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', ,0 o^ ^'^ -e. .c:^ .^r^::--. ^.# V- .V^<^^°': ^. w ■s„.,^- o ^^^^ ' -^c^^ i^ \- \^'^ Newark is the capital of Essex County, the chief city in the State of New Jersey, the fourteenth city of the Union in point of population, the third manufac- turing city in the United States, in the aggregate im- portance of Its manufactures and one of the leading cities of the country in the extent and variety of its manufactured jjroducts. There are over 2,400 firms engaged in manufactures in this city, and over twelve hundred distinct branches of manufacture carried on within its limits. The history of Newark dates back about 225 years, when the place was first settled by a colony of sturdy New Englanders. Nearly or quite forty years after the landing of the Pilgrims on the rock- bound shores of New England, the religious differences of opinion among the colonists of Plymouth and adjacent settlements, had increased to such an ex- tent, that it was thought best by some of the leading spirits of two of the towns of the colonies, that new fields should be occupied, and fuller opportunities given for the cultiva- tion of religious thought and action. The New Netherlands, now known as New York, that had been discovered and occupied by the Dutch in the early part of the centur,-, appeared in the judgment of the Puritans of New England, who were seeking for fresh fields and pasture new, to be best adapted for the planting and culture of that form of ecclesiastical polity known as the Congregational form of Church •Government. The fame of the goodly land of the ".A.chter Kull," as the country that lay beyond the ^'Noordt River," as the Hudson river was then styled, had reached New England, and the settlers at Branford and Milford in Connecticut, appointed a committee to investigate the possibilities of founding a colony in this region of the "Achter Kull," beyond "Noordt River." A correspondence was opened between this committee and Petrus Stuyvesant, the then Governor General of the New Netherlands 4 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. which finally resulted in the settlement of "Our Towne on the Passayak." The committee made the following proposition to the Cxovernor-General of the New Netherlands: That if a church or churches of English shall be planted in the place propounded they may be allowed by the Authoritie of the high and mighty Lords & States-General ot"^ the Umted Prvmces m the Netherlands, in Europe and whh the approbation of the Bewindhebbers of the West India Compame o enjoy all such powers, priviledges and liberties in the Congregation allway as they have enjoyed them m New England, above twentie yeares paste without any disturbance Impedin't or Impositions of any other forms, orders or customs to be observed by them: 2nd That if the English Churches planted under the Dutch Government, shall consent to consoci- ate for mutuall helpf ullnes : They may be allowed by the Authorety & with the approbation aforesaid soe to doe and to call a synod and then to establish by comon concent such orders according to scriptue as xnay be requisite for the suppressing of haeresies, schismes and false worships, and for the establshm t of The Centre Market Entrance. Truth wth peace in those English Churches. And that the Governor .& Courts at New-Amsterdam shall protect the said English Churches and Synods from any that oppose them or be Injurious to them. ^d— The English planters doe desire that they may have Libertie and power by ye Authority & with ve approbation afoesaid to have the ordering of all Judicatore and of all their civell affaires within them- selves to chuse their owne magestrates and all other officers and constitute and keep Courts and make all such lawes and orders as they shall f^nd most suitable to their condition and welfare m that place And that all persons planters and others, for the time they are amongst them wthin their prcmcts, shall.be bound to acquiesce in all their laws, orders, sentences and appointmts of any of their owne Court or Courts and officers determindtely according to such orders and lawss as are or shall be from time to time agreed uoon & ennacted by them and unto their sentencess made & verdicts declared without appeales to Any Other Vuthoritv or jurisdiction. This power the English in America withm New England have had NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 5 and exercised in all cauces by the graunt of the late King of England, Charles the First, as is to be seen in his majestie's letters pattent about twentie years to-gether. And it is much more necessary that they have it under the Dutch (whose lawes they know not nor understand their language, and the way and manner of their exercising this their sole power.) We purpose according to the fundamentalis received in New Haven Collonie wch are in print to be seen (or the most of them) so far as we shall find it will alike suite Christs' ends and oru conditions there. 4 — That all the lands agreed for be clearly and undeniably purchassed of the Indians by an Athentik Instrum't or Instrum'ts, and that wee may have one of them in our custody, and that the hands Northwest Corner Broad and Market Street. of those Indians that have ye natural! and civill sight be subscribed and soe owned by them in the pres- ence of English, Dutch and Indians, as lawfully bought and sould, and that then these lands shall be made ye prpr Inheritance of the English Planters, and their posteritie for ever by the Authoritie and pow'r with the approbation afoesaid according to all prsent and future orders, graunts and agreem'ts or devisions of all soch lands so bought as shall be made by the English alone amongst them themselves by pr'sons Intrusted and empowerd by them for such affaires. 9 5— That noe Inhabitants be put upon by the Dutch, but that we have the sole power of disposeing 6 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. our lands and entertaineing or rejecting all Inhabitants according to agreemts that shall from time to time amongst ourselves. 6 — That the English Planters in the aforesaid places by Authoritie, and with approbation afore- said, may have equal liberties of tradeing with the Duch in all respects, they paying all lawfull dues and customs as the Duch do, or wth any other whomsoever. 7 — Our humble desire is the pr'niies being granted by those in Holland or to whom the Pattent and power of such grants appertaineth may be declared and ratified by an Authenticall Instrum't signed and sealed by the Pattentees in Europe, if it remaines with them. And that a coppie of it so signed and Northeast Corner Broad and Market Street. sealed and Authentically Attested may be procured for the English Planted under the Duch, to be by them kept among their publique Records for ye benefit of Posteritie. The Director-General and Council of the New Netherlands, agreed to the first two propositions and also to the third, with certain modifications. The fourth and si.xth propositions were granted, and it was stated in regard to the fifth proposition, that none of the towns in the New Netherlands are "troubled with Inhabitance, the which doe not Lyke her or her Magistrates. The outcome of these negotiations was that in the Spring of i666, two diminutive vessels after care- fully passing from the harbor of New York, through the Kill von Cull, and into Newark bay, ascended the Pasaic river and landed their passengers on the shore of that river, where the city of Newark now stands. On the 23d and 24th of June, 1664, the Duke of York had transferred what now constitutes New NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 7 Jersey to Lords Berkley and Carteret. Philip Carteret, a nephew of Lord Carteret, was appointed Gover- nor, and on arriving in New Jersey, took up his residence in Elizabeth. The Governor dispatched messengers to New England, who made known to the colonists there the fact that they would be wel- come to New Jersey, and would receive civil and religious privileges no where excelled. Tradition has it that the colony which came from Milford numbered about thirty persons, male and female. A treaty was made on the 21st of May 1666 with the Indians by which the land on which Newark stands was purchased. The Indian bill of sale sets forth that Wapamuck and Wanvesene, Peter Captamni, Wecaprokikan, Napsann, Pesawae, Lessom, Mamustome, Cacanakque and Harish, Indians belonging now to Hakinsae the proprietors of a certain tract of land lying on the west of Pesayak river, sell to Obadiah Buen, Samuel Ketchell, Michael Tompkins, John Browne and Robert Denison, "a certain tract of Land, Upland and Meadows of all sorts, Wether Swamps, Rivers, Brooks, Springs, Fishings, Trees of all sorts Quaries and Mines, or meatals of what sort soever. With full liberty of hunting and fishing upon the same, excepting Liberty of hunting for the above said proprietors that were upon the upper common, and of fishing in the above said Pesayak River, which said tract of Land is bounded and Limited with the bay Eastward and the great River Pesayak, Northward, the great Creke or River, in the meadow running to the head of the Cove, and from thence bareing a West line for the South bounds, wh said Great Creek is commonly called, and known by the name Weequachick, on the West Line backwards in the Countryi to the foot of the great mountaine called Watchung, being as is Judged about seven or eight miles from Pesayak towne, the said Mountaine as Wee are Informed, hath one branch of Elizabeth towne River run- ning near the above said foot of the Mountaine; the bunds Northerly, viz: Pesayak river reaches to the Third River above the towne, ye river is called Yauntakah, and from thence upon a North West line to the aforesaid Mountaine." The deed also sets forth that "these lands are thus sold and delivered for and in consideration of fifty double hands of powder, one hundred barres of lead, twenty axes, twenty Gates, ten Guns, twenty Pistolls, ten Kettles, ten Swords, four blankets, four barrels of beere, ten paire of breeches, fifty knives, twenty howes, eight hundred and fifty fathem of wampen, two Ankors of Licquers, or something Equivolent, and three troopers Coates." An extract from the original towne records of Newark sets forth that on the 21st day of May, 1666, at a meeting of persons from Milford, Guilford and Branford it is agreed to make one township according to fundamentals mutually agreed upon, and that they desire to be of one heart, and concent that through God's blessing, they may endeavor the carrying on of spiritual concernments as also civil and town affairs, according to God and a godly government. The settlers chose Captain Robert Treatt, Lieut. Samuel Swain, Mr. Samuel Kitchell, Michael Tompkins, Mr. Morris, Sergt. Richard Beekly Richard Harrison, Thomas Blatchly, Edward Riggs, Stephen Freeman and Thomas Johnson, a committee to manage their affairs. It was noted "That none shall be admitted freemen or free Burgesses within our Towne upon Passaick River in the provice of New Jersey, but such planters as are members of some or other of the Congregational Churches, nor shall any but such be chosen to Magistracy or Carry on any part of Civil Judicature or as deputies or assistants to have power to Vote in establishing Laws and making or repealing them, or to any chief Military Trust or Office. Nor shall any but such Church Members have any Vote in any such elections; Tho' all others admited to Be planters shall have Right to their proper Inheritance, and do and shall enjoy all other Civil Liberties and Privileges, According to all Laws, Orders, Grants, which are or hereafter shall be made for this Towne." "The towne on the Passaick" as at first laid out was planned with but little reference to regularity or symmetry, and the courses of the principal streets were probably made to conform to the surface of the land, and frequently Indian trails were followed. The early settlers made most liberal provision for future public needs. They builded even better than they knew. Broad street. Market street, Washing- ton street. Military, Washington, and South (now Lincoln Park) were all laid out by the early fathers or their descendants. What is now known as Military Park was then known as the training ground. What is now Washington Park was then known as the Market Place, and where Market street now is was once the public watering place. The settlers acquired from the Indians by various purchases a tract of land which included all the territory now embraced in the limits of Newark, Belleville, Bloomfield, Montclair, Cald- well and the Oranges. 8 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. The community was emphatically a Christian one ; the original proprietors of the soil brought with them from Connecticut a politico-religious system of government then common m New England and for more than a century the town and church were one. The regulation of the material affairs of the church planted by the early settlers, now known as the First Presbyterian Church, was the business of the towns- people even to the calling of the Minister, the fixing of his compensation and the raising of means for his support For years the history of the town and the church were one, and, therefore, much of that early history will be omitted here and reference will be made to it later on in speaking of the First Presby- terian Church. During the Revolutionary War the people of Newark were noted for the vigor and the patriotism with which they espoused the cause of the colonies against the crown. The town contributed a liberal quota of its citizens to the the patriot army, and bore its share in the struggles of Princeton, Trenton, Monmouth and Springfield. Newark was frequently overrun during the war by the contending armies, and there are houses standing in Newark and its vicinity to-day in which the traces of British bullets can be plainly seen It is impossible within the limits of a work of this kind to do justice to the early days of Newark and we have simply undertaken to give a brief outline of that period, in order to show on what a solid and substantial basis "the towne on the Passaick," which has now grown to the great city of Newark with its 200,000 inhabitants, its vast business enterprises and varied industries was established. NEU\4RK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 9 A map of the "Towne of New-Ark in the State of New Jersey," published in 1806, shows the popu- lation of the city to be confined principally to Broad, Washington, Market, Mulberry and High streets, and a birds-eye view of the city east of Mulberry street published in 1820 shows only a few straggling farmhouses, while now this part of the city is built up solidly with large factories employing thousands of hands and with neat and comfortable homes of well to do mechanics, clerks and others. By an act of the State Legislature passed February 6, 1833, the township of Newark was divided into four wards known as the North, South, East and West wards. The first annual meeting in each ward was held in the lecture room of a church jin the ward, and the influence of church methods of government was still apparent from the fact that the principal officer of each ward was known by the title of Moderator. The first Moderators elected were: East Ward, Joseph C Hornblower, afterwards Chief Justice of New Jersey; West Ward, William Pennington, afterwards Governor of New Jersey; South Ward, Asa Whitehead, one of New Jersey's most eminent lawyers; North Ward, Thomas Ward, a man prominent in affairs of church and State. Newark was chartered as a city in 1836, its first Mayor being William Halsey and its second Theodore Frelinghuysen, who was once a candidate for Vice-Presi- dent of the United States, on the same ticket with Henry Clay. Among others who have held the office of Mayor of Newark may be mentioned, Oliver L. Halstead, afterwards Chancellor of New Jersey; William Wright, subsequently a United States Senator, Beach Vanderpool, James M. Quimby, Horace J. Ponier, Moses Bigelow, Thomas B. Peddie, Nehemiah Perry, Henry J. Yates and Henry Lang, all of whom were men occupying important positions in the business community. Another Mayor was Theo dore Runyon, afterwards Chancellor of New Jersey and one of the most distinguished lawyers of the State of New Jersey. During the Revolutionary War, Newark and its vicinity suffered severely from the ravages of war. When the struggle broke out, both Newark and Elizabeth were flourishing places, and the homes of thrifty, and even wealthy people. The well-stocked farms of this vicinity were a tempting foraging ground for the troops of King George, who were stationed in New York, and that they appreciated the advantages of this section is evident from the early records of the town, and from the traditions of the old families. The outrages to which the inhabitants were subjected during the war have never been fully described. One very memorable instance is frequently alluded to by the descendants of one of the principal actors even to this day. On the evening of January 25, 1780, a series of outrages were perpetrated, when a regiment of 500 red-coats, under the command of Major Lum, crossed over the Hudson river on the ice, from Newark to Paulus Hook, now Jersey City, and marched out to Newark. At the same time a smaller body of men crossed from Staten Island to Elizabethtown. Lum's men, on reaching Newark, committed a series of outrages, among which were the robbery of private houses, and the pillaging of stores and barns, and the wanton destruction of much property. They burned the Academy, a fine two-story stone building, situated on the Upper Green, now Washington Park. Mean- while their colleagues in Elizabethtown, who had been conducting themselves in a similar manner, set fire to the First Presbyterian Church there, and the light of the burning building, which could be plainly seen in Newark, was mistaken by Lum and his men for a demonstration of the Americans, and they beat a hasty retreat from Newark. Before leaving, however, they visited the home of Colonel Joseph Hedden, Jr., one of the most prominent patriots of the city, and a Commissioner for the County of Essex of the State Council of Public Safety, with the intention of capturing him, and taking him a pris- oner to New York. Mr. Hedden's house stood on Broad street, near Lombardy, and when the British soldiers visited it Colonel Hedden was sick in bed. He was dragged from his bed by the soldiers, who tried to take him into the street in his night clothes, although the night was intensely cold. Mrs. Hedden tried to prevent this, and essayed to get her husband decently clothed. In doing so she was severely cut by the bayonets of the British soldiers. Meanwhile the soldiers carried Colonel Hedden off with little or no clothing on, and marched him at the point of the bayonet down what is now Centre street, and along the river to the Plank Road, and thence to Paulus Hook, and across the ice to New York. Colonel Hedden was thrown into the Sugar House Prison, where, in consequence of the terrible exposure and the rough treatment he had received, he became ill, his legs froze and mortified, and when it became NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. evident that he could not possibly recover, his brothers were allowed to bring him back to Newark. He died on the 27th of September. His remains were interred in the Old Burying Ground. The British did not restrict their plundering to the patriots, but they robbed the houses of Tories also. One dark wintry night toward the close of the war. Captain John Kidney, Captain Henry Joralemon, Jacob Garland and Halmach Joralemon, started from their homes in Bloomfield, v.'hich was then a part of Newark, with the bold project of capturing a British garrison that was stationed at Bergen Heights. A pair of swift horses and an old-fashioned farm sledge furnished them with means of transportation. On arriving in the vicinity of the garrison they learned that the officers and men were having a frolic in the school house. They surrounded the place. Captain Kidney making a great noise as he did so, as though he were manoeuvering a large body of men. He then sprang to the door, forced it open and shouted, "You are all my prisoners, surrender or die." His comrades crowded around the door with their bayonets, and | the British, supposing they were surrounded by a large body of patriots, promptly surrendered. They were directed to come out of the school house one by one, and as each stepped out he was bound and and huddled upon the sled. When the party had been secured Captain Kidney and M.'iKKET Street, From Miner's Theatre, Looking West. his associates mounted their sled and drove their prisoners to the Irvington jail, where they were locked up. Among the patriot families of Newark were the Allings, Balls, Baldwins, Beaches, Bruens, Burnets, Camps, Condits, Cranes, Coes, Heddens, MacWhorters, Meekers, Penningtons and Wheelers. All of these families had members who distinguished themselves in the patriot army, and in the councils of the Federalists. Newark, at the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, had a population of about 1,000, but the war crippled the place and kept back its growth considerably for years ; in fact, Newark grew very slowly for a long time. TtlE NEWARK Or TO-DAY. It is with the Newark of to-day, that this book is chiefly concerned, and the preceding brief re- view of the early history of the city has been given to enable the reader the better to understand and appreciate, not only the broad and far-sighted policy of the thrifty and God-fearing men who laid the foundations of the town, but, also, to realize into what mighty proportions has grown the structure they began to build. "Our towne on ye Passaick" has grown to be the great city of Newark, with its 200,000 population, its miles of streets stretching out in all directions towards its suburbs, and built up so solidly with houses, stores and factories, that, standing on the Orange Mountain and looking down upon the surrounding country, Newark seems to be one great city, stretching out from the Passaic River on the east to the Orange Mountains on the West, and from the fertile valleys of Waverly on the south to the The Market Street Station, Penn. R. R. heights of the surrounding townships on the north, and it is hard to tell where Newark ends, and the townships begin. It is only of late years, however, that the Newarkers themselves have begun to awake to a realization of what their city really is, and of its magnificent possibilities for the future. For years there was an impression prevailing not only in the minds of men of other cities, but of Newarkers them- selves, that Newark was simply a sort of workshop for New York, and that there were but little advan- tages in the place to make it an attractive residence. Indeed, twenty years ago, Newark was anything but an attractive place. Providence, it is true, had done much for the place in the way of scenery, giv- ing it a beautiful river along its entire eastern and south-eastern front, a river which such writers as Irv- jng, Poe, Frank Forrester, and' Halleck delighted to praise, a rolling country composed of hill and valley, that suggested to the lover of nature grand possibilities for laying out a beautiful city, and to the sani- NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. tary engineer superb opportunities for drainage and sewerage. The early settlers had laid out the town in a manner that afforded great possibilities for its future development, but their descendants had grown careless of their glorious heritage. Along about 1S70 a few active and progressive men arose in the community and tried to make Newarkers realize that their city was something more than an overgrown country village, and that laying out of streets, building of sewers, and other city im- provements were needed- The community was awak ened and improvements were begun, but as in the case of many other municipalities improvements ran mad for want of proper men to control them Streets were laid out in pasture lands \\here the) would not be needed for hs'f'K^' Market Street, From Cor Broad miny jears to come, with more benefit to the land owners than to the city. Sewers were built in streets that were not graded, and while all this was going on the centre of the city was neg- lected. Then came the panic of 1873. Fictitious values on real estate collapsed, and men who had believed themselves to be wealthy were left with large tracts of land on their hands which they could hardly give away, if the gift carried with it the assumption of the taxes and assess, ments on the land. So great was this burden that only a few years ago a law had to be passed for the adjustment of these taxes and assessments, and many people are only now out of the troubles into which this wild speculation plunged them. These circumstances put a stop to street improvements for many years, and is one of the main reasons why the streets of the city are not better paved. The growth of the city, however, continued slowly but surely, notwithstanding all these drawbacks. It was the great Industrial Exposition of 1872, '73 and '74 that really aroused, not only the country at large, but the peoi)le of Newark themselves to a sense of what Newark really was. Messrs. George A. NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 13 Halsey, A. M. Holbrook and a few other enterprising citizens conceived the idea of giving an exposition of the manufactured products of Newark. They formed a corporation known as tlie Newark Industrial Institute, secured a building which was formerly an old skating rink, erected an addition to it, and assem- bled in it the products of Newark's work shops. There was machinery of every description, tools, hard- ware, cutlery, leather and all its products, trunks, bags, boots and shoes, elegant jewelry, saddlery and harness, celluloid, gems from'the lapidary's