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LIBRARY OF CONeRESS. 
 
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 UNITED Sl^ATES OF AMERICA. 
 
fl THEHTISE.^^^ 
 
 Negro Colonization. 
 
 
 \ Plan for Colonizing- all the Negroes in the United 
 
 States on Foreign Territory. Y^ 
 
\ 
 
 ' 
 
-^ TilE-HTIgEK^ 
 
 
 ^0 
 
 ^ro Colonization. 
 
 -) ' \^ <\ — '^= — '-'-^ — ^^- )A- A^ cOPYRlGHr 
 
 . DEC 1 '88«, )/7 
 
 A Plan for Colonizing' all the Negroes in the United 
 States on Foreign Territory. 
 
 / . 
 
» o 6 ^^ 
 
 To. 
 
 Dear Sir •— Believina that you are humaneiy and favoraljly inclined in 
 the matter of Negro (-'olonizition,p:^rmit rae to subruir for your examina- 
 tion some facts and rffiectlone-, of my own, on this subject ftom which it 
 will be perceived the duty of carrying out such an enterprise Is wholly 
 predicated upon the general uovernment, as being alone adequate to its 
 eflficient accoinplishraont. 
 
 Individual action will accomplish no more in this, than similar action 
 did on the part of humane individuals, by emancipating their own, in frea- 
 ipg the entire negro popuiation before the war, practically it wili amount 
 to but little, and can uever fulhll the ends in view, let us lay our scheme 
 before Congress, and ask the (jiovernmeut, in behalf of the people, to carry 
 it out. 
 
 uctober 20, 1888. THE ATJIIIOR. 
 
 BE TT 1?.EMEMB:]:RED, That jn tha '20th dxy ol 
 
 October, \.D. 188 \ has 
 
 depfTSJtQd in this office the title of a Book, in the 
 foiiowin'^^ords, to wit. : ''Treatise on Megro Colo- 
 nization^'' in confor'nity with the laws of the 
 United ^t^tt■are^peotin^ copy rights. 
 
 A.R. SPOFFORD, 
 , Librari-m of Coi gress. 
 
N Treatise en I^^epro (LolonizoHori. 
 
 \j 
 
 On the 18th of February, 1825, Hon. Rufus King, a Sen- 
 ator from the State of New York, in the United States 
 Congress, offered a resolution of which the following is a 
 true extract : — ''The whole of the public land of the United 
 States, with the net proceeds of all future sales thereof 
 shall constitute and form a fund which is here))y appro- 
 priated, and the faith of the United States is pledged that 
 the said fund shall be inviolably applied, to aid the eman- 
 cipation of such slaves within any of the United States and 
 to aid the removal of such slaves and the removal of such 
 free persons of color in any of the said States, as by the 
 laws of the States respectively may be allowed to be 
 emancipated, to any territory or country without the limits 
 of the United ^tatts of America " 
 
 Tiie resolution was read and on motion of Mr. Benton, 
 of Alissouri, ordered to be printed. [Seuiite Journal, second 
 session, 18th Congress, 1824-'5, page 171, and Congresional 
 Debates, second session, 18th Congress lbt24-'o.] 
 
 The time has now more fully arrived when the spirit and 
 purpose of Senator King's resolution should be carried 
 into effect by the (iovernment of the United States, there 
 being no slaves, but some seven millions of *• free persons 
 of coJor '" within the said States who are the same persons 
 and their descendants referred to in the resolution, as 
 quoted above, which persons ought now to l)e colonized 
 not from a fund formed by tiie net proceeds of the saies of 
 the public lands, but by approi)riations from the public 
 Treasury for reasons hereinafter assigned and in the fol 
 lowing manner or by some better plan : 
 
 The late civil war between the States that freed the 
 negroes from slavery cost the country. North and >outh, 
 it has been estimated ni ne bi/li >hm o! dollars ; and by as- 
 suming that the slave population at the beginning of the 
 war or rather by the census returns of ISdi), was :5,1»5:{,700, 
 and free negroes 487 0:>(>. making a total cokuvd i)opiilation 
 at that timo of 4,441 Tod, which shows that each slave freed 
 by tlie operation of w.sr was $2,270 82 per capita, when one- 
 third oi this sum w<mld have more than freed every soul 
 of them by purchase and peaceful emancipation and by 
 
estimating the interest on the public debt from first to last 
 and the pension roll^ and other contingencies growing out 
 of the war and changed conditions of the Government, it 
 will be found that these, all combined, will swell the 
 amount to double the above figures of nine biUi'ns of 
 money. And unless the aforesaid free persons of color, 
 now citizens of the United States, will consent to fill a suh- 
 ordinate condition among the white citizens, there is 
 nothing, it must be confessed, more certain than that a 
 war of races, sooner or later will arise, nobody wants it, 
 or seeks it, whi e on the other hand nobody can pre\ ent 
 it, and when such a war comes it will again cost th- coun- 
 try untold millions of money and doubtless njany millions 
 of lives. The n-gro, it may be proper here to state, has 
 ever been the entire cause of the sectional disturbance and 
 ever will be the cause of all the trouble between the North 
 and the South, and for this reason alone he should be 
 eliminated, to sav nothing of his horrid untameabie na 
 ture, a- is so repeatedly evidenced by the unofficial record 
 and decrees of "Judge Lynches court," and of constant 
 race conflicts. 
 
