weber Canons ; the Great Salt Lake and its Mormon City, surrounded by lofty mountains, rivers filled with trout, hunting grounds, medicinal springs, etc.; the Humboldt Sink; the Sierra Nevadas- me Palisades ; the beautiful mountain lakes of Tahoe and Donner, and the passage of Cape Horn ; making a two thousand mile panorama ol unequalled grandeur and beauty. Through Tickets for sale by F. KNOWLAND, General Agent, No. 287 Broadway, New York, and at all principal ticket offices in the country Members of Colonies and Excursion Parties should address the General Ticket Agent for rates and arrangements, THOS. L. KIMBALL, Gen'l Ticket Agent, U. P. R. K., Omaha T. H. GOODMAN, G. P. A., C. P. R. R.jSan Francisco [SE3 NEXT PAGE.] SEOBT-TRIP GUIDE.— ANNO CfNCEMENTS. THE Unio7i & Central Pacific Line. TRIP AROUND THE WORLD. From ATLANTIC CITIES to OMAHA, (Nebraska), via the Great Trunk Lines of Railway, — about 1,400 miles, in 50 hours. From OMAHA to SAN FRANCISCO, (California), via Union and Central Pacific Railroads. — 1,914 miles, in 4 days and 6 hours. From SAN FRANCISCO to YOKOHAMx\, (Japan), by Pacific Mail Line Steamers, and by Australian and American Steamships, 4,700 miles, in 22 days. From YOKOHAMA to HONG KONG, (China), by Pacific Mail or Peninsular and Oriental Steamers, — 1,600 miles, in 6 days. From HONG KONG to CALCUTTA, (India), by Peninsular and Oriental Steamers, — 3,500 miles, in 14 days. Or from San Francisco to Calcutta via Australia, as follows : From SAN FRANCISCO to HONOLULU, (Sandwich Islands), by United States, New Zealand and Australia Mail Steamship Line, — 2,110 miles, in 10 days. From HONOLULU to AUCKLAND, (New Zealand), by U. S., New Zealand and Aus. S. S. Line, — 3,800 miles, in 14 days. From AUCKLAND to SYDNEY, (Australia), by U. S., New Zealand and Aus. S. S. Lme, — 1,277 miles, in 5 days. From SYDNEY to MELBOURNE, (Australia), by Pemnsular and Oriental Steamers, — 560 miles, in 3 days. From MELBOURNE to GALLE, (Ceylon), by Peninsular and Ori- ental Steamers, — 4,670 miles, in 21 days. From GALLE to CALCUTTA, (India), by Peninsular and Oriental Steamers, — 1,315 miles, in 7 days. From CALCUTTA to BOMBAY, (India), hj the East Indian and Great Indian Peninsular Railways, — 1,400 miles, m 2 daj'^s. From BOMBAY to SUEZ, (Egypt), by Pemnsular and Oriental Steamers, — 3,600 miles, in 14 days. From SUEZ to ALEXANDRIA, (Egypt), by Rail along the Suez ^anal, — 225 miles, in 12 hours. From ALEXANDRIA to BRINDISI, (Italy), by Peninsular and ^^■dental Steamers, — 850 miles, in 3 days. From BRINDISI to LONDON, (England), by Rail, via Paris or flie P'^ine, — 1,200 miles, in 3 days. From LONDON to LIVERPOOL, (England), by Railway,— aoo miles, in 5 hours.. From LIVERPOOL to ATLANTIC CITIES, (America), by either of the Great Atlantic S. S. Lines, — 3,000 miles, in 10 days. Total distance, 23, 589 miles. Time, 81 days. OFFICES: No, 287 Broadway^ New York. Cor. i^k &* Townsend 6ts., San Francisco ; and General Foreign Agency, W. C. THOMPSON, 22 Moorgate St., London, •"SEE PRECEDING PAGE.l SHOBT-TRIP GUIDE.— ANNOUNCEMENTS. THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD IS THE GREAT Mil LliS ill Mill Sim OF THE UNITED STATES. n '"RAVERSES the most interesting portions of the North American Con- tinen. and unites by unbroken tracks all the principal Cities on the Atlantic Coast ;n the Great Lakes and in the Mississippi Valley. THROUGH TRAINS ;ire run between New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, in the East, aid Buffalo, Niagara Falls, Erie, Cleveland, Toledo, Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati and Louisville, in the North, West and South-west. THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD IS THE Best Constructed Railv^ay on the American Continent. ITS MAIN LINES are laid with a DOUBLE TRACK OF STEEL RAILS. secured on Oak Ties imbedded in broken-stone ballast, which renders them impervious to the action of frosts or freshets, and prevents annoyance from dust. All bridges are of iron CAIilFOMNIA I.INE Is the shortest and best Route for all points in Northern Illinois, Iowa, Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Cali- fornia, Oregon, China, Japan