^JJttM Book._.. Copyright N?_ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS AN EXPLANATORY STATEMENT AND GUIDE FOR CIJENTS AND OTHERS INTERESTED IN U. S. and Foreign Patents TRADE MARKS, COPYRIGHTS AND SIMILAR EXCLUSIVE PRIVILEGES BY WM. H. BABCOCK & SON 802 F Street. N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. washington, d. c. Beresford, Printer, 605 f st. 1914 Copyright 1914 WM. H. BABCOCK & SON Author and Proprietor MAR 26 1314 ©CI.A371087 THIS BOOK WILL BE FOUND TO BE SHORT ON PICTURES, BUT LONG ON INFORMATION— ITS REAL OBJECT. IT HAS BEEN COMPILED WITH THE SINCERE BELIEF AND DESIRE THAT IT MAY PROVE OF USE AND VALUE TO INVENTORS AND OTHERS INTERESTED IN PATENT MAT- TERS. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. PAGE Abandoned application, Revival of 27 Advantages of Washington Attorney 9 Advantages of Trade-Mark Registration 22 Agreements for Assignment of Patents 45 Application, The 16 Application, what may be included in 19 Applying, after Foreign Application 20 Application for Trade-Mark consists of 23 Application, Course and Treatment of 28 Appeals 29 Argentine Republic 50 Art Searches 37 Arbitration, in Interference Practice, Canada 39 Assignment of Patents 21 and 45 Assignments of Trade-Marks 44 Australia 50 Austria 50 Be your own Salesman 46 Belgium 50 Bolivia 50 Brazil 50 British Guiana 51 British Honduras 51 Cancellation of Trade-Marks, U. S 31 Caveats, U. S 21 Caveats, Canada 42 Chili 51 Correspondence, Record, Value of 10 Clients, Suggestions to 10 Conditions to Grant of Patent 15 Claims, The 18 Cost of U. S. Patent 20 Cost of Trade-Mark Registration 23 Cost of Registering Print or Label 24 Copyrights 24 Course to be Followed 12 Canadian Patents 24 Compulsory License, Canada 43 VI INDEX. PAGE Copies of U. S. Patents 43 Colombia 51 Costa Rica 51 Cuba 51 Drawings, The 18 Denmark 51 Design Patents, U. S 21 Duration of U. S. Trade-Mark Protection . . 23 Denmark 51 Duration of Trade-Mark Protection 23 Ecuador 51 Extension of Time for Importation and Manufacture, Canada 40 Finland 51 Foreign Application, Applying after 20 Foreign Applicant for Trade-Mark Registration 23 Forfeited Cases, Renewal of 26 Foreign Patents, Cost of 49 Foreign Representatives and Policy, Our 49 Foreign Patents, Data as to Countries 50 France and Colonies 51 Generosity to Foreigners 47 Germany 52 Great Britain 52 Guatemala 52 Holland 52 Honduras 52 Importation into Canada 40 Importation into Canada, Extension of Time for. 40 Interferences, U. S. Patents 30 Interferences, U. S. Trade-Marks 31 Infringement Suits , '.'. 32 Infringement Searches ... 35 Information, General Searches 37 Industrial Designs, Canada 41 India . . , 52 Italy 52 Jamaica 53 Japan 53 INDEX. Vll PAGE Letters of Appreciation 63 Letters from Lawyers 66 Letters from Manufacturers 71 Letters from Other Inventors and Clients 80 Manufacture in Canada, Extension 40 Manufacture it 46 Mexico 53 Models 19 New Zealand 53 Nicaragua 53 Notice of Intention to Apply in Canada 38 Norway 53 Objects of Trade-Mark Registration 22 Our Qualifications and Policy 59 Oppositions, U. S. Trade-Marks 31 Panama 53 Patents, Conditions to Grant of 15 "Patent Pending" or "Patent Applied for" 42 Patented Articles, Marking 43 Patent Salesman 46 Peru 54 Portugal 54 Prints and Labels '. 24 Prosecution of Rejected U. S, and Canada Cases 25 Preliminary Searches 34 Reward, The Inventor's 13 Rejected Cases, Prosecution of 25 Renewal of Forfeited Applications 26 Revival of Abandoned U. S. Applications 27 Revival of Abandoned Applications, Canada 39 Reissues of U. S. Patents 71 Reissues, Canada 39 Rejected Applications (Canada), Prosecution of 39 Roumania 54 Russia 54 Salvador 54 Santo Domingo 54 Searches 34 Searches in Arts Generally 37 Secret use 47 Spain 54 Specification, The 17 VU1 INDEX. PAGE Suggestions to Clients 10 Sweden 55 Trade-Marks, U. S 22 Trade-Mark Application, U. S., Consists of 23 Trade-Marks, Canada 41 Trade-Marks, Notice of Registration 44 Time Required to Obtain U. S. Patents 42 Title Searches 35 United States Patent, What it is 14 Uruguay 55 Validity Searches 35 Venezuela 55 Warning as to Unsafe and Delusive Methods 55 Washington Attorney's Advantages 9 What is my Invention Worth 45 When Application May be Made 48 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. A WASHINGTON ATTORNEY'S ADVANTAGES lie in the fact that he can avoid loss of time in the mails in correspondence. Sometimes more than a week is consumed each way, whereas a Washington attorney often receives the Office letter the day it is written and may promptly amend the case, without delay in the mails. Saving of time means a saving of money, a profit. Our chief advantages however, are, first, that we may, when it seems wise, go across the street and see an Examiner in a particular case and orally point out to him briefly and con- cisely the distinctions between the elements of the claims and the references cited, at the same time getting more fully his point of view, and then make alterations, if desirable, to meet it, thus greatly expediting the matter, without any traveling expenses or charge to the client for time spent in traveling; second, we are enabled by a walk across the street, to make our own preliminary, title, validity, &c, searches, not delegating this to others, who might prove incompetent or unscruplous. These advantages are well recognized by out-of-town patent attorneys and patent law firms, many of whom have their Washington representative or associate to whom they dele- gate most of their searching and much of their prosecution work, appeals, interferences and work of like nature. In fact we act as Washington associates for quite a number of such firms and attorneys. In view of these advantages of the Washington attorney it would seem wisest, cheapest, most expeditious and by far the safest course to entrust your case in the first instance to a good, reliable Washington patent law firm rather than to some attorney out of Washington who would have to delegate the searching to a Washington associate, and very often the prose- io BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. cution of the case. It is not uncommon that they delegate everything, the searching, preparation and prosecution of the application to their Washington associate. THE VALUE OF A CORRESPONDENCE RECORD. Rule 4 of the Patent Office Rules of Practice states that " The personal attendance of applicants is unnecessary. Their business can be transacted by correspondence." This rule has worked to the utmost satisfaction. Similarly, we have found it to work as well with our out-of-town clients to whom we have rendered the same services for many years with as good results as to our local clients. Also, it should be noted that a correspondence system estab- lishes a record, so that in case of contest, &c, the early letters, sketches, descriptions, &c, in regard to any particular inven- tion will prove of prime importance in establishing the earliest date of conception and reduction to practice, and in this way of vital value, in many cases, to the client. OUR POLICY. We do not advise a man to patent everything that he may possibly invent, for some inventions are such small improve- ments and of so little value that they would not be worth the cost of patenting. However, we do advise everyone who has made an invention to which he attaches importance or thinks it likely to pay him to patent it at once, thus, as far as pos- sible, preventing somebody else from cutting in ahead of him. If some one else does get in ahead, the real inventor will not only lose his rights, BUT the first party will be able to sue the inventor and get damages from him if the inventor uses the invention ! The only way that the inventor could prevent this would be by a long and costly legal pro- ceeding — and the outcome would be doubtful, with the odds against him. SUGGESTIONS TO CLIENTS. 1. Act promptly in all matters pertaining to inventions, trade-marks or other similar privileges to which you attach importance. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 1 1 2. In writing, no matter how often, please be sure to give your full first name, your residence and Post Office address ; also enclose stamp for reply and refer to the last business with us, so that we may please you instantly. All corre- spondence is in the name of the firm WM. H. BABCOCK & SON. Please address your letters accordingly. 3. In sending instructions send the proper remittance called for, in the form of bank-drafts, money orders, checks, &c, payable to WM. H. BABCOCK & SON. 4. Whenever you think we have not treated you fairly we should appreciate it if you would write us fully and explain it. It is to our interest to satisfy you and our aim to do so. 5. All business is, of course, strictly confidential. We can- not tell one client about another client's business without written authority from the latter. 6. As soon as the case is filed in the Patent Office the applicant is protected against the grant, without his knowl- edge, of a patent for the same thing to another person. 7. Anyone may obtain a patent. 8. A United States patent is granted for 17 years and it remains in full force and effect for that period, whether worked or not. 9. A sole inventor cannot apply jointly with his financial backer or partner, but the latter may be protected by an assignment recorded simultaneously with the filing of the application. Likewise, joint inventors cannot apply separately. 10. Postage and expressage on all models, &c, must be prepaid. 11. Models, sketches and correspondence relating to the invention should be preserved. They become of vital im- portance in case of interference. Fix the date on them. Have your picture taken with the model and dated. It is important to have evidence to prove the earliest date of conception. 12. After an application has once been filed, nothing, not shown in the drawings or described in the specification there- of, can be added. The Patent Office absolutely will not permit amendments of this nature to be made at any stage of the case. 13. In sending model, sketch or photographs of your in- 12 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. vention please accompany the same by a good, clear and full description (see preliminary searches). This will greatly ex- pedite matters and save unnecessary correspondence. 14. Please carefully read over all application papers before executing them. 15. A careful reading of this pamphlet will save time and much correspondence— and we will not have to repeat in a lettter information clearly and concisely set forth herein. COURSE TO BE FOLLOWED. After you have completed your invention send us the data for a preliminary search, together with the remittance of $5.00 (see preliminary searches). If this shows the device to be new you should then instruct us, sending the required remittance, to prepare the applica- tion papers. If such search should show the device to be old the copies of patents sent may suggest some alterations or modifications that may avoid them. After such alterations and modifications have been made the device should be re- searched, sending the necessary remittance and data. Should this prove to be new the course then would be to instruct us to prepare the papers, as above. After we have prepared these papers we will forward them for execution, with instructions. After execution they are to be returned to us for filing, together with a remittance of the balance of all fees, excepting the final government fee, which may be paid after allowance. In the usual simple case of 1 sheet of drawings and 1,000 words of specification matter, &c, the amount to be paid before filing is $50, including the first government fee, the drawing and our fee for preparing the application. After using a trade-mark on goods in interstate commerce you should send us a specimen, with statement of exact goods used on, and remittance of $5.00 (see preliminary searches), instructing us to make a search to see if it has been pre- empted by another, before you go to the expense of applying for registration. A preliminary search is generally not desirable in print, label and copyright cases. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 13 Should you after receiving our report and copies of the nearest references found, decide to proceed with the U. S. application it would seem wise to consider foreign applica- tions at the same time, especially Canada, for the sooner your application is filed in each country the safer are your interests therein. The reason we suggest Canada especially is that it is set- tled by much the same race of people, the same language is spoken, it is a next-door neighbor and very accessible, their problems are much the same as ours, many people from the States have gone to all parts of Canada and are engaged in the various manufacturing arts, industries and professions ; many large corporations, &c, of the U. S. have established branches in Canada; there are a number of large and growing cities, and the people generally are much the same as here, wide-awake, aggressive and energetic, ready to take up any- thing new that holds out a promise of a reasonable profit. These conditions have long been recognized by U. S. in- ventors, as will appear from the fact that for the last twenty years or more over 70 per cent, of the Canadian patents have been granted to U. S. inventors. Because of the rapid growth of Canada and the large in- crease in its population, industries, &c, of late years, and in view of the fact that the rate of growth of the population, industries, branches of U. S. concerns, &c, increases steadily with each year, the reasons for obtaining patent protection in Canada are much greater than in former years, and Canadian patents should now be almost equal in value to the corre- sponding U. S. patents. THE INVENTOR'S REWARD. A patent is a monopoly granted by a government for a limited time to make, use and sell an invention; in most for- eign countries with the condition that it be worked within a certain period and that certain annual fees be paid. A monopoly is usually considered antagonistic to the public welfare, and so there must be some strong reason for it. If no protection of inventions were granted, as soon as a 14 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. meritorious and highly valuable invention were made, anyone could use it. Thus there would be no inducement to inventors and the industries and civilization would suffer accordingly, having none of the comforts and conveniences, and none of the time, money and labor-saving devices that are now so common in all industries and walks of life. To stimulate invention, therefore, it became necessary to provide some reward for the inventor, and none is so fair, elastic and automatically adjustable to all cases as the patent monopoly for a limited period, whether the invention be very valuable or one of little importance ; for if it be very valuable there will be a public demand for it, a large market, and the inventor may either derive his compensation by making a very large profit on each article, or by making a small profit on each article and selling them in great numbers. Thus the reward or profit may always be in proportion to the im- portance of the invention or improvement. UNITED STATES PATENT— WHAT IT IS. A United States patent is a monopoly granted for 17 years, giving the right, subject to prior patents and the state of the art, to make, use and sell the invention and to prevent any other person from making, using or selling the invention, or any such modification thereof as comes within the scope of the claims, within the United States. They are granted under the authority of the Federal Consti- tution : Art. I, Sec. 8, " The Congress shall have power to promote the progress of Science and the Useful Arts by securing for limited times to Authors and Inventors the Exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries." The sole object of all patent laws enacted by the Congress of the United States under this Constitutional provision has been to encourage invention by the means therein mentioned. The prime condition to the grant of a patent is that the device must be new and useful. To determine this the in- ventor should have a Preliminary Search made by us before proceeding with his patent application, thus saving the expense thereof, if it should prove to be old. