Class. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT A./ll'^ V/IX'' 'H^ '11'^ ''111 '/|\ 'll\^ ^/IIX ^/)l>^ '/IV^ '/M^ ''"' CX' \ \ ll ' \\ WCriOMABY opBlfPALO NIAGARA FALL TOHAWAMDA &VI(IM1TY ^ d The Peter Paul Book Company - Buffalo. J; 'x ^^ •'/ s^'V \'^/ O''/ v"- >''' n'^/ ^'^ \'^ ^^'/ N^'^ ^^'^Cv]; Priirtiitfl * Department HIGH GRADE COMMERa ALAND PROFESSIONAL STATIONERY ^ BUSINESS CARDS \^ UNIQUE ADVERTISING DRCULARS ^ PROGRAMS ^ MENU CARDS ^ BOOKLETS AND BROCHURES \^ ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES ^ STOCK CER- TIFICATES ^ AND ANYTHING AND EVERY- THING THAT IS TO BE PRINTED ^ Ji ^ \^ vmmm Department WE PUBLISH HISTORICAL WORKS ^ HCTION ^ POETRY ^ BOOKS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY ^ DOMESTIC ECONOMY^ MUSICAL HISTORY^ BIBLIOGRAPHIES l^ EDUCATIONAL WORKS ^ ^ ^ OUR SERVICE INCLUDES INSPECTION OF MSS, ^ A GENERAL SUPERVISION THROUGH THE PRESS ^ ADVERTISING ^ SALES ^ ^ \^ Department COPPER PLATE AND DIE ENGRAVING ^ ARMS ^ CRESTS ^ MONOGRAMS ^ ADDRESSES ^ WEDDING INVITATIONS AND VISITING CARDS ^ ^ ^ SKETCHES FROM ORIGINAL DESIGNS FURNISHED Jt THE LATEST SOCIAL FORMS AND STYLES ^ SAMPLES AND ESTIMATES GIVEN ^ OUR IMPRINT IS A GUARANTEE ^' Bindery « Department BOOK BINDING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ^ SPEQAL OFFERS MADE TO SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES IN QUANTITIES ^ MAGAZINE BIND- ING ^ MISSING NUMBERS FOUND Ji WE MANU- FACTURE ALL KINDS OF BLANK BOOKS FROM THE LARGEST LEDGER TO THE SMALLEST Jr A.OO x5C/v-/K. f^ t^ t^ «^ t^ (^ !^ ^^ t< population, situated about midway between the cities of Buffalo and Dunkirk, and two miles from Lake Erie. Commodious hotels and enter- prising business houses, backed by such manufacturing industries as the extensive plant of John Lyth's Sons, tile works ; the Candee Lock Compa- ny, brass founders ; Bundy Brothers, merchant millers, and Stocker & Lytle's saw and planing mill, have es- tablished the reputation of this outly- ing suburb of Buffalo as a business center. Eight local passenger trains daily each way, over the L. S. & M. S , Nickel Plate and the W. N. Y. & P. railroads afford excellent opportunities for getting to or from the city. Ango- la's crowning glory is the summer season and her lake camps. Of these Camp Bennett is the oldest and best known of any on the lakeshore. Hundreds of Buffalonians are acquaint- ed with this camp. Adjoining this camp is Lake Bay Grove, with some twenty-five or thirty cottages embow- ered in a forest of trees that cover a bluff overlooking the lake. Angola- on-the-lake and Iroquois Beach is a continuation of this same wooded bluff and contains the pretty summer cot- tages of several of Buffalo's substan- tial citizens. That the roads around Angola and the lake are well adapted to bicycling, is borne out by the fact that the several bicycle clubs of the city have long since made this place an objective point. Apartment Houses. — Like most large cities, Buffalo has a goodly show- ing of elegant apartment houses. Sev- eral are elaborate examples of archi- tectural skill, fire-proof, with every device to add elegance and comfort. The Bachelor, located at the southeast corner of Franklin and Tup- per Streets, is a four-story structure intended to be occupied as an apart- APA ment-bouse exclusively for gentlemen. The building was designed especially for this purpose, so it furnishes the bachelor the greatest amount of com- fort possible. The building is finished interiorly with oak and Georgia pine, and the plumbing and ventilation are arranged on the most approved prin- ciples of modern sanitation. All apart- ments are provided with steam heat, gas, hot and cold water, fire-places, mantels and closets. All apartments on the first fioor and. apartment 6 on the second floor have separate baths. Other apartments have a study and two bedrooms, and are intended for two tenants. All other apartments have a study and one bedroom. The building is under the charge of a resi- dent janitor. Rentals of these apart- ments range from $i8 to I38 per month. The Marlborough, situated at the southwest corner of Allen and Mariner Streets, is a handsome apart- ment house, which was completed in January, 1896. It is built of Medina brown stone, red and buff brick, four stories, and contains eight fiats, which are provided with all the modern con- veniences and heated by a combination of warm air and hot water. The main entrance, which is upon Mariner Street, is of polished oak and plate glass. The apartments rent from I35 to $50 per month, which includes the use of natural gas range and janitor service. The Markeen, which at present is the largest apartment house in Buffalo occupies the desirable site corner of Main and Utica Streets. The structure is six stories high in front, with an additional story in the rear. The base is of Medina brown stone, the other stories being light brick with terra cotta trimmings ; while the balconies are of iron. It contains about 48 apartments so arranged that lessees can rent one chamber and bath or six or more rooms for housekeeping, with natural gas ranges if desired, or, ten- ants may board by the week or meal in the caf6 which is conducted in the basement. The interior finish is ma- hogany throughout, and thoroughly fire-proof. The Hudson, at No. 313 Hudson Street, is one of the handsomest apart- ment houses in the city, and was erected in 1896. The building is of bufT brick with white terra cotta trim- mings, with a foundation of Medina sandstone. It has six family apart- ments which are all finished in white enamel paint and polished floors. Each apartment has seven rooms, with bath and laundry, the rooms are heated by steam and each flat provided with a natural gas range. The rental of these flats is I45 per month, including janitor service. The Valois, 294 Hudson Street, at the head of Cottage Street, occupies space on the old Sidway property. The style is French Gothic. It is built of brick, the front being built of Roman-shaped buff brick trimmed with Ohio buff sandstone. The floor of the main entrance is of mosaic tile, with marble trimmings, and the halls are floored with white oak. These beautiful flats rent from $25 to 145 per month including hot and cold water with natural gas range and janitor service. The La Salle, situated at the southeast corner of Chippewa and Georgia Streets is another handsome apartment house. The style followed is Italian Renaissance, containing eighteen apartments arranged for housekeeping, and six small apart- ments en suite with parlor, bedroom, bath, etc. All the halls are finished in quartered white oak with hardwood floors, while the rooms in the apart- ments are finished in enamelled paints of various tints. The building is equipped with two of the safest and ARC— ART most efficient hydraulic passenger ele- vators, and each apartment is supplied with a separate and fire-proof locker in tiie basement. Apartments may be leased single or en suite at the usual rates. The Osborne, another imposing building of stone and buff brick, four stories high, having 139 x 40 feet front, situate at 262 Delaware Avenue, was erected in 1895. There are 28 suites of apartments in the house, eight on each tioor. The suites are single and double, and consist of parlor, two bedrooms and bath. There is an ex- cellent cafe in the building, and every device that can give elegance and con- venience to its inmates. There is also a beautiful lawn, a luxury not often afforded apartment houses in a large city, with flower beds and shrubbery. It is the only apartment house on the avenue, and an ideal site. Rentals of these apartments run from $30 to $50 per month, with elevator, heat, water, and services of a janitor and maid. The Haverford and the Pem- broke are two apartment houses re- cently completed, on Bryant Street, between Norwood and Ashland Ave- nues, a desirable residence portion of Buffalo. They are both four stories in height, and contain sixteen suites of flats each. A suite consists of parlor, dining - room, kitchen, bath - room, three chambers, and a private locker for storage in the cellar. The buildings are of brick laid in red mortar with brown stone trimmings, and have plate glass fronts, and large rear balconies. The interior finish in the halls is of quartered white oak, and that of the apartments, natural pine. The rentals range from $25 to $30 per month, and include steam heat, vVater rates and janitor service. The Algonquin is another fine apartment house, located on Johnson Park, just off Delaware Avenue, erected in 1893 and is built of brick and stone. It contains eleven family flats and a number of single apart- ments. The Columbia, a four story brick, situated on the corner of Whitney Place and Carolina Street, was erected in 1892 of brick and stone. It has eleven flats complete and modern, which rent from |i2o to $40 per month, including heat, natural gas range and janitor service. There are a great many more fine structures for the same purpose throughout the city, several in course of erection, and innumerable "flats" which are less fashionable but quite as comfortable as the apartment houses. These " flats " range in price from |i8 to $35 per month, according to accommodation and location. Then there are also houses built for two to six families which may be rented for moderate sums. The more expensive houses have always a janitor and often elevators, the others do not. Archaeological Club. — (Branch of Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. ) Holds meetings the fourth Tuesday of eacii month in the Buffalo Library Building, at the corner of Washington Street and Broadway. Armories. — There are two State Armories in the city of Buffalo. That of the 65th Regiment located at Broad- way corner of Potter Street, and that of the 74th Regiment on Virginia Street, corner of Elmwood Avenue. The Broadway arsenal has frequently been called into service to accomodate large concourses of people for concerts, conventions, etc. (See Military Af- airs.) Artists, Buffalo Society of— was organized in 1891 (incorporated in 1894), in the studio of Mr. Ammi Farnham for the purpose of cultivating ART 8 and advancing art in Buffalo. Its cliief work thus far has been the hold- ing of artistic exhibitions of all kinds, the principal one each year being the spring exhibition of works of active members. The regular meetings of the society are held the first Thursday of each month and its annual meeting for election of officers, on the first Thursday of April. All the meetings are held in a large room adjoining the Fine Arts Academy in the Buffalo Li- brary Building which has been fitted up in a most attractive manner for an art library. This work is unique, for although there are few books as yet, the society subscribes to sixty art peri- odicals representing the art of England, France, Spain, Italy, Germany and the United States, thus giving students a fine opportunity to compare the work of different nations. This room is also used for the private exhibitions of the society, of which there have been held thus far one exhibition of book- bindings and book-plates, one of post- ers and one of tapestries. The man- agement of the society has been char- acterized by an aggressive business policy as shown in its rapid growth, in 1S93 there were 35 active members, six non-resident, 34 associates, and 41 fellows, in all no members. Today they number, of fellows, 46 ; active, 50 ; associate members, 241 ; out of town members, six ; honorary, two ; total, 345 ; so that at the close of Mr. Wm. C. Cornwell's adminis- tration of two years, the society has more than doubled. The fellowship fund has increased to$23oo,and above all, there is manifest an increased in- terest in art on the part of the members and community that is very encourag- ing- Art Stores. — Stores for the sale of art materials are plentiful in Buffalo, but there are only four prominent Art Stores — Hoddick's Art Store at 620 Main Street, Oscar P. Benson's Art Store at 520 Main Street, George W. Benson 567 Main Street, and Deuther and Beck, 50 Niagara Street. The latter are also extensive dealers in artists' supplies. There are numer- ous other art stores in the city, of course, but the above named are the principal ones. At any of these places may be found fine collections of rare engravings, etchings, water-colors and fine oil paintings, together with high grade photographs. From time to time, at these stores, may be seen some good work done by local artists. Art Students' lyeague of BufFa- lo. — The Art Students' League of Buffalo was founded in 1885 under the name of Students' Art Club. Having, however, become known and outgrowing its limited quarters, the Club acceeded to the request of the Fine Arts Academy and took full con- trol of the Art School connected with the Fine Arts Academy and organized under the name of The Art Students' League of Buffalo, January i, 1892, incorporated 1894. Rooms were fur- nished for the school in the Buffalo Library Building, where they remained until the fall of 1895. It is the desire of the League to eventually be in a building devoted entirely to art. It is conspicuous for being the only Art League in this part of the State. The object of this school is to furnish to artists, and all interested in the sub- ject, thorough instruction in drawing from cast, life, painting, anatomy, per- spective, composition, mechanical drawing, design and modeling. The school is open all day and evenings every day in the week, eight months in the year. Three days in the week a sketch class is conducted by one of the teachers which is free to pupils in any of the classes. A model is also furnished for the women's and men's life class. A class in antique for chil- ASS-AUD (Iren is well attended Saturday afiLi- tioons. A scholarship of two hundred and fifty dollars (I250.00), with free tuition for one year in the New York Art League, has been awarded the student in the life class who has made the best drawins;' from the nude, dur- ing the year. The annual sketching trip in the month of July is conducted by one of the teachers, when a large class paint or draw from nature. The various instructors of the classes in the school are carefully chosen from artists who have had the greatest experience in this country and abroad. The League is under a board of control, with an advisory committee from the Fine Arts Academy. Visitors are al- ways made welcome. Assessment, Department of. — The board of assessors consists of five members (elected) at a salary of 13,500 per year each, the officers of the board being a chairman and a secretary. Sixteen clerks are employed with sal- aries ranging from $1,500 to $900. Associated Press.— Tiie offices of the Associated Press in Buffalo are situated in the Matthews Block on Washington Street corner Exchange, Asylums. — -(See Benevolent Socie- ties and Institutions). Athletics. —Buflfalo is well abreast of cities of its size in the interest taken in athletic sports of all kinds. Lack- ing the presence of a large university, nevertheless, an interest is manifest in all classes of sport. In bicycling this city easily stands first of all cities in the world, owing, no doubt, to the ex- cellent pavements and good roads of the adjacent country. One of the old- est, and at one time the most prosper- ous association, is the Buffalo Athletic Club, organized by business men. At l^resent it has no home. The Buffalo Gymnasium has quarters on Washing- ton Street near Mohawk. The Enipii\- Athletic Club which occupies the uld Liedertafel Hall on Washington corner Mohawk Street for special occasions is organized more especially to promote boxing encounters. The Iroquois Athletic Club and the Nineteenth Century Club are somewhat similar organizations. Perhaps the most suc- cessful associations are those of the 74th Regiment and the 65th Regiment. Each of these clubs give public enter- tainments of athletics and field sports, offering valuable trophies to encourage a careful preparation on the part of the participants. The University of P)uf- falo Athletic Associaticjn maintain hockey, football and baseball teams. The Buffalo^ High School Athletic Association is a school organization deserving of much praise fijr the ex- cellent baseball and football teams it annually places in the field. Many other baseball, polo, cricket, bicycling, football, boating and rowing clubs will be found in their departments or men- tioned under their individual names. Auditor's Department. — This department of the city government consists of one auditor (appointed by the comptroller) at a salary of $1,500, and one clerk. Office in the city hall, Audubon Club — 1 he Bufitalo Audubon Club was organized in 1866 and incorporated June2[, 1876. The particular objects of the Club are social, literary and athletic culture, hunting, fishing and other lawful sports; includ- ing the protection and preservation of birds, game and fish. The Club is a member of the State Association for the Protection of Fish and Game. Meetings are held the first Saturday evening of each month at the Club's rooms, 21 West Eagle Street. The Club has a large and well-equipped shooting park, where in June, 1896, was held the State Tournament of the BAK— BAN 10 Association for the Protection of Fish and Game. The membership is Hmit- ed to one hundred, the Club at pres- ent having a waiting list. Bakeries. — The principal bakeries are Oven's Bakery, occupying a large building on EUicott near Clinton Street. 15000 loaves of bread are made daily and 125 barrels of flour used. They employ 180 men and run 20 wagons. Niagara Bakery at 301 Michigan Street, corner Myrtle Avenue. This bakery employs 150 men and women, make 400 barrels of crackers daily and run ten wagons. Vienna Bakery, corner of Mchigan and Eagle Streets. Mugridge's Bakery on Elk Street. In addition to these large bakeries,, there are numberless other smaller but similar establishments. Then there are a vast number of fancy bak- eries and makers of pies, a large number of the latter serving light re- freshments. Banks. — The following list includes all the banks in the City of Buffalo. Of the discount banks, all are State institutions, with two exceptions noted. With the first reports of the year, the standing of the various banks is given below, with tlie excep- tion of the EUicott Square, in process of reorganization. capital. SURPLUS AND PROFITS. DEPOSITS. 18 Discount Banks .... 2 Trust Companies .... 4 Savings Banks $4,750,000 700,000 14,141,000 132,000 5,611,000 $31,044,000 4, 108,000 33,360,000 Total $5,450,000 19,884,000 $68,512,000 BANKS. / location. ORGANIZED OR INCORPORATED. < <^ u SURPLUS, INCLUDING PROFITS. in H Cu W Q American Ex- change . . . Bank of Buffalo 16 West Seneca . . Main and Seneca . . 1853 $ 200,000 300,000 250,000 100,000 300,000 $ 126,000 367,000 77,000 110,000 157,000 $ 975,000 3,254,000 Buffalo Commer- cial Citizens' . . . City W. Seneca and Pearl William cor. Sherm'n 319 Main 1836 1890 1893 1,284,000 1,054,000 2,129,000 II BAN , ^ X / — '^ J ^' y. d-, CO H HANKS. LOCATION. < C c- r HI B - 'X. — Z 'Z X. < :j u X w 5 u y. X /. ^ Q Columbia Na- tional . . 103 Seneca .... iSl;2 % 2CO,COO $ 20, coo $ 898,000 Bank of Com- merce .... 215-217 Main . . I '^73 200, oco 292,000 2, 048, coo Ellicott Square, (form'ly Queen City Ellicott Square Bld'g lot 2 300, oco Farmers and Me- chanics , . . 198 Main 18^8 200,000 191. 000 1, 032, oco German .... INIain and Lafayette . 1876 ic 0,000 517,000 2,7o8.coo German Ameri- can . . , . . Main and Court . . 1892 200,(^00 II 0^ oco 1,341,000 Manufacturers ' and Traders' . cor. Main and Seneca 1856 9c 0.000 55 1, coo 4, 018, coo Marine .... 220 Main 1850 200,000 76 1, coo 3, 862, coo Merchants' . . 208 Main 188I 3^.0,000 229, oco 1,456,000 Metropolitan . . 485 Main 1891 200,000 87,000 1, 035, coo Niagara .... Ellicott Square Bld'g 189I 100,000 20, oco 639,000 People's .... 257 Washington . . 1889 3( o,coo I I 2, coo I 455,000 Third National . 273-275 Main .... 1865 500 000 3 5 7, coo 1,256,000 Union ,.'... 496-498 Main .... 1891 200, coo 57,000 600,000 B u tf a 1 o Loan, Trust and Safe Deposit Co. . Fidelity Trust 440 Main 200,000 52, oco 1, 241, coo *tH^ . • . . . and Guaranty i Company . . Erie Co. Bank B'ld'g 1893 500, coo 80, coo 2,867, oco Buffalo Savino-s Bank . . . ^. cor. Washington and Lafayette .... 1846 1,927,000 '0,985, oco Empire State Savings Bank Morgan Bl'g, Pearl and Niagara . . 26 000 637,000 Erie Co. Savings Bank .... Main, Niagara. IV-arl and Church . . 1854 2,296,000 18, 120,000 Western Savings Bank .... Main and Court . . 1851 382,(00 3,624,000 BAN— BAP 12 Bank Association of BuiFalo. — This Association was formed in 1881, and was one of the first of like charac- ter in existence. The objects of the Association are to maintain rate charges of interest, checks, collections for depositors and remittances. It has been estimated that the increase in profits on collections to the banks ori- ginally interested, over the old way of doing exchange business for nothing, paid, actually, the dividends each year of all the banks, and whatever profit was made in the other departments went to the building up of the surplus, thus strengthening the banks, enhanc- ing their solidity and their ability to care for their customers. A Clear- ing House was established and in 1890 the Association perfected all arrangements for the issue of Clearing House certificates, and the machinery was availed of in 1893 and proved of great advantage in ameliorating the gripings of panic, enabling banks to care for customers more generously, and during the currency famine to make comfortable provisions for cash when needed. The following banks are members of the Clearing House Association : Buffalo Commercial, Marine, American Exchange, Manu- facturers' and Traders', Farmers' and Mechanics', Third National, German, Bank of Buffalo, Bank of Commerce, Merchants', Buffalo Loan, Trust and Safe Deposit Company, German American, People's, Ellicott Square, Citizens, Niagara, Metropolitan. Col- umbia National, Union, and The City. The clearings and balances for four years are as follows : CLEARINGS. 1892, $203,462,056 46 1893, 219,874,534.79 1894, 197,199,9 0'2T 1895, 222,780,269.94 BALANCES. 136,397. 9M 96 35.977.500 50 33.^58,595 94 38,054,080.48 The offices of the Clearing House are located in the Hayen Building. Baptist Churches. — The follow- ing list gives the names and locations of all those in Buffalo. Bouck Avenue, Bouck, corner Tryon Place. Cedar Street, Cedar, corner South Division Street. Dearborn Street, Dearborn, near Hamilton Street. Delaware Avenue, Delaware, be- tween Bryant and West Utica Streets. Emmanuel, Rhode Island, corner Normal Avenue. First Baptist, Concert Hall, Main, corner Edward Street. Fillmore Avenue, No. 46 Fillmore Avenue. First Free Baptist, Hudson, near Fargo Avenue. First German, No. 41 Spruce Street. Second German, Hickory, near Genesee Street. Glenwood Avenue, Glenwood, cor- ner Purdy Street. Third German, High, corner Mul- berry Street. Parkside, Vernon Place, near Main Street. Prospect Avenue, Georgia Street, corner Prospect Avenue. Polish Baptist Church, No, 680 Wil- liam Street. Michigan Street, (Colored), Michi- gan, between Clinton and Broadway. Reid Memorial Chapel, No. 682 Wil- liam Street. BAPTIST MISSIONS. English Baptist Mission of Cedar Street Church, No. 680 William Street. Fifth Street Mission, Fifth, near Virginia Street. Maple Street Mission, Maple, corner Virginia Street. Baseball. — Buffalo has always siip- pt)rted a professional baseball club since the formation of the earliest associations. For a number of years a team represented this city in the National League, but for some years past, BulTalo has been the most im- portant member of the Eastern league, which consists of teams representing the cities of Buffalo, Toronto, Syra- cuse, Rochester, Providence, Spring- field, Scranton and Wilkes Barre. A regular schedule is published, extend- ing from May to September. One- half the regular games played by the home team take place in Buffalo ; week days at Olympic Park, corner East Ferry and Michigan Sts. (Main Street and Michigan Streetcars.) On Sundays games are played at Frank- lin Park, Genesee Street and New , York Central tracks, which are reached by the Genesee Street cars. There is a minor association of semi-profes- sional clubs organized as a city league each year, but these clubs play on Sunday only A score or more of first-class amateur clubs representing the various colleges, newspaper and business interests are organized each year. They play on grounds set aside by the Park Commission. Batavia. — A town of 8,000 inhab- itants, 36 miles east of Buffalo on the N. Y. C. & H. R., Erie and Buff'alo and Geneva railroads. County seat of Genesee County. The most important public buildings are the New A^ork •State lilind Asylum, the Holland Land Company Memorial Building, and the Richmond Library. The VViard Plow Works, Johnston Harves- ter Works and several other important manufacturing interests are located here. liatavia has excellent hotel accommodations. Baths. — At all the hotels and most of the barber shops in Buffalo, a bath 13 BAS— BED may be obtained, either hot, cold or shower, with soap and towels, for the usual price, 25 cents. The principal Russian and Turkish public baths are: The Wagner Bath, in the Genesee Hotel, one of the finest equipped in the city and is for both women and men. Meals are served in the bath when desired. Imperial Baths located at 387 Washington Street, is for men only, and accommodates about twenty per- sons at one time. In connection with the bath an excellent barber shop is provided. The Windsor Bath at 327 Wash- ington Street is exclusively a bath for men and has accommodation for forty persons at one time. The Palace Bath, 40 east Mohawk Street, is a bath for both women and men, with accommodation for twenty people. All baths are well fitted up and are open day and night. Some are quite luxuriant. Prices at the different baths run from 50 cents to $1-50, the vapor bath usually being the most expensive. Russian, 50c; Turkish, 75c; Sulphur, |r; Vapor Pack, |i.60 ; Massage, $1. Most of these Baths are open all night. Bay View, on the lakeshore, is eight miles from Buffalo, and can be reached by the W. N. Y. & P., Nickle Plate and L. S. & M. S. Railroads. There is a fine rifle range there, hav- ing five targets and ranges which are from one to ten hundred yards. It is owned and controlled by the Bay View Rifle Association, and until recently was used by both the 65th and 74th regiments for rifle practice. Bedell House — was first opened for the reception of guests May 1,1877. It is located on the east side of Grand Island, about six miles from Buffalo and some eight miles from Niagara BEG— BEN 14 Falls; The hotel faces the Niagara River, is three stories high, with a tive story tower and broad verandas on all side's. The lawns are handsomely laid out with walks.flower beds,shrub- bery, croquet grounds and lawn tennis court. The base-ball grounds, belong- ing to the hotel, are the finest in Erie county, outside the city of Buffalo. This summer resort has always been popular and much frequented by Buf- falonians. It has quick connections with Buffalo, the ferry for horses and carriages and passenger boats which land you at the hotel. The attractions of this delightful little summer resort are numerous : cool verandas, free from dust and the afternoon's hot sun, a panorama of charming landscape, bathing, boating and fishing all com- bine to make the Bedell House a de- sirable near-by place for a summer out- ing Carriages or saddle horses, and ponies for children may be obtained readily, as a livery stable is run in connection with the hotel, for the ac- commodation of guests. To reach Grand Island and the Bedell House, take the New York Central Railroad cars or Belt Line at the Terrace depot or the Niagara trolley to Ferry Street or Hertel Avenue. From the above places the steamer Silver Spray makes regular trips landing at the Bedell House. Terms : $2 to $3 per day, $7 to $15 per week, according to location. TIME TABLE FOR SUMMER SEASON. IVeel- Bays. —Leavas Bedell House for Hertel Avenue only. 7:30 a. m.. Leaves Hertel Avenue for Bedell House, 9:00 a. m. Leaves Bedell House for Ferry Street, 9:20 a.m., 1:30 p. M., 4:30 p. M.. 7:30 P. M. Leaves Ferry Street for Bedell House, 10:30 A.M., 2:30 p.m:, 5:30 P.M. Saturdays, Sundays and Holidays — Leaves Bedell House for Hertel Av- enue and Ferry Street, 9:00 a.m., 1:30 P.M., 3:15 P. M., 5:30 p. M., 7:30 p. M., 9:30 p. M. (to Hertel Avenue only). IIP. M., Saturdays and Holidays only. Leaves Ferry Street for Bedell House, 10:30 A.M., 2:30 P.M., 4:00 P.M., 6:15 P.M., 8:00 P.M. Beggars. — The streets of every large city are frequented by beggars. They usually select the streets through which persons must pass to and from business or places of amusement. They are very apt to approach gentle- men when accompanied by ladies, and have a clever understanding of human nature. We would not advise a lavish bestowal of alms upon these mendi- cants. Belt I/ine.— A double track be- longing to the N. Y. Central. This line goes around the city, and the trip fare is five cents. Trains stop at the following stations : Exchange St., Terrace, Georgia Street, Porter Ave- nue, Water Works, Ferry Street, Clin- ton Avenue, Black Rock, Amherst Street, Austin Street, Military Road, Cross-cut Junction, Delaware Avenue, Villa Park, Central Park, Main Street, Steele Street, Driving Park, Genesee Street, Broadway, William Street, Emslie Street and Seneca Street. Trains are run from 5:45 A. m. to II 55 P. M. Benevolent Societies, Insti- tutions and Charities. — The charities of Buffalo are many and far- reaching. The list given below will explain the character of each insti- tution. Many names will be found under their proper titles elsewhere in the book. A number of mutual bene- fit benevolent societies are included. See Dispensaries, Hospitals, etc. Bavarian Benevolent Associa- tion. Meets at 694 Jefferson Street, second and fourth Tuesdays. Bohemian Benevolent Associa- tion. Meets every first Sunday monthly at Jefferson Park, 631 Jeffer- son Street. Buffalo Children's Aid Society AND Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home, 29 Franklin Street. Buffalo Electrical Aid Asso- ciation. Oro'anized February 20, 1888. Executive Committee meets every third Tuesday monthly. Buffalo Orphan Asylum, 403 Virginia Street. Catholic Benevolent Legion. Fifteen lodges have various meeting places. For list see City Directory. Catholic Home, 64 Franklin Street. For young girls out of em- ployment. In charge of the ladies of the Sacred Heart of Mary. Christopher Columbus Mutual Benefit Club (Italian). Organized February 4, 1883. Incorporated Jan- uary, 1889. Meets first Tuesday monthly at 145 Erie Street. Church Charity Foundation. This society has general authority to purchase real estate for charitable pur- poses, and is not restricted to any par- ticular charity, but can inaugurate and support any number of asylums for any class of unfortunates. Deaconesses' Home, 2578 Main Street. District Nursing Association and Diet Kitchen, 344 Delaware Avenue. A charitable organization to aid the worthy poor. The kitchens are located at 307 Seneca Street, 1192 Niagara Street and 65 Franklin Street and Westminster House on Monroe Street near Broadway. ElSAESS -LOTHRINGEN BENEVOL- ENT Association. Meets first and third Tuesday, at 692 Michigan Street. Evangelical Church Home (for Buffalo and vicinity). Broadway (Forks station) near city line. 15 BEN Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Orphan Asylum. Organized March 6, 1864. The girls' department is located at 280 Hickory Street, the boys' department at Sulphur Springs. Erie County Almshouse. This institution is on the east side of Main Street near the city line. The house is four stories high and built of white flint stone ; stands about five hundred feet from the street, and has a well- kept lawn in front, while the balance of the land surrounding the institution is cultivated and used to raise vege- tables for the use of the inmates. There are usually from 400 to 500 per- sons in the home, the majority being men. Excelsior Marine Benevolent Association. Rooms, No. 11 Main Street. Open daily. Annual meet- ings in January. Fitch Creche, 159 Swan Street. German American Benevolent Association. Meets every first and third Thursday evening at Russ's Hall, Broadway, corner Madison Street. German Benevolent Society Concordia. Meets every second and fourth Tuesday at hall, No. 585 Broad- way. German Deaconess Home, 27 Goodrich Street, was organized Octo- ber, 1895. This is a home where poor persons may secure temporary treat- ment when sick. There is also a training school for nurses in connec- tion with the Home. German Roman Catholic Or- phan Asylum, Dodge Street, near the Parade. Organized in 1864. and under the management of the Sisters of St. Francis. They have 200 orphans in the institute. German Evangelical Church Home, Broadway and city line. BEN i6 Grand Army of the Republic Bureau of Relief, Police Head- quarters, Franklin, cor. West Seneca Street. Furnishes assistance to needy soldiers and their families. Grant and Loan Association of the Charity Organization Society. Makes grants and small loans where assistance cannot be procured from other sources. Harmonia Benevolent Associa- tion. Meets first Sunday afternoon in every month at Fidelity Hall, 249 Genesee Street. Harmonia Benevolent Associa- tion (German). Meets first Tuesday monthly, at 681 Michigan Street. Hessian-Darmstadter Benevol- ent Association. Meets at 692 Michigan Street, first and third Wed- nesdays. Home for Aged and Destitute Females. Opened in 1858. Building on Rhode Island Street near Niagara. Home for the Friendless, 1500 Main Street. Homestead Lodging House, 84 and 86 Lloyd Street. Maintained by the Christian Homestead Association. Receives men able to pay and also men sent by ticket. Lodging house is open until midnight, the restaurant from 5 A. m. to 8 p. m. Ingleside Home, 70 Harvard Place. Incorporated in 1869. This institution was organized for the purpose of re- claiming erring women. They are cared for, provided with employment, instruction, food, clothing and needed medical attendance. Italian Union Benevolent So- ciety of Buffalo. Organized May 7, 1874. Incorporated September 20, 1875. Meets first Thursday monthly at 145 Erie Street. Ladies' Hospital Association. Meets every second Tuesday of the month at 3 p. m. at the Buffalo General Hospital. Le Couteulx St. Mary's Insti- tution FOR THE Instruction of Deaf Mutes, 125 Edward Street. Marine Enginneers' Beneficial Association No. T. Meets at Hesper Parlors, 13)^ East Swan Street. Monastery of the Good Shep- herd, 485 Best Street (called also Magdalene Asylum). A Mother Su- perior is in charge, with 45 professed sisters and 105 penitents. At the same place and under the same direc- tion is the Catholic Protectory for Girls. North Buffalo Catholic Asso- ciation, corner Dearborn and Am- herst Streets. Organized in 1885. In- corporated May, 1888. Prevoyance Benevolent Asso- ciation. Meets second and fourth Thursday evenings, at Scheu's Hall, 243 Genesee Street. Prison-Gate Mission. The object of this organization is to extend a helping hand to those leaving the peni- tentiary, jail, etc., and to start them on the way to do right. Protectory for Wayward Girls, 485 Best Street. Under the direction of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd. Providence Retreat. On Main Street, near Humboldt Parkway. Under the charge of fourteen Sisters of Charity. For the treatment of the insane. Rheinpfaelzer Benevolent As- sociation. Meets every first and third Monday at the corner of Gene- see and Walnut Streets. St. Francis Asylum, 337 Pine Street. For aged and destitute per- sons, without distinction of nationality or religion. Accommodates 300 in- mates. Governed by eighteen Sisters of St. Francis, '' \'^ r^7 I i'- ST. PAUL'S CHURCH 17 i3EN St. John's Protectory, West Sciifca, in cliarge of the Brothers of the Holy Infancy, and seventeen Sis- ters of St. Joseph have charge of the children under the superintendence of Rev. N. H. Baker. The average number of boys cared for is 325. St. Joseph's Male Orphan Asy- lum, West Seneca, N. Y. Opened, August, 1S45 ; incorporated August 2, 1851. To care for orphan children, over 200 being accommodated. Any boy between the ages or four and 15 years may be admitted by applying to Rev. W. H. Baker. Supported by appropriations from the Board of Sup- ervisors, relatives of the children, and church societies. St. Mary's Asylum for Widows, ' Foundlings and Infants, 126 Ed- ward Street, was organized by the Sisters of Charity in 1854. An Asy- lum where infants and widows may procure a home. Children are never kept over seven 3'ears. A charge of $S per week is required for board, but persons who have no means of paying are also taken. St. Michael's Benevolent So- ciety. Meets at St. Michael's Hall, Ellicott Street, near Tupper, last Sun- day of each month. St. Vincent's Female Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, at 1313 Main Street, was built in 1848, and is a three-story building. There are 140 orphans cared for in the asylum, which is under the direction of the Sisters of Charity. St. Vincent de Paul Confer- ence OF St. Michael's Church. Meets at 651 Washington Street the second and fourth Wednesdays of each month. Salvation Army Lodging House, 111-113 Commercial Street ; known as "The Ark." Receives men able to pay, and men sent by ticket. Open until midnight. SCHWAEBISCHER BENEVOLENT AS- SOCIATION. Meets first and third Thursday evenings at hall, corner Sycamore and Hickory Streets. Sisterhood of Zion, Hebrew Board of Charity ; headquarters, 456 Jefferson Street. Operating under the Sisterhood is the Daughters of the Star. SocETA Fratellanza Union di Sanfele. Meets first and second Wednesdays at 4 Staats Street. St. Augustinus Verein Bene- volent Association. Meets at 349 BroadVvay every first Friday. State Charities Aid Associa- tion. Organized in 1872, to visit State, county, city and town charitable institutions, and to secure improve- ments in their administration by legis- lative and other means. Washington Benevolent Asso- ciation. Meets 349 Broadway every first and third Saturday. The Wayfare located at 133 Court Street, is a temporary home for women. It was opened May ist, 1895, and is a public charity. Its aim is to give food and shelter to any des- titute woman. No questions are asked — the fact that she is in distress being in itself a sufficient claim for attention. The home has accommo- dated from one to ten women each night, and work has been found for those deserving it. About one-third pay the regular price of ten cents a night — the rest work for their lodg- ings. Welcome Hall, at 307 Seneca Street, organized November i, 1894. The obect of the Association is to se- cure employment for the poor, and give them temporary aid. There are about 100 members, and the Hall is in charge of a matron. BEN— BIC i< Westminster House was organ- ized September 1894, and occupies four cottages at 424 Adams Street, running through to A'lonroe. In con- nection with this, there is a free kin- dergarten, diet kitchen and gymna- sium. Women's Christian Association, II Niagara Street. The missionary department gives assistance to needy families. Working Boys' Home of the Sacred Heart, 35 Niagara Square. The Working Boys' Home was opened at 35 Niagara Square about the ist of February, 1889. The object of the Working Boys' Home is to surround the young men Hving under its roof with' the comforts and blessings of home, compatible with the condition and circumstances. The home is_ in no sense an orphan asylum, or lodging house ; neither does it wish to appear as a home or house of correction ; the boys for such institutions are well pro- vided for in the many charitable in- stitutions already established in the city. The specific and real purpose of the home is to care for boys who are friendless, yet honest, industrious and willing to toil in search of success, but with small wages, such as I1.50 or I2.00 per week. The young boarders feel independent, because they are not the objects of anyone's charity, for, small as their wages may be, they con- tract for one dollar or one dollar and a half per week for board, and this each one pays from his weekly income, and thus he is brought face to face with self-reliance in the proportion that he is not the object of anybody's charity. Although a priest is at the head of the home, and the Sisters of St. Joseph contribute to the domestic welfare, yet the religious rights of others are in no way interfered with, for the only con- dition of admission to the home is that the boy is homeless, honest and willing to worK. The present building is far too small for the great number of boys who seek to be admitted in the insti- tution. The ages generally range from 12 to 18. All the boys are work- ing. The greatest portion are learning useful trades. The new building, which is in course of erection, when completed, will be able to accommo- date over 130 boys. In it there will be school rooms, art rooms, gymnasium, bowling alley, and other modern at- tractions to please, ennoble and build up the young men living in the Work- ing Boys' Home. Zion's Verein Benevolent As- sociation. Meets at 349 Broadway every second and fourth Wednesday. Bicycle Clubs. — There are a num- ber of important bicycle clubs in the city. The oldest of these associations is the Ramblers ,then comes the Women's Wheel and Athletic Club. In 1889 Buffalo had nine bicycle clubs as fol- lows : Buffalos, Ramblers, Zigzags, Women's Wheel Club, Mystics, Wan- derers, Ladies' Bicycle Club, Colum- bias and Kooxes. Of this number only four are in existence today but new- comers have filled their places. The Buffalo Bicycle Club, which is now a social organization known as the La- Salle Club, was formed February 22, 1879, at the office of Dr. H. T. Apple- by on West Eagle Street, and began business with a membership of three. The organization grew and flourished as the use of the bicycle became more general, and in the fall of 1880 the first bicycle tournament ever held in this section of the State, took place. The meet was fairly successful, and similar ones were held in 1881, 1882, 1883 and 1884. In 1885 the Club secured the National L. A. W. meet for Buffalo, and at this tournament one of the most exciting races ever witnessed in the city was a feature of the programme. The event was for the Amateur cham- 19 BIC pionship of America, and the contest- ants were the famous Hendee and "Star" Weber. The former won by a few inclies and retained the title which he had held previously. The Ramblers' Bicycle Club first saw the light of day on January 26, 18S5, and now has a large member- ship with club rooms at 529-533 Main Street. Colors, blue and white. Women's Wheel and Athletic Club was organized on July 3, 18S8, under the name of the Women's Wheel Club. This Club meets in the Chapter House on Johnson Place the last Tues- day evening of each month. There are forty members, with wheeling, pedestrian and bowling sections. Press Cycling Club was organ- ized in 1890, and first had its home in the Brown building, but the members multiplied so rapidly in the early part of 1891 that new and better quarters were secured at 828 Main Street, which were again outgrown and the Club re- moved to 380 Franklin Street. It was expected these rooms would prove sufficiently large for all time, but an addition of about 60 members from the disbanded Zigzags made the club rooms insufficient, so they secured a club house at 163 Delaware Avenue, the club taking possession on May i, 1892. On May i, 1896, it again re- moved to 283 Franklin Street, its pres- ent home. The dues of the Club are ^6.00 per year and it has 250 members. Colors, orange and black. Wanderers Bicycle Club, organ- ized in 1887, has about 150 mem- bers. The club-rooms are located at 607 Broadway. The colors are black and green. Parkside Wheeling Club is an- other popular club which has its h(mie in the old Howard mansion at i3^ IX Marilla, i7;i^ IV Medina, 42 II Niagara Falls, 22 j^^jn" Niagara-t)n-the-Lake,29 VIII North Evans, 19 X North Tonavvanda, io>^ { "^XIH^^ Pine Hill, 5 II South Wales, 23 III Springbrook, 12^ HI /XI, XII \ XIII fXI. XII I XIII Wendlings, 8>^ III West Seneca, 5^ IX Williamsville, 9J5^ V Woodlawn Beach, 8;^ X /XI, XII \ XIII i6>^ 24 26: Suspension Bridge, 23 Tonawanda. 10 Youngstovvn, 29 Bicycling. — Of late years this sport has become one of the most pop- ular in Buffalo. The wheel has long since ceased to be a luxury enjoyed by the favored few. Men and women, old and young, indulge in the exercise, and as a cycling city Buffalo occupies the first rank. There are over 50,000 bicycle riders, and many clubs formed expressly for the pleasure and promo- tion of the sport. There are a number of bicycle riding academies where the science and art of graceful and perfect riding are taught, when after the pupil has received from six to ten lessons, or even fewer, she may be trusted to spin along the public highways. Many of the shops where bicycles are sold,, keep wheels which may be rented by the hour for a reasonable consideration, thus visitors in the city without wheels are not deprived of the enjoyment. Riders are not restricted to any locali- ty, but are required to go at a moder- ate pace on the city streets and to sound an alarm at crossings for the safety of pedestrians, and are also sup- posed to displav a light on all wheels after dark. As Buffalo is favored above all other cities, as regards asphalt pavements and macadamized roads, wheelmen may bowl along for miles without fatigue or interruption. Black Rock. — Now a part of the city, was at one time a rival for the commerce and public buildings, city and national, of the county seat. It takes its name from a rock where the first ferry was located before 1800. The town of Black Rock was formed in 1838, and incorporated within the city in 1853. Here are located the International Bridge, Internatoinal Ferry, several mills, breweries, elevat- ors, lumber docks and large manufac- turers, including the Buffalo Malleable Iron Works, Buffalo Smelting Works, Buffalo Co-operative Stove Works, and others. A branch of the city post office, station B, is located at 67 West Forest Avenue. Blaisdell. A western suburb of Buffalo, 7/^ miles from city, on L. S. & M, S. and Nickel Plate railways. Trains stop daily each way. It is BOA— BOH 22 reached by South Park Avenue and White's Corners road. Boarding". — Ni city has finer high class boardino- places than Buffalo. The most fashionable houses are found on Main Street, Franklin Street and Delaware Avenue,there is also a large and popular house on Niagara Square. These houses are of the expensive class and are usually filled with guests remaining a length of time and occupy- ing a suite or single rooms luxuriantly furnished. Reliable and excellent boarding places may be found in all parts of the city, those on the west side being a little more expensive as a rule. A well furnished room with good board may be had in almost any of the desirable streets or avenues at prices ranging for one person, from $6 to $12 per week. There are also a vast num- ber of boarding houses with prices ranging from $4. to |6, according to the house and location of room occupied, and even cheaper houses may be found. For houses of moderate price, Swan, South Division, Ellicott and Washington Streets (on the east side). Pearl, Niagara, Chippewa, Georgia and Morgan Streets (west side). In addition to those generally known, there are a large number of private families who take boarders. Such places are of course most desirable, and may be had for the uniform prices, $6 to |:8 per week. Lodgings or " furnished rooms" are recommended, as persons stopping in the city tem- porarilv, mav not always find it con- venient or profitable to reach their place of abode during meal time. Furnished rooms may be had for from 1^3 to $s per week, or 75 cents to |ir a dav. There are plentx' of places where a light lunch is served at all hours of the day, thus making this mode of living practicable. For further infor- mation see Y. M. C. A. directory of boarding houses, W. C. T. U., Wom- an's Exchange, etc. Board of Trade. — The Board of Trade, which was organized in 1844, formerly occupied a building at the foot of Main Street. The stockholders of this incorporation own the building now occupied by the Buffalo Mer- chant's Exchange, which see. Boating". — The most accessible place for pleasure rowing is the Niag- ara River Boats are found and may be rented for twenty-five cents per hour, at the foot of Porter Avenue, Ferry Street, Amherst Street or Hertel Ave- nue. Strangers in the city should al- ways make a bargain with the boatman in advance that there may be a fair understanding, thus avoiding any dis- pute or chance to overcharge. For such as are not good oarsmen we would recommend the Buffalo harbor as perfectly safe, or better still. Park Lake. All along the river as far as Navy Island is delightful rowing, but the Niagara River having a strong cur- rent, it would not be wise for those un- familiar with the locality to venture be- yond that point, as it is approaching the Falls and the river thereabout is treacherous. Boats. — (See Excursion Boats.) Bohemian Sketch Club. — The Bohemian Sketch Club was founded in December, 1891, and is the only art organization in the city which is conducted entirely by artists. It holds monthly social meetings and exhibi- tions at the studios of the artists, for the purpose of bringing its associate members in closer contact with the artists and their work, thereby keep- ing up an art interest among the pro- fessional and business men of the city. Besides the exhibitions, "talks" on art subjects, and entertainment by the best amateur and professional actors and musicians, are the leading features BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING ^3 of the monthly meetin,8:s. The CUib holds its annual exhibitions in the gallery of the Fine Arts Academy, and gives the only strictly local annual exhibition during the year. Unlike most art organizations, it is entirely self-sustaining, and in February, 1895, gave the first exhibition, free to the public, every given in the Art Gallery. Under the auspices of the Club, a fund was raised in August, 1894, to send one of its members to Paris, to study for two years. The Club has never had a President or home. It has held monthly meetings and exhi- bitions at various places, and four annual exhibitions at the Art Gallery. The club membership is limited to 150 members. Book Stores. — All the principal book stores may be found upon Main Street. Otto Ulbrich at 386 Main Street, H. H. Otis «& Son, who are prominent as dealers in religious books, at 284 Main Street ; Ernst Besser & Bro. at 544 Main Street, and the Peter Paul Book Company, at 420 Main Street, who are also extensive publishers and the leading engravers of the city. Boot-Blacks. — These may be found at almost all corners of the business thoroughfares. Many boot- blacks provide comfortable chairs for the convenience of their patrons, and the usual charge for a "shine" is five or ten cents. Men who are unwilling to have their boots polished upon the street may always obtain a like service in any of the hotels. Boulevards. — (See Drives.) Bowling. — At the present time bowling is one of the most popular sports in the city. In the winter months especially is this recreation indulged in by all classes of citizens. The usual game played is known as ten pins. Alleys may be found in BOO-BRE nearlv every locality and are generally run in connection with a saloon, tliongh a few exceptions may l)e named. Nearly every alley is given up each night, from eight until twelve o'clock, to club rolls. The clubs generally consist of twelve to twenty con- genial members, and are formed for social purposes, as well as for the sport and exercise obtained through ■the game. There are several hundred clubs in the city. A nu-mber of ladies' clubs have been formed, which gener- ally assemble in the afternoon. Dur- ing the day, alleys are always open to the public. The fee for each game is ten cents, and it is the custom for each player to pay for his own game unless it is agreed that the loser of the game shall pay for the same. There are several bowling associations which consist of four to twenty clubs, each club playing one or more games each week. Trophies are offered for a season's championship. Buffalo is also represented in the Interstate Bowling Association by a team selected from various clubs of the city. Breakwater. — (See Harbor.) Breweries. — There are nineteen breweries in Bufialo. three distilleries and a large number of malt houses. In 1863 there were thirty-five breweries and their output was 152,000 barrels, whereas the annual output of the present day is in the neighborhood of 675.000 barrels per annum. An asso- ciation was formed for the purpose of protecting the trade in 1873, which is known as the Buffalo Brewers Asso- ciation. The United States Brewers' Convention was held under their auspices in 1880. Lang's Park Brewery, comer of best and Jefferson Streets, is one of the oldest in the city. It was built in 1875, and consists of three brick build- ings — the brewery proper, stock house BRE— BRO 24 and bottling works. They keep twenty-two wagons running. It has a capacity of 175,000 barrels per annum. Magnus Beck Brewing Company, North Division and Spring Streets, is the second in size, with a capacity of 150,000 barrels per annum. Iroquois Brewery at 230 Pratt Street, is a five-story red brick build- ing, with white sandstone trimmings, entirely fire-proof, and was erected in 1894. Beer is cooled by two large dynamos, and in every way it is one of the best equipped breweries in the city and one of the largest in the State. Annual capacity, 90,000 barrels. German American Brewing Co., at the corner of Main and High Streets, and extending through to Washington, is another large brewery. The building is eight stores high, with a fine tower, and was rebuilt in 1895. The company run twenty wagons. The Christian Weyand Brew- ing Company was established by Christian Weyand, in 1866, and was incorporated as a company in 1889. Situated on Main and Edward Streets, it covers an area of 200 feet on Main, Washington and Goodell Streets. The stock house of the company is 50 X 176 feet on Ellicott Street above Goodell, with a storage capacity of 40,000 barrels. An important feature is the bottling department. Buffalo Co-operative Brewing Co., High, Michigan and Goodrich Streets, have a six-story brick building and do a large business. They keep sixteen wagons running. ZrEGELE Brewing Co., at the cor- ner of Washington and Virginia Streets, was built in 1888, with capa- city to carry on an excellent business. This company keeps fifteen wagons busy. The International Brewing Co. is at the Rock, being located at T088 Niagara Street. It was incorporated in 1884, employs about forty men, and keeps seven wagons going. Their bottling works are at 1076 Niagara .Street. Star Brewery, which covers a ground space 175 x 190 feet on Cherry and Spring Streets, has a capacity of 30,000 barrels, and employs nine wagons. An important feature of this brewery is its bottling department. John Schusler Brewing Com- pany (William Simon, proprietor) occupy a four-story brick building covering an entire block at 127 to 161 Emslie Street. It was founded in i860, and has a capacity of 100,000 barrels per year. Twenty wagons are employed. We cannot enumerate the others, but this will serve to show that brew- ing is one of the large and important industries of the city. Bridges. — The most important bridge within the city limits is the International Bridge (which see). The Michigan Street Bridge over the Buf- falo River is 38 feet wide, has two openings of 75 feet each, and when completed will cost ^86,700. The Elm- wood Avenue Bridge was built in 1895 of stone and is the finest passenger bridge in the city. The various other bridges in the city which are of im- portance are : the iron bridge over Cazenovia Creek at Seneca Street, the Ferry Street bridge over the canal, which is a drawbridge, and that at the foot of Porter Avenue. Broadway was formerly called Ba- tavia Street, and was the old stage route to Batavia, It is a broad street running northeast from 421 Washington Street to the east city line. The State Arsenal is on Broadway between Milnor and Potter Streets, The Broadway Market, between Gibson and Clark Streets, and several large churches. It is 25 BRO— BUF asphalted, with electric cars runnings to the city line. On l^ioadway may be found a lart^e number of cheap shops; (h^y jioods, milHnery. notions, jewelry, etc., and a number of concert halls. Broezel House. — The Hotel Bro- ezel was built in 1879 ^"<^ 1880, and opened to the public April ist, 1S80. Its rates are from $3 to $4 per day, according- to room and location. The Broezel is situated at the corner of Seneca, Wells and Carroll Streets and one block from the N. Y. C. & H R. R. R. station. It is an up-to-date building' in all its appointments, being practically fire-proof and containing about 200 rooms, 50 of which have baths. It is used exclusively for hotel purposes, having no stores connected with it. The ground floor has its rotunda, buffet, reading room, billiard room, dining room, etc. ; hence the entire first floor is given up to the guests, which adds very much to their comfort and convenience. The Broezel is a strictly first-class hotel and largely patronized. Buffalo Club.— Situated on Dela- ware Avenue corner of Trinity Place, occupies a handsome brown stone building, and is the representative men's club of the city. This Club was organized in 1867 with ex-president Millard Fillmore for its first president, and ever since, its history has enrolled many names of high rank. The Buf- falcj Club is far famed for its elegant entertainments and cordial hospitahty. Pjufifalonians dine largely at home, so while the Club has a fine restaurant and 425 members, it does not serve many dinners to its members, but Saturday night the Club is usually crowded, for it is the custom of its members to meet over a light supper. The resident membership is limited to 450. The entrance fee is fJioo and the annual dues are $50. Buffalo. Condensed Facts. Arka of City — 42 square miles. PoPTLATiON, over 355,000. Has 9 theaters, 60 public schools, 180 churches. Has 48 hotels and 5 public markets. Has 15 hospitals and infirmaries. Has an inexhaustible pure water supply. Has possession of unlimited electric power. Has 3,500 manufacturies, 100,000 operatives. Has 800 acres of park and 17 miles of park driveways. Has 160 miles, perfect system, elec- tric street railways. Has 700 miles railway tracks, 27 lines. Has 200 miles of asphalted streets. Has 51 elevators, etc.; capacity 16,- 615,000 bushels. Has 13 flour mills ; capacity, 8,900 barrels daily ; barrels manufactured, 1895, 1.354,523. Has the largest coal trestle in the world, nearly one mile long. Has five iron ore docks. Has 21 commercial banks; capital, 15,750,000; surplus, 14,273,000. Has 4 savings banks ; assets, I37,- 984,079.83. Has several libraries, a Fine Arts Academy, many clubs, a driving park, an Historical Society, a Masonic Temple, and a Society of Natural Sci- ences. Has cheap coal and natural gas in abundance. Is the most healthful large city in the United States. Exports by lake, 1895, 2,620,768 tons coal, 462,618 barrels cement and plaster,669,o78 barrels salt, and 1,097,- 164 barrels sugar. BUF 26 Coal receipts, 1895, 7,216.586 tons. Customs' Receipts, 1S95, $487,- 052 35- PosTOFFiCE receipts. 1895. I659,- 818 01. Lumber receipts, 1895, 632,051,476 feet. Live Stock receipts, 1895, 7,561,- 666 head. Internal Revenue receipts, 1895, 1920,087.27. Grain receipts, 1895. i)y lake, 163,- 755.128 bushels. Flour — lar.^est depotinthe world — receipts b\- lake in 1895, 8,971,740 bar- rels and packages. Vessels arrived in 1895, 5,019 ton- nage, 4,793.338 ; vessels cleai'ed in 1895. 4,956. tonnage, 4,819,085. Tonnage of the port, 1895, 384 ves- sels, of 18,186,802 tonnage. Length of Breakw^ater, 7,600 feet. Rate of Taxation in 1895 — City, 115.39 on valuation of |;[,ooo. County and State, $5 38. Buffalo Electrical Society. — Branch of Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Organized on September 25. 1883. Meetings are held the first and third Thursday evenings, in the Buffalo Library Building, corner Wash- ington Street and Broadway. Buffalo I/aw School— was organ- ized in 1887, under the auspices of the Judiciary and the Bar of the city of Buffalo, and was for some years a department of Niagara University, but in 1891 it severed its relations with the University at Suspension Bridge. Changes have been made in the organ- ization of the School, and it is now the Department of Law in the Uni- versity of Buffalo. The faculty and 'erturers upon special topics are either iudges now upon the bench, or law- yers in active practice, who have ripe judgment and a wide experience. The advantages of this School are liberally recognized and as an educational fac- tor in the study of law, has a wide and favorable reputation. Students taking the course of instruction in this de- partment receive the degree of Bach- elor of Law. The course of instruc- tion occupies two years' time. Each year is divided into two terms ol seventeen weeks each, beginning the first week in October and closing the last week in May. In consideration that four Courts of General Jurisdic- tion are held in Buffalo, the situation of a Law School in .the city is most favorable. Students thus have the opportunity to attend trial of cases before judges and juries, and are thereby able to acquire knowledge touching almost every branch of the law. Buffalo I/ibrary. — The Buffalo Library, formerly known as the Young Men's Library, was founded, in a mod- est way, as early as 1836, by the Young Men's Association of Buffalo, but had a struggling e.?cistence and grew very slowly for many years. Its first rooms were on the upper floors of a building on the east side of Main Street, three doors below Seneca Street. In 1841 it was removed to quarters on the southerly side of South Division Street, between Main and Washington — on ground now covered by the Ellicott Square Building. Thence it traveled, in 1852, to the old American Block on Main Street, where it v^'as much more agreeably housed, and where it held for a dozen years a profitable lease of American Hall, then the principal audience room of the city for lectures, concerts and similar assemblages. In 1864 a change of much greater import- ance was made. Aided by a most liberal public subscription, the Young Men's Association purchased the St. 27 James Hotel and St. James Hall on Main, Eao:le and Washington Streets, reconstructing- the interior of the hotel building- to adapt it to the uses of the library, and providing rooms in it, at the same time, for the Fine Arts Acad- emy, the Historical Society, the Soci- ety of Natural Sciences, and some other organizations. In this building the Library was pleasantly situated and had a prosperous growth for twenty years, until it had acquired such size and value as demanded a larger lotiging and one less exposed to the dangers of fire. By another public subscription, in 1883, the sum of $117,- 000 was raised, and with that help the Association proceeded to erect the noble building which now faces La- fayette Square, on Washington Street, between Clinton Street and Broadway, and which shelters the Buffalo Library, the Fine Arts Academy.the Society of Natural Sciences and the Historical Society. The building was finished and occupied in the early part of 1887. Its cost,exclusive of ground, was about 1328,000. The Association retained ownership of the property it had va- cated on Main and Eagle Streets, restored it to its original use as a hotel, and named it the "Richmond." Six months later the hotel and the adjoin- ing St. James Hall were destroyed by fire, and were replaced, at heavy cost to the Association, by the fire-proof Hotel Iroquois. The new library building is likewise of fire-proof con- struction throughout. The number of books now contained in the Library, (February, 1896) is about 81.000; pam- l^hlets, 10,000. For purposes of ref- erence and reading within its rooms, tlie Library is entirely free to the pub- he ; but only members of the Associa- tion and T, 000 selected school children ;ire permitted to draw books for use at h(Hne. Th(^ institution has no support from public ftmds, but is maintained in part by dues {$t, per year) Collected BUF from its members, in part by the income from a permanent library fund, and in part by the rental of the Hotel Iro- quois ; but the great debt incurred in building the latter creates an interest- charge which consumes the larger part of the revenue from that source. The total income of the Library is far short of its needs, but it does a work of great importance. BuiFalo Microscopical Club.— Branch of Buffalo Society of Natural Siences. Organized in 1875. Regular meetings are held every second Tues- day evening in each month ( July and August excepted) at the Buffalo Libra- ry Building, corner of Washington Street and Broadway. Buffalo Otyaan Asylum. — This institution was mcorporated on April 24, 1837. The Asylum began its life poor. Its first public appeal was through an exhibition of the children of the Asylum in the First Presbyterian Church in May, 1837. Its methods for raising funds have been various, but the one which enlisted the widest pub- lic interest and brought the largest result, was an Old Folks' Festival. This festival was held for a series ot days and evenings in the old St. James Hall, which was burned in 1887. The net proceeds were distributed among the different Protestant charities. The share that fell to the Orphan Asylum, in 1865, was $2,439.50; in 1866 its share was 13,071.81, and when Jenny Lind visited Buffalo she warbled $500 more in the treasury of the Asylum. During its first year it rented a home on Franklin Street. Afterwards for a year it occupied a house on Seneca Street. In 1840 it leased a building on Niagara Street, near Carolina, which was the last of its rented homes. In 1845 the Asylum purchased the prop- erty of the old Buffalo Literary and Scientific Academy, located on Main Street, at the corner of Virginia. It BUF— BUI 28 was at once occupied by the Asylum as a temporary home. They were then the owners of the property on Virginia Street, where the Asylum is now located. Mr. LeCouteulx, a na- tive of Rouen, France, a loyalist dur- ing the French Revolution, who was banished from France by the Consular Government of Napoleon, became a naturalized citizen of the United States, settling in Buffalo. He was a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and left the St. Louis Society the splendid property between Main Street and Delaware Avenue, and also endowed the Buffalo Orphan Asylum, so in him the destitute children in the City of Buffalo had a generous benefactor. In 185 1 they were prepared to begin the erection of an Asylum on their own property. By the sale of the Academy lands for the purposes of the Sisters' Hospital, and the Buffalo University for the use of a Medical College, to- gether with a gift of $20,000 from the State, private donations, etc., it had funds for the enterprise. In 1852 it removed to its new building, 403 Vir- ginia Street, where it has remained up to the present time. An important ad- dition was made in 1878, when an in- fant ward was added at a cost of |lio.