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LADIES 
 
 SOUTHEEN FLORIST 
 
 BT 
 
 MARY C. RIOISr, 
 
 " This is an art which does mend Nature.— change it rather : but the 
 art itself is Nature."— Shakspeare. 
 
 COLUMBIA, S. C: 
 
 PETER B. GLASS 
 
 1860. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, by 
 
 PETER B. GLASS, 
 
 in the year 1860, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the 
 
 United States for the District of South CaroHna, 
 
 3 1i.(rxf-<i 
 
 Printed by C. P. Pelham, Columbia, S. C. 
 
TO 
 MY FRIEND, 
 
 A. M. HOLBEOOK, Esq., 
 
 OP 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, 
 
 (to whom this volume owes its existence,) 
 
 THIS WORK 
 
 IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED 
 
 BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The Author of this volume, desiring a book on Flower 
 Gardening which might be adapted to the South, and, at the 
 same time, written in such a manner as to be intelligible to 
 one not a professio7ial Florist, was unable to find any work 
 answering either of these requisites. After procuring such 
 works on Flowers as were accessible, I commenced making 
 memorandums of such information as I found in these, by 
 observation, to be suited to our climate — making such modi- 
 fications, corrections and additions as my experience sug- 
 gested. These memorandums I enlarged by inquiries made 
 of practical flower-garden workmen, and by hints derived 
 solely from my own practice. 
 
 The works on Flowers to which I have referred, are those 
 of Buist, Breck and Watson. I also consulted the Patent 
 Office Reports, and other valuable Congressional publications. 
 By these means, my memorandums, intended solely for my 
 own use, assumed quite formidable dimensions. A friend, 
 happening to look over them, suggested that I should have 
 them published in book form, if for no other reason than 
 for ray own convenience. In following this suggestion, which 
 I have done after some hesitation, I am alone actuated by 
 
a desire to place in the hands of the Ladies of the South 
 such a work as I in vain sought, when I commenced the 
 culture of my Flower Garden. If I accomplish this, it is 
 all I desire. 
 
 I have intentionally avoided all technical or scientific 
 terms, using only those understood by every lady of educa- 
 tion. In some of my directions I have been very precise 
 and minute, in order that I might avoid that defect of all 
 works on Floriculture that I have ever seen, of giving di- 
 rections in such a manner as to be understood only by those 
 who needed no instruction on the subject. 
 
 I have omitted many plants, because they either required 
 no particular culture or were well known to every one; and 
 my aim was to make a small Hand-Book of Flowers. 
 
 M. C. R. 
 
 Winnshoro\ S. C, Feb. 22, 1860. 
 
%Ri}m %mi\txn Jflorist. 
 
 BOTANICAL OUTLINE. 
 
 Every lady wlio lias a flower garden slioiild 
 be snfl3.ciently well acquainted with botani- 
 cal terms, to express herself intelligibly 
 about the different plants and flowers she 
 cultivates. We give such distinctive terms 
 as may serve this purpose, furnishing a bo- 
 tanical vocabulary that one may properly 
 use in conversation without appearing pe- 
 dantic. 
 
 Plants are ivoody, as the rose, or herbaceous 
 as the pink. According to the size, woody 
 plants are trees or shrubs. "Woody plants 
 have solid stems, like the rose ; or hollow 
 stems, like the golden rod. Herbaceous 
 plants are bulbous rooted, like the hyacinth; 
 tuberous rooted, like the dahlia; or fibrous 
 rooted, like the pink. 
 
8 LADIES SOUTHERN FLORIST. 
 
 Witli regard to duration, those plants that 
 mature and die the first year, are termed 
 annuals; those which mature and die the 
 second year, are biennials ; while those which 
 live an indefinite number of years are termed 
 pe7'ennials. Thus the phlox is an annual — 
 the holly-hock is a biennial — and the rose is 
 a perennial. Trees and shrubs generally are 
 perennial. 
 
 Leaves are orbicular^ or round, like the 
 nasturtion ; reniform, or kidney-shaped, like 
 the grou.nd ivy ; cordate^ or heart-shaped, 
 like the heart-leaved aster ; oval, like some 
 of the azaleas ; elliptical, like the olive ; 
 lanceolate, like the ]3each ; linear, like the 
 gladiolus ; acerose, or needle-shaped, like 
 the pine ; palmate, or hand-shaped, like the 
 passion-flower; digitate, or finger-shaped, like 
 the parts of the peonia leaf ; and tubidar, 
 like the side-saddle flower. The margins 
 of leaves are regular; serrated, or notched 
 like a saw ; crenate, or scalloped ; ciliate, or 
 
ladies' southern florist 
 
 fringed like the eye-laslies ; lohed^ when 
 deeply indented; and prickled. Leaves are 
 also simple, like the olive, or compound, like 
 the peony or rose. 
 
 According to the duration of the leaves, 
 plants are termed caducous, that is, those 
 whose leaves fall before the end of summer ; 
 deciduous, or dropping the foliage in the 
 autumn ; and evergreen, whose leaves pre- 
 serve their greenness throughout the year. 
 Most evergreens change their leaves annually, 
 but the new foliage is always sufficiently 
 developed before the old ones fall, to pre- 
 serve the verdure. Those evergreens that 
 do not change their leaves annually, but 
 renew their foliage but once in two, three 
 or more years, are called persistent ever- 
 greens. 
 
 According to Botanists, all plants have 
 flowers; but, in common parlance, those 
 only are called flowering whose flowers 
 are conspicuous or ornamental. 
 
10 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 Tlie different parts of a flower are well 
 wortliy close examination. Let us examine 
 tlie divisions of tlie pink. The flower 
 leaves, upon wliicli the color of the pink 
 depends, are called petals ; all the petals 
 of a flower, taken together, form the co- 
 rolla. In the single pink, the corolla con- 
 sists of fiYQ petals — in the morning-glory 
 of only one petal. Those flowers which 
 have a single row of petals, botanists style 
 natural, while they contemn those which 
 have two or more rows of petals, as mon- 
 sters. We think that a better nomencla- 
 ture, would be that of natural and ?m- 
 proved. We would designate a single pink 
 as natural, and a double pink (the botan- 
 ist's monster) as an improved variety. 
 
 Within the petals are little thread-like 
 organs ; the two central ones are pistils. 
 The end of the pistil is called the stigma; 
 the part of the flower out of which 
 the pistils grow is called the germ ; the part 
 
ladies' southern florist. 11 
 
 of the pistil, between tlie germ and tlie 
 stigma, is the style. The germ, when 
 mature, has one or more cells, which con- 
 tain the seed. The ten thread-like organs 
 that surround the two pistils, are the 
 stamens. The little head to a stamen is 
 the anther; this bursts, when the pink 
 comes to maturity, and scatters a fine 
 light dust which it contains, called the 
 pollen. It is the pollen, falling upon the 
 stigma of a flower, that fructifies it, or 
 causes the production of fruit or seed. 
 The pollen of one flower, carried by the 
 wind or insects to the stigma of other 
 flowers, under favorable circumstances, pro- 
 duces mixed varieties, or hybrids. Botanists 
 style the stamens, the male organs, and 
 the pistils, the female organs of plants. 
 
 The number of pistils and stamens dif- 
 fer, and are variously combined and situa- 
 ted in diflerent flowers. Upon this depends 
 the Linnsean system of Botany, once con- 
 
12 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 sidered tlie best, but now superseded by 
 what is styled tbe I^atural system. As 
 words are arranged in a dictionary, accord- 
 ing to the letters wbicli tbey contain, with- 
 out regard to their meaning, so Linnseus 
 placed in the same class those plants whose 
 flowers had the same number of pistils and 
 stamens, without the least respect to their 
 other characteristics. Thus, according to 
 Linnseus, the pink and the hydrangea be- 
 long to the same order and class. Bota- 
 nists now classify plants according to their 
 physiological peculiarities and diversities of 
 external and internal structure. 
 
 The petals of a pink are bound together, 
 by a green envelope ; this is the calyx. 
 Some flowers, the lily for instance, have no 
 calyx. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 13 
 
 PREPARATION OF THE GARDEN 
 
 "Wlien it is within one's means, or time 
 allows of tlie delay, trenching is undoubtedly 
 the best of all preparations for a flower gar- 
 den. Tborougli trenching and manuring will 
 amply repay all labor and expense, by the 
 rapid and luxuriant growth of every thing. 
 But often this is not practicable, and in 
 such cases we recommend the process of 
 "garden-trenching" as a very good prepa- 
 ration of the soil for planting. This is 
 done as follows : Commence on one side of 
 the garden, two feet from the fence, and 
 dig a trench one spade deep, throwing the 
 earth on the side towards the fence. Then 
 manure the bottom of this trench and 
 spade up the bottom, turning it over and 
 breaking up the subsoil with the spade, 
 2 
 
14 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 mixing in tlie manure witli tlie subsoil. 
 This done, commence a second trench, 
 alongside the first, likewise digging one 
 s]3ade deep and throwing this earth over 
 into the first trench. Then manure the bot- 
 tom of the second trench, and spade it in 
 as in the first. Then begin another row, 
 and continue the process until your whole 
 garden ground is thus trenched. A very 
 important advantage in this plan of dig- 
 ging, is the preservation of the surface soil 
 on top, while at the same time the sub- 
 soil is loosened and enriched. After the 
 last trench is finished, have the earth,, which 
 was thrown next to the fence out of the 
 first trench, carried over to fill up the last 
 trench on the opposite side of the garden. 
 When it is known where wide walks are 
 to be, the manuring may be dispensed with 
 in such places, though the subsoiling must 
 be carried on throughout. Be careful to 
 eradicate every vestige of grass roots while 
 
ladies' southern florist. 15 
 
 tliiTS trencliing tlie garden. Having finished 
 trencliing, rake tlie surface even and lay out 
 tlie garden into walks and beds. Tliis 
 done, scatter over tke beds woods' eartli, 
 or sncli other manure as yon may wisli to 
 enrich the surface soil with. Allow the 
 ground to settle a week or ten days before 
 planting any thing. 
 
 Every one must suit their own taste as 
 to the plan or design of the flower garden, 
 as no rule can be laid down for this. The 
 main walk, from the dwelling to the front 
 entrance, should be the width of the steps 
 of the house ; and, in long walks, the width 
 should be increased in proportion to the 
 length. Beds should never be square or 
 triangular, but they should be oval, or cir- 
 cul^ir, or irregular in shape. Edgings to the 
 beds, to keep them in shape, can be made 
 of dwarf box, violets, lavender, pinks, and 
 lemon or vanilla grass. The beds should 
 only have a slight elevation above the 
 
16 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 walks, wliicli will soon be attained by tbe 
 depression of tlie walks, cansed by treading 
 upon tbem. 
 
 Ornamental hedges along the main walk, 
 or on tbe sides and rear of tbe garden, are 
 handsome and appropriate. But, unless you 
 wish to conceal your garden from view, 
 never plant a hedge in front. Hedges may 
 be grown of wild orange, privet, French 
 furze, euonymous, and tree box, of green or 
 variegated varieties. 
 
 If the situation is sloping and liable to 
 wash by rains, the garden should be laid out 
 in terraces. This is picturesque, and the 
 only mode by which such gardens can have 
 any permanency. The face of these terraces 
 may be made permanent and ornamental by 
 being sodded with vanilla or ribbon grass, 
 or both combined. 
 
 In furnishing plants for your garden, 
 let the opposite sides correspond without 
 being identical. For instance, a rose on 
 
ladies' southeen florist. 17 
 
 one side may correspond witli a rose on tlie 
 opposite side, of a different color. Matcli 
 an evergreen by an evergreen opposite, of 
 tlie same character, but of a different va- 
 riety; an English, laurel by a magnolia; a 
 deodar cypress by a funereal cypress, etc. 
 By such an arrangement, you will not, as 
 some thoughtlessly do, reduce your garden, 
 as far as variety goes, to one half its extent. 
 As a general rule, making an exception 
 only in favor of the most beautiful and 
 showy varieties, have only one of a kind, 
 which, if it dies or meets with an accident, 
 you can replace from the same source you 
 obtained that one. 
 
 It is better to procure plants, of all kinds, 
 from a nursery as near you as possible, as 
 they will be assimilated more to the lo- 
 cality you reside in. I^ever import plants 
 from a more northern clime, as the process 
 of acclimation is difficult and always hazard- 
 ous. 
 
18 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 HEDGES. 
 
 It is of tlie greatest importance to pre- 
 pare the ground tliorouglily for hedges, to 
 bring them sooner to maturitj^, and to make 
 them more durable. The ground should be 
 trenobed two or three feet deep, throwing 
 the subsoil on one side, and the surface soil 
 on the other. If the soil is poor, it is abso- 
 lutely important to manure well, mixing the 
 surface soil and the subsoil with the ma- 
 nure, layer by layer, until within a half foot 
 of the level of the ground. Then fill up 
 with surface soil, mixed with woods' earth. 
 Allow the trench to settle before planting, 
 and fill up again, if below the surrounding 
 surface. For the first two years the hedges 
 must be kept free from weeds. Trim them 
 close and neat, and clip, both on the sides 
 and top, once or twice a year. They should 
 be trimmed just before the new growth 
 starts. Always clip in a conical or ellipti- 
 cal form, as the thinning of the branches 
 
ladies' southern florist. 19 
 
 towards the top increases the development 
 of the plants at the bottom, in consequence 
 of the greater elaboration of sap in those 
 parts^ and the free admission of air, light 
 and rain. 
 
 •The Arbor-vitce is valuable for hedges, on 
 account of the beauty of its foliage and 
 compactness of its growth. Planted alter- 
 nately in two rows, from twenty to twenty- 
 four inches apart. In a few years the hedge 
 increases so much in thickness as to be- 
 come impenetrable. 
 
 The Launistinus, with its shining leaves 
 and showy white flowers, is very easily cul- 
 tivated, and makes a beautiful hedge. It is 
 difficult to keep this hedge in tolerable 
 shape, on account of the luxuriant shoots 
 which it sends out. It should be pruned 
 with a knife. Prune early in the spring, 
 cutting out those shoots that have already 
 flowered, cutting close to a leaf. But the 
 new shoots of the spring must not be short- 
 
20 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 ened in, because tlie flowers are produced 
 at tlie extremity of tlie new wood. 
 
 Of tlie loilcl orange, French furze, tree box, 
 eitoiiymous, etc., for hedges, we treat -par- 
 ticularly elsewhere. 
 
 The Cherokee, or the MacCartney roses, are 
 admirable for fences, planting the cuttings a 
 foot apart and six inches deep, leaving one 
 end out, pointing to the south. Press the 
 earth closely to them with the foot. If pro- 
 perly pruned they make beautiful and im- 
 penetrable hedges. The Cherokee requires 
 constant shortening in, or it will die out at 
 the bottom, and become unsightly, in which 
 respect it is much inferior to the single 
 white MacCartney rose. The last rose must 
 have rooted cuttings to prove entirely suc- 
 cessful. Both roses are of most rapid and 
 luxuriant growth. 
 
 The lilac makes a pretty hedge alternated 
 with the sweet brier, but they are not ever- 
 green. The sweet brier seed should be sown 
 
ladies' southern florist. 21 
 
 in tlie spring, having kept them in sand 
 tlirongli the winter. Let the plants grow as 
 they like for the first year. The second 
 year cut them down to the ground and they 
 will spring up and require no further care 
 than occasional trimming. When the stalks 
 become naked, cut the roses down to the 
 ground again. 
 
 TRANSPLANTINCt. 
 
 This should never be done when the earth 
 is so wet that it adheres to the spade, but 
 only when the soil is friable. Dry, cool 
 weather — cool, but not freezing — is the best 
 time. Transplanting may be done any time 
 from the middle of September to the middle 
 of February. The early spring is the most 
 favorable season for all shrubs, just before. 
 the new gro^vth starts. The shorter time 
 the plants are out of the ground, the surer 
 of success is the operation of transplanting. 
 If you are not prepared to plant immediate- 
 
22 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 ly, bury tlie plants, slanting to the sontb, in 
 tbe ground until you are ready. Cut oiF 
 witli a sharp knife any bruised roots, and 
 prune irregularly grown branches. Never 
 cut away the tops of any resinous ever- 
 green. Evergreens are best removed in 
 early spring. These are apt to suffer by 
 winter transfer. 
 
 Climbing shrubs should be cut down to 
 the ground in transplanting, that the growth 
 may be entirely new. The same plan is 
 good for the laurel, which is an exception 
 to its kind. Plants or shrubs from the 
 woods should be closely pruned, cutting 
 away from the head of the plant (except 
 in evergreens,) one-third to one-half its 
 height, carefully shortening and opening. 
 In taking up plants, care should be taken 
 to secure good roots and to bring away all 
 the fibres as perfect as you can. Deciduous 
 shrubs should not be transplanted after the 
 leaves begin to expand. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 23 
 
 The following process will be found ex- 
 cellent for transplanting. Dig a liole two 
 or three feet square, and eighteen inches or 
 two feet deep, according to size of plant. 
 After jnanuring the bottom with well-rotted 
 manure and earth mould, well incorporated 
 with a portion of the soil, place in the roots, 
 and fill in gradually with finely pulverized 
 earth, placing the transplant above the level 
 of the surrounding ground, to allow for set- 
 tling. Set the plant with the same side to 
 the south which it preserved in ifs former 
 location. This, in most plants, can easily be 
 recognised, as the leaves always present 
 their face to the south, while the back of 
 the leaf is towards the north. After filling 
 up the hole, raise a circular ridge around 
 the plant, so as to form a basin into the 
 stem. Then slowly pour on water, until the 
 ground will soak up no more without over- 
 running the ridge. Let the earth settle for 
 half an hour: then fill in and rake the sur- 
 
24 ladies' southeen floeist. 
 
 face even. Support tlie plant with a stake 
 until it is establislied. Shade and keep 
 moist until it rains, and then let the plant 
 take care of itself. 
 
 SEED-SOWING. 
 
 The soil on which flower seeds are to be 
 sown should he rich and light, and prepared 
 with great care, being finely pulverized and 
 then pressed with a board. Seed should be 
 sown from one-eighth to an inch ^ deep, ac- 
 cording to size. The smallest seed should 
 be scattered on the surface, and then fine soil 
 strewn or sifted evenly over, not covering 
 more than an eighth of an inch deep. Press 
 the top again with a board. Protect from 
 the sun by evergreen boughs, and water 
 freely until well up. 
 