 Negro colonization should, therefore, be at once adopted 
 and made the policy of ihe entire country and vigorously 
 carried into effect, while it may be done in a time of peace 
 and at comparatively small cost — if we consider the great 
 object to be attained. The longer delayed the more diffi- 
 cult and costly it will become. Besides it is not fair nor 
 just, ethnologically nor socially to thrust the burden of 
 all these millions of adverse and inharmonious incompe- 
 tents upon the shoulders of a superior and distinct race of 
 people, who have had to devise the ways and means of 
 government, for aU. and to legislate for all, and to provide 
 the means and measures for its maintenance and defence, 
 as well as to develop, improve and build up the country, to 
 say nothin^c of its original acquisition by arms, a,nd the ex- 
 f)enditure of much precious blood and vast sums of tre.i sure, 
 to which the colored race of people contributed neitlier the 
 one nor the other, by any voluntary patriotic acts on their 
 parts, their involuntary labor as slaves may have indirectly 
 aided in the d velopmejit of the Southern States agricul 
 turally. While the net usufiuct, during which time of 
 slavery, was mostly transfered to the Northern and West- 
 ern States for manufactured goods machinery and other 
 needed commodities, an I was amon-r the chief sources of 
 their wealth and advancement, but to both of these sec- 
 tions the w^ealth thus acquired was more than lost in the 
 late war, which resulted in the slaves' freedom ; and which, 
 war, slave rv Avas the direct and entire cause The DOor 
 
slaves in all these transactions from their capture in Africa 
 and shipment to America and their descendants born in 
 this country were made to play an unwilling part in which 
 they had neither volition nor control from beginning to 
 end. They are now by thejiat of war, made free men and 
 citizens, yet they lack much ; their future destiny is still 
 in the hands, and under the control of the white race. 
 They want, and must have a home ofthf ir own, and a sep- 
 erate autonomy. To procure which, is the object of this 
 paper, and which object has engaged the author s long 
 and earnest thoughts, though by no means weded to any 
 particular plan so long as the grand purpose is attained, 
 he would be more than content, he would rejoice ; and so 
 should the Nation, and every negro, UMtrk^^tnd -female, 
 should bless his God. and glory in his final good fortune — 
 should his segregation ever be accomplished. 
 
 It cannot be said that the Avhite man is not fully ade- 
 quate to the ends of good government, it being an '' ex- 
 ]iti Imenium cracis,'^ with him, he does not require the 
 negro's assistance in any sense, while but few, if any will 
 be found to assert that the negro alone, or yoked as he is, 
 and necessarily must be, in rear of the former, is ailequate 
 to any of the elements of good govermi ei^t, such as that he 
 now enjoys under the United States ; if. on the otlier hand, 
 ho is capable, then we are not giving him a fair chance to 
 develop these higher qualities by keeping him here 
 where his position must ever be a subordinate one in many 
 respects, and where in the long lapse of time, to say the 
 least, there will be great danger of his being again enslaved 
 or externunated, as a war of races, once started distinctly 
 as such, would never cease until one of two things would 
 result, either extermination, or slavery to the vanquished. 
 
 The rather wild and chaotic idea of attempting to bring 
 together the extremes of mankind, (the white and the 
 blac's races,) upon a common level of political e^iuality, 
 while the one is, and must ever be, debared social equality, 
 is an absurdity, to say the least of it, and only an igno- 
 ramus in ethical and ethnological science and philosophy 
 would think of it in that light, as it raises a direct antag 
 onism between the races and renders the whole scheme 
 eternally impossible and undesirable Theabhorent sug- 
 g- stion made some years back, in the hal s of Congress 
 of absorptio' I, by. amalgamation — otherwise called "misce- 
 genation " or more properly misc gtueraiioii, as .i Tueaiis 
 of negro extinguishment can never be ; it is against the 
 laws of Nature, especially in its higher and purer sense, 
 such co'iLci scendence would be fatal »nd ruinous — extermi- 
 nation would be far preferable to the higher race : Blood 
 
mining is alone the act of the vicious, that we occasionally 
 see among- us, as ^nanifested by the presence of repulsive 
 mongrels which can never be approved by the wise and 
 virtuous. This class of hybrids is in no sense desirable and 
 affords no descent grounds for any hope of escape in that 
 direction. 
 
 If it be true that the negro is increasing in the United 
 States ./Zyft per cent faster than the white man, with im- 
 migration superadded, which seems to be proven by the 
 census returns of 1880, which gives, white population 29 20 
 per cent increase, and colored popu'ation 34.67 per cent 
 increase within the decade from 1870 to 1880, showing -t 
 ditlerence of 5.47 per cent, increase in favor of the black 
 over the white population of the country, and that the 
 negroes now largely outnumber the whites in several of 
 the Southern States, and that, it is asc^erted, where there 
 will be a majority of that class of persons in nin^ of those 
 States at the close of the present century, a period only 
 twelve years from date, and at this rate of increase and 
 fecundity within a century, or less, the negroes will have 
 entire control ot all the "the cotton States "' of this Union 
 by a very large majority in numbers Living as they Are 
 under the shadow of the white uicin's protection by and 
 through his ingenuity and enterprise, which affords the 
 negro employment and ample means for subsistence, his 
 present rate of increase, it is reasonable to suppose, will be 
 fully maintained for centuries to come, or so long, at least, 
 as the superior race continues to prosper and to control — 
 a rate the negro would not keep up if alone, as is shown 
 on the large and fertile continent of Africa, and also in the 
 West India Islands, or wherever he has become isolated ; 
 But here for the foregoing reasons the white man. it would 
 seem, will have to retire from " the Gulf States," at least, 
 and be driven out of his own land by the force of numbers 
 alone when this fine country will be abanboned to the 
 negro and this part of the United States that but recently 
 cost so much of life and treasure to save as a whole, will 
 then become seperated and formed into a second Africa, 
 and thus commercially lost to the world and civilizatiori. 
 The negro, while exercising the equal "right of suffrage," 
 and of bearing arms, he will naturally want to monopolize 
 all public offices and will seek to govern and control 
 the country of his residence, and that too with a tyranni- 
 cal hand, as is his nature to do But will this save him ? 
 Under such a state of things the white citizens could no 
 longer remain in security of property or saf' ty oi person 
 Then the great question and issue will come up, will the 
 Qegro be allowed to hold in peaceful possession a jurisdic- 
 
tion thus acquired V Will the superior race tamely submit 
 and retire ?— hardly ; wh;itever the discrepancy in num- 
 bers ; what must follow V War! What then? Re-enslave 
 ment or extermination. 
 
 " For freeiora's battle once be^un, 
 Bequeat'i'd by blesdin? sire to son, 
 Though bafflod, oft is ever won." 
 