and Australia. Its CMIC5ACO, ST» PACfli AN© MINNEAFOI^IS lilNE Is the short line for Northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, and for Madison. St. Paul. Minneapolis, Duluth and all points in the great Northwest. Its CMICACJ© ANH MlI/irAUMEE LINE Is the old Lake Shore Route, and is the only one passing through Evanston, Lake Forest, Highland Park, Waukegan, Racine, Ke- nosha to Milwaukee. Ftillmaii Palace Sleeping' Cars are run on all through trains on all divisions of this road. This is the ONLY LINE running these cars between Chicago and St. Paul, Chicago and Milwaukee, or Chicago and Winona. UNRIVALLED ! PUIil^MAN FAliATIAli Il»MATl'IN«^-ISOOM HOTEL C ^ These celebrated Cars are run over the Chicago <& North-Westerii R'ailioaij, AIjONEI, betvjeen Chicago and Omaha. No otlier road riiiis tltis or any otlaer form of Hotel Car toet^veeai Claicis.ii:o aiid OEiialia. This Line of Hotel Cars was built expressly for the Chicago & North- Western Railway's CAILIFOMNIA IjIKE, and runs over it daily each way between CHICAGO and COBjNCII> I5I>tJFFS. No expense has been spared in the construction of these Cars, the Cotnpany being determined to excel all former jwoductions, and pre- sent to the Traveling Public a line of Hotels on Wheels, that icill em- brace all ihe Magnificence, Comfort and Litxury of the best Hotels in the country. Through Tickets via this Route can be procured at all Ticket Offices in the United States and Canadas. New York Office, No. 415 Broadway ; Boston Office, No. & State Street ; San Francisco Office, No. 4, New Montgomery Street ; Chi- cago Ticket Offices. For rates or information not attainable from your home ticket agents, apply to W. H. Stennett, Marvin Hughitt, Gen. Pass. Ag't, Chicago. Gen. Man'g., Chicago' SEORT-TRIP GUIDE— AWNOUNCEMENTHS. ' UO^N TO GO WEST! TAKE THE CHICA&O, BURLIN&TON & QUINCY E. R. THE FAVORITE ROUTE To ALL POINTS in the WEST and SOUTH- WEST. The ONLY LINE taet^ween CHICAGO AND OMAHA running PULLMAN'S DINING CARS, PAL- ATIAL DINING AND BREAKFASTING SALOONS ON WHEELS. Sumptuous Meals for 75 oents, at thirty miles per hour, is the travel- ing climax of this progressive age, introducing novelty, and adding pleas- ure as v/ell as comfort to the usual tedium of a long journey. THROUGH DAY and SLEEPING COACHES by this route, with- out change, BETWEEN CHICAGO and OMAHA and CHICAGO and KANSAS CITV^. TRAVELERS destined to Burlington, Council Bluffs, Omaha, Lin- coln, Denver, Salt Lake, Sacratnento, San Fraiicisco. Quincy, Hannibal, St. Joseph, Atchison, Leavenworth, Lawrence, Kansas City, Topeka, or points in the Indian Territory and Texas, should consult their safety, comfort and pleasure, by procuring their tickets via C. B. cS: Q. (**THE BURLINGTON ROUTE,") for sale at all ticket offices. For rates on Freight and further information, apply at the Company's Offices: BOSTON — 222 Washington Street. NEW YORK— 317 Broadway. CHICAGO— 59 South Clark Street, and Union Depot. LIVERPOOL, England— 16 South Castle Street. LONDON " — 1 3 Queen Victoria Street. W. B. STRONG, CknH Suftf Ciicagg, E. P. RIPLEY, Gtti'l Eastern Agent fNexo York and Bi>mn. ANNO UMCEMENT3. BOUND BROOK ROUTE, Fast Tiiiiel Elegant Cars ! lm)[\\ Track ! h Smoke nor Dust! Are the apeciaJties of this Eoute. SEVEN DAILY THROUGH TRAINS (^t^Sv) With Parlor and Sleeping? Cars, Between Philadelphia and New York. TRY THE NIC^V X^INIC I -Passenger Depot in New York : Central R, R. of New Jer- sey, foot of Liberty Street, Norili River. Passenger Depot in Pliiladel[)bia : North Penna. R. R., Third and Berks Sts. F. H. SAYLOR, Gen. Manager. NORTH PE N N SYLVANITbAI Lfi OAI). THIS SHORT AND FAVORITE ROUTE FROM PHILADELPHIA TO NIAGARA FALLS, Passing through the beautiful Lehigh, Wyoming and Susquehanna Valleys, contains some of the most picturesque scenery in the coun- try. Passengers have privilege of visiting en rente such celebrated places of resort as Bethlehem, Mauch Chunky Switchback, Wilkes- barre, Scranton, Ithaca, Geneva, Auburn, Seneca Lake, Rochester^ Buffalo, Clifton Springs, &c. EXCURSION TICKETS AT REDUCED RATES, to all principal Watering Places in the NORTHERN STATES and CANADA, First-class equipment, Parlor and Sleeping Cars, smooth track and entire freedom from dust and smoke, are the specialties of this route. ' PASSENGER DEPOT IN PHILADELPHIA, Corner of THIRD and BERKS STS. Ticket Offices, S. E. cor. Fifth and Chestnut Streets^ 732 Chestnut St,, cor.. Sth St., and 1351 Chestnut St.