 In sowing seed for the purpose of procur- 
 ing improved varieties, care should be had, 
 not only that the seed are taken from the 
 finest existing kinds, but also from the hand- 
 
ladies' southern florist. 25 
 
 somest, the largest and tlie most perfect 
 specimens, and these alone should supply 
 future seed. 
 
 Seed planted m the winter remain in a 
 torpid condition, and will come out as soon 
 as the warmth of spring is felt. The seeds 
 of most annuals, or such plants as liye but 
 one year, should be planted in the spring, 
 while many biennials require to be planted 
 in the autumn to be vigorous. 
 
 Flower seed to be sown in the Spring: — 
 China Asters, Poppy, Petunia, Portulacca, 
 Morning Glory, Coxcomb, Larkspur, Hearts- 
 ease, Holly-hock, Sweet "William, Phlox, 
 Mullen Pink, Indian Creeper (very late), 
 Bachelor's Button, Candy Tuft, Clarkia, 
 Ice Plant, Mignonette, Ambrosia, Tassel- 
 flower, Sensitive Plant, Anemone, Sweet 
 Pea, Amaranth, Feverfew, Fringed Gen- 
 tian, Iris, Pinks, Sun Flower (very late), 
 Marigold, Calliopsis, Ladies' Slipper, Gilly 
 Flower, Verbena. 
 
26 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 About ttie 23d of March is tlie best time 
 for solving all the above seed, except the 
 more hardy, which may be sown at the time 
 of the flowering of the peach. If the sea- 
 son be unfavorable and cold after the sow- 
 ing of the seed, the seed-beds should be 
 covered with boards to retard the vegeta- 
 tion until all danger is past. As soon as 
 the boards are removed the seed will come 
 up rapidly, and only require moisture to 
 thrive. 
 
 Flower seed to be sown in the Fall: — Cor- 
 eopsis, Canterbury Bells, Fox-glove, Mourn- 
 ing Bride, Snap-dragon, Candy Tuft, Four- 
 o' clocks, Double Eocket Larkspur, Colum- 
 bine, Gladiolus, Clematis, Periwinkle, Vio- 
 let, Forget-me-not, Love-in-a-mist. 
 
 Some of these flowers give stronger plants 
 by fall planting, though spring planting will 
 give earlier blooms. The middle of Octo- 
 ber is the time to sow all the above flower 
 seed. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 27 
 
 WATERING. 
 
 This operation, unless done veiy jncli- 
 cioiisly, is likely to effect more liarm tlian 
 good. The blooming of most plants is im- 
 proved by copious watering during their 
 season of flowering ; but this should only 
 be tried with the healthy and vigorous ones. 
 During times of drought, in hot weather, 
 many sickly plants are killed by injudicious 
 watering. For these, the best medicine is 
 shade. Shingles, boxes with the top off and 
 one end knocked out, or matting on stakes, 
 will answer for this purpose, using one or 
 the other, according to the size of the plant. 
 With shading, water properly applied is 
 beneficial in hot, dry seasons ; and without 
 shading, is positively injurious, unless the 
 application be very copious, so as to saturate 
 the ground to some distance from the plant, 
 and be repeated daily. In cool, dry weather, 
 watering is more apt to be beneficial. All 
 
28 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 plants liave tlie power of adapting tliem- 
 selves to tlie season, and it is a bad rnle to 
 water merely because tlie weather is dry. 
 Except in tbe case of recent transplants, and 
 cuttings lately established, as a general rule 
 never water. 
 
 "When necessity requires watering, observe 
 tlie following rules : 
 
 1st. In cold weather, water in the morn- 
 ing after sunrise, with cold water. 
 
 2d. In hot weather, use water that has 
 been standing in the sun all day, or made 
 warm by adding hot water, and apply after 
 sundown. 
 
 3d. In hot weather, unite shading with 
 watering. 
 
 4th. Use a watering pot with a finely 
 punctured rose, and holding it close to the 
 plant, shake it while watering, so that the 
 drops will fall scattering, as when raining. 
 By this method you avoid hardening the 
 
ladies' southern florist. 29 
 
 groimd, and more water is absorbed by the 
 soil immediately around the plant. 
 
 5th. Where shading is impracticable, and 
 the weather hot, dig a hole with a trowel 
 as near the stalk as the roots will allow and 
 pour water in this hole until it will absorb 
 no more, allowing none to touch the jjlant 
 itself. The next morning fill up this hole 
 with earth. 
 
 6th. "Where rule fourth is followed, unless 
 the surface around the plant is covered with 
 mulch, the next morning stir the ground 
 around the stalk. 
 
 These rules are in conflict with those 
 usually given, but trial will prove them cor- 
 rect. The non-observance of the second rule 
 has caused the loss of many a rare and 
 costly plant. 
 
 As germain to this subject, we would 
 state that we have found it an excellent rule, 
 not to dig or hoe the garden during a 
 drought; where weeds appear, remove them 
 
30 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 by hand. Digging np tlie ground, during 
 hot dry weather, causes it to lose whatever 
 of moisture there may be left. 
 
 ROSES. 
 
 The Rose has been very appropriately styled 
 the "Queen of Mowers." This rank it has 
 long, and will, perhaps, forever maintain. A 
 fine assortment of the best varieties of this 
 flower would alone make a handsome flower 
 garden. 
 
 The rose will succeed well in any soil, 
 but to have fine roses great care in cultiva- 
 tion is necessary. Our climate is most con- 
 genial to the rose, and with us it can be 
 brought to the greatest perfection. To South 
 Carolina the world is indebted for some of 
 the finest roses that grow. 
 
 The soil should be deeply dug and en- 
 riched with well-rotted manure. Poudrette 
 (night-soil deodorized with charcoal dust,) is 
 one of the best manures for the rose. "Well 
 
ladies' southern florist. 31 
 
 rotted hen-house manure, mixed with dirt 
 from the wood-pile, is a valuahle application. 
 Charcoal dust is an excellent surface dress- 
 ing; it imbibes and retains moisture, keeps 
 the plant healthy, and intensifies the color of 
 the red varieties. A dry sandy loam is the 
 best soil : wet or stiff clay soil is injurious ; 
 and where these drawbacks exist they should 
 be remedied by drainage, and the admix- 
 ture of sand and woods-earth and leached 
 ashes. 
 
 Eose bushes may be planted from late in 
 the fall to early in the spring, just before 
 the buds swell ; always selecting a dry and 
 cool day. All broken or bruised parts of 
 either the limbs or roots should be c^ut off 
 smoothly with a sharp knife. Every rose 
 should be supported by a suitable stake and 
 neatly tied to it. The climbers require frames. 
 Follow the directions elsewhere given for 
 Transplanting, observing that roses removed 
 in the spring should be pruned more closely 
 
32 ladies' southekn florist. 
 
 than tliose planted in tlie fall. For the first 
 year after planting the stalk should be sur- 
 rounded by ynidch, that is, coarse litter, straw, 
 moss, dead weeds or grass; this should be 
 kept in its place for awhile by small rocks. 
 
 The bushes should be examined daily, and 
 any catapillers or lady-bugs found upon 
 them killed. As to the rose-bug, patronize 
 toads for their destruction. The green rose 
 louse will not injure the plant, unless they 
 become very numerous, in which case they 
 can be killed by smoking with tobacco, cov- 
 ering the whole bush with a sheet at the 
 time. 
 
 Unless you desire to multiply the variety, 
 all suckers should be cut away as they make 
 their appearance. Those roses which send 
 up many suckers should be lifted every 
 three or four years, the roots thinned out, 
 and then replanted. As any limbs die or 
 turn yellow, promptly cut them away, cut- 
 ting down into the healthy wood. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 33 
 
 During the flowering season, tlie develop- 
 ment of tlie blooms is aided bj frequent 
 "watering. Liquid manure applied in tbe 
 evening, not upon the plant, nor in contact 
 witli it, but around tlie surface soil, from 
 tbe time tbe first bud commences to open 
 until tbe blooming season is over, greatly en- 
 hances the size and brilliancy of the flowers. 
 When the rose-buds are formed in large 
 numbers, and open slowly, they should be 
 freely thinned out, to increase the vigor of 
 those left. "When the rose blooms in clus- 
 ters, a superb single flower can be produced 
 by pinching off all the flower-buds save the 
 largest, at the time when the buds are dis- 
 tinctly develoijed. Eoses of Cloth of Gold of 
 double ordinary size can be thus produced. 
 As soon as the blooms wither, cut them 
 away, as the formation of the seed is a great 
 drain on the vigor of the plant, and- besides, 
 withered flowers mar the beauty of the bush. 
 
 Prunino^ of roses should be done in the 
 
34 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 fall or spring, cutting away old wood and 
 the feeble growth of the last year. The dif- 
 ferent varieties of roses require different 
 pruning : directions will be given under 
 appropriate heads. E'ever attempt to change 
 the character or habits of roses; adapt your 
 pruning to the particular kind of rose. 
 
 TEA ROSES. 
 
 These roses are so called from their fresh 
 tea fragrance, which most of them have. 
 They are generally of light, delicate colors. 
 The finest of this class are Triomphe of 
 Luxembourg, Devoniensis, La Pactole, La 
 Marque, Safrona, Aurora Tea, Eliza Sauvage, 
 Joan of Arc, Marshal Buguead, Smithii, 
 Caroline Tea, and the Noisettes. This sub- 
 division of the tea roses are hybrids, pro- 
 duced by a French Florist named IS'oisette, 
 who cultivated a nursery in Charleston about 
 fifty years since. When first produced they 
 caused great excitement among the Parisian 
 
ladies' southern florist. 35 
 
 florists, and for years Cloth of Gold plants 
 commanded the price oi five dollars all over 
 the IJnited States. The choicest of the IlToi- 
 settes are the Cloth of Gold, Solfatare, 
 Glorie de Dijon, Ophire, and Charles the 
 Tenth. The Isabella Grey is also classed 
 with the ]^oisettes, being a hybrid between 
 the Cloth of Gold and the Persian Yellow, 
 produced by Mr. Grey, of Charleston, about 
 ten years ago. This rose resembles Cloth 
 of Gold, but is of a deeper yellow, and when 
 first introduced the French Government sent 
 an agent to Charleston to buy up, at a pre- 
 mium, all the plants which could be obtained. 
 
 BOURBON ROSES. 
 
 This class of roses is admirably well suited 
 to our climate, luxuriating under the burn- 
 ing heat of a tropical sun. The originals of 
 this class were first produced on the Isle of 
 Bourbon; hence the name. They are almost 
 perpetually in bloom from April to ITovem- 
 
ber, and witli few exceptions are highly fra- 
 grant. These qualities, together with the 
 symmetrical form of the flowers, render this 
 class highly desirable for our gardens. These 
 roses require deep and rich soil to bloom 
 freely. They succeed well, either on their 
 own roots _ or budded. The finest of the 
 Bourbons are: Souvenir de Malmaison, Mad- 
 ame Desprez, George lY., Mrs. Bosanquet, 
 Marshal Yillars, Queen of the Bourbons, 
 Paul Joseph, Leveson Gower. 
 
 HYBRID PERPETUALS. 
 
 This is a comparatively new class of roses, 
 and bloom twice a year, in the spring and 
 fall. These roses are very difi^icult to estab- 
 lish, and so long a time being required be- 
 fore the layers can be disengaged from the 
 old plants, (being tivo years,) that budding is 
 generally resorted to for propagating them. 
 This is the reason why these roses are always 
 bought from the nursery-man on budded 
 
ladies' southern florist. 37 
 
 stocks. They neither succeed so well, nor 
 do justice to themselves in regard to bloom- 
 ing, on their own roots. On budded stocks 
 they produce the finest flowers. Of the hybrid 
 perpetuals the select ones are: Madame Laf- 
 fay, Baronne Pre™t, Duchess de :N'emours, 
 La Reine, Crimson Perpetual, Duchess of 
 Sutherland, Emperor ]^apoleon. Marshal Eag- 
 lan. Lion of Combats, Baronne Halez, Giant 
 of Battles, Prince Albert, Glorie of Lyons. 
 Hybrid perpetuals should be seyerely pruned 
 in the simng, if a fine autumn display is de- 
 sired. To have early spring flowers, prune 
 very sparingly in the fall. 
 
 CHINA ROSES. 
 
 These are perpetual bloomers, and thrive 
 admirably in our climate, being too tender 
 for a more northern latitude. They require 
 a dry, loamy soil. In trimming these, never 
 shorten m— only thin out the shoots. They 
 flower best on the young wood. This ap- 
 4 
 
38 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 plies also to tlie Tea and Bourbon varieties. 
 Of the China roses the choicest are : Madame 
 Bosanquet, Grandiflora, Louis Philippe, Cin- 
 namon, Damask, China Triumphans, Agri- 
 pina, and Madame Desprez. 
 
 MOSS RO|p:s. 
 
 These are extremely lovely in the bud, 
 and the red and blush are beautiful when 
 full blown. They are rather difficult to 
 transplant, and must not be pruned at all, 
 except to cut away dead wood. The only 
 method of propagating the moss rose is by 
 suckers or layers. The white roses of this 
 class are not desirable. 
 
 MUSK ROSES. 
 
 The leaves of the musk rose are delight- 
 ful perfume for clothing. For this purpose 
 the flower leaves should be gathered early 
 in the morning. 
 
BRIER ROSES. 
 
 Of tliese the sioeet brier should find a place 
 in every garden, for its exquisite fragrance. 
 The Harrison is a fine yellow variety, of 
 luxuriant growth. It is excellent for an 
 arbor or fence rose, but too rampant for a 
 bush, though we have seen the long branches 
 gracefully festooned over the main bush. 
 The suckers are troublesome, and this rose 
 can be abundantly multiplied from them. 
 Prune only the old wood of this rose, and 
 that sparingly. The new growth should not 
 be touched, as it bears the flowers. The 
 Persian yellow is a still finer variety of the 
 same — deeper in color, and a very desirable 
 rose. This rose is decidedly improved by 
 budding on a China rose stock, doing better 
 than on its own standard. Fortune''s yelloio 
 is a showy rose, of a rich salmon color, a 
 single flower, but gay and ornamental. It 
 can be propagated by cuttings ; but it is of 
 
40 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 slow growtli until fully established, when it 
 becomes very luxuriant. This rose should 
 never be shortened in, and requires only 
 little pruning. 
 
 CLIMBING ROSES. 
 
 These are not a distinct class, but belong 
 to the preceding ones, being those which 
 have climbing habits. They thrive best on 
 deep, rich soil. The hole for climbers 
 should be dug two feet square, and enriched 
 to the depth of two feet, in order to sustain 
 their luxuriant growth. In the fall they 
 should have a top dressing of manure and 
 woods' earth, which should be dug in very 
 early in the spring. 
 
 The pruning of climbers requires more 
 judgment than that of other roses. The two 
 years' old wood does not produce fine 
 flowers ; hence, the new growth must be en- 
 couraged and the old wood cut away, pre- 
 serving, however, the main stem the whole 
 
ladies' southern florist. 41 
 
 length. Prune the lateral brandies, in the 
 fall, to one or two buds ; this will make 
 finer flowers. 
 
 The best of the climbers are: The La 
 Marque, the Banksias (which are evergreen), 
 Cloth of Gold, Baronne Prevost, Glorie de 
 Dijon, Cora L. Barton, the Prairie Queen, 
 Multiflora, and the Greville rose. All of 
 these are suitable for frames, porches and 
 arbors. 
 
 ROSE CUTTINGS. 
 
 Rose cuttings may be planted at any time, 
 when the buds are plump, if care be taken 
 to water and shade when the weather is hot. 
 From the middle of December to the mid- 
 dle of February is, however, the best time. 
 The choice cuttings are those which form 
 the extreme of the stems, and have a leaf 
 bud on the end. From these, of course, 
 nothing must be cut ofl" the upper end. If 
 there are any leaves on the cutting, trim 
 
42 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 tliem off at once, leaving tlie wliole of the 
 leaf-stem. The cuttings should be from 
 four to six inches long, according to the 
 diameter of the cutting. Cut off with a 
 very sharp knife, very near and below the 
 lower bud, commencing on the side oppo- 
 site that bud, and slanting downwards. 
 Cut the top off, half way between the top 
 bud and the next one above it. 
 
 In choosing a situation for the cutting 
 plantation, select the north side of a house, 
 fence or piazza. Make the soil, as far as 
 the cuttings reach, pure sand — the purer and 
 cleaner the better. Thrust a garden trowel 
 down slanting, so that the cutting will lean 
 towards the south ; draw out the trowel, 
 and insert the cutting so that the bud next 
 to the top bud will be just under the sur- 
 face, turning the upper part of the top bud 
 to the north. Holding the cutting with the 
 left hand, thrust in the trowel on the north 
 of the cutting and prize it, while in the 
 
ladies' southern florist. 43 
 
 ground, against tlie cutting — tins will pack 
 tlie sand tightly against the cutting. Then 
 draw out the trowel, and fill up the hole it 
 leaves. 
 
 Plant the rows of cuttings from east to 
 west, six inches apart; and where you plant 
 more than one row, plant each succeeding 
 row on the north of the one already planted. 
 
 After planting, if you can ohtain charcoal 
 dust, scatter enough over the surface to fill 
 up the unevenness made by planting. Or, 
 if this is not to be procured, make the 
 ground even with the hand, and cover the 
 surface over with pine or other short straw, 
 being careful to leave the ends of the cut- 
 tings uncovered. This done, water freely at 
 once, unless the weather is freezing at night, 
 in which case water sparingly next morning, 
 when the sun softens the ground. 
 
 Keep the ground slightly moist until a 
 rain ; after which, never water unless the 
 weather is very dry. Mark the names of 
 
44 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 the roses in each row by a stick with a label, 
 lest yon. forget the names of yonr cnttings. 
 If these directions for planting be strictly 
 followed, the failnre of a single cntting will 
 be accidental. 
 
 After the cnttino^s bes^in to otow, select 
 the shoot of most upright growth, and with 
 a sharp knife cut oif all other shoots as they 
 make their appearance. If the bud which 
 is just beneath the surface sends up a shoot, 
 let this be the one selected, as it will make 
 a well formed bush. As any floicer-huds 
 make their appearance, pinch them oif, as 
 they retard the wood growth. Keep the 
 beds clear of weeds and grass, which must 
 be done by the hand. 
 