hands, and in short, almost every article which is in daily use. Thousands flocked to the exposition each year, and this exhibit did more to advertise Newark abroad, and to arouse the local pride of its citizens than anything that was ever done before or since. Soon after this the Board of Trade began to bestir itself in the matter of improvements, and a few spasmodic efforts were made to stimulate a spirit of progress. But it is only within the past few years that Newark has really begun to develop. The growth of Newark within the last five years has been mo=t remarkable. Property on Broad street, near Market, now sells for $3,000 a foot, and all along that street it brings thousands, where it The Court House. brought hundreds a few years ago. Old rookeries are being torn down, and are giving place to new and elegant structures of massive proportions and imposing architecture. The new buildings of the post office and the Prudential Insurance Company, which are in course of construction, together with the buildings of Heath & Drake, the Fidelity Title and Deposit Company, the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company, Wilkinson, Gaddis & Company on Broad street, the new stati n of the Penn- sylvania Railroad Company on Market street, the many handsome structures on Market, Mulberry and Mechanic streets. Railroad, Springfield, Belmont and Central avenues, the handsome residences along South Broad and High streets, at Military and Washington parks. Mount Prospect and Mount Pleasant avenues, are all combining to give Newark a metropolitan appearance. A new water supply is about to be introduced at a cost of $6,000,000, a new court house to cost $1,000,000 is projected, a public park is under consideration, and an extensive tract of land has already been set apart for that purpose. Active '4 NFAVARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. measures are in progress by the Board of Trade to build a hotel large enough to accommodate the pros- pective increase of Newark. Handsome bridges span the river. Four fine hospitals and a large number of charitable institutions and churches attest the philanthropic and religious character of its people. On Military Park stands the statue of New Jersey's greatest soldier, the gallant Major-General Philip Kearny, who fell at the head of his troops in the late war. On Washington Park is the statue of an humble son of toil, Seth Boyden, the inventor, who did more for Newark's industries than any man who has ever lived in the place, and who yet lived and died a poor man. On Lincoln Park is to be reared a statue of Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, New Jersey's most distinguished statesman. A free public library with thousands of volumes and a noble building has been established on [West Park sTeet. A large Broad Strket Near Sou hi Pakr. technical school where young men are prepared for active life in Newark's factories as skilled mechanics has been in successful operation for several years, and the school is soon to have a large and well ap- pointed building on High street. The public school system of Newark is the best in the State. Its fire department is admittedly one of the best in the Union. The city has an excellent police department. The financial institutions are sound and prosperous, and her business men, wise, conservative and prudent. The health of the city is good, the death rate low, and the various branches of the city government are well and economically administered. The city has fourteen banks, Savings and National, of excellent character and stability, with a bank- ing capital of about $18,000,000. It has one hundred wholesale jewelry manufacturing firms, the products of NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 15 whose factories are unrivalled as to quality. There are eighty-five wholesale manufacturers of leather, in its various forms, whose products are distributed over the United States, Europe, Canada and other coun- tries. There are fifteen wholesale manufacturers of novelties of various kinds, whose products are widely known and distributed. There are 100 machinists, tool manufacturers and mechanical engineers ; fifty wholesale hardware manufacturing firms ; sixty wholesale harness and harness trimming manufacturers eigliteen wholesale grocers, one of them selling over $5,000,000 annually ; sixty carriage makers, wholesale manufacturers of carriage hardware and kindred articles ; eighteen large button manufacturers ; twenty- three brass goods makers and founders; twenty-four wholesale boot and shoe manufacturers; twenty- one manufacturers of varnish, one of whom conducts the largest business of the kind in the country ; thirty-four saddlery hardware manufacturing concerns; forty tool makers; twenty manufacturers of trunks, travelling bags, etc.; twenty-four brewing establishments, with very large capital, which bear favorable comparison with any in the United States. In the City, and directly across the river in Hudson County, are located the famous Clark Thread Works, and near them in Hudson County, the Mile End Works, the Marshall Thread Works and the Linoleum Works, all comprising a vast body of capital, and employing labor to an enormous extent. The Domestic Sewing Machine Company's works are also located in the city, with its extensive factory and business. Within the city limits, on the Passaic River are the Great Lister Agricultural Works, already one of the most important in its field of business, and just now in process of consolidation and enlarge- ment. The Atha and the Illingworth Steel Works, Babcock's Smelting and Refining Works, surpassed by none in the United States. Newark also maintains fine theatres, many large wholesale and retail houses, and all the establish- ments suited to a large city. Newarkers no longer admit that their city is in any sense a mere append- age of New York or simply its workshop. They have discovered that near as they are to the great metropolis they still have a great and prosperous city of their own, which is a credit and honor to the great State of New Jersey, a prosperous and vigorous community, with an intelligent, orderly and thrifty population, engaged in wide and varied industries, and whose business men and financial institutions have a credit that is unsurpassed by that of any city of the Union. The principal streets of the city are already lighted with electricity, and a spirit of progress is manifesting itself throughout the entire community. For convenience of description, Newark may be said to be divided into six sections, each having a distinctive character of its own. One is the heart of the city, which is composed of the central or inner wards, and is the older portion of the town. This contains all the financial institutions, the leading busi- ness houses and the majority of the fashionable residences. Another is the section east of the Pennsylva- nia Railroad, the more eastern portion of which is frequently called "the neck." The entire section east of the Pennsylvania Railroad is also known as the "Iron Bound District." Here are situated some of the largest of Newark's factories, as well as the homes of thousands of her operatives and laboring'classes. A few years ago a very large section of "the neck" was almost entirely devoted to truck farms, and in- deed, there are several flourishing truck farms yet, but land is fast getting to be too valuable to be used for this purpose and these farms are rapidly disappearing. The opening of the Newark and New York Railroad, now a branch of the Central, and of the Manufacturers' Railroad, a branch of the same system, did much to develop this section, and to convert truck farms into closely built up streets and sites of vast manufacturing establishments. The new branches that are being built by the Pennsylvania and Lehigh Valley Railroads will tend to develop this section still further. The three wards embraced within this territory have a population of 40,961, with a taxable valuation of $16,509,455.00, though the actual value of property there ts probably twice as much. "The Hill," by wliicli name is designated those portions of the Sixth and Thirtenth wards, occupying the elevated ground west of High street, is distinctively the German section of the city. The evidence of the thrift, industry and intelligence of the population are apparent on every side. This is notably a set- tlement of sm ill ho^nes. In this section are also some large business establishments, including several tanneries, and six large breweries, one of which was recently sold to an English syndicate for $3,000,000. i6 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. Here are the principal parks, wliere the Germans of the city are wont to have their Summer festivities, and the halls in which they hold their meetings and Winter festivities. There are a number of large and handsome churches of all denominations here and several orphanages and charitable institutions. The Eighth ward, which comprises the northern end of the city, beginning at Eighth avenue, and running north to the Second river, which is the dividing line between Newark and Belleville, is one of the most rapidly developing sections of the city. In point of size of territory it is the largest ward in Newark, and in population and wealth it is also one of the chief wards of the city. Its eastern boundary is the Passaic river, and its western and north-western, the canal. East Orange and Bloomfield. No part of Newark has had such a remarkable growth as has the Eighth ward within the last few years. Whole tracts, that five or six years ago were farm lands, are to-day laid out in broad avenues, built up with tasteful homes, and property is increasing in value, at a ratio far beyond that of any other portion of the city. The ward in itself would make a very respectable city, with its fine streets, the majority of which are well lighted and sewered, and arrangements have been made for paving the principal streets with Belgian block, asphalt or Telford. This ward embraces the flourishing settlement of Woodside, which was once a township by itself, but about twenty years ago was annexed to Newark. It also includes Forest Hill, which is a large and rapidly developing portion of the ward. Wilhin the limits of the ward are four large and well appointed public schools, two of them having buildings that are regarded as among the fines educational structures in the city. There are also twelve churches, of which the Presbyterians have four- the Episcopalians two, the Roman Catholics two, the Methodists one, the Baptists one, the Reformed one and the Congregationalists one. Pn this ward are situated the extensive works of the Clark Thread Co., large stone works and quarries, and an extensive watch case factory. The manufacturing business, however, is principally confined to that section of the city along the river front, and the ward is pre-emi- nently a place of residence. Here are the homes of some of Newark's most wealthy and influential citizens. Mount Prospect and Clifton avenues, which occupy the loftiest ground in the ward, running, as they do, along the summit of a commanding hill, afford a superb view of the surrounding country for miles in every direction. On the former avenue is the residence of William Clark, one of the hand, somest and most costly in Essex county. On Clifton avenue a large tract of land has been secured by the Roman Catholic Church, for the erection of a superb cathedral in future years. Among the notable buildings in the ward are the North End Club House, an imposing three story brick structure, on the corner of Broad street and Third avenue, the building of Marcus L. Ward Post, G. A. R., on Belleville avenue, the Park Presbyterian, Centenary M. E., Belleville Avenue Congregational, and Mount Pleasant Baptist churches, and the Franklin Public School. Here also is the Low Service Reservoir, from which the greater part of Newark is supplied with water, and around which is to be formed the new public park The ward is admirably supplied with facilities for reaching the heart of the city, and also with communi- cation with New York. Two lines of horse cars already traverse the ward, and another is in course of construction, while three steam railroads connect this section with the metropolis. In this ward is located the building and extensive grounds of the Riverside Athletic Club, one of the leading clubs of the kind in New Jersey. Here, too, is situated Mount Pleasant Cemetery, the most beautiful place of sepulture in the country. In this ward are located two of Newark's leading charitable institutions, the Protestant Foster Home and the Home for Respectable .'\ged Women. The former is a massive four-story brick building, on the corner of Belleville avenue and Van Wagenen street. It gives shelter to about loo chil- dren who otherwise would be homeless, and is undenominational in its work. Its Board of Managers is composed of the leading society ladies of the city, and it is the favorite charity of the town. The other institution, which is usually known as the "Old Ladies' Home," is a handsome brick building on Broad street, near Gouverneur street. It has ample grounds, and among its managers are some of the most prominent ladies of the city. St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church also has a large and flourish- ing parochial school, which is situated in a large brick building on Belleville avenue. NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 17 NEWARK'S AYEHUES AHD STREETS. The date of the laying out of the first roads in Newark is involved in considerable obscurity, but certain it is, that Broad, Market and Washington streets were among the first laid out by the early set- tlers. The oldest map of the town on record shows Broad street from Mill Brook (near where Clay street now is), to Lincoln Park, Mulberry street, Washington street from Washington Park (then the public market place), to Clinton avenue, High street about as it now is, Market street from the public dock to the hill back of where the Court House now stands, three or four cross streets south of Market street, from roads leading from the town in a westerly direction, one of which is now Orange street, an- other following the line of Warren street, and the old Crane road at Roseville. Another short street fol- lowed the line of Centre street to the river. The first record of a road laid out by the Commissioners of Highways, to be found in the Esse.x County Road Book, is dated December 3, 1698, and relates to a road in Elizabethtown, which was then a part of Essex county. The first legally laid road from Eliz- abeth to Newark, was laid out in August, 1705. High street was laid out as a legal road in 1709, al- though it had been in High Street. existence years before. .'Xbout 17 17, several roads were laid out on the "Neck," and to the meadows, to ena- ble farmers to get in their salt hay. There are now streets built up with large and important factories. The Newark and Pompton Turnpike Company was incor- porated on February 24, 1806. Its road ran from North Broad street, now Belleville avenue, in a northwesterly direction to Bloomfield and Cranstown, now Montclair, thence over the First Mountain, through Caldwell to Pomp- ton Plains. This road is now Bloomfield avenue, and is under the care of the Essex Countv Road Board, within the limits of the county. The Newark and Morristown turnpike followed the line of South Orange avenue, and was laid out as a turnpike in 181 1, although the greater part of the road had been in existence many years before. Corner Clinton ."Avenue and High Street. i8 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. \ The streets of Newark were in a wretched condition for many years, and, in fact, many of them are now sadly in need of decent pavements. There are people living in Newark to-day who can remember the time when Broad street was such a slough that a mud scow was run upon it to carry people to and fro. Within the last few years, however, there has been an awakening in Newark on the subject of paving, and the Common Council now puts into the tax levy $50,000 a year for this purpose. In addition to this, the Legislature of 1890 passed a law, authorizing the Common Council to issue bonds for street paving, and in a short time the principal streets of Newark will all be well paved. ■^•1 Southwest Corner High a.\d Spruce Streets. The principal roads leading out from Newark to its suburbs are all fine, broad avenues, paved with Telford pavement, and are in charge of the Essex County Road Board. This board had its origin in the far-sighted public spirit of Llewellyn S. Haskell, the founder of Llewellyn Park, West Orange Some years after he had completed that beautiful park, Mr. Haskell conceived the idea of making all Essex county one grand park, with Newark as a centre. His idea was to take the principal thorough- fares leading out from Newark, grade and pave them so as to make easy and pleasant drives, and then connect them by lateral roads. In pursuance of this plan, Mr. Haskell procured from the Legislature of 1868, a law incorporating the Essex Public Road Board. The first members of the board were Llewel- NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 19 lyn S. Haskell, William H. Murphy and Francis McGrath. The law was found to be defective, and a suaplement was passed in 1869, increasing the number of Commissioners to five. The first Commission, ers so appointed were A. Bishop Baldwin, of South Orange, William H. Murphy, of Newark, Jesse Will, iams, of Orange, George Peters, of Newark, and Robert M. Henning, of Montclair. Mr. Murphy soon resigned, and Mr. Timothy W. Lord, of Newark, was appointed in his place. To these five gentlemen is really due the credit of having laid out and paved the magnificent system of county roads in charge of the Road Board, which, with themany fine streets laid out in the Oranges,Bloomfield and Montclair, form High Street, Corner College Place, Looking North. in Essex county a system of drives that is unequalled anywhere in the vicinity of New York. The avenues in charge of the Road Board are, Frelinghuysen avenue, extending from Aster street, Newark, to Elizabeth; Springfield avenue, from the Court House in Newark, through Irvington, South Orange and Milburn, to the Morris county line ; South Orange avenue, from Springfield avenue, Newark, through South Orange, and up to the county line; Central avenue, from Broad street, Newark, to the Valley road, West Orange; Park avenue, running from Bloomfield avenue, Newark, to Llewellyn Park, West Orange; Bloomfield avenue, from Belleville avenue, Newark, to the county line in Caldwell and Washington avenue, from Belleville avenue, Newark, through Belleville and Franklin to Passaic county. The cost of these avenues 20 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. to the county was $1,600,000, for which bonds were issued of which $220,000 are still outstanding. These avenues cover a total distance of thirty-five miles and the cost of their maintenance in the year ending May, 1890, was as follows: Frelinghuysen avenue, $1,390.72; Springfield avenue, $3,116.55; South Orange avenue, $6,147.82; Central avenue, $3,313.90; Park avenue, $959.45; Bloomfield ave- nue, $6,761.17; Washington avenue, $2,404. The Road Board is now under the control of the Board of Freeholders of the county, its members being appointed by the Director of that board from among the members of the latter Board. The present members of that board are : President, Francis McGuin- ness ; James Peck, of East Orange ; Cornelius Learey, Owen Cahill, and Thomas W. Kinsey. MiiiiARV Park and Pahk Plalk- Skirtmg the northern and eastern side of Military Park is Park place, for many years one of the most fashionable places of residence in Newark. At the extreme northern end is the residence of Mr. H. VV. Symington, the treasurer of the Marshall Linen Thread Company, formerly the Dodd mansion. Next to it is Trinity church rectory, looking out on the memorable old mother church of the Episcopa- lians of Newark, and the park opposite. Adjoining this is the elegant mansion of the late Thomas B. Peddie, twice mayor of Newark, twice a member of the State Legislature and twice a member of Congress, to whose munificence the superb structure of the Peddie Memorial Baptist Church is due. East of this stands the residence of Mr. A. Pennington Whitehead, one of Newark's leading citizens; beyond NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 21 this in that large, square frame house with its ample grounds, center a score of memories precious to Newarkers proud of Newark's famous sons. There lived the venerable and beloved Theodore Frelinghuysen, one of New Jersey's greatest men, who was ever foremost in her councils and who ran for Vice-President of the United States on the ticket that was honored by the name of Henry Clay for President. Where in later years lived his illustrious nephew, Frederick T. Frelinghuy- sen, for several years a United States Senator from New Jersey, and afterwards Secretary of State. Through its portals was carried to its last resting place the form of that silver-tongued orator, followed llkiiAli S I 1; I I iri'OSiTE Military Park. by an ex-President and a President of the United States and a host of noted and famous dignitaries, who vied with each other in paying the last tributes of respect to New Jersey's noblest statesman. The house is now occupied by the Senator's oldest son, Frederick Frelinghuysen, who is the president of the Howard Savings Institution, and one of the most deservedly popular young men in Newark. Beyond the Frelinghuysen mansion is the Wright mansion, formerly tenanted by William Wright, United States Senator from New Jersey, and now in the possession of his son, Col. Edward H. Wright. On the corner of Park Place and Centre street is the home of the late James M. Quinby, a former mayor of Newark, and one of her most celebrated citizens, now occupied by his scn-in-law Counsellor Charles Borcherling. Beyond this is the Peter Duryee mansion, then the Joel W. Condit manor house, then 22 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. the old Benedict homestead, the house of ex-Mayor Yates, every one of which houses calls up a train of memories that Newarkers love to bring to mind. Further on the west are the buildings of John Illing- worth, one of the leading steel manufacturers of the nation, Stephen H. Condit, a leading business man, then the old Halsey mansion, and next the residence of Mr. James C. McDonald. Broad street is the principal street of Newark, and is one of the finest thoroughfares in the coun- try, in respect to its great width and magnificent trees which line it on either side. It also contains many handsome residences of the wealthiest men in Newark, the principal stores, the banks, insurance offices East Side Broad Street, and First Presbyterian Church. and other financial institutions, the two leading newspaper offices, and the principal churches. It runs north and south through the greater length of the city, beginning at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in the Eighth ward, and ending at the Lehigh Valley Coal Company's coal dumps, at the beginning of the salt meadow land at the extreme southern end of the city. The upper portion of Broad street from the Cemetery to Belleville avenue, is given up almost entirely to residences. From Belleville avenue to Grace Church, it is principally a business street, although even in this space there are interspersed some hand- some residences, being the homes of some of the older families of the place. The bulk of the business on Broad Street is done between the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, and the City Hall on NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 23 the corner of William Street, a distance of about a mile. The banks and insurance offices on this street are all located between Millitary Park and the corner of Broad and Market streets, with but two excep- tions, these being the State Bank and the Prudential Insurance Company. In fact the majority of the financial institutions are centered on both sides of the street, in the short space between Commerce and Market streets on one side and Academy and Market on the other. This part of Broad street is frequently called Finance Row. On the east side of the row are the offices of the American, the Mer- chants' and the Fireman's Insurance companies, the Newark agencies of the Citizens', Germania, Niagara y p^ r "" *^lfe&: \\ h> I OlDt IJKllAi) SlKLLI A.Mj Ci1\ ll.Vl.L. and other leading New York insurance companies. Here, too, is the handsome building of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, of Newark, an imposing three-story brown stone structure, on the cor- ner of Broad and Clinton streets. On the same side of the street are the buildings of the Newark City, National, German National, Manufacturers' National, Second National, and Merchants' National banks and that of the Howard Savings Institution. On the western side of the street are the Newark Fire In- surance Company, the Esse.x County National Bank, National Newark Banking Company, the Fidelity 2 4 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST Title and Deposit Company, the building of Heath & Drake, and within this distance are in process of erection, the superb building of the Prudential Insurance Company, which is to cost over $500,000, and is to stand on the corner of Broad and Bank streets, and the new post office, which is to occupy the block bounded by Academy street and the canal, and will cost nearly as much more. Farther down Broad street stands the building of the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company, a massive brown stone structure seven stories high. The clothing stores are nearly all located on the west side of the street, in the block bounded by Market street on the north and the entrance to the Old Burying Ground on the CORNKK liKiiAli M kl.l I \N|i (.UNTON AVENUE, OPPOSITE LINCOLN P.1RK. south. This block is usually known as Clothing Row. With one exception, all the large retail clothing establishments are centred in this one block. Below Mechanic street, and down as far as Court street, the thoroughfare is given up to miscellaneous business, with here and there a residence sandwiched in be- tween. From Court street down to the coal dumps, the street is almost entirely devoted to residences. The most beautiful portion of Broad street, is what is frequently known as South Broad street, which is that section of the street between Clinton avenue and Emmett street. The fashionable portion of South Broad street is that part opposite Lincoln Park. Here are the residences of Thomas N. McCar- tc, Jerome Taylor, John H Kasc, Thomas T. Kinney, Oscar Keen and others. Farther north on NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 25 Broad street, are the residences of George A. Halsey, Franklin Murphy, Mrs. C. S. Macknet, Dr. F. B. Mandeville, Dr. Edward 111, Dr. H. W. Gedicke, John F. Dryden, William A. Righter, Mrs. C. Bradley, William Campbell Clark, Mrs. Lathrop and John P. Jube. On Broad street are also seven of the lead- ing churches of the town, namely, the House of Prayer (Episcopal), North Reformed, Trinity (P^pisco- pal), First Presbyterian, Third Presbyterian, Church of the Redeemer (Universalist), and Grace, (Episco- pal); all of them are fine structures. On Broad street are also the only three parks of which the city boasts. Washington, Military and Lincoln. The public market faces on this street. On that portion oppo- W'ashingiun Street, Opposite Washi.ngton Park. site to Washington Park, are also some very handsome residences, among them those of Cortlandt Parker, Mrs. Theodore P. Howell, Mrs. George Farmer and L. Spencer Goble. Broad street is paved with Belgian block from the coal dumps on the south to Belleville avenue on the north, and from thence to its extreme northern terminus it will be paved with Belgian block or asphalt, within the present year. Another attractive feature of the city are the two thoroughfares on the west and south of Washington Park, which are lined with elegant residences. Here are the homes of the most prominent business men, as Warren N. Trusdell, Samuel Howell, George G. Frelinghuysen, Dr. Archibald Mercer, Robert F. Ballan- tine, John H. Ballantine, Marcus L. Ward, Lewis C. Grover and P. F. Mulligan on Washington street, and Herbert Ballantine, Eugene F. Vanderpool and James D. Orton, on Washington Place On the northwest corner of Washington place and James street, stands the beautiful structure of the Second Presbyterian Church with its tall spire, and a little above it is the parsonage. 