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 1 5 A patent may be obtained for a new article of manufacture, a machine, a composition of matter or a process of manu- facturing, &c. Many inventions are patented in which are shown structures closely resembling previous known devices, and such patents are sustained as valid. The reason is apparent. If the old device is not perfect in construction and operation there is room for improvement, and slight changes often bring suc- cess out of failure; and no matter how slight may be the apparent difference, if it really exists it is proper subject- matter for a patent. The " exclusive right," that is, the right to prevent others from making, using or selling the invention, is to be enforced by a suit in the Federal District Courts, when infringed, and is appealable therefrom to the proper Circuit Court of Ap- peals and in rare instances may reach the U. S. Supreme Court. Such a suit is known as an infringement suit. A U. S. patent may be worked or not, as desired, without penalty. Many of our clients have found that by certain new machines they have constructed they can reduce the cost of production of their specialty and have made only a few of these machines for use in their factories. This is perfectly legitimate and a common and well-known manner in which to gain reward for the patent. It is evident that by such course they can sell their product at a reduction, that is, undersell their competitors, and still make their old profit on each article and at the same time increase their number of sales, thus getting ample compensation for their initiative and inventive skill. CONDITIONS TO GRANT OF PATENT. In addition to the condition that the device must be New and Useful it is also required that it must, of course, be Operative, and that the inventor must file in the Patent Office an application in writing clearly disclosing the invention and the manner and process of making, constructing, compound- ing and using it; in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art or science to which it appertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to 16 BABCOCK'S BQOK FOR INVENTORS. make, construct, compound, and use the same ; and in the case of a machine the principle and the best mode in which it is contemplated to apply that principle shall be explained, so as to distinguish it from other inventions ; and the applicant shall PARTICULARLY POINT OUT AND DISTINCTLY CLAIM THE PART, IMPROVEMENT, OR COMBINA- TION WHICH HE CLAIMS AS HIS INVENTION OR DISCOVERY. Where admissible the applicant shall accom- pany this by a drawing illustrating the invention so applied, and in all cases the applicant must append an oath or affirma- tion setting forth, among other matters, that he invented the device so set forth and claimed. These papers must be accom- panied by the first government fee, $15 at present. The reason for such disclosure is obvious. The grant of the patent is for a limited time. After the expiration of such period the invention becomes the property of the public, and it is essential that any person skilled in the art may be able, from such description, to make and use the subject-matter thereof. Otherwise the public would gain nothing, and the object of the patent laws, and the Constitutional provision under which they were enacted would be defeated. Therefore, unless the description, hereinafter given its technical name " specification," is so clear and concise as to admit of this the patent will be void. THE APPLICATION. Is composed of a petition, the specification, touched on above, the claims, an oath, a drawing where the nature of the case will permit, and the first government fee, all men- tioned above. As soon as the application is filed, provided it is complete in every essential, it constitutes a constructive reduction to practice. This is of great importance in case someone else is trying to get a patent for the same thing at about the same time. By reason of the fact that no matter not shown or de- scribed in the application as originally filed can thereafter be added, it is apparent that the application as filed will determine the greatest breadth to which the patent can be con- BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 17 strued. Considering this, it is apparent that the preparation of the specification, claims and drawing are matters of vital importance to the inventor, as upon them the patent must stand or fall. To show the importance of these parts of the application we shall briefly describe each. A. — THE SPECIFICATION. The specification is the KEY-Stone of the patent, for on it the remaining portions must rest for support. This speci- fication, as stated under CONDITIONS TO GRANT OF PATENT, must be so clear and concise as to enable anyone skilled in the art to which the invention appertains to make and use the same. If by reason of unskillful preparation, ambiguous wording, insufficiency of description, &c, due to lack of experience in patent matters, hurry or indifference, the specification be so vague that this cannot be done after the patent has expired it would be impossible to determine the value or scope of the claims and the patent would fall completely. The preparation of the specification is therefore of vital importance and should be prepared only by one with a high degree of training in this specialty and with the desire to give the best that is in him. It appears easy to describe an invention, yet a large number of patents are declared void by reason of a faulty specification. The ablest legal practitioners having no special acquaintance with patents do not attempt to prepare a specification. They tacitly admit their inability in patent matters, though they be authorities on other legal matters. We receive and prepare patent applications from many such attorneys, who desire to protect their client's interests and entrust us with the preparation of the papers, &c. The Patent Office recognizes the importance of care in preparing the application and advises all applicants and in- ventors not familiar with patent matters to employ competent counsel, and before anyone can be admitted to practice before the Patent Office as an attorney he must satisfy the require- ments of the Office, when he will be entered on the Roster of Attorneys and given a registration number. No one, not 2 18 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. so registered, can act before the Patent Office. as an attorney for any inventor. B. — THE CLAIMS. The claims are the vital part of the patent. They define what the inventor claims as his invention, and no claim will be infringed by any device which does not have all the ele- ments or equivalents called for therein. Thus, it is apparent that the fewer elements a claim has, the broader will be its scope, and thus the protection secured by it against imitators, &c, will be greater. For instance, a claim describing the invention in every minor detail — " a picture claim" — is of no real value in the way of protection, except in very highly developed arts, because it is very easily avoided by modifying the construction in minor details and yet the results obtained will be as good or better. The claims must each be complete in itself and must de- scribe an operative device. Where any doubt as to meaning arises the specification is to be referred to to determine the exact meaning and the claim is to be construed in accordance therewith. However, a claim can never, in construing it in relation to the specification or otherwise, be given a broader meaning than is found within its exact wording, though a claim may, by reason of the prior art, &c, be restricted. The reason is obvious : in the first instance it is sought to extend the right granted, thus encroaching on the right of the public, while in the latter case some of the right claimed is abandoned to the public. What has been said as to care in regard to the preparation of the specification applies with much greater force with re- gard to the drawing of the claims. It has been often said that it requires over five years' very thorough experience to draw a satisfactory claim. C.—THE DRAWINGS The drawings form an important part of the application and patent in article, machine, &c, patents and in composi- tion and process patents where the invention is capable of BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 19 illustration, for they must show very clearly and " rapidly" the construction of the invention in the best contemplated mode of applying the same and its operation. The drawing, as a general rule, must be so clear that the invention can be understood therefrom, without reference to the specification. In addition to this it must be made in India ink, on a cer- tain sized sheet of Bristol board with a certain sized " sight," leaving a space at the top for the heading, and it must be shaded in accordance with the requirements of the Office. The views of the drawing must be of such size as to clearly show the construction and must be so taken as to clearly show the construction and operation with the least number of such views. In view of the requirements and the purpose of the draw- ings, it takes an artist skilled in this particular branch of drafting to make a satisfactory drawing, and the Office recog- nizes this in advising applicants " to employ competent artists to make their drawings." We use the utmost care in selecting our draftsmen and employ only those who we know are competent to deal fully and artistically with the matter in consideration. MODELS. Are not now required by the Patent Office unless specifi- cally called for by the Examiner during the pendency of the application. As a matter of fact we find that they are re- quired in very few cases indeed, though in many cases it is an advantage to have them to show and explain to the Ex- aminer, even though not required by him, in case any hitch arise. However, unless already constructed, they may well wait until we request them. WHAT MAY BE INCLUDED IN AN APPLICATION. Only one invention may be protected in an application, excepting where- the operation (o£ the one invention is de- pendent on the operation of another. Thus, if the inventions are capable of use separately they must be embodied in sepa- rate applications, likewise the preferred form of an invention 20 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. and a modified form cannot both be claimed specifically in the one application, though the preferred form may be claimed specifically and the modified form may be covered by the gen- eral terms of another claim, provided, of course, that the state of the art is such that it will permit of the use of such general or broad terms in the latter claims. As a general rule, however, where much importance is attached to the modified form it is wise to file an application for, and to thus specifically protect, it also. THE COST OF A U. S. PATENT. The first government fee in every case is $15, payable on filing, and the final government fee, payable any time within six months after allowance, is $20. Our fee for preparing the application papers, including 1 sheet of drawing and 1,000 words of specification and claim matter is $30. For every additional sheet of drawing the charge ranges from $5 to $15, depending on the work involved and for any excess over the 1,000 words we charge at the rate of 50 cents per 100 words. Of course in those rare, but highly complex, in- ventions the question of time would have to enter more defi- nitely into the equation and the charge would have to be greater, but in the majority of cases the above definite rates would apply. In paying in the final fee we make a slight charge of $1 for our time and trouble in filling out the blanks, postage, &c. Our fee covers the preparation and filing of the application and the adjustment of technical difficulties that may arise in the Patent Office, but not the prosecution of an application rejected on prior patents or other anticipations. APPLYING AFTER FOREIGN APPLICATION. A foreign patent granted on an application filed more than twelve months before the U. S. application will be an abso- lute bar to the grant of a U. S. patent. But a patent may be granted where the U. S. application is filed within twelve months from the filing of the first foreign application, or on an application filed thereafter, provided no foreign application, BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 21 filed more than twelve months before the U. S. application, matures in patent before the grant of the U. S. patent. ASSIGNMENT OF PATENTS. An assignment is a deed or other writing transferring the entire title or an undivided part interest. A grant is a like document of transfer confined to some specified portion of the United States. Whatever relates to rights under a patent and is not an assignment or grant is a license, in a broad sense, as judicially defined. Our minimum charge for an assignment or grant, which should always be prepared with great care, is $5, including the government record fee. Charges for licenses, agreements and like documents depend largely on the time employed. U. S. DESIGN PATENTS are granted under the same authority as the mechanical, com- position, and process patents, for any new and ornamental design to be used on any article of manufacture, the term of patent being either 3>2 years, 7 years or 14 years, as first selected, but neither of the two first mentioned terms can be extended to the full term after the allowance, though they can before such action, on paying in the difference in gov- ernment fees. Our fee, including the government fee and drawing is : For S l /2 year design patent, $40 For 7 year design patent, $45 For 14 year design patent, $60 in each instance $20 to be remitted with instructions, the balance to be sent before filing. There is NO final fee. A preliminary search is desirable in this for the same rea- sons as in mechanical, &c, inventions, our charge in each instance being $5, and we should need a good, clear showing of the design. CAVEATS have been found of doubtful value in the United States and were abolished by Act of July 1, 1910. 