No. 9113 
 
 1 1 
 
 WBa 
 
 m 
 
 mama 
 
 
 : - :,^i-'i..,,i >**>'■ ■ 
 
 

 ^ 
 
 5> <o 
 
 -Z-- 
 
 
 _ _ . vA;#/^#/\#/V; 
 
 
 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - %«** -life- v* 
 
 
 A. 
 
 -^ " A \' ... <^ *'•••'' A 6V ... ^ '^'"^ <* *^."' 5 .0 
 
 ^°^ 
 
 /^^^°o 
 
 
 
 ^^ ^. 
 
 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 
 'o^ 
 
 ^0* 
 
 8^°^ 
 
 "^6. * 
 
 - e H o ■ V %> 
 
 -J. - * « » <w ■>-i. 
 
 
 
 
 ^' 
 
 
 C v ♦ 
 
 0^ »!••* ^> 
 
 
 
 
 ^\ 
 
 

Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations/1987 
 
 Evaluation of Selected Lode Gold 
 Deposits in the Chugach National 
 Forest, Alaska 
 
 By Robert B. Hoekzema, Steven A. Fechner, and Joseph M. Kurtak 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 
Information Circular 9113 
 
 /Evaluation of Selected Lode Gold 
 Deposits in the Chugach National 
 Forest, Alaska 
 
 By Robert B. Hoekzema, Steven A. Fechner, and Joseph M. Kurtak 
 
 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
 Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary 
 
 BUREAU OF MINES 
 Robert C. Horton, Director 
 
As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has 
 responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This 
 includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish 
 and wildlife, preserving the environment and cultural values of our national parks and 
 historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. 
 The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that 
 their development is in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has 
 a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who 
 live in island territories under U.S. administration. 
 
 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 
 
 Hoekzema, Robert B. 
 
 Evaluation of selected lode gold deposits in the Chugach National Forest, Alaska. 
 
 (Information circular; 9113) 
 
 Bibliography: p. 56 
 
 Supt. ol' Docs, no.: I 28.27: 
 
 1. Gold ores— Alaska— Chugach National Forest. 2. Chugach National Forest 
 (Alaska) I. Fechner, Steven A. II. Kurtak, Joseph M. III. Title. IV. Series: Information 
 circular (United States. Bureau of Mines) ; 9113. 
 
 TN295.U4 [TN423.A7] 622 s [553.4'1'097983] 86-600229 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 4 
 
 Page 
 
 Abstract 1 
 
 Introduction 2 
 
 Location and land status 2 
 
 Previous studies 2 
 
 Non-Bureau studies 4 
 
 Bureau studies 4 
 
 Acknowledgments 5 
 
 Geologic setting 5 
 
 Valdez Group 5 
 
 Orca Group 5 
 
 Younger Tertiary rocks 5 
 
 Tertiary plutons 5 
 
 Structure 5 
 
 Folding 7 
 
 Faulting 7 
 
 Mineralization 7 
 
 Mining history, production, and reserves 10 
 
 Mine feasibility study 11 
 
 Lode gold deposits 11 
 
 Valdez area 11 
 
 Cliff Mine 11 
 
 Ramsay-Rutherford Mine 14 
 
 Gold King Mine 15 
 
 Donohue prospect 17 
 
 Port Wells area 19 
 
 Granite Mine 19 
 
 Page 
 
 Mineral King Mine 23 
 
 Culross Mine 24 
 
 Portage Mine 25 
 
 Moose Pass area 28 
 
 Primrose Mine 28 
 
 Crown Point Mine 30 
 
 Skeen-Lechner and Falls Creek Mines 32 
 
 East Point Mine 36 
 
 Summit Lake-Palmer Creek area 37 
 
 Gilpatrick Mine 37 
 
 Summit Vein prospect 40 
 
 Heaston-Oracle Mine 41 
 
 Hirshey-Lucky Strike Mine 43 
 
 Nearhouse Mine 46 
 
 Mineralized dikes 49 
 
 Gilpatrick dike 49 
 
 Palmer Creek dike 49 
 
 Girdwood area 49 
 
 Monarch Mine 49 
 
 Jewel Mine 53 
 
 Summary and recommendations 55 
 
 References 56 
 
 Appendix.— Quantitative analyses of samples from 
 selected mineral deposits in Chugach National 
 
 Forest area 58 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 1. Location of CNF 2 
 
 2. Land status within CNF 3 
 
 3. Geologic map of CNF 6 
 
 4. Type 1 fold in Valdez Group flysch 7 
 
 5. Hirshey-Lucky Strike vein exposed in 3,400-ft level 8 
 
 6. Locations of areas in CNF with concentrations of lode gold deposits 12 
 
 7. Locations of important lode gold deposits in Valdez area 13 
 
 Sample location map for— 
 
 8. 3,750-ft level of Ramsay-Rutherford Mine 15 
 
 9. 3,210-ft level of Gold King Mine 16 
 
 10. 2,610-ft level of Donohue prospect 18 
 
 11. Locations of important lode gold deposits in Port Wells area 20 
 
 12. Normal axonometric projection of accessible levels in Granite Mine 21 
 
 Sample location map for— 
 
 13. 350-ft level of Granite Mine 22 
 
 14. Mineral King Mine 24 
 
 15. 190-ft level of Culross Mine 26 
 
 16. 1,550-ft level of Portage Mine 27 
 
 17. Locations of important lode gold deposits in Moose Pass area 29 
 
 Sample location map for— 
 
 18. Crown Point Mine except for 4,320-ft level 31 
 
 19. 4,320-ft level of Crown Point Mine 33 
 
 20. Map of Falls Creek Mine workings 34 
 
 21. Sample location map for Skeen-Lechner Mine 35 
 
 22. Locations of important lode gold deposits in Summit Lake-Palmer Creek area 38 
 
IV 
 
 Sample location map for— 
 
 23. Gilpatrick Mine and Summit Vein prospect 39 
 
 24. Upper level of Gilpatrick Dike Mine 41 
 
 25. Oracle Mine 42 
 
 26. Map of Oracle Mine workings 44 
 
 Sample location map for— 
 
 27. Hirshey-Lucky Strike Mine 47 
 
 28. Nearhouse Mine 48 
 
 29. Locations of important lode gold deposits in Girdwood area 50 
 
 Sample location map for— 
 
 30. Monarch Mine 52 
 
 31. 3,500-ft level of Monarch Mine 53 
 
 32. Jewel Mine 54 
 
 TABLES 
 
 1. Summary of mineral development potential ratings for selected deposits in and near CNF 4 
 
 2. Production from main lode gold deposits in and near CNF 10 
 
 3. Identified resource estimates for deposits located in and near CNF 10 
 
 Recorded gold-silver production from: 
 
 4. Cliff Mine 13 
 
 5. Ramsay-Rutherford Mine 14 
 
 6. Granite Mine 21 
 
 7. Mineral King Mine 23 
 
 8. Crown Point Mine 30 
 
 9. Skeen-Lechner and Falls Creek Mines 33 
 
 10. East Point Mine 36 
 
 11. Gilpatrick Mine 37 
 
 12. Hirshey-Lucky Strike Mine 45 
 
 13. Monarch and Jewel Mines 50 
 
 UNIT OF MEASURE ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS REPORT 
 
 d/yr day per year oz/st ounce per short ton 
 
 ft foot oz/yd 3 ounce per cubic yard 
 
 ft 3 cubic foot pet percent 
 
 ft 3 /s cubic foot per second PP m part per million 
 
 hp horsepower st short ton 
 
 in inch st/d short ton per day 
 
 lb pound st/h short ton per hour 
 
 m.y. million years yd 3 cubic yard 
 
 oz ounce yr year 
 
EVALUATION OF SELECTED LODE GOLD DEPOSITS IN THE 
 CHUGACH NATIONAL FOREST, ALASKA 
 
 By Robert B. Hoekzema, 1 Steven A. Fechner, 2 and Joseph M. Kurtak 2 
 
 ABSTRACT 
 
 This Bureau of Mines report describes the history, characteristics, distribution, and 
 mineral development potential of 21 lode gold deposits in or near the Chugach National 
 Forest (CNF), AK. It includes findings from a 4-yr (1979 to 1982) mineral evaluation 
 of the CNF conducted by the Bureau and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This 
 evaluation, undertaken to provide the U.S. Forest Service with mineral resource data 
 for use in making decisions on land use, included site-specific mapping and sampling 
 of more than 200 lode gold deposits. The data presented here were compiled from the 
 findings of this 4-yr evaluation and from existing literature. 
 
 Fourteen of the 21 lode gold deposits described in this report contain a combined 
 identified resource of 117,750 short tons (st) averaging 0.55 oz/st Au and 0.2 oz/st Ag. 
 Two mineralized felsic dikes in the Summit Lake-Palmer Creek area contain a combined 
 identified resource of 18 million st grading 0.02 oz/st Au and 0.16 oz/st Ag. Identified 
 resources were not determined for the remaining five deposits because of a lack of 
 information. 
 
 'Supervisory physical scientist. 
 ^Physical scientist. 
 Alaska Field Operations Center, Bureau of Mines, Anchorage, AK. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 A mineral resource investigation of the CNF was con- 
 ducted by an interagency team of Bureau of Mines and 
 USGS researchers. The purpose of the study was to provide 
 U.S. Forest Service planners with mineral resource infor- 
 mation they could use in making decisions on land-use 
 classification. This investigation, initiated under the 
 Roadless Area Review and Evaluation II (RARE II) pro- 
 gram, started in 1979 and was completed in 1982. The 
 USGS compiled and evaluated data on the regional geology, 
 geochemistry, and geophysics. The Bureau compiled and 
 evaluated data on mines, prospects, mineral occurrences, 
 and areas of mineralization, to identify mineral resources 
 and determine mineral development potential. The data col- 
 lected by the Bureau are summarized in a previous Bureau 
 report (18). a A joint USGS-Bureau summary report, pub- 
 lished by the USGS as MF-1645A (35) describes the geology, 
 geophysics, geochemistry, and mineral resource potential 
 of the study area. Other Bureau reports discuss the critical 
 and strategic mineral development potential (15); placer (12, 
 14, 18), manganese (25), and molybdenum deposits (16); and 
 results of sampling (17, 28) in the CNF. 
 
 This report discusses the distribution, characteristics, 
 and mineral development potential of 21 significant lode 
 gold deposits in the CNF. It also presents recommendations 
 concerning additional examinations and other predevelop- 
 ment work considered necessary either to realize the poten- 
 tial of these deposits or to provide the basis for assessments 
 
 ^Italic numbers in parentheses refer to items in the list of references 
 preceding the appendix. 
 
 Borro 
 
 that cannot be made with existing information. However, 
 such additional work is not currently planned by the 
 Bureau. 
 
 Lode gold deposits were identified in the CNF in the 
 late 1800's, on the Kenai Peninsula, where about 26,700 
 oz Au was produced from lode mines in the Moose Pass, 
 Summit Lake, and Girdwood areas between 1899 and the 
 mid-1950's. Additional production came from the Cliff Mine 
 (51,740 oz) near Valdez and the Granite Mine (24,440 oz) 
 on Port Wells. 
 
 LOCATION AND LAND STATUS 
 
 The CNF is located in south-central Alaska and is ap- 
 proximately 5.9 million acres in size (fig. 1). Federal, State, 
 city, and private land holdings (including Native regional 
 corporation selections) are present within the area studied. 
 The CNF boundaries and land status are shown on figure 
 2. Much of the CNF is open to mineral entry; however, 
 Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and/or U.S. Forest 
 Service land status records should be consulted prior to stak- 
 ing claims. The BLM mining claim report dated October 
 19, 1984 (68), indicated 2,420 placer and 667 lode claims 
 in the CNF. 
 
 PREVIOUS STUDIES 
 
 Published work on CNF mineral resources includes 
 reports by the USGS, private companies, the State of 
 Alaska, universities, and the Bureau of Mines. 
 
 % 
 
 «;&>£**' 
 
 Chugach National Forest 
 
 Islands c? 
 
 FIGURE 1.— Location of CNF. 
 
o 
 
 c 
 
 (0 
 
 ■o 
 c 
 
 CM 
 UJ 
 
 a. 
 
 u. 
 
Non-Bureau Studies 
 
 The earliest reports describing the geology and 
 mineralization of the CNF were published by the USGS (3, 
 27). Brooks (5) and Johnson( 24) described the lode and 
 placer deposits of the Valdez and adjacent area. Johnson 
 (21 ) discussed the Port Wells lode gold district. Grant and 
 Higgins (13); Johnson (20, 22); Martin, Johnson, and Grant 
 (26); Capps (9); Park (37); and Tuck (65) discussed the 
 geology and mineral resources on the Kenai Peninsula and 
 nearby areas. Barry (2) summarized the history of mining 
 on the Kenai Peninsula. Tysdal (66-67) published maps 
 showing lode deposits and occurrences and the geology of 
 the Seward and Blying Sound quadrangles. Case and others 
 (10-11) published reports interpreting the gravity and 
 aeromagnetic characteristics of the Seward and Blying 
 Sound quadrangles. Budnik (6), Mitchell (29), and Pickthorn 
 (38) completed theses concerning the geologic history and 
 mineralization of the Valdez Group of metamorphosed 
 sedimentary rocks. Recently, a combined USGS-Bureau 
 report (35) summarizing the mineral resources and geology 
 was published. 
 
 Bureau Studies 
 
 The Bureau collected site-specific information on 
 mineral deposits for use in determining the mineral develop- 
 ment potential of mineral deposits in the CNF. This infor- 
 mation was incorporated in reports to the U.S. Forest Ser- 
 vice for use in land-use planning. 
 
 The Bureau's contribution to the mineral evaluation of 
 the CNF consisted of a literature search and site-specific 
 field work which included mapping and sampling of mines, 
 prospects, mineral occurrences, and mineralized areas; 
 estimating identified resources; and determining the 
 mineral development potential of the examined deposits. 
 The Bureau's field work focused on metallic mineralization, 
 such as lode gold, copper, and placer gold deposits. 
 
 Pre-field office work and the literature search were in- 
 itiated in 1979. Data compilation on mineralization, pro- 
 duction, and mining history included the review of com- 
 monly available literature, exploration or mining company 
 files, files at the Technical Data Section of the USGS at 
 Menlo Park, CA, records of the Assay Office of the U.S. Mint 
 at Seattle, WA, and the Bureau's Minerals Availability 
 System (MAS) files in Juneau, AK. Requests for informa- 
 tion were made to individuals familiar with the CNF area 
 or having historical data. All data were reviewed and 
 evaluated to obtain a historical overview. 
 
 Field work in 1979 was mostly of a regional recon- 
 naissance nature, with more detailed followup work at 
 mineralized areas in 1980, 1981, and 1982. Field work in- 
 cluded locating the prospects, mapping accessible workings, 
 and identifying and evaluating the extent of mineraliza- 
 tion and its geologic setting. In addition to locating mines 
 and prospects, the Bureau investigated geochemically 
 anomalous areas to determine if unreported zones of 
 mineralization were present. Standard sampling procedures 
 included the collection of continuous-chip and random-chip 
 samples. Samples were quantitatively analyzed using fire 
 assay (FA) and atomic absorption (AA) techniques. Sample 
 data in this report are listed in parts per million (ppm^ for 
 AA analyses and ounces per short ton (oz/st)for FA anal - 
 yses. Bureau data were used to prepare a report concern- 
 ing the feasibility of gold and copper mining (52) and to 
 estimate the development potential of mineral deposits 
 in the CNF (18). 
 
 The scope of the mineral assessment was not uniform 
 across the study area. Differences were due to the amount 
 of historical data available, access, topography, surface 
 cover, and the Alaska National Interest Land Conservation 
 Act's (ANILCA) revision of the study area (CNF) boun- 
 daries. The evaluation was most complete in areas of 
 historic mining activity and weakest in the eastern part 
 of the study area, especially for the College Fiord and Rude- 
 Copper River ANILCA additions to the CNF made in 
 December 1980. The new additions included mostly areas 
 of relatively inaccessible, largely ice-covered land with few 
 reported mineral occurrences. Mineral resources in these 
 areas may have been bypassed or overlooked at the time 
 of peak exploration activity because of ice cover, location, 
 and access problems. 
 
 Identified resource estimates were made for deposits for 
 which sufficient data were available. These estimates were 
 made by multiplying the known strike length of mineraliza- 
 tion by the average thickness by the known depth or by one- 
 half the strike length (for unknown depth), to determine 
 volume in cubic feet. The volume was divided by a tonnage 
 factor ranging from 11.7 to 12, depending upon estimated 
 specific gravity, to determine the tonnage, in short tons, 
 of resource present. 
 
 Jansons, Hoekzema, Kurtak, and Fechner (18) have 
 described all known mines, prospects, and occurrences in 
 the CNF and rated the mineral development potential of 
 each using one of four levels: "high," "moderate," "low," 
 or "unknown." These ratings were based on an evaluation 
 of mineral values, distribution of mineralization, and 
 geologic and geochemical factors. 
 
 A deposit of "high" mineral development potential 
 would, by definition, have high values and probable con- 
 tinuity of mineralization. A deposit of "moderate" mineral 
 development potential might have high metal contents, but 
 the mineralization might be distributed discontinuously in 
 and along structures. A deposit with "low" mineral develop- 
 ment potential would contain uneconomic values and/or 
 show little evidence of continuity of mineralization. For ex- 
 ample, quartz veins averaging less than 1 ft thick with 
 grades below 0.1 oz/st Au would rank as low. Similarly, 
 mineralized narrow fractures a few inches wide and/or ex- 
 tending laterally up to several tens of feet, with no evidence 
 of continuity, would rank as low. Table 1 summarizes the 
 mineral development potential ratings for the deposits 
 described in this report. 
 
 Table 1.— Summary of mineral development potential ratings 
 for selected deposits in and near CNF 
 
 Deposit" 1 Rating 
 
 Cliff Mine High. 
 
 Ramsay-Rutherford Mine High(?) 
 
 Gold King Mine Unknown 
 
 Donohue prospect High. 
 
 Granite Mine Moderate. 
 
 Mineral King Mine Do. 
 
 Culross Mine Do. 
 
 Portage Mine Do. 
 
 Primrose Mine High 
 
 Crown Point Mine Do. 
 
 Skeen-Lechner and Falls Creek Mines Do. 
 
 East Point Mine Do. 
 
 Gilpatrick Mine Do. 
 
 Summit Vein prospect Do. 
 
 Heaston-Oracle Mine Do. 
 
 Hirshey-Lucky Strike Mine Do. 
 
 Nearhouse Mine Moderate. 
 
 Gilpatrick dike Low to moderate 
 
 Palmer Creek dike Do. 
 
 Monarch Mine High 
 
 Jewel Mine Do. 
 
 1 ln order of discussion in this report. 
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
 
 Th<* authors thank Dr. Miles Silberman, USGS 
 geologist, Denver, CO, who assisted Bureau personnel in 
 collecting samples and data and provided information 
 necessary for understanding the genesis of mineral deposits 
 within the CNF. Thanks are also expressed to Philip Burna, 
 habitat biologist with the Alaska Department of Fish and 
 Game, Anchorage, AK, and Peter Paranese, chief of opera- 
 tions, Alaska Division of Parks and Recreation, Anchorage, 
 
 who supplied permits for sampling within the CNF and ad- 
 jacent areas. Numerous miners cooperated with the Bureau 
 by supplying considerable information and advice concern- 
 ing lode gold deposits. Thanks are especially expressed to 
 the following: Edward Ellis, Crescent Creek miner; George 
 Zimmer, Milo Flothe, and Robert Kelley, Quartz Creek 
 miners; Patrick Bogan, East Point Mine owner; and Marvin 
 Self, Mills Creek miner. 
 
 GEOLOGIC SETTING 
 
 The majority of the CNF is underlain by tightly folded 
 and extensively faulted metamorphic rocks of the 
 Cretaceous Valdez and Eocene Orca Groups. Younger Ter- 
 tiary sedimentary rocks are exposed in the easternmost por- 
 tion of the CNF, and Tertiary plutons are scattered 
 throughout. The general geology of the CNF is shown in 
 figure 3. 
 
 VALDEZ GROUP 
 
 The Valdez Group crops out in the western and northern 
 portions of the CNF as an arcuate-shape band of rocks con- 
 sisting mostly of a slightly metamorphosed, steeply dipping, 
 marine clastic (flysch) sequence. Turbidites composed of well 
 indurated, rhythmically interbedded sandstone, siltstone, 
 and argillite with minor pebble conglomerate are the most 
 common Valdez Group lithologies. Interbedded sediments, 
 tuffs, and pillow basalts occur north and east of Cordova; 
 and basalt sills and sheeted dikes, gabbro, and serpentinized 
 dunite occur on the Resurrection Peninsula. An excellent 
 summary of the petrography of the Valdez Group sand- 
 stones is given by Dumoulin in Winkler, Miller, Hoekzema, 
 and Dumoulin (69). Most Valdez Group sandstone is com- 
 positionally a graywacke (i.e., the percentage of lithic grains 
 is greater than the percentage of feldspar grains) but is not 
 texturally a graywacke (matrix less than 15 pet). Lithic 
 clasts are predominantly volcanic in origin and of andesitic 
 composition (31, 70). Most of the lode gold production came 
 from deposits hosted by Valdez Group rocks. Plafker, Jones, 
 and Pessagno (39) speculate that these rocks accreted to the 
 southern Alaska mainland during the late Cretaceous and 
 early Tertiary periods. 
 
 ORCA GROUP 
 
 The Orca Group crops out in the central portion of the 
 CNF as an arcuate-shape band of rocks located immediately 
 east and south of the contact fault that separates it from 
 the Valdez Group (fig. 3). These rocks are similar in ap- 
 pearance and composition to those of the Valdez Group but 
 tend to contain a greater proportion of mafic volcanics. The 
 Orca Group hosts a few widely scattered lode gold deposits, 
 but only two of these have produced, and their production 
 was small. Plafker, Jones and Pessagno (39) speculate that 
 these rocks accreted to the southern Alaska mainland dur- 
 ing the Paleogene. 
 
 YOUNGER TERTIARY ROCKS 
 
 Tertiary rocks, younger than the Orca Group, are pres- 
 ent at Kayak Island and areas east of the Ragged Moun- 
 tains. Younger rocks consist of unmetamorphosed siltstones, 
 claystones, shales, sandstones, and basalt. The younger Ter- 
 tiary strata include the Yakataga, Redwood, Poul Creek, 
 Tokun, Kulthieth, and Stillwater Formations, plus undi- 
 vided sedimentary and volcanic rocks that were deposited 
 on the Orca Group and its associated plutonic rocks during 
 periods of marine transgression and regression (39). 
 
 The younger Tertiary sedimentary rocks contain known 
 deposits of subbituminous coal, oil, and gas. However, re- 
 cent exploration has not located commercial deposits of 
 hydrocarbons. 
 
 TERTIARY PLUTONS 
 
 Tertiary plutonic rocks were emplaced during two main 
 and one minor intrusive episodes (35). On the basis of 
 potassium argon dating, major episodes occurred at 50 to 
 53 m.y. and 34 to 36 m.y. (35). Older plutons are generally 
 medium-grained biotite and/or hornblende-biotite granite. 
 Younger plutons, which occur in the western portion of the 
 CNF along the Orca- Valdez Group contact, have multiple 
 phases and vary widely in composition from granite to gab- 
 bro. A minor episode of plutonism is represented by a 6-m.y.- 
 old dacitic plug at the southern tip of Kayak Island (35). 
 
 Lode gold mineralization in Valdez Group rocks is 
 associated spatially with Tertiary plutons at many locations 
 in the CNF. Streams draining these areas characteristically 
 contain gold-bearing gravels, and one, Crow Creek, near 
 Girdwood, has been a significant placer gold producer. 
 
 STRUCTURE 
 
 Valdez Group rocks are complexly folded and faulted. 
 Some coarser grained rocks contain well-preserved 
 sedimentary features, but most outcrops display a well- 
 developed foliation. Regionally, an obvious parallelism of 
 fold axes and faults exists. At least two stages of deforma- 
 tion are recognized. 
 
D 
 
 s > u 
 
 5 o 
 
 > 5 
 
 enoeaeieo 
 
 o 
 
 ■^ 
 o 
 
 Q. 
 <S 
 
 E 
 o 
 "5> 
 o 
 o 
 
 0) 
 
 O 
 
 I 
 co 
 
 ui 
 
 oc 
 
 o 
 
Folding 
 
 At least two generations of folding have been 
 documented within the Valdez Group. One set (type 1) con- 
 sists of regional-scale (isoclinal ?) folding with axial planes 
 striking north to northeast and dipping steeply west and 
 axes plunging moderately to the north (fig. 4). The second 
 set (type 2) has axial planes similar in attitude to those of 
 the larger scale folds, but axes plunge steeply and are often 
 spatially related to the large regional reverse diagonal-slip 
 faults. Mineralized quartz veins locally show evidence of 
 occupying the crests of relatively large folds. Mitchell (29) 
 discusses folding in the Hope area in some detail. 
 
 Faulting 
 
 Two prominent sets of faults occur in Valdez Group 
 rocks. Regionally, the most apparent occur as relatively 
 
 widely spaced (several miles) north-northeast striking, 
 steeply west dipping longitudinal faults having reverse ver- 
 tical and right lateral horizontal components of movement 
 (diagonal-slip faults). The east side of each fault has ap- 
 parently moved down and south relative to the west side. 
 Examples include the Contact, Port Wells, and Placer River 
 faults. Related (?) but much more closely spaced (hundreds 
 of feet) parallel faults and shear zones are recognized 
 throughout the area. Faults in the second set are older and 
 occur as relatively closely spaced (50 to 500 ft) west-to- 
 northwest striking, steeply dipping transverse faults. These 
 typically have left-lateral horizontal displacements of a few 
 feet and vertical displacements of similar magnitude. 
 Quartz veins develop along one or both of the fault direc- 
 tions in most areas. Mineralized quartz veins are usually 
 emplaced along transverse fractures that are typically off- 
 set by the northeast striking set of diagonal-slip faults. 
 
 " \ 
 
 FIGURE 4. — Type 1 fold in Valdez Group flysch on north side of Turnagain Arm near Bird Point. 
 
 MINERALIZATION 
 
 Gold occurs in epigenetic quartz-carbonate veins em- 
 placed along shear zones and fractures in Valdez Group 
 flysch deposits. The veins have been classified into six 
 categories, based upon the amount of sulfides present and 
 their spatial relationship to intrusives: (1) quartz-carbonate 
 
 veins with variable (less than 3 pet to greater than 10 pet) 
 sulfide content associated with small- to medium-size 
 granitic stocks, (2) quartz-carbonate veins with low sulfide 
 content spatially associated with, but not in contact with, 
 felsic dikes, (3) quartz-carbonate veins with low sulfide con- 
 
tent recementing fractured felsic dikes, (4) quartz-carbonate 
 veins with low sulfide content not associated with felsic 
 dikes or granitic stocks, (5) quartz-carbonate veins with high 
 sulfide content not associated with felsic dikes or granitic 
 stocks, and (6) quartz-carbonate veins hosted by Orca Group 
 volcanics and flysch. 
 
 Mineralized quartz-carbonate veins are generally vuggy 
 and banded in appearance (fig. 5). Bands consist of a bluish 
 translucent quartz interlayered with thin carbonaceous- 
 appearing bands and a mixture of milky quartz and buff- 
 colored carbonate. Accessory sulfides typically include 
 arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, stib- 
 nite, and molybdenite. Galena, arsenopyrite, and to a lesser 
 extent, sphalerite, generally accompany high gold values 
 in most veins. Gold occurs as disseminated grains often 
 associated with bluish quartz, as intergrowths in sulfides 
 such as galena and arsenopyrite, and as smears along frac- 
 ture surfaces. The gold is distributed throughout the vein, 
 but typically occurs in and along the sheared margins. Trace 
 amounts of gold may extend into the wall rock, especially 
 where shearing is prevalent. 
 
 The origin of gold-quartz veins is a controversial sub- 
 ject among geologists working in the CNF and similar 
 graywacke-slate terranes. Numerous investigators have at- 
 tempted to relate such deposits to orogenic-related 
 magmatic events; others argue that they can be related to 
 metamorphic processes. Boyle (4) summarizes the contro- 
 versy and concludes the following: 
 
 It is sufficient to state here that some gold-quartz 
 veins and other auriferous deposits exhibit a 
 spatial relationship to intrusive granitic bodies in 
 
 orogenic zones throughout the world; other gold- 
 quartz veins and gold-bearing deposits show no 
 such relationship. Nearly all types of epigenetic 
 gold deposits, however, are restricted to rocks that 
 exhibit a low to moderate degree of metamorphism 
 (greenschist to amphibolite facies). One does not 
 find epigenetic gold deposits in rocks that do not 
 show the effects of considerable recrystallization 
 and alteration such as regional propylitization. 
 From this fact the logical conclusion seems to 
 follow that epigenetic gold deposits in the vicinity 
 of intrusive granitic rocks is not fortuitous. The 
 reason for this, however, may not be that the 
 granitic bodies provided the gold, but that these 
 bodies are simply one in a series of products of in- 
 tense metamorphism. These bodies also include the 
 gold deposits, the gold being derived from piles of 
 sedimentary and volcanic rocks and concentrated 
 as a result of granitization and later metamorphic 
 processes that continued long after the emplace- 
 ment, crystallization, and consolidation of 
 batholiths, stocks and dykes of granite, granodio- 
 rite, etc. 
 
 Mitchell, Silberman, and O'Neill (30) have studied fluid 
 inclusions from gold-quartz veins in the Hope area and sug- 
 gest that silica, carbon, sulfur, and metals contained in 
 unstable volcanic detrital grains within Valdez Group 
 sediments were dissolved by circulating meteoric water and 
 subsequently deposited in auriferous quartz veins along 
 open, predominantly northwest-oriented structures. These 
 
 ^m ; -i'. 
 
 FIGURE 5.— Hirshey-Lucky Strike vein exposed in 3,400-ft level. 
 
deposits are not spatially associated with granitic plutons, 
 and it has not been determined whether veins located 
 elsewhere in the CNF near and in granitic intrusives, such 
 as thoqe at the Granite Mine, can be similarly explained. 
 Mineralized veins at the Granite Mine and elsewhere fill 
 fractures in the granite, indicating that they postdate the 
 intrusions, but additional work will be needed to fully 
 understand their genesis. 
 
 Recent work by the USGS suggests that gold-quartz 
 veins are regionally restricted to areas of medium 
 greenschist facies metamorphic rocks. 
 
 Characteristics of each deposit type are summarized in 
 the following sections. 
 
 Quartz-Carbonate Veins With Variable Sulfide Con- 
 tent Associated With Small- to Medium-Sized 
 Granitic Stocks 
 
 Structure: Veins crosscut regional structure at variable 
 angles and are peripheral to locally crosscutting intrusive 
 contacts. Generally moderately to steeply dipping. Occur 
 along shear zones and fissures. 
 
 Size: Small to medium. 6 to 48 in thick, 200 to 600 ft 
 or more long, 150 to 500 ft depth. Identified resources 
 usually range from 5,000 to 10,000 st with a maximum of 
 50,000 st. 
 
 Grade: Medium to high. Recorded production grades 
 range from 0.5 to 0.9 oz/st Au. 
 
 Associated sulfides: Sulfide content ranges from less 
 than 1 to 30 pet and includes arsenopyrite, galena, sphal- 
 erite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and locally molybde- 
 nite and stibnite. 
 
 Metal associations: Gold is fine-grained (less than 0.01 
 in). Occurs as disseminated grains and in sulfides. Associ- 
 ated with high galena contents. 
 
 Production history: CNF deposits have produced over 
 33,000 oz Au and 4,150 oz Ag, mostly from the Granite Mine 
 (24,440 oz Au, 2,500 oz Ag). 
 
 Examples: Granite, Portage, Monarch, Jewel, and 
 Mineral King Mines. 
 
 Quartz-Carbonate Veins With Low Sulfide Content 
 Spatially Associated But Not in Contact With Felsic 
 Dikes 
 
 Structure: Steeply dipping veins crosscutting regional 
 structure at 30° to 60°. Occur in fissures and along joint 
 surfaces. Consistently cut off by faults and often sheared. 
 
 Size: Small. Less than 3 to 48 in thick, 50 to 500 ft long, 
 50 to 300 ft depth. Identified resources usually range from 
 500 to 1,500 st with a maximum of 15,000 st. 
 
 Grade: High. Recorded production grades range from 
 0.7 to 0.9 oz/st Au. Veins sampled commonly averaged 1 
 to 2 oz/st Au. 
 
 Associated sulfides: Arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, 
 pyrite and chalcopyrite. 
 
 Metal associations: Gold occurs in carbonaceous ribbons 
 adjacent to or surrounded by galena, smeared along frac- 
 ture surfaces and in vugs. Gold is reported to be plus 60 
 mesh in producing mines, but is seldom coarser than plus 
 6 mesh. 
 
 Production history: CNF deposits have produced in ex- 
 cess of 8,100 oz Au and 5,000 oz Ag from the Summit Lake- 
 Hope area. Minor production reported from similar veins 
 in the Golden area on the east side of Port Wells. 
 
 Examples: Hirshey-Lucky Strike, Nearhouse, and 
 Oracle Mines. 
 
 Quartz-Carbonate Veins With Low Sulfide Content 
 Recementing Fractured Felsic Dikes 
 
 Structure: Dikes dip near vertically and strike sub- 
 parallel to regional structure. 
 