- 000. The Asylum is a large brick and stone building, four stories high. The number of children cared for each year average from 115 to 120. There is an excellent children's library and a quantity of periodical literature is also provided. The As3lum grounds are rather limited and this deprives the little ones of an unrestricted enjoy- ment of out-door life, so that the sum- mer f)Uting is the event which is most eagerly watched for by the children. The institution has always been under the management of capable citizens, and has been liberally supported by private donations and bequests from the generous residents of Buffalo and neighboring towns. It not only fur- nishes an excellent home for orphans and needy children in its own building, but under its charter is authorized to give for adoption such children as are surrendered to it. Buffalo River. — (See Harbor and Steamboats.) Buffalo Seminary. — The Buffalo Seminary was chartered in 185 1 and graduated its first class in 1852. For many years the number of students in attendance has averaged over 200. The curriculum provides for the in- struction of pupils of all ages, from kindergarten to college, those who complete the course receiving the diploma of the school. The alumnae who now number over 500, organized themselves in 1876, into an association which has become one of the most prominent literary clubs of the city. The Seminary occupies a spacious building — Goodell Hall — planned and built solely for school uses — and a fine old residence of stone which was once the home of the first mayor of Buffalo. It has a broad frontage on Delaware Avenue and the rear of the property faces Johnson Park. The school has a very superior equipment in all de- partments and employs a faculty of twenty members, drawn chiefly from the colleges and training schools of high rank. Buffalo "Whist Club, a social club for the pleasure and promotion of whist, was organized on March 24, 1894, and incorporated April 26 of the same year. The club occupy rooms at 584 Main Street and has about 75 members. The club rooms are open every afternoon and evening, with reg- ular meetings the first Monday of each month. Builders' ^Exchange. — The pres- ent Buffalo Builders' Exchange As sociation is an admirable evolution of an idea that has progressed 29 BUI by slow and precarious processes for over a quarter of a century. In February, 1867, the representatives of twenty-two firms, in response to a call issued by by Mr. Joseph Cluirch- yard, since deceased, resolved to form an association called the Builders' Association of Buffalo, the object being to bring them together in more intimate and social relations, to check the bitterness of rivalry, that the skill and knowledge of each would in a great degree be acquired by all, thereby increasing their usefulness to the community in which we live. Through the efforts of a few, the organization was held together, al- though at times it seemed as if it should have to go out of existence on account of lack of interest. In 1887 it joined the National Association of lUiilders, and through that organiza- tion it was learned how exchanges were conducted in other cities, and it was decided that to receive any prac- tical benefits from such an association, it was necessary to become incorpor- ated. This was done, and the organ- ization started with a new lease of life. At the reorganization it was provided there should be two classes of mem- bers — corporate and non-corporate; ; the corporate members being the man- agers of the Exchange, and the mem- bership in this class being confined I0 those actually engaged in one of the mechanical trades necessary to the erection of a building. The oth<*r class to be known as non-corporate, and embracing within its membership those engaged in branches of business subsidiary to the mechanical traOi(;s represented in the corporation, it was also decided that the Exchange should meet daily between the hours of II A. M. and 12 M. as a Board of Trade, the object being to have some place at which builders and supply men could be certain of seeing each other, as well as for the accommoda- tion of architects and the public at large. As builders are certainly a class hard to find, their business being scattered in all sections of the city, it had become necessary to have some central point and stated hour when they could be seen. The success attained by the Association made it necessary that it should own a home of its own, having up to this time lived in rented quarters in different localities. In March, 1891, a lot was purchased at the northwest corner of Court and Pearl Streets, and the eight story brick and stone building now occupied by the Exchange erected. On September 6th, 1892, the builders moved into, and dedicated their new home. This step was undoubtedly one of the most important that could have been taken by the Exchange, as it has brought the Association much more prominently before the public, at the same time giving them a posi- BUS— CAM 30 tion among the business associations of the city, which up to this time they had not attained. The organization is composed of over two hundred of the leading contractors and supply men of the city, embracing all branches of the building trades. All wishing to see contractors in any branch of the building business can always do so between the hours. of 11 a. m. and 12 M. In connection with the Ex- change, there has been opened on the gound floor an exhibit room of build- ers' materials and supplies ; this is open free to the public from 8 a. m. to 5 P-M. Business Colleges.— The Bry- ant & Stratton Business College is one of the oldest institutions of the character in the country, and occupies a brick building at 54 West Genesee Street, erected especially for school purposes. The College was organized in 1854 and is well and favorably known, having graduated hundreds of successful business men. The ses- sions are from 8.30 a. m. to 5 p. m. daily, with evening classes from 7 to 9. Caton's Business College, at 460-466 Main Street, is open for in- struction daily from 8.30 a.m. to 5 p. M., with classes in the evening from 7.30 to 9 o'clock. The enrollment of students is about four hundred. Buffalo Business University was opened on March i, 1886, under the name of Clark's Business College, in the Coal and Iron Exchange on Washington Street. In May, 1889, it had quarters in the Miller Building, 10-16 West Mohawk Street, where it remained till May i, 1896, when the College was removed to Ellicott Square, where it now is. It has been under the same management ever since it was opened. The College can accommodate from two hundred and fifty to three hundred students, and teaches all the English branches, with special classes in book-keeping, typewriting and shorthand. There are a large number of private schools in the city for the same pur- pose, but the above-named colleges comprise the largest and most prac- tical institutions. Business Men's Associations. — The Black Rock Business Men's Association was organized in March, 1888, and has 70 members. They meet at i860 Niagara Street. North Buffalo Business Men's Association was organized in 1895 and numbers about 65 members. There are other associations of a like nature founded to promote special interests, such as the Buffalo Brick Manufacturers' Association, Buffalo Local Vessel Owners' Association, Buffalo Lumber Exchange, Buffalo Park Association, Buffalo Produce Exchange, Builders' Association Ex- change, Butchers' Association, Cold Spring Business Men's Association, East Buffalo Live Stock Association, East Buffalo Live Stock Exchange Company, Erie County Undertakers' Association, Highland Park Citizens' Association, Mason Contractors' Asso- ciation, Master Painters' Association, Master Steam Fitters' Association, Merchant Tailors' Exchange, Milk Dealers' Protective Association, Plan- ing Mill and Wood Workers' Associa- tion, Real Estate and Brokers' Board, and South Buffalo Business Men's Association, Camera Club. — The Buffalo Cam- era Club was organized October loth, 1888. Meetings are held in the club rooms. Palace Arcade, on the second and fourth Friday of each month. The club is a member of the Ameri- can Lantern Slide Interchange, and has a number of entertainments and lantern exhibitions for its members and 31 CAN-CAT triends, durinij the winter season, and an outing in the summer season. Studio, dariv room and apparatus free to members and guests. The club holds annual prize exhibitions. The membership is one hundred. Canisius College. — On Washing- ton Street, between Chippawa and Tupper Streets, was founded in 1870, and chartered in 1883. by the Regents of the University of the State of New York, and is the largest college in Buf- falo. Its object is to afford Catholic youth the facilities for securing a classical education. The scholastic year consists of one session, which be- gins on the first Wednesday of Sep- tember and closes towards the end ot June, when the annual commencement and the distribution of prizes take place. The course of instruction con- tains an academic and a collegiate de- partment. The college admits both boarding scholars and day scholars, the instruction being the same for all students. All boarders wear the col- lege uniform. The college building, of brick and stone, is three stories high, frontage over 300 feet, contain- ing spacious recitation rooms, study, recreation halls and dormitories. The college hall is equipped with a set of apparatus gymnastics. There is a handsome chapel adjoining the col- ege. Canoeing" — Buffalo has a fine Canoe Club with a hundred registered ed members. The Buffalo Canoe Club was organized in 1883 with a membership of two. It has now reach- ed its limit : one hundred members. It has two club houses ; one at the foot of Hamilton Street, Buffalo, for the use of members coming down the River. The other, and main club house, is situated on Abino Bay, On- tario, about a mile west of the Crystal Beach landing. This House has sleep- ing accomodation for 40 ; a competent staff of servants, during tiie summer months, and a boat house for the fleet. The Regattas of the B. C. C, of which six are held in a season are quite a feature. The fleet is made up of canoes, row boats, sailing skiffs and "half raters." The club possesses two 25 foot war canoes carrying about 14 people, and each year a cruise is made with these two canoes down the River to Chippewa Creek, up the Creek to Welland, through the VVelland Canal to Port Colborne. and from there to the club house. Car lyines. Routes.) -(See Street Railway Cathedral. — (See St. Josephs's Ca- thedral.) Catholic Club of BuiFalc— Was organized in June 1894. Their club rooms are on the third floor of the Catholic Institute building, corner Main and Chippewa Streets. Their ob- ject is purely social, a place for Catho- lic young men to gather and spend the evening in conversation or games of some kind. A buffet is attached. The anti-treating custom is working well in their midst. The club rooms are open daily from 3 to 12 p. m. Catholic Home. — This institution situated at 64 Franklin Street, is a home for girls and women when out of employment, where they are wel- come to remain, free of charge until they are able to secure work. The Sisters in charge assisting the petition- er in every way. Catholic Institute. —At 597 Main Street, corner of Chippewa, is a free public library. On October i, 1866, about thirty Catholic young men met and organized the German Catholic Young Men's Association. Its object was to maintain a library and reading room, lectures, debates, etc., and in CAZ-CEN 32 every way possible, promote the moral and intellectual growth of its members. On May 23, 1872, the institution be- came incorporated by an Act of Legis- lature. In November, 1874, its present site was purchased. By an Act of Leg- islature on June 6, 1877, it became a Free Public Library. The library has 6700 volumes, the best magazines and periodicals, all local papers and fra- ternal organs. The library is open from 9 A. M. to 9 P. M., except holidays and Good Fridays. Dues are |2.oo per year. Lady's Junior $1.00 per year. Life membership $30,00. The membership is about 800. The Insti- tute has an endowment fund to which is added all money received in fee from life members, the interest of same being used to purchase books. Casjenovia Park.— (See Parks). Cemeteries. — The following is a list of cemeteries in the city and vi- cinity : Beth Jacob Cemetery, Pine Hill. Buffalo City Cemetery, (Forest Lawn). Buffalo Private Cemetery, North, corner Best and Masten, Cemetery of the Evangelical Association, Walden Avenue, near Erie Junction Railway crossing. Cemetery of St. John's Church, (German Evangelical Lutheran), Wal- den Avenue, Pine Hill. Cemetery of St. Matthew's Church (junction Swan and Seneca), Clinton Street, at Buffalo River. Concordia Cemetery, Walden Avenue, near Erie Junction Railway crossing. Three Lutheran Evangel- ical congregations use this cemetery. Delaware Avenue Cemetery, Delaware Avenue, corner Hertel Ave- nue. Holy Cross Cemetery (Catholic), Limestone Hill. Holy Rest Cemetery (German Lutheran Trinity), Walden Avenue, near Erie Junction Railway crossing. Howard Free Cemetery, Lime- stone Hill, south of Holy Cross Cem- etery. Mount Hope Cemetery, Walden Avenue, Pine Hill. Reed's Cemetery, Limestone Hill, near Holy Cross Cemetery. Reservatiom Cemetery, near old Indian Church. St. Adelbert's Cemetery, Pine Hill. St. Francis Xavier Ceimetery, Niagara, near City Line. St. John's Cemetery, Military Road, near New York Central Rail- road crossing. St. Joseph's Cemetery (Roman Catholic), Main, south of Erie County Almshouse. Synagogue Beth El Cemetery, Pine Hill. Temple Beth Zion Cemetery, Pine Hill. United French and German Ro- man Catholic Cemetery Associa- tion, Pine Hill, East Delevan Ave- nue, near City Line. Zion's Church CexMetery, Wal- den Avenue, Pine Hill. Some of these cemeteries are de- scribed under their proper heading. Central Park. — This land is situ- ated directly to the east of North Park, or Park Lake. It is bounded by Parkside Avenue, Main Street, Amherst Street and Belt Line. It is one of the new resident sections of the city, and is building up very fast. All the streets have sewer and water con- nections, and at Central Park is the finest station on the Belt Line. 33 CHA— CHE Charity Organisation. — The Charity Organization Society of Buf- falo was organized on December ii, 1877, and incorporated November 27, 1879. It has the honor of being the first society of its kind in America. The object of the Society is to secure a systematic and intelHgent distribu- tion of pubHc charities. They thor- oughly investigate all cases of persons going to them for assistance, and to such as are deserving, relief is given. They also procure employment for needy persons who are capable and willing to work, thus promoting the general welfare of the poor. The Society has records of between four- teen and fifteen thousand families which have come under its care and it is in many ways the center of the char- itable work of this large city. The central office is at the Fitch Institute, 165 Swan Street, with a branch office at 287 Pearl Street. The Charity Organization Society operates the Fitch Creche, the Fitch Accident Hospital, the Fitch Provident Dispen- sary, the Penny Savings Fund, and a training school for domestics, and ex- pects to open a laundry school in the near future. The city is divided into church districts ; 70 of these have been accepted by that number of churches, who look after special features of the work. Chautauqua, 66 miles from Buf- falo, center of the Chautauqua Read- ing Circle, and the original of fifty Chautauquas in the United States and Great Britain, was founded in 1874, and has become an important factor in our national life. The town of Chautauqua, occupying well-wooded, naturally terraced land, at a beautiful point on the northern shore of Chau- taucjua Lake, contains more than five hundred attractive cottages, a well- equipped hotel, and many other build- ings which are used for public exer- cises, lectures, and recitations. The streets are well laid out and carefully swept ; the water supply is pure and abundant ; a system of sewers drains the entire town ; the climate is cool and invigorating. Chautauqua is near the northern end of Chautauqua Lake in southwestern New York. The Erie system connects Lake wood (12 miles by steamer from Chautauqua, with New York, Boston, Chicago, and Cincinnati. The Lake Shore route, via. Brocton and Mayville (at head of lake) brings passengers from all points east and west. The Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad passes, via. Mayville, to both Buffalo and Pittsburg. The Hotel Athenaeum was built to meet a demand for a hotel of the first grade. The cuisine is excellent ; the service prompt and courteous. There are parlors, tele- graph office, barber-shop, baths, ele- vator, electric bells, etc. Open June 20 to September i. A large number of well-kept boarding cottages provide good board and lodging at reasonable prices. There is also a limited num- ber of furnished cottages which may be rented for the season, Chautauqua is a city where municipal functions are extended to include free public in- struction and entertainment. This expense is defrayed by a system of taxation which falls upon all within the town. The tariff varies from 40 cents for one day to $s for the entire season. Chautauqua I/iterary and Sci- entific Circle was organized in 1878, at Chautauqua, N. Y., and now num- bers about 25,000 readers. The plan includes a general four years' course in history, literature, science and art. There are twenty-six branches in Buf- falo, with a main "office at 75 West Genesee Street. Cheektowaga. — A town of Erie County, directly east of Buffalo and CHI— CHR 34 west of Lancaster. It is densely popu- lated on the city side, and is properly part of the city. Formed as a town in J829. Children's Aid Society. — See ^Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home. Children's Hospital, organized in 1892. This hospital, devoted ex- clusively to the care of children, has two large wards capable of containing twenty beds each. In 1893, fifty-five children were received into the hospital and the seven endowed free beds were constantly in use. Hard working par- ents with large families, or widows in destitute circumstances, who, in spite of every effort to honestly sustain their families, are not able to secure for a sick or crippled child proper care and treatment, have found the use of these free beds of great value and assist- ance. The price charged for board is $7.00 per week, but in some cases where the parents are unable to pay the amount, the charge has been re- duced to $5.00. Such matters are left entirely to the wisdom of the Presi- dent of the hospital and the attending staff. Most of the children sent to this hospital are suffering from diseases which require surgical treatment. The institution is maintained by local con- tributions and the interest taken in it is very hearty. The hospital is located at 219 Bryant Street. Chippewa Market. — See Wash- ington Market, Christian Associations — A num- ber of the important Christian Asso- ciations are given below: Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, Mohawk, corner Pearl Street — (which see). German Department, Young Men's Christian Association, Gen- esee, corner Spring Street. Railroad Department, Young Men's Christian Association, Elli- cott, corner Exchange Street. Buffalo City and Erie County Bible Society, incorporated May 7, 1888. Guard of Honor Library and Christian Institute, 620 and 622 Washington Street. Open daily from 3 p. M. to 9.30 p. M. St. John's Young Men's Chris- tian Association of North Buf- falo. Meets alternate Thursday evenings at Ortner's Hall, 1995 Niag- ara Street. St. Mary's Young Men's Cath- olic Association. Meets quarterly at St. Mary's Schoolhouse, Pine, near Broadway. St. Michael's Young Men's So- dality. Meets second and fourth Sunday evenings at St. Michael's Chapel, Washington Street. St. Vincent de Paul Confer- ence OF St. Michael's Roman Catholic Chuch. Woman's Christian Association, (which see) No. 10 Niagara Square. The Woman's Missionary So- ciety OF the Presbytery of Buf- falo. Christian Homestead Associa- tion was incorporated March 14th, 1 89 1, the work being founded by a gift of ^10,000 from one of Buffalo's citi- zens. The double five-story brick building at Nos. 84 and 86 Lloyd Street was purchased at that time. The four upper floors of the building are devoted to bedrooms and dormi- tories, there being provided 150 enam- eled iron bedsteads, with woven wire mattresses and an abundance of cover- ings, and at the side of each bed an in- dividual wardrobe or locker. On the top floor is an air-tight fumigating room, through which process all of the bedding passes at regular intervals. One side of the lower floor is devoted to the purpose of a reading room, con- taining tables which are well supplied with papers, periodicals, etc. In a part of this large room is an office, constantly presided over by an assist- ant, by whom locker keys and beds are checked out with the system of a hotel. Stationery is supplied free of charge to the guests. There is a stor- age room for their bulkier possessions, and every convenience is provided. In the other half of the lower floor is carried on a restaurant, likewise pre- sided over constantly by an assistant. This is the poor man's hotel, and he is proud of the order and cleanliness here maintained. Here clean and comfortable lodgings and wholesome food are supplied at the lowest pos- sible cost, removed from the tempta- tions surrounding ordinary cheap lodg- ing-houses. The lodging house was open on November i6th, 1891, and the restaurant feature was an addition to the work, opened on the first of the following April, 1892. At some sea- sons of the year the capacity of the lodging house is very inadequate, while the average number of lodgers per night is 130, and in the restaurant there has been served an average of 400 meals daily at from 3 to 15 cents. The Rescue Mission feature of this work was commenced in rented rooms at No. 163 Canal Street, in June, 1891, only a few months after the incorpora- tion of the Association in Rescue Mis- sion. Church Home. — Situated on the corner of Rhode Island Street and Front Avenue is a home for aged and destitute females, which was opened in 1858. The objects of this institu- tion is to find shelter for infirm and in- digent persons. In the spring of 1866 an orphanage was added, and today it cares for over a hundred children. 35 CHU— CIT The Home is in charge of the deacon- esses of the Episcopal Church and is one of the charities established by the Church Charity Fundation. Church of Christ, have the fol- lowing places of worship in this city. Richmond Avenue Church of Christ (Disciples), Richmond Avenue corner Bryant Street. Jefferson Street Church of Christ (Disciples), Jefferson Street near E. Utica. Forest Ave. Church of Christ (Disciples) Corner West Forest Ave- nue and DeWitt Street. The Church of Christ (Scientist), Jersey Street near Prospect Avenue. . Central Church of Christ (Scientist). Services at 20th Century Club, Delaware Avenue above Allen Street. Church Unions.— A number of the church denominations maintain un- ions. The Buffalo Baptist Union was incorporated in 1884 ; the Methodist Episcopal Union was incorporated in 1885; and the Presbyterian Union, in- corporated in 1885. City and County Hall. — The headquarters of the City and County Governments is a handsome three story granite building, occupying the square bounded by Delaware Avenue, Franklin, Church and Eagle Streets, and cost $1,500,000 00. This building was completed and formally dedicated and occupied in 1876, at which time it was judged much too large for the occupancy of all the City and County offices. Within ten years from the date of its first occupation, however, public business had begun to outgrow it and some eight years ago, owing to the pressure for more room, a brick and brown stone three story annex, known as the Municipal Building, was erected on Delaware Avenue. This CIT 36 too, however, has in its turn proved inadequate by the constantly growing needs of pubHc business and plans have been drawn for the addition of a fourth story to the present handsome City Hall. It is stated by the architect who has these plans in hand and who designed the original drawings, that it will add to rather than detract from the general beauty of the building. Owing to the sagacious administration of the commissioners in charge, the Hall was built for less than the stip- u 1 a t e d amount. The woodwork throughout the building is black wal- nut, the stairs are iron with wainscoting of marble. It has a fine tower 200 feet high, having an illuminated four- dial clock, the dials of which are each nine feet in diameter. The statues on the tower, which are also granite, are each sixteen feet high. The building is surrounded by a beautiful well-kept lawn and flowering shrubbery. Every visitor to the city will be amply re- warded for the time spent in the City and County Hall, from the tower of which may be seen Buffalo, Lake Erie, Niagara River, and in the distance the Canadian shores. Visitors may go through the building between the hours of 8.30 A. M. and 4.30 p. M. daily. The departments in the City Hall are as follows : First Floor — Board of Public Works, City Treasurer. Comptroller, City Clerk, Park Commissioners, Cor- oners and " Press " Headquarters, Superintendent of Streets, Sheriff", County Clerk, Surrogate, County Treasurer. Second Floor — Mayor, Chief En- gineer. Supreme Court, (part 3,) Assess- ors, District Attorney, Grand Jury, Supreme Court Chambers, Commis- sioner of Jurors, County Judge, County Court, Supreme Court, (part i,) Law Library, Judges' Private Consulting Room, Supreme Court Chambers, Supreme Court, Special Term, Su- perior Court Records. Third Floor — Board of Council- men, Board of Aldermen, Court Juries, Corporation Counsel, Supreme Court, Equity Term, Justices, Supreme Court, (part 2,) Supervisors, County Auditor. City Clerk's Department.— This is a branch of the government of the City of Buffalo which has charge of exceedingly important official mat- ters, and in which, through careless- ness or inadvertence, mistakes may be made, and have been made, the results of which have been far- reaching and of great expense to the taxpayers. As at present con- ducted, this office is a model of busi- ness methods, systematic conduct of public business, and has come to be looked to as a department of the City Government, where the visitor seeking information will be treated with the utmost courtesy and his requests com- plied with, with cheerfulness and alac- rity. In this office are prepared ad- vertisements of notices of intention, an error in which might be fatal to important assessment rolls, and here also are prepared for the printer the complex proceedings of the Common Council, and from this office are di- rected the details of Buffalo's elec- tions. During the last three years the office has been rehabilitated in the public sight, and many important municipal documents have originated with the City Clerk, which have been of vast benefit to the City of Buffalo, setting forth in attractive and readable form its growth, its advantages, its central location and its possession of that unique industrial treasure, the Falls of Niagara, to furnish the horse power for its manufactories. City Government. — The new city charter became operative on January I, 1892, Buffalo is governed by a Mayor and Board of Aldermen, THE PETER PAUL BOOK COMPANY AVE not only a large stock of BOOKS to fill orders from but have the connections with all publishing houses of this country and abroad which only a long business ^fe can form^e^The facilities offered by the post-office practically gives us A BRANCH IN EVERY CITY, TOWN AND VILLAGE IN THE UNITED STATES All mail orders promptly filled and all questions regarding Books replied to at once* ^ If you have not an account with us, send us the adver- tised price of the book and we will return you the amount of the discount — our prices being much lower than those of the publishers* WWW THE PETER PAUL BOOK COMPANY 420 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO 37 one of the latter being sent from each of the 25 wards, and nine Councihnen are elected by the entire city. The principal municipal officers are the Mayor, Comptroller, Clerk, Attorney, Treasurer, Park Commissioners, Board of Public VV^orks, Fire, Police and Ex- cise Conmiissioners, Superintendent of Education, with a Board of Exam- iners, Assessors. Overseer of the Poor, Chief of Fire Department, Commis- sioners and Board of Health, Police Justices and Municipal Court Judg^es. As constituted today, Buffalo is one of the best governed cities in the world. City Ship Canal. —The most im- portant harbor ship canal, runnino- from the foot of Canal Street, to the Lehigh Valley Railroad Coal Docks on Tifft Farm, sometimes known as the Blackwell Canal. Civil Service Commissioners.— The Civil Service Commission of the City ot Buffalo was organized in 1S84. The Commissioners appointed hold examinations, and all persons seeking appointment to office must first pass this examination ; having passed such creditably, their names are placed on record, and when appoint- ments are made the name appearing first upon the list is usually given the preference. These examinations are iield at the discretion of the Board of Examiners. Meetings of the Board are held monthly. Civil Service Reform Associa- tion. — Is located at the Fitch Institute, 165 Swan Street, and was organized June 15. iS8r. The Association is for the furtherance of civil service, or the appointment of persons to office by the merit system. They have some 400 members and is one of the oldest associaticjus in the country. Meetings ore held monthly and the dues are 1 1. 00 a year. CIT— CLI Cleveland Boats. — The Cleve- land and Buffalo Transit Company, (C. & B, Line), run two large boats between Cleveland and Buffalo ; The State of Ohio and The City of Buffalo. Steamers leave Buffalo at 8.30 p. m., and arrive in Cleveland at 8.30 a. m., the next morning ; boats leaving Cleveland for Buffalo at the same hours. These steamers carry both passengers and freight. The round trip is 13.50. The costs of berths are as follows : Upper berth, ^i.oo ; lower, |r,5o; stateroom, I2.50. The office of the company is at Ohio and Illinois Streets. Cleveland Democracy.— A poli- tical organization of prominent Demo- crats, very active during presidential campaigns. Climate. — The statistics of the local weather bureau show that its conditions compare favorably with any city in the same climatic zone. It can boast of being one of the most pleasantly habitable cities in the world. The temperature rarely goes below 10 degrees above zero or rises above 80 degrees, and these instances are but in extreme cases. The spring season of Buffalo is shorter than at surrour ''ing cities, due to lodgment of ice in the harbor during the winter. The summers are much cooler than in surrounding cities, due to the fact that the southwest wind, which is the pre- vailing direction, comes from the lake, that body of water having a greater capacity for heat than land, is there- fore much cooler than a land breeze. The fall season is much longer and more uniform than at all other sta- tions, because the lake, which has been heated up during the summer, retains its heat longer than the land, hence the southwest wind passing over it, brings a warm, mild atmos- phere, whereas other sections are ex- periencing quite cold weather. The CLU-COA 38 winters are more uniform than most lake cities, because when the lake has become frozen over and the ice re- mains at a temperature of about 32°, the temperature of the air away from the lake's influence falls to twenty and sometimes to thirty degrees below zero, whereas the ice being warmer than the air during severe cold weather keeps our atmosphere warmer. Clubs. — There are a vast number of clubs in Buffalo, all told. Probably few people outside those actively en- gaged in the governing of the various bodies called clubs, have any idea of the great amount of money and time it takes to run a large one. The most expensive clubs are the Buffalo Club, Saturn Club, University Club and the Ellicott Club, facts concerning which are mentioned under their own heads. The following is a list of the principal clubs : Acacia Club, (Masonic), Masonic Temple, Niagara Street. Bachelor Social Club, 535 Main Street. Buffalo Club, 388 Delaware Ave- nue. Buffalo Press Club, over 208 Main Street. Buffalo Yacht Club, foot of Porter Ave. Country Club, north of Park. Falconwood Club, Grand Island, dock, foot of West Ferry Street. Hawthorne Club, 387 Washing- ton Street. Imperial Club, 221 Pearl Street. Island Club, Grand Island, docks foot of West Ferry Street. La Salle Club, 132 College Street. Oakfield Club, Grand Island, docks foot of West Ferry Street. Otowega Club, Linden and Starin Avenues. Phcenix Club, 352 Franklin Street. Saturn Club, Delaware Avenue and Edward Streets. University Club, 884 Main Street. Coacliing. — The most popular coaching route of any distance is that of the boulevard to Niagara Falls. Buffalo has a number of handsome tally-hos which may be leased for coaching purposes. The Gary coach, a private whip, makes trips to the Falls during the season, leaving Buf- falo at 10 A. M. and returning the same evening, with a stop-over at the Falls of several hours. The distance from Buffalo to the Falls via River Road is 22 miles. From La Salle to the Falls is a particularly delightful trip, as part of it lies in the Niagara Falls Reservation, close by the grandest rapids in the whole world. The ex- cellent roads in and about Buffalo offer subtle inducements to coaching parties, and many a load of gay young society people may be seen any pleas- ant summer's day arriving at, or leav- ing the Country Club. Coal. — Buffalo is among the great- est coal markets of the world. Its coal trestles are the largest in the world. The stocking plants and ship- ping docks in the city represent a total valuation of |i6,ooo,ooo. The follow- ing table shows Buffalo's importance as a coal distributing point. Anthracite Bituminous Imports. Imports. Year. Tons. Tons. 1890 4,349,690 1,344,467 189I 4,507,804 2,405,084 1892 4,804,760 2,682,441 1893 4,770,546 2,896,614 1894 4,272,130 2,280,470 1895 : t . . • 4.764,033 ;2,727,548 39 Coal and Iron i^xchange is on Washington Street, near Seneca, and was erected in 1S82. The buildinjj^ is six stories high and is occupied for office purposes. The first floor is principally taken up by the People's Bank and the offices of the Buffalo Natural Gas Fuel Company. Cold Spring. — At one time a suburb of the city, is now obliterated by its growth. A sub-station of the post-office (station C), is located at 1419 Main Street. Colored Masonry. A so-called Masonic organization in Buffalo is that maintained by the colored men of the city. This organization has no connection with the regular Masonic bodies composed of white members. The order is prosperous and is main- tained by the prosperous colored men of Buffalo. The various bodies, places of meetings and dates of meetings of the colored Masons are as follows : St. John's Lodge No. 16, F. & A. M. Meets second and fourth Tuesdays at hall, Michigan, corner William Street. Erie Chapter No. 10, R. A. M. Meets second and fourth Monday evenings, monthly, at hall, Michigan, corner Willian Street. Simon Com.mandery No. 10. K. T. Meets first Monday evening, monthly, at hall, Michigan, corner William Street. Rose Croix Chapter No. 6, A. A. S. R., i8th Degree. Meets fourth Thursday evenings, monthly, at hall, Michigan, corner William Street. Hira:vi Masonic Relief Associa- tion. Meets first Monday, monthly, at 61 Union Street. Commerce and Manufactures. — The transportation facilities of Buf- falo are unequaled. Twenty-six rail- roads enter Buffalo, with over 600 COA— COM miles of trackage within the city limits. Further transportation facili- ties are given by the Great Lakes, also the Erie Canal, which connects the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and the Atlantic seaboard. The Great Lakes cover an area of 84,000 square miles, and have 3,600 miles of navig- able shore lines, which is but 200 miles less than the entire United States Coast bordering on the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Their commerce exceeds by 2,000,000 tons annually the total foreign and coastwise com- merce of the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf seaboard of the United States. The port of Buffalo, during the season of navigation, is as large as the port of London', which is the largest in the world. Within 450 miles of Buffalo live 35,000,000 people, thus placing within a night's ride half the popula- tion of the United States. Among the noteworthy industries of Buffalo are those which produce cars, car wheels, marine boilers and engines, lake steamers, agricultural implements, sugar-making machinery, flour, wall paper, harness, hardware, iron bridges, malt, cast iron pipe, brick, lithograph work, refrigerators, soap, starch, printing ink, railroad and other fine printing, proprietary medicines, fer- tilizers, illuminating and lubricating oils, scales and many other products. Comptroller's Department.— The financial department of the city government is directly under the super- vision of the Comptroller. It is the duty of the Comptroller to each year require each department of the munic- ipality to furnish to him on or before the first day of February a detailed statement of the amount of money necessary for the maintenance of their respective departments for the coming fi.scal year, which begins on the first day of July. From February ist to March ist these estimates as submitted COM— CON 40 by the various departments are subject to the revision of the Comptroller, who must on the first day of March submit the same, as revised, to the Board of Aldermen, or the lower branch of the local legislative body. On the first day of April the Board of Aldermen submit the estimates, as re- vised, to the Board ot Councilmen, or the upper house of the local legislature, and they in turn enter into a consider- ation of the subject until the 13th day of April in each year, when both the Board of Aldermen and the Board of Councilmen meet in joint session as committee of the whole, and pass upon and fix the amount of the annual budget. As soon as it shall be determ- ined the amount necessary for the maintenance of the city government for the coming fiscal year (which rep- resents the total amount of expendi- tures less the resources applicable to the payment thereof ) the Comptroller is furnished with a statement from the Board of Assessment of the assessed valuation of all the real property in the city of Buffalo, and immediately pro- ceeds to apportion the tax upon the said property according to the assessed valuation thereof. This done, the assessment rolls are turned over to the treasury department, and the taxes ap- pearing thereon placed upon collection. It is the duty of the Comptroller to issue all bonds authorized by the Com- mon Council or by special act of the Legislature, and a receipt for all mon- eys paid into the city treasury, and all checks and warrants given in payment of the city's obligations must be coun- tersigned by the Comptroller before they are binding or negotiable. It is the duty also of the Comptroller to keep accurate books of account of all local assessnm^ rolls levied for the payment of l^cal improvements, and a record of all warrants drawn in pay- ment of said improvements. In short, all that pertains to the fiscal affairs of the city are under the immediate super- vision of the Comptroller, and so inti- mately is this department connected with all the other departments of the city government that the Comptroller's office has come to be known as the Clearing House of the City Hall. Concerts. — During the season, from October to May, there is certain to be a series of concerts in Buffalo. Most of these concerts are given at Music Hall, those of the highest repu- tation being the Buffalo Symphony Orchestra concerts whose programe is always composed from classical music of the old masters, which is relieved by one or more vocal selections always rendered by singers of established ability. These concerts are preceded by one public rehearsal given in the afternoon. Eight concerts are given, tickets being sold only by subscription. In the season of 1896, Buflalo secured three nights of grand opera under the able leadership of Walter Damorosch. The Buffalo Vocal Society also give a series of concerts during which much good music is rendered and at each concert one or more opera singers are engaged to sing solos. Excellent concerts are also given by the various musical socities and clubs : Buffalo Liedertafel, Ladies' Afternoon Musical, Orpheus Society, etc., with open air concerts in the dif- ferent parks during the summer months. Concerts Saloons. — By this we mean resorts of amusements where re- spectable people would not care to go. These places are located principally upon Canal Street, Broadway, and the east side generally. There are also some of a better character on Main Street. Usually women are employed as attendants in these places, and a dis- play of gaslight, paint and cheap music are the visible signs which tempt young men to believe there are splendors within which are worth seeing, while the fact is, there is nothing but what proves damaging to the morals and the purse, for much poor liquor is called for and drank by the women attend- ants, which the unwary visitor pays for. The drinks sold are vile, the music horrible, and the women vulgar and bad. as the array of such which many be found before a magistrate any morning will attest. There are of course, besides these places others of a respectable class which may be found by looking at the advertisements of tiie daily newspapers. Congregational Churrhes.-The following Congregational Churches are in flourishing condition : First Congregational Church, Elm wood Avenue corner Bryant St. Plymouth Congregational, Mil- itary Road corner Grote Street. People's Church, Niagara Square. Pilgrim Congregational, Rich- mond Avenue corner Breckenridge Street. Congressmen.— Erie County is represented by two Congressmen. The 32d district comprises the first to 14th, 19th and 20th wards. The 33d district, wards 15 to 18, 21 to 26, and all the towns of Erie County. Convents — Holy Angels' Academy, which was founded in 1856, has grown to be the largest Catholic academy in Buffalo. The building, which is at the corner of Porter and Prospect Ave- nues, is an elegant brick structure, hav- ing four stories and a basement. The entire building is well furnished and an air of culture and comfort pervades every nook. The buildings and grounds cover 300 feet square in a se- lect portion of the city, surrounded by beautiful parks. Pupils are received from all over the country, as the Grey 41 CON— ecu Nuns are noted teachers. The average number of boarders and day pupils in attendance is 275. The academy is in charge of 21 Grey Nuns. Miss Nardin's Academy. — One of the oldest and best known educa- tional institutions in the city. It was established August, 1857, by Miss E. Nardin, of the Order of the Sacred Heart of Mary. This academy is also known as St. Mary's Academy. A branch of this school is located on Cleveland Avenue, and is both a boarding and day school. The attend- ance is large, averaging 250 pupils. Tiie course of studies range from Kindergarten to graduation, embrac- ing all that is necessary to a complete education. Buffalo Academy of Sacred Heart. — By an act of the Legislature in April, 1895, the Sacred Heart Acad- emy was incorporated as the " Buffalo Academy of Sacred Heart," with pow- er to confer diplomas. This institution is the outgrowth of a small school es- tablished in 1874 by the Sisters of St, Francis. The building is a large brick structure, located at 749 Washington St''eet, in the very heart of the city. As this is a day school only, it is more of a normal school than anything else, having educated many 5^oung women who are holding positions as teachers in the public schools. Le Couteulx (see St. Mary's Insti- tution for Deaf Mutes. ) Coroners. — There are two coroners in Buffalo, elected by the people and paid $2,500 a year. Every case of sudden death is reported to the near- est coroner, and an inquest into the cause of death held. Where there are no suspicious circumstances at- tending the death an i~iquest is not deemed necessary. Councilttien. — The Board of Coun- cilmen, or upper house, consists of COU— CRI 42 nine members elected at large, three each year, and their salaries are |i,ooo per annum each. Country Club. — This is a wealthy and aristocratic organization which was incorporated February 11, 1889. It is a family club for the encourage- ment of athletic exercises and sports. The number of male resident mem- bers is limited to one hundred and fifty, women being eligible to full membership, and their immediate fam- ilies, excepting male adults, entitled to equal rights and privileges of the club-house and grounds. The club- house was built in 1890 and occupies about twenty acres north of Park Lake, having fine Polo grounds and stables and a golf course of 18 links, which occupies adjoining premises leased for the purpose. The Club is a member of the State Polo Associa- tion and holds a polo tournament and horse show annually. County Clerk's Office is in room 9 on the ground floor of the City Hall. Open for the transaction of business from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. County Court House.— (See City and County Hall.) County Officers — The most im- portant officers of the County of Erie are County Judge, Justices ot Sessions, County Clerk, District Attorney, Sur- rogate, Superintendent of the Poor, County Treasurer, Coroners, and Sheriff. Courts. — (See also Law-Courts). The various law courts sitting in this city, and their places of meeting are as follows : Federal — Circuit Court, Postoffice Building ; District Court, Postoffice Building. Civil — Supreme Court, Circuit Court, Common Pleas, Surrogate's Court, City and County Hall, Muni- cipal, Municipal Building. Criminal — Oyer and Terminer Gen- eral Sessions, Special Sessions, City and County Hall. Police — Police Court, Municipal Building. Cradle Banks. — (See Fresh Air Mission). Cradle Beach.— (See Fresh Air Mission). Crematory .—The Crematory erect- ed in 1885, is built of dark-brown sandstone, reminding one of quaint chapels built centuries ago. This temple for the incineration of the re- mains of those whose wish it was to be cremated, is opposite Forest Lawn and may be readily reached by any of the Forest Avenue cars. The Cream- atory is covered with English ivy and surrounded by smooth sloping lawns. It is owned by the Buffalo Cremation Company, (Limited), with a capital stock of |i5,ooo. The company's fee for each cremation is I25.00, The first cremation took place in 1885. Crescent Beach, is located upon the bank overlooking the bay at the extreme east end of Lake Erie and is lYz miles above the Niagara boat landing near Fort Erie Grove. The corporation own about three-fourths of a mile of lake frontage and have, they claim, one of the best fresh sand beaches. They have waterworks sup- plied by a force pump and wind-mills, commodious barn belonging to the Association, a bus connecting with all trains and a dining hall and eleven cottages. Cricket. — This game is played at the Front and sometimes at the Buf- falo Park Meadow. There are few important cricket clubs, the sport being rather unpopular. ^f. CRYSTAL BEACH *^ BUFFALO'S PARADISE. Jt THE IDEAL FAMILY RESORT. —=«- SEASON OF t896. The msKT steel Excursion Steamer ^ ^^ ^ GARDEN CITY and the old favorites PEARL and GAZELLE will make hourly trips from the foot of Main Street. A NEW BOWLING ALLEY will be ready for AN ELECTRIC RAILWAY from Crystal Beach use early in the season, which will he larg^e I to Ridgeway, connecting the boats with the and very complete in its appointments, and ? Grand Trunk Railway, is now in process of add greatly to the attractiveness of the place. 5 construction, and will be ready for use at the \ opening of the Excursion season. BOATING, BATHING, FISHING, ETC., ETC., ETC. No liquor will be sold or allowed upon the boats or on the grounds. For Tia\E-TABLE, see daily papers. For excursion rales, dates, or other information, apply at the office of the Company 1098 ELLICOTT SQUARE. ^ ^ Jt telephone 1562. Cruelty to Animals. — The Erie County Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, was incorporated September 19, 1888, and has an office at 39 Erie Street, with a branch Society at Lancaster. The work of this So- ciety is not limited to the city, for it has given attention to a large number of cases in near-by towns in the county. Any person witnessing the abuse of dumb animals in the city streets and reporting same to this Society, it will promptly receive their attention and such person or persons brought to account. The driving of lame horses, horses over-ladened or insufficiently fed are looked after by a committee of the Society, and where owners do not treat such animals humanely, prompt steps are taken and the offender speedily arrested and fined according to the nature of the complaint. Any resident of Erie County may become an active mem- ber of this Society by paying the sum of f I per year. Meetings are held on the second of January, April, July and October. Cruelty to Children.— The Queen City Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was incorporated May 19, 1879, The work of this Society is entirely non-sectarian. It demands active, energetic, progres- sive methods — at the same time there must be combined with such action the highest form of Christian charity. The active offier of the society is called upon to perform sharp, decisive detective work in hunting out and in- vestigating cases, but the Society ex- ercise great care not to intrude the work of the Society beyond its proper limit. Where positive cases of cruelty or abuse exist the first step taken is to learn the full par- ticulars; then endeavor, if the case will permit, to advise, so that the duty of the parents to the child may be 43 CRU— CRY fully understood without the aid of the law. When cases are more ex- treme, the law is then brought into requisition and the offenders made to see, their obligations, and if they will not meet such, the Society rescues the little ones from their trouble and deals with the offending parties in a firm, decisive manner. Such children are provided with homes when possible, are turned over to the care of some humane relative or put into a charit- able institution founded for the pur- pose. The office of the Society is at 62 Delaware Avenue. Crystal Beach. — A charming sum- mer resort on the northerly or Can- ada shore of Lake Erie, about ten miles from Buffalo, and on the land- locked bay between Windmill Point and Point Abino. The beach at this place is exceptionally smooth, clean and sloping, excellently adapted for boating, and being sheltered by Point Abino, affords a safe landing place for excursion steamers, even upon stormy days. Good fishing abounds in the bay, and a fleet of small boats for row- ing or sailing is always in readiness for visitors. A large grove, five minutes' walk from the boat landing,is available for excursions and picnic parties, and is provided with a pavillion suitable for dancing or as a shelter-house in case of sudden rain or storm. A sum- mer hotel crowns the ridge or bluff directly opposite the wharf, which in connection with a large dining hall affords ample accommodation for per- manent summer boarders and transient visitors. In addition to these a restau- rant, quick lunch counter, confection- ary stands, a merry-go-round, tobog- gan slide, bowling alley, bath houses, shooting gallery, a supply house, bar- ber shop and other conveniences and attractions combine to render the re- sort at once attractive and inviting to its patrons whether old or young. No CRY— CUS liquor is permitted to be sold either upon the grounds or upon the boats, and every effort is made to secure a respectable, orderly and in every way unobjectionable family resort. Cot- tages and tent-sites can be rented by the month or season, and during the hot months a small city is thus added to Her Majesty's dominions. The ex- cursion fleet of the company consists of the steamers Garden City, Pearl and Gazelle, which leave the foot of Main Street and make no less than 12 round trips daily during the excursion seas- on. An electric railway is in process of construction from Crystal Beach to Ridgeway and will be ready for use soon, which will connect the boats with the Grand Trunk Railway, Crystal Park. — Immediately ad- joins Crystal Beach, and is a young and growing city of summer homes. A large tract of land has been plotted, and laid out in streets, and lots are sold to parties desiring a pleasant and inexpensive place for summer sojourn. A new hotel has been erected, and new cottages are rapidly being added to the already fairly prosperous little city. Easy of access from Buffalo, either by boat or rail, it is doubtless destined to rapidly increase in size, attractiveness and popularity. Curling and (Juoiting. — The Caledonian Curling and Quoiting Club is on Ellicott Street, near North, and is a representative organization of its kind. Many of its members are prominent, business men. Match games are arranged during the season; many of the games being played on the Park Lake, attracting large crowds. The Caledonians have won many valu- able trophies at home and abroad. Their most noteworthy competitors being Canadian teams. Customs. — The Custom House for the District of Buffalo Creek is 44 located in th Goverment Buildings, Washington Street corner Seneca. customs' receipts. The following statement shows the receipts at the Buffalo Custom House during each month, and the totals for the calendar years named : Month. 1891, 189=:, January . . $65,223.01 163,396,26 February • 77,788.65 32,10976 March . 54,164.61 43,260.66 April . . . 68,900.31 34,35936 May . . . 64.511,84 34,942.96 June , . • 52,677.79 26,185.81 July . . . 31,979.11 23,992.37 August , . 38,249.26 26,510.08 September . 66,594.60 38,657,93 October . . 90,076.43 62,874.83 November • I23.675-72 47,099,81 December . 93,754-43 53.632.52 Totals . 1827,595.76 1487,022.35 The annexed statement shows the business transacted and the moneys collected at the Buffalo Custom House during the fiscal years ending June 30, 1894 and 1895 : Receipts — From what source derived. Year endino- June30,i894. Year ending June 30,1895. Duties on im- ports .... Fines, penal- ties, etc. . . Services U. S. 1490,461.49 |5 4,028.32 19,784.47 1,346.22 Officers . . . Services, la- 2,942.50 3,042.00 bor, cartage and weigh- ers' fees . . Official fees . . Miscellaneous 674.18 5,150.40 697,49 5,568.30 receipts . . . 88,98 5.67 Totals . . , ^503,355.87 |5. 50,444.15 A net increase in 1895 of $27,088.28. Number of enrollments issued in 1887 was 93 ; in 1888, 79 ; in 1889, 81 ; in 1890, TOO ; in 1891, 96 ; in 1892, 91 ; in 1893, 87 ; in 1894, 116 ; and in 1895, 74- Number of licenses issued in 1887 was 219; in 1888, 198; in 1889, 232; in 1890, 250 ; in 1891. 272 ; in 1892, 257 ; in 1893, 263 ; in 1894, 296 ; and in 1895, 290. Daughters of the Atnerican Revolution. — This Society was or- ganized in Buffalo in 1892 and has now 250 members. The objects of the Society are to further the educa- tional interests of the American people, and to erect monuments to officers who fought in the Revolution. Any woman mav be eligible for membership who is descended from an ancestor who rendered material aid to the cause of independence. Meetings are held on all national holidays. Deaconess Home, Buffalo. — Established by the Genesee Confer- ence of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Organized in 1890 and lo- cated at 2978 Main Street. The duties of the Deaconesses are to minister to the poor, visit the sick, pray with the dying, care for the orphan, seek the wandering, comfort the sorrowing, save the sinning, and relinquishing wholly all other pursuits, devote them- selves, in a general way, to such forms of Christian labor as may be suited to their abilities. These Deaconesses wear the uniform generally adopted by Deaconess Homes, but no vow is exacted, and any of their number are at liberty to relinquish their trust at any time. The Board of Management allows each Deaconess eight dollars per month for dress and other ex- penses, after such time as the Commit- tee on "Probationers and Training School" shall decide to receive the candidate into full connection with the Home. There are at present twelve persons in the Home. In connection with the institution there is a training school where young women members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 45 DAU— DEB good standing, desiring to learn the work, are admitted. Deaf and Dumb Institute. — This institution for the education of unfortunate children, at 125 Edward Street, was incorporated in 1853 as the " Le Couteulx St. Mary's Benevolent Society for the Deaf and Dumb," and its object was for benevolent and char- itable purposes, under the charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph. From year to year additions have been made and in 1880 the last one was completed and the building now has a frontage of 170 feet, contains four stories and basement, and has every convenience and improvement. In 1871 the insti- tution was privileged to take children as county beneficiaries, and in 1872 the Legislature of the State of New York extended the benefits of the law for this class of children, as State pupils to the institution, and today such pupils are received to the number of about 140, besides the orphan chil- dren that are educated free, of which number there are 30 to 40 always kept. This was one of the first institutions to introduce Articulation or " Improved instruction." Here girls are taught cooking, dressmaking, needlework and household duties and the boys learn any trade they wish. All the shoes and clothing needed by the pupils, are made in the Institution. The pupils publish a weekly paper. Debt. — The total assessed valuation of real property for the year 1895 was in round numbers $220,000,000.00, while the bonded indebtedness, less the amount in sinking funds, was 1 1 1,700,000.00. Buffalo bonds com- mand higher prices in the market, and are more sought, than those of any other American city. There has never been default in payment of interest or principal of any Buffalo security. The bonded indebtedness December 31, 1895, was as follows : DEL— D IS 46 Water bonds 13,625,882.00 Park bonds 1,745,000.00 City and County Hall bonds. . . . 725,000.00 Buffalo and Jamestown Railroad bonds. ..-■.. 752,000.00 Buffalo, New York and Philadel- phia Railroad bonds 600,000.00 Trunk sewer bonds 575,000.00 Bird Avenue sewer bonds 238,000.00 Hertel Avenue sewer bonds. . . . 200,000.00 Bailey Avenue sewer bonds. . . . 200,000.00 Babcock and Seneca Street sewer bonds 60,000.00 School bonds 967,500.00 Deficiency bonds. . 125,000.00 Elk Street Market bonds 80,000.00 Plank Road award bonds 115,000.00 Municipal building bonds 50,000.00 Chicago fire relief bonds 50,000.00 Swing bridge bonds 45,500.00 Volunteer soldiers' relief bonds. . 25,000.00 Temporary loan bonds 59,235.39 Tax loan bonds 1,195,241.27 Monthly local work bonds 102,845.83 Buffalo charter bonds 856,985.91 Grade crossing bonds 83,000.00 Total outstanding bonds De- cember 31, 1895 112,476,190.40 In the foregoing statement the fol- lowing bonds, to be paid by local as- sessment, are included : Bailey Avenue sewer bonds . . . . $200,000.00 Hertel Avenue sewer bonds. , . . 144,000.00 Monthly local work bonds 102,845.83 1446,845.83 The Comptroller holds in trust sink- ing funds to redeem bonds to the amount of 1503,340.78. The city owns real estate the esti- mated value of which is $9,815,114.00, and personal property the estimated value of which is 17,050,011.43. Delaware Avenue. — This avenue was once the pride of Buffalo, but during late years so many fine resi- dence streets have been built up that Delaware Avenue no longer reigns supreme, still, this beautiful, broad, smooth avenue cannot be excelled. It runs parallel with Main Street. It extends from the Terrace on the south to the city line on the north, a distance of nearly four miles, bisecting the Park and Forest Lawn Cemetery. At the corner of this avenue at the north side of the Square may be seen the stately old mansion of the late Millard Fill- more, ex-President of the United States. On Delaware Avenue are two of the most important club houses in the city, that of the Buffalo Club and the Saturn, also a number of fine churches and fiamous old residences. The entire avenue is asphalted and has fine shade trees along its length, so that in its summer verdure it is magnificent. Dental Association. — Buffalo has the oldest Dental Association in New York State. It was organized May 27, 1864. The aim of the Association is to advance the social as well as the professional interests of its members. Meetings are held the second Monday in each month, with the exception of July and August. Depew. — A town of 2500 inhabitants ten miles east of Buffalo, having several large manufactories : Gould Coupler Works, with two plants, forge and malleable, employing 500 men ; N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Locomative Repair Works, with between six and seven hundred employes ; Union Car Company, 600 men ; National Car Wheel Company, 150 men ; Buffalo Brass Company, etc. Depew is reached by the N. Y. C, D. L. & W., Lehigh Valley and Erie Railways or by the Buffalo Bellvue and Lan- caster trolleys which connect with the Broadway cars at the city line. Depots. — (See Railways.) Deutscher Orden Harugati. — There are twelve subordinate lodges in this city, three Degree lodges, three Mannies and two Hertha Degree Lodges comprising two districts. For list and meeting places see the City Directory. Dispensaries and Infirmaries. The following is a list of the dispen- saries, infirmaries or hospitals in the 47 DIS city, with the date of organization and Buffalo Women's Hospital Dis- address. The medical visitors to these pensary, 191 Georgia Street. Free institutions compose the very best to the poor. talent in the city, many noted special- -rw- . „^ r\j.±. r^-j.- ists giving up a portion of their time ^^^^^^^""^^ !^'' ^^^V" .^!u^^^'~ to these charities The distances from Buffalo to the pnn- cipal cities and towns of the United Eve, Ear and Throat Infirm- States and Canada are as follows : ARV, at 673 Michigan Street, is a Albany N. Y 297 Miles charitable institution maintained by Atlanta' Ga i 010 " the city. All persons having diseases Auburn N. Y. 'i4S " of the eyes, ears or throat, too poor to BataviaN Y." " * " ^6 " pay for medical care, are treated in this gath NY no " infirmary, free of charge. This is the Bradford Pa 78 " principal hospital of the kind, in the Baltimore Md 400 " city, and is in the charge of able doc- Binghamton N. Y. ! ' '. '. 20^ " tors and trained nurses. Open daily Boston Mass 4qq " for patients at 2 P. M. Brocton, N. Y. ." .' ." . . '. 49 " Charity Eye, Ear and Throat Canandaigua, N. Y. . . 98 " Hospital.— This institution was in- Chautauqua Lake- See May- corporated in 1891, and is a hospital ^- ' t,i ^ «« for the treatment of poor people afflict- ^, ^^f°'i Va ^l << ed with maladies or deformities of the Cleveland, O. 183 ^^ eye, ear or throat, and is located at 166 Cincinnati, 427 ^^ Broadway, and is open for patients at Columbus, O. ...... 321 2 P.M., except Sundays. Corning^ N. Y 132 ^ ^ Corry, Pa 95 Buffalo City Dispensary, organ- Dansville, N. Y 77 " izd in 1847. Incorporated in 1859, Denver, Col. . , . . . . .1,584 " for the purpose of relieving such poor, Depew, N. Y 10 " sick and indigent persons as are unable Detroit Mich 231 " to secure medicinal aid. Duluth' Minn. . . . . . .1,379 " United States Marine Hospital Dunkirk, N. Y. . . . . . 40 |* Dispensary, 25 Postoffice Building, East Aurora. N. Y 17 ^ Seneca and Washington Streets. Open Elmira, N. Y 146 ^^ from 9 A. M., to 4 p. M. Eria, Pa . ^ 88 ^ ^ Fredonia. NY 44 University of Buffalo Dispen- Geneva. N. Y 121 " sary, 24 High Street. ^ Grand Rapids^ iviicli. . . . 378 " Niagara University Medical and Hamilton, Ont ^^ ]] Surgical Dispensary. 203 Ellicott Harrisburg, Pa 318 ** Street. Incorporated October 24, Hornellsville, N. Y . . . . 91 |] 1884. Open daily (except Sundays Indianapolis, Ind 466 and Holidays) at 4 p. m. Free to the Ithaca, N. Y 120 || worthy poor of the city. Jackson, Mich 326 Opthalmic Hospital. 188 Frank- Jamestown, N. Y 68 - lin Street. I^^T^ ^ -'' M^.i. 1L " Kalamazoo. Mich 394 Dental Infirmary, University Kansas City, Mo 1,003 " of Buffalo, High Street, near Main. Kingston, Ont 34° " DIS— DOC Lancaster, N. Y lo Lockport, N. Y 26 London, Ont 144 Lewiston, N. Y 32 Lyons, N. Y 104 Mayville, N. Y. . . . . . 65 Milwaukee, Wis 601 Minneapolis, Minn 925 Mt. Clemens, Mich. . . . 242 Mt. Morris, N. Y 63 Newark, N. Y 99 Montreal, Can 440 New Orleans, La 988 New York, N. Y 440 Niagara Falls, N. Y. . . , 22 North East, Pa 73 Oil City. Pa 137 Olean, N. Y 70 Ogdensburg-, N. Y 296 Omaha, Neb 1,005 Oswego, N. Y 165 Ottawa, Can 390 Owego, N. Y 183 Palmyra, N. Y 90 Paterson, N. J 394 Philadelphia, Pa 308 Pittsburg, Pa 270 Peekskill, N . Y 398 Poughkeepsie, N. Y. . . . 367 Port Huron, Mich 206 Port Jervis, N. J 335 Reading, Pa. 371 Rochester. N. Y 69 Rome, N. Y 189 Saginaw, Mich , 291 Sayre, Pa 177 Salamanca, N. Y 63 Sandusky, Ohio 248 Saratoga Springs, N. Y. . 302 San Francisco, Cal. . . . 2,940 Schenectady, N. Y. ... 281 Scranton, Pa 265 Seneca Falls. N. Y. ... 131 Silver Creek, N. Y. ... 31 St. Catharines, Ont. ... 36 St. Louis, Mo 727 St. Paul, Minn 918 St. Thomas, Ont 123 Stratford, Ont 120 Springville, N. Y 32 48 Miles Suspension Bridge, N. Y. . 24 Miles " Syracuse, N. Y 149 " Toledo, Ohio 291 " Tonawanda, N. Y 11 " " Toronto, Ont 107 ** Troy, N. Y 300 " Trenton, N. J 400 " Utica, N. Y 202 " Washington, D. C 440 " Watertown, N. Y 226 " Waverly, N. Y 176 " Westfield, N. Y 57 " Wheeling, W. Va 335 " Wilkes Barre, Pa 257 " " Williamsport, Pa 245 " " Windsor, Ont 250 *' (( a District Attorney. — Room 16, << City and County Hall. He is an ,( officer elected by the people for a term j< of three years, and is the public pros- ,< ecutor in criminal trials. His salary ,i is I3, 000 per year. «• District Telegraph, American. " — (See Messenger Service.) " Docks. — The principal passenger " docks of the city are located at the " foot of Main Street, although the " Ferry Street docks accommodate a " portion of the excursion business. " The passenger facilities are now inad- " equate to meet the demand, and new " dockage is projected. The freight " dockage is something immense, being " equaled by few cities in the world.