22 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. U. S. TRADE-MARKS. The law of February 20th, 1905, and subsequent amend- ments thereto, govern at present as to the registration of trade- marks in the United States Patent Office. This law was en- acted in pursuance of the Constitutional provision giving Con- gress the power (Art. I, Sec. 8) " To regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several States and with the Indian tribes." In addition to the conditions set forth in this provision he must be the first user who has not abandoned it ; and the mark itself must not be either directly or indirectly descriptive, or geographical, or the flag or coat of arms of the United States, any State, or foreign nation; or the emblem or insignia of any fraternal organization or association. These inhibitions are qualified by the exception that any mark used exclusively for ten years preceding Feb. 20, 1905, by the applicant or his predecessors from whom title is derived, in commerce among the several States, with the Indian tribes, or with foreign nations, may be registered. OBJECTS. The main objects are to encourage legitimate merchants and others and to enable them to be known by their deeds and build up a large business, having their goods identified by their mark, and to prevent others from pirating their marks, from making inferior goods and trading on the legiti- mate merchants' reputation to the great damage of the latter, and to prevent the practice of fraud and deceit on the public. Thus the law has both the interests of the merchant or manu- facturer and of the public in view. ADVANTAGES. The chief advantages are that such registration enables the proprietor to sue an infringer in the Federal Courts and have him enjoined; that after an injunction has been granted it may be enforced by proceedings for contempt in any Fed- eral Court of the United States, avoiding a separate infringe- ment suit and the heavy cost thereof in each jurisdiction, as BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 23 in patent causes, should the infringer persist in his course. Other advantages are that the registration operates as prima- facie evidence of ownership; that the proprietor may recover profits and damages for such infringement; and that in prov- ing profits it shall be sufficient to prove the sales, the de- fendant being under the burden of showing the items of cost. FOREIGN APPLICANT. Where an applicant resides abroad he must first have reg- istered the mark in the country in which he resides, unless he has an establishment in the United States for manufactur- ing the articles on which the mark is used. THE APPLICATION CONSISTS OF a petition, statement, declaration, five specimen labels as actu- ally used and the government fee. DURATION. A trade-mark certificate of registration has a life of 20 years and may be renewed for an innumerable number of further terms of 20 years each. COST. Our charge for preparing and prosecuting a trade-mark application is $30, including the government fee, $10, and the drawing. This includes all prosecution before the Primary Examiner. There is NO final fee. Of this total of $30 a remittance of $20 should accompany your instructions, the remaining $10 to come with the papers when returned for filing after execution. In this also it would be well to have a preliminary examina- tion made to determine whether the mark has been pre- empted by another for the same class of goods. Our charge for such a search is $5, to accompany your instructions. In ordering this search it would be wisest to send us a specimen label. • 24 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. PRINTS AND LABELS are authorized by the Copyright Law of June 18th, 1874, en- acted under the provisions of Art. I, Sec. 8, of the Federal Constitution. A print is used for advertising purposes, such as newspaper advertisements, letter-heads, &c, but not upon the goods ; a label is used upon the goods. Both must have an artistic value and may be descriptive, but they must not be trade- marks. A print or label protects the general design, &c, but does not protect the wording. The same design may be registered both as a print and a label in separate applications. Both are copyrighted for a period of 28 years, which may be extended for a further term of 28 years. COST. Our charge, including the government fee, is $18 for each, to accompany your instructions. We should need 8 speci- mens of the print or label. COPYRIGHTS are granted under the Constitutional provision quoted with respect to patents and at present must meet the requirements of the Copyright Act of July 1st, 1909, enacted in pursuance of such, provision. They protect any publication, manuscript, musical, &c, production, work of art, &c, for a period of 28 years from being copied without license. This term may be extended for a further term of 28 years. Any citizen of the U. S. or citizen or subject of a foreign power granting U. S. citizens similar privileges may apply. Any infringement must be a copy of the thing itself. A copy- right protects all pictures, &c, shown in a book, but they must be themselves copied to infringe. A copy of the original from which they are made is no infringement. Where a work is considered of any value at all it should be copyrighted to prevent copying and competition. Our charge for a copyright, including the government fee, is $10, which should accompany your instructions. Also, we BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 25 should need two copies of the work for the Library of Con- gress and one for our records. In printing a book intended to be copyrighted " copyright" with the year to the right, as " copyright 1910," with the name of the proprietor thereunder, should be printed on the inside of the cover or fly-leaf. The work should then be immedi- ately copyrighted, in accordance with such notice and the law. PROSECUTION OF REJECTED CASES U. S. AND CANADA. It sometimes happens that an inventor will prepare and file his own patent application and attempt to prosecute it before the Patent Office — a very risky course for one not very fa- miliar with patent matters for the reasons fully set forth else- where in this booklet. Almost universally in such cases the Office in acting for the first time on the case holds the speci- fication informal as not being on the right size of paper, not having sufficient margin, not being in permanent ink. Then the drawings are generally objected to as not meeting the very numerous requirements of the Office. These are the more technical objections. In addition to these the specifications so prepared are often vague, and of course the claims are open to objection as being informal for any one of a number of reasons, which the average inventor would not anticipate, such as being for an aggregation, each claim not being com- plete in itself, claiming an inoperative device, &c. Should the inventor possibly work his way through this mass of formality he then is confronted with the task of prosecuting his case on its merits, and is practically certain to run afoul here, going to either one extreme or the other, being either discouraged by the Office action on the claims or else maintaining that the references cited do not in any man- ner approach his invention. This will often happen also with the inexperienced and incompetent attorney. It takes an attorney with a great deal of skill, experience an knowledge of patent law to know just how to construe a claim and the best manner in which to handle the case; point- ing out clearly and concisely the reasons why the references 26 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. do not apply, or, if necessary, amending the claims to avoid the references and yet secure all the protection to which the inventor is entitled. One lacking this skill and experience is very liable to cancel the broader claims, thus abandoning the full protection to which the inventor is entitled, retaining only the very narrowest claims, which are of very little protection and value to his client. We make a specialty of this class of cases and have re- ceived a number, both from clients who tried to prepare and prosecute their own cases and got beyond their depth, and from others who employed incompetent counsel. Our advice is to give the matter prompt attention and to refer it to a competent attorney specializing in patent law, before taking any further action after the first Office letter, thus leaving the attorney free action, with no final rejection barring further amendment. If there is any invention in- volved you will, with such aid, usually get all protection to which you are entitled without need for appeal. However, after final rejection it is in such cases often possible by appeal, suggestion of claims, &c, to obtain such protection, but this is more expensive, as it involves an appeal to the Board of Examiners-in-Chief, and much other work. Our charge in cases of this class, where the invention is simple and where the case has not been finally rejected, is from $20 up, which amount is to accompany your instructions. Where the case has been finally rejected we will furnish estimate of our fee as the occasion arises. RENEWAL OF FORFEITED APPLICATIONS. A forfeited application is one upon which a patent has been withheld for failure to pay the final fee within six months after the date of such allowance. When the patent has been withheld for this reason, any person having an interest in said invention may at any time within two years from the date of such allowance file a renewal of the original application. This involves the pay- ment of the first government fee, $15, again, as in the first instance. The application will then be subject to re-examina- tion and allowance, after which the final fee, $20 (with $1 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 27 to us for paying it in, &c, making a total of $21), will be due within six months, as in the original case. Most of these renewal cases are allowed almost as a matter of course, though in rare instances they are rejected. Our fee in such cases is $20, with the first government fee of $15, making a total of $35, which should accompany your instructions. REVIVAL OF ABANDONED APPLICATIONS. The statute provides that the application • must be com- pleted within one year and that after the application has been acted on by the Office the applicant must file a com- plete response to such action within one year from the date thereof, otherwise the case will be held abandoned, no fur- ther action being given by the Office therein. However, the Commissioner has the power to revive such cases, if upon a proper showing as to the cause of the delay, in his discre- tion justice requires it. The showing must be very strong and also it must appear that this course is the only remedy open to the applicant. All statements must be reinforced with affidavits and action look- ing to the revival should be taken AT ONCE. There is no government fee in such cases. Our minimum fee for preparing and filing such petition and affidavits and arguing the matter before the Commissioner is $50, which should accompany your instructions, together with a very full statement of all reasons why the case was not prosecuted within the year, REISSUES. A reissue is granted whenever the original patent is in- operative or invalid by reason of insufficient or defective specification, provided the error has arisen through inadver- tence, accident or mistake, without any fraudulent intent. It has been decided by U. S. Supreme Court that to warrant new or broadened claims in a reissue, such claims must not only be indicated in the original application, but it must also appear that they constituted a part of the original invention 28 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. and were sought and intended to be secured by the original patent. All recent decisions emphasize strongly the necessity of careful and skilful preparation and prosecution of the original application. Inventors should remember this when tempted to employ any attorney whose chief recommendation is that he will do the work cheaply or on a contingent basis. Such services are the most costly in the end. The Patent Office, recognizing the importance of careful and skilful preparation and prosecution of all cases, advises in- ventors " to employ a competent attorney, as the value of patents depends largely upon the skilful preparation of the specification and claims." The first government fee in reissue cases is $30 on filing. Our fee and the other items of cost depend on the work involved, which necessarily varies and is to be arranged for separately in each case. COURSE AND TREATMENT OF AN APPLICATION BY THE PATENT OFFICE, THE COPY- RIGHT OFFICE, &C. After an application is filed, whether it be for a patent, trade-mark, print, label, or copyright, either in the Patent Office or Copyright Office of this or any foreign country, it is taken up in the order of its filing. That is to say, all other cases previously filed and awaiting action are acted on until yours is reached, when it is acted on. In patent applications the Office generally points out in its first letters verbal changes, &c, matters of formality, to be made in the specification, and rejects some claims or all of them, citing prior patents, &c, in support of such rejection. To this letter we respond, making such changes as seem de- sirable and limiting or recasting the claims in such manner as to avoid the references cited and yet retain the broadest scope of the claims to which the inventor is entitled. To this re- sponse we make it our policy to add an argument concisely setting forth in a compelling manner, to the Examiner, the distinctions between the claims as so amended or changed, and the references. In case we are of the opinion that the BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 29 claims, as they stand, are not met by the references we request reconsideration, instead of making alterations in the claims, and append an argument, as above, in support of such request. This procedure continues until we have obtained all the protection to which we believe the applicant is entitled and the case is allowed, or until final rejection. Where prior patents or other references are cited and it becomes necessary to amend to avoid them and to file an argument pointing out why the claims, as amended, avoid the references, we always make some charge, depending on the time and work so spent. Usually $10 suffices in the simplest cases, the more complex cases of course calling for a larger amount for the prosecution work. These charges are gener- ally made according to the actual time and work spent on each amendment as it occurs, but, if desired, we will furnish estimate of total charge for all subsequent prosecution of the case after the first action has been given. We prefer, however, the plan of making the charges according to the time actually spent on each amendment, as we can be sure of getting paid for all of our time and work and at the same time the client will only pay for time and work actually given in his case, so that this plan is much fairer to both parties than any other plan we know of. After a case has been finally rejected the only course left is either to appeal to the Board of Examiners-in-Chief (see under heading "Appeals") or to drop the application. We find in most cases in which there is any real novelty we can obtain all the protection to which the inventor is entitled without recourse to appeal, but in some instances the Ex- aminer cannot or will not see the invention, and then it be- comes necessary to appeal. APPEALS. If the Primary Examiner refuses to allow the application or any claim thereof, three distinct appeals are available to the applicant : First. — An appeal from the Primary Examiner to the Board of Examiners-in-Chief, which is composed of three experi- enced examiners. This tribunal carefully reviews the record 3° BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. of the application, and either affirms or reverses the decision of the Primary Examiner. Second. — If the decision of this Board be adverse, appeal may be taken to the Commissioner of Patents in person. Third. — From an adverse decision of the Commissioner an appeal lies to the Court of Appeals of the District of Co- lumbia. The expense of such an appeal, however, is con- siderable. The cost of these appeals varies with the circumstances of each case, $50 sufficing in the usual simple case for the first appeal; and $60 for an appeal to the Commissioner. In trade-mark applications an appeal may be taken direct from the Primary Examiner to the Commissioner in person, and the cost of such an appeal will usually be $50. As in patent cases, an appeal lies from an adverse decision of the Commissioner to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, and the expense of such an appeal would be about the same as a similar appeal in a patent case. INTEEFERENCES. A patent interference is a proceeding instituted for the purpose of determining the question of priority of invention between two or more parties claiming substantially the same patentable invention. Although the Commissioner lacks the power to cancel a patent, an interference may be declared between a patent and a pending application, provided that the patent was not granted more than two years prior to the filing date of such application. In case the Office finds the appli- cant to be the prior inventor it may issue a patent to him for the same invention. After the declaration of interference each party is re- quired to file a sworn preliminary statement setting out when he first conceived the invention; first disclosed it to others; first made a drawing or model; first made a practical test, etc. This statement, later, must be supported by testimony to be taken as in suit in equity, and each party is bound by the averments in his preliminary statement and cannot go back of the earliest date mentioned therein. The case is argued by counsel and decided by the Patent Office on argument and