 The two uncongenial races, it is plain cannot live in 
 juxtaposition on terms of equality, they are even now 
 ioeiiigerent and are killing each other in many parts of the 
 country, more especial :y in the South, where the experi- 
 ment is being- better tested than elsewhere from the fact of 
 there being greater numbers associated (that is equalized 
 numbers.) See the New York World of June 10th, 18b8— an 
 article, — '' Disguised as a negro. A Wo) Id reporter blacks 
 up and tries the small hotels. Isot one will take him in 
 as g lest,'" showing the back skin, the shure proof of race 
 distinction is a.s obnoxious to the whites of the North as to 
 their brethren in the South. 
 
 The people of the Northern and Western States wilV, 
 however, have to move in this matter of negro coloniza 
 tion, and upon them and their alvocacy it will mainly de- 
 pend it ever carried out, as from that quarter of our com- 
 mon country, it is needless to repeat, we look for the sen- 
 timent and action, in the future, as in the past, that must 
 shape the de.-^tinies of tiie Republic, as the Southern land- 
 holder, notwitiistiindhig the facts (,f liace hostility, Avill 
 never consent to par b with the negro— come weal or' woe — 
 while he — the white man — owns an acre of las-d he Avill 
 want the negro to cultivate it for him and will be as loth 
 to yield him up as a free man as he was when the ne;.:ro was 
 Ills slave. They only "beg the question," who hold that 
 the negroes are wanted here for their labor : The negroes 
 thejuselves are rapidly entertaiidng other and far differ- 
 ent views—holding ollice and that of becoming a potent 
 politica: element in the affairs of this Government are 
 ' bu-ii/ bees" in their theoretical bonnets. 
 
 it is for the bes interest of the colored man, as well as 
 the white man, v/ith a sincere desire to place the colored^ 
 man, att«irhis long term of servitude in a position rhat 
 will turn the lesson of serv tudj to his final good, at all 
 events to put him in a position, as a free man, promising 
 the best auguries for his redemption and elevation among 
 the different human families of the Earth, an! if he fails, 
 it will forever settle the question of his competency for 
 enlightened self government, and will at the same time fix 
 his natural statii.> among the races of human kind. 
 
 L 
 
It is possible the cost of colonization might be greater 
 th ID estimated in the following approximative scheme aad 
 it migiit require a longer time for its exec3ution than sup- 
 posed, but should it cost double the sum, or if the emigra- 
 tion should require twice the time stated, it might be all 
 the better ; on the other hand should the nation b-^^come 
 impatient, by doubling the means could finish the job in 
 a decade ; but in any event, it should be promptly a i opted. 
 The estimates make no pretentions to accuracy tf detail, 
 they merely form an attempted skeleton to w^ork upon ; 
 for instaice, the supposition is that each transport ship 
 can be built ior |2a0,U00, this may not be half enough, but 
 this should make no difference when we come to consider 
 the Nation's constantly increasing ability ana the granduer 
 of the object to be attained 
 
 As a further p re-requisite to tho adoption and execution 
 of this plan ; an amendment to the Constitution would, 
 perhaps, have to be obtained in the usual way, giving au- 
 thority for the executio i of these measures, and to over- 
 come race or individual objections should such be mani- 
 fested iu opposition to the general plan for '' the gene rdl 
 welfare'' : Under this head, however, there seems to be 
 constitutional warrant. 
 
 Twenty transport steamships capable of carrying, be- 
 sides Oiiicers and cr -w, not less than 1,300 emigranis each, 
 and making two trips per month from the Gulf and At- 
 lantic ports, thence to liayti, Jamaica and Amazonia, up 
 the Arna^zon.river^in i^razil (restoring th-it name to the 
 maps ) and all who might desire to go lo Liberia, ( Africa) 
 by "this means removing, at least, 500,000 persons per 
 annum, at which, rate in eighteen years 9,000,000 or the 
 entire negro population of oar country ; thereby forever 
 ridding the United States of this disturbing and inharmo- 
 nious element of momentioas and alarming aspect, and of 
 threatening import. 
 
 To this end the riDvernment should negotiate the pur- 
 chase of adequite territory from the respective Govern- 
 ments, as follows • 
 
 Brazil 3O,OD0,O0a Acres. For say S6,00000). 
 
 nayti l-2,(>00,000 " " " 2,400,OjO. 
 
 Jiinaica 2,003,000 " " " 4 1-3,0110. 
 
 Africa 5,00 V'OO " " '* 1,010,00. 
 
 ( Add for rooks, ro.ids aad river beds, &(i.,&a.,2ii per cent.) 2,4 >0,000. 
 
 12,000,000. 12,i00,000 
 
 Total, 61 0000,00. Slsty-oae milii 3QS acres for. 
 
 twelve 'niilioas dollars, in r.-)U.i I mi a'") sr*, wliiih is eqaxl to 95 31-2^ 
 sqai.we miles, or three huadrel aai niue ailes dqaire, nearly, ct territory. 
 
if located in one body, and which at twenty cents per acre equals twelve 
 niiiiions and »wo liundrcd thousAnd dollars. 
 Thri colonists should bo disu Ibuted somewhat as follows : 
 
 Hay ti -J.-W^ooo. 
 
 Jamaica 5<K»,0i)0 
 
 Amazonia 4,U0(),000 
 
 Liberia, (Africa,) 2.0iKl,(.KH.). 
 
 Equals 9,000,000. 
 
 In Hayti, Jamaica and Liberia, there are already estab- 
 lished many neg-ro homes under local governments. The 
 colony in Amazonia could receive all the freed people of 
 color under the Brazilian Government, as it would be well 
 for them to unite, that government making the necessasy 
 arrangements to that end, by adding territory, &c. ISuch 
 colonies would be near neighbors and might confederate 
 as a union of negro states, for mutual protection, and such 
 a union would have a tendency to stimulate each other by 
 competition in the race of industry and enterprise among 
 the several states in the development of the arts and 
 sciences, literature and civlization, and by the application 
 of these to the well being of their respective common- 
 wealths. 
 