 Size: Large. 2 to 18 ft thick, 1,000 ft to several miles 
 long, unknown depth. Identified resources estimated at 14 
 million st, maximum. 
 
 Grade: Low. Less than 0.1 oz/st Au. Quartz veins may 
 be locally high grade. 
 
 Associated sulfides: Arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, 
 galena, sphalerite, and locally, stibnite and pyrrhotite. 
 Arsenopyrite occurs in the dike rock. 
 
 Metal associations: Gold is associated with quartz- 
 containing galena and sphalerite. 
 
 Production history: Gilpatrick Mine is the only pro- 
 ducer, with 3,545 oz Au, 1,099 oz Ag total. However, pro- 
 duction occurred from high-grade quartz veins crosscutting 
 or adjacent to the Gilpatrick dike, not the dike itself. 
 
 Examples: Gilpatrick Mine. 
 
 Quartz-Carbonate Veins With Low Sulfide Content 
 Not Spatially Associated With Dikes or Stocks 
 
 Structure: Veins usually crosscut regional structure at 
 50° to 90°. Dips are 45° to vertical. Occur along shear zones 
 offset by faults. 
 
 Size: Small. 6 to 48 in thick, 100 to 450 ft long, 50 to 
 250 ft deep. Identified resources of 3,000 to 5,000 st with 
 maximum of 14,000 st. 
 
 Grade: High. Production grades of 0.4 to 4.92 oz/st Au 
 reported. Veins sampled averaged from 0.4 to 1.6 oz/st Au. 
 
 Associated sulfides: Arsenopyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, 
 pyrite, and sphalerite. 
 
 Metal associations: The gold appears to be disseminated 
 along vein contacts and along fractures. Gold is mostly fine 
 with particles greater than 0.01 in. rare. 
 
 Production history: Several properties had significant 
 production totaling about 9,500 oz Au and 1,950 oz Ag. The 
 Crown Point Mine was the largest producer, with 3,145 oz 
 Au and 639 oz Ag. 
 
 Examples: Crown Point, East Point, Skeen-Lechner, 
 Falls Creek, Ramsay-Rutherford, and Gold King Mines. 
 
 Quartz-Carbonate Veins With a High Sulfide Content 
 Not Spatially Associated With Dikes or Stocks 
 
 Structure: Veins generally parallel regional structure 
 and have steep dips. Occur along well-defined shear zones. 
 Mineralization occurs in pods. 
 
 Size: Small. 3 to 36 in thick, 25 to 250 ft long, up to 150 
 ft deep. Usually, more than one vein occurs together. Iden- 
 tified resources: 750 to 1,050 st/vein. Maximum identified 
 resources of 7,000 st/vein 
 
 Grade: High. Production grades of Primrose Mine 
 reported to be about 5 oz/st Au. Samples collected from veins 
 in the area contained from a trace to 3 oz/st Au. 
 
 Associated sulfides: Arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, 
 pyrite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite. 
 
 Metal associations: Ribbon structure, locally well- 
 defined. Gold is fine-grained and appears to occur in car- 
 bonaceous bands. 
 
 Production history: Production exceeding 52,000 oz Au 
 and 8,300 oz Ag. Mostly from the Cliff Mine (51,740 oz Au, 
 8,153 oz Ag). Primrose has recorded production of 659 oz 
 Au, 138 oz Ag. Reported production exceeded 4,000 oz Au. 
 
10 
 
 Examples: Cliff and Primrose Mines and Donohue 
 prospect. 
 
 Quartz-Carbonate Veins Hosted by Orca Group 
 Volcanics 
 
 Structure: Steeply dipping quartz carbonate veins 
 hosted by Orca Group volcanics. 
 
 Size: Small. 1 in to 3 ft thick, 410 ft long, up to 200 ft 
 deep. Maximum identified resources of 15,000 st. 
 
 Grade: Medium. Samples collected suggest grades do not 
 exceed 0.5 oz/st Au. 
 
 Associated sulfides: Galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, 
 arsenopyrite, and sphalerite. 
 
 Metal associations: Gold appears to be associated with 
 galena and sphalerite-rich material. 
 
 Production history: Minor production— 62 oz Au, 53 oz 
 Ag. 
 
 Example: Culross Mine. 
 
 MINING HISTORY, PRODUCTION, AND RESERVES 
 
 The earliest recorded attempts to identify mineral 
 resources in the CNF were made by Russian explorers in 
 the mid-1800's. Peter Doroshin, a mining engineer sent by 
 the Russian- American Co., reported finding widespread 
 auriferous gravels along the Kenai River system in 1848, 
 but was apparently unsuccessful in locating commercial 
 quantities of gold (2). Lode gold was explored for and mined 
 on a small scale in the Valdez, Port Wells, Kenai Penin- 
 sula, and Girdwood areas of the CNF beginning in the late 
 1890's. Exploration also occurred at McKinley Lake near 
 Cordova, but only minor gold was produced. Production 
 from the main lode gold deposits in the CNF is summarized 
 in table 2. Total documented lode gold production is about 
 132,000 oz. 
 
 Table 2. — Production from main lode gold deposits 
 in and near CNF 
 
 Location Recorded produc- 
 
 Mine shown in tion,' oz 
 
 figure— Au Ag 
 
 Cliff 7 51,740 8.153 
 
 Granite 12 24,440 2,492 
 
 Hirshey-Lucky Strike 23 6,094 4.699 
 
 Ramsay-Rutherford 7 5,375 1,194 
 
 Monarch and Jewel 29 4,933 996 
 
 Primrose 18 2 659 138 
 
 Gilpatrick 23 3,545 1 .099 
 
 Crown Point 18 3,145 639 
 
 Mineral King 12 2,783 626 
 
 Gold King 6 1 ,997 1 87 
 
 Skeen-Lechner and Falls Creek ... 18 1.851 520 
 
 East Point 18 1 .725 479 
 
 Heaston-Oracle 23 1 .274 256 
 
 Portage Bay 12 490 60 
 
 Nearhouse . , 23 1 02 3 
 
 Culross 12 62 53 
 
 Total 3 -M28.695 20.925 
 
 'From available records. 
 
 2 More than 4,000 oz Au according to Burnette (7). 
 3 Totals include production from approximately 25 additional deposits. 
 4 See footnote 2; using Burnette's data for the Primrose Mine, total gold pro- 
 duction would be more than 132,036 oz. 
 
 Gold deposits in the Valdez area occur to the north of 
 and mostly outside the study area. The trend of the deposits 
 extends into the CNF, west to and across Columbia Glacier, 
 and east of the Cliff Mine along the Lowe and Tasnuna 
 Rivers. Little interest was shown in lode gold mining in 
 northern Prince William Sound until 1910, when the veins 
 at the Cliff Mine, discovered in 1906 at Port Valdez, proved 
 to be excellent producers. By 1911, 48 mines and prospects 
 were located from Valdez Glacier to Columbia Glacier, a 
 distance of about 26 miles. 
 
 Producing properties in the Port Wells area include the 
 Granite, Mineral King, and Portage Bay Mines. With the 
 exception of the Granite Mine, lode gold prospects consist 
 
 of small, widely scattered, mineralized quartz and quartz- 
 carbonate veins. The date of the first lode gold discovery 
 in the Port Wells area is not known, but it is likely that 
 this discovery had occurred by 1910. 
 
 On Culross Island, two lode gold deposits are present 
 south of Culross Bay. Both deposits, the Culross Mine and 
 the John Sells prospect, contain gold in quartz-filled 
 fissures. Claims were first staked in 1907. By 1950, at least 
 895 ft of underground workings existed at the Culross Mine. 
 
 On the Kenai Peninsula, the possibility of gold-bearing 
 veins was noted in the Summit Creek area in 1896 (26). Lode 
 claims were located on Bear, Palmer, and Sawmill Creeks 
 in 1898. Those located in the Falls Creek area were staked 
 in 1905, and those near Slate and Summit Creeks were 
 staked in 1906. The first notable (but sporadic) production 
 in the Falls Creek area occurred in 1911. Over the years, 
 gold production has come periodically from the same prop- 
 erties. The longest continuous lode gold production on the 
 Kenai Peninsula came from the Hirshey-Lucky Strike veins 
 
 Table 3.— Identified resource estimates for deposits 
 in and near CNF 
 
 n , Location identified Grade, oz/st 
 
 Deposit shown in , . . 
 
 figure _ resource,' st Au Ag 
 
 QUARTZ VEIN DEPOSITS 
 
 Cliff Mine 7 ND ND ND 
 
 Ramsay-Rutherford 7 ND ND ND 
 
 Gold King Mine : 7 ND ND ND 
 
 Donohue prospect 7 2,500 0.42 0.1 
 
 Granite Mine: 
 
 Ore 12 1,900 .78 e .1 
 
 Tailings 12 30,000 .18 e 02 
 
 Mineral King Mine 12 500 .012 e 002 
 
 Culross Mine 12 9,800 .16 .1 
 
 Portage Mine 12 10,000 6 e .1 
 
 Primrose Mine 18 1,300 1.42 .6 
 
 Crown Point Mine 18 50 2.0 .5 
 
 31,000 .37 .1 
 Skeen-Lechner and Falls 
 
 Creek Mines 18 10.000 .82 .3 
 
 East Point Mine 18 3,700 2.35 .5 
 
 Gilpatrick Mine 23 2,000 .89 .65 
 
 Summit Vein prospect 23 3,400 2.4 1.6 
 
 Heaston-Oracle Mine 23 ND ND ND 
 
 Hirshey-Lucky Strike 
 
 Mine 23 2,100 1.25 .65 
 
 Nearhouse Mine 23 6,400 .2 .3 
 
 Monarch Mine 30 ND ND ND 
 
 Jewel Mine 30 3,100 1.75 .75 
 
 Total ~ 1 17,750 .55 .2 
 
 FELSIC DIKE DEPOSITS 
 
 Gilpatrick Dike 23 14,000,000 0.02 0.2 
 
 Palmer Creek Dike 23 4,000,000 .03 .07 
 
 Total 18,000,000 .022 .16 
 
 e Estimate based upon past production records. ND Not determined. 
 
 'Identified resources were calculated using the half-square technique (length 
 of known mineralization x width x depth [equal to 1/2 the known length]) 
 unless otherwise indicated in report. 
 
11 
 
 on Palmer Creek. Other producers include the Primrose, 
 Skeen-Lechner, East Point, Crown Point, Grant Lake, 
 Gilpatrick, Heaston-Oracle, and Ronan and James Mines. 
 
 Auriferous veins were discovered in 1909 near Gird- 
 wood, at the headwaters of Crow Creek. Sporadic produc- 
 tion occurred from 1926 to 1947. Remains of a small flota- 
 tion mill are still present at the Monarch Mine site near 
 Crow Pass. 
 
 In the McKinley Lake area, east of Cordova, most of the 
 surface trenching and underground work had been com- 
 pleted by 1912 (40). Records show gold production there as 
 16 oz. Although gold-bearing quartz veins and stockworks 
 
 are present, the gold distribution is erratic, sparse, and 
 discontinuous. 
 
 The majority of the lode gold deposits in and near the 
 CNF are small, as indicated by past production and iden- 
 tified resource estimates made as a part of this study (table 
 3). Fourteen deposits contain a total identified resource in 
 excess of 117,750 st with a weighted-average grade of 0.55 
 oz/st Au and 0.2 oz/st Ag. On the Kenai Peninsula, two 
 mineralized felsic dikes collectively contain an identified 
 resource of 18 million st with a grade of 0.02 oz/st Au and 
 0.16 oz/st Ag. 
 
 MINE FEASIBILITY STUDY 
 
 The Bureau completed a preliminary mine feasibility 
 study for a small hypothetical lode gold mine in the CNF 
 in 1984 (52). The hypothesized ore body contained 50,000 
 st of gold ore and had a 4-ft mining width, which increased 
 the extracted tonnage to 100,000 st of material. An 
 estimated 70 pet of the gold could be recovered by simple 
 gravity-separation techniques. The mine was assumed to 
 operate 330 d/yr at 100 st/d and have a mine life of 3 yr. 
 Pre-production costs and capital expenditures were 
 estimated to be $3,630,700. Based upon these assumptions, 
 
 an underground operation of this type could break even with 
 an ore grade of 0.75 oz/st Au and a gold price of $305/oz. 
 Based upon information from this study, deposits 
 similar in size to the Cliff and Granite Mines could be 
 profitably mined under current economic conditions. 
 Although no deposits in the CNF are known to contain 
 50,000 st of identified resources that are currently 
 economically recoverable, the potential exists for locating 
 a deposit of this size through detailed site-specific 
 exploration. 
 
 LODE GOLD DEPOSITS 
 
 Jansons, Hoekzema, Kurtak, and Fechner (18) have 
 summarized information concerning 273 known lode gold 
 deposits in the CNF based upon Bureau and USGS RARE 
 II studies. Because of their similarities and the relative in- 
 significance of most of the deposits, only selected deposits 
 having significant gold production (greater than 1,000 oz) 
 and/or moderate to high mineral development potential are 
 discussed by area in this report. Five areas containing 
 recognized concentrations of lode gold deposits in the CNF 
 are discussed: the (1) Valdez, (2) Port Wells, (3) Moose Pass, 
 (4) Summit Lake-Palmer Creek and (5) Girdwood areas. The 
 locations of these areas within the CNF are shown on figure 
 6. 
 
 VALDEZ AREA 
 
 Approximately 60 lode gold deposits have been iden- 
 tified in the Valdez area. Four of these deposits, the Cliff 
 Mine, Ramsay-Rutherford Mine, Gold King Mine, and 
 Donohue prospect are discussed in detail. 
 
 Cliff Mine 
 
 The Cliff Mine is at sea level on the north shore of Port 
 Valdez east of Shoup Bay (fig. 7). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 The Cliff Mine was originally located and staked by H. 
 E. Ellis in 1906 (1). The property was leased to the Cliff Min- 
 ing Co. in 1909, which began development work immedi- 
 iately and installed a three-stamp mill in 1910 (5). A larger 
 
 six-stamp mill was constructed to replace the three-stamp 
 mill in 1911. Production occurred from 1910 to 1918. 
 Dewatering of the lower mine levels began in 1920, but 
 failed, and only assessment work was done between 1921 
 and 1932. A second dewatering effort was attempted in 
 1933, but it also failed (54). The mine was reopened in 1936. 
 Milling began in 1937 (56) and continued through 1942. The 
 mine closed in 1942 in response to Public Law 208 (which 
 closed down mining operations not necessary for the war 
 effort) and has never reopened. The buildings at the mine 
 site were destroyed by tsunami waves resulting from the 
 1964 Good Friday earthquake. The claims were patented 
 to H. E. Ellis in 1977. The Cliff Mine was the largest pro- 
 ducing gold mine in the Prince William Sound area, with 
 a recorded production of 51,740 oz Au and 8,153 oz Ag from 
 29,695 st of ore (table 4). 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 Workings reported in 1913 totaled 8,000 ft in length (22) 
 on 10 levels at elevations ranging from 443 ft above to 332 
 ft below sea level. However, considerable development work 
 has occurred since that time. Equipment used at the mine 
 included a three-stamp mill, a six-stamp mill, amalgama- 
 tion plates, six concentrating tables, and three boilers 
 capable of generating 200 hp. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 Country rock at the Cliff Mine is predominantly Valdez 
 Group gray wacke with interbedded slate. The general strike 
 of the country rock is east- west, and dip is steep to the north. 
 
12 
 
 
 M 
 O 
 
 a 
 a> 
 
 ■o 
 
 o 
 
 0) 
 
 ■o 
 o 
 
 c 
 a> 
 a 
 c 
 o 
 o 
 
 u. 
 
 Z 
 
 o 
 
 UJ 
 
 en 
 o 
 
13 
 
 6I°I5 — 
 
 r: 
 
 V |4T * 
 
 
 V 1 
 
 •-'4V—' 
 
 l~X4 :,r~:V. .-■*.. -jiUSK-- SJ O "~T~ 
 
 Donahue prospect ^ _ ¥ 
 
 i'^ri^- ° ° 
 
 - 
 
 Ramsay- Rutherford Min& 
 
 I 
 
 \oo o° % 
 
 
 ;©-^° 0«/KK»~0 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 «p Cliff Mine 
 
 , • i 
 
 ■ "• ■■ii ■ » >-" 
 
 Cnugoch Notional Forest botinaary 
 
 ■ 
 
 Base adapted from U.S.GS I 250,000 Valdaz quadrangle 
 
 V. o 
 
 i 
 
 Sf t r FW>- 
 
 Scale, miles 
 Contour interval, 200 ft 
 
 LEGEND 
 O Known mineral deposit 
 
 • Major deposit discussed in report 
 
 N 
 
 FIGURE 7. — Locations of important lode gold deposits in Valdez area. 
 
 Gold mineralization is present in a linked quartz vein 
 system, which-occurs in fissures. The fissures strike mostly 
 from N30° to 40 °W and dip from 65 °E to 50 °W. The veins 
 dip more steeply below the 300-ft level of the mine. Johnson 
 (22) reported that several persistent fissures in the mine 
 fork, enclose large lenticular masses of country rock, and 
 then reunite along strike without crossing one another. The 
 quartz veins are persistent and well-defined in graywacke 
 and dispersed in slate country rock. Fissures range from 
 6 in to 5 ft thick, and quartz veins within the fissures range 
 from a fraction of an inch to 5 ft thick. Moffit (33) stated 
 that horizontal displacement of the country rock (less than 
 6 ft) is present along the fissures. The quartz veins were 
 mined for approximately 1,700 ft along strike, from Port 
 Valdez to Shoup Bay (33). 
 
 The vein material consists of a bluish-white quartz with 
 minor amounts of calcite, albite, chlorite, and a brownish 
 weathering carbonate (22). Veins show rough banding or 
 contain vugs that are lined with small quartz crystals. The 
 banded ore reportedly contains the highest gold values. 
 
 Table 4.— Recorded gold-silver production from Cliff Mine 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Ore, st 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 oz 
 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag 
 
 1910 . . 
 
 
 4,440 
 
 3,325 
 
 4,676 
 
 7,515 
 
 2,198 
 
 404 
 
 441 
 
 365 
 
 100 
 
 None 
 
 '876 
 
 500 
 
 231 
 
 864 
 
 22,560 
 
 1,200 
 
 None 
 
 Cleanup 
 
 10,745 
 
 7,981 
 
 1 1 ,242 
 
 7,996 
 
 2,339 
 
 919 
 
 1,183 
 
 1,520 
 
 226 
 
 None 
 
 783 
 
 833 
 
 138 
 
 677 
 
 3,459 
 
 1,695 
 
 None 
 
 4 
 
 913 
 
 1911 .. . 
 
 
 718 
 
 1912 . . . 
 
 
 2,394 
 
 1913 . . . 
 
 
 1,601 
 
 1914 . . 
 
 
 468 
 
 1915 . . . 
 
 
 68 
 
 1916 
 
 
 81 
 
 1917 
 
 
 288 
 
 1918 . . 
 
 
 40 
 
 1919-36 
 
 
 None 
 
 1937 . . . 
 
 
 168 
 
 1 938 . . . 
 
 
 175 
 
 1 939 . . . 
 
 
 20 
 
 1 940 . . . 
 
 
 145 
 
 1941 
 
 
 713 
 
 1 942 . . 
 
 
 360 
 
 1943-48 
 
 
 None 
 
 1949 . . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 Total . 
 
 
 329,695 
 
 51,740 
 
 8,153 
 
 1 Also mined: 462 st tailings. 
 2 Also mined: 330 st tailings. 
 
 3 Plus 
 
 792 st total tailings. 
 
 
14 
 
 Metallic minerals include gold, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and 
 galena, with sulfides comprising up to 5 pet of the ore (22). 
 Pyrite and arsenopyrite are most abundant as impregna- 
 tions of the graywacke country rock. Acicular crystals of 
 arsenopyrite are present in the graywacke adjacent to the 
 veins. 
 
 Gold is not distributed evenly in the quartz veins, but 
 occurs in ore chutes (33). Moffit (33) reported that on the 
 550-ft level, gold was present in the quartz and scattered 
 along the slickensided surfaces of the vein walls. Brooks 
 (5) reported gold values in the gouge, which is present along 
 the footwall of the veins. Gold is associated with galena and 
 sphalerite, but not with pyrite. 
 
 Moffit (33) hypothesized on the emplacement of the 
 quartz veins as follows: 
 
 Vein quartz of more than one generation is 
 present in the bedrock and in the ore-bearing vein 
 system. The oldest was deposited in the foliation 
 and joint planes of the schistose graywacke and is 
 not a bearer of gold or other valuable metals. At 
 a much later time quartz that makes up the veins 
 was deposited. Some of the vein quartz of the ore 
 bodies is cut by younger veins and it thus appears 
 that the deposition of the vein quartz took place 
 at different times or that if it was continuous, new 
 sets of fissures were opened from time to time. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Bureau investigators visited the mine in 1979, 1980, and 
 1981; however, all the workings were flooded or too 
 dangerous to enter, and only a cursory examination was 
 performed. A grab sample (915) 4 contained 0.76 ppm Au and 
 0.81 ppm Ag (appendix). A pan concentrate sample (916) 
 collected from a spit largely composed of tailings from the 
 mill contained 40 ppm Au and 7.1 ppm Ag. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 No resource data are available. This property is con- 
 sidered by the Bureau to have high mineral development 
 potential because of its past production and reported 
 presence of continuous gold-bearing quartz veins. Mining 
 was halted because of Public Law 208, not because of a lack 
 of resources. Mining has not started again because of the 
 low price of gold following World War II and high startup 
 costs. The known auriferous veins occur below sea level; 
 dewatering would be required to expose them in the existing 
 mine workings. 
 
 Ramsay-Rutherford Mine 
 
 The Ramsay-Rutherford Mine is on the east side of 
 Valdez Glacier at an elevation of 3,500 ft (fig. 7). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 This property was first staked in 1911 by C. A. Ram- 
 say and H. J. Rutherford (24). Underground development 
 work was begun in 1912 by the Mineral Creek Mining Co. 
 (24). Development continued in 1913, with the first produc- 
 tion occurring in August 1914 following the installation of 
 
 ^Sample numbers, in parentheses, correspond to the sample numbers listed 
 in the appendix, which lists analytical data for each sample. The sample 
 numbers cited in this report were derived from field records and correspond 
 to those used in other Bureau reports on minerals in the CNF. 
 
 a five-stamp mill (24). Development continued through 1917 
 and was intermittent through 1925. The largest production 
 occurred in 1915, with 2,700 oz Au and 574 oz Ag produced 
 from 3,136 st of ore. The Alaska Finley Co. operated the 
 mine in 1934, but only minor production occurred (54). Jesse 
 Taylor and Edgar Petropov leased the mine in 1935 and 
 produced minor amounts of gold through 1939 (55-56). Total 
 recorded production was 5,375 oz Au and 1,194 oz Ag from 
 5,829 st of ore (table 5). 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 The underground workings consist of four levels: a 50-ft 
 level at an elevation of 3,750 ft with 220 ft of drifts and 
 caved stopes to the surface; a 100-ft level with 210 ft of drifts 
 and caved stopes up to the 50-ft level; a 150-ft level with 
 50 ft of caved drifts; and a 300-ft level (mill level) with 770 
 ft of crosscut, 540 ft of drifts, a 15-ft winze, and a caved raise 
 to the surface. Equipment included a 7- by 9-in Blake-type 
 crusher, a five-stamp mill driven by gasoline engines, a 
 small electric generator, and a 14- by 9.5- by 4-in straight- 
 line direct-connected fuel-oil-driven air compressor. 
 Buildings included a bunk house, mess hall, assay office, 
 and blacksmith shop, all of which were in poor condition 
 in 1982. Figure 8 is a surface map showing the mine's work- 
 ings, geology, and a Bureau sample location at the 3,750-ft 
 level. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 The country rock consists of Valdez Group graywacke 
 with minor interbedded slate. The general strike of the 
 rocks is from N40° to 70 °W, and dip is from 70° to 80°NE. 
 
 Gold mineralization occurs in two well-defined quartz 
 veins. The main vein is the southernmost vein on the prop- 
 erty; it varies in thickness from 1 in to 7 ft, with an average 
 thickness of 2 ft. Near the southeastern end of the main 
 vein, a short spur vein is visible. The spur vein has an 
 average thickness of 1 to 2 ft. Small linked veins are also 
 present. The southeastern portion of the main vein strikes 
 from N30° to 45 °W and dips 80° to 85°NE. The northern 
 portion strikes north-south and dips 70 °W. This vein has 
 been traced for 450 ft along strike. A second vein, which 
 averages 9 in thick, is exposed approximately 90 ft north 
 of the main vein in the mill-level crosscut adit. The vein 
 strikes from N45° to 66 °W and dips steeply northeast. 
 
 Mineralization consists of gold-bearing quartz, which 
 also contains silver, sulfide minerals, calcite, and siderite. 
 Sulfide minerals consist of pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, 
 sphalerite, galena, and arsenopyrite. Sulfides occur as 
 disseminated grains (less than 1 pet), and are also present 
 in massive bunches (23). Solid masses of quartz as well as 
 vuggy crystalline varieties are present. 
 
 Table 5.— Recorded gold-silver production 
 from Ramsay-Rutherford Mine 
 
 Year 
 
 Ore, st 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 oz 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag 
 
 1914 
 
 668 
 
 575 
 
 2,700 
 
 1,205 
 
 525 
 
 145 
 
 73 
 
 34 
 
 69 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 122 
 
 1915 . . 
 
 3,136 
 
 574 
 
 1916 
 
 1,400 
 
 256 
 
 1917 . . 
 
 550 
 
 181 
 
 1 922 
 
 39 
 
 None 
 
 1 925 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 1934 
 
 NA 
 
 13 
 
 1935 . . 
 
 NA 
 
 17 
 
 1937 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 1939 
 
 1 
 
 None 
 
 Total 
 
 5,829 
 
 5,375 
 
 1,194 
 
 NA Not available. 
 
15 
 
 Quartz pillar in trench 
 
 Note: Trenches and adits tilled 
 
 with snow to 30 ft below surface, 
 depth unknown 
 
 xi836 
 
 Hoist and crusher 
 
 Shaft, depth u 
 
 nknown 
 
 ^V^N 
 
 snJ 
 
 Sfc 
 
 BO 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 __ Iron-stained quartz 
 
 
 
 breccia-visible sulfides 
 ,00 
 
 
 
 I 
 \ Portal el 3.750 ft 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 -~+4ZZl Quartz vein 
 
 ZZZZZZ Sheared quartz vein 
 
 ■vrNrcv. Shear zone 
 
 eo 
 
 -*- Strike and dip of foliation 
 
 -*- Strike of vertical foliation 
 
 so 
 
 —— Strike and dip of joints 
 
 -*- Strike of vertical joints 
 
 =< Adit 
 
 GZG Surface tronch 
 
 X1836 Sample site 
 
 Kv 
 
 Kv 
 
 "Quartz breccia 
 
 \ 
 
 FIGURE 8.— Sample location map for 3,750-ft level of Ramsay-Rutherford Mine. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 The Bureau examined the property in 1980 and 1981. 
 All of the levels were caved. Data for six samples are listed 
 in the appendix. A grab sample (1048) from the ore bin in 
 the stamp mill contained 2.35 ppm Au and 2.1 ppm Ag. A 
 grab sample (1077) taken from a barrel in the assay room 
 contained 37.5 ppm Au and 9.5 ppm Ag. A grab sample 
 (1836) from the ore dump at the upper workings (fig. 8) con- 
 tained 0.07 oz/st Au and 0.1 oz/st Ag. A mill concentrate 
 sample (1928) contained 26.1 oz/st Au and 10.1 oz/st Ag. The 
 gold recovered from sample 1928 yielded a fineness deter- 
 mination of 778 Au and 222 Ag. USGS personnel examined 
 the property in 1979 and collected 24 samples in the area 
 which contained from 0.05 to 28 ppm Au (38). 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 The Bureau was unable to properly assess the resources 
 at this deposit because the workings were inaccessible. 
 However, several Bureau samples indicate that minable 
 grades may be present and that this deposit may have high 
 mineral development potential. 
 
 Gold King Mine 
 
 The Gold King Mine in on the east side of Columbia 
 Glacier, west of Mount Cameron at an elevation between 
 3,210 and 3,650 ft (fig. 7). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 The property was located and staked by Olaf Olsen, 
 Frank Gustofson, and Hans Anderson in 1911 (23), who 
 mined several hundred pounds of high-grade ore. The Gold 
 King Mining Co. took over the mine in 1912 and installed 
 a mill the following year (23). Total recorded production was 
 1,997 oz Au and 187 oz Ag from 1,560 st of ore during 1914 
 to 1916, 1918, and 1922. 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 Three adits were driven to develop the deposit. The 
 3,650-ft (No. 1 Tunnel) level is reported (22) to have 500 ft 
 of drifts and crosscuts with a 60-ft winze and 90 ft of drift 
 (fig. 9) at the bottom (fig. 8). The 3,320-ft (No. 2 Tunnel) level 
 has 720 ft of crosscut and 350 ft of drift (fig. 9). The 3,210-ft 
 (No. 3 Tunnel) level has a 600-ft crosscut and 55 ft of drift 
 (fig 9). Open cuts and stripping occur on the surface. Mill 
 equipment included a 6- by 8-in crusher; a 3.5-ft, 6-st mill; 
 a 10-st mill; amalgamation plates; and gasoline engines. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 Johnson (24) described the geologic setting in some 
 detail: 
 
16 
 
 LEGEND 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 .so 
 
 Fault, showing dip 
 
 .♦f 5 , , , Quartz vein, showing dip 
 
 . T S Strike and dip of foliation 
 
 — ^ 5 Strike and dip of joints 
 
 - Adit 
 
 X 1903 Sample site 
 
 50 
 
 I 
 
 100 
 
 I 
 
 1901-2 
 
 2-in-wide quartz 
 veinlet 
 
 Kv 
 
 Kv 
 
 eo' 
 1903' 
 
 A 
 
 5 \ 
 
 70 
 
 4-in-wide quartz veinlet 
 
 Caved 
 
 Kv 
 
 Portal el 3,210 ft 
 
 FIGURE 9.— Sample location map for 3,210-ft level of Gold King Mine. 
 
17 
 
 The country rock is dominantly massive Valdez 
 
 Group graywacke, containing a few zones, 50 to 
 
 \ 100 feet in width, of thin banded argillites. The 
 
 bedding strikes N65° to 72 °E and dips 62 °N to 
 
 90°. 
 
 Two ore-bearing veins have been developed on 
 the Gold King claims— the upper or saddle vein 
 (No. 1 Tunnel), on which most of the work has been 
 done, and the lower vein (No. 3 Tunnel). Con- 
 siderable development work has been done on the 
 fissure cut by the long crosscut tunnel but this vein 
 is said to have but slight value (No. 2 Tunnel). 
 
 The saddle vein strikes N53° to 60 °W and dips 
 50° to 60 °S. The outcrop is about 75 feet in length. 
 On the tunnel level the vein was traced 150 feet, 
 and 90 feet of drifting is reported on the vein at 
 the bottom of the shaft. The westward extension 
 of the vein is cut off by a fault which strikes N65 ° 
 to 75 °E and dips 70 °S to nearly vertical. The fill- 
 ing of the fault fissure ranges from a mere seam 
 to 18 inches in width and contains a little quartz, 
 a maximum width of 6 inches of quartz being 
 observed. On the west side of this fault, about 120 
 feet southwest of the main saddle vein, a small vein 
 1 inch to 6 inches wide, striking nearly parallel 
 to the fault, has been found. The maximum width 
 of the saddle vein fissure is 24 inches. The width 
 of the contained quartz ranges from 1 inch to 18 
 inches but the usual width is from 1 inch to 6 in- 
 ches. At one point the quartz occurs as narrow 
 stringers in a belt of shattered mineralized 
 graywacke 5 feet wide. The vein in many places 
 shows secondary banding parallel to the walls. The 
 vein has a good footwall but a less well-defined 
 hanging wall. The quartz usually breaks free from 
 the footwall but shows no gouge. On the hanging 
 wall about an inch of gouge is present. 
 
 The fissure cut in the long lower adit (Tunnel No. 
 2) is well defined, strikes nearly east, and dips 65 ° 
 to 70 °N. The fissure filling crushed country rock 
 ranges in width from 4- to 36-inches and contains 
 only a few quartz stringers. Most of the fissure fill- 
 ing is iron-stained. 
 
 The vein east of the camp buildings is tapped by 
 a crosscut adit (Tunnel No. 3) 60 ft long and is 
 followed by drifts in both directions for a total 
 distance of about 50 ft. A shallow winze was sunk 
 on the vein at the point where it was first struck 
 by the crosscut tunnel. This vein strikes N55° to 
 75 °W and dips 65° to 70 °N. The fissure is well- 
 defined, has a width of 1 1/2 to 4 feet, and the con- 
 tained quartz varies from 6 to 36 inches in width. 
 In one place in the workings a width of 5 ft of 
 quartz has been reported. The veins show con- 
 siderable secondary banding parallel to the walls 
 of the fissure, the hanging wall of which breaks 
 free. The footwall carries from 4 to 8 inches of 
 gouge, and in places the gouge is visible on both 
 walls. 
 
 The ore from this property is a free milling gold 
 ore. Quartz is the dominant gangue mineral, 
 although calcite and a cream-colored, brown- 
 weathering carbonate are also present. The ore 
 contains about 3 percent of sulfides which include 
 pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and stib- 
 nite. The gold occurs native. Pyrite cubes im- 
 pregnate the graywacke adjacent to the veins. 
 