evidence submitted. The patent is awarded to the first in- BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 3 1 ventor. Appeal from the Patent Office may be taken to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. Our usual charge for preparing and filing a Preliminary Statement is $25. Experienced counsel is required for the successful conduct of interference cases, as great skill and experience is neces- sary. Too much care cannot be taken in the preparation of the papers and in handling the case from start to finish. We cannot state with certainty the charges and expenses in interferences, as they vary with each case ; some may prove very light and others very heavy, depending on the interests involved, the complexity of the case and the value of the invention. Our charges for services in the case are at the usual time rates in searches, infringement suits, &c. TRADE-MARK INTERFERENCES are declared by the Patent Office between two or more appli- cants when the marks applied for are thought to interfere, to determine which applicant adopted and used the mark first. Each party is held strictly to the averments of his statement forming part of the application, and these are to be supported by evidence as in patent application interferences. TRADE-MARK OPPOSITIONS. Any person who believes he would be damaged by the registration of a mark may oppose the same by filing a notice of opposition, stating the grounds therefor, in the Patent Office within thirty days after the publication (in the Official Gazette) of the mark sought to be registered, which notice shall be verified. This has the same force and effect as the statement of a trade-mark application, and the procedure is the same as in interferences. APPLICATION TO CANCEL A TRADE-MARK REGISTRATION may be filed by any person whenever he shall deem himself to be injured thereby. Notice is given the registrant, and the procedure is much the same as in trade-mark interferences. The registration may be canceled whenever it shall appear 32 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. that the registrant was not entitled to the use of the mark at the date of his application, or that the mark is not used by the registrant or has been abandoned. The charges and expenses in these, as in other interferences, cannot be stated with any certainty, as they vary with each case, according to the interests involved, the value placed on the mark by the parties and the services rendered. INFRINGEMENT SUITS, &C. Infringement, as that word is used in patent litigation, is the making, using or selling of something covered by a valid claim or claims of an unexpired patent, and such suits are brought by patentees, usually in equity, to enjoin such use, sale or manufacture and to recover profits and damages. The Patent Office grants you a patent, if you are entitled to it, but after that its duty ceases. This patent gives you the right to prevent such manufacture, sale and use; in other words, establishes the basis for a suit. After the patent is granted the right given thereby is to be enforced by suit in the proper Federal District Court, and is appealable there- from by either side to the proper Circuit Court of Appeals, and in rare instances may reach the United States Supreme Court. Before starting suit, if you have purchased the patent from another, the first step is to look up the title and see that it is perfect (see under heading "Title Searches"). Being satisfied on this point, the next step to be taken is to have us make a validity search (see under heading "Infringe- ment and Validity Searches") ; if this proves your patent sound, the next step is to give the infringer formal notice to stop infringement, and if he ignores this the next step is to file your bill of complaint requesting an injunction and profits and damages. The defendant files his answer to this, and evidence is then taken by both sides to uphold the matters set forth in the bill and answer respectively. The case then goes to trial, the briefs are filed by both sides, and the court hears counsel in argument for both sides and renders the decision. In case you should receive such a notice to stop an alleged BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 33 infringement you should answer, stating that the matter has been referred to your attorneys, and have us make an in- fringement search (see under heading " Validity and In- fringement Searches"). Should this prove the patent to be void, or the claims thereof to be so narrow as not to be infringed by your construction, you may generally end the matter by sending or having us send the patentee or owner of the patent a copy of our report and the references. In case a bill of complaint is filed against you, such a search is absolutely necessary in order to properly prepare your answer, unless you choose to give up making the article in question. In all such cases we require a retainer, which varies in accordance with the interests involved and the services ren- dered. For taking testimony in such cases we charge at the rate of $30 per diem, time spent ir traveling included, and, of course, all traveling expenses are to be paid. Before starting on a trip to take testimony, &c, we expect a re- mittance of $100 in advance, and all traveling expenses that can be foreseen, the balance to come on receipt of our bill. The same charges apply also to other services rendered in connection with the case, except that the preparation of a bill of complaint is usually $50, though in rare instances this may be more, depending on the work involved. Infringement suits on trade-marks, copyrights and design patents follow much the same lines as the usual patent in- fringement suits and involve like expenses. For infringement of a design patent the statute provides a fixed minimum limit of damages of $250, so success in the suit is never without some money returns. SEARCHES. These are of various kinds, having different objects in view, and being known as 1, Preliminary searches; 2, Title searches ; 3, Infringement and Validity searches ; and 4, General Information or Art searches. 1. PRELIMINARY SEARCHES. The first condition to the grant of a patent is that it must be NEW. This can generally be ascertained by a small search through the prior U. S. patents in the same general class of 3 34 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. the particular invention under consideration. All U. S. pat- ents are classified by employes of the Patent Office and open to inspection and search in the Search or Attorney's Room thereof. These records are about the most complete in the world, and a search through them will generally show the correct state of the art. After making such a search we report to the inventor, with copies of the two or three nearest references found, and advise him as to the best course to pursue. If it should show the device to be old we advise him against applying, thus saving him the expense of the first government fee, the drawings and the attorneys' fee. On the other hand, should the search show the device to be probably patentable, we advise the client accordingly in our report. In this case the copies of references, sent may sug- gest valuable changes that may be made with advantage. Also, in case financial aid is desired a favorable report of such a search from us will be of great assistance in securing it. The above remarks apply to contemplated patent applica- tions everywhere. It is best to have a search, such as de- scribed, made first in the U. S. patents already granted, though, after such a search has been made for the U. S. application, it, of course, is not necessary to have another search made on the same device in Canada and other foreign countries. The one search will give a pretty good estimate of the art in all countries. To make such a search we should need a model, good, clear sketches, or photographs of the invention in various posi- tions and operations, accompanied by a good, full, clear and concise description of the device and its various parts, and a statement of operation and of the advantages claimed. A BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 35 good way to do is to mark each element or part with a number and then refer to it in the description by that number, as here shown, using the same number for the same part wherever it occurs. In the case of a design we should need a good, clear draw- ing or photo of the design. In the case of trade-marks it is also desirable to have such a search made to see whether your mark has already been preempted by another for the same class of goods. For this we should need a specimen of the labels used and a state- ment of what articles it is used on. Our charge for such a search in all cases is $5, to accom- pany the necessary data and your instructions 2. TITLE SEARCHES. A title search is a search through the assignment records of the Patent Office to determine who, on these records, holds the title to the patent or invention under consideration. To make such a search we should need to know the full name of the inventor and date, or, in the case of a patent, the num- ber would suffice; but in all cases it is best to give the full name, date and number, if possible, to avoid possibility of mistake. We charge $5 for each patent or application so investi- gated, the remittance to accompany your order. 3. INFRINGEMENT AND VALIDITY SEARCHES. It sometimes happens that patents are granted in which all the claims are void, or the broader ones are void, or the claims are broader than warranted by the showing of the prior art, of which the best showing was not found by the Patent Office when searching for anticipations or references to determine the scope of the protection to which the appli- cant was entitled. Sometimes the best references will be found in the most unlikely places, and it becomes very diffi- cult and takes much time to find them. As a good many more than a million patents have been granted by the United States alone, and as the United States grants patents at the rate of from 800 to 1,000 a week, it will be easily seen what 36 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. a large field has to be covered. Also, the Office has to con- sider the patents of all countries in connection with the ex- amination of any case, and where a foreign patent shows the elements claimed it will be a sufficient answer. In addition to searching up the novelty of invention the Examiner also has to examine it critically to see that it is in correct form,, that the specification is perfectly clear and that all the re- quirements of the law have been complied with. In view of the number of patents issued and of the number of applications filed and which fail, and in view of the ex- amination and searching to be done in each case, it is ap- parent that the Patent Office absolutely cannot make an ex- haustive search in every case. Where a reference, either U. S. or foreign patent or publication, can be found that is dated prior to the date of the invention on which patent was granted and which reference shows all of the elements of the claim or claims thereof, or of the broadest claims thereof, such claims will be void, and such reference will be a good and complete defense to a suit for infringement of them, and, if the reference patent be an expired one, the invention covered thereby will belong to the public, and anyone may make, use and sell it. The same applies if the reference publication be more than two years prior to the application. Also, it sometimes happens that a construction, which is alleged by the patentee to infringe, is shown in some very early prior and expired patent. This also will be a complete defense to a suit for infringement by such construction, without a long argument and controversy as to the exact scope of the claims of the complainant's patent, &c. In view of these facts it becomes absolutely essential to have a thorough search of the U. S. and foreign patents made, either when being sued for infringement or when proposing to sue another for infringement. In very important cases, it may be desirable to search through publications, &c. If the search turns up references which show the claims to be void, or to be very much narrower in scope than appears on their face, they will constitute a good defense, and often, where they are clearly exact anticipations, our report and opinion BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 37 accompanied thereby will end the matter. Of course, where one is contemplating suing another and such a search shows the claims of the patent relied on to be void or too narrow to include the constructions of the fancied infringer, it will save the expenses of such a suit, which are heavy. Likewise, it is desirable, before paying any large sum in the purchase of a patent, or expending any large sum in the erection of plants, &c, to manufacture an article under a patent to have such a search made to make sure that the patent is worth the price in consideration, or that it is wise to expend the money in the plants. In other words, before going to a large expense in regard to a patent it is desirable to first determine as definitely as you can that the patent is valid and will stand the grilling fire of litigation. Such a search is a much more serious proposition than the preliminary search, and usually takes from four to five days' steady searching on simple inventions, and on the more com- plex cases often run between three weeks and a month. In rare instances where the interests involved are large they run to much more. Our charge for such a search is at the rate of $30 per diem for each day or part of a day spent therein, a remittance of $75 in advance to accompany your instructions, and the balance to come immediately on receipt of our report and bill. 4. GENERAL INFORMATION OR ART SEARCHES are often desired to discover what has actually been done in some particular industry, how the by-products of some in- dustry may be used to the best advantage and the best means therefor, also to discover the most up-to-date and economical machinery and apparatus to be used in a particular manu- facture. This is the age of the economist, when no by-product is to be wasted, and of the efficiency expert, whose office it is to get the utmost returns from the least effort and expendi- ture of both time, labor and money; hence the importance of time, labor and money-saving machinery. We are not effi- ciency experts, but a search, such as indicated above, will generally yield very valuable information which will many times repay you for the expense thereof, and which you may yourself apply without further aid. 38 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. For such a search we charge at the rate of $30 per diem for each day or part thereof spent therein, $100 to accompany your instructions, the balance to come immediately on receipt of our report. In requesting such a search you would want to indicate as definitely as possible just what information you desire. CANADA. CANADIAN PATENTS are granted for terms of 6, 12 and 18 years, and the two former may be extended to the latter on the payment of the required government fee. The government fee for the 6-year term is $20; for 12 years, $40; and 18 years, $60. The peti- tion for extension must be filed before the expiration of the 6th or 12th year. Our fee for each petition is $5, to accom- pany your instructions, the original patent and the government fee, as above. Each patent is nominally for 18 years. Our fee for preparing the application, &c, is the same as in U. S. patent applications — see " Cost," under this heading. Thus for the simplest one-sheet case the amount to come before filing would be $50, of which $20 should accompany your order, the balance to come when returning the papers after execution for filing. After the U. S. application has been allowed the inventor is practically certain of obtaining a corresponding patent in Canada, as well as in other countries. The Canadian patent may be applied for within one year after the grant of the first foreign patent. However, we strongly advise that the Canadian and other foreign applications be filed at the same time as the U. S., to guard against piracy of the invention by parties who see it and consider it of sufficient value to warrant them in stealing the foreign rights. Usually the same claims obtained in the U. S. will be granted in Canada. NOTICE OF INTENTION TO APPLY. The law provides that where a man obtains a foreign patent, anyone in Canada may make, use and sell the device thus disclosed, even after the grant of the Canadian patent, pro- vided such manufacture, use and sale is begun before the BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 39 grant thereof, UNLESS the patentee in the foreign country- files his application in Canada, or files NOTICE that he in- tends to apply in Canada, before the expiration of THREE MONTHS from the granting or sealing of his first foreign patent. Our charge for preparing and filing such notice, in- cluding the government fee, is $10. PROSECUTION OF REJECTED APPLICATIONS — CANADA. (See this heading under U. S.) The same remarks apply, with a like charge, $20 in advance in simple cases. REVIVAL OF ABANDONED APPLICATIONS. (See this heading under U. S.) The same remarks apply. Our charge would be, as in the U. S., a minimum of $50, to come with your instructions. REISSUES. (See this heading under U. S.) The same remarks apply and the procedure is identical. As in the U. S., our fee would depend on the services to be rendered, &c, estimate being furnished as the occasion may arise. However, the govern- ment fee is much greater, being $4 for each unexpired year of the full 18-year term of the patent. ARBITRATION in Canada corresponds to the interference in the U. S. Patent Office, though the course to be followed is radically different. Where two or more applications conflict they are to be submitted to the arbitration of three skilled persons, one to be chosen by each applicant, the third by the Commissioner; their decision, from which no appeal can be taken, is final as far as concerns the granting of the patent. If either side fails to appoint an arbitrator the patent shall be granted to the other party. After the arbitrators are appointed they are sworn by a judge, and then jointly and severally have the power to sum- mon witnesses, take testimony, and gain access to books and other documentary evidence. 