 When the bushes are one year old, trans- 
 plant where designed to stand, being careful 
 to place the side which has had most expo- 
 sure to the sun towards the south. After 
 the hole which is to receive the rose 
 bush is dug, and the roots are put in their 
 
ladies' southern florist. 45 
 
 position, run down a small rod, not inter- 
 fering witli any of the roots, to wliicli tie 
 tlie stem. Then fill in with finely pulver- 
 ized earth, and follow directions elsewhere 
 given for Transplanting. 
 
 BUDDING ROSES. 
 
 Budding may be done at any time when 
 plump buds can be procured, and the bark 
 easily slips from the stock on which you are 
 to bud. The best season for budding is 
 from June to August, and should be done 
 late in the afternoon. 
 
 As soon as you cut the stem on which are 
 the buds you will use, at once trim off all 
 of the leaves, leaving the whole of the leaf- 
 stem ; otherwise the leaves will be pumping 
 out the moisture from the cutting as long 
 as they are left on it. Cut the bud from 
 the stem with a sharp knife, commencing 
 about a third of an inch above the bud, 
 passing nearly half through the stem, and 
 
46 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 coming out one-half an incli below tlie bud. 
 Then take out the wood, by commencing 
 at the lower part and bending it out gradu- 
 ally upwards, supporting the wood with the 
 thumb-nail, so that the eye of the bud will 
 not be torn out. As soon as this is done, 
 put the bud in your mouth, to keep it moist. 
 Isow make a horizontal incision half way 
 around the stalk of the stock, through the 
 bark to the wood. From the middle of this 
 incision make a perpendicular cut down, 
 three quarters of an inch in length. With 
 the back of the blade, gently separate the 
 bark from the wood on the two sides of the 
 perpendicular incision. Take the bud out 
 of your mouth and insert it into the incis- 
 ion, between the bark and wood, and force 
 it down as far as it will go. Then cut off 
 the bark above the bud, exactly over the 
 horizontal cut made in the stock. This will 
 make the bark above the bud exactly fit 
 the bark above the horizontal incision on 
 
ladies' southern florist. 47 
 
 tlie stock. AYitli coarse woollen yarn bind 
 around the stalk, commencing at tlie lowest 
 extremity of the perpendicular cut and pro- 
 ceeding upwards, also wrapping above the 
 bud. Tie the yarn .in a bow-knot, that it 
 may be loosened when necessary. 
 
 After the inserted bud has grown about 
 half an inch, unwrap the thread, and re- 
 wrap it more loosely and wider apart than 
 before. As soon as the bud commences to 
 swell, cut off the stock an inch above the 
 bud. 
 
 For stock roses select the Dog or Dutch- 
 man rose, or vigorous young shoots of the 
 Mycrophiila. • Bud low down on the stock 
 (except where rose trees are desired), within 
 two or three inches of the ground, and put 
 the bud in on the north side of the stock. 
 All thorns on the bark of the stock, near 
 where the incision is to be made, should be 
 broken out with the back of the knife be- 
 fore commencing to bud. 
 
48 ladies' southern florist, 
 
 When the bud has attained, a growth of 
 four or jB.ve inches, place a rod on the south 
 side of the stock, close against it, and bind 
 the shoot to the rod with a strip of cloth, 
 occasionally tightening the strip ; and, as 
 the shoot grows, put on additional strips. 
 By these means you will secure an upright 
 growth, a handsome tree, and prevent the 
 new shoot from being broken out by the 
 wind. After the shoot has attained the 
 height of five or six inches, cut the portion 
 of the stock which has been allowed to re- 
 main above the bud, close off to the bud, 
 slanting the cut upwards, from the south 
 side. This cut will bark over during the 
 summer, and the stock and bud have the 
 appearance of a uniform growth. 
 
 CUTTINGS. 
 
 All other cuttings may be propagated ac- 
 cording to the method given for rose cut- 
 tings, except in resinous evergreens, or 
 
ladies' southern florist. 49 
 
 those wliicli have rough leaves, like the ce- 
 dar. The cuttings of these should be taken 
 from the ends only, preserving the tip end, 
 cutting off the laterals with a sharp knife. 
 The cutting thus prepared should be planted 
 three-fourths of its length below the surface, 
 and placed perpendicularly, instead of slant- 
 ing, in the ground. 
 
 Cuttings of evergreens and shrubs should 
 be planted early in the spring, when the 
 leaf-buds are well developed, just before 
 bursting. 
 
 HYACINTH; 
 
 In October prepare the ground for these 
 bulbs, by digging two feet deep, thoroughly 
 mixing with the soil, as it is returned, equal 
 parts of earth mould and well rotted ma- 
 nure and clean sand. A small quantity of 
 p)oudrette, put in deep, is beneficial. Pulver- 
 ize and mix in the earth thoroughly with 
 the manure. Then cover four inches thick 
 5 
 
50 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 witli sand, that tlie manure may not toucli 
 the, bulbs. 
 
 Plant the bulbs of the hyacinths a month 
 after preparing. It is better to plant them 
 in ^N'ovember, because they are weakened, 
 like all other bulbs, by being kept out 
 of the ground too long; and the bloom- 
 ing is stronger when planted in the fall. 
 "When planted in the spring, or in January, 
 they are forced before they are matured, 
 and do not bloom well. 
 
 Plant the bulbs three inches deep in the 
 sand. The colors are believed to mix by 
 planting the diiferent colors together ; there- 
 fore one should sacrifice beauty of display 
 for the permanent beauty of the colors, by 
 planting the different colors in separate 
 groups. 
 
 The bulbs should be set eight inches apart. 
 If the soil is too light, bulbs will be injured 
 by the heat. If too clayey, they will grow 
 feebly and seldom bear handsome flowers. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 51 
 
 Four months after blooming, the foliage dies 
 or turns yellow, when (the spot having been 
 previously marked by sticks with labels) the 
 bulbs should be lifted and separated. The 
 small offsets should be replanted at once, to 
 grow for next year, which is better for them 
 than drying. Lift the bulbs when the ground 
 is dry. 
 
 Keep all the colors distinct, and carefully 
 wrap each in a bit of newspaper, and bun- 
 dle all in paper and mark them. Then put 
 away in a room where a fire is never built. 
 We have pursued the newspaper plan of 
 preserving hyacinths for years, and never 
 lost one. 
 
 The double varieties are considered finest, 
 but the single kinds often make up in the 
 increased number of bells. "While blooming, 
 the surface soil around the hyacinths should 
 be kept friable with a light hoe. 
 
 Bed hyacinths range from deep crimson 
 to the most delicate shade of pink. 
 
52 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 Blue hyacinths run through several shades, 
 from a purple to the most delicate tint of 
 blue. 
 
 Yelloio have but three shades — straw, cream 
 and saffron. 
 
 White hyacinths are distinguished by red, 
 blue, purple, and yellow and green eyes, 
 and sometimes by green stripes. 
 
 Feathered hyacinths are much more hardy, 
 and require less culture, than the garden 
 hyacinth. They can be easily cultivated on 
 any light, loamy soil, without extra atten- 
 tion. They have a musky perfume, and 
 should be cultivated in masses. 
 
 Prepare hyacinth beds a little rounded, in 
 order to shed off water ; too much moisture 
 will rot the bulbs. Never allow seed ves- 
 sels to form (unless you wish to experiment 
 on new varieties), as they weaken the root 
 and injure the succession of bloom. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 53 
 
 TULIPS. 
 
 These bulbs tbrive best in moderately poor 
 soil, and thej will do very well on any or- 
 dinary sandy soil, without extra preparation. 
 However, some pains-taking will be rewarded 
 by an improvement. The soil may be spaded 
 twenty inches deep, and, being thoroughly 
 pulverized, mix at the bottom sl very little 
 well-rotted manure — about one-eighth of the 
 whole soil. A top dressing of four inches 
 of pure sand having been given, the bulbs 
 must be planted three inches deep, in dry 
 weather. 
 
 The proper time for planting tulip bulbs 
 is in October, or ISTovember, at latest. If kept 
 out of the ground, they, of all other bulbs, 
 are weakened, and do not bloom so finely. 
 In lifting the bulbs, the flowering or old 
 roots should be wrapped in paper, labelled 
 and put away in a dry, cool place, until it is 
 time to plant out again. 
 
 The offsets, or small bulbs, should be 
 
54 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 planted out again, to grow and strengthen 
 until fall, when they can be removed to the 
 tulip-bed. In the tulip the new bulbs form 
 under the old ones, and these, if permitted 
 to remain several years in the ground without 
 lifting and separating, become so weakened 
 that they will not flower at all. Therefore, 
 tulip bulbs should be taken up at least every 
 two years, and the finer kinds every year. 
 Set the bulbs out in groups of four or five of 
 each sort, and the effect will be much finer. 
 The larger bulbs should be planted a little 
 deeper than the smaller ones. 
 
 Tulips are liable to a change in color, which 
 is called running^ by which the beauty of the 
 tint is lost in a muddy color. This is pre- 
 vented, and the original color preserved, by 
 taking up the bulbs as soon as the foliage 
 dies, and drying and setting out again in 
 the fall. Do not allow any seed vessels to 
 form, as they exhaust the root and spoil the 
 succession of blooms. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 55 
 
 The double tulips are coarse, formless, and 
 generally thick-colored. With two or three 
 exceptions, they are hardly worth cultivating. 
 The graceful form of the natural flower is its 
 great beauty. The double rose scented, the 
 golden centred crimson, and the bright red 
 striped, are very beautiful. 
 
 PEONIAS. 
 
 Dig fifteen inches deep in a rich, light 
 garden soil, and manure well in the bottom, 
 finely pulverizing and mixing the soil. A 
 northern and a sheltered situation is best for 
 this plant. Transplant in October, and set 
 the crown of the root three inches below the 
 surface. They do not flower well when trans- 
 planted in the spring, when the fibres are 
 pushing forward. A top dressing of coarse 
 stable manure in the fall will make them 
 flower more handsomely in the spring. Chop 
 it in carefully very early in the spring, not 
 
56 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 injuring the crown of the plant. Under high 
 cultivation, there are often produced, on one 
 plant, from fifty to a hundred magnificent 
 flowers. 
 
 The peonia is propagated by division of 
 the root, and sometimes by suckers. By lay- 
 ers, also, they may be propagated, by bend- 
 ing down the shoots in the spring and con- 
 fining them with pegs. These shoots are 
 very brittle, and they should be fastened 
 with great care. The peonia is in bloom three 
 months of the year, and therefore very desira- 
 ble in the flower garden. 
 
 Two years in the same situation is as long 
 as peonias should be allowed to stand. Lift 
 the roots, divide and reset them in new soil 
 in the fall. 
 
 TUBEROSES. 
 
 These exquisite plants require yerj rich 
 loam. Only strongly grown roots will flower; 
 consequently, the careful preparation of the 
 
ladies' southern florist. 57 
 
 soil is important. Spade tlie ground two feet 
 deep and enricli with well-rotted manure, leaf 
 mould and iwudrette. Prepare the ground a 
 month before needed, in the spring. On a 
 dry day, in the latter part of February, plant 
 the bulbs two inches deep in the ground, 
 pressing the earth to them. Plant the offsets 
 separately, to produce flowering roots for the 
 next year, as the bulbs seldom produce flow- 
 ers the second time. 
 
 As soon as their foliage dies the bulbs 
 should be lifted, and, being divested of the 
 dead foliage and fibres, put away in news- 
 paper or dry sand. Plant again in the 
 spring. They are very tender, and liable 
 to be killed if planted too early. There are 
 single and double varieties, of the most de- 
 licious perfume. The flowers are borne on 
 a stalk from three to fiYQ feet high, which 
 requires the support of a stake. 
 
58 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 WHITELILY. 
 
 This lovely plant grows in clusters, adorn- 
 ing witli its drooping head the garden walk, 
 and charming with its sweet perfume. The 
 best time to transplant it is just after it is 
 through its flowering season, in the late 
 spring. It does not do well if removed early 
 in the spring, after the vegetation has started. 
 It is not beneficial to the lily to remove often. 
 Lilies should be cultivated in groups of from 
 three to eight. A top dressing of coarse 
 stable manure, in the fall, will make the lily 
 bloom stronger in the spring. AYork in the 
 manure in the early spring. 
 
 Herbaceous plants, such as lilies, pinks, 
 peonias, etc., should not be allowed to grow 
 into too large stools. They should be lifted, 
 and fresh soil given, every two or three 
 years. Set the roots a little deeper than be- 
 fore, as the tendency of such plants is to 
 grow out of the soil, when allowed to stand 
 long in one place. In two weeks they will 
 
ladies' southern florist. 59 
 
 root again, and should be occasionally wa- 
 tered, if tlie weather is dry. 
 
 The tiger lily is very rich and showy, and 
 produces its bulbs in the axil of the leaves, 
 from which new plants can easily be pro- 
 duced. Sow them as soon as ripe. 
 
 DAFFODILS, JONQUILS, IRIS, CROCUS, 
 SNOAVDROP. 
 
 All of these bulbs should be transplanted 
 in the fall, while they are dormant. The 
 bulbs should be planted two and a-half inches 
 deep, in light rich soil, though they will grow 
 in any soil not too stiff. 
 
 All bulbs delight in sandy soil. Separate 
 the roots every three or four years, leaving 
 them in the ground during the winter. Cul- 
 tivate all of these plants in clusters, for effect. 
 A handsome arrangement of them can be 
 made in waves, circles, and various figures, 
 by close and uniform planting. 
 
60 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 GLADIOLUS. 
 
 This is the wild corn-flag of Italy. This 
 bulb requires deep preparation of the soil, 
 being of a vigorous growth. Rich sandy soil 
 is most suitable for its cultivation. 
 
 The bulbs are like the crocus, and, like it, 
 the new bulbs grow above the old ones, and, 
 being too near the surface, are very easily 
 killed by the cold ; therefore, they should be 
 taken up and separated every two years, to 
 prevent this. 
 
 ■ Plant the seed in the spring, and transplant 
 in the fall. The bulbs must be planted a few 
 weeks earlier than the tuberoses, and require 
 high culture to flower handsomely. Dig up 
 the roots when the foliage dies, and keep 
 them cool and dry until the next spring. 
 
 HOLLYHOCK. 
 
 Some gardeners prefer the double Chi- 
 nese hollyhock to the prim and more stately 
 
ladies' southern FLOmST. 61 
 
 dahlia. Cultivated from the seed, this flower 
 will bloom in two years. It dies out the 
 third year, if the roots are not divided. Sow 
 the seed late in the spring, and transplant 
 from the seed bed. It is a coarse, strong, 
 growing plant, requiring rich soil; but the 
 flowers are very showy, and the plant easily 
 cultivated. 
 
 Transplant the seedlings late in the sum- 
 mer. The next year, when it blooms, de- 
 stroy all plants bearing inferior flowers. Se- 
 lect the finest, and propagate by dividing 
 the roots every year, just after flowering"^ 
 cutting off- all young shoots. Cultivate in 
 groups. Finer varieties of hollyhock are 
 sometimes increased by cuttings made from 
 the eyes of the flower stems. 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
 
 These bloom in October; hence their com- 
 mon name of ''October pinks." It is highly 
 improved in blooming by reducing the num- 
 
62 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 ber of flower buds on eacli shoot to one or 
 two* In May or June the plants should be 
 properly trimmed and bushed, but not later 
 than this. Tie up the bushes to stakes, where 
 not upright and independent, in the month 
 of September. This will preserve the flow- 
 ers from being ruined by wind and rain. 
 
 The different colors should be kept dis- 
 tinct, or all will eventually change and run 
 into one muddy hue. The colors and forms 
 are various, from the large double to the tiny 
 button size, of the most exquisite form and 
 tint. 
 
 They are easily propagated by division of 
 roots in early spring. Finer blooming plants, 
 however, can be reared from cuttings than 
 by division. Cuttings must be made just 
 after the blooming season is over. 
 
 The situation of chrysanthemums should 
 be changed every three years, or the earth 
 around them entirely renewed by fresh soil. 
 Pig manure is excellent for the chrysanthe- 
 
ladies' southern florist. 63 
 
 mum, as also hen manure, applied very early 
 in the spring. 
 
 SPIR^A. 
 
 The various white spiraeas are easily culti- 
 vated in any garden soil, but strong, rich, 
 moist soil is most suitable for their perfection. 
 Stiffness in the soil is necessary to them. 
 
 Propagate by suckers, division of roots 
 and layers. 
 
 The Douglass spirsea is not at all like the 
 class, , and has a dirty pink grass-like bloom. 
 It is not worthy a place in any garden, and 
 is exceedingly troublesome with suckers. 
 
 LAGERSTREMIA, OR CRAPE MYRTLE. 
 
 This may be readily grown by cuttings or 
 suckers. I^o particular pains is necessary in 
 the culture. It is improved by close winter 
 pruning, and should be pruned only in the 
 winter. Cut away the wood of last year to 
 within two or three eyes of the -wood of the 
 
64 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 preceding year. By this plan you will se- 
 cure tlie finest and largest spikes of flowers. 
 
 SYRINGA, OR MOCK ORANGE. 
 
 Tlie flower buds are very beautiful, resem- 
 bling the orange blossoms. It will thrive 
 in any garden soil, and can easily be in- 
 creased from suckers. 
 
 Thin but the old wood in the winter, and 
 cut out the weaker of the new shoots. 
 
 FLOWERING ALMOND. 
 
 Early in bloom, and one of the few early 
 bloomers in pink color. It is very hardy, 
 and can be abundantly multiplied by suck- 
 ers. Prune into shape in the fall, and keep 
 down the suckers during the summer. It 
 should be more cultivated. 
 
 AZALEAS. 
 