 Limonite and the red and yellow alteration prod- 
 ucts of antimony-bearing minerals stain the 
 weathered outcrops of the vein. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Bureau personnel examined the property in 1981 and 
 1982 and collected samples from all three adits. Data for 
 eight samples are listed in the appendix. 
 
 The No. 1 Tunnel was blocked by ice approximately 60 
 ft from the portal. A grab sample (7932) taken from a 3-in- 
 thick quartz vein exposed on the surface contained 45.62 
 oz/st Au and 1.0 oz/st Ag. 
 
 The No. 2 tunnel, the drift along the quartz vein (shear 
 zone), is caved approximately 200 ft from the main crosscut. 
 The shear zone is 1 ft thick and contains small (less than 
 6-in-thick) quartz stringers. A 1-ft-long chip sample (1731) 
 taken across the shear zone contained 0.09 ppm Au and 0.3 
 ppm Ag. Two chip samples (1901 and 1903) from other shear 
 zones in the main crosscut contained 0.32 and 3.4 ppm Au 
 and 0.2 and 1.3 ppm Ag, respectively. 
 
 The No. 3 Tunnel is caved 55 ft from the portal. No 
 quartz veins are present in the adit or on the surface. A 
 grab sample (1729) taken of quartz from the dump contained 
 180 ppm Au and 60 ppm silver. A chip sample (1730) across 
 the fissure exposed on the surface contained 0.31 ppm Au 
 and 0.3 ppm Ag. 
 
 Six samples collected by USGS personnel in 1979 con- 
 tained gold values that ranged from not detectable to 9.0 
 ppm Au (38). 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 Lack of access prevented the calculation of resource 
 data. High gold values are suggested by production data 
 and Bureau sampling. The mineral development potential 
 is unknown since no data are available concerning vein 
 continuity. 
 
 Donohue Prospect 
 
 The Donohue prospect is on the west side of Valdez 
 Glacier, approximately 8 miles from Valdez Arm, at an 
 elevation of 2,700 ft (fig. 7). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 This deposit was located by the Valdez Mining Co. in 
 1910 (1). Development work was done from 1911 to 1920, 
 and some ore was reportedly milled in 1920 (20, 22-23, 57). 
 However, only assessment work has been performed since 
 that time. No recorded production records exist for this prop- 
 erty, but it is likely that minor production occurred. 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 Workings consist of a 470-ft adit at an elevation of 2,610 
 ft (fig. 10) and a shorter adit with a 50-ft winze at an eleva- 
 tion of 2,860 ft. Equipment remaining at the lower adit in- 
 cludes a gasoline engine, a ventilating fan and pipe, rails, 
 and an ore cart. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 Country rocks consist of Valdez Group schistose 
 graywackes interbedded with argillites. The bedding and 
 schistosity strike N83° to 89 °W and dip 75° to 85 °N. The 
 
18 
 
 Follows a quartz vein 
 
 Quartz ranges from 1/16 to 1/2 in wide 
 in ribbon forms, alternates with 
 1/16- to 2-in-wide zones of slate 
 
 1786 
 
 Quartz stringers up to 1/4 in wide 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 f 6 . . Quartz vein, showing dip (dashed where 
 
 •-■»*• approximate) 
 
 -ojvo- Shear zone 
 
 =c Adit 
 
 , Backfilled adit (broken line where extent 
 
 ' t 1 is uncertain) 
 
 X1786 Sample site 
 
 30 
 
 i_ 
 
 60 
 
 Scale, ft 
 
 Portal el 2,610 ft 
 
 FIGURE 10.— Sample location map for 2,61 0-ft level of Donohue prospect. 
 
19 
 
 mineralized quartz vein strikes N40°W to N80°W and dips 
 65° to 80°SW. The vein varies in thickness from 3 to 10.5 
 ft and consists of ribbon and massive white quartz. The rib- 
 bon quartz ranges from 24 to 50 in thick and generally con- 
 tains higher gold values than those found in the massive 
 quartz. Sulfides, such as galena and pyrite, occur 
 predominantly in the ribbon quartz. Well-developed quartz 
 crystals were also noted in the upper workings and in the 
 tailings dump. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Bureau investigators examined and sampled the prop- 
 erty in 1981. Data for seven Bureau samples and four USGS 
 samples are listed in the appendix. The upper adit was not 
 mapped, but two chip samples and one grab sample of the 
 ore dump were taken. The grab sample (1785) from the ore 
 dump contained 1.02 ppm Au and 1.1 ppm Ag. A 1.2-ft-long 
 chip sample (1844) contained less than 0.003 oz/st Au and 
 less than 0.01 oz/st Ag. A 2-ft-long chip sample (1845) con- 
 tained 0.413 oz/st Au and 0.1 oz/st Ag. A 10-ft-wide chip sam- 
 ple (500C) collected across the quartz vein by the USGS con- 
 tained 13 ppm Au and 3 ppm Ag. 
 
 The lower adit was mapped (fig. 10) and three chip 
 samples (1786, 1787, and 1788) were taken. No appreciable 
 metal values were present. 
 
 Grab samples (1846 and 500B) were collected from a 
 large high-grade quartz boulder. They contained 100.2 oz/st 
 Au and 16.9 oz/st Ag and 2,500 ppm Au and 300 ppm Ag, 
 respectively. During a return visit to the property in 1982, 
 the owner found similar high-grade gold-bearing quartz ex- 
 posed on the surface along the footwall of the quartz vein 
 above the upper adit. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 An identified resource of 2,500 st containing 0.42 oz/st 
 Au and 0.1 oz/st Ag is present in the upper adit (18). Higher 
 grades occur locally at the surface. This property has high 
 mineral development potential, based upon samples col- 
 lected and the potential for minable tonnage existing along 
 strike. Further work including sampling, trenching, and 
 possibly drilling is warranted to define the size and grade 
 of the quartz vein. 
 
 PORT WELLS AREA 
 
 Approximately 65 lode gold occurrences have been iden- 
 tified in the Port Wells area. Four of these, the Granite, 
 Mineral King, Culross, and Portage Mines, are discussed 
 here because of their significant past production and/or 
 moderate to high potential for future development. Other 
 deposits are summarized in a previous report (18). 
 
 Granite Mine 
 
 The Granite Mine is on the west side of Port Wells at 
 an elevation of 700 ft, a short distance inland from the spit 
 between Harrison Lagoon and Hobo Bay (fig. 11). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 The Granite Mine was first located by M. L. Tatum and 
 Jonathan Erving in 1912 (21), who developed the mine from 
 a shaft and shipped 5 st of ore. The Granite Gold Mining 
 
 Co. was incorporated in 1913, and considerable development 
 work was performed in 1913 and 1914 (45). On-site milling 
 began in 1914 with 7-ft Lane mill (21). The main produc- 
 tion period occurred from 1916 to 1922, following the in- 
 stallation of a 10-stamp mill in 1915 (57). The El Primero 
 Mining and Milling Co. was incorporated in 1923 (45), but 
 produced only minor amounts of gold. The mine has had 
 several owners since 1930, with minor production recorded 
 from 1934 to 1937, 1940 to 1944, and 1963 to 1964. The cur- 
 rent owners (1985) were planning to drill on the property 
 to determine whether reserves exist in sufficient quantity 
 to justify reopening the mine. Total recorded production is 
 24,440 oz Au and 2,492 oz Ag from 31,919 st of ore (table 6). 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 The Granite Mine and mill complex includes a mill, 
 several buildings above the mill, storage buildings on the 
 beach, and several mine levels. A road exists from the beach 
 to the camp. The buildings were largely collapsed by the 
 time investigators visited the site in 1979. However, the 
 stamp mill remains relatively stable. 
 
 Smith (57) summarized the workings and equipment of 
 the Granite Mine at the beginning of its peak production 
 period (1916-22) as follows: 
 
 The property was originally opened with a 
 crosscut to an inclined shaft on the ore, since which 
 time a second crosscut has been run on the mill 
 level and a raise driven to tap the bottom of the 
 shaft. The level was opened on the main vein at 
 50, 110, 140, 210, and 350 feet, the mill crosscut 
 being 125 feet below the latter. 
 
 The mill is in two parts, ten stamps on one side 
 and a 7-foot Lane mill on the other. The ore on the 
 stamp side passes through a jaw crusher to the bins 
 where it is fed automatically to two Hendy 5-stamp 
 batteries, the stamps weighing 1,350 lb each, fall- 
 ing 105 times per minute with a 6-1/4-inch drop. 
 The ore is crushed to 40-mesh, passed over 
 amalgamating plates, and concentrated on Wilfley 
 and Deister tables. In the second unit the Lane is 
 followed by 14-inch Allis-Chalmers rolls, the pulp 
 going over plates to a Wilfley table. The concen- 
 trate from both units is shipped and the tailings 
 stored. 
 
 The main power plant, situated on the beach, 
 contained two 80-horsepower oil-burning boilers 
 which furnish steam for an American Ball 
 180-horsepower engine. The latter drives a 
 160-kilowatt Westinghouse dynamo. The com- 
 pressor at the mine has a capacity of 620 cubic feet 
 of free air per minute and is driven by a 
 100-horsepower motor. Underground, Sullivan and 
 Ingersoll-Rand machines are used. 
 
 Machinery and equipment installed under the manage- 
 ment of the El Primero Mining and Milling Co., was de- 
 scribed by J. C. Roehm in 1936 (45) as follows: 
 
 A new Westinghouse equipped hydroelectric 
 power plant that cost $51,000 was installed three 
 years ago, a mile north of the property. This in- 
 cludes 4,250 feet of pipe line, 20 inches reduced to 
 17 inches with a 340 foot head and a 140 pound 
 pressure, a 7-foot Pelton wheel for double capac- 
 ity, a 150 KVA generator and exciter complete 
 
20 
 
 ~vChit««tft Nottaoot F*r«»i boundary 
 
 ■^ - -5'i'lO ^W&%*£ js3& j >iZ0r \wg£fci^Sfe*lK ?\l-, .**•»* Granit*. Mirw 
 
 ;>:. 
 
 1 — n^r - 
 
 . J l f lil — - 
 
 '^^^^mso^ p*-?^i5 ^*^ 
 
 .msaii^SIS? 
 
 £l ; t ' /O/ <y 
 
 ■ism- s ^^ 
 
 ]^fc$mW a TV? iy .6 
 
 /•v 
 
 is&l: 
 
 
 
 ii**;/5=i^« 
 
 
 
 3»f 
 
 ^^^1^4%$^^ 
 
 
 - "##81 
 
 F 
 
 ^-w^sT r^EMM ■ r± s * ! *z^£* i \ "?^v\v u 
 
 **s?*^ 
 
 
 
 
 Veils 
 
 
 Pa« 
 
 - i-CDinfe, 
 
 a "■■/fe^'^ / s& ■; .X-,. -t £^>g-^ .Tvv /.;....^ 
 
 ■tec 
 
 
 I.3.G.S. I* 230.000 Ancrtorafs a 3*< 
 
 LEGEND 
 Known mineral deposit 
 Major deposit discussed in report 
 
 FIGURE 1 1 .—Locations of important lode gold deposits in Port Wells area. 
 
 with glass encased automatic and safety 
 switches ... A Laidlow-Dunn 18 x 12 x 12 double 
 cylinder compressor run by a 100 H.P. 
 Westinghouse motor delivers 1,000 cu. feet per 
 minute for the mine. The mill machinery consists 
 of a Blake crusher with 8" x 10" jaws, run by a 
 25 H.P. motor, ten Joshua Hendy 1,050 pound 
 stamps run by a 35 H.P. motor, and two Wilfley 
 tables run by a 5 H.P. motor. The ore is crushed, 
 and fed to stamps with inside amalgamation, 
 through 40-mesh screen over three lengths of 
 plates and over Wilfley tables. The recovery from 
 battery and tables was reported 80 percent average 
 and concentrates ran $75 to $100 a ton. These con- 
 
 centrates are shipped to smelter at a freight rate 
 cost of $6 to $6.50 per ton in 100 ton lots. An In- 
 gersoll Rand steel sharpener No. 50 is used with 
 oil burner furnace. Ingersoll Rand leyners No. 75 
 are used in the mine. Auxiliary power complete for 
 both mill and mine is installed consisting of the 
 original power for operation before hydroelectric 
 power. This consists of a Chicago Pneumatic single 
 No. N-502 semi-diesel compressor that delivers 450 
 cubic feet per minute, a 30 H.P. Fairbanks Morse 
 horizontal diesel for operating mill, a 6 H.P. V-type 
 gas engine for crusher, and a 3 H.P. V-type gas 
 engine for lights. 
 
•* 
 
 21 
 
 Table 6.— Recorded gold-silver production from Granite Mine 
 
 Year 
 
 Ore, st 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 oz 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag 
 
 1914 
 
 3,600 
 
 3,525 
 
 7,052 
 
 4,838 
 
 2,266 
 
 444 
 
 1,224 
 
 1,209 
 
 124 
 
 283 
 
 1,210 
 
 1,233 
 
 275 
 
 62 
 
 28 
 
 262 
 
 79 
 
 23 
 
 17 
 
 282 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 NA 
 
 1915 
 
 13,050 
 
 NA 
 
 1916 
 
 10,000 
 
 NA 
 
 1917 
 
 4,250 
 
 185 
 
 1918 
 
 NA 
 
 290 
 
 1921 
 
 NA 
 
 376 
 
 1922 
 
 NA 
 
 372 
 
 1924 
 
 20 
 
 116 
 
 1930 
 
 7 
 
 88 
 
 1934 
 
 NA 
 
 370 
 
 1935 
 
 NA 
 
 410 
 
 1936 
 
 e 150 
 
 85 
 
 1937 
 
 e 50 
 
 18 
 
 1 940 
 
 e 56 
 
 31 
 
 1941 
 
 88 
 
 82 
 
 1942 
 
 100 
 
 20 
 
 1943 
 
 NA 
 
 7 
 
 1944 
 
 40 
 
 4 
 
 1946 
 
 e 500 
 
 36 
 
 1963 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 1964 
 
 NA 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 31,919 
 
 24,440 
 
 2,492 
 
 "Estimate. NA Not available. 
 
 
 
 Currently, the mine workings are accessible from the 
 350-ft level. Stuwe (63) mapped and sampled the accessi- 
 ble workings (fig. 12) as part of an unpublished thesis. The 
 accessible workings total approximately 3,350 ft on three 
 levels. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 A description of the geologic setting was made in 1914 
 by Johnson (23): 
 
 The country rock of the ore body consists of in- 
 terbedded slates, graywackes, and argillites cut by 
 large masses of medium-grained biotite granite, 
 hydrothermally altered near the veins to a light- 
 
 gray to greenish-gray rock. The granite contacts 
 are said to be irregular. 
 
 The developments suggest the presence of more 
 than one lead on the property, but are not suffi- 
 ciently advanced to prove it. The vein showing in 
 the shaft occupies a fissure striking S75°W and 
 dipping 60 °N. In the underground workings con- 
 siderable variation in the strike and dip of the vein 
 is noticeable in the several drifts. In 1913 obser- 
 vations seemed to show that the vein had a general 
 strike between N50°W and N70°W and a dip of 
 43°-55°N, and it is reported to be offset in many 
 places by small faults. The fissure ranges from 3 
 inches to 14 feet in width and averages perhaps 
 from 3 to 3 x /2 feet. The fissure filling varies with 
 the character of the country rock. In the sedimen- 
 tary rocks it consists of shattered slate, graywacke, 
 and argillite, with quartz veins or a quartz network 
 cementing the shattered rocks and inclosing 
 angular fragments in a network of porous white 
 crystalline quartz. In the granite the vein is 
 stronger and better defined, although its widest 
 part includes numerous shattered masses of 
 altered granite cemented by gold-bearing quartz 
 veinlets. 
 
 Roehm (45) described a new vein found in 1936 as 
 follows: 
 
 The new vein found this year is a small vein, 4 
 to 12-inches in width, averages about 7 inches [and] 
 has a developed length of 150 feet. It lies wholly 
 within slates between a hundred and a hundred 
 fifty feet from contact. It has a strike of N49°W 
 and dips 65 °N. This vein is highly banded with free 
 walls showing a milky white quartz with 
 numerous graphitic bands. Considerable free gold 
 is showing. This vein was being mined at the time 
 of [Roehm's] visit. The ore was sacked and 
 trammed to mill. 
 
 Porlal ll 350 II 
 Level el 
 
 Level el 28S It 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Sloped area 
 
 Adit (broken line where 
 extent Is uncertain) 
 
 FIGURE 12. — Normal axonometric projection of accessible levels in Granite Mine. 
 
22 
 
 Roehm (45) also discussed the mineralization present 
 at the property: 
 
 The mineralization consists of pyrite, galena, 
 sphalerite, arsenopyrite, stibnite, chalcopyrite, and 
 free gold. The gold appears to be associated with 
 galena and sphalerite mainly, with smaller 
 amounts of pyrite, arsenopyrite, and stibnite. 
 
 The gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, 
 graphite, chlorite, pieces of slate in the slate, and 
 pieces of granite within the granite. The veins in 
 the granite show refilling with large angular pieces 
 of wall rock. The movement shows a nearly ver- 
 tical upthrust with a strong action that appears 
 to be later than the granite. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Bureau personnel visited the Granite Mine on several 
 occasions during the RARE II study. Subsurface sample 
 locations are shown on figure 13. Samples were also col- 
 lected from the dump and tailings area. Results from 23 
 samples are tabulated in the appendix. Samples contained 
 from 0.02 to 71 ppm Au and less than 0.2 to 26 ppm Ag. 
 Generally, the veins appear to have been more extensively 
 stoped where hosted by metasediments as opposed to 
 granite. However, high gold values were identified in 
 samples taken from a granite-hosted portion of the vein 
 located at the face of the 350-ft level (5740A). 
 
 A 200-lb sample (7232) of the tailings was collected in 
 1982. Splits analyzed by the Bureau and a commercial 
 laboratory assayed about 0.18 oz/st Au and 0.02 oz/st Ag. 
 The Bureau attempted to recover gold by amalgamation, 
 but only 29 pet of the gold was recovered. The commercial 
 laboratory performed bottle roll and simulated heap leach 
 tests of the tailings. The bottle-roll test indicated that about 
 85-pct Au recovery could be obtained by cyanidation. The 
 simulated heap leach test recovered 80 pet of the gold after 
 7 days. Apparently, amalgamation alone would not be suf- 
 ficient to recover gold from the tailings. Much of the gold 
 is stained due to oxidation of sulfides in the tailings. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 An identified resource of 1,900 st with a weighted- 
 average grade of 0.78 oz/st Au and 0.1 oz/st Ag was 
 calculated using a strike length of 150 ft, a thickness of 2 
 ft, a depth of 75 ft, and a tonnage factor of 12. Up to 30,000 
 st of mill tailings containing 0.18 oz/st of leachable gold was 
 also identified. However, the ore material exposed in the 
 current workings appears to be nearly exhausted. Based 
 upon past mining history and low but persistent gold values 
 present in samples collected by the Bureau, additional work 
 is warranted, including drilling and surface trenching to 
 identify possible vein extensions, and detailed mapping and 
 sampling. 
 
 This deposit has moderate mineral development poten- 
 tial as a lode mine. The tailings have high mineral develop- 
 ment potential. 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 5740 A-B 
 
 Sloped above 
 
 Stoped 
 Stoped belo 
 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 Tg Tertiary granitic intrusive 
 
 /\/ Contact, dashed where approximate 
 Foot of raise 
 
 Head of raise 
 
 ===■=: Adit (broken line where extent is uncertain) 
 
 X 700 1 Sample site 
 
 250 
 
 I 
 
 I el 1,350 It 
 
 FIGURE 13.— Sample location map for 350-ft level of Granite Mine. 
 
23 
 
 pv 
 
 Mineral King Mine 
 
 The Mineral King Mine is at the northeast end of Bet- 
 ties Bay, 0.75 mile from tidewater (fig. 11). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 This property was discovered by George H. Hermann 
 in 1912 (23). G. A. Brook took over the property in 1917. 
 By 1920, the property was being operated by the Alaska 
 Pittsburgh Gold Mining Co., and over 400 ft of drifting had 
 been completed, a 117-ft shaft had been developed, and a 
 10-stamp mill had been installed. A new mill was erected 
 in 1927 by R. J. Merrill (53), who operated the mine inter- 
 mittently until 1939. The property was relocated by M. C. 
 and C. A. Sage in 1973 (68). Total recorded production, 
 primarily from 1928 to 1933, was 2,783 oz Au and 626 oz 
 Ag from 3,685 st of ore (table 7). 
 
 Table 7.— Recorded gold-silver production 
 from Mineral King Mine 
 
 
 Year 
 
 
 
 Ore, st 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 oz 
 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag 
 
 1913 . . . 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 3,500 
 NA 
 NA 
 NA 
 e 50 
 50 
 50 
 
 52 
 '2,116 
 
 335 
 17 
 98 
 73 
 31 
 42 
 
 NA 
 
 1927-32 
 
 
 
 
 e 450 
 
 1 933 . . . 
 
 
 
 
 90 
 
 1 934 . . . 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 1935 . . . 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 1 936 . . . 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 1937. . . 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 1938 . . . 
 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total . 
 
 3,685 
 
 2,783 
 
 626 
 
 "Estimate. NA Not available. 
 1 Production reported by Richelson (40). 
 
 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 The workings consist of a 750-ft-long tunnel used to haul 
 ore from the mine workings to a 2,000-ft-long tram, a 780-ft 
 drift at an elevation of 450 ft, a 60-ft drift at an elevation 
 of 550 ft, and an incline connecting the workings that is 
 collared at the surface at 650 ft above sea level. The mill 
 is at an elevation of approximately 50 ft. A tailings pond 
 was constructed just below the mill. Pilgrim (61) described 
 the mill operation in 1931 as follows: 
 
 The plant consists of a jaw crusher, two 1,350-lb 
 stamps, a Wilfley concentrating table, and an 
 Ingersoll-Rand 9 by 8 air compressor driven by 
 pelton wheels. The water is taken from Eaton 
 Creek and is driven under a head of over 200 feet. 
 Ore is brought from the portal of the tunnel to the 
 mill by a jig-back tram about 2,000 feet in length. 
 A small 7 by 6-inch compressor driven by a gas 
 engine is situated at the tunnel for use when water 
 is not available for the pelton driven compressor. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 The geology and mineralization at the mine were ac- 
 curately described by Johnson (21) as follows: 
 
 The country rock is fine-grained dark-gray 
 graywacke and argillite. A large dike is reported 
 to cut these metamorphic rocks about 100 feet from 
 
 the vein. The ore deposit occupies a fissure and is 
 traceable about 200 feet. The fissure strikes 
 N26°W and dips 45° at the surface and 50 °E in 
 the lower part of the shaft. The width of the fissure 
 filling is from 2 to 6 feet and averages about 3 feet. 
 The proportion of quartz to shattered graywacke 
 in the filling varies. The fissure is exposed in the 
 stream 75 feet west of the shaft, where its filling 
 is about 6 feet wide and consists mostly of quartz 
 but includes some graywacke. Twenty-five feet 
 below the collar of the shaft 13 inches of quartz 
 occurred in a 39-inch fissure. At 60 ft the fissure 
 was 23 inches wide, 19 inches of which was quartz. 
 The quartz veins parallel the walls and there are 
 very few cross fractures. Large lenses of quartz, 15 
 to 25 feet long, overlap, pinch out, or play out into 
 stringers which in places unite with similar 
 stringers from other lenses to form veins, or the 
 stringers themselves widen until they are several 
 inches across. The hanging wall of the fissure 
 shows no gouge and most of the quartz veins break 
 free from the graywacke with no gouge. The ore 
 contains quartz, calcite, sphalerite, pyrite, galena, 
 chalcopyrite, gold, pyrrhotite, and arsenopyrite. 
 
 Pilgrim in Stewart (61 ) also described the vein as it ap- 
 peared in the workings in 1931: 
 
 A considerable portion of the vein has been 
 stoped out above the 100 foot level. The vein is a 
 fissure striking N23°W and dipping 52°SE. The 
 quartz above the 100 foot level varies in width from 
 2 to 6 feet and has an average of about 3 feet. The 
 walls are dark graywacke. Below the 100 foot level, 
 the vein is somewhat scattered into lenses and 
 stringers following along the cleavage of the wall 
 rock. On the tunnel level some slate is interbed- 
 ded with the graywacke. The slate there strikes 
 N56°E. Granite shows along the last 140 feet of 
 the tunnel. Where followed by the tunnel the vein 
 is from 1 inch to 12 inches in width and varies con- 
 siderably in direction where the granite is en- 
 countered. There are a number of parallel stringers 
 and lenses of quartz, especially on the hanging-wall 
 side of the tunnel. A crosscut extending east from 
 the tunnel at a point 75 feet from the face passes 
 through the granite and into graywacke at 15 feet 
 in from the tunnel. 
 
 The ore is a white crystalline quartz containing 
 considerable brecciated country rock. Contained 
 sulfides are pyrite, sphalerite, and galena in ap- 
 preciable amounts, and minor amounts of chal- 
 copyrite, pyrrhotite, and arsenopyrite. Some calcite 
 was observed filling narrow fractures in the 
 graywacke breccia in the vein. Much of the gold 
 is contained in the sulfides, which are concentrated 
 in the mill and shipped to smelters in the States. 
 Samples taken from the concentrating table by Mr. 
 Merrill assayed as follows: 
 
 Gold, Silver, Iron, Sulfur, 
 
 oz oz Value pet pet 
 
 Concen- 
 trate A . . 
 
 Concen- 
 trate B . . 
 
 Tailings . . 
 
 6.58 49.30 $151.32 35.12 33.78 
 
 7.18 50.80 163.92 31.97 30.73 
 0.08 0.20 1.68 2.63 2.06 
 
24 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 The Bureau collected 12 samples (5417-5419, 5443-5450, 
 and 6313) and updated the mine map of the main level (fig. 
 14), which was originally prepared by Shepard (51). The 
 locations for 8 samples collected from the 450-ft level are 
 shown on figure 14. Data for all 12 samples are listed in 
 the appendix. Samples contained from to 5.3 ppm Au and 
 from to 4.3 ppm Ag. The 550-ft level was not examined 
 due to unsafe conditions. Two placer samples collected from 
 the stream draining the mine area contained 0.001 and 
 0.018 oz/yd 3 Au (appendix). 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 An identified resource of 500 st with a weighted-average 
 grade of 0.012 oz/st Au and 0.002 oz/st Ag occurs in the 
 450-ft level drift. This estimate is based upon a strike length 
 of 120 ft, a thickness of 0.5 ft, a depth of 100 ft, and a ton- 
 nage factor of 12. Up to 5,000 st of untested tailings is 
 estimated to occur in the tailings impoundment below the 
 mill. 
 
 Samples collected in the 450-ft level were low in grade 
 and suggest that the vein has little potential for develop- 
 ment where it is hosted by granite. Previous production is 
 reported to have come from the 550-ft level, where the vein 
 is hosted by Valdez Group rocks (61). Reports also suggest 
 that most of the high-grade quartz was mined out between 
 1928 and 1939 (43, 61). Values could increase at depth; ad- 
 
 ditional evaluation, if attempted, should include both ex- 
 amination and sampling of the 550-ft level and drilling to 
 intercept the vein below the 450-ft level. The mill tailings 
 should be sampled and tested to determine their grade and 
 amenability to heap leaching. 
 
 This deposit has moderate mineral development poten- 
 tial for a small lode mine and may have moderate mineral 
 development potential for heap leaching of the tailings. 
 
 Culross Mine 
 
 The Culross Mine is 1,500 ft southeast of the head of 
 Culross Bay on Culross Island at an elevation of 190 to 370 
 ft. The mill is located at sea level near the head of Culross 
 Bay (fig. 11). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 This deposit was first discovered in 1907 (1). By 1914, 
 development work included a 28-ft shaft, a 175-ft drift, and 
 a 140-ft crosscut; and 5 st of ore had been shipped (57). A 
 10-ft arrastre mill and two gravity tables were set up on 
 the property in 1917 (57) by the Thomas Culross Mining 
 Co., which declared bankruptcy in 1918 after completing 
 73 ft of drifting. In 1919, the mine was taken over by the 
 Culross Island Mining and Milling Co., which continued 
 development through 1925 with 220 ft of tunneling, 240 ft 
 of raising, and installation of a 650-ft 3 /s air compresor (32, 
 60). Only minor development work and sampling have oc- 
 
 Surfsc* el 660 ft y\ 
 
 
 \V Kv \ 
 
 
 
 V To 
 
 Kv 
 
 
 
 V— n«l 660 It 
 
 30 60 
 
 V n 
 
 Sole. It 
 
 
 '''■V 
 
 
 / el 460 II I— J» 
 
 -5443-4 
 
 'V 
 
 Portal el 460 II 
 
 Surlece el 660 II 
 
 
 
 € N KV 5448 \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^S> Ttl 5447 // 
 
 \r 55 
 
 60 120 
 
 i i 1 
 
 KV V^s \/V-~> 
 
 Scale. It 
 
 /Tgy/'" Tg 
 
 
 
 >VF5445, 5450 
 /<Jr^5449 
 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 r / / 
 
 Kv 
 
 Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 
 Tg 
 
 Tertiary granite 
 
 
 •**- 
 
 Quartz vein, showing dip 
 
 
 
 
 Contact, dashed where approximate 
 
 Kv 
 
 
 
 
 ^i^ 
 
 Fault, showing dip and relative movement 
 
 4 
 
 ■+" 
 
 Strike ot vertical tault 
 
 
 — ' 
 
 Strike and dip ol foliation 
 
 
 B^Z 
 
 Inclined shaft 
 
 
 - 
 
 Adit 
 
 
 X5448 
 
 Sample site 
 
 FIGURE 14.— Sample location map for Mineral King Mine. 
 
25 
 
 curred since 1925. Recorded production totaled 62 oz Au and 
 53 oz Ag from 52 st of ore. The size of the existing stopes 
 indicates that approximately 800 st of rock was removed 
 from them. 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 Underground workings consist of an adit at the 190-ft 
 level containing 185 ft of crosscut, 480 ft of drift, and several 
 small stopes (fig. 15). A 180-ft raise extends from this level 
 to the surface. A series of small stopes has been driven above 
 this level. About 110 ft to the south, a second adit has been 
 driven 50 ft, but it does not intersect the main shear zone. 
 
 A mill building enclosing a 10-ft arrastre mill, two grav- 
 ity tables, a pelton wheel, and an air compressor once ex- 
 isted on the beach below the mine. A cable tramway con- 
 nected it to the mine workings. However, the building has 
 collapsed and the gravity tables have been removed. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 The mine workings occur within Orca Group volcanics 
 lying just east of a probable fault contact with Valdez Group 
 slate and graywacke. Wall rocks consist of quartz-chlorite 
 schist, with occasional pillow outlines. Mineralization oc- 
 curs in quartz veins confined to a 4- to 8-ft-thick nearly ver- 
 tical fault zone which trends N10° to 15 °E and cuts the 
 volcanics. This zone has been explored underground along 
 strike for at least 410 ft and contains a 1- to 4-in-thick gouge 
 zone that extends its entire length. Quartz-calcite stringers 
 and veins varying from less than 1 in to 3 ft thick occur 
 throughout the shear zone and locally account for up to 20 
 pet of the total rock. The veins have irregular margins, 
 pinch and swell in a boudin-like manner, and contain quartz 
 rod and small fold structures roughly parallel to foliation. 
 The vein composition varies from totally quartz to all 
 calcite, with iron staining and ribbon structure common 
 underground. The veins contain an average of less than 1 
 pet pyrrhotite with occasional gold. Selected pieces of dump 
 material contained 1 pet galena, chalcopyrite, and visible 
 gold. Johnson (21 ) also reported arsenopyrite and sphalerite 
 in the ore. Quartz float from several trenches in the area 
 contained up to 5 pet galena, 1 pet chalcopyrite, and visi- 
 ble gold. A linear depression in which the quartz float oc- 
 curs marks the surface expression of the fault zone. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 The underground workings were mapped and sampled 
 where possible, although the tops of several stopes were not 
 accessible. Sample data for 31 samples containing from a 
 trace to 30 ppm Au and from less than 0.2 to 11 ppm Ag 
 are listed in the appendix. One additional sample (4263), 
 collected from the arrastre mill, contained 300 ppm Au and 
 65 ppm Ag. The locations of all subsurface samples collected 
 are shown on figure 15. 
 
 Prospecting in the area east of the Culross Mine re- 
 vealed some quartz float containing 1 pet arsenopyrite, but 
 no visible gold. Several quartz veins occur in the area, but 
 they were completely devoid of sulfides. A 10- by 15-ft ex- 
 posure of shale cut by numerous quartz veinlets contained 
 traces of copper and zinc but no precious metals. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 An identified resource of 9,800 st, containing a 
 weighted-average grade of 0.16 oz/st Au and 0.1 oz/st Ag, 
 
 was identified at the Culross Mine. This estimate was based 
 on a strike length of 480 ft, a thickness of 1 ft, a depth of 
 240 ft, and a tonnage factor of 11.7. A previous estimate 
 made by Richelson (41) was more optimistic; he calculated 
 a reserve of 75,000 st containing 1.5 oz/st Au, 1.5 oz/st Ag, 
 1 pet Cu, and 1 pet Pb. 
 
 This deposit is estimated to have moderate mineral 
 development potential for a small precious metal lode mine. 
 Additional sampling, mapping, surface trenching, and drill- 
 ing is recommended. 
 