^ corner of Broad. ELLIS CLARK, Gen. Agent. ANNO UN CEMENTS. f EW Jersey Southern RAILEOAD LINE. Tlxe only Line between New York and Pliiladelpliia. VIA LONG BK.VXCH AND THE SEA SHOKE. Favorite Route for Monmouth Pakk, Toms EiVER, Wakktowx, BAKXKrtAT. FoiJKKD River, TUCKliKTON, liOns Branch, Ocean Orove, Beach. Haven, Htghlaxds, Skabuight, MoxMouTii Beach, Ek.d Bank, Eaiontowx, BuiCKbBUKG. ee The fast and favorite Steamer "JESSE HO YT." The magnificent floating palace ««JiM]?lS3i gSjL,®B, Five trips per day, during the pleasure-season. (See daily papers and bills, for time-tables.) :o: Depot in New York, Pier 8, N. R , foot of Eector Street ; in Plailadel- pbia, foot Market Street, and TOO & 732 Chestnut Street. W. S. SNEDEN, General Manager. CHAS. P. McFABDIN, Gen. Ticket Agent. SHORT^TRIP GUIDE.--ANN0UNCEMENT8. THE ATLJINTICCO/STLIPII^AILWAY. TO FLORIDA, NEW ORLEANS AND THE SOUTH. THE QUICKEST ROUTE TO Columbia, Aiken, Augusta, Charleston, Savannah, Jacksonville, Ms con, Columbus, Montgomery,' Mobile, E"ew Orleans, South-West Georgia, AND ALL ATLANTIC COAST LINE CITIES. 64 hours to New Orleans and 14^ hours quicker to JACK- SONVILLE, FJorida, than any other railway line between the NOBIH AND SOUIH. Pullman Sleeping Cars on all night trains, and Parlor Cars by day. Baggage checked through to destination. TICKETS GOOD UNTIL USED. Through Tickets via this Line, chairs, berths and sections in parlor and sleeping cars secured, and all information, given in NEW YORK, A.t Atlantic Coast Iiine Office, 229 Sroadway, Opposite Netv Post Office, 261, 315, 526 Broadway; No, 1 Astor House; at the offices of the New York Transfer Co., 944 Broadway, and at offices of Pennsylvania R. R. Co., foot of Cortlandt and Dcsbrosses Sts. ; Dodd's Express, No. 4 Court St., Brooklyn. IN JERSEY CITY, Pennsylvania Mailroad Depot. IN PHiLAwELFHIA, 700 Chestnut St. ; 838 hes'nut St. : S. E. cor. B oad and Chestnut Sts., and at Philadelphla,Wilmington & Baltimore R. R. Depot, cor. Broad and Prime Sta. IN BALTIMOt^g, At Atlantic Coast ILine Office, ^o. 9 German Street, W. H. FITZGERALD, Agent. S E. cor. West Brltimore and Calvert Sts ; N. E. cor. West Baltimore and Calvert Sts. ; 1.^7 Baltimoro St. ; at Camden Station, Baltimore & Ohio K. R. ; Baltimore & Potomac R. R. ; also, at Niagara Falls, Co nandaigua, Elmira, Syracuse, Buffalo, and all intermedials points on Northern Central R. R. U4 WASHINGTON, 602 Pennsylvania Ave. ; cor. Sixth St. and Pennsylvania Ave. ; cor. Thirteenth St. and Pennsylvania Ave. ; Depot Alexandria & Fredericksburg Railway ; on board Potomac Steamers, foot of Seventh St. I'H RICHA^OVD, Apply at office of Richmond & Petersburg R. R.. orat Garber & Co.'s, No, 826 Mala St., and Exchange Hotel. A. POPE, Geii'l Pass, and Ticket Igent. ANNO UNGEMENTS. m cm, Mffiiii I \i m\ mm Is the Great Through Line! CHICAQO-NORTHWEST, Wisconsin, Korti^ern lom, Minnesota, DaKoti, lanitoDa and ilie BlacK Hills, And ii tlie only Company owning a line of Eailway — FKOM- It is also tie ONLY RAlLfAY COMPANY Dy wliose Line ARE OR CAN BE ISSUED Via CHICAGO and MILWAUKEE, —TO — Watertown, Sparta, La Crosse,Wiiiona, St. Paul and Minnfapolis; or Madison, Prairie du Cliien, McGregor, Charles City,Ma!iOii City. Austin, Owatonna, St. Paul and Minneapolis. Tickets to St.. Paul and Minneapolis by this road are good either via Madison, McGregor, Owatonna and Faribault, or via Waiertown, Suai'ta, La Crosse and Winona. It is the ONLY RAIL ROUTE to these celebrated SUMMER RESORTS and Business Centres, viz : PEWATJKEE, HARTLAWD, NASHOTAK, OCONOMO"WOC. Port- age, KiL^OURN CITY, Tomali, WAUKESHA, PALMYEA, Whitewater, Bro^'head, Monroe, Edgerton, Lone Rock, Eoscobel, Horicon, Beaver Lam, Fox Lake, Waupun, Berlin and Winneconne in Wisconsin; Calmar, Decorali and Algona, in Iowa; Wabasha, Read's Landing, Lake City, FRONTENAC, Red Wing, Easting's, Faribault, Farmington. PitlOR LAKE and Glencoe, in Minnesota. Watering Places and Siunmer Resorts in Capitals. Chicago Dkpot, corner Canal and West Madison S^s. Horse Cars and Stage Lines for all parts of the city constantly passing. Ghicaro City Office, 61 and 63 Clark St. ^^ Palace Sleepinjs: Cars and Day Coaches, with Westinghonse's Improved Automatic Air- Brake on all throuijh trams. S. S. MERRILL, A. V. H. CARPETs^TER, General Manager. Gen. Ptss. and Ticket Atr«Qt. JNO. C. GAULT, Asft. General Manager. SHOE T- TRIP G UIDE—ANNO UN CEMENTS. 