2 6 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. The Tree Public Library. The Free Public Library of the city of Newark was organized by authority of the Legislature of New Jersey, and will be maintained by an annual tax which has been voted by the citizens^ for the use of the people, for whose benefit it is designed. In January, 1889, the Board of Trustees leased for a term of five years, with privilege of purchase, the new edifice of the Newark Library Association in West Park, near Broad street, which is now opened to the public. ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTIOH. The site. — The building is located on an eligible and central site, loi feet front by 109 feet in depth, adjoining the property of the New Jersey Historical Society. The front of the edifice and to the depth of forty-six feet is new, the rear portion of the old church building being utilized for the Library Room. Exterior. — The design is Romanesque, freely treated, built of Belleville stone, with base of rock- faced ashlar to the first-story sills. The entrance-arch is relieved by a carved molding, and the jambs have tooled surfaces. Above the base the walls are faced with pointed ashlar from the old church build- ing, with molding, cornice, etc., so disposed as to maintain the quiet, restful and solid characteristics ap- propriate to the purpose of the structure. The roof is of slate, with terra-cotta ridging and hip-rolls. The entrance has large wrought-iron grilles or gates. NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 27 THE EHTRAHCE HALL. The Vestibule and Entrance Hall are faced with Pompeiian brick, used as a base and frieze, also the arches over the several entrances; the dado being of old gold, and the filling above the dado of cream-color brkk The floors of the vestibule and hall, and the wainscoting of the broad slate sta.rway leading to second and third story rooms are of Georgia marble. The entrance-doors and those leading to Library and Catalogue Room are of paneled quartered oak, and the upper panels and semi-circular sashes above the transoms are glazed w.th pohshed plate glass. A'FAVARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST THE LIBRARY. The Library is 64x64 feet, with ceiling forty-two feet high, coved on all sides, having a large central skylight filled with rich stained-glass in geometric patterns, and four large windows on either side, five feet wide and twenty-four feet high, giving ample light. The books are arranged in alcoves of quartered oak and wall cases, on the main floor and in the spacious galleries, which are reached by spiral oaken stair- ways. A lift will carry books to the Library from the basement, where the unpacking and repairing will be done. The present capacity of the shelving is 60,000 volumes, which can be increased to 200,000 volumes. It is lighted by a large central electrolier and numerous incandescent lights on the sides and in the alcoves. Wide semi-circular arched doors, with plate-glass transoms above, deeply recessed, afford access to the Hall, Catalogue Room, and Women's Reading Room at one end. At the opposite end is the Librari- an's desk, and an oak railing on either side of it, following the lines of the case, incloses the space required by the attendants, the centre of the room being left for the use of the public. The oak settles forming part of the railings are resting places for visitors. The book-cases, wains- coting, and all other wood-work are of quartered oak, paneled, molded, carved and polished. The shelv- ing of the cases is made of uniform length, adjustable and interchangeable. The walls and ceilings are finished with plaster made of yellow sand, harmonizing in tone with the oak. NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 29 WOMEN'S READIHG ROOM The Women's Reading Room, accessible only from the Library proper, is 20x23 feet, witli a chim- ney-piece, extending across the room, built of light buff brick, with grey-stone shelf and trimmings extend- ing to the ceiling, richly molded and carved. The room is lighted by two stained glass windows over the mantel-shelf, the walls and ceiling being decorated in harmony with the oak trimmings and furniture. On either side of the wide fireplace and tiled hearth are oak settles, with carved ends, panel backs, and upholstered in Spanish leather. An oak sofa and chairs with the same upholstering, with a large round- top table with carved base, complete the furnishing. The floors are covered with Oriental rugs of harmo- nious coloring, and handsome wrought-iron andirons give an air of inviting comfort. 30 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. THE GEHERAL RBADIHG ROOM. The General Reading Room, in the second story, with a high ceiling and lighted on two sides by several windows, is fitted with newspaper racks and files on the side walls, and tables for current maga- zines and periodical literature. There are comfortable chairs to accommodate about 150 persons. A generous fireplace at the west end will provide warmth and cheer, in addition to the steam heat, in The Reading Room. the Winter evenings. At the east end of the room is the Custodian's desk, and connecting with that, a small coat and hat room. The basement is used for the steam-heating apparatus, storage, workrooms and janitor's room. The third story is occupied by a large room for the use of the pupils of the public schools, under the direction of their teachers. The accompanying sketches render further descri[^tion unnecessary. THE CATALOGUE ROOM. On the left of the Hall is the spacious Catalogue Room, with a large stone chimney-piece and carved oak over mantel as a central feature of the wall space opposite the entrance. Ample light is provided through windows on two sides of the room. The available wall space is occupied by oak cases with divisions for the card catalogues. Two oak tables, in harmony with the other wood-work, are provided for the convenience of those using the general catalogue. The Librarian's office \i located on the right of the entrance hall near the front of the building. NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 3' Inthe^^j^lorj^oo-"- BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Hon. Joseph E. Haynes, Mayor of Nezoark, Wm. N. Barringf.r, Superintendent of Public Schools, Ex- Officio. Samuel J. MacDonald, Edward H. Durvee, L. Spexcer Goble, Frederick H. Teese, James Peabodv, STANDING COMMITTKES. Term Expires, 1890 Term Expires, 1891 Term Expires, 1892 Term Expires, 1S93 Term Expires, 1894 Finance Coinmittcc, Book Coinmiltce, Library Committee, Reading Room Committee, President of the Board, Treasurer of the Board, Secretary of the Board, Messrs. Teese, MacDonald, Peabodv Messrs. Durvee, Teese, Goble Messrs. Goble, Barringer, Duryee Messrs. MacDonald, Barringer, Peabodv Hon. Joseph E. Havnes, Mayor Hon. George S. Durvee Frank P. Hill, Librarian NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. HEW ARK'S RAILROAD FACILITIES. The position of Newark in regard to railway communication with other cities is unsurpassed. There are five important railways passing through the city, viz: The Pennsylvania, the Central Railroad of New Jersey, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, the New York and Greenwood Lake, and the New York, Lake Erie and Western. There are within the city limits eleven different railway stations belonging to the several companies. Between Newark and New York the five companies are running the following number of trains for local travel, viz: Pennsylvania R. R., arriving, 50; departing, 58; total, io8. Central R. R., arriv- ing, 43; departing, 44; total, 87. D., L. & W. R. R , arriving, 48; departing, 52; total, 100. N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R., arriving, 15; departing, 16; total. 31. N. Y. & G. L. R. R., arriving, 14; departing, 15; total, 29. Totals arriving, 170; totals departing, 185; grand total, 355. Between Newark and Elizabeth the following trains are run: Pennsylvania R. R., arriving, 43; departing, 40; total, 87. Central R. R., arriving, 27; departing, 27; total, 54. Totals arriving, 74; totals departing, 67; grand total, 141. Between Newark and Trenton, Philadelphia, the West and South: Pennsylvania R. R., arriving, 23; departing, 21; total, 44. Central, arriving, 12: departing, 12; total, 24. Totals arriving, 35; totals departing, 33; grand total, 68. Between Newark and Perth Amboy, Sea Shore and South Jersey points, the following trains are run: Pennsylvania R. R., arriving, 11; departing, 11; total, 22. Central R. R., arriving, 11; departing 10; total, 21. Totals arriving, 22; totals departing, 21; grand total, 43. Between Newark and points not named above, the following trains are run: Pennsylvania & L. V. R. Rds., arriving, 9; departing, 9; total, 18. Central R. R., arriving, 8; departing, 8; total, 16. D., L. & W. R R., arriving, 10; departing, 10; total, 20. N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R., arriving, 16; departing, 15; total, 31. N. Y., & G. L. R. R., arriving, 15; departmg, 15; total, 30. Totals arriving, 58; totals depart- ing, 57; grand total, 155. There are in the city ten lines of street cars, three of which are already equipped with electric motive power, and still other roads are in process of construction, both through the city and to its sub- urbs. The Newark Passenger Railway Company, which controls the majority of the street railways in Newark, and the Rapid Transit Street Railway Company, are both under contract with the Common Council to run all their roads with electric motors, and the Newark and South Orange Railroad Company, who control the other line, will also probably adopt the electric system. The street railways of Newark carry over 20,000,000 of passengers annually. These lines connect the city with Elizabeth, Irvington and all the Oranges, Bloomfield, Belleville, and Harrison, in Hudson county. The pioneers in street car trafific were the Orange and Newark Horse Car Railroad Company, who obtained a charter from the Legislature in 1859. This road had its origin in the dissatisfaction which was felt among the people of the Oranges at the wretched management of the old Morris and Essex Railroad and the projectors of the new horse car company decided to construct a line from Orange to the Market street depot, which would enable the residents of Orange to avail themselves of the facilities offered by the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company, now the Pennsylvania Railroad. The projected railroad was vigorously opposed by several property owners in Market street, who imagined that the running of cars through the street would interfere with their business, and one of them, Owen McFarland, brought a suit against the company to obtain an injunction to restrain them from laying the track past his place This suit was carried to the Court of Errors and Appeals, the court of last resort in New Jersey, and was dec ded in favor of the company. In this suit some important questions of law were raised, and this case is continually cited in railroad suits, not only in New Jersey, but all over the United States. The de- cision of the Court of Errors and Appeals was rendered in December, i860, but the e.xcitement in con- sequence of the unsettled condition of the country preceeding the breaking out of the Civil War, and the breaking out of the war itself, in 1861, delayed the actual building of the road until the Spring of 1862. NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. The officers of the company were : William Pierson, Senior, M. D. of Orange, President ; John C. Den- man, Vice-President, of Newark ; Martin R. Dennis, of Newark, Secretary and Treasurer: Directors: Nehemiah Perry, Henry R. Remson, David A. Hayes, Anthony E. Keasby and William A. Ripley, of New- ark, and Jessie Starr, of Camden. The first track laid was through Market, Bank and Warren streets to Roseville, which was laid in the early Spring of 1862. Immediately after this road was begun, the road from Orange to the Market street depot was also commenced, and it began to run its cars to Newark on July 4, 1862. Other roads were laid by this company in future years as follows: The Newark and Belleville line, an extension of the Roseville line through Market and Ferry streets. The roads owned by the Orange and Newark Horse Car Railroad Company passed largely into the hands of the United Railroad Companies of New Entrance to Mount Pleasant Cemetery Jersey, who for years held a majority of the stock. In 1865 Martin R. Dennis was made president of the road, and held this position until his death. In November, 1883, a number of capitalists who were interested in the Newark and Irvington, and Newark and Bloomfield street railroad lines, purchased a controlling interest in the lines controlled by the Orange company, and Mr. S. S. Battin, the President of the Newark and Bloomfield Street Railway Company was made President of the Orange company. This arrangement continued until the Spring of 1890, when a Philadelphia syndicate, headed by Mr. Thomas C. Barr, secured control of all the street car lines in Newark with the exception of the South Orange line, and the system was reorganized, and all the companies consolidated under the title of the Newark Passenger Railway Company, Mr. Barr being its President. Since Mr. Barr has assumed control of the street railway system of Newark, there has been a marked improvement in the service. New cars have 54 NEIVARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST lieen added, more freciuent trips made, and several of the lines have been extended, electric cars have been put on two of the lines, and arrangements are being made to equip all the roads with electric meters, and new roads are projected. The Newark and Bloomfield Street Railway Company bought at a foreclosure sale on January i7' 1876, the property of the old Newark, Bloomfield and Montclair Horse Car Company. The road, as originally laid out, ran up Broad street from Emmett street to State, through State and High street and Summer avenue to Bl wmfield avenue, thence through Mount Prospect avenue and the Old Bloomfield road to Bloomfield. During the Winter of 1875, the old route to Bloomfield was abandoned, and in 1876 the new management laid the track up Bloomfield avenue to Bloomfield, as it at present is. Mr. S. S. Battin was president of this road from 1876 until its transfer to the Newark Passenger Railway Company. The Newark, Harrison and Kearny Railroad Company opened its road for travel in 1884, Mr S. S. Battin being its president. Later on its line was extended from the Market street depot, down Mar- ket, Union, Elm and Pacific streets to Pennington street. The Newark and Irvington Street Railway Company opened its road for public traffic in June, 1868. It passed through a series of financial troubles, and finally got into the hands of Messrs. Battin, Keasby and Ballantine, and was by them sold out to the Newark Passenger Railway Company in 1890. The Newark and South Orange Horse Railroad was started in the Spring of 1868, and also passed through a series of financial disasters. The road was sold at sheriff's sale, and was bought by a company of which Mr. John Radel is president, he and his sons holding almost all the stock. Since Mr. Radel has controlled the road he has made many improvements in it, has several times ex'.endedits lines, and has made it one of the best paying, as well as one of the most efficient street railroads in the country. The Elizabeth Railway Company was started several years ago, its line running from the Erie depot, at Fourth avenue, Newark, through Ogden, Front, Mulberry and Thomas streets, Pennsylvania avenue. Miller street and Elizabeth avenue to Elizabeth. This road has also passed into the hands of the Newark Passenger Railway Company. The first of the steam railroads to enter Newark, was the New Jersey Railroad and Transporta- tion Company, which was chartered March 7, 1832. The route of the road was required to be through the town of Newark. Dr. John S. Darcy was the first President of the road, and John P. Jackson, Secre- tary. The first trip over the road was made on September i, 1834, in the passenger car Washington. Regular trips were commenced on the 15th of September, and the cars were operated by horse power, making eight trips each way. The fare each way was 37 1-2 cents, and the trip was made to Jersey City in half an hour. It was at first thought unsafe to use locomotives, because the embankments across the meadows had not thoroughly settled. The first locomotive was run over the road December 2, 1835. It was known as the Newark, and was a very crude and primitive affair. The cars were drawn over the Bergen Hill by horse power up to January i, 1838, when the Bergen cut was completed. The road was e.\t nded to Elizabeth in 1835, and to Rahway in 1836, and to Philadelphia in 1839. In 1862 the com- pany built a more direct route between Jersey City and Newark, straightening the road at the meadows at Harrison, and crossing the Passaic river at Market street. In 1867 the New Jersey Railroad and Transi)ortation Company was consolidated with the Camden and Amboy Railroad, under the name of the United Railroads of New Jersey. In 187 1 the United Railroads of New Jersey were leased to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for 999 years, and the Pennsylvania Railroad now control over 550 miles of railroads in New Jersey. They are building a new branch, which will cross the Passaic river near the Lister Agricultural Chemical Works in the Twelfth ward, extend through the Twelfth, Tenth and Fourteenth wards, and joins the main line again near Waverly. This will make a short cut for fast freight and through passenger traffic. The company will probably build a spur to r.ach the western sec- tion of the city. The Lehigh Valley Railroad use the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks as far as Metuchen. They are also building a short cut through the lower part of Newark, and the two roads are constructing an immense freight yard in the lower portion of the Fourteenth ward. The Morris and Essex Railroad, which is one of the principal railroads entering the city of New- ark, was constructed in 1855, and originally extended only from Morristown to the Meadows, in Har- XFJVARK AND ITS PO/XTS OF fN7 ERKST. ' 35 rison, where it connected with the New Jersey Railroad Company, over which road passengers were car- ried to New York. In subsequent years the road was extended beyond Morristown to Easton, and in i860 it was extended from Newark to Hoboken,and the tunnel through Bergen Hill was built. The road has been leased for many jears to the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, who are now operating it, as well as the Bloomfield branch, and have made many improvements. The Erie railroad reaches Newark by way of the Newark and Paterson Railroad, which it practically owns. Its depots are at the foot of Fourth avenue, at Chester avenue, and in Woodside. This road affords accommodation to a large number of people in the northern part of the city, as does the New York and Greenwood Lake Railroad, which extends from Greenwood Lake to Jersey City, a distance of over fifty miles. This road and its Orange branch, enter the city at its extreeme northern boundry. The Newark and New York Railroad is a branch of the Central Railroad, and affords communica- tion with New York to a very large number of people residing in the heart of the city. It also has branches extending to Elizabeth, and to all the sea shore resorts along the Jersey coast, and in the Sum- mer .season is patronized by hundreds of Newark business men, who go backwards and forwards between the city and their Summer homes. KEWARK BRIDGES. The Passaic River is spanned at Newark by eight bridges, five of which belong to the railroads, the others being exclusively for vehicles and pedestrians. Two of the five railroad bridges have accom- modations for pedestrians also, so that there are really five bridges that can be used for foot travel. With two exceptions, all these bridges are handsome and substantial iron structures, on which large sums of money have been expended. Of the three bridges devoted to public travel, two are the joint property of the counties of Essex and Hudson, and one is the property of a private corporation, which still exacts a toll for crossing it. Of the railroad bridges, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company has two, and the Dela- ware, Lackawanna and Western, Erie and New York and Greenwood Lake companies, one each. The oldest of the inter-county bridges is what is called the Newark Free Bridge. It crosses the river at the foot of Bridge street, Newark, and connects that city with the town of Harrison, in Hudson county. It is the oldest bridge over the Passaic, and has been in existence from the time when "the memory of man runneth not to the contrary." It was formerly the property of a turnpike company, which maintained a wretched road between Newark and Jersey City, and had bridges over both the Passaic and Hackensack rivers, exacting a toll at each. In 1872 the bridge over the Passaic was pur- chased of the turnpike company by the counties of Essex and Hudson, for $70,000, under an act passed by the Legislature for that purpose. Each county paid one half, or $3.S,ooo, and the bridge has been in the care of a joint committee of the Boards of Chosen Freeholders of the two counties ever since. In 1880 the bridge was rebuilt, and a handsome and substantial structure of stone and iron was erected at a cost of $125,000, each county paying one half. Another bridge used for public travel is the Plank Road bridge, and is situated in the southeastern end of the city, on the old Plank Road, between Newark and Jersey City. It is on the route most fre- quented by teamsters travelling between the two places, and a toll is exacted for crossing it. The bridge IS a miserable and unsightly affair, although the company receives a large revenue from their tolls. The Clay Street Free Bridge is a substantial iron and stone structure, at the foot of Clay street, and connects the two municipalities of Newark and Kearny. It was built at an expense of $75,000, Essex and Hudson counties each bearing one half of the cost. This bridge was the result of long years of persistent effort and agitation, and was mainly due to the labors of Freeholders Kinsey, of Essex, and Tierney, of Hudson, who carried the scheme through in their respective Board of Freeholders in the face of con- siderable difficulty. The building of this bridge affords accommodation to a number of large manufactur- ing establishments on either side of the river, which before the bridge was completed were compelled to send their teams a long distance out of their way in order to make their crossings. An electric railroad .:!6 NEUARK AND ITS FOISTS OF INTEREST. is about to be constructed between Newark and Arlington, and this bridge will afford them means to cross the river. The bridge has an ample draw, which is opened and closed by a steam engine. The Pennsylvania Railroad has two fine iron bridges over the river, one at Market street and one at Centre street. Both are massive structures with draws operated by steam, and the Centre street bridge has a sidewalk for pedestrians. It is used by thousands of persons daily. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company has also a fine iron bridge across the Passaic, with a draw operated by steam. Foot passengers are not allowed on this bridge. The Erie Railroad Company has an iron and frame bridge at the foot of Fourth avenue, and there is a foot path on it over which thousands of people cross daily on their way to and fro between their homes in Newark and the large mills on the opposite bank. HEWARK AS THE COUHTY SEAT. Newark has been the County Seat of Esse.x County for over two hundred years. The House of .\ssembly of the Province of New Jersey, in 1675 passed a law making provision for the establishment of courts in the State, and enacted that Newark and Elizabethtown should form a county, but no name was given to the county, nor were its boundaries very definitely settled. The name of Essex was first applied to the county in the year 1682, in an "act to erect County Courts," in which it was provided that the services of the courts should be held in Newark and Elizabethtown. The boundaries of Essex County were definitely established in an act passed by the House of Assembly January 21, 1710, in which it was enacted : "That the County of Essex shall begin at the mouth of the Raway River, where it falls into the sound, and so to run up the said Raway River to Robeson's Branch, thence west to the division line between the eastern and western division, and so to follow the said division line to Pequaneck River, where it meets Passaick River, thence down Pessaick River to the Bay and Sound, thence down the Sound to where it began." These limits were altered on November 4, 1741, when a part of Essex County was annexed to Somerset. In 1837 Passaic County was formed from the northern part of Essex, and in 1687 Union County was set off from the southern portion. In 1692 Essex County was divided into three townships, known as Newark, Elizabethtown and Aquackanock. The first build- ing used as a court house in Essex County was the church or meeting house of the Presbyterian congre- gation, which was built in 1668 and i66g. The site of this building was on Broad street, near where No. i Engine Company's house now is. In 1686 and 1687, mention is made in some of the records of the county prison, but exactly where that prison stood is not known, but it is believed to have stood near the meetinghouse. About the year 1700, a brick jail was built on Broad street south of the church. The upper story was used for years as a court room. The courts after 1791 were held in the old building on Broad street, which was abandoned by the Presbyterians for their present church structure. In the beginning of the present century there was a bitter contest between Newark and Elizabeth, as to which was to have the court house in its limits, as it was evident that a new court house must be built. The election lasted three days,and in these elections women were allowed to vote. This permission, however,was confined only to single women and widows, the law expressly excluding "married women, idiots, infants, lunatics, paupers, Indians and slaves." In 1810 a new court house was erected on the corner of Broad and Walnut streets where Grace Church now- stands. It was a large three-story brick building and also contained the jail. This building was burned August r5, 1835. The present court house, vk-hich stands at the junction of Market street and Springfield avenue, was built in 1837. It is a two-story brown stone building and resembles an Egyptian tomb in appearance. It is a very uncomfortable and ill-ventilated structure and is very unsuitable for the present needs of the county. It has several patch-work additions, notably the County Clerk's office. Prosecutor's and Grand Jury rooms. The County Register's oflice ad- joins the court house on the south and is a handsome three-story brown stone structure. The upper story is used by the Board of Chosen Freeholders, and the other two stories are used by the Register ot Deeds and Mortgages for the keeping of records of these important instruments. In the court house h'EWARK AND ITS POINT S OF INTEREST. are to be found the offices of the Sheriff, Surrogate, County Cierk, County Auditor, and County Col lector. The County Clerk is also the clerk of all the courts of the county, with the exception of the Orphans' court, of which the Surrogate is clerk. In the County Clerk's ofifice are to be found all the ancient records of the courts as well as those of later date, and the records of the roads of the county, as well as many other important documents of great value to the public. On the second storv of the court house are two large court rooms, the one on the south side being known as the Circuit Court room and the one on the north as the Common Pleas and Sessions Court Room. New Jersey follows the ancient English practice of having separate courts for law and equity practice. It is only the law courts that are held in the court house. The Equity courts, or as they are termed in New Jersey, the Chancery Courts, have their headquarters in Trenton, and are presided over by the Honorable Alexander McGill, , . - - Chancellor of New Jer;:ey. There are, however, two large Chancery Court Rooms X in the Liverpool and London and Globe I building, where the Chancellor frequently mk holds court, and where Vice Chancellor "fj^ and Advisory Masters are almost daily in attendance, hearing motions and trying causes. The Vice Chancellors are Abram V. Van Fleet, J. V. Bird, Henry C. Pitney and Robert S. Green. The Advisory Mas- ters are: Washington B. Williams and John R. Emory. Vice Chancellor Van Fleet is a resident of Newark, as are the two advisory masters. The law courts are divided into the Circuit Court, where the more important civil suits are tried, the Court of Common Pleas, where minor civil cases are disposed of, the Court of Oyer and Terminer, where cases of mur- der and very grevious criminal offenses are tried; the Court of Quarter Sessions and Court of Special Sessions, in both of which the bulk of the criminal business of the county is done. The Circuit Court is presided over by Judge David A. Depue, who is one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the State. Judge Depue also pre- sides over the court of Oyer and Terminer, and when sitting in that court has one of the Common Pleas judges associated with him. Judge Depue has held his present position since 1866. He is regarded as one of the ablest jurists that has ever adorned the Supreme Court bench, and is one of the most influential members of the Supreme Court. He is beloved and respected by the entire com- munity. The court of Common Pleas is composed of a President Judge, who is a lawyer, and two Asso- ciate Judges, who are laymen. The present judges are: President Judge, Andrew Kirkpatrick; Lay Judges, Michael J. Ledwith and Dr. Carl F. Buttner. These judges are also the judges of the Court of Quar- ter Sessions and of the Court of Special Sessions. The latter court sits every Monday and tries the cases of persons accused of crime who, for the purpose of having a speedy trial, are willing to waive the right of trial by jury. These same judges are also the judges of the Orphans' Court, where matters re- lating to wills, the settlement of estates, the guardianship of children, etc., are disposed of. The present county officers are: Dr, Edward DeL. Bradin, Dr Charles Schwartz and Dr. Michael J. NoKJH E.ND Clul; House. 3S XEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST Phelin; Sheriff, Jacob Haussling; County Clerk, Samuel A. Smith; Surrogate, John B. Dusenbery; Reg- ister, Richard F. Cogan; Prosecutor of the Pleas, Elvin W. Crane; Assistant Prosecutor of the Plea&. Louis Hood, County Auditor, Hugo Geissele; Assistant County Auditor, Harry Housel; County Collec- tor, Thomas J. Regan; Clerk of the Grand Jury, Walter J. Knight. The judges of the court and the prosecutor of the pleas are appointed by the Governor of the State. The assistant prosecutor is ap- pointed by the prosecutor, the Coroners, Sheriff, Clerk, Surrogate and Register, are elected by the people The Audiior, Assistant Auditor and Collector are appointed by the Board of Chosen Freeholders. The Clerk of the Grand Jury is appointed by the judges of the court. The present county jail was built in 1837. It occupies the entire block bounded by the Morns canal on the north. New street on the south, Wilsey street on the east and Newark street on the west. There are about two hundred prisoners confined there on the average all the year round. A very large and substantial addition is being constructed to the jail, which will give about ninety more cells. The jail is in charge of Roger Marshall, Warden. In addition to the jail the county maintains a large penitentiary at Caldwell, some eight miles from Newark. This building was erected about fifteen years ago. It stands in the midst of a large farm, on which there is a valuable stone quarry. The convicts in the penitentiar)- nre employed in getting stone out of the quarry, and breaking it up for the making of the county roads- Others of them work upon the farm. The penitentiary is in charge of Warden John Murray, and it is justly regarded as one of the best managed penal institutions in the country. The affairs of the County of Essex are administered by the Board of Chosen Freeholders, which is composed of eleven members, one from each assembly district of the county, and a Director, who is the presiding officer of the Board, and is elected by the people of the county at large. This Board has charge of all the financial affairs of the county, the care and maintenance of the bridges m various portions of the county, the jail, penitentiary and lunatic asylum. The present members of the Board are: Director, Dr. Eugene F. Tiessler, of Orange; James Peck, of East Orange; Owen Cahill, Cornelius Leary, Frank McGuinness, John Scanlan, Peter Muilin, Soloman Dejonge, Thomas W. Kinsey, Ellis R. Carhuff, of Newark; Charles W. Winckler, of Orange. Of this Board Messrs. Peck, Kinsey, Carhuff and Winckler are Republicans, the others a.e Democrats. Mr. Peck has been a member of the Board for about thirty years. The officers of the Board are: Director, Dr. Eugene F. Tiessler; Clerk, Joseph Atkinson; County Counsel, Frederick W. Stevens; County Collector, Thomas J. Regan; County Auditor, Hugo Geissele; Assistant Auditor, Harry Housel; County Physician, Dr. James T. Wrightson; Warden of County Jail, Roger Marshall; Warden of Penitentiary. John Murray; Super- intendent of County Lunatic Asylum, Dr. Livingston S. Hinckley; County Engineer, James Owen; Superintendent of Public Works, Michael Conroy. The County Lunatic Asylum is an institution of which the people of Essex County are especially proud. It was started some seventeen or eighteen years ago in a small frame building on Camden street, on a lot which was owned by the City of Newark, and which had been purchased by the city for hos- pital purposes. The building was erected on what was known as the pavilion plan and was placed in charge of Major John Leonard as warden and Dr. J. A. Cross at physician. The asylum had its origin in the dissatisfaction which the members of the Board of Freeholders felt at the treatment the patients of 'Essex County were receiving at the State Lunatic .\sylums at Trenton and Morris Plains. The county asylum proved itself a -success from the outset and grew continually. New buildings were added at frequent intervals, until the asylum occupied an immense series of buildings. These, howeven were but miserable frame structures, totally unsuited to the needs of a great institution such as the Essex County asylum had grown to be, and several years ago the Board of Freeholders purchased a large tract of land on South Orange avenue, near the city line, and began the erection thereon of an imposing and substantial brick structure, four stories high. Just before the building was finished and ready for occupation, Major Leonard, the Warden, to whose wise, humane and judicious management the success of the asylum was largely due, resigned, and Dr. L. S. Hinckley was appointed Superintendent to suc- ceed him. Dr. Hinckley opened the new asylum and has been in charge several years. Hebrought about many improvements in the management, and has introduced many novel features in the care and treat- ^nant of the in-sane He has made the Essex, County T^unatic Asvlnm one of the model institutions in NEWARK AND /TS POINTS OF INTEREST ,^9 the Union for the care of the insane. The percentage of cures here is larger than in any institution in the country. The original asylum building has been added to several times until now there is a vast system of massively constructed, well ventilated, well lighted and cheerful buildings. These buildings were all erected with the greatest care and attention to sanitary matters. They were constructed under the personal supervision of Messrs. Staehlin &: Steiger, who are among the leading architects of New Jersey, and have given a great deal of attention to the erection of public buildings. There are at present nearly four hundred and fifty patients in the asylum. The institution is under the immediate care of the Committee on Lunacy of the Board of Freeholders. It costs the County of Essex about $75,000 to main tain the institution. MAHUFACTURING IHDUSTRIES- Newark is frequently called the Birmingham of America, and it well deserves the title, foi within Its limits are over 1,200 firms engaged in manufacturing, turning out millions of dollars worth of goods annually, giving employment to tens of thousands of working people and having a capital of over $40,- 000,000 invested in its manufactures. Newark is the third city in the Union in the extent and variety of its manufactures and one of its establishments alone does a business of over $10,000,000 a year. An- other gives employment to fully 4,000 hands, and its works cover acres of ground on both sides of the river. In several branches of manufacture Newark is acknowledged to lead all other cities in the coun- try and any article that bears the stamp of a Newark manufacturer finds a ready sale in any market, for the reason that it is universally acknowledged that Newark Artisans turn out only the best of goods. During the first century the growth of the manufacturing industries of the town was steady but slow, always thrifty, owing to the industry and frugality of the settlers and their descendants. The apple was planted quite extensively soon after the settlement, for in 1682 Governor Carteret, writing to the Proprietors in England, said: "At Newark is made great quantities of cider exceeding any that we can have from New England, Rhode Island or Long Island." The reputation for making a superior quality of cider has been maintained ever since. This is the first mention that I find in searching the early his- tory of Newark of manufactured goods. The first shoe maker came here about the year 1676, and the first tannery was started in the "swamp," now part of Market street, in 1698. The progress of manufacturing goods in the town of Newark, during the eighteenth century, was not very rapid, beyond what was needed for home consumption. Toward the close of the century shoe- making was the most prominent industry, and many who attended their' farms during the growing sea- son, turned their attention to shoe-making in Winter. About the same time the manufacturing of carriages and leather was begun on a larger scale. In a description of the town written in the year 1806. it is represented as one of the most flourishing and prosperous in the United States, noted for its fine cider.carriages, coach-lace and quarries. F'rom the year 1806 until 1830 the town grew rapidly both in population and wealth, with a \cry noticeable increase in the variety of articles manufactured for other than home markets. In 1830 a com- mittee, of whom Charles H. Halsey was Chairman, made a careful canvass of the town to learn the magnitude of the manufactured products. In this report it is stated, among the leading industries car- ried on in Newark, are carriages, shoes, hats, and saddlery hardware. The decade between i860 and 1870 was an eventful one, bringing about many and important changes in the industries of Newark. The breaking out of the civil war suddenly cut off a market for many articles of manufactured goods which were made up expressly for the South. The check upon the sales, with the total loss of the outstanding debts, cramped and strained many of our then stanchest houses, who were forced from these causes to curtail, retire from business, or turn their capital and ma- chinery from their legitimate channels to that of producing a different class of goods. Fortunately for many the Government soon became a large, reliable and steady customer for all kinds of articles needed In supply the wants of a large armv. Newark manufacturers were not slow in adapting their factories tr> NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF rNTERF.ST furnish these articles in unlimited quantities, and they reaped a harvest of prosperity, at the same time adding new laurels to this city as a place where large quantities of goods were manufactured; and these goods were seldom if ever condemned by Government inspectors. Every factory was run to its utmost capacity, and there is no doubt that manufacturers made money faster than during any previous period in our history. The manufacturing of jewelry was started in this city in the early part of the present century by Epaphras Hinsdale, with a small capital and only half a dozen of hands employed. This firm was a*"terwards Hinsdale & Taylor. Then came Downing & Phelps, and Caring- ton & Baldwin, and later still, Tay- lor & Baldwin. In 1836 there were four jewelry establishments in New- ark, employing 100 men and having an annual product of $225,060. This branch of industry has from the start improved steadily, and now in 1880, three-quarters of a century since Mr. Hinsdale began business here, there have grown up among us seven- ty-two establishments, with a capital of $2,501,899, employing 2,535 hands, paying in \vages$i,094,oi6, giving an annual product of $4,632,827, and if we add to this the product of gold and silver refining and smelting, we have the enormous amount of annual productions of $13,427,427. One of the chief advantages which Newark possesses over other cities is its prox- imity, to New York, where it is said twenty-five per cent, of the jewelry trade of America is transacted, and the manufacturers of Newark can thus enjoy the advantages of meeting leading wholesalers from all parts of the United States and Canada on their visits to that city twice a year. In the matter of rents the advan- tages enjoyed by the Newark manu- facturers over those of New York are readily seen, not to mention that of labor, which averages less in this city (owing to cost of living). Newark enjoys another advantage from the fact that it is known far and wide as a jewelry center, thus attracting skilled workmen from all parts of Europe. To be successful in this business new designs must be constantly added, and many of the best and most attractive designs are furnished by foreigners, although they frequently have to be modified for the American trade. Thus it will be seen Newark offers to the manufacturers many advantages not possessed by other cities. The leather business — that is, tanning and currying of hides and skins— has a history similar to jewelry, and is now the largest single interest that is carried on in Newark. Arthur W. Moore, of Moore & Co., M'f'g Jeweler;;. NEWARK .I.Vn ITS rO/.VTS OF rXTF.R EST. \\ The manufacturing of hats is one of the industries started at an early period in Newark, and one that has maintained its position in the foremost ranks of our profitable industries. The manufacturing of boots and shoes, that was the first and leading industry of Newark, at which two-thirds of the inhabitants of the town were employed in the beginning of the present century, has not kept pace with, nor has it held its position with some of the branches started. The manufacturing of trunks wasbegun here early in the present century, but made slow progress until 1850. It is now among the leading industries of Newark, and it was made so by the men who are now actively engaged in the business. Saddlery hardware is another important and large interest in this city. The manufacture of malt liquors is a large and growing interest in Newark. In 1830 there were only two breweries in the town, either of which would be considered very small concerns when com- pared with the mammoth establishments now in successful operation in Newark. There are at present twenty-six breweries and one malt-house in this city, with a capital of $2,592,300, employing 536 men, paying them in wages $329,800, and manufacturing 601,161 barrels of beer and ale, these, with other salable products, making a gross annual total of $4,508,707. All of Newark's factories and workshops are busy and prosperous. Four large thread works, a linoleum factory, licorice factory, mammoth chemical, zinc and smelting works (one of the latter doing a business of $13,000,000 a year), are all to be found in the limits of this city or its suburbs on the opposite banks of the Passaic. There are three large steel works here, and, indeed, it is hard to tell anything that is not made in Newark. The leather industry is an immense one, and is growing all the lime. Newark is noted the world over for its fine jewelry. The manufacture of celluloid, which was begun in Newark a few years ago, in a very small way, has now swelled to vast proportions, and extended from this city to various parts of the country. Already there are several large factories in the city employing hundreds of hands. Recently all the celluloid interests in the country have been consolidated under the management of one company, known as the Celluloid Company, with a capital of $6,000,000, and it is probable that in a short time all the celluloid factories in other parts of the country will be closed, and the entire busi- ness removed to Newark. BOARD OF TRADE. The Newark Board of Trade was organized in 1868. Its first president was Thos. W Dawson and its first secretary. Col. G. N. Abeel. The objects of the Board are : " The promotion of trade; the giving a proper direction and impetus to all commercial move- ments; the encouragement of intercourse between business men; the improvement of facilities for trans- portation; the diffusion of information concerning the trade, manufactures and other interests of the city of Newark; the co-operation of this with similar societies in other cities, and the promotion and de- velopment of the commercial, industrial and other interests of said city." The present officers of the Board are: President, Col. A. L. Bassett; Vice-Presidents, Jas. E. Flemming, Samuel Atwater, John B. StobiEus; Secretary, P. T. Quinn; Treasurer, E. L. Joy; Directors, Jas. A. Coe, Henry M. Doremus, Geo. S. Duryee, E. Luther Jo)', R. G. Salomon, S. S. Sargeant, Wm. A- lire, Geo. W. Weidenmayer, Geo. A. Williams. The Standing Committees of the Board are: Arbitra- tion — James VV. Miller, Benjamin Atha, Joseph Coult, Samuel C. Howell. Manufacturers — C. T. Williamson, Hugh Smith, C. W. Wheeler, Thomas Hagstoz, Theodore E. Beck. Joseph Colyer, W. B. Durand, A. E. Seliger. Railroad Interests — S. J. Meeker, A. Q. Keasbey, Wm. Clark, David T. Campbell, James E. Flemming, B. W. Hopper, H. H. Mundy. Passaic River — A. 6. Twitchell, George B. Swain, John H. Ballantine, P. Saridford Ross-, James S. Higbie, Edward Balbach, J. W. Hyatt, Walter Tompkins Legislation— A. F. R. Martin, R. Wayne Parker, Chandler W. Riker, M. T. Barrett, Gottfried Krueger, P. T. Quinn, John V. Diefenthaeler. New Business — Wm. A. Ure, J. Watts Kearny, W. Campbell Clark. Wm. E. Gordon, Cyrus Peck, Elias S Ward, Lott Southard, M. D The present membership of the Board is two hundred and thirty. 42 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST CHURCHES OF HEW ARK, Newark is fairly a rival of Brooklyn in the claim to be called the "City of Churches." There are one hundred and ten churches in the city as well as a large number of mission chapels. Of the churches ihe Presbyterians have twenty; the United Presbyterians, one; the Reformed, nine; the Congregationalists, two; the Baptists, fifteen; the Episcopalians, eleven; the Reformed Episcopalians, one: the Methodists. The Peddif. Mkmori.m, B.^pxisr Church. eighteen; the Methodist Protestants, one; the Lutherans, four; the Swedenborgians,two; the Roman Catholics, nineteen; and the Jews have five Synagogues. The Presbyterian denomination was the first to gain a foothold in Newark, and, indeed, the history of that denomination is coeval with that of the city. For many years the entire city was run as a branch of the Presbyterian Church The town meetings were held in the First Presbyterian Church and all the NEWARK AND fTS POINTS OF INTEREST. 43 affairs of the town were regulated by that body. The oldest of the Presbyterian churches is the First Church, which stands on Broad street, near Mechanic. The present edifice is one hundred years old, having been dedicated in January, 1791. The centennial of its dedication was observed in the early part of January, 1891, with impressive services, when Rev. David R. Frazer, D. D., the pastor, delivered in interesting historical sketch of the early history of the present church edifice and spoke of some of the eminent men of the State who have been connected with that parish. The congregation of the First kA._: LsiKKlwK y.