 This genus of highly ornamental shrubs 
 are, many of them, indigenous with us, 
 
LADfES' SOUTHERN FLORIST. 65 
 
 being known as tlie wild lioneysuckle. 
 The colors vary from white to a deep 
 red, which last is rare. The azalea is a 
 flower of great elegance, and not difficult 
 of culture in this its native clime, if 
 some attention be paid to give it a good 
 situation and suitable soil. Azaleas require 
 moist, black, sandy loam, and a shady 
 situation. If the wild azaleas are pro- 
 cured from the woods, they should be cut 
 down to the ground, and they will send 
 up numerous shoots and form fine healthy 
 plants. E'o animal manure should ever be 
 applied to an azalea. During the heat 
 of the first summer, after planting, they 
 should be shaded by pine boughs placed 
 upon the south side. 
 
 Azaleas may be freely raised from seed, 
 or from layers and suckers. They require 
 water while blooming, to have them in 
 perfection. Rocks laid about them will 
 
66 ladies' southern elorist. 
 
 conduce to retaining the moisture of the 
 soil. 
 
 The Chinese and Indian varieties re- 
 quire protection during very cold weather. 
 Boughs or coarse litter will answer this 
 purpose. 
 
 RANUNCULUS. 
 
 This splendid plant requires the soil to 
 he trenched eighteen or twenty inches, 
 and enriched with earth mould, a little 
 well-rotted cow manure, and an admixture 
 of clay and sand throughout. The root 
 of the ranunculus is a cluster of small 
 tubers, like claws, united in the crown, 
 which should be planted an inch and a 
 half under ground — deeper planting is in- 
 jurious. After the plant appears, it should 
 be kept weeded, and the soil pressed 
 firmly around them after they get two 
 inches high. They require watering dur- 
 
ladies' southern florist. 67 
 
 ing drought. The best situation for the 
 ranunculus is a cool and moist one. 
 
 Care should be taken to secure sound 
 and plump roots. As soon as the foliage 
 dies the roots should be lifted and tho- 
 roughly dried, and put away in a cool 
 and dry place. 
 
 GERANIUMS. 
 
 These can be cultivated in the open air 
 in our Southern gardens. Plant cuttings 
 under glass early in April. In a month 
 or six weeks these will be rooted, when 
 the pot should be emptied, keeping the 
 earth entire, and the plant placed in a 
 rather shaded situation. These cuttings 
 will grow vigorously, and bloom through 
 the summer, if moved carefully. In the 
 fall, cut them down to the ground. Raise 
 over the root, before frost, a small mound 
 of coarse litter, which remove in the fol- 
 lowing spring when there is no longer 
 
68 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 danger of frost, and they will flonrisli 
 again. 
 
 Eartli mould is most suitable to enrich 
 
 the soil for geraniums. The best variety 
 
 foi* out-doors is the rose geranium, though 
 many others are quite vigorous. 
 
 The heliotrope, so sweet and lovely, 
 
 can also be grown out of doors in the 
 same manner. 
 
 LAVENDER. 
 
 Although this is a common herb, it is 
 not unworthy a place in a corner of the 
 flower garden. It is a dwarf shrub, with 
 delicate, glaucous foliage, and bears spikes 
 of blue flowers, in June. The whole 
 plant is delightfully fragrant, but particu- 
 larly the flowers. These, gathered before 
 the dew is exhaled, can be made up in 
 neat and tasteful bunches, which delight- 
 fully perfume drawers and clothing. Lav- 
 
ladies' southern florist. 69 
 
 encler is easily propagated by cuttings or 
 slips. 
 
 COLUMBINE. 
 
 Tliis is finest when planted in masses. 
 This elegant vernal flower is much improved 
 by cultivation. The columbine can be pro- 
 pagated from seed, or the choice varieties 
 by division of the roots. The root should 
 be divided soon after flowering, and not in 
 the spring. It will grow in any garden 
 soil. 
 
 EVERLASTING PEA. 
 
 This plant is a most beautiful, large, light 
 purple or pink flowering climbing perennial. 
 It grows six feet high. 
 
 The pea may be propagated by dividing 
 the roots, but sowing seed is the most usual 
 mode. The seed should be planted where 
 the plant is to stand, as it sends down a 
 tap-root to a great depth. Young plants 
 
70 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 will flower tlie second year feebly, but tlie 
 third or fourtb year tbey produce a profu- 
 sion of foliage and flowers. 
 
 SNOWBERRY, 
 
 Or, wax-berry, as it is often called. This 
 plant is inconspicuous in flower, but is cul- 
 tivated for its fine white berries, which 
 grow in clusters. Propagate by suckers. 
 It does best in a shady situation. 
 
 FOUR O'CLOCKS 
 
 Are interesting as well as ornamental 
 flowers. Their roots are tuberous, like the 
 dahlia, and can be multiplied and preserved 
 by these tubers. They can, also, be raised 
 from seed. 
 
 NANKIN PERILLA, 
 
 A singular herbaceous plant, growing tAvo 
 or three feet high, with branching stems 
 well covered with ample foliage of a very 
 
ladies' southern florist. 71 
 
 dark purple hue. The flowers are small 
 and numerous, but producing little effect. 
 The strange color of the foliage is the prin- 
 cipal ornamental merit, and contrasts finely 
 with other plants. It is not abundantly 
 self sowing, therefore the seed should be 
 gathered, and sown in April. It is hand- 
 some, planted in masses, when its sombre 
 hue contrasts agreeably with the brighter 
 tints of other flowers. 
 
 ICE PLANT. 
 
 This is a singular, tender annual plant, 
 with thick fleshy leaves, which . have the 
 appearance of being covered with very heavy 
 dew. The young seedlings, if transplanted, 
 should be planted in the same kind of soil 
 in which the seed were sown. They can be 
 turned into the open ground in May. 
 
72 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 CHILI JASMINE. 
 
 This beautiful climber is a native of Soutli 
 America. The flowers are white, and of ex- 
 quisite fragrance, growing in clusters. The 
 bloom is produced on the extremity of the 
 shoots. After the flowering season, the 
 plants should be pruned back to within a 
 few eyes of the wood of the preceding year. 
 
 SUMMER HELIOTROPE. 
 
 This is a lovely little annual, with sky 
 blue bunches of feathery looking flowers, 
 and is very ornamental planted in masses. 
 
 WALL-FLOWER. 
 
 The varieties are numerous, but the 
 single is the most common, and exquisitely 
 fragrant and gay. These last are abundantly 
 self sowing in the fall, but the double varie- 
 ties should be propagated by cuttings in the 
 spring, placed in sand. The old bushes 
 
ladies' southern florist. 73 
 
 sliould be pruned in tlie fall, or they become 
 scragly and unsiglitly. 
 
 Tbe wall-flower is a balf-shrub evergreen. 
 Light rich soil is best adapted to its culture, 
 but it will thrive any where. Those with 
 rusty brown streaks are considered finest. 
 
 GILLY-FLOWER. 
 
 The stock-gilly is deservedly a favorite. It 
 can only be propagated by seed. It blooms 
 the second year, tnerefore seed should be 
 sown every year to keep up a succession of 
 flowers. It is easy to transplant. The dis- 
 tance of the plants apart must be six inches. 
 The soil should be very rich, and finely 
 worked. The seed are very small, and must 
 be carefully raked in when sown. It is an 
 ornamental plant in a garden, in all its varie- 
 ties of color. 
 7 
 
74 ladies' southern florist 
 
 PETUNIAS 
 
 Are ever-bloomiDg, hardy annuals, of 
 great variety of color. They are in flower 
 from May to November. They should he 
 planted in masses, and are showy trained 
 over rock- work. 
 
 Single plants can he trained over small 
 frames, and should always have supports, 
 as they are trailing. The stems and 
 leaves are covered with a viscid substance, 
 which is unpleasant to the touch, there- 
 fore they are not suitable for bouquets, 
 but they are handsome decorations to the 
 flower garden: 
 
 They can be propagated from cuttings, 
 but they must be protected during the 
 winter. Double varieties are inferior to 
 single. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 75 
 
 PHLOX. 
 
 This is a perennial herbaceous plant, 
 very handsome and showy, cultivated in 
 masses. They require a shady situation 
 and some moisture to thrive well. They 
 will die out in dry situations. 
 
 They delight in a rich, light, sandy 
 loam. When the plants become large, 
 they should be divided, and planted in 
 fresh ground. The phlox is in flower 
 early, and is continuous in bloom until 
 frost. They will continue longer in bloom 
 by cutting down, after flowering, to pre- 
 vent them seeding. If you wish seedling 
 plants on the same spot, this trimming 
 must be dispensed with, as the next seed- 
 ing will be but imperfect. Sow the seed 
 in the fall or spring. 
 
 PORTULACCA. 
 
 This is only a variety of the weed jpitrs- 
 ley. But, notwithstanding, when planted in 
 
76 ladies' southeen, florist. 
 
 masses, it is very orDamental. It looks 
 well on rock-work and in jars, or in bor- 
 dering for beds. The color is crimson, 
 opening its bloom with the morning sun 
 and closing at sunset. Sow the seed in 
 the spring. 
 
 ^fc> 
 
 MIGNONETTE. 
 
 A bed of this should be planted in 
 every flower garden, for its exquisite per- 
 fume. It can be kept in bloom all sum- 
 mer by trimming off the flowers to prevent 
 them seeding. Sow the seed in the spring. 
 
 AMBROSIA. 
 
 This is also very fragrant. The long 
 spikes of green bloom are very handsome 
 in bouquets. It grows very large by culti- 
 vation in rich, moist soil. Sow the seed 
 in the spring. It is abundantly self-sowing 
 after being once established. 
 
ladies' southekn florist. 7T 
 
 SNAP-DRAGON. 
 
 An imperfect perennial, wliicli is apt to 
 die out every few years. It is self-sowing 
 after once being established. 
 
 Sow the seed in the fall, or in a hot- 
 bed very early in the spring. Some varie- 
 ties are very handsome. The yelloiD is ob- 
 jectionable, on account of its weedy pro- 
 pensity. Snap-Dragolis will bloom the 
 first year if sown in the fall. They can 
 afterwards be propagated by division of 
 the root or cuttings. The second year 
 the flowers are finer. 
 
 The soil should be a rich, sandy loam, 
 though in heavy, moist earth they will 
 grow with greater vigor, but will not 
 flower so profusely as in dryer and lighter 
 soils. 
 
 CANTERBURY BELLS. 
 
 A biennial, which should be sown in the 
 spring, and transplanted in August or Sep- 
 
78 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 tember, where it is intended to bloom. The 
 flowering is weakened by transplanting in 
 the spring. The same effect of spring trans- 
 planting applies to all biennials, and most 
 seedling perennials. Is'o manure should be 
 used on canterbury bells. 
 
 COREOPSIS. 
 
 A common, but showy plant. Sow the 
 seed in the fall, and transplant in March, 
 and it will bloom in June. Propagate after- 
 wards by division of the root. It requires 
 deep, black loam soil, and requires moisture 
 for successful cultivation. 
 
 LARKSPUR. 
 
 The annual larkspurs are very hardy, and 
 are best when self-sown in the summer. 
 Sow the seed in September. 
 
 Rich, stiff' soil is best suited to its culture. 
 The seed must be sown where desired to 
 stand, as they are injured by transplanting. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 79 
 
 Thill out to stand six inches apart. Sow in 
 masses. 
 
 Like many hardy annuals, seed sown late 
 in the autumn will produce stronger plants, 
 though the spring-sown seed may start out 
 of the ground earlier. The lying dormant 
 under ground during the winter seems to 
 start the plants with more vigor, and they 
 are more rohust than the spring seedlings. 
 
 The double rocket larkspur, planted in a 
 variety of colors, in masses, when in bloom 
 is almost equal to a bed of a liyaciMlis. 
 These seed must always be planted in the 
 fall. 
 
 PINK. 
 
 Pinks can be grown from the seed, and 
 are often abundantly self-sown. The carna- 
 tions seldom bear seed. Seedlings often 
 produce inferior bloomers, which should at 
 once be exterminated, as they will injure 
 
80 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 the finer plants. This is especially the case 
 with the carnations. 
 
 The carnation pink has preeminence in 
 color and perfume. It is often handsomely 
 striped; hut the French carnations are pure 
 in color, excepting sometimes they are 
 mottled or pied. The Florida pink is a fine 
 large mottled variety, but Yerj tender, and 
 scarcely bears our winter out of doors. 
 
 The grass pink is hardy and strong-grow- 
 ing, and is very showy and highly ornamen- 
 tal (^ borders of beds as edgings. But 
 pinks are too exhausting for this purpose, 
 injuring every thing growing within a yard 
 of them. 
 
 Pinks die out in two or three years if 
 left to themselves, especially the carnations. 
 Propagate new plants by cuttings or pip- 
 ings in November. Strip off* the old leaves 
 and, with a sharp knife, cut off" the stem 
 close below the joint of the stem. Trim 
 the leaves and set the piping in sandy, dry 
 
ladies' southeen florist. 81 
 
 soil, two inclies deep. If planted in clayey 
 or wet soil, tliey are apt to rot, and take 
 root witli difficulty. After planting tlie 
 piping, press tlie eartli to it with the thamb 
 and finger, and keep moist until a rain. 
 
 The pipings will be ready to transplant in 
 six weeks, and will bloom the same year. 
 Old plants should have the earth renewed 
 about every two years, and, tripiming off all 
 but three or four centre stems, replant 
 about two inches deeper than before. The 
 trimmings will do fcfr pipings. 
 
 Hen-house manure sifted, and soot, are 
 excellent for all pinks. 
 
 Sweet Williams are very lovel}^, and not so 
 much cultivated as they should be. 
 
 GOLDEN ROD. 
 
 A deciduous shrub, of pithy growth. It 
 attains the height of three or four feet. 
 Like the spiraea and almond, the bloom 
 precedes the leaves. The stems are covered 
 
with golden yellow bells, blooming tbe 
 first of Marcli. It is very showy and 
 graceful. It can be easily increased by cut- 
 
 tings or suckers. 
 
 DOUBLE SUN-FLOWEE. 
 
 Sow the seed late in the spring. This 
 is a superb flower, nearly double the size 
 of a dahlia, and quite as handsome in ap- 
 pearance. It should be more cultivated. 
 
 CANDY .TUFT. 
 
 It is enlivening to the garden, planted in 
 masses. It is hardy, and easily cultivated 
 from seed. The finer varieties require to be 
 propagated by cuttings. Spring-sown seed 
 will do tolerably well, but autumn is the 
 proper time to sow. 
 
 POPPY. 
 
 The poppy blooms three years from the 
 seedlings. It is impossible to transplant them, 
 
ladies' southern florist. 83 
 
 therefore tliey must be planted where they 
 will remain. Propagate, afterwards, by di- 
 vision of the roots, as soon as the foliage 
 dies. If deferred until spring, the bloom 
 will be weakly. 
 
 The poppy grows best in rich, stiff soil. 
 Plant in masses. 
 
 FEVERFEW. 
 
 These are worthless, from seed; but raised 
 from cuttings, or division of the root, are 
 highly ornameutal in the flower yard. Will 
 thrive in any soil. 
 
 PERIWINKLE. 
 
 A trailing evergreen, flourishing best 
 under shade and drip of trees. The floAv- 
 ers are of a pale blue, which, through its 
 dark green foliage, is very cheerful. It 
 can easily be propagated by cuttings, and is 
 continuous in blooming. 
 
84 ladies' southern fkorist. 
 
 VIOLETS. 
 
 Of tliese fragrant flowers, the Tuscan va- 
 riety is the finest. Yiolets grow best in 
 the shade. They should be divided, and 
 the soil renewed entirely every two years, 
 to continue blooming. If neglected, they 
 will grow to vines and flower but sparingly. 
 
 They should have no heating manures. 
 All that is necessary to their successful cul- 
 ture is wood dirt, or earth mould. Yiolets 
 make good borders to beds in shady situa- 
 tions. 
 
 The division of the roots should be made 
 in the fall. Cultivate in large patches. 
 The violet can be propagated by the seed, 
 which are contained in seed vessels beneath 
 the leaves, close to the ground. These are 
 formed after the violets are through bloom- 
 ing in the summer. Sow the seed in the 
 fall. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 85 
 
 HEARTSEASE. 
 
 An annual, self-sowing, and very mucli 
 improved by culture. Vegetable manure 
 is best for this, too. They require shade 
 to do well. Only the darkest and richest 
 bloomers should be kept, and all others de- 
 stroyed. 
 
 PANSEYS. 
 
 These are an improved variety of hearts- 
 ease. The seed are only good for one year, 
 deteriorating by keeping. They should be 
 planted in a protected situation, and shel- 
 tered in winter. Moisture is destructive to 
 the pansey, and they should be shaded 
 from the hot sun. The same plant seldom 
 blooms twice. 
 
 The finest pansey s should be marked for 
 seed and cuttings. Cut off at the second 
 or third joint, and insert two inches deep 
 in a light, sandy soil, and they will root in 
 a few weeks. Remove all blighted leaves 
 8 
 
86 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 immediately. The soil should be moder- 
 ately rich with vegetable mould, and kept 
 stirred frequently around the plant. 
 
 mallows. 
 
 These are a species of showy plants, of 
 easy culture. They can be propagated by 
 seed or division of the root. 
 
 HORNED POPPY. 
 
 The particular beauty of this plant is not 
 its flowers, which are pretty — but its " sea- 
 green, dew-splangied leaves." It is a bien- 
 nial. 
 
 MULLEN PINK. 
 
 A common, showy border flower, which 
 is not a perfect perennial, but easily kept 
 by dividing the root. The seed will bring 
 flowers the second year. It blooms in 
 April or May. 
 
ANEMONE. 
 
 This is a delicate little plant of the early 
 spring. Its flowers are bluish purple or 
 white. It should be planted in a shady, 
 sheltered spot. 
 
 AMARANTHUS TRI-COLOR. 
 
 This is an old but very handsome plant. 
 It grows three feet high, and its foliage is 
 its great beauty. Every leaf is striped 
 with red and yellow, white and green. It 
 is, really, one of .the most ornamental stalks 
 I have ever seen. It requires good soil and 
 depth, and plenty of room, to excel. 
 
 TASSEL-FLOWER. 
 
 A graceful flowering annual, waving its 
 crimson tassels throughout the summer. 
 
 BALSAMS. 
 