- " The most extensive of these docks is " owned by the Lehigh Valley Railroad, " and is situated on what is known as " the Tifft Farm, a tract of 425 acres on " the lake front. Here over four mil- " lion dollars have been expended in " improvements. An enormous amount " of freight is handled on the Lacka- " wanna and city docks at the foot of " Main Street. The Lackawanna priv- " ilege extends from Commercial Street " slip to Washington Street. The " Northern Transportation Company " occupy these wharves when in port. " The Union Steamboat Company's- 49 DOG— DRI docks are at the foot of Mississippi Street. Improvements and extensions of the city's dockage are continually being made. Dogs. — All dogs must be licensed, and wear a numbered metal tag at- tached to a collar. A dog thus licensed is allowed to run at large without a muzzle. All dogs not having tags are sieized by the officers and taken to the dog-pound and shelter which is located at 64 Terrace, where, if not claimed within 48 hours they are killed. The dog-pound is a large room having seven pens for dogs, five of them 10. \ 12 ; under these pens is a cement tloor, slanting so that it can be easily cleaned. The opposite side of the room is clear for the wagons and the box for killing dogs which are not redeemed. It takes only from one- half to two minutes to kill them. The box is filled with gas and the dogs are then dropped into it through a door at the top. Usually from twenty to forty dogs are killed at a time. Dogs may be redeemed on payment of $1.50, which includes a tag. The dog-pound and shelter is open to the public from 8.30 A. M to 5.30 p. M. , and visitors ire alwaj^s welcome. Dramatic Societies and Cir- cles. — Acadian Dramatic Club, meets every Thursday evening at their liall, corner Elk and Euclid Place. Ceciltan Dramatic Circle of , Buffalo, meets every Wednesday evening at St. Stephen's Hall, corner Franklin and Swan Streets. |i St. Louis Dramatic Circle, meets ' every first Monday of the month at 35 Edward Street. St. Michael's Dramatic Circle, meets second Wednesday, monthly, at 1,517 Oak .Street. St. Patrick's Dramatic Club, meets every Friday evening corner Emslie and South Division Streets. Drinking Fountains.— There are some ten or fifteen drinking fountains in the city, which are of simple design, in bronze, with drinking cups attached. There is one located on Niagara Square, one in front of the Soldiers' and Sailors' monument, one on Washington and Chippewa, near the market, one on Broadway, and the others scattered about the city where they may be of most service. Drives. — There are so many beauti- ful drives in and about Buffalo that it is not difficult to determine where one shall drive to enjoy an afternoon. If a stranger in the city, and desiring to see as much as possible, hire a carriage down town and drive first around the City Hall, then out Delaware Avenue, a beautiful resident portion of the city, to North Street and the Circle, thence down Porter Avenue to the "Front", a beautiful park, and a little beyond this is Fort Porter, a United States Military Post. Upon leaving the " Front " any of the asphalted streets may be taken to reach Richmond Avenue, which leads out to the several parkways and Park Lake. This is the center of the very attractive park sys- tem which encircles Buffalo. A drive along the northern shore of this pretty lake, thence northeast, will bring you to Main Street. About a mile and a half along this street will bring you to the Poor House and Erie County In- sane Asylum. Returning, Forest Lawn Cemetery may be taken in, and a visit to this supurb home of the dead will adiquately reward the visitor. Forest Lawn by the south gate, you pass the Buffalo Crematory, then continuing east to Humboldt parkway you may reach "The Parade, " thence on along Filmore Avenue to Broadway, and so back to Main Street. Another de- lightful drive is that out the new boulevard to Niagara Falls, The river road to Towanda has its at- DRI— EAS 50 tractions. No city in the world has finer horses than Buffalo, and the throng of fashionable turnouts in the Park during the afternoon between the huurs of 4 and 7 make a picturesque scene. There are of course hundreds of other streets available for a short drive in any direction, the only thing to be avoided is the business center of the city. Driving Park. — The Buffalo Driv- ing Park covers about 80 acres of land and is situated on East Ferry Street near Jefferson. This organization has been giving annual races for over thirty years, and a number of world's records have been made here. All of the important trotters have been ex- hibited on this course. The park stables accommodate some 600 horses. Dry Goods. — There is a tendency in Buffalo to keep all the high-grade business houses upon Main Street, especially is this true of the dry goods houses. Flint & Kent we would recom- mend as a first-class house, doing an exclusive dry goods trade in retail only. They command the older and more conservative trade of Buffalo and do not cater so much as other houses to transient. For rich silks, rare novelties and fine laces this house is noted. Adam, Meldrum & Anderson Co., occupying the American Block, 396 to 402 Main Street, are the oldest and largest wholesale and retail dry goods house in the city. In addition to ready made garments and dry goods, this house carries a large line of fine shoes, millinery, stationery, carpets, furni- ture, dishes, lamps, etc., and is in every respect first-class.'and altogether a popular house Vvdth local buyers. A fine soda fountain from which ice cream is served is a popular feature of this store. J. N. Adam & Co., at 383-393 Main Street, just across the street from Adam, Meldrum and Anderson's, is another house of the same character, doing retail and wholesale business, and of good standing in the commun- ity. Both of these houses have ex- tensive basements. The Wm, Hengerer Company at 256-268 Main St., is another immense house, doing retail and wholesale busi- ness in dry goods. They have also departments of furniture, shoes, millin- ary, dishes, drapery and ready made clothing, all such departments being found in all of the larger dry goods establishments. These stores com- prise the principal shopping places, although there are numerous other places of no little magnitude and popular for certain articles. Friday is usually considered "bargain day," when upon the various counters are displayed rare opportunities to save money. Dunkirk. — A city of about ten thousand inhabitants — 40 miles from Buffalo, the first port of entry west from this city. It has five railroads. In direct communication with the oil, coal and iron regions of Pennsylvania. A manufacturing town in agricultural and dairying district. The Brooks Locomotive Works are located here. Has excellent hotel accommodation. Dun Building.— A fine building of yellow brick, ten stories high, hav- ing a hundred offices. It was erected in 1893 and occupies the desirable site at the southwest corner of Pearl and West Swan Street. :^ast Aurora. — A trade center and manufacturing town of 1,600 inhabi- tants, on the Western New York and Pennsylvania railroad 18 miles from Buffalo. Two postoffices are located in the village, that of Willink and East m 2 n > CO r o o SECOND TO NONE. Jfdaiti, meldrum & Jindmon Co. THE ENTIRE AMERICAN BLOCK. MAIN FLOOR — Dry Goods^ Books, Confectionery, Butterick Patterns, Silver Ware, Carpets, Rugfs, Draperies, Upholstery, Art Furniture* FIRST FLOOR UP — Cloaks, Suits, Skirts, Furs, Millinery* SECOND FLOOR UP — Shoes, Muslin Underwear, Corsets, "Waists, Infants' Outfits, Fitting: Rooms. THIRD FLOOR UP— Retail Offices, Crockery, Glass Ware, Lamps, Bicycles, Baby Carriages, Baskets. FOURTH FLOOR UP — Cafe, Ladies' Parlors and Toilet Rooms. BASEMENT — Soda Fountain, Lawn Mowers, Refrigerators, Ice Cream Freezers, Hammocks, Croquet Sets, Trunks, Valises, Leather Goods. ADAM, MELDRUM & ANDERSON CO. BUFFALO'S GREATEST DRY GOODS STORE. Publishers of "FASHIONS" Cbe Jlmerican Block, ?> ?* ?^ Buffalo, fi. V* Aurora. Largest stock farms of the wo/ld are located here, those of C. J. HamHn and H. C. Jevvett & Co. Many city business men reside here. !East Buffalo. — The eastern sec- tion of the city, embracing the cattle yards, slaughter houses, yards of vari- ous railroads and many industries of kindred nature. A branch of the city postoftice. Station A, is located at 785 William Street. l^ast BufFalo lyive Stock l^x- change is situated on William Street, corner Depot, directly opposite stock yards. The building was erected in 1890, by the live stock commission men of the city. The building is three stories and built of brick. Kast Side. — By East Side we mean all land east of Main Street. The eastern portion of Buffalo is given over largely to extensive manufacturies and industries. Swan, Eagle, North and South Division Streets were once the principal residence streets of the city but year after year they derogated and people removed to Delaware Ave- nue and other fashionable localities on the West Side, so that today the East Side has few fine residences, the above mentioned streets being more for business purposes and boarding houses. Hchota. — This is an industrial town located on eighty-four acres of land near the center of the lands of the Niagara Falls Power Company, and there is now upon the land selected a complete village. The word Echota signifies, in the Indian language, "Place of Refuge." The company has built a handsome station on the New York Central & Hudson River Railway ; Sugar and Buffalo Streets, two principal streets of the City of Niagara Falls, run through the village, and both streets contain tracks of the electric street railway. At the foot of 51 EAS ELK Sugar Street is the wharf from which run daily a line of steamers to and from Buffalo. Many pretty houses have been erected upon a modern and uniform system of arciiitecture ; its sanitation is excellent and its streets and lawns are assuming beautiful pro- portions. i^dg-ewater. — A resort situated on the east side of Grand Island, a few miles below Eldorado, From the grove at Edgewater a ferry connects with Tonawanda. The usual summer resort amusements are to be found here. ^Education. — (See Public Instruc- tion, Department of. ) !^ldorado is situated on the east side uf Grand Island, about ten miles down the river, and is a much fre- quented resort. There is a fine grove containing bowling alleys, dance hall, merry-go-rounds, shooting gallery and a large room where refreshments are sold. ;^lections— The term of all offi- cers elected by the city under the re- vised city charter commence on the first Monday of January after their election. The annual city and ward elections are held on the same day as the state general eiections. Nearly all of the important officials are elected. ]^lectric lyight.^-Lighting by means of electricity has become very general. Its wonderful illuminating power cannot be compared with any thing yet discovered, and when a great light is required, or where a large space is to be illuminated it cannot be too highly commended. The Buffalo General Electric Co., have an office at 40 Court Street. There are four pow- er stations : Prenatt Street, near Elk Street; Pearl, corner Express Street; Tonawanda Street, near Niagara, and Wilkinson, corner Seventh Street. ELE 52 The number of lights used are 3,000 arc, 25,000 incandescent, and 500 H. P. (inotors). The number of em- ployees are 136. l^lectrical Society. — This is a branch of the Buffalo Society of Natur- al Sciences and was organized on September 25, 1883. Meetings are held the first and third Thursday evenings of each month, in the Buffalo Library Building. l^lectric Power. — Electric power is a subject which, outside of any other theme, is attracting the attention of thinking men and and investors to this city as promising better returns for their money than any other field on earth. The franchise and contract permitting and securing Niagara pow- er was framed with great care, and the safety and welfare of all citizens look- ed after. This power, cheaper than any other, will enable Buffalo manu- facturers to earn larger profits in the markets of the world in competion with the products of outsiders than any other class of manufacturers on earth. Already this great power has been converted to the uses of man- kind. A franchise for this city was accepted by the Niagara Falls Power Company on the 14th day of January, 1896, by formal documents filed with the City Clerk. Niagara power is un- der contract to be delivered within these city limits inside of a year, and the purposes of the company will be defeated and there will be no cus- tomers for its product unless it under- sells the lowest price of coal, even in this cheap-coal city, for then it would have no users for its power. With a fuel which must be supplied at much less than the cost of coal and the use of which will necessarily dispense with the labor now necessary in hand- ling, at individual furnaces, the pro- duct of the mines, the output of Buffalo manufacturers should, in equal ratio with the decrease in the cost of its pro- duction, undersell, in the markets of the world, the goods made in any other city. For years the eyes of the commercial world have been turned toward Buffalo and its neighboring world-wonder, the Falls of Niagara, for it was felt that, with the utilization of the tremendous force of the famous cataract, or the harnessing, at any point along its banks, of the mighty river which creates it, there would be recorded on the pages of history one of the giant achievements of this or any age which has preceded it. That great task is an accomplished fact, and the Falls, unblemished in their beauty, still present their vision of majesty, being at the same time literally con- verted to the uses of mankind, particu- larly that favored section of the race which lives and does business in Buf- falo and the growing city of Niagara Falls, its future suburb. ;^levators. — There are 36 grain elevators in the city of Buffalo, and another mammoth one completed last year. They have a total storage capac- ity of 16,575,000 bushels, exclusive of seven transfer towers and nine floating elevators, making 53 elevating build- ings in all, easily valued at $11,000,- 000.00. An idea of the present enor- mous transfer capacity may be gained from the fact that they are able to han- dle 4,500,000 bushels evey 24 hours. The amount of grain handled in 1895 was 122,827,997, an increase of 1S95 over 1894 of about 25,000,000. The total reports in Buffalo for the last quarter of a century is over 2,000,000,- 000 bushels. .Elevator Storage Capacity.— The following statement shows the names and storage capacity of the several elevators, transfer towers and floaters of this port : Name. Capacity, bu. Bennett 800,000 Brown 250,000 The Cleveland and Buffalo Transit Company 'Wteiwfti^*.^ ;'a,,:'t C. AND B. LINE NEW STEAMER CITY OF BUFFALO. Owning and Operating^ Magnificent and Fast Side Wheel Steamers CITY OF BUFFALO, (new) ■S STATE OF OHIO, S- STATE OF NEW YORK DAILY LINE BETWEEN BUFFALO, CLEVELAND AND TOLEDO BUFFALO DIVISION TIME CARD-DAILY. Leave Buffalo, ... 8 30 p. M. I Leave Cleveland, . . 8.30 p. M. Arrive Cleveland, . . 7.3o A. M. | Arrive Buffalo, . . . 8.30 A. M. EASTERN STANDARD TIME. TICKETS SOLD AND BAGGAGE CHECKED TO ALL POINTS EAST, WEST AND SOUTHWEST. H. S. FISHER, General Agent, Buffalo, N. Y. T. F. NEWMAN, General Manager, W. F. HERMAN, General Passenger Agent, — — --— ^ — Cleveland, Ohio D w W Pi < a tn H O y w 53 ELK— ELL ^'^;","^^ r Capacity, bu. butchers, doing both retail and who'e- a^.^?^"^!^:::::.'.:: ::::::.: ZZl ^^^^ business. This market is the City B Sooiooo largest in the city and about it are C- }■ Wells 550,000 situated all, or nearly all, of the whole- ComSj,^'iVrminaV. ".■.'. ::*.*.';;: So.ooo sale commission men. In the early Dakota 850,000 morning this market is crowded by Eastern 1,500,000 the retail grocerymen, and buyers for irle c3 ft L^'RockY.:: ;.•.-.•.•.: 70,000 hotels and large boarding houses. Evans 400,000 Outside the market proper is a con- Exchange 500,000 tinuous line of booths, where fruit, Flax'seed.'.".*.*.'.'.'.'.'.'.':: ; '. ::'.V: ^isSoC g^-een groceries, butter, eggs and flow- International (Black Rock) 650,000 ers are disposed of by both men and Keliogs: . . . 600,000 women vendors. Where the whole- Madne"."!'!^ ..'.'.'.!*.'.*.'..!!!!!! ! 650,000 ^^^^ ^^^ Commission merchants in National" and Globe Mills.'. ..... ..'. ioo,'ooo foreign fruits display their tempting N. Y., L. E. & Western 720,000 cargoes, the crowd is always noisy Niafara ^'.'.'.V.' ^ :. '.'.'. '.'.'. '.'.'.'. '.". i,2oo;ooo ^"^ busy and in hot weather 'the air is Niagara C '200,000 redolent of berries, peaches, oranges, Ontario . . . . . . 450,000 apples and other fruit which is pleas- &"chmo^d\'.^-.^-.!"'.^.-;V.V.-.-V.- ^2^o;ooo ant. Saturday is the great market day Schreck (unused) and the scene at night is most interest- Sternburg (unused) ing as the numeous vendors grow sl;Sre'( unused ).■.".* .'.'.'. ■■.:.■;.■.■ f."?.'??? voluble in their rivilary. A regular Union 130,000 System of inspection of meats and ^^'fson 600,000 vegetables is maintained, and all Wiikesori '!".*. .' .' . .' '. '. ....... ..'.'. 4oo!ooo ^auds and abuse corrected if reported William Wells (unused) ' . . to the clerk of the market. Total, 37 Elevators 16,575,000 :^iHcott Square Buildittg.-Elli- TRANSFER TOWERS. ^^^^ 5^^^^.^ j^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^f ^ ^^^^^^..^y Chicago : :!:;::::::: : .:.': : '.::: ."J^.'T structure, which is claimed to be the Merchants largest office building in the world. Northwest (unused) It fronts on four streets, one of them Raymond !^^."!'.^: '.'.'.'.'.'.W.W'. '. '. '. .' ! ! ! ! Main Street, the principal thorough- — !_1_"_ fare of Buffalo. The building is of Total, 6 Transfers 40,000 light gray brick and terra cotta. The FLOATERS. Weight of the steel frame is 5,550 tons. ^yclone The corridors are laid with marble Free Canal. !.*..' ... . ....... .V. .. . . . iTiosaic, decorated with Italian marble, Free Trade and the woodwork is quartered red h-a Y. Munn q^]^ Xhe entire floor space is 447,000 Ryan'!^^ .*.'..'.*..'.'.*. '...'....*!..*.'.".' ..... square feet. This magnificent edifice Dispatch Contains 40 stores on the ground floor, _ , , J, „, , 16 banking offices or counting rooms on the second floor and 600 other !Elk Street Market.— A large offices. There are 15 elevators beside wholesale market covering two squares a freight elevator and four sidewalk at Scott, E. Market, Elk and W. lifts. About 7,000 electric lights are Market Streets. The market building needed to light the building and the contains 50 stalls, chiefly occupied by heating apparatus requires 1534 steam ELL— EPI 54 radiators. TheVVestern Union Tele- graph Company have leased commod- ious quarters on the tenth floor, where they have the largest telegraphic re peating station in the world. The building wa,s begun on May 1,1895, and was complete May i, 1896. When the building is filled to its full capacity of tenants, clerks, office help, etc., it will contain a business community of 4,000 to 5.000 people, and it is estimated that nearly 50,000 people pass in and out its doors daily. The cost of Ellicott Square, including the site, is said to be $3,350,000.00. ]^llicott Sqare Club.— This Club which was organized in 1895, is a large and important organization. It has 600 members with handsome Club apartments on the tenth floor of the Ellicott Square, with caf6, restaurant, club room. The entrance fee is |6o 00; annual dues I40.00. The Club is open daily from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m. ^Elmwood Avenue. — A compara- tively new Street, running North from 392 Virgina Street to Amherst Street. On the corner of Elmwood Avenue and Bouck Avenue is the new Lay- fayette Church (Presbyterian), a handsome structure of sandstone. There is also on Elmwood Avenue one of the finest schools in the city, erected in 1895. It has every modern improve- ment, including a well equipped gym- nasium and bowling alley. The Elm- wood Avenue cars connect with those on Forest Avenue, thus making this route to Park Lake very acceptable, as it is generally less crowded than the Cold Spring line. Many handsome residences have been erected on this Avenue during the last few years, herefore it is now considered a select resident district. iEmpire Knights of Relief. — The following Councils meet as fol- lows : Queen City No. i — 373 Vermont Street, first and third Thursday even- ings. Buffalo Council No. 3 — 241 Gen- esee Street, first and third Wednesday evenings. Riverside Council No. 8 — Every Thursday evening corner Chenango and Rhode Island Streets. Highland Park No. 64 — Every Monday evening at Odd Fellows' Hall, Main Street, corner Le Roy Av- enue. Home Council No. 80 — Fornes Building, 19 Court Street, second and fourth Mondays. Hydraulic Council No. 98— Seneca corner Swan Streets, first and third Thursdays. :Engineering, Bureau of.— This Bureau has charge of the construction and maintenance of sewers ; the locat- ing, laying out, opening, grading, pav- ing and repairing of all streets, ave- nues, alleys and places ; constructing and repairing of all side and cross- walks ; filling wells ; setting lamp- posts ; building docks and bulkheads and repairing same ; building and re- pairing bridges, culverts and sluices ; making and preserving all maps,plans, surveys, estimates and drawings relat- ing to the laying out, grading and paving of streets, and any other public improvements to be done by or under the supervision of the Department of Public Works. episcopal Churches.— The dif- ferent Episcopal Churches in the city are located as follows : Church of Ascension, — North Street, corner Linwood Avenue. Grace, — Corner Niagara and Pen- field Streets. Hutchinson Memorial Chapel — Rhode Island and Seventh Streets, 55 ERI St. Andrew's,— Goodell, between Elm and Michigan Streets. St. Barnabas, — Riley, corner Roehrer Street. St. Bartholomev's Chapel, — Howard, near Casey Street. Church of the Good Sheperd, (Ingersoll Memorial) — Jewett Avenue near Main Street. St. Ja:mes', — Corner Spring and Swan Streets. St. John's, — Corner Bidwell Park- way and Bouck Avenue. St Luke's, — Richmond Avenue, corner Summer Street. St. Mark's, — Dearborn Street, near Amherst. St.Marv's-on-the-Hill, — Niagara Street, corner Vermont. St. Matthew's (Mission), — 103 Babcock Street. St. Paul's, — On triangle bounded by Erie, Church and Pearl Streets. St. Peter's (Mission), — Lovejoy, near Garfield Street. St. Phh^ip's, — Elm, between North and South Division Streets. St. Thomas', — 401 Elk Street. Trlxitv Church and Chapel, — Delaware Avenue, nearTupper Street. ' Ktie Basin.— A bay formed by a part of the breakwater, which forms a shelter. Boats generally anchor here when in need of repairs. The Erie Basin extends from the foot of Georgia Street to Erie Street. lErie Canal. — Largest canal in the United States, and commercially one of the most important. It extends from Buffalo to Albany, N. y., a distance of 363 miles. Constructed under the provision of a bill adopted in State legislature 1817, and completed 1S22 at a cost of I7, 602,000. Origin- ally it was 40 feet wide at the surface and 4 feet deep, but subsequent im- provements gave it a surface width of 70 feet, bottom width 42 feet, and depth 7 feet, When the $9,000,000 recently sanctioned by the people is judiciously expended, its capacity will be ten- fold the original, and the Erie Canal will be the greatest water way of commerce ever built by man. The flow of water is mostly from west to east, its west end at Buffalo being 567 feet above its east end at Albany. Through its course it has 57 double and 15 single locks. !^rie County. — The county of Erie was organized and given its present name and boundaries in 1821. Erie County is bounded on tlie north by the center of Tonawanda creek and by the center of the east branch of Niagara River ( between Grand Island and Niagara county ) from the mouth of the Tonawanda to the junction with the west branch ; on the west by the line between the United States and Canada, from the junction up along the center of the west branch and of the whole river to Lake Erie, and thence southwesterly along the middle of the lake to a point where the international boundary makes a right angle with a line to the mouth of Cattaraugus creek ; on the south by a line from such point on intersection to the mouth of the Cattaraugus, and thence up along the center of that creek to the crossing of the line between the fourth and fifth ranges of the Holland Company's survey ; and on the east by the line between those ranges, from Cattaraugus creek to Tonawanda creek, except that for six miles opposite the town of Marilla the county line is a mile and a quarter west of the range line.. :^rie County Bank Building.— This is one of the finest buildings in the city and occupies the site original- ly owned by the First Presbyterian ERI— EVA 56 Church, the square bounded by Main, Church, Pearl and Niagara Streets. The building is of red granite, nine stories high ; the interior being very handsomely finished. All the ground floors are of red Tennessee marble, with borders of black Glens Falls marble, while the floors on the stories above are of gray Knoxville marble. All the wall linings in main corridor and banking rooms are of St. Beaume marble, and those of the halls and corridors of Alps green marble. The counter fronts are of St. Beaume, Re- public pink Tennessee, and Lyonaise marbles with a frieze of Rose Jasper marble. The woodwork throughout is of mahogany. The building was erected in 1893 and has 140 offices. The entire first floor is monopolized by the Erie County Savings Bank and the Fidelity Trust and Guaranty Co. ]^rie County Homeopatliic Medical Society.— This Society was organized in 1S57 and has some fifty members. Meetings are held annually upon the second Wednesday of January and at such other times as the president may appoint. Brie County Medical Society. — This Society, which is a large and important one, was organized in 1821 and had for its first president Dr. Cyrenius Chapin, who had an offiice on Swan Street on the site now occu- pied by the Chapin Block. The Society is allopathic and its members doctors of good standing. Meetings are held in the Academy of Medicine the second Tuesdays in January and June ; other meetings are subject to the president's call. The membership is 350. ^Evangelical Association.— Have churches as follows : First Church of the Evangeli- cal Association, corner Spruce and Sycamore Streets. Second Evangelical Associa- tion, Krettner Street, near William. St. Paul's Evangelical Associa- tion, Grape Street, near Virginia. Evangelical Protestant Christ's, Kehr Street, near Genesee. Rhode Island Street Mission OF the Evangelical Association, Rhode Island Street, between Chen- ango and Eighteenth. German Evangelical Reformed Emanuel's Church, corner Hum- boldt Parkway and Utica Street. German Evangelical Reformed Salem's, 413 Sherman Street. German Evangelical Reformed Zion's, Lemon Street, near Cherry. Bethlehem Evangelical, Bowen Street, near Walden Avenue. German Evangelical Friedens, Eagle Street, foot Monroe. St. Jacobi German Evangelical Lutheran, Jefferson Street, near High. German Evangelical St. Lucas, Richmond Avenue, corner Utica Street. Gerjnian Evangelical St. Mat- thew, Swan Street, corner Hager- man. German Evangelical St. Peter's, Genesee Street, corner Hickory. German Evangelical Trinitv, Gold, between Lovejoy and Luding- ton Streets. German United Evangelical Bethania, Eaton Street, between Masten and Jefferson. German United Evangelical St. John's, Amherst Street, near East. German United Evangelical St. Marcus, 393 Oak Street. German United Evangelical St. Paul's, Ellicott Street, between Tup- per and Goodell. ERIE COUNTY BANK BUILDING HOTEL ONTARIO Formerly New Gruener Hotel. .^ W ^ '^ ^ Rebuilt Newly Furnished, Centrally Located, Electric Lights, All Modern Improvements, One block from Theatres. . AMERICAN PLAN. • RATES, $2.00- $2.50 PER DAY. A. BEQUE, Proprietor. Washin and Huron fn'Sts., Buffalo, N.Y. YOUR EYES ^ EXAMINED FREE OF CHARGE Oeulists' preseriptioQS carefully filled at lou/ prices. J. H. ULLENBRUCH . LEADING OPTICIAN . 286 MAIN STREET, (opp. Ellicott Square) J8®"My Jewelry Department is the most com- plete. Prices right. JOSEPH STROKA, STEAMSHIP TICKET OFFICE * Real Estate '1^ Round Trips to Europe. ^-i Letters of Credit, Drafts, Money Orders, Collections on all parts of the world. 443 Fillmore Ave., - BUFFALO, N. Y. TELEPHONE, HOWARD 156. 57 EXC— EXP German United Evangelical St. Stephen's, Peckhain Street, coiner Adams, D^xchanges. — See Business Men's Associations. l^xchang-e Street. — A long street running- east from Main to 1007 Seneca Street. The N. Y. C. & H. R. R. station is upon this street also the Erie station, and the whole street is monopolized by warehouses, ticket offices, small hotels, etc. ;^xcursions. — -The boats of up- wards of 20 lines of excursion steamers leave and arrive night and day through the summer season from May until the middle of October. They ply between the city and various ports on lake and river where summer resorts are estab- lished, on the American and Canadian shores, including the wonderful rides down the river, the choice of two lines being given, to where the white surges of the Rapids and the wrath-like spray of Niagara Falls rises to heaven like steam from the body of a giant in travail. Even to those who have already seen that world's wonder, Niagara Falls, before, the new trolley lines connecting with the Buffalo steamboats on the Ameri- can and Canadian sides, and running respectively to Lewiston and Queen- ston along the very brink of the beautiful Niagara Gorge, afiford an at- traction and will yield a delight equal- ling, if not exceeding, that experienced on the first view of the cataract Niagara Falls and Buffalo are practically one city, but 30 minutes in time from each other, and connecting by trains on several roads, running at intervals on an average of half an hour apart. Fare 50 cents, Excurs- ions on Wednesday and Sunday. Fare 50 cents for round trip. That novelty in steam railroading — regular passenger trains running with- out an engine and operated by trolley deriving power from the wonderful turbine wheels of Niagara Falls will be one of the interesting phases of a visit to Buffalo this year. The New York Central R. R. is already equipp- ing its line between here and the Falls for the use of electricity. The Falls may also be reached by a trolly line via Tonawada. Cars leave Niagara and Main Streets every 15 minutes dur- ing the day. Fare 35 cents. A good way to make this trip is to go one way by boat or steam cars, and tha other yb trolley. Regular excursions are run to Chautauqua Lake on Wednesday and Sunday of each week via Erie and N. Y. & P. railroads. Fare for round trip including the boat-ride the entire length of Lake Chautauqua, fi.oo. Special excursions are frequently run to Portage, Rochester, Charlotte. Toronto, Watkins Glen, Thousand Islands, Adirondack Mountains, and other points of interest. For various excursion lines and time tables, see under their own head, and the daily papers. i^xposition Buildings. — These buildings are located on the grounds of the Buffalo Driving Park Associa- tion, who now own them, on East Ferry Street, and are now only used occasionaly. The main building is about 400 feet long and three stories high. There are a number of minor buildings and sheds. They were erected to accommodate the Inter- national Fair which was first held in 1888 and again the following year. iExpress Companies.— The offices of the several express compan- ies in the city are as follows : Ameri- can, 251 Main Street; National, 354 Main Street ; United States, 13 East Swan Street ; Wells-Fargo, 20 West Eagle Street. Packages and par- cels can be forwarded from Buffalo to any part of the world through these EYE— FIR 58 companies. All the companies will call for and deliver all packages or parcels at any house in the city or suburbs where they have branch offices. All goods passing through their hands are registered and a re- ceipt given, thus the companies make themselves liable for all losses. 15 y e and Bar Dispensary. — (see Dispensaries and Infirmaries. ) Falconwood Club. — Organized in 1870 ; one of the oldest social clubs having a resort on Grand Island. The Falconwood club-house is on the southwest shore, and is very attrac- tive. During the season many large social events take place, as the com- pany has every facility for the enjoy- ment of its pleasure-seeking members. The Club has 84 members at present. Fencing". — The principal place for the instruction of fencing is the Buffalo Gymnasium, where a fencing master gives lessons to a class once a week. Ferries. — The main ferry is at the foot of West Ferry Street, where the ferry-boat '' Union" makes trips every half-hour to old Fort Erie. There is also a ferry at the foot of Main, run- ing to Fort Erie, but this is only used during the summer season. Passengers, five cents each way ; children under twelve years, three cents ; horse and rider, ten cents ; one-horse vehicle and driver, fifteen cents (each additional passenger, five cents) ; two- horse vehicle and driver, twenty-five cents. Trips are made every fifteen minutes. Hand bags or luggage must be opened for customs inspection. Ferry Street — A long street run- ning east and west. It begins at the canal and extends to Bailey Avenue. At the foot of West Ferry Street are the docks of various boats, the ferry, which runs to Fort Erie, a railway station where many of the trains stop, public and private boat-houses, etc. (See Excursions.) Fire, Department of. — The De- partment of Fire consists of three commissioners, secretary and surgeon, with a Chief of Department, salary ^3,060 ; assistant chief, salary $2,200 ; and four batallion chiefs at $1,600 each. The headquarter's staff'consists of a master mechanic, one chief and three other operators, one line re- pairer, three linemen, and one super- intendent of horses. The force con- sists of thirty-eight captains, forty lieutenants, thirty engineers, twenty- six assistant engineers, one hundred ninety-two firemen first grade, twenty firemen second grade, four fire-boat pilots and thirty-five substitutes. Fire Insurance.— Nearly all the insurance of the City of Buffalo is placed by the members of the Buffalo Association of Fire Underwriters. This Association was organized in 1879 ^^^^ incorporated in 1881. Tliere are 98 firms who are members, and they represent over 100 of the leading insurance companies doing business in this State. The object of the Asso- ciation is to establish and maintain rates. Each risk is rated separately, giving the well-built buildings the benefit of a better rate than the poorly constructed building of the same class. The board meets as a body on each Wednesday at their rooms in the Dun Building". There are three regular fire insurance companies whose home offices are located in this city. J, l/ocation of. — Court Street, Cor, Fire Engines, Headquarters- of Staat. Water Towner, No. i — Court Cor. Staat Streets. Engine No. i. — 41 South Division Street. Engine No. 2. — 306 Jersey Street. Engine No, 3. — 312 Spring Street. Engine No, 4. — 138 Spruce Street. Engine No. 5. — 197 Emslie Street. Engine No. 6. — 298 Smith Street, Engine No. 7. — 11 Franklin Street. Engine No. 8. — 138 Chicago Street. Engine No. 9. — 719 Washington St. Engine No. 10. — 38 Perry Street. Engine No. ir. — 1197 Niagara St. Engine No. 12. — 418 Chicago St. Engine No. 13. — 8 Staats Street. Engine No. 14. — 1030 William St. Engine No. 15. — 104 Amherst St. Engine No. 16. — 1418 Main Street. Engine No. 17. — 512 Rhode Island Street. Engine No. 18. — io3oFillmore Ave. Engine No. 19. — 209 Forest Ave. Engine No. 20. — (Fire boat " Geo. R. Porter, ") Black well Canal and Michigan Street. Engine No. 21. — 421 Best Street. Engine No. 22. — 1528 Broadway. Engine No. 23. — (Fire boat "John M. Hutchinson,") foot of Genesee Street. Engine No. 24. — 108 Leroy Ave. Engine No. 25. — 1719 Seneca St. Engine No. 27. — ^Johnson near Broadway. Hook and Ladder No. i. — 751 Washington Street. Hook and Ladder No. 2. — 43 S. Division Street. Hook and Ladder No. 3. — 308 Spring Street. Hook and Ladder No. 4. — 1195 Niagara Street. Hook and Ladder No. 5. — 700 E. Seneca .Street. Hook and Ladder No. 6. — 423 Best Street. Hook and Ladder No. 7. — 112 Leroy Avenue. Chemical No. i. — 9 Franklin St. Chemical No. 2. — 416 Chicago St Chemical No. 3. — 498 Pearl Street. Chemical No. 4. — 146 High Street. Chemical No. 5. — Cleveland Ave. Firemen's Benevolent Associa- tions. — There are several important and prosperous benevolent associa- tions connected with the Fire Depart- 59 FIR-FIS ment or of exempt firemen. Among the number are : The Buffalo Fire Department Beneficiary Association, which meets at H. and L. No. 2 House, South Division, near Washington. It was organized in October, 1887, and was then called the Hornung Council of the Order of American Firemen. In 1888 it withdrew from that order and formed the Hornung Beneficiary Association. On July i, 1893, it as- sumed its present title. It has 376 members, and in case of death of a member, the assessment as a bene- ficiary is 12.00 each. In case of sick- ness an allowance of $5.00 per week is allowed for 26 weeks. Exempt Firemen's Association. Headquarters, 510 Washington Street. Veteran Volunteer Firemen's Association. Organized February 3, 1893. Headquarters, 177 Pine Street. Fishing". — Niagara River is as good a place as can be found for fishing, it being the outlet of the northern chain of lakes. In leaving Buffalo for a day's angling, boats, fishing tackle and bait may be procured from any of the several boat-houses at the foot of Porter Avenue, Ferry and Amherst Streets or Hertel Avenue. Muska- lounge, pike, bass, pickerel, perch and many other kinds of fish may be caught in the river in season. The most popular fishing place is Lewis- ton; and Niagara-on-the-Lake is an excellent spot to fish for black bass, while many a good "catch " has been boasted from many points on the River above the Falls. Pishing Clubs. — Buffalo abounds in so-called fishing clubs. They are generally social organizations that spend one or more days during the summer for a trip "down the river." The outfit for a day's sport is usually FIS— FLO 60 a tug accompanied by a barge, and a quantity of bait, beer and bolognas. The best-known fishing clubs in the city are the Sprudels and Niagaras. Fishi Markets. — Buffalo is the largest fresh fish market in the world. The Buffalo Fish Company handles more fresh fish than any other con- cern in existence. The headquarters of the company are here, which is the most convenient point for distribution, and from here fish is. shipped to widely distant points. Fitch Institute — At the south- west corner of Michigan and Swan Streets, is a handsome brick building finished in 1893 and build with money given in 1880 by Benjamin Fitch, one of the chief philanthropists of Buffalo. It is owned and occcupied by the Charity Organization Society of Buffalo. In the Fitch Institute is also the Fitch Accident Hospital, which is a department of the Charity Organ- ization Society. It was established in 1886 for the temporary care of the in- jured, and during the year 1895 received nearly four thousand patients, about six hundred of whom were brought in its ambulance. The Fitch Institute also contains the Fitch Provident Dispensary, another branch of the Charity Organization Society, opened in 1883. The same building is also the headquarters of the Fresh Air Mission of Buffalo, the Buffalo Civil Service Reform Association, and the Trinity Co-operative Society, and is occupied occasionally by the Deaconesses and other societies. Pitch Creche. — Immediately to the west of the Fitch Institute is the Fitch Creche, or Day Nursery, which is also owned and operated by the Charity Organization Society. The Creche, like the parent society, has the distinction of being the first of its kind in America, and many will remember the model Creche operated at Chicago during the World's Fair by the Buffalo institution. Besides caring for hundreds of children whose mothers are thus enabled to go out to work, it maintains a training school for nurses and an employment bureau for mothers. Visitors are cordially welcomed at both the Fitch Institute and the Creche. Flats. — (see Apartment Houses.) Florists' Club. — The scope of the original organization was the promot- ing of the interests and elevation of commercial and professional florists. In an incorporation of the Club under State laws in 1891, its membership was opened to subscribing members also. The Club successfully enter- tained the Society of American Flor- ists in annual convention in August, 1889, and conducted the Chrysanthe- mum Shows and Floral Exhibitions in the years of 1890, 1891 and 1892 re- spectively. Regular meetings are held on the second Tuesday of each month. Flour Mills. — The following state- ment shows the names and capacity of the mills of Buffalo and vicinity, and the number of barrels of flour manufactured during the year 1895, from information derived from the owners of the several mills specified : Capaciti'^ Barrels Name of Mill. 24 hours. M'f'd. Banner 600 118,730 Buffalo City 600 91,000 Marine 200 15.916 National and Globe 1,000 140,250 Queen City 300 28,000 Urban Roller 1,000 262,561 Cataract, at Niagara Falls, N. Y 600 144,200 Central, Niagara Falls, N.Y. 2,000 238,650 Niagara Falls, at Niagara Falls, N. Y 2,000 233,966 Tonawanda Roller, at Ton- awanda, N. Y 200 3T1250 Total 8,500 1,304,523 Flowers. — Florists' establishments are mostly found on Main Street. The RED JACKET MONUMENT 6i FOR prices of flowers vary very much with the season, being usually cheapest in June and most expensive at the holi- days when the demand is greatest. There are a number of hot houses and greeneries within the city limits too, where flowers are sold. One at Main and Halcom Streets, where transfers are made from the Cold Spring cars to those running to the Park and Forest Lawn. Visitors to the cemetery can obtain flowers here conveniently and they will be fresh when placed upon the grave, not having been carried from the heart of the city. Chrysan- themum Shows and Floral Exhibitions take place from time to time and local exhibitors are warmly praised for their fine specimens. Flowers are not sold on the streets much in Buffalo except early in Spring, when Indians swarm into town with bunches of arbutus and sassafras to sell, or later in the season when boys stand about the street corners and sell water lilies . Foresters, Independent Order of. — The different Courts meet in Buffalo as follows : Court Niagara No. 227. — First and third Wednesday evening at Harugari Hall, 259 Genesee Street. Court of Buffalo No. 459. — Second Thursday evening over 24 W. Eagle Street. Court Lehigh No. 744.— Second and fourth Thursday evenings at O'Grady's Hall, corner Broadway and Baily Avenue. Court Sheridan No. 761. — At Union Hall, Jefferson Street corner Bristol. Court O.mega No. 828— Second and fourth Tuesdays at Yox Hall, cor, William and Shumway Streets, Court Black Rock No. 1124. — First and second Thursday at Philippbar's Hall, corner Niagara and Amherst Streets, Court Columbia No. 1156. — First and third Mondays at Foresters' Hall, corner Michigan and Northampton Streets. Court East Buffalo No. 1184. — First and third Mondays at Krause Hall, corner Genesee and Herman Streets. Court Lake Erie No. 1205. — Each Monday evening at Steingoetter's Hall, corner Michigan and William Streets. Court Vinita No. 1225. — Each Thursday at Ryan's Hall, Hamburg and Elk Streets. Court Red Jacket No. 1296. — Every Monday at Clinton Hall, cor. Seneca and Maurice Streets. Court West Side No. 1306. — Every Thursday evening at Delahunt's Hall, Fourteenth, corner Connecticut Street. Court Lackawanna No. 1335 — Second and last Saturdays at Klock's Hall, Gold, corner Lovejoy Street. Court Porter No, 1393. — Second and fourth Wednesdays at Foresters' Hall, West Forest Avenue. Court Fillmore No. 1712, — Every Wednesday evening at White Elephant, over 340 Main Street. Court Alabama No. 1768. — Second and Fourth Friday at Ryan's Hall, corner Hamburg and Elk Streets. Court Ina No. 1778. — Every Wed- nesday over 527 Main Street. Court Highland Park No. 1801 — First and third Friday, Le Roy Ave. and Main Street. Forest I^awn. — Access to this beautiful cemetery may be had either by the entrance at the corner of Dela- ware and Delavan Avenues, or on Main Street. It is owned by a stock company and is an incorporated trust. This is the chief city cemetery and covers 267 >^ acres of ground, beauti- fully laid out. The Scajaquada creek runs through the center of the ceme- FOR 62 tery, and the glint of its sparkling wa- ter lend added grace to the already pleasing prospect. There is no more beautiful spot in Buffalo than this sacred precinct of the dead. Just to the right of the Delaware entrance stands the Red Jacket monument erected by the Buffalo Historical Soci- ety to the honor and memory of the famous Indian chief and orator of the Seneca nation. It is a life-sized statue in bronze upon a granite base and cost |io,ooo. On the same section is the handsome Dimick monument and the Bliss obelisk, which is 151 feet from bottom of base to apex The Blocher monument, which is near the Delaware Avenue entrance, is of Ouincy granite, having a bell dome and four heavy plate glass windows ; in the chamber are three life-sized statues, that of a young man reading on a couch and his father and mother looking on, while a guardian angel is suspended at his head. The statues were sculptured in Italy and are of Italian marble. The marble sarcophogus in section 9 is II by 7 feet, and is a fine piece of work, as is also the Riley monument in section 7. In section X is an- other gothic monument of granite, having five statues, one on each corner and one inside the chamber. In sec- tion H is the McCuen monument, an extra fine piece of granite cut into a maltese cross. Another fine granite monument is the Bailey sphere, which is seven feet in diameter. The princi- pal mausleums are that of Meyers in section X which is of Hollawell granite, and those of Skinner and Letch worth, in section 7, of red sandstone, and Imson's, in section 12, of Barrie granite. The Clement monument, a granite shaft 41 feet high, is another imposing memento. The Soldier's monument is in section 8, of gran- ite, with a life-sized statue on top, having a base 12 feet square. A chapel was erected in 1882, and a handsome conservatory, has recently been added to provide more accom- modation for funeral services. This conservatory is 27x60 feet and 21 feet high from floor to ridge. The main receiving vault holds 100 bodies. Forest Lawn may be reached by three lines of cars : the Cold Spring line, the Elmwood Avenue line and the Niaga- ra Street cars which connect with those of Forest Avenue. It is no un- common thing on a Memorial Day to see from 30,000 to 40,000 people in this cemetery. All visitors, whether in vehicles or on foot, are required to exhibit tickets of admission to the gate keeper in order to gain admit- tance. Such tickets can be obtained by proper persons, on application at the office of the Association and are not transferable. Fort ;^rie. — A small summer re- sort opposite Buffalo on the Canadian shore. Victoria, which is opposite Ferry Street, is sometimes erroneously called Fort Erie. A regular ferry plies between Victoria and Buffalo throughout the year. Fort Erie Grove is reached direct by ferry boat from the foot of Main Street, or by ferry at the foot of Ferry Street, and excur- sion cars from Victoria. The usual number of picnic attractions are of- fered, such as groves, dance-halls, merry-go-rounds, bowling alleys, etc. There is one point of real interest to the excursionist in the ruins of the old fort, which may be seen between the excursion landing and Victoria. Fort Erie was garrisoned by the Brit- ish for many years, and was captured by the American forces in 1814. but was relinquished at the end of the war. Port Porter is on Front Avenue north of Porter Avenue. This Fort is beautifully situated. It stands upon a hill overlooking the Niagara River. There are two companies stationed here. Companies A and G of the 13th U. S. Infantry. The soldiers' bar- racks are situated on Front Avenue at the head of Rhode Island Street, the building being of brick and only two stories high. The hospital, erected in 1889, is also brick and is on Front Avenue and Sheridan Terrace. The guard house is on Front Avenue near the center of the Post, and to the right are located the officers' quarters. The military ri_i^inie is very thorough throughout, and a visit to this Post at sunset, when a dress parade takes place, is always interesting, and the surroundings, in summer especially are delightful ; everything is beautifully kept and the tasteful arrangement of flowers and home-like appearance of the officers' homes lend additional charm. Fox-Huntitigf. — The chief hunt is undertaken by members of the Coun- try Club, and occurs at Geneseo, where a pack of hounds are main- tained. The hunt consists of follow- ing the " drag," when a bagged fox is let loose and ruii down to death. Franklin Street. — A fine resi- dence street running north from Ter- race to North Street, having many important public buildings, chief among which are : Police Headquar- ters, St, Joseph's Cathedral, Miss Nardin's Academy, City and County Hall, Buffalo High School,- Grosvenor Library, and at the head of the street, St. Margaret's School, an Episcopal seminary for young ladies. Freemasonry. — Buffalo is one of the flourishing Masonic centers of the United States. The chief rendezvous of the order is the Masonic Temple, Nos. 43 and 45 Niagara Street, The temple is a superb seven-story struc- ture of brick and red sandstone, fin- ished throughout in magnificent style' The interior arrangementof the temple 63 FOX— FRE is planned solely to meet the require- ments of the order, and the lodge, chapter, council, commandery and other rooms are lavishly and beauti- fully ornamented. Nearly all the Ma- sonic bodies in the city meet in the temple. The order in this city com- prises II lodges, with 3,500 members; four Royal Arch Chapters, with 1,069 members ; two Royal and Select Coun- cils, with 324 members ; two Com- manderies, with 584 members; one Lodge of Perfection, Scottish Rite, with 370 members ; one Scottish Rite Council, with 370 members ; one Rose Croix Chapter, with 350 members ; one Consistory, with 269 members ; one Eastern Star Chapter, whose mem- bers are the ladies of the families of Masons ; one Temple of the Mystic Shrine, with about 920 members, and one Grotto of the Veiled Prophets, with 150 members. The Masonic Club of the city is the Acacia Club, whose rooms in the temple are said to be the finest and most commodious quarters occupied by any Masonic club in the world. This club numbers over 700 members. Visitor to Buffalo who desire to attend meetings of the various bodies, will find the dates and places of meetings appended. During the months of June, July and August little or no work is done by the Ma- sonic bodies, but in the other months the Temple is the scene of constant activity. The directory of the order in Buffalo as follows: Hiram No. 105 — Second and fourth Friday evenings, at Temple, 43 Niagara Street. Concordia No. 143. — Meets second and fourth Wednesday evenings, at Temple. Erie No. t6i. — Meets first and third Thursday evenings, at Temple. Washington No. 240. — Meets second and fourth Thursday evenings, at Temple. FRE 64 Parish No. 292. — Meets first and third Tuesday evenings, at Temple. MoDESTiA No. 340. — Meets first and third Monday evenings, at Temple. Queen City No. 358 — Meets first and third Friday evenings, at Temple, Ancient Landmark No. 441. — Meets first and third Tuesday evenings, over the German American Bank, Main Street corner Court. De Molay No. 498. — Meets, every second and fourth Tuesday evenings, at Temple. Harmonie No. 699. — Meets first and third Wednesday evenings, at Temple. Occidental No. 766. — Meets second and fourth Thursday evenings, at Philippbar's Hall, Niagara corner Amherst Streets. Buffalo Chapter No. 71. (Royal Arch.) — Meets first and third Wednes- day evenings, at Temple. Keystone Chapter No. 163. (Royal Arch.) — Meets second and fourth Wednesday evenings,at Temple. Adytum Chapter No. 235. (Royal Arch.) — Meets second and fourth Wednesday evenings, over the German American Bank, Main corner Court Street. Germania Chapter No. 259. (Royal Arch.)— Meets first and third Thursday evenings, at Temple. Naomi Chapter No. T02. (Order Eastern Star) — Meets second and fourth Tuesday evenings, at Temple. Buffalo Council Royal and Select Masters No. 17. — Meets second Thursday evenings, at Temple. Keystone Council No. 20. — Meets third Tuesday evening, at Temple. Lake Erie Commandery No. 20. (K. T.) — Meets second and fourth Monday evenings, at Temple. Hugh de Payens Commandery No 30. (K. T.) — Meets second and fourth Monday evenings, at Temple. Palmoni Lodge of Perfection (14th Degree A. A. S. R.)— Meets fourth Tuesday evening, monthly, at Temple. Palmoni Council Princes of Jerusalem (i6th Degree A. A. S. R.) — Meets fourth Thursday evenings, monthly, at Temple. Buffalo Chapter of Rose Croix ( 17th and i8th Degree A. A. S. R. )— Meets third Friday evenings, monthly, at Temple. Buffalo Consistory, S. P. R. S. (32d Degree A. A. S. R.) — Meets fourth Friday evening, monthly, at Temple. Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, IsMAiLiA Temple. — Meets every 29th evening of the month, at Temple. ZuLEiKA Grotto No. 10. (Mystic Order of the Veiled Phrophets of the Enchanted Realm.) — Meets first Tues- day of each month in Masonic Temple. Masonic Board of Reilef. — Meets third Saturday in January, April, July and October, at Temple. Masonic Hall Association of the City of Buffalo, Incorporated May 3, 1888. Office, Masonic Temple. Masonic Life Association of Western New York. Incorporated 1872, Office in the Temple, 43 Niag- ara Street. Open daily, except Sunday, from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. Fresh Air Mission of Buffalo. — The Fresh Air Mission sends each summer, from the last week of June to the first week of September about 800 children into the country, for a vaca- tion of two weeks each. About one- half are sent to "Cradle Beach," a piece of land containing about 47 acres, purchased in 1890. It is beauti- fully situated on the shore of Lake Erie, at Angola, 25 miles from Buffalo, and has a house which accommodates eighty children and is kept full through the season. It is probable that a new dormitory will be built this fall, so that hereafter 150 children can be accom- modated at Cradle Beach. The Fresh Air Mission also sends many children for a fortnight each to country homes in Western New York. Boys from four to ten years of age are sent, and girls from four to twelve years of age, without reference to nationality or religion. It is not possible to admit any at Angola, however, who are so delicate as to need special attention. Applications for invitations may be made at any of the offices of the Charity Organization Society. Chil- dren must be clean and must come provided with the necessary clothes. No clothes are given by the Fresh Air Mission, except in cases of necessity. The work depends wholly upon volun- tary subscriptions. The Fresh Air Mission and Fresh Air Mission Hospi- tal have a common treasury and re- ceived in 1895 $2,178.17 in subscrip- tions, and 1:2,328.98 from the *' Cradle Banks," which are placed in about 300 of the principal public places of Buffalo. Fresh Air Mission Hospital. — Organized 1893, in temporary head- quarters at Cradle Beach, Angola ; incorporated 1S94. In 1894 land was purchased and hospital buildings erect- ed at Athol Springs on the shore of Lake Erie, nine miles from BufTalo, The hospital is for cholera infantum only, and has thirty beds. Beds may be endowed annually by a payment of I50 a year, or permanently by paying St, 000. Endowment gives a right to name a bed, but no control as to its occupancy. The hospital opens about June ist and closes September 1st, Mothers are expected to remain 65 FRE— FUR with their babies at the hospital, unless special reasons make this im- possible. Children sick with cholera infantum may be sent on application to Dr. Irving M. Snow, 476 Franklin Street, or Dr. DeWitt H. Sherman, 666 Main Street, who constitute the staff of the hospital, or in urgent cases to any one of the district physicians. Railroad tickets are provided at the Fitch Institute. The resources of the hospital are the same as of the Fresh Air Mission, except that the endowed beds brought in in 1896 an income of $1200. Friends. — The Friends meeting house in this city is located at 173 Allen Street. Front, The.— (See Parks.) Furniture. — Artistic furniture of various designs may be seen at any of the warerooms of our leading dealers, and it is well worth the time spent to go through such houses as Hersee & Co., at 245-255 Ellicott Street ; Har- per Furniture Co., 571-575 Main Street; D. E. Morgan, Son & Allen Co., cor- ners Main, Huron and Pearl Streets ; Charles F. Doll, 477-489 Washington Street, and John G, Seeger, 122-126 East Genessee Street. Superb furni- ture, both foreign and domestic, of antique and modern workmanship is shown at all the above places, which are of high repute. There are other houses which are really museums of beautiful and varied posessions. These are not, however, confined to furniture, but handle stoves, carpets, dishes, cur- tains, draperies, etc., and may be classed rather as house furnishers. Such an one is Irish & English, at 303-307 Washington Street ; Henry Messersmith, 306-320 Michigan Street, and manv others we cannot enumer- ate. The last named dealers sell fur- niture and all household goods on the installment plan, taking monthly pay- GAR— GEN 66 ments ; thus the working class are able to procure furniture of good average quality for a small payment down and plenty of time to settle the account. Garbage. — The Baynes Garbage Reduction Works are situated in Cheektowaga, six hundred feet from the city line. To these works are sent all the garbage of the city where it undergoes a certain process. In this manner a certain amount of oil is obtained, and what is left is turned into ferterlizer. This work runs day and night and disposes of 40 loads of garbage daily. 33 men are employed. Gaslight Companies. — The price of gas in Buffalo is $1.00 net per 1. 000 cubic feet, when burned at the ordinary pressure. Following is a list of the companies : Buffalo Gas Company, on ^A/'est Genesee Street, cor. of Jackson. These large works cover an entire block and is the oldest gas company in the city. Organized in 1848. Citizens Gas Company, sit- uated on corner Fourth and Georgia Streets. They have manufactured gas since 1874. The Mutual Gaslight Company, at 545 Elk Street, with an up-town office at 11 E. Seneca Street, organized in 1870. The service-pipe connecting the company's main with the meter, which is generally placed in the basement or cellar of a building, is furnished and kept in repair by the company. Meters are also supplied by the company without charge. For every meter supplied by them the companies are by law allowed to exact a desposit $ 5.00. For this deposit they will furnish a receipt agreeing to refund it with interest at the demand of the depositor, provided all bills, for gas furnished him have been settled. The authorized agents of the company are entitled to access to the meters, fit- tings, and pipes at all reasonable hours. The meter can be removed or the gas cut off for non-payment of bills for fraudulent consumption of gas, or for tampering with the meter, but such work must be done between the hours of 8 a. m. and 6 p. m. . Every meter furnished by the companies is first inspected and tested by the State Inspector, who fixes his seal to it as a guarantee of accuracy. (See Natural Gas.) General Hospital. — Occupies a beautiful site at 100 High Street, just east of Main. The grounds cost 125,108.59 and the present buildings $ 89, 919.84 which accommodates about 175 patients. The new building, now in course of erection, when completed will cost $ 225,000.00 and have capacity for 325 patients. The new structure, on the same grounds will be magnifi- cent, being built of pre.ssed brick with enameled terra-cotta trimings and constructed in divisions. The Buffalo General Hospital is de- signed as a general charity to afford gratuitous medical and surgical relief to indigent persons ; as extensive a diffusion of the benefits of the institu- tion as is practicable, is the end sought after. Two thousand one hundred and nine patiehts were treated during the year 1895 in this hospital. In addition to charity patients cared for in the hospital there are always a goodly number of private cases which are charged according to the accomo- dation they desire; if they occupy a bed in the ward they are received for $ 7.00 per week, but when requiring private rooms the fees are from $9.00 to 1 25.00. In connection with the hospital is a large training school for nurses. Pupils are received into the School to form classes January first and July first, and at other times to fill vacan- cies. The requirements for admission into the School are : Good moral character, sound health, suitable age (between twenty-two and thirty-five years), an ordinary common school education, and mental and physical capacity for the duties of a trained nurse. Pupils serve three months on probation. During the fir«t month they receive board, lodging, and laundry work, but no allowance, and may be dismissed at any time if the probation is unsatisfactory, or leave the Scoool if they are dissatisfied. If the month's probation is satisfactory, the pupil is enrolled as Junior Nurse. If at the end of the third month, the probation is satisfactory to the Confer- ence Committee, the pupil must sign a contract to remain in the School and subject herself to the discipline of the Hospital for a period of two years from the time of her admission. Upon entering the School, each pupil receives one cap ; after that, one each month. Board, lodging and laundry work are furnished without charge. Junior Nurses receive a monthly allowance of nine dollars ; Senior Nurses, of twelve dollars. Visitors are admitted on the regular visiting days, Tuesdays and Fridays, between the hours of 2 and 5 o'clock. Genesee Hotel. — A handsome six story building fronting on Main and Genesee Street, was built in 1882. Its location is excellent, being situated between the business and resident portion of the city. The dining room is on the second floor, also the recep- tion parlors, and a number of ele- gant apartments en suite. The upper floors are devoted entirely to sleeping apartments. At the left of the main entrance is a splendid cafe and the details of the hotel service are first- class. The house is run on the Amer- ican and European plans. American plan, $3 per day and upward ; Euro- pean plan, $1 per day and upward. Genesee Street. — A long street running east and west from Lake Erie the city line. Cars run out this street 67 GEN— GER to the "Parade" and Franklin Park. It has stores similar to many of those found on Broadway, small dealers whose transactions foot up, however, enormous sums. The street is paved with asphalt. German Hospital. — This hospital was incorporated on November 22, 1895, with the intention of erecting a large hospital in the near future, which is to be entirely under the manage- ment of Germans. It will be located on the East Side among the German population, and will be essentially the Germans' hospital. Should persons of other nationality apply for admis- sion, however, they will be received upon equal terms with Germans. In connection with this, there is also the German Hospital Society, to which anyone having attained 21 years is eligible upon payment of the dues, which are $6 per year. German Insurance Building, Main Street, corner Lafayette, is a handsome iron building five stories high, erected in 1866, at a cost of $225,000 German Roman Catholic Or- phan Asylum. — (See Benevolent Societies, Institutions and Charities.) German Youug" Men's Asso- ciation, corner of Main and Edward Streets, occupies apartments on the ground floor of the Music Hall. The Association was incorporated in 1846 and is of a literary character. The library numbers some 8,000 volumes in all branches of literature, (both English and German) and is open every day, except Sunday, from 2.30 to 9.30 p. M. The reading room is supplied with all the daily city papers and those of the principal cities of the United States, together with American and foreign monthlies. The member- ship of the Association is about 800. The yearly dues are $3.00 ; initiation GOO— GRO 68 fee, $1. Their building is known as Music Hall (which see). Good Government Clubs. — These clubs are organized in the dif- ferent wards of the city, for the pur- pose of selecting and electing the best men to office without regard to party politics. At present there are nine of these clubs in the city. Grand Army of the Republic. — A famous organization of veterans of the National Army in the war of the rebellion. They usually hold memor- ial services in the cemeteries on Dec- oration Day, when they place flowers and flags upon the graves of com- rades. The posts in Buffalo are as follows : Chapin Post, No. 2 — Meets first and third Friday evenings, at Metro- politan Hall, 551 Main Street. BiDWELL-WlLKESON PoST, No. 9 — Meets first and third Thursday even- ings, at New Era Hall, 276 Main Street. McMahon Post, No. 208 — Meets first and third Mondays of each month, at the corner of Eagle and Jefferson Street, Wagner's Hall. William Richardson Post, No. 254 — Meets second and fourth Fridays of each month, at G. A. R. Hall, 288 West Ferry Street. A. J. Meyer Post, No. 239 — Meets first and third Saturdays of each month, at 48 W. Eagle Street. Elisha L. Hayward Post, No. 542 — Meets second and fourth Tues- day evenings, at 309 Sycamore Street. Woman's Relief Corps — Meets first and third Friday evenings, in G. A. R. Hall, 288 West Ferry Street. Grand Island. — Is situated in the Niagara River, is twelve miles long, seven miles wide, and contains 18,000 acres of land, with a population of about 1,300. There are eleven schools and three churches. At the lower end of the island are large apple orchards, producing some fine /ruit. The roads are level and well made. The island is crossed by roads about a mile apart, as well as roads running lengthwise, giving fine and beautiful drives. One of the pleasantest is a drive around the island close to the shore, having a fine view of the river and adjacent American and Canadian shores all the way. The northern end of the Island is but three miles from Niagara Falls, and the southern end about two miles from Buffalo. Graduate Association. — This Association was organized in March 1876, and has now 175 members. Meetings are held on Friday after- noons during the winter months, at the Twentieth Century Club-house. The Association is composed of mem- bers drawn from the graduates of the Buffalo Seminary. Gratwick. — A station on the Central Railway, north of North Tonawanda. Large lumber yards and several important manufacturies are located here. Grosvenor I/ibrary. — The Gros- venor Library is a Free Public Lib- rary, belonging to the City of Buffalo. It is exclusively a Library of reference. Its building, which is devoted ex- clusively to the library, stands on the southeast corner of Franklin and Edward Streets, a quiet location, just aside from the dust and noise of the main thoroughfares. Its position makes it easily accessible to both the residence and business districts, and so it is very convenient to the larger number of persons who are its most appreciative patrons. The library was the gift of Mr. Seth Grosvenor, a wealthy merchant of New York city, whose home had formerly been in I)ape yoM a pampMet or a booR wbicb you want publisbed? Our Publishing Department can offer you every facility* Estimates given from the manuscript without charge* The book can be made entirely by our own plant in any form selected* The department will look after the author^s interests and place the book on the market if desired* The Peter Paul Book Company ^ ^ 420 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO, GUARANTY BUILDING Bufifiilo. He bequeathed 140,000 with which to found a free public librar3^ 130,000 of this was to be set aside as a book fund to be invested forever, the income only of which was to be used in the purchase of books. By the terms of the will no book could be loaned or used outside of the library building and books of reference and standard works on historical and scien- tifie subjects were recommended. The remaining |;ro,ooo was to be applied to the purchase of a lot and the erection of a library building. In 1870 the library was first opened to the public in quarters over the Buffalo Savings Bank, and there for twenty- five years it remained, the rendezvous for students and those in pursuit of knowledge. In time the old room, though spacious, became overcrowded and it was found necessary to procure larger apartments. By this time a considerable building fund had accumulated, composed in part of the original bequest of $ro,ooo, and accrued interest thereon, and in part of the money derived from the sale of the " Mohawk Market Property " which was deeded to the library by the city in 1865. Therefore in 1891 the trustees undertook the task of erecting a building suitable to the needs of a growing reference library, and the present building is the result. The interior architectural design especially, is a beautiful bit of pure Italian Renaissance. There is a tower room from which a winding stairway leads to the observatory above, which is arranged for the reception of an astronomical telescope. On the main floor beyond the door of the librari- an's room is a side entrance to Edward Street for the convenience of those coming from Main Street. The library has at present over 40,000 volumns with a capacity of about 70,000 volumes, which can be largely in- creased when needed. The general 69 GUA reading-room is 125 feet long by 80 feet, wide with a high ceiling, broken by lines of construction which form a large square over the reading tables and a smaller one over the delivery desk. Within these squares the ceiling is paneled in geometrical designs and set with amber and pale wine-colored cathedral glass, which gives just enough color to subdue the glare from the skylight above and cast a warm soft glow over the room below that is very easy to the eye in reading and harmonizes beautifully with the pre- vailing tint of the hard-wood finish. The library is open to the public from 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. Guaranty Building stands at the southwest corner of Church and Pearl Streets, with 116 feet frontage on the former, one of Buffalo's widest streets, and 93 feet on Pearl Street. The building is thirteen stories high be- sides a finished basement. It is of steel frame construction, with the floors, partitions and roof of fire-clay tile, hence is absolutely fire-proof. The Guaranty occupies a unique posi- tion among the buildings of the world, as the highest exponent of the use of ornamental terra-cotta in exterior work of this nature. The corridors throughout are wainscoted with pink Tennessee marble of beautiful con- figuration, and the floors are laid in elaborate marble mosaic. The same kind of wainscoting is used in all the stairways, toilet and bath-rooms. The elevator shafts and the stairways above the wainscoting, as well as all outer court walls, are faced with white en- ameled brick. The elevator enclos- ures, stairs, store fronts, and some other parts are in bronze. Mexican mahogany and oak are the woods used for doors and like interior work. The plan of the Guaranty is admirably simple and compact. The rooms, grouped in convenient suites, are lofty GYMr-HAR 70 as to ceiling, of moderate depth and exceptionally well lighted by the large windows, of which no room has less than two. Most of the offices without street frontage have a magnificent out- look over Lake Erie and the Niagara River. Gymnasiums. — (See Athletics.) Hack Fares. (Fixed by City Ordinance. ) — For conveying one passenger any distance not exceeding one mile, 50 cents ; and for each additional passenger, 25 cents. For over one mile and not exceeding two miles, every passenger, ^i.oo. Child- ren between eight and twelve years of age, one-half the above price ; under eight years, no charge to be made. For vehicle by the hour, for one or more persons, II1.50 for every hour, with privelege of stopping as often as required. If by the hour, it must be so specif" -d at the time of engagement; otherwise deemed to be by the mile, to be measured by the most direct traveled route. For the use of such vehicle by the day, for one or more passengers, $8.00. Each passenger shall be allowed to have carried and conveyed upon such vehicle one trunk, valise, carpet-bag, portmanteau, box, bundle, basket, or other articles, used in traveling, without charge. For more than one of the above-enumer- ated articles, five cents may be charged, if carried less than a mile, and ten cents if more than a mile. A violation of these ordinances by any owner or driver of a vehicle, is punishable by a fine of $10.00 for each offense. Ham-burgh. — Thirteen miles from Buffalo on the lake shore, and reached by the Buffalo & Southwestern R. R. The population is between 2.000 and 2.500. Large agricultural fairs are held here annually and it is noted for its canning industries. Many Buffalo- nians have summer homes in Ham- burgh, coming into Buffalo every morning to do business. Harbor and Breakwater. — The original projects for the improvment ot this harbor was adopted in 1826, and provided at first for the construction of piers on the north and south sides of Buffalo Creek. Subsequently a masonry sea-wall running south from the shore end of the south pier was proposed and built. In 1868 a detached breakwater, about 2,500 feet lakeward from the light-house, to extend south a distance of 4,000 feet, was proposed and adopted. In 1874 it was determined to extend this break- water, to a total length of 7,600 feet. This breakwater has now its full prop- osed length, the final extension of 806 feet having been built in 1893. It runs parallel to the shore and about half a mile distant from it. In 1874 it was also proposed to build a shore arm to the breakwater, the inshore end to consist of pile work near the shore and crib work in the deeper water. Upon reaching the 16-foot contour line in the the lake this shore arm was planned to continue in a direction making an angle of about 45 degrees with the shore and overlap the south end of the breakwater, leaving an opening of 150 feet. This shore arm would be about 4,100 feet long. Minor repairs have been made during the year to the old portions of the breakwater and to the south pier. A new survey of the har- bor and its vicinity was finished, includ- ing borings south of the breakwater. The River and Harbor Act of August 17, 1894, made provision for survey and preparation of plan for extending the outer breakwater from a point at or near the present outer breakwater south-easterly to a point at or near Stoney Point. Report of survey and the plan prepared by Major Ruffher un- der authority of this law was referred to a Board of Engineers, and the report of the Board was approved by the Sec- retary of War August i, 1895. Harbor Master . — The entire pubHc harbors, wharves, etc., is under the charge of the harbor master, who has an office at Ohio Street near Main. The bridge tenders are also under the direction of the harbor master. His salary is |i,2oo per year, and is appointed by the mayor to hold office for three years. Heathcote School. — One of the leading preparatory schools in the city, located on College Street, between Allen and North Streets, Health, Board of. — The Board of Health consists of the Mayor, the President of the Board of Public Works and the Health Commissioner. The Secretary of the Department of Health is also secretary for this board. Health, Department of. (Muni- cipal Building.)