\ I'hiUilh .M K.M. ■ K I Ai. ^HlkCH. Presbyterian Church numbers among its membership some of the wealthiest and most influential men of Newark. Rev. Dr. MacWhorter, who was its pastor one hundred years ago, was one of the most active and influential of the Revolutionary patriots, and the Rev. Jonathan F. Sterns, D. D.,who was its pastor during the Civil War, was also eminent for his patriotism and his devotion to the cause of the Union. On the Monday when the news of Fort Sumter reached Newark, one of the first places from which the National flag was displayed, was the steeple of the First Church. A crowd collected in front of the building and Dr. Sterns addressed them, delivering a stirring Union speech. This church has in connection with its church edifice a large and handsome two-story brown stone build- ing, containing lecture and Sunday school rooms, ladies' parlors, and other apartments for church work 44 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST The congregation of this church are liberal contributors to benevolent objects of all kinds, as well as. to domestic and foreign missions, and have done much towards building up younger and weaker parishes in other parts of the city. The Second Presbyterian Church, which is situated on Washington street, corner of James, facing on Washington Park, has a beautiful brown stone edifice with a lofty steeple. This structure was erected a few years ago, and is one of the handsomest churches in town. The history of the church dates back to i8io, when the congregation was formed. The first church building was erected in 1811. The church is very strong and maintains one or tvvo flourishing missions in other sections of the city. The present pastor is the Rev. J. Pleasant Hunter. The Third Presbyterian Church, which stands on Broad street, near Hill, was organized 1824. and is also very strong financially, and socially its members are among the leading men of the city. It present pastor is the Rev. A. Nelson Hollifield, who is one of the ablest preachers in the city. The Park Presbyterian Church, which occupies a remarably handsome brown stone edifice on the corner of Belleville avenue and Kearny street, is the largest in membership of any Presbyterian church in New Jersey. Its present pastor, the Rev. J. Clement French, D. D.,who has been in charge since October, 1879, is one of the most eloquent, genial and popular preachers in Newark, and is constantly in demand for lectures and public gatherings. The No. Park Church on Aqueduct street is an off-shoot of this church. The leading churches of the Reformed denomination are the First, on Market street near Beaver, the north on Broad, opposite Washington, Park and the Clinton Avenue on the corner of Clinton avenue and Halsey street. All of these have large and handsome buildings and are in a flourishing condition as regards membership and finances. The principal Congregational church is the Belleville Avenue Congregational, which is near Fourth avenue, and occupies a very unique brown stone edifice. Its pastor is the Rev. Samuel Loomis. The Baptists, who have fifteen churches, are very strong in Newark. The leading church of this denomination is the Peddie Memorial, which is situated on the corner of Broad and Fulton streets. This is a unique and beautiful edifice, constructed of Indiana lime stone. The style of architecture is a combination of Romanesque and Byzantine. The interior is remarkably handsome. The church and the ground on which it stands cost $355,000. It was erected mainly through the munificence of the late Thomas B. Peddie, who was twice mayor of Newark, twice a member of Congress and one of Newark's leading business men. The church furnished $107,000 of this amount. Mr. Peddie came to Newark a poor boy from Scotland, and by his own industry, thrift and business ability built up an immense trunk and bag business, amassed a fortune and in the last years of his life built this church as a mark of his gratitude to God for the manner in which He had prospered him. Mr. Peddie died before the completion of the building and his widow generously carried out his intentions and completed the building. On the anniversary of his death in February, 1891, she endowed the church, giving it a building in Chamber street. New York, with $125,000, the income of which is to be devoted to sustaining the church. The First Baptist, as the Peddie Memorial Church was originally called, has always been one of the leading churches of Newark. Its pastor during the Civil War, Rev. Henry Clay Fisk, D. D., was one of a coterie of brilliant and patriotic pastors, who did much toward moulding the public sentiment in favor of the Union cause. The church sent many men to the front. Its present pastor is the Rev. W. W. Boyd, D D., who is one of the most eloquent and original pulpit orators in Newark, a man who takes an active in- terest in public affairs, and is beloved and esteemed by all who know him. Trinity Church is the oldest of the Episcopal churches, and its history dates back to a period anterior to the Revolutionary War. The first services of the Episcopal church were held in Newark about 1736, and the first church edifice wat built in 1743, on tbe site now occupied by the present struc- ture. The corner stone of the present church was laid May 22, 1809, and the building was consecrated May 21, 1810. Trinity church has always been a pronouncedly Low or Evangelical church. The con- gregation are liberal contributors to the cause of domestic and foreign missions. I Grace Church is the second of the Episcopal churches, and had its origin in services that were held over a savings bank on Broad street, and afterwards in a building on Market street, subsequently occupied by a livery stable. The church was organized in 1837, with the Rev. George T. Chapman, D. XF.JVARK ASrn ITS POfXTS OF r.XTF.RFST 4; D., as its first rector. The present church edifice, on the corner of Broad and Walnut streets, was built in 1848. A new chancel and sanctuary and parish building were added a few years ago at a cost of$5o,ooo. The church is overgrown which ivy brought from England by the late Bisliop Doane. Grace Church is one of the most pronouncedly "Ritualistic" churches in Newark. Its music is rendered by a vested choir of men and boys, and it has the credit of having the finest musical service of any church in tht- State of New Jersey. Its Rector is the Rev. George M. Christian, who is the most eloquent and able preacher in the Episcopal church in New Jersey. Christ Church is the third of the Episcopal churches in Newark, and was organized in 1849 It has a beautiful altar and Reredos erected to the memory of the late Bishop Odenheimer. The House of Prayer, which stands on the corner of Broad and State streets, is one of the prettiest of the Episcopal churches in Newark. This church has been one of the pioneers in the Ritual- istic or Catholic movement in the Diocese of Newark, and is^noted for its elaborate ceremonial and fine music. It has a large and commodious Sunday school and parish building, and there are two sisters of the order of St. Margaret attached to the parish, who work among the sick and poor. The other Episcopal churches are St. Paul's, on the corner of High and Market streets, St. Phillip's (colored), on High street, St. Matthew's (German) on Kinney street, St. Stephen's, on Clinton avenue, St. Barnabas', on Susse.\ avenue, St. John's, on Ehvood avenue and St. James', on Belleville avenue. The Methodist denomination is remarkably strong in Newark, and numbers among its member- ship some of the most prominent and influential citizens of Newark. The leading church of this de- nomination is St. Paul's, on the corner of Broad and Marshall streets, which has recently been enlarged and improved at a cost of $15,000. Next in importance to this comes the Central M. E. Church, on Market street. Among the other leading Methodist churches are St. Luke's, on Clinton avenue, the Centenary, on the corner Summer avenue and Kearny street, the Halsey Street Church, on Halsey street, near New, and the Roseville M. E. Church, on the corner of Orange street and Bathgate place. The latter is one of the most beautiful and imposing churches in Newark. The Roman Catholic Church is growing in numbers and importance faster than any other de- nomination in Newark. The leading church in Newark is St. Patrick's Cathedral, on the corner of Central avenue and Washington streets. The church has a fine parochial school building on Central avenue, a home under the care of the Christian Brothers, and a young ladies' academy on Washington street, under the care of the Sisters of Charity. The oldest Catholic church in Newark is St. John's, on Mulberry street. This also has a flourish- ing parochial school and Sister's home. Among other prominent churches in Newark are St. James', on Lafayette street, St. .\loysius', on the Bowery, St. Michael's, on Belleville avenue, and St. Joseph's, on Warren street. HEWARK'S CHARITABLE INSTITUTIOHS. Newark is noted for the number and extent of its charities, and if there are any poor or sick persons in the city who are not properly cared for it is not for a lack of suitable institutions to meet their cases. The oldest of the charitable institutions of the city is the Female Charitable Society, whose headquarters are located in a handsome three-story brick building on the corner of Halsey and Hill streets. The object of this society is not so much to give alms as it is to help poor women to help themselves. The society conducts a day nursery for children, where women can leave their little ones when they go out to work; a laundry where women are taught washing and ironing, a sewing room and a department where young girls are instructed in general housework. Its Board of Managers is composed of the leading ladies of Newark. ^6 XEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST The Orphan Asylum, whose building is on the corner of High and Bleecker streets, and the Protestant Foster Home, whose building is on the corner of Belleville avenue and Van Wagenen streets, are doing a noble work in caring for poor and neglected children, who, otherwise, would be without a home, as is also the Home for the Friendless on South Orange avenue. Each of these institutions numbers among its managers representatives of the leading families of the city. Newark has six hospitals, all of which are model institutions. The oldest of them is St. Barnabas, which occupies a large and handsome brick structure on the corner of High and Montgomery streets. This hospital is in charge of the Sisters of St. Margaret, and its business affairs are managed by a Board of Trustees composed of the Bishop of the Episcopal diocese of Newark and representatives of all the Episcopal churches of Newark and vicinity. The largest hospital in the city is St. Michael's, on the corner of High street and Central avenue, which is an institution of the Roman Catholic Church, and is in charge of the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis. There is also a Woman's Hospital and an Eye and Ear Infirmary in connection with this hospital. The other hospitals are the City Hospital, on Bank street and Fairmount avenue, the Women and Children's Hospital on South Orange avenue, the German Hospital on Bank and Wallace streets and the Newark Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary on Sterling street. Among the other charitable institutions of the city may be mentioned the Bureau of Associated Charities on Market street, the Children's Aid and Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children on the same street, the Gottfried Krueger Home for Aged Men at Irvington, the Newark City Home a reformatory institution at Verona, the Old Ladies' Home on Mt. Pleasant avenue, the Women's Chris- tian .\ssociation on Court street, the Women's Christian Association on Clinton street, and a number of orphanages and benevolent institutions in charge of the various sisterhoods of the Roman Catholic Church. THE WATER SUPPLY. Newark is supplied with water from the Passaic River, the water being taken from the stream at Belleville, about four miles above the heart of the city. As early as 1800 a company was incorporated under the title of the Newark Aqueduct Company, to supply the citizens of Newark with water. They derived their supply from Branch Brook and distributed the water over the city through wooden pipes. Some of these pipes are yet found in making excavations or sewers and other improvements in the various streets in the older parts of the town. In 1828 iron pipes were substituted for the wooden ones. The Newark Aqueduct Company, however, did but a limited business, and by i860, the need of a general supply for the entire city had become so apparent that the Newark Aqueduct Board was incorporated. By its act of incorporation the Aqueduct Board succeeded to all the capital stock, rights, franchises, lands and property of the Newark Aqueduct Company, the consideration being $100,000. The Aqueduct Board soon began making inquiries in regard to a new supply of water. Several sources were considered, but it was finally determined to utilize the Passaic river, which at that time was a beautiful, clear stream. .A large tract of property was purchased on the bank of the river at Belleville, a short distance above the settled portion of that village, and works were erected thereon. These works were completed in 1869, and have been several times added to. The water is pumped from the river by two 8,000,000 gallon Worthington pumps, two 5,000,000 gallon pumps, and from the river is forced to the distributing reservoir, which is located on the summit of a high hill a mile west of the river. From there it is carried in large distributing mains to two reservoirs in Newark, one known as the Low Service Reservoir, on Clifton avenue, and the other as the High Service Reservoir on South Orange and Fairmount avenues. The former supplies the low lying section of the city, and there is also a special high service system at the Clifton avenue pump house which supplies a section of the city that cannot be conveniently supplied by the High Service Reservoir, so that in point of fact the Clifton avenue reservoir supplies the major portion of the city. At both the Clifton avenue and South Orange avenue pump houses there are large and powerful pumps for the purpose of forcing MFAVARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST 47 the water over the city. As early as 1876 the Acnieduct Board and the citizens of Newark generally began considering the subject of a new source of water supply for the city, the consideration being forced upon them by the condition of the Passaic river, which was constantly being more and more polluted by sewage from Paterson and other places. Experiments were made with driven wells on the property of the Board at Belleville, but they proved to be any thing but satisfactory and the idea of utilizing them as a source of supply was abandonded. In 1878 the Aqueduct Board employed Messrs. J. J. R. Croes and Geo. W. Howell, two of the most eminent hy- draulic engineers in the United States, to examine and report upon the best source of supply for the city These engineers, after months of patient research, made a most elaborate and carefully written report, in which they advocated abandoning the Passaic altogether as a source of supply, and procuring water from the Pequannock region in Morris County. The cost of this was estimated at $4,000,000. This report has been the basis of everything that has ever since been written on the subject of water supply for Newark, Jersey City and adjacent places. The Aqueduct Board and the people of Newark generally stood aghast at the idea of spending $4,000,000 for anything, and the few people who were bold enough to advocate the adoption of the recommendations of Messrs. Croes and Howell were frowned down upon by almost the entire community, and told that they were trying to bankrupt the city. For years the matter of new water supply was allowed to remain in abeyance, except now and then there would be a sporadic revival of the subject and a rattling of dry bones among the old fossils of the city, who were thrown almost into convulsions at the prospect of being taxed for this new supply. The Aqueduct Board, however, did not altogether abandon the idea of getting a new supply. Indeed, the necessity of one was growing every year more apparent as the pollution of the river increased. The subject began to be discussed frequently at meetings of the Board of Trade and at citizens' meetings. Many sources of supply were considered, such as driven wells, artesian wells, a dual supply, that is one source for drinking and culinary purposes and another for manufacturing and like purposes; another project was to take the water from some of the many small ponds and lakes in the vicinity of Newark or in the adjoining counties of Morris and Sussex. Another project was to purify the Passaic river water by filtration. Nothing, however, was done in the matter until 1888, when a joint committee of the Common Council and the Aqueduct Board, with Mayor Haynes as chairman, was appointed to consider the subject of new water supply. This committee held a large number of meetings, considered all the various projects, and received proposi- tions from owners of water rights in Sussex and Morris Counties. Among the principal parties who offered to sell water to the city were the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, who had become possessed of valuable water privileges by having secured control of the franchises of the Morris Canal and Bank- ing Company, Julius H. Pratt, who also owned valuable water rights in the northern part of the State and W. A. Bartlett, who also had acquired large water privileges, including several lakes, in this section. All of these parties had availed themselves of the valuable information contained in Messrs. Croes and Howell's report, and had quietly set about acquiring all the water sheds, water rights and lakes which they could purchase, knowing that in time Newark and other cities would be obliged to come to them for a supply, the process of taking these sources of supply by condemnation being far too expensive to be thought of. In the early part of 1889 a report was presented by the joint committee favoring the ac- ceptance of a proposition made by the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, who were the owners of water rights in the Pequannock, VVynockie and Ramapo water sheds, who offered to sell the city a supply DUtright for $6,000,000, or to supply it with water by the million gallons for twenty-five years at the rate of $39 for each 1,000,000 gallons up to a consumption of 2,000,000 gallons per day, making a reduction on all water in excess of that amount until it shall reach the sum of $36 per million gallons. After I full discussion of the subject at several meetings of the Aqueduct Board and the Common Council^ I contract was finally drawn up, by the terms of which it was stipulated that a corporation to be known IS the East Jersey Water Company should be incorporated under the laws of the State of New Jersey, ind that the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company should guarantee the faithful performance of the contract )n the part of the East Jersey Water Company. The East Jersey Water Company agreed in the con- ract to supply the city with 27,000,000 gallons of water per day for a term of years, at the rate of $36 per ,000,000 gallons. In the contract it was expressly stipulated that the city was to have the option at any 48 S'F.WARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST time within eleven years of buying the entire plant, including reservoirs, pipe lines, conduits, etc., for $6,000,000 and issuing bonds running thirty years in payment for the same. The city at once exercised this option, and the East Jersey Water Company are now engaged in constructing an extensive system of reservoirs, conduits, etc., to supply the cit}' of Newark. The supply is to be taken from the Pequannock river region, where the water is of exceptional purity, and which is the very section most strongly recommended by Croes and Howell. Extensive reservoirs are being conducted at Oak Ridge, Macopin and Clinton in Morris County. These reservoirs are 350 feet above tide water, high enough to carry the water over the top of any buildingin Newark. The water will be constructed from these reservoirs in large steel or wrought iron pipes across the country down to the distributing reservoir in Belleville, from which place it will'be distributed into the mains leading to Newark and forced to all parts of the city by gravity> the pressure gained by the great headway of the water at its source of supply, owing to its extreme elevation being sufficient to carry it all over Newark without pump- mg. This will be a great saving to the taxpayers of Newark, as the cost of pumping amounts to nearly $100,000 a year. The new water works are to be completed and the water delivered to the city by May, 1892. When this is done Newark will have one of the finest water supplies in the Union. The water has been carefully examined by chemists, and found to be about the purest that is to be had east of the Rocky Mountains. Roma ILLK A\ KM K ROSBYILLE. Roseville, as that cluster of beautiful villa sites that skirt the line of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, along the elevated portion of the western limits of the city is called, *as once a separate township by that name, but for many years has been annexed to Newark, forming 'ts Eleventh ward. This is one of the most charming and desira- ble places of residence in the city. The ground is elevated, and the entire section is free from malar- ious influences, and the slope of the land is towards the river, affording natural advantages for drainage and sewerage. Rose- Pkesb\terian Church and Rosevili.e avexue. NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. 49 A ROSEVILI.E SlREET. \ ille is essentially a settlement of homes, being free from factories and nuisances of every kind. Its peo- ple are among the most refined, cultured and progressive in the city. There are three public schools, there are two Presbyterian, one Episcopal, one Roman Catholic, one Baptist and one Methodist church in the ward. Here also are a number Ri..4«:- ; '. ~~ ~1 of fine stores and a flourishing athletic club. with a handsome building and well ap- pointed grounds. In this ward are also some of Newark's most prominent charita- ble institutions, notably the Home for the .Aged, under the care of the Little Sisters of the Poor, the House of the Good Shepherd (an institution for the reformation of fallen women), and the Dominican Convent. The population of Roseville is 12,076, and the taxable value of property, $5,000,880. THE POLICE FORCE. Previous to 1850 there was no organ- ized day police force, and the police duty was performed by constables who were hired for that purpose from time to time, as occasion might require, although there was a niglit police force earlier than this, composed of a mere handful of men, mostly constables, who were known as the leather-head police. In 1850 the first marshal of police was appointed. His name was Whitbeck, and he used to have his headquarters on the second floor of Centre Market. The lockup about this time and for some years previous, was in the basement under the Court House on Market street. The cells that were used then are still in existence, and are sometimes exhibited to visitors as samples of the tortures inflicted on prisoners in bygone days. They are little, narrow apartments in which a man can hardly stand upright, and when the doors are closed are almost pitch dark. About a quarter of a century ago, one of the Essex county judges ordered a man locked up in one of these cells for con- tempt of Court. He became interested in a case he was trying and forgot all about the unfortunate prisoner, whom he had only in tended to lock up for a few min- utes, more for the purpose of frightening him than any thing else, and left him in the cell for three hours. When the man was taken out he was unconscious, and at first it was thought dead, but after working with him some time he recovered, and since that time these cells have never been used. Marshal Whitbeck went to Cali- fornia in 1853 or 1854, and Rich- ard Francisco was elected Chief Marshal and Eliphalet C. Blazier and Robert Lang Assistant Mar- shals. They also had their head- quarters over Centre Market. The city subsequently rented a brick \'iE\v FRo.M Athletic Club House NEWARK AJ\tD ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. building on Academy street, where the post office now stands, and established a police station there. Robert Lang was made Chief Marshal in 1856. In 1857 the police force was reorganized, and Henry C. Whitney was made Chief, and the headquarters were moved to the lower end of Centre Market, where a lockup was fitted up. In 1865, the Police Headquarters building was erected on William street in the rear of the City Hall, and for many years this was the only police station in Newark. About fifteen years ago the Second Precinct station house was opened in the City Armory building on Morris and Essex Railroad avenue. There are now four police station houses in Newark, as follows : the First Precinct, or Police Headquarters, on William street; the Second Precinct, on Morris and Essex Railroad avenue; the Third Precinct, on Ferry street; the Fourth Pre- cinct, on Springfield avenue. The police force of Newark for years was entirely under the control of the Common Council, and whenever the political complexion of that body changed there was a gen- eral overturning among the officers of the depart- ment, and wholesale removals even of patrolmen. For a few years past, however, the control of the department has been taken from the Common Council and placed in the hands of a non-partisan board of four Police Commissioners, two Repub- licans and two Democrats. Since then there has been a marked improvement in the morale and discipline of the force. The present Board of Po- lice Commissioners are : President John W. Strahan, (Democrat); Osceola Currier, (Republican); Ed- ward Maher, (Democrat); Henry Dilly, (Repub- lican); Joseph M. Cox is the secretary of the Board. The present Chief of Police is Henry Hopper, who has been a member of the force for over ten years, and entered the department as a patrolman. He was promoted to the position of Captain of the Second Precinct in 1887, and was made Chief of Police in 1887. Chief Hopper is a thorough disci- plinarian, a man fully conversant with all the require- ments of police duty, an agreeable and courteous gentleman and a man of unblemished reputation. He has brought the police force up to a remarkable standard of excellence, and in so doing has been ably seconded by the four captains under him, who are: Michael Corbitt, First Precinct; Andrew J. McManus, Second Precinct; William P. Daly, Third Precinct; Charles Glori, Fourth Precinct. All of these captains are men who have risen from the ranks and have won promotion by their merits. The force at present consists of one Chief of Police, four Captains, ten Lieutenants, fen Sergeants, five Detectives, under the command of Detective Sergeant Stainsby,i7o Patrolmen and six detailed men.one Police Surgeon,one Tru- ant Officer, one Electrician, four Drivers, one Stableman, and one Janitress. The city is now equipped with a police patrol signal system, by which through signal boxes placed at convenient intervals about the streets, the patrolmen can communicate with their respective station houses, and summon patrol wagons to their aid with a reserve force of men when needed, so that in case of riot or disturbance it would be possible to concentrate a large force of policemen at any given point in a few minutes. The Newark police force to day is a well disciplined body of men; neat and clean in their personal appearance and habits; well drilled in all the military movements and tactics necessary far them to know, so much so, in fact, that when marching through the streets of the city favorable comment from citizens is iieard on all sides. Li\ i:kF(ii)L l,(j.Miii.