 For raising the double kinds, old seed are 
 considered the best. Seed should only be 
 
88 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 gathered from the double flowering. Tliey 
 require rich soil and much moisture, in a 
 shady situation, to produce fine plants and 
 a profusion of flowers. They are highly 
 ornamental, in the varieties of color, to the 
 garden. Plants can be raised from seed, 
 layers or suckers. 
 * Balsams J China asters, marigolds, ten week 
 stocks, hibiscus and zinnias, and most of 
 those plants of a free growing and strong 
 wooded nature, do best by transplanting, 
 
 BALSAM OF APPLE. 
 
 This is an annual. It is a climber, four 
 feet high, and bears yellow flowers. The 
 fruit is fleshy and ovate, and red when ripe. 
 It grows well in this climate, and the fruit 
 is preserved in brandy for the cure of cuts 
 and bruises. It should be cultivated for 
 this virtue, if one were not interested in 
 the curious plant. It should have a stout 
 support, four feet high. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 89 
 
 RHODODENDRON. 
 
 This is the American Rose Bay, and 
 grows fifteen or twenty feet high. The 
 foliage is evergreen, leaves large and beau- 
 tiful, oval, and partially renewed every three 
 or four years. 
 
 There is small chance of any of the 
 trees growing which are brought from the 
 woods, because they come from swamp 
 lands. The seed will come up readily, but 
 it requires time and patience to bring it 
 into flower. Shade and humidity are indis- 
 pensable to this shrub's growth. It re- 
 quires light rich soil, and moisture. 
 
 CHINA ASTERS. 
 
 The seed, when sown in the fall, produce 
 very early flowers. But spring sowing 
 brings on finer blooms in the summer. 
 Transplant a month after they appear above 
 the ground. Black loam is best adapted to 
 its culture and perfection. 
 
90 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 COCKSCOMB. 
 
 Save seed only from tlie finest combs. 
 Sow them in very early spring in a hot- 
 bed. Transplant, and as it grows, remove 
 the side branches to produce one strong 
 head. The crimson is only worthy of cul- 
 tivation, the white being a dirty and incon- 
 spicuous color. 
 
 The soil for the cockscomb cannot be 
 too rich to bring it to perfection. Fresh 
 horse-dung, without litter, and green turf, 
 watered abundantly, and a shady situation, 
 will bring gigantic and magnificent combs 
 — a handsome ornament to any garden. 
 
 CYPRESS VINE. 
 
 A native vine, of exquisite beauty. The 
 seed are difficult to germinate, but are abun- 
 dantly self-sowing when once established. 
 Scald the seed, and let them remain soak- 
 ing in water a few days, and when planted 
 they will soon come up. They are very 
 
ladies' southern florist. 91 
 
 weedy wlien once planted, and troublesome 
 on that account. 
 
 The cypress vine is rather difficult to 
 transplant. Seed do best when sown where 
 they are to remain. The vines should be 
 trained in numbers for effect. Ten or a 
 dozen plants in a circle around a six-foot 
 pole, with pegs and twine from the plants 
 to the top of the pole, is soon a mass of 
 verdure with exquisite eyes of scarlet, lovely 
 to behold. 
 
 MEXICAN VINE. 
 
 This vine has a tuber like an Irish po- 
 tato, from which it can be propagated. 
 The leaves are broad and thick, and grace- 
 fully festooned with tassels of white flowers, 
 which are heavily perfumed. The vine is 
 of a rapid summer growth. Plant the tu- 
 ber in the spring or fall. 
 
92 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 MARIGOLD. 
 
 Sow the seed early in the spring. Save 
 seed only from the earliest and largest 
 blooms, marking by little strings tied to 
 the stems. With even the greatest care, 
 marigolds are liable to deteriorate. Be 
 watchful in immediately destroying such 
 plants as bear inferior and single blooms. 
 
 The marigold is an annual, but not hardy. 
 It is improved by transplanting. Support 
 the plants by tying them to stout stakes. 
 Plant in clusters, and trim occasionally. 
 We have seen them equal to the finest 
 dahlia, and larger in size, of the most beau- 
 tiful shades, from straw to orange. 
 
 VERBENA 
 
 Can be reared from cuttings and from 
 seed. It flowers the same year from the 
 seed sown in the spring. Plant in masses 
 in a warm exposure to the sun, and enrich 
 the soil with vegetable manure. Septem- 
 
ladies' southern florist. 93 
 
 ber and October are the best montlis to 
 put out cuttings in new beds. 
 
 Verbena can be made more continuous 
 in blooming, by trimming the beds down 
 after tbe blooming season is over. They 
 are beautiful in all varieties, but only the 
 purple and white heliotrope are fragrant. 
 The scarlet is the gayest. 
 
 Verbena requires change of soil every 
 few years, and is particularly grateful for 
 new rich earth. The renovation should be 
 made in the fall. Verbena looks very 
 handsome, grown in l^eds on lawns, being 
 in fine contrast with the green grass. 
 
 HONEYSUCKLES. 
 
 These climbing shrubs are most of them 
 natives. They can be propagated by layers, 
 suckers and cuttings. 
 
 The English honeysuckle is of rapid 
 growth, and very luxuriant and fragrant. 
 It is an evergreen. All honeysuckles re- 
 
94 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 quire strong, ricli soil, witli good depth, to 
 sustain their vigorous growth. 
 
 Thin out honeysuckles in the fall, and 
 divest of all superfluous shoots, and shorten 
 in the shoots of last year. If bare at the 
 bottom, and only flowering high up, cut 
 down the vine to within four inches of 
 the ground." The vines will soon send forth 
 new shoots, which can be trained advan- 
 tageously. 
 
 The Bratton honeysuckle is an exquisite 
 evergreen hybrid, originated in Winnsboro', 
 South Carolina. The leaves are a light 
 green, smooth and pointed, overhung with 
 feathery festoons of pale yellow flowers, 
 shading off to white. It is the handsomest 
 of all the honeysuckles I have seen. It 
 is extremely difiicult to propagate, and, 
 unlike most cuttings, will only take in 
 rich soil. 
 
 The yellow and red looodhines are very or- 
 namental for pillars and porches. The 
 
ladies' southern florist. 95 
 
 graceful flowers are succeeded by bright 
 red wax berries, wbich decorate the vines 
 for months. These are readily propagated 
 from cuttings. 
 
 JESSAMINES. 
 
 The yellow jessamine is native, and will 
 live if the plants are taken from the up- 
 lands. It is evergreen, and gorgeous in 
 flowering. The perfume is delicious. The 
 leaf and flower are poisonous, and hence 
 it should never be planted within . the 
 reach of children. 
 
 The lohite jessamine is an exceedingly 
 elegant plant, delicate and fragrant, and 
 not surpassed by any of its species. It is 
 pure in color, and exquisite in perfume, 
 with fringy leaves and dark green stems. 
 It may be multiplied from suckers, but is 
 of slow growth until fully established, when 
 it grows rapidly. 
 
96 ladies' southekn florist, 
 
 ' LILAC. 
 
 The purple is tlie most common and the 
 most desirable. The white is rarer and 
 more delicate, and does not bloom as free- 
 ly as the purple. It is also difficult to 
 establish. 
 
 The Persian lilac is still more delicate in 
 flowering, and very beautiful. All lilacs 
 should have protected situations. Destroy 
 the suckers and trim the bushes in the 
 fall. They can be propagated by the 
 suckers. 
 
 SNOWBALL. 
 
 A most conspicuous bush with cluster 
 balls of tiny white flowers, like the hy- 
 drangea. It readil}'^ grows from suckers, 
 layers or cuttings. It grows eight or ten 
 feet high. ISTo flower garden should be 
 without it, for this is one of the most 
 showy and beautiful of the deciduous 
 shrubs. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 97 
 
 DAHLIAS. 
 
 These can be easily propagated by divi- 
 sion of tlie roots — the only method neces- 
 sary for our gardens — though they can be 
 raised from seed. 
 
 Sandy soil is best adapted to their suc- 
 cessful cultivation. Moisture is important 
 to their perfection in flowering. Plant 
 the tubers early in the spring, in a light 
 hot-bed, slightly covering them with earth, 
 and being careful to protect from the cold. 
 "Water well until they sprout, when you 
 may divide the root as you would pota- 
 toes for planting, leaving only one eye on 
 each slip. The less of the old tuber 
 planted the better. 
 
 Plant the cut tubers in March or April, 
 in the situation designated for blooming. 
 They increase prodigiously. Allow only 
 one stem to each plant, and cut oiF the 
 side branches, from one to three feet from 
 
98 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 the ground, according to the height of the 
 bush. 
 
 Rich loam induces luxuriant growth of 
 leaves and imperfect flowers. Whenever 
 dahlias are single they should be thrown 
 away, as such will never improve. 
 
 The only remedy for the greenbug is to 
 cautiously watch for it in the morning, 
 and to pick it off and destroy. 
 
 Shade of every kind is injurious to dah- 
 lias. When they are constantly watered, 
 the ground should be heavily mulched 
 with coarse litter, the better to retain 
 moisture, and to prevent the earth around 
 the plant hardening. Every dahlia should 
 have a frame, or, what is better, be tied 
 to a stout stake, with a soft band. 
 
 BURNINa BUSH. 
 
 An elegant shrub, growing eight or ten 
 feet high. The flowers are purple, grow- 
 ing in clusters, succeeded by brilliant scar- 
 
ladies' southern florist. 99 
 
 let fruit, wMch remains until after tlie 
 leaves have fallen. This shrub can be 
 raised from seed planted in the fall, or 
 propagated by cuttings. It should be plant- 
 ed in a shady and sheltered situation. 
 
 FRINGE TREE, OR WEEPING ASH, 
 
 ^' Daddy Greybeard," is a native, decidu- 
 ous shrub, which grows twelve feet high. 
 It is difficult to transplant, and does best 
 when grafted on the common ash. Light 
 loam is most congenial to this shrub. 
 
 PYRUS JAPONICA. 
 
 This is a deciduous plant, and should 
 be transplanted in the fall. The bloom of 
 the red is exceedingly gay in very early 
 spring, the flowers profusely covering the 
 bush, before the leaves appear. The blush 
 is also very handsome. This plant throws 
 up a great number of suckers, from which 
 it can readily be increased. But, in mul- 
 
100 ladies' southern f.lorist. 
 
 tiplying by this method, there is a dis- 
 advantage in unguarded selection from 
 suckers. 
 
 Root suckers are very troublesome in 
 transmitting to the sucker plant the habit 
 of throwing ujd numerous suckers, and 
 thus generally failing to form sufficient 
 root to support itself Offshoots, or stem 
 suckers, differ from these, and are excellent 
 for propagation. 
 
 DEUTZIA. 
 
 This elegant deciduous shrub is a native 
 of Japan and China. It is easy of cul 
 ture, and perfectly hardy, and can be in 
 creased by cuttings and layers. In the 
 spring the plant is covered with a profu- 
 sion of white blossoms, which are highly 
 fragrant. 
 
 The rough-leaved deutzia is used by 
 the Japanese cabinet-makers for polishing 
 wood. The slender deutzia is more airy and 
 
ladies' southern florist. 101 
 
 graceful in appearance, growing three feet 
 high, with a slightly pendant habit. The 
 leaves are only an inch long, and the 
 flowers are star-shaped, of a delicate paper 
 white. It requires a rich, light soil. 
 
 HYDRANGEA. 
 
 This is a deciduous shrub, and, being 
 tolerably hardy, will grow in the open air 
 where the winters are not too severe. 
 They require shade to grow or bloom well, 
 and when in flower need profuse watering. 
 The pink variety is most usual, but the 
 color can be changed to blue by mixing 
 in a large portion of decayed leaves and 
 swamp earth. If the plant is very thick, 
 the oldest branches may be thinned out, 
 never cuttting out any of the young shoots, 
 as these bear the flowers. Propagate by 
 offshoots or cuttings. 
 
102 ladies' southern florist 
 
 EYEEGREEKS. 
 
 These will grow in any soil, but are 
 improved in rapidity of growth by deep 
 digging and manuring. Be very cautious 
 in pruning evergreens, because many of 
 them are seriously injured by the knife. 
 The Weeping Cypress and Norway Spruce 
 we know it is detrimental to prune. Ty- 
 ing with twine is all that is necessary to 
 bring them into proper shape. 
 
 In planting evergreens, see the directions 
 elsewhere given for transplanting. 
 
 For propagation, see directions for raising 
 cuttings, with more shading. Evergreens 
 can be easily reared from the seed, and 
 the plants are more symmetrical and heal- 
 thy than those raised from cuttings. Seed- 
 lings should not be transplanted until they 
 are two years old, but a better plan is to 
 plant the seed where the trees will stand. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 103 
 
 The best plan, liowever, is to buy good trees 
 and plants from the nearest nursery. 
 
 We subjoin the names of those which 
 we know to be desirable for the flower gar- 
 den: 
 
 DEODAR CYPRESS. 
 
 This is commonly called cedar. It is a 
 native of the Himalaya mountains, where 
 it attains the height of one hundred and 
 fifty feet, with a trunk thirty feet in cir- 
 cumference. It is the most beautiful of all 
 resinous evergreens, and is of very rapid 
 growth, growing in ordinary soil at least 
 one foot a year, and in trenched ground 
 two feet annually. 
 
 This superb tree grows well in our cli- 
 mate, and would be valuable timber growth 
 for this country. Several thousand bushels 
 of the seed were imported into England 
 by the Government, and placed in the 
 hands of reliable nursery-men, to cultivate, 
 
104 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 on condition of returning one-half to the 
 Government at the end of three years, to 
 be planted for timber growth. 
 
 The wood of the Deodar cypress is 
 compact, resinous, highly fragrant, and of 
 a deep, rich color, like polished brown 
 agate. The wood of this tree, in the roofs 
 of buildings, was found perfectly sound 
 after more than two hundred years. Some 
 used in constructing a bridge in Cashmere 
 was but little decayed after four hundred 
 years' exposure to the action of the water. 
 
 The tree is most handsome when only 
 allowed one main trunk, from which the 
 limbs droop in the most graceful manner. 
 
 FUNEREAL CYPRESS. 
 
 This is a beautiful, feathery, cedar-like 
 tree, which attains the height of fifty or 
 sixty feet. It is one of the most desir- 
 able of this kind of evergreens. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 105 
 
 HEATH S CYPRESS. 
 
 A fine, dark evergreen, with reddish, 
 stems and stalks. This plant will only 
 thrive in partially shaded situations. 
 
 PYRAMIDAL CYPRESS, 
 
 Is very handsome, and naturally assumes 
 the pyramidal form, growing to the height 
 of twenty feet. The cypress tribe may all 
 be propagated by layers and cuttings, but 
 much more readily by seeds. These gene- 
 rally lie in the ground a year before they 
 sprout. 
 
 NORWAY SPRUCE. 
 
 This is a hardy and ornamental ever- 
 green, of yellomsh green foliage. It is 
 the tallest of the European firs, with a 
 straight, slender trunk, thick foliage and 
 drooping branches. Although formal in 
 appearance, when young, it is one of the 
 most ornamental of all evergreens when 
 
106 ladies' southern .florist, 
 
 grown, wlien the limbs droop in depend- 
 ing curves, adding fresh graces to it. 
 
 The Norway Spruce will thrive in any 
 soil and adapts itself to any situation. It 
 should not be pruned at all. It attains 
 the height of one hundred feet. 
 
 CHILI Pixm. 
 
 A beautiful tree, when healthy, which it 
 rarely is. It attains, in its native soil, 
 one hundred feet in height. It is elegant 
 and unique. 
 
 CALIFORNIA ARBOR VIT^. 
 
 A very handsome specimen, with fans 
 turned in diverse directions. The stems 
 and stalks" are red. It is of rapid growth, 
 and attains the height of fifty feet. 
 
 GOLDEN ARBOR VIT^. 
 
 This Chinese variety of the arbor vitse 
 is the choicest of its kind. It should 
 
ladies' southern florist. 107 
 
 never be pruned. It grows only six feet 
 higli, and is perfectly symmetrical, and very 
 compact in foliage. It is almost golden 
 hued in color, which gives it the name it 
 bears. In winter, however, it changes to a 
 rusty color. But its symmetry and usual 
 beauty is sufficient amends for a temporary 
 discoloration. ^ ^ 
 
 PYRAMIDAL ARBOR YIT^. 
 
 This is also a compact growth, the color 
 bright green, and grows ten feet high. It 
 should never be pruned. 
 
 PALM-LEAF ARBOR VIT^, 
 
 Has large, beautiful fans, in graceful fo- 
 
 liage. 
 
 HEMLOCK SPRUCE. 
 
 This elegant tree is of a lively, green 
 color. Humid soil is best adapted to its 
 culture. It is rather difficult to transplant. 
 
108 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 Tliis spruce is not of sucb. monotonous 
 formality as the E'orway spruce, the limbs 
 being still more depending. 
 
 The hemlock is considered the most 
 beautiful tree of this family. It is of slow 
 growth until fully established. It has great 
 softness and delicacy of foliage, and slender, 
 tapering branches, lb bears severe pruning 
 without the slightest injury. 
 
 CEDAR OF LEBANON. 
 
 This magniiicent tree will grow in any 
 soil. It advances with great rapidity in 
 growth, but can scarcely equal the lovely, 
 silvery Deodar. The cones of the Lebanon 
 cedar are four inches long, and beautifully 
 drawn. Deep trenching is of amazing util- 
 ity in advancing the growth of this ever- 
 green. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 109 
 
 JAPAN CEDAR. 
 
 This cedar attains the height of one hun- 
 dred feet, and is very ornamentaL 
 
 SILVER FIR. 
 
 Planted favorarblj, no tree is of more 
 rapid growth than this. In a dry, com- 
 pact soil, it grows slowly and is short 
 lived, but in deep, rich loam, and a shel- 
 tered position, it will grow rapidly, and 
 with great vigor. 
 
 The California Silver Fir is a trim and 
 beautiful tree, which grows two hundred 
 feet high, branching out from near the 
 ground, and preserving a conic symmetry, 
 with the utmost precision, creating an im- 
 pression that it must have been trimmed 
 by an experienced gardener. This tree, 
 whea first introduced into Europe, brought 
 sixteen dollars for seedlings of one year. 
 10 
 
110 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 JUNIPERS. 
 
 « 
 
 These evergreens display a silvery green 
 foliage, growing in pyramidal form naturally. 
 The leaves are small. Plants can be raised 
 from the seed, which require eighteen months 
 to vegetate. A dry loam on gravelly sub- 
 soil is best adapted to their culture. 
 