40 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. Each applicant is to pay the fees of his own arbitrator, to be agreed on beforehand, the fees of the third being borne jointly. Our fees would be the same for preparing all necessary papers, taking evidence, arguing, traveling expenses, &c, as in infringement suits and interferences before the U. S. Patent Office. COMPULSORY LICENSE. The Canadian patent must be manufactured or worked within two years after the grant thereof and continuously thereafter sufficiently to supply the demand, unless put under the provisions of the Compulsory License Clause within six months after the date of such grant. Over 80 per cent, of all patents granted can be put under this provision, thus completely avoiding the expense and burden of actual manu- facture, otherwise required. Our charge for preparing and filing application therefor is $10, to accompany your order. IMPORTATION. The patented article cannot be imported into Canada beyond one year after the patent is granted, without forfeiting the patent protection, unless such term is extended before the expiration thereof. EXTENSION OF TIME EOR IMPORTATION AND MANUFACTURE. Both the term for manufacturing, 2 years (if not put under the Compulsory License Clause), and the term for importation, 1 year, may, in some cases, before the expiration thereof, be extended, the exact length of such extension in either case depending on the particular circumstances of each case. The maximum extension allowed is 1 year for importation and 2 years for manufacturing. Heretofore these extensions were granted almost as a matter of course for from one to two years, and sometimes several such extensions were granted in a particular case. There has been objection that this privi- lege was being abused, and that only one such extension could legally be granted, so within the last few years they BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 41 have become much more exacting, and a very strong case must be made before the extension will be granted. Now it is neces- sary to state definite facts to support your petition for such extension and to support these facts by your own affidavit and as many other affidavits as you can get in corroboration thereof, and to reinforce these by arguing the matter orally. Our minimum fee for filing such a petition for either ex- tension is $50, the fee being regulated in accordance with the time taken, expenses, &c. As stated, the showing must be very strong in either case, and it is far safer not to rely on them, but to make your arrangements well within the time definitely allowed by law, thus avoiding all risks and ex- penses attendant on such petitions. TRADE-MARKS are of two classes : General and Specific. A General trade-mark is a man's sign in trade, applicable to all goods he may handle, and is of indefinite duration. A Specific trade-mark is for the mark as used on some specific goods, and has a duration of 25 years, which may be extended for an indefinite number of similar terms. Where a general and specific trade-mark conflict the latter is en- titled to registration provided the proprietor of the former had not used it on the particular articles in question before the specific applicant so applied it, according to a very recent decision of the Exchequer Court. The Government fee for the general trade-mark registra- tion is $30, for the specific $25. Our fee for preparing and prosecuting either, including the drawing, is $20, to come with your instructions. We should need five specimens of the mark as used. INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS correspond to our Design patents and are regis' ered in the Department of Agriculture for any new design to the author or proprietor for a term of five years, which may be extended for from one to five years more. Such registration can be obtained only by persons residing in Canada. 42 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. Our charge for such registration, including all government fees for five years, and the drawing, will be $25, to come with your order. CAVEATS are granted in Canada to protect an inventor, while completing his invention, against piracy, the possibility of an independent inventor filing, &c, for one year. They give no right to prevent others from making, using or selling the device. Only a PATENT will do this. We do not urge these caveats, as we do not feel that the amount of protection actually given is worth the expense. Our charge, including the government fee, 1,000 words and one sheet of drawings, is $25, all excess to be charged for as in U. S. applications for patent. THE TIME REQUIRED TO OBTAIN A PATENT cannot be foreseen with any degree of accuracy and it is quite impossible to give any reliable estimate thereof. It depends on the amount of work in the particular division of the Patent Office to which the application is referred. There are many divisions and they are more or less in arrears with their work, the divisions of the U. S. Patent Office being 43 in number at present. We are very prompt with the preparation of the necessary papers and drawings, all cases being filed at the earliest moment. After this the length of pendency rests solely on the condition of the work in the particular examining divi- sion, for we make it a point to amend promptly after each official action and prosecute vigorously, to the end that the case may be allowed as early as possible consistent with the full protection to which the applicant is entitled. In the United States after allowance the final fee must be paid within six months. The patent will issue on the fourth Tuesday after the first Thursday on or after which it is paid. In Canada there is no final fee, hence no necessity for the formal notice of allowance, and the patent is therefore granted and forwarded on the first Tuesday after it is determined to be in proper shape and allowable. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 43 PATENT PENDING. The above brand or " Patent Applied For" is often found on articles on the market, and all applicants for patent have a right to use one or the other as desired, if they wish to introduce their invention before the patent issues. It seems desirable, however, in most cases, to let this wait until the patent is secured, because of the danger of giving an advan- tage to unscrupulous persons. However, it gives yon no protection except in so far as it warns others that you have applied for a patent. The extensive manufacture and disclosure during pendency of the application may cause you to lose the right to foreign patents thereon, as some one, seeing your invention, may pro- ceed to patent it in foreign countries ; for in some countries of Europe, the FIRST APPLICANT, whether inventor or not, is entitled to the patent. After the patent is granted you have plenty of time to introduce your invention and can do so with perfect safety. MARKING PATENTED ARTICLES. In the United States and Canada an article manufactured under a patent should be marked with the word Patented, followed by the year, for example, " Patented, 1913." It is not necessary to, and wisest not to, stamp on the article either the number of the patent or the name of the inventor. The notice given is sufficient, and if anyone de- sires any further information let him go to the expense of an investigation ; for such further information is usually de- sired only by interests antagonistic to, or in competition with, you. As to marking in other countries we will supply informa- tion as the occasion may arise. COST OF COPIES OF PATENTS. Printed copies of patents may be obtained in the following countries. A printed copy is issued with each patent deed. We obtain and send copies (number and year being given as), including postage, at the following rates: 44 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. United States.. $0.25 Austria $1.00 Great Britain 50 Hungary 1.00 France 75 Sweden 1.00 Germany 75 Norway 1.00 Switzerland 75 Denmark 1.00 Russia 1.00 In other countries according to length. Manuscript copies of Canadian patents, including the drawing, average about $4 each. Estimates of cost will be furnished upon receipt of the number of the patent of which a copy is desired. If the patentee's name, the date of the patent, or its num- ber are unknown, we will, if desired, carefully search for the patent described in the order, but we must have before us, in making such a search, a print or illustration Of the inven- tion. For the time occupied in making this search we gen- erally charge $5. Where five (5) or more copies of the same U. S. patent are ordered at the same time we can supply them at 10 cents per copy. ALL PAYMENTS FOR COPIES MUST BE MADE IN ADVANCE. TRADE-MARKS — NOTICE OF REGISTRATION. Notice of registration of the mark should be given the public, in the United States, by affixing or printing on the label and on or directly beneath the mark, " Registered in U. S. Patent Office" or " Reg. U. S. Pat. Off." In Canada such notice should be similarly placed and as follows, " Trade-mark registered Canada, 191 — ." TRADE-MARKS ASSIGNMENTS. In the United States a trade-mark can only be assigned in connection with the business and good will of the registrant. This applies also in Canada. For preparing and recording the simplest assignment agree- ment our charge, including the government recordation fee, is $5. For the longer ones with various stipulations our charges are regulated by the time taken, the interests involved and the services rendered. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 45 WHAT IS MY INVENTION WORTH? This is a question often put to us, and one that should never be asked of a patent attorney. We are in no position to foretell accurately or even approximately the value of any invention. The inventor is best qualified to answer this for himself, having seen the need, being usually a practical man engaged in that particular line. The main reason, however, is that the value of an invention depends so much on the per- sonal equation. One man by his perseverance and business ability might reap a fortune, where another, desiring and ex- pecting to make a fortune easily and at once, might become disappointed and cease all efforts, thus obtaining nothing. The same energy and ability applied in perfecting the inven- tion if properly applied commercially will doubtless result in a profit in proportion to the value of the invention. The value, therefore, in most instances, depends on the inventor; it is " up to him." ASSIGNMENT AGREEMENTS. A patent is a vested right, and may be disposed of entirely or partially; or licenses, from exclusive down to shop rights, may be disposed of. However, it should be remembered that an owner of an undivided interest of a patent, however small that interest may be, has the right to make, use and sell the device covered thereby without being liable in any way to any of the other owners of said patent for any part of the profits he may make, unless special provision is made for this in the agreement of assignment. Our charge for preparing and recording the usual assign- ment, including the government fee, is $5, except where special services and time are required by reason of the na- ture of such agreements, and the necessity of very clearly and elaborately specifying the various conditions, obligations and arrangements between the parties and defining the rights of each. Such instruments, it is obvious, take much time, and the charges therefor must rest on the amount of time taken, the matters to be considered, the services rendered and the value thereof to the parties. 46 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. PATENT SALESMEN. We do not undertake to sell patents and, we regret to say, we do not know of a single patent salesman or alleged sales- man whom we can recommend as honest and trustworthy. As soon as you receive your patent you will generally receive a stack of circulars from these quacks who will offer to sell your patent for you. They all require some payment at first, to pay for advertising, a model, for putting a cut of your invention in their catalogue, &c. These first payments run anywhere from $5 to $50, and after they get it they lose all interest in the selling proposition. They live on the first payments and, as about 40,000 patents are granted yearly by the United States Patent Office, their field of operations is large. Our best advice is to ignore all such offers. You will save money and disappointment. MANUFACTURE IT. We advise you to manufacture the article. If properly managed the demand or market will be in accordance with the value of the invention and your reward will be automati- cally regulated in accordance therewith. If you lack capital, and the device is a meritorious and valuable one, you can often get men with capital interested and form a corporation to manufacture it, thus securing for yourself some share, at least, in the real profit to be obtained from the invention, instead of securing a small sum, which often is out of all proportion to its value, and having someone else obtain the real profit on the fruits of your invention. We have a num- ber of clients who have followed this course to their profit. BE YOUR OWN SALESMAN. However, if you cannot manufacture it, and desire to dis- pose of your patent right, the best way is to construct a good, well-finished model and to be your own salesman, calling on men interested in that line personally and explaining and demonstrating your invention to them The invention is a child of your brain, you are much more enthusiastic about it than another would be, know all its advantages and various ways in which it can be applied to advantage,, and you can bring these clearly and forcibly before a prospective purchaser. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 47 SECBET USE. It would be practically impossible to keep an invention secret and yet make any large profit therefrom, for 17 years. A patent in the U. S. or Canada, respectively, assures you of protection for this period, and when so protected you may openly make, use and sell, if infringing no earlier patent, for 17 years, in which time a valuable invention may reap a for- tune. Also, during this time you will probably be able to im- prove on your invention, secure a patent on such improvement and manufacture under such latter patent. Of course this patent would not protect you against competition from the invention covered by the old and expired patent, but this improvement might be of such nature and of such value that such competition would be of little consequence to you. GENEROSITY TO FOREIGNERS. There are very few inventors that do not place a high value on their inventions and in many cases this high valua- tion is quite justified, yet nine-tenths or even a larger propor- tion of U. S. patentees present the entire world, outside of the United States and Canada, with the fruit of their genius and labors by neglecting to patent their inventions in foreign countries. The inventor expects to reap a rich reward from his inven- tion here. Why would not the same invention be equally or even more valuable abroad, where the population is more concentrated and where the invention should be easier to market and distribute than in this comparatively sparsely- settled country? Nearly forty thousand patents are granted each year by the United States, and among them are many inventions of great utility and value. It is hard to realize that these valuable inventions are actually presented to the people of Europe, Canada, Mexico and Central and South America, whereas by a relatively small expenditure they could have been protected by patent in the principal foreign coun- tries. And, if patented, there is no reason why they could not be made to pay by manufacture of the article, or by the sale of the patent rights, as much or more as the United States patent, with the same effort and ability. Also, the sale 48 BABCOCK'S. BOOK FOR INVENTORS. of any such foreign patent rights, even at low figures, will give you a good start financially in working your patents else- where. In the matter of foreign patents you want to act quickly, before someone else lodges his claim as prior applicant. It is well for United States and Canadian inventors to file their foreign applications at as early a date as possible, not exceeding twelve months prior to their applications in the United States. By doing thus they will head off independent foreign inventors who might file during the pendency of the U. S. application; and also, and most important, they will defeat that class of persons who make a practice of pirating desirable inventions here and obtaining patents for them abroad as first communicators. WHEN APPLICATION MAY BE MADE. In all countries, speaking generally, application may be made before the publication, public sale, or use of the, article in the respective country. In all countries belonging to the International Convention application may be filed any time within twelve months after the filing of the U. S. application, even if the article has been published or used in the foreign country in which it is de- sired to patent it. Canada does not belong to the International Convention, and an application may be filed there any time within one year after the date of the grant or sealing of the first foreign patent. In all cases, however, it is best to apply before publication or use, except possibly in Canada, even in countries signatory to the International Convention, as applications under this Convention require expensive certified copies and much else, which is avoided by application before publication. In this connection it is to be noted that when the United States patent is granted it is published in the Official Gazette, and copies of this are sent to all countries belonging to the Inter- national Convention or otherwise having agreements to ex- change patent publications, &c, and that when these copies are received in such countries it is held, in most of them, BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 49 though not all, to be a publication for the purpose of barring an application filed subsequent thereto and not under the International Convention. More definite information will be supplied you when the occasion arises. COST OF FOREIGN" PATENTS. PRICES quoted on the following pages include taxes and all other fixed charges, where they exist, for one year, and, in all ordinary cases, the adjustment of all formal difficulties that may arise in the various Patent Offices ; but not the extra expense of filing under the " International Convention." Ob- jections on the score of lack of novelty or inoperativeness, requirements for division, limitation, additional drawings and the like (involving extensive changes, &c), interferences, pro- tests, &c, require additional time and services, which will usually be charged for. A retainer of $20 per application should be sent with the order to prepare them, the remainder to be sent promptly on the completion of the application papers. In highly technical cases, such as those involving an inti- mate acquaintance with higher mathematics, chemistry, elec- tricity, optics, acoustics, &c, or some special and intricate branch of industrial art, the prices stated below will not apply, but special rates will be made, depending on the nature of the case. Also, the rates quoted apply only to specifications, including the claims, containing 1,000 words or less, and one sheet of drawings. For each additional sheet of drawings we make an extra charge of $5. For every additional 100 words, or part thereof, in ENG- LISH, 50 cents. For every additional 100 words, or part thereof, in ANY OTHER LANGUAGE, $1.50. OUR FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES AND POLICY. We have our special associates in the capitals of all foreign countries who stand at the top of their profession in the respective countries and whom we have selected after many 4 50 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. years' experience as best fitted to guard our clients' interests in their respective countries. In addition to this we prepare all cases in our own offices and send them to our associates with instructions as to the prosecution and, after each official communication, we give them our additional instructions as to exactly what course to pursue. By reason of this arrangement we can assure to our clients prompt services of the highest order in patent and trade- mark, &c, matters in all countries for very moderate fees. FOREIGN PATENTS. COUNTBIES, STATISTICS AND COST OF PATENT. Note. — We also undertake to register trade-marks, copy- rights and all other analogous governmental privileges in all foreign countries where granted to U. S. citizens, and shall be glad to supply information and estimate of charge therefor, though it is out of the question to embody such information in this pamphlet. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, 5, 10 or 15 years, $175. Pop., 6,800,000. Area, 1,212,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agricul- ture, sheep and cattle raising, wool, wheat, hides, tallow and frozen meats and mining. AUSTRALIA, 14 years, $125. Pop., 2,400,000. Area, 3,000,000 sq. miles. Industries — Sheep raising, agriculture, wine mak- ing, mining and manufacturing. AUSTRIA, 15 years, $75. Pop., 28,000,000. Area, 187,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, mining, manufacturing of glass and general manufacturing. BELGIUM, 20 years, $50. Pop., 7,500,000. Area, 11,400 sq. miles. Industries — Manufacturing and mining, iron, lead, copper, zinc, lace, flour and starch, whisky, beer, &c. BOLIVIA, 3, 6 or 10 years, $225. Pop., 2,200,000. Area, 385,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, mining, rubber, Peruvian bark, &c. BRAZIL, 15 years, $120. Pop., 20,000,000. Area, 3,200,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, growing of woods for dyeing and cabinet work, shipbuilding, fruit, coffee, rubber, tobacco, grain, cattle raising, &c. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. ' ' 5 1 BRITISH GUIANA, 14 years, $225. Pop., 300,000. Area, 90,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, sugar, rum, tim- ber, balata, &c, mining, gold, silver, diamonds, &c. BRITISH HONDURAS, 14 years, $150. Pop., 45,000. Area, 8,600 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture and mining; staple products, woods, principally mahogany and logwood, rubber, fruit, gold, silver, &c. CHILL 10 years, $225. Pop., 3,200,000. Area, 300,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, maize, wheat, barley, oats, beans, lentils, vines, tobacco, flax, hemp, chili pepper, pota- toes, &c, horse and cattle raising, copper and gold mining, &c. COLOMBIA, 5 to 20 years, $150 to $200. Pop., 4,500,000. Area, 473,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, fruits of all sorts, tobacco, coffee, cotton, manufacturing of woolen and cotton goods, mining of iron, lead, copper, coal, gold, silver, platinum, emeralds, &c. COSTA RICA, 20 years, $150. Pop., 370,000. Area, 23,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, cocoa, bananas, coffee, - hides, fustic, cedar-wood, &c. CUBA, 17 years, $100. Pop., 2,000,000. Area, 44,000 sq. miles. Industries — Sugar and tobacco. DENMARK, 15 years, $60. Pop., 2,000,000. Area, 15.000 sq. miles. Industries — Grain, raising of sheep, cattle and horses, manufacturing of dairy machinery and apparatus, &c. ECUADOR, 10 or 15 years. Pop., 1,300,000. Area, 127,000 sq. miles. Industries — Cocoa, ivory, coffee, cotton, rubber, archella, wood, straw hats and hammocks, barks, yarns, tobacco, fruit, wheat, sarsaparilla, silver, copper, quick- silver, lead, iron, etc. FINLAND, 15 years, $150. Pop., 3,000,000. Area, 144,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, oats, barley, rye, potatoes, &c. ; great saw mills and paper manufactures ; exporting of timber, farm produce, etc. FRANCE AND COLONIES, 15 years, $75. Pop., 40.000,000. Area, 207,000 sq. miles. Industries — All important indus- tries, manufacturing, carving, pottery, glass, chemicals, tex- tiles and dyeing. 52 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. GERMANY, Colonies and Protectorates, 15 years, $75. Pop., 60,000,000. Area, 210,000 sq. miles. Industries — Germany is remarkably well developed in every line of industry, and manufactures practically all industrial articles for home con- sumption ; being also a large exporter. It has large leather, textile, milling, metal and wood-working, electrical and ship- building industries, also in chemicals. GREAT BRITAIN, 14 years, $80. Pop., 47,000,000. Area, 121,000 sq. miles. Industries — Manufacturing of all kinds, especially machinery and apparatus ; mining operations on a large scale ; agriculture. It has very highly developed tex- tile and metal working industries. GUATEMALA, 15 years, $225. Pop., 2,000,000. Area, 47,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, coffee, sugar, rubber, ba- nanas, hides, timber, etc. HOLLAND, 15 years, $75. Pop., 5,700,000. Area, 12,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, horses, sheep, cattle, poultry and swine raising ; flax, hemp, tobacco, cottons, etc. ; manu- facturing of bricks, margarine, cocoa, chocolate, linen, can- dles, confectionery, earthenware, automobiles, boats, shoes, starch, flour, printing and accessories, engines, bicycles, fecula, oils, beer, geneva and other liquors. Diamond cut- ting is also highly developed and carried on extensively. HONDURAS, 20 years, $130. Pop., 775,000. Area, 43,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture and great gold, silver, copper, etc., mines ; fruit, sugar, tobacco, cotton, coffee, sarsaparilla, rubber, mahogany, indigo, hides and skins, cedar, fustic, rose-wood, cattle raising, etc. INDIA, 14 years, $80. Pop., 300,000,000. Area, 1,800,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, mining, coal, crude petro- leum, salt, manganese, saltpetre, gold, mica, rubies, jade, etc. There are many kinds of manufacturing, including woolen and paper mills, breweries, distilleries, etc. ITALY, 15 years, $70. Pop., 34,000,000. Area, 110,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, manufacturing and mining. Silk is an important industry, also fruit raising. The chief manufactures are woolen straw and felt hats, furniture, chemicals, paper, machinery of all kinds, mosaics, pottery, Venetian vases, alabaster, ornaments, etc. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 53 JAMAICA, 14 years, $175. Pop., 900,000. Area, 40,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, tropical fruit and products such as sugar, rum, coffee, bananas, oranges, maize, rare cabinet woods, dye woods, etc. JAPAN, 15 years, $110. Pop., 50,000,000. Area, 163,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, mining and manufacturing. Agricultural products of all sorts, including tobacco, tea, potatoes, wheat, rice, &c. Mining products include copper, iron, silver, agate and rock crystal, coal, etc. Chief manu- factures are silk, cotton, matches, paper, gease, lacquer ware, porcelain, bronze, etc. Ship building is carried on extensively. MEXICO, 20 years, $85. Pop., 13,500,000. Area, 760,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, maize, wheat, barley, Chili- pepper, cotton, coffee, sugar, tea, tobacco, vanilla, hemp, flax, grapes and all tropical fruits ; mahogany, ebony, caoutchouc, etc. Mining, gold, copper, lead, silver, quick- silver, iron, coal, etc. Manufacture of woolen and cotton goods, etc. NEW ZEALAND, 14 years, $90. Pop., 900,000. Area, 105,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, flax, butter, cheese, tal- low, gum, timber, sheep, wool, twine, kauri pin, rosin, etc. Mining, coal mining is an important industry, also the min- ing of gold, iron and copper. NICARAGUA, 10 years, $150. Pop., 600,000. Area, 52,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, rubber, mahogany, coffee, sugar, cocoa, etc. ; cattle and sheep raising. Little gold mining. NORWAY, 15 years, $70. Pop., 2,400,000. Area, 124,000 sq. miles. Industries — Timber dressing, mechanical engi- neering, textile manufactures, shipbuilding, pulp making, match making, dairy products, skins, furs, etc. ; also herring and cod fisheries and fish-oil form very important industries. PANAMA, 6 to 15 years, $170 to $350. Pop., 450,000. Area, 32,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture and mining. Gold, hides, rubber, mother of pearl, shells, cabinet woods, bananas and medicinal plants. Note. — The Panama Canal Zone is covered by the U. S. patent. PERU, 10 years, $250. Pop., 4,000,000. Area, 500,000 sq. 54 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. miles. Industries — Mining, silver, gold, copper, quicksilver, coal. Agriculture, cocoa, coffee, sugar, cocain, guano, llama and alpaca wool, etc. The large petroleum beds and rubber forests provide two very important industries. PORTUGAL, 15 years, $80. Pop., including the Azores and Madeira, 5,500,000. Area, 35,500 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, grains, textile plants, vines, fruits and nuts. Mining, lead, copper, tin, antimony, coal, manganese, iron, bay salt, &c. ; chief manufactures, gloves, silk, woolen, linen and cotton fabrics, metal and earthenware goods, tobacco, cigars, etc. Exportation of mine products is an important industry. There are notable oil fields. ROUMANIA, 15 years, $135. Pop., 6,700,000. Area, 50,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture and mining. Agriculture, maize, millet, barley, rye, beans, peas, vine growing, fruits of all sorts, etc. Cattle and sheep raising form an important industry. There are also great forests which furnish woods of all kinds. The mining of rock salt forms an important industry. RUSSIA, 15 years, $135. Pop., 157,000,000. Area, 8,235,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, timber, all grains in great quantity, potatoes, hemp, flax, tobacco, etc. Mining extensively of all sorts, including gold, platinum, copper, iron, rock salt, kaolin, marble, lead, etc. The largest out- put of petroleum in the world comes from Russia, while