\ AM) Glohk BUILUIXU. NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. THE HEWARK FIRE DEPARTMEHT. The Fire Department of Newark is admitted by all firemen to be one of the best in the United States. The history of the department dates back to nearly a hundred years ago. In January, 1797, tl)e elegant residence of Judge Elisha Boudlnot, on Park place, caught fire and was burned down. This led to the organization of Newark's first fire company. A call was issued for a meeting of the inhabi- tants of Newark, who had subscribed and were willing to subscribe towards the purchase of a fire en- gine, to meet at the Court House on January 17, 1797, for the purpose of consulting 0:1 the purchase of an engine, and the formation of two fire companies. It does not appear, however, that an organization was effected on that evening, but on January 26th a company was formed, composed of the best men in the town. On February 6th, 1797, the Newark Fire Association was formally organized. The members of the association procured leathern fire buckets, and for many years afterwards these buckets were kept hanging in the halls of the leading residents of the city, where they could readily be grasped in case of fire. The first fire engine was a very rude affair, and even the few small fires that occurred in Newark at that time taxed it to its utmost capacity. The first serious fire that occurred in Newark was in 1805. when the largest store in town, which was situated on the corner of Broad and Orange streets, was burned down. About 1815, a second fire company was organized under the name of Relief Engine Co. No. 2. In 1819 Fire Company No. 3, was organized and a new engine, the first ever built in Newark, was brought into use. Somewhere about 1831, fire companies Nos. 4 and 5 were formed. In June, 1854, the Town Council, who had become disgusted at the disorders and insubordination in the various companies, took possession of the engine houses and locked them up, and then began the work of reorganizing the de- partment. The rowdy element was eliminated from the various companies and effective and well disci- plined companies were brought into existence. In i860, there were thirteen fire companies in Newark, and it was urged that there should be steam fire engines purchased. The project was bitterly opposed by many of the firemen. During this year, however, two steamers were procured, the Minnehaha and Washington. The former was operated by members of Exempt Engine Co. No. i. The Fire Depart- ment was again organized in 1888, when the control of the department was taken from the Common Council and placed in the hands of a non-partisan commission, composed of two Republicans and two Democrats, appointed by the Mayor. During the year 1889, the department was made to consist en- tirely of men paid to devote their whole time to the service, and the call system as it had heretofore ex- isted was abolished. Up to that time there had been a few men attached to each company who were paid to give their whole time to the service of the department, but the bulk of the department consisted of what are known as "call men," who were engaged at other avocations, and who on the sounding of the fire alarm bells dropped their work, ran to the scene of the fire and found their respective companies- Now the entire force is a permanent one, whose members are always on duty. The doing away of the call system has made a marked improvement in the discipline and efficiency of the force, which even prior to that time had a most excellent reputation all over the Union. The department now consists of eleven steam fire engine companies, one chemical engine company and three hook and ladder companies. The present Board of Fire Commissioners are President Edward Schickhaus, (Democrat); Hugh Kin- nard, (Democrat); Henry R. Baker, (Republican); Marcus L. DeVoursney, (Republican). The Secretary of the Board is Mr. J. Frank Hewson, who has held that office since the organization of the Board. The Chief Engineer is Robert Kiersted, who has held that office since 1885. Chief Kiersted has been connected with the department since boyhood, and has risen from the ranks by his own merits. He is one of the best firemen in the country, and is noted for his coolness and bravery at fires. He is a strict disciplinarian and at the same time is a genial and courteous gentleman, and is liked and respected by the men under him, while he possesses the confidence and esteem of the insurance underwriters, and of the business community generally. The headquarters of the fire department are on the corner of Hal- sey and Academy streets, and here the chief engineer has his office. Here also the inspector of build- ings is located. Chief Kiersted has a valuable coadjuter in the person of his clerk, Mr. Horace H. Brown, who has been Chief Engineer's clerk under several chiefs. Mr. Brown has been connected with 5 2 NEWARK AND ITS POINTS OF INTEREST. the fire department since boyhood, and knows more about its workings and its history and about fire matters generally than any other man in Newark. The Assistant Chief Engineer is William C. Astley, who has his headquarters at the chemical engine house on Market street. He is also an old fireman, hav- ing many years experience in various positions. Next in rank to him comes District Engineer Louis M. Price, who looks after the "Hill" section of the city and has his headquarters at No. 3 truck house. The fire department consists of 138 men as follows : one Chief Engineer, eleven Captains of steam engine companies, three Captains of truck companies, one Captain of chemical company, eleven drivers of steamers, eleven drivers of horse wagons, eleven engineers of steamers and eight or nine men attached to each steam engine company, nine men attached to each truck company, four men attached to chemical company, and seven men detailed for other purposes. The city has the Gamewell electric fire alirm system, which is in cha»-ge of Superintendent Adam Bosch, who has three linemen under him. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEWARK. PETERS & CALHOUN CO., Whole- sale Manufacturers of Fine Saddlery and Harness, Nos. 006 andgOSBroad street, Newark,N.J. New York Salesroom, 33 Warren street, corner Church street. Boston Salesroom, Nos. 54 and 56 Sudbury street. The Peters & Calhoun Company rank with the largest and most generally known wholesale manufacturers of fine saddlery and har- ness in the country, their productions having an unsurpassed reputation, and a very extensive sale among the most critical trade in all parts of the Union. The company have a New York salesroom at No. .33 Warren street, corner of Church street, and a Boston salesroom at 54 and 56 Sudbury street, their factory being located at Nos. 906 and 90S Broad street, in this city. This representative enterprise was inaugurated in 1836, by Messrs. Shugard & Macknet, and passed under the control of Messrs. Peters and Calhoun in 1874, being continued by that firm until it attained a magni- tude which caused the incorporation of the existing com- gany, ofwhich Mr. G. Willis Peters is president; Mr. Jno. L. edge, Treasurer; Mr. Clarence Peters, Secretary and Afsittant Treasurer, and Mr. George Peters, General Manager. The premises utilized, comprise Ave floors of the dimensions of 44x200 feet, and are equipped with an elabor- .ti-pliiiit of improved machinery, includinga .50 horse-power engine and boiler. Employment is at present given to 2.50 assistants, but the niunber varies greatly with the season, and the class of work most in demand, the company havmg had 1,100 hands on its pay-roll at one time. With such facili- ties it is almost unnecessary to add that the most extensive orders can be filled at short notice, while it is conceded among the trade, that no house quotes lower [prices fon equally desirable goods. 54 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEWARK. The Mutual Life Insurance Company €^:r JW^^mm^ ^STosrJte:. RICHARD A. McCURDY, President. ROBERT A. GRANNIS, Vice-President. IT HAS PAID TO POLICY HOLDERS SINCE ORGANIZATION OVER $301,000,000. The Twenty- Year Distribution Policy issued by this Company is the Most Liberal in its Terms, and the Cheapest and Best. This Company issues the Most Approved Forms of Life and Endowment Policies DED. H. RilYMDNI], DenEral Agent, 745 lu 747 Broad Street, Newark, U. J. STEWAET HARTSHORN, Mannfacttirer of Spring Shade RoHer, Branch Offices, New York, -186 Broadway; Chicago, 45 Plymouth Place. Branch Factories, Musl-«' ^f '. Ifo/ri's etc Mr H B & J. M. Doremus are both natives of Moiris countf Mr' H. B. having served as Freeholder for the Sth ward The stock Sf groceries comprises everything in that iTne and being made up of goods selected expressly for family ute it contains nothing tlat cannot be guaranteed to prove as represented. :;6 tkADlNG BUS/XESS A/ EX OF XEWARK. Wr-TRae VMVfl-iaTit JCeW3irX,K'J^ W M. T. RAE & CO., 707 Broad St., Newark. Nearly all rare aud costly things have their cheap imitations in these days. Perhaps this is more the ease with jewels than with other articles, for the precious metals aud stones are naturally very expensive, and the taste for adornment is born in most people. Therefore, many who cannot afford the real are willing to put up with sham. The market is flooded with these really beautiful imitations, vihich need the trained eye of an expert and connoisseur to detect from the real. It is not surprising, then, that many people spend large sums on beautiful stones, only to find when too late, that they have been abominably swindled. It is never safe to trust to one's individual judgment in the choice of jewels. There are many establishments that make a specialty of these things, aud that have a reputation for strict integritv in their dealings. These are to be found in Newark as elsewhere, and among them we take pleasure in calling attenticiu to .Messr.s. Wm. T. Rae & Co. This house was founded in 18.50 by Mr. Rae, who, four years later, associated himself with Mr. V. M. Wright, his present partner. These gentlemen are both natives of New York State, but from their long residence in Newark and their high standing, are very well known in this city. They make a specialty of diamonds, of which their stock is large and choice. Watches of all kinds and prices will be found here, as well as a fine assortment of jewelry. The premises oc- cupied are at 707 Broad street, at the corner of Cedar street. Five courteous assistants are in constant readiness to show these choice goods to customers, to whom we can only recommend a call upon Messrs. Rae & Co., if ihev need anvthin<; in this line. THE NEWARK FIRE Insurhnce Company. 0:e±±ce : T41 and. 743 Biroad- Stx-eel:. JOHN ,T. TIENEY, President. GEORGE F. KEEVE, Vice-President. OSCAR O. BREWER, Secretary. JOSEPH WARD, Je., Treasurer. ALEX. M.LINNETT'S Lincoln Park Phar- macy. Prescriptions a Specialty, Clinton Avenue, corner Washington Street, Newark, N. J. An establishment in which the residents of Newark put great confidence, is that of which Mr. Alexander M. Linnett is the proprietor, for during the twenty years that this house has been in exist- ence, it has been invariably managed in a straightforward and painstaking manner, that is worthy of unreserved commendation. Mr. Linnett was born aud brought up in Newark, and settled himself in business here in 1S70. Two years ago he moved into his present quarters, which are handsomely and conveniently fitted up for the purpose. The store is conveniently situatecl at the corner of Clinton ave- nue and Washington street, and covers an area of 20x70 feet. Mr. Linnett lets no element of chance enter into the opera- tion of the prescription departmentj for he makes a specialty of this, having the most improved I acilities for it, and em- ploying only experienced and trustworthy assistants. These average about four. Thev know their business, and, thus, annoj'ing delays rarely occur. The charges made are always as rea.sonable as could be expected, where only the best drugs and materials are used. E. CLAYTON BERNHEIH, 191 Market St.. Newark. GOLD WATCHES AT CLUB RATE3. Should you desire a fine gold watch for a very small amount of money call on E. Clayton Bernheim, successor to New Jersey Keystone Watch Co., No. 191 Market street, Newark, N. J. He sells on an entirely new club plan that is more advantageous to the purchaser than any other club plan. Call and have the new plan explained. Agents make a fine salary by securing members for us. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEWARK. New York Life Insnrance Co., 781 Broad Street, Newark, IT. J. JAMES S. EDWARDS. Cashier. An insurance company that has been ia existence for nearly half a century, must have made a record sufficiently broad and comprehensive to show conclusively what its methods and deserts are, and when we see so old-established a company rapidly increasing its business among the most intelligent classes in the community every year, the natural inference is that its record must be equal to the best. It is unnecessary, therefore, to eulogize the New York Life Insurance Company, for since its incorporation in 1845 it has steadily increased in popularity, and now holds a leading position among similar organizations throughout the coun- try. Mr. James S. Edwards, Cashier, has held the position of cashier for the State agency for New Jersey since 1884, and those wishing detailed information concerning the methods and resources of the company should make appli- cation at his office. No. 781 Broad street, for they will be most courteously received, and will be given every facility to become familiar with the facts in the case. Mr. Edwards is a native of Sussex county, N. J., and served nine months in the Army of the Potomac, during one of the most event- ful periods of the war. He is a resident of Irvington and is very widely known throughout this section of the State. He was collector of taxes for three years and receiver of taxes for two years, for the township of Clinton. Having made a study of life insurance matters as well as having had practical experience in the business, he is thoroughly well- informed in regard to its many details, and is in a position to give valuable counsel to those uncertain as to which form of policy is best adapted to their needs, so that such of our readers as are intending to insure their lives, would best serve their own interests by giving him a cail. In the year 1885, Henry W. Baldwin, Esq., was appointed by the com- pany General Manrger for the State. Mr. Baldwin has his main office in the Boreel building, 115 Broadway, New York. Under his skillful and energetic management and matchless talent for handling agents, the increase of business of the New York Life has simply been marvelous. Below will be found a summary of the forty-sixth annual report of the company: SUMMARY OF THE FORTY-SLXTn ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW YORK LIFE LWSURANCE CO. BUSINESS OF 1890. Premiums, - . - . Interests, Rents, etc., Total Income, - - Death-claims and Endowments, Dividends, Annuities, and Purchased Insi ances, - - - . Total to Policy Holders, New Policies Issued, New Insurance Written, CONDITION JAN. I, 1891. Assets, . _ . . - Liabilities, Company's Standard Surplus (4 per cent.) - . . - Policies in Force - Insurance in Force . . . - PROGRESS IN 1890. Increase in Benefits to Policy Holders, Increase in Premiums, Increase in Income, Increase in Assets, - . _ - Increase in Insurance Written, Increase in Insurance in Force - S27,328,209.34 4,929,890.74 -533,1.58,100.08 $7,078,272.48 .*I.1,27n,.544.02 45,7.54 •?159,576,06.5.00 $1 1.5,947,809.97 .*! 01,049,3.59. II S|4,89N,4.50.8(; 173,4(19 .$.5lj9,338,72«.00 Sl,158,423.3f. 2,(M2,288.24 2,9<>4,a33.8i 10,894,209.01 8,456,977.00 73,736,756.00 "DOMESTIC" ART ROOMS, Novelties, and Art MateTials for Home Decorations. Order Work, Stamping, Embroidering, etc., a specialty. Lessons in Oil, Lustre and Water-Color Painting, China Decorating, Em broidery, etc. It is safe to say that no business estab lishment in Newark is more generally or more favora hly known among the ladies than the ''Domestic" Art Rooms, for the inducements here offered are as a whole un equaled in the State, and these rooms may justly be called the headquarters for home decorations, so far as this city is concerned. Operations were begun in 1805, and the business has developed from comparatively small beginnings, for originally this was simply the agency of the Domestic Sew- ing machine, the Art department being subsequently added, and attaining its present importance by years of steady growth. The proprietors, Messrs. Fletcher & Faulkner, are still o;eneral agents for the Domestic sewing machinces, con- ceded to be the lightest running sewing machines in the mar- ket, and so well and favorably known as to require no de- scription in these columns. They are also agents for the Domestic Paper Fashions, and carry a complete line of them at all times, including the very latest designs. The prem- ises occupied are located at No. 677 Broad street, and com- prise two floors measuring 20x90 feet, and an annex of the dimensions of 20x40 feet. An exceptionally complete assort- ment of novelties and art materials is constantly carried, anything in this line being furnished in quantities to suit at the lowest market rates. Particular attention is given to order work, stamping, embroidering, etc., commissions being executed in a superior manner at short notice. Les- sons given in all branches of painting, etching, embroider}', etc., by experienced and competent teachers at moderate rates, and orders by mail will receive immediate and care- ful attention. WYMBLE MANUFACTURING COM- pany, Silversmiths, Electro-Deposition, with Silver in all its processes. Factory office northwest corner Chestnut and Mul- berry street, NewarK, N.J. The Wymble Manufacturing Com- pany of Newark, N. J., makers of solid silver goods bj' the electro deposit process in flat and repousse effects on glass- ware. They have at once come in the favor of the trade, and their work is acknowledged to be of the finest in work- manship as well as design and finish. Their line consists of. a magnificent and varied assortment, a few of which are, viz: Claret pitchers, wine decanters, cologne bottles, pickle jars sherry pitchers, flasks, pipes, cigar holders, bon bon and butter dishes, porridge and teasels, cane and umbrella handles etc. One of their new pieces, a claret pitcher, an entirely new shape in glass, part of which is richly cut, has a design called '' The Chase," with figures of huntsmen riding in pursuit of the game, interlaced with a fine tracery of scrolls and flowers all handsomely engraved. They also make a specialty in hollow wire, hair pins, book marks and other novelties. Among the patterns worthy of special mention are a number entirely new which must be seen to be appreciated. They also wish to announce that they will move about the first of May to their handsome and commodious new liuilding at Woodside, N. J., where they will have all the facilities for making all kinds of Hollow silverware in addition to the above mentioned goods. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEWARK. ^WKKTm E. DENNIS & CO.. Bankers and Brokers, Passenger Agents foe All Lines of Ocean Steamships, 774 Broad Street, Five Doors above Market Street, Newark, N. J. The business conducted by Messrs. Martin R. Dennis & Co., was founded more than forty years apo, and has developed to such proportions as to justly en- title it to be called the representative enterprise of the "kind in this city. The head of the firm is now Alfred L. Dennis, son of the late Martin R. Dennis. That the undertaking has been, and is skillfully and honorably managed, is proved by the leading position it now occupies, for the public have certainly had abundant opportunity to become thoroughly familiar,, with the facilities offered since operations were begun in 184S. The premises utilized have an area of 1,200 square feet, and are centrally located at No. 774 Broad street, five doors above Mai-ket street. The firm are passenger agents for Cunard line. White Star hne, Anchor line, Guion linej^ational line, State line. Tn- man line, Allan line. North German Ijloyd line, Hamburg line. Red Star line, Rotterdam line, Fabre line, Mallory line. French line, and all other lines of ocean steamers, and can furnish cabin, intermediate and steerage tickets, and one of the most important departments of their extensive banking business is the issuing of drafts, letters of credit and bills of exchange, through Brown Brothers & Co., Drexel, Mor- gan & Co., Knauth, Nachod & Kuhne. Sums of any amount will be .sent direct to any address, however remote, by safe and expeditious means, and packages and valuables vvill be forwarded by the Transatlantic express. A full assortment of foreign money is constantly on hand, including sovereigns, Napoleons, and German, Russian, Italian, Austrian and Swedish paper money, and exchanges will be made at a very reasonable commission. Stocks, bonds, etc., arc bought and sold, and an extensive fire insurance business is done, risks being placed in first-class companies, at the lowest market rates. It is evident that such an establishment as this must be a great public convenience, and it certainlv de- serves the liberal support it receives. OERIN E. EUNYON, Eeal Estate. Insur mce and Loan Broker. 800 Broad Street, Newark. N J The subject of this sketch occupies fine offices on the ground floor of the Liverpool. London and Globe building, at 800 S03 and 804 Broad street. He is the successor to the old fimi of R. Burgess & Co., whose business was conducted at the iihove place for several years. Mr. Runvon first came to Newark m the year 1881. as a bookkeeper 'for the firm of J. C. Smith & Co., large grain and flour dealers. He remained with them for two years, and left them in 1883, to take a place in Mr. Burgess' oflice, where he remained until May 1 ><,S4, when he ventured out for himself in New York city. The Summer of 1884 was an unusually dull one, and at Mr. Burgess' solicitation, Mr. Runyon returned to Newark, in September of that year, and acquired a half interest in the l.usmess. In October, 1887, Mr. Runyon bought out his part- ner, and since then has conducted a large and successful business in his own name. He enjoys the confidence and in fluential patronageof a large class of realtv mvestors, and has successfully carried through some of the largest transactions in the city, among them the recent purchase of some -SSOO.OOO worth of property in the Fourth ward, for the Central Rail road of New Jersey for their freight department, the property now- occupied by Wilkinson. Gaddis & Co.. at Broad and Fair sts., and many others of a like nature. His sei-vices are in constant demand, he has three able assistants, and his past • record gives assurance of intelligent and faithful service. He is the Newark member of the American Real Estate -A.ssociation of the United States, and is the agent for the United Security Life Insurance and Trust Co., of Pennsylva- nia. Any business entrusted to him will receive prompt at- tention and faithful service. MISS E. WEHELE^aflie.s Hair Good.s, No. ll» Washington Street, Newark, N. J. Thelady whosecard heads this article carries on an extensive business in the manufacture of ladies' hair goods. She leases the recentlv enlarged and renovated store at No. 109 Washington street, where all the facilities for working human hair can be found. .