 Junipers should be encouraged to throw 
 off branches from the ground, if intended 
 for ornamental trees. Pruning the lower 
 branches spoils the beauty of the trees, which 
 are naturally perfectly plume-like in shape. 
 
 BALSAM FIR. 
 
 When planted in good soil, in a few years 
 this fir becomes a perfect pyramid of dark 
 green foliage. Rich, sandy soil is best 
 adapted to it. It is hardy, easily trans- 
 planted, and grows rapidly and with great 
 vigor. The greatest objection to the balsam 
 fir is its early decay. It is short-lived, and 
 
ladies' southern florist. Ill 
 
 becomes very ragged in its appearance wlien 
 it attains its full growth. 
 
 HOLLY. 
 
 "We have a fine native species, which is 
 of slow growth, but is lovely even as a shrub. 
 It is extremely difficult to transplant and 
 establish. The best time to remove the 
 plants from the woods is just before the buds 
 begin to shoot. The smaller the plant the 
 better the success of transplanting. Protect 
 them a long time from the sun's rays. 
 
 The native holly grows from twenty to 
 forty feet high, and if not trimmed the lower 
 limbs rest upon the ground, and the whole 
 tree forms a beautiful symmetrical cone. In 
 the fall it is covered with red berry fruit, 
 which remain all winter. 
 
112 ladies' southern florist, 
 
 HOLLY-LEAVED BERBERRY. 
 
 This is not so beautiful as our native liolly, 
 but is easier to transplant. It grows six 
 feet high. 
 
 TEA PLANT. 
 
 This plant is a half-hardy evergreen shrub, 
 thickly branched, with dark green foliage, 
 like the camelia japonica. The bloom is 
 white. It grows from four to six feet high, 
 when cultivated for tea-making, but will at- 
 tain a height of ten feet when not dwarfed 
 by this process. 
 
 A light yellowish loam, well mixed with 
 sand and moderately moist, is best for this 
 plant. Earth mould, or any vegetable ma- 
 nure, will increase its vigor. In order to 
 make it assume a round and bushy outline, 
 the ends of the shoots should be pinched off 
 with the fingers, (this plant must not be 
 touched with the knife,) otherwise it will 
 grow too straggling. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 113 
 
 This shrub may be propagated from seed 
 or cuttings. The seed should be planted 
 two or three inches deep, and will vegetate 
 in two or three months. The cuttings must 
 be planted in October, and taken from ma- 
 tured shoots. The seedlings or cuttings can 
 be transplanted when a year old. 
 
 LAUREL. 
 
 All the laurels are fine, either the native 
 species or the English. The kalmia, or na- 
 tive laurel, should be cut down to the ground, 
 in transplanting, to do well, being an excep- 
 tion to its species in this respect. 
 
 The English laurel is one of our most 
 beautiful evergreens, with large, shining, 
 green leaves. It grows twenty feet high, 
 and bears a small white flower. It is of 
 very rapid growth, and a desirable tree iu 
 the flower yard. 
 
114 ladies' southern florist 
 
 CAPE jessamine. 
 
 This handsome evergreen has beautiful 
 dark green leaves, with a rich camelia- 
 like flower, of delicious fragrance. It grows 
 ten feet high, and may be propagated by 
 layers or cuttings. They can also be grown 
 in water, in glass, until rootlets appear, 
 and the glass then filled up with sand. 
 "When established in the sand, break off 
 the glass and set in the ground without 
 disturbing the roots. Plant cuttings in sand, 
 and keep saturated with water, and they 
 will be sure to succeed. The cape jessa- 
 mine is handsome in single plants or 
 hedges. In either case they should be al- 
 lowed to stool. 
 
 CAMELIA JAPONICA. 
 
 This splendid evergreen can be grown 
 out of doors in the more southern localities 
 of this State, and therefore a description of 
 its cultivation will not be out of place in 
 
ladies' southern florist. 115 
 
 this treatise. The camelia can be increased 
 by layers, cuttings and seed. 
 
 Layers can be made from shoots of the 
 last year's growth. Trim the shoot clear of 
 all side shoots or leaves as far as necessary 
 to bed them. Dig the earth carefully, break- 
 ing it fine and mixing rich earth-mould with 
 it, and let it be slightly raised above the 
 level of the ground, or if the branch be too 
 high from the ground, place a pot filled 
 with earth under the branch. Make a slant- 
 ing cut upwards half through the branch, 
 immediately below and close to a bud, which 
 is termed "tongueing" it. Cut off the tip 
 end of the tongue. This cut should be made 
 at such a distance as to permit its being 
 bent down into the ground. Give the branch 
 a slightly twisting motion in the process, to 
 prevent snapping it off and'to open it; then 
 pm it down to the ground with a forked 
 stick. Cover with two or three inches of 
 earth. Then press the earth gently on and 
 
116 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 around the layer, and shorten to one or two 
 buds above the surface. ' This description of 
 layering applies generallj^ to all plants that 
 admit of this method of propagation. Lay- 
 ering may be done on the last year's growth 
 just before the sap begins to rise in the 
 spring; or, on the the new growth of the 
 year, any time from the middle of June to 
 the end of July, and even later. If pots 
 are used for this operation, the^ earth in the 
 pot must be kept very moist until the layer 
 has rooted, care being taken in watering 
 not to wash away the earth from around 
 the cut. 
 
 Plants propagated by seed are so sym- 
 metrical and healthy that they will amply 
 repay the pains necessary to be taken to 
 raise them by this method. Select a plant 
 to bear seed, the pistils of whose blooms 
 are perfect. If you have none, you need not 
 attempt the experiment. Then take a fine 
 camel-hair pencil and put it gently on the 
 
ladies' southern florist. 117 
 
 pollen of the bloom of another plant (always 
 a double variety), then, with this on the pen- 
 cil, dust it lightly on the stigma of the bloom 
 you have selected to bear seed, just as it 
 is newly expanded. Between the hours of 
 ten and twelve in the forenoon is the most 
 proper time for the operation. The seed 
 must be sown as soon as ripe. Plant them 
 about an inch deep, in pots filled with leaf 
 mould, loam and white sand, in equal por- 
 tions, and place the pots in a warm situation. 
 When six inches high transfer from the pots 
 to the places where you desire them to grow. 
 These will bloom the second year. Endless 
 varieties can be produced by this method of 
 hybridizing, which can successfully be applied 
 to the rose and many other flowers. 
 
 For the cultivation of the camelia the soil 
 should be enriched to the depth of two 
 feet with vegetable mould. Animal manure 
 must never be applied to the japonica. In 
 watering, be careful never to let any water 
 
118 ladies' southeen florist. 
 
 fall on the blooms, as tliis causes premature 
 decay and fading of the colors. 
 
 When the plant is young, during the heat 
 of summer, mulch well around the stem ; 
 and, if the plant be vigorous, water freely 
 during dry weather ; but if the ]3l^nt be sick- 
 ly, shade with evergreen boughs and water 
 often, but sparingly. The japonica, out of 
 doors, attains a height of from ten to twenty- 
 five feet. 
 
 PITTOSPORUM. 
 
 This evergreen is a native of China, and 
 quite hardy with us, growing to a height 
 of fifteen feet. The foliage is very hand- 
 some, and is dark green. It bears clus- 
 ters of small white flowers, of fine fragrance. 
 There is also a variegated variety of the 
 pittosporum. This ornamental evergreen 
 will grow with the most simple treatment. 
 It is easily propagated by cuttings. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 119 
 
 TWISTED CYPRESS. 
 
 This is a desirable evergreen, growing 
 fifteen feet high. Its foliage partakes of 
 the appearance of both cedar and arbor 
 vitae, and seems to have a tendency to 
 twist; hence its name. It forms a beauti- 
 ful conical tree. 
 
 OLEANDER. 
 
 This is a beautiful, erect-growing shrub, 
 of easj culture. It is subject to disease 
 from becoming infested with a white, scaly 
 insect, which must be destroyed by wash- 
 ing. The single is not so handsome as 
 .the double rose, which is exceedingly ten- 
 der. Oleanders grow eight feet high. 
 When they become sluggish, and do not 
 bloom well, they should be cut down to 
 the ground. They require some protection 
 in the winter. The roots have wonderful 
 vitality. Indeed, many evergreens have the 
 same quality, and often, when apparently 
 
120 ladies' southern -florist. 
 
 dead for a year, will suddenly put forth 
 new and vigorous. We have known an 
 oleander root longer than this in a dor- 
 mant condition, and to send forth fine 
 healthy shoots. 
 
 CORK OAK. 
 
 This is a handsome evergreen, imported 
 by the Government from Spain, and is 
 suitable for a shade tree. The leaves are 
 shaped like the holly, but rounder and of 
 a paler green, similar to the live oak, with 
 very large acorns. It is of very rapid 
 growth, having grown two feet the first 
 year. It is said to make a noble tree in 
 less than twelve years. 
 
 It is rather difficult to transplant, but 
 with shade and extra care in moving, not 
 many will fail, although all lose the foli- 
 age, and renew on their recovery from the 
 removal. The propagation is very easy from 
 the acorns. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 121 
 
 florida magnolia. 
 This magnificent and noble tree is indi- 
 genous to our Southern States. Inland it 
 attains a height of from ten to twenty 
 feet. Nearer the coast it is of gigantic 
 growth. There is not a more magnificent 
 sio-ht in the world than an aA^enue of 
 these superb evergreens, with their mon- 
 strous blooms, such as grow in the lower 
 parts of South Carolina and Georgia. 
 
 The magnolia is of slow growth, but 
 always elegant and symmetrical. The 
 health and vigor of the trees are promo- 
 ted by occasionally giving a top-dressing of 
 salt, not allowing the salt to come in con- 
 tact with the trunk or roots of the tree. 
 
 CHINESE MAGNOLIA. 
 
 This is a much more hardy species, and 
 
 soon attains its full height, of six or eight 
 
 feet. The flowers are lily-shaped, smaller 
 
 than the Florida, and of two colors, the 
 
 11 
 
122 ladies' southern-florist. 
 
 wliite and the purple. Wlien full grown 
 it loses its lower brandies, and assumes 
 the appearance of an immense umbrella. 
 
 EUONYMOUS. 
 
 The foliage is a deep, shining green, of 
 rapid growth, and suitable for hedges. 
 The single plants require close and frequent 
 pruning. The silver-edged is much the 
 handsomer. It grows well from cuttings. 
 "No necessity for small plants to have roots, 
 as they will grow without. Height, ten to 
 fifteen feet. Seedlings change very much 
 in character from the parent plant. 
 
 MESPILUS JAPONICA. 
 
 This is a fine plant with large leaves, 
 white underneath. It bears small white 
 flowers on a spike, which produces, in a 
 favorable climate, fruit of the size of a 
 walnut, of a fine yellow blush color. It 
 is of easy culture, and perfectly hardy. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 123 
 
 PRIVET. 
 
 The privets are all lianclsome in hedges. 
 The American bears a black berry, and the 
 English a green berry, and both make good 
 hedges. We also have the silver-edged, 
 with variegated foliage. The Japan privet 
 has long, oval leaves, of a bright green 
 color, and is perfectly hardy. The L. Lu- 
 cida privet has elegant, thick, camelia-like 
 foliage, and grows from ten to fifteen feet 
 high, into a handsome and S3^mmetrical 
 tree. It bears spikes of small white flow- 
 ers, succeeded by black berries, which hang 
 on all winter. 
 
 TREE BOX. 
 
 This makes an ornamental hedge, and 
 grows very rapidly. It is suitable for face 
 hedging to other growth, to hide defects, 
 o-rowins: well under trees. In single plants 
 it grows twenty feet high, and can be 
 
124 ladies' southern -florist. 
 
 trimmed into any sliape desired. The gol- 
 den-edged is a very pretty variety. 
 
 The dwarf box is best for edging beds, 
 and should first be cultivated from cut- 
 tings, in plantations, and well rooted before 
 bordering, because so uncertain. 
 
 Box edo'ino-s which have remained a 
 number of years in the same place, should 
 be taken up and relaid. Dig them up and 
 cut off the lower roots with a hatchet, and 
 square the young top shoots with a sharp 
 knife. The surplus box can be used in 
 other parts of the garden. 
 
 FRENCH FURZE. 
 
 An erect, ]Drickly, evergreen shrub. It 
 makes handsome and impenetrable hedges. 
 It must be closely and regularly trimmed, 
 or it becomes unsightly. Old and scragly 
 grown trees should be cut down to the 
 ground, and they will soon put out again. 
 It grows four feet high. It should be 
 
ladies' southern florist. 125 
 
 more cultivated, for it is very gaj and 
 beautiful in bloom. It blossoms early in 
 the spring, in flowers of pea-bloom shape. 
 In fact, it is more or less in bloom all 
 the year; hence the old French proverb, 
 that '' love goes out of fashion when the 
 furze goes out of bloom." 
 
 Elsewhere known as the Carolina cherry, 
 is one of the most beautiful vegetable pro- 
 ductions of the South. The foliage is a 
 dark, shining green, handsome at all sea- 
 sons. It has a small white bloom, succeeded 
 by black fruit in berries. Its growth is ex- 
 traordinarily vigorous and rapid. It is uni- 
 versally used in hedges; and forms, when 
 trimmed, solid walls of verdure, from ten to 
 twenty feet high. The hedges require trim- 
 ming twice in the year, in spring, and in 
 fall after it has completed its growth for 
 
126 ladies' southern T'LORIST. 
 
 tlie season. Single trees can be trimmed 
 into any shape desired. 
 
 The seed are difficult to germinate, and 
 when planted sometimes lie dormant in the 
 ground two years before they come up. But 
 by the following plan they can be easily 
 raised. Put the seed, when ripe, into some 
 vessel, with plenty of fresh ashes or lime 
 mixed through them. In a week or ten days 
 the hulls will readily rub off with the hands. 
 Having hulled the seed, soak them in water 
 until some of them burst, then plant imme- 
 diately, in a rich bed. The first soaking 
 rain will bring them up like peas. Trans- 
 plant when one year old, when in a dor- 
 mant state ; though the better plan is to 
 sow the seed where they are to stand. The 
 proper time to sow seed is in February or 
 March. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 127 
 
 WHITE PINE. 
 
 This is the loftiest pine in the Atlantic 
 States, attaining a height of two hundred 
 feet. The cones are four or Rve inches 
 long. Young trees make an elegant appear- 
 ance, owing to the lightness and delicacy 
 of the foliage. It is not easily grown at 
 the South. It is precarious of life, and 
 when transplanted is liable to die. Hence 
 we say that this is an midesirable evergreen. 
 
 OLIVE. 
 
 Olives require a temperate and equable 
 climate. Too great heat is as hurtful to 
 them as severe cold. Sudden changes of 
 temperature are exceedingly injurious; hence 
 it would seem to be little adapted to our 
 variable climate. 
 
 It is very delicate, and difficult to estab- 
 lish in our latitude. If planted at all, it 
 should have the benefit of a shady situa- 
 tion. The climate of Florida, however, suits 
 
128 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 tlie olive, and in East Florida are several 
 large olive trees planted by a colony of 
 Greeks in 1783. There is a native olive 
 found thinly disseminated through Florida 
 and along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, 
 as far as Louisiana, sometimes known as 
 the Devil-wood. 
 
 A humid soil or situation is injurious to 
 the olive. It will grow from cuttings and 
 pieces of root, and is very tenacious of life. 
 
 The old proverb, that " no man who has 
 planted an olive has ever tasted of its fruit," 
 though not literally true, has arisen from 
 the extreme slowness of its growth. 
 
 The fragrant olive is a native of China 
 and Japan, and is a more interesting plant. 
 The flowers are white, growing in bunches, 
 and highly fragrant, and are used by the 
 Chinese for perfuming their teas. This spe- 
 cies requires the same treatment as the Eu- 
 ropean olive, and is of very slow growth. 
 
ladies' southern florist. 129 
 
 YEWS. 
 
 These evergreens belong to the pine genus. 
 The foliage resembles the hemlock spruce, 
 but the fruit is not a cone, but a small red 
 berry, in the hollow part of the extremity 
 of which a small green seed appears. The 
 yew can be clipped, without injury, into 
 any shape. The leaves of the yew are very 
 poisonous, both to men and cattle. The 
 yews are all of extremely slow growth, 
 and therefore very undesirable in the flower 
 garden. 
 
 The English yew grows to the height of 
 twenty feet, and the Irish variety ten feet. 
 The Canadian yew is a low, prostrate shrub, 
 entirely worthless. 
 
 WASHINGTONIA GIGANTEA. 
 
 This is the giant pine of California. 
 Doubtless its mammoth dimensions may be 
 attributed to the richness of the soil in 
 which it grows. The whole number of 
 
130 ladies' southern florist. 
 
 these trees in existence, young and old, 
 does not exceed five hundred, and all are 
 comprised within an area of about fifty 
 acres. This spot is a rich gold region 
 near Sonora. 
 
 One of these noble trees was, by some 
 gigantic accident, overthrown, some forty or 
 fifty years since, the trunk of which was 
 three hundred feet in length and the tree 
 had, undoubtedly, attained the height of 
 ^YQ hundred feet, when standing alive. At 
 the butt it was one hundred and ten feet 
 in circumference, or about thirty-six feet 
 in diameter. On the bark quite a soil had 
 accumulated, on which large shrubs were 
 growing, elevated twenty-two feet above 
 the ground. The seed of this tree has 
 been calculated to have germinated when 
 Moses was a baby. 
 
 The leaves are triangular and scale-like, 
 as in the cedar, and the wood is a deep 
 red. The cones require two years to at- 
 
ladies' southern florist. 131 
 
 tain their full growth, when they are up- 
 wards of a foot in length and nearly four 
 inches in diameter. 
 
 The growth of this giant pine is very 
 slow, and its appearance, while young, not 
 striking. It will attain a proper height 
 for a flower garden in ffty years, and its 
 full height in about one thousand years. 
 
 AUCUBAN JAPONICA, 
 
 Or Blotch plant, is of slow and preca- 
 rious growth, and only attains an incon- 
 siderable height. It has yellow spotted or 
 blotched leaves, hence its name. The 
 flowers are small and insignificant. If 
 planted at all, it requires a shady situation 
 to grow more freely. The hot sun is fatal 
 to the Aucuban japonica. 
 