— Consists of Health and such officers and assistants as shall be prescribed by statue or ordin- ance, and are as follows : Health Commissioner, holds office for five years and is paid |;4,ooo per year; Assistant Health Officer, ^2,000; Clerk Department of Health, Registrar Vital Statistics, Clerk, City Chemist- Stenographer, Inspector Food Sup- plies and Drugs, Bacteriologist, Assist- ant Bacteriologist, Sanitary Inspectors, Inspector of Plumbing and Drainage, Assistant Inspectors, Cattle Inspector, Assistant Cattle Inspector, City Scav- enger, Keeper Quarantine Hospital, Fumigating and Placarding. The city is divided into eight districts having a physician for each district, and two Homoepathic physicians, one for the East and one for the West side. The health department has the supervision of the removal and burial or inciner- ation of the dead ; register of births, 71 HAR— HIS marriages and deaths ; etc., and the commissioner shall have the power to. inspect at will or give orders as he may consider best to secure the safety of the public health. All complaints of nuisance in the city are inspected and if found offensive the owner of the place is given a few days in which to abate the nuisance or is answerable to the law and is fined. In cases of scarlet fever, diphtheria or any other contagious disease, a card or sign is placed upon such house, printed in English and German, the same re- maining on the house until the patient is declared well by a reputable doctor. All children attending school must be vaccinated at least once every five years, and such children as are not vaccinated at home are seen by a corps of doctors appointed for the purpose. Historical Society, Buffalo — It was not until the Spring of 1862 that the first public steps were taken toward the establishment of a society for the collection and preservation of everything of historical interest per- taining to Buffalo and Erie County, although the great desirability of such organization was thoroughly appreci- ated in the earlier years. The first great event in the life of the Society occured on July 2, 1862, when Presi- dent Fillmore delivered an Inaugural Address before a large and appreci- ative audience assembled at American Hall. This address, printed in the first volume of the publications of the Society, outlined and clearly set forth the aims and objects of the same "Its chief object is to collect and preserve the materials of history re- lating to Western New York, and especially to Buffalo, for future use and reference. — Its object is not to teach but to preserve history." The Society now occupies the entire third floor of the Buffalo Library Building, HOL at the corner of Washington Street and Broadway, where its large and various collections are carefully arranged and indexed for the conveni- ence of the public. The library, which is free for refer- ence, contains about 9000 volumes and 7000 pamphlet; relics and curios of every description are exhibited, and in its every department the collections are really the most complete in Western New York. During the fall of 1884, the Society cared for the re-interment of the remains of the famous Indian chief, Red Jacket, and of several other chiefs, in the plot of ground given for that pur- pose by the Forest Lawn Association. On the afternoon of June 23, 1892, the statue erected by the society to the honor and memory of Red Jacket was unvailed. This monument and bronze statue of the great orator of the Seneca nation, erected at a cost of $10,000, stands at the Delaware Avenue entrance to Forest Lawn. The act of raising this memorial is but the outward manifestation of the zeal and enterprise which marks the life of the Society. Holidays. — Upon all legal holi- days, the banks and public offices are obliged by law to close, and business generally is suspended. These holi- days are : Christmas, December 25 ; New Year's Day, January i ; Lincoln's Birthday, February 12 ; Washington's Birthday, Febru a ry 22; Memorial Day, May 30 ; Independence Day, July 4 ; Labor Day, the first Monday in September ; Election Day. which is the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November ; and Thanks- giving Day, appointed by the Governer of the State and usually fixed for the last Thursday in Novem- ber. Washington's and Lincoln's Birthdays pass without recognition but Memorial Day always receives marked 72 attention, when a procession of posts of G. A. R. and vans loaded with flowers, proceed to the various ceme- teries, and decorate the graves of all soldiers buried there. Independence Day has no longer any military display, but is a red-letter day for the small boy who indulges in a free use of gun- powder and fireworks. The firing of explosives in the street has been pro- hibited but the law is not enforced. Many persons consider it a time to leave the city and spend the Fourth in some sequestered, leafy spot, in holy quiet. The observance of Thanks- giving is of New England origin and is marked by family reunions and the most bountiful feast of the year. A 1 irge number of the important foot- ball games are played about this time. Good Friday although not a legal holi- day, is observed by many of the church people. Holland I/and Company. — A so-called company making the original purchase of the teritory where Buffalo now stands from Robert Morris. The original surveys were made under the direction of the company's agent. Holy Angels' Academy.— (See Convents.) Holy Cross Cemetery. — This cemetery is located in the town of West Seneca, near the city line, and is one of the largest, having about 123 acres of land. It was organized in 1854 and in the same year the first interment took place. A fine chapel was erected in 1894, of white granite, in Gothic style, and stands about five hundred feet from the road. On the top of this chapel stands an angel, facing the north, blowing a trumpet. In front of the chapel are buried many Catholic priests of the city. The McDonnell monument, a large pyramid built of polished granite, is the highest monument in the cemetery. 73 HOM— HOR To the south ot this monument is that of S. F. Eagan, built in the form of a large square of polished granite. The Crowley monument is also beautiful. The base is of granite on top of which stands a life sized angel. Space forbids the enumerating of other hand- some monuments which only a visit to the cemetery can do justice to. Home for the Friendless. — At 1500 Main Street. Incorporated 1868. On February 4, 1868, "The Home for the Friendless " opened its doors to afford shelter, protection and employ- ment to worthy women who are desti- tute. Its first home was on the corner of Seventh and Maryland Streets. The record of the first year shows 26 in- mates received and 483 days' board given ; receipts from donations and subscriptions, f 783. 40. and ever since the record of this institution has been a noble one. In 1872 the Home pur- chased a burial lot in Forest Lawn, and in 1879 ^ granite monumet was erected, the inmates of the Home con- tributing $75.00. the proceeds of their needlework. The house on Seventh Street, originally built for private use, had been repeatedly enlarged, and to its full capacity, but was inadequate for the demands made upon its hospitality, so on July irth, 1884, the premises 1500 Main Street were formerly trans- ferred to the Home for the Friendless, for the sum of 125,000. Alterations and additions amounting to $15,287 were made, and on March 17th, 1886, the Home took possession of its new quarters. One object of the Home for the Friendless is to extend relief to worthv indigent women and girls, by affording a temporary home, protec- tion, employment or assistance. Many needy girls are helped to places of em- ployment, or assisted to their homes and friends, besides which, a home is afforded to aged women who are homeless and friendless. This Home is supported entirely by voluntary con- tributions. The conditions under which inmates are permanently re- ceived into the institution are as fol- lows : Applicants who are accepted must have resided in Buffalo at least two years before applying for admis- sion to the Home. She is required to furnish satisfactory testimony of good character and is taken on probation for not less than six months. As a rule, I250 is required as an admission fee. This pays for a life residence in the Home. Transient inmates usually re- main two weeks, or are kept longer at the discretion of the managers. Such persons do housework to pay for their board- Visitors are welcomed at the Home upon the regular visiting days. Homeopathic Hospital. — Or- ganized in 1874. It is situated at the corner of Maryland and Cottage Sts. This hospital is small, having only ac- comodation for 45 patients. It receives both private and city cases. Horse Exchange. — The object of this Exchange is the importation and exportation of horses to be sold at the best markets to be obtained. Buffalo has a wide reputation for its horse trade, and large lots of Ameri- can-bred horses have been shipped to London and elsewhere. Crandall & Co., have fine stables, each 200 feet long. Some of these stables are 30 feet wide, while others are 60 feet wide and the various stables can accommodate 1200 horses. Horses and Carriages. — May be hired at any one of the many excellent livery stables in which the city abounds. The charges vary for boarding horses but the average price for the care of one horse and vehicle is $ 20 per month, and this does not include shoeing or medical attendance. A single horse and carriage can be hired for |i.oo to I1.50 an hour, and HOS— HOT 74 teams from $2.00 up wards .Prices differ according to the style of rig you hire, and the establishment to which you apply. It is always advisable to state in advance that you desire a carriage by the hour, else you may be charged for the distance you have been driven. In cases where a driver is not needed, of course it is always less. A horse and buggy can be hired from some liveries for $3,00 a day, while the more fashionable turn-outs cost $4.00 and I5.00. Family carriages, tally-hos etc., may also be engaged and where a party of friends desire to drive to- gether this proves most satisfactory. Carriage hire in Buffalo, when com- pared with other large cities, is reason- able, while the quality of horses and style of turnouts provided are faultless. Hospitals. — Buffalo State Hos- pital. — Forest Avenve, near Park Lake. Buffalo General Hospital. — 100 High Street. Ladies' Hospital Association. — (auxiliary to Buffalo General Hospital). Buffalo Homeopathic Hospital. — Cottage, corner Maryland Street. Buffalo Hospital of Sisters of Charity. — 1883 Main Street, near East Delavan Avenue. Fitch Accident HospiTAL.-Room 14 Fitch Institute, 165 Swan Street. Riverside Hospital — Brecken- ridge Street. The Buffalo Women's Hospital (formerly Buffalo Maternity Hospital). — Georgia, corner Seventh Street. St. Francis Hospital. — 337 Pine Street, Buffalo City Hospital, — Con- gress Street and Bouck Avenue. Wilcox Hospital — 173 Lexington Avenue. German Hospital. — Proposed. Buffalo Quartine Hospital — 761 East Ferry Street, under the super- vision the Board of Health. Hotels. — Akins House. — 133 and 135 Eagle Street. Albany Hotel, The. — 135 Main Street. Arlington Hotel. — Exchange, corner Wells Street. Bouck Avenue Hotel. — 1329 Ni- agara Street. Bradford House. — no Exchange Street. Brainard House. — 1035 William Street. Broezel Hotel. — Seneca corner Wells Street. Carlton. — Exchange, cornerWash- ington Street. Chicago House. — 165 Washington Street. Continental Hotel — Exchange corner Michigan Street. Crandall House. — 965 William Street. Empire. — 144 Exchange Street. Everett. — 523 Michigan Street. Ferry Hotel. — Niagara corner West Ferry Street. Fillmore House. — Michigan cor- ner Carroll Street. Genesee Hotel. — Main Street cor- ner West Genesee. Gillespie European. — Over 50 Seneca Street. Globe Hotel. — 1330 Bailey Ave. Hartman House. — 130S Bailey Avenue. Hoffman House. — 873 William Street. Hotel Normandie. — 367 Washing- ton Street. Invalid's Hotel.— 663 Main St. Iroquois. — Main corner Eagle St. Levden Hotel. — 138 Exchange Street. Mansion House. — Main corner Ex- change Street. Moats' Hotel. — 102 1 William St. Moeller House. — 95 and 97 Main Street. Napoleon Hotel, The. — 191 Main Street. New National. — 148 Exchange Street. Niagara Hotel. — Corner Seventh Street and Porter Avenue. Ontario. — 20 East Huron Street. Richelieu Hotel. — 39 Swan St. Southern Hotel. — 183 Seneca St. Stafford House. — Carroll and Washington Streets. Stock Exchange Hotel. — 1009 William Street. Terrace Park Hotel. — 240 to 246 Terrace. TiFFT House. — 465 Main Street. Tremont House. — 19 Seneca St. Tucker House. — 180 Exchange Street. United States Hotel. — Terrace corner Pearl Street. Voss Hotel. — 999 William Street. Washington House. — 346 Wash- ington Street. Huttiane Society. — (See Cruelty to Animals.) Ice. — Most of the ice consumed in Buffalo is cut in Lake Erie and Lime Lake. The amount of ice cut by local dealers is from 60,000 to 100,000 tons. The price of ice varies, but usually it is about 25 cents per hundred pounds to private consumers. No ice is de- livered on Sunday, but a double weight is left on Saturday. 75 HUM— INS Idlewood Association. — Was organized in 1882 and has 20 members. This association has land up the lake near Lake View, where each of the members have a summer residence. Industrial Association. — The Buffalo Industrial Association is the name given to an organization of charitably disposed citizens, which was formed in the spring of 1895, for the purpose of introducing the "Detroit plan " of assisting the poor and unem- ployed in the City of Buffalo. This plan has for its object the assisting of persons with families, who are in in- digent circumstances and unable to support themselves, by permitting and encouraging them to cultivate vacant land lying within the city limits, gratuitously offered for that purpose by charitable persons. The Associa- tion had the soil ploughed and har- rowed, and three bushels of potatoes alotted to each plot. Much of the planting and a great deal of the culti- vation is done by women, some of them walking miles in order to take care of their plots. Some bring their children with them — of all ages from 6 months to 16 years — availing them- selves of the help of the older ones and procuring fresh air for all. One splendid feature of this excellent char- ity is that it makes the poor accept the benefits of it and at the same time retain their independence and self- respect. Infirmaries. — (See Dispensaries and Infirmaries.) Ingleside Home. — This insti- tution, located at 70 Howard Place, was organized in 1870. The purpose of this Home is to reclaim erring girls and woman and help them to become respectable and self-supporting. Insane Assylum. — (See State Hospital.) INT— ITA 76 International Bridgfe. — Spans the Niagara River and connects Buffalo with Canada. It rests on six piers of stone, the construction of which was most difficult on account of the strong and swift current of the Niagara. Ic has two draws of 100 feet each, thus letting boats of all kinds pass up and down the river. Length of bridge from the Canadian shore to Squaw Island is i,g6g)4 feet, from Squaw Island to American side, 517 feet, distance across Squaw Island, 1 167 feet, total length 3,6515^ feet. Depth of water at the piers is from 9 to 48 feet. The first locomotive crossed the bridge on October 27, 1873. The cost was $[,500,000. Iron Ore Trade and Docks. — The following shows the lake receipts cf iron ore at Buffalo, in gross tons during the seasons of 1892 to 1895, inclusive: The quantity of iron ore on the docks at Buffalo at the close of navigation in 1893, was 112,600 gross tons; in 1894, 93,800 gross tons; in 1895. 39-887 gro.ss ton. The Ore Docks of Buffalo are as follows : The Lehigh Valley, on the Tifft Farm im- provement ; the plant consist of three Brown hoists and six Thornburg hoists with ample storage facilities. The Buffalo Dock Company (H. K. Wick & Co.), on the Blackwell Canal, have six McMyler hoists and storage trestles combined. The Minnesota Docks (N. Y., L. E. & W,), on the river, has five McMyler hoists and stor- age trestles combined. The Coit Docks, in the Erie Basin (N. Y. C. & H. R. R.), has two McMyler hoists and storage trestles combined. The Deleware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad has one set of six Thornburg hoists only, located in the Erie basin. The total dock frontage aggregate 4,000 feet. The facilities as shown are ample, as the docks have connections with the numerous railroads centering at Buffalo. Iroquois Hotel— The Hotel Iro- quois is the most popular down-town house in the city, situated as it is, in the very business centre, corner of Main and Eagle Streets. This hotel ' was built by the Buffalo Library Asso- ciation, and cost about |ir,ooo,ooo, and is one of absolutely fire-proof hotel of the city. The structure is of brown stone and brick, eight stories high, and has a frontage of too feet on Main 1 and Washington Streets, and 200 feet on Eagle Street. The entrances are on Main and Eagle Streets, where handsome porticos are arranged so as to afford upper balconies which accom- ^ modate nearly one hundred persons. Opposite the entrances is the offices with lobby and intersecting corridors from the other streets. There is a splendidly equipped billiard hall which occupies the ground floor on the. Washington Street side. The house w^as opened on August 13, 1889, with spacious and elegant accommodation for 500 guests. It is run on the American and European plans. Euro- pean plan $1.50 and upward ; Ameri- can plan, $4 to 15. Island Club. — This club, which is a family club, was organized in 1892 and has 60 members. It purchased the house known as the "McCombe," on Grand Island which has since been called the "Island Club." The club- house contains 100 rooms and an adja- cent building is used for dancing, bowl- ing alley and various other amuse- ments. The Club owns the steamer Huntress which is used exclusively for the transportation of the members and their friends. The Club's dock is at the foot of Ferry Street. Italians. — There are a large num- ber of them in Buffalo, largely labor- ers, rag-pickers and fruit venders. They are industrious but dirty as a rule, and while they often present a 77 lAI— JUB miserable appearance and suffer pri- vations it is not usually because they are so very poor, but rather that they prefer to hoard their money. There are perhaps, some organ grinders among them and indeed musicians of a higher order. They are apt to form settlements by themselves and are to be found in the tenements at the foot of Main Street ; on Genesee, near the canal ; and in and about ly sober but when intoxicated are the Terrace. They are common- extremely quarrelsome and their localities are often the scene of a stabbing affray. As a rule the child- ren of these people are turned out to earn a penny at an early age, and these little street waifs sell papers, black boots or beg, seeming to fear nothing and preferring a street life to any other. Jail, i^rie County. — This jail is located at the corner of Delaware Avenue and Church Street. The building was erected in 1877 and is four stories high, built of white stone and can accomodate 200 prisoners. Jamestown. — A city of nearly 20,000 population on the New York, Lake Erie & Western, and Chau- tauqua Lake railways 68 miles from Buffalo. It is at the outlet of Chau- tauqua Lake. Has woolen and flour- ing mills and engaged extensively in manufacturing. In agricultural region. Jews. — There are a great many Jews in the city, and they form a very important element of the population. As citizens the Jews are eminently active and useful members of society. They are engaged in all sorts of pursuits and are invariably successful. Among this race are found merchants, editors, politicians, actors and theater managers. ■ In matters of religion they differ, some being very strict to medi- aeval customs in religion and social life, while others belong to a some- what reformed and modernized party. While the Jews support many Hebrew charities, not a few also engage actively in Christian benevolent work and the larger number are in a highly prosper- ous condition, and let it be told to their credit that the Jews contribute fewer criminals than any other nation in Buffalo. Jubilee Water Works.— Be- tween the years 1830 and 1835 a stock company was formed and a charter granted to Messrs. Gorton, Howell, Justin, et al., to supply the village of Black Rock with water for domestic purposes. Black Rock at that time contained a population of 4,000 to 5,oGO inhabitants, and the question of a pure water supply was an important one, as v^ells had been sunk 50 to 75 feet without obtaining any water and hundreds of dollars had been spent to no better advantage. The discovery of the springs southeast of the village, now at the corner of Auburn and Del- aware Avenues, led to the formation of the stock company with a franchise granted by the Legislature of the State of New York to lay pipes and to con- trol the land lying five feet on each side of the mains, as long as these were in active use. A bountiful supply of pure cold spring water piped into every part of the town was hailed with the greatest enthusiasm and a Black Rock Jubilee was celebrated in a be- coming manner, so much so that the name of the corporation was changed to the Jubilee Water Works Company. This company afterwards disposed of its interest to the Parish Tract and commissioners were elected to super- intend and manage its affairs. On several occasions the City of Buffalo has attempted to condemn this water supply, but chemical analysis has always shown its superiority over the Buffalo water supply. The present condition of this water supply is as TUD— KIN 78 follows : Two reservoirs are situated near the corner of Auburn and Dela- ware Avenues and one reservoir on Amherst Street. But 30 to 35 cisterns and pumps remain and not over 250 families are supplied at present, the number diminishing with each succeeding year. These families live on Amherst, Peters, Howell and Pacific Streets, and the upper end of Hertel Avenue. The rates per annum are I4.00 for one story house, I5.00 for one and one -half story house, $6.00 for two story house and |io.oo for saloons and business places. Judiciary Department. — (See Law Courts. ) Jurors, Commissioner of — This department was organized in 1895 under Chapter 369 of the General Laws of the State of New York of that year, which went into effect on the 20th day of April, 1895. This Act was the outgrowth of a very serious and earnest desire of the citizens of Erie County, and epecially of the City of Buffalo, for a reform in the jury system. The reforms which have been affected by this Act may be stated in brief as follows : From the list of the taxpayers of Erie County, which are annually sent to the Com- missioner of Jurors by the Assessors of the City of Buffalo, and of each town, before the first week in May in each year, the Commissioner selects the names of such jurors as he regards as qualified to sit as jurors, and they form the jury list for the ensuing year, which begins on the first day of August thereafter. The Commissioner is the sole judge of the qualifications of each juror, but from his decision an appeal may be taken to the Court by any juror who feels himself aggrieved by the decision. The chief reforms aflfected by this reform jury act are 1st ; Absolute impartiality in the draw- ing of jurors. 2nd ; The restriction of the term of service of each juror to two weeks in any one year ; no juror can sit longer than two weeks, unless he is drawn on the grand jury when his term of service may be longer or shorter, according to the amount of work on hand for the grand jury. The appointment of the Com- missioner is vested in the Justices of the Supreme Court who reside in Erie County, and the County Judge. Kenmore. — A suburb laying north of the city line on Tonawanda boula- vard, midway between Buffalo and Tonawanda. It is connected with Buffalo by the electric car lines. The streets are all well laid out and a pretty residence section is the result. It has also a beautiful little park. Kinder gar dens. — Have become very numerous in Buffalo. The Buffalo Free Kindergarten Association was organized in 1891 and the object of this Association is to establish and maintain free Kindergartens in Buffalo and vicinity. These Kindergartens develop needy and neglected children mentally, morally and physically. The Froebel system is followed and the results are most satisfactory. The Association is supported by gifts, contributions and membership dues, which are I5.00 a year. It maintains twelve kindergartens and there are enrolled in the these various kinder- gartens about 800 children, ranging from 3 to 6 years. The training class for kindergarten teachers numbers twenty-five. The full course of study in the training class covers two years, and includes Kindergarten Theory, Gifts and Occupations, Songs and Games, History of Education, Psychology, Form and Color, Physical Culture, Drawing and Clay Modeling. In addition to this, there are specia lectures on Natural Science, Psycho- logy, Art and Literature. The tuition is $35 per year, including material, but not books ; payments to be made in two installments, November ist, and February ist. Scholarships are granted at the discretion of the Educational Committee. Kinder- gartens are now a part of the public school system. The State Normal and Training School has a well-attended Kindergarten under the supervisision of able instructors. The tution for this department is I40.00 a year, and there are also a large number of private Kindergartens throughout the city, the usual fee for instruction being |io.oo a term. I/abor Orgfani^ations. — A list of the Labor Organizations and their places of meeting as given for the city directory. — Buffalo Central Labor Union. Organized May 11, 1884. — Meets over 201 Pearl Street, every second and fourth Sunday afternoon. The following meet at Council Hall, corner East Huron and Ellicott Streets as follows : Building Trades' Council. — First and third Monday. Iron Trades' Council. — First and third Sundays. Amalgamated Carpenters' Union No. 447- — Every alternate Saturday Evening. Book Binders' Union. — First and third Tuesdays. Carpenters' District Council OF U. B. of C. and J. OF America. — Every Saturday Evening. Painters' District Council, — Every Saturday. Housesmiths' Union. — First and third Fridays of each month. Machinery Moulders' Union No. 84. — Every Monday Evening. Mosaic and Encaustic Tile Workers. — Every Friday Evening. 79 LAB Painters' Union No. 42. — Every Thursday Evening. Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fit- ter's Union No. 36. — Every Tuesday Evening. Typographical Union No. 9. — First Sunday of each month, 2.30 p.m. Theatrical Union. — Meets fourth Sunday, 2 p. m. Stonecutters' Union. — Second and fourth Mondays. Machinists' Union. — Every Satur- day. Plasterers' Union. — Every Wed- nesday. Core Makers' Union. — Second and fourth Mondays. Patten Makers' Union. — Second and fourth Mondays. Blacksmiths' Union. — First and Wednesdays. AT other halls. Bricklayers' and Stonemasons' No. 36. — Every Thursday Evening, Schwabl's Hall, 353 Broadway. Bricklayers' Union No. 45. — Every Wednesday Evening, at Hall, 349 Broadway. Bakers' Union No. 16. — Every alternate Saturday, at 3 p. m., at Hon- necker's Hall, corner Sycamore and Hickory Streets. Brewers' Union No. 4. — First and third Sunday in the month, at Jeffer- son and Genesee Streets. Buffalo Musicians' Protective Association. — Every second Friday in January, April, July and October, at their rooms, corner of Washington and Huron Streets. Cigar Makers' Union No. 2. — First and third Tuesday Evening at Hall, 349 Broadway. Carpenters' Union No. 9. — Every Wednesday Evening, corner Huron and Ellicott Streets. LAF— LAS 80 Carpenters' Union No. 355, — Every Monday at 8 p. m., corner Broad- way and Madison Street. Carpenters' Union No. 374. — At Volz Hall, every Friday Evening, cor. Massachusetts and Chenango Streets. Carpenters' Union No. 440. — Every Tuesday Evening, at 1220 Jeffer- son Street. Carpenters' Union No. 802. — Every Thursday, corner Thomson and Amherst Streets. Boot and Shoe Workers' Union. — Second and fourth Saturdays at American Engineers' Hall, 232 William Street. Builders' Laborers' Union. — Every Saturday Evening, at Schwabl Hall, 353 Broadway. Coopers' Union. — Every Sunday, corner Walnut and Genesee Streets. Grain Shovelers' Union. — First and fourth Fridays, at 49 East Market Street. Journeymen Horseshoers' Union No. 23. — Second and fourth Fridays of each month, at Fidelity Hall, 229 Genesee Street. Journeymen Tailors' Union No. 46. — Second and fourth Monday Eve- nings at Hall, corner Oak and Syca- more Streets. Lathers' Protective Union No. 2.— At Hall, 681 Michigan Street. Pressmens' Union No. 46.-Second Monday Evening of each month, at White's Hall, 237 Sycamore Street. Painters' Union No. 112. — Every Friday Evening at Wickerly's Hall, Broadway near Monroe Street. Painters' Union No. 123. — Every Tuesday Evening, at White's Hall, 237 Sycamore Street. Painters' Union No. 152. — Every Thursday Evening, at Pauly's Hall, corner Jefferson and Northampton Streets. Painters' Union No. 157. — Every Monday Evening, at Spitzer's Hall, Massachusetts Street and Shields Avenue. QUARRYMENS' UnION. — MectS first and third Mondays, at Kensington Avenue and Main Streets. Ship Carpenters' and Caulkers' Union No. i, — First and third Wed- nesdays, corner Elk and Louisiana streets. S W I T C H M E n'S BeNOVOLENT Association. — Every Friday except first, at Stendt's Hall, 198 Seneca St. Tin, Sheet Iron and Cornice Workers' Local Union No. 71. — Every second and fourth Thursday of each month, at 681 Michigan Street. I/afayette Square. — The most valuable small park in the city, being bounded on the south by Clinton, west by Main, north by Lafay- ette and east by Washington Streets, at the head of Broadway. The ground value of this square is it least one million dollars. (See Soldiers' Monu- ment.) I/aSalle. — Is 17 miles from Buffalo and may be reached by the New York Central, Lehigh Valley, and Erie, West Shore, Grand Trunk and Michi- gan Central railways. Cayuga Inlet or Creek runs through it, and it will be rememberd it was to the edge of this Inlet that the French explorer Robert de LaSalle, persued his dis- coveries as early as the fall of 1679, and the first boat that ever made a tour of the lakes, the Griffon, of 60 tons burden was built from timbers growing on the banks of Cayuga Inlet. LaSalle touches the southern portion of the fruit belt line and is noted for its fruit farms. It is only six miles from Niagara Falls, which may be reached either by train or electric cars. I3 miles. The Buffalo Waterworks Inlet Pier, on the E. side of the channel at the head of the ' ' Nar- rows" of the Niagara River, and 1% miles below Horseshoe Reef Light- house, is marked at night by a red light 22 feet above the water. Buffalo Breakwater Lighthouse, on crib, be- hind N. end of new breakwater S. side of approach to Buffalo Harbor. It has a fixed red light. The Fog Sig- nal is a lo-inch steam-whistle ; blasts 3 seconds, silent intervals 57 seconds. If whistle be disabled a bell is struck by machinery, a treble blow every 30 seconds. lyiquor Dealers' Association. — Composed of the liquor dealers of Buf- falo, to discuss and protect the inter- ests of local liquor dealers and adjust matters pertaining to the sale of liquors in the city. Meetings are held subject to the call of the president of the asso- ciation and take place in their Hall at 557 Main Street. I/ily Dale. — A famous Spiritualistic camp. It is located on the D. A. V. & P. Railway, six miles from the beautiful village of Fredonia and three miles from Cassadaga. In 1880 some 40 acres of wooded land was pur- chased by the Casadaga Lake Free Association. It is now a delightful spot, laid out in streets and parks, hav- ing waterworks and electric lights, with excellent hotel accommodations and hundreds of pretty cottages. So- journers at Lily Dale are not only furnished an opportunity to com- municate with spirits, but are afforded the advantages of study, as each sea- son classes are formed for the instruc- tion of languages, music, elocution and Delsarte, with a course of lectures. The social side of life at this resort is by no means dull. Between fishing, boating and bathing, card parties, thratricals and the regular Wednesday and Saturday night hops, bringing as it always does many happy young people from surrounding places. Sun- day is the day of all days for crowds. Loads of excursionists by rail and by wagon pour into the camp from distant towns and villages; and near-by farm- ers hitch up and bring their families. The financial condition of the Casada- ga Lake Free Association is both pros- perous and promising. The running ex- penses are met by the 15 cent entrance fee and daily tax of 10 cents upon all guests upon the grounds. Besides hotel accommodations many of the cottagers take boarders. It is a beau- tiful. spot among the Chautauqua hills and its altitude is nearly 300 feet above Lake Erie, so that, although one is not of their peculiar belief, it is still a sat- isfactory place for a summer outing. I/inwood Avenue. — A beautiful avenue 99 feet wide and one and one- third miles long. It begins at 41 North Street and runs north to 923 W. Del- .avan Avenue. This vicinity is one of the aristocratic neighborhoods, having many attractive homes. I/ive Stock Markets. — Buffalo is one of the greatest live stock markets in the world. It is the second largest cattle market, the largest sheep mar- LOC— LUT 84 ket and one of the largest horse mar- kets. One hundred thousand carloads of live stock come into Buffalo every year. Every day in the year the live stock received in Buffalo would make a procession, ten abreast, five miles long. The following shows the growth of live stock trade since 1857: Year. Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, Horses, head. head. head. head. 1895. . 795, 8so 3,983,616 2,685,700 96,500 1894. . 842,400 4,880,500 3,092,200 79,410 1893. . 839,140 5,803,070 2,500,854 72,320 1892. . 995,980 4,825,350 2,583,000 71,500 1891. . 981,060 5,657,850 2,450,800 74,000 1890.1,061,131 5,603,540 2,433,000 75,354 1889. . 898,149 3,966,560 2,434,800 59,033 1888. . 769,420 3.508,375 2,242,400 5,418 1887. . 568,140 3,071,305 2,101, 800 42,570 1877. . 569,915 1,128,770 763.600 12,557 1867. . 257,872 239,943 697,440 3,454 1857. . 108,203 117,168 307.549 268 STOCK SLAUGHTERED. The number of head of cattle, hogs and sheep slaughtered in the city for the last ten years is as follows, as esti- mated from the most reliable sources available : Year. Cattle, Hogs, Sheep, head. head. head. 1895 69,080 1,437,120 1,041,000 1894 78,260 761,340 729,175 1893 76,800 1,368,036 479,960 1892 66,586 691,500 658,800 1891 77,440 657,605 350,000 1890 133,722 1,751,640 842,000 1889 66,500 1,894,785 790,000 1888 60,500 977,875 674,600 1887 56,080 970,250 567,000 1886 46,223 921,840 328,600 Note — In estimating numbers allow 125 hogs or 200 sheep or 20 cattle to a carload. I^ockport. — A city of about 30,000 inhabitants, 25 miles from Buffalo, on the Erie Canal, N. Y. C. & H. R„ andN. Y., L. E. & W. rail- ways. Engaged in manufacturing with water power, and stone quarry- ing. Fruit and agricultural district. l/ost Property. — (See Abandoned and lost property). I/Utnber Exchange. — B u ff a 1 o Lumber Exchange was organized in 1880, for the discussion and protection of lumber interests Meetings are sub- ject to the call of the president, and are held in the Merchants^ Exchange. I/Utheran Churches. — The fol- lowing in Buffalo are located as given : Calvary English Evangelical Lutheran Congregation, Ellicott, corner Dodge Street. Concordia German Lutheran, Northampton, near Jefferson Street. Church of the Redeemer, Eng- lish Lutheran, corner Elmwood and Highland Avenues. Eagle Street English Luth- eran Church^ Eagle Street, west of Jefferson. English Evangelical Church OF the Holy Trinity, 476 Ellicott Street. Evangelical Lutheran St. John's, Hickory, between Broadway and William Streets. Evangelical Lutheran St. Paul's, Scoville Avenue. Evangelical Lutheran Emmaus, Southampton, near Jefferson Street. First German and English Evangelical Lutheran, Genesee Street, corner Rohr. German Evangelical Lutheran Christ's, 704 Broadway. First German Evangelical Lutheran Trinity, Michigan Street, between Sycamore and Genesee. German Evangelical Lutheran St. Andrews, Peckham, corner Sher- man Street, German Evangelical Lutheran Grace, corner Carlton and Rose Streets. German Lutheran Trinity, cor ner Goodell and Maple Streets. Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Church, Spring Street, near Broadway. Zion's English Lutheran, meets at G. A. R. Assembly Rooms, West Ferry, near Grant Street. I/Utheran Young Men's Asso- ciation. — This association, at 665 Michigan Street, was organized in 1873, and has a present membership of no. There are 3,500 volumes in the library, of both English and Ger- man literature. The library is open Tuesday and Thursday evenings, from 8 to 10.30 p. M. Main Street. — The principal business street of the city, beginning at the Buffalo River and running north to the city line, a distance of six and one-half miles. The street is 99 feet wide and is paved with asphalt. From the river to Tupper Street, is an almost unbroken line of business establish- ments, but be3'Ond Tupper to Cold Springs are many fine residences. The most important buildings upon this street have been mentioned under their own head. A few of the fine buildings are : Manufacturers' and Traders' Bank, corner Main' and Seneca Streets; Bank of Buffalo, N. W. corner of Main and Seneca Streets; W. H, Glenny, Sons, & Co., 251-257 Main Street; WiUiam Hengerer Co., 256-268; Ellicott Square, between Swan and South Division Streets, opposite which is the White Building; Erie County Bank Building, corner of Niagara Street; Hotel Iroquois, corner of Eagle Street; American Block, 396-402 ; Mooney - Brisbane Building, corner Clinton Street; German Insurance Building, corner of Lafayette Street; Pierce's Invalids' Hotel, between Chippewa and Tupper Streets; Music Hall, corner of Edward Street; St. Louis Church, N. W. cor. of Edward Street; German - American Brewery, corner High Street; St. Vincent's Orphan Assylum, corner of Riley Street; Markeen, 85 LUT— MAR corner Utica Street; Rung Bros., corner Glenwood Avenue; Home of the Friendless at 1500 Main, Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, near Masten Street; Providence Re- treat, near Humboldt Parkway; County Alms House and Hospital, at city line. Mansion House. — Corner of Main and Exchange Streets. A brick build- ing six stories high, having 244 rooms for the accommodation of guests. This house, being convenient to the depots is largely patronized by travel- ing men and transients. Rates per day $2.50 and upward. Marine Hospital. — The office of this hospital is located in room 25, Post-Off ice Building, Washington corner Seneca Street. This hospital furnishes relief for sick seaman on the lakes. The doctors in charge examine all applications for the position of pilot, and see if they are color blind ; also examines all applications for the Life-Saving service and all persons applying for appointment in the U. S. Cutter service. The first of every year bids are asked for from the different city hospitals; with the lowest bidder a contract is then made, and all the sick seamen are sent to the hospital contracted with. The surgeon in charge being a regular appointed officer of the service. At present all patients are sent to the Sisters of Charity Hospital, 1823 Main Street. Markets. — Elk Street. — Elk, Perry and Market Streets. Washington. — Washington, Chip- pewa and Ellicott Streets. Clinton. — Clinton, William and Bennett Streets. Broadway. — Broadway, east of Fillmore Avenue. MAS— MER 86 Masonic Board of Relief.— Meets the third Saturdays in January, April, July and October, in Masonic Temple on Niagara Street. The Board is made up of a committee appointed by the different lodges of Western New York, who have the power to assist any destitute mason of Buffalo or other city, who may apply to them for aid. Masonic Temple. — This building is situated at 43 Niagara Street, less than two blocks from Main. The Temple was erected in 1890-91 and is eight stories high, built of brick and stone, the entire cost being I165.000. It was dedicated in January, 1892, All but three Masonic orders in the city hold meetings in this temple. (See Freemasons.) Mayor's Department. — The Mayor's Department consists of the Mayor whose salary is $5,000 per an- num, the secretary to mayor at $2,000, a license clerk, a stenographer and a detective and messenger. The Mayor is the executive head of the city and its legal representative in all processes of law. etc. "He does not direct legis- lation, but is vested with a veto power. His annual message is presented to the Common Council in January of each year. His offices are in the City Hall. Medical Colleges, Societies and Associations. — University of Buffalo, High Street, near Main. Buffalo Coll-ege of Pharmacy, (a department of University of Buffalo) High Street, near Main. Department of Dentistry (Uni- versity of Buffalo) High Street, near Main. Directory for Nurses (University of Buffalo.) Niagara University, 295 Ellicott Street. Alumni Association of the Medical Department of the Uni- versity of Buffalo- Alumni Association of the Med- ical Department of Niagara Uni- versity. Alumni Association of the De- partment OF Pharmacy. (University of Buffalo.) Board of Pension Surgeons for the United States, meetings each Wednesday at 10 a. m. Office 258 Franklin Street. Buffalo Academy of Medicine, Organized July 16, 1845, meets reg- ularly on the first Tuesday of each month at hall over 7 West Mohawk. The Medical Club, meets alternate Wednesday evenings. Medical Union, meets third Tues- day of each month. The Buffalo Obstetrical Soci- ety, meets fourth Tuesdays, monthly, at homes of members. Erie County Medical Society, meetings held in January, annually. Erie County Pharmaceutical Association, Organized in 1881. Erie County Board of Phar^ MACY, meets monthly in Niagara Uni- versity Building, Ellicott Street, near Broadway. The Homeopathic Medical So- ciety OF Erie County, meets an- nually. The Homeopathic Medical So- ciety oiF Western New York, meets quarterly, in April, July, October and January. Merchants' Exchange. — The Bufitalo Merchants' Exchange, organ- ized in 1882. is one of the import- ant things Buffalo is justly proud of. , The imposing brick building which the Exchange now occupies, owned by the Board of Trade share- holders, was completed in 1883. It is MASONIC TEMPLE Book-binding .. OF EVERY DESCRIPTION CAREFULLY DONE AT THE LOWEST PRICES. SPECIAL OFFERS MADE TO SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES ON . . QUANTITIES Magazine Binding .. IN ANY STYLE TO MATCH OLDER VOLUMES. MISSING NUMBERS FOUND Blank Books .. WE MANUFACTURE ALL KINDS OF BLANK BOOKS FROM THE LARGEST BANK LEDGERS TO THE SMALLEST PASS BOOKS. BY HAVING YOUR BOOKS MADE TO ORDER YOU CAN- NOT ONLY GET BETTER MATERIAL BUT HAVE ANY SPECIAL RULING REQUIRED .... The Peter Paul Book Company 420 Main Street, Buffalo situated at Seneca and Pearl Streets, is eight stories high, besides the base- ment with offices practically as good as some of those above. The build- ing is fire-proof, contains all modern improvements, has two passenger ele- vators, and eighty-one offices, besides the Exchange floor ; the building and land cost about 1300,000. The object of the Merchants' Exchange is to ob- tain and circulate valuable information concerning commerce, especially that of the city, to encourage wise treat- ment of handling or storing produce and merchandise, transportations, etc., as may seem best for the prosperity of Buffalo. The library and reading room is excellent. In addition to several hundred volumes on the lib- rary shelves, there are atlases, maps and most of the trade journals. Any person interested may become a mem- ber on recommendation of two mem- bers to the Floor Committee, subject to election by the Trustees, and pay- ment of fees. The membership is large and includes all classes of busi- ness men. The following are the standing committees : Finance, rooms and fixtures, floor arbitration, refer- ence, by-laws, transportation, freight bureau, real estate, general informa- tion, lumber, coal, oil, live stock, provisions, hay, groceries and pro- duce, flour and grain inspection, grain, call board, introduction, met- eorological, postal, harbor and canal improvement, banking and money, railway street, crossings at grade.- The Exchange has a gratuity fund controlled by five trustees and the secretary. Regular meetings of tTie Exchange Trustees, second Thursday in each month .^t 3.30 o'clock" P. m. Regular meetings of Gratuity. Fund Trustees, second Wednes'day in eacb mouth, at .noon. Other committee meetings subject to call of chairman. 87 MES-MET Messenger Service. — There are companies who, for a fixed charge per month, will place a box in your house or office, by means of which you can summon at will a messenger boy, who wears a uniform and will execute any commission you may desire. These boxes for calling messengers may always be found in any of the first- class hotels, and are handy for the sending of notes, invitations, carrying of parcels and purchase of tickets when a tedious wait at the box office is necessary. The charge for boys by the hour is 20 cents, but when hired by the day, 15 cents per hour. The vari- ous companies furnish boys to distri- bute circulars in large quantities. Methodist episcopal Church- es and Missions.— AsBURY.— Pearl Street corner Chippewa. Central Park. — Parker Avenue near Amherst. Delaware Avenue. — Delaware Avenue corner Tupper. First German. — 179 Mortimer St. Second German. — East, between Hamilton and Austin Streets. Third German. — Northampton Street corner Masten. Glenwood. — 1434 and 1436 Main Street. Grace. — Michigan Street between North and South Division. Hampshire Street.— Harnpshire Street corner Normal Avenue. Kenmore. — Kenmore AvenUQ cor- ner Delaware. Kensington. ^^_ Marigold Aveaue corner Shawnee. Lovejoy St^^'eet.— Lovejoy Sfreet near Bailey Avciiue. - - - * ;- - Metcalf Street. — Mejicalf Street near William. _ Ontario Street. — Ontario Street corner Tonawanda. MIC— MOD PlYxMOUth. — Jersey Street corner Plymouth Avenue. Richmond Avenue. — Richmond Avenue corner West Ferry Street. Ripley Memorial. — 326 Dearborn Street. Riverside. — Bird Avenue corner West. Sentinel. — Howard Street corner Monroe. St. Mark's. — Elk Street near Ham- burg. Seneca Street. — Seneca corner Imson. Sumner Avenue. — Sumner Avenue near Walden. WooDSiDE. — Abbott Road, near Cazenovia. First African. — (Colored) Vine Street near Oak. missions. Abbott Road. — Abbott Road cor- ner Smith Street. Care St. Mark's Church. Clinton Street (Sunday School Mission) — Care Seneca Street Church. Epworth Chapel (Sunday School Mission) — 676 Genesee. Care Dela- ware Avenue Church League. Michigan Street. — A long street east of Main, iimning north from the lake to 1619 Main Street. From the river to Tupper Street it is essenti- ally a business street, with some board- ing houses interspersed. Beyond Tupper, on the hill, there are many neat attractive homes. Microscopical Club. — A branch of the. Society of Natural Sciences. The Club^ has 125 members and holds meetings on the second Monday of each month, in the Buffalo Library and Art Building, Natural Science Lecture Room. Military Affairs. — Probably Buffalo can hold its own with any city \ of its size as regards its Military affairs. Soldiers in uniform are always visible upon the streets, as a United ^ States Army (13th Infantry), is stationed at Fort Porter. Other organizations are the Seventy-Fourth Regiment, having eight companies and numbering in all 514 men ; with headquarters in the Armory, j corner of Virginia Street and Elm- wood Avenue ; Sixty-fifth Regiment, eight companies, entire regiment 500 men, with headquarters in the N Y State Arsenal, Broadway, cor. 1 of Potter. A considerable body of thoroughly drilled and equipped militiamen can readily be summoned to put down a riot or meet any other I emergency, when police service is inadequate. Buffalo regiments have done good service during large and prolonged strikes, protecting life and property in a valorous manner as befits the soldier. The two regi- ments usually march on Memorial Day ; and must liold themselves in readiness to turn out for dress parade, subject to the order of the Colonel. In addition to State military men, Buffalo has a cavalry troop which is an independent organization. Milling.— (See Flour Mills). Mooney and Brisbane Building-. — Erected in 1895 on the site occupied formally by the meniorable old Arcade, at the corner of Main and Clinton Streets It is one of the finest mer- cantile and office buildings in The city. Tlie style of architecture followed, with admirable effect, is the- classic Renaissance, For the construction there was used over 2,000 tons of iron and steel, about 3,000.000 bricl>s, 200,000 square feet fire-proof floor arching, and nearly 100,000 square feet of fire-proof partitions, besides an enormous quantity of building stone, THE TOWER OF THE D. S. Morgan Building ^S one of the interesting points in Buffalo for tourists to visit* (© From this Tower^ which is the higfhest point in Buffalo, may be had a view of the City of Buffalo, its Harbor, Lake Erie, and in clear weather, Nia§:ara Falls* The Tower is open daily after 9 A* M*, is reached by elevator from the g^round floor and is centrally located* ^(Sb Cbe D. $♦ morgan BUildrng is one of the handsomest and best appointed office buildin§;s in America and is worth inspecting;* Offices for rent, prices ranging; from $ J 9.00 up* Apply to D* $♦ HtOrgait $ Co., Room 307 for particulars* (^(^The buildingf is occupied by all classes of business and profes- sional people, including a Tir$t--Cla$$ Barber $bOP on the Hth floor and an ClCgatlt CafC for ladies and gentlemen in the basement* School Books and School Supplies WE CARRY IN STOCK EVERYTHING REQUISITE FOR SCHOOL WORK AND CAN OFFER SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS TO TEACHERS AND SCHOOL BOARDS BOOKS FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES . . W W \lr THE PETER PAUL BOOK COMPANY D. S. MORGAN BUILDING 89 MON— MUN concrete, cut stone, terra cotta, cop- per, marble, etc. It has a frontage of i8o feet on Main and Washington Streets, and 200 feet on CHnton Street; is seven stories high, with heating, plumbing and electrical equipment of the latest improved arrangement. It has four iron, electro-bronze, dome- top elevators, each with a capacity to lift 10,000 pounds from basement to top story. The interior space is about 2.500,000 cubic feet. The first floor is 17 feet high, and so constructed that the entire floor can be used as one store, covering an area of about 32,000 square feet, or it can be subdivided in- to two, four, or eight stores, running through to Washington Street, with basements under the whole, 12 feet in the clear. The second floor is arranged for a grand "Bon Marche," consisting of 16 bazaars, each one 19 feet wide and 70 feet deep, and all fronting on a court 50 feet wide, which starts at the center of the Clinton Street side and extends south to the party line, being 180 feet long. This floor is a special feature of the building, as the court is heated in the winter and made a garden foyer with palms and plants. All the ofiices on the floors above look out into open air. There are 36 offices on each floor, each about 19x28 feet, and all except eight, face directly or indirectly upon the streets. Morgan Building. — The D. S. Morgan Building is a general office- building situated at the southwest corner of Niagara and Pearl Streets in the very business center of the city. The building has a height of 157 feet. An observatory tower extends 64 feet above the roof at the center of the building, giving a total height above the pavements of 221 feet. From this tower may be had the most extensive view obtainable of the city of Buffalo and surrounding country. The out- side of the dome is fitted with a large number of incandescent lamps, pro- ducing a beautiful effect, as they stand out brightly against the dark sky of night. The building has a frontage of 69 feet on Niagara Street, and a front- age of 55 feet on Pearl. It is built of gray brick and gray terra cotta ; is twelve stories high, with a vestibule entrance. The space in hall is divided by an Arcade passage on either side ; the floor is of marble mosaic, and four hydraulic elevators are conveniently in sight as you enter. The interrior halls and corridors are wainscoted as high as the windows, on all stories with white Italian marble, Tennessee mar- ble serving as a mopboard ; the wood used throughout the building is white oak. No oflfice building in the city has better light facilities. The manner in which Niagara, Pearl and Eagle Streets istersect each other in front of the building, forms a large open tri- angle. Windows of unusual size give tenants plenty of light, as well as op- portunity for view or display. The rear light court has an area of 2600 square feet, thus the light given rear offices is ample, while the office space in the basement under the sidewalk is lighted by special sidewalk lights. The heating, lighting and plumbing are all of the latest and most approved type. There are 156 offices altogether, and the building is absolutely fire- proof. Visitors may go into the tower of this building any day during the week upon payment of ten cents. Morgue. — A one-story brick build- ing on the Terrace near Church Street. It has 12 lockers, and bodies are kept from 12 to 15 days. When bodies are identified they are turned over to the claimant but cannot be removed from the morgue without a written consent from the coroner. Municipal Building. — Situated on Delaware Avenue near West Eagle Street and directly opposite the City MUN— MUS 90 Building. It was erected in 1889 by the city, to meet the crowded condition which then existed in the City Building'. In this building are located the Water Department, Commissioner of Public Buildings, Department of Public In- struction, Health Department and the Municipal Court. The building is three stories high, built of brick with stone trimmings. Municipal Ownership Ile. Niagara University — was first founded as a seminary ot learning in 1856, and has steadily increased in growth until it has now become an important educational institution. It is beautifully located on Niagara River, near the famous cataract, Niagara Falls, and offers excellent opportuni- ties for the education of joung men in the departments of art, theology and medicine. The Medical Department of the University is situated in Buffalo, at 203 Ellicott Street between Broad- way and Clinton. The College build- ing provides a large amphitheatre, two lecture halls, chemical laboratories, well-lighted and ventilated dissecting- room, reading-room and museum. This college of medicine also receives women upon the same conditions and terms as men. A separate dissecting room is provided for them, and all their special wants are suitably met. Regular course of lectures opens the latter part of September. This de- partment of the University was or- ganized in 1883. At the outset of its career it committed itself to the interests of higher medical education in the United States, and has main- tained its original position and pur- pose. This college exacts from all students on entrance, at least a good English education and an elementary knowledge of Latin, in adopting a graded system of study, and in making three annual courses of lectures ob- ligatory. Normal School.— The State Nor- mal and Training School stands upon a natural eminence in a quarter of the city which is very attractive. It is a brick building, three stories in height. It presents a front on Jersey Street of 164 feet, and on Normal Avenue, and Fourteenth Street each a front of 85 feet. It is situated on a campus containing NIA— NOR four and one-third acres, surrounded by stately elm trees and flowering shrubbery. A handsome, commodi- ous residence for the principal was erected on the campus two years ago, and the rooms in the school building formerly occupied by the principal and his family were thus available for school purposes. The school consists of two departments — a Normal or Training School and School of Practice. The purpose of the Normal or Training School is the preparation of students for the profession of teaching. The School of Practice is divided into ten grades in which the senior class of the Normal or Training School is given practical instruction in the art of teach- ing. There has been added recently a kindergarten where pupil-teachers instruct the children, under the super- vision of a capable critic. A fee of |io.oo a term is charged pupils in the kindergarten. North Buffalo. — That portion of the city lying beyond Black Rock, ou the north and northwest. Has stations on the Falls division of the Central and Erie railroads. A number of manu- facturies are located in this district ; it also promises to be an important resi- dent portion ot the city. North Buffalo Catholic Associ- ation I/ibrary. — Is located at the corner of Dearborn and Amherst Sts. Was incorporated in 1888, and has 208 members. The reading rooms are open every evening and Sunday after- noons. Annual dues are : gentlemen, $2.00 ; ladies, 50 cents. North Street. — A long street, run- ning east and west, paved with asphalt. From Delaware Ave. to the Circle, is a beautiful and fashionable resident por- tion of the city. Many elegant homes occupied by old established families of Buffalo are upon this street. Thus far the west end of this street has not been ODD— OFF 96 encroached by business, and Buffalo- nians are partial to it when driving, as it leads into both Richmond and Delaware Avenues, the two main entrances to the Park, Nurses. — There is a great demand for trained nurses in a large city like Buffalo, and to meet this need a number of training-schools have been established for the purpose of edu- cating women for that business. The University of Buffalo, 24 High Street, has a directory for nurses, and where male and female nurses may be obtained for all cases at any hour of the day or night. Most of the large hospitals also send out nurses when desired. The average fees range from I15.00 to I20.00 per week according to the case. Other capable nurses may be had for from $10.00 to $15.00, most physicians having the names of such on their books which they will recom- mend to patients. Odd Fellows. — There are about 10,000 Odd Fellows in the city, with the principal place of meeting in the German Insurance building. The va- rious lodges meet as follows : Niagara. Streets, Buffalo, Streets, Main and Lafayette Main and Lafayette Red Jacket. — Main and Lafayette Streets. CAZEiSfOviA. — Seneca Street, South Buffalo, Commodore Perry, — 443 Seneca Street, Idlewood, — 212 Jefferson Street, Walhalla. — 249 Genesee Street. Odin, — 571 Michigan Street. Concordia. — Corner Michigan and Cypress Streets. German Bundes. — 696 Michigan Street, Oriental, — Corner Michigan and Cypress Streets, East Buffalo. — Corner Clinton and Watson Streets, Lake Erie. —Corner Michigan and Cypress Streets. Morning Star. — 1232 Lovejoy St. HoBAH. — 1212 Clinton Street. Rheinland, — 1193 Broadway. New Era. — Corner Main and Swan Streets. North Buffalo. — Corner Niagara and Hamilton Streets. MizPAH. — 44 Breckenridge Street. Mystic Circle. — 373 Vermont St. Crescent. — Corner Main and Ferry Streets. Marine, — Main and Lafayette Sts, Northern Star, — Corner Clinton and Watson Streets. Mystic Star, — Broadway and Pratt Street. Bailey. — 1595 Broadway. Delta. — 563 William Street. Scajaquada. — Union Hall, corner Jefferson and Bristol Streets. Northern Light. — Walden and Fay Streets. Liberty. — Clinton and Oak Streets. Omega. — 145 High Street, Fidelity. — Broadway and Pratt Streets. Trinity. — 2351 Main Street, Eastern Star. — 990 Genesee St. Alpha. — 1222 Jefferson Street. Benevolent, — 1213 Genesee St, Office Buildings. — Agency- Building. — 42 and 44 Niagara Street. Austin Fire Proof Building. — 1 10 Franklin, corner West Eagle Street. ,..