^ full stock of ladies' hair goods, such as Langtry bangs. Saratoga invisible parts, switches, braids, etc., is carried. Dyeing and bleaching in all colors, cutting and curling of hair is also done, and special attention is paid to the "shingling'' of bangs. Bang fiuflfing lotions and hair dressing is kept in abundance, and all that pertains to the hair business. Ladies" hair work is done in all its branches, and hair dressing and bang cutting are specialties. Ladies in need of hair goods should call upon Miss Wehrle's place of business. No. 16!1 Washington street. The higher classes of trade are espec- ially catered to, and ladies of society have recognized a more than ordinary dee-ree of artistic tonsooial ability in Miss Wehrle's work. The apartments occupied by this lady are delicately suggestive of neatness and order. The walls of the building are neatly finished off and are fire proof. Miss A^'ehrle's prices are moderate on all work executed and goods sold. A visit of inspection is respectfullv solicited. M. & E. SCHMITT, Dealers in Perfinnerv. and Barbers' Supplies, Complete Outfits for Barber Shops a Specialty, 382 Plane Street, near Market Street, Newark, N J. The enterprise conducted by Messrs. M. & E. Schmitt, in this city, is quite of interest to all of us who use a razor, or have one used on our faces, for tliese gentlemen, as we have said in the card which heads this article, are dealers in per- fumeries and barbers' supplies. They inaugurated their business in 1S.SS, and with close personal attention to the wants of their customers, have succeeded in building up an extensive business. Both gentlemen are natives of this city and have hosts of both business and social friends. The premises they utilize are 20x60 feet in dimensions, and em- ployment is given to two courteous and obliging assistants. A retail and wholesale business is done, and the stock of barbers' supplies which these gentlemen carry is as com plete as it is varied. The best shaving soaps on the market are kept by them, and razors, scissors, brushes, clippers, combs and the usual paraphernalia of the business may be had at surprisingly low rates. We wish to call attention to their choice line'of cosmetics, wax, hair oil, camphor ice and magnesia also. The purest of these is a feature of the stock, and cups, sponges, perfumeries and other private property of customers, abound in great abundance. A call, or trial order is respectfully solicit«d. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OE NEV/ARK 59 BREAKENRIDBE & TIGHENOR, Brokers and Dealers in Real Estate, 766 BROAD ST., NEWARK, N. J. NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE IN- successful life insurance company in the ^"^Id and of course this is the sort of company that those seekm^ rnsurancl are looking for.. But three compames have > lars-er amount of insurance m force than the iNortnwestern and it should be remembered that the latter hasalwaysp - tued a most conservative policy as regards membership le^ fusing to establish agencies in foreign ^"^'"{f'i.l^lJi'^^V ng its business to the healthy portions of tl'jf.U" ^f ^1^=^^^^;; The result is that during the ten years endmg in Ibaotst lbT\!r;ix^^tdirg''^co\^pt^o%'^^ So'l,%fmarkable ft'was actually lo-r than any o^the rtl're^trd'^irLS^rar'erml.s^ earnin* surplus for members, and it is interesting to note thl?while the percentage of losses to mean amount, of iisk during the flve^vears from 18^5 to 1890 inclusive, varied from 82 toloi per cJnt. in the Noj-thwestern the ave^ag^e of all ^^ercrt':^tt%^hib:ii?nrng^orti^^^^^^^^^^ k^S^r^°^e\?l8^^.|Sf^li|S year ago, the assets having increasedSa,737,002 ISdurin^ tne Sme tfme The actual new business written in lb'59 was ITfiTI m or including restorations, etc., as is done m of- fiHal renol-ts and the "advertisements of other companies, the totel would be over 863,000,000. The following summary of what the company has accomplished since organization is woTthyofcareZ study by thos^e contemplating the tak.n,- out of a life policy : iv,„„„™„nnv During the thirty -two years since the companj commenced business it has paid t« the repre- sentatives of its deceased policy holders, foi ^_^ ^^_^ ^^^^ ^^. death losses, - " ,' ,. T, , -.--.■■,• And to its living policy holders for dividends matured endowments, surrendered and ..^ .„,,.,„, ^^ lapsed policies, - - ' ' o , i ■ ■ , ■• • Total, Add present assets. $52,T'.i'.l,.50'.I.W - 43,353,912.'.I0 Amount paid to poUcy holders and held for them, Total premiums received - S95,li53,.513.80 Si,559,800.9C. Excess of assets and payments to policy hold- ^r;a^y^m^enrrro^rhoiaer; added to thl^^'rt^eL as- sets amount to nearly ten and a half millions more than the ^"^tTwtrTofficeTslocated in the Liverpool and London »nd fiiobrbundin^' Ko. SOO Broad street, and is in charge of and Glge ta.ldm„,^is^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ .^ ^^^^ ^^^^,„„ the company is rapidly extending its operations. MOORE & CO., Ring Manufacturers, 359 mmimsM was founded in 1886 b\ ^J: ^"nu j a d until it now -dTaTbot^X^lliS^i^'^t^^^ ^-^Z "g^Kalfy Of t^- --turned .a rcrd'bTMeTsirM^^^e^^^c£.sp^ iTe^no-w^^-p'oy -° tH^ty^t/raUness of from .* iO,000 to S85,000 per year. JOSEFS H. MEN AGS, EXCLUSIVE DEALER IN Black Goods, Silks and Mourning Millinery, Now at NOS. 67S & ^75 Broad St.. 2d Floor WILL REMOVE On or before May i to the elegant new store, No. to Academy Street, adjoining W. H. cV K. Burnet, Furriers. 6o LEADING BUSINESS MEN OE NEWARK. DHiZID YOUNG. SURVEYOR 775 Broad Street, Newark. BEFORE I WEXT. AFTER. No^SFm ^. . DENTAL ASSOCIATION. No. 223 Market Street, Newark N T it >j be difficult to name a iri^ZoKnlnJ\.^lZv^t ant to the welfare of the commimity than that of th"Tn- tist or one demanding on the part ot' those engaged in tWs profession more ability and scientific knowleSgl One of the most prominent establishments of this kind m the United States IS that of the Boston Dental Association located at --^^ ^J}\ '^'■f,!'" ""^^^ '^™"<=»' °ffi<=«« i" the eading ck; throughput the country. Here in Newark they arf doin^ the leading business, and their workmanship an^ materials used are of the finest quality and unsurpassed hv •■nv^fifJ^ dentists. Their operations are al moTrn dentis??v an5 fsh?ffli',';*'''T^'"'Pu':*1^^- Their crown and br dg7work (Sheffield system) which came to our notice was extiao?di narily fine and might cause the envy of an J dentist The great success attained by the Boston Dental Association not only in this city but at all the many points tt which thev have offices, proves that the people ire quick to appreciate a really superior dental service, and encoiiripres tf J oL^^ ciation to continue their efforts to So woT ufequalled fo; neatness, strength and general utility. No^expense is spared in providing the very latest improved toofs and an pliances, and utilizuijc the most expeditious and efflCent pro- cesses, and It IS worthy of note that the association s not confined to the use of any one system, but are at 1 bertv to employ whatever method may be best adapted to i ndivila" oases. In a word, they practice ''Painless Dentistrv" in the true sen.se of that much abused phrase, and their faeiUties are so perfect and their operators so eipert that the mol? timid need feel no fear of placing themselves uudei treat ment; while busy people, whose time is of value w 11 e, pecially appreciate the promptness and celerity with which work IS done and all classes can join in admirin" the oer manence and beauty of the results attained. A s'pecialty [s made of crown and bridge work, and those who requ re ar- tificial teeth, but object to the use of a plate,will find thi al sooiation prepared to satisfy their wants perfectly an U(,s low a price as can be quoted on reallf first-class u"rk Jour large rooms are utilized at No. 222 Market street where Dr. Holt the Manager, with three competent a.ssist! is wM cheerfully attend to all who desire their serviced ^"^^^^^^^-^f^^^: L. S. PLAUT & CO.'S Keiv Departures. In connection with the information relating to the "Bee .^n'HVn/*>''^'if ^- ^- ^.''>"'' ^ C°'^- set forth "on pages IM and 101, It will prove of interesting note to state t^a^ a de- partment of Millinery as well as that of a shoe department or men have been recently opened. This is but the begin- shn?t?, f^^'if °''"'1 ' K '^'.*,"?°'i ^alterations and improvements shoitly to be made by this firm, in anticipation of their oc- cupancy of adjoining buildings. ALEXANDER DON & CO., Plumbers, steam and Gas Fitters, Corner Elwood and Washington Avenues, W oodside, Newark, N. J. Telephone 217. Aglnts fhnt rw"l'?.'"=iu'* ^u'^'^ '^'^'^" BoileV. When we say tiat It IS far better that there should be no plumbing at all, in a house than what there is should be improperly done we may be accused of exaggeration, and yet we have no doubt but that physicians m general will endorse the statement nhfmhFn''.^t»''''"' ''^'' ^"."^ justified by facts. Defective plumbing has caused much sickness, and not a few deaths and those havmg occasion for the services of a plumber owe It to themselves, and to their families, to see that an ^^Alt% ^omPftent man is employed. Few of us are able to .judge of the skillfulness of a workman in this line, therefore the only practical vvay to do, is to place your order with il ^^T^ "[ established and unquestioned reputation, such an one we believe that to be, which is conducted by Mr Alex- ander Don & Co. They have been established long enough to gain an enviable reputation for the conscientious filling of orders, and an evident desire to deal honestly by every customer Orders for plumbing, steam and gas fitting, will be given prompt attention, there being ten assistants em- plo.yed, and all necessary facilities at hand to attain the best results. Alexander Don & Co., are agents for the Furman hteam and Hot \V ater Boiler. The store occupied is 40x25 feet m dimensions The firm consists of Mr Alexander Don and Mr. John Lever. Both of these gentlemen are na- fH^^ vark, N, J, A. H. BURKHAEDT, Dealer in Fine Groceries, Teas, Coffees, Sugars, Spices, etc. , Fruits and Vege- ables in Season, Flour, Feed and Gram, 346 Ferry Street, cor- ner Ferguson, Newark, N. J. A representative enterprise in this neighborhood is that conducted by Mr. A. H. Burkhardt, dealer in fine groceries, teas, sugars, spices, etc., fruits and vegetables in season, flour, feed and grain. It was inaugurated in the year 1867, by Mr. Burkhardt in person, and under his skillful management it has thrived since its very inception. Mr. Burkhardt is a native of Germany, but as he has resided here and been in business in our midst so long (twenty-ihree years), he has made a large circle of both business and social friends. He was for four years one of the Board of School Commissioners, a fact which shows that he is a highly esteemed member of the community. He gives employment to four courteous and competent assistants in his business, and his store is 25x45 feet in dimension. He also utilizes a store-house 16x32 feet in dimension, for duplicates, etc., his hay and feed being stored in a spacious shed. Mr. Burkhardt has acquired an enviable run of custom during his business career. His invariably and strictly honest business methods and policy is what told the story of his success, and which Tells it in any business. Our readers need but place a trial order with this establishment to be convinced that our favor- able mention of it is not out of place. Remember the place. No. 246 Ferrv street. A. H. Burkhardt. grocer 62 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OE NEWARK. !■■ '.^■r^^^^^^^^^l I- P ^t,. -. ■ ■ ■ ,if , ^■■:': rra »^1 »?1 is] RFj inj ill »l*8!f8|)51-;i ^ i^hltirtj^ tEp- ^^^-_ _ JA5■I«.lHDSttv•A6^:hinTCT■ -■•7S2•BR0AD■5T>ltWA(^l^ J AS. H. LINDSLEY, Architect, 762 Broad Street, Newark, N. J. No one at all acquainted with building operations will deny that on the skill of the architect depends in a great measure, not only the convenience and tasteful character, but also the cost of the finished structure and it may be accepted as an unvarying rule that it always pays to employ the best talent available iii ihe architectural line. Before opening his office in 1876, Mr. Lindsley was a student with the late R. G. Hatfield, of New York, an architect identified with many prominent works in that city, and after several years experience in practical building, has been engaged for fifteen years in the practice of his former profession, fully equipped in all its varied departments for its most successful exercise, as is evinced by many prominent works in this city, notably the Murphy Varnish Works, the Monmouth Street School Building, a large number of private residences and business buildidgs throughout Essex County, and the recent remodeling of St Paul's M. E. Church. ii^buik^ ^LEADIA'G BUSINESS MEN OE NEWARK. 6.? josE^ii -A.. s^ytiTii, (Successor to M. H. Smitbi. 41-PRACTICAL ••• PLUMBER.-i<^ Steam and Gas Fitter, Copper, Tin and Siieet Iron Worlier, Hardware, Stoves, Ranges, Heaters, &c. Telephone No 515 63 PE?IXSYLVAXIA AVE., COR. PARKBVRST ST., XEWARR, X. J. The most magmficent miiusionis quite unfit for occupaucy unless its drainage has been carefully and skillfully attended to, and the most nealthful location t£iat can be found would soon become a hot-bed of disease unless similar precautions are taken. Plumbing and d rainajre are now beginning to re- ceive the enlightened attention their importance demand, and the result is to be seen m the diminished death rate oi our large cities. Mr. Joseph A. Smith is a prac.tical plumber, steam and gas fitter, copper, tin and sheet-iron worKer. He also deals in hardware, stoves, ranges, heaters, etc. This business was founded by Mr. M. H. Smith in 1868, who was succeeded by his brother, Mr. Joseph A. Smith, in 1886. The premises occupied are located at No. 63 Pennsylvania Ave- nue, and comprise two floors, each 30x50 feet in dimensions, with store-house. Mr Smith gives employment to eighteen assistants, who are constantly emploj-ed, as his experience in this line has made his services in great demand, and he has gained a leading position in this city. Among some of the buildings which he has furnished with plumbing and piping are the City Hospital, Centre Market, Mr. J. Frank Fort's house, Mr. Marshall's house, Newman & Co.'sfactory on St. Francis Street, besides the Public Library. He has worked for Mr. E. E. Bond for ten years, and is now at work on forty-eight houses. His amount of work for this year is $80,000, $10,000 more than any previous year, and thinks it will still go beyond that. With the above record it is hardly necessary to add that he gives his personal atten- tion to his business, and guarantees entire satisfaction Telephone No. 515. 64 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEWARK. LIFE INSURANCE, Office : 780 BROAD STREET. NEWARK. N, J. State Agent NMional Life Insurance Company of Montpelier, Vermont. Since 'Me lays when "in the name of the great Jehovah and bj' the authority of the Continental Con- gress," brave bujan Allen thundered at the gates of the British fortress of Ticonderoga, the snug little Green Moun- tain State has been unsurpassed in the heroic qualities of its sons, the womanly virtues of its daughters and the beauty and staying qualities of its horses. The business institutions of a State partake of the character of its people. The granite hills of Vermont, in their massive strength and durability, are an emblem of the State's leading financial institution — the National Life Insurance Company of Montpelier. Incorporated in 1848, its business career practically covers the whole history of life insurance in America. Among its original incorporators were the honored names of Henry Clay, of Kentucky: Amos Abbott, of Massachusetts: Alexander Ramsey, of Pennsylvania, and Paul Dillingham, ex-Governor of Vermont, the last of whom at ninety years of age is still one of the vigorous and active directors of the Com]iiny. Its officers have always been men of conservative and economical tastes and habits. Its president, Hon. Charles Dewey, is by common consent, oneof the leading financiers of New England. The National is a purely mutual company, every dollar of its earnings being divided exclusively among its policy holders. Beside its large cash dividends annually paid its policy holders, the National has for more than forty years past paid its entire death losses from its interest earnings alone. Only wisdom and rigid economy of management with great care in selection of its risks has enabled the Company to achieve such results. With its business well distributed through only the healthful Northern States of the Union, its mortality has been very low. Another of its crowning glories is in the fact that the National has always been the pioneer in every just and liberal provision known to policy contracts. It indulges in no guess work or deceptive "estimates," which are sure to disappoint the policy holder, but in every form of bond or policy the National writes in plain black and white on the face of every contract definite gwara?ire, the ''Continental" .should prove one of the most satisfactory hotels in all this broad continent, and where the wearv traveller, or the tired "Commercial men" exclaim in the language of an unknown poet : "Whoe'er has traveled life's full round. Where'er liis stages may have been ; Must sigh to think he still has found His warmest welcome at an inn." This house is conducted on the American plan exckisively; and the rates are $100, .S-3,.50 and $:-!.00 per dav, verv reasonable considering the nature of the aceomni'ndatioii's provided. Employmeut is given to forty assistants, and the service is picmpt and courteous, both at the table and else- where. The proprietors offer their guests a great variety of excellent cooked food to choose from, and those who ap- preciate good living, a central location, comfortable rooms and beds, and liberal dealing, will most heartily endorse the accommodations given at the Continental. MORRIS KAPHA P:L. Sale and Excl.anire stables. AKvnys on Hand, a well Selected Stock of Working and Driving Hinh.s, Xc iij I Springfield Avenue. Newark, n! J. Ti-lepb.>i.i".i4ri, Tin njli s, ,i„-«hat awavfromthe centerof traffic, ilieabo\oeM;J.|i-liiiMii| traffics .sufficientiv in the buy- ing,.silliiit; ande.\Lliaii^;ih- ol horsesand cattle at itslociition. No. (J24 Spiiiigtield avenue, to do credit to a busier .section of the city. The proprietor, Mr. Morris Raphael, always has on hand ir< m forty to fifty horse.s, which he offers for sale or exchange. We have per.sonally seen these horses in Mr. Raphael's splendid stables, and pronr unce their general appear, iice and soundness as perfect. Alter reading this article, those entertaining an idea of buying, selling or ex- ( liiiii^NiL' li..is(s, w.nilil do well to do as we did, and drive- up to Mr, Raphael's stables to see what he has got. We- assure our readers that the visit of inspection will prove- satisfactory, and will lead to an agreement of some sort. The motto of Mr. Raphael in bu,siness is honesty and cor- rect representation. This is what is wanted, ancl the public rnay depend upon square dealing every time, at Ibis estab- lishment. Mr. Raphael is a native of Lorraine in France, and came to this country in IS72. He employs three stable- men and two sales men. Courteous attention is assured to- all, and easy terms are quoted. Cattle of all kinds are also- bought, sold and exch^inged. Previous to locating here- Mr. Raphael had for eight years been on Boyden street. E. TUOKINfi, Gi^T, 357 Plane Street,. Newark, N. J. Although there are doubtless many people who believe that no special degree of ability is required to- carry on a retail grocery store successfully, as a matter of fact, it would be difficult to find a branch of trade which requires more careful and skillful management. Of course, there are some men in the business who let their stores run them.selves, but the concfition of their trade is not such as would encourage any good business man to adopt .similar methods. A fineexampleof what may be done in thegrocery line by intelligence and industry, is that afforded by the establishment conducted by Mr. Tucking, at No. 3.57 Plane street. This gentleman founded his present business in New- ark in 1S.S.5. He is a native of N. J., and well known throughout Newark and vicinity. The premises utilized comprise one floor 30x22 feet in size, which contains a tine line of choice staple and fancy groceries, and a specialty is made of milk, cream, butter and eggs. It will thus be seen that Mr. Tucking is prepared to supply housekeepers with many things needed in the food line, and the number of" families dealing with this house shows how the inducements otfered are appreciated. Three assistants are employed, and prompt attention is given to all, and prices are as low as. the goods are reliable. A. LYONS, T\raiiiifac-tnrer of Fine Havana Cigar.s, .503 Broad street, Newark, N. J. Smoke the club cigarl Every year the consumption of cigars increases, and so far as can be seen at the present time, this increase is liable to go on for an indefinite period, for more people smoke every year, and the richer the country grows the higher is the srrade of cigars generally called for. Of late years, many sprifial brands of cigars have been put on the market, and some of these have gained so Hrm a hold on the- favor of the public that thousands of boxes are consumed annually. For advertising purpo.scs alone it pays a mer- chant to havehisname identified withauniformly good grade of cigars, known by some "catchy" name, and when once a large trade has been built up, the enterprise is directly as well as indirectly profitable. Mr. A. Lyons is a succes'sful, skillful and progres.sive manufacf'iror of Hue Havana ci- gars, and he is prepared to make s for any party, and toguaranlci lau workmanship and material. lb i^ ;i has carried on his pi'eseut bu^iiiiss s time he has built up iin extensive and steadily increasing trade. Mr. Lyons is located at No. .5I>3 Broad street, and is. in a po.sition to fill all orders promptly, and to quote the low- est market rales. )1 brands to order if Newark, and N, during which LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEWARK. 67 J. MORELAND, Dealer in Fine Groceries, Teas, Coffees, Sugars, Spices, etc., Fruits and Vegetables in Season, No. 3.5 Belleville Avenue, Newark, N. J. Mr. John Morelund began business here iu 1SH9, and that he is well known throughout this vicinity, goes without saying, for his establishment is one of the most popular to be found here- abouts, and the manner in which be uses his customers makes friends, as well as draws trade. A store at No. 2.5 Belleville avenue, 20.\30 feet in dimensions, is occupied, and a large stock is carried, consisting of teas, coffees, sugars, spices, etc. also, fruits and vegetables in season, the quality ot all being guaranteed. Employment is given to three active and intellTgent assistants, and customers are assured prompt and willino- service. Mr. Moreland quotes prices in all lines of his business, which will not suffer at all by comparison with those named, by concerns handling the same line of goods. Every article in stock is guaranteed to prove just as represented, and the inducements extended will be found to be strictly genuine in every respect. Mr. Moreland is a native of Ireland, and has resided here for a great many years. GEOTIGE TEAGUE, Successor to Thomas Wolfe, Practical Horseshoer, Blacksmithing in all its Branches, No. 13 and 15 Belleville Avenue, Corner Broad Street, Newark, N. J. There are pnnalties as well as pleas- ures connected with the ownership of a carriage, and one of them is, that even the best made vehicles have a way of breaking down at times, or of becoming so injured by acci- dent or long continued use, as to render repairing necessary. The old proverb tells us that "a stitch in time saves nine," and the principle holds good in the care of carriages also, for five dollars expended on repairs to-day may be the means of saving several times that sum a few weeks from now. Therefore, see that your vehicle is kept in good condition, and when it needs ''tinkering up" a little, don't put it off, but go at once to a thoroughly competent blacksmith, as tor instance, Mr. George Teague, doing business at 13 and 1.5 Belleville avenue, corner-Broad street. He is a native of this town, and has been connected with this business for many years, and is a practical horseshoer and blacksmith in all its branches. He employs four competent men, and pays particu- lar attention to all work entrusted to his care, while his charges are uniformly moderate, and will compare favor- ably with others in the same trade. MKS. E. SAMUELS, Ts'ews DcHler, Cigar.s and Confectionery, No. 81 William Street, Newark, N. J. Mrs. Rosa Samuels inaugurated hrr business in ISSfl. She keeps a news stand, of all local and- foreign daily, weekly and monthlv papers, mag^izines and periodicals. We should all of us read the papers, for after leaving school and en- gao-ing in the various pursuits in life, we have but two mo'desof education left us, and they are observation and newspaper reading. We can observe what is going on in our own little circle, but what transpires in the "far, far away" can come to us only by reading. We owe ourselves and bur children a good education, and we should leave no stone unturned to enlighten ourselves about our country, and foreign ones, too. We are fortunate to be able to pur- chase this^knowledge so cheap, and the writer has often meditated that we often pay a great deal more for some things that are not half .so valuable to u.s. Mrs. Samuels also keeps choice brands cif cigars and confectionery. She is an estimable lady and deserves the encouragement she solicits.