 They might readily establish annual exhibitions, first 
 in Hayti, she bein*,- the oldest in autonomy ; next in Ja- 
 maica, and lastly in Amazonia, and so on continually, and 
 in after years when these states shall be well advanced, all 
 being conveniently situated, their citizens might steam 
 across the Atlantic and exhibit with their brethren in their 
 original home and juother country 
 
 *^ These ai'r.mgements for the colored people would be 
 most fortunate and suc'h as no other people have had in 
 the outset of their nationality, and moreover this would 
 make a complete thing and a happy finality of the entire 
 negro question, and of slavery in America, both North and 
 South 
 
 Ail tliese colonies, if located as 'ndicated, would be nearer 
 to Africa, (wliich country jniis!" ever be reg.irded by the 
 colored pe )ple everywhere with peculiar interest as the 
 mother country of the race,) than any other parts of the 
 American continent North and South, being situated in a 
 congenial climate and fertile soil. The colored people 
 should embra,ce such an opportunity, if offered, with zeal 
 a;ivl proaiofcness • Here they would be left alone to work 
 out their destiny free from all race interference and perse- 
 cation These colonies should be self sustaining within a 
 very short period, if not, from the beginning ; three of tliem 
 being within a few days, or hours, sail from the points 
 of embarkation, besides many of such emigrants being 
 already in possession of considerable wealth, which could 
 be transmitted in money and much of it in kind. 
 
 Under these operations the Southern States would be 
 
10 
 
 gradually filled up by an incoming homogeneous class of 
 citizens quite as fast as the colored population retired, 
 the want of which has been, and yet is, the source of all 
 sectional bad feeling, and at the close of eighteen years 
 those States w^ould be far better off — more prosperous and 
 wealthy than ever before, and which would be permanent; 
 on the other hand should these precautionary measures be 
 neglected, we have a right to be fully imi:)ressed with the 
 belief that the xlmeri.'an people for their folly and blind- 
 ness will cause the allwise Creator of Heaven and Earth 
 to feel disappointed wdth them, and Who will not be recon 
 ciled for their unpardonable neglect, in this respect, and 
 which fatal omission on their part may confound them as 
 a Nation and a people. This is a pivotal question, as race 
 persecution will surely become rife, a.nd retaliative in the 
 course of time, and it may be very soon. 
 
 Divide these emigrants into families, or households, of 
 ten each and allot to each of such families fifty acres of 
 land, and where there is no water wells will have to be 
 dug or cisterns built, to be equally shared by each mem- 
 ber thereof, with a house thereon adequate for shelter only 
 — with one year" s supply of provision -and no more -with 
 a clear understanding of these facts, — leave the colonists 
 to shift for themselves in future. In this way we shall 
 have done our who e duty and a noble part by them. 
 
 For the want of sufficient data, any specific detail will 
 be avoided of the necessary expenditure, only giving in 
 general terms the amount of the outfit, as folio vv^s : 
 
 Twenty transport steamships with a carrying capacity 
 of not less thau twelve hundred emigrants each — plus 
 officers and crew. 
 
 Tsventy steam sa,wmills, of say, forty horse power each ; 
 forty engineers ; two hundr^ed carpeaters ; four hundred 
 axemen and laborers. 
 
 Four land surveyors, with men and outfit. 
 
 T\venty ox wagons and forty yoke of oxen, with drivers 
 complete. 
 
 One hundred camp tents, for outpost duty, all of which 
 should precede the emigrants by six months, at least 
 
 A commissioner to sui^erintend emigration at each 
 port and colony. 
 
 The first year's outlay, including |4. 000, 000 for twenty 
 ships and §12,000 000 for territory v/ould be about $71,000,- 
 OJO, and for each year thereafter about .$")5,000,000, aggi'e- 
 gating (.$1,000,000,000,) one billion and six millions of dol- 
 lars, or say in round numbers one billion of m ney, aver- 
 aging per capita §111.00, assuming 9,000,00 J as the number 
 to be removed and colonized, a sum the Nation could supply 
 
11 
 
 without serious inconvenience, ranging through a course 
 of eighteen years ; small indeed for such a grand deliver- 
 ance. 
 
 This plan, if put into execution, would open up on the 
 Amazon, a hitherto inaccessible wilderness country of great 
 density of forest growth and inexhaustable fertility of soil, 
 that could never, perhaps, be reached and reclaimed and 
 made the habitation of man in any other way, by any 
 o'her race of men. The timber alone if sawn into lumber 
 and shipped to the different ma,rkets of the world would 
 be of great value, and would pay a large profit to those 
 engaged in that sort of traffic. It w^ould especially aid the 
 emigrants with a great and lucrative industry in their 
 homes, and at the beginning of a new life, and finally, we 
 may here say, while it is quite clear, from all the facts in 
 the case, that the negro, " by hook or by crook," in our 
 hands has been a very expensive article to handle, from 
 first to last, yet it has not been by his act, except recently, 
 and thus far we have but little to charge him with. The 
 fault of his being here, the cost of his freedom and of get- 
 ting him away, if it shall ever be done, lies at our door and 
 is ours wholly, his dei^ortation and colonization should 
 command the most serious consideration, on the part of 
 every statesman in the land and the active co-operation 
 of every man, woman and child in the United' States, 
 whether fhey be whi e or black. 
 
 The Hebrews must have numbered three and a half 
 millions of people, having an army of six hundred thous- 
 and men, this host managed to get up out of Egypt en 
 mci^se* 
 
 After the Romans captured Cornith, 13. C, 14''>, the slave 
 trade market was transfered from the former city to DeJos', 
 a Cxrecian island in the 2E :;eiin sea and snch was the extent 
 and completeness of the business, according to Strabo^ that 
 
 * Exodus, Chap. XII ; Vs. -<!. Ami it came to pas? at the end of four 
 hundred and thirty years, even the self same day. it came to pass, that all 
 the hosts of the Lo~d went out of the land of E^ypt. 
 
 Verse 42. It is a night to be much observed for hringintr them out of the 
 land of Egypt. '1 his is the night to be ob.served by all the children of 
 I.sreil in their gener ition-^. 
 