 Portage Mine 
 
 The Portage Mine is at the head of Poe Valley, approx- 
 imately 12 miles northeast of Whittier, AK (fig. 11). The 
 portal is at an elevation of 1,550 ft, and remnants of sup- 
 port buildings remain along the west side of Poe Valley at 
 an elevation of 300 ft. 
 
 History and Production 
 
 The deposit was located by Domenic Vietti and partners 
 in 1928 (58). Portage Gold Mines, Ltd. acquired the prop- 
 erty in 1933 and performed development work with some 
 production between 1935 and 1940 (46). A mine report was 
 written for Brigitte Mining and Consulting Co., Ltd. in 1965 
 by Steiner (59), but no subsequent activity has occurred. 
 Total recorded production is 490 oz Au and 60 oz Ag. 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 Workings are at an elevation of 1,550 ft and consist of 
 a 278-ft crosscut, a 345-ft drift with approximately 220 ft 
 of stoping, and 240 ft of raises (fig. 16). One 160-ft raise 
 reaches the surface at about 1,700 ft above sea level. Several 
 cases of unopened dynamite are present at the east end of 
 the drift. Equipment used at the mine was described in a 
 1936 report by Roehm (46): 
 
 This company owns a 20 hp diesel McCormick- 
 Deering tractor which is used in hauling supplies 
 from the beach to the camp and part way to the 
 mine. The mine is operated with a 2-stage air- 
 cooled Ingersoll-Rand compressor. This is [a] type 
 40M with 186 ft air displacement and delivers 150 
 feet 3 . This is run by a 30 hp Gardner diesel with 
 belt drive. Gardner-Denver machines with 
 detachable bits are used in the mine. Timber is 
 lacking in the vicinity of the mine. However, 
 within half a mile of the beach an abundance is 
 found. A seasonal water power site could be 
 developed from the glacial stream which has ap- 
 proximately a 50 foot fall within 200 feet of the 
 beach. 
 
 The compressor, diesel, and other equipment occupy a 
 small room underground within 50 ft of the portal. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 Roehm (46) also described the geology and mineraliza- 
 tion of the area: 
 
 The geology in this area is very favorable for gold 
 deposition due to the existence of a slate and 
 granite contact that shows considerable mineral- 
 ization. This contact is located along the east side 
 
26 
 
 u 
 
 4) 
 > 
 4) 
 
 O 
 
 o> 
 
 o. 
 
 (0 
 
 E 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 « 
 
 a. 
 E 
 a 
 (0 
 
 I 
 
 UJ 
 
 QC 
 
 3 
 
 a 
 
 a ™ 
 
 
 a 
 
 *>/y 
 
 z 
 
 CO Jf / 
 
 LU 
 
 m Av 
 
 o 
 
 to Vf>/ ( 
 
 LU 
 
 00 &/ 
 
 _l 
 
 &>l o 
 
 
 «/ ro 
 
 
 5- s 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 1 I LO 
 
 
 £ CM 
 
 
 ■ •*■ 
 
 
 5 - 
 
 -* — 
 
 '1 
 
 ^ o 
 
 , r^ 
 
 ■* 
 \ co 
 
 X 
 
27 
 
 fc^ - 
 
 .♦- 70 r , 
 
 .85 
 
 %7S D 
 
 U 
 
 ■wrv^ru 
 
 73 
 
 4992-3 
 
 Caved 
 
 LEGEND 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 Quartz vein, showing dip 
 
 Felsic dike, showing dip 
 
 Fault, showing dip and relative 
 movement 
 
 Shear zone 
 
 Strike and dip of foliation 
 
 H Raise 
 
 — B- Ore chute 
 
 jfifflffiA Stope Portal el 1.550 ft 
 
 ^ Adit 
 
 X4991 Sample site 
 
 FIGURE 16.— Sample location map for 1,550-ft level of Portage Mine. 
 
 of the valley in a northerly direction cutting the 
 schistosity of the slates at nearly a right angle. 
 Several light greenish to gray dikes extend from 
 the contact into the slates at various angles. The 
 slates consist of wide bands of black graphitic 
 slates, interbanded narrow graywacke and slates 
 of a more argillaceous nature. Along and in the 
 vicinity of these dikes small quartz veins have been 
 found. The main showing on this group consists of 
 a banded quartz lens with an exposed length of 150 
 feet and an average width of 12 inches. The strike 
 
 of this lens is N60°E and dips 58° to 60°NW. The 
 slate formation strikes N70°E and dips 69° to 
 70°NW. This gives a difference of 10° in both 
 strike and dip between vein and formation. 
 
 The vein is enclosed in a strong shear which con- 
 tains a gouge of highly crumpled slates 3-feet wide. 
 This gouge contains the quartz lenses which vary 
 between the walls of the gouge. The average length 
 of these lenses is 20 to 25 feet anrl they vary in 
 width from a few inches to 20 inches, as they oc- 
 cur along the drift. Usually barren spaces of 10 to 
 
28 
 
 15 feet exist between the lenses. Where the cross- 
 cut tunnel hits the vein, a dike of greenish color 
 was found striking N40°E and dipping NW. This 
 dike was cut by the vein with only a few feet 
 displacement. At a point 22 feet east of the 
 crosscut, a raise was started on a small lens. This 
 raise is directly under the larger surface outcrop. 
 The quartz widened from a few inches to 12 inches 
 at the top 30 feet above. Later reports stated this 
 raise encountered a dike of greenish nature 
 paralleling the vein with the vein showing a 
 greater width and higher values. 
 
 The milky white banded graphitic quartz con- 
 tains a 1-percent mineralization of (in order of 
 abundance) pyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, 
 chalcopyrite, and free gold. The mineralization and 
 also the gold values were spotty and occur both in 
 the quartz and along the graphitic bands. The lens 
 on the surface over its exposed length of 150 feet 
 and average 12-inch width was reported to average 
 one and a half ounces of gold per ton. A 35-feet sec- 
 tion of this exposed length was reported to average 
 between 2 and 3 oz. Free gold can be seen in several 
 places along the drift and the average assay was 
 reported good. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 In 1980, the Bureau examined, sampled (4991-4995 and 
 5458-5461), and mapped the main workings (fig. 16), and 
 collected a pan concentrate sample (4996) from the small 
 drainage southwest of the portal. The surface exposure at 
 1,700 ft was briefly examined and sampled (5692A-5692E) 
 in 1981. Data for all 15 samples are listed in the appendix. 
 The samples contained up to 16.6 ppm Au and 6 ppm Ag. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 Company reports suggest that the deposit contains 
 10,000 st of identified resource grading 0.6 oz/st Au and 0.1 
 oz/st Ag (58-59). Previous reports have been optimistic con- 
 cerning the potential for development of this property. 
 Smitheringale (58) concluded, 
 
 The results of work during 1935 are favorable 
 and sufficient to warrant the installation of 
 machinery to further the rapid exploration of the 
 vein at depth. 
 
 In 1965, Steiner (59) recommended, 
 
 The existence of economical quantities of gold 
 had been proven by former operation. The present 
 conditions existing in the area warrant an inten- 
 sive exploration program, aimed at a substantially 
 greater development of the property than was car- 
 ried out previously. 
 
 Bureau sampling indicated that the vein contains spotty 
 but generally low-grade values of Au. However, samples 
 could only be collected from material left behind by the 
 original miners. The vein has good strike length and con- 
 tinuity up dip to the surface. Should the vein also be con- 
 tinuous at depth, significant reserves could exist. Other 
 quartz veins are visible above and to the east of the cur- 
 rent workings near the contact zone between a granodiorite 
 stock and Valdez Group rocks. Bureau investigators agree 
 with the following statement by Steiner (59): 
 
 It is thus inferred that further exploration of the 
 contact zone will most certainly disclose the ex- 
 istence of additional quartz vein systems capable 
 of carrying gold mineralization. 
 
 The Portage Mine has moderate mineral development 
 potential. Additional evaluation, including surface trench- 
 ing and sampling, mapping, and drilling, is warranted. 
 
 MOOSE PASS AREA 
 
 Approximately 20 lode gold deposits have been iden- 
 tified in the Moose Pass area. Four of these deposits, the 
 Primrose, Crown Point, Skeen-Lechner and Falls Creek, 
 and East Point Mines are discussed below because of their 
 significant past production and/or moderate or high mineral 
 development potential. Other deposits are discussed in a 
 previous report (18). 
 
 Primrose Mine 
 
 The Primrose Mine is on Porcupine Creek, 2.5 miles by 
 trail from the Primrose Creek campground, at an elevation 
 of 1,000 ft (fig. 17). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 This deposit was discovered and staked in 1911 by John 
 
 Rice (26), who completed some surface trenching and 
 
 developed a 22-ft adit. The Primrose Mining Co. took over 
 
 the claims in 1912 and constructed two adits and a 75-ft 
 
 inclined shaft (26). Chase Hubbard obtained ownership of 
 
 the claims in 1914 and completed minor development work 
 
 between 1914 and 1926 (7). Recorded production, mostly 
 
 from 1912 to 1918, totals 659 oz Au and 138 oz Ag from 
 
 300 st of ore. However, Burnette (7), a consulting mining 
 
 engineer, reported that over 4,000 oz Au had been produced 
 
 by 1931. A summary of assay values and smelter runs was 
 
 also made by Burnette (7) in 1931. He commented, 
 
 The average value per ton of the ore from this 
 
 property on the Primrose claim approximates 
 
 $100.00 per ton net. A shipment made to the Ta- 
 
 coma smelter and including a pro-rated amount of 
 
 ore from all surface ore appearing as outcrops, ran 
 
 2.45 oz gold and 1.29 oz silver per ton, or $50.64 
 
 per ton in gold. These shipments were made in 
 
 order to derive from fair tonnage sampling, the 
 
 average per ton of all ore taken from all ore 
 
 disclosures. 
 
 Other shipments of ore to the smelter of from 
 twelve to fifteen tons and which were taken from 
 the general mine run, showed as follows: 
 
 5.20 oz gold - 
 
 -$104.00 
 
 2.39 oz silver- 
 
 -$1.40 ton 
 
 5.38 
 
 107.60 
 
 2.22 
 
 1.33 " 
 
 5.67 
 
 113.40 
 
 2.70 
 
 1.61 " 
 
 5.96 
 
 119.00 
 
 2.67 
 
 1.60 " 
 
 A winze has been sunk on Veins Nos. 6 and 7 
 to a depth of 50 ft from creek level. The first 10 
 ft of ore out of this shaft was shipped to the smelter 
 and for the nine tons of ore extracted and shipped, 
 a gross value of $105.29 per ton was realized, or 
 approximately $100.00 per foot in depth. Some of 
 this ore at the surface and at 10 ft in depth assayed 
 
29 
 
 -- 
 
 !49°30' 
 
 
 ' fV 
 60°30' — ; 
 
 m 
 
 Rail 
 
 
 I. A K 
 
 T3bc* 
 
 r 
 
 I* O 
 
 r /< 
 
 Adah- ^vfajji 
 
 O ° 
 
 • Primrose Mln« 
 
 Bo»a odopUd from U.S.G.S. P 250,000 3»word quadronglt 
 
 Scale, miles 
 Contour interval, 200 ft 
 
 LEGEND 
 O Known mineral deposit 
 • Major deposit discussed in report 
 
 N 
 
 FIGURE 17.— Locations of important lode gold deposits in Moose Pass area. 
 
 $300.00 per ton. Ore assays at the bottom of this 
 shaft (50 ft) ran $436.11 and $654.36 per ton. 
 
 A mill test was made at the property in August 
 1930, running through some of the ore (five tons) 
 taken from the above mentioned shaft, which was 
 taken out in the ordinary course of development 
 or just a general run of mine ore. This ore plated 
 about $38.00 per ton in free gold and ran nearly 
 $800.00 per ton in concentrate. The general 
 average per ton was a little over $100.00 and as 
 only part of the saving devices were installed, 
 much of the values were lost. 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 One cabin of the five original buildings remains stand- 
 ing and is in current use. Portions of the mill remain at 
 creek level below the cabin. Three levels of workings total- 
 ing 450 ft were reported by Byram (8) in 1932. Portions of 
 these workings have been reopened by the current owner. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 Martin, Johnson, and Grant (26) describes the geologic 
 setting and mineralization at the Primrose Mine as follows: 
 
 The interbedded slate and graywacke in the 
 creek bottom strikes N17 ° W and has a vertical dip. 
 On the canyon walls, however, surficial creep of 
 the beds has caused an inclination of the upper part 
 of the lode and country rock toward the creek and 
 has resulted in a false dip of the beds away from 
 the creek and a strike approximately parallel to 
 the course of the canyon. The quartz stringers at 
 the surface dip 35° to 40°E, and at a depth of 40 
 feet in the incline shaft the vein is said to stand 
 nearly vertical and to strike about N30°E. At this 
 depth the stringers are reported to converge into 
 a nearly solid vein 7 feet thick with well defined 
 walls. 
 
30 
 
 The gangue in the stringers is quartz, coarsely 
 crystalline in some of the larger stringers and 
 showing interlocking crystals in places at the 
 center of the veins. Some calcite occurs with the 
 quartz as a gangue mineral. Arsenopyrite is the 
 most abundant sulfide and occurs in association 
 with the other sulfides, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, 
 galena, and pyrite. The gold occurs free in the 
 quartz and also in intimate associat .n with the 
 sulfides. 
 
 At the portal of the upper level, which was visited by 
 Bureau investigators in 1982, the host rocks consist of 
 highly fractured, incompetent slate and graywacke of the 
 Valdez Group striking N60°E and dipping 55°SE. This at- 
 titude is believed to reflect slumping. The quartz vein ex- 
 posed at the portal is 8 to 10 in wide within a 3-ft-wide shear 
 zone striking N60°E and dipping 55°SE. The quartz con- 
 tains some carbonate and has a well-developed ribbon struc- 
 ture caused by dark, carbonaceous-appearing bands along 
 which fine-grained sulfides and gold have formed. Sulfides 
 are abundant and include arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, 
 galena, sphalerite, and pyrrhotite. Malachite and covellite 
 are also present. The vein is highly oxidized and breaks 
 freely away from its walls. Gouge is well-developed along 
 both walls. Small vugs containing clear, euhedral quartz 
 crystals are present. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 continued in 1911, and a 630-ft aerial tram with a 5-st/h 
 capacity and a 5-stamp mill were installed (26). Thereafter, 
 the mine operated each year through 1916 with a total pro- 
 duction of 1,852 oz Au and 428 oz Ag. The property was 
 reopened in 1935 by the Crown Point Mining Co., and pro- 
 duction between 1935 and 1940 totaled 1,293 oz Au and 206 
 oz Ag. Minor development work occurred from 1955 to 1959 
 by Anson Houldsberry and Edward Nielson (1). Only assess- 
 ment work has been completed since 1959. Total recorded 
 production is 3,145 oz Au and 639 oz Ag from 2,995 st of 
 ore (table 8). 
 
 Table 8.— Recorded gold-silver production 
 from Crown Point Mine 
 
 Year 
 
 Ore, st 
 
 1911 
 
 1912 
 
 1913 
 
 1914 
 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 
 1935 
 
 1936 
 
 1937 
 
 1938 
 
 1939 
 
 1940 
 
 Total 
 
 "Estimate. 
 
 184 
 
 382 
 
 230 
 
 100 
 
 700 
 
 350 
 
 110 
 
 214 
 
 25 
 
 e 300 
 
 e 200 
 
 200 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 oz 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag 
 
 412 
 
 106 
 
 381 
 
 99 
 
 377 
 
 60 
 
 97 
 
 14 
 
 346 
 
 99 
 
 239 
 
 50 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 371 
 
 36 
 
 97 
 
 23 
 
 426 
 
 54 
 
 230 
 
 56 
 
 166 
 
 41 
 
 2,995 
 
 3,145 
 
 639 
 
 In 1982, Bureau investigators briefly examined and 
 sampled the Primrose vein where it is exposed above the 
 portal of the upper level. An attempt was made to reopen 
 the portal but was abandoned due to caving. Data from the 
 three samples collected (7174, 7175A, and 7175B) are listed 
 in the appendix. The two samples assayed contained 1.17 
 to 1.57 oz/st Au and 0.6 oz/st Ag. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 Available historical data and Bureau work suggest that 
 the deposit may contain an identified resource of 1,300 st 
 averaging 1.42 oz/st Au and 0.6 oz/st Ag (8). However, ad- 
 ditional work is needed to support these estimates. This 
 deposit has high mineral development potential based upon 
 past production and recent sampling. Additional work, in- 
 cluding reopening old workings, surface trenching, and 
 sampling, is highly recommended. 
 
 Crown Point Mine 
 
 The Crown Point Mine is on the north side of Falls 
 Creek approximately 3 miles southeast of Moose Pass at 
 an elevation between 4,100 and 4,600 ft (fig. 17). The 
 original mill was located on a small eastern tributary to 
 Falls Creek at an elevation of 1,700 ft. 
 
 History and Production 
 
 Three veins are exposed at the Crown Point Mine (26). 
 The Black Butte vein was originally discovered and staked 
 in 1906. Two veins referred to as the Moon Anchor veins 
 were staked in 1907 (26) but have never been developed. 
 T. W. Hawkins, Charles E. Brown, James R. Hodden, and 
 John Adams optioned the Black Butte vein, did some 
 development work, and subsequently deeded the property 
 to the Kenai Alaska Gold Co. in 1910 (26). Development 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 Four working levels exist at elevations of 4,170 ft, 4,320 
 ft, 4,450 ft, and 4,540 ft (fig. 18). Most of the two lower adits 
 is accessible; the 4,450-ft level is caved within 50 ft of the 
 portal; and the 4,540-ft level is caved at the portal. Stoping 
 was extensive between the three upper levels. The lowest 
 level appears to have been used primarily for haulage. Total 
 development is estimated to exceed 2,000 ft, over half of 
 which is currently accessible. 
 
 The milling and recovery procedure used during the 
 1911 to 1916 period of production was described by Johnson 
 (20): 
 
 During 1911 the ore sacked at the mine was 
 hauled on go-devils to the mill, where it was passed 
 over a 1.5-inch grizzly, the oversize going to a 
 Blake ore crusher. It was then fed to a 5-stamp 
 mill, the stamps dropping 114 times a minute with 
 a 6-inch drop, the pulp being discharged through 
 a 40-mesh screen. After passing over the 
 amalgamating plates, the pulp went to a Risdon- 
 Johnston concentrator. The concentrates were 
 shipped to the Tacoma smelter and the tailings 
 were impounded pending the erection of a plant 
 for the recovery of their contained gold. 
 
 A more recent mill was apparently constructed just 
 below the 4,170-ft level. However, the structure was 
 destroyed by avalanche(s) prior to the 1980 visit by the 
 Bureau. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 Mineralization at the Crown Point Mine is hosted by 
 Valdez Group slate and graywacke which generally strike 
 
31 
 
 *" 
 
 Kv 
 
 5288 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 ♦? 5 _ 
 
 Quartz vein. 
 
 ,'/7/7a. 
 
 Stope 
 
 a 
 
 Prospect pit 
 
 B 
 
 Raise 
 
 Winze 
 
 48 
 — •— Strike and dip of foliation 
 
 = ■■=: Adit el 4,170 ft 
 
 '=<■ Adit el 4,320 ft 
 
 ====: Adit el 4,450 ft 
 
 40 80 
 
 Scale, ft 
 
 Adit el 4,540 ft 
 
 X 5288 Sample site 
 
 FIGURE 18.— Sample location map for Crown Point Mine except for 4,320-ft level. (See also figure 19.) 
 
32 
 
 north and dip steeply to the east. Johnson, in Martin, 
 Johnson, and Grant (26), discussed the structural 
 characteristics of the ore deposit in some detail: 
 
 The Black Butte vein occupies a fissure, formed 
 during or after the folding of the slate-gray wacke 
 series. The strike of the fissure as shown by the 
 plan of the mine workings (fig. 19) is sightly 
 curved, varying from N50° to S83°E. The dip 
 ranges from 65 °SE to 90 °. On the surface the vein 
 has been traced for more than 1,500 feet. The width 
 of the fissure filling ranges from 5 to 48 inches, 
 the average width being from 20 to 30 inches. The 
 fissure filling consists of crushed and decomposed 
 country rock with numerous lenses and stringers 
 of quartz which locally fill the entire fissure. The 
 width of the quartz masses varies from 1 inch to 
 30 inches. Twenty measurements on several of the 
 quartz lenses gave an average width of 11 inches. 
 Larger and more continuous bodies of quartz have 
 been found in the east end of the lower drift than 
 in the west end, and most of the development work 
 of 1911 was done in that part of the mine. Con- 
 siderable movement has taken place along this 
 fissure since the vein quartz was deposited, as is 
 shown by the slickensided quartz surfaces within 
 the vein, the close jointing in the quartz, and the 
 lenticular nature of some of the quartz masses. 
 Slickensides are also noticeable in the slate close 
 to the veins. 
 
 No development work has been done on the veins 
 on the Moon Anchor claim and little is known 
 regarding their size or extent. Both veins 
 apparently occupy fissures, one of which strikes a 
 little south of east and has a vertical dip. This vein 
 is traceable about 200 feet. The width of the quartz 
 filling of these veins varies from 1 to 2 feet. 
 
 Johnson (26) also described the mineralization present. 
 
 The quartz gangue, as a rule, is massive and com- 
 pact. The veins on the Moon Anchor claim, 
 however, contain a few small cavities lined with 
 well-developed quartz crystals. The vein quartz is 
 milky -white except where discolored by decomposi- 
 tion products of the sulfides. Calcite occurs in the 
 veins in small quantities. The close rhombohedral 
 jointing of the quartz gives the ore a checked 
 appearance. 
 
 The ore is free-milling. The gold is very fine and 
 is rarely visible to the unaided eye. The sulfides, 
 arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, form less 
 than 1 pet of the ore. The gold is found both free 
 and in close association with or included in the 
 sulfides, which are fine and widely scattered 
 through the quartz gangue. Many of the joint sur- 
 faces of the quartz are rusty and when cleaned 
 show much fine gold, left by the decomposition of 
 the gold-bearing sulfides. 
 
 Additional characteristics of possible significance were 
 identified during an examination of the property by Bureau 
 and USGS investigators in July 1980. The Black Butte vein 
 was developed along a fault zone that apparently offset a 
 well-defined sandstone bed by 9 ft in a right lateral sense. 
 The vein itself is consistently offset left-laterally by 
 northeast-striking fractures. Muscovite was identified in the 
 Black Butte vein, which should allow the vein to be dated 
 by potassium-argon methods. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Bureau investigators examined, sampled, and mapped the 
 accessible workings during 1980 (figs. 18-19). Quantitative 
 analyses for 16 samples collected from the Crown Point 
 Mine (5288-5295, 5302-5304, 5307-5309, 5684, and 7141) are 
 summarized in the appendix. The locations of most of these 
 samples are indicated on figures 18 and 19. Samples 5307 
 through 5309 are located up to 500 ft west of the 4,540 ft 
 level, and are not shown. The weighted-average grade of 
 the samples collected from the Black Butte vein was 0.37 
 oz/st Au and 0.1 oz/st Ag. The highest grade samples (5293, 
 5302, 5303, and 5684) were collected from the east end of 
 the 4,320-ft level (fig. 19), from a pillar between the 4,320- 
 and 4,450-ft levels where 50 st of material containing 2 oz/st 
 Au and 0.5 oz/st Ag was identified. 
 
 The Black Butte vein was traced on the surface for about 
 1,000 ft west of the 4,540-ft level. Samples 5288 and 5308 
 contained high enough values (8.6 ppm and 14.0 ppm Au, 
 respectively) to indicate that the western extension of the 
 Black Butte vein deserves additional exploration. The east 
 end of the vein is cut off by a northeast-striking high-angle 
 fault of undetermined net slip. No eastern extension of the 
 vein was located during the course of this investigation, and 
 apparently no such extension was found by previous owners. 
 
 In 1981, a 300-lb bulk sample (5684) was collected from 
 the 4,320-ft level to determine grade and metallurgical 
 characteristics. This sample assayed 2.2 oz/st Au and 0.5 
 oz/st Ag. However, metallurgical tests were not completed. 
 In 1982, approximately 50 lb of debris from the floor of the 
 4,320-ft level was collected, panned, and amalgamated 
 (7141). Results indicated that this debris contained over 0.2 
 oz/st free gold. Crushing would likely liberate additional 
 gold. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 Surface sampling indicated that the western extension 
 of the Black Butte vein has an identified resource of 31,000 
 st with a weighted-average grade of 0.37 oz/st Au and 0.1 
 oz/st Ag. This estimate was made using a strike length of 
 1,000 ft, a thickness of 0.75 ft, a depth of 500 ft, and a ton- 
 nage factor of 12. 
 
 Stoping of the Black Butte vein has been extensive. 
 Only a few pillars remain underground which might be 
 capable of supporting a small high-grading operation. 
 Resource calculations are possible for the pillar sampled in 
 the east end of the 4,320-ft level, where the mineralization 
 averages 6 in thick over a strike length of 40 ft. Assuming 
 that the vein continues up dip for 30 ft with an average 
 grade of 2 oz/st Au (based upon samples 5293, 5302-5303, 
 and 5684) approximately 100 oz of gold remains in the pillar. 
 
 The Crown Point Mine has high mineral development 
 potential. Probably the best was to block out enough 
 reserves to support a small operation for 5 yr or more would 
 be to explore the western extension of the Black Butte vein 
 or attempt to locate the eastern faulted-off extension of the 
 vein by drilling. 
 
 Skeen-Lechner and Falls Creek Mines 
 
 The Skeen-Lechner Mine is approximately 3 miles east 
 of the Seward Highway on the north side of Falls Creek at 
 an elevation of 3,200 ft (fig. 17). The Falls Creek Mine is 
 located on Falls Creek below the Skeen-Lechner workings. 
 Both properties were operated by the same company 
 throughout most of their history. 
 
33 
 
 ~" 
 
 5293, 5302-3, 5684, 7141 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 t™-^ Quartz vein, showing dip and relative 
 
 - movement 
 so , 
 
 * Fault, showing dip and relative movement 
 
 — — — (dashed where approximate) 
 
 ,50 
 
 ■v-\-->_-v. Shear zone, showing dip 
 
 -l?° Strike and dip of bedding 
 
 50 
 
 — - Strike and dip of foliation 
 
 I ~~ \ Stope 
 
 Adit 
 x529 1 Sample site 
 
 Pottal el 4.320 It 
 
 FIGURE 19.— Sample location map for 4,320-ft level of Crown Point Mine. 
 
 History and Production 
 
 The Falls Creek vein was originally located by F. P. 
 Skeen and John Lechner in 1905 (26). The Skeen-Lechner 
 veins were discovered in 1907 (19). Development work 
 began on the Falls Creek vein in 1905 with the driving of 
 a 90-ft adit and the sinking of a 20-ft winze. The California- 
 Alaska Mining Co. purchased the Falls Creek property in 
 1908 and completed 140 ft of drift and deepened the winze 
 to 40 ft (26). An arrastre mill was installed in 1909 and 1910, 
 and 5 oz Au was recovered (26). A 2-stamp mill was installed 
 in 1911, and 90 st of ore was milled. Development work 
 began on the Skeen-Lechner veins in 1910 by F. L. Ballaine 
 and J. A. Nelson (19). They deeded the property to the 
 Skeen-Lechner Mining Co. in 1911, and development work 
 continued. During 1912, the Falls Creek workings were 
 dewatered, and the mill was fed with ore from the Skeen- 
 Lechner property. Johnson (26) reported that underground 
 workings at the Skeen-Lechner totaled 1,000 ft by 1912. Pro- 
 duction continued until 1915. 
 
 Mel Horner acquired the Skeen-Lechner Mine in 1939 
 and deeded it to the Falls Creek Mining Co., which also 
 owned the Falls Creek Mine (19). Minor production occurred 
 in 1942, 1943, and from 1946 to 1950. Little work has been 
 done since 1950. Total combined recorded production was 
 1,851 oz Au and 520 oz Ag from 3,286 st of ore (table 9). 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 Workings of the Falls Creek Mine are reported to total 
 860 ft (fig. 20), but they are currently inaccessible (19). The 
 mill, which was destroyed by an avalanche in 1981, con- 
 
 Table 9.— Recorded gold-silver production from 
 Skeen-Lechner and Falls Creek Mines 
 
 Year 
 
 Ore, st 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 OZ 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag 
 
 1911 
 
 90 
 
 50 
 
 900 
 
 1,632 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 40 
 
 174 
 
 80 
 
 124 
 
 110 
 
 e 55 
 
 65 
 
 72 
 
 435 
 
 783 
 
 97 
 
 4 
 
 19 
 
 49 
 
 86 
 
 24 
 
 85 
 
 98 
 
 34 
 
 13 
 
 1912 
 
 13 
 
 1913 
 
 141 
 
 1914 . . 
 
 231 
 
 1915 
 
 3 
 
 1937 . . 
 
 NA 
 
 1942 . . 
 
 4 
 
 1943 
 
 26 
 
 1 946 
 
 23 
 
 1 947 
 
 7 
 
 1948 
 
 23 
 
 1949 
 
 27 
 
 1950 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 3,286 
 
 1,851 
 
 520 
 
 e Estimate. 
 
 NA Not available. 
 
 
 
 tained a jaw crusher, ball mill, amalgamation plates, and 
 diesel generator. 
 
 At the Skeen-Lechner Mine, two veins were developed 
 by three levels of workings (fig. 21) at elevations of 3,140 
 ft, 3,210 ft, and 3,260 ft. The middle level is currently ac- 
 cessible; the other two are caved at their portals, although 
 the upper level can be entered through a raise that in- 
 tersects the surface. 
 
 According to company data (19), workings at the end 
 of 1950 totaled nearly 2,000 ft and were identified by type 
 as follows (with all values in feet): 
 
34 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Narrow Canyon 
 
 -ft waterfall 
 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 » • » Quartz vein, dashed where 
 *" "*" approximate 
 
 Fault, showing dip 
 Existing shaft 
 
 Proposed shaft 
 
 Adit 
 
 Existing workings 
 
 Proposed workings 
 
 / General location of proposed 
 / / tunnel to tap vein at depth 
 
 Section A-A' 
 
 FIGURE 20.— Map of Falls Creek Mine workings. 
 
 Level and vein Crosscuts Drifts Raises Winzes Total 
 
 3,260, lower ... 18 204 70 5 297 
 
 3,210, upper ... 122 193 125 5 445 
 3,140: 
 
 Upper 74 38 175 287 
 
 Lower 300 422 170 70 962 
 
 Total 514 857 540 80 1,991 
 
 No workings were reported along the upper vein of the 
 3,260-ft level or along the lower vein of the 3,210-ft level. 
 Apparently, not all of the footage recorded in the company's 
 records was mapped on the company mine map (fig. 21). 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 The Skeen-Lechner and Falls Creek veins are hosted 
 by Valdez Group rocks. Cross section A-A', showing the 
 veins' relationship to the 3,210-ft level, is included in figure 
 21 (inset) for reference. Johnson (26) accurately described 
 the upper and lower veins of the Skeen-Lechner Mine as 
 follows: 
 
 The upper vein, occupying a fissure in the 
 massive gray wacke, strikes N15 ° W and dips 45 °E. 
 About midway of its present known length it is off- 
 set 40 feet on the tunnel level by a vertical fault 
 
 fissure striking N56°E. The sheared zone along the 
 fault plane is 12 to 23-inches wide and is filled with 
 crushed country rock containing fragments of vein 
 quartz. 
 
 Slickensides are visible on this included vein 
 quartz and on the walls of the fault fissure. In the 
 tunnel this vein is well defined, varies in width 
 from 20 to 45-inches and shows 1 to 4-inches of 
 gouge on both walls. The outcrop shows much less 
 quartz, 28-inches being the maximum measure- 
 ment made, and in places the fissure filling is a 
 sheared arsenopyrite impregnated graywacke con- 
 taining only a few narrow quartz stringers. The 
 lower vein lies about 90 feet southwest of the up- 
 per vein and has a strike of N45°W and a dip of 
 65°NE. It measured 46-inches at the original 
 discovery, near the mouth of the upper tunnel. In 
 the lower tunnel, the width of the vein varied from 
 1 foot to 4 feet, averaging about 2 feet. Gouge 
 shows on both walls. 
 
 Johnson (26) also describes characteristics of the ore and 
 compares the ore with that of adjacent properties including 
 the Crown Point (Kenai-Alaska) and Falls Creek 
 (California-Alaska) deposits: 
 
--' 
 
 35 
 
 * Lower quartz vein width at 
 V^face reported to be 36 in 
 
 Upper quartz vein width at 
 * face reported to be 28 in 
 
 Sloped to surfac 
 
 Upper quartz vein width at 
 face reported to be 28 in 
 
 A.- 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 _ t 7o^ Quartz vein, showing dip (dashed where 
 
 «--»-•-« approximate) 
 
 Shear zone, showing dip and relative 
 
 movement 
 
 Average dip of upper 
 quartz vein is reported 
 to be 45° 
 
 •Average dip of lower 
 quartz vein is reportec 
 ito be 60° 
 
 Section A-A' 
 
 H 
 
 Raise 
 
 
 
 
 Winze 
 
 
 MM 
 
 Stope 
 
 
 . 
 
 Adit el 
 
 3,140 ft 
 
 Dump 
 
 =:: = ::=; Adit el 3,210 ft 
 
 =:=:=; Adit el 3,260 ft 
 X7136 Sample site 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 30 
 
 I 
 
 60 
 
 I 
 
 
 Scale, ft 
 
 
 FIGURE 21. — Sample location map for Skeen-Lechner Mine. 
 