^ WILT.IAM T. NETMAN, Einpiovment Bureau, No. 22 Cedar Street, Newnrk, N. J. Mr. William T Neinr.in proprietor of the German-American Employ- ment and Real Estate Aeency, of No. 22 Cedar stn-et, in this city, enj'iys the distinction of having built up the largest and niiist successful business of this character in town. He successliilly introduced that which had heretofore not ex- isted in the eitv, viz.; the supplying of mule help for any cnpaciiv iind that, too, in the face of seemingly insurmount- able ohst'icles. He iilso makes a specialty of negotiating sales on business places of all kinds, procuring partners with capital, biivitig and selling of patents, and a general real estate business. He is an energetic voung man of a social disposition, and well known throughout the city. F. HERDER, Boots and Slioes, No. 259 Springfield Avenue, Newark, N. J. The boot and shoe store which Mr. Herder conducts at the above address is not un- known to the residents of this section of the city. We do not stretch the truth any either when we say that even though it may not boast of the proportions which other shoe stores do in the city, that it would pay the resident who lives in the extreme opposite end of the same to come and make their purchases at this establishment. In substantia- tion of this assertion we can give the "whys" and the "wherefores." Some of these are as follows ; Inlhe first place we will preface that Mr. Herder established his business in the year 1874, and that the public has had the op- portunity of seeing this store tested for the past sixteen years. This is not a bad starter, but this is also not all. We can state that in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred the peo- ple who have ever made a purchase at this establishment have returned to make a second. This is not a bad recom- mendation for a store, either. What can we infer from the existence of such circumstances, but the fact that good o-oods are sold by Mr. Herder, and that satisfaction is as- sured every purchaser. None will contradict us, surely, for the conclusion is too plainly evident. Mr. Herder is a native of Germany, and has hosts of both business and social friends in Newark. He employs a courteous assistant, and his premises are 32x.35 feet in dimensions. To families who buy in laro-e quantities we wish to say that they can econo- mize by trading with Mr. Herder in boots and shoes. Re- member the place and give him a call, No. 259 Springfield avenue, Newark, N. J. CHARLES S. WELDON, Carriage Triin- min", 20 Lawrence street, Newark. N. J. Considering the small sum it costs to have a carriage retrimmed and made as "-ood as new so far as this line of repairing is concerned, it seems strange that any owner of an otherwise handsome and stylish vehicle should be satisfied to allow it to remain worn and shabby looking, and we believe that if the facilities afforded by Mr. Charles S. WeMon were more generally known there would be fewer carriages in Newark and vicin- ity unable to bear close inspection. Mr. Weldon makes a specialty of carriage trimming, and turns out work tliat will compare favorably with the best in the market. He uses carefully selected' materials, employs six skilled workmen, and puts his prices down to the lowest figures consistent wiihafair profit. He was born in Newark, and is well known tliroughout the community. He began operations as a carriage trimmer in 1878, and now occupies premises lo- cated at No. 2U Lawrence street, covering an area of some 2 (i25 square feet, which are very thoroughly equipped for carriage trimming in all its branches, and we have no hesi- tation in assuring satisfaction to those who may take advan- tage of the inducements offered. Orders can be filled at short notice, and we repeal that the charges made are very low for first-class and reliable work. BALDWIN & MUNlSr, Retail Grocers, West Kinney, Corner Halsey Street, Newark, N. J. The most of us have to work pretty hard for what money we get, so it is perfectly natural that when we ^ome to spend it we .'-hoiild rlesiie to receive as much in return as circum- stances will allow. There is really as much art in knowing how to spend, as in knowing how to earn, and one of the first principles of this art is to deal with a hrin of high repu- tation. Sucli a concern is that conducted by Baldwin & Munn for since these gentlemen began operations here in N.nva'rk, they have followed such a liberal and honorable iiolicy in thei'r management of affairs as to have gained the entire confidence of such of the public as are ac(|uainted with tlioir methods. Both the gentl<-men are natives of New Jersey, and are personally well known in Newark. The premises occupied are located on West Kinney street, ci'r- ner Halsey and are of the dimensions of 25xt30 feet, llie stock consists of staple and fancy groceries of all kinds, and is complete in every detail. Four ci mpetent assistants are employed, and every caller is given immediate and p<'lite at- tention. Fair dealing ana sJrin-aeld Aveuu4, one Door from Boyd Street, Newark, rT-'jobbrng of 'all Kinds a Specialty Estimates Fur- nished. The firm at whose head vve find Me^rs. N. Blank & Son, was inaugurated by them in the year IbflO Though yet comparatively fresh irom its inceution, this hrm has met with a patronage worthy of a house of much longei stand- J^-The-entlemen who conduct the enterprise, are both naUves of "Europe, but have resided in America and in this citv esnecSllV, for some time. They give employment tfl a force oTfour men, who are skilled workmen, each m their re- spective branches The premises utilized are 30x.50 feet m Snsions, and are well fitted up for the purposes for which thev^ were ntended to serve. A large and varied stock of paintro^ls, glass, decorations and fine artistic wall l^aper may be found in them, and the proprietors make ,t a pointto SlrVv- none but the best in each of these several lines^ The queslion of planting a house, whether it be f- the hrst tjm^ or a matter of repainting, is an important one to the real estatTowler, and we should be cautious whom we employ todothSwo'rk,asit takes men who.k-now t^hen- bus,ne,^ from actual experience, to do a good job. The material is als^to be consi^dered, and should be ot the best. In this con- nection we take pleasure in recommending to our readers the superior abilities and facilities which this house have to execuTe sucli work. Messrs. Blank & Son are no less pr<^ flcfent in thnart of paper hanging, for they also have had a Wexi.Vnr,.,,,' his line, and the help which they em- olov are ul niM tmt men. Their stock of wall paper is as vnHed as it w lie 'h and contains some elegant and very de- sir ible desi-ns. The firm also execute some very artistic work in ornamental and sign painting In this ""e they may have e.iuals, but no superiors, for we have hadouratten- ton caTl'd t'o some of their work and ^e pronounce it arti^ tic in the superlative degree. Jobbing ot all kinds m the above li^es are undertaken, and estimates are cheerfully given. Give this deserving firm a trial. MRS CROSSLEY. Dealer in New and Second Hand Furniture, Goods Bought, Sold and Ex- chan"ed 39 and 41 Belleville Avenue, Newark, N. J. Everybody must have furniture, everybody mus have car- pets, Ind everybody should have spring beds mattresses or feather beds; for these are very powerlul aids m lesting a. tired body and the body that works to earn the money to buy thern,should be made as comfortable as possible. The aver- age ind" dual spends one-third of his life in bed, and ther^ fJre"ti^ important that the latter be made as healthtul and easy as is consistent with circumstances. When any of our readers have occasion to purchase any of the articles, such as furniture, carpets, et/, etc., to say nothing of baby cIrHages, oi cloths, straw matting, feathers, or, in fact any- ?hin" froiii a " tea pot to a parlor suit," we recommeQd them befo^re purchasing, to call and examine the stock of goods to be foun'd at Nos. 39 and 41 Belleville avenue, for this estab- Ushment is conducted by Mrs. M. Crossley, ^ "ative of Eng-- land but who for the past five years has conducted this enterpr se ve^y succeslfully, until now the busmes^s occu- py three floors 30x.50 feet in size. Three eompeteat assist- ants are employed, her prices are very moderate, and her representations can be confidently relied upon. ALBERT BALDWIN, Wood Turning, Rear of 2.56 Market Street, Newark, N J. The enterprise Conducted by Mr. Albert Baldwin, at the rear of 3.ii. Marke^ St, ee" is very popular with those who are conversant with he method's^mproyed therein, for the Propnetor spares no Tiains to satisfy every customer, and turns out w oi k wnicn ^11 compareV'ery fa^vorably with that do^e at es,,ab hsh^ meats making much greater pretentions. Mr. Baldw in is a nat veof New York,and he started hispresent enterprise here Tn Newark, in 18T9. He has gained the reputation of bemg- askflUulman.whomakes a^ study of his business and i^ always improVing existing methods of working. The prem- fse" are24xfi0 fe^et in dimensions, and are htted up with every facilty necessary. Wood turning in general is car- ried on in accordance with the most approved methods Mr B°Udwin employs ten experienced assistants constantly and all orders are filled promptly, and at the lowest mar- ket rates. 72 LEADjyG BUSINESS MEN OF NEWARK. SCOTT & VEHSLAGE (Successors to C. C. Scott), Pattern and Model Makers, 35 Railroad Place, AVhea- ton's Block, opposite Market Street R. R. Depot. Residence, 65 Monmouth Street, Newark, N. J. Among those engaged in this line of business, none stand higher than this firm. Although recently established in Newark, they have rapidly come to the tore, and are now well known among the trade, as skillful makers of patterns and models, and for their rea- sonable prices and fair dealing in all matters of business. Particular attention is ^iven by this firm to the designing of machinery and mechanical drawing, also to the making of working models. The premises occupied by them are con- veniently situated, at No. 25 Railroad place, in Wheaton's block, directly opposite the MarKet Street depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The shop is as well equipped as any, and gives employment to more hands than any other in this city. This industry is an important one in connection with many lines of manufacture, but not understood by most people outside of such lines. Patterns, after draw- ings are made, are the first things that enter into the mak- ing of cast iron columns, girders, beams, plates and washers and an almost endless variety of ornamental work in archi- tecture, and castings for almost every kind of machinery, from the largest to the smallest. No steam engine, either locomotive, marine or stationery, can be made without first making patterns for the castings. They enter into the manufacture of valves, cocks and faucets for steam, gas or water, coach, saddlery and harness hardware, toys, and a thousand and one articles that we think indispensable at the present day. These patterns are made of hard or soft wood, brass or soft metal, according to the requirements of the case. This business was established by Mr. C. C. Scott, since which it has become a firm through the association of Mr. Henry D. Vehslage. Mr. Scott is a native of Wiscon- sin, but ^ resident of this State for many years. Mr. Vehslage is a native and resident of Irvington, and a son of the well known Irvington preacher of that name. faction. Tliis, all grocers do not seem to understand, and when they see their customers drop off, they wish they had paid more attention to ounces, for they know pounds might have resulted. No unpleasantness of this kind hap- pens at Mr. Disch's store, however, for the paying of strict and undivided attention to small orders is exactly what has. brought him the success he enjoys in business to-day. The inception of Mr. Henry Disch's business took place in ltj88, and the encouragement he has received is the result of his- hard work and faithfulness to his patrons. Two competent- assistants are employed, and promptness in filling orders is a feature of the establishment, which measures 2Ux35 feet in. dimensions. FR. W. BUERCK, Bakery, 83 William- street. Corner Plane Street, Newark, N. J. The establish- ment conducted by Mr. F. W. Buerck, at the corner of Plane- and William streets, is worthy of extended comment in a work of this kind, for this gentleman has been at the loca- tion we have signified for the past twelve years, and his long- experience and close personal application to the business with» which he is identified, enables him to cater to the most fastidi- ous customers. Mr. F. W. Buerck is a native of Germany, and has hosts of both business and social friends in this sec- tion of the city and elsewhere. A select stock of fresh goodsis- a feature of this establishment, and the immediate neighbor- hood may well patronize the store in question, as the prices quoted are bound to suit the most judicious purchaser. The premises utilized comprise an area of 20x30 feet, so that the available space furnishes ample accommodations for the ex- tensive business done and the large stock carried. Two courteous assistants furnish prompt and polite service to all callers. We know of no better place in which to make our bakery and grocery purchases than at Mr. Buerck's store. Call and leave a trial order with him, and satisfaction is- sure to follow. NESLER & CO., Manufacturing Jewelers, 38 and 40 Crawford Street, Newark, N. J. '"The manufac- turing jewelry industry is extensively carried on in New- ark, and many of the leading firms in the country are among those engaged in the business in our midst. Fore- most in the ranks of these establishments extended mention should be made of the house of Nesler & Co., composed of Messrs C. F. Nesler and W. G. Nerpel, both of whom are natives of this city and State. These gentlemen both had had a long experience in their trade before the inauguration of their establishment, the inception of which took place in 1SS5. These gentlemen employ twenty competent men, and utilize an entire floor of a large building located at Nos. 38 and 40 Crawford street. The trade pronounces the work turned out by these gentlemen as of a much superior order than that found in other shops, and the reason is that the members of the firm are more than exceptionally good workmen in their trade. They make a specialty of hoop- earrings, and in these goods alone an extensive business is done annually. General jewelry manufacturing is also done. We invite that portion of the trade not yet having had the pleasure of visiting Messrs. Nesler & Co.'s samples to do so at their earliest convenience, and be convinced of the truth of our statements. HENRY DISCH, Staple and Fancy Grocer- ies, 499 Washington Street, Newark, N. J. There are gro- cery stores, but not all of them are model grocery stores. It makes a great deal of difference in the satisfaction we ex- perience, where we buy our groceries, and of whom we buy them. It is a good idea, then, to adopt your regular grocer, but first be sure that you adopt a reliable one, one who in taking your interest, takes his own. This is important, for a careless grocer never gives entire satisfaction, if he gives any at all. In an establishment of energy and push, should be kept a stock as varied as it should be abundant, that the patrons may have something to select from. Also should the greatest inclination be prevalent to suit patrons, for an ounce as for a pound. When small quantities are bought, it is a sign that no more is needed, and when people buy all they need at any place of business, it is within the bounds of pro- priety and courtesy to do all that can be done to give satis- J. D. PIERSON & BRO., Dealers in all' Kinds of Fresh Meat, Poultry, Fish, Oysters, Fruits and Vegetables in their Season, No. 35 Court Street, Newark, N. J. Messrs. J. D. Pierson & Bro., are probably aboutasbusy men as even the busy city of Newark can show, for they are identified with the retail meat and vegetable business, and produce of all kinds. Messrs. Piersons are both na- tives of Newark, and established their meat market in 1883. The premises now in use have an an area of 25x33 feet, and a cellar of the same dimensions. They are located at 35- Court street, and contain a well selected stock ol fresh and salt meats, beef, pork, mutton, lamb, veal, poultrj', fish, oysters, and fruit and vegetables in their season. The prices- quoted are always in accordance with the lowest market rates, and as the goods are of excellent quality, and custom- ere arc promptly and politely attended to by four efficient. assistants constantly employed, it is perfectly natural that a large and growing business should be done. GEORGE K. SCHMIDT, Manufacturer of Clothing and Custom Work, No. 324 Plane Street, Newark^. N. J. The manufacturing clothing establishment conducted in this city by Mr. George K. Schmidt, at No. 324 Plane .street, is one of Newark's representative business enterprises. Mr. Schmidt is a native of Germany, but has resided in the Unitrd States for many years, and enjoj's a large circle of 111. I h liiisiMis^ aiiil social i'riends. The house enjoys close and r.vtriisn , liM^iii,-ss I'llations with the trade for whom they iiiaiuirarluii- r.\c-lasivoly. Emploj'ment is afforded to a large force of tailors, who are all experienced men and women in the business. The ready made clothing manu- factured by Mr. Schmidt approaches the nearest to perfec- tion of any made in the State, as it has always been the aim of the house t.i supply the trade and the market with thoroughly reliulih ami nputable goods. The material used is the best consislenl with the relative value of the garments made. The house is extremely busy in the seasons when such establishments are running full blast. The premises- utilized are 25x70 feet in dimensions, and the machinery used is of the highest and most approved order. The trade would do well to have Mr. Schmidt fill a trial order. LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEWARK. 73 HENRY KIRCHNER, Dealer in Choice Beef Veal, Mutton and Lamb, Poultry and Game "i Season. 197 Mulberry Street, Between Fair and Green Streets New - ark N J Mr- Henry Kirchner has had considerable experi- ence in his present line of business, and ^i^^e opening the es- tabUshment now conducted by him, in 1S65 has built up a lar.terS trade by the simple process of dealing honorably by "his customers, a^d working h'ard to furnish unsurpassed accommodations. The premises are l°<=f ^d f No. 19 . Mul berry street, between Fair and Green streets and are ottne dtmensions of of 30x.50 feet. Among the articles dealt in mTySe mentioned all kinds of f-sh and sat meats also roultrv and game in their season. Most of us are >ather ^ar cular ablut what we eat and therefore, |t '« °° J^-^f «' th-it Mr Kirchner's store IS steadily gaining in populaiity, for the art^iles t'here furnished are' carefully selected and are bound to prove satisfactory to the most, fastidious Some very choice cuts of meats are always carried in stock, and thoie who appreciate a tender ^^d well flavored steak and have had some difficulty in procuring anything of the kina, will find that they may purchase here with t^e full assur- ance, that whatever representations ^'•«™;f,tVbv the facts the meats, etc., dealt in, are always warranted o.V the tacts. The prices are uniformly satisfactory, for, although Mi. KircCr does not claim to sell "below cost," he does c aim to give patrons the worth of their money, and suielj no reasonable man should expect more than that. FIRTH & BAILEY, Dealers in Household Necessities, on Weekly or Monthly Payments, No. 63 Bank Street Newark, N. J. Some people boast that they never buy loods'on the instalment plaEi, bV we h^e known many luch, who, in order to do so, would have to break a tooth- Dick in two, to economize. This IS not necessary We fail to fee why people who are in need of certain articles m their homes, aEd cannot afford to pay in full on purchasing, should not wish to avail themselves of such advantages as Messrs. F°rth& Barley offer the public. O, they say, they charge exorbitant prices when you do this! This is all illusion; instal- ment dealers do business in this way only to accommodate Se public and make customers for themselves, as other deirers have their modes of doing business '""ng advertise^ ments, in the newspapers and all that. They have to Dav heavily for their 'Muring advertisements," and it if ourdndid opinion, that the surplus you have to pav on the goods to help meet these expenses, and thJdifference between spot cash and instalment prices are balanced unequally in your disfavor. Just reason with common sense a minute. See the enormous renU these furni- tu"™ouses pay on our best streets, and again we say, see the "hustlini" they have to do in order to meet their heavy advertisino- bills! Do our readers think they do not have to pay handsSmely for all this supertluity ; Well, we rather euiss they do! On the other hand, take such men as Messrs. Firth & Bailey, who have just as large stocks, just as hand- some Sores, and all that, but are e^-^t^nt to invite their patrons to take a walk down there on Bank street, just a step from Broad tNo. 6.3), and are not at all scrupulous about I™ t"at their rent is reasonable, and not exorbita,nt, S that the meriU of their goods are their only advertise- ments It makes no difference in the quality or durability "the goods, whether they are for sale on Bank or Broad street, but it does most emphatically make a difference in the price asked, though, and let us not be foolish enough to doubt the point, for the argument is too strong in its favoi. Buy on the instalment plan by all means, if y°", ^"-e ""^ „^^/? *^ Tiav the cash down. It is no disgrace why, loe would be ^iCgtoprocSmitfromtheho-usetops, if we were he interested parties, for is It policy to go hungry to have the satisfaction of saying that "that rug, or that \hambe set cost me so much And so much, on Broad or Market stieets, at this one or that one's handsome furniture store!" Ridicul- ousness and fiddlesticks we say Buy yo^'-.f^ds where you can buy them cheapest Let foo'^Pay^for a name and not intelligent people like you and 1. Messrs Firth & Bailey, then, we say, sell cheaper in every way than these woulclbe "b g guns" who often "bust up," (as the expression goes, to get fquare with their creditors At the estabhsh- iientinqlestionare courteous and «>' l^Sff.^'Xat Jinuse will spare no pains to impress upon you the fact that house- I hold necessities can be bought a great deal cheaper on Bank streetthan on Broad. Call on a visit of inspect on and be convinced of the truth of our statement; it will cost you nothing. WINKLER'S Confectionery and Ice Cream Parlor Home Made Candies a Specialty, 235 Market St , cor Mulbfrry St., Newark, N. J. Purity is very desirable m a^vthiirthat is to be eaten, and the experiments of men of sc° encehave m-oved this to.b'e particularly the case where con- fectionery and ice cream" were concerned. Now we by no means a^ree with those who assert that the bulk of the "onfecttoneryrn the market is adulterated, on the contrary we are certain that this is far from being the case but st 1 Undoubtedly some impure confectionery is sold and the only wavto'be sure you are not the purchaser, is to buy ex- ^us^ively of reputable firms. There, for instance, is Mr Peter Winkler, proprietor of Winkler's Confectionery and WPreani Parlors. This gentleman has carried on his IresSt line TfEess as manufacturer and retail dealer Fnpuie confectionery since 1880, and there can be no ques- Lrbut that his productions are pure in fact as weU as in name The prem'ises occupied comprise a ^t°re located at No 235 Market street, covering an area of 1,500 square feet and a shop rear of Spaeth's furnitare store, on Market street Mr Winkler claims to carry one of the best assort- ments of confectionery to be found in the pity, and certain- yTt would be hard to'^flnd a more extensive and tempting stock Home made candies are made a specialty, and all the articles deSt in are quoted at the lowest rates consist- ent wtth the use of first-lass materials, and the employ- ment of skilled assistants. CHAS. OPPEL'S SONS, Steam Cigar Box Minufactory. Cigar Manufacturers' Supplies, .51: and 56 Wpst street Newark, N. J. The millions of cigars which ^e annually mide n the United States, require the manu- factXgof^ boxes in which to ship them and this part of the business alone affords employment to thousands of woik- in^men and women. Mr. Chas. Oppel's Sons have one of thfseTar^e steam cio-ar box factories, and they employ on Pine and the machinery and general appointments of the factorv are all of the latest and most improved order. This state of things greatly facilitates operations, and large Irders are filled at short notice. Mr. Chas. Oppel maugura- ?ed the business in 1863, and in 1886 his sons be™ to con- tiniip the enterprise, and have maintamed its high leputa- ton Messrs Tugust and Berthold Oppel are both natives of Newark and a?e widely known, both by the citizens of this crty and the trade at large, as energetic men ol busi- ness The Messrs. Oppel both served terms in the late Civti War Mr. Bert'hold Oppel enlisted m company B^ of the mh N. J. Regiment, and Mr. August Oppel m the 36thN. Y.,Co. I, M COHEN, Manufacturer of and Dealer i:i Havana and Domestic Cigars. Also a Fine Assortment of Meerschaum Goods, Smokers' Articles, etc., o-Jo Mul bprrv Street Newark N. J. When a stranger arrives in a dtyfr town, hirflrt questions are generally affected in aerJatmSe by his personal habits. Of course he will wint a ^od hotel, but at'ter that point is P^^ided tor if he sti-eet This enterprise has been carried on here since 186i. a ml 1 lar»e iSanufacturing and retail business has been but up kr. Cohen is a manufacturer of as well as dealer in Havana and domestic cigar^'.^^ "■^''"^hTd" to establish a he must furnish a good article if he wished to establish a permanent business, and from the very beginnmg he has faken'^aTns to manu'facture and sell cigars that were nn.fo.-m ■ind excellent in flavor, as well as low in price. ine prera rsesoccup'edcover an'area of ^f\-^^-^llilti^\,^^ ployment is given to seven assistants. The business is not confined to the manufacture of cigars, but includes the sale of foreign cigars, tobacco, and smokers' articles in general ^nd a Hue assortment of meerschaum goods, cigars by the Sox being made' a specialty. Mr. Moses Cohen is a ^^tiv^e of New Vork and is very well known throughout jNewarK. He warrants his goodsL prove just as represened^ while the prices quoted on the same will be found ve. y low. 74 LEADING BUSINESS MEN OF NEWARK. C. V. BAUMANN, Plnmbin