132 ladies' southern- florist. 
 
 To succeed well with lawns, the ground 
 must be trenched, that the grass roots may 
 penetrate at least two feet deep, and not 
 be injured by drought, and preserve the 
 freshness of color throughout the summer. 
 
 After the ground has been trenched, it 
 must be smoothly raked, and allowed to 
 settle a week or ten days before planting. 
 Loosen the surface with the rake when 
 ready to sow the seed. Grass seed should 
 be sown heavily, to cover the ground com- 
 pletely. After sowing, the ground should 
 be rolled with a heavy roller. 
 
 Lawns should be frequently mown, and 
 rolled after every rain, to make them vel- 
 vety and close in texture. It is of great 
 importance to have the plats heavily seed- 
 ed, for then weeds can have no chance to 
 grow. ^ever allow the grass to go to 
 
ladies' southern florist. 133 
 
 seed, but regularly mow every three or 
 four weeks, from April to October, l^ever 
 permit the grass to grow higher than four 
 inches. 
 
 In very dry weather, all lawns should 
 be watered. In small plats, where a thick 
 turf is required, the quantity of seed 
 must be doubled. 
 
 A mixture of grass seed is better than 
 any single variety alone. For instance, 
 sow equal parts of red-top and blue-grass — 
 the Hungarian and JPahner grass, etc. 
 
 The time for sowing lawns is in the 
 spring or autumn. Sow broadcast, and as 
 uniformly as possible, slightly covering the 
 seed with a sprinkling of vegetable earth, 
 and roll it well. With constant care a 
 lawn will last a long time, but if aban- 
 doned to itself, it will have to be renewed 
 every few years. Lawns require to be 
 weeded every spring and fall. They should 
 be top-dressed in autumn with long ma- 
 12 
 
134 ladies' southekn' florist. 
 
 niire, raking off tlie straw in tlie spring, 
 before tlie grass begins to grow. A mix- 
 ture of guano and soot is equally good 
 for a top dressing. A sprinkling of vege- 
 table earth, is tbe best fertilizer tbat can 
 be applied to a strong soil. This should 
 be done once in three years. 
 
 Small lawns are improved by resowing 
 every year, to keep them fresh and thick. 
 If old lawns become mossy, the best plan 
 is to harrow with an iron rake, and in- 
 stead of disturbing the grass it will im- 
 prove it. Guano, mixed half-and-half with 
 sand or charcoal, is a great renovator of 
 grass plats, if sown before a rain in Feb- 
 ruary. By neglecting to mow grass too 
 long, the roots become tender, and die 
 under the heat of the sun. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Almond, flowering, . . 
 
 Amaranthus tri-color, . 
 
 Ambrosia, 
 
 Anemone, .... 
 
 Arbor- Vitse, California, . 
 " " Golden, . 
 " " Palm-Leaf, 
 " " Pyramidal, 
 
 Ash, weeping, , . . , 
 
 Aucuban japonica, . . 
 
 Azaleas, 
 
 Balsams, .... 
 Balsam of apple, . . 
 Berberry, holly-leaved, 
 Blotch plant, . . . 
 Botanical outline, 
 Budding roses," . . . 
 Burning bush, . . 
 Box, dwarf, .... 
 " tree, .... 
 
 Camelia jnponica, . 
 Canterbury bells, . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 . 64 
 
 87 
 
 . 16 
 
 81 
 
 , 106 
 
 106 
 , 101 
 
 107 
 . 99 
 
 131 
 . 64 
 
 , 87 
 
 88 
 
 , 112 
 
 131 
 
 7 
 
 45 
 
 , 98 
 
 124 
 
 123 
 
 114 
 
 77 
 
 Candy tuft, .... 
 Cape jessamine, . . . 
 Cedar of Lebanon, . . 
 
 " Deodar, . . . . 
 
 " Japan, . . . 
 
 Chili pine, 
 
 China asters, . . . 
 Chrysanthemums, . . 
 Cockscomb, . • . . . 
 Columbine, . . . . 
 Coreopsis, .... 
 
 Cork Oak, 
 
 Crocus, . . . . . 
 Cuttings, of Evergreens, 
 
 " Rose, . . 
 
 Cypress vine, . . . . 
 Cypress, Deodar, . . 
 
 " Funereal, . . 
 
 " Heath's, . . 
 
 " Pyramidal, . . 
 
 " Twisted, . . 
 
 Daffodils, 
 Dahlias, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 82 
 
 . 114 
 
 108 
 
 , 103 
 
 109 
 
 . 106 
 
 89 
 
 . 61 
 
 90 
 
 , 69 
 
 78 
 
 , 120 
 
 59 
 
 , 48 
 
 41 
 
 90 
 
 103 
 
 , 104 
 
 105 
 
 105 
 
 119 
 
 59 
 97 
 
136 
 
 IXDEX. 
 
 Deutzia, 
 Euonvmous, 
 
 100 
 
 ... 12 
 
 " silver-edged, . 122 1 
 
 Everlasting pea, . . . 69 j Ice plant, 
 
 Evergreens, 102 Iris, . . 
 
 Hyacinths, feathered, 
 
 Hybridizing, . . . 
 
 Hvdrangea, . . . 
 
 Fringe tree, 99 'Jasmine, Chili, 
 
 Feverfew, 83 Jessamines, 
 
 Fir, balsam, 110 " Cape, 
 
 " California silver, . . 109 Jonquils, . . 
 
 " silver, 109 Junipers, . . 
 
 Four o'docks, '70 
 
 . . . 124 Lagerstremia, 
 
 French furze. 
 
 Larkspui-s, 
 Lavender, 
 Laverins. 
 
 Geraniums, 6 
 
 Gillv-flower, 1 
 
 ' I - -. 
 
 Gladiolus, 60 i Laurel, . 
 
 Golden rod, 81 Lawns, . 
 
 Lilac, . . 
 
 Heartsease, 85 'Lily, tiger. 
 
 Hedges, 18 1 " white 
 
 Heliotrope, 68 Laurustinus, 
 
 " summer, . . 72 
 
 Holly, Ill 
 
 Hollyhock, .... 
 Honeysuckles, English, 
 " Bratton, 
 
 Horned poppy, . . . 
 Hvacinths, .... 
 
 Magnolia, Chinese, 
 60 " Florida, 
 
 93 Mallows, . . . . 
 
 94 Marigold, , . , 
 SeiMespilus japonica, . 
 49 'Mexican vine, . . 
 
 PA6R 
 
 . 52 
 
 116 
 
 , 101 
 
 11 
 , 59 
 
 72 
 . 95 
 
 114 
 . 59 
 
 110 
 
 63 
 
 , 78 
 
 68 
 
 , 115 
 
 113 
 
 132 
 
 96 
 
 59 
 
 58 
 
 19 
 
 121 
 121 
 
 86 
 
 92 
 
 122 
 
 91 
 
INDEX, 
 
 137 
 
 Mignonette, . . 
 Mullen pink, . 
 MaeCartney rose, 
 Myitle, Crape, 
 
 Nankin perilla, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 76 
 
 Oleander, 119 
 
 Olive, European, . . . .127 
 
 " fragrant, .... 128 
 
 Orange, wild, 125 
 
 " mock, .... 64 
 
 Panseys, 85 
 
 Peonias, 65 
 
 Petunias, 74 
 
 Periwinkle, 83 
 
 Phlox, 75 
 
 Pine, Chili, 106 
 
 " Giant, of California, .129 
 
 " white, 127 
 
 Pinks, 79 
 
 Pittosporum, . . . . 118 
 
 Poppy, 82 
 
 " horned, .... 86 
 
 Portulacca, 75 
 
 Preparation of Garden, . 13 
 
 Privet, 123 
 
 Pyrusjaponica, . ... 99 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Ranunculus, 66 
 
 Rhododendron, .... 89 
 
 Rose cuttings, 41 
 
 Roses, culture of, . . 
 
 '' budding of, . 
 
 ■* pruning of, . . 
 
 " Bourbon, . . 
 
 ' Brier, . . . 
 
 " Climbing, . . 
 
 " China, . . . 
 
 " Hybrid perpetuals, 
 
 " Moss, ... 
 
 " Musk, .... 
 
 " Tea, .... 
 
 Seed-sowing, 24 
 
 Snapdragon, .... 77 
 
 Snowdrop, ...... 59 
 
 Snowball, 96 
 
 Snowberry, 70 
 
 Spiraea, 63 
 
 Spruce, hemlock, . . .107 
 
 " Norway, . . . 105 
 
 Sun-flower, double, ... 82 
 
 Suckers, propagation from, 100 
 
 Syringa, 64 
 
 Sweet brier, 20 
 
 Sweet Williams, .... 81 
 
138 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Tassel-flower, .... 87 
 
 Tea plant, 112 
 
 Transplanting, .... 21 
 
 Trenching, Garden, ... 13 
 
 Tuberoses, 56 
 
 Tulips, 53 
 
 Verbenas, 92 
 
 Violets, 84 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Watering, 27 
 
 Wall-flower, 72 
 
 Washingtonia Gigantea, . 129 
 
 Waxberry, 70 
 
 White lily, 58 
 
 Wild orange, 125 
 
 Woodbines, 94 
 
 Yews, 129 
 
PUBLICATIONS 
 
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 P. B. GLASS, (Successor to E. L. Bryan,) 
 
 COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 BARNWELL. 
 
 Manual of Supplementary References to the 
 Course of Lectures upon Moral Philosophy, de- 
 livered before the Junior Class of the S. C. Col- 
 lege, by Rev. R. W. Barnwell. 
 
 LaBORDE. 
 
 History of the South Carolina College by Dr. M. 
 LaBorde. 
 
 LIEBER. 
 
 The Character of the Gentleman; by Dr. Francis 
 
 LlEBER. 
 
 RION. 
 
 Ladies' Southern Florist, by Mrs. James H. 
 
 RiON. 
 
 THOMAS. 
 
 The Carolina Tribute to Calhoun, edited by 
 Prof. J. P. Thomas. 
 
 WILLIAMS. 
 
 Treatise on Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, 
 by Prof. M. J. Williams. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 
 
 OF 
 
 BOOKS PUBLISHED BY P. B. GLASS, 
 
 (SUCCESSOR TO R. L. BRYAN,) 
 Columbia, S. €. 
 
 History of the South Carolina College, 
 
 From its incorporation, December 19, 1801, to No- 
 vember 25, 1857. Including Sketches of its 
 Presidents and Professors. With an Appen- 
 dix containing a brief history of the Soci- 
 eties of the College, a complete list of the 
 Trustees, Presidents, Professors, Tutors, Treas- 
 urers, Librarians, and Alumni — from 1801 to 
 1858 — as well as a record of the honors awarded 
 from the period of the fivst commencement to the 
 commencement of 1858, inclusive. By Maxa- 
 MiLLiAN LaBorde, M. D., Professor of Meta- 
 physics, Logic, and Rhetoric, South Carolina 
 College. 1 vol., 8vo. Price, muslin^ $2; half 
 calf, $3.50. 
 
 Extract from the Author's Preface. 
 
 5i« * * * a I haye endeavored to trace it from 
 its beginning to a very recent period ;^ to give the 
 story of its trials, its reverses, and its triumphs. 
 Nothing important to the truth of history has been 
 suppressed. I might have sketched a more beautiful 
 and attractive picture, which would have been looked 
 upon with a higher pride and admiration. * * * 
 
iv PUBLICATIONS OF P. B. GLASS. 
 
 It would not have been the history of the College, and 
 truth would have been sacrificed to taste and senti- 
 ment. But the College will not sufi'er by such an ex- 
 posure. >H * * * -^Q feeling of modesty shall 
 constrain me from saying, that from the first day of 
 its existence to the present moment, no body of young 
 men assembled for a similar purpose in any of the In- 
 stitutions of the country, have been freer from irregu- 
 larities, exhibited a higher honor and a nobler virtue, 
 reflected more credit upon the Alma Mater, and vin- 
 dicated more clearly in future life their claim to the 
 respect and confidence of the public. 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 M'om the Wi7insbor6* Begiste)\ Mr. Davidson, Contributing 
 Editor. 
 
 "It claims to be — and very thoroughly and faithfully is — a 
 History of the South Carolina College. Our friends are aware 
 that we expected much at the hands of the biographer of our 
 mental mother — him at whose feet we sat in the days agone. 
 High as were these expectations, they have been fully met in the 
 volume before us. The spirit is genial and appreciative. The 
 work we consider an admirable contribution to the history of 
 education, an important section in the History of South Carolina, 
 and a valuable contribution to the bibliographical literature of 
 the State." 
 
 Fro77i The Courant. 
 
 "Dr. LaBorde's style is singularly chaste, while he yet avoids 
 the fault of dryness, but no glow of imagination, or flush of fancy, 
 can betray him into meretricious ornament, or the splendida vitia 
 of even some of our best writers. * * * The mere matter 
 of collecting facts, marshalling dates, putting down numbers and 
 arranging names, is not the object of this volume. Upon these 
 dry bones he has breathed a living spirit, and the History of the 
 College passes before us, on these pages, like some splendid pauo- 
 
PUBLICATIONS OF P. B. GLASS. 
 
 rama. We shall not say that the dead seem alive again, but that 
 we see them in the most perfect representation ; standing out in 
 vivid columns like some of the best woi'd-painting of Livy or 
 Lord Macaulay," 
 
 From the Cheraw Gazette. 
 
 " If Professor LaBorde was never to write another paragraph, 
 this clothing of a comparatively barren and sterile subject in a 
 foliage rich in the variety of its beautiful and fascinating tints, 
 would establish his reputation as an author, as a historian, and as a 
 scholar, high up in the niche of the eminent." 
 
 From the Laurensville Herald. 
 
 " The author has placed all favorers of education in the State, 
 and especially the alumni of the College, under great obligations, 
 for the manner in which he has touched off the various struggles 
 and trials erf the College. This book is of interest to all." 
 
 From the Chester Standard. 
 
 '* It is written in a pleasant and entertaining style, and will be 
 enjoyed by thousands of eager admirers." 
 
 From the Anderson Gazette. 
 
 *' The History is faithfully traced. It is a book that every one 
 will find something of interest in." 
 
 Fro7n the Greenville Mountaineer. 
 
 "Dr. LaBorde has given to the public not only a historical 
 volume, but a very interesting book, one that will command the 
 attention of even those who never knew of the existence of the 
 College, while for those whose memories are linked with the insti- 
 tution, he has contributed a work of lasting interest." 
 
 From the Greenville Mountaineer^ contributed by B. F. Perry, 
 
 " The South Carolina College and the State of South Carolina 
 are under great obligations to Dr. LaBorde for his labors and 
 success in tracing, from its foundation up to the present time, the 
 history of this noble institution, and sketching, in such graphic 
 terms, its Presidents and Professors. These portraitures of 
 character are worthy of the pen of Plutarch. How beautifully it 
 gives the high and commanding character of the elociuent and 
 gifted MAXcr, the first and most revered President of the Col- 
 
VI PUBLICATIONS OF P. B. GLASS. 
 
 lege. How truthfully is told the life and character of the learned 
 utilitarian infidel, Cooper. * * * The sketch of Barnwell 
 is that of an accomplished scholar, statesman, patriot, gentleman 
 and Christian. The character of the brilliant, eloquent, generous 
 Preston, is drawn m terms which would do credit to the finest 
 sketches of Macaulay. The pure, virtuous and learned Henry, is 
 described with feelings which go to the heart of the reader, and 
 produce an admiration and sympathy for the man. The analysis 
 of the learning, chai-acter and mind of the wonderful Tuornwell, 
 displays surpassing ability as a writer and scholar. A just tribute 
 is well paid to the character of Dr. Lieber, whose mind, stored 
 with all learning, ancient and modern, has given himself a world- 
 wide fame. The character of Bishop Elliot is well drawn, noble 
 in person, noble in intellect, noble in every Christian virtue. The 
 sketch of the deeply lamented Nott is a lovely one. There are 
 many drawn with equal truth and beauty, who honored the Col- 
 lege as Professors, and who ai-e now honored by the charming 
 historian." 
 
 From the Spartanburg Express. 
 
 "In giving this work to the public. Dr. LaBorde has not only 
 added to his own reputation as a scholar and writer, but he has made 
 a most valuable contribution to the literature of his native State. 
 The composition of this book seems to have been to him a labor 
 of love, and we think we are not mistaken in saying that upon 
 no one could the task have been more appropriately devolved." 
 
 From the Darlington Flag. 
 
 " To the alumni of the College, to whom this work is dedicated, 
 it will be invaluable, while the great fund of information it con- 
 tains, the pure and graceful style in which it is written, and the 
 deep interest which the public has always manifested, in every- 
 thing connected with the institution, and the past history which it 
 records, will secure it a hearty welcome from the general reader." 
 
 From the Pee Dee Times. 
 
 " Every alumnus of our noble old State College, every student, 
 every friend of education in the State, will thank Dr. LaBorde 
 for writing a truthful, most reliable, and very interesting history 
 of the institution which, for more than fifty years, has been an 
 honor and blessing to South Carolina, * * * This history 
 should be in the library of every reading man who loves his 
 native land and her institutions." 
 
PUBLICATIONS OF P. B. GLASS. 
 
 From the Abbeville Banner. 
 " To recall to mind, as the author has done, the scenes which 
 make up the grand college drama, having a run of fifty years, 
 with the entire State as an audience, must have been a pleasant 
 task to the author, and we may venture the opinion that his labors 
 will be duly appreciated by the reading public." 
 
 From SotUhern Presbyterian Eeview, Dr. Geo. Howe, Editor. 
 