 Elsewliere the Bible a .-count says : Genesis, XV Chap., Verse 13 Know 
 of a surety th it thy seed shall be a str^.ngor in a land that is not theirs, 
 and .-liall serve th ?m ; and th'iy shall afflict them four hundred years. 
 
 Kxoilu-, Chap. Xf, Verse 4. And Moses said, thus saith the Lord. 
 About midnight will I go out in the midst of Egypt. Verse 5 And all the 
 fi st born in tae land of Egypt shall die, from 'he palace down to the 
 maid servant that is behin<l the mill; and al' the fi-st born of beasts 
 
 Why did Moses wish to inform the people of the hour, and why should 
 that tiour be ar, midnight wnen all were souudly asleep? except It waa 
 that the Hebrew h;»sts should take advantage o*" it to discomfit theiir 
 enemies, the Egyptians, to slay them'and their beasts. 
 
12 
 
 ten thousand slaves could be received in a day and shipped 
 the same day, and if it were continuous, was equal to 
 3,650 000 per annum. Surely this great American JN^ation 
 could transport quite as many, aii acting willingly and 
 conjointly, at which rate, in two years and six months 
 9,125,000 '"'Freedmen" could be conveyed and colonized, 
 but it would not be necessary to be so expeditious, and the 
 above facts are merely cited to show how feasible the plan 
 is, in order to silence those who cry out : ''Impossible^ it 
 caiiH he doue, &c 
 
 Let it not be inferred, for one moment, that the author 
 is an enemy to, or has any ill feelinj^ against the colored 
 people of this country, but to the contrary, he stands 
 ready and willing \>o advocate an appropriation, for this 
 purpose, as any mm in the coiiutry. He is willing to ap 
 prove the expeaiiture of ')!ie billion of dollars in the effort 
 to procure them a home of their own, wiiere they may 
 dwell under the shade of their own vine and lig tree, and 
 none shall dare make them afraid; in this direction the au 
 thor is willing to go as far as he who goes farthest While 
 recognizing fully the natural distinction and the impass- 
 able social gulf that lies between the white man and the 
 black. 
 
 It may be truchfu'ly said, whether the American 
 negro is really iit for free citizenship or not, he 
 eercainly has b33n greatly benefltteJ by his late condition 
 of slavery and is nov7 the most advanced negro on the globe 
 and is far ahead of the very best to be found on the entire 
 coutinent of Africa rfis subjugation here has brought 
 him greater good than could have been conferred upon him 
 in any other way in the same time, but Vv^hether he will 
 holt! these benefits permanently, and for all time, is among 
 the unsolved problems of the ui known future ; thus far it 
 seeai^ doubtful, yet vva mast nob allov\r this doubt by any 
 means, to interfere with a fair trial to bring him forward. 
 in some such manner as has been suggested, though his 
 future outcome, after we shall have put him in the way, 
 will rest v/ith himself entirely 
 
 Abraham, the Jewish patriarch, a,nd his descendants, 
 the Israelites, sprang from a nieghboring nation,* situ- 
 a,ted at no great distance from the house of their bondage, 
 who may have been not wholly dissimilar to the Egyp- 
 tians themselves, who, it is said", held the Abrahamic peo- 
 ple in vassalage for a term of four hundred and thirty 
 
 Gene»is, Chap XI, Verse S8 " And Haran died before his father Tera.h, 
 iu the Ian 1 of his nK,rivit7ia LJr of the Chafdf^es." 
 
 This Ur ijf the Caalaees is saopposed.to have beea near to Arabia, or 
 ptrhaps, witliiu its borders. 
 
13 
 
 yeirs, a far greater length of time than the negroas wert* 
 held in slaver3% first in the Colonies and afterwards in the 
 United States of America, which began in 1620, by the im- 
 portation of twenty slaves from Africa to Jam.estown, Va., 
 and which in 1049 we learn, had increased to '' 3 JO negro 
 
 * servants, ■' and which system of negro slavery was declared 
 forever abolished Avithin the jurisdiction of the United 
 States by President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation of 
 January 1st. 1863, and ratified by the States interested, 
 after the close of the Civil War in 1835. as then held in fif- 
 teen states of the American Union, numbering full four 
 millions of people, who, it vv^as claimed by those in author- 
 ity, had assimilated in enlightenment and intelligence, to 
 the governing race, as to fit them for the exercise of the high- 
 est citizenship (of the correctness of this vie w,however,many 
 of the ablest and best informed citizens of our oountry enter- 
 tain the gravest doubts,) this barbarian race, but condi- 
 tionally semi-civilized people, it will be observed, was held 
 in servitude here not quite one-half the time the Israelites 
 were eld in Egypt, notwithstanding the most marked race 
 differences that is possible to be, between the late masters 
 and slaves with us. The Jews never became citizens of 
 Egypt, but were always held in a state of subordination 
 
 •rhere, though Ave have evidence of the fact thcit some of the 
 Hebrews rose to tlie highest places of public trust and dis- 
 tinction . until the " Bx >dus," proving conclusively that 
 different nationalities, — and fa-r less races, — do not har- 
 m )nize nor associate under one polity, but adverse social 
 conditions, on terms of peace and safety, there are no 
 known instances that the author is aware of in history of 
 their havinac done so, for any length of time, except, per- 
 haps, under the military organization and government of 
 Genghis Kiian, and his immediate successors; Avho enforced 
 religious toleration and equality. Why have we not made 
 a citizen of the American Indian (Red Man), Ave ha^ve had 
 quite as long acquaintance and equal experience Avith him 
 as AAdth the negro and yet the prevailing sentiment ap- 
 pears to be "extermination " as to him. The Red Man is 
 t ibooed and declared a nuis.ince, toAvards Avhom there is 
 
 •little or no sympathy either felt, or expressed. Why have 
 the Chinese so recently been debarrcvd from coming to and 
 settling in our country, CA^en as laborers? it is becau.-!e, it is 
 