36 
 
 The fissure filling of the two veins is massive 
 white quartz, somewhat shattered and jointed. 
 Faint indications of secondary banding are seen 
 in some places. Only a few small crystal-lined 
 cavities are noticeable in the vein quartz. At the 
 western end of the outcrop of the upper vein, the 
 quartz occurs as a network of stringers in the shat- 
 tered country rock, the graywacke being con- 
 siderably iron-stained. The quartz stringers here 
 are frozen tightly to the graywacke, and narrow 
 rusty bands, showing the former position of iron 
 sulfides lie along the contact. The country rock is 
 impregnated with iron sulfides at several places 
 along the vein. 
 
 Sulfides are somewhat more abundant in these 
 veins than in those of the Kenai-Alaska Gold Co., 
 but they are not nearly so plentiful as in the vein 
 on the adjacent property of the California-Alaska 
 Mining Co. Native gold occurs in association with 
 arsenopyrite and galena and in one specimen gold 
 was embedded in an arsenopyrite grain. The gold 
 and sulfide appear as small grains, no large masses 
 being observed in either vein. 
 
 Mineralization at the Falls Creek Mine is reported to 
 consist of an 8-in- to 4-ft-thick vein in a vertical 5-ft-thick 
 shear zone striking N50°E in slate and metasandstone 
 striking N10°E and dipping 75 °E (65). Metallic minerals 
 include arsenopyrite, galena, pyrite, sphalerite, and gold. 
 Free gold is associated with narrow bluish quartz stringers 
 and fine-grained sulfides. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Bureau investigators examined, sampled, and mapped 
 accessible portions of the Skeen-Lechner Mine in 1980 and 
 1982. Data for 22 samples (4824-4837, 7132-7138, and 7140) 
 are listed in the appendix. Sample 4835, collected over an 
 18-in thickness of quartz that included 6 in of country rock 
 from a surface exposure of the upper vein (fig. 21), assayed 
 over 10 oz/st Au and nearly 1 oz/st Ag. The weighted- 
 average grade of the remaining quartz samples, all collected 
 from the upper quartz vein, was less than 0.5 oz/st Au and 
 0.25 oz/st Ag. The 1980 and 1982 examinations of the prop- 
 perty were restricted to sampling portions of the upper vein 
 that were exposed in the 3,210-ft level and at the surface. 
 
 The Falls Creek mill site was visited in 1980 and 1982. 
 Photographs of the mill were taken in 1980 prior to the 
 avalanche. One vein exposure located across the creek from 
 the mill site, above what appeared to be a caved portal, was 
 sampled (4823) and contained 3.25 ppm Au and 2.4 ppm Ag. 
 This is not believed to be an exposure of the vein system 
 developed by the Falls Creek Mine as it strikes N55°W and 
 dips moderately to steeply northeast. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 The Skeen-Lechner veins contain a combined identified 
 resource of 10,000 st with a weighted-average grade of 0.82 
 oz/st Au and 0.3 oz/st Ag. This estimate is based upon using 
 a length of 200 ft, a thickness of 2 ft, and a depth of 100 
 ft for the upper vein and a length of 360 ft, thickness of 2 
 ft, and a depth of 180 ft for the lower vein. A tonnage fac- 
 tor of 12 was used for both veins. Nearly 4,000 st of the total 
 has been previously mined. No resource data are available 
 for the Falls Creek vein. 
 
 The Skeen-Lechner deposit has high mineral develop- 
 ment potential based upon samples collected and past pro- 
 duction. The Falls Creek Mine has unknown mineral 
 development potential since it could not be accessed. Addi- 
 tional exploration, including detailed mapping, surface 
 trenching, and sampling of these properties, appears 
 warranted. 
 
 East Point Mine 
 
 The East Point Mine, mill, and workings are at an eleva- 
 tion of 4,500 ft on the east side of a small glacier, 3 miles 
 east of the Seward Highway and 1 mile north of Falls Creek 
 (fig. 17). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 The mineralization was discovered in 1924 by John 
 Dryer, a packer for the Crown Point Mine (39) who per- 
 formed some development work and recovered a few ounces 
 of gold for his efforts. Additional production occurred be- 
 tween 1940 and 1945 from a surface excavation near the 
 present site of the cookhouse. Patrick Bogan and partners 
 developed an incline and removed approximately 750 st of 
 high-grade ore between 1954 and 1956. Due to the death 
 of one of the partners, the mine ceased operation in 1956, 
 and the portal was closed. Total recorded production is 1,725 
 oz Au and 479 oz Ag from 1,183 st of ore (table 10). 
 
 Table 10.— Recorded gold-silver production 
 from East Point Mine 
 
 Year 
 
 Ore, st 
 
 Recovery, oz 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag 
 
 1928 
 
 1940 
 
 1941 
 
 1945 
 
 1954 
 
 1955 
 
 1956 
 
 Total .... 
 
 e Estimate. 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 NA 
 
 e 100 
 
 22 
 
 e 300 
 
 520 
 
 47 
 
 194 
 
 4 
 133 
 88 
 158 
 209 
 318 
 815 
 
 1 
 26 
 26 
 49 
 62 
 89 
 226 
 
 1,183 
 
 1,725 
 
 479 
 
 NA Not available. 
 
 The subsurface workings, reported to consist of 100 ft 
 of drift and 70 ft of winze and stopes, are currently inac- 
 cessible due to closure of the portal and the reported 
 presence of water (or ice) in the workings (36). The remain- 
 ing surface structures, consisting of living quarters and mill, 
 have been badly damaged by rock falls from the vertical 
 cliff face above. The mine is in an extremely hazardous loca- 
 tion because of the rock falls and steep glacial and bedrock 
 slopes that must be negotiated to reach it. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 O'Neill (36), who examined the mine in 1960, has writ- 
 ten the only available description of the East Point vein: 
 
 This is a fissure vein in slate bedrock that strikes 
 N55°E and dips 45°-60°SE. It is a strong, persis- 
 tent vein, which can be traced on the surface of the 
 cliff face for several hundred feet. Other veins are 
 also visible along the mountain above this vein. 
 
37 
 
 The vein cuts the bedding of the country rock be- 
 tween twenty and thirty degrees. The stoped area 
 of the vein was about 6-feet thick though it pinches 
 at both faces of the lower drift. The width of the 
 vein at the northeast face is 8-inches and at the 
 southwest face it is 12-inches. The mineralization 
 is somewhat banded in a moderately hard white 
 quartz. Other minerals visible are arsenopyrite 
 and pyrite. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Brief examinations of the property were made in 1980 
 and again in 1982. Falling rock made the visits extremely 
 risky. The vein was exposed after digging approximately 
 150 ft north of the cookhouse. There the vein is 4 in thick, 
 strikes N25° to 30°E, and dips 40°SE. The quartz contains 
 disseminated grains and veinlets of pyrite, arsenopyrite, 
 minor galena, sphalerite, and gold. Three samples collected 
 by O'Neill in 1960 and two Bureau samples (4838 and 7139) 
 contained up to 6 oz/st Au and 2 oz/st Ag (appendix). 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 O'Neill (36) calculated that over 3,700 st of ore grading 
 2.35 oz/st Au and 0.5 oz/st Ag occurs on the property. Data 
 from smelter returns and samples collected by O'Neill and 
 the Bureau indicate that the East Point vein is high grade. 
 The weighted average of six shipments to the Tacoma 
 Smelter in 1955 and 1956, as summarized by O'Neill, was 
 4.92 oz/st Au and 1.37 oz/st Ag. 
 
 The past production history, sample data, and a discus- 
 sion with Patrick Bogan indicate that this property has high 
 mineral development potential and that additional explora- 
 tion is warranted. Preliminary evaluation should include 
 geologic mapping to establish the relationship between the 
 East Point, Crown Point, and Skeen-Lechner veins; reopen- 
 ing of the portal to allow for detailed subsurface sampling 
 of the vein; and sampling of the vein at the surface. The 
 unsafe nature of the terrain cannot be overemphasized. Pro- 
 tective measures should be taken, including the use of 
 climbing gear, hard hats, and rock shelters. 
 
 SUMMIT LAKE-PALMER CREEK AREA 
 
 Approximately 50 lode gold deposits have been iden- 
 tified in the Summit Lake-Palmer Creek area. Five of these 
 deposits were chosen for description below because of their 
 significant past production and/or moderate to high poten- 
 tial for future development; they are the Gilpatrick, 
 Heaston-Oracle, Hirshey-Lucky Strike, and Nearhouse 
 Mines, and the Summit Vein prospect. In addition, the 
 characteristics and development potential of two mineral- 
 ized dikes in the area are discussed. Other deposits in the 
 area are summarized in a previous report (18). 
 
 Gilpatrick Mine 
 
 The Gilpatrick Mine is on the south side of the divide 
 between Summit and Slate Creeks, 1 mile west of the 
 Seward Highway, at an elevation between 2,400 and 3,400 
 ft (fig. 22). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 J. C. Gilpatrick first recognized gold-bearing quartz 
 veins in the Summit-Slate Creek area in 1906 and 
 
 discovered the mineralized Gilpatrick dike in 1908 (26). 
 Several leaseholders produced minor quantities of gold be- 
 tween 1908 and 1935. The United Mining and Development 
 Co. took over the property in 1936 and subsequently con- 
 structed a mill and performed considerable development 
 work (42, 44). Production commenced in 1937 and continued 
 until 1948. Little activity beyond assessment work occurred 
 until 1985 when a road was constructed to the mine and 
 the workings were partially reopened. Total recorded pro- 
 duction was 3,545 oz Au and 1,099 oz Ag from 3,664 st of 
 ore (table 11). 
 
 Table 1 1 .—Recorded gold-silver production 
 from Gilpatrick Mine 
 
 Year 
 
 Ore, st 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 oz 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag 
 
 1914 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 NA 
 
 NA 
 
 142 
 
 105 
 
 1,198 
 
 700 
 
 387 
 
 40 
 
 e 150 
 
 e 225 
 
 e 575 
 
 100 
 
 24 
 
 19 
 
 77 
 
 31 
 
 168 
 
 112 
 
 262 
 
 1,442 
 
 564 
 
 398 
 
 35 
 
 56 
 
 89 
 
 227 
 
 41 
 
 NA 
 
 1916 
 
 20 
 
 1919 
 
 40 
 
 1 934 
 
 NA 
 
 1 937 
 
 62 
 
 1938 
 
 33 
 
 1939 
 
 89 
 
 1940 
 
 451 
 
 1941 
 
 155 
 
 1942 
 
 117 
 
 1 944 
 
 10 
 
 1 945 
 
 17 
 
 1946 
 
 25 
 
 1947 
 
 68 
 
 1948 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 3,664 
 
 3,545 
 
 1,099 
 
 e Estimate. 
 
 NA Not available. 
 
 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 The Gilpatrick Mine originally consisted of seven claims 
 along the Gilpatrick dike on the divide between Summit 
 and Slate Creeks (fig. 23). A gravity-fed mill, destroyed by 
 an avalanche during the winter of 1979-80, was located in 
 Slate Creek valley. Development work consisted of three 
 adits at elevations of 2,850, 3,300, and 3,400 ft and 
 numerous prospect pits on the north side of Slate Creek. 
 A trench at an elevation of 2,400 ft and additional prospect 
 pits are exposed on the south side of Slate Creek. The up- 
 per adit is currently accessible. Portions of the middle adit 
 were reopened in 1985, but entry is considered hazardous. 
 
 Roehm (42), while working for the Alaska Territorial 
 Department of Mines, visited the mine in 1941 and de- 
 scribed the operations occurring at that time: 
 
 Operations were resumed on March 26 of this 
 season with one shift in the mine. June 3 the mill 
 resumed operations and 120 tons of ore was milled 
 during a period of 29 days. A total of seven men 
 have been employed, five of which were in the mine 
 and two in the mill. 
 
 Underground development to date this season 
 consisted of 170 feet of drift and some stoping. 
 Development work has been confined to No. 2 tun- 
 nel, elevation 3,300 feet. This tunnel driven along 
 the Gilpatrick dike, has a length of 470 feet. A 
 raise 230 feet in from the portal extends to No. 3 
 tunnel above. The ore mined and milled by this 
 company has been from a small ore shoot between 
 No. 2 and No. 3 tunnels. Two small crosscuts, one 
 40 feet and one 20 feet, with drift, raise and stope, 
 make up the workings on this level. On date of visit 
 the ore and dike both were lost in the end of No. 
 2 tunnel. Since an offset of 60 feet is shown on the 
 
38 
 
 m^'i CK. 
 
 ■p~". 
 
 T 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 I49°30' 
 i * 
 
 
 •tteorhouse ^tin^ '} v ';' ~M 
 
 fcenai Star prospect 
 
 * ° 
 
 Hlrshey - "^i 
 
 / Palmer Creek dike \ 
 
 L^7 y Strlfct Wwi/fTtcldy 8«r |Mro.i«t Q 
 
 O &j 
 
 / / 
 
 60°45' — 
 
 O 
 O 
 
 
 Colorado prospect O 
 
 Gllpatrfc* ytotptc 
 
 
 Shell prosf 
 
 ISTTi 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 0/ , < 
 
 O 
 
 . O 
 
 
 o 
 
 >$ 
 
 0/(tH«aston-Orople Mind 
 
 rrirnit ar&sj&ct 
 iitpatne* wine 
 
 ^OjfrSttirimit gro*ftect 
 
 
 O ^ 
 
 
 .,o 
 
 Bcse odopted from US G S I ■ 250,000 Seward quodiongle 
 
 Seal e , miles 
 Contour interval, 200ft 
 
 LEGEND 
 O Known mineral deposit 
 # Major deposit discussed in report 
 Mineralized dike 
 
 I 
 
 N 
 
 FIGURE 22.— Locations of important lode gold deposits in Summit Lake-Palmer Creek area. 
 

 39 
 
 Bom adopted from U.S.G.S. S«ward(C-7) 1 : 63,360 guodronglt 
 
 FIGURE 23.— Sample Location map for Gilpatrick Mine and Summit Vein prospect. 
 
 surface of the dike, due to a south fold rather than 
 fault displacement, a crosscut into the footwall 
 near the face of the tunnel has been started. The 
 ore bodies occur as curved lenses alongside the 
 Gilpatrick dike and in south plunging structures 
 formed by the south folding of the dike in the slate 
 graywacke sediments. 
 
 The mill has been nearly completely refurnished 
 since its original construction two years ago. Two 
 Fairbanks Morse diesel engines, one 25 hp and the 
 other 15 hp, furnish power via belt to the main 
 shaft line. The ore is trammed from the mine to 
 the mill via a 3,000 ft aerial gravity tram with 
 7/8-inch cable, 5/8-inch carrier cable, and 700 lb 
 buckets. Thence it is dumped into a 26-ton ore bin 
 
 which feeds a 9 x 12-inch Denver crusher with 
 fines passing through a 1/2 inch rod grizzly to a 
 65-ton ore bin below. From this ore bin a Gibson 
 rotary feeder supplies material for the 25-ton 
 Denver Equipment ball mill. The mill grinds to 
 40-mesh and the flow is pumped with a centrifugal 
 Denver sand pump to a Denver Equipment jig 
 located above the ball mill in which 70 percent of 
 the gold is recovered in a concentrate which is 
 amalgamated in an amalgam barrel. The oversize 
 from the mill is fed to a Denver Equipment rake 
 type classifier with overflow passing over a 30-inch 
 x 6-ft plate and oversize returning to mill circuit. 
 The overflow from the jig passes over a 30-inch x 
 6-ft plate and into the classifier. 
 
40 
 
 Considerable development work must have occurred 
 after Roehm's visit, because a total of 846 oz Au and 249 
 oz Ag was produced after 1941 (68). 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 Mineralized veins at the Gilpatrick Mine are hosted by 
 Valdez Group slate and graywacke and the Gilpatrick dike. 
 Tuck (65) described the Gilpatrick dike and pertinent struc- 
 tural relationships in some detail: 
 
 The dike ranges in width from 1 to 12 feet, with 
 an average of 4 to 5 feet. It is best exposed in the 
 lower tunnel. Here it lies in slate, the cleavage of 
 which strikes north to N15°E and dips 65°-85°E. 
 The trend of the dike, which stands vertical, is 
 closely parallel to the cleavage of the slate but in 
 general is a few degrees east of north. The dike is 
 cut by a number of transverse faults that cut across 
 it in a direction N60 °E and with a dip from 75 °NW 
 to vertical. Along these transverse faults the move- 
 ment has invariably been the same, so in drifting 
 on the dike and finding it offset, a good general 
 rule is to turn to the right along the fault surface. 
 The relative movement has been such that the 
 north block has moved down and to the right in 
 respect to the south block. In some places where 
 slickensided surfaces indicated a purely vertical 
 movement, the offset to the right can be explained 
 only by assuming that the dike has a steep west 
 dip. The horizontal component of the movement 
 where actually observed is from a few inches to 15 
 feet. 
 
 In addition to these transverse faults there are 
 numerous faults that parallel the dike, as in many 
 places there is several inches of gouge between the 
 dike and the wall rock, and both faces may be 
 highly polished from the movement. Between the 
 lower and middle tunnels there are probably 
 several transverse faults, as the position of the dike 
 is considerably to the right of the point where it 
 should be expected if the strike of the lower tun- 
 nel were projected. The middle tunnel as observed 
 at the portal trends N7 ° W and has been driven in 
 massive graywacke. 
 
 At the upper tunnel the dike strikes about north 
 and shows a width of at least 10 feet. The west wall 
 has more the character of graywacke. The dike is 
 cut again here by faults that strike N45°-60°E and 
 stand about vertical. 
 
 Associated with the dike and in general parallel 
 with it are quartz veins, 2 to 12 inches in width. 
 At some places these veins lie at the contact of the 
 dike and the country rock; elsewhere they may be 
 separated from the contact by 2 to 10 feet of slate 
 or graywacke. The dike itself has been highly frac- 
 tured in many places, and the fractures have been 
 filled with vein material. The fractures may be ir- 
 regular but more commonly have a similar orien- 
 tation, suggesting that the deformation of the dike 
 is due to a regional stress. The veins and veinlets 
 in the dike range in width from a fraction of an 
 inch to 8 or 10 inches; they do not extend from the 
 dike into the country rock but terminate abruptly 
 and are apparently due to the greater brittleness 
 of the dike rock in comparison with the country 
 rock. 
 
 The vein filling is predominantly quartz with 
 small amounts of calcite. Contemporaneous with 
 the quartz are small amounts of arsenopyrite, 
 pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and free gold. The 
 massive dike rock contains many well-formed 
 crystals of arsenopyrite. The fracturing of the dike 
 has been highly erratic, and the amount of quartz 
 filling varies greatly from place to place. In some 
 places the dike may contain as much as 35 percent 
 vein material; in others it may be massive and 
 blocky with negligible quartz. 
 
 The valuable minerals are in the quartz stringers 
 and veinlets, but the richness is not proportional 
 to the amount of quartz. The tenor is very erratic, 
 although in places free gold is easily visible. Only 
 very thorough sampling as well as systematic 
 development could determine the feasibility of 
 mining the dike. 
 
 A northwest-striking vein containing visible gold occurs 
 above the upper-level portal, indicating that structures in 
 addition to those described above should be examined. This 
 vein parallels the Summit Vein. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Surface and subsurface sampling (4429, 4719-4720, 
 4783, 5361, 5646-5649, and 7191) and sketch mapping were 
 done in 1980 and 1981. The lower two adits were caved and 
 inaccessible. The upper level was open and was sketched 
 in order to show structural relationships, geology, and sam- 
 ple site locations (fig. 24). Quantitative data available for 
 10 samples collected from the Gilpatrick claims are listed 
 in the appendix. The samples contained up to 8.5 oz/st Au 
 and 3.2 oz/st Ag. Visible gold is readily found in quartz 
 specimens collected from the dumps and from the northwest- 
 striking vein exposed above the portal of the upper level 
 (sample 5649). 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 Sampling indicated the presence of an identified 
 resource of 2,000 st with a weighted-average grade of 0.89 
 oz/st Au and 0.65 oz/st Ag. This estimate is based upon a 
 strike length of 470 ft, a thickness of 0.5 ft, a depth of 100 
 ft, and a tonnage factor of 12. However, there is not enough 
 information available to allow meaningful resource calcula- 
 tions for this property. Due to its production history, the 
 presence of visible gold in exposed quartz, and high assays 
 obtained to date, additional exploration is warranted. The 
 caved workings should be opened, mapped, and sampled; 
 and drilling should be used to determine the amount of vein 
 offset along the right-lateral structure mapped in the up- 
 per level and to determine whether significant enough 
 quantity and quality of mineralization remains to warrant 
 additional development. Based upon available information, 
 this property has high mineral development potential. 
 
 Summit Vein Prospect 
 
 The Summit Vein prospect is about 1 mile west of the 
 Seward Highway near the crest of the divide between Slate 
 and Summit Creeks at an elevation of 3,400 ft (figs. 22-23). 
 
-.-' 
 
 41 
 
 5647, 4783 
 
 Kv 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 I- . .' 1 Gilpatrick dike 
 
 Quartz vein, showing dip 
 
 estteo Shear zone, showing dip, relative horizontal 
 
 ■ l ^c vr-cv . component of movement, and plunge of slickensides 
 
 Vertical contact between dike and Cretaceous 
 Valdez Group 
 
 X5649 Sample site 
 
 10 
 
 Scale, ft 
 
 Portal el 3,400 f 
 
 FIGURE 24.— Sample location map for upper level of Gilpatrick Dike Mine 
 
 History 
 
 No mention of this prospect was made in the literature 
 until Tuck (65) visited it in 1931. Apparently the vein was 
 prospected along with several other veins in the area dur- 
 ing development of the Gilpatrick Mine. No production has 
 been recorded from this deposit, although small quantities 
 of ore may have been processed by the Gilpatrick Mine 
 owners. Trenching and pitting have occurred at the 
 southeast and northwest ends of the vein. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 Mineralization consists of a quartz-carbonate vein 
 averaging 12 to 14 in thick over a strike length of at least 
 235 ft. The vein strikes N30°W and dips steeply to the 
 northeast. The quartz is locally vuggy and contains galena, 
 arsenopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, and gold. Free gold is pres- 
 ent and can be panned from crushed quartz. The host rock 
 is Valdez Group slate and graywacke and shows con- 
 siderable folding in the area. Axial plane cleavage strikes 
 N20°E and dips vertically. Bedding is locally apparent with 
 north to northeast strikes and variable dips from to 90 ° 
 where it has been dragged along longitudinal faults strik- 
 ing N20°E. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Surface sampling was done in 1980 and 1981. Ten 
 samples (4781-4782, 4784-4787, 5650-5652, and 5683) col- 
 
 lected by the Bureau contained up to 5.15 oz/st Au and 3.5 
 oz/st Ag (appendix). The sample locations are shown on 
 figure 23. Grades appear to be highest on the northwest end 
 of the vein and to diminish to the southeast. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 Based upon surface sampling, an identified resource of 
 3,400 st with a weighted-average grade of 2.4 oz/st Au and 
 1.6 oz/st Ag occurs at this deposit. This estimate is based 
 upon a strike length of 260 ft, a thickness of 1.2 ft, a depth 
 of 130 ft, and a tonnage factor of 12. This deposit could easily 
 be developed in conjunction with veins located at the 
 Gilpatrick Mine. The Summit Vein prospect has high 
 mineral development potential. Additional exploration, in- 
 cluding surface trenching and sampling and detailed map- 
 ping, is warranted. 
 
 Heaston-Oracle Mine 
 
 The Heaston-Oracle Mine is on Summit Creek about 1 
 mile west of the Seward Highway between elevations of 
 1,800 and 3,500 ft (figs. 22-25). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 Robert B. Heaston discovered the Heaston-Oracle Vein 
 in 1921 (48) and completed minor development work 
 between 1921 and 1929, when the mill site and two claims 
 
42 
 
 S 
 
 Johnson Cab^t J| 
 
 4774-6, 5665 
 
 
 J J 
 
 LEGEND 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 »_ Adit, caved 
 
 X4777 Sample site 
 
 1050 2100 
 I I 
 
 Scale, ft 
 Contour interval. 500 ft 
 
 I U.S.G.S. SawordfC-7) I 63,360 quOdfongK 
 
 FIGURE 25.— Sample location map for Oracle Mine. 
 
 were patented. The Alaska Oracle Corp. was established 
 in 1930 and commenced extensive development work and 
 construction of a mill. Minor production and considerable 
 sampling were completed in 1931. Ralph Reed optioned the 
 property in 1935, continued development work, and con- 
 structed a new mill. Production records are incomplete, but 
 apparently production occurred during 1921 to 1922, 1937 
 to 1941, and again in the late 1940's to early 1950's. Total 
 recorded production was 1,274 oz Au and 256 oz Ag, with 
 grades averaging between 1 and 2 oz/st Au. 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 The main workings consist of a 900-ft crosscut, 550 ft 
 of drift, 215 ft of raise, 25 ft of winze, and considerable stop- 
 ing (34). Two caved portals, one on the north side of the creek 
 at 1,800 ft above sea level, 200 ft west of the mill, and the 
 other on the south side of the creek at 1,900 ft above sea 
 level, 1,000 ft west of the mill, were used to access the 
 workings. 
 
 Figure 26 consists of plan and cross-sectional views of 
 the workings compiled from a company mine map prepared 
 by George Nelson (34) in 1931 and development descriptions 
 by Roehm (42, 48) and Tuck (65). Several hundred feet of 
 
 workings on the northern extension of the vein occur on 
 the north side of Summit Creek across from the caved portal 
 to the 1,900-ft level, at elevations between 2,000 and 2,400 
 ft. The portals are caved, so none of these adits could be 
 investigated. Additional prospect pits and trenching occur 
 on the south side of the creek at elevations as high as 3,500 
 ft. The property can be reached from the Seward Highway 
 via an unmaintained mine road which was washed out com- 
 pletely several hundred feet east of the mill site. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 The Heaston-Oracle Vein is hosted by Valdez Group 
 metasediments. Tuck (65) described the geology and 
 mineralogy of the vein as follows: 
 
 The vein strikes N15°E and has an average dip 
 of 60 C W. In width it ranges from a few inches to 
 3 feet, with an average of about 12 to 14-inches 
 over a length of 175 feet on the lower level. The 
 country rock is interbedded slate and graywacke, 
 in which the bedding is usually very obscure on 
 account of the gradation in texture of the slate to 
 
rf*- 
 
 43 
 
 the graywacke. The finer textured phases possess 
 good cleavage, which has a general strike of N15 °E 
 and dips ranging from 60 °W to 80 °E. In a few 
 places where the bedding could be distinguished 
 it is parallel to the cleavage. The graywacke is 
 usually very massive, with only scattered joints. 
 
 The vein occupies a fracture along which move- 
 ment has taken place prior to ore deposition. This 
 fracture in general parallels the structure of the 
 graywacke and slate but here and there deviates 
 from it, so that as a result of the movement along 
 the fracture there is in some places a footwall of 
 graywacke and a hanging wall of slate. It has been 
 thought that these walls determine the position of 
 the vein and that the vein formed at the contact 
 of the slate and graywacke; but this is only a coin- 
 cidence: the position of the vein was determined 
 by the fracture. As shown by both the upper and 
 the lower levels, the south end of the vein takes 
 a flat roll into the footwall, and in the development 
 work this roll was not followed out. The position 
 of the roll on both levels and the development in 
 the north end of the lower level, where the ore 
 pinches out, suggest that the ore shoot has a rake 
 of 20 °-45 °SE. Whether the ore feathers out or con- 
 tinues at the point where it takes the flat roll re- 
 mains to be proved by further development work. 
 
 Slickensides and grooves having the same rake 
 as the ore body were observed on the lower level. 
 On both upper and lower levels footwall stringers 
 are common, particularly in the massive 
 graywacke. These stringers or gash veins have the 
 appearance of quartz-filled tension fractures, and 
 their position confirms the impression gained from 
 the fault surfaces that the premineral movement 
 was such that the hanging wall moved to the ore 
 shoot. 
 
 Not all the movement occurred prior to the 
 mineralization, as is shown by the slickensided and 
 sheared quartz. The postmineral movement has 
 been in general parallel or closely parallel to the 
 vein, as no transverse faults were observed. The 
 weathering of the vein material has proceeded to 
 depths of 50 to 75 feet below the surface, so that 
 the quartz is very friable and iron-stained. 
 
 The minerals contained are arsenopyrite, pyrite, 
 galena, and sphalerite, named in decreasing order 
 of abundance, but in total they probably form only 
 0.5 percent of the ore. The gangue mineral is 
 chiefly quartz with small amounts of calcite. The 
 pyrite is usually well crystallized and commonly 
 impregnates the wall rock for a few inches. The 
 galena is fine grained and is disseminated in the 
 quartz. The arsenopyrite is commonly euhedral 
 and as a rule is confined to fractures in the quartz. 
 The sphalerite is very scant and is of the fer- 
 ruginous variety. Chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and 
 molybdenite have also been reported. Gold occurs 
 both free and with sulfides. Free gold is difficult 
 to find in hand specimens, as it is apparently very 
 fine. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Surface sampling was done in 1980 and 1981. Quan- 
 titative data available for six samples (4774-4778 and 5665) 
 collected from the Heaston-Oracle Mine by Bureau crews 
 
 are listed in the appendix. The sample locations are shown 
 in figures 25 and 26. Sample 4774, a chip sample collected 
 across an 8-in-thick exposure above the collapsed 1,900-ft 
 portal on the south side of Summit Creek, assayed 1.64 oz/st 
 Au and 0.71 oz/st Ag. Selected samples of the vein were 
 found to contain visible specks of gold, generally less than 
 0.03 in diameter, as well as arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, 
 sphalerite, molybdenite, and minor chalcopyrite. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 Extensive sampling of the vein in the 1,800- and 1,900-ft 
 levels (fig. 26) by the Alaska Oracle Corp. in 1930 indicated 
 that values averaged approximately 2 oz/st Au over a vein 
 length of 150 ft, a depth of 110 ft, and a thickness of 14 in 
 (34). Considerable stoping is reported to have occurred be- 
 tween the two levels during the 1937-41 production period, 
 which likely resulted in the removal of the majority of those 
 resources. However, there is no information indicating that 
 the portion of the ore shoot which reportedly continues 
 below the 1,800-ft level was ever developed. 
 
 Based upon recorded mine history, the indicated grade 
 of the vein, and possible continuation of the vein at depth, 
 additional evaluation of the property appears to be war- 
 ranted. In 1984, the crosscut was reopened to allow 
 systematic sampling of the remaining vein exposed in the 
 old workings. Drilling is needed to ascertain whether the 
 vein continues at depth and to evaluate the characteristics 
 of the host rocks. Further development should include the 
 sinking of a shaft (inclined or vertical) in order to gain ac- 
 cess to and develop lower levels on the vein. However, the 
 extreme avalanche hazard near the current surface ex- 
 posure of the vein should be considered prior to develop- 
 ment activities. Avalanches probably accounted for use of 
 the 900-ft crosscut to reach the vein, since this access al- 
 lowed the portal to be located near the mill, where the least 
 avalanche hazard exists. This deposit has high mineral 
 development potential. 
 
 Hirshey-Lucky Strike Mine 
 
 This mine is near the head of Palmer Creek. The mill 
 site is at an elevation of 2,200 ft, on the east side of the 
 creek; and the workings are at an elevation between 3,200 
 and 3,400 ft, 0.75 mile south of the mill (fig. 22). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 John Hirshey originally discovered the deposit in 1911. 
 He operated the mine from 1911 through 1921 using a 
 1-stamp mill (47). The Alaska Mining Co. purchased the 
 mine in 1922, constructed a road from Hope to the mine, 
 and installed a 5-stamp mill with a jaw crusher, wilfley 
 table, and amalgamation plates. Following several years 
 of production, the mine reverted to Hirshey in 1927 (47). 
 Sporadic production occurred under his management 
 through 1939. A cyanide plant was installed to rework the 
 tailings in 1931, but the venture proved unprofitable (65). 
 No development work has occurred since 1940. Total re- 
 corded production is 6,094 oz Au and 4,699 oz Ag from 6,310 
 st of ore (table 12). Production records may be incomplete. 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 Three working levels at elevations of 3,200, 3,300, and 
 3,400 ft were used to develop the mine. Currently, all levels 
 are mostly inaccessible due to caving and/or icing conditions 
 
44 
 
 PLAN VIEW 
 
 North drift 
 
 Main crosscut / \ 
 el 1,800 ft, I 
 
 length 919 ft \*~ 
 
 CROSS SECTION A-A' 
 
 With drifts and stopes projected 
 
 to the planes of the cross section 
 
 South drift 
 
 Kv 
 
 _i 
 
 North drift 
 LEGEND 
 
 Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 Approximate limits of known stoping 
 
 — • — Approximate limits of ore shoot 
 
 '...:. %S£'V Caved portal 
 
 =i Adit 
 
 & Raise 
 
 4774-6 
 
 X4774 Sample s 
 
 ite 
 
 FIGURE 26.— Map of Oracle Mine workings. 
 
ff 
 
 45 
 
 Table 12.— Recorded gold-silver production 
 from Hirshey-Lucky Strike Mine 
 
 Year 
 
 Ore, st 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 oz 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag 
 
 1914 
 
 38 
 
 95 
 
 30 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 150 
 
 e 300 
 
 e 250 
 
 e 800 
 
 e 120 
 
 e 314 
 
 450 
 
 e 746 
 
 e 600 
 
 934 
 
 800 
 
 NA 
 
 NA 
 
 212 
 
 84 
 
 150 
 
 37 
 
 394 
 
 361 
 
 94 
 
 133 
 
 139 
 
 335 
 
 169 
 
 345 
 
 643 
 
 218 
 
 761 
 
 114 
 
 212 
 
 328 
 
 746 
 
 307 
 
 412 
 
 145 
 
 105 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 28 
 
 65 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1915 
 
 NA 
 
 1916 . 
 