1.Q77. HUDSON RIVER DAYLIGHT. Albany and New York DAY LINE OF STEAMBOATS. The fast, commodious and favorite steamers, ^'C. VIBBARD," AND "DANIEL DREW/' LEAVING NEW YORK FROIVl FOOT OF VESTRY ST., Pier 39 North River,. AND ALBANY FROM FOOTOF HAMILTON ST DAILY, SUNDAYS EXCEPTED^ (Fer time^ see Neav- York dctily fapers.) Landing- at ths Prircipal Points on tise Hudson Kiver. Affords the best mode of enjoying: THE UNSUEPASSED SCENERY, And of reaching the . Catskill Mountain H&use, And all points West by if. Y. CENTHAL E. E. ISAAC L. "WELSH, General Ticket Agent, New York. ANNO UNGEMENT8. AFTERNOON BOAT NEW YORK TO WEST POINT, NEWBURG, RONDOUT AND KINGSTON THE SPLENDID AND FAVORITE STEAMER MAR V POM/ ELL Leaves New York, every afternoon at 3.30, from VESTRY STREET PIER, for WEST POINT, NEWBURG, POUGHKEEPSIE, RONDOUT and KINGSTON; landing at CORNWALL, MILTON, and other popular places ; passing Through the Highlands by Daylight, and affording unequalled facilities for reaching the places named, and enjoying the noble scenery of the Hudson. dt^^This always magnificent Steamer, just refitted at great cost, and with large additional power, is now the type FLOiTIia PALACE OF AMERICAN EIYERb. Returning, leaves Rondout every morning at 5.30 A. M., rea,ching New York at 10.30. 8H0BT- TRIP G UIDE. —ANNO UNGEMENT8. sscxJc. 'e'Tgennes^ W/fc*t [RUTLAND ■gngEte^Vs^ PEOPLE'S LINE ST. ALBANS STEAMERS BETWEEN New York and Albany. Rooms heated by steam during the cool months. New York to Albany^ STEAMERS DREW, D.BICHMOHD, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday .^ Monday, Wednesday, Friday, From Pier 41, North River, (Near Jersey City Ferry, Desbrosses Street.) AT 6:00 P. M. { Connecting with Trains of New ra?w6y^| York Central, Albany & Susque- I hanna, Rensselaer & Saratoga, and K Boston & Albany Railways ; and vnche. Lake Champlain Steamers. ^^aldm, I pw^ Ticket.-^ at the Office on the \ 7 -r. - ' Wharf; also at Dodd's Express Of- -r.Ben'ny ^^^^^ ^^^ Broadway, New York, and ^oo»,- Pj No. I Court Sireet, Brooklyn. -^^ ! j^= Passengerr, leaving Wash- ington at 8.C0 A. M., Baltimore at 9.25 A. M., Philadelphia at i.jo P.M., arrive in New York at 5. ij P. M., in time to connect as above, Albany to N'ew York, STEAMERS D.RICHMOND, DREW, Monday, Wednesday. Friday, Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, From Steamboat Landing, AT 8:15 P.M.. On arrival of Trains from North and West. Cars from Saratoga and the North go to the boats. ^"'Tickets to Philadelphia. Bal- timore, and Washington City, for sale on the Boats. Hudson River Railroad Tickets TAKEN FOR PASSAGE, including Statfi- Room Berth. S. E. MAYO, Gen'l Pass. Agt.^ Neiv York. AMERICAN HOTELS. ANNO UNGEMENT8. WINDSOR HOTEL, Fifth Avenue, FORTY-SIXTH and FORTY-SKVENTH STREETS, New York City. One of the most elegant, costly and perfect Hotels in America. HAWK, WAITE & WETHERBEE, Proprietors. BREVOORT HOUSE, FIFTH AVENUE, Near WASHINGTON SQUARE, NEW YORK. A quiet Hotel, with a Restaurant of peculiar excel- lence. Its patrons are of the best families of this country and Europe. C. C. WAITE, Resident Proprietor, SHOBT-TKLP GULDE.'-AN NOUN CEMENTS. WEST END HOTEL, Long Branch, N. J. PRESBURY &* HILDRETH, Proprietors. GEO. G. PRESBURY, JR. D. M, HILDRETH, SHORT-TRIP GUIDE.