^w^s; < w X iiju. — txi-c „j-i'^' WE CARRY A COMPLETE . LINE OF . Mercantile Stationery FILING OUTFITS FILING CASES DUPLICATING PROCESSES DESK FURNISHINGS BLANK BOOKS LETTER PRESSES LETTER BOOKS WASTE BASKETS TYPEWRITER SUPPLIES TYPEWRITER PAPERS LAW BLANKS Etc., Etc. The Peter Paul Book Company 420 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO Builders' Exchange. — Court Street, corner Pearl. Chapin Block. — West Swan, be- tween Main and Pearl Streets. Coal and Iron Exchange Build- ing. — 255, 257 and 259 Washington Street. Dun Building, The. — no and 112 Pearl Street. Ellicott Square Building. — Main, Swan, Washington and South Division Streets. Erie County Bank Building. — Main, Niagara, Church and Pearl Sts. Exchange Buidling. — 196 to 202 Main Street. FoRNES Building. — Court, corner Pearl Street. German Insurance Company Building. — Main, corner Lafayette. Guaranty Building. — Southwest corner Pearl and Church Streets. Hayen Building. — Main, corner West Seneca Street. KiNGSLEY Building. — 119-121 Franklin, corner Express Street. Law Exchange. — Niagara, corner West Eagle Street. Market Arcade. — 615 Main Street. Mohawk Office Building. — Main, corner East Mohawk Street. Mooney & Brisbane Building.— Corners Main, Clinton and Washing- ton Streets. Morgan Building. — 534 and 536 Main Street. Morgan (D. S.) Building. — Niag- ara, corner Pearl Street. Niagara Building. — 37 and 39 Niagara Street. Stafford Building. — Northwest corner Pearl and Church Streets. Tucker Building. — 37 and 39 Court Street. 97 OLD— ORD Old German Society. — This Society was formerly called the " Old Folks' Association," and was organ- ized in 1869. The Society was re- organized in 1888 under its present name. It has 125 members and holds meetings annually in the month of January, in the German Insurance Building, corner of Main and Lafayette Streets. Ohio Basin. — Between Wabash and Louisiana Streets, just north of Buffalo Creek. From this basin runs the Ohio Basin slip which connects with Hamburg Canal. Order of Chosen Friends. — Erie Council No. 23. — Every first and third Wednesday evenings at Hesper Parlors, I3>^ East Swan St. Buffalo Council No. 53. — Every Thursday evening at Vox's Hall, 606 William Street. Summer Council No. 65. — Mon- day evenings at hall, 1593 Broadway. Family Council No. 90. — Wednes- days at 435 Seneca Street. Eagle Council No. ioi. — Alter- nate Friday evenings at hall, 412 South Division Street. Clark Council No. 103. — Second and fourth Mondays, monthly, at hall, 373 Vermont Street. Hydraulic Council No. 104. — Second and fourth Wednesday even- ings, corner Seneca and Van Renssel- aer Streets. Or den der Preiheit. — Lodges all meet at Sticht's Hall, Ellicott corner East Huron Street, as follows (except Schiller No. 5 and Hiller No. 12): Grand Lodge. — Every first Sunday in February, May, August and November. Harmonia Degree Lodge No. i. — Every third Sunday. ORD— PAL 98 Kossuth No. i. — Every second and fourth Tuesday Evenings. Washington No. 4. — Every first and third Wednesday Evenings. Schiller No. 5. — Every first and third Thursday Evenings, at hall, Broadway corner Adams Street. Lincoln No. 7. — Every second and fourth Saturday Evening. HiLLER No. 12. — Every second and fourth Monday Evening, at hall, Howard corner Watson Street. Order of United Friends.— The following Councils meet as follows : Pioneer No. 2. — First, third and fifth Thursdays at Steingoetter Hall, Michigan, corner WiUiam Street. Columbia No. 17. — First and third Thursdays at hall, over 7 West Mo- hawk Street. Arundel No. 35. — Second and fourth Tuesdays at Hesper Hall, 12,}4 Swan Street. Buffalo No. 82. — Second and fourth Thursdays at hall, 1530 Main Street. Benjamin Fitch No. 16. — Second and fourth Tuesday evenings at 48 West Eagle Street. Victory No. 145. — Second and fourth Mondays at 249 Genesee Street. Genesee No. 156. — First and third Saturdays, Sycamore Street corner Jefferson. Niagara No. 238. — Every first, third and fifth Mondays at hall, 145 High Street. Circle No. 244. — First and third Tuesdays, over 373 Vermont Street. Lake Erie No. 267. — Second and fourth Mondays at hall, over 246 Syca- more Street. East Buffalo" No. 281. — Second and fourth Saturdays at hall^ 668 Wil- liam Street. Wide Awake No. 301. — Second and fourth Wednesdays, High Street corner Jefferson. Red Jacket No. 344. — Second and fourth Tuesdays, over 712 Swan Street. Walhalla No. 350. — Second and fourth Saturdays at Yox's Hall, 114 Howard Street corner Watson. Orphan Asylums. — The Buffa- lo Orphan Asylum. — 403 Virginia Street. The Catholic Protectory (In- corporated). — Situated in West Sene- ca near the city line. Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Orphan Home (Incorporated April 14, 1865). — Located at 280 Hick- ory Street for girls, and at Sulphur Springs for boys. Fitch Creche. — 159 Swan Street. German Roman Catholic Or- phan Asylum. — Best Street near Fox. St. Joseph's Boys' Orphan Asy- lum. — Limestone Hill. St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum. — 1313 Main Street. Orpheus, Buffalo. — This singing society was organized October 7, 1869. It has 85 active members (male chorus) and 915 passive members, making in all the limited number of 1,000. It maintains each year a series of entertainments, including three season concerts and the annual bal - masque. All meetings, rehearsals, annual and board meetings are held at the club rooms, corner Main and High Streets. The annual dues are $10.00, the initia- tion fee also $10.00. Palace Arcade. — Main Street, above Chippewa. It was erected in 1892, and is built of buff" brick with white terra cotta trimmings, and is three stories high. The building con- tains ninety-four stores and offices. The lower floor has twenty-eight small 99 PAR shops, many of which are used as bazars. The upper floors have very convenient and well-lighted offices. Through the center of the building runs the large entrance or arcade, connecting Main and Washington Streets, through which pass daily a multitude of persons. Parade. — (See Parks.) . Parks. — The park system covers a total of 718^ acres. There are in all six parks in the city, Park Lake per- haps being the most popular place of resort. It is a beautiful park, cover- ing 362 acres, in the center of which is a charming little lake, where row- boats may be rented or passage taken on one of the launches, which carry about twelve persons. The park meadow takes up 133 acres and has an outside circuit drive of 9,800 feet. There is also ground set aside for pic- nic purposes. The park police main- tain perfect order and cleanliness at all times, and the result is that the park is constantly filled with visitors who appreciate pure air and the glories of nature in her bloom. The "Front," another handsome park, with the main approach on Porter Avenue, covers 47 acres, and while not large, is suffi- ciently attractive to draw thousands of people on summer evenings. The parade is on a high bluff, fronting the river, and the prospect therefore is grand. There is a fine plaza, where cricket, football games and other pop- ular sports are played. To the north of the '"Front " is Fort Porter, a mili- tary post. Visitors are allowed to walk or drive the entire circuit of the grounds, but are not permitted to make "short cuts" through the pri- vate grounds of the officers, or to drive through the guard-house entrance. The Parade is another very popular place, located on Best Street, near Genesee, and covers fifty-six acres. There is a 2:ood restaurant, the Parade House, which is much fre- quented by people living on the East Side. The other parks are : South Park, located in the southern portion of the city, adjacent to Lime- stone Hill, and may be reached by the Hamburg Electric Railway, which connects with the Seneca and Elk Street cars. It has 155 acres. Caze- novia Park, located on Abbott Road and Cazenovia Street, has 76 acres and is reached by the Seneca Street cars. Cazenovia Creek passes directly through this park. Stony Point is a small park, 22^ acres, located on the lake front, directly west from South Park, with which it is connected by the Ridge Road boulevard. The Niagara Falls boulevard is also a part of the park system. The botanical planting in Park Lake and the "Front" are especially beautiful ; the drives are of stone and gravel rolled hard and smooth, and in most of the parks there are park houses, where light refreshments, such as ice cream and cake, or sandwiches, may be bought. In every respect Buffalo's park system is fine. From June 15 to September 15th forty band concerts are given in the evenings by the members of the bands of the two Buffalo regiments of the National Guard of the State. About a third of these are given at the Park Boathouse, and the others at the " Front," the Parade and Bennett Place. The attendance throughout is remarkably good, the crowds at the Boathouse and at Bennett Place usu- ally being far too large for the available concourse spaces. Five hundred new benches were bought last season for the use of those who could find sit- ting room. Except at the Parade, temporary raised platforms are ar- ranged for the proper placing of the members of the band. Parkside. — A portion of land lying north of the Park, between Elmwood PAV— PEN I03 Avenue and Main Street.. It may be readily reached by the street railway or Belt Line, and is one of the new residence districts. Pavements. — Buffalo is the best paved city in the world. It has over 200 miles of asphalt, or more than Paris and London put together. Smooth pavements in Buffalo- are no longer an experiment. They have been tried here, and some are in a good state of preservation which have stood the wear of continuous traffic for many years. The fewer inter- stices there are in a street surface, the fewer angles there will be where dis- ease germs may lodge ; the smoother and more even the surface, the more readily it may be kept clean. In an- swer to many queries from without, it may be said that the Barber Asphalt Paving Company has laid altogether 2,813,111 square yards, or an estimated 85 per cent of all smooth pavements on Buffalo streets, the first laid by it being on Bryant Street and Linwood Avenue, in 1882. Paving work is done by majority petition of property own- ers, whose preference in regard to material desired is always specified. Pawnbrokers. — There are a large number in Buffalo, ten of which are well-known. The cost of licenses for pawnbrokers is I250 per year. All goods pawned are held four months, or the length of time may be greatly extended if parties pay interest on goods when the appointed time ex- pires. The police have the right at any time to look over the books of all pawnbrokers. The interest charged varies according to the value of articles pawned or amount drawn. The high- class brokers lend mone}', principally upon jewels and are more or less dealers in diamonds. Then there are the cheap concerns where clothes or anything of small value may be pawned, and even into these places occasionally, a jewel of some value finds its way. An entry of each article pawned must be kept and those brokers failing to observe the conditions under which a license is issued are liable to forfeit same and pay a heavy penalty. Pearl Street. — Begins at Erie Canal and Commercial Street, and runs north to 24 W. Tupper Street. On this street is located the Real Estate Exchange, Guaranty Building, Builders' Exchange and several other large structures. At the corner of Pearl and Mohawk Streets is the Star Theater, one of Buffalo's most popular play-houses, and in fact, the whole of Pearl Street, from the Terrace to Mohawk is a business local- ity, beyond this, there are numerous boarding houses and private residences. Pedagogy, School of. — This School was established by the Univers- ity of Buffalo in 1895. It furnishes facilities for advanced study of edu- cational problems, and its object is to train college and normal graduates and teachers of maturity, for positions as teachers in secondary schools, as training teachers, principals, and also superintendents of schools. Students are allowed to teach classes of children in any subject desired. Such in- struction is under the immediate supervision of the faculty and of com- petent teachers regularly employed in the School of Practice. The School has a well - organized and fully equipped Model School, at 146 Park Street. At present there are about 100 students in the School. Penitentiary, Brie County. — Erie County Penitentiary is located at the corner of Fifth and Pennsylvania Streets. There are 882 prisoners in it and of this number 68 are females. In the old building there are 517 cells, of this number 80 are for women. In the new building, erected in 1895 there lOI PHA— PIG are 299 cells. The entire building is of brick, two stories high covering a large space. Pharmacy, Buffalo College of. — This college is located on High Street near Main Street, and occupies an entirely new structure erected at a cost of |i5o,ooo, exclusive of fixtures and apparatus. It was established in response to the grow- ing demand for systematic instruction in pharmacy and closely related branches of study. It was created under the name of the Buffalo College of Pharmacy. The college was opened September 20, 1886 The degrees of Graduate in Pharmacy and Master of Pharmacy are conferred in accordance with a vote of the Council of the University upon the joint recommendation of the Faculty and the Board of Curators. Such recom- mendation is made upon evidence that the student is twenty-one years of age and of good moral character ; has had four years' practical experience where physicians' prescriptions are dispensed, which may include time spent at college ; has attended the Senior course of instruction in the college, including both lectures and laboratory work ; and has passed the required examinations in Pharmacy, Chemistry, Toxicology, Materia Medica, Botany, Microscopy, and Pharmacognosy. Phoenix Club (Hebrew). — Organ- ized in 1890. and has about 75 mem- bers. Meetings of the directors are held on the first Sunday of each month The club is open daily. It is a social club with quarters at 352 Franklin St. Photography. — Numerous photo- graphic studios of high repute are found throughout the city. Those of first rank are : Simson's, at 456 Main Street ; McMichael's, 365 Franklin St.; R. P. Bellsmith, 500 Main ; Aldrich & Otto. 306 Main ; Baker's, 139 Main, and Hall's studio, at 469 Virginia Street, which is the finest in the city. In addition to the above named there are many more excellent photo- graphers on Main, Genesee, and some of the uptown streets. Piano and Music Stores. — While there is only one piano factory in the city, that of C. Kurtzman & Co., at 526-536 Niagara Street, still there are agencies established in Buf- falo for the sale of nearly every piano which is manufactured. Denton, Cottier & Daniels, at 269 Main Street; George F. Hedge, Son & Co., 577 Main Street ; Edward Moeller, 24-26 W. Chippewa Street, and Charles H. Utley, 82 Pearl Street, are the princi- pal piano dealers and in their ware- rooms are displayed many superb specimens. The well known music stores are : Denton, Cottier & Daniels, 269 Main Street, who are also large dealers in all sorts of musical instruments; Fred- erick Knoll, 45 Niagara Street ; Otto C. Schugens, 13 East Genesee Street, and Max Wahle, at 172 Broadway. Picnic Grounds.— Are quite num- erous in and about Buffalo. The most popular place, however, is Park Lake, where, during the summer season, hardly a day passes that many family parties may not be seen enjoying a quiet outing. The "Front" is also much used for picnics, also the Parade and Bennett Park. In addition to these grounds, which are desirable in every sense, and conveniently reached by one or more lines of cars, there are near by groves, notably old Fort Erie, just across the River. Pigeon and Target Shooting in this city has become one of the most popular and leading sports in this part of the State, it being mostly conducted by the Buffalo Audobon Club at Buffa- lo Audobon Park, North Main Street, POL I02 although there are other clubs and grounds in different parts of the city where frequent sweepstakes and club shoots are held of both kinds. The leading shoots, such as State and In- ternational shoots, where purses and trophies are shot for, are governed by the Buffalo Audobon Club, at their own grounds when held in this city. Polacks — The Polack population of Buffalo is large and is made up prin- cipally of laborers. Many of them cannot speak the English language and are a people by themselves, form- ing a colony on the East Side, where there is a large market and number- less shops which they patronize for the various wares their needs require. Many of them own property and help support Polish charities. St. Adalbert's Polish church, corner Stanislaus Street and Rother Avenue has a large con- gregation. Police, Department of. — The Department of Police consists of a board of Police Commissioners, a police force and such clerks and em- ployees as are authorized by law. The Board of Police consists of the Mayor, ex-ofificio, who is president of the board, and two Commissioners of Police, but at no time shall there be two commissioners of police from the same political party. The police force consists of a superintendent of police, an assistant superintendent of police, two inspectors of police, a surgeon of police, a clerk of the board, captains of police, sergeants of police, detective sergeants of police, doormen of police, patrolmen, patrol wagon drivers, a superintendent of horses, and matrons. The city is divided into two inspection districts which are subdivided into thirteen precincts, the boundaries of which are fixed by the board. To each precinct are assigned one captain of police, three sergeants of police, three doormen of police, patrolmen in such number as the board may desig- nate, three patrol wagon drivers to the precincts to which patrol wagons are assigned, and one matron each to such precincts as the board may designate. The present numerical strength of the department consists of i mayor ex- officio commissioner, 2 commissioners of police, I superintendent of police, 1 assistant superintendent of police, 2 inspectors of police, i clerk of the board, i assistant clerk of the board, I stenographer, i clerk to the superin- tendent, I chief operator, i assistant chief operator, i surgeon of police, 13 captains of police, 39 sergeants of police, 39 doormen of police, 9 opera- tors, 15 detective sergeants, 494 patrol- men, I superintendent of horses, 21 patrol wagon drivers, 5 hostlers, 3 matrons, 13 janitresses, i laborer, i watchman, 2 engineers, 2 drivers of prison vans, i interpreter, i superin- tendent of electrical department, 3 linemen, i batteryman, 2 pilots patrol boat, 2 engineers patrol boat, 4 special patrolmen patrol boat, 3 justices to the police. Police Headquarters. — Is situ- ated on the triangle formed by the intersection of Franklin, Seneca, Erie Streets and the Terrace. The build- ing was erected in 1884, and contains the offices of the Superintendent of Police ; Excise and Police Com- missioners ; quarters of the city's detective force ; the first precinct station-house, and the offices of the City Poormaster. Besides the "rogues gallery" and "freezer", there is the Police Court, which is in session every day. Police Stations, I%^ rr :->ii^^ i B 1 « • rr ii^iiiNij^^^ nil If re 4) ^-g^U H STATE REAL ESTATE EXCHANGE I07 QUA— REA years each. One is elected by the city at large, two are appointed by the mayor, but said appointees cannot both be from the same political party. The department is subdivided into four bureaus, the officers and employ- ees of which are appointed by the Board of Public Works. The bureaus are as follows : Bureau of Engineering. — Hav- ing charge of the construction and re- pair of sewers, pavements, bridges, and sidewalks, locating and grading streets. The chief officer of this bu- reau is the Chief Engineer. Water Bureau. — Having charge of the construction and maintenance of all work pertaining to the Water Works. The chief officer of this bu- reau is the Water Superintendent. Bureau of Streets. — Having charge of the cleaning of streets, re- moval of garbage, keeping streets free from encroachment, cleaning sewers, inspection of gas and electric lights, and conduits of all kinds. The chief officer of this bureau is the Street Superintendent. Bureau of Building. — Having charge of the construction and repair of all buildings in the city. The chief officer of this bureau is the Superinten- dent of Public Buildings, with three inspectors, who shall be practical building mechanics of not less than five years' experience. The Board of Public Works may recommend any work to the Common Council with or without plans and specifications, and the Common Coun- cil may order the work done or may order plans and specifications furnished with or without estimates or bids from parties to do the same. The Common Council may order any work with or without recommendation of the Board of Public Works, but when so ordered a contract shall be made by the Board of Public Works except when the lat- ter is authorized to do the work itself. The Board may, on the order of the Common Council, enter into contract for not exceeding five years, for clean- ing the streets. No extension of the water works to be made except on recommendation of the Board. Quarantine.— The quarantine hospital is situated on East Ferry Street, near the Belt Line. It is a one story structure, built of brick, in the form of a T. Any person infected, or believed to be infected with a con- tagious disease entering the city, is at once placed in quarantine until all danger to public health be passed. The hospital is under the control of the Board of Health. Real instate ;Exchange,— situ- ated on the west side of Pearl Street, at the southwest corner of Express Street, and between Eagle and Court Streets, is a fire-proof office building, erected and owned by the Buffalo Real Estate Exchange. The building was completed in April, 1896, and is of brick and terra cotta. The main en- trance is imposing, being flanked by twelve white marble columns, sup- porting a richly decorated arch. This entrance is 32 feet high by 16 feet in width. The vestibule walls are mar- ble, the flooring of marble mosaic, and the ceiling of ornamental stucco-work. A telegraph and cigar stand of cast bronze, with plate glass and marble counters, are features of the main entrance hall. Broad steps on either side of the main entrance lead to The Exchange, an elegant and spacious room with beautiful arched ceiling, rising to the height of 35 feet, and supported by four massive marble col- unms at either end, while rich marble wainscoting, pillars and cornices add to the decorative effect of one of the finest Exchange Halls in the country. Here dealers in real estate meet daily RAI— RES io8 at the Change hour, and the Judicial sales of the city and county are held. Adjoining on the right, are the general offices of the Exchange Secretorial Department, Bureau of Information and Renting Bureau. A bicycle room in the basement provides every con- venience for the comfort of wheelmen. The interior finish of the building is Mexican mahogany and white quar- tered oak. Corridors and public parts are laid with mosaic and paneled with marble, and the office floors are pol- ished hard wood. There are 200 finely lighted and equipped offices in the building, having all the latest im- provements, and occupied by archi- tects, attorneys, real estate men and others. The fan system of heating and ventilating is in use, fresh air fil- tered and washed by sprays of water being forced over heated coils to all parts of the building, and the foul air withdrawn. In addition to this ex- cellent heating system, each office is equipped with a temperature regulator or thermostat, whereby the occupant by the simple movement of a thumb screw regulates the temperature of air in his own office at will. A bank of four rapid passenger elevators, con- veniently and accessably located so as to be seen distinctly from all parts of the main corridor furnishes com- munication with each floor. Railroads. — The first incorpora- tion of a company to build a railroad in Erie County, took place on the 14th day of April, 1832, when the Legisla- ture incorporated two companies, the Buffalo and Erie, to run to the state line ; and the Aurora and Buffalo Railroad ; neither of which were con- structed for several years. The first railroad actually built in the county was the Buffalo and Black Rock Rail- road, about three miles long. Horses only, were used. This road was in operation in 1834. The first road op- erated by steam power was the Buffalo and Niagara Falls, which was in active operation in 1836. Buffalo is now the terminus of 26 railroads, many of them among the most important in the world. 250 passenger trains enter and leave the city daily. There are over 600 miles of trackage in the city limits. Red Jacket Monument — (See Forest Lawn. Red Men, Improved Order of — This Order was organized January 9, 1884, and is a beneficial society but does not pay any insurance in case of death. In case of sickness, the society pays the family of its member 1:5.00 per week and in case of death pays from I50.00 to |ioo.oo for funeral expenses. The membership at present is about 2500. Republican I/cague. — With headquarters at 77 W. Eagle Street, opposite the City Hall, was organized in 1884 and has a membership of 820. The dues are |8.oo per year, paid quarterly, with an initiation fee of $3.00. Club-house open daily. Restaurants. — While there are a large number of small restaurants in the city, those of first importance can easily be named. The Delmonico at 246 Main Street, conducted on the European plan, is very popular with both ladies and gentlemen. This restaurant accommodates 120 persons for dinner. It also furnishes waiters for banquets or private parties. Another popular restaurant, especially with men, is the Almendinger Cafe, in the D. S. Morgan Building, corner of Pearl and Niagara Streets. The White Elephant, 356 Main Street, serves excellent meals and has always had a large patronage. INIaggs' at 12 Mohawk Street is a quiet restaurant desirable for ladies as well as gentle- men. There is also a well established restaurant in Music Hall. In addition ST. LOUIS CHURCH 109 RIC— ROM to these named there are numerous small lunch rooms where women may go for light refreshments when shop- ping ; of the latter class the Park Lunch - Parlor, on Lafayette Square ; and Blesch's, a French restaurant, in the Palace Arcade may be recom- mended. Richmond Avenue. — A beautiful street, beginning at the Circle and ex- tending north to 475 West Forest Av- enue. It is 99 feet wide, paved with asphalt and is one of the principal res- ident localities. It is a favorite route- in driving out to the park, and in winter is used as a speedway, where hundreds of fine horses are excercised by their owners or grooms. Riding. —The Buffalo Riding Acad- emy is one of the best known and most popular schools for horseman- ship in the city. It is situated at 240 West Utica Street and has a riding course 200 feet long by 100 feet wide. The Academy is open day and night, with evening classes and exercise rid- ing. A good knowledge of riding may be obtained in from 10 to 20 les- sons. Single lessons cost |r.oo ; by the term, $10.00 for 12 lessons. Lessons on the road are given by special ap- pointment and cost about double the sum of those given inside. Good rid- ing horses may always be hired for an afternoon's canter in the park for $1 for the first hour and 50 cents every consecutive hour. The other riding schools in the city are practically the same, except that they are smaller. Rogues' Gallery, — is in Police Headquarters, Franklin & Terrace. The gallery consists of pictures and records of notorious and desperate criminals. When the police secure such ofifenders, their photograph is taken, also height, weight and any rnark which may appear upon their person, together with the different names by which they have been known. The Buffalo gallery contains about 2.500 records of such persons. All pictures are numbered, the correspond- ing number in the book contains the record of the prisoner. Visitors are not admitted. Roman Catholic Churches. — St. Joseph's Cathedral. — Swan Street, corner Franklin, Church of the Annunciation. — Corner Bouck Avenue and Grant Street. Church of the Assumption. — 347 Amherst Street. Church of the Sacred Heart (German). — 690 Seneca Street. Church of the Seven. Dolors (German). — Genesee Street, corner Rich. Church of the Transfigura- tion. Holy Angels'. — Porter Avenue, near Fargo. Holy Name of Jesus.— 1505 Bailey Avenue, near Walden. Immaculate Conception. — 146 and 148 Edward Street. St. Adalbert's (Polish).— corner Stanislaus Street and Rother Avenue. St. Agnes (English and German). — Benzinger Street. St. Ann's (German). — Broadway, corner Emslie Street. St. Anthony of Padua (Italian). —Court Street, corner Morgan. St. Boniface (German). — Mul- berry Street, near Carlton. St. Bridget's.— Corner Louisiana and Fulton Streets. St. Casmir's (Polish). — Corner Clinton and Beer Streets. St. Columbkill.— 429 Eagle Street. St. Francis Xavier (German).— 157 East Street. ROO— ROW no St. John the Baptist. — Hertel Avenue, corner East Street. St John Kanty (Polish). — Corner Broadway and Swinborn. St. Joseph's (German). — Buffalo Plains, near Almshouse. St. Louis (French and German) — Main Street, corner Edward. St. Mary's (German).— Broadway, corner Pine Street. St. Michael's (German). — 651 Washington Street. St. Nicholas.— East Utica, corner Welker Street. St. Patrick's, — Seymour, near Emslie Street. St. Peter's (French). — Corner Washington and Clinton Streets. St. Stanislaus (Polish). — Corner Peckham and Townsend Streets. St. Stephen's. — Elk Street, near Smith. St. Vincent (German). — Main Street, near Humboldt Parkway. chapels. Chapel of the Blessed Sacra- ment. — 1025 Delaware Avenue. Chapel of the Deaf Mute Asy- lum. — 126 Edward Street. Chapel of the German Orphan Asylum. —Best Street, near Fox. Chapel of the Convent of the Good Shepherd.— 485 Best Street. Chapel of our Lady of Mercy. — On the Island. Chapel of Mount St. Joseph Convent.— Main Street and Hum- boldt Parkway. Chapel of the Providence Asy- lum for the Insane.— Main Street, near Humboldt Parkway. Chapel of St. Francis Asylum. — 337 Pine Street. Chapel of St Mary's Foundling and Lying-in-Hospital. — 126 Ed- ward Street. Chapel of St. Vincent Asylum. — 1 3 13 Main Street. Chapel of Working Boy's Home. — 35 Niagara Square. Roof Garden. — Situated on Main, corner of High Street. This garden is 120 feet long and 90 feet wide, one- half being closed in by sides of glass. The entire building is lighted by electricity. Flowers are arranged ar- tistically on the roof, and at night these are lighted by numerous small electric lights, and other fanciful forms are set with many-hued lights which give a fairyland effect to the scene. Here, in warm summer nights, one may sit and listen to the music, fanned by gentle breezes, upon which is wafted the odor of cigars. The ground floor of the building contains six bowling alleys, fine billiard room, restaurant, etc., while the Orpheus Society occupy a large portion of the other floors. A large hydraulic elevator runs to the roof. The cost of admission to the garden is fifteen cents. Thus the pub- lic is provided with a cheap, delightful resort during the summer season. Rowing' Clubs. — There are several such clubs in the city. West End, Jr., re-organized on April 15, 1895. The original West End Rowing Club was organized in 1884. The present or- ganization has an active membership of 68 and forty honorary members. The initiation fee is $2.00 and dues fifty cents per month, for five months, as no dues are payable during the winter. The Club owns six single boats, one double, five foui'-oar boats, one clinker and one eight-oar boat. Regattas are held during the season, some public, and others for the mem- bers only. The club-house is located at the foot of Ferry Street. Ill SAE— SAT Saengerbund Society.— Was or- ganized in 1853. The parlors of the Society are on the second floor of Music Hall, and are open ever)' even- ino' during the week, Sundays in- cluded. The regular meetings are held on the second Friday of each month. The Society has a member- ship of 350. The dues are 14.00 per year, with an initiation fee of $3.00. Three important concerts are given by the Society each year and a few small concerts during the season. Safe Deposit Companies, — are intended for securing perfect safety of valuables under guarantee. All com- panies have a perlect system of fire and burglar-proof vaults and keep special watchmen. Vaults may be rented by the year lor from $5 to $240 according to size. Leasee has free access to his vaults during banking hours. Deposit vaults may be found at the Buffalo Loan, Trust and Safe Deposit Company, 449 Main Street, and the Marine Bank, 220 Main Street. St. Andrew's Scottish Society. — This Society has 160 members and holds regular meetings on the second and fourth Mondays of every month at 551 Main Street. The Society has a uniformed branch called the Buffalo Gordon Highlanders, which meets on the first and third Mondays of each month. The dues are |2.oo per year, with an initiation fee of $1.00. St. Mary's Academy. — (see con- vents.) St. Joseph's Cathedral.— At the corner of Swan and Franklin Streets, is a magnificent piece of Gothic archi- tecture. It is built of stone, having two large towers, one unfinished (the north one). The corner-stone was laid in the fall of 1852, and in June, 1855, the Cathedral was ready for ded- ication. It has a carrillon of fortv- three bells, which were brought from Munich and exhibited in Paris, where they took the prize. The chime is the largest in America and the third larg- est in the world. The organ is a H and G, Hook & Hastings, exhibited at the Centennial Fair in Philadelphia, 1876. Salvation Army. — An active religious organization with headquart- ers on the third floor of the Stafford Building, Pearl corner of Church Street. The Buffalo Salvation Army was organized in 1886. At present the army contains 200 uniformed soldiers, and have six barracks. The Shelter, at III Commercial Street is under the management of the army, which does a work in the slums reached by no other charity. Every evening the army march through certain portions of the city and hold meetings on the street corners, which attracts large crowds. Saturn Club.— The Saturn Club was organized October 21, 1885, at a meeting called for the purpose, the intention being to start an informal whist club composed mainly of college men. Thirteen invitations were sent, and twelve men were present on the evening designated. At this meeting the name — the Saturn Club — was adopted, and the constitution and by- laws put in force, their cardinal princ- iples being " no treating, no gambling, and prompt payment of low dues." The limit of membership has been from time to time i n c re a s e d , and stands at present at 250, The total resident membership of the Club at this date is 239. The first meeting of the Club was held Saturday evening, October 31, 1885. On April 10, 1886, the Club moved to rooms built for them on the west side of the "Holland", 640 Main Street, and one year later, to house 331 Delaware Avenue. This was rented and the SAV— SEN 112 Club remained there until May i. 1889, when it moved to the house No. 393 Delaware Avenue, and remained there until December 13, 1893, when the Club House which it now occupies on the corner of Delaware and Edward Streets was completed. The cost of the house and lot now owned and occupied by the Club, exclusive of furnishing, was $30,000. The object of the Club is to provide for its members facilities for the attainment of such amusement as may be innocent and such profit as may not be financial. The initiation fee is I50.00 and the annual dues I32.00. By a provision of the consti- tution there can be no assessments. Savings, Aid and I/oan Asso- ciations. — The principal object of these associations is to afford to per- sons of moderate means, who may become members, a safe and thrifty method for profitable investment and gradual accumulation of small savings. Shares may be taken out, withdrawn, or loans made, increased, reduced, or paid up at any time. A standing rate of premium, graduated according to the length of time shares have been held, insuring equality and fair dealing is a matter of great importance. Div- idends declared quarterly upon an earned cash basis, credited on pass- books and paid in full on withdrawal. The following Savings and Loan Asso- ciations are the leading ones of the city: Erie, 39 Erie Street, corner of Pearl, organized 1884 ; Buffalo. 632-34 Ellicott Square, organized 1893; Irish- American, 13 West Swan Street, in- corporated 1884; Homestead, 19 West Mohawk Street, organized 1884; Free- hold, 810 Main Street, organized 1891. Scribblers, The. — A literary club organized in 1893, composed of auth- ors, newspaper women and others en- gaged in literary pursuits. There are fifty active, and many honorary mem- bers. The initiation fee is $s, the annual dues $2. All members are elected by ballot. The Scribblers have undertaken the great work of forming a Western New York Feder- ation of Women's Literary and Edu- cational Clubs — a task which was in a measure thrust upon them by the many vicinity clubs who felt the need of a closer companionship in this end of the State. The Club, having no regu- lar home of its own, meets the last Monday in each month, in the parlors of the Hotel Iroquois. Secret and Mutual Benefit So- cieties. — The purposes of these vari- ous societies are to foster and create fraternity among their members and to alleviate the conditions of such mem- bers as suffer misfortune. Many of the societies have endowment or ben- eficiary funds. Knights of Pythias. — Have over twenty lodges in the city. Knights of St. John and Malta. — Three lodges. Select Knights of America. — Eight lodges. Guard of Honor. — Open daily from 3 p. M. to 9.30 p. M. Knights of Honor — Four lodges. Knights of the Golden Eagle. — One lodge and meets every Monday evening. Knights of the Maccabees. — Twenty-one lodges. Ladies of the Maccabees. — Eleven lodges. Royal Arcanum. -Thirteen lodges. For time and places of meeting see City Directory. Many such organizations are men- tioned under their own head. Seminaries, Colleg-es and Acad- emies. (See Convents). — Buffalo Seminary. — Delaware Avenue corner Johnson Park. "3 SEN-SHE Canisius College. — 651 Washing- ton Street. College Preparatory Boarding AND Day School for Boys. — 129 College Street, Christ's Church School, — Fox Street near Broadway. Elmwood School. — 213 Bryant Street. Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church School. — 283 Hick- ory Street. First German Evangelical Lutheran Trinity School. — 623 Michigan Street. German Evangelical St. An- dreas School. — 73 Sherman Street. German Lutheran Trinity School. — Goodell St. corner Maple. Heathcote School, The. — 623 Delaware Avenue. Holy Angels Academy. — Porter Avenue corner Prospect. Holy Angels College. — Porter Avenue corner West. Martin Luther College. — 154 Maple Street. St. Joseph's Academy. — Main Street and Humboldt Parkway. St. Margaret's School. — 564 Franklin Street. St. Mary's Academy and Indus- trial School. — 74 Franklin Street. St. Peter's Evangelical School. — Genesee Street corner Hickory. The Nichols School, 33 Nor- wood Avenue. Seneca Street. — Beginning at 223 Main Street and extending east to the city line. Next in importance to Main Street as a business street. This street leads to West Seneca, Aurora, Lime- stone Hill, etc. Servants. — Housemaids, nursery- maids, cooks and girls for general housework may be obtained from any of the intelligence offices in the city, or by applying to the Charity Organ- ization. The average wage for a ser- vant doing general housework is from $2.50 to I4.00 per week ; cooks, I3 to $6. Coachmen who board themselves, I50 to $75 per month, when boarded, I40 to |6o. This applies to trained servants, or those having experience. Others may be found who make ex- cellent servants, for a lower wage, but they are chiefly Polack or German girls, requiring some patience to teach. Sewing Schools. — Sewing schools are maintained by the several benevo- lent and charitable institutions through- out the city. Classes meet once a week, when dress-making and all kinds of plain sewing are taught. The graded system, same as that used in the public schools, is followed. When a person enters a school she is taught the different simple rudiments of sew- ing, and advances step by step. Great interest is taken in women with fami- lies who desire to learn to sew, and material is furnished to make garments for such needy poor as are willing to make them. The schools are sup- ported by the churches and charitable people. The ladies teaching are all competent sewers and give their serv- ices gratis. Sheenwater. — A summer resort on the west side of Grand Island and near its northerly end. Sheriff's Office.— The sheriff of the county is elected by the people, and his term of office is three years. He cannot succeed himself. He is the officer of every Court of Record in his county and it is his duty to attend in person the sitting of every such court. He must also execute all pro- cess eminatingfrom a Court of Record. He also has charge of the Erie County jail. He receives from the county an SIL— SKA 114 annual salary of |5,ooo, which is in lieu of all services rendered the coun- ty. He is also entitled to statutory fees, for all services rendered, where such services are paid for by litigants. The sheriff's office is room 8, City Hall. Silver I/ake. — About 25 miles from Buffalo on the W. N. Y. & P. Railway. Much of the ice consumed in Buffalo is cut from this lake, and there are several very large ice houses for storage of same. Has also picnic grounds where many of the Sunday School outings are held. Silver Lake Assembly Grounds attract thousands of visitors annually. Sisters of Charity Hospital, — at 1823 Main Street is the oldest hospital in Buffalo, having been established in 1848. It was then situated on Main Street, near Virginia. In time this building became too small to accom- modate those seeking admission, and in 1876 the Sisters moved into their present building, which is a large, substantial, four-story brick structure, with basement, situated upon high ground surrounded by beautiful, broad lawns. It is a modern building with all the conveniences necessary for the comfort of its numerous patients, and has its own electric light plant. The completion of an elegant new wing will have made the buildings and ground cost about $250,000, and gives to the hospital 344 beds. During the cholera epidemic of 1849 there were admitted into this hospital previous to September ist, 136 such patients, 52 of whom died, and the reports for that year showed that 1,513 patients were admitted. This hospital has one of the best arranged and most complete surgical operating rooms in the world. This is one of the first hospitals in the United States, under the management of the Sisters of Charity to establish the custom of resident physicians and the first one under the Sisters' man- agement to establish a training school for nurses. The Emergency Hospital, at the corner of South Division and Michigan Streets, is a branch of this institution, intended for the reception of accident cases that occur in the city. Sisters of the Good Shepherd, — are located at 485 Best Street and were organized in 1857, the first Sisters coming from France to organize the Buffalo Order at that time. The pres- ent Order contains 57 professed Sis- ters. There is also a reformatory, formed in 1866, for w^ayward girls, sent there either by their parents, guardian or civil authority. It contains 46 girls. To the convent is attached a penitent Magdalene Society,composed of girls who go to the convent for a certain length of time. It also contains some 86 women. Skating. — This is a favorite winter pastime for the masses. Park Lake is open to the public free of charge, and skates may be rented for the afternoon or evening for 25 cents. The other skating resorts are : Elmwood Rink, which is the grounds of the Tennis Club, and located between West Ferry Street and Cleveland Avenue. A charge of 25 cents is made for entrance and every one must take their own skates. This unquestionably is the most select place to skate in the city. Crystal Rink, corner of West Ferry and Hoyt Streets, is a good place to skate. The charge for admission being 15 cents and skates may be rented for 15 cents. Chute Rink and Olympic Park comprise the regular skating grounds, although there is often excellent skat- ing in the harbor. Any Sunday when the weather permits, may be seen thousands of people on Park Lake, and as one stands on the bridge and views them from a distance, they ap- pear very much like a swarm of black 115 SOC— STA flies upon a ground of sugar. The crowd is often so dense that their movements are hardly perceptible, Society of Christian i^ndeavor. — This Society was organized in 1884. The assembly is composed of 43 sep- arate societies with a total member- ship of about 2500. Meetings of the Society are held quarterly in the different churches of the city. Soldiers and Sailors' Monu- ment. — This imposing monument, erected to the memory of fallen heroes, is one of the finest of the kind in the country. It is situated in Lafayette Square, on Main Street, between Clinton and Lafayette Streets. The whole credit of erecting this tribute to the dead heroes of our country, is due to the efforts of Buffalo women. The monument is eighty-five feet high and cost $50,000. When the corner-stone was laid, on July 4th, 1882, President Cleveland, who was then Mayor of Buffalo, took part in' the ceremony, and when the monument was unveiled on July 4th, 1884, as Governor of New York, he again participated. There are four statues on the base, each eight feet high, which are of bronze. The Goddess of Liberty on the top is ten and one-half feet high, of granite. Tw'o cannons are on the square, one facing Main Street, a British cannon, taken at Fort Erie after a desperate struggle, on September 17, 1814. The other faces Washington Street and is a relic of the war of 1812, found on the Niagara River at Black Rock. The square is laid out in a small but pretty park, whose bit of green in the city's busy thoroughfare is picturesque and in- viting to the many who stop to enjoy its beauty. In season, beds of many-hued foliage plants and bright blossoms, show the skill of landscape gardeners, while comfortable seats are provided for the accommodation of the public. Sons of St. George.— This uni- formed society was organized in 1882 and has now 250 members. In case of sickness, members receive $5 per week, and when a member dies, |ioo is paid over to his family. The Sons of St, George comprise three lodges : Queen City Lodge No. 102. — Meets second and fourth Mondays of each month, at MetropoHtan Hall, 551 Main Street. Frontier Lodge No. 109. — Meets first and third Thursdays of each month at Schultz's Hall, corner Dart Street and Forest Avenue. Niagara Lodge No. no. — Meets every alternate Wednesday, at Com- modore Perry parlors, 445 Seneca Street. Sons of the Revolution.— This Society was organized in 1893 and has about 60 members. The Society of the Sons of the Revolution is a non- political, non-partisan, non-secret or- ganization, composed of direct male descendants of ancestors, who in the army, navy, marine corps, or in official, state or government service, assisted in establishing American Independ- ence during the War of the Revolution. They celebrate Washington's birth- day, and anniversaries of prominent revolutionary events. The initiation fee is |io.oo ; annual dues, I5.00. South Park. — (See Parks,) Spiritualists. — There are a large number in Buffalo and vicinity, who form themselves into Societies and hold seances more or less regularly, usually selecting Sunday evenings. This sect recently built a brick church on Prospect Avenue, corner of Jesrsey Street. (See Lily Dale.) State Hospital. — The Buflfalo State Hospital is located on Forest Avenue, adjoining the North Park, and may be reached by the Elmwood STE ii6 Avenue cars. The corner stone was laid by Governor Hoffman in 1872. The administration building and the easterly wing were finished in 1880, and the westerly wing in 1895. The building is now finally completed in accordance with the original design. The administration building is hand- some and striking in design and in keeping with the high class of work of the architect, H. H. Richardson. The different wards are distinct, but con- nected by fireproof corridors, and in the matter of ventilation, light, com- fort and sanitary arrangement, are ad- mirably adapted for the purpose. The lawns and farm consist of 187 acres. A portion of the ground is used for farming purposes, but a large area is devoted to recreation grounds for the patients, walks, base ball and foot ball grounds, etc. The hospital has cost over $2,000,000. On May ist, 1896. there were in the hospital 1071 pa- tients. Visiting days are Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, from 2 to 5 p. M. Steamboats. — A number of fine steamers ply the waters of the lake and river to and from the various resorts. The White Line Excursion Company's beautiful and commodi- ous steamer Idlehour makes regu- larly two trips daily between Buffalo and Niagara Falls, on the American side connecting with the Niagara Falls and Lewiston Railroad (electric) through the historic Niagara gorge and the Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge Street Railway, For the com- fort and convenience of the patrons of this line, the spacious cabin of the steamer Idlehour has been converted into a cafe and dining room where lunches or meals will be served at all times. The White Line Excursion Company also run two boats daily and at regular intervals between Buffalo and Elm wood Beach. For time-table see daily papers. The Crystal Beach Company boats. Garden City, Pearl, and Gazelle, make regular daily trips during the season. Woodlawn Beach Company have two boats plying daily between Buffalo and Woodlawn Beach. All the above named boats leave their respective docks at the foot of Main Street, those going down the river usually stopping at Ferry Street. For various time-tables see the daily papers. Columbian Boat Line run two boats, Shrewsbury and William Harri- son, to Eldorado, Edge water and Ni- agara Falls, connecting with the elec- tric gorge road to Lewiston. Cleveland & Buffalo Transit Company, owning and operating the fine side-wheel steel steamers City of Buffalo (new), State of Ohio and State of New York, daily between Buffalo, Cleveland and Toledo. Northern Steamship Company. — This Company run two fine steam- ers, the North West and North Land, between Buffalo, Duluth and Chicago. passenger fares. BETWEEN BUFFALO AND Cleveland Detroit Mackinac Island Sault Ste. Marie , Duluth or West Superior. St. Paul or Minneapolis. . Chicago FIRST- CLASS. ONE ROUND WAY. TRIP. $ 3 00 $ 5 GO 5 00 9 GO 9 00 16 OG 10 00 18 GG 17 00 3G GG 19 GO 35 OG 12 50 23 00 SEC D CLASS ONE WAY. 5 2 50 3 50 7 00 7 50 12 50 H 50 II 00 Steam Vessels, Inspector of. — The office of the supervising inspector for the 9th district, is located on the 6th floor of the White Building. There are two local inspectors, two assistant inspectors and a clerk, all of which are civil service appointments. Their irr- ■^ 1» :r,, --MfeT^^- ^ ii* Printing m We take great pride in the work of our Printing Department, as our name stands for the finest in this line* ♦♦ Society and club printing of every kind at the lowest prices as well as in the best style* NEW IDEAS J^ NEW TYPES J^ NEW INKS c^ • Reports ♦♦ Circulars ♦♦ Legal Print- ing ♦♦ Tickets ♦♦ Business Cards Letter Heads ♦♦ Anything from type* Cbe Peter Paul Book Company i Buffalo « 420 main $trm 117 STE— STR duties are to inspect the boilers, ma- chinery and steam vessels in general, to secure their perfect safety. Stenographers and Typewrit- ers. — For the convenience of strangers and the public generally, stenograph- ers and typewriters may be found in all of the larger hotels. Letters writ- ten on the machine direct cost about lo cents per page, if taken in short- hand and then written, 15 cents. Legal work in shorthand, 15 cents per page, and in small work, 25 cents. Stock Yards. — The Stock Yards of the city are located in East Buffalo, where extensive buildings for the transfer and care of all live stock com- ing into and departing from the city have been erected. Many improve- ments are to be made, and when com- pleted the system will be one of the most noteworthy in existence. (See Live Stock. Storage — Large warehouses where one can hire space to store two or three trunks, or large enough to re- ceive the furniture of an entire house, have of late years been erected in convenient parts of the city. At most of these places, wagons, trucks, and porters, may be engaged to move goods from one place to another, and will also do packing when desired. Among the best of these places may be mentioned Loomis' & Benjamin's Cyclorama Storage warehouse, located at 32-42 Edward Street, directly in the rear of Music Hall. This warehouse has six floors, covering over three acres of floor space. Niagara Storage warehouse, at 220-224 Niagara Street, is a brick building five stories high, having a floor space of about 40,000 square feet. Central Storage ware- house, at 492-494 Washington Street, is another good place for storage, and there are several others. All goods are held one year after non-payment, as prescribed by law, after which they may be sold by public auction. Street Cleaning. — The work of cleaning streets embraces general street cleaning by machinery, at pres- ent under contract, and the cleaning of certain streets exclusively by hand labor, a portion of the latter work being done directly by city employ and paid from the general fund. An- other class of hand cleaning is per- formed under what is known as the local contract plan, which contracts are ordered upon majority petition of property owners interested on the particular street or streets which are included in the description of such contract. Under this class of work, the city acts as trustee, collecting assessments from the property bene- fitted, and paying moneys to the con- tractors on the certificate of the Sup- erintendent of Streets that the work has been properly performed. The collection of ashes and garbage is made once a week during the win- ter season and twice a week during the summer. It has been for some time performed by direct employment of the city, but will in the near future be done under contract. Streets, Directory of. — A, from 1013 Fillmore Ave. east to the Mills. Abbott Road, from 585 Elk south- east to city line. Abby, from 569 Abbot Road south to 594 Tifft Street. Abel, from 339 Dingens to 146 Gris- wold, first west of S. Ogden. Adams, from 642 Eagle north to 689 Genesee. Addison Pl., from 215 Bond east to 236 Lord. Alabama, from Buffalo River north to 481 Seneca. Albany, from Black Rock Harbor east to 230 Hampshire. About three blocks south of Ferry. STR ii8 Alamo Pl., from 895 Abbott Road southwest to Triangle. Albermarle, from 25 Doy north- west to 400 O'Neil. Albert Ave., from 176 Rano north- west to 165 Royal. Alden Ave., from Chaucer north to Kenmore, fourth west of N. Y. L. E. & W. R. R. Alexander, from Hertel Ave. north to Race, third east of Military Road. Changed to Sunset Ave. Alexander, from Tyler, north to Eley (near city line) third west of Main. Changed to Mildred Ave. Alexander Ave., from Herbert east to Bailey Ave., second south of Delavan. Changed to Wecker Ave. Alexander Pl. (formerly Zurbuch- er),from 242 east Ferry north to Puffer. Algonquin, from Delaware Ave., east to Fairchild PL, third south of Hertel Ave. Alleghany, from TifFt north to Folger, first west of South Park Ave., (formerly White's Corners Road). Allen, from 942 Main west to i Wadsworth. Alvin Ave., from Main east to city line, fourth north of east Hertel Ave. Alwin, from 36 Durrenberger, east 304 feet. Amber Ave., from 661 South Park Avenue, (formerly White's Corners Road.) west, second south of Tifft. Amelia, from Abby east to Ger- mania, first south of Abbott Road. Amherst, from Erie Canal at Black Rock, northeast and east to Kensing- ton Avenue. Amity, from Q u i n c y (formerly Miller,) north-east to Deshler, along north side of N. Y. C. R. R. Yards, second south of Broadway. Amos Pl., from Kenmore Avenue, south, third east of Elmwood Avenue. Amsterdam, from 690 Delevan Avenue, north, second west of Grider, (formerly Manhatten Avenue.) Anderson Al., from Emslie east to 60 Lord, first north of South Divi- sion, changed to Meteor Alley. Anderson Pl., from 355 Richmond Avenue, east, first north of Utica. Andover, from Warwick Avenue to Bayfield, first east of Norfolk. Angle, from Flower, north to Morton, west of Main near city line. Ann, from 200 Terrace, south, be- tween Charles and Mechanic. Annie Pl., from 287 Dewitt, east to 258 Tyron Place. Ansteth, from Military Road, west to N. Y. C. R. R. sixth north of Hertel Ave. Antwerp, (formerly Bommell) from Bailey Ave., east to Warring, second south of Genessee. Appenheimer Pl., from Fillmore Ave., east, first north of Delavan Ave. Archer Ave., from Seneca, north, first east of Bailey Ave Argus, from 270 Esser Ave., north to 250 O'Neil St. Arizona, (formerly Wyoming) from Military Road, west to N. Y. C. R. R., third north of Hertel Ave. Arkansas, from 887 West Ave., east to 318 Hampshire. Arlington, from 1163 Broadway, south, to West Shore R. R., changed to Houghton. Arlington Ave., from Kensington Ave., east, to Wyoming Ave., first east of Grider, changed to Mendola Ave. Arlington Pl., from 65 Wads- worth, north to 294 North and east to 150 College. Armbruster, from 1567 Broadway, south to N. Y. C. R. R. 119 STR Armin Pl., from Seneca, north, to lot 7, first west of Mineral Springs Road. Arnold, from 71 Grant, eas.t to 22 Preston. Arthur Av., from 2158 Niagara, east to Tonawanda, third north of Hertel Ave, Arthur Ave., from 694 Walden Ave. to 79 Doat St. Changed to Key- stone Ave. AsBURY Pl., from 43 West Huron, north to rear of 460 Pearl. Ash, from 272 Broadway north to 57 Genesee. Ashland Ave., from 76 Summer north to 529 Bouck Ave. Ashley, from N. Y. C. R. R. west to Deshler. Athol, from 1250 Abbott Road northeast to Cazenovia Creek. Atlantic, from 155 Utica north to 97 Lexington Ave. Atlantic Ave., from 11 20 East Delevan Ave. north to Beverly, first west of Bailey Ave. Auburn Ave., from Niagara River east to 1245 Delaware Ave. Auchinvole, from 169 Herkimer east to 157 Grant. Augusta, from 210 Downing south to City Line, third east of South Park Ave., (formerly White's Corner road.) Aurora, from 475 Ohio west to Buffalo River. Aurora Plank Road, changed to Seneca. Austin, from 1894 Niagara north- east to 168 Military Road. Avenue A, changed to Fillmore Ave. Avon Pl., from Seneca northeast, second south of Buffalo Creek. Avondale Pl., from Seneca north- east, third south of Buffalo Creek. B., from 967 Fillmore Avenue east one block to Mills. Babcock, from 266 Prenatt north- east to 1161 William. Bahama Ave., from Marilla north, first west of Hopkins. Bailey Ave., (formerly Williams- ville road) from 790 Abbott Road north to city limits. Baitz Ave., from 1340 Clinton north to N. Y. L. E. & W. R. R. Baker, from Ann west near 200 Terrace south to Erie Canal. Balcom, from Main east to Masten, second north of Main and Michigan junction. Balcom, from 1630 Main to 557 Linwood Ave, Bangor PL.,from Kasota to Sharon Ave., first south of Kenmore Ave. Bank Pl., from Jordan Place to Buffalo Creek, first north of Seneca. Barcher PL.,from Englewood Ave. east to Montrose, first south of Ken- more. Bardol, from E. Parade Ave. east to Spiess, first north of Genesee. Barker, from 12 10 Main to 829 Delaware Ave. Barnard, from Griswold (formerly Humboldt), south to Buffalo Creek, third east of Weiss. Barnett Pl., Irom Herbert east to Bailey Ave., first north of Puffer. Barr, changed to Woodlawn Ave, Barraga Ave., from 297 Aby east to Hopkins. Barry PL,,from 282 Bird Ave. north to 279 Forest Ave. Barthel, from 234 Walden Ave. to 311 Urban. Barton, from 178 Albany north to 181 Breckenridge, Bass, from 999 Clinton north. STR 1 20 Bass Pl., from 46 Etnslie west to the W. N. Y. & P. R. R. Batavia, from 17 10 Broadway north, first east of Bailey Ave. Baxter, from Esser north to O'Neil, first east of Tonawanda. Bayard, from north end of Lester east and west, second north of Seneca. Bayer, changed to Portage Ave. Bayfield (formerly Becker), from Norfolk east to Bailey Ave,, first north of Warwick Ave. Baynes, from 400 W. Ferry, north to 379 Bird Ave. Beacon, from B. R. & P. R. R. east to 584 Hopkins, fifth south of Abbott Road. Beak, from 20 Green, north to 57 Exchange. Bean Al., from 73 W. Mohawk, north to 68 W. Huron. Beard Ave., from Starin Ave. east to Parker, thence northeast to Hertel Ave., first north of Amherst. Beardsley Ave., from 485 Doat, north to Hemenway, eighth east of Bailey Ave. Beautrice, from Ontario, northwest to Esser, ninth east of Tonawanda. Beaver, from 38 Perry, north to 37 Scott. Beck, from 1012 Broadway, north to 923 Sycamore. Becker, from 28 Abby, to B. R. & P. R. R. Becker, from Bailey Ave., west to Norfolk, first north of Warwick. Changed to Bayfield Ave. Becker, from 1258 Broadway, north about 1300 feet. Beckwith, from 461 Sycamore, east to Adams. Beech, from 970 Virginia, north to 381 Carlton. Beer, from Weiss, east to South Ogden, first south of Clinton. Behrends, from Military Road, west to N. Y. C. R. R., seventh north of Hertel Ave. Bell Ave., from 207 Abbey, east to Hopkins, sixth south of Abbott Road. Bell Ave., from D. L.& W. R. R., east to Zelmer, first south of Genesee. ~ Belle, from Kenmore Ave., south, third west of Delaware Ave, Belmont, from 60 Doyle, northwest to 435 O'Neil. Belmont, from Eley west to Crosby, first north of Morton, changed to Brinton. Belmont, from Jefferson, east to Oakgrove Ave., second north of Del- avan, changed to Blaine. Bender Ave., from 1025 Clinton south to W. N. Y. & P. R. R. Bennett, from 146 William, north to 271 Broadway. Bennett Pl., from Herbert, east to Bailey Ave, first north of Puffer. Benzinger, from 1618 William, north to Broadway. Bergtold, from 97 Laux 578 feet east, second northeast of Clinton. Berkeley Pl., from Bird Ave., north to the Park, first west of Dela- ware Ave. Berkshire Ave., from Bangor PL, north to Kenmore Ave., first east of Colvin. Berlin, from 460 High, north to 413 Northampton. Bernard, from Downing to south city line, changed to Sibley. Bernhardt, from East Ferry, north to East Delavan Ave., fifth east of Fillmore Ave. Berrick Al., from 142 Seneca, north to 171 Swan. Bessie Pl., from 414 Bird Ave., north to 411 Forest Ave. 121 STR Best, from 1119 Main, east to 1132 Geneser. * Beverly, (formerly Kenilworth,) from Norfolk, east to Bailey Ave., first north of East Delavan. BiDWELL, changed to Penfield. BiDWELL Parkway, from Bidwell PI. northeast to Soldiers' PI. BiDWELL Pl., junction of Bouck Ave., Bidwell Parkway and Richmond Ave. Bingham, from Erie Canal, east to Church Street, west of City Hall. Bird, changed to Hertel Ave. Bird Ave., from 1531 Niagara, east to 1538 Delaware Ave. BiRDSALL, from 62 Mechanic, north to 128 Church, BiSMARK, from Abbey to B. R. & P. R. R., eighth north of Tifft, changed to Brunck. BiSMARK, from South Ogden, east to city line, first south of William. BissELL, from Walden Avenue, north to Genesee, first east of Moselle. Bitter, from 710 Ferry, east to 515 Delavan Ave. Changed to Hiram. Blackwell Canal, from near the mouth of Buffalo River, southeast of Lehigh Valley Coal Docks. Blaine, (formerly Belmont) from Jefferson, east of Oak Grove, thence south to east Delavan Ave. Blake, from Genesee, east to Scajaquada Creek, second east of Bailey Ave. Blanche, from Kenmore Ave., south, first west of Elm wood Ave, Blank Ave., from Bailey Ave., east of Babcock and north of B. R. & P. R. R. Changed to Jordan Ave. Bleeker, from 268 Rano, north to Laird Ave., fifth east of Tonawanda. Bloom, from Abbott Road, south to the proposed Boulevard, southeast of South Park Ave. Bloomfield, from 646 South Park Ave., to the proposed Boulevard^ second south of Tifft. Blossom, from 54 Broadway, north to 59 East Huron. Blossom, from Hampshire, north to Scajaquada Creek. Changed to Grant. Blum, from Military Road, east to 206 Clayton, seventh north of Hertel Ave. BoGARDUS, from Bailey Ave., east to Garfield, fourth north of Wil- liam. Boller, from Abby, west to B.R.