 I ailirmed, of ra?.e incompatibility, notwithstanding our 
 recent proud boast of America being the asylum and home 
 of all the onpres.^ed nationalities of Karth. The Jews, 
 who have been forced to try all countries, are yet a distinct 
 people in each, and so of the ancient Persians, as seen in 
 the Paraees^iYie ancient Egyptians as seen in the C-pts; the 
 
14 
 
 Turks, the Arabs, the Mongolians, the Gipsies, the Pa- 
 riahs, the Blieels, the Goonds, the Coolees, and iShanars of 
 Eastern Asia, and many others the world over, all of whom 
 refuse to assimilate, or by the laws of nature cannot be 
 made homogeneous. The Dutch in America remain suffi- 
 ciently distinct, after centuries of continuous residence here 
 as to be known, in certain sections, by sight and speech, 
 and in the course of time, it is highly probable, may return 
 to original type and language, more especially so should 
 the States or sections at any time in the far future become 
 seperate jurisdictions. 
 
 The races of mankind follow the laws of nature, as much 
 so as the other living things of Earth. There are beasts of 
 prey, birds of prey, reptiles of prey, insects of prey, and 
 fishes of prey, even from the largest to the smallest — and 
 their opposite •. Creatures of similitude might be supposed 
 to feed upon the same kind of food, for who could teli from 
 appearances Avhy hawks should not feed on garbage as the 
 ravens, or bears on grass as the ox and horse, or why should 
 not the lion and tiger live as the bear, or again, v.diy should 
 the hornet prefer tlie fly for food instead of rhe honey of 
 the flower, as the bee, it seems to be she food that crea- 
 tures feed on that determines their condition of life and 
 their perfect adaptation to the same, and this is 
 fixed by the law of nature, and though we may attempt to 
 dam out this fixed principle on one side it will flow in on 
 the other unalterably. One snake, it is said, will swallow 
 another snake in the absence of more choice food, we will 
 suppose, and it is claimed the Boa Constrictor will drink 
 cows milk with avidity if it cannot get a hare or a kid and 
 when the mmi of prey is debarred the food he most likes, 
 — flesh, bloody and uncooked, and human flesh at that, he 
 may be taught to eat vegetables and fruits; but of all sub- 
 stitutes, the one most distasteful to him is ''dry bread," — 
 which is "the staff of life" to the civilized white man. 
 The negro has an instinctive craving after human flesh 
 over all other kind of food, and which he ultimately finds, 
 if left alone, and untrammelled, to seek it Such is his 
 condition, if we are to credit the accounts of recent trav- 
 ellers and v/riters from the interior of Africa, and the West 
 India Islands. This is also the exact condition of the 
 Australian and South Sea Islanders. While we nowhere 
 read in history th'it the Aryan race was ever addicted to 
 this lothesome habit. 
 
 There is no such thing as onensss in the races, as we now 
 see them, whatever may have been primordialiy their 
 condition. It should be remembered that America is not 
 the first and only civilized nation of people on Earth, nor 
 
has she numbered centuries to enable her to determine of 
 herself the absolute status of this type of man, conti-ary to 
 history and known facts. We are told that the leopard 
 cannot change his spots, nor the Ethiopian his skin, i. e., 
 the negro his black color, any more than he can his san- 
 guinary cannibal appetite, in the interior of "the Dark 
 Continent ;" and just as difficult will it be found to make 
 a highly civilized citizen of him. The experiment may be 
 and, perhaps, ought to be fairly tried, or not at all, sepa- 
 rate and a.part from overpowering surronnding interfer- 
 ence, otherwise it will surely be a failure with injurious 
 effect to the experimenters. 
 
 These may be regarded as gloomy and discouraging 
 views and comments, but should they be put to the test 
 ami x^rove erroneous, they can do no harm ; for that effi- 
 cient and filial test the author feels the deepest solicitude, 
 although it can never take place 'in his time and day. 
 
 It matters not whether this peculiarity comes by selec- 
 tion and long usage, or whether innate from the beginning, 
 it is unnecessary to inquire here, suffice it to say, it is, as 
 we observe it, fixed nature, with all living things, and why 
 not man ? And hence we cannot see any possible chance, 
 by the use of any artiiicial means, or' fo)ced measures, 
 within the rea/jh and power of man to change this, were 
 it at ail desirable to do so, which it cannor be,— else the 
 All-wise woukl have made them differently. These funda • 
 mental race differences are the source, Mnd it may be said 
 the just source, of all race prejudices, dislikes and incura- 
 ble incongruities, with no possible hope of a change, and 
 hence again the duty arises of setting apart and colonizing 
 the negro population of the United States as the only al- 
 ternative, out side of total extermination, or modified rer 
 enslavement, so much to be dreaded in the long lapse of 
 time. 
 
 By such a course civilized man will have done his whole 
 duty towards this lower order of man, and hereafter will 
 dir^cern his proper course by simply everywhere letting 
 him alone, Avhen not in the way, and by promptly remov- 
 ing or eontroling him where he is, on the other hand when- 
 ever the savage, or semi civilized man voluntarily asks for 
 reasonable aid, instruction, or assistance, yield it to him, 
 if it be convenient and prudent to do so, should such aid 
 &c , be properly appreciated, that would be fulfillingour 
 Avhole duty towards that clas-s of mankind. If there be 
 any good in him, he will improve by example,butif not, no 
 force will bring it forth, and to hot bed it out of him, as it 
 v.-ere, against nature up to our standard, if it could be done 
 at all, is no part of our duty and is flving in the face of 
 Deity. 
 
. 10 
 
 The savage requires to he coerced before lie can be 
 taught usei'uhiess or becomes half civilized even, and 
 witli some races that fails after ages of trial. Therefore 
 so long as they keep to themselves it will be best to let 
 them severly alone— as race — tribal, or national civiliza 
 tion is a work of very slow grov/th at best, and is 
 necessarily so in order to be permanent, and must come 
 from inherent evolution, built upon time and recognized 
 neceseity, passively inculcated, not forced, nor imported 
 of exotic fungus growth. 
 