— ANNOUNCEMENTS. HOWLAND'S HOTEL, Long Branch, N. J. HENRY ROWLAND & SON, Managers. One of the oldest established houses on the Long Branch shore ; recently rebuilt with all modern im- provements ; and for many years } FII|ST FAYOI|ITE/S A FAMILY HOTEL. Coaches at all Trains during the Season, PAVILION HOTEL, LiOng Branch, N. J. SAMUEL C. MORRIS, Proprietor. This House is situated on the margin of the Atlan- tic Ocean, embracing a front of over two hundred and fifty feet. Families wishing to spend the season at a watering place can be accommodated in the most comfortable manner and on moderate terms. Particular attention paid to the comfort ot Ladies. COACHES AT ALL TRAINS. SHOR r. TBIP Q UIDE—ANNO UNCEMENT8. COZZENS' HOTEL, Y/EST Point, N. Y. GOODSELL BROTHERS, Proprietors. Coaches will await the arrival of every Train and Steam. BOAT at COZZENS' DOCK TO CONVEY PASSENGERS TO THE Hotel Passengers via Hudson River R. R. should stop at GARRISON'S STATION, AND TAKE FERRY BOAT TO COZZENS' LANDING. Hotel entirely refitted and redecorated. PRICES REDUCED TO ACCORD WITH THE TIMES. KITTATINNY HOUSE^ Delaware Water-Gap, PENNSYLVANIA. The original and favorite house at the Water-Gap, with a charming location, every comfort and convenience, and a summer list of visitors averaging three thousand. WATER-GAP HOUSE. More modern house, erected in 1S72, on ground still higher than the Kittatinny, and commanding unequalled views of the fine natural scenery of the Gap. L. W, BRODHEAD &» BRO., Proprietors. ANNOUNCEMENTS. THE CONTINENTAL HOTEL PHILADELPHIA . J. E. KINGSLEY & CO., Propirietors. One of the largest and most magnificent -Hotels in America, located on . ■ CHESTNUT ST., COR. NINTH, At the actual centre of the city and convenient to places of amusement and all points of interest. Has 500 rooms ; passenger elevator ; two great lines of telegraph to all points ; every variety of carriage facility ; is passed by street cars, and oifers every attention, alike for the hurried visits of the tourist or for more leisurely residence. SHORT- TRIP G UIDE.—AI^NO UNGEMENTS. LA PIERRE HOUSE, BROAD ST., NEAR CHESTNUT, PHILADELPHIA, J. B BUTTE RWORTH, Proprietor. 3^^ Passenger Lift, Telegraph Office, and all modern improvements and luxuries. MOUNT VERNON HOTEL, 8 1 West Monument Street, BALTIMORE. Conducted 07i the European Plan, This superb edifice, located in the most fashionable part of the city, is now open for the reception of guests. Its appointments are of the most approved character, and the tables are supplied with every luxury this and foreign markets afford. It has heretofore been patron- ized extensively by European travellers, as well as by men of eminence and distinction of this country. SHORT-TRIP GUIDE— ANNOUNCEMENTS. I ..ill '11.' I I. J THE WJSHI^'GTOJY, (D. C. Admitted to be the most thoroughly enjoyable of all the hotels of the National Metropolis, in location, ar- rangement and management. T. ROESSLE & SON, Ozvners and Proprietors, IN CONNECTION, THE Fort William Flenry Hotel, LAKE QEO(RGE, JSf. Y. This magnificent house is located at the most beauti- ful spot on the shore of *^ Horicon " (the site of old Fort William Henry) ; is fitted with all modern conven- iences, and has accommodation for nine hundred persons. Open June 1st, 1877, with Reduced Terms. To Boarders for the Season, $15.00, $17.50 and $21.00 per week, accordhior to location of rooius ; Tbansient Guests, $4,00 per day. A WJSrO umjEMEJ^TS. MOORE'S HOTEL. TRENTON FALLS, ,„»^__ '^^^^ York. This first-class hotel is located immediately in the neigh- borhood of these, the handsomest Falls in America, and among the finest in the World ; and from it every facility is to be obtained for viewing them to advantage. M. MOORE, Proprietor. y AN'N'OUNGEMENTS. Largest and most pleasantly situated of any at Niagara ; nearest to the Falls, and the only one containinjr all modern improvements. New RIVER PARLORS extending lOO feet over the Rapids, and commanding unequalled view. OMNIBUSES AND POETERS AT ALL TBAINS, Railroad, Steamboat and Telegraph Offices in the Hotel, Prices Reduced to Suit the Times. SHORT-TRIP GUIDE— ANNOUNCEMENTS. THE RUSSELL HOUSE, DETROIT, Michigan. WITBECK, CHITTENDEN ^ CO., Proprietors^ This Hou-se, liandsomely as well a« convexiiently situ- ated in the most eligible portion oi the admittedly beau- tiful " City of the Straits," enjoys the reputation of being one of the HOTEL ATTRACTIONS OF THE NORTH-WEST, And the peculiarity of being visited by People of Distinction^ American and Foreign, To a degree seldom equalled elsewhere. All Modern Conveniences and Elegancies SIIORT-TBir &mDE.