 4 
 
 1917 
 
 55 
 
 1918 . . 
 
 100 
 
 1919 
 
 186 
 
 1920 
 
 131 
 
 1921 . . 
 
 276 
 
 1922 
 
 514 
 
 1923 
 
 1,829 
 
 1924 
 
 906 
 
 1925 
 
 65 
 
 1926 
 
 78 
 
 1 928 
 
 94 
 
 1 929 
 
 186 
 
 1 930 
 
 112 
 
 1931 
 
 100 
 
 1932 
 
 NA 
 
 1933 
 
 NA 
 
 1934 
 
 NA 
 
 1935 
 
 12 
 
 1936 
 
 11 
 
 1938 
 
 24 
 
 1939 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 6,310 
 
 6,094 
 
 4,699 
 
 "Estimate. 
 
 NA Not available. 
 
 
 
 which occur within a few feet of the portals. Figure 27 is 
 
 a sketch of the mine workings as they existed in 1931 (65). 
 
 Tuck (65) described the mine in 1931 as follows: 
 
 The underground workings consist of three levels 
 at vertical intervals of 100 feet. At the present time 
 the upper tunnel, which lies about 30 feet below 
 the discovery, has caved to a point within 30 feet 
 of the portal, and therefore the greater part is in- 
 accessible. The middle tunnel, about 500 feet in 
 length, is in good condition and is used only for ven- 
 tilation and safety, as practically all of the ground 
 between the upper and middle levels has been 
 stoped. The lower tunnel is the present working 
 tunnel, and nearly all of the ground above it has 
 been stoped. The underground work at present con- 
 sists of development on the east face of the lower 
 level and the stoping of the few remaining blocks 
 above it. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 The country rock is Valdez Group slate, the cleavage 
 of which has a strike ranging from north to N35°E, with 
 a dip of 60° to 80 °E. Near the surface, the slate may show 
 an inclination as low as 40 °E, owing to surface creep. Bed- 
 ding in the slate was not visible underground. The only 
 place bedding was observed was at the portal of the lower 
 tunnel, where it had been accented by weathering. It was 
 folded at that location, but in general was horizontal to 
 gently dipping. 
 
 Tuck (65) discussed the geologic setting in detail: 
 
 The vein occurs in a curving and branching frac- 
 ture that cuts across the cleavage of the slate at 
 approximately right angles, so that the strike of 
 the vein ranges from N45°W to west. The dip of 
 the vein ranges from 20 °N on the west end of the 
 middle level to 75 °NE on the east end. The average 
 inclination is about 40 °N. The width of the vein 
 
 ranges from a few inches to 5 ft, with an average 
 of about 18 inches. On the lower level the vein is 
 about 300 feet long, but it is not all minable. On 
 the middle level it is about 350 feet long, but here 
 also it is not all ore. The stoping length on both 
 the lower and middle levels is about 200 feet. 
 Measurements on the upper level were not 
 available, but it is probable that the length was 
 somewhat less, owing to the slope of the hill, as 
 on the upper level the vein crops out and a portion 
 has been eroded, whereas, on the lower level and 
 probably also the middle level the vein pinches out 
 before reaching the surface. This is due not only 
 to the slope of the hill but also to the fact that the 
 ore shoot rakes to the northeast. On both the mid- 
 dle and the lower levels the vein curves, and the 
 apex of the curve occurs in the middle of the shoot, 
 so that structurally it has the appearance of a 
 plunging nose. This curvature appears to increase 
 in depth, and it is probable that the vein may split 
 into two, there is a suggestion of this on the lower 
 level, where the vein splits at the apex of the curve. 
 On the dip of the vein developments have proved 
 a distance of 350 feet, with ore still showing in the 
 bottom of the lower level. Vertically, this means 
 a proved depth of about 250 feet. 
 
 Associated with the vein is considerable gouge, 
 sheared slate, and in a few places a vein breccia. 
 Considerable postmineral movement has taken 
 place, but this has been in the nature of small 
 faults parallel to the vein, which have sheared the 
 vein material, forming considerable gouge between 
 the vein and the country rock, and at places have 
 sheared the slate as well as the quartz. In a few 
 places the movement has caused slicing in the vein 
 closely parallel to the walls, giving it a greater 
 width, but elsewhere it has caused pinching, mak- 
 ing the vein exceedingly difficult to follow and 
 greatly increasing the cost of the development. The 
 walls are usually well-defined, and the ore breaks 
 clean from them. In a few places both footwall and 
 hangingwall stringers are abundant. In several 
 places irregular masses of what appears to be a dif- 
 ferent quartz intercept the veins and increase the 
 cost of development, as they carry little gold. 
 
 The mineralogy of the vein is typical of the 
 district. The vein material consists chiefly of quartz 
 with small amounts of calcite and ankerite. The 
 metallic minerals, in order of abundance, are 
 arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and free 
 gold with the arsenopyrite greatly in excess of the 
 others. The proportion of sulfides to vein quartz 
 varies greatly from place to place, ranging from 
 a fraction of 1 pet to as much as 20 percent, the 
 average being about 2 percent. The gold occurs 
 both free and combined with the sulfides, but there 
 does not seem to be any direct relation between the 
 amount of the sulfides and gold— in fact, the richer 
 portions of the vein have the smaller percentage 
 of sulfides. 
 
 The gold is almost entirely in the vein material. 
 In some of the richer portions of the vein the 
 wallrock may carry some gold but in general not 
 enough to warrant mining. Assays are as high as 
 several hundred dollars to the ton and usually are 
 highest where the vein has a width of 6 to 12 
 inches. It has been said that the upper level and 
 
46 
 
 the discovery cut contained very rich ore, portions 
 of which averaged several hundred dollars to the 
 ton. It was rich enough to make a profit with a 
 1-stamp mill before a road was put into the district, 
 when handling of the ore several times from the 
 mine to the mill was necessary. It is probable that 
 the ore mined from the lower level averages around 
 $40 a ton, although portions running much less 
 than this have been unstoped. In a few places 
 where the footwall stringers are abundant $3 to 
 $5 channel samples have been obtained from 4 ft 
 wide widths of quartz stringers and slate. As 
 elsewhere, the mineralization has been erratic, and 
 close sampling is necessary, although in general 
 the oxidized and sheared quartz, which can be eas- 
 ily identified with the eye, is found to carry the 
 most gold. 
 
 Figure 5 is a photograph of the Lucky Strike vein where 
 it is exposed in a small raise located in the upper level. The 
 vein is banded in appearance, 18 in thick, and strikes east- 
 west with a dip of 60° to the north. Assays exceeding 1 oz/st 
 Au have been collected from this location by the USGS (29, 
 65-66); Roehm (47), of the Alaska Territorial Department 
 of Mines; and the Bureau (samples 5639-5643). 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 During 1981, the Bureau sampled the accessible por- 
 tions of the lower and upper levels of the mine (fig. 27). Five 
 samples (5639-5643) contained up to 99 ppm Au and 65 ppm 
 Ag (appendix). 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 An identified resource of 2,100 st with a weighted- 
 average grade of 1.25 oz/st Au and 0.65 oz/st Ag occurs be- 
 tween the lower and upper levels of the mine. This estimate 
 was made using a strike length of 75 ft, a thickness of 1.1 
 ft, a known depth of 300 ft, and a tonnage factor of 12. Due 
 to the inaccessibility of the workings, it was not possible 
 to obtain meaningful estimates of the mineral resources re- 
 maining in the mine. Based upon Tuck's description (65), 
 it appears unlikely that significant tonnages of high-grade 
 ore are accessible from existing workings. However, Tuck 
 (65) pointed out that 
 
 The mineral associations would suggest that 
 there is an excellent chance of continuation in 
 depth if suitable structural conditions exist. The 
 fractures in the district are as a rule very erratic 
 and do not persist over any great length or depth, 
 although in general the depth exceeds the length. 
 
 A drilling program would be required to test the possibil- 
 ity of an extension at depth. Mineralization of lower grade 
 (less than 0.3 oz/st Au) may not have been stoped and could 
 exist in the current workings. The deposit has high mineral 
 development potential. 
 
 Nearhouse Mine 
 
 The Nearhouse Mine is on the south side of the divide 
 between Palmer and Bear Creeks at elevations between 
 2,800 and 3,100 ft (fig. 22). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 This property was discovered by I. Nearhouse in 1925 
 (49). The first reference to this property in the literature 
 was by Tuck (65) in 1931. He reported that considerable 
 prospecting of the vein had preceded his visit. J. D. Bazard 
 optioned the property in 1935 and formed the Gold Mint 
 Mining Co. (49). Some development occurred over the next 
 few years. The property was optioned by D wight Whiting 
 and Carl Beal in 1940 for $35,000 (42). Roehm (42) reported 
 that a bunkhouse, shed, and 200 ft of drifting were con- 
 structed in 1941. An estimated 3,000 st of mineralized 
 material has been removed from the mine. This material 
 should have averaged 0.5 oz/st Au and up to 1 oz/st Ag, 
 based upon early assays. However, total recorded produc- 
 tion was 102 oz Au and 3 oz Ag from 22 st of ore mined from 
 1937 to 1939. 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 A partially overgrown trail leads from Palmer Creek 
 Road to a collapsed building at an elevation of 2,800 ft. A 
 35-ft adit and a 450-ft adit with an 80-ft winze occur at eleva- 
 tions of 3,050 ft and 3,100 ft, respectively (fig. 28). Some 
 equipment, including a compressor, remains on the site. 
 Dynamite and caps have been left in the west drift of the 
 3,100-ft level. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 The Nearhouse vein is bosted by Valdez Group rocks 
 consisting of well-bedded, slightly metamorphosed siltstone 
 and sandstone with a strike of N15°E and a dip of 60 °W 
 at the portal of the 3,100-ft level. These rocks contain abun- 
 dant sedimentary features, suggesting that the bedding is 
 overturned. Felsic dikes occur nearby on the surface, and 
 one was intercepted in the east drift. 
 
 The mineralization consists of a banded and brecciated 
 quartz vein averaging 20 in thick along the developed por- 
 tion of the drift. The vein strikes N50° to 80 °W and dips 
 60° to 90 °N. The banding is dark gray and is believed to 
 be carbonaceous material. Metallic minerals include small 
 amounts of arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and 
 gold, collectively making up less than 0.5 pet of the vein 
 material. The vein is cut off at both ends by transverse (left- 
 lateral) faults. However, the vein has good continuity to the 
 surface and to a depth of over 80 ft in the winze. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Surface and subsurface sampling and some mapping in 
 conjunction with USGS personnel were done in 1980 and 
 1981. Twenty -four samples (4436, 4755-4769, 5610, and 
 5801-5807) contained up to 15 ppm Au and 0.5 oz/st Ag (ap- 
 pendix). The locations for samples collected in the 3,050- 
 and 3,100-ft levels are shown on figure 28. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 An identified resource of 6,400 st grading 0.2 oz/st Au 
 and 0.3 oz/st Ag occurs at the Nearhouse Mine. This 
 estimate is based upon a strike length of 250 ft, a thickness 
 of 1.7 ft, a known depth of 180 ft, and a tonnage factor of 
 12. The average grade is low, but potential for additional 
 resources in the area exists. The Nearhouse Mine has 
 moderate mineral development potential. Additional work 
 is recommended, including geologic mapping at a large 
 scale, surface trenching, sampling, and drilling. 
 
47 
 
 lS5 
 
 y 
 
 1- 
 
 % 
 
 Kv 
 
 % 
 
 5639 
 
 \\ 
 
 Kv 
 
 ^r— Caved 
 W 
 
 V\ 
 
 /. 
 
 M 
 
 sCio ! I 
 ■ T-'v Caved 1 .' I '. • -.'•v'WL, 
 
 ■ ■■ (/ N 
 
 ■\\ 
 
 ,n Folded brecciated 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 » • « » Quartz vein 
 
 {.■ > Potential ore 
 
 Fault, showing dip 
 
 •vww. Shear zone 
 
 ss „ Fold, showing attitude of axial plane and 
 plunge of axis 
 
 -l!? Strike and dip of bedding 
 
 . SJ Strike and dip of joints 
 
 Raise 
 
 <%%\ st °P e 
 
 =:=::- Adit el 3,200 ft 
 
 ==-.=:=: Adit el 3,300 ft 
 
 : Adit el 3,400 ft 
 
 X5639 Sample site 
 
 25 50 75 
 
 I I 1 
 
 -J. 5 Strike and dip of foliation 
 
 FIGURE 27.— Sample locations map for Hirshey-Lucky Strike Mine. 
 
48 
 
 ADIT A 
 
 rtz vein ranges from 2 in to 1 ft in width 
 
 Scale, ft 
 
 5801-5 
 
 476i-2,4764 r 5\ winze is 
 
 80 ft deep 
 
 Scale, ft 
 
 FIGURE 28.— Sample location map for Nearhouse Mine. 
 
-- 
 
 49 
 
 Mineralized Dikes 
 
 Palmer Creek Dike 
 
 The only intrusive rocks in the Summit Lake-Palmer 
 Creek area are fine-grained felsic dikes that parallel folia- 
 tion in the Valdez Group but are locally discordant to both 
 foliation and bedding. Potassium-argon ages of approx- 
 imately 53 m.y. were obtained from two hydrothermally 
 altered and mineralized dikes in the Summit Lake-Palmer 
 Creek area (30). These dikes are typically narrow, averag- 
 ing less than 4 ft thick, but have been traced for distances 
 up to 11 miles along strike. 
 
 Fresh samples of these dikes appear greenish in hand 
 specimen. They tend to become buff-colored upon weather- 
 ing and spotted with hematite or limonite stains due to 
 weathering of contained iron sulfides. 
 
 Compositionally the dikes are either tonalite, 
 granodiorite, or alkali granite (30). Plagioclase feldspar is 
 the most common constituent, followed by quartz, chlorite, 
 and calcite. The quartz occurs as a primary mineral, and 
 additional quartz has also been introduced along with 
 calcite as veins and replacement masses (65). Portions of 
 the dikes contain arsenopyrite. Galena, sphalerite, pyrite, 
 chalcopyrite, stibnite, and gold occur locally in the secon- 
 dary quartz-carbonate veins and replacement masses. 
 
 The Gilpatrick and Palmer Creek dikes deserve further 
 discussion because of their potential for providing large- 
 tonnage, low-grade resources and locally high-grade 
 mineralization. 
 
 Gilpatrick Dike 
 
 The Gilpatrick dike can be traced for 11 miles from Slate 
 Creek on the south to Donaldson Creek on the north (fig. 
 22). The average width is estimated to be 6 ft, but the width 
 is known to exceed 15 ft locally. The dike is most exposed 
 at the Gilpatrick Mine, on the divide between Summit and 
 Colorado Creek, and on the divide between Pass and 
 Frenchy Creeks. 
 
 The Gilpatrick dike is hosted by Valdez Group rocks and 
 is highly fractured with locally occurring mineralized 
 quartz-carbonate veins up to 8 in thick in the fractures. 
 These veins contain arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, 
 and gold. Deposits developed along the dike include the 
 Gilpatrick Mine and the Colorado, Shell, and Gilpatrick pro- 
 spects (fig. 22). Of these, only the Gilpatrick Mine has 
 recorded production. 
 
 Data from 16 samples of mineralized dike rock and 
 nearby quartz veins collected from the Colorado, Shell, and 
 Gilpatrick prospects are included in the appendix. Samples 
 collected from the Shell prospect, containing up to 10.7 ppm 
 Au and 13 ppm Ag, are not representative of the dike; they 
 reflect the presence of adjacent locally higher grade gold- 
 quartz veins. Similarly, a grab sample of mineralized quartz 
 (4788) containing 14.5 ppm Au and 830 ppm Ag, collected 
 from the dump of the Gilpatrick prospect, reflects the 
 presence of locally high-grade mineralization but is not 
 representative of the dike as a whole. Three samples of dike 
 rock (4413, 5682 A, and 5682B) collected at the Gilpatrick 
 prospect contained up to 0.66 ppm Au and 7.4 ppm Ag. 
 Although the grades of the dike are low, the potential ton- 
 nage is high. The Gilpatrick dike is estimated to contain 
 an identified resource of 14 million st grading 0.02 oz/st Au 
 and 0.2 oz/st Ag. This estimate is based upon a strike length 
 of 56,000 ft, a thickness of 6 ft, a depth of 500 ft, and a ton- 
 nage factor of 12. The Gilpatrick dike has low to moderate 
 mineral development potential as a large-tonnage, low- 
 grade gold-silver mine. 
 
 The Palmer Creek dike can be traced for a distance of 
 6 miles from the Palmer Creek Glacier on the south to the 
 headwaters of Cub Creek on the north (fig. 22). This dike 
 is most exposed in the vicinity of the Teddy Bear and Kenai 
 Star prospects and along the hill slope between the two 
 deposits (fig. 22). 
 
 The dike strikes N15 °E and dips 65 °SE in Valdez Group 
 slate and graywacke. Its average thickness is estimated to 
 be 3 ft, but locally the dike is more than 8 ft thick. The dike 
 rock is highly fractured, with numerous quartz-carbonate 
 veins up to 6 in thick occupying the fractures. Arsenopyrite, 
 chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and minor gold are present 
 in the quartz-carbonate vein fracture fillings. 
 
 Several deposits are spatially related to the dike. These 
 include the Hirshey -Lucky Strike Mine and the Teddy Bear 
 and Kenai Star prospects (fig. 22). Of these, the Hirshey- 
 Lucky Strike Mine was a notable gold and silver producer 
 with high-grade quartz ore. Six samples collected from the 
 Teddy Bear (4431 and 7156) and Kenai Star (4433-4435 and 
 4451) prospects contain up to 5.1 ppm Au and 2.2 ppm Ag 
 (appendix). 
 
 The Palmer Creek Dike contains an identified resource 
 of 4 million st with an estimated grade of 0.03 oz/st Au and 
 0.07 oz/st Ag. This estimate is based upon a strike length 
 of 32,000 ft, a thickness of 3 ft, a cutoff depth of 500 ft, and 
 a tonnage factor of 12. Although the grade is low, the poten- 
 tial tonnage is high. The Palmer Creek dike has low to 
 moderate mineral development potential as a large-tonnage, 
 low-grade, gold-silver mine. 
 
 GIRDWOOD AREA 
 
 Six lode gold deposits have been identified in the Gird- 
 wood area. Five of these have had recorded production. Two 
 deposits, the Monarch and Jewel mines, are discussed below 
 because of their significant past production and high 
 mineral development potential. The other deposits are sum- 
 marized in a previous report (18). 
 
 Monarch Mine 
 
 The Monarch Mine is approximately 8 miles from Gird- 
 wood near the head and on the east side of Crow Creek 
 valley at elevations between 2,880 and 3,550 ft (fig. 29). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 Conrad Hores originally discovered this deposit in 1909. 
 Considerable development work, which resulted in only 
 minor production, occurred from 1910 to 1912. Clyde Bren- 
 ner relocated the property and transferred it to the Crow 
 Creek Mining Co. in 1926 (64). H. I. Staser leased the prop- 
 erty from the Crow Creek Mining Co. in 1928 but reassigned 
 the property to the Crow Creek Mining Co. the same year. 
 Minor production occurred in 1926 and 1928 using a 
 1-stamp mill, small crusher, and amalgamation plate. The 
 Bruno Augustino Mining Co. leased the property in 1931 
 and commenced mining and development work, including 
 the installation of a larger mill utilizing hydropower and 
 three tram lines (37). Production began in 1933 and con- 
 tinued through 1941 with only a limited quantity of gold 
 being produced subsequent to the mine's closure during the 
 World War II. The mill has burned, so no equipment of value 
 remains on the site. Total recorded production, including 
 that of the Jewel Mine, was 4,933 oz Au and 996 oz Ag (table 
 13). 
 
50 
 
 I49 c 
 
 k A 
 
 ,'.- 
 
 I Bfsd Cr< 
 
 S^tirw'tiJRobMt y 
 
 m4 
 
 Ra«g^< p 
 
 tvfrvr , 
 
 MoU"- 
 
 %ird Pt-^k 
 
 I 
 
 
 r 
 
 o 
 
 y! » ; ■ j." * 
 
 ■*4 
 
 •Jewel Mine 
 
 farttmHtttm 
 
 
 ■$■ 
 
 Hit 
 
 k i 
 
 <r 
 
 m* we 
 
 
 v 
 
 \. 
 
 >A 
 
 kf-IT, 
 
 Base adopted from U.SG.S I 250,000 Anchorage ft Seward quadrangles 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 J 
 
 Scale , miles 
 Contour intervo I, 200 ft 
 
 : 
 
 
 V 
 
 • • C H " 
 
 O Known mineral deposit 
 
 # Major deposit discussed in report 
 
 N 
 
 FIGURE 29.— Locations of important lode gold deposits in Girdwood area. 
 
 Table 13.— Recorded gold-silver production from Monarch 
 and Jewel Mines 
 
 
 Year 
 
 Ore, st 
 
 Recovery, 
 
 oz 
 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag 
 
 1909-12 
 
 
 NA 
 
 Minor 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 209 
 
 917 
 
 1,160 
 
 709 
 
 621 
 
 268 
 
 105 
 
 236 
 
 536 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 23 
 
 Minor 
 
 1926 . 
 
 
 NA 
 
 NA 
 
 1928 
 
 
 NA 
 
 NA 
 
 1933 . . 
 
 
 NA 
 
 NA 
 
 1934 .. . 
 
 
 NA 
 
 5 
 
 1935 . 
 
 
 NA 
 
 221 
 
 1936 . 
 
 
 915 
 
 184 
 
 1 937 . . . 
 
 
 1,247 
 
 234 
 
 1938 
 
 
 512 
 
 117 
 
 1939 . 
 
 
 290 
 
 47 
 
 1940 . . . 
 
 
 321 
 
 108 
 
 1941 . . . 
 
 
 184 
 
 59 
 
 1 942 . . . 
 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 1945 . . 
 
 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 1 947 . . . 
 
 
 27 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total . 
 
 '3,528 
 
 4,933 
 
 996 
 
 NA Not 
 
 available. 
 
 'Since 1935. 
 
 
 
0*- 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 The Monarch Mine was developed on two westerly strik- 
 ing, north-dipping, subparallel veins referred to as the north 
 and south veins. Development in 1937 was reported (50) to 
 have consisted of 950 ft of drift, 125 ft of crosscuts, 52 ft 
 of winze, and 4 raises aggregating 100 ft (fig. 30). The south 
 vein is developed by two levels at elevations of 3,200 and 
 3,300 ft. The lower level is open to the face. The upper level 
 is caved at the portal but can be entered through a stope 
 that intersects the surface. The north vein was developed 
 on two levels, at 3,285 and 3,420 ft, both of which are badly 
 caved. A 60-ft-long adit was developed about 500 ft north 
 of the north vein at an elevation of 3,500 ft to examine a 
 north-striking molybdenum-chalcopyrite-bearing vein. This 
 vein can be traced from the portal of the south vein about 
 750 ft north-northeast to the portal of the 60-ft-long adit 
 (fig. 31). Most of the stoping and production appears to have 
 come from the upper level on the south vein. 
 
 Roehm (50) described the mill equipment and operation 
 as it existed in 1937 as follows: 
 
 The mill machinery consists of a Wheeling jaw 
 crusher, 15-ton Denver quartz mill with inside 
 amalgamation, 40-mesh screens, a 5 x 5-foot 
 amalgam plate, three-quarter size Straub concen- 
 trating table. Contained in the same building is 
 an Ingersoll-Rand single compressor, 12 x 14 
 inches. Both mill and compressor are run by a 
 5-foot Pelton wheel with a 153-foot head. 420 feet 
 of pipe line and several hundred feet of flume lead 
 the water to the Pelton, located on the side of the 
 mill building. A 10-hp Fairbanks Morse gasoline 
 engine is used for auxiliary power. A small air 
 hoist is used on the tram to the Monarch. Three 
 aerial trams are used, two 1500-foot trams to the 
 Monarch north and south veins, and a new 
 2500-foot tram to the Jewell Mine. A new trac- 
 totrac, 20-hp, and a Chevrolet truck comprise the 
 transportation equipment. An Ingersoll-Rand steel 
 sharpener is used in the blacksmith shop. A com- 
 bined mill, power, and blacksmith shop are con- 
 tained in one structure, and a cook house, bunk 
 house and an ore bin and storage structure— the 
 latter at the portals of the two mines, comprise the 
 buildings. A total of five men were employed this 
 season, and the operating season extends from the 
 middle of May until the middle of October. 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 The host rock in the vicinity of the Monarch Mine con- 
 sists of contact metamorphosed Valdez Group rocks intruded 
 by felsic dikes and a granitic stock that is exposed 0.25 mile 
 east of the mine. Foliation dips steeply and strikes north- 
 northeast. Bedding, where discernible, varies in attitude, 
 and the rocks are extensively fractured. These structural 
 complications were apparently created by intrusion of the 
 stock. The bedding, which is near the mine, strikes west 
 and dips 40 °N. Two sets of faults occur in the mine area. 
 In west-striking set of faults, the faults are usually occupied 
 by highly fractured gold-bearing quartz bounded on one or 
 both sides by 0.5 to 3 in of gouge, indicating that some of 
 the deformation postdated the mineralization. The adjacent 
 wall rocks are highly shattered, are commonly greenish in 
 appearance due to the presence of chlorite, and contain con- 
 siderable pyrite and occasional anomalous precious metal 
 
 51 
 
 values. The older, north-striking set of faults hosts 
 molybdenite-chalcopyrite-bearing quartz veins with less 
 gouge along the walls. Park (37) described the two veins 
 developed at the Monarch Mine and the crosscutting veins 
 as follows: 
 
 The south vein ranges in width from 6 inches to 
 about 4 feet, with an average of 9 inches in the tun- 
 nel. The strike is from east to S80°E, and the dip 
 is 55°-70°N. The gangue is either massive or 
 sugary quartz. In some places the vein splits into 
 several nearly parallel stringers, separated by 
 gangue or by sheared and partly oxidized wall rock. 
 The quartz is commonly stained with limonite, and 
 in places scattered spots of sulfides are visible. 
 Many fragments of country rock are isolated in the 
 quartz. 
 
 The north vein strikes about N80°E and dips 
 about 70 °N. Where exposed in the tunnel and in 
 several surface cuts it is from 10 inches to 3 feet 
 wide, with an average of 1 foot. The north vein ap- 
 pears to be somewhat better defined than the south 
 vein and may be traced farther on the surface. 
 
 There are several small crosscutting veins 6 
 inches wide that strike a few degrees west of north 
 and dip either east or west. These crosscutting 
 veins appear to be faulted, and in the lower adit 
 of the old workings the strike swings from due 
 north to N45 °E. The small veins striking north ap- 
 pear to be slightly older than the main north vein, 
 as they are offset along unbroken quartz in the 
 north vein. The junctions of the crosscutting veins 
 with the south vein have not been seen, as they 
 are obscured by a rock slide. The crosscutting veins 
 of the north-south system are very persistent for 
 this district, and one mineralized veinlet 6 to 8 
 inches wide was followed for more than 500 feet. 
 
 Minerals identified in the above described veins include 
 quartz of at least two generations, calcite, galena, chalco- 
 pyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite, 
 and gold. Park (37) reported collecting a sample from one 
 of the crosscutting veins that contained 0.26 pet Mo. Several 
 samples collected from similar veins in 1981 contained up 
 to 600 ppm Mo, usually in association with chalcopyrite. 
 Alteration products include limonite, cerusite, and abun- 
 dant scorodite where arsenopyrite is prominent. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 Extensive sampling and some surface mapping of the 
 Monarch property was done in 1981 and 1982. Subsurface 
 samples were collected where possible, but most of the work- 
 ings are inaccessible (figs. 30-31). Forty-three samples col- 
 lected at the Monarch Mine (5473-5481, 5552-5557, 
 5611-5638, and 5755) contained up to 234 ppm Au and 92 
 ppm Ag (appendix). Two sets of mineralized veins were iden- 
 tified on the property. The north and south veins, which 
 strike westerly and contain gold values, make up one set, 
 and north to northeasterly striking veins containing 
 chalcopyrite and molybdenite with little or no gold values 
 make up the second set. 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 An estimate of the possible resources of this deposit was 
 not made because of the inaccessible nature of the work- 
 
52 
 
 Portal 
 
 el 3>280 ft 
 
 Portal 
 
 el 3,200 ft 
 
 5627 
 
 80 
 
 _l 
 
 Scale, ft 
 Contour interval, 100 ft 
 
 LEGEND 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 *-—.-* Quartz vein, showing dip (dashed where approximate) 
 
 57 
 
 *i# m » Felsic dike, showing dip 
 
 1 T Fault, showing dip 
 
 -i- Strike and dip of bedding 
 
 ===:=: Adit, trace of mine workings 
 
 = ; = ; V Adit, caved (trace of mine workings) 
 
 Winze 
 
 X^^^ Stope 
 
 X5480 Sample site 
 
 FIGURE 30.— Sample location map for Monarch Mine. 
 
■f* 
 
 53 
 
 Fault cuts off shallow-dipping 
 quartz vein 
 
 Shallow-dipping quartz vein 
 exposed along ribs of drift 
 
 ^sQuartz vein in shear cuts off 
 5550 shallow-dipping quartz vein 
 
 Portal el 3,500 ft 
 
 x 5557 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 
 /, 7 f, £ Quartz vein in shear, showing dip 
 u (relative movement) 
 
 » * » » • Quartz vein, showing dip 
 
 t 70 Fault, showing dip (dashed where 
 
 — ~ — approximate) 
 
 Adit 
 
 10 
 
 _i 
 
 Scale, ft 
 
 20 
 
 _J 
 
 Shallow-dipping quartz vein 
 
 Back 
 
 Floor 
 
 Quartz vein in shear* /Fault 
 
 Section A-A' (not to scale) 
 
 x 5556 Sample site 
 
 FIGURE 31.— Sample location map for 3,500-ft level of Monarch Mine. 
 
 ings. However, a down-dip extension of the south vein is 
 likely, as is the strike extension of the north vein. Addi- 
 tional exploration, including surface trenching and sam- 
 pling and geologic mapping, appears to be warranted on 
 both veins. This deposit has high mineral development 
 potential based upon its production history and Bureau 
 sampling. 
 
 Jewel Mine 
 
 The Jewel Mine is 8 miles from Girdwood near the head 
 of Crow Creek, 0.5 mile south of the Monarch veins at an 
 elevation of 3,450 ft (fig. 29). 
 
 History and Production 
 
 The deposit was originally located in 1912 by a Mr. 
 Whitney. It then changed ownership several times over the 
 
 years. John Holmgren purchased the mine at an auction 
 and owned it in 1931, according to Park (37). Development 
 work in 1931 included 50 ft of drifting. Only minor produc- 
 tion had occurred by 1933. The property was sold to Bruno 
 Augustino Mining Co., owners of the Monarch Mine, in 
 1934. A new tram was constructed in 1937 to transport ore 
 from the mine to the mill (50). The Jewel Mine's produc- 
 tion, nearly all of which occurred from 1937 to 1942, is in- 
 cluded in table 13 with that of the Monarch Mine. 
 
 Operating Data 
 
 Underground development consists of 285 ft of drift; 3 
 raises, one of which intercepts the surface 100 ft above the 
 portal; and stoping. Ore was transported via tram to the 
 mill; the tram cable is still present. A flotation circuit was 
 installed at the Monarch mill to process ore from the Jewel 
 Mine because of the high sulfide content. 
 
54 
 
 Geologic Setting 
 
 The country rock near the Jewel Mine portal consists 
 of well-bedded Valdez Group rocks that display a hornfels- 
 like texture resulting from contact metamorphism by a 
 nearby stock. 
 
 Park {37) accurately described the geology as follows: 
 
 The country rock is banded argillite and 
 graywacke with strike and dip the same as the 
 vein, strike S30°E and dip 60 °E. There are 
 numerous intrusions of both medium and fine 
 grained quartz diorite in the vicinity of this pros- 
 pect, especially on the ridge east of it. The vein 
 developed ranges in width from 2 inches to 1 foot 
 and consists of quartz containing massive sulfides. 
 Several other small veins are present on the prop- 
 erty, but no work has been done on any of them. 
 
 Minerals identified in the Jewel vein include arseno- 
 pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite, 
 and gold. Limonite, cerussite, and scorodite occur as oxida- 
 tion products. Two small veins striking north to N15 ° W and 
 dipping 70 °E are exposed just below the portal. These veins 
 contain pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and very minor gold 
 values. 
 
 Bureau Work 
 
 The lower Jewel adit was mapped and sampled in 1981. 
 A bulk sample (7251) of the vein was collected and assayed 
 by the Bureau in 1982. This sample contained 1.58 oz/st 
 Au and 0.62 oz/st Ag. The presence of considerable 
 arsenopyrite (up to 20 pet) might create milling difficulties. 
 Fourteen additional samples (5558-5568, 7227-7228, and 
 7252) contained up to 4.74 oz/st Au and 2.1 oz/st Ag (ap- 
 pendix). The subsurface sample locations are shown on 
 figure 32. 
 