 All experiments or inovatlons upon race habits and cus- 
 toms must fail, if not in some way first invited and compre- 
 hended on the part of the race operated upon " Do men 
 gather grapes of thorns, or h^rs of thistles ?^' furthermore we 
 are admonished against throwing '• pearls before swine," 
 &c. There is a civliz ition that does not civilize, and a Chris- 
 tianity that does not christianize, and here we have it. 
 
 instead oi hudrHing the various races of mankind to 
 gether as in the United Statt-s of America the rule should 
 be to carefully separate from all race admixture where 
 nature has so distinctly marked it as such, for whenever 
 we run counter to the lav/s of nature there we make con- 
 fusion. '■ iS"ature abhors'' confusion as stoutly as she 
 does -a, ^' vacuum'^ {ill the langup.ge of the older philoso- 
 phers.) To a patriotic ear it is a startling cry, to hear, in 
 this land, politicians often prating of " the German vote,"' 
 "the Irish vote," and ' the negro vote," it sounds ominous 
 of overthrow of principles, and perhaps of governmjnt it- 
 self, especially if the last named race shall remain, multiply 
 and replenish as before indicated. That is the object of 
 this effort, and the highest duty of this nation, to prevent, 
 — the word nation here means the dominant Caucasian 
 Anglo Saxon race of people and nobody else 
 
 It seems to be as much as the Caucasian, the highest 
 type of man, can do to keep his own head well above 
 water, working with the very best of material. 
 
 " Setting: iiis staff with ail his sliill to keep him sicker, 
 Tho' leewards whiles agaiast his will he takes a bicker." 
 
 Civilization, like "liberty requires eternal vigilence." 
 The negro neither possesses this forecast nor appreciation 
 if we are to judge of him by what we know of him in the 
 history of the past Then v.^hat obliquity of judgment is 
 it, that bewilders some men's minds to be ever seeking to 
 work upon the very refuse of nature, among the genus 
 homo, far off from their own kith and kin, in many known 
 instances, to the neglect of their own offspring at home, 
 sacrificing their time, labor and means, utjon impossibiii- 
 
17 
 
 ties, all such ought not to be classed higher in the scale of 
 humanitarianism than benighted fanatics, or " cranks,''' 
 who seem to think God has created certain men, 
 after their race kind, so horridly bad in " the get up,'' that 
 unless these are taken in hand and "shaped up" by such 
 experts to ruit their views, there will be a catastrophe; 
 the Maker, as they seem to think, being unable or un^yill- 
 ing, to do more in the matter, and that somebody else is to 
 be held responsible for ciU such barbarism ; a natural condi- 
 tio: '.that it has not been His good pleasure to alter, or 
 make otherwise It is self evident that because some races 
 have worked out for themselves, by the faculties given 
 them, a higher civilization, they cannot beheld responsible 
 in any respect for the condition of others, and to argue 
 otherwise, as some do, is to confound all common sense and 
 to yield the whole question at issue completely. It is some- 
 what puzzling to say which of the two characters is to be 
 most laughed at, the fanaUccd exjjtrt, or mere manbrtite, 
 which latter is the former's object of affected sympathy 
 to the entire exchision of all others who have a kiAvful and 
 natural right to claim his or their attention and alTection- 
 ate regard, but receive it not Dr David Livingston, the 
 great African traveller and explorer, 'ragged a devoted and 
 loving wife into the deadly pestilential wilds of tropical 
 interior Africa ;ind buried her under a '' JBoahabtre^,'''' and 
 then left his orphan children at home to shift as they could 
 Avithout a father's protection, and lastly perished himself 
 in the Lago ns and swamps of a trackless country amid a 
 tameless barbarism, and the only good he ever accom- 
 plished, so far as can be seen, v»'as to trace the upper 
 sources of the Kiver Nile, a few leagues further south than 
 was done by his countryman, James Bruce, over a hundred 
 year^ ago. (The writer, in 1851, had the opportunity of 
 meeting and conversing with this noted traveller on board 
 a lied Sea steamer, he then being just out of Africa and on 
 his way to Egypt, in order to re-enter "the Dark Conti- 
 nent '■) w^ho says, in his journal, "The Arabs of Zanzibar 
 are Arabs just as they would be anywhere on Earth, the 
 Arab never changes, wherever he goes he carries the cus- 
 toms, dress and characteristic peculiarities wliich distin- 
 guish the exactest representaiion of his race in their own 
 countries,"' which adds another proof, were it wanted, of 
 the unalterable nature of all distinct races of men. An- 
 other distinguished and learned v.'riter has said " At some 
 future period, not very distant, as measured by centuries, 
 the civilized races of man will almost certainly exterminate 
 and replace the savage races throughout the world At 
 the same time the anthroi)omorphous apes, as I^rofessor 
 
18 
 
 Shaaffhausen has remarked, will, no doubt, be extermi- 
 nated. The break between man and his nearest allies 
 will then be wider, for it will intervene between man in a 
 more civilized state, as we may hope, even than the Cau- 
 casia.n and some ape as low as a baboon, instead of as now 
 between the negro, or Australian and the gorilla." 
 
 The unpleasant conclusion is forced upon the mind that 
 cannibalism-^ is freely indulged, in many parts of interior 
 Africa to this day, by the natives, and it seems highly prob- 
 able, were it not for the ' slave cracle,'" now chiefly carried 
 on by Arab traders, which helps to keep down population, 
 ma 't, bating ^YOu\d be almost universal among them but 
 for this and European inlluence and interference, on the 
 coasts, a.nd in Southern and j>Torthern Africa, this barba- 
 rian habit would exist f i om the most Southern Cape to the 
 confines of Egypt and the Saharas, as rife as at any former 
 period in the history of that degraded people, and would 
 if left entirely alone be speedily re umed, there can be no 
 good reason to doubt. The slave trade as formerly con- 
 fined to the frontiers and coasts, and now carried on 
 in the interior, is cruel and shoe ^ing to the sense of civi- 
 lized man, but to the natives this must be a preferable 
 fate, of some ap})reciuble value, in their escaping a v\^orse 
 doom, often intiicted by their own chiefs, in the s aughier 
 pens and shambles of central Africa, upon large nuinbers 
 of victims of both sexes, but principally women and youths, 
 to sa,tlate the tiger like a[}petite of this prognothous race. 
 With us, ail such crime and brutality would be cJassed cis mur 
 der and punished with death. We have no means of knov/- 
 ing, however, in the absence of this restraint, what would 
 be the outcome, in this rega,rd, with the negro population in 
 America. We knovv' enough to be convinced of the incom- 
 patibility of the two races living together in peace and 
 harmony under political equality, wdth a constant tendencj^ 
 to infringe upon impossible social equality, othervv^ise 
 thai) mongrelism and universal ruin as a nation and as a 
 people 
 