—ANNOUNGEMENT&: i-v — ■-» _ T H E GRAND PACIFIC HOTEL, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U. S. A. One of the largest (having over 500 Fooms), best arrangccfy, finest ventilated and most elegantly furnished Hotels in. America.. Has all the different safeguards against fire^ which makes it PRACTICALLY FIRE PROOF. With a froniage east, soath, west and norttl of over 1,000 feet. Prices according to location of rooms^ but on moderate scale to> accord with the times. }OHN B. DRAKE & CO.,. Proprietors. A jSTNO UNGEMENTS. BEOBT-TMIP GUIDE— ANNOUNCEMEWTB. THE LINDELL HOTEL. BUSINESS AND SOCIETY HOTEL OF GRISWOLD, CLEMENT & SCUDDER, Proprietors. SnOB T- TRIP G UIDE. —ANNO UNCEMENTS. CLIFTON HOUSE, Niagara Falls* {Canada Side.) COLBURN & McOMBER, Proprietors. Has advantages over all others, in the unequaled view of the Falls and Rapids, to be obtained from the windows and piazzas of the Hotel. Rooms en suite or singly. Superior accommodations for families spending the season. Transient board at reasonable terms. Commutation Tickets for passing over the New Suspension Bridge, immediately adjoining. Atteiidance excellent, and rates moderate. THE Russell House, OTTAWA, Canada. This Hotel is the largest and only first-class house in the city. It is fitted, furnished and kept as an unexceptional first-class Hotel, combining modern elegance, comfort and economy. It has ample accommodation for five hnndred guests, ■ and is delight- fully and centrally situated, being in close proximity to the Parlia- ment Buildings, the Post Office, and all the points of interest. A NNO UNCEMENT-- One of the Largest Hotels in the Dominion of Canada, and the most convenient to the Great Western, Union and JSTorthern Railway Stations, Steamboat Piers, and the business portion of the city. Stands on Front Street, between Bay and York ; has every modern convenience, accom- modation for 500 guests ; Lawn, Croquet Grounds, &c.; has received the Grand Duke Alexis, Lord Dufferin (Governor-General), and many other distinguished persons ; and is selected by Cook for reception of his tourists in Canada. SEOR T- TRIP UIBE—ANNO UNCEMENT8. Natural Bridge Hotel. ROCKBRIDGE CO., VIRGINIA. A. LEAR, Superintendent. This commodious and well-situated Hotel is in the immediate neighbor- hood of that unparalleled ivor.dcr of nature^ the NATURAL BRIDGE^ admitted to be among the grandest of the rock-works of the continent and far superior to the world-famed Giant's Causeway of Ireland. The Hotel olfers comfortable accommodations for loo guests, and offers a pleasant Summer Home for families. Connections to the Bridge and Hotel, by stage from Goshen Depot of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad; by stage from Bonsack's, Ohio and Mississippi Railroad; by stage from Gilmore's Mill, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, from Lynchburg and Richmond. Pavilion "Hotel, berkeley springs, West Virginia. . JOHK T. TREGO, Proprietor. The Pavilion is the leading house of this old and justly celebrated Bathing and Watering Place ; is laige, commodious and well kept, and supplies the PLEy^S/NTEST SUMMER RESORT I^YIRGINI/. ^P" The most extensive and perfectly arranged Medicinal Baths ia America, connected with the Hotel. ^^ Accessible by Btage-ride of 2>^ miles, from Sir John's Eim, sta- tion of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, from Baltimore, Washinston or the West. AMERICAN SPECIALTIES. ANNO UNCEMENTS. j!