both steam and anthracite coal exist in inexhaustible quanti- ties. Manufacturing of all sorts is carried on extensively. SALVADOR, 20 years, $225. Pop., 1,000,000. Area, 7.200 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, coffee, indigo, tobacco, sugar, balsum, rice, hides, cedar and fustic. There is also some silver mining. SANTO DOMINGO, 5 to 15 years, $200 to $250. Pop., 600,000. Area, 1,800 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, cocoa, sugar, coffee, tobacco, mahogany and other woods, wax, honey, logwood, fustic, turtle, sheep hides, bananas, divi-divi, etc. Gold mining is carried on also. SPAIN, 20 years, $75. Pop., 20,000,000; Area, 196,000 sq. miles. Industries — Great copper, lead and iron mines beside other minerals. Agriculture, vine growing, olives, BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 55 oranges, lemons, pomegranates, dates, wheat, barley, maize, etc. Manufactures are developing. SWEDEN, 15 years, $75. Pop., 5,476,000. Area, 173,000 sq. miles. Industries — The match industry in this country is one of the finest in the world. Agriculture, woods of all sorts, especially pine, birch and fir, pitch and tar being some products ; oats, rye, barley, potatoes, dairy products, etc. Mining products include, iron and steel of a very high grade, gold, silver, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, cobalt, alum, sulphur, porphry, marble, coal, etc. Much manufacturing. URUGUAY, 9 years, $175. Pop., 1,000,000. Area, 72,000 sq. miles. Industries— Agriculture, wool, hides, horn, hair, tallow, jerked beef, wheat, barley, maize, etc. Sheep and cattle raising forms a great industry and constitutes the main value of the country. Gold mining to some extent. VENEZUELA, 5 to 15 years, $170 to $300. Pop., 2,700,000. Area, 360,000 sq. miles. Industries — Agriculture, coffee, cocoa, balata, gum, cat'le, hides, etc. Mining, gold and other metals. The foregoing are considered the most important countries for patent protection. Information as to any others will be supp 1 ied fully as occasion may arise. The Central and South American countries are not so important, at present as Euro- pean countries, and the cost is generally more, but we have given them rather fully, as it is quite probable that manu- facturing and general conditions in these Central and South American countries may be stimulated by the operation of the Panama Canal to such an extent that a patent on a meri- torious invention therein would be of great value. WARNING. Too much care, skill and faithful attention to a client's interests cannot be given in the preparation of the specifica- tion and claims of a patent application and in the prosecution thereof before the Patent Office. This applies also, though possibly with less force, in trade-mark, print and label and design patent applications. But in the mechanical, composi- tion and process patents many very valuable inventions, on which fortunes depend, are involved, and any lack of care or 56 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. skill, or any disregard for the interests of the client, in pre- paring the specification and drawing the claims and in subse- quent prosecution before the Patent Office is apt to result either in a void patent or in a patent, the claims of which are so restricted, so weak and of so little use as to be of no value, and in most cases such a patent is not worth the paper it is written or printed on; the engraving with the ribbon and seal may be artistic, but otherwise it has no value. In this con- nection it is a well-known fact, as set forth in the Report of the President's Commission on Economy and Efficiency, which was instructed to make an exhaustive study of the Patent Office and to report fully, with suggestions of any desired changes and improvements in the manner of handling the work in the Patent Office, and which reported accordingly to Con- gress on December 10th, 1912, THAT PROBABLY HALF OF THE U. S. PATENTS ISSUED ARE INVALID. The recent Commissioner of Patents, in 1912, in the hear- ings before the House Committee on Patents, stated that ABOUT SIXTY PER CENT. OF ALL PATENTS LITI- GATED PROVED TO BE INVALID. This is a very serious matter and should be given much consideration. WHAT are the causes for it? There are a number of causes, the chief among them, in our opinion, being the incompetent and unscrupulous attorney who dis- regards his client's interests entirely and taxes him the utmost he can for the least service rendered, to the great gain of the attorney and the great and often irreparable loss and damage of the client. You may often be tempted to employ some attorney who offers, as his main recommendation, that he will take the case for very small fees, or that he will handle it on the " no patent, no pay" or " patent obtained, or fee returned" basis. While this may at first appear as an economy, it is generally a very great extravagance, for most attorneys of this class know little about patent matters and leave the actual work of preparing and prosecution to their employees, often boys just out of school and novices, while they devote their energies to raking in more clients whom they proceed to treat in the same manner. Thus, a valuable invention is often lost to the in- BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 57 ventor by reason of the patent being void or the claims being so narrow that they are of no value, these contingencies being due to the fact that the person who actually prepared and prosecuted the case knew little or next to nothing about patent matters. Also, in most such offices the employees ARE REQUIRED TO TURN OUT A CERTAIN NUMBER OF CASES OR AMENDMENTS A DAY; this is their MAIN OBJECT, FOR ON IT DEPENDS THEIR POSITION AND SALARY. THIS MEANS HURRIED AND FAULTY WORK, LEADING TO WEAK OR VOID PAT- ENTS, EVEN THOUGH the person so preparing and prose- cuting the applications have sufficient ability in ordinary cir- cumstances to properly prepare and prosecute the particular applications. Also, in this connection it seems proper to call your atten- tion to the various highly colored so-called " certificates" sent out by these " no patent, no pay" or " patent obtained, or fee returned" people. We have a set before us, and they are pretty much all alike, the money being deposited in a bank in escrow usually in the first instance, to be paid the attorney on allowance — or other conditions hereinafter treated. In the " patent obtained, or fee returned" plan the money is paid in the first instance to the attorney and is retained by him, even if the case be finally rejected, unless certain conditions obtain, to be here stated. These so-called " certifi- cates of patentability" are much the same, being worded dif- ferently for the two plans above, but the conditions in them are practically identical for all. It is to be remembered that the present remarks are di- rected to a class, not against any particular person or firm. The literature before us happens to set forth the "patent obtained, or fee returned" plan. Their " certificate of patent- ability" provides that upon final rejection they will return all of their fee EXCEPT $10, PROVIDED THE REJECTION be made SOLELY ON PRIOR UNITED STATES PAT- ENTS and provided FURTHER that an APPEAL BE TAKEN AND PAID FOR BY YOU, if they so advise. Some of them go so far as to require that the prior U. S. patent so cited must have been properly classified; BUT WHO 58 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. is to be the judge of this, as the U. S. patents have never been completely scientifically classified. First, then, THEY KEEP $10 of their fee. Of course the first government FEE, $15, and the cost of the DRAWINGS, usually $5 per sheet, are a loss to the inventor, they are not returned as they are not part of the attorney's fee ; Second, the case must be rejected SOLELY ON PRIOR U. S. PATENTS. IF A FOREIGN PATENT IS CITED IT WILL BE SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THEM IN RE- FUSING TO RETURN ANY MONEY— for in such case who is to say that the application was not rejected on the foreign patent ? As a matter of fact we find that in very many cases some foreign reference is cited, though often avoided by pointing out differences, restricting the claims, &c, as with prior U. S. patents. Also, if the rejection be on a publication, on which the Office relies wholly or partially, that will be sufficient to support them in refusing to return any money; and Third, in case of rejection on prior U. S. patents an AP- PEAL MUST BE TAKEN to the Board of Examiners-in- Chief and PAID FOR BY YOU, if they so advise. The government appeal fee is $10 — and in their book they CARE- FULLY refrain from setting any definite figure for their fee, or any approximate figure therefor, saying they will give defi- nite figures when the occasion arises. Thus, in a hopeless case they MIGHT set their fee at $500 or $1,000 with the sole purpose of preventing the client from appealing. Of course, they state that if unsuccessful in such appeal they will re- turn their fee, but it must be paid them first, an they could easily name a sum, such as examples above, that could not be commanded by their client. If NO APPEAL is taken, then THEY are entitled to their fee, provided they advise appeal, and YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO ANY RE- FUND. Another one of the usual " certificates" or coupons is that for a FREE SEARCH, for which they state their usual charge is $5. They state that this search is made carefully through the records, &c. But they send you no copies of references or other data. ON THE BACK of the SAME BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 59 "certificate" is a warning against BOGUS SEARCHES, stating that o.ther attorneys offer to make FREE SEARCHES, but do not do so, but merely give an off-hand opinion from memory as to the probable patentability of the invention, without actually making a search. In other words, on the front of this coupon they OFFER to make a FREE SEARCH, on the back they WARN you against attorneys and firms who make such OFFERS TO MAKE FREE SEARCHES— a rather absurd proposition. Of course they say they make an actual search, but so do the others whom they decry. If copies of the nearest patents found are desired they give this search a different title and charge $5 for it. From the above it will be seen that their so-called " certifi- cate of patentability" gives them plenty of loop-holes and is practically worthless to you, also that their offer for a free search is on its face an absurdity. We make no such offers, give no " certificate of patenta- bility," nor do we give a free search. Our time is valuable and we charge for all time employed and services rendered. We charge $5 for our preliminary examinations or searches and give you our candid opinion as to patentability, with copies of the two or three closest references found. On receipt of this you are to determine as to further procedure. If we think it patentable we will say so; if not, we will be equally frank and advise you against applying. We need no cover and seek none, but look after your in- terests to the best of our ability and expect to get paid for our services and time so expended. The best plan for an inventor or others interested in patent matters is to pay a reasonable fee to an attorney and to make sure and employ a competent firm who will be prompt, care- ful, skilful and faithful to their clients' interests. This is the only safe way, and it is therefore the most economical way in the long run — the true test. OUR QUALIFICATIONS AND POLICY. This office was established in 1877 by the senior member of the present firm, which now consists of two members, Wiluam H. Babcock, Patent Office Registry No. 148, and the junior 60 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. member Richard E. Babcock, Patent Office Registry No. 9779. The Registration No. of the firm, Wm. H. Babcock & Son is 9986. The senior member, Wm. H. Babcock, who graduated in 1869 from the Law Department of Columbia University, now George Washington, one of the leading law schools of the country, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, has long been a member of the bar of the Supreme Court of the United States, the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia and other tribunals, State and Federal, in various parts of the country. From the beginning of 1873 to the summer of 1877 he served as an Examiner in the Patent Office, and he has spent the remaining 36 years within a few feet of it and in practice before it as well as before the various patent offices of the world, and the Federal Courts in patent and analogous causes, in which latter class of work he has had much in- valuable experience, having been lately retained in a string of infringement causes in Texas, involving the well screen and pump, &c., industry. He has never interrupted such work by more than a few day's rest or absence, and during so long a period has necessarily prepared and prosecuted numerous applications in all the various arts, losing only a very insignificant percentage indeed. Most of the specifica- tions and all of the infringement reports and opinions until the last five or six years have been prepared by him, as well as the more important amending and searching of all kinds, with a close supervision of all other and more clerical matters. Because of his ripe experience and expert knowledge gained by his forty years' steady work and study in patent matters he is eminently qualified to represent inventors before the Patent Offices of the United States and Canada and in foreign coun- tries, through associates of the highest standing, and to rep- resent the interests of inventors, corporations, manufacturers and others having patent interests in causes relating to patents, trade-marks, copyrights, &c, in the Federal Courts. The junior member, Richard E. Babcock. who graduated from the Law Department of the George Washington Uni- versity in 1911 with the degrees of Bachelor of Laws and Master of Patent Law, has been steadily associated with this BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 61 office since 1906, the copartnership having been formed in the spring of 1911. He is a member of the bar of the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, and of other tri- bunals, and a registered patent attorney and lawyer. He has also taken a short special course extending over a year and dealing with the internal-combustion engine, especially as adapted to automobiles, the construction of automobiles, and dealing with other associated mechanical arts. During his eight years' experience in this office he has made thousands of searches to determine as to the novelty and probable patent- ability of inventions, has made a number of validity and in- fringement searches and has assisted the senior member in a number of others, and other special investigations. He has prepared and prosecuted a number of applications distributed through the various arts and has assisted in the office work in causes pending in the Federal Courts. By reason of his long experience, special training and ex- pert knowledge obtained by study and work in this specialty, he is well qualified to represent inventors before the United States and Canadian Patent Offices and before the Patent Offices of foreign countries through local associates of the highest standing, and in causes before the Federal Courts. We use the utmost care in selecting our draftsmen and clerical force, employing only those whom we know to be well qualified for the work to be performed, without seeking to employ those who will work for the least without regard to the quality of work. We make a point of quality, not quan- tity, and in this, as in everything else, we give our clients only the best to be had. All matters have our personal attention, all cases are pre- pared and prosecuted, and all searches made, by one of the members of the firm personally. It would be an easy matter to cancel out all claims in an application that were objected to in the first official action, accepting only the ones that were allowed, and thus establish a reputation for promptness. But this means a disregard of the client's interests by usually giving up all protection that would be of any value to him, and such a reputation is un- desired by us. 62 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. The only way that anyone can expedite a case and still protect a client's interest faithfully is to respond promptly to all Office actions, amending as the case demands, and pointing out clearly and compellingly in an argument, which should be appended to each amendment, the points of distinction be- tween the elements of the claims and the elements of the references relied on by the Examiner, and this is the course that we follow ; fighting for all the applicant is entitled to and sticking until we get it, even though the inventor, who generally knows very little about the value and office of a claim, may urge us strenuously to hurry the grant of the patent. We are rendering services now to clients to whom this office rendered services in 1877 to 1890, and they have been highly satisfied with our services. Many of them are manufac- turers and by reason of their long acquaintance with patent matters have come into a realization of the importance of the claims and the necessity for care, skill and faithfulness to a client's interests in the preparation and prosecution of patent applications. Also, we have been receiving for over thirty years all the United States and Canadian patent and trade-mark applica- tions from a number of the leading patent attorneys or agents and firms in Europe. These facts in themselves are high testimonials to the value placed on our services by our clients and associates. On the following pages will be found a number of volun- tary unsolicited letters containing very gratifying remarks about our qualifications and services from eminent legislators and from clients all over the United States and embracing lawyers, manufacturers and others. Other references will be cheerfully furnished you if desired. In conclusion we would say that — We will not handle cases on a contingent arrangement, but expect in all cases to get paid, usually in advance, for all services rendered. We do not sell or buy patents. The reason for this is manifest. Letters of Appreciation and Approval Written during Recent Years. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 65 We present at the beginning a few letters from legislators of long experience and National Eminence. United States Senate, January 26, 1914. Hon. W. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Allow me to congratulate you on your book, compiling the patent laws and patent regulations, with much valuable informa- tion and suggestions added to the same. Your long experience as a patent lawyer has qualified you in a high degree for the preparation of this compilation, and 1 am sure your book will be found a most valuable and suggestive aid to those who desire to secure patents. You deserve great credit for undertaking this work and issuing this publication. Yours truly, KNUTE NELSON. Miles Poindexter, Wash., Chairman; William S. Kenyon, Iowa; George W. Norris, Nebr. ; Harry Dane, Oreg. United States Senate, Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. January 24, 1914. Mr. Wieliam H. Babcock, 33 Ee Droit Bldg., 802 F St., Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — I take this means of congratulating you on your useful compilation and exposition of the patent laws of the United States. You and your firm have had long experience in patent law practice, and the successful and faithful services, you have rendered to many clients in that branch of the protession will make your work a standard authority. Very truly yours, MIEES POINDEXTER. Sixty-Third Congress. John H. Stephens; Tex., Chairman; Chas. D. Carter, Okla. ; James M. Gudger, Jr., N. C; Thos. F. Konop, Wis.; J. D. Post, Ohio; Carl Hayden, Ariz.; Eewis E. Morgan, Ea. ; Dorsey W. Shackleford, Mo.; Robt. P. Hill, 111.; Allan B. Walsh, N. J.; John R. Clancy, N. Y. ; John M. Evans, Mont.; Wm. H. Murray, Okla.; Denver S. Church, Cal.; Charles H. Burke, S. Dak.; Philip P. Campbell, Kans. ; Bird S. McGuire, Okla.; Clarence B. Miller, Minn.; Charles M. Hamilton, N. Y. ; Patrick D. Norton, N. Dak.; Arthur R. Rupley, Pa.; James Wickersham, Alaska; James V. Townsend, Clerk; Paul H. Humphrey, Asst. Clerk. House of Representatives, Committee on Indian Aeeairs, Washington. February thirteenth, Nineteen Fourteen. My dear Sir: — It gives me pleasure to state that upon investigation I find your firm to have a reputation for careful, painstaking and con- scientious work and that you are commended by men of high position to all those seeking the services of patent attorneys. Very truly yours, C. D. CARTER. Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, EeDroit Building, Washington, D. £. 66 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. LAWYERS. This does not include any of the commendatory letters that we receive from any of the large number of our asso- ciates specializing in patent law — for obvious reasons. There are two or three patent attorneys we represented and who have retired or died, and letters from whom are included. As to Mr. Low we would say that this is not the first instance of an attorney, on his disability or death, directing his practice to this office, as far as he could control the matter, to this office. Also letters from Judge C. H. Han- ford and Hon. H. Burd Cassex, ex-Member of Congress, are included under this heading. Judge Hanford invented an important and rather complex machine and obtained a patent on it through our establishment. Mr. Cassfi, was an officer of a corporation which we represented as counsel in an infringement suit. We do not include any letters from foreign correspondents, as this would take up a great amount of space to no purpose. Chambers of United States District Judge, District of Washington. Corner Fourth Avenue and Marion Street Seattle, Washington, Nov. 23, 1903. Wm. H. Babcock, Patent Lawyer, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — By your last communication I am encouraged to hope that my patent will be issued very soon, and that the claims allowed will be valuable and amply sufficient to protect my invention. I have parties waiting to negotiate for the purchase of my right, and it will be very much to my advantage if the patent can be obtained within the next ten days. I inclose herewith a postal money order for the amount called for in your letter. This has been delayed a few days, on account of my being absent in the eastern part of the State when your communication was received. I feel obligated to you for prompt and faithful attention to my interests. Very truly yours, C. H. HANFORD. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 67 Fifty-Seventh Congress. George W. Smith, 111., Chairman; James E. Watson, Ind. ; IT. Burd Cas- sel, Pa.; Alvin Evans, Pa.; C. Q. Hildebrant, Ohio; T. F. Marshall, N. Dak.; George Sutherland, Utah; Francis W. Cushman, Wash.; William A. Jones, Va.; Philip I). McCulloch, Ark.; George G. Gilbert, Ky.; Asbury F. Lever, S. C. ; Dudley G. Wooten, Tex.; R. W. Wilcox, Hawaii, Delegate; John D. Morgan, Clerk. Committee on Private Land Claims, House of Representatives, U. S. Washington, D. C, January 18, 1902. Mr. William H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. My dear Mr. Babcock: — Your letter of January 15th addressed to me at Marietta was forwarded to me here for reply. I understand that Mr. Kulp will have some applications for patents, and he tried to see you last week when he was in Washington, but you were not in your office when he was here. Any work that Mr. Kulp may offer you to do will be paid for promptly. I note what you say in reference to the balance due you from the old company, and I will make it my business to see that the money is paid to you as soon as possible and get all that I can for you. I appreciate your position in the matter and will be only too glad to secure for you what is possible. Very truly yours, H. BURD CASSEL. F. M. Thompson, Attorney-at-Law, ]20 Randolph Street. Chicago, July 27, 1900. Wm. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Find ck. herewith fee in Faust & Ichberg, I am pleased with your work, and will remember you whenever I need a Washington man. Yours, F. M. THOMPSON. 147 East Second Street, Oswego, N. Y., February 24, 1899. Mrs. H. V. Heckman, Albany, N. Y. Dear Madam : — Your two favors — Jany. 21 and Feby. 21 — came to hand in due time; the first found me in bed in a doctor's hands, suffering from an attack of grippe from which I have not yet recov- ered, and I fear that I never shall. In regard to your application for patent I would say that my health is so very precarious that it is uncertain whether I shall ever be able to attend to business again. You ask me to refer you to some one who can attend to this case for you, and I would say that in the course of my business I have occa- sionally employed W. H. Babcock, of Washington, a former Examiner in the Patent Office, to attend to some of my work, he is a competent attorney and very reliable. * * * Very respectfully yours, WM. H. LOW. E. W. Abbott. Real Estate and Fire Insurance, 10 Whitney Opera House Block, Detroit, Mich., June 11, 1900. W. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Enclosed find check to pay for new drawing in case of Sarah J. Cobean for Detachable Clamp or Name Plate for Belts or Animal Collars. I am well pleased with the manner in which you 68 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. have conducted this matter, and shall not forget you if I have any occasion for an Associate Attorney in the future, which shall undoubt- edly shall have. Yours truly, E. W. ABBOTT. James E. Jenks, Attorney at Eaw, Pacific Bank Building, 255 Main Street. Pawtucket, R. I., March 24, 1902. WlLLIAM H. BABCOCK, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Yours of the 22d received. I think you have done all that could be done to get an allowance in the Bain case. I was afraid of it from the start. Have written to my man, but imagine that he will probably drop it. Better luck next time. Very truly yours, JAMES E- JENKS. Wallace G. McCauley, Attorney at Eaw, No. 120 North Third Street. Eafayette, Ind., April 2d, 1909. Wm. H. Babcock, Atty., Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — I am pleased to acknowledge your favor and copy of the answering amendment and argument of the delivery basket. * * * I am intending leaving here before she summer is over, and at that time I will be pleased to turn over to you whatever unfinished work I have in the patent line. It is probable too that I will need your assist- ance on the Newman patent. Mr. Crum has some' more ideas in reserve, and will take them up as soon as the present patent is put through. Yours truly, W. G. McCAUEEY. Frank E. Brown, Attorney. Waterville, Maine, Sept. 25, 1908. W. H. Babcock, Esq., Washington, D. C. My dear Sir: — I am writing you in the interest of a client of mine who has an adjustable hoe, which he wishes to patent, if he can. You and my father, the late S. S. Brown, have done business to- gether for some years, and I take the liberty to continue where he left off Possibly you may not have heard of his death. It occurred on the fifth of this month. He went home to dinner in the best of spirits and at about twelve o'clock was taken with a shock from which he died at ten o'clock that night. Now for my client's business. He has an adjustable hoe or pick. I am sending you a blue print of it, and it is so simple I think you can have no trouble to understand it fully. When it is one degree of slant it is a regular hoe, in another it can be used as a pick to pick the ice from the sidewalk and as a scraper to scrape the ice from the sidewalk. It can also be used to trim the edge of a lawn. Will you kindly look the blue print over and ascertain if there is anything in the way of patenting it and let me know, and we will pay you for the trouble and through you obtain the patent if one can be obtained. Very truly yours, FRANK E. BROWN. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 69 Law Offices of James M. Swift, George Grime, John T. Swift. Citizens Savings Bank Building, Cor. Main and Bedford Sts. Fall River, Mass., April 13, 1912. Messrs. William H. Babcock & Son, Washington, D. C. Dear Sirs: — Your valued communication of the 12th inst. enclosing official notice from the Patent Office that application No. 681,950, of Albert A. Smith, of this city, has been allowed, has been received, desire to compliment you upon the speedy culmination of this applica- tion so successfully, as your efforts in this instance are much appre- ciated by me and will be by my clients * * * My people are considering Canadian and British patents, but have thus far only discussed the matter, so that I cannot now say whether or not they will decide to make application for these foreign patents. If they do I will let you know promptly so that you may handle tlr=> matter for us, but I would suggest that you do not trouble yourself about the matter until you hear from me definitely. Yours very truly, JOHN T. SWIFT. Carlton, Townes & TownES, Lawyers, Houston and Beaumont, Texas. Beaumont, Texas, March 26, 1912. Wm. H. Babcock & Son, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: — We take pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your favor of 16th inst., in which you enclose official notice from the Com- missioner of Patents to the effect that the application of Andrew J. Henderson for a patent for an improvement in standing valve has been allowed, and we have notified Mr. Henderson to that effect. The official notice from the Commissioner of Patents requires that final fee of $20.00 be sent within six months, and with such fee the name of the inventor, title of invention, date of allowance, &c, and would ask that you please advise as to whether there is any par- ticular form in which this information should be given, and if so please send us the proper blank. As soon as we hear from you we will enclose the necessary fee together with that referred to in your last letter. Mr. Henderson asks that we thank you for your most excellent services, in which expression we join. Yours truly, CARLTON, TOWNES & TOWNES. Geo. P. Willis, Lawyer, El Campo, Texas, March 17th, 1912. Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., Washington, D. C. My Dear Mr. Babcock: — I received your very exhaustive letter about the unpolished rice and I thank you for your letter and the informa- tion therein contained; I had told Hancock, the interested party, just about what you would say, but my opinion w r as guess work and yours is conclusive. I have had Hancock express to you, prepaid, ten pounds of un- polished rice, and I herewith enclose you express receipt. This rice is not as tempting to the palate in its appearance as the white and polished goods, but it is rice and nothing else, while the finished article contains glucose, talcum, etc. If you can conveniently find a couple of the John Hancock post- cards, please send them to me; we may be able to do something with this matter along the lines that you suggested. Again thanking you for your letter, I am, Very sincerely yours, WILLIS. 7° BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. Head, Smith, Hare & Head, Attorneys at Law, Sherman, Texas, March 17, 1913. Mr. William H. Babcock, Attorney at Law, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — We have a client here, Mr. C. K. Smith, who has in- vented a railroad switch that cannot be split in cars running over it, which he desires to patent. He has a model of the switch, which will weigh twenty-five or thirty pounds. We wish you would write us a letter of instructions as to what to do in the premises in preparing the matter to send it to you for investigation and attention, and desire that you write us fully as to what expense there will be inci- dent to procuring this patent, what fees will have to be paid, and when, to the Department, and what your compensation will be, and how is it to be paid. A full letter at once will be greatly appreciated. Very truly yours, HEAD, SMITH, HARE, HAXEY & HEAD. Hunt, Myer & Teagee, Lawyers, Commercial Bank Building, Houston, Texas, 5/19/