 it is fully admitted, by ethnologists, that the negro is a 
 tropical race, and hence should be located in a c imate 
 that suits liim best let the man and nature harmonize as near 
 as may be for his future good. It is not intended to make 
 this a scientific treatise by any means, yet it may be here 
 stated as a fact by those vmo have fully investigated this 
 subject, that ' the brain of the Caucasian averages ninety- 
 two cubic inches ; that of the negro seoeidy-jive to eighty- 
 fioe inches." V'^hicli gives a general average of fifteen per 
 cent, in favor of the Caucasian race intellectually, this 
 difference, like an "inch in a man's nose," is very great. 
 
19 
 
 The author of this treatise has been anxiously waiting 
 and hoping that some abler hand than his would have 
 taken hold of this momentous question of national breadth 
 and brought it before the Government and all the people in 
 such a comprehensive and adequate form as to attract the 
 attention of the entire country and so to make it the all 
 absorbing question of the age, and thereby secure for it 
 universal assent and approval; such, doubtless, would have 
 been the case but for the complex condition of political 
 sentiment among us. All parties seem rigidly to steer clear 
 of all measures that do not promise political strength, 
 whatever may be the gravity and meritorious necessity for 
 the adoption of such measures. They are reciprocally too 
 suspicious of each other either for good government, or 
 concert of action, upon really national measures of the 
 deepest and gravest concern This appeal and imperfect 
 presentation of facts is, therefore, made to all the people 
 of a common country, just at a time when a great and 
 heated political contest will have been settled atthe ballot 
 box, and the calm judgment of the :N"cition may be solicited 
 upon an ai^proaching issue greater than any the country 
 has hitherto known. 
 
 To undertake to establish citizenship upon the basis of 
 political equality— the only one this Republic could adopt 
 —where there are unalterable natural barriers to prevent, 
 must strike every order of mind with convincing force and 
 paradoxical absurdity of the success of such experiment. 
 
 The following article is clipped from the Baltimore SiDi 
 of January 27th, 1888, as tending to the same point, but 
 the scheme set forth therein is wholly inadequate to ac- 
 complish the ends in view : 
 
 •Thk Proposed Colqred Exodus to South AjiERrcA. — V special from 
 IndianaDClis says : ' Col. A A. Jones, of the State auditor's office, who is 
 coonecte i with the litest proposed exoJus of negroes from the Southern 
 States to South America, talks freely about the scheme. He is an active 
 friend of all mov'imeuts for the impiovemcnt of the condition of his race 
 nd was ensraged in the fii'>t exodus of 1879. He acoomp-vnied Governor 
 uamberhiin. together with several colored men, to South Carolina from 
 lassachu-^ettes and entered heartily into that move'rent. * This exodus, 
 ne said, "will be (ffectualiy i.ushed, and hj May 1 we expect to get our 
 first party on the road. There are no hi^adquarters as yet. The move- 
 ment is very young— less than a month old so far a-j active work is con- 
 c-irned. Headquarters will be established probablv in New York. Wo 
 shall have three agents m Cincinnati, one ;:t St. Louis and one at Chicago. 
 I am agent at th's pomt v<'e hive some of the best people in the country 
 interested— men who are willing to ^o down into their Dockets for the 
 relief of their oppressed brethren We have some colored people in this 
 country pr«itty well fixed, an-i they are committed to the work. There is 
 no fixed amount of capital. We hope to acco-nplish by the exodus, first 
 and foremost, protection Thi , is not a questiim o' politics a* the bottom, 
 altdou?!! it will, of course, have some political bearing. Why, do you 
 know that in the last fifteen years 'i8,000 black people have been killed In 
 
20 
 
 the South for their politiCdl opinion^! and notbinir has been done to rem- 
 edy the maiter? It is life or death with us prim-trily. We are tired of 
 having Kepresentatives in Conjjress upon a voting population that has no 
 representation. There is no other re.-cedy; so we p"opose to pull out. 
 The colored man has developed and made the South what it is, and the 
 white laborer could not and cannot do the work that our people do. The 
 Southerners will find the difference/ when they have to use white labor. 
 We have selected South America for a location because of its climate and 
 the adaptability of the soil to produce aiticles such as the colored people 
 are accustomfd to raising. We have investigated ttie couutrv and re- 
 ceived favorable reports Our people do not want to come North and 
 West becau^je of the climatic conditions and because the prejudice 
 against a black face follows them even there In South America, as well 
 as in some other parts of the world, the color of the skin does not bar a 
 man out of the race for the best We sball start our emigrants from 
 Eastern points I can't speak any more definitely now than to say that a 
 Boston line running to Brazil will carry passengers at S14 a head That 
 certainly is cheap enough. We have agents at work in the South now,and 
 we shall get as many emigrants as possible out of Mississippi, Louisiana 
 and Alabama, while not neglecting Missouri and Kentucky, and if there is 
 not a big emigration before next summer, then I miss my guess.' " 
 
 On page five, line fourteen from the top, omit the words 
 "male and female;" line forty-one on same page, for 
 abhorent, read abhorrent; on page six, hne five, for 
 descent, read decent; on same page, line thirty-eight, for 
 seperate, read separate. In places of imperfect typogra- 
 phy and punctuation, the reader will supply the needed 
 emendation in this copy. 
 
« +