^OOK, ^OJM 8f JeJNKIN^, He. 2S1 Broadway^ Hsw York City. Excursion Tickets foi* all Routes in America, (including California, with Salt Lakk City, YosSMite Valley, tlie Geysers, ^(icretari/. Asst. Sec\t/ Campbell Printing Press AND OFFICE,. iVb. 39 BeeJtmaii Btreet^ New Yorlz. FACTORY, Wytlie Avenue, Heioes and Penn Streets^ BrooUyiu E. B., JSf. Y. MANUFACTURERS OF Sotary Jerfscting Printing & Folding Machines* ALSO Cyliridex" ^Px^esses FOR, Book, Newspaper, Job, Color & Wood-Ciift Printing, The Campbell Presses are Endorsed by the Leading Printers and Publishers in the United States, Highest Award at the Philadelphia CentenniaL SEN© FOK It.IiUSTI£ATED CATAIiOGUE, 8I10R T- TRIP UIBE—ANNO UNCEMEJS! TS. 1846. THIRTY-SECOND YEAR. 1877. THE HOME JOURNAL, ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. ^''The Best Literary and Society Paper in America." Its leading departments comprise Editorials on topics of fresh interest ; Brilliant Romances, and Portraitures of American Life; Editorial Re- views of new events in the world of Belles-Lettres, Painting, Sculpture, Science, Music, '^nd the Drama ; Original Essays ; Ample Excerpts from the best European Writers ; iplcy Letters from Correspondents in all the great Capitals of the World ; Copious Extracts from New Books ; and racy accounts of sayings, happenings and doings in the Beau Monde ; embracing the very freshest matters of interest in ;his country and in Europe— the whole completely mirroring the wit and wisdom, the humor and pathos, the news and sparkling gossip of the times. SUBSCRIPTION. Subscribers will receive back numbers when desired. FREE OF POSTAGE, Thk Home Journal alone, one copy, one year $3'Oo J copies, one year h.va 6 " " " 9.00 TERMS FOR CLUBS: The Home Journal and any $4 periodical (either Harper's Magazine, Harper's Weekly, Harper's Bazar, Atlantic Monthly, Scribner's Monthly, The Galaxy, Lippincott's Magazine, Appleton's Journal, Frank Leslie's Ladies' Journal, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, Blackwood's Magazine, Westminster Review, or any of the English Quarterlies republished here) will be sent for $5-a?, Ihe full price being $7. St. Nicholas for $4.50 ; full rates, $6.00. Littell's Living Age for $8.75 ; full price, $11. Subscriptions will take date immediately, or at any time subscribers prefer. Address the proprietors and publishers, MORRIS PHILLIPS & CO., No. 3 Park Place, New Y&rk, ANNO UNCEMENTS. THE HIGHEST HONORS ■ ■oe:n'teis^fial exhibition. ' •■ The Judges unanimously recommended tlie ENDELSSOHN PIANOS DIPLOIVIA OF HONOR AND MEDAL OF MERIT, Placing" them in the Front Rani: without a Su2:>erior. -FMECES M]E1.©"W COMPE^ITTiON, FOR STRICTLY FIRST-CLASS INSTRUMENTS. $600 tor $250. $G50 for $275. $700 for $300. $750 for $325. $800 I'or $350. $900 for $400. $1,000 for $450.- ,N0 COMMISSIONS TO AGENTS. NO DISCOUNTS TO TEACHERS. NO DEVIATION IN PRICK THE MENDELSSOHN GRAND, SQUARE AND UPRIGHT PIANOS contain vahiable patentsaud improvements never before introduced. Mathushek's New Patent Duplex Overstrung Scale is the greatest advance in the history of Piano making, producing xhe most astonisliing poiver, richness and depth of tone, and a sus- taining singing quality never before attained, being a '' Gsaxd Piano IN A Square Case. " THE MEIS^DELSSOHK UPRIGHTS are the finest in America, They are pronounced the "Pianos of the Future/'' Manufactory aEid IVarerooms : Kos. ^90, 492, 494, 496 and 498 West Fifty-seventh St., Nos. 858, 860, 862, 864, 868 and 870 Tenth Avenue, PIANOS SENT ON TRIAL. Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue mailed free. MENIJEliSSOMN PIANO CO., Business Office, No. 56 BROADWAY, K Y. SHORT-TBIP eUIiyE—ANNOUNCEMEJS'TS. THE SPUR OF MONMOUTH OR. Washington in Arms. A Historical and Centennial ROMANCE OF THE REVOLUTION, From Personal Recollections and Documents never before made Public. By an Ex-Pension Agent. Tliird. Kldition. I^Jo-w Keady ! BY CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, Publishers ani> Booksellers, 624 to 628 M ar k e. t* Sir eet ^ PHILADELPHIA. • SHORT- TRIP O VIBE. —ANNO UNCEMENTS, HELMBOLD'S TEMPLE OF PHARMACY, CONTINENTAL HOTEL, PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. PRESCRIPTIONS Carefully compounded with Pure Drugs and Chemicals, IMPORTER OF French, German and English Perfumery, Soaps, Pomades, Toilet Articles, &c. COMPLETE LINE OF LADIES' REQUISITES. Principal Agent of ATKINSON'S, LUBIN'S AND LETCHFORD'S PERFUMERY. SoLB Aghnt for GOLDEN HAIR FLUID, L^AUREOLINE DE ROBARE. Patronage of the public is respectfully solicited. ALBERT L HELMBOLD. principal Depot for the sale of Helmbold's Genuine Preparations • • Helmbold s Extract Buchu, " Extract Sarsaparilla. " Improved Rose Wash & Catawba Pflls. OPEN ALL NIGHT. SHORT- TRIP G UIDE—ANNO UNGEMENTS. RAVELERS UFFICIAL VjUIDE OF THE RAILWAYS k STEAM ^VIGATION LINES IN THE UNITED STATES & CANADA^ The only Guide recognized by the United States Government, and. Miilroad officers, as the standard authority for time, distances, and other statistics relative to railroads. i^ubIjISHkid ]M:o:isrTia:i:.