& P. R. R., second north of Tif!t. Bolton Ave., from Linden Ave., north to Taunton, first east of Colvin. Bolton Pl., from Abbott Road, south to St. Stephens Place, second west of Smith. Bommel, from 1681 Bailey Ave., east to Warring Ave. Changed to Antwerp. Bond, from 180 Seymour, north to 177 Howard. Boone, from Pembina, north, first west of Hopkins. Booth Al., from 297 Washington, east to Hickory. Bork, changed to Detroit. Boston Al., changed to Demond Place. Bouck Ave., from 1319 Niagara, east to 1776 Main. Boulevard, from Abbott Road, at South Park Ave., southeast and south to city line. Bowen, from St. Lawrence Ave., north to Kenmore (near city line) seventh east of Colvin, changed to Duluth Ave. Bowen, from 1058 Broadway, north to 15 Walden Ave. Bowery, changed to Irving Place. STR 122 Box Ave., from Fillmore Ave., east to Moselle. Sixth north of Parade. BoYD.from Grant, north to Preston, one block north of Breckenridge. Brace, from Erie Canal, east to 1348 Niagara. Bradford, from 1156 Elk, north to Seneca. Bradley, from 456 Dewitt, east to 583 Grant. Brantford Pl., from 690 Delavan Ave., north to Potomac Ave. Brayton, from 413 Vermont, north to 515 Utica. Breckenridge, from 1223 Niagara, east to 525 Elmwood Ave. Bremen, from 378 Vermont, north- west to 387 Rhode Island. Brewster, from Halbert, east to Fillmore Ave., first north of LeRoy Ave. Bridge, from Erie Canal, northeast to 1796 Niagara. Bridgeman, from 578 Amherst, north to N. Y. C. Belt Line. Briggs Ave., from 2413 Niagara, east to 834 Tonawanda. Brighton, from 1185 Broadway, south to West Shore R. R. Brinker Ave., from Abbey to Hopkins, third south of Abbott Road changed to Barraga Ave. Brinkman, from 634 Walden Ave., north to 23 Doat. Brinton Ave. (formerly Belmont), from Eley (Englewood Ave. ) west to Crosby, first north of Norton, near city line. Brisco Ave., from Walden Ave., north to Doat. Sixth east of Bailey Ave. Bristol, from 205 Spring, east to 278 Jefferson and from 195 Emslie to 69 Raze. Broadway, from 421 Washington, northeast to eastern city limits. Brockton Ave., from Bangor PI., north to Kenmore Ave. (near city line) first west of Colvin. Brooklyn, from Utica, north to Glen wood Ave., third east of Jefferson. Brown, from 735 Jefferson, northeast to 594 Adams. Brownell, from 1475 Broadway, south to N. Y. C. R. R. Bruce, from Tyler, north to Eley (Englewood Ave. ) near city line, sec- ond west of Main. Brunck (formerly Bismark), from 274 Abby, west to B. R. & P. R. R. eighth north of Tifft. Bryant, from 1288 Main, west to 241 Richmond Ave. Buell Ave., from Humboldt Park- way, east to Fillmore Ave., first north of Puff'er. Buffalo, from 785 Abbott Road, south to Good Ave., first west of Tri- angle. BuFFUM,from 2215 Seneca, northeast to Reservation line. Bull, from 141 1 West Ave., north- east, first south of Scajaquada Ave. Bundys Al., from 124 Sycamore, north one block. Burgard Pl., from 562 Walden, north, first west of Bailey Ave. Burrell, from 272 Curtiss, north to Lovejoy. Burrows Ave., from 57 Abby, east to Hopkins, second north of Tifft. Burt, from St. Lawrence Ave., north to Kenmore Ave., twelfth east of Colvin. Burt Ave., from 87 Abby, east to Hopkins, third north of Tifft. BuRTis Ave., from Abbott Road, north to Oliver, second east of Hop- kins. Burton, from 819 Main, east to 78 Maple. 123 STR BuRWELL Pl., from 48 Perry, north to 49 Scott. BuscH, from Race, north to Ken- more Ave., second east of Mihtary Road. Changed to Clayton. Bush, from 504 Amherst, south to Scajaquada creek, and north to Grote, first west of New York State Reserva- tion line. BusHNELL, from Jordan Ave., north to Bergtold, first east of Babcock. Butler, changed to Lexington Ave. Byron, from Chaucer, north to Ken- more Ave., changed to Hecla Ave. Byron PL.,from Olympic, to Ocean Ave., first north of East Delavan Ave. C, from 947 Fillmore Ave., east two blocks to Mills. Cable, from Griswold, south to Buf- falo Creek, second east of Weiss. Caldwell Al., from 114 Wilkeson, north to rear 106 Seventh. California, from 859 West Ave., east to 24 Herkimer. Calumet Pl., from Grace, north to Garfield, fourth east of Niagara. Cambria, from 405 Dingens, to north of Bismark, first west of city line. Cambridge Ave., from East Ferry, north to Warwick, fourth east of Grider. Camden, from Olive, north to N. Y. L. E. & W. R. R., first west of Dela- ware. Camden Ave., from East Hertel Ave., north to Alvin Ave., first east of Main, changed to Cordova Ave. Camp, from 424 Sycamore north- west to 519 Genesee. Campbell Ave., from St. Lawrence Ave., north to KenmoreAve., (north city line), 6th east of Colvin. Canal, from 100 Main, northwest to 164 Erie. Canal Al., changed to Court Pl. Canary, north Parade House. Candon, from Esser Ave., south to Laird Ave, first east of Tonawanda. Carl, from 976 East Ferry, north to 783 East Delavan Ave. Carlton, from 909 Main, east to 744 Genesee. Carmine Pl., from 448 Bird Ave., north to 445 Forest Ave. Carolina, from Erie Canal, north- east to 168 West Tupper. Carroll, from 203 Washington, east to Indian Reservation line. Carter Ave., from 17 Hopkins, east to South Park Ave., first north of Marilla. Carter Ave, from Hertel Ave., south to Troup, first east of Elmwood Ave. (formerly McPherson) changed to Mandan. Cary, from 210 Delaware Ave., west to 162 Morgan. Cass, from Hertel Ave., north to Race, sixth east of Military Road, changed to Norris. Cassy, from 1059 William, south to Lot 58. Castor AL.,from 299 William, north to 427 Broadway. Cattaraugus Ave., from Bailey Ave., east to Eggert, fourth south of Kensington Ave. (formerly EUicott Turnpike. Cayuga, from 885 Jefferson east to 300 Grey. Cazeno VIA, from 1385 Abbott Road, north to 2190 Seneca. Cecil Ave., from Olive, north to N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R., second west of Delaware Ave. Cedar, from 348 Swan, northwest to 305 Broadway. Cement Ave., from Range Ave., east to Quarry Ave., second south of East Hertel Ave. Centre, from Bailey Ave., west to STR 124 Andover, first north of Warwick, changed to Duffield. Central Ave., from 1396 William, north through 892 Lovejoy to N. Y. C. and H. R. R. R. Central Wharf, from foot of Main, west to foot of Commercial. Centre, from no Seneca, north to loi Swan. Chadduck Ave., from 997 Tona- wanda, east to Harold Ave., sixth north of Ontario. Chain Al., from 250 Amherst, north, second west of Military Road. Champlin, from 493 Spring, north- east to 212 Mortimer. Chandler, from MiltaryRoad, east to N. Y. C. R. R., third north of Amherst. Chapin Parkway, from Chapin PI., northwest to Soldiers' Place. Chapin Pl., Junction of Delaware Ave., Bouck Ave., and Chapin Park- way. Charles, from Erie Canal, east to 186 Terrace. Charlotte, from Fillmore Ave., east to Hill, first north of LeRoy Ave. Chaucer, from Crosby PI., west to Alden, first south of Kenmore Ave., (near city line). Chautauqua, from Bailey Ave., east to Eggert, first south of Kensing- ton Ave. Cheektov^^aga, (formerly Spencer) from Genesee to Doat, seventh east of Bailey Ave. Chelsea Pl., (formerly Miller) from Pufier, north to east Delavan, third east of Fillmore Ave. Chemung, from Bailey Ave., east to Eggert, third south of Kensington Ave. Chenango, from 459 Utica, north- west to 400 West Ferry. Cherry, from 727 Michigan, north- east to 955 Virginia. Chester, from 178 Glenwood Ave., north to Ferry and thence north to 33 Puffer. Chestnut, from 224 Swan, north to 227 North Division. Chicago, from 300 Ohio, north to 267 Swan. Childs, from 26 Hamburg Turn- pike, east to Buffalo Creek. Chippewa, east from 597 Main to 102 Genesee. Chippewa, west from 590 Main, west to Junction Georgia and Whitney Place. Choate Ave., from 1428 Abbott Road, southwest to Boulevard, thence west to South Park Ave. Church, from 312 Main, west to Erie Canal. Churchill, from 228 Amherst, northeast to 253 Austin. Cincinnati, from 257 Ohio, south to Buffalo River. Circle, Junction north Wadsworth, 14th and Pennsylvania Sts, and Porter and Richmond Aves. City Ship Canal, from Buffalo River near lighthouse to south channel. Clare, (formerly Raze) from 916 Eagle to 347 Howard. Clarence, from Olive, north to N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Third west of Delaware Ave. Clarendon Pl., from Bird Ave., north to the Park. Second west of Delaware Ave. Clarion Pl., from Philadelphia, north to Skillen. First southeast of Ontario. Clark, from 794 William, north to 1225 Broadway. Clark and Skinner Canal, from Buffalo River to Hamburg Canal, east of Mississippi. 125 STR Clay, from 36 Military Road near Amherst, north of 289 Austin. Clayton (formerly Busch), from 76 Race north to Kenmore Ave. (north city line). Second east of Military Road. Clement Pl., from Gillette Ave. east to N. Y. C. R. R. First north of East Delavan Ave. Clemo, from 1 104 Clinton, 642 feet north. Cleveland, from 1208 Delaware Ave., west to 662 Elmwood Ave. Cleveland, from 452 Ferry, north to 495 Breckenridge. Changed to Iroquois. Clifford, from 375 Smith, east to Selkirk, Clifton, from 264 East Utica to 221 East Ferry, Changed to Verplanck. Clifton Pl., from 112 Cottage, northeast to 256 Allen. Changed to Day's Park. Clinton, from 411 Main, east to city limits. Clinton Ave., from Erie Canal, west of 1471 Niagara, east to 1474 Delaware Ave. Changed to Potomac Ave. Clio Ave., from 11 25 Abbott Road, south to Boulevard. CoATSWORTH Alley, from 17 Hay- ward, east to 272 Hamburg. Cochrane, from 2066 Clinton to Humboldt Al. CoE PL.,from 1 215 Main, east to 994 Ellicott. CoiT, from 298 Howard, north to 843 Broadway. Colchester ( formerly Westches- ter), from Chautauqua, east to Eggert. First south of Kensington Ave. Coleman Al., from Vine, south be- tween Michigan and Elm. Colfax Ave., from 1088 Grider, east to 310 Wyoming Ave. Coll ATON, from 2237 Niagara, north- east to Fuller. College, from 25 Cottage, north to 260 North. College Pl., from Johnson Park, one block west of 274 Delaware Ave. Colorado Ave., from 1209 East Ferry, south to 1670 Genesee. CoLSON Ave., from Griswold (for- merly Humboldt AL), north to Din- gens, fifth east of Weiss. Changed to Weaver. CoLTON, from Erie Canal, west to Lake Erie, first northwest of Hudson. Columbia, from Buffalo River, north to 137 Perry, first west of Michigan. Columbus Ave., from Main, east to Bailey Ave., third north of East Hertel Ave. Changed to Lisbon. Columbus Pl., from 560 South Park Ave. (formerly White's Corners Road), east to Boulevard. CoLViN, from 1302 Amherst, north- west to 1323 Hertel Ave. and to Ken- more Ave. Comet (formerly Crescent), from Olive Ave., north to N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R., fourth west of Delaware Ave. Commercial, from Buffalo River northeast, to 8 Terrace. Como Ave., from 484 South Park Ave. (formerly White's Corners Road), east to Boulevard. Compromise Al., 312 Maryland, northwest to West Ave. Changed to Malta Pl. Concord, from 366 Curtiss, west to West Shore R. R. Condon Ave., from Crowley Ave., north to O' Neil, first east of Tonawan- da. Congress, from 184 Bouck Ave., north to 231 Potomac Ave. Connecticut, from 656 Front Ave., northeast to 222 Richmond Ave. Cooper, changed to Oakwood Pl. STR 126 CoPELAND Pl., from Hunt, north- west to Ontario, first east of Tona- wanda. CopsEWOOD Ave., from Kensing- ton Ave., south, first west of Bailey. Cordova Ave, (formerly Camden), from East Hertel Ave. north to Alvin Ave. , first east of Main. Cornelia, from 274 Seymour, north- east to Eagle. Cornell, from Tyler, north to Eley, first west of Main, near north city line. Cornell, from Ontario, southeast to Martin, first east of Tonawanda. Changed to Gallatin. Cornwall Ave., from East Ferry, north to Warwick, sixth east of Grider. Cotes, changed to Myers. Cottage, from 370 Virginia, north- west to 297 Hudson. Coulson, from Military Road, north- west to N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., eighth north of Hertel Ave. Countess Ave., from 420 Doat, north to Hemenway, sixth east of Bailey Ave. Court, from 428 Main, west to Erie Canal. Court Pl , from Jackson, north to Court, near Wilkeson. Courtland Ave., from 1348 Dela- van Ave., north. Crescent, from Olive Ave. north to N. Y. L. E. & W. R. R., fourth west of Delaware Ave. Changed to Comet. Crescent Ave., from 1569 Amherst, south to Colvin, first west of Main. Crosby Pl. from Brinton, north to Kenmore Ave. (near city line), near N. Y. L. E. & W. R. R. crossing. Crowley Ave., from 2505 Niagara, east to 918 Tonawanda to Welland Ave. Crystal Ave., from 628 South Park Ave. (formerly White's Corners Road), west 1000 feet. Cumberland Ave., from loi Mum- ford to 100 Cazenovia. Curtiss, from 772 William, north- east and east to 1225 Broadway. CusHiNG Pl. from 1806 Abbott Rd., east to city line. Custer (formerly Sheridan), from Main west to D. L. & W. R. R., first north of Hertel Ave. Cutter Pl., from Jordan PL, north- west to Buffalo Creek. Cypress, from 571 Michigan, north- east to 318 Pine. Daisy, from Florida, north to East Delavan Ave., fourth east of Jefferson. Dakota, from near 2300 Delaware Ave. , east to Fairchild Pl. , first south of Hertel Ave. Dalton, from Downing, south to south city line, first east of South Park Ave. (formerly White's Corners Road) Changed to Hines. D ALTON Ave., from Bangor PL, north to Kenmore Ave. (near city line) second east of Colvin. Dana Ave., from Rano, north to Crowley Ave., fourth east of Tona- wanda. Changed to Welland Ave. Danforth, from 158 Forest Ave., north to 25 Bradley. Daniels Ave., from Ontario, north- west to Esser Ave., tenth east of Ton- awanda. D ANN. from foot of Amherst, north to Hamilton. Danube, from 1572 Genesee, north to East Ferry. Dart, from 188 Forest Ave., north to Scajaquada creek. Dash, from 925 Abbot Road, south to McCauley, third southeast of Tri- angle. Daugherty's Al., from 248 Sen- eca, north to 49 Myrtle Ave. Changed to Seneca PL 127 STR Davenport Al., from loo Canal, southeast to Fly. Davev, from 1704 William, north to 191 1 Broadway. Davis, from 702 Jefferson, west and northwest to 555 Genesee. Davis Ave., third west of Main, from Humboldt Parkway, northwest to Amherst. Changed to Woodward Ave. Day's Park, from 107 Cottage, northeast to 256 Allen and 2 Wads- worth, includes streets formerly known as Norris PI. and Clifton PI. Dayton, from 48 Main, west to Prime. Dearborn, from 44 Tonawanda, northeast to 49 Hertel Ave. Decker, from Bailey Ave., west to Olympic, first south of Norfolk Ave. Deer, from Hertel Ave., north to Gladstone, second east of N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Deerfield Ave., (formerly Hunt- ington Ave.) from 805 East Delavan Ave., north to Kensington Ave., second east of Grider. Delavan Ave. , from 1851 Main, east to city limits. Delavan Ave., west, from Black Rock Harbor and 1397 Niagara east to 1851 Main. Delaware Ave., from 223 Terrace, north to city limits. Delaware Pl., from 376 Delaware Ave,, west to 327 Virginia, changed to Trinity PI. Demond Pl., (formerly Boston Al.) from 116 East Tupper north to 675 Virginia. Dempster, from 783 Bailey Ave., east to 52 Green. Denver, from Military Road, west to N. Y. C. R. R., fourth north of Hertel Ave. Depew Ave., from Main, west to Linden Ave., second north of Am- herst. Depot, from 1067 William, south to lot no. 58. DeRutte, from 444 Virginia, north to rear 57 Elmwood Ave. Deseronto Ave., from Linden Ave., north to Taunton, first west of Parkside Ave. Deshler, from 15 17 Broadway, south to N. Y. C. R. R. Round-house. Desquesne Ave., from 1360 East Delavan Ave., south to Lang Ave., third east of Bailey Ave. Detroit, from 318 Howard, north to 875 Broadway. Devereux Ave. from Eley(formerly Englewood) east to Montrose, third south of Kenmore Ave. (near city line) Dewey Pl., from Pomeroy Ave., west to Buffalo River, first south of Seneca. Dewitt, from 115 Breckenridge, north to Scajaquada creek. Dexter, (R. R. Lands), from 1625 Main and 1597 Michigan to Driving Park. Dickens Al., (formerly Orlando Al.) from 259 Washington to 18 Elli- cott. Dillon, (formerlvRicker Ave.) from Fillmore, east, first north of Seneca. Dingens, from 459 Bailey Ave., east to city limits. DoAT, from Genesee near N. Y. L. & W. R. R. crossing, east to city limits. Dock, from 33 Water, south to Buffalo River. Dodge, from 1177 Main, east to 68 West Parade Ave. DoLD, from Tifft, south to White- field, changed to Ithica Place. Dole, from 1237 Elk, north to 1359 Seneca. SFR 128 Doll Ave., changed to May. DoMEDiAN Ave., from Hemenway, north to Genesee, second west of city hne. Douglas Al., from 23 Ellicott, east to Center. Dover, from 716 Curtiss, west to West Shore R. R. Downing, from 1050 South Park Ave., (formerly White' s Corners Road.) north to 1889 Abbott Road. Doyle Ave., from Skillen, north- east to Kenmore Ave., third north of Ontario. Dryden Ave., from Chaucer, north to Kenmore Ave., third west of Cros- by Place. Duchess, from Suffolk, east to Eggert, second south of Kensington Ave. DucKWiTZ, from 450 East Utica, to Glenwood Ave. Duerstein, from Seneca, near Caz- enovia Park, north, first southeast of Indian Church Road. Duffield, (formerly Center], from Andover, east to Bailey Ave., first north of Warwick Ave. Duluth Ave., (formerly Bo wen), from St. Lawrence Ave. , north to Ken- more Ave., seventh east of Colvin. Duncan, from 1264 Seneca, north, first west of Bailey Ave. Dunstan Ave., from Skillen north- east to Kenmore Ave., first north of Ontario. DupoNT, from 343 East Utica to Harwood PI., one block east of Jeffer- son. Durham Ave., from 770 East Dela- van Ave. north to Sussex, first east of Grider. Durrenberger, (formerly Urban Al.) from 492 High, north to 479 Best. Dutton Ave., from 848 East Ferry, north to 650 East Delavan Ave. Dyer, from 521 Abbott Road south to D. L. & W. R. R., first west of Abbey. Eagle, from 367 Main, east to 176 Fillmore Ave. Eagle, west, from 363 Main to 269 Terrace. Englewood Ave., from 1229 Ab- bott Road, southwest to 660 Boulevard. East, from 65 Wayne, west to 46 Arthur. East Balcom, from 661 Main to 578 Masten. East Bennett, from 322 Clinton north to 159 William. East Delavan Ave., see Delavan East and West. East Ferry, see Ferry East. East Genesee, see Genesee East and West. East Hertel Ave., from 2995 Main East to Bailey Ave. near D. L. & W. crossing. East Jewett Ave., from 2421 Main east to 1006 Ave. A. East Market, from 138 Elk north to Hamburg Canal. East Mohawk, see Mohawk, East and West. East North, see North East. East Parade Ave., from 228 Wal- den north through 1185 Genesee ta Northampton. East Porter, changed to Rose- ville. East Seneca, changed to Seneca. East Swan, see Swan. East Summer, changed to Edna Pl. East Tupper, see Tupper, East and West. East Utica, see Utica, east and west. Eastwood Pl., (formerly Hum- boldt PI.), from Main, east to Hum- 129 STR bulcit Parkway, second northeast of Jefferson. Eaton, from 1283 Michigan east to 1246 Jefferson. EcKHARDT Ave., from Seneca northeast to Mineral Springs Road, first southeast of Mineral Springs Road. EcKHERT, from Esser Ave. north to O'Neil, 4th east of Tonawanda. Edgewood Ave., from 1309 Abbott Road southwest to 570 Boulevard. Edison Ave., from 1478 East Dela- van Ave. Edmunds Ave., from B., R. & P. R. R. east to 524 Hopkins, fifth north of Tifft. Edna Pl. (formerly East Summer), from 931 Ellicott east to 90 Masten. Edward, from 782 Main west to 357 Virginia. Edwin Pl (formerly Goodell Al.), from 154 East Tupper north to 159 Goodell. Efner, from 100 Georgia northwest to 46 Hudson. Eggert, from 387 Sugar, north to • city limits. Ehle, from 88 Wick, west to 80 Lid- dell. Eighteenth, from 516 Connecticut northwest to 289 W. Ferry. Changed to Ripley Pl. Eighteenth, from 429 Rhode Island northwest to 389 West Ferry, Flam Pl., from 2430 Main west to Crescent Ave. Eleventh, changed to West. Eley, (formerly Englewood Ave.), from 3276 Main northwest to north city line. Eley Pl., from Englewood Ave. east to Montrose, fifth south of Ken- more Ave. Elgas, from Esser Ave. north to O'Neil, seventh east of Tonawanda. Elizabeth, from 256 Seymour north- east to Eagle. Elk, from 73 Ohio east to junction with 1627 Seneca. Ellen Ave., from Hemenway north to Genesee, first west of east city line. Ellicott, from 60 Exchange north to 45 Riley. Ellicott Turnpike, changed to Kensington Ave. Ellsworth Ave., from Delaware Ave. east to Virgil, third north of Hertel Ave. Ellsworth Ave., from Main north to north city line. Elm, from 124 Swan, north to 117 Best. Elmwood a v. from 392 Virginia to Kenmore Ave. Elsie Pl., from 193 Purdy, south- east to 50 Alexander Place. Emerson, (formerly Linden Ave.) from Eley west to Crosby PL, first south of Kenmore Ave. Emerson Pl., from 1457 Michigan, east to 396 Masten. Emily, changed to Greenwood Ave. Emma Pl., from 68 Juliet to 57 Rano Ave. Empire Av.i (formerly Harrison Ave.) from 79 Miller Ave., east to 70 Koons Ave. Emslie, from 758 Seneca, north to 679 Broadway. Emson, see Imson. Englewood Ave. , see Eley. Ensign, from Katharine opp. Union Iron Mills, east to Buffalo River. Erb, from 2150 Genesee, north to 1501 E. Delavan Ave. Ericson, from 1185 E. Delavan Ave., south 500 feet. Erie, from 308 Main, southwest to 134 Water. STR 130 Erie Canal, from 112 Main, north- west to city limits. EssER, from Niagara, easttoSkillen, sixth north of Ontario. Essex, from 530 Rhode Island, north to 511 Massachusetts. Euclid, from Bailey Ave., east, be- tween Lovejoy and William. Changed to Hennepin. Euclid Ave., from 406 LeRoy Ave , north to south line of lot 44. Changed to Richlawn Ave. Euclid Pl., from 769 Elk, south to Abbott Road. Eugene, from D. L. & W. R. R. north to Kenmore Ave., first west of Delaware Ave. Eureka Pl., (formerly German,) from 338 Sycamore, north to 421 Gene- see. Evadene, from Eley, east to Mont- rose, fourth south of Kenmore Ave. Evans, from 69 Water, north to 82 Terrace. Evans Ship Canal, from Peacock, west to Buffalo River. Evelyn Ave., from Esser Ave., southwest to Clarion Pl., sixth east of Tonawanda. Exchange, from 177 Main east to junction with Seneca. Exeter Ave., from Hertel Ave. north to Taunton Ave., sixth east of Delaware Ave. Express, from 222 Pearl west to 121 Franklin. Fairchild Pl. (formerly Stanley Pl.,) from Hertel Ave., south to Al- gonquin, first east of Delaware Ave. Fairfield, from 2470 Main north- west to 1625 Amherst. Fakir, from 98 East Forest Ave. east to Steele. Fargo Ave., from 234 Hudson northwest to 1075 Niagara. Farmer, from Erie Canal near 2047 Niagara east to 442 Tonawanda. Faxon, from 1552 Clinton north 1000 feet, first west of Bailt-y Ave. Fay (formerly Leo Ave. ) from Wal- den Ave. south to West Shore R. R., first west of Bailey Ave. Federal Ave. (formerly Livingston Ave.) from Kensington Ave. north, second northeast of Le Roy. Fell Al., from 181 Virginia south- east to 176 Carolina. Fenton, from Clinton south to Buffalo Creek, fourth east of Weiss. Ferguson Ave., from 107 Herkimer east to Grant, between Ferry and Breckenridge. Ferry, East, from 1531 Main east to 1808 Bailey Ave. Ferry, West, from Erie Canal to 1530 Main. Fifteenth, from 141 York north- west to 273 Hampshire. Fifth, from 257 Court northwest to 79 Pennsylvania. Fillmore Ave., from 899 Seneca north to 2551 Main. Fischer, from Genesee north to * 1490 East Delavan Ave., second west of city line. Fisher, from 1396 Elk, north to 1529 Seneca. Changed to Keppel. Fisher, from Grant east to Rees, third north of West Forest Ave. Fitch, from 15 Myrtle, south one- half block to 198 Seneca. Fitzgerald, from N. Y., L. E. & W. Ry. north to 559 Elk. Fitzgerald Ave., from St. Law- rence Avenue north to Kenmore Ave., fifth east of Colvin. Fleming (formerly Norton), from Metcalf east to Babcock, first north of Clinton. Fletcher, from 1076 Hamburg Turnpike, east to L. S. Ry. 131 STR Flint, from LeRoy Ave. north to Rodney, second east of Fillmore Ave. Changed to Hill. Florence Ave., from 2240 Main northwest to Parkside. Florence Pl., from Kenmore Ave. south 500 feet, second west of Dela- ware Ave. Florida, from 1769 Main east to 547 Humboldt Parkway. Floss Ave., from Genesee north to Lang Ave., fifth east of Bailey Ave. Flower Ave. (formerly Lautz Ave.), from Tyler to N. Y., L. E. & W. Ry, first west of Main, near Inter- national Junction. Fly, from 8 Maiden Lane northwest to 22 Evans. FoLGER, from 840 Tifft northwest about 500 feet, second west of South Park Ave. FoLSOM, changed to Myrtle. Fordham Pl., from East Forest Avenue north to LeRoy Ave., second east of Fillmore Ave. Forest Ave., from 2270 Main east to Kensington Ave. Forest Ave., west from Erie Canal near 1589 Niagara east to 1616 Dela- ware Ave. FoRMAN Pl., first north of Doat, running northwest to Bell Ave. Fort, from Erie Canal east to 970 Niagara. Fort Porter, on triangle bounded by Vermont, Front Ave. and Erie Canal. Fougeron, from 69 Fillmore Ave., east to i486 Genesee. Foundry, from Hertel Ave., north to Gladstone Ave., first east of N. Y. C. R. R. tracks. Fourteenth, from 383 Pennsyl- vania, northwest to 237 Hampshire. Fourth, from 275 West Genesee, northwest to half block north of Mary- land, and from Pennsylvania to 52 Porter Ave,, one block east of Erie Canal. Fox, from 766 Broadway, north to 559 Best. Frank Ave., from Mineral Springs Road, southeast to Zittel, second north of Seneca. Frankfort Ave., from Warwick Ave., north of Bayfield, fifth east of Norfolk Ave. Franklin, from 63 Terrace, north to North. Fremont Pl., from 392 Virginia, north to 210 West North, changed to Elmwood Ave. French, from 147 Ave. A, east to 244 Moselle. Freund, from Genesee, north to 1455 East Delavan Ave., third west of east city line. Frey Pl., from 1679 Main, east to Masten, first south of Puffer. Fritz Al., from Emslie, east to Clare, first north of Clinton. Front, first from foot of Main, east to Clark & Skinner Ship Canal, also west to Commercial slip. Front Ave., (formerly Sixth), from 215 Court northwest to 979 Niagara. Fuller, from 74 Ontario, near 2261 Niagara, north to north line of lot 60. Fulton, from 87 Michigan, east to 278 Smith. Gallatin Ave., (formerly Cornell), from Martin Ave., northwest to On- tario, first east of Tonawanda. Galloway, from 83 Buffum, near 2215 Seneca, southeast to Winchester Ave. Galvin, from Kenmore Ave., about 500 feet south, second east of Elm- wood Ave. Ganson, from 17 Hamburg Turn- pike, northwest to Peck slip, opposite foot of Main. STR 132 Garden, from 292 Carolina, north to 363 Virginia. Garfield, from 2125 Niagara, east to 149 Tonawanda. Garfield, from 1612 William, north to 1821 Broadway, changed to Ideal. Garvey Ave., from 399 Hopkins, east, second north of Tifft. Gatchell, from 1620 Broadway, north to West Shore R'y crossing. Gay, from 487 Michigan, northeast to Potter. Geary, from Seneca, northeast to Frank Ave., third south of Mineral Springs Road. Gelston, from 83 W. Ferry, north to 17 Bouck Ave. Genesee, from 539 Main, northeast to city limits. Genesee, west, from 522 Main, southwest to Lake Erie. Geneva, from 390 Curtiss, west to West Shore R. R. Geoffrey Pl., from 344 South Park Ave., to proposed Boulevard, first south of Abbott Road. George, from 208 Mortimer to 350 feet east of Jefferson. Georgia, from Lake Erie, east to junction of Chippewa and Whitney Place. Gerhardt, from 412 Best, north to 377 Northampton. Germain, from 422 Amherst, south to Scajaquada creek and north to Grote, first west of Grant. German, changed to Eureka Place. Germania, second west of Hopkins, from Abbott Road, south to Tifft. Gesl, from Fillmore Ave., west to Pauline, first north of Steele. Gibson, from Curtiss, north to Broadway, second east of Fillmore Avenue. Gilbert, from Jordan Ave., north through 1280 Clinton to Erie R'y, second east of Babcock. Gillette Ave., from 390 EastDel- avan Ave., north to Oak Grove Ave., first east of Humboldt Parkway. Girard Pl., from Humboldt Park- way, east to 60 Fillmore Ave., north of Parade grounds. GiSEL,, from 1707 Bailey Avenue, east to N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R., first south of Genesee. GiTTERE, from 251 Walden Ave., south to railroad trestles, second east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. Gladstone, from Military Road, west to N. Y. Central R. R., first north of Hertel Ave. Glendale Pl., from 2095 Main, east to Humboldt Parkway, first south- west of Humboldt Parkway. Glenwood Ave., from 1433 Main, east to Humboldt Parkway, also from Fillmore Ave. east to N. Y. C Belt Line. Glor, from 88 MiHtary Road, north to 329 Austin, also north of Austin to N. Y. C. R. R. Goembel Ave., from Walden Ave., north about 2,000 feet, second west of Bailey Ave. Goethe, from 1750 William, north to Broadway. Gold, from 1648 William, north to Broadway. Good Ave., from 629 Hopkins, east and northeast to 865 Abbott Road. Goodell, from 785 Main, east to 88 Cherry. Goodell Al., changed to Edwin PL Goodliffe, from 67 Hopkins, east to South Park Ave., third north of Ma- nila. GoRSKi,from Clinton, south to Buff"- alo Creek, first west of Weiss. 133 STR GoODLiN Al., from 665 Virginia, north to 98 Carlton. Goodrich, from loii Main, east to 794 Michigan. Goodyear Ave., from 1432 Broad- way, north to Genesee. GoRHAM, from 1106 Elk, north to 1 171 Perry. Gorton, from 144 Amherst, north to 145 Hertel Ave. Grace, from 2107 Niagara, to Cor- nelius Creek. Grace Ave., changed to Pembina Ave. Grace Pl., from Dexter, north to Lyth PL, first east of Purdy. Grand, from Miller, northeast to N. Y., L. E. & W. R'y. Changed to Ashley. Graham Ave., from Mineral Springs Road, south to W. N. Y. & P. R. R., second southwest of city line. Granger, from 307 Chicago, east to Ohio Slip. Granger Pl., from Bird Ave., north to West Forest Ave., first east of Elmwood Ave. Grant, from junction of Hamp- shire and Arkansas, north to Scaja- quada Creek, and from 375 Amherst, northeast to 151 Military Road. Grape, from 248 Cherry, north to 349 Best. Gratiot Ave. (formerly Summit View Ave.), from 970 Grider, east to Wyoming. Greeley Ave., from Hertel Ave., north to Race, fifth east of Military Road. Green, from 146 Washington, east to 212 Michigan. Greene, from 1542 William, north to 1763 Broadway. Greenfield, from Elam PL, near 2430 Main, northwest to 1540 Amherst. Greenwood (formerly Emily), from 250 Bouck Ave., north to 287 Potomac Ave. Grey, from 668 Broadway north to High. Grider, from 940 East Ferry, north to 780 Delavan Ave , to LeRoy Ave. Griffin, from 160 Roseville, to 823 Seneca. Grimes, from 201 Clarke, east to 174 Playter, and from 31 Young to west line of lot 50. Griswold ( formerly Humboldt), from 313 Weiss, east to east city line, first north of Clinton. Grosvenor, from 30 Seymour, north to 624 Eagle. Grote, second south of N. Y. C. Belt Line, from 201 Military Road, east to Ex. & L. B. R. R. Grove, from Hertel Ave., north to Kenmore Ave., (nortli city line,) fourth east of Military Road. Guilford, from 832 Broadway, north to 669 Best. Gull, from Erie Canal, east to 1144 Niagara. Gunnell, from St. Lawrence Ave., north to Kenmore Ave. (north city line), eighth east of Colvin Gurnsey, from 114 Austin, north- west to no Hertel Ave. Hagen, from 1301 East Delavan Ave., south about 1,000 feet. Changed to Rumsey Hager. from 313 Puffer, north to 240 East Delavan Ave. Hagerman, from 682 Swan, north to 112 Seymour. H ALBERT, from Gesl, north to 17 Rodney, first east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. Hamburg, from 159 South, north to 551 Seneca. STR 134 Hamburgh Canal, from Commer- cial, east to 385 Hamburgh. Hamburgh Turnpike, from Buffa- lo River and 549 Ohio, south to city limits. Hamilton, from Erie Canal, east to 300 Tonawanda, crosses Niagara at 1917. Hamill Al., from 205 Chicago, east to rear 135 Fulton. Hammerschmidt Pl., from 182 1 Seneca, to Cazenovia Creek. Hampshire, from 940 Front Ave., northeast to junction Ferry and Hoyt. Hancock Ave., from B. R. & P. R. R., to Hopkins. Changed to Beacon. Handel Al., from 409 High, to 415 Best. Hannah, from 1125 William, south to Babcock. Hanover, from Prime, northeast to 106 Main. Harlow Pl., from Purdy, east to Alexander PL, first north of East Ferry. Harmonia, from 1046 Sycamore, north to Walden Ave. Harold Ave., from 296 Rano, northwest to Chaddock Ave., sixth east of Tonawanda. Harriet (^formerly Weber), from 1405 East Delavan Ave., nor to Sugar, fourth east of Bailey Ave. Harrington Ave., from Ontario, northwest to Esser, ninth east of Ton- awanda. Harrison, from Miller Ave., east to Koons Ave., first south of Syca- mour. Changed to Empire. Harrison, from 1262 Perry, north to W. N. Y. & P. R. R. tracks. Harrison Ave., from 600 East Delavan Ave., south to N. Y. C. Belt Line, fourth east of Fillmore Ave. Harrison Pl., from Sessions Ave., north to Villa Ave., third east of Del- aware Ave. Changed to Medford Pl. Hartman Pl., from Grace, north to Arthur, second east of Niagara. Harvard Pl. (formerly Michigan), from 1 6 14 Main, north to 993 West Delavan Ave. Harvard Pl., from Mendola to Kensington Ave. Changed to Palos Pl. Harvest Ave. (formerly Hopman) from St. Lawrence Ave., to Kenmore Ave. (north city line), tenth east of Colvin. Harvey Pl., from 125 Abbott Road, south to Stephens PL, third west of Smith. Harwood Pl. , from Jefferson east, first south of Puffer, to Buffalo Driv- ing Park. Hatch Slip, opposite foot of Mis- sissippi. Hauf, from 355 Utica, north to 353 Glenwood Ave. Haven, from Genesee, north to Scajaquada Creek, first east of Bailey Ave. Hawlby, from 220 Forest Ave., north to Letchworth. Hawthorne, from Chaucer, north to Kenmore Ave. (north city line), sec- ond west of N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Creek. Hawthorne Pl., from Massachu- setts, north to Hampshire. Changed to Lawrence PL Hayden (formerly Eckhart), from Seneca to Mineral Springs Road, first southeast of Mineral Springs Road. Hayward, from 350 Elk, north to Otto. Hazlewood Ave., from 1390 East Delavan Ave., north to Sugar, second east of Bailey Ave. Heacock, from 649 Scott, north to 645 Seneca. 135 STR Heath, from Main west to N.Y., L. E. & W. R. R., second north of Hertel Ave. Hecla Ave. (formerly Byron), from Chaucer, north to Kenmore Ave. (north citvHne), third west of N. Y., L. E. 8z W. R. R. Creek. Hedley Pl., from Jefferson, east to Oak Grove Ave., first north of East Delavan Ave. Helen, from 147 Dewitt, to 298 Herkimer. Helen, from east city line, south to Cazenovia Creek, first south of Seneca. Hemenway, from Zelmer, east to city line, first south of Genesee. Hendricks, from Main, west toD., L. & W. R. R., fourth north of Hertel Ave. Changed to Merrimac. Hennepin (formerly Euclid), from Bailey Ave., east to Greene, third north of William. Henkicka, from iisiWilliam, south- west to 959 Babcock. Henrietta Ave., from Ontario, northwest to 225 Esser, ninth east of Tonauanda. Henry, from Erie Canal, west to 160 Terrace. Henry Pl., from Kenmore Ave. (north city line), south about 500 feet, second west of Elmwood Ave. Herbert Ave., from 1135 Puffer north to 1055 East Delavan Ave. Herbert Pl., from Kenmore Ave. (north city line), south about 500 feet, first west of Delaware Ave. Herkimer, from 215 Albany, north to 181 Bird Ave. Herman, from 800 Broadway, north to 663 Best. Hersee Al. (formerly Koons Al.), from 255 Ellicott, east to 168 Oak. Hertel Ave., from Niagara River, near 2979 Niagara, northeast and east to 3024 Main. Hertel Ave., east of Main. See East Hertel Ave. Heussey Ave., from 866 Abbott Road, north to Buffalo Creek, second west of South Park Ave. Heward, from Fuller, east to Ton- awanda, first north of Ontario. Hewitt, from Range Ave., east to Bailey Ave., first south of East Hertel Ave. Hibbard, changed to Plymouth Ave. Hickman Ave., from 1532 Delavan Ave., north to south Hne of lot 45. Hickory, from 417 Swan, north and northwest to 89 Cherry. » High, from 975 Main, east to 881 Genesee. Highland Ave., from about iioo Delaware Ave., west to Richmond Ave. Highland Pl., from East Forest Ave., north to LeRoy Ave. Changed to Worcester Pl. Hill, from LeRoy Ave., north to Rodney, second east of Fillmore Ave. Hillery Ave., from Mineral Springs Road, southeast about 1000 feet, first southwest of W. N. Y. & P. R. R. crossing. Hillery Pl., from 3275 Main, east to Bailey Ave. Hilton, from 242 Curtiss, north to Lovejoy. Hines (formerly Dalton), from 32 Downing, south about 500 feet, first east of South Park Ave. HiNMAN Ave., from 2660 Delaware Ave., east to Grove. Hiram, from 758 East Ferry, north to 560 East Delavan Ave. Hirschbeck, from 1568 Broadway, north to West Shore R. R. Hodge, from about 355 Vermont, northwest to Rhode Island. Changed to Lowell Pl. STR 136 Hodge Ave., from 953 Delaware Ave., west to Ashland Ave. Hoffman Al., from 93 Hamilton, south and from 96 Hamilton, north to 99 Austin. Hoffman Ave., changed to Key- stone Ave. HoLBORN (formerly Windsor), from Olymptic Ave., east to Bailey Ave., second north of East Delavan Ave. HoLDEN, from East Forest Ave., north to Rodney, first east of Fillmore Ave. Holland Pl. (formerly North Elm) from 66 Northampton, north to Riley, second east of Main. HoLLiSTER, from 399 Spring, north- east to Mortimer. HoLLEY, from Buffalo Creek, to Clinton, fifth east of Weiss. Hollywood Aye., from 260 Boule- vard, east to 1739 Abbott Road. Holt, from 150 Lewis, west to In- dian Reservation line, and east to lot 57, first south of Holly. Homer Ave., from Hertel Ave., north to Tacoma Ave., second east of Delaware Ave. Hopkins, from 208 Marilla, north to 711 Abbott Road. HoPMAN, from St. Lawrence Ave., north to Kenmore Ave. Changed to Harvest. Horning Pl., from Kenmore Ave. (north city line), south about 500 feet, fourth west of Elmwood Ave. Houghton, from 1163 Broadway, south to Kent, (formerly Arlington). Houston, from 553 Hopkins, east. Howard, from 305 Jefferson, east to 422 Bailey Ave. Howard Ave., from 313 Summer, north. Changed to Norwood Ave. Howell, from 472 Amherst, north to Chandler, also south to Scajaquada Creek. Howlett, (formerly Ullman), from Walden Ave., south through 1148 Sycamore to West Shore R. R. Yards, first east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. HoYER Pl., from Sessions Ave., north to Villa Ave., second east of Delaware Ave. HoYT, from 356 West Ferry, north to 341 West Forest Ave. HuBBELL Ave., from 430 South Park Ave., east to 780 Boulevard. Hudson, from Erie Canal, north- east to 28 Wads worth. Crosses Niag- ara at 462. Hughes, (formerly Parkway Ave.) from Jefferson, east to Oak Grove Ave., third north of East Delavan Ave. HuMBER Ave., from 835 East Dela- van Ave., north to Sussex Ave., third east of Grider. Humboldt Al., changed to Gris- wold. Humboldt Parkway, from the Park, southwest to the Parade. Cross- es Main at 2100. Humboldt Pl., from Main, east to Humboldt Parkway, changed to East- wood Pl. Hunt Ave., from 1729 Tonawanda, east to Norman Ave. Huntingdon Ave., from East Del- avan Ave., north to Kensington Ave. Changed to Dearfield. Huntington, from Ellsworth, north to north city line, near Main. Huntington Ave , from Main, west to Parkside Ave., fourth north of Amherst. HuRLBURT, from 50 South Park Ave., west to W. N. Y. & P. R. R., first north of south city line. Huron, East, from 543 Main, east to 238 Oak. Huron, West, from 544 Main, west to 193 Niagara. 137 STR Hydraulic, from 745 Scott, north to 783 Seneca. Idaho, from Military Road, west to N. Y. C. R. R., fifth north of Hertel Ave. Ideal (formerly Garfield) from 1588 William, north to Broadway, third east of Bailey Ave. Illinois, from Buffalo River, north to 67 Scott. Imson, from 1224 Seneca, north to W. N. Y. & P. R. R., and south and west to Babcock. Indian Church Road, changed to Winchester Ave. Indian Reservation Line, from Buffalo River about 500 feet, east of Hamburg, northeast in a straight line along Fillmore Ave. to North Division and Eagle, to the angle in Clinton, and to the center of William. Indiana, from Buffalo River, north to 41 Perry. Inkerman, from South Park Ave., east to Abbott Road. Changed to W^oodside. International Park Ave., from Humboldt Parkway, east to Fillmore Ave. , first north of East Ferry. In wood Pl., from 25 Windsor Ave., east to Delaware Ave. Iroquois (formerly Cleveland), from 452 West Ferry, north to Brecken- ridge. Irving Pl., from 135 Allen, north to 152 North. Irvington Ave., from Warwick Ave., north to Bayfield, second east of Norfolk. Island, No. i in lot 11 and No. 2 in lot I, northeast of the junction of White's Corners Road and Buffalo Aurora Plank Road. Ithica Pl. (formerly Dold), from Tifft, south to Whitefield Ave., first east of South Park Ave. Ivy (formerly Oakland Ave.), from Walden Ave., north to Genesee, third, east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. Jackson, from 143 Church, north to Court Pl. James, from 135 Emslie, east to 195 Fillmore Ave. James, from 36 Military Road, north to 289 Austin. Changed to Clay. Jane, from from Erie, northwest to Coit Basin. Jar vis, from Hertel Ave., north to Race, first east of Elmwood Ave. Jefferson, from 599 Exchange, north to 1975 Main. Jefferson Al., from 797 Jefferson, east between Virginia and Carlton. Jehle, from 570 Doat, north to Sca- jaquada Creek, first west of east city line. Jerry, changed to Olga Pl. Jersey, from Lake Erie, northeast to 56 Richmand Ave, Crosses Niagara at 585 Jessemin, from 751 Grant, east to 238 Reese. Jewett Al., from 13 Elk, north to 81 Perry. Jewett Ave., East, from 2421 Main, east to 1006 Fillmore Ave. Jewett Ave., W^est, fron 2420 Main, west to the Park. John, from 14 West Seneca, south 400 feet. Johnson, from 700 Broadway, north to 529 Best. Johnson Ave., from Kerns Ave., to Lang Ave. Changed to Texas Ave. Johnson Park, formerly Johnson's Pl. and Park Pl.) from 274 Delaware Ave. , west to 247 Carolina. Jones, from 1000 Clinton, north to Lyman. Jordan Ave., (formerly Blank Ave.) from 360 Babcock, east to Scoville Ave. STR 138 Jordan Pl., from Seneca, north- east to Buifalo Creek, first southeast of Buffalo Creek bridge. Joseph, from Kensington Ave., west, first south of East Forest Ave. Josephine, from Northampton, north to Urban, third west of N. Y. C. Belt Line. JosiA Pl., from 397 South Park Ave., west to 216 Triangle. JosLYN Pl., from 340 Austin, north to Cornelius Creek. JOY, from 118 Water, west to Erie Basin, Juliet, from Tonavvanda, south- east to D. L. & W. R. R., first south of Cornelius Creek Julius, from 143 Downing, south 500 feet, fourth east of South Park Ave. Juniata Ave., from 1780 Seneca, northeast to Buffalo Creek. Kamper Ave., from 2100 Seneca, northeast to Frank Ave. Kane, from 400 Sycamore, north to 495 Genesee. Kasota Ave., from Bangor PL, north to Villa Ave., second west of Colvin. Katharine, from Union Iron Works, north to 527 Elk. Keep Al., from 336 Virginia, east and northeast to 43 Twelfth. Kehr, from Genesee, north to Ferry, about eight blocks north of Belt Line R. R. Keil, from 268 Amherst, north to 261 Austin. Keim, from 1175 Elk, north to Perry, fourth east of Babcock. Kenilworth. from Norfolk Ave., east to Bailey Ave. Changed to Beverly Ave. Kenilworth, from Main to north city line, first north of Eley. (Engle- wood Ave.) Kenmore Ave., (north city line,) from Main, west to O'Neil. Kennard Ave., from Bangor PL, north to Kenmore Ave., third east of Colvin. Kensington Ave. (formerly Elli- cott Turnpike) from 767 Fillmore Ave. to east city line. Kent, from 61 Sweet Ave., east to Houghton. Kentucky, from 42 St. Clair, north to 141 Mackinaw. Keppel (formerly Fisher), from 1396 Elk, north to Seneca, first east of Bailey Ave. Kerns Ave., from Bailey, east to Newburgh Ave., first north of Gene- see. Kertz, see Condon Ave. Ketchum, changed to Neptune. Ketchum Pl., from 409 Jersey, northwest to York. Keystone (formerly Hoffman and Arthur), from 700 Walden Ave., north to Doat, and south from 697 Walden Ave., to W. S. R. R. Kiefer, from 106 Walden Ave., north to 1267 Genesee. KiLLHOFFER, from Genesee, north to Puffer, third west of Bailey Ave. KiMMEL Ave., from 890 Abbott Road, north to Buffalo Creek, second east of Bailey Ave. King, from 1881 Broadway to Bailey Ave. along N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. KiNGSLEY. from 1 22 1 Jefferson, east to Humboldt Parkway. KiRKPATRiCK, (formerly Spencer), from Herbert, east to Bailey Ave., first south of East Delavan Ave. Klaus, from Metcalf, east to Jones, second north of Clinton. Knoerl Ave., from Seneca, south- west to Cazenovia Creek, first south of Mineral Springs Road. 139 STR Knox, from Delaware Ave., east to Virgil Ave., second north of Hertel Ave. KoFLER Ave., from Military Road, east to Clayton, fourth north of Hertel Ave. KooNS Al., changed to Hersee Al. KooNS Ave., from 1458 Broadway, north to Genesee. KosciuszKO, from 1190 Broadway, north to Sycamore. KozLOWAKi, from Piatti, south to Scajaquada Creek, (bet. Yates and Nelson.) Krettner, from 162 Howard, north to 717 Broadway. Krupp, from 1381 Broadway, south to N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. yards. KuEMPLER Ave., from 1354 Broad- way, north to W. S. R. R. Laban Al., from 85 Lord, west to Grosvenor. Lackawanna, from Germania,west through 327 Abby, to B. R. & P. R.R. Lacy, from 49 St. Clair, south to Buffalo River. Lafayette, from 447 Main, east to junction Washington and Broadway. LaForce Pl., from Hertel Ave., north about 500 feet, first east of Mili- tary Road. Laird Ave., from 921 Tonawanda, east to Laird. Lake, from Erie Basin, east to 84 River, also from 100 Main, west to Commercial. Lakeview Ave., from 79 Pennsyl- vania and 419 Fifth, northwest to 147 Porter Ave. Lakewood Ave., from 1095 Abbott Road, southwest to 805 Boulevard, then west to 372 Lakewood Ave. Lamont Pl., from 112 Ontario, north to Heward, second east of Niag- ara. Lancaster Ave., from 1295 Dela- ware Ave., to 724 Elm wood Ave. Landon, from 1287 Jefferson, east to Fillmore Ave. Lang Ave., from Bailey Ave., east to Weber, third north of Genesee. Lansing, from Military Road, west to Joslyn PL, first north of Austin. Lark, from Sidney, north to Scaja- quada Creek, first east of Humboldt Parkway. Larrabee, from 43 Hopkins, east to South Park Ave., second north of Marilla. LaSalle Ave., from Main to Bailey Ave., first north of Hertel Ave. Lathrop, from 1220 Broadway, north to 167 Walden Ave. Latour, from 74 Walden Ave., north to 1229 Genesee. Laurel, from 1352 Michigan, east to 1290 Jefferson. Lautz, from Tyler, to Angle. Changed to Flower. Laux, from 1130 Clinton, north to 125 Norton. Lawlin Pl., changed to Baynes. Lawn Ave., from 70 Norris Ave. to Military Road, first north of Hertel Ave. Lawrence Ave., from 1283 Abbott Road, southwest to 600 Boulevard, Lawrence Pl., (formerly Haw- thorn Pl. and Sixteenth), from Massa- chusetts, north to 311 Hampshire. Layer Ave., from Military Road to 98 Clayton, third north of Hertel Ave. LeCouteulx, from 61 Water to 106 Canal. Ledger, from Hertel Ave., south to N. Y. C. R. R. (Belt Line), midway between Elmwood Ave. and Dela- ware Ave. Lee, from 344 Abbott Road, north to 933 Elk. STR 140 Lehigh, from 405 Ding^ens, north to William. Changed to Gambia. Lehigh, from Marilia, north about 1,000 feet, second west of Hopkins. Lehigh Ave., from B., R. & P. R. R., east to 494 Hopkins. Lemon, from 140 Cherry, north to 267 East North. Lennox Ave., from Mineral Springs Road, south to W. N Y. & P. R. R., first west of east city line. Lenox, from Kensington Ave.. north to Alvin Ave., first west of Bailey Ave. Lenox Ave., from Orleans, east to Eg£;ert, second south of Kensington Ave. Leo. from Walden Ave., south to W. S. R. R. Changed to Fay. Leo, from 1763 Genesee, to about 500 feet south of Doat. Changed to Rawlins. LeRoy Ave., from 2340 Main, east to 370 Kensington Ave. ] .ESLiE, from Genesee, north to Puffer, fourth west of Bailey Ave. Lester, from 1832 Seneca, north to B. N. Y. & P. R. R. Letchworth, from 156 ^Dart, east to 156 Reese. Lewis, from loii William, south- west to Clinton. Lewis Pl., from Sessions, north to Kenmore Ave. Changed to Winthrop Pl. Lexington Ave., fromjEuclid Ave., east to Liberty Ave., first north of LeRoy Ave. Changed to Shawnee. Lexington Ave., from 951 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. Changed to Tamarack Ave. Lexington Ave., (formerly Buder) from 1064 Delaware Ave., west to 391 Richmond Ave. Liberty Ave., from 442 Kensing- ton Ave., north to south line of Lot 44. Liberty Ave., from Regina PL, east to Fillmore Ave. Changed to Mohican Ave. LiDDELL, from 1482 Broadway, north to W. S. R. R. Lincoln Ave., from B. R. & P. R. R., east to Hopkins. Changed to Mystic Ave. Lincoln Pkwy., from Soldiers' PL, north to the Park Lake. Linden Ave., from Starin Ave., west to Colvin, first north of Amherst. Linden Ave., from Eley to Crosby. Changed to Emerson. Linwood Ave., from 42 West North, north to 923 Delavan Ave. Lisbon, (formerly Columbue) from Main, east to Bailey Ave., third north of Hertel Ave. Litchfield, from Grider, east to Wyoming Ave., first north of East Delavan Ave. Little Ave., from Bailey Ave., east to Archer Ave., first north of Seneca. Livingston from 403 Bouck Ave., south to 495 Breckenridge. Livingston Ave., changed to Federal. Lloyd, from Buffalo River, north- east to 132 Main. Lock, from 92 Terrace, northwest to 128 Erie. Lockwood, changed to Smith. Locust, from 104 Cherry, north to 241 east North. LoEPERE, from 1090 Broadway, north to Sycamore. Logan, from 41 Reservation, east through 29 Bridgeman to N. Y. C. Belt Line. Logan, from Military Road, west to N. Y. C. R. R. Changed to Say re. HI STR Logan Ave., from Genesee, north to Puffer. Changed to Zenner. Lombard., from 60 Curtiss, north to loii Broadway. LoNGNECKER, from 1574 WilHam, north to N. Y. C R. R. LoNGViEW Ave., from East Dela- van Ave., south to N. Y. C. R. R., third east of Fillmore Ave. Long Wharf, from foot of Com- mercial, west. Lord, from 822 Seneca, north to 221 Howard. Loring Ave., from Main, east to Humboldt Parkway, first north of Jefferson. Louisiana, from Buffalo River, north to 375 Seneca. Louissen, from Northampton, north to 239 Fougeron. Love Al., from 70 Ohio, north to Perry. LovEjOY, from 477 Emslie, east to 312 Curtiss, also from 897 Bailey Ave. to 161 Goethe and city limits. Lovering Ave., from Hertel Ave., north to Taunton Ave. , fourth east of Delaware Ave. Lowell, from 342 Vermont, north to 351 Rhode Island (formerly Hodge.) LuciNDA Pl., from 44 Juliet, north to 57 Rano Ave., first west of Tona- wanda. LuDiNGTON, from near 823 Bailey Ave., east to city limits. Lutheran, from 234 William, north to 359 Broadway. Lyman, from 131 Metcalf, east to 159 Lewis. Lyth Pl. , from Purdy, east to Jef- ferson, first south of Puffer. MacCauley, from 337 South Park Ave., west to 150 Triangle. Mackinaw, from 250 Ohio, east to Indian Reservation line. Madison, from 586 Eagle, north to Brown. Maiden Lane, from 11 Water, east to Canal. Main, from Buffalo River, north to city limits. Main and Hamburgh Canal, from 117 Main, east to Hamburgh. Malta Pl., (formerly Compromise Al.) from 312 Maryland, northwest to 177 West Ave. Mandan, (formerly Carter) from Hertel Ave., south to Trost, first east of Elmwood Ave. Manhart, from Norfolk Ave., east to Bailey Ave., second north of War- wick Ave. Manhattan Ave , from East Dela- van Ave., north. Changed to Am- sterdam. Manhattan Ave., from 469 LeRoy Ave., north to Kensington Ave. thence east to D. L. & W. R. R. Manitoba, (formerly Oneida) from Gilbert, east to Baitz Ave., first north of Clinton, M ANTON Pl., from 148 Grote, north to 143 Chandler. Maple, from 34 Cherry, north to 189 East North. Maple Ridge Ave., from Grider, east to Wyoming Ave., fourth north of East Delavan Ave. Margaret, from 178 Curtiss, north to Robert. Mariemont, from 794 South Park Ave., east about 2000 feet, first south of Woodside. Marigold, (formerly Pleasant Ave). from LeRoy Ave. , north to 1000 feet beyond Shawnee Ave., fourth east of Fillmore Ave. Marilla, from L. S. R. R. track, east to 961 South Park Ave. Mariner, from 370 Virginia, north to 234 West North. STR 142 Marion Ave., from Elm wood Ave., west 648 feet, first north of Amherst. Marjorte, from Seneca, northeast to city line, first northwest of city line. Mark, from 22 William, north to Gay. Market, see East Market. Markham Pl., from Sessions Ave., north to Villa Ave., first east of Dela- ware Ave. Marquette Pl., (formerly Milton PI.) from Olympic Ave., east to Ocean Ave., third north of East Delavan Ave. Marshall, from near 1300 Gene- see, north to Northampton. Martin Ave., from 691 Tona- wanda, east to 26 Mayer Ave. Marvin, from 172 Elk, north to 231 Perry, Mary, from 41 Indiana, east to Illinois. Maryland, from Erie Canal, north- east to 52 College. Crosses Niagara at 397. Mason, from 16 Breckenridge, north to 19 Auburn Ave. Massachusetts, from 865 Front Ave,, northeast to 469 West Ferry. Masten, from 226 East North, north to 1750 Main. Mathews, from 227 Mortimer, east to Jefferson. Maurice, from Prenatt, north to 1 1 41 Seneca. May, (formerly Doll, Doll Ave., and Philip), from West Shore Ave., north to Genesee, third west of Bailey Ave. Mayback Pl., from Jordan PL, northwest to Buffalo Creek, second north of Seneca. Mayer Ave., from 154 Rano Ave., northwest to 247 Ontario. Maynard, (formerly Webster) from 428 West Ferry, north to 465 Brecken- ridge. McKibben, from Moselle, east to Koons Ave., first north of Walden Ave. McKiNLEY, from Babcock, east to Scoville Ave., first south of Clinton. McPherson, changed to Elmwood Ave. Mead Al., from 149 Eagle, south to 146 North Division. Mechanic, from Erie Canal, north to 216 Terrace. Medford Pl., (formerly Harrison PL), from Sessions Ave., north to Villa Ave., third east of Delaware Ave. Medina, from Church, west to Erie Canal, between Terrace and Genesee. Meech, from 472 Virginia, north to 82 Allen. Meech Ave., from 210 East Dela- van Ave., north to Loring Ave. M e L d R u M , (formerly Whitney), from Elmwood Ave., west to N. Y. C. Belt Line, second north of Amherst. Melrose, from 11 20 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. Melvin Pl., (formerly Sloan PL), from 1397 Elk, south to Buffalo Creek. M e N d o L A , (formerly Arlington Ave.), from Kensington Ave., east to Wyoming Ave,, first east of Grider. Meriden Ave., from 1340 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. Merrimac, (formerly Hendricks), from Main, west to Angle, near north city line. Mesmer, from 400 South Park Ave., east to 745 Boulevard. Metcalf, from 975 Clinton, north- east to 895 William. Meteor Al., (formerly Anderson), from 71 Emslie, east to 60 Lord. Miami, from 196 Ohio, east to 203 Hamburgh. Michigan, from Buffalo River, north to 993 Delavan Ave. 143 STR MiLBURN, from N.Y, C. R. R. yards, north to 1319 Broadway, third east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. Mildred ( formerly Alexander ), from Tyler, north to Eley, near north city line, third west of Main. MiLFORD, from 1186 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek, sixth southeast of South Park Ave. Military Road, from 282 Amherst north to city limits. Mill, changed to Railroad. Miller, from Broadway to N. Y. C. R. R.., eighth east of Belt Line R. R. Changed to Quincy. Miller, from Puffer north to 627 Delavan Ave. Changed to Chelsea PI. Miller Ave., from Broadway, north to Sycamore, east of Belt Line R. R. Miller Pl., from Delaware Ave., south to Puffer. Mills, from 1028 Broadway, north to Genesee. Milnor, from 82 William, north to 211 Broadway. Milton, from 1296 Seneca to B. N. Y. & P. R. R., also south from 1296 Seneca to Lehigh Valley R. R. Milton Pl., from Olympic Ave. to Ocean Ave. Changed to Marquette. Pl. Mineral Springs Road, from 1940 Seneca, northeast to city limits. Minnesota Ave. (formerly Summit Park Ave.), from Main, east to Bailey Ave., second north of East Hertel Ave. Minton, from Smith, east to Sel- kirk, between Perry and Exchange, Mississippi, from Buffalo River, north to 93 Scott. Moeller, from 1655 Bailley Ave., east to N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Mohawk, E., from 487 Main, east to 246 EUicott, Mohawk, W., from 488 Main, west to 145 Wilkeson. Mohican Ave. (formerly Liberty Ave.), from Regina PL, east to Fill- more Ave., first south of East Delavan Ave. Mohr, from 1281 Broadway, south to N. Y. C. R. R. Monroe, from 641 Eagle, north to Brown. Montana, from 1620 Genesee, north to 1300 East Ferry, Montcalm, from Englewood Ave., east to Montrose, fourth south of Ken- more Ave. Montclare Ave., from 496 LeRoy Ave., north to Junction of LeRoy and Kensington Aves. Montgomery, from 874 Eagle, north to 305 Howard. Momtrose, from Kenmore Ave., (north city line.) south, first east of Eley. Moore, from 214 Ohio, north to 153 Elk. Moreland, from Bailey Ave., east to Greene, first north of Lovejoy. Morgan, from 139 West Eagle, north to 142 West Chippewa. Morley Pl., from East Ferry, north about 500 feet , first east of Michigan. Morris Ave., from Main, west to Linden Ave., first north of Amherst. Morse, from Payson, east to Wight- man Ave., first north of Abbott Road. Mortimer, from 342 William, north to 199 Cherry. Morton, from 3226 Main, west to D. L. & W. R. R. Morton Pl., (formerly Weaver Al.) from 76 Goodell, north to 637 Virginia. Moselle, from 318 Walden Ave., north to 1059 East Ferry. MuGLEjR, from Seneca, southwest to Cazenovia Creek, fourth southeast of Mineral Springs Road. STR 144 Mulberry, from 68 Cherry, north to 215 East North. MuMFORD, from 1040 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. Myers, from loio Genesee, north to 745 Best. Myron Ave., from Villa Ave., north to Kenmore Ave., first east Delaware Ave. Myrtle Ave., from 309 Michigan, east to 86 Jefferson. Mystic, (formerly Lincoln) from B. R. & P. R. R., eastto 614 Hopkins. Navel Ave., from Bailey Ave., east to Newburgh Ave., second north of Genesee. Nelson, from 621 Amherst, south to Scajaquada Creek, Neptune, (formerly Ketchum Al.) from 130 Carlton, north to 139 High. Nevada Ave., from Genesee, north to Ferry, third east of Moselle. Newburgh Ave., from 305 Doat, north to Bell Ave., (closed between Bell and Genesee) thence from Gene- see, north to 1285 East Delavan Ave, Newbury, from 736 South Park Ave., east to 306 Boulevard. Newell, from 965 William to 568 Howard. Newell Ave., from 2443 Niagara east to Albert Ave. Changed to Roy- al Ave. Newerf, from Mystic Ave. south to Beacon Ave., first west of Abbey. Newfield, from 360 Esser Ave., north to O'Neil. Newport Ave., from St. Lawrence Ave., north to Kenmore Ave. (north city line), eleventh east of Colvin. New South Ogden, from 380 Dingens, north to 1763 William. Newton, from 340 Curtiss, west to W. S. R. R. Niagara, from 346 Main, northwest to city limits. Niagara Sq., at junction of Court, West Genesee, Delaware Ave. and Niagara. Nichols Al., changed to Nichols PI. Nichols Pl., north from 150 Sene- ca. Nicholson Ave., from Eley, east to Crosby PL, second south of Ken- more Ave. Nineteenth, from Rhode Island, north to 353 West Ferry. Norfolk Ave., from East Ferry, north through 995 East Delavan Ave. to Kensington Ave., seventh east of Grider. Normal Ave. (formerly Thirteenth), from 350 Pennsvlvania, northwest to 185 Albany. Norman, from Seneca, northeast to Frank Ave., sixth south of Mineral Springs Road. Norman, from 208 Rano Ave., north- west to See Ave. Norman Ave., from Bailey Ave., east to east city line, first south of northeast city line. NoRRis (formerly Cass), from Her- tel Ave., north to Race, sixth east of Military Road. NoRRis Pl., changed to Day's Park. North, from 1040 Main, west to the Circle. North, E., from 1039 Main, east to 382 Herman. North Central Ave., from 1681 Broadway, south 814 feet. North Division, from 333 Main, east to 94 Fillmore Ave. North Dupont, from East Ferry, north 535 feet. North Elm, changed to Holland Pl. North Morgan, from 135 Edward, north to 411 Virginia. 145 STR North OgdeN, from 17 14 William, north to 9 1 1 VValden Ave. North Parade Ave., from Fill- more Ave., east to East Parade PI. North Park Ave., (or Roesch), from Palace Ave., east to Kenmore Ave., fourth north of Ontario. North Pearl, from 530 Virginia, north to 38 West North. Northampton, from 1253 Main, east to N. Y. C. Belt Line. Northumberland Ave., from East Ferry, north to Kensington, sixth east of Grider. Norton, from 77 Water, northwest to Peacock. Norton, (East Buffalo), from 285 Fillmore Ave., east to Babcock. Changed to Fleming. Norwalk, from Linden Ave., north to Taunton, second east of Colvin. NoRWOod Ave., (formerly Howard), from 313 Summer, north to Bouck Ave., (closed between Bouck and Delavan Aves.), from West Delavan, north to West Forest Ave. Norwood Pl., from 347 Baynes, east to Richmond Ave. Oak, from 69 Swan, north to 79 Best, closed between High and North. Oak Grove Ave., from 270 East Delavan Ave., north to N. Y. C. Belt Line, second east of Jefferson. OAKDALe Pl., from Seneca, south to Lehigh R. R., second east of Bab- cock. Oakland, from Walden Ave., north to Genesee. Changed to Ivy. Oakland Ave., from 163 Summer to 214 Bryant. Oakwood Ave., from 2306 Main, northwest to Parkside, and from 2334 Main, east to N. Y. C. Belt Line. Oberlin, (formerly St. Louis Ave.) from Walden Ave., south to W.S.R.R. Yards, fourth east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. Ocean Ave., from 1090 East Dela- van Ave., north to Beverly. Ohio, from 3 Main, southeast to Buffalo River and i Hamburgh Turn- pike. Ohio Basin, from Buffalo River and Ohio, north to Mackinaw, west of Louisiana. Ohio Slip, from Main and Ham- burgh Canal, south to Ohio Basin. Olga Pl., (formerly Jerry) from Clare, east to 328 Fillmore Ave. Olive, from Seneca to Bufi^alo Creek. Changed to Pomona Pl. Olive, from 2530 Delaware Ave., west to Erie R. R. Oliver, from Payson, east to Wightman, second north of Abbott Road. Olmsted, from Schutrum, east to Bailey Ave., between Broadway and Sycamore. Olsen, from Clinton, northwest, first east of Bailey Ave. Olympic, from 1075 East Delavan Ave., north to Beverly. Oneida, from 237 Emslie to 283 Fillmore Ave. Oneida, from Gilbert to Baitz. Changed to Manitoba. O'Neil, from 2687 Niagara, north- east to city limits. Ontario, from 2261 Niagara, north- east to city limits. Orange, from 174 Cherry, north to 291 East North. Orchard Pl., from Main, west to N. Y. C Belt Line, second south of Amherst. Orlando, from 232 Prenatt, north to 1169 Seneca. Orlando Al., from 259 Washing- ton, east to Ellicott. Changed to Dickens Al. Orleans, from Sugar, north to STR 146 Kensington Ave., second east of Bailey Ave. Orson Pl., from Kenmore Ave., south 500 feet, fourth east of Elmwood Ave. OR.TON PL.,from 354 Hudson, north- west to 355 Pennsylvania. Osage, from 527 Hopkins, east to Triangle. Oscar, from 23 Laux, east 376 feet. Oscar, from St. Lawrence Ave., north to Kenmore Ave., (north city line) thirteenth east of Colvin. Oswego, from Colchester, east to Eggert, second west of Eggert. Otis Pl., from 40 Woodlawn Ave., north to 35 East Ferry. Ottawa, from Louisiana and Ohio Basin, east to 55 Hamburgh. Otto, from 93 Hay ward, east to 360 Alabama. Owahn Pl., from 250 Abbott Road, north to 123 Prenatt. Oxford Pl., from West Ferry, north to West Delavan Ave., first west of Main. Pacific, from Austin, north to 203 Hertel Ave., about six blocks north of 1987 Niagara. Pacific Ave., from East Delavan Ave., north to Beverly. Changed to Ocean Ave. Pacific Pl., from Auburn Ave., north to Lancaster Ave., first west of Delaware Ave. Page, from 605 Hertel Ave., north to Race. Palace Ave., from Crowley Ave., north to O'Neill (city line) first east of Niagara. Palos Pl., (formerly Harvard Pl.) from Mendola, north to Kensington Ave., first west of Wyoming Ave. Pansy, from Florida, north to 270 -East Delavan Ave. Parish, from 1775 Niagara, north- east to 222 Tonawanda. Park, from 422 Virginia, north to 178 West North, Park Pl., from 286 Delaware Ave., west to Johnson Pl. Changed to Johnson Park. Park Ridge Ave., from Kensington Ave., north to Alvin Ave., second west of Bailey Ave. Parker Ave., from Main to Hertel Ave., first south of Amherst. Parkside Ave., from Humboldt Pkwy., north to Hertel Ave., first east of the Park. Parkway Ave., from Jefferson, east to Oak Grove Ave. Changed to Hughes Ave. Parnell Ave., from B. R. & P. R. R., east to 306 Abby, second south of Abbott Road. Pauline, from Steele, north to Gesl, first west of Fillmore Ave. Payne Ave., from 423 Hopkins, east to Triangle. Payson Ave., from Abbott Road, north and east to Bailey Ave., second northwest of Bailey Ave. Peabody, from 905 Elk, north to 1069 Seneca. Peach, from 208 Cherry, north to 323 Best. Peacock, from 46 Evans, north- west to 170 Erie. Pearl, from Erie Canal, north to 24 W. Tupper, first west of Main. Pearl Pl., from 521 Virginia, south to rear of St. Louis' Church. Peck, from N. Y. C. R. R. Yards, north to 1413 Broadway. Peck Slip, opposite foot of Main. Peckham, from 94 Mortimer, east to Playter. Pembina, from 668 Hopkins, west to 325 Germania. 147 STR Pembroke Ave., from Grider, east to Wyoming Ave., fifth north of East Delavan Ave. Penfield, from 1363 Niagara, east to 1 142 West Ave. Pennsylvania, from Erie Canal, east to the Circle. Crosses Niagara at 524- Peoria (formerly Thompson), from Grace, north to Arthur, first west of Tonavvanda. Perkins Pl., from 217 Dewitt, east to 368 Herkimer. Perry, from 55 Main, east to 52 Dole. Person, from N. Y. C. R. R., north to 1500 Broadway. Peter, from 448 Amherst, north to Grote, third west of N. Y. State Reser- vation Line, also south from 448 Am- herst to Scajaquada Creek. Peterson, from 1025 Fillmore Ave. northeast to Mills. Petrie, from 545 Doat, north to Scajaquada Creek. Pfaudler, from 729 East Delavan Ave., north, first west of Grider. Phelps, from 1042 Fillmore Ave., west to H albert. Philadelphia Ave., from Clarion Ave. (at junction ot N. Y. C. and D. L. & W. R. R.), northwest to 299 Esser. Philip, changed to May. PiATTi, from Yates, east to Nelson, first south of Amherst. PiCARD, from 257 Clinton, north to William. Pine, from 280 Swan, north and northwest to 125 Sycamore. Pink, from 227 Lord, east to 144 Montgomery. Pink Al., from 9 Bond, east to 24 Lord. Pittsburg Ave., from 48 Lehigh Ave., north to D. L. & W. R. R. Playter, from Curtiss, north to 1072 Broadway. Pleasant Ave., from 436 LeRoy Ave., north to south line of lot 44. Changed to Marigold. Pleasant Pl., from Florida, north to 200 East Delavan Ave., first east of Jefft^rson. Plymouth Ave., from 306 Hudson, northwest to 116 Breckenridge. Poland Ave., from Hopkins, east, first north of Tifft. Polish Pl., from Seward Ave., south to Buffalo River, first east of South Ogden. PoMEROY Ave., from Seneca, south to Cazenovia Creek, first east of Buf- falo Crt- ek bridge. Pomona Pl., from Seward Ave., south to Bufllalo River, first east of South Ogden. PooLEY Pl., from 357 Dewitt, east to 468 Grant, Poplar, from 836 Walden Ave., north to Doat. Portage, (formerly Bayer), from 490 East Utica, north to Glenwood Ave. Porter, from 213 Peacock, east to Griffin. Changed to Roseville. Porter Ave., from Lake Erie, northeast and east to the Circle. Crosses Niagara at 647. Portland Ave., from 11 16 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. Potomac Ave., (formerly Clinton), from Erie Canal, east through 1471 Niagara to 1474 Delaware Ave. Potter, from 48 William, north to 173 Broadway. Potter's Corners Plank Road, from 1448 Abbott Road, east to city limits. Prairie, from Fuller, east to Tona- awanda, second north of Ontario. STR 148 Pratt, from 448 Eagle, north to 379 Genesee. Pratt and Wadham Slip, opposite foot of Michigan. Prenatt, from Euclid PL, east to Buffalo River, Preston, from 343 West Ferry, north, connecting with Tryon Pl. Pries Ave., from Hopkins, east to 231 Triangle, fourth north of Tifft. Prime, from 24 Main, northwest to Commercial. Princess Ave., from 390 Doat, north to Hemenway. Princeton Pl., (formerly Wei- mert), from 2105 Seneca, southwest to Cazenovia Creek. Prospect Ave., from 165 West Huron, northwest to 1017 Niagara. Prozeler, changed to Schlenker. Puerner Ave., changed to North- amptom. Puffer, from 1727 Main, east to Bailey Ave. Pulaski, from 1840 Clmton, north to Griswold. PuRDY,from Laurel, north to Puffer. Putnam, from Breckenridge, north to 375 Bouck Ave., second west of Bidwell Pl. Quarry, from Cement, north to East Hertel Ave., second west of Bailey Ave. Quay, from 119 Main, east one block to Washington. Queen, from William, corner North Ogden, northeast. Queens Pl., from Florida, north to Mohican Ave. Changed to Regina Pl. QuiNCY, (formerly Miller) from N. Y. C. R. R. Yards, north to 1427 Broadway, seventh east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. Race, from Military Road, east to Norris Ave., second north of Hertel Ave. Railroad, (formerly Mill) from 421 Hamburgh, east to 19 Griffin. Ralph Al., from 142 Burton, north to 713 Virginia. Ramsdell Ave., from Grove, east to 2690 Delaware Ave., first south of Kenmore Ave. Randall, from 20 Superior, west to 339 William. Randle, from Genesee, south to Hemenway, first east of Scajaquada Creek. Range Ave., from Amherst, north to La Salle Ave, first west of Main. Rano, from 653 Tonawanda, east to Harold. Rapid Transit, from 1701 Seneca, south to Cazenovia Creek. Rapin Ave., from 488 Walden Ave., north to Genesee. Rawlins, (formerly Leo) from 135 Doat, south about 1000 feet, and north to Genesee. Raymond Ave., from 766 South Park Ave., east to 276 Boulevard. Raze, changed to Clare. Red Jacket, from 514 Elk, north to Scott, and from south line of Mill to 589 Seneca. Redmond Ave., from St. Lawrence Ave., north to Kenmore Ave., (near city line,) ninth east of Colvin. Reed, from 876 Broadway, north to 951 Genesee. Rees, from 286 West Forest Ave., north to Bradley, and from Bull to Scajaquada Creek. Regent, from 953 Bailey Ave., east to Greene, second north of Love- joy. Regina Pl., (formerly Queen's Pl.) from Florida, north to Mohican Ave., first west of Humboldt Parkway. 