 X7227-8 
 
 Portal el 3,450 ft 
 7251-2 / \55 
 
 Ore chute 
 
 Portal el 3,530 ft 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 Kv Cretaceous Valdez Group 
 Quartz vein, showing dip 
 Felsic dike, showing dip 
 
 52 
 
 30 
 
 55 
 
 — Strike and dip of foliation 
 
 "TT7 st °P e 
 
 =: Adit 
 
 X5565 Sample site 
 
 25 
 
 _1_ 
 
 50 
 I 
 
 Scale, ft 
 
 565 
 
 FIGURE 32.— Sample location map for Jewel Mine. 
 
-.-- 
 
 55 
 
 Resource Assessment 
 
 Bureau sampling identified an indicated resource of 
 3,100 st with a weighted-average grade of 1.75 oz/st Au and 
 0.75 oz/t Ag. This estimate was made using a strike length 
 of 285 ft, a thickness of 0.5 ft, a combined depth of 263 ft 
 
 (including 120 ft above the 3,450 ft-level), and a tonnage 
 factor of 12. The deposit is open at depth. Based upon 
 samples collected, additional exploration, including sam- 
 pling and detailed geologic mapping, is warranted. The 
 Jewel Mine has high mineral development potential. 
 
 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 
 
 The CNF contains numerous small lode gold deposits. 
 These deposits are associated with Valdez Group flysch that 
 has metamorphosed to a middle greenschist facies. Most of 
 the past producers occur in clusters in the Valdez, Port 
 Wells, Moose Pass, Summit Lake-Palmer Creek, and Gird- 
 wood areas. Of the total recorded lode gold production from 
 deposits in and near the CNF (about 132,000 oz), over 58 
 pet (76,180 oz) came from two mines, the Cliff Mine near 
 Valdez and the Granite Mine on Port Wells. Most of the 
 remainder was produced from 14 additional deposits located 
 in the 5 areas listed above. Available data indicate that 14 
 of the deposits discussed in this report contain an identified 
 resource of 117,750 st with a weighted-average grade of 0.55 
 oz/st Au and 0.2 oz/st Ag. 
 
 History and available data suggest that future develop- 
 ment of lode gold deposits will be largely restricted to small, 
 locally high-grade gold-bearing quartz veins similar to those 
 that have produced in the past. Bureau economic feasibil- 
 ity studies suggest that deposits similar in size and grade 
 to those found at the Cliff and Granite Mines would be 
 
 economically feasible to mine at gold prices in the range 
 of $300 to $350 per ounce. Potential also exists for the 
 development of large-tonnage, low-grade resources, such as 
 those exemplified by the Gilpatrick and Palmer Creek dikes 
 on the north-central Kenai Peninsula. Similar dikes occur 
 in many other areas of the CNF but remain unevaluated 
 at this time. 
 
 Further work is recommended to determine if several 
 small deposits such as those clustered in the Moose Pass 
 and Summit Lake-Palmer Creek areas could be feasibly 
 developed simultaneously to contribute a combined tonnage 
 to a small mill (50 to 100 st/d). Detailed geologic mapping 
 should be completed, followed by surface trenching and 
 sampling, and drilling, if warranted. In addition, a 
 systematic sampling program is needed to further evaluate 
 the mineral development potential of the Gilpatrick, Palmer 
 Creek, and other mineralized dikes in the CNF. Additional 
 work is warranted at most of the deposits discussed in this 
 report. Specific recommendations are included in the 
 resource assessment section for each deposit. 
 
56 
 
 REFERENCES 
 
 1. Alaska Department of Natural Resources. Anchorage, 
 Seward, and Blying Sound Quadrangles (Minfile Reference System). 
 Oct., 1984, 3 microfiche. 
 
 2. Barry, M. J. A History of Mining on the Kenai Peninsula, 
 Alaska. Northwest Publ. Co., 1973, 214 pp. 
 
 3. Becker, G. F. Reconnaisance of the Gold Fields of Southern 
 Alaska, With Some Notes on General Geology. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 18th Annu. Rep., pt. 3a, 1898, pp. 1-86. 
 
 4. Boyle, R. W. The Geochemistry of Gold and Its Deposits. Geol. 
 Surv. Can. Bull. 280, 1979, 584 pp. 
 
 5. Brooks, A. H. Gold Deposits Near Valdez. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 Bull. 520-D, 1912, pp. 108-130. 
 
 6. Budnik, R. T. The Geologic History of the Valdez Group, 
 Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Deposition and Deformation of a Late 
 Cretaceous Consumptive Plate Margin. Ph. D. Dissertation, Univ. 
 CA, Los Angeles, CA, 1979, 139 pp. 
 
 7. Burnette, J. G. Report on the Primrose Mine. Kenai Metal 
 Corp., unpubl. rep., 1931, 5 pp.; available from R. B. Hoekzema, 
 BuMines, Anchorage, AK. 
 
 8. Byram, H. F. Report on the Primrose Mine. Unpubl. rep. (by 
 consulting min. eng.), 1932, 10 pp.; available from R. B. Hoekzema, 
 BuMines, Anchorage, AK. 
 
 9. Capps, S. R. The Turnagain-Knik Region. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 Bull. 642-E, 1916, pp. 147-194. 
 
 10. Case, J. W., R. Sikora, R. G. Tysdal, D. F. Barnes, and R. 
 Morin. Geologic Interpretation of Gravity Anomaly Map of the 
 Seward and Blying Sound Quadrangles, Alaska. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 Misc. Field Stud. Map MF-880C, 1979. 
 
 11. Case, J. W., R. G. Tysdal, J. W. Hillhouse, and C. S. Gramme. 
 Aeromagnetic Map and Geologic Interpretation of Aeromagnetic 
 Map of the Seward and Blying Sound Quadrangles, Alaska. U.S. 
 Geol. Surv. Misc. Field Stud. Map MF-880D, 1979. 
 
 12. Fechner, S. A., and M. P. Meyer. Placer Sampling and Related 
 Bureau of Mines Activities in the Sound Study Area of the Chugach 
 National Forest, Alaska. BuMines MLA 62-82, 1982, 25 pp. 
 
 13. Grant, U. S., and D. F. Higgins, Jr. Notes on Geology and 
 Mineral Prospects in the Vicinity of Seward, Kenai Peninsula. U.S. 
 Geol. Surv. Bull. 379-C, 1909, pp. 98-107. 
 
 14. Hoekzema, R. B. Placer Sampling and Related Bureau of 
 Mines Activities on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. BuMines OFR 
 138-81, 1981, 28 pp.; 1 map sheet. 
 
 15. Strategic and Critical Mineral Development Poten- 
 tial of the Chugach National Forest, Southcentral Alaska. BuMines 
 OFR 215-84, 1984, 64 pp. 
 
 16. Hoekzema, R. B., and G. E. Sherman. Billings Glacier 
 Molybdenum-Copper Occurence, Whittier, Alaska. BuMines OFR 
 141-81, 1981, 30 pp. 
 
 17. Jansons, U. 1979 Bureau of Mines Sampling Sites and 
 Analytical Results for Samples Collected in the Chugach National 
 Forest, Alaska. BuMines OFR 83-81, 1981, 229 pp.; 5 map sheets. 
 
 18. Jansons, U, R. B. Hoekzema, J. M. Kurtak, and S. A. 
 Fechner. Mining History and Mineral Occurrences in the Chugach 
 National Forest, Southcentral Alaska. BuMines MLA 5-84, 1984, 
 43 pp.; 2 map sheets. 
 
 19. Jasper, M. W. Preliminary Property Examination Report, 
 Falls Creek Mining Company Gold Quartz Property. Seward 
 Precinct, Seward Quadrangle, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. AK Div. 
 of Mines and Geol. Rep., 1958, 9 pp.; 1 map sheet. 
 
 20. Johnson, B. L. Gold Deposits of the Seward-Sunrise Region, 
 Kenai Peninsula. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 520-E, 1912, pp. 131-173. 
 
 21. . The Port Wells Gold-Lode District. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 
 Bull. 592-G, 1914, pp. 195-236. 
 
 22. Mining on Prince William Sound. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 
 Bull. 592-G, 1914, pp. 237-243. 
 
 23. Mining on Prince William Sound. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 
 Bull. 622-E, 1915, pp. 131-139. 
 
 24. Geology and Mineral Resources of the Port Valdez 
 
 and Jack Bay Districts, Prince William Sound, Alaska. U.S. Geol. 
 Surv., unpubl. rep., 1918, 317 pp; available from R. B. Hoekzema, 
 BuMines, Anchorage, Alaska. 
 
 25. Kurtak, J. M. A Manganese Occurrence on Chenega Island, 
 
 Prince William Sound, Alaska. BuMines MLA 124-82, 1982, 9 pp. 
 
 26. Martin, G. C, B. L. Johnson, and U. S. Grant. Geology and 
 Mineral Resources of Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 Bull. 587, 1915, 243 pp. 
 
 27. Mendenhall, W. C. A Reconnaissance From Resurrection Bay 
 to the Tanana River, Alaska, in 1898. U.S. Geol. Surv., 20th Annu. 
 Rep., pt. 7, 1900, pp. 265-340. 
 
 28. Meyer, M. P., and S. A. Fechner. Mineral Sampling in the 
 Western Portion of the Sound Study Area, Chugach National 
 Forest, Alaska. BuMines OFR 44-85, 1984, 104 pp. 
 
 29. Mitchell, P. A. Geology of the Hope-Sunrise (Gold) Mining 
 District, North-Central Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. M.A. Thesis, 
 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA, 1979, 123 pp. 
 
 30. Mitchell, P. A., M. L. Silberman, and J. R. O'Neil. Genesis 
 of Gold Vein Mineralization in an Upper Cretaceous Turbidite Se- 
 quence. Hope-Sunrise District, Southern Alaska. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 Open File Rep. 81-0103, 1981, 20 pp. 
 
 31. Moore, J. C. Cretaceous Continental Margin Sedimentation, 
 Southwestern Alaska. Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 84, No. 5, 1973, 
 pp. 596-614. 
 
 32. Moffit, F. H. Mineral Industry of Alaska in 1925. U.S. Geol. 
 Surv. Bull. 792-A, 1927, pp. 1-39. 
 
 33. Geology of the Prince William Sound Region, Alaska. 
 
 U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 989-E, 1954, pp. 225-310. 
 
 34. Nelson, G. E. Report on Alaska Oracle Corporation Property, 
 Gilpatrick Group, Gladiator Group, Lucky Strike Property, Swet- 
 mann Prospect on Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Oracle Corp., unpubl. 
 rep., 1931, 5 pp.; 1 map sheet; available from R. B. Hoekzema, 
 BuMines, Anchorage, AK. 
 
 35. Nelson, S. W., M. L. Miller, D. F. Barnes, J. A. Dumoulin, 
 R. J. Goldfarb, R. A. Koski, C. G. Mull, W. J. Pickthorn, U. Jansons, 
 R. B. Hoekzema, J. M. Kurtak, and S. A. Fechner. Mineral Poten- 
 tial Resource Map of the Chugach National Forest, Alaska. U.S. 
 Geol. Surv. Misc. Field Stud. Map MF-1645A, 1984, 24 pp.; 1 sheet; 
 scale 1:250,000. 
 
 36. O'Neill, W. A. Reconnaisance Examination East Point Mine, 
 Falls Creek-Moose Pass District, Seward, Alaska. Unpubl. rep. (by 
 consultant), 1960, 5 pp.; available from R. B. Hoekzema, BuMines, 
 Anchorage, AK. 
 
 37. Park, C. F., Jr. The Girdwood District, Alaska. U.S. Geol. 
 Surv. Bull. 849-G, 1933, pp. 381-424. 
 
 38. Pickthorn, W. J. Stable Isotope and Fluid Inclusion Study 
 of the Port Valdez Gold District, Southern Alaska, M.S. Thesis, 
 Univ. CA, Los Angeles, CA, 1982, 66 pp. 
 
 39. Plafker, G, D. L. Jones, and E. A. Pessagno, Jr. A Cretaceous 
 Accretionary Flysch and Melange Terrane Along the Gulf of Alaska 
 Margin. Sec. in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: 
 Accomplishments During 1976, ed. by K. Blean. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 Circ. 751-B, 1977, pp. B41-B43. 
 
 40. Richelson, W. A. Report on the Pioneer, Lucky Strike, and 
 Rilley Prospects at McKinley Lake, Lower Copper River Region, 
 Alaska. Bear Creek Mining Co., unpubl. rep., 1934, 9 pp.; available 
 from R. B. Hoekzema, BuMines, Anchorage, AK. 
 
 41. Notes on the Culross Mine, Merrill Prospect, Portage 
 
 Mine, and Granite Mine. Bear Mining Co., unpubl. company data, 
 1935-39; available from R. B. Hoekzema, BuMines, Anchorage, AK. 
 
 42. Roehm, J. C. Summary Report of Mining Investigations in 
 the Kenai Precinct July 9 to July 15, 1941. Terr, of AK., Dep. Mines 
 Itinerary Rep., 1941, 8 pp.; 5 maps. 
 
 43. Summary Report of Mining Investigations in the Port 
 
 Wells District, Prince William Sound, to B. D. Stewart, Commis- 
 sioner of Mines, and Itinerary of J. C. Roehm, Associate Engineer, 
 Aug. 11-20, 1938. Terr, of AK., Dep. Mines Rep., 1938, 5 pp. 
 
 44. Roehm, J. C. Summary Report of Mining Investigations in 
 the Crow Creek and Moose Pass-Hope Districts to B. D. Stewart, 
 Commissioner of Mines, and Itinerary of J. C. Roehm, Associate 
 Engineer, Oct. 3-11, 1938. Terr, of AK, Dep. Mines Rep., 1938, 4 pp. 
 
 45. Preliminary Report of El Primero Mining and Mill- 
 ing company (Granite Mine) Port Wells, Valdez Glacier Mining 
 District. Terr, of AK, Dep. Mines Rep., 1936, 3 pp. 
 
 46. Preliminary Report of Portage Gold Mines, Ltd., Poe 
 
57 
 
 Bay, Prince William Sound District, Valdez Precinct, Port Wells 
 Area. Terr, of AK, Dep. Mines Rep., 1936 and 1938, 5 pp. 
 
 47. . Preliminary Report of the Hirshey Mine, Moose Pass- 
 Hope District, Alaska. Terr, of AK, Dep. Mines Rep., 1937, 3 pp.; 
 1 map. 
 
 48. Preliminary Report of Oracle Mine, Summit Creek, 
 
 Moose Pass-Hope District, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Terr, of AK, 
 Dep. Mines Rep., 1937-38, 5 pp. 
 
 49. Preliminary Report of the Gold Mint Group 
 
 (Nearhouse Mine), Palmer Creek, Hope Mining District, Alaska. 
 Terr, of AK, Dep. Mines Rep., 1937, 3 pp. 
 
 50. Preliminary Report of Mining Activities on Crow 
 
 Creek, Girdwood District, Alaska. Terr, of AK, Dep. Mines Rep., 
 1937 (1946 suppl.), 6 pp.; 2 maps. 
 
 51. Shepard, J. G. Merrill Property, Bettles Bay-Valdez Mining 
 District. U.S. Geol. Surv., unpubl. rep., 1926, 2 pp.; available from 
 R. B. Hoekzema, BuMines, Anchorage, AK. 
 
 52. Sherman, G. E., and U. Jansons. Feasibility of Gold and Cop- 
 per Mining in the Chugach National Forest, Alaska. BuMines OFR 
 125-84, 1983, 55 pp. 
 
 53. Smith, P. S. Mineral Resources of Alaska, 1927. U.S. Geol. 
 Surv. Bull. 810-A, 1930, p. 17. 
 
 54. Mineral Industry of Alaska in 1934. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 
 Bull. 868-A, 1936, p. 22. 
 
 55. Mineral Resources of Alaska in 1935. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 
 Bull 880-A, 1937, pp. 23-25. 
 
 56. Mineral Resources of Alaska in 1937. U.S. Geol. Surv. 
 
 Bull. 910-A, 1939, pp. 26-27. 
 
 57. Smith, S. S. The Mining Industry in the Territory of Alaska 
 During the Calendar Year 1916. BuMines B 153, 1917, 89 pp. 
 
 58. Smitheringale, W. V. Report of the Portage Mine, Poe Bay, 
 Alaska. Portage Mine Syndicate, unpubl. rep., 1935, 7 pp.; available 
 from R. B. Hoekzema, BuMines, Anchorage, AK. 
 
 59. Steiner, R. The Portage Mine, Poe Bay, Whittier, Alaska. 
 Brigitte Mining and Consulting Co. Ltd., unpubl. rep., 1965, 12 
 pp; available from R. B. Hoekzema, BuMines, Anchorage, AK. 
 
 60. Stewart, B. D. Annual Report of the Mines Inspector to the 
 Governor of Alaska, 1922. Terr, of AK, Dep. Mines, 1923, 175 pp. 
 
 61. Territorial Mines Report on Cooperative Mining In- 
 vestigations. Terr, of AK, Dep. Mines, 1931, pp. 55-57. 
 
 62. Territorial Mines Report on Cooperative Mining In- 
 vestigations. Terr, of AK, Dep. Mines, 1933, pp. 56-58. 
 
 63. Stuwe, K. Granitoid Intrusions and Gold Mineralization in 
 the Western Port Wells Mining District, Prince William Sound, 
 Alaska. M.A. Thesis, Min. Univ. Leoben, Austria, 1984, 108 pp. 
 
 64. Thurmond, F. L. Report on the Monarch Mining Company. 
 Terr, of AK, Dep. Mines Rep., 1929, 8 pp. 
 
 65. Tuck, R. The Moose Pass-Hope District, Kenai Peninsula, 
 Alaska. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 849-1, 1933, pp. 469-527. 
 
 66. Tysdal, R. G Mines, Prospects, and Occurrences, Seward and 
 Blying Sound Quadrangles, Alaska. U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Field 
 Stud. Map MF-880A, 1978. 
 
 67. Geologic Map of the Seward and Blying Sound 
 
 Quadrangles, Alaska. U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Inv. Ser. Map 1-1150, 
 1979. 
 
 68. U.S. Bureau of Land Management (Dep. of Interior). Min- 
 ing Claim Report, Window 340, Chugach National Forest. Oct. 19, 
 1984, 279 pp. 
 
 69. Winkler, G. R., M. L. Miller, R. B. Hoekzema, and J. A. 
 Dumoulin. Guide to the Bedrock Geology of a Traverse of the 
 Chugach Mountains From Anchorage to Cape Resurrection. AK 
 Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 1984, 40 pp. 
 
 70. Zuffa, G G, T. H. Nilsen, and G. R. Winkler. Rock Fragment 
 Petrography of the Upper Cretaceous Chugach Terrane, Southern 
 Alaska. U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 80-173, 1980, 28 pp. 
 
58 
 
 APPENDIX.— QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF SAMPLES FROM SELECTED 
 MINERAL DEPOSITS IN CHUGACH NATIONAL FOREST AREA 
 
 (Parts per million, as determined by atomic absorption, except that values listed with footnote number 3 are in ounces per short ton, 
 as determined by fire assay, unless otherwise noted. Deposits are listed in order of discussion in this report.) 
 
 
 Sample 
 
 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag Cu Pb 
 
 Zn 
 
 As 
 
 Mo 
 
 Sb 
 
 
 Number 1 
 
 Material 2 
 
 Type 2 
 
 Width, 
 in 
 
 Other information 
 
 CLIFF MINE 
 
 915 
 
 916. .. . 
 
 917. ... 
 918 
 
 Metased, QV . 
 Pan cone .... 
 
 Metased 
 
 ..do 
 
 Grab . . . 
 
 ..do 
 
 ..do 
 
 . .do 
 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 
 0.76 
 40 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 .81 10 ND 
 
 7.1 10 ND 
 
 ND 20 600 
 
 ND ND ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 Quartz with argillite. 
 Gravels from spit. 
 Slate, graywacke. 
 Graywacke. 
 
 RAMSAY-RUTHERFORD MINE 
 
 1048. 
 1077. 
 1836. 
 
 1928 
 
 Mill feed . 
 Mill cone . 
 QV 
 
 Mill cone . 
 
 do NAp 02.35 02.1 60 ND ND ND ND ND ND. 
 
 .do NAp 37.5 9.5 100 500 ND ND ND ND ND. 
 
 .do NAp 3 .07 3.1 14 76 440 15 2 ND From dump. 
 
 NAp 1.55 5.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND Do. 
 
 do... NAp 326.1 3-10.1 690 7,500 1,500 1,000 2 ND Cone of mill cone. 
 
 GOLD KING MINE 
 
 1729. 
 
 1730. 
 
 1731 . 
 
 1901 
 
 1902. 
 
 1903. 
 
 7932. 
 
 QV 
 
 do. 
 
 Metased Random 
 
 chip 
 
 . . do do ... . 
 
 QV Chip 
 
 Metased Random 
 
 chip. 
 
 QV Cont 
 
 chip. 
 
 QV Grab . . . 
 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 72 
 
 12 
 2 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 NAp 
 
 3 04.85 
 180 
 .31 
 
 .09 
 .32 
 
 .09 
 
 3.4 
 345.62 
 
 301.7 
 60 
 
 3 
 
 750 
 ND 
 30 
 
 4,600 1,200 
 ND ND 
 36 84 
 
 .3 30 
 
 .2 5 
 
 .1 11 
 
 1.3 
 
 31 
 
 34 
 
 42 
 30 
 21 
 
 33 
 
 105 
 
 62 
 
 105 
 
 80 
 
 11 4,300 1,500 
 
 170 2 ND Quartz from dump. 
 
 ND ND 1,600 Do. 
 
 65 2 ND Slate wall rock. 
 
 37 2 ND Slate from shear. 
 
 950 2 ND Do. 
 
 80 2 ND Quartz vein wall rock. 
 
 350 7 ND Quartz vein from shear. 
 
 ND 2 ND Quartz vein with Au and galena. 
 
 DONOHUE PROSPECT 
 
 1785. 
 1786. 
 
 1787. 
 
 1788. 
 
 1844 . 
 
 1845. 
 
 1846 
 
 500A. 
 
 500B. 
 
 500C 
 
 500D 
 
 Metased, QV 
 .do 
 
 . do. 
 Chip . 
 
 ..do. 
 
 ..do. 
 
 do 
 
 do. 
 
 Grab 
 ..do. 
 ..do. 
 
 Chip 
 Metased ... Grab 
 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 NAp 01.02 01.1 16 3 19 10 2 ND Quartz from dump with pyrite. 
 
 60 3 oo3 3 04 14 12 57 11 2 ND Quartz stringer. 
 
 60 .03 .4 ND ND ND ND ND ND Do. 
 
 24 3 003 3.01 23 14 79 14 2 ND Slate with quartz. 
 
 24 .03 .2 ND ND ND ND ND ND Do. 
 
 48 3 oo3 3.01 11 36 54 13 2 ND Do. 
 
 48 .03 .1 ND ND ND ND ND ND Do. 
 
 14 3 003 3.01 14 14 26 10 2 ND Quartz vein. 
 
 18 .05 .7 ND ND ND ND ND ND Do. 
 
 24 3.413 3.1 17 695 40 o 235 4 ND Quartz, slate. 
 
 24 8.18 6.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp 3100.2 316.9 11 6,950 200 115 2 ND High-grade vein. 
 
 NAp .05 ND 5 5 20 ND ND ND USGS sample. 
 
 NAp 2.500 300 15 2,200 95 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 120 13 3 10 20 30 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp .2 .5 20 20 50 ND ND ND USGS wall rock sample. 
 
 GRANITE MINE 
 
 4243 
 
 4244 
 
 4245 
 
 4246 
 
 4247 
 
 4248 
 
 4249 
 
 5740A 
 
 5470B 
 
 6280. 
 
 6281 . 
 
 6282 
 
 7001 
 
 7002 
 
 7003 
 
 7004 
 
 7005 
 
 7006 
 
 7007 
 
 7008 
 
 7009. 
 
 7232 
 
 7233 
 
 . .do 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Fel plut 
 
 QV 
 
 . . do 
 
 . . do 
 
 do 
 
 Metased, QV 
 
 Fel plut 
 
 QV 
 
 Metased 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Metased 
 
 QV 
 
 Metased 
 
 QV 
 
 Mill tailings . 
 Beach material 
 
 Chip . . 
 Grab 
 
 do 
 
 do. . 
 
 do.. 
 
 do.. 
 
 do. . 
 Chip 
 Spec 
 Grab 
 Spec 
 Grab 
 .do.. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do. 
 
 do. . 
 
 do.. 
 .do. . 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. . 
 Bulk 
 Placer 
 
 18 0.05 0.2 ND ND ND 30 ND ND Snowball 720-ft level. 
 
 NAp 14 2.8 15 445 435 40 ND ND 350-ft level dump. 
 
 NAp 12 4 80 235 400 300 ND ND 200-ft level stamp mill. 
 
 NAp 4.2 2.8 25 135 65 160 ND ND 200-ft level ore bin. 
 
 NAp 1.3 .4 ND ND ND ND ND ND 200-ft level dump. 
 
 NAp .08 .2 ND ND ND ND ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp .06 2 ND ND ND ND ND ND 200-ft level. 
 
 18 71 26 2 230 135 22 ND ND 35-ft level face. 
 
 NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp ND. 
 
 NAp .05 <.2 5 5 15 ND ND ND ND. 
 
 NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp ND. 
 
 NAp .53 .2 20 15 65 ND ND ND ND. 
 
 NAp .44 .2 <5 10 35 500 ND ND 350-ft level. 
 
 NAp 2 4 2.6 15 30 5 <500 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp .15 4 100 15 125 <500 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp 2.4 1.8 75 25 120 500 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp 1.5 2 110 90 30 <500 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp .19 .4 45 15 115 500 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp 3.3 5.6 75 20 140 7,000 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp .02 .2 40 10 100 <500 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp 3.9 2.8 80 40 145 1,500 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp 3 194 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bulk for cyanide leaching. 
 
 NAp NAp ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Several fine colors Au recovered. 
 
 MINERAL KING MINE 
 
 5417 . 
 
 5418 . 
 
 5419 . 
 5443 
 5444 
 
 5445 . 
 
 5446 . 
 5447 
 5448 
 5449 
 5450 
 6313 
 
 Alluvium do. 
 
 Mill feed Grab 
 
 Alluvium Placer 
 
 Qv fault gouge Grab 
 
 QV Chip 
 
 QV do 
 
 QV do 
 
 Granite Grab 
 
 QV Chip . 
 
 QV do . 
 
 QV Spec 
 
 Mill feed Grab 
 
 NAp ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 oz/yd 3 Au recovered. 
 
 NAp 5.3 4.3 110 165 150 100 ND ND Collected from stamp mill. 
 
 NAp ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.018 oz/yd 3 Au recovered. 
 
 NAp <.03 .76 5 9 ND 21 ND ND Main adit metased host. 
 
 4 .05 1.2 600 160 67 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 6 .35 3.8 18 140 30 30 4 22 Main adit granite host. 
 
 3 .54 3.4 ND ND 20 410 ND ND Do. 
 NAp <.03 .49 ND ND ND ND ND ND Main adit. 
 
 4 .82 .95 ND ND ND 3,200 ND ND Metased host. 
 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND. 
 
 NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp Granite host. 
 
 NAp 3.2 2 70 120 140 10 ND ND Collected from stamp mill. 
 
 See explanatory notes at end of table. 
 
(T" 
 
 59 
 
 
 Sample 
 
 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag Cu Pb 
 
 Zn 
 
 As 
 
 Mo 
 
 Sb 
 
 Other 
 
 
 Number 1 
 
 Material 2 
 
 Type 2 
 
 Width, 
 in 
 
 information 
 
 CULROSS MINE 
 
 3337. 
 3339. 
 
 3340. 
 
 3342. 
 
 3344. 
 3470. 
 3502. 
 
 3503. 
 3504. 
 
 3505. 
 
 3506. 
 
 3509. 
 
 3649. 
 3650. 
 
 3653. 
 
 3654. 
 
 3655. 
 
 3656. 
 3658. 
 
 3659. 
 
 3662. 
 
 3663. 
 
 4254. 
 
 4255. 
 
 4256. 
 
 4257. 
 4258. 
 4263. 
 
 5186. 
 5390. 
 5391 . 
 5393. 
 
 QV .... 
 Metased 
 
 Metased, QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Mat vole 
 QV .... 
 Mat vole 
 
 ..do . .. 
 ..do ... 
 
 QV .... 
 Maf volv 
 QV .... 
 
 Str Sed 
 Maf vole 
 
 Maf vole 
 
 QV .... 
 
 Maf vole 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 QV .... 
 Maf vole 
 ..do ... 
 QV .... 
 QV .... 
 
 QV 
 
 QV .... 
 Maf vole 
 QV .... 
 
 QV .... 
 Maf vole 
 QV .... 
 Maf vole 
 
 Grab . . . 
 Random 
 
 chip. 
 Random 
 
 chip. 
 
 ..do... 
 
 . .do... . 
 Grab . . . 
 Cont 
 
 chip. 
 
 do.. 
 
 do.. 
 
 do.. 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. . 
 
 Grab . 
 Random 
 
 chip. 
 Cont 
 
 chip. 
 Random 
 
 chip. 
 
 ..do.... 
 
 . . do . . . 
 Chip 
 
 Select 
 grab. 
 
 Random 
 chip. 
 
 . . do . . . . 
 
 Grab . . . 
 
 Select 
 grab. 
 
 Random 
 
 chip. 
 ..do.... 
 Grab . . . 
 Select 
 
 grab. 
 ..do... 
 Grab . . . 
 
 Chip 
 
 Random 
 
 chip. 
 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 48 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 24 
 
 84 
 12 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 18 
 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 
 60 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 18 
 12 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 6 
 
 NAp 
 
 3<0.005 
 <.005 
 
 <.005 
 
 <.005 
 
 <.005 
 .16 
 .005 
 
 .026 
 .047 
 
 .052 
 
 .02 
 
 .008 
 
 .06 
 <C.005 
 
 <.005 
 
 <.005 
 
 <.005 
 
 .02 
 <.005 
 
 Trace 
 <.005 
 <.005 
 
 .82 
 3.1 
 
 13 
 
 9.5 
 12 
 300 
 
 30 
 
 5.2 
 22 
 
 .05 
 
 <0.2 
 <2 
 
 <.2 
 
 <2 
 
 <.2 
 <.2 
 <2 
 
 <.2 
 <.2 
 
 <2 
 
 .6 
 
 <.2 
 
 .4 
 <.2 
 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 
 4.2 
 
 1.4 
 
 11 
 65 
 
 18 
 65 
 
 105 
 
 57 
 85 
 62 
 
 77 
 6 
 
 52 
 
 78 
 
 800 
 
 30 
 78 
 
 69 
 
 11 
 
 40 
 
 66 
 255 
 
 45 
 
 72 
 
 105 
 
 5,800 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 1,000 
 
 550 
 
 9 
 23 
 
 33 
 
 14 
 
 1,000 
 
 36 
 
 28 
 
 14 
 
 140 
 485 
 
 11 
 75 
 
 67 
 
 13 
 
 26 
 
 15 
 46 
 
 32 
 
 14 
 
 30 
 26 
 
 380 
 39 
 
 170 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 10 ND 
 
 7,600 2,900 
 
 31 
 13 
 
 29 
 
 20 
 
 33 
 
 42 
 345 
 
 29 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 8,700 
 3,600 
 
 69 
 13 
 
 31 
 
 11 
 
 26 
 
 10 
 350 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 5,300 
 7,000 
 
 10.1 480 685 170 
 
 3.6 245 400 ND 
 
 11 495 4,100 ND 
 
 3 110 24 58 
 
 10 
 
 1,000 
 
 790 
 
 19 
 21 
 
 1,300 
 
 4,100 
 
 88 
 
 18 
 <10 
 
 193 
 
 129 
 
 200 
 
 440 
 1,100 
 
 104 
 
 <1 
 
 22 
 
 ND 
 
 3,300 
 
 3,000 
 
 3,600 
 
 ND 
 
 1,500 
 
 2,300 
 
 355 
 
 4,900 
 
 44 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 2 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 2 Quartz float, 1 pet arsenopyrite. 
 6 Mudstone. 
 
 2 10- by 15-ft iron-stained shale. 
 
 Quartz veinlets, up to 5 pet 
 pyrite. 
 4 Av 4-ft-wide quartz vein exposed for 
 50 ft. 
 
 3 Greenstone. 
 
 2 Vein quartz float in open cut. 
 
 6 Quartz-chlorite semi-schist. 
 
 4 Shear zone; quartz stringer. 
 
 1 Greenstone semischist with 
 
 quartz-chlorite veins. 
 
 2 Sheared greenstone with quartz 
 
 calcite veins 1 in to 1 ft wide. 
 
 3 Sheared greenstone with quartz 
 
 calcite veins. 
 
 7 4-ft-wide shear zone; quartz- 
 
 calcite veins. 
 <1 Stream silt below mine workings. 
 
 1 Cherty greenstone. 
 
 2 Shear zone with numerous 
 
 quartz veinlets. 
 <1 Quartz veinlets, <1 in to 5 ft 
 wide. 
 
 69 
 
 ND 
 2 
 
 ND 
 
 <1 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 Sheared pillow basalt with calcite 
 
 stringers. 
 Calcite-quartz vein 1 .5 ft wide. 
 1-ft-wide quartz vein with minor 
 
 sulfide and calcite. 
 Quartz float with dark gray 
 
 bands. 
 Schistose greenstone with quartz 
 
 stringers and lenses. 
 Sheared greenstone with quartz 
 
 stringers and blebs. 
 Quartz vein float on adit floor. 
 