^^, under the auspices of the General Ticket Agents' Association', and sold by all news agents and periodical dealers throughout the United States and Caiada; also, at the various railroad depots and on trains. This is the best advertising medium in the countrv, and from iis krge circulation, affords unusual advantages to merchants and manufacturers, PMICE JPJEK COPY, SOc; PEJt TJE:AM, $4.00, For further particulars, as to prices of advertising, &c., application should be made to the NATIONAL RAILWAY PUBLICATION CO., 23S Soteth Fifth St,, Fhiladelphia, JPa-r u Official Time-Tables; A New Monthly Publication of about 200 Pages, CONTAINING, IN A CONDENSED FORM, TiME-TaBLES OF THE Railway and Steam Navigation Lines of the United States & Canada. The afternoon trains are distinguished from the morning trains by the use of a peculiar style of type for each. Telegraph Stations are desig- nated, and the population of each place noted. A short description of each city, giving its business interests, lists of kotels, &c., is also- Incorporated, A new, handsome, and accurate colored railway map is bound in each. PRICE f^5 CENTS PER COPY, NATIONAL RAILWAY PUBLICATION CO. PHILADEL.PHIA-.2S3 South Fifthi Street. CHieAGO~96 Dearborn Streets ANNO UNCEMEXTS. ZELL'S ENCYCLOPEDIA. Price, complete, - - - $37. BO. A.^so Sold ill Nos. at 50c, each. The shape of the book, type, plan of the work, &c., have been made to produce the greatest amount of matter in the smallest space, and at the lowest cost. The amount of printed matter is equal to that of the largest Encyclopedia published by an American firm. While every essential fact and date is included in each article, yet every subject is so condensed that our Encyclopedia has five times as many articles as the most voluminous ones. This gives not only the convenience of compactness, but enables you to make references in so short a time that you are tempted to look them up when your interest is aroused, and they are thus fastened in your mind. B. AV. BOND, Jfo, 5 Beekman Sf,, NEW YORK CITY. ANNO UNCEMENTS. NEW YORK BUREAU FOB MINING INFORMATION, No. 60 BROADWAY, (Over Ame7'ican Mining and StocJc Exchange.) Ne"%w ITork. This Bureau has been established to supply a daily increasing M^ant of the Mining Interest of America. It has reliable Corres- pondents in all the Mining localities, and, while encouraging these great interests, wiU fearlessly expose all attempts to deceive the public with worthless investments in this class of property. TKe JSllritrLg RecoT'cL, OF THE NEW YORK BUREAU FOR MINING INFORMATION, Price $3.00 per Annur>x, in advance^ will be the official mouthpiece of the Bureau, and will be published every Thursday. Subscribers to The Mining Record will be en- titled to all the privileges of the Bureau. Reliable Assays of all kinds of Ore will be made when ordered, and Experts will be pro- vided to examine Mines and Mining Property. All communications will meet with prompt response. For fur- ther particulai-s, address AliEX. KOBT. CmSHOIiM, Manager. N. B.— Liberal arrangements made with reliable Cor- respondents and Experts. CLYDE'S COASTWISE, WEST INDIA & PACIFIC STEAM LINES BETWEEN NEW YORK AND Havana, Cuba j Hayti and St. Domingo j Galveston, Texas j Charleston, S. C. ; Wilmington, N. C. ; Philadelphia, Pa. . PHILADELPHIA Boston and Providence; Charleston, S. C. ; Norfolk and Rich- mond, Va. ; Alexandria ; and Washington, D. C. Neto Orleans, La.; Cedar Keys ©* Key West, F/a.; Sf Havana, Cuba. NEW YORK AND CALIFORNIA LINE, Via Isthmus of Panama, Connecting with Lines on the Pacific Coast for Japan, China, Australia, New Zealand, British Columbia, Central America and South Pacific Ports, WM. P. CLYDE & CO., 12 South fVharvet, Ehtla.^ Pa. No. 6 Boivling Green, N. Y