149 STR Reimann, from Greene, east to city line, two blocks south of Broadway. Remington Ave., from Seneca, south to Cazenovia Creek, first south- east of South Park Ave. Remoleno, from South Park Ave., west to 1 20 Triangle, first south of Abbott Road. Reservation, from 586 Amherst, north toGrote. Rex Pl., from Puffer, north to Buell Ave., first east of Humboldt Parkway. Rey, from 183 Mortimer, east to 587 Jefferson. Rhein, from Walden Ave., south to West Shore R. R., east of Bailey Ave. Rhine, from 1544 Genesee, north to East Ferry, fifth east of Belt Line R. R. Rhode Island, from 795 Front Avenue, northeast to 394 Richmond Ave. Rich, from 948 Genesee, north to 679 Best. Richards Ave., from Main to north city line, second north of Eley. Richfield Ave., from 606 South Park Ave., east to 540 Boulevard. Richlawn Ave. (formerly Euclid Ave. ) from Leroy Ave. , north to 1000 feet north of Shawnee Ave., third east of Fillmore Ave. Richmond Ave., from the Circle and West North, north to 475 West Forest Ave , about three-fourths mile west of Main. Ricker Ave., from Fillmore Ave., east, first north of Seneca. Changed to Dillon Ave. RiCKERT Ave., from 515 Puffer, 760 feet south, first west of Fillmore Ave. Riley, from 1251 Main, east to 935 Humboldt Parkway, Ripley Pl., from 516 Connecticut, northwest to 429 Vermont. RiTT Ave., from Military Road, east to 230 Clayton, eighth north of Hertel Ave. River, from 203 Erie, northwest to 342 West Genesee, south of Erie Canal. River View Pl., from 1781 Seneca, south to Cazenovia Creek. Roanoke Ave., from Hertel Ave., to Taunton Ave., fifth east of Dela- ware Ave. Robert, from 212 Curtiss, north to Lovejoy. Robie Ave., from 2178 Main, north- west to Parkside Ave. Robins, from 1090 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek, second east of South Park Ave. Rochester, from 130 Lehigh Ave., north to D. L. & W. R. R., first west of Abbey. RocHEVOT, from 29 Burton, north to Virginia, between Washington and Ellicott. Rock, from 343 West Genesee, northwest to Slip No. 3. Rockland, from Bailey Ave., east to Eggert, second south of Kensing- ton Ave. Rodney, from Fillmore Ave., to Hill, fourth north of LeRoy Ave. Roebling Ave., from 1201 East Delavan Ave., south, second east of Bailey Ave. Roeder, from Fillmore Ave., third south of Ferry, . Roehrer Ave., from 510 Best, north to 403 East Ferry. Roesch Ave., see North Park Ave. Roesser Ave., from Snow Ave., east to Spaulding Ave. , first south of Clinton. RoETZER. from 146 Walden Ave., north to Genesee. STR 150 Rogers, changed to Richmond Ave. Rogers Ave., from Genesee, north to Lang Ave., sixth east of Bailey Ave. RoHE, from 1541 Bailey Ave., east to Summer. RoHR, from Walden Ave., north to Genesee, second west of N. Y. C. Belt Line. Roland Ave., from 27 Abby, east to 375 Hopkins, first north of Tifft. Rommel, from Broadway, north, second east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. Roos. from 268 William, north to 395 Broadway. Root, from Erie Canal, east to 386 Fifth. Rosalie, from Hertel Ave., south to N. Y. C. Belt Line, third east of Elmwood Ave. Rose, from 939 Virginia, north to 365 East North. Roseville, (formerly Porter) from 213 Peacock, east to Griffin. RosLYN, from Genesee, north to Scajaquada Creek, third east of Bailey Ave. Ross Ave., from 945 Tonawanda, east to Bleeker Ave. RoTHER Ave , from 1 164 Broadway, north to Walden Ave. Royal Ave., (formerly Newell) from Niagara, east to Albert Ave., third north of Ontario. Rudolph, from Kehr, east and west, first south of East Ferry. Rudolph Ave., from three blocks east of Jefferson near Driving Park, changed to Woodlawn Ave. RuHL Ave., from Military Road, east to 150 Clayton, fifth north of Hertel Ave. Ruhland Ave. from W. S. R. R. north to Walden Ave., third east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. RuMSEY, (formerly Hagen) from 1301 East Delavan Ave., south to Lang Ave., second east of Bailey Ave. Russell, from 2500 Main, west to Parkside Ave. Ruth Ave., from 406 Ontario, northwest to near Esser Ave., eighth east of Tonawanda. Rutland Ave., from 1156 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. Ryan, from 2013 Seneca, north- east to Frank Ave , second southeast of Mineral Springs Road. Sage, from Seneca, northeast to Buffalo Creek, fifth southeast of Buffalo Creek bridge. Saginaw, from Hamburgh, east, south of Sandusky. Salem, from 1310 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek, second northwest of Cazenovia Creek. San Domingo Al., from 213 Ems- lie, east to 91 Montgomery. Sandusky, from Ohio Basin, east aud southeast to 17 Smith. Sanford, from 180 East Forest Ave., north to 135 LeRoy Ave. Saranac Ave , from Golvin, east and north to Taunton Ave., first south of Hertel Ave. Saratoga, from 244 Ontario, north, second east of Tonawanda. Sarvis, from Hertel Ave., north to Olive, first east of Elmwood Ave., Sawyer Ave., from Main, north to city line, third north of Eley. Sayre. (formerly Logan) from Military Road, west to N. Y. C. R. R. second north of Hertel Ave. Scheu, changed to Weaver Ave. Scheu Ave., from 117 Abbey, east to 464 Hopkins. Schiller, from 1741 William, north to 1959 Broadway. ScHMARBECK, from 1310 Broadway, north to W. S. R. R., first east of N. Y. C. Belt Line. 151 STR ScHLENKER, (formerly Prozeller) from 59 Schmarbeck, east to Person. School, from 995 Niagara, north- east to 161 Albany. ScHUELE Ave., from 1022 East Ferry, north to 816 Delavan Ave. ScHUTRUM, from 1560 Broadway, north to W. S. R. R. Schuyler, from Hagerman, east to I Filhiiore Ave. and 889 Seneca. Scott, from 103 Main, east to Chic- ago and from 133 Alabama east to 357 Smith. ScoviLLE, from Jordan Ave., north through 1304 Clinton to Erie R. R. ScRANTON, from B. R. & P. R. R., east to 188 Abby, sixth north of Tifft. Seabrook, from 92 Dovle Ave., north to O'Neil. Sears, from Curtiss, north to 1063 Broadway, fourth east of Fillmore Ave. See Ave., from 2475 Niagara, east to Ontario. Seifert, from Clinton, north to Griswold, near east city line, eigth east of Bailey Ave. Selkirk, from 871 Elk, north to 915 Seneca. Seneca, from 223 Main, east to east city limits. Seneca, West, from 224 Main, west to 120 Erie. Seneca Pl., (formerly Doughertv's Al.) from 248 Seneca, north to Myrtle. Sessions, from 2670 Delaware Ave., east 2000 feet. Seventeenth, from 150 Richmond Ave., northwest to 395 Vermont. Seventh, from 209 Court, north- west to 915 Front Ave. Seward, (formerly Victoria) from Barnard, east to city line, second south of Clinton. Sexton Al., from 12 Swan, north to South Division. Seymour, from 610 Swan, east to 516 Smith. Sharon Ave , from Bangor PI., north to Kenmore Ave. (north city line), fourth east of Colvin. Shavv^nee Ave., (formerly Lexing- ton) from Hill, east to Liberty Ave., first north of LeRoy Ave. Sheffield Ave., from 395 South Park Ave., east to 396 Boulevard. Shepard, from 1604 Broadway, north to W. S. R. R. Sheridan, from Main, west to D. L. & W. R. R. Changed to Custer. Sheridan Ave., from East Ferry, north to 680 East Delavan Ave., fourth east of Fillmore Ave. Sheriff Ave., from Military Road, east to 186 Clayton, sixth north of Hertel Ave. Sherman, from 188 Howard, north to 565 Best. Sherv^ood, from 250 Hampshire, northwest to 135 Arkansas. Shields Ave., from 555 Utica,north west to Massachusetts. Shirley Ave., from Cordova Ave., east to Bailey Ave., first north of East Hertel Ave. Short, from Hertel Ave., north to Gladstone, first west of Military Road. Shumway, from 241 Howard, north to 790 Broadway. Sibley, (formerly Barnard) from 75 Downing, south to city line, second east of South Park Ave. Sidney, from Humboldt Parkway, east to Fillmore Ave., second north of East Ferry. SiDWAY, from Erie R. R., east to 409 Elk. Simon, from 44 Race, north to 29 Layer Ave., first east of Military Road. Sirrett, from 603 Hopkins, east to STR 152 105 Triangle, third south of Abbott Road. Sixteenth, from 90 Richmond Ave., northwest to 357 Vermont. Skillen, from Mihtary Road, north- west, through 574 Ontario to O'Neil and city Hmits. Slips. — Commercial, from Commer- cial to Buffalo River. Coit, from River to Erie basin. Slip No. I, from Erie canal to Erie basin. Slip No. 2, from Erie canal to Erie basin. Slip No. 3, from Erie canal to Erie basin. Wilkeson, from Erie canal to Jack- son. Peck, Hatch, Wadham and Pratt, run from Blackwell canal to Buffalo river. Canal, from Ohio basin to Ham- burgh canal. Sloan, from Black Rock Harbor, east to 1422 Niagara. Smith, from Buffalo River, north to 817 Broadway. Snow Ave, from Clinton, south to W. N. Y. & P. R. R., first east of Bailey Ave. SoBiESKi, from 1136 Broadway, north to Walden Ave., fifth east of Filltnore Ave. Soldiers' Pl., at junction of Cha- pin Parkway, Bidwell Parkway, Lin- coln Parkway and Bird Ave. SoMMER, changed to Harrison. Sophia, from 208 Fletcher, south to city limits. South, from 442 Ohio, east to Ham- bur L;h. South, from Erie Canal, east to loS Tonawanda. Changed to Wayne. South Canal, from Hagerman, east to T Fillmore Ave. Changed to Schuyler. South Cedar, from 386 Seneca, north to Swan. South Division, from 311 Main, east to 114 Fillmore Ave. South Michigan, from Buffalo River, opposite Michigan, south to Sea Wall. South Newfield, from 360 Esser Ave., south to Clarion PI. South Ogden, from 2009 Clinton, north to 308 Mineral Springs Road. South Park Ave. , (formerly White's Corners road), south from junction of Elk and Seneca to city line. South Railroad Ave., from 93 Emslie, northeast to 364 Fillmore Ave. Southampton, from 965 EUicott, east to 1150 Jefferson. Southard, from 1222 Elk, north to Perry. Spaulding, from 577 Hopkins, east to 131 Triangle. Spaulding Ave., from Clinton south to VV. N. Y. & P. R. R., third east of Bailey Ave. Spencer, from 1095 William, south to lot 58. Spencer Ave., from Herbert Ave. to Bailey Ave. Changed to Kirkpat- rick. Spencer Ave. , from Doat, north to Genesee. Changed to Cheektowaga. Spiess, from 1238 Genesee, north to Bardol. Sprenger, from Doat, north to Genesee, third west of city line. Spring, from 500 Seneca, north to 151 Cherry. Spruce, from 304 Broadway, north- west to 31 Cherry. Staats, from 165 Court, north to 174 Mohawk. Stanislaus, from Beck, east to La- 153 STR throp, between Broadway and Syca- more. Stanley, from Bailey Ave., east to Greene, third south of Broadway. Stanley, from Clinton to Buffalo Creek. Changed to VVillet. Stanley Pl., from Hertel Ave., south to Duncan. Changed to Fair- child PI. Stanton, from 214 Howard, north to 763 Broadway. Starin Ave., from Amherst, north to Hertel Ave., third west of Main. State, from 37 Water, northeast to 84 Canal. Steele, from 2466 Main, east to 767 Fillmore Ave. Stephen Ave., from 510 Doat, north to Hemenway, third west of east city line. Stephen Pl., from Esser Ave., north and east to Eckert, third east of Tonawanda. Sterling Ave., from Linden Ave., north to Taunton Ave., third east of Colvin. Stetson, from Metcalf, near Clin- ton, north to Howard. Stettenberg, from Fillmore Ave., east to Gibson, first south of Broad- way Market. Steuben Al., from 119 Clare, east one block. Stevens, from 47 Mechanic, south- east to 2 Ann. Stenens Al., from East Ferry, north to East Delavan Ave., eleventh west of Bailey Ave. Stevenson, from 1066 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek, third southeast of South Park Ave. Steward, from Hertel Ave., north to Olive Ave., second east of Elm- wood Ave. Stewart, from Walden Ave., north to 509 Doat, seventh east of Bailey. Stone, from Bailey Ave., to Green, first south of Broadway. Storz, from Utica, north to Win- slow Ave., fourth east of Jefferson. Stratford Pl., from 1451 Elk, south to Buffalo Creek. Strathmore Ave., from 1255 Ab- bott Road to 630 Boulevard. Strauss, from 900 Broadway, north to 975 Genesee. St. Ann, from Best, north to Northampton, first west of West Parade Ave. St. Clair, from junction of Ohio and Louisiana, northeast to South. St. James Pl., from Elmwood Ave.? east to Chapin Pkwy, first north of Bouck Ave. St. Johns Pl., from 54 Wadsworth, west to Orton Pl. St. Joseph's Ave., from 539 Walden Ave., south to West Shore R. R. St. Lawrence Ave., from Fitzger- ald, east to Alden Ave., first south of Kenmore Ave. St. Louis, from Best, north to Northampton. Changed to St. Michael. St. Louis Ave., from W. S. R. R., north to Genesee. Changed to Ober- lin. St. Michael, (formerly St. Louis,) from Best, north to Northampton, second west of West Parade Ave. St. Paul, from 1089 Main, east to 806 Oak. St. Stanislaus, from Seward, south to Buffalo Creek, second east of South Ogden. St. Stephens Pl., from 195 Abbott Road, south to D. L. & W. R. R. Suffolk, from Sugar, north to Kensington Ave., first east of Bailey Ave. STR 154 Sugar, from 2321 Bailey Ave., east to city limits. Summer, from 11 30 Main, west to 89 Richmond Ave. Summit Ave., second west of Main, running in a curve northwest from Oakwood PI. to Crescent Ave. Summit Park Ave., from Main, east to Bailey Ave. Changed to Minnesota Ave. Summit View Ave., from Grider, east to Wyoming. Changed to Gratiot Ave. Sumner, from 664 Walden Ave., north to 51 Doat. Sunset, (formerly Alexander) from Hertel Ave., north to Race, third east of Military Road. Superior, from 245 Spring, east to 320 Jefferson. Sussex, from Grider, east to North- umberland Ave. , second north of East Delavan Ave. Sutton Lane, from 3240 Main, east. Swan, from 275 Main, east to 720 Seneca, Swan, West, from 276 Main, west to 163 Terrace. Sweeney, from 974 Genesee, north to 717 Best. Sweet Ave., from 404 Lovejoy, north to Walden Ave. SwiVELLER, from 714 Virginia, north to 133 Carlton. SwiNBORN, from 145 1 Broadway, south to N. Y. C. R. R. Sycamore, from 239 Oak, east to 447 Walden Ave. Sylvan Al., from 390 Clinton, north to William. Tacoma Ave., from 2470 Delaware Ave., east to Sterling Ave. Tamarack Ave., (formerly Lexing- ton Ave.) from 1148 Abbott Road, northeast to Cazenovia Creek. Taunton Ave., from Delaware Ave., east to Wallace Ave., fourth north of Hertel Ave. Taylor Pl., from Macauly, south to Josia PI., first west to South Park Ave. Tecumseh, from 193 Louisiana, east to 67 Hamburgh. Tennessee, from 54 South, north to 167 Mackinaw. Tennyson Ave., from Hertel Ave., north to Tacoma Ave., first east of Delaware Ave. Tenth, from 244 Carolina, north- west to 247 Hudson. Terrace, from 156 Main, northwest to 180 Court. Teutsch, from 54 Zinns Ave., north to O'Neil. Texas, (formerly Johnson Ave.) from Kerns Ave., north to Lang Ave., first east of Bailey Ave. The Avenue, changed to Rich- mond Ave. The Bank, at junction of Front Ave. and Massachusetts. The Circle, at junction of Rich- mond Ave., Porter Ave., Pennsyl- vania, Wadsworth and North. The Park, about three blocks west of 2100 Main, bounded by Amherst, Forest Lawn Cemetery and State Insane Asylum grounds. Theodore, from Genesee, south to 335 Doat, third east of Bailey Ave. Third, (Tow-path Erie Canal,) from Pennsylvania, northwest to Porter Ave. Thirteenth, changed to Norm.al Ave. Thomas, from Metcalf, north to 875 Wilham, three blocks east of Fill- more Ave. Thompson, from 170 Parish, north- west to 121 Farmer. Thompson, from Grace to Arthur, changed to Peoria PI. 155 STR Thomson Pl., from Kenmore Ave., (north city line), south, first east of Elmwood Ave. » TiFFENY Pl., from Wyoming Ave., east, first south of Kensington Ave. TiFFT, from 784 Hamburgh Turn- pike, east to 607 Park Ave. TiLLiNGHAST, from Parkside Ave., west to Colvin, first north of Amherst. TiMON, from 464 Dodge, north to 445 Northampton, third east of Jeffer- son. Tioga, from 2255 Delaware Ave., east to Fairchild Pl. Titus Ave., from 1409 Broadway, north to 1246 Sycamore. Tompkins, changed to Emerson. ToNAWANDA, from 1649 Niagara, northwest to city limits. TousEY, from 468 Broadway, north to 343 Sycamore. Town Line Road, from 2736 Dela- ware Ave., east to Eley. TowNSEND, from 714 William, north to 899 Broadway. TowNSEND, from Erie Canal, west to Lake Erie. Tracy, from 314 Delaware Ave., west to 277 Carolina. Tremont Ave., from Warwick Ave. to Bayfield, third east of Norfolk. Tresselt, from Domedian Ave., east to Eller Ave, first south of Gen- esee. Trestle Al., from 1384 William, north to N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Triangle, from Abbott Road, southeast to 501 South Park Ave. Triangle Pl., from 21 Triangle, west to Buffalo, first south of Abbott Road. Trinidad Pl., from Steele (Ken- sington Ave.) south about 1000 feet, first west of Fillmore Ave. Trinity, (formerly Delaware Pl.) from 376 Delaware Ave., west to 327 Virginia. Trost, from Mandan, east to Ros- ala, first north of N. Y. C. R. R., and south of Hertel Ave. near Crosscut junction. Troup, from 1260 Seneca, north to W. N. Y. & P. R. R. Trowbridge, from 475 Hopkins, east to 208 Triangle. Troy Al., from 228 Ontario, north, first east of Tonawanda. Tryon Pl., from north line of Ferry lot, north to 313 West Forest Ave. Tupper, East, from 707 Main, east to Michigan. Tupper, West, from 716 Main, west to 309 Virginia. Twelfth, from 308 Virginia, north west to 311 Maryland. Twelfth, from 154 Hampshire to 137 Albany. Changed to Plymouth Ave. Tyler, from Main, west to Angle, third north of Hertel Ave., near Inter- national junction, Erie R. R. Ullman, from 236 Esser Ave., north to O'Neil. Ullman, from 1148 Sycamore, north to Walden Ave. Changed to Howlett. Ulmer Ave., from 449 Hopkins, east, fifth north of Tifft. Ulster, from Sugar, north to Eg- gert, third east of Bailey Ave. Unger Ave., from 1741 Seneca, south to Cazenovia Creek, third south- east of South Park Ave. Union, from 250 Eage, north to 89 William. Union Pl., changed to Sixteenth. Urban, from 105 Fillmore Ave., east to 216 Moselle. Urban Ave., from 492 High, to 479 Best. Changed to Durrenberger Pl. Utica, E., from 1381 Main, east to Humboldt Parkway. STR 156 Utica, W., from 1382 Main, west to 293 Massachusetts. Utley Al., from 146 Wilkinson, northwest to 203 Georgia. Vandalia, from South, north to 247 Mackinaw. Vanderbilt, from Greene, east to Schiller, third south of Broadway. Vanduzer Ave., from Seneca, south along- Buffalo Creek, first south- east of Buffalo Creek bridge. Van Rensselaer, from 627 Elk, north to 709 Seneca. Vary, from 153 Spring, east to 226 Jefferson. Vermont, from 734 Front Ave , northeast to 306 Richmond Ave. Vernon, from 2600 Main, west to Fairchild. Verplank. from 264 East Utica, nortli to 221 East Ferry. Victoria, from Barnard to east city line. Changed to Seward. Victoria, from Fillmore Ave., east to Hill, third north of LeRoy Ave. Villa Ave., from 2710 Delaware Ave., east to Kasota Ave., first south of n(^rth city line. Vincennes, from 72 South, east to 193 Macinaw. Vine, from 157 Oak, east to 474 Michigan. Virgil Ave., from Hertel Ave., north to Taunton Ave., third east of Delaware Ave. Virginia, from Erie Canal, north- east to 786 Jefferson. Crosses Main at 837. Virginia Pl., (formerly Meech Al.) from 472 Virginia, north to 82 Allen. VooRHEES, from Amherst, north to Hertel Ave., second west of Main. WADSwoRTH,from 253 Allen, north- west to the Circle. Wagner Pl., from 730 Walden Ave., north to D. L. & W. R. R., fourth east of Bailey Ave. Wakefield Ave., from Fillmore Ave., east to Hill, second north of LeRoy Ave. Walden Ave., from 834 Best, east to city limits. Walden Ave., from 1161 Abbott Road, south to 715 Boulevard. Waldron Pl., from 1780 Abbott Road, northeast to city line. Wall, from opposite foot of Main to Hamburgh Turnpike, Wallace Ave., from Depew Ave., north to Taunton Ave., first east of Parkside Ave. Walnut, from 376 Eagle, north to 317 Genesee. Walter, from 996 Elk, north to III 5 Seneca. Walter Pl., from Esser Ave., south to Chadduck Ave. , second east of Tonawanda. Walthers, from Genesee, north to Puffer. Changed to Wende. Warner Ave., (formerly Winslow Ave.) from 113 1 Broadway, south to W. S. R. R. Warren, from 251 Chicago, east to Ohio Slip. Warring Ave., from 265 Doat, north to Genesee, first east of Bailey Ave Warwick Ave., from Grider, east to 2336 Bailey Ave., second south of Kensington Ave. Washington, from Buffalo River, north to 17 High, first east of Main. Wasmuth Ave., from Walden Ave. north to Genesee, first east of Belt Line R. R. Wasson, from 1186 Seneca, north to W. N. Y. & P. R. R. tracks. Water, from 22 Commercial, north- west to 271 Erie. 157 STR Watson, from 670 East Eagle, north to 947 Broadway. \Vatts, from 155 Tonavvanda, north to 4 W'inans. Waverly, from 204 Glenwood Ave., north to Puffer. Wayne, from Erie Canal, east to 108 Tonavvanda. Crosses Niagara at 1707. Weaver, (formerly Scheu) from Clinton, north to 308 Dingens, fifth east of Weiss. Weaver Al., from Goodell, north to 637 Virginia. Webb, from 28 Baker, north to 27 Mechanic. Weber, from Genesee, north to 1405 East Delavan Ave., fourth west of east city line. Weber Ave., changed to Harriett Ave. Webster, changed to Maynard. Webster Al., from 9 East Seneca, south to rear of 201 Main. Wecker, (formerly Alexander) from Herbert, east to Texas, second south of East Delavan Ave. Weimar, from Buffalo Creek, north to Griswold, first east of Weiss. Weimert, from 2105 Seneca to Cazenovia Creek. Changed to Prince- ton PI. Weiss, from Bufifalo Creek, north through 1832 Clinton, north to 135 Dingens. Welker, from 282 East Utica, north to East Ferry. Welland Ave., (formerly Dana) from 242 Rano Ave., northwest to Crawley Ave., fourth east of Tona- wanda. Wells, from 122 Exchange, north to 121 Seneca. Wells Ave., from Mineral Springs Road, south to W. N. Y. & P. R. R., third southwest of city line. Wende. (formerly Walthers) from Genesee, north to Puffer, first west of Bailey Ave. Werrick Al., from 158 Goodell, north to 143 Burton. Wescott, from 50 Troup, east to 49 Harrison. Wesley Ave, from Beard, north to Hertel Ave., first west of Main. West Ave., from 268 Carolina, north to 105 Alabama, and thence north to Scajaquada Creek. West Bennett, from 302 Clinton, north to 139 William. West Ferry, see Ferry, West. West Genesee, see Genesee, West. West Market, from 124 Elk, north to Main and Hamburgh Canal. West Parade Ave., from 634 Best, north to 593 Northampton. West Peckham, from 369 Spring, east to 474 Jefferson. West Shore, from Miller, east to Koons Ave., between Broadway and Sycamore, also from May Ave., curv- ing south and east to Bailey Ave., first south of Walden Ave. West Summer, from 90 Richmond Ave., north and northwest to 453 York. Changed to Summer. Westchester Ave., from Chau- tauqua to Eggert. Changed to Col- chester. Westchester Ave., from War- wick Ave , north to Bayfield, fourth east of Norfolk Ave. Wex Ave., from 809 Walden Ave., south to W. S. R. R. Weyand, from Seneca, northeast to Frank Ave., fourth southeast of Min- eral Springs Road. Wheelock, from 2040 Clinton, north to Griswold, near east city limits. White's Corners Road, changed to South Park Ave. STR 158 Whitefield Ave., from 708 South Park Ave., east to 420 Boulevard. Whitlock, from 104 Page, v^est, second north of Hertel Ave. Whitney, changed to Meldrum. Whitney Pl., from junction of Chippewa and Georgia, northwest to 221 Hudson. Wick, from 15 16 Broadway, north to W. S. R. R. WiGHTMAN Ave., from Oliver, south to near Abbott Road, first east of Bailey Ave. WiLBER, from 503 Hopkins, east. Wilcox Ave., from East Delavan Ave., south, sixth east of Bailey Ave. Wiley Ave., from Skillen, east to Kenmore Ave. (north city line), sec- ond north of Ontario. Wilkes Ave., from 1402 East Del- avan Ave., north to Sugar, third east of Bailey Ave. WiLKESON, from Erie Canal, east to 202 West Mohawk. WiLLARD, from Genesee, south to 160 Doat, first west from Bailey Ave. WiLLET (formerly Stanley), from Buffalo Creek, north to Clinton, sixth east of Weiss. William, from 463 Michigan, east to city limits. WiLLiAMSViLLE RoAD, changed to Bailey Ave. Willow Pl., from 30 Kingsley, north to Riley, first east of Jefferson. Wilson, from 740 William, north to 1021 Genesee. Winans, from 27 Watts, south to south line of lot 237. Winchester Ave., (formerly Indian Church Road.) from 2270 Seneca, northeast to city line. Winchester Ave., from East Ferry, north to 520 East Delavan Ave., first east of Fillmore Ave. Windemere Ave., from 1460 Abbott Road, southwest to Boulevard. Windsor Ave., from Olympic Ave., east to Bailey Ave. Changed to Hol- born Ave. Windsor Ave., from Potomac Ave. at junction Chapin Pkwy, north to Buffalo Park. Winona, from 1134 Elk, north to Seneca. WiNSLOW Ave., from Dupont, east to Moselle, first north of Glen wood Ave. WiNSLOW Ave., from 1137 Broad- way, south to W. S. R. R. Changed to Warner Ave. Winter, from Massachusetts, north- west to Hampshire, fourth southwest of West Ferry. WiNTHROP Pl., (formerly Lewis Pl.) from Sessions Ave., north to Ken- more Ave., (north city line), fourth east of Delaware Ave, Woeppel, from 210 Fillmore Ave., west to Humboldt Pkwy. WoHLERS Ave., from 538 E. Ferry. Woodbridge Ave., from Main, west to Parkside Ave., third north of Amherst. WooDLAW^N Ave., (formerly Barr), from 1477 Main to Fillmore Ave., second south of East Ferry. WooDSiDE Ave., from 783 South Park Ave , east to 1635 Abbott Road. WooDW^ARD Ave., (formerly Davis Ave.) from Humboldt Pkwy., north to Crescent Ave., second west of Main. Worcester Pl., (formerly High- land Pl.) from East Forest Ave., north to LeRoy Ave.^ first west of Grider. Wyoming Ave., from Military Road to N. Y. C. R. R. Changed to Arizona. Wyoming Ave., from East Ferry, north to Kensington Ave., third east of Grider. 159 STR York, from 389 West Ave., north- east to 140 Richmond Ave. Young, from 1253 Broadway, south to N. Y. C. R. R. Yates, from 633 Amherst, south to Scajaquada Creek. Zelmkr, from Genesee, near Bailey Ave., south to 260 Doat. Zenner (formerly Logan), from Geneste, north to Puffer, second west of Bailey Ave. ZiMMERMANN, from Geucsee, south to 80 Doat, 125 feet east of Erie Rail- way. ZiNNS, from Argus, northeast to Skillen, first north of Esser Ave. ZiTTEL, from 2166 Seneca, east to east city limits. ZuRBUCHER, changed to Alexander PI. Street Railway Routes.— The central point of the Buffalo Street Railway trolley system is at the junc- tion of the Terrace and Main Street, where the business office and waiting rooms of the company are located. Cars run on all lines at frequent inter- vals, from 3 to 15 minutes apart, ex- cept before 7.00 A. M. and after 10.00 p. M., when the interval is somewhat extended. Fare, 5 cents ; children under 12, 3 cents ; children under 5, free, with free transfer privileges to the nearest available lines. Albany and School. — (Wine col- or. Circle in front of cars.) From foot of Main Street, Main to Niagara, Connecticut, Fourteenth. Albany, School near Niagara, 6.07 a. m. to II. 31 p. M. Time, 27 minutes. Re- turning, School, Plymouth Ave. , Hamp- shire, Normal Ave., Connecticut, Ni- agara, to Main, to foot of Main Street. 5.40 a. m. to 11.04 P- M. Allen and Ferry. — (Green cars). From Michigan and Exchange Streets, Exchange, Main, Allen, Wadsworth, Circle, Fourteenth, Rhode Island, Chenango, Ferry to Niagara Street, 6.30 A. M. to 12.36 night. Time, 34 minutes. Returning, Niagara and Ferry, Hampshire, Winter, Brayton, Seventeenth, Connecticut, Normal Ave., Jersey, Plymouth, Hudson, Cottage, Day's Park, Allen, Main, Seneca, Michigan to Exchange Street. 5 54 A. M. to 12.00 night. Bailey Avenue. — (Yellow cars.) From junction of Elk and Seneca Sts. to Bailey Ave., Triangle, South Park Ave. to city line. 5.37 a. m. to 12.07 night. Time, 23 minutes. Returning, same route. 6 00 A. m. to 12.30 night. Baynes and Hoyt. — (Green cars.) From Michigan and Exchange Streets, Exchange, Main, Allen, Wadsworth, Circle, Fourteenth, Rhode Island, Chenango, Baynes to Forest Ave. 6.00 A. M. to 1.30 night. Time, 34 minutes. Returning, Forest Ave. to Hoyt, Ferry, Hampshire, Winter, Brayton, Seventeenth, Connecticut, Normal Ave., York, Plymouth Ave., Hudson, Cottage, Virginia, Main, Seneca, Michigan, to Exchange Street. 5.24 A. M. to 12.54 night. Broadway. — (Wine color. B in front of cars. ) From Terrace on Main, to Clinton, Washington, Broadway to N. Y. C. tracks, connecting with trol- ley cars for Depew and Lancaster. 5.49 A. M. to 12.00 night, i.oo, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00 A. M. Time, 30 min- utes. Returning, N. Y. C. tracks. Broadway, Lafayette, Main, West Seneca, Pearl, to Terrace. 5.33 a. m. to 11.30 p. M., 1.30, 2.30, 3.30, 4-30 A. M. Cazenovia.— (Yellow cars.) From Cazenovia and Seneca Streets, Caz- enovia to city line. 7.30 a. m. to 7.00 p. M. Returning, same route. Clinton.— (Red cars.) From Main and North Division Streets, to Eagle, Emslie, Clinton to Bailey Ave. 6.05 A. M. to 12.00 night. Time, 25 min- STR i6o utes. Returning, Clinton, Michigan, North Division to Main Street. 5.40 A. M. to 11.36 p. M. Elk. — (Wine color.) From Main and Exchange Streets, Main to Perry, Michigan, Elk, to junction of Seneca and Elk Streets. 6.07 A. m. to 12.00 night, 1. 00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00 A. M. Time, 30 minutes. Reverse route re- turning, 5.37 A.M. to 11.32 p. M., 12.30, I 30, 2.30, 3.30, 4-30 A. M. Elmwood Avenue. — (Dark red cars. E in front of cars.) From Ter- race on Main to Virginia, Elmwood to Forest Ave., near Buffalo Park. 6.09 A. M. to 1. 15 night. Time, 30 minutes. Returning, Forest and Elmwood Ave. to Allen, Main, Huron, Pearl, to Ter- race. 5.41 A. M. to 12.45 night. Ferry Street. — From Main and Ferry Streets, Cold Springs, on East Ferry, Ferry to Bailey Ave., to Erie R. R. tracks. 5.45 a. m. to 11. 15 p.m. Time. 15 minutes. Reverse route re- turning. 6.00 A. M. to 11.30 p. M. Forest Ave. — (Yellow cars), from Main and Harvard Place, on Main to Delavan Ave., Delaware, Forest, to Niagara Street. 5.50 a. m. to 11.40 p. M. Time, 23 minutes. Returning, Niagara and Forest Ave., Forest Ave., Delaware, to Delavan, Linwood, Bal- com, to Main Street. 6 00 a. m. to 11.50 p. M. Genesee. — (Dark red cars), from Michigan and Exchange Streets, Ex- change, Washington, Genesee, to city line. 5.57 A. m. to 12 night. Time, 40 minutes. Returning, City Line, on Genesee, Washington, Seneca to Michigan and Exchange Streets. 5.57 A, M. to II. 17 p. M. HertelAve. Line. — (Main Street). From Main and Hertel Ave., Hertel Ave. to Elmwood Ave. 5.40 a. m. to 10 25 p. M. Time, 10 minutes. Re- verse route returning. 5.50 a. m. to 10.38 p. M. Hertel Ave. — (Niagara Street). From Niagara and Hertel Ave., Her- tel Ave., Tonawanda, O'Neil, to City Line. 5.50 a. m. to 10.15 P- m. Time, 10 minutes. Reverse route returning. 6.00 A. M. to 10.30 p. M. Connects at City Line for Tonawanda. Jefferson. — (Red cars). From Main and Exchange Streets, Exchange to Louisiana, Seneca, South Cedar, Swan, Jefferson, Dexter, to Main Street, Cold Springs. 5.58 a. m. to 11.36 p. M. Time, 40 minutes. Re- turning, Cold Springs, Main and Dex- ter to Jefferson, Swan, South Cedar, Seneca, Louisiana, Exchange, to Main and Exchange Streets. 5.40 a. m. to 11 p. M. Kensington Avenue. — From Washington and Exchange Streets, Washington, Genesee, Kehr, Ferry Grider, Kensington Ave., Bailey Ave., to city line. 6.03 a. m. to 11 p. m. Time, 50 minutes. Reverse route re- turning. 6 a. M. to IIP. M. Main Street. — (Red cars). From foot oi Main Street, on Main Street, to city line. These cars have sign C. L. on front of car. Connect with cars for Tonawanda and Williamsville. 6 A. M. to 11.49 P. M. Time, 45 min- utes. Returning, City Line, on Main Street, to foot of Main Street. 6 a. m. to 12.03 night. From foot of Main Street, on Main, to Ferry Street. 6 a. m. to 11.49 p- m. Time, 27 minutes. Reverse route re- turning, 5.34 A. M. to 12. ?i night. Night cars run both ways every half hour, between Main and to Bailey Ave., Kensington, Grider, Ferry, Kehr, Genesee, Washington and Sen- eca Streets and Depew Ave., Main; Street, after 12 night. Michigan S t r e e t. — (Red cars). From Main and Exchange Streets, Exchange, Michigan, Dexter, to Main Street, (Car barns). 6 a. m. to 11.37 ..THE MAN .. WHO BECAME A SAVAGE A STORY OF OUR O >A/ N TIMEIS. .. BY .. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Author of "TWO YEARS IN THE JUNGLE," Etc., Etc. WITH 16 FULL-PAGE HALF-TONE ILLUSTRATIONS BY CHAS. B. HUDSON. SOMETHING NEW IN FICTION. THE scenes are laid in Bosiana, a large city in the State of New York, in Montana, and in Borneo amongst the head hunters. Mr. Jeremiah Rock, a typical business man, became so disgusted and wearied with the evils of bad politics, strikes, intemperance and "the struggle for existence," that he went to the heart of Borneo, only to immediately become involved in helping an old savage to defend his country against the gold seekers and traders in rum who sought to over- run it. The plot, the scenes, the characters, and the author's literary style are all different from anything we have ever seen thus far in the line of high-grade fiction. In moral tone the story is clean, pure and elevating, and while it is full of crisp, bright thoughts and lively action, it is also a charming love story. We predict that ''The Man Who Became a Savage" will at once find a place in the hearts of all lovers of a rattling good story, and a place that as yet has been found and filled by no other living author. The volume is a crown-octavo of 420 pages, and contains sixteen beautiful and very characteristic half-tone illustrations by Hudson. The binding is very attractive, and the typography strictly first-class. Both the story and setting attract much attention. Price, $1.50. Sent post-paid upon receipt of price by tlie Publisliers. Cbe Peter Paul Book €o. ''' ^r a\T'' i6i STR— SUP p. M. Time, 30 minutes. Returning, (car barns). Dexter, Masten, North, Michigan, Exchange, to Exchange and Main Streets. 5.30 a. m. to 11.07 p. M. Niagara Street. — (Large dark red cars). From Main and Exchange Sts. (Terrace), Main to Niagara to Forest or Hertel Ave., according to sign on cars, 5.39 a. m. to 12.45 night. Time, Forest Ave., 26 minutes ; Hertel Ave., 33 minutes. Returning, Hertel or Forest Ave. on Niagara St., to Pearl, to Terrace, to Main and Ex- change Sts. 5.39 A. M. to 12.15 night. Cars every half hour, both ways, all night. Seneca Street. — (Yellow cars.) From Seneca and Main, on Seneca, to City Line. 6.00 a. m. to 12.00 night. Time, 33 minutes. Reverse route re- turning, 5.57 A. M. to 11.36 p. M. Cars every hour, both ways, all night. Sycamore Street. — (Yellow cars.) From Washington and Exchange, on Washington to Huron, Sycamore, Walden Avenue and City Line. 5.58 a. m. to 12.00 night. Time, 35 minutes. Reverse route returning. 5.58 a. m. to 11.23 p. M. Cars every hour, both ways, all night. West Ave. and Grant St. — (Dark red cars. W in front of cars. ) From Terrace, Main, to Niagara, Carolina, West Avenue, York, Plymouth Avenue, Hampshire, Grant, to City Line and Military Road. 6.00 a. m. to 11.55 p. M. Time, 50 minutes. Re- turning, City Line, and Military Road, on Grant, Hampshire, Normal Avenue, Jersey, Plymouth Avenue, Hudson, West Avenue, Carolina, Niagara, Huron, Pearl, to Terrace. Forest Avenue, 5.27 a. m.; Belt Line, 5.35 A. M. to 1 1. 15 P. M.; City Line, 6.15 A. M. to 10.30 p. M, William Street. — (Wine color.) From Main and North Division Streets, Main, Eagle, Michigan, William to N. Y. C. tracks. 5.30 a. m. to 11.45. p. M. Time 19 minutes. Returning, William to Michigan, North Division, to Main Street. These cars connect with Stock Yard Line ; N. Y. C. tracks, William Street to City Line. 5.40 a.m. to 11.45 P- M. Time 12 minutes. City Line, William Street to N. Y. C. tracks. 5.52 a. m. to 11.57 P- m. NIAGARA falls LINE. Cars of the Buffalo and Niagara Falls Electric Railway leave the Terrace (Main and Exchange Streets) every 15 minutes during the day, running on Niagara Street to Connecti- cut, to Plymouth Avenue, to Hamp- shire, to Grant, to City Line. From there through Tonawanda, North Ton- awanda, Gratwick, LaSalle and Echota. Fare, 35 cents. Round Trip, 50 cents. TONAWANDA LINE — (via Main Street. ) Cars connect at City Line every 20 minutes ; 6.20 a. m. to 10.20 p. m. Sunday School Associations. — Erie County Sunday School As- sociation was organized in 1857. It has an annual meeting in Buffalo late in May or early in June, and a semi- annual meeting held in various county villages. Its total number of Protes- tant children in Sunday Schools is 52,000. Buffalo Sunday School Asso- ciation was organized in 1874 and has 1 10 members. This is a mutual organ- ization of Sunday School Superintend- ents of the different Sunday Schools of the city for the purpose of discussing affairs pertaining to the religious train- ing of children attending Sunday Schools. Meetings are held from time to time in the several churches. Supervisors. — There is one super- visor for each ward in the city, and one for each town in Erie County. Their Board meets in the City and County SUR— TER 162 Hall. The office of the Purchasing and Auditing Committee is Room 36. Surrogate. — The office of the Sur- rogate is Room 10, City and County Hall. He is allowed a clerk, a first assistant clerk, a second assistant clerk, three general clerks, a stenogra- pher and an officer. Suspension Bridge.— (See Niag- ara Falls. ) Swan Street.— A long street run- ning east and west. Years ago this street was an aristocratic resident sect- ion of the city, but today it is largely monopolized by boarding houses. The Fitch Accident Hospital is located cor- ner Swan and Michigan Streets. Symphony Orchestra. — ( See Concerts.) Synagogues. — The finest syna- gogue in the city is Temple Beth Zion on Delaware Avenue, between Allen and North Streets. The old synagogue was bought in 1865, and the new one, standing upon the present site, was erected in 1890, and is a magnificent edifice, with a seating capacity of 1,000. All the other synagogues are situated in different parts of the east side. Teachers' Association.-TheWom- en Teachers' Association, was organiz- ed by a few earnest women, Sept. 16, 1889. Its object is, "To promote the welfare of the public schools, to cultivate a spirit of sympathy and good will among the teachers, to improve the character of the work done in the schools, to develop the abilities and resources of its individual members, and to create in the community at large a deeper sense of the dignity of the teachers' profession and the im- portance of the interests they repre- sent." Five hundred names are en- rolled, which includes about one-half of the women teachers in the city. Meetings are held the third Monday of each month, when papers are read and discussed. On May, 1895, was purchased a home, the Chapter House, built especially for club work. So far as is known, there is no other city in the United States where teachers enjoy a home of their own, and where they can assemble at will. Under the able management of the president, the Association has been most prosperous. Every Saturday the home is open for the purpose of bringing the teachers together socially. A hostess has charge, and either a tea, talk or musicale takes place. As an out- growth of the Women Teachers' As- sociation, another society, known as the Women Teachers' Mutual Benefit Association, was organized in Septem- ber, 1891, its object being the payment of life insurance and total disability claims. Temperance Societies. — These societies for the furtherance of temper- ance, industry and morality among all classes, are as follows : Royal Templars of Temperance, having 14 lodges in the city ; Independent Order of Good Templars, having six lodges; and the Sons of Temperance, having four lodges. The majority of these lodges hold meetings every two weeks. For places of meetings see the city directory. Tennis. — This game has grown steadily in popularity each year. The tennis grounds are on Elmwood Ave- nue near Ferry Street, and are owned by the Buffalo Tennis Club, which was organized in 1885. The club has about 100 members, and its grounds are conceded to be among the finest in the country. In the winter season the grounds are used for a skating rink. Terrace. — Begins at 156 Main St. and ends at Court. The N. Y.C. & H. 1 63 THE— TON R. R. have a station here and a good portion of the Terrace is taken up by their tracks, many large manufacto- ries, rag warehouses, etc. Many of the ItaHan tenements are located on or near the Terrace. Theaters. — While there are nine theaters in Buffalo, it is not our pur- pose to treat of any but those of first importance. The Star Theater, corner of Pearl and Mohawk Streets, is the leading play-house in the city at pres- ent, and devoted to the production of high-class dramas, operas and comedy ■plays. The seating capacity is 1,500 and there are 14 boxes. The lower ones cost 115.00 an evening, the upper ones $10.00. Regular prices of admis- sion are from 25 cents to|i.oo, 25 cents securing a seat in the upper balcony. The prices vary, sometimes running as high as I5.00, according to the magnitude of the performers. Lyceum Theater. — On Washing- ton Street, near Lafayette Square. This may be considered the people's theater. It has a seating capacity of 2,200, with ten boxes which are leased for I4.00 a night. The regular prices are 15 cents for the balcony, to 75 cents for orchestra chairs. Matinees are given on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. A good class of attractions are produced. Court Street Theater. — On Court Street, near Franklin. This the- ater has a seating capacity of 800, with boxes which accommodate 100 persons. The prices range from 15 cents, for the gallery, to 75 cents for orchestra chairs. Matinees are given every afternoon during the season. The performances given are mostly vaudeville and burlesque. Liquors and cigars are sold in the theater throughout the evening. Music Hall (which see) is also often used for theatrical perform- ances, when a very large audience is anticipated. There is no charge made for pro- grammes at any of the theaters, and in some, opera glasses may be obtained by dropping a coin in the slot of an automatic machine found on the backs of the chairs. Tifft House. -The New Tifft House formerly Tifft House, has been operated for over thirty years, and was entirely remodeled in 1891 at an expenditure of over |2GO,ooo, and thoroughly re- novated and newly furnished in the spring of 1894, so that today it ranks with the modern hotels of the country. It is centrally located, being on Main Street. There are 200 guest rooms — 70 of them with bath. Twenty large sample rooms supply the wants of the commercial traveler. The rates are I2.50 to I4.00 per day, American plan, and |i.oo to I3.00 per day, European plan, according to the location of the room. Tonawanda, the second greatest lumber market in the world, lies mid- way between Buffalo and Niagara Falls, and it has a happy conceit that it will one day annex Buffalo. Be this as it may, it is a remarkable little city, and either way the annexation results it will add to the extent ot Greater Buffalo. From the city line of Buffalo to the city line of Tona- wanda is but a space of three miles, so it is plain to be seen that with such a small barrier between two progres- sive, rapidly-growing cities, the time is close at hand when both will virtually be one, even though they maintain distinct municipal governments. Ton- awanda, as it is known to outsiders, comprises Tonawanda and North Tonawanda, but between the residents of the two places there is a friendly rivalry. North Tonawanda considers itself the most prosperous city in the TRE— UNI 164 State of New York, and sets forth several reasons of high statistical qual- ities to that end. Glancing at a com- parison in the different periods from 1880 to 1893 inclusive, we find an in- crease in population of over 720 per cent. In 1880 the population was 1,400 ; in 1892 over 8,000, and in 1893, over 11,000. For the past three years those who claim to know, give the opinion that the increase has been fully as great, if not greater. Besides the increase in population, Tonawanda has added many thousands of dollars in improvements that make a city, and with each new improvement came an increase in population and added in- dustries. Tonawanda has a great harbor and immense dock facilities, or it could not take care of lumber to 422,623,000 feet, as was the case in 1894. But this is not the limit of her capacity. She can handle and store greater amounts than that and ship to the various points expeditiously, and at the same rail or water rate as Buf- falo. The harbor can float anything that passes over the lakes, and that, no doubt, has been the principal rea- son for making it so great a lumber city. Tonawanda has many fine brick and stone buildings. She has churches, schools, banks and office buildings, all built on the modern plan. She has an electric light plant and four electric car lines. One" leads to the Falls and the others connect with Buffalo. It will take but a few years to come to a time when if a man should get lost in the suburbs of either Buffalo or Tonawanda, and not know- ing his landmarks, would find it im- possible to tell which city he is in. Tonawanda has one of the greatest iron industries in this part of the State —a furnace for the production of the best pig iron to be found in the United States. This furnace has a capacity of 200 gross tons per day. The product, which is a high grade of strong foun- dry iron, is shipped all over the world. This industry has a capital of f 500, 000. Here is located an extensive plant for the manufacture of a machine familiar to thousands of children and called a merry-go-round. At these works are manufactured canal boat supplies, a patent steering wheel, agricultural implements, feed cutters and iron rol- lers. Another branch of this industry is a syphon condensing engine for the saving of fuel. A wonderful machine, which will doubtless increase the fame of Tonawanda, is a refrigerating and calorific apparatus for attachment to freight cars. This machine produces cold or heat at the will of the operator and is the result of forty years' study and experiment. « Treasurer's Department, — con- sists of a city treasurer whose salary is $5,000 ; a deputy at |2,5oo, a cashier at|i,5oo; two paying tellers at $1,500 each, a bookkeeper at $1,200, an as- sistant at |i,ooo, a warrant clerk at |i,ooo, and five clerks at $900 each. Offices on the ground floor of the city hall. Twentieth Century Club.— Was organized in 1894. The Club-house is located at 595 Delaware Avenue. Meetings are held every Tuesday morning at 11 o'clock, during the months from October to June. The Club has 300 members and has erected a beautiful home at a cost of $75,000. Typotlietse, Buffalo. — Organ- ized in June, 1892, is an association of employing printers organized for the purpose of discussing practical sub- jects connected with the printing trades. The social features are made attractive by frequent dinners and an annual banquet. The membership is thirty-six firms at present. Unitarian Churcli. — The Unitar- ian church of the city is the i65 UNI Church of Our Father (First Unitarian), Delaware Avenue, above Mohawk Street. United German and French Roman Catholic Cemetery. — This burial ground was organized in 1859. The old ground is situated on the west side of the Pine Hill Road, between Delavan Avenue and East Genesee Street, and covers about 25 acres. To the south of the main road as one enters the cemetery, is seen the large Kam monument — a life-size statue of the Virgin Mary standing on a pedes- tal of granite. The George Baldus monument is another beautiful piece of work. This is situated at the north of the road, and is a monument cut from a solid piece of granite in the form of an immense square and is highly polished. Many other hand- some monuments are seen, such as the Krumholz, Hager, Schumann, etc. The new ground, bought in latter years, is located to the left of the road, or directly opposite the old ground. The new grounds contain 28 acres, to which many of the remains from the old Catholic cemetery on North, near Masten Street, were re- moved in 1879. On entering these grounds the first object which attracts the eye is a large crucifix standing 39 feet high, and cut from a solid piece of granite. The figure on the cross is nine feet in height and can be seen from a great distance. This cross is the largest in the country. Directly opposite the crucifix is the Strauss monument, representing the mother of Christ, holding her son after He had been crucified. The figures are life- size and rest upon a large pedestal of granite. To the left of the entrance is the Lang monument, in the shape of a large pyramid, built of red polished granite. The Fornes monument is another fine one. It is the highest in the cemetery. There is also a very elaborate bit of work near the center of the cemetery, a monument formed like a dome, in the chamber of which stands a statue of the Virgin Mary. The Phohl, Lautz and several others are also very beautiful. Visitors are always permitted to enter the grounds at reasonable hours. United Press. — This is an organ- ization for gathering news from all parts of the world and distributing same to the newspapers. It supplies several of the city papers with their outside news. The office of the com- pany is located on the ninth floor of the Ellicott Square Building. United States Civil Service Commissioners. — There are three Commissioners. Regular semi-annual examinations are held in each Post- office which was classified prior to January 5, 1893, on the first Tuesdays of February and August in each year ; at all other offices the examinations are held on the first Saturdays in June and December, and applications for these examinations must be filed with the Secretary of the Board of Exam- iners at least twenty days before the examination. All applicants must weigh not less than 125 pounds and be at least five feet three inches in height. United States Pension Agency. — The Buffalo United States Pension Agency is located on the third floor of the Mooney-Brisbane Building, where the number of pensioners on roll, is 46,205. This agency district com- prises thirty-seven counties in Western New York. The amount paid out each quarter is $1,635,505.26 ; quar- terly payments occurring, January 4, April 4, July 4 and October 4. To such pensioners as reside a distance from Buffalo, vouchers are sent by mail. Universalist Churches. — The Universalist churches of the city are : UNI— VER i66 Church of the Messiah. — North, accordance with the most modern corner Mariner Street. ideas of heating, plumbing and ven- Grace. — Chenango, corner West tilation. It is finished entirely with Ferry Street. terra cotta, pressed brick, iron and hard wood, than which nothing can be University Club.— The Univer- mo.re attractive. It contains three sity Club of Buffalo was incorporated large amphitheaters of varying sizes, a in December, 1894. Only those per- chemical laboratory in which 96 stu- sons are eligible to membership "who dents can work at one time, and other shall have received from a University laboratories with every convenience or College a degree, to obtain which, for practical work in histology, pathol- in regular course, at least three years' ogy, physiology and bacteriology, residence and undergraduate study The dissecting room is beautifully are required, (exclusive of Theological, lighted and ventilated, and is overgo Medical and Legal schools) or who feet long, with asphalt floor, (as have shall have received an honorary de- all the large laboratories and halls,) gree from such University or College, and is considered to be the best of its or who shall have graduated at the kind in the country. The college li- United States Military Academy or at brary contains about 5,000 volumes, the United States Naval Academy; admirably selected for reference and provided that, in the case of the holder study, and freely accessible to stu- of an honorary degree, the candidate dents ; the leading medical journals shall be distinguished in literature, art, are constantly on file, and a competent science or the public service." The librarian is in daily attendance from number of resident members is limited 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. The University has to 250, and this number is practically departments in medicine, law, den- completed. Including non-resident, tistry, pharmacy, and pedagogy. The army and honorary members, the following comprise the fees required membership is about 260. ' The Club of the medical student for a three House is at 884 Main Street, between years' course : Virginia and Allen Streets, and was Matriculation ($5 each year) $15.00 opened March I, 1895. It supplies all Regular ticket, including all required of the usual accommodations of a club eadf^'-ea?) ^""^ ^^^0^^'°^^ *^^^' ^^^°° and makes a specialty of the library. „ ^^'^ !-^^^ /* I .„' „ TT r J c 11 ^- c Examination, ($10 each year 30.00 Here are found a fine collection of works of reference, of biography, an'l $345-00 of books pertaining to colleges and Students taking a four years' course educational matters, and one of the will be required to pay only the Ma- best collections of periodicals in the triculation and Examination fees for city. During the winter months ad- the fourth year, dresses are given monthly by presi- dents of the various colleges and other Vermonters, Society of.— The prominent educators. Buffalo Society of Vermonters was organized September i, 1894. Only University of Buffalo. — Buffalo native born Vermonters, their sons and University was organized in 1845. The daughters and husbands and wives new four-story building erected in and graduates of Vermont colleges are 1893, covers a ground area of 12,000 eligible for membership. The annual square feet, and has a frontage of 160 dues for men are one dollar. The feet on High Street. It is built in objects of the society are purely social. i67 VET— WAT An annual picnic is held in September at which time officers are elected, and a banquet is given during the winter months. The membership is about 150. Veteran Volunteer Firemen's Association. — Organized in 1893 and now has 215 members. All members must have a certificate of having served in the old Volunteer Fire De- partment, and no one is accepted unless he has such certificate. Meet- ings are held the third Thursday of each month at the old Niagara Hose Co. House, 177 Pine Street. Victoria. — (See Fort Erie.) Vital Statistics, Bureau of — This branch of the Health Department is delegated the work of compiling the annual tabular statement of deaths, births and marriages which take place within the city during the year. The statistics of the deaths are well kept, but those of births and marriages are less regularly reported, and the tables therefore are somewhat incomplete. Every physician is required to give a certificate of the death of any person under his charge, with sex, age, place of nativity, married or unmarried, and cause of death, and this is presented to the Bureau and a burial permit issued. The city of Buffalo probably has no prouder distinction than the pre-eminent place it occupies among the cities of the country in point of public health. The death rate for the year 1895 was only 13.95 P^r 1,000 inhabitants. The total number of births for 1895, was 8,081 ; marriages, 2,427 ; deaths, 4,684. Vocal Society. — The Buffalo Vo- cal Society was organized in 1883, There are about 200 active and 250 subscribing members. The dues for active membership are $2 per year, subscribing members, $5. Meetings are held every Tuesday evening in the Y. M. C. A. Building, Mohawk and Pearl Streets. Two concerts are given each season, to which active members are given two tickets and subscribing members four tickets. Washington Market.— Situated on the square between Washington, Chippewa and Ellicott Streets is a large brick building and the largest retail market in Buffalo. It belongs to the city and is under the direction of the Superintendent of Markets. All the stalls within the market building are leased by butchers. Upon the outside of the market are stalls where dressed poultry, butter, fruits and vegetables may be bought. The various products are tastefully and effectively displayed. Wagons are allowed to stand on the side of the streets which surround the market- place, and pedestrians walk along the sidewalks and buy from these wagons. Then there are stalls in front of the market where crockery, tins, knit- goods and variety articles of all sorts may be bought. Saturday,is of course, the greatest market day and upon that dayfromearlymorning till midnight the narrow pavements between the stalls are so crowded that even market-men and farmers can scarcely find room to move about. The market is lit by gas and many of the outside stands use torch lights, so that as one approaches the market at night the scene is a brilliant and active one. The principal market days are Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, Saturday night being the only night the market is open. Washington Street. — Begins at Buffalo River and runs north to 17 High Street. An important business street. Water. — The Water Department is owned by the city. Its valuation is 16,962,000. The service is what is WAT— VVOM i68 known as high pressure. The water is unlimited and pure from Lake Erie, at head of Niagara River, outside of contamination Hne. The capacity of the pumping station is 145,000,000 gallons per day. The water rate is low. Water, Bureau of.— (See Public Works.) White Building.— This building, located at 292-298 Main Street, just opposite Ellicott Square Building, was erected in 1881, and is of red brick, seven stories high, and extending through to Erie Street. It is the old- est modern fire-proof building in the city. The ground floor is one large store, the balance of the building being used for offices, of which there are 1 14. There is a double passenger elevator. Williamsville.— A northern suburb of Buffalo and reached by electric cars ; the Williamsville trolleys connecting with those of Buffalo at the city line. The popu- lation is about 800 and many persons living here do business in the city. There are two or three small hotels. Woman's l^xchange. — Room 42 White Building, 298 Main Street, was organized May i, 1886. Its object is a complication of benefits as diverse as the enumerable industries which afford skilled and unskilled employment for women, from the daintiest piece of art-work in painting or embroidery, down to darning stockings or baking bread, and is under the management of one woman, who is also the pro- jector and founder of the Exchange. The rules for its government are few and simple. The one requisite de- manded being perfection in every de- partment. Hence, specialists are employed and consequently it is en- abled to do any kind of work, from weaving rag rugs to repairing and cleansing the finest lace, from furnish- ing a dainty luncheon from menu card to every particular dish indicated thereon. No tickets of admission are required to enter work in this Ex- change. Ten per cent, is charged on all sales and 15 per cent, on price received for ordered work. This per cent, which must be paid when goods are entered, entitles them to remain one year, at the expiration of which time they must be withdrawn, one-half the paid per cent, being refunded, or re-entered. If withdrawn during the year the per cent, is forfeited by the contributor. Luncheons are served daily in the Exchange from 12 to 3 p.m. Woman's Hospital. — This hos- pital, organized in 1886, is located at 191 Georgia, corner of Seventh Street. Terms are : patients in the ward,|7 to |io per week, private rooms, |i2 to ^25 per week. Poor persons are also received, if a bed be vacant, free of charge and none turned away who can be cared for. Women's Christian Associa- tion. — At Niagara Square and Court Street, was organized in 1870 and has now about 300 active members and 40 honorary members. The objects of the Association are to promote the spiritual, moral, mental, intellectual and physical welfare of women, to clothe the destitute children who have not sufficient means to make them- selves fit to appear in Sunday or day school. Also to aid any adults who are too poor to provide themselves with suitable clothing. The house contains 48 rooms, both single and double. Board costs from $2.75 to $3 per week, and accommodation is fur- nished|at low rates to those awaiting situations, who may be without homes. Lone women, desiring protection, may always depend upon a welcome. In connection with the Women's Christian Association an employment office is Prescription for that "Tired Feeling." ■jg One trip to mooaiawn BcacD. Via the Steamer ''Puritan'' 3 I I Positive C2ire gitaranteed. DR. YOURSELF. Full directions, giving size of dose, etc., will be found at our offices, 27 Lewis Building, and at ^lOOdlawn Bcacb. A SURE WINNER Invest in Woodlawn Beach Securities, Stock or Land. America's Delightful Summer Resort. SIX MILES UP SOUTH SHORE OF LAKE ERIE. woodlawn • BEACH • COMPANY GENERAL OFFICE: 27 LEWIS BLDG., BUFFALO. N. Y. 169 WOM— woo conducted at 125 Court Street, where dressmakers, seamstresses, house- keepers, cooks, housemaids, nurses, governesses, stenographers, type- writers, girls for general office work, book-keeping, packing, labeling, etc., may be secured. Any woman may become an active member of this As- sociation by the payment of one dollar annually, an honorary member by the payment of five dollars annually, and a life member by the payment of twenty-five dollars at any one time. Women's Educational and In- dustrial Union, 86 Delaware Ave- nue, corner Niagara Square, was or- ganized in 1884, and has now about 1,000 members. Its purpose is to in- crease fellowship among women, in order to promote the best practical methods for securing their educational, industrial and social advancement. It gives constant endeavor in behalf of justice and morality. Since its organ- ization more than eleven thousand dollars have been collected for worthy women and several important state and local reforms accomplished. From the employment department the Union furnishes book-keepers, stenographers, telegraphers, copyists, clerks, govern- esses, matrons, nurses, housekeepers, seamstresses, and other desirable women employees, from all of whom good references are required. The employment department does not in- clude a regular intelligence office for domestic servants. Applications are received from women desiring places in families as cooks, housemaids and laundresses, and as far as possible positions are supplied. The Union depends upon the income received from membership dues for its general expenses. Entertainments of a literary and musical character are given once a month, which are free to the public as well as to members of the Union, The department of philanthropy have charge of all matters pertaining to practical philanthropy. It acts as a befriending committee to members of the Union who are sick or in need. It co-operates with the Charity Organ- ization Society in its efforts for the prevention and decrease of pauperism. All cases are carefully investigated before relief is given. The building occupied by the Women's Educational and Industrial Union is a handsome brick structure with ample facilities for increasing the noble work. The Union Hall, which has a seating capacity for five hundred and fifty, and a new Steinway Grand piano, is for rent for concerts, recitals, theatricals and lec- tures ; and is most accessible, being lo- cated on the ground floor. The large corner room on the second floor may be secured for clubs and other meet- ings at a reasonable rental. Seating capacity over two hundred. Womens' Press Clubs. — (See The Scribblers. ) Woodlawn Beach. — Is a delight- ful combination of grove, beach and lawn situated on the American shore of Lake Erie, six miles from the City Hall. Four lines of railroad and a trolley line make it easy of access at all times, and during the summer season two boats run constantly be- tween the beach and the foot of Main Street. Woodlawn has been for many years the favorite rendevous for country drives. Excellent accommo- dations are provided for both man and beast, and Buffalo's system of parks and boulevards lead nearly to the grounds. The beach averages nearly two hundred feet in width, of hard white sand sloping gradually from the grove to the water's edge. The grove comprises thirty acres of stately forest trees, without any underbrush. Throughout the grove are tables, benches, swings, walks, merry-go- round, shooting gallery, toboggan WOR— YOU 170 slide, bowling alleys, billiard hall and other forms of amusement. An elegant dancing hall is one of the most popular attractions. A large dining hall and restaurant adjoin the dancing pavillion and from it one can enjoy a beautiful view of the lake, Buffalo Harbor and the Canadian shore. A well appointed hotel occupies a com- manding position in the grove and yet offers a retired and restful home for its guests. The grounds are illum- inated by electricity and water is sup- plied to all pans by a pumping plant and system of pipes. Exceptional advantages^^are afforded to campers, and Woodlawn's white city during the summer, numbers a thousand or more inhabitants. Working Boys' Home. — (See Benevolent Societies, Institutions and Charities.) Yacht Club.— The Buffalo Yacht Club was organized in i860 and incor- porated in 1880. In the early history of the club it was not so general for men to own a private yacht, so that the fleet was not so large as it is today. Of late, however, the membership has rapidly increased, until now it is about 225. The club-house is situated at the foot of Porter Avenue and is a com- modious three-story structure, erected in 1893 at a cost of about ^12,000. The first floor contains a restaurant, recep- tion rooms, smoking room with an inticing cozy corner, office, etc., while the third floor is taken up entirely by a dancing hall. The house is finished throughout in natural wood and has an exceptionally fine approach, as the parkways lead nearly to the club- house, which has double balconies and is lighted by electricity. All members are elected by ballot of the Board of Directors, The membership is divided into five classes: Honory, Life, Ac- tive, Junior and Non-resident. All active members, upon election, must pay an entrance fee of $25.00, while the annual dues are I15.00, payable semi - annually in advance. Four schooners, seven cutters, ten sloops and cat boats, and eight steamers con- stitute the present fleet of the Club. The Buffalo Yacht Club has been rep- resented in many important regattas and has won valuable trophies. Aside from contests with the different clubs of the Inter-Lake Yacht Racing Asso- ciation, the Club during the season sustain several regattas which have been a great success, and one day in each month is set aside as Ladies' Day, when, after a royal cruise on the lake an informal hop is given in the club house. Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation. — The Buffalo Association was organized in 1852 and now occu- pies its own building on Pearl, Mo- hawk and West Genesee Streets. The building is of brick, four stories high, and is all used by the Association, except the first floor. The building was erected in 1884 and is fitted up with gymnasium, bowling alleys, baths, reception parlors, reading room, etc. Any respectable young man may become a member upon payment of the annual dues, which are $10, which includes all privileges. Lectures, con- certs and entertaiments are given dur- ing the season, and no effort is spared to make the Association both a religi- ous and social benefit to its members. Open daily from 8.30 a. m. to 10 p. m. Youngstown. — About 33 miles from Buffalo, and reached by boat from Lewiston. There is good hotel accommodation. About a mile from the village is located Fort Niagara, a United States military post. All along the river bank from Lewiston to Youngstown are many beautiful sum- mer homes, while sailing and fishing are excellent and much indulged in by the summer visitor. ROCK OF AGES. (American and Central Falls to the Right.) .NIAGARA AS IT IS. "The grandest spectacle it was ever given man to beliold." — Max O'Eell. T IS a remarkable fact that thousands of people, many of them from long dis- tances, and even from foreign lands, are drawn to the marvelous scenery of Niagara Falls every year, who never behold the object of their journey. These people have eyes but they see not. They turn from this most astounding of earth's natural won- ders disappointed, solely because they have failed to obtain a right comprehension of the mighty spectacle, such as is due to every visitor. Where lies the fault ? Perhaps in them- selves, more likely in their stupid guides ; certainly not in the cataract. It is the object of the present work to help every visitor to see the Niagara cataract in all its greatness as it is. The writer assumes the impossibility of anyone obtaining a fair conception of the stupendous waterfall and going away unsatisfied. He hopes to direct attention to its features tnroughout so completely and systematically that whoever accepts his guidance, be it for a day or a month, will obtain 174 Niagara as It Is. so perfect an acquaintance with these wonderful scenes that when the visitor turns away from them it will be with highest expectations far more than realized. What is Niagara? Four principal features of the matchless wonder contrib- ute chiefly toward answering this question. The Niagara, extending from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, I. A Vast ^ distance of 36 miles, is in everything but length River. one of the world's greatest rivers. Its volume considerably exceeds that of the Mississippi, and is unvary ing the year round. The drainage of more than one-fourth of the North American continent, including the chain of Great American Lakes, with Superior at the head, passes between ,^^ Niagara's banks and over "4^'".' ^^^ ^^^ precipice. It is com- ^^^ '^ \ ^' puted that nearly one hun- MississipTi ".---Jw dred million tons of water ^M&WMk^^Wf^^^^ P^ss a given point in its Fig, I. Niagara's Volume, Compared With COUrse every hour. That of Other 'Large Rivers. I n places the river spreads out nearly two miles in width ; its average depth is about 20 feet. Yet, withal, the current of Niagara, from lake to lake, is so swift that, unlike other rivers of its latitude, it never freezes over. Every gallon of water in this remarkable river makes the 2. A stupendous enormous fall of from 158 to 167 feet over ^^ii* the shelving limestone at the cataract, not to mention the additional fall in the rapids, which will pres- ently be noticed. Pause a moment ! The height from which this mighty stream falls is greater than that of the average tall church- spire, and more than twice the height of a lofty seven-story building. What marvel is it that visitors look up from the foot of the great cataract, exclaiming '' Wonderful ! Wonderful!" Niagara as It Is. ^75 as they behold Niagara, with Hghtning speed and thunderous tones, shooting over the dizzy heights, as if issuing from the sky. The rapids of Niagara, which to most persons are as 3. The Furious impressive as the cataract itself, represent in Rapids. two sections a total descent of 153 feet, wholly additional to the Falls proper. The Upper Rapids extend a mile above the Falls, and consist of a precipitation of 55 feet HLGH CHURCH SPIRE, 7 STORY BUILDING. Fig. 2. A Correct Idea of the Cataract's Height by Scale of Feet. Greater Than a Tall Church Spire ; More Than Double That of a Seven-story Block. over ledges of rock and around picturesque islands. The Lower or Whirlpool Rapids are formed by a descent in the Niagara of 98 feet in seven miles, through a remarkably narrow pass, producing some most wonderful effects ; these are alluded to in later pages. The fact escapes the attention of many visitors, that the Niagara River thus makes the enormous total descent of 311 feet, or nearly twice the height of the Falls proper, as shown in Fig. 3, in the stretch of only eight miles below the be- ginning of the Upper Rapids. 176 Niagara as It Is. The great Niagara Canon, extending from the Falls for 4. The Marvelous Seven miles through solid rock to Lewiston Gorge. Heights, is a most astounding sight. It was formed by the wearing away process of the falhng riven the Falls having receded from Lewiston. (See Fig. 5.) The average height of the rocky cliffs, at the sides, is upwards of 200 feet above the river's surface. It is reason- able to suppose that the depth below the water's level is 400 feet or more. The width at the top is 1,200 feet on the average. This wonderful gorge is one of the most convincing evi- dences of nature's power. Niagara's chief wonders having thus been indicated, it now re- mains to consider, one by one, the numerous points from which the best views of its incomparable scenery may be obtained. Vantage Points. UPPER RAPIDS 55 FEET FALL IN ONE MILE. THE CATARACT 15S-167 FEET FALL. LOWER RAPIDS 98 FEET FALL IN SEVEN MILES. On the Bird's-Eye Key given at page 16, all the more desirable points of observation are shown by numbers, and these correspond with the numbered descriptions of the respective views. Hence the reader Fig. 3. Niagara's Total Fall, has but tO proceed from Spot tO 311 Feet in Eight Miles. -^ ^ Spot, book in hand, to have pointed out whatever is deserving of notice. To best serve this end, the matter relating to each vicinity is given under various heads, as follows : ''On the Spot." — Containing a brief introduction, and pointing out concisely but clearly all features of interest ; to be read in presence of the scene, as an aid to the proper appre- ciation of its special points. Niagara as It Is. 177 ''At Leisure." — Under this caption will be set forth infor- mation bearing upon the various points, the reading of which <:fA r^*/^« may be deferred until at leisure rc^r-^^LM^Srh moments. Separate chapters are Kj> devoted to Suggestions for Visitors, ^!*' Tours, etc. 1-— "Dangers and Incidents." — - .^,7.-_._ In her greatness, Niagara must not i^^J^ be trifled with. The fact should- be kept in mind that scores, per- Fig. 4. See Thrilling Narrative haps hundreds, of lives have been OF Avery o n the Rock, the ^ Efforts to Save Him, and His lost at Niagara Falls, frequently as: Death, page 206. ° , -^ -^ the result of ignorance or careless- ness or the disregard of plain warnings. Not a year passes but Niagara numbers one or more victims. Under the various heads are presented such suggestions as will render the tourist's vi,3it a safe one. Whatever inci- dents and accidents are known to have occurred in each vicinity, suicides — of which there have been many — excepted, are briefly recounted. ''Impressions of Vis- itors." — No other spot on earth attracts so many sight-seers, American and foreign, as does Niagara Falls. Among its visit- ors in the past have been some of the greatest of scholars, poets, statesmen and artists, many of whom have recorded their im- pressions of the scenery. The author of the pres- Fig. 5. The Marvelous Gorge, Worn Through Solid Rock for a Distance of Seven Miles BY the Niagara. Estimated depth, 600 feet. ent work has brought together, and offers throughout these pages, a long list of such impressions. This is done for the 1 78 Niagara as It Is. reason that many who visit Niagara will the better appre- ciate each scene for knowing what a Dickens, a Hawthorne, a Tyndall or an Irving have thought and said of the great cataract. As these impressions appear usually in connection with the views to which they directly refer, it is deemed appropriate, in the present connection, to append some general impressions, relating to this great wonder as a whole. Impressions of Visitors. "To what can Niagara be compared, that unrivaled, everlasting phe- nomenon, to the magnificence of which we can never become accustomed." — Offenbach. " The first emotion on viewing Niagara is that of familiarity. Ever after its strangeness increases. The surprise is none the less a surprise, because it is kept until the last, and the marvel, making itself felt in every nerve, all the more fully possesses you. It is as if Niagara reserved her magnificence and preferred to win your heart with her beauty. In all of the aspects of Niagara there is a grave simplicity, which is perhaps a reflection of the spectator's soul, for once utterly dismantled of affectation and convention. In the vulgar reaction from this, you can, of course, be as trivial, if you like, at Niagara as elsewhere." — IV. D. Hozvells. "To have Niagara before me, lighted by the sun and by the moon, red in the day's decline, and gray as evening slowly fell upon it ; to look upon it every day, and wake up in the night and hear its ceaseless voice ; this was enough. I think, in every quiet season now, still do those waters roll and leap, and roar and tumble, all day long ; still are the rainbows spanning them a hundred feet below. Still, when the sun is on them, do they shine and glow like molten gold. Still, when the day is gloomy, do they fall like snow or roll down the rock like dense white smoke." — Charles Dickens. "The universe does not afford its parallel." — Henrie^in, ibjS. ' ' Nature has reversed the usual order of her works to command the rever- ence and awe of humanity. Taking her rainbow from the skies, she set it in the midst of a river-fall, surrounded by clouds that lie below our feet ; planting her high trees at the base of the cliffs, she causes their summits to be viewed from above ; providing an almost inconceivable avalanche of waters, she allows them to be observed from below as if pouring out of the clouds, and in the coldest season without the aid of heat her mighty cloud of vapor rises." — 7\ //older. Niagara as It Is. 179 "Niagara Falls is not simply the crowning glory of the state, but the highest distinction of the nation and the continent. No other like gift of nature equally holds the interest of the world at large, or operates equally as an inducement to crossing the ocean." — Nezu York State Commis- s/ofie?'s' Report . " Here speaks the voice of God — let man be dumb, Nor with his vain aspiring hither come. That voice impels the hollow-sounding floods, And like the Presence fills the distant woods. These groaning rocks the Almighty's finger piled ; For ages here His painted bow has smiled, Mocking the changes and the chance of time — Eternal, beautiful, serene, sublime !" — Willis G. Clark. "Quickened by the emotions there aroused, the blood sped exultingly through the arteries, abolishing introspection, clearing the heart of all bitter- ness, and enabling one to think with tolerance, if not with tenderness, on the most relentless and unreasonable foe." — Prof. Tyndall. ' ' I had in the course of my life beheld some of the most celebrated scenes of nature — Etna and Vesuvius; the Andes almost at the highest point of elevation ; Cape Horn, rugged and bleak, buffeted by the southern tempest — but nothmg I have ever seen or imagined can compare with the Falls of Niagara." — Thomas Day. "Be proud that your country has this miracle of beauty. Stay long enough to let its blessed influence melt into your soul and to allow its image of grace and loveliness to be etched upon your mind. Come with your bride in the golden hour of love ; come with your wife and children in your prime and vigor ; come to be uplifted, vitalized, and strengthened in moments of depression and despondency ; come to be rendered more happy in moments of joy. At no other spot will one be more inclined to utter a prayer of thankfulness that in his little day he has been permitted to behold the eternal image of the Creator's energy — His power manifest in its terrific might ; His goodness in its beauty and sunlight and perpetual bow of promise." — Ja7nes Fraze7' Ghick. ^' Prospect Park in Winter. Suggestions for Visitors. --^u,- Attention to the following information, including that given under ''Tours Arranged for Seeing Ni- agara," will be the means of saving the visitor money, time and vexation. A RELIABLE GUIDE-BOOK shouM be the first provision towards seeing Niagara well and economically. Such a one is ^''Niagara as It Is;'' it will save you many times its cost. From the Train. — Your hotel or the leading points of interest may be reached by the following means : .s:. — By carriage, to be engaged of the agent on the train, or by taking a hotel omnibus. 2d. — By walking. The distance from the American rail- roads to the hotels is hardly one-fourth of a mile, and to the Frills (Prospect Park) and Islands less than half a mile. 3d. — Bystreet-car. A line leading near to the American Fall and other points passes the stations ; fare five cents. How Long to Stay. — You have, perhaps, come from a long distance, and for once in a lifetime — then why not stay a sufficient time to enjoy thoroughly the grandest scenery on earth? The char??is of the great cataract increase with every day of further acquaintance. Unless you are forced to make a brief visit, do not think of spending less than two days here, while four, ten, or more days can well be spent with increas- ing pleasure. How to Dress. — The best apparel for wearing about the Falls is a suiu of fiannel ; mist and spray are no respecters of 1^2 Niagara as It Is. starch. A waterproof mackintosh is an excellent g^arment for wandering about the rocky beaches at the foot of the Falls. This lacking, an umbrella will not come amiss. Per- haps we should say no one ever saw the Falls at their best, from below, without a wetting of the pure Niagara element. The Niagara Hackmen. — Some maybe trustworthy, others far from it ; hence be on your guard. Many carriage trips, bargained for at a ridiculously low price, have ended in pas- sengers being fleeced out of from three to ten dollars apiece. Worse than that, most hackmen will hurry their victims past the best and near views, which are free, and urge them to visit minor ones costing a handsome fee (of which they re- ceive a share), and involving a long drive. You may think you can outwit the regular Niagara hackman, but he will out- general you unless 5^ou resist his beguilements with a vigorous and decisive " No ! " In hiring a carriage, take the number and arrange for the price, time and places to be visited before starting. In case no rate is agreed upon, the law of the corporation of Niagara Falls provides the following : From one place to another in the village of Niagara Falls, 50 cents for one person and ordinary baggage (one trunk and one bag, hat or band- box or other small parcel); 25 cents for each additional person and baggage. From Niagara Falls to Suspension Bridge, one person and ordinary bag- gage, $1; each additional person, 50 cents. Children under three, free ; from three to fourteen, half price. Carriages for points beyond and within five miles of the village line, whether one or more passengers are carried, $2 for the first hour ; $1.50 for each additional hour. For a carriage drawn by one horse, $1.50 for first hour ; $1 for each addi- tional hour occupied. Visitors conveyed to places where admission-fees are chargsd, before be- i'll take you all 'round for TVv^ DOLLARS." Niagara as It Is. 183 ing taken to the free State Park and Islands, or who have received uncivil treatment from drivers, should i-eport the case, with number of carriage, to the Superintendent of the State Reservation, or to any police-officer. To Evade the Street Hackman, give him a decided " No, sir P' emphasis on the last syllable. A civil "No," or silence, will but encourage him to annoy you further. See ''Niaga- rana," page 256, for instances of the hackmen's practices. The Right Way to see the Falls. — Bear in mind that the very be^t views of the Falls are absolutely free.'^ Drive, or better, walk, from point to point leisurely, giving ample time to each view. Of course if your time is short it is better to ride. Visit all the points possible. Every place within view of the Falls, above, below, near and afar, on both sides of the river, has a charm peculiarly its own. Visit the various points as often as possible ; every hour of the day, every kind of weather, every cloud and every breeze mark a change in Niagara's scenery. How TO Divide Your Time. — The Upper Rapids, Goat Is- land, the Sister Islands, the river drives, the visits to La Salle, Lewiston and other outlying points of interest, the selection of photographs, etc., may occupy the early part of each day. The finest rainbows are usually seen from the American side in the forenoon. The Falls seem grandest from noon to sundown, when the sunlight illummes the falling water and the mist. Early in the morning and toward sundown the views of the Falls have a peculiar fascination not felt at midda}^ So visit here chiefly in the afternoon. As the leading points, such as Prospect Point, are most crowded with visitors from 11 a. m. to 4 p. m., it is well to defer the chief visit to these until near the close of the day. * Unscrupulous rascals have stopped visitors to Goat Island and demanded a 50-cent " en- trance-fee " to the Island. By collusion wilh hackmen, this has even been done to those who cross the bridges in carriages. It is plain highway robbery; there is nothing to pay anywhere in the State Reservation for those who walk, and the fare in public carriages is given on page 193., Tours Arranged for Seeing Niagara Systematically. [These tours have been prepared with the utmost care, and may be wholly relied upon to enable visitors to see Niagara scenery systematically and to the best advantage for time and money spent. The numbers refer to the numbered points of interest on the Bird's-eye Key, facing page i6, and cor- respondingly to the descriptive sections throughout.] A One-Day Visit to Niagara. If you cannot spend more than one day here, then the fol- lowing outline, embracing all the more desirable points and a ride of six miles, is recommended; regular total cost, $i.io; or if you walk to Goat Island, 95 cents. From train walk to Prospect Park, points i, 2, 3 (one-half mile). Then walk down Inclined Stair (4) to 5, and return by Inclined Car ; 5 cents. [Round trip by Maid-of-the-Mist Barge, 50 cents.] Take Reservation carriage from Prospect Point (3) to Upper Rapids and Goat Island vicinity, points 7, g, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ; round trip, with five stop-off coupons, 15 cents. Most visitors walk over the route of 2^ miles, which is free, as there are many interesting stops. [For $1 the Cave of the Winds (ii) maybe entered with guide and suitable clothing.] Then take street-railroad (D) to Whirlpool Rapids (27), two miles away. See fig. 13, page Fare and ticket for elevator, 55 cents. Cross Lower Suspension Bridge to Canada; 10 cents. Take street-car in Canada, returning to Falls on Canada side for points 18, 19, 20; fare 5 cents ( one mils and a half ). Return to American side by Upper Suspension Bridge {16); 20 cents. Make a second visit to Prospect Park. Niagara in Four Days. This is a complete tour of all points of interest, and may be made for from $13.25 to $20, all hotel charges included. Niagara as It Is. 185 First Day. — Fo renoo 72— Wisxi Prospect Park (i to 3) and Goat Island vicinity (7 to 14); free. Af' cr fi oo)2 —Cvoss Upper Suspension Bridge (16) and visit points 18 to 21^ in Canadian Park. Second Day. — Foreiiooyi — Take observation-car on morning train for ride along Gorge to Lewiston and return ; fare 25 cents. Stop at Whirl- pool Rapids, 24 (see fig 13, page 93), American side. Aftei-noon — Visit Rocky Beach, Goat Island and Cave of the Winds (11, 13); loitering about the small islands (g, 14) and in Prospect Park (i) until night. Third Day. — -Forenoon — Drive or take train as far up the river as La Salle (15), returning by noon. Afternooyi — Visit the rocks at foot of Inclined Stair (4), walk leisurely to 5; then take steamer (6) for ferry-landing (17) in Canada; visiting In- spiration Point (19) and Table Rock (20) in Canadian Park until sun- down, and return by last boat. Fourth Day. — Forenoon — Take train to Lower Suspension Bridge, thence to Canada ; then take carriage to the Whirlpool (25) and to Brock's Mon- ument (26); returning by same route. After7ioon — Visit points on American side, including drives to Indian Reservation, 7 miles northeast, if desired. Niagara in Two Weeks. Two weeks can most profitably be spent in viewing the great cataract and the surrounding country, and will be found all too short a time — every day the fascination grows, and the desire to linger becomes stronger. As the climate at Niagara is most delightful and healthful, a more prolonged stay is likely to prove not only enjoyable but beneficial. Monday. — Spend the first day at Prospect Park and Goat Island vicinity, including the Three Sister Islands. Tuesday. — Cross the Upper Suspension Bridge leisurely, and visit the points of interest in Canadian Park, including Dufferin Islands. Wednesday. — Visit Goat and adjacent small islands in the forenoon ; then go down Inclined Railway to foot of American Fall, and later take a round trip on steamer. Thursday. — Go to Lewiston by observation-train on N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., returning by same train to Suspension Bridge station, and from here vi^vit Whirlpool Rapids on both sides of the river. i86 Niagara as It Is. Friday. — Spend the forenoon on Three Sister and Luna Islands and Terra- pin Rocks ; in the afternoon traverse Biddle Stairs to Cave of the Winds and Rocky Beach. Saturday. — Take a trip up the river to La Salle in the morning ; spend the afternoon in Prospect Park and on Rocky Beach below. Monday. — Visit the Spring and upper end of Goat Island in the forenoon'; in the afternoon make second visit to Canadian Park. Tuesday. — Drive to Whirlpool, Brock's Monument, Lundy's Lane Battle- field, Falls View and Prospect Drive, returning to Dufferin Islands and Canadian Park. Order luncheon at hotel on Monday night. Wednesday. — Spend the day on Goat Island, including small islands, Rocky Beach, Prospect Park, etc. Thursday. — Stroll along beside the river to head of Rapids in the forenoon; visit Prospect Park and take a second trip by steamer, loitering about the rocks at the foot of Falls. Friday. — In the forenoon make a selection of photographs and other me- mentos. In the afternoon take a second and last trip to Whirlpool Rapids. Saturday .—\n the forenoon visit Goat Island for the last time ; devote the afternoon to crossing the Upper Suspension Bridge, and, later, the Can- adian Park. Niagarana. Large numbers of wild ducks have been known to float over the Falls on dark, misty nights ; hundreds have been picked up dead below the Falls in a single day. Niagara's columns of mist may be plainly seen for from 25 to 50 miles on almost any clear morning, curling like vast bodies of light smoke and chang- ing their shapes like clouds. An Indian tradition held that the great cataract demands a yearly sacrifice of two human victims — an average which, known or unknown, is undoubt- edly more than reached. The remarkable driveway and walks opposite Prospect Park, extending from the top of the bank to the water's edge 180 feet below, was built in 1827. For accomplishing the arduous work the Canadian government granted its projectors the sole right to manage for 21 years. the ferry below. Does familiarity breed contempt regarding Niagara also ? There are in neighboring cities and villages, thousands of persons, well-to-do and of fair intelligence, who have never seen the Falls The writer some time since met the son of a wealthy man of Rochester, 70 miles away, who had trav- eled almost everywhere over America, but had never seen the great cataract. BIRD'S-EYE KEY TO NIAGARA SCENERY. The numbers correspond with the numbered descriptive sections throughoiit the book, the letters to Railroad Depots, Street Car Lines, Hotels, Etc. I — Prospect Park. 3 — Hennepin View. 3 — Prospect Point: 4 — The Park Incline to Lower River and Ferry. 5 — At Foot of American Fall. 6 — The Mist Voyage. 7 — Upper Rapids and the Twelve Isles. 8 — Goat Island. 9 — Luna Island. lO— Riddle Stairs. ir— Center Fall. 13— Rocky Beach — Rock of Ages. 13 — Porter's Bluff— Terrapin View. 14 — The Three Sisters. 15 — Up the River— American Side. 16 — Upper Suspension Bridge and the Gorge. 17 — Cliff Roadway to the Ferry. 18— Queen Victoria Park. rg — Inspiration Point. 30 — Table Rock View. 31 — Canadian Park Islands. 33 — Up the River — Canada Side. 33 — Portal of the Niagara Power Tunnel. A — Station of the New York Central Railroad. B — Station of the Erie Railroad. C — Station of the Michigan Central Railroad ; Street Cars to Suspension Bridge, Canada Side. D — Prospect Park Terminus of Street Railroad on American Side. Thk Indians knew the Falls as 'Thunderer of Waters.'" ~> X' THE POINTS OF INTEREST. Prospect Park, (i.*) This beautiful forest-grove of ten acres is more frequented by visitors than any other place about the great cataract. The Park is a part of the New York State Reservation, and contains Prospect Point, Hennepin View and other fine spots for sight- seeing. The park proper has a frontage of i,ooo feet along the river chasm, and of 500 feet above the American Fall. That portion of the State Reservation of which it forms a part, on the mainland, reaches along the water's edge from the Suspension Bridge to a point above the Upper Rapids at Port Day, having a total water-frontage of one and one-fourth miles. Prospect Park is headquarters and lunching-place for near- ly all picnics and excursions to Niagara Falls. Lunching is permitted in the upper half of the Park only, in the vicinity of the frame buildings. Street-cars convey passengers to the Falls-street entrance of the Park, this point being the upper terminus of the *NoTE.— The section numbers throughout correspond with the locality numbers in Bird's-eye Key, .which see. 1 88 l^iAGARA AS It Is. Niagara Falls and Suspension-bridge street-car line. This line passes the several railroad stations. The State Reservation carriages, referred to under Section 3, carry people from here to Goat Island and return. Tlie stone building near the Falls end of the Park is the entrance to the Inclined Stair and Railway to the foot of the Fall, and contains the office of the Superintendent of the State Reservation. The Indian women who offer bead-work and other trinkets for sale near the main entrance are an interesting feature of the place. They are descendants of the aboriginal tribes of this vicinity, and belong to the Tuscarora Indian reservation, located nine miles east of the Falls. The Indians knew the Falls as '' Thunderer of Waters." The State Reservation. — In the year 1885 the State of New York pur- chased Prospect Park, containing 14;^ acres, above and below the cliff, Goat and other islands (about 80 acres), and a strip of land extending for more than a mile up the main shore of the river — a total of 107 acres. which was converted into a free park forever. Previously the land on the American side extending to the great cataract was private property, and no: even a peep could be had of the grand spectacle without paying a definite fee. Manufactories and other commercial establishments then occupied the islands and points near the cataract, marring the scenery greatly. All these have been removed since the State came into possession, and an attempt is being made to restore the primitive beauty of the vicinity. The cost of these lands, and the improvements made thereon, have to date exceeded a million and a half of dollars — truly a magnificent gift to the world from the great Empire State of the Union. The Reservation was formally thrown open t3 the public on the 15th of luly, 1885, and is maintained by State au- thority for the general benefit. Two years later the Canadian government purchased lands for the free Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park on the op- posite side of the river. Hennepin View. (2.) On the Spot. — This point of observation has the advan- tage of occupying the highest ground near the river's edge in this vicinit}^ It affords f.n unequaled general survey of the several falls and of the gorge directly below. There can 19^ Niagara as It Is. be no better point from which to obtain a first view of the grand spectacle. Facing the FaUs, the American FaU with its boldly irregular outline is seen immediately beyond the angular point of land ahead. Then in succession appear the dark-wooded Luna Island ; the lower end of Goat Island ; the Horseshoe Fall, with its deeply receding outlines, usually hidden in part by rising spray ; the Canadian woods and bluff in the distance, to the right of the cataract; and across the river the Queen Victoria Park directly opposite. Glancing over the brink of the chasm we see the shed of the inclined railroad and the ferry-landing almost below us. The Upper Suspension Bridge spans the gorge to the right. The distance to the top of the bluff opposite is 1,500 feet ; to the Horseshoe Fall at the far- thest point in view (for much of it is not seen from here), the distance is over three-fourths of a mile. The cliff here is igo feet above the water's edge. At this point a deposit of talus is piled up from the water's edge against the face of the cliff for half its height. The river below the falls is usually of a beautiful deep green color, its surface marked with fantastic lines of white foam. The v/alk from Hennepin View to Prospect Point at every step shows some new beauty in the great cataract and its en- vironments. Be sure to stop at the crescent-shaped projec- tion on the nearer end of the stone parapet and obtain a mag- ficent side view of American Fall. This view is of special interest because it presents an unbroken sweep of falling water 164 feet in height. At the steps further on we have a nearer view of the edge of this fall, dashing downward with all the force that thousands of tons of water per minute hurled over the dizzy height can impart. At Leisure. — It was at Hennepin View, in the winter of 1678-9, that the Niagara cataract is supposed to have been first seen by European discoverers. The visitors were Father Hennepin, a Jesuit missionary, and Chevalier de La Salle. The former gave the first account by an eye-witness of this nat- ural wonder. This printed description was accompanied by a sketch of the Niagara as It Is. 91 Falls, evidently drawn from memory after Hennepin's return to Europe. In this view of Hennepin's the line of the Horseshoe Fall is straight, not curved as now — a circumstance that need cause no surprise when the constant changes the Falls are undergoing are considered. At times when no wind is stirring, the volumes of spray, which form so conspicuous a part of the scenery here, rise thousands of feet into the air, mingling often with the clouds above. Early in the day when the sky is clear and the air calm, this spray towers so high that it may be seen for a distance of 50 miles or more in every direction from the Falls. Seen from a distance the spray hovers like a cloud in varying shapes over the great cata- ract, appearing often as the only object visible in an otherwise cloudless sky. The Niagara cloud is always conspicuous on a clear winter morning. The river out from Hennepin View is 189 feet deep and 900 feet wide. Although the foam-marked surface is calmer than at any other point between the Falls and Lower Rapids, there is known to be a strong undercurrent caused by the momentum with which the river plunges over its great fall. Dangers. — It is only necessary to caution the visitor against lean- ing over the brink of the chasm in reaching for branches or flowers- Throw no stones from this point ; they might strike persons below. Impressions of Visitors. " A vast and prodigious Cadence of Water which falls down after a sur- prising and astonishing manner, in so much that the Universe does not af- ford its parallel. * * At the foot of this horrible Precipice we meet with the River Niagara which is not above a quarter of a league broad, but it is wonderfully deep in some places. * * This Wonderful Downfall is com- pounded of two cross-streams of Water, and two Falls, with an isle sloping along the middle of it. The waters which fall from this horrible Precipice do foam and boyl after the most hideous manner imaginable ; making an outrageous Noise, more terrible than that of Thunder ; for when the Wind blows out of the South their dismal roaring may be heard more than Fifteen Leagues off. * * From the great Fall unto this Rock [above Lewiston] the two brinks of the River are so prodigious high that it would make one tremble to look steadily upon the Waters rolling along with a rapidity not to be imagined." — Father Heime^pin, in idjS. " In certain respects the New York Reservation has advantages over that of the Canadian side. There are greater beauties of a kind depending on refinement and delicacy ; subtle qualities and natural elements of scenery largely apart from the actual cataract ; greater beauties of a kind in which the nearness to the eye of illuminated spray and the mist and fleeting waters, intricate disposition of leaves with varied play of light and shadows, refrac- tions, reflections, and much less undefinable conditions of water, air and fol' iage, are important parts." — F. L. Olmsted. 192 Niagara as It Is. "The view of that vast ampitheatre, of that prodigious volume of water, breaking into foam with a roar of thunder, like the huge tidal wave that follows an earthquake, made me giddy and caused me to forget all I had ever read, all I had ever heard, and all that had ever been suggested to my imagination concerning it." — Offenbach. Prospect Point. (3.) On the Spot. — This point is the best one for sight-seeing at Niagara. Here, safely environed by a low stone parapet, we obtain not only the best near view of the Falls, but also one of the finest distant views. The best place for ob- servation is along the wall for a rod back from the angle, on the gorge side of the Point. Do not leave this spot without having studied the scenery leisurely, changing your position yard by y^sdi along the parapet. In order to avoid the crowd always met here at midday, and that you may see the rain- bows, plan to visit this point in the morning, and again near the close of the day when the sun faces the American Fall and gives to it a splendor lack- ing earlier in the day. There are seats near by from which the scenery may be enjoyed. Observe at this point the deep, translucent water of the Fall as, almost within touch, it leaps over the shelving lime- stone of the precipice. Notice with what charming grace it sweeps downward to meet the clouds of spray at the foot of the Fall. Follow with your eyes the contour of the descend- ing flood and note the marvelous spectacle of spray-edged water and dense shifting mist rising from the rock-bound caldron 164 feet below. Toward the close of a cloudless day, when the sun illuminates the spray to dazzling whiteness, this scene is inexpressibly grand. The huge blocks of dark stone in front of the Fall below, now covered and now dis- closed by clouds of ever-rising mist, may have fallen ages ago from the height above. Fku:i Niagara as It Is. 193 Here is the only place where the river possesses consider- able depth at the extreme edge of the cataract. The Fall is nearly goo feet wide from the shore to Luna Island. Its irregular outline is striking. See how the water is thrown out here and there in all directions by craggy points along its brow. Notice the deep gorge to the right ; the pictur- esque woody islands in front, and the remarkable rise of 52 feet in the river within the distance of a half mile up- stream, which causes the Upper Rapids, plainly seen in view from Prospect Point. Usually there are fine rainbows to be seen from here in the morning, depending on a clear sky and a down-stream drift of the mist. This point is absolutely safe for seeing the Falls in winter. Between the cedars, willows, roses, etc=, that are scattered in wild confusion along the up-river path in the Park, pictur- esque views of the Rapids may be seen. From the Point, at intervals of ten minutes, visitors may take a Reservation carriage for a ride to Goat Island and vicinity. Fare for the round trip, 15 cents ; this entitles the passenger to a ticket having five coupons, permitting the holder to alight at all leading points along the route, and to take any later carriage the same day, either for proceeding or returning. At Leisure. — Prospect Point is usually one of the first and the last visited views of the Falls on the American side. This is because of its conven- ience — being but ten minutes' walk from the trains — and of the exceeding beauty of the views obtained from it. Here on a convenient seat the visitor may spend hours watching the wonderful moving waters, the rolling foam, the mist-clouds, the woody islands, the marvelous lights and shadows which shift with every breeze or passing cloud — and find new delight each moment. It is noticeable that the ground presents the same general level below as above the Falls, hence the deep gorge to the right. Sometimes at a first glance over the cliff the visitor fails to appreciate the great height of the Fall. But after descending the Inclined Road (see 4, Bird's-eye Key) to the foot of the Fall, a look upward will dispel this delusion. In the seams between the rocks and on the rock shelves, kalmias, hyperi- cums, lobelias, aquilegias, and many other plants and shrubs may be seen growing. The singular appearance of the trees near the Point — their 194 Niagara as It Is. branches all bend downward — is caused by the weight of frozen mist they support almost continually during winter. An easterly wind somewhat decreases the current of the river temporarily by driving its waters up-stream, while a wind from the west tends to deepen the river, causing the flood at the brink to leap further out. Other things being equal, the Falls are grandest during a continuous high west wind. Those that see Niagara only in summer see but half its beauties. In winter the spray, congealed into ice on every tree, bush and rock above the Falls glitters with diamond luster in the sunlight ; while in the gulf below cones, pyramids, towers, immense stalagmites and frost-work of every va- riety are formed by the falling waters. Ice has been known to form on the rocks below the American Fall to a height nearly even with the edge of the precipice. Dangers and Incidents. — The Point being securely walled at its edge, no danger need be apprehended, unless it be from leaning far out over the parapet. In following the low banks along the Rapids care should be taken not to venture too near the brink. March 3, 1877, a resident of Geneva, New York, named Stone, walked into the Rapids near the upper end of the Park and was carried over. In 1873, a man known as Belleni stretched a rope from the Park to the Canadian shore. Providing himself with a thick rubber cord nearly twelve feet in length, he walked the rope to the center. Attaching one end of the cord here and firmly holding the other end in his hands, he leaped into the river below, the tension of the cord serving to keep him in an up-right position. He repeated the feat three times, but the last time the cord broke, letting him sink into the water, where he nearly suffocated When he finally rose he was picked up in an exhausted condition by a waiting boat. Impressions of Visitors. "This is certainly the most beautiful and picturesque view of the cata- ract, the two falls blending into one picture, presenting themselves in fine perspective'" — Robert Wallace. " Mighty waters ! headlong tumbling Down the vast abyss below. Ceaseless pouring, endless roaring, Does this torrent forever flow." — G. W. Winslow. "How regularly the water comes over ! It hardly looks like water in its grand solid-like roll ; in some places like long broken ringlets, but is always the same. What a power it suggests ! Of course the color will vary in the light. It is blue and green in the summer, I suppose ; now it is yellowish and gray." — Henry Irvmg, in Impressions of America. Niagara as It Is. 195 " This is certainly the place for obtaining the finest near view of the Falls. The eye looks across the whole breadth of the river at the end of the Rapids, just where the water sweeps over the long line of the American Fall On the other side is Goat Island, densely covered with trees, and beyond is seen the Horseshoe Fall. Gazing on the scene from this point, the grandeur of Niag'ira 'grows upon you.' Long hours I staid on this spot, fascinated by the scene." — James JMacaiiley, Af.A., M.D. " When winter has bound with icy fetters all common streams, the un- tamable Niagara scoffs at its power, rushes from Lake Erie to the Falls, ex- ulting in its freedom, thunders from the precipice, and sends into the frosty air perpetually its canopy of mist. The mist sinks slowly down, covering and moistening everything. As it falls winter asserts its power, and freezes it into a pearly or crystal covering for every twig and leaf. The trees are cased in ice. Their boughs are bent by the weight and droop downward in arches. Long icicles, assuming fantastic forms, are pendent from the rocks. The groves wear a lustrous splendor ; and when the gentle air sighs though the wood, the stirred branches touch each other with a tinkling sound. And then the light ! It is oppressive in its splendor, like that which radiates from the ' shining ones' who do God's bidding near His throne." — Geo. W. Clinton. The Park Incline. (4.) On the Spot. — An enclosed stairway of 251 steps leads from the building near Prospect Point to the foot of the American Fall and the ferry-landing below ; this, of course, is free. A charge of five cents is made for a ride down or up in the car. Many visitors walk down the stairs, a comparatively easy task, and ride up. More than 100,000 people pass over the Incline each season. This Incline is operated the year round, and affords a perfectly safe means of visiting the water's edge during the season of ice. The trip is an absolutely safe one. The' cable of steel which carries the car would alone be strong enough to trans- port a dozen cars together up and down the course. At Leisure. — This convenient Incline belongs to and is conducted by the State of New York, which accounts for the fact that the fare for being car- ried up or down it is but a fraction of that charged elsewhere for similar transportation. Cars propelled by water-power were first used on this Incline in 1845, ■which was evolved from a very crude and primitive affair known as the American and Center Falls in Winter from below— near Rock of Ages. Rock of Ages lies far beneath the ice in the foreground. Niagara as It Is. 197 "Indian's Ladder." This was a large cedar tree resting against the rock. Its branches, together with some notches cut in its trunk, answered for footholds in ascending or descending. But the tree did not reach to the top of the cliff, so the " ladder " was lengthened by the use of bushes growing out of rock crevices along the rugged precipice ; ropes also were provided to ensure a safer trip to plucky sight-seers. The first attempt at anything like a con- venient staircase was the construction of long ladders reaching from near the river's edge to the top of the bluff. Following the ladder age there was built the first regular stairway. It was a winding stairway, but much safer than anything that had preceded it. Thousands of people went up and down this stairway who would never have risked the descent in the old prim- itive way. The present Incline, or essentially the same, was constructed in 1845. River's Edge at Foot of American Falls. (5.) On the Spot. — To the lover of all that is grand and thrill- ing in nature, nothing can surpass the fascination of clam- bering about — mists permitting — the rocks at the foot of the American Fall, and of watching the colossal waterfall from below. The best time for such observations is early in the afternoon on days when the wind blows up-stream, thereby keeping the mist-showers away. Then one can draw very close to the Fall. The sun faces the descending flood and foam and spray, and radiantly illuminates them. Standing on the easily-reached stony beach indicated by C C, in fig. 6, page 28, the visitor can better comprehend the real height of Niagara than from any other point. Looking up you behold the river shooting over the cragged shelf of rock 164 feet above, and falling uninterruptedly from this height. This, by many, is considered the grandest of all the sights at Niagara Falls. It requires no stretch of imagina- tion to think of the great river as pouring out of the sky. Usually the visitor may proceed from the Incline, A, by walks B B, as far as C D, without the protection of an umbrella or waterproof. To go beyond these points unprotected may result in a soaking, as the falling mist veers with the wind unless the latter happens to come quite stiffly from down- 1 93 Niagara as It Is. stream. With slight protection one may often approach the American Fall b}^ rude rock steps as near as F and G, or higher, to J and K, without discomfort. Should the wind blow strongly up-stream, it is possible with little incon- venience to draw as near to the caldron as H and I. As seen from these points no painter, either in words or pigments, could do justice to the seething, foaming, dashing waters, with their fiercely-driven blasts of spray. It is indeed a picture of the force and fury of Niagara unbarred. If an ascent is made to I, J or K, observe the dark cavern known as the Shadow of the Rock, behind the descending column of water. Formerly this could be entered, but not now. The contrast between the cavern's shade and the high light on water, spray and foam in front is remarkably fine. The irregular roll of the foam-marked current as the eye glances along the extreme verge of the fall high above, is worthy of special notice. This vicinity is easily reached in winter, and is a favorite point from which to admire the ice scenery of the Falls. Whether it is safe to venture far be- yond the points B B, shown on map, depends entirely upon the state of the ice-covered footways. At Leisure. — The power, height and grandeur of Niagara is deeply im- pressed upon all visitors as they stand here on the bank of the river at the foot ot the American Fall. And yet this fall is but a fold in the drap- ery of Niagara's great sweeping garment. The mighty force so markedly felt in this one fall extends along Niagara's verge for two-thirds of a mile, and for much of the way the thickness of the falling body of water is many times greater than the near edge of the American Fall. The aggregate water in the American Fall before us is estimated as only one-tenth of the river's entire volume. To the student of geology and botany, the rocky cliffs, cut down as with a blade in many places, and the sloping talus below, in this vicinity and else- where about the Gorge, afford a rich field for enlarging one's acquaintance with these sciences. The close of the day is the time recommended for visit- ing the scenery here, yet it should be borne in mind that Niagara varies much in appearance at different times, and that it is wall to visit all scenes at different times in the day if possible. Tha wintar scanery here i:; often wonderfully grand, Some idea of its beauty is given in the plate on paga 31. Niagara as It Is. 199 Fig. 6. — Rocks and Paths at Foot of American Fall. A, Incline. B . Walks. C C, Beach. D E G J, Points always accessible. F.H I K, Points OFTEN accessible. L, Walk TO Maid-of-the-Mist Ferry. This is the usual place for crossing the famous ice-bridges. These wonder- ful formations, together with other winter features, such as mountains of frozen spray near the fall, the icicles hanging from high cliffs and meeting icy stalagmites below, the sheets of frozen spray over rocks, shrubs, trees and buildings, the never ceasing flow of water in the midst of so much of the congealed element, the dazzling splendor of the sun darting his beams over all, the roar of falling ice, the ceaseless thunder of the cataract, all combine to render the scene incomparably grand and terrific. From the foot of the Incline A (fig 6, above), it is but a short course down stream to the outlet of the great Niagara Falls Power Tunnel. Dangers and Incidents. — There is no danger along the water's edge if ordinary caution is observed. The rocks being in the main rounded, are easy to walk over. In the winter they may be and often are unsafe because of their icy surface. Mr. Terris, of Henry Irving's dramatic company, had a narrow escape here. There were special dangers owing to the accumulations of ice. He slipped upon an icy descent, and saved himself from going headlong into the torrent by clutching a jagged rock, which severely lacerated his right hand. He played with his arm in a sling for several nights afterward. 200 Niagara as It Is. Impressions of Visitors. " Being at the top was nothing to being here. This great sheet that's been unrolling from the top must be the drapery that covers the ' Great White Throne'; and out of that white cloud the sun collects and distributes seg- ments of colored arches to build one glorious canopy that shall cover a coming greatness ; and then the Kingdom of the Most High shall have begun — these were my feelings. Do what I would, feel about and try to think differently, groping among solid rocks for an argument, I could not bring my- self to believe that these things were of this world." — Be7i Brierley' s Tri^ to America. "Ice-bridge building at Niagara is an interesting process. During cold weather, ice is always seen tumbling over the Falls, and a constant procession of it is floating down stream. This is anchor-ice ; a kind of slush that is formed in the great expanse of rapids above the Falls where permanent ice can never form. This floating ice fills the eddies along the edge of the river below, making stationary ice from the shore, where the water is comparatively quiet. The two lines on each side of the stream of floating ice in the middle of the river, where it grinds against the stationary ice, are as straight as an arrow for long distances. If the cold weather continues, keeping up a supply of anchor-ice at the same time that the sides are constantly encroaching upon the stream, the time comes when, at some narrow place, the floating and crowded tide of anchor-ice becomes jammed and is suddenly stopped, forming a bridge which, with continued cold weather, becomes very strong. The addition of floating ice to the upper edge widens the bridge up stream, until its edge approaches the foot of the Falls, and on the American side, where the Falls are not so heavy, the bridge is sometimes built up so as partly to cover them. A somewhat rare conjunction of thawing and freezing is usually necessary to form one of those tremendous ice-jams which we christen an ice-bridge. The thaw must be sufficient to bring the ice in rafts from its almost limitless source — Lake Erie — and the subsequent freezing must be sufiicient to stop it below the Falls." — J. Seymour, in Science Nevus. Niagarana. " What's to hinder " — " Ya?ikeefrom Dozun-East." "Mother, is it buttermilk ?" — A child's comm,ent. " The universe does not afford its parallel." — Father Hennefin. " By Gorr ! he come down fust rate !" — A Germ,an on his fir- st visit. " I guess all natur' is going to wash out to-day ; for see how that ere big kettle biles." — John Dozuniyig. The remotest springs tributary to Niagara Falls are 1,200 miles disiant. Winter Scene at foot of American Falls ; An Ice-Mountain ioo feet high; Stalactites and Stalagmites to the left. The Maid-of-the-Mist Voyage. (,6.) On the Spot. — A trip by passenger steamer through the gorge directly' in front of all the Falls is one of the safest yet most thrilling experiences that the tourist can enjoy while at N.agara. By a tortuous course the boat makes its way ttirough eddies along the foot of the cataracts and in front of Goat Island, touching at several free landings on the two sides of the river for the accommodation of passengers. From the cabin and deck the visitor may behold the several Falls to the best possible advantage from below. The waterproof clothing is furnished without extra charge to passengers. The fare for the round trip is 50 cents. A new steel boat is building, which may result in several ad- vantages to the public. At Leisure. — This voyage, so exciting, yet all too quickly made consid- ering the many points of interest on the way, is one well worth repeating. In case of repetition, note chiefly during the first voyage the general aspect of the surroundings and the forms and comparative appearance of the differ- ent Falls ; on the second observe the currents, eddies, cliffs, rocks, mist, etc. ■ The river's surface immediately in front of the Falls, remarkable as it may seem, is comparatively calm. But this calm surface is known to extend but few fathoms in depth ; below it there is a powerful undercurrent, sweeping on unseen to the Whirlpool Rapids below. This is easily understood. When in the great Niagara current, from a height of more than fifty yards, the vast weight of 28,000 tons of water per second is hurled downward, the enormous force generated must find vent in some way. This it does by descending, no one can tell how deep, beneath the surface of the river, and appearing again in violent form at the Rapids, two miles below. The peculiar lines of foam which so curiously mark the surface of the water just below the Falls are attributed to this swift underlying current. Dangers and Incidents. — This voyage on the steamer is a per- fectly safe one. For more than a hundred years there has been a skiff and yawl-boat ferry conducted here without a known accident Niagara as It Is. 203 In rare cases persons on board may have a touch of sea-sickness, which can cause no special inconvenience on so short a voyage. Impressions of Visitors. "One day we launched a small boat at the Inclined Railway and entered on a most exciting and perilous exploration of this part of the canon. With great difficulty we approached within a short distance of the American Fall, which darted great jets of water upon us and far out in the stream. The roar was so terrific that no voice or human sound could be heard. The leadsman cast his line, which passed rapidly down and told of 83 feet. This was quite near the shore." — IV. II. Ballezu, of the Government Siu'vey. " The view from the boat as it dances on the surface of the troubled waters below the Falls is more effective in overpowering the imagination than that from the banks above ; and still more grand from the deck of a small steamer which approaches almost to the foot of the Falls." — William Cham.bers. " The deep green glassy river beneath the awful precipice of rocks, the mighty floods rolling and tumbling from the heights above, and the singularly w-ild, romantic and varied scenery around fill the mind of the beholder with sensations not to be described." — Tycone Fozver. The Upper Rapids and Thh Twelve. (7.) On the Spot. — The locality of the Rapids and the twelve picturesque little islands to the north of Goat Island has al- ways been a favorite one with visitors. Luna Island, the one of this group nearest to the verge of the cata- ract, is separatel} considered in Lnother chapter. Few of the other islands of the group have ever, so far as we know, been touched by the foot of man. At this point the river, whose current runs at the rate of seven miles an hour above Goat Island Fig.y.— upper rapids and "The twelve" islands. speeds over rocky siielves at the rate of 30 miles an hour, as 204 Niagara as It Is. if hastening to make the final plunge. Here are a multi- tude of rolling cascades and eddies, affording a rare scene of waters in motion. As the general depth of the water is shal- low compared with the greater volume of the river beyond Goat Island, the influence of continued east winds in lower- ing the water, and of continued west winds in deepening it, is more apparent here than at some other points. One of the things to impress the visitor on looking up the river from the bridges, is the remarkable rise in the water. This rise amounts to 52 feet within the first mile above the Falls, and is the cause of the rapid current. Notice that the water at the upper end of the Rapids, and which there is on a level many feet above our heads, has the appearance of meeting the sky. By the aid of the sketch subjoined (fig. 7, page 203) notice just above the bridge the Troubled Pool (A), a fine example of agitated waters. From near the center of the first bridge see at B, about ten rods up-stream, the splendid roll of water. Several hundred feet above Brig and Ship isles is a cascade averaging about nine feet in height and extending with a beauti- ful roll from the river center to Goat Island. From the main shore at D near this cascade is to be had the best general view of the Upper Rapids. Linden cascade at E is worth noticing. How strangely the waters plunge and boil beneath the linden boughs! Just below the second bridge, the current at G pre- sents a rare and charming concave of swiftly passing waters, and at H a beautiful cascade of irregular outline. At Leisure. — In the winter and spring, when the ice of the Great Lake system breaks up, huge masses are borne down the Rapids, adding to the wild tumult of their waters. These Rapids were first bridged in 1817 by Augustus Porter, at a point somewhat above the present bridge. The origi- nal structure lasted but for one season. It was replaced the next year by a more substantial one, which lasted from 1818 to 1856, during which year the present elegant iron structure was built by Col. Peter Porter, who described the work as follows : ' 'A suitable pier and platform was built at the water's edge ; long timbers were projected over this abutment the distance of the next Upper Rapids above Goat Island Bridge : from American Shore. 2o6 Niagara as It Is. pier and heavily weighted on the shore end with stone to prevent their moving. Logs were framed through the ends of the projecting timbers res ■ ting on the rocky bottom, around which, a permanent pier of stone was built to support the present structure. The plan was repeated for each arch." In former years there was a rude bridge from Bath Island to Ship Island Ship Island(see fig. 7, page203)at the time was known as Lovers' Retreat. Besides the visit made in daylight these Rapids should be viewed by the light of the full moon, if possible. Its yellow rays make the broken waves appear like auburn tresses, twining around the dark rocks and isles. The twelve islands are now the property of New York State. Once they were private property, and Bath Island was disfigured by manufacturing establish- ments. Dangers and Incidents, — Many lives have been lost in the grasp of the Rapids. Usually this has been the result of careless boating in the river above. In not a few instances drunkenness has been the chief cause. With the safe bridges and walks well guarded by rail- ings now provided, the careful visitor need not fear. In 1838 a Mr. Chapin was repairing the main bridge and fell into the swift current. He was quickly borne toward the first small island below (now bearing his name). Being a good swimmer he reached the island, and Jack Robinson, the "hero of Niagara," rescued him by the daring feat of row- ing a light skiff across from Bath Island and returning again with Chapin. The brave act was witnessed by many people. One of the twelve islands was named for Mr. Robinson. In August, 1848, a man in a boat passed under the bridge, close to the shore. Vainly he called to some people gathered there, " Can I be saved ? " but in a few moments his boat upset and he was carried over the Falls. In the same year a man passing by saw two little children playing in a skifi fastened to the shore above the Falls. The boat became loosened, and the man succeeded in saving only one of the children ; the other was swept over the Falls. During the night of July 19, 1853, a man named Avery, while attempting to cross the river above, was drawn into the Rapids. He lodged on a log that had caught on a rock about 30 rods below the bridge He cried piteously for help all through the night, and by daylight a crowd had gath- ered on the banks of the river and on the bridge. Willing hands with strong ropes lowered no less' than three boats — one a life-boat sent from Buffalo — into the current to reach the man, but every boat was dashed to pieces or rendered useless. To inspire Avery with hope, the words ' ' We will save you " were painted in large letters upon a sign on shore. Food was lowered to him in tin cans, but he did not eat. A large raft with a strong cask at Niagara as It Is. 207 each corner was next launched, and this reached him safely. He mounted it, but as it was being drawn up it caught on a rock and could not be re- leased. Another boat was floated down to the raft, but the poor frenzied man, in attempting to get into it, lost his footing, and at last, after an eighteen- hour struggle for life, was swept into the Rapids, and with despairing hands thrown upward was quickly borne over the great Fall. Impressions of Visitors. "When I stood upon the bridge leading to Goat Island and saw a quarter of a mile of tumbling, rushing Rapids, and heard their everlasting roar, my emotions overpowered me — neither the American nor the Horseshoe Fall moved me as did these Rapids." — lilargaret Ftdlei- Ossoli, " I do not know that there is anything in nature more majestic than the view of the Rapids above the Falls." — Duke of Ar gyle. ' How wonderfully the waters come leaping along — like an angry sea !" — Hetu-y I7"n7ig ' The picturesque islands add much to the beauty and unrivaled scenery of the Falls. Equally attractive at all seasons, whether arrayed in summer verdure, autumnal tints, or bare of foliage in winter, they repose like fairy creatures amid the turmoil of the impetuous Rapids, isolated and appar- ently secure from human intrusion." — O. H. Marshall. " The water shoots under the bridge like an arrow, and strikes the abut- ments with successive shocks. How beautiful are the little isles above us! They are so quiet, and their cedars make them look like fairy vessels gliding securely among the Rapids. One might gaze all day, untired, at this strong river, dashing down toward us from ledge to ledge, as though it meant to carry everything before it." — G. IF. Cluiton. ' ' There is a violence and power in the foaming career of the Rapids which is seen in no phenomenon of the same class. Looking from the bridge to- ward Lake Erie, the leaping crests of the Rapids form the horizon, and it seems like a battle-charge of tempestuous waves, animated and infuriated, against the sky. The rocks, whose points show above the surface, seem tor- mented, and fling ofl the wild and hurried waters as if with the force of a giant's arm. It is almost impossible for the spectator to rid himself of the idea that they are conscious of the abyss to which they are hurrying, and struggle back in the very extremity of horror." — iV. P. Willis. "It is so rapid above this Descent, that it violently hurries down the wild Beasts while endeavoring to pass it to feed on the other side, they not being able to withstand the force of the Current, which inevitably casts them head long." — Father Hennepiti, hi ibjS 2o8 Niagara as It Is. " Grand as are the colossal Falls, the Rapids and the course of the river for a considerable distance above and below possess more interest and beauty." — IVilliajn Robinso7i. Goat Island. ('8. On the Spot. — (^.) From its location in the Upper Rapids, causing the river to divide and form two great cataracts, this island of 6t acres is an unequaled point of interest to Niagara visitors. The surface of the land at the cliff is 205 feet above the water in the gorge below the Falls — higher than any other sight-see- ing point so near to the chief object of interest. The loveli- ness of the sixteen small isles near Goat Island (see under 7 and 16), and the fact that the entire group, including it, have been left with the virgin forests almost untouched by the axe, render this spot very attractive. (/^) Three paths and roadways diverge from the entrance (see fig. 7, on page 203). The one to the right leads to the cliff ; the middle one across the island to the Three Sisters vicinity ; the left one to the Spring and the head of the island. There is also a forest path to the right leading to Biddle Stairs, Porter's Bluff and Terrapin Rocks. {c.~) Following the right-hand path the visitor will notice its winding course through a heavy forest near the edge of the high bank. Do not miss the fair glimpses to be had here and there, through the verdure, of The Twelve and the hurry- ing current. (d.) Drawing near to the cliff, a path and steps to the right lead to Luna Island (see fig. 7). Notice from the head of the stairs (this being Stedman's Bluff) the clear and commanding view of the American Fall, the Center Fall spanned by the small bridge (see page 214^, the small islands, and the Gorge extending far away. (^ Can we not be of some assistance to you in the build- ing up of your business } ,^ ^ ^ ^ Cbe Peter Paul Book Company §420 main Stmt Buffalo, R. y. DEPOSIT YOUR SAVINGS f- .. WITH THE .. Fidelity Trust _:i!iH^Quaranty Co. OF BUFFALO, N. Y. BANKING OFFICE IN ERIE COUNTY BANK BUILDING. AMONG THE REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD DO SO ARE THE FOLLOWING: INTEREST is added to yottr principal at the end of every CbfCC IU01tt1)$t thus compounding QuartCfly the income from yotir deposits. THE SAVINGS BANKS add interest every six months and on *^sums with- drawn during a regular quarter — ^except the last three days thereof — no interest is allowed. For example : Money deposited in a Savings Bank on June 5th and with- drawn on September 26th)^ would not be entitled to interest, although remaining in banfc^ undisturbed, for 113 days. You avoid such loss by placing your account with this Company. YOU MAY FREELY CHECK against your account without the inconven- ience of accompanying each check with your pass book. THE CAPITAL of The Fidelity Trust and Guaranty Co. is $500,000.00 and its stockholders are liable for an additional $500,000.00, thus placing between -ts depositors and any loss a barrier of ONE MILLION DOLLARS Exclusive of Company's surplus. 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