 Visible galena. 
 Quartz vein float on adit floor; 
 
 contains pyrrhotite and 
 
 malachite. 
 Quartz with visible galena. 
 
 ND Quartz vein with sulfides. 
 
 ND Dump sample. 
 
 ND Crushed quartz remaining in mill. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 ND Fine debris in bottom of stope. 
 
 ND Quartz vein. 
 
 ND Greenstone, minor pyrrhotite. 
 
 PORTAGE BAY MINE 
 
 4991 . 
 4992. 
 4993. 
 4994. 
 4995. 
 4996. 
 5458. 
 5459. 
 5460. 
 5461 . 
 5692A 
 5692B 
 5692C 
 5692D 
 5692E 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Metased . . . 
 
 QV 
 
 Metased . . . 
 Alluvium . . . 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Fel plut 
 
 . .do 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Ore dump . . 
 
 Chip . 
 ..do. 
 ..do. 
 ..do. 
 ..do. 
 Pan cone 
 Grab . . 
 Chip . . . 
 ..do... 
 Grab . . 
 Chip . . . 
 Channel 
 Chip . . . 
 ..do.. . 
 Pan cone 
 
 6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,550-ft level. 
 
 8 0.3 1.6 30 490 590 250 ND ND Do. ^ 
 
 18 3.01 K.02 50 21 100 38 2 ND Do. 
 
 18 .45 2.4 89 33 74 110 ND ND Do. 
 
 12 .35 .85 34 26 91 100 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp 11.31 6 27 25 100 ND ND ND 10 colors. 
 
 NAp 3 .015 3 02 40 11 50 125 3 6 1,500-ft level stope. 
 
 24 3 013 3 02 50 20 50 30 ND ND 1,500-ft level raise. 
 
 14 16.6 5.6 40 190 50 120 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp .2 1.1 7 22 53 130 ND ND Do. 
 
 18 <.03 .1 5 22 37 27 ND ND 1,700-ft level. 
 
 4 2.5 1.3 58 34 135 89 ND ND Do. 
 
 8 3.294 3<. 2 10 78 180 580 3 ND Do. 
 
 4 .03 .8 16 105 78 100 ND ND Visible Au in sample. 
 
 NAp ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,700-ft level. Visible Au in 
 
 sample. 
 
 PRIMROSE MINE 
 
 7174. . . 
 
 7175A. 
 7175B. 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Cont 
 
 chip. 
 Channel . 
 Spec . . . 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 NAp 
 
 301.572 
 
 31.166 
 NAp 
 
 30.6 
 
 3.6 
 
 NAp 
 
 150 
 
 260 
 NAp 
 
 970 365 
 
 620 213 
 NAp NAp 
 
 9,200 
 
 3,500 
 NAp 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 NAp 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 NAp 
 
 Upper-level portal. 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 CROWN POINT MINE 
 
 5288 . . 
 
 5289 . . 
 
 5290 . . 
 
 5291 . . 
 
 QV 
 
 Metased, QV . 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Chip .... 
 . .do. . . . 
 Grab . . . 
 Chip .... 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 NAp 
 
 12 
 
 08.6 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 13 
 
 04.1 
 8.1 
 
 11.5 
 4.4 
 
 40 
 38 
 24 
 44 
 
 37 110 
 
 54 115 
 
 103 53 
 
 47 145 
 
 880 
 
 690 
 
 340 
 
 1,850 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 4,500-ft level. 
 
 Do. 
 4,450-ft level. 
 4,320-ft level. 
 
 See explanatory notes at end of table. 
 
60 
 
 
 Sample 
 
 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag Cu Pb Zn 
 
 As 
 
 Mo 
 
 Sb 
 
 
 Number 1 
 
 Material 2 
 
 Type 2 
 
 Width, 
 in 
 
 Other information 
 
 CROWN POINT MINE— Continued 
 
 5292. 
 5293. 
 5294. 
 5295. 
 5302. 
 
 5303. 
 
 5304. 
 
 5307 
 
 5308. 
 
 5309 
 
 5684 
 
 7141 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 Chip . 
 ..do. 
 ..do. 
 Grab 
 . do. 
 
 QV Grab 
 
 QV do . 
 
 QV do. 
 
 QV do. 
 
 QV Chip . 
 
 QV Channel 
 
 Metased, QV . Grab . 
 
 10 19 5.4 28 41 25 690 ND ND 4,320-ft level. 
 
 6 97 19.5 23 156 58 600 ND ND Do. 
 
 26 34 9.5 37 152 69 900 ND 7 Do. 
 
 NAp 5.1 1.6 32 56 43 450 ND ND 4,170-ft level. 
 
 NAp 55 14.5 63 217 120 480 ND ND Hanging wall, side vein, 4,320-ft 
 
 level. 
 
 NAp 39 9.5 29 103 32 775 ND ND Footwall, side vein 4,320-ft level. 
 
 NAp 39 7.2 27 56 26 740 ND ND 4,450-ft level. 
 
 NAp .08 1 29 6 24 615 ND 5 Not on main system vein. 
 
 NAp 14 4.5 ND ND ND 170 ND ND West of upper portal. 
 
 6 .08 1.4 ND ND ND 10 ND ND Do. 
 
 8 3 2 .2 3.51 ND ND ND ND ND ND 4,320-ft level, 300-lb bulk sample. 
 
 NAp ".0058 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Debris from floor to be panned. 
 
 SKEEN-LECHNER MINE 
 
 4824 . 
 
 4825 
 
 4826. 
 
 4827. 
 
 4828. 
 
 4829. 
 
 4830. 
 
 4831 . 
 
 4832. 
 
 4833. 
 
 4834 
 
 4835. 
 
 4836. 
 
 4837. 
 
 7132 . 
 
 7133 
 
 7134 . 
 
 7135. 
 
 7136 
 
 7137 
 
 7138 
 7140 
 
 4838 
 7139 
 
 1054 
 1055 
 1056 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 HW Metased 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Metased 
 
 QV 
 
 Mill feed 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Quartz debris 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 Chip . . 
 ..do.. 
 ..do.. 
 . . do . . 
 . do . 
 . . do . . 
 . . do . . 
 ..do. . 
 Grab 
 . . do 
 . do. 
 Chip 
 Select 
 chip. 
 Chip 
 . . do . . 
 . . do . . 
 Grab . 
 Chip . . 
 ..do. . 
 Grab 
 
 ...do. . 
 
 Spec 
 
 54 0.38 2 40 10 30 2,000 ND ND Upper vein, 3, 210-ft level. 
 
 24 17 5.9 38 90 40 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 36 <03 1.7 40 5 40 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 18 .85 2.8 35 15 50 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 18 <03 2.1 36 14 60 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 48 .1 1.9 40 14 80 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 48 .1 1.9 32 55 80 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 18 .1 3.4 35 36 250 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp 35 16 43 650 150 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp 31 9.3 37 135 100 10,000 ND ND Mill site. 
 
 NAp 12.5 5.2 35 70 150 ND ND ND Upper vein dump, 3,260-ft level. 
 
 24 360 30 38 450 80 ND ND ND Upper vein, 3,260-ft level. 
 
 2 29 9.7 30 160 210 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 36 .27 1 30 10 55 ND ND ND Upper vein, 3,210-ft level. 
 
 14 3 3.322 3 .6 8 300 105 870 3 3 Upper vein, 3,260-ft level. 
 
 15 3 .054 3.2 <1 76 43 380 2 3 Do. 
 
 NAp 5.0029 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Panned 3,260-ft level. 
 
 3 3554 34 <-| 24 13 260 ND ND ND. 
 6 3<005 33 4 <1 26 15 ND ND ND. 
 
 NAp ^0012 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Panned upper vein, 3,210-ft 
 
 level. 
 
 NAp 3<oo5 3 2 4 8 84 610 ND ND Upper vein, 3,210-ft level. 
 
 NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp Upper level, 3,260-ft level. 
 
 FALLS CREEK MINE 
 
 4823 . . 
 
 . QV 
 
 Chip 
 
 72 
 
 03.25 
 
 02.4 50 46 
 
 50 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND. 
 
 EAST PONT MINE 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 Grab 
 Chip 
 
 Grab 
 Chip 
 . do. 
 
 NAp 
 4 
 
 NAp 
 12 
 
 200 
 32.204 
 
 3.16 
 3.01 
 
 3 5.85 
 
 03.5 
 
 3.8 
 
 30 
 3 
 
 350 
 78 
 
 70 
 37 
 
 3.36 ND ND ND 
 
 31.35 ND ND ND 
 
 32.07 ND ND ND 
 
 10,000 ND ND Assorted quartz from mill. 
 3,800 4 7 Vein exposed 50 ft north of 
 
 portal. 
 ND ND ND O'Neill (36) sample. 
 ND ND ND Do. 
 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 GILPATRICK MINE 
 
 4429 
 
 4719 . 
 
 4720 
 
 4783 
 
 5361 
 
 5646 
 
 5647. 
 
 5648. 
 
 5649 
 7191 . 
 
 Fel plut, QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Fel plut, QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Fel plut, QV 
 
 QV 
 Elluvium 
 
 Grab 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do. 
 .do. 
 
 do 
 Cont 
 
 chip 
 
 do 
 Bulk 
 
 placer 
 
 NAp 03.2 0.6 5 245 100 ND <2 ND 3,300-ft level dump. 
 
 NAp 2 .2 ND ND ND ND <2 ND ND. 
 
 NAp 54 13 ND ND ND ND <2 ND ND. 
 
 NAp 10 7.5 40 1,650 660 700 ND ND ND. 
 
 NAp 11 3 150 290 340 ND ND ND ND. 
 
 NAp ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Not assayed. 
 
 NAp 3 8.51 33 2 19 4,000 400 890 <2 ND 3,400-ft level dump. 
 
 14 .88 .73 2 45 46 178 2 ND Do. 
 
 10 3.89 3 65 9 520 145 180 2 ND 3,400-ft level portal. 
 
 NAp ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.0032 oz/yd 3 Au recovered by 
 
 sluicing 0.1 yd 3 of elluvium. 
 
 SUMMIT VEIN PROSPECT 
 
 4781 . 
 4782 
 4784 
 4785 
 
 4786 
 4787 
 5650 
 
 5651 
 5652. 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 Metased 
 
 . do . . . 
 QV ... 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 Grab 
 . . do . . . 
 . . do . . 
 Cont 
 
 chip. 
 . . do . . 
 
 do 
 Spec . 
 
 Channel 
 . .do. . . 
 
 5683 ... QV Spec 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 18 
 
 NAp 
 
 3 0282 
 8.4 
 3 5.15 
 3 1.18 
 
 3 01.7 
 .46 
 33.5 
 3 1.4 
 
 85 
 
 46 8,000 340 
 
 91 1,700 450 
 
 22 5,000 310 
 
 140 15,000 830 
 
 .1 
 
 .13 4 
 
 NAp NAp 
 
 31.35 3 84 
 
 ND ND 
 
 27 
 
 91 
 
 NAp 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 730 930 
 
 50 2,400 
 
 NAp NAp 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 1,250 
 
 38 
 
 55 
 
 410 
 
 4,350 
 440 
 NAp 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 NAp 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND NW end of vein. 
 
 ND SE end of vein. 
 
 ND NW end of vein. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 NAp 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp 
 
 NAp NAp NAp 
 
 NW end; hanging wall. 
 
 NW end, footwall. 
 
 NW end. Not assayed. Contained 
 visible Au. 
 
 NW end; bulk sample. 
 
 NW end; crushed and panned. 
 Not assayed. Panned con- 
 siderable free Au. 
 
 SE end. Not assayed. Contained 
 visible Au. 
 
 HEASTON-ORACLE MINE 
 
 4774 ... QV Cont 
 
 chip. 
 
 4775 . . . Metased Chip . . 
 
 4776 . . Metased Chip . . 
 
 4777 ... QV Grab 
 
 10 
 NAp 
 
 30164 30.71 98 1050 66 2,500 ND ND 1 ,900-ft portal. 
 
 .1 .44 ND ND ND 300 ND ND Hanging wall, 1 ,900-ft portal. 
 
 1.55 3 ND ND ND 3,650 ND ND Footwall, 1 ,900-ft portal. 
 
 .55 .57 3 10 39 15,600 ND ND 2,100-ft adit north side creek. 
 
 See explanatory notes at end of table. 
 
61 
 
 
 Sample 
 
 
 Au Ag Cu Pb Zn As 
 
 Mo 
 
 Sb 
 
 
 Number 1 
 
 Material 2 Type 2 
 
 Width, 
 in 
 
 Other information 
 
 HEASTON-ORACLE MINE— Continued 
 
 4778 . . . 
 5665 . . . 
 
 QV Grab . . . 
 
 QV Mineral 
 
 spec. 
 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 
 1.4 1.5 44 140 83 2,550 
 NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp NAp 
 
 ND 
 
 NAp 
 
 ND 
 NAp 
 
 2,000-tt adit north side creek. 
 1,900-ft portal. Visible Au. 
 
 HIRSHEY-LUCKY STRIKE MINE 
 
 5639. 
 
 5640. 
 
 5641 . 
 5642. 
 
 5643. 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Cont 
 
 chip. 
 Random 
 
 chip. 
 
 . .do 
 
 Cont 
 
 chip. 
 . . do . . . . 
 
 8 
 24 
 
 0.47 
 99.6 
 
 3.175 
 
 31.21 
 
 3.364 
 
 0.75 
 65 
 
 3<.1 
 
 3.09 
 
 3<.01 
 
 6 
 ND 
 
 49 
 21 
 
 33 
 
 15 
 ND 
 
 19 
 ND 
 
 36 
 ND 
 
 415 165 300 
 
 1,550 1,400 6,500 
 
 <2 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 <2 
 
 <1 3,200-ft level. 
 ND 3,400-ft level. 
 
 ND 
 3 
 
 660 
 
 130 
 
 310 
 
 ND ND 
 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 NEARHOUSE MINE 
 
 4436 
 
 4755 
 4756 
 4757 
 4758 
 4759 
 
 4760. 
 4761 . 
 
 4762 
 
 4763 
 
 4764 
 
 4765 . 
 
 4766 
 
 4767 
 
 4768 
 
 4769 
 
 5610. 
 
 5801 . 
 
 5802. 
 5803. 
 
 5804. 
 
 5805. 
 
 5806. 
 5807. 
 
 QV Random 
 
 grab. 
 
 QV do 
 
 Metased do ... . 
 
 Metased Chip 
 
 QV QV 
 
 QV Random 
 
 chip. 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Felsic dike 
 Metased . . 
 
 . .do 
 
 Felsic dike 
 
 . .do 
 
 . . do 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV .... 
 Metased 
 
 . do 
 QV . 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 do. 
 Cont 
 
 chip. 
 Grab . 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. 
 Spec . 
 Cont 
 
 chip. 
 ..do... 
 . .do. . . 
 
 do. 
 
 Cont 
 
 chip. 
 ..do... 
 . do. . . 
 
 NAp 
 
 18 
 18 
 
 6 
 NAp 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 36 
 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 16 
 
 10 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 7.3 
 
 .15 
 <03 
 
 .05 
 <.03 
 
 .75 
 
 3.15 
 15.3 
 
 3.05 
 1.45 
 
 .08 
 
 .05 
 <03 
 
 .04 
 
 .03 
 
 .25 
 
 NAp 
 3.136 
 
 .07 
 .23 
 
 ND 
 
 .385 
 
 11.4 
 6.4 
 
 12 
 
 4.5 
 
 4 
 .89 
 .49 
 
 1 
 
 3.3 
 .79 
 
 5 
 
 3.4 
 .92 
 
 2 
 .16 
 .5 
 .19 
 .44 
 
 NAp 
 
 3.5 
 
 .2 
 1.8 
 
 ND 
 
 5.1 
 5.1 
 
 10 
 
 330 
 
 ND ND 
 
 ND ND 
 
 ND ND 
 
 ND ND 
 
 ND ND 
 
 ND 
 10 
 
 ND 
 10 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 42 
 ND 
 8 
 NAp 
 18 
 
 10 
 43 
 
 ND 
 
 71 
 
 22 
 18 
 
 ND 
 810 
 
 ND 
 
 135 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 7 
 
 ND 
 
 14.5 
 
 NAp 
 
 870 
 
 260 
 
 24 
 
 ND 
 34 
 
 345 
 
 410 
 
 85 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 450 
 
 ND 
 
 92 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 51 
 
 ND 
 
 300 
 
 NAp 
 
 300 
 
 135 
 145 
 
 ND 
 
 180 
 
 270 
 115 
 
 ND 
 
 2,600 
 
 190 
 
 160 
 
 37 
 
 ND 
 
 2,050 
 345 
 
 150 
 
 480 
 
 89 
 
 125 
 
 10 
 
 115 
 
 19 
 
 425 
 
 NAp 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 250 
 
 1,900 
 440 
 
 ND ND Dump, 3,100-ft level. 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 NAp 
 <2 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 ND 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 ND Face, 3,050-ft level. 
 
 ND Face, 3,050-ft level, footwall. 
 
 ND Face, 3,050-ft level, hanging wall. 
 
 ND West drift, 3,100-ft level. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 ND East drift, 3,100-ft level. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 ND East drift, 3,100-ft footwall. 
 
 ND East drift, 3,100-ft hanging wall. 
 
 ND Surface, 3,950 ft. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 ND Surface, 4,000 ft. 
 
 NAp ND. 
 
 ND Winze at 31 ft from top. 
 
 ND Winze at 81 ft from top. 
 
 ND Winze at 81 ft from top, hanging 
 
 wall. 
 
 ND Winze at 81 ft from top, footwall. 
 
 No data received. 
 
 ND Winze at 46 ft from top. 
 
 ND West drift. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 GILPATRICK DIKE: GILPATRICK PROSPECT 
 
 4413 .. . Fel plut, QV . . Random 48 
 chip. 
 
 4788 ... QV Grab . . . NAp 
 
 5682A . Fel plut, QV . . Cont 14 
 chip. 
 
 5682B. . . .do do 36 
 
 0.04 
 
 14.5 
 .54 
 
 .66 
 
 0.6 
 
 830 
 3.5 
 
 7.4 
 
 30 
 
 20 <200 
 
 1,060 1,150 
 *I9 37 
 
 11 
 
 32 
 
 470 
 39 
 
 24 
 
 500 
 
 550 
 450 
 
 285 
 
 <2 ND Near portal. 
 
 ND 
 <2 
 
 ND Dump. 
 1 Adit 34 ft from portal. 
 
 <2 2 Adit 10 ft from portal. 
 
 GILPATRICK DIKE: SHELL PROSPECT 
 
 4404. 
 
 4405 . 
 
 4406 . 
 5661 
 5662. 
 5663. 
 5664. 
 
 QV ... 
 QV ... 
 
 Fel plut 
 QV 
 
 QV . . 
 QV 
 QV ... 
 
 Grab 
 do 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 
 03.9 
 <.02 
 .04 
 
 ND 
 3 .396 
 7.1 
 10.7 
 
 02.4 
 <.2 
 <2 
 ND 
 
 3.3 
 
 5.1 
 13 
 
 5 
 10 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 7 
 13 
 
 7 
 
 235 
 20 
 ND 
 ND 
 375 
 295 
 760 
 
 195 
 25 
 ND 
 ND 
 115 
 210 
 150 
 
 200 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 2,700 
 660 
 230 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND Adit dump. 
 
 ND ND. 
 
 ND ND. 
 
 ND Shaft dump. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 ND Do. 
 
 ND Prospect pit. 
 
 GILPATRICK DIKE: COLORADO PROSPECT 
 
 4398. 
 4399. 
 4400 
 4401 . 
 4407. 
 
 Fel plut Grab 
 
 Fel plut, QV . . . .do. 
 
 QV Grab 
 
 Fel plut, QV . . . .do. 
 
 . .do Chip . 
 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 48 
 
 ND 
 0.08 
 <.02 
 <02 
 <02 
 
 ND 
 5.2 
 .2 
 .2 
 .2 
 
 ND 
 10 
 ND 
 ND 
 20 
 
 ND 
 1,200 
 ND 
 ND 
 15 
 
 ND 
 335 
 ND 
 ND 
 20 
 
 ND 
 
 2,700 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 2,800-ft prospect pit. 
 2,600-ft prospect pit. 
 2,800-ft caved adit. 
 2,700-ft prospect pit. 
 2,400-ft adit. 
 
 PALMER CREEK DIKE: TEDDY BEAR PROSPECT 
 
 4431 . . Fel plut, QV . . Chip 36 0.14 0.2 5 35 40 500 ND ND ND. 
 
 7156... Fel plut Select NAp 3.117 .2 8 71 51 635 ND ND ND. 
 
 grab. 
 
 PALMER CREEK DIKE: KENAI STAR PROSPECT 
 
 4433 ... Fel plut, QV . . Random 
 
 chip. 
 
 4434 ... Str sed Pan .... 
 
 4435 ... Fel plut, QV . . Random 
 
 chip. 
 4451 . . . Str sed Pan ... . 
 
 5473 . . . Metased Grab . . . 
 
 5474 ... QV Chip 
 
 5475 ... QV do 
 
 See explanatory notes at end of table. 
 
 36 
 
 NAp 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 05.1 
 
 <.04 
 <05 
 
 02.2 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 655 30 ND ND ND Surface. 
 
 ND No Au recovered. 
 
 ND Upper adit. 
 
 ND ND ND ND ND 3 very fine colors Au recovered. 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 20 
 
 110 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 2 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 30 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 MONARCH MINE 
 
 NAp 
 5 
 4 
 
 <0.03 
 3.55 
 2 
 
 01.4 
 3 
 1.8 
 
 100 
 25 
 41 
 
 19 
 
 7 
 110 
 
 ND 17 
 
 ND 1,000 
 ND 2,500 
 
 6 
 <2 
 
 3 
 
 ND South vein. 
 ND Do. 
 ND Do. 
 
62 
 
 
 Sample 
 
 
 
 Au 
 
 Ag Cu Pb Zn 
 
 As 
 
 Mo 
 
 Sb 
 
 
 Number 1 
 
 Material 2 
 
 Type 2 
 
 Width, 
 
 in 
 
 Other information 
 
 MONARCH MINE— Continued 
 
 5476. 
 5477. 
 5478. 
 5479. 
 5480. 
 5481 . 
 5552. 
 5553. 
 5554. 
 5555. 
 5556. 
 5557. 
 5611 . 
 5612. 
 5613. 
 5614. 
 5615. 
 5616. 
 5617. 
 5618. 
 5619. 
 5620 
 
 5621 
 
 5622 
 
 5623. 
 
 5624 
 
 5625 
 
 5626 
 
 5627 
 
 5629 
 
 5630 
 
 5631 
 
 5632. 
 
 5633. 
 
 5634. 
 
 5635 
 
 5636 
 
 5637 
 
 5638 
 
 5755 
 
 QV .... 
 Metased 
 ..do ... 
 ..do ... 
 QV .... 
 QV .... 
 QV .... 
 QV .... 
 Metased 
 . .do . . . 
 QV ... 
 QV .... 
 QV .... 
 Metased 
 do . . . 
 
 . do . . . 
 
 . do . . . 
 
 . do . . . 
 
 . do . . . 
 QV .... 
 QV .... 
 Metased 
 
 . do ... 
 
 QV .... 
 QV .... 
 Metased 
 QV .... 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 QV 
 
 Metased, QV 
 Metased 
 
 ..do 
 
 QV 
 
 Metased 
 
 ..do 
 
 Metased, QV 
 
 ..do.. 
 Grab . 
 ..do. . 
 ..do.. 
 Chip . . 
 ..do.. 
 ..do.. 
 ..do.. 
 ..do.. 
 ..do.. 
 ..do. . 
 Grab . 
 Chip . . 
 ..do.. 
 . . do . . 
 . . do . . 
 do. . 
 ..do.. 
 . . do . . 
 ..do. . 
 ..do.. 
 . . do . . 
 
 . . do . . 
 
 . do . . 
 
 ..do.. 
 
 Grab 
 
 ..do.. 
 
 Chip . 
 
 ..do.. 
 
 ..do.. 
 
 ..do.. 
 
 Grab 
 
 Channel 
 
 . do 
 
 Chip 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 . do 
 
 do 
 Channel 
 
 4 19.5 92 45 27 ND 2,600 <2 ND South vein. 
 
 NAp <.03 2.1 85 18 ND 34 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp .15 1.6 375 22 ND 34 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp <.03 .44 770 18 ND 23 ND ND Do. 
 
 18 2.5 2.4 56 16 ND 2,000 3 ND North vein. 
 
 24 1.5 4.6 145 38 ND 2,000 <2 ND Do. 
 
 8 3 2 .53 3.94 32 230 56 13,400 2 ND N45°W vein, 3,500 ft. 
 10 .19 .4 170 2 27 159 <2 ND Do. 
 
 4 .03 2.6 2,000 1 56 67 6 ND Hanging wall. 
 12 .08 1.2 500 4 74 275 3 ND Footwall. 
 
 15 .25 1.6 160 13 41 480 39 ND Footwall, N1 5 °W vein. 
 
 NAp .04 1.8 145 1 14 45 400 ND Do. 
 
 5 20 5 20 550 400 1,500 ND ND South vein. 
 5 <.02 <5 25 10 120 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 5 <.02 <.5 15 15 150 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 9 <.02 <5 20 20 140 ND ND ND Do. 
 
 6 <02 <.5 15 10 140 500 ND ND Do. 
 6 .05 .11 21 24 84 420 <2 2 Do. 
 6 .06 .07 270 12 59 450 <2 3 Do. 
 
 3 1.2 1.2 2 5 11 520 <2 2 Do. 
 2 1.5 4.6 200 11 13 4,550 8 2 Do. 
 6 .08 .44 255 13 65 250 <2 3 Do. 
 
 .13 2.4 
 
 6 .46 4.6 410 13 36 127 <2 1 Do. 
 
 5 .75 .88 25 <7 33 2,360 ND ND Do. 
 
 24 31.17 3 84 77 12 91 3,900 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp .07 <.03 48 15 63 32 ND ND Do. 
 
 NAp .35 .34 43 9 1 1,080 ND ND Do. 
 
 2 <.02 1.2 410 9 44 11 ND ND N-S vein. 
 
 2 9.32 3.1 38 11 32 183 ND ND South vein. 
 
 5 <.02 1.4 390 10 2 156 31 ND N-S vein. 
 
 4 <03 .64 125 5 1 34 12 ND Do. 
 NAp <03 .7 320 14 18 41 44 ND Do. 
 
 12 1.06 .45 5 5 1 4,000 <2 ND North vein. 
 
 14 .01 1.2 82 17 63 6,450 <2 ND Do. 
 
 12 .37 135 33 13 65 390 ND ND Do. 
 
 24 .12 1.93 19 12 89 175 ND ND Do. 
 
 12 234 92 54 37 21 4,790 <2 ND Do. 
 
 12 .24 4.6 495 12 31 2,600 34 ND Do. 
 
 12 .33 3.68 385 12 73 2,550 ND ND Do. 
 
 60 .07 3.9 275 8 56 1,290 <2 ND Do. 
 
 JEWEL MINE 
 
 5558 
 
 5559 
 
 5560 
 
 5561 
 
 5562 
 
 5563 
 
 5564. 
 
 5565 
 
 5566 . 
 
 5567 . 
 5568. 
 7227 
 7228 
 
 7251 . 
 
 7252 . 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 Chip 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 do 
 
 Chip 
 
 Metased . Grab 
 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 QV 
 
 Chip 
 ..do 
 Grab 
 Chip 
 Grab 
 Spec 
 
 6 
 6 
 10 
 6 
 4 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 
 NAp 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 NAp 
 3 
 
 NAp 
 
 NAp 
 
 30.463 
 34.74 
 31.08 
 1.9 
 32.5 
 31.66 
 
 3.764 
 31.35 
 .08 
 3.455 
 3 1.27 
 Trace 
 ND 
 31.58 
 ND 
 
 30.3 
 
 32.1 
 
 3.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 31 
 
 3.95 
 3.47 
 3.59 
 
 .4 
 3.22 
 
 3.41 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 3.62 
 ND 
 
 180 
 
 135 
 
 67 
 
 4 
 
 29 
 
 93 
 
 18 
 
 35 
 
 76 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 <10 
 
 <10 
 
 300 
 
 ND 
 
 1,770 
 
 1,000 
 
 465 
 
 37 
 
 980 
 
 5,070 
 
 2,920 
 
 650 
 
 14 
 
 510 
 
 2,700 
 
 <200 
 
 980 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 1.070 
 1.520 
 
 205 
 22 
 
 805 
 6,250 
 
 970 
 1.150 
 
 140 
 
 760 
 1,540 
 
 250 
 
 260 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 10,100 
 
 1,740 
 
 13.200 
 
 14,850 
 
 13,750 
 
 47,300 
 
 203,000 
 
 11,850 
 
 180 
 
 14,300 
 
 30,900 
 
 1,100 
 
 5,300 
 
 ND 
 
 ND 
 
 <2 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 <5 
 10 
 <2 
 ND 
 ND 
 <2 
 <2 
 <5 
 <5 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 ND 3,450-ft level. 
 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 80 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 ND 
 80 
 80 
 ND 
 ND 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Surface sample. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 N-S vein. 
 
 Do. 
 Bulk sample. 
 Portal, 3,450-ft level. 
 
 NAp Not applicable. ND Not determined. 
 
 'Sample numbers referred to in text, illustrations, and other Bureau reports. 
 
 Explanation of abbreviations used: 
 
 Cont chip Continuous chip Pan cone Pan concentrate 
 
 Fel plut Felsic pluton QV Quartz vein 
 
 Maf vole Mafic volcanics Spec Specimen 
 
 Metased Metasedimentary rock Str sed Stream sediment 
 
 including slate and 
 
 quartzite 
 3 Ounces per short ton 
 
 "Amount recovered from approximately 50 lb of debris collected from floor of 4,320-ft level by panning and amalgamating the concentrate. 
 5 Amount recovered from panning approximately 7 lb of debris collected on 3,260-ft level. 
 6 Amount recovered from amalgamating pan concentrate from 7 lb of debris collected in stope. 
 
 INT.-BU.OF MINES,PGH.,PA. 28428 
 
 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1986 605-017/40109 
 
U.S. Department of the Interior 
 Bureau of Mines— Prod, and Distr. 
 Cochrans Mill Road 
 P.O. Box 18070 
 Pittsburgh. Pa. 15236 
 
 AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 
 
 OFFICIAL BUSINESS 
 PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE. S300 
 
 ] Do not wi sh to recei ve thi s 
 material, please remove 
 from your mailing list. 
 
 ] Address change* Please 
 correct as indicated* 
 
 WfeS 
 
--' 
 
J. • * ^ 
 
 °o. -. 
 
 V 
 
 .O v . " • °- > V * * VL'+ c\ <0 
 
 r - » • 
 
 * <^ 
 
 ^ "•TTT»* *,* 
 
 •>•* % ^ 
 
 
 VV '**. " • » ° A u 
 
 > - £ • * » •>! f\> „ V * 
 
 ^K "■• A 
 
 «4°* 
 
 
 
 o, *o . » * A 
 
 ^ *«..«* »G 
 
 ^°^ 
 
 
 
 ^o^ . 
 
 *v ' 
 
 
 
 V^ 
 
 
 .4 c?. 
 
 V " 1 .V 
 
 "• °- //^5i.% ^*itik°<> ^smkS <? *^m;S A^\ y 
 
 i- 
 
 > 
 
 ^ a0 o 1 
 
 ^ A* *j!th$hL° *t ^ •> 
 
 
 
 °, ^^ "Jill: **# 
 
 > « « • o, "^-v 4> 
 
 »* A 
 
 
 
 ^ °^ '°°'' J A <. */TvT* .G v ^ 
 
 G v ^. *o . » * A <. 
 
 ,f 
 
 ^0^ 
 
 'bK 
 
 ^6* 
 
 4> c o •"» 
 
 'bV" 
 
 v^-v V % ^/ %^^\^ V*^'/ ^/ 
 
 % ^*iMk°* J's^kS <?4mk>* J'^kS c 
 
 ** A^ 
 
 
 •°* ••^.^ 
 
 

 "••'• ^ 
 
 
 
 c.5 ^ 
 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 ■0 % t 
 
 *^ 
 
 ■y ^ 
 
 h^ 
 
 
 ^% ''■% 
 
 
 
 
 ^^ * 
 
 
 ^\ 
 
 
 ,^ ^ 
 
 <$ ^ 
 
 ^ A 
 
 ,^ °> 
 
 
 . -^ 
 
 
 
 
 • « ° a° «5> **/•>• .-?y 
 
 ^' 
 
 •-.\. >° v ,^^-,°- ^ 4 V^<-\ f-ia&S s*.-$&X **.>£*.% 
 
 ^0^ 
 
 ^ /*: \S Sim-, v ^» V ;to V * V A 
 
 % \ ^<.^^X C°^i^^°o >^,^>A. A.^.%%' ^.!« 
 
 - "^ rS 
 
 
 <> V -T; s 5 6*- To, '0-.7*' A 
 
 >x A 
 
 i v « * • 
 
 
 <? 
 
 
 •oV" 
 
 
 
 ' A. V ^ - 
 
 
 
 
 -o . » * A ^ 
 
 • ^ 
 
 
 G v ^s 'o 
 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 002 955 938 7 
 
 ' I V > 
 
 m