 "Dr. LaBorde has performed a very acceptable service to the 
 people of this State, to the friends of education and to the nume- 
 rous alumni of the South Carolina College— by the historical 
 work whose title is given above. Rarely have we ever read a 
 work of this character with greater zest. Partly, it may be owing 
 to the value we set upon this cherished institution, which has ac- 
 complished so much for the State, partly to our acquaintance with 
 the man who, for the last thirty years, has been numbered among 
 its instructors, and partly to the decided relish we profess to have 
 for compositions of this kind. Much honor is due to the skill 
 and judgment of the historian himself, and the easy and lively 
 style in which his work is written. There is enough of history to 
 enable us to follow the thread of events both as to the external 
 and interior state of the College, without that multiplicity of 
 detail which would weary and disgust. We are now amused with 
 the pranks of the students, now sympathise with the troubles in 
 which the government of the College is involved, and are always 
 interested in the biographical sketches, and the analysis of charac- 
 ter, which Dr. LaBorde has given of the several Professors and 
 Presidents, who have either been removed by death or have re- 
 signed the chairs they occupied for other pursuits. Some of them 
 passed away with the last generation, and are only remembered 
 by the few aged men who yet survive. Others were our cotempo- 
 raries, and some of these are yet among us. So with the histo- 
 ries of living men, or those just now departed, and gone forth to 
 the public, an estimate of their labors, and an analysis of their 
 character, was a matter at once delicate and difficult of execution. 
 Dr. LaBorde, conscious of the goodness of his intentions, has 
 gone forward boldly, and has striven to hold the balances with 
 an impartial hand." 
 
 Fro7}i Desoto's Review. 
 
 "Here is a work which will be prized by the numerous alumni 
 
 of the old South Carolina College, as by scholars throughout the 
 
 South. It is from the pen of the Professor of Metaphysics, 
 
 Logic and Rhetoric, and includes the whole period of the exis- 
 
 13 
 
Vlll PUBLICATIONS OF P. B. GLASS. 
 
 tence of the College from 1801 to date, giving an account of the 
 range of its studies, the lives of the Presidents, Professors 
 and more distinguished students, with catalogues of all the gradu- 
 ating classes, &c. Dr. LaBorde has accomplished his task with 
 much ability, and we could wish to see as much done for our 
 other institutions of learning." 
 
 From RusselVs Magazine^ {Contributed.) 
 
 " When a motion M^as made, in the Board of Trustees, that the 
 archives of the South Carolina College be placed at the disposal 
 of Dr. LaBorde, to facilitate his writing a history of the institu- 
 tion, we thought that the right thing was about to be done by the 
 right man. The occasional mention of the forthcoming volume, 
 in the columns of the Columbia press, and the significant hints 
 of the various gentlemen who stood in the confidential relation of 
 Macenas to the author, inspired us with fresh confidence, and we 
 were, therefore, not at all surprised at the high commendation 
 and universal applause, which has attended the consummation of 
 so worthy a book in so able a manner. When the press has 
 spoken at all it has spoken in terms of enthusiastic praise, and 
 from all parts of the State we have seen notices of it of the most 
 laudatory kind, under initials or pseudonymic, in which it was 
 easy to detect those well able and qualified to judge of its merits, 
 and whose information is a passport to fame. The author of the 
 portraits of Nott, and Preston, and Henry, has been compared to 
 Plutarch. His style is thought, in places, not inferior to Macau- 
 lay, and his weird power of word-painting to rival that master of 
 pictured prose, the immortal Livy. This is great praise. To put 
 one in mind of the most elegant Avriters of Greece, Rome and 
 Great Britain, is a compliment which should compensate an Amer- 
 ican writer for all the discouragements to which he is doomed in 
 the path of literature, and impose upon him with the exhibition 
 of a just pride, the obsei'vance of a chastened humility. We 
 regard it, then, as an approved verdict, that the History of the 
 South Carolina Collee;e has done infinite credit to its author, con- 
 ferred a lasting service upon the College, and added new lustre 
 to the literature of the South. 
 
 LaBorde's History of the South Carolina College 
 will be sent by Mail, to any part of the United States, 
 on the receipt of two dollars and thirty cents. Ad- 
 dress P. B. Glass, Publisher, Columbia, S. C. 
 
PUBLICATIONS OF P. B. GLASS. IX 
 
 The Carolina Tribute to Calhoun, 
 
 Edited by Prof. John P. Thomas, (of the State 
 Military Academy of South Carolina.) With 
 a superb Portrait, on steel, of John C. Calhoun, 
 and fac simile autograph. One handsome 8vo. 
 volume, 416 pp., clo., emb., Price, $2.00. 
 
 Extract from Editor'' s, Preface. 
 
 The present volume is commended to the people of 
 South Carolina with every confidence that it will be 
 accepted by them as a valued memento of the sad but 
 cherished past. Designed mainly to commemorate the 
 death of Calhoun, it embraces all the important inci- 
 dents, ceremonies and testimonials, connected with 
 that great event \ together with the several discourses, 
 addresses and orations, elicited from the full hearts of 
 admiring Carolinians. The death at Washington; 
 the meeting in the Senate Hall ; the removal home of 
 the mortal remains; the imposing demonstration at 
 Charleston ; the Cemetery of St. Philip's ; the plain 
 marble slab with its brief though expressive inscrip- 
 tion ; and then the solemn gathering of our people in 
 various quarters — these are the scenes which the vol- 
 ume depicts — these the recollections it revives. It 
 thus speaks forcibly to the heart — and, moreover, 
 presents a record of mingled love, admiration and 
 grief, such, we conceive, as has been vouchsafed to but 
 very few men. 
 
 Herein are contained the remarks in Congress of 
 distinguished Senators and Representatives; the Ser- 
 mon of the Chaplain of the Senate ; the Report of the 
 Committee of Twenty-five ; the Narrative of the Fune- 
 ral Honors at Charleston; the Message of Governor 
 Seabrook ; the Discourses of the Rev. Messrs. Barn- 
 well, Thornwell, Miles, Palmer and Smith ; and the 
 
Orations — instinct with tliouglit and feeling — of 
 Messrs. Allston, Coit, Henry, Wliyte, Porclier, Ham- 
 mond, Rliett and Porter. Nor must we omit to refer 
 to the resolutions of the Pennsylvania and New York 
 Legislatures, the proceedings of the New York Histori- 
 cal Society, and to other memorials of rare interest ; 
 all bearing the highest testimony to the virtues and 
 the services of our great statesman, and showing how 
 well the splendor of his public conduct accorded with 
 the stainless purity of his private life. 
 
 Precious, therefore, are the memories which this 
 volume embalms ; useful is the lesson it teaches ; and 
 deathless the spirit it excites. Filled with thoughts 
 of high import — with the sentiments both of laymen 
 and divines, its pages wear the chaste impress of 
 truth, and glow with the fire of genuine eloquence. 
 ImjDressively they tell of patriotism and noble self- 
 devotion ; of duty and its stern behests ; of greatness 
 and its large rewards; of laurels icon and cijprcss 
 scattered. 
 
 COMMENDATIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 From RusseWs Magazine. 
 
 "Prof. Thomf.s has done an essential service to tlie State, and 
 incidentally to history itself, in the compilation of this valuable 
 work." 
 
 From the Darlington Family Friend. 
 
 "It is a worthy tribute to the memory of the great Carolinian; 
 it should be found in the possession of every son of our State, 
 and be treasured by each as a priceless memorial of the immortal 
 statesman." 
 
 From the Camden Journal. 
 
 "It is a genuine tribute to exalted talent and great moral and 
 political worth." 
 
PUBLICATIONS- OF P. B. GLASS. xi 
 
 From the Charleston Evening News. 
 
 " It abounds in gems, speeches and orations, and contains a 
 largo body of historical and political matter, with which Mr. Cal- 
 houn had connection in his great and eventful life." 
 
 From the Charleston Mercury. 
 
 " We heartily thank the editor for his valuable labors in mak- 
 ing this collection." 
 
 From the Yorkville Enquirer. 
 
 "It is entirely a Southern work, Southern production and 
 Southern sentiment, and should adorn the library of every true 
 Southron." 
 
 From the Charleston Courier. 
 
 "The editor has given to the public a volume of 416 pages, of 
 closely printed matter, gathering, as it were, the scattered blocks, 
 hewn out and polished by the various artists, and piling with them 
 a noble literary and moral monument, to the memory and virtues 
 of the great and glorious dead." 
 
 Froyn the Abbeville Independent Press. 
 
 "The editor, as he states in his preface, has not aspired to 
 authorship, but has contented himself with merely arranging in a 
 fitting casket the choice gems of others, and he has executed his 
 task with great taste and judgment. He has erected a monument 
 more enduring than the sculptured marble or monumental pile, 
 and which will more effectually embalm the life, the character,' 
 the genius and public services of the great Calhoun, in the grate- 
 ful memory of his admiring countrymen. 
 
 " Apart from its intrinsic merits, the work should be in the 
 hands of every Carolinian, as an enduring record of the man 
 whom we all delight to honor; and particularly should it be 
 prized by the citizens of the district which gave him birth, where 
 his memory is most cherished, and where his genius, character 
 and public services have ever received a due appreciation." 
 
 The Carolina Tribute to Calhoun will be sent by 
 Mail, to any part of the United States, on receipt of 
 two dollars and thirty cents. Address P. B. Glass, 
 Publisher, Columbia, S. C. 
 
Xll PUBLICATIONS OF P. B. GLASS. 
 
 A History of Upper South Carolina. 
 
 By John H. Logan, A. M. In which is presented 
 a lively narrative of events, in connection with 
 many Living- Names and Present Scenes, from the 
 period of its being first penetrated by the White 
 Man to the close of the War of Independence. 
 Two vols., 12mo., 600 pp., - - $3.00 
 
 The Character of the Gentleman. 
 
 An Address to the Students of 3Iiami University, 
 Ohio, on the evening before Commencement Day, 
 in August, 1846. By Francis Lieber, LL. D., 
 Prof, of History, Columbia College, New York ; 
 late Prof, of Political Philosophy and Economy 
 in South Carolina College. Second and enlarged 
 edition, 12mo. Cloth, 75 cents ; paper 50 cents. 
 
 A Manual of Supplementary References 
 
 To the Course of Lectures upon 3Ioral Philosophy, 
 delivered before the Junior Class of the South 
 Carolina College, by Rev. Robert W. Barn- 
 well, Prof of 3Ioral Philosophy, Sacred Litera- 
 ture, and Evidences of Christianity. 8vo., half- 
 mor., $1.75 
 
 Williams' Trigonometry. 
 
 Elements of Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, pre- 
 pared for Schools and Colleges, By Prof. Mat. 
 J. Williams, late of the South CaroHua College. 
 12mo., sheep., 75 
 
PULICATIONS OF P. B. GLASS. XIU 
 
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 Pressley's Law of Magistrates. One volume, octavo. 
 
 — ALSO, — 
 
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 The Law and Equity Reports of South Carolina. 
 
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 The Hireling and the Slave, Chicora, and other Poems ; by 
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 Miller's Compilation, $3. 
 
 The Country ; by Wm. J. Grayson. Cloth, 50 cts. ; gilt, 75 cts. 
 
 Historical Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society. 
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 and descriptions ; Envelope and Wrapping Papers ; also Flat pji- 
 pers of all sizes, and is prepared to manufacture BLANK BOOKS 
 to anv pattern, at short notice. Envelopes in numberless variety 
 and of the best quality. He has also procured a STAMPING 
 MACHINE, and is prepared to stamp any name or seal upon 
 paper or envelopes. Wedding Cards and Envelopes furnished, 
 engraved, printed or written to order. 
 
 Artists, Architects and Draughtsmen will find a complete stock 
 of materials for their use. Drawing Paper in sheets and rolls ; 
 Bristol Boards, Pastel Paper and Boards, all colors. Sketching 
 Blocks and Books, Oil Canvas, Oil Paper, Mathematical Instru- 
 ments, Pencils, Scales, Oil Colors and tubes, Water Colors in 
 cakes and boxes. Brushes, Pallettes and Knives, Easels and 
 Stretchers, Oil, Varnishes, Drawing Pens, TacIvS, &c. Gilt and 
 Rosewood Mouldings. Frames made to order at short notice. 
 
 Also, a fine stock of Paintings, Oil Prints, Engravings, Litho- 
 graphs,' colored and plain. Stereoscopes and Views, Globes, 
 Writing Desks, Portfolios, Musical Instruments, Strings for Violin 
 and Guitar of the first quality. 
 
 Csitlerv of the best manufacture, Shefiield Knives, Razors, 
 Srrrps, &c. ; Inks — black, blue and carmine, Indellible and Copy- 
 ing ; bopyiii- I'resscs and their accompaniments, Mucilage, 
 Chess and Backgammon Men and Boards, in great variety. 
 
 Fancy Articles too numerous to mention. 
 
 Arrangements having been made, he will obtain to order any 
 book published in America or Europe. All new publications 
 received as soon as issued, and sold at publisher's prices. 
 
 Wholesale Purchasers, Schools and Libraries supplied. Special 
 attention given to all orders. Address 
 
 P. B. GI.4SS, 
 Successor to R. L. BRYAN, 
 175 Richardson Street, 
 
 Columbia, S. C. 
 
PUBLICATIONS OF P. B. GLASS. 
 
 Blin Fi 11 WMl ill m flElD. 
 
 FOR SALE BY P. B. GLASS. 
 
 The American Cattle Doctor, by Gr. H. Dodd, 
 
 M. D., $1 00 
 
 The Field Book of Manures, by D. Jay Brown, 1 25 
 
 Sheep Husbandry, by Henry S. Randall 1 25 
 
 The Farmer at Home, by John L. Blake 1 25 
 
 Allen on the Culture of the drape 1 00 
 
 Johnston's Agricultural Chemistry 1 25 
 
 The American Poultry Yard, by D. J. Browne, 1 00 
 
 The Orchard, With colored plates 8 00 
 
 The xlmerican Fruit Culturist, illustrated 1 25 
 
 Youatt on the Horse $1 50 1 25 
 
 " " Pig 1 25 
 
 " " Sheep 75 
 
 '' " Dog, $1 50 1 25 
 
 Buist's Family Kitchen Gardener 75 
 
 Stephens' Book of the Farm, 2 vols 4 00 
 
 Allen's American Farm Book.. 1 00 
 
 Hand Books of Rural and Domestic Economy, 
 as follows : The Hive and Hone}^ Bee, Do- 
 mestic Fowls, the Horse, Hogs, the Rose, the 
 the Pests of the Farm, Essay on Manures, 
 
 the Bird Fancier, the Cow, &c., each 25 
 
 Mason's Farming and Stud Book, by J. S. 
 
 Skinner 1 00 
 
 Ornamental and Domestic Poultry, by Dixon & 
 
 Kerr 1 00 
 
 The Fruit, Flower and Kitchen Garden, by S. 
 
 Neill, LL. D 1 25 
 
PUBLICATIONS OF P. B. GLASS. XVll 
 
 Downing — Fruit and Fruit Trees of America... 1 25 
 
 '^ Landscape Gardening 3 50 
 
 " Country House 4 00 
 
 The Fruit Garden, by P. Barns 1 25 
 
 Buist's Bose Manual 75 
 
 " American Flower Garden 1 25 
 
 Loudon on Gardening 8 00 
 
 '' Encyclopoedia of Agriculture 8 00 
 
 The Muck Manual, by S. L. Dana 1 00 
 
 Buist's American Flower Garden Directory 1 25 
 
 Ladies' Southern Florist, or every Lady her own 
 Flower Culturist, by Mary C. Rion ; a supe- 
 rior work, and complete Flower Garden Com- 
 panion and Directory 1 00 
 
 Kemp on Landscape Gardening 2 00 
 
 Paxton's Botanical Dictionary 7 00 
 
 American Weeds and LTseful Plants 1 50 
 
 The Wheat Plant, &c., by J. K. Kleppart 1 50 
 
 Domestic Fowls 25 
 
 Cranford on Sheep 50 
 
 Saxton's Rural Hand Books, 2 vols 3 00 
 
 Field Sports, by Frank Forrester, 2 vols 4 00 
 
 Stable and Table Talk 1 00 
 
 The American Angler's Guide 1 50 
 
 Norton's Elements of Scientific Agriculture 60 
 
 Field's Pear Culture 75 
 
 Sorgho and Imphee 1 00 
 
 The Cotton Planter's Manual, by J. A. Turner 1 00 
 
 Pardee on Strawberry Culture 60 
 
 Munn's Practical Land Drainer 50 
 
 Flint on Grasses 1 25 
 
 " Milch Cows 1 50 
 
 Warner on Hedges and Evergreens 1 00 
 
 J8@^ Besides the above mentioned, a large stock of 
 Agricultural, Horticultural, and Floricultural Works 
 are kept constantly on hand. 
 
The Ladies' Southern Florist. 
 
 By Mary C. Rion, of Winnsboro', S. C. 1 vol., 
 12mo., handsome embossed cloth. Price, $1. 
 Columbia : Published by P. B. Glass. 
 
 Extract from the AutJwrs Pre/ace. 
 The Author of this volume, desiring a book on 
 Flower Gardening which might be adapted to the 
 South, and, at the same time, written in such a man- 
 ner as to be intelligible to one not 2i j^ro/essioncd Florist^ 
 was unable to find any work answering either of these 
 requisites. After procuring such works on Flowers as 
 were accessible, I commenced making memorandums 
 of such information as I found in these, by observation, 
 to be suited to our climate — making such modifications, 
 corrections and additions as my experience suggested. 
 These memorandums I enlarged by inquiries made of 
 practical flower-garden icorkmen, and by hints derived 
 solely from my own practice. 
 
 From the YorkvUle Enquirer^ July 19, Mr. Davidson, Con- 
 tributing Editor. 
 "It deals in actualities — not in sentimentalities about roses, 
 loves, angels and such stuff, of the fashionable poets. It tells in 
 plain language how to plant flowers, when and where ; how to 
 dig, trench, hoe, manure, prune and water the flowers ; how to 
 kill bugs, caterpillars and worms ; how to manage cuttings, bud- 
 dings, and hundreds of other similar things. There is fifty times 
 as much common sense in this little book on flowers — on Sotithern 
 flowers, be it remembered — as we have ever seen in anything of 
 the kind. We have gone ourself to the books for facts on flow- 
 ers, and we speak from our observation. The books are far too 
 ambitious — they are up in the skies of science, in the clouds of 
 sentiment, but never down in the soil of practical facts. We 
 have seen volumes read upon some favorite but sickly climber, 
 which, meanwhile, died very quietly; all for want of some sim- 
 ple home truth too humble for the books, but which you can find 
 given in unmistakable language here in Mrs. Rion's 'Southern 
 Florist.' " 
 
 The "Florist" will be sent to any address, free of 
 postage, on receipt of $1. 
 
11 
 m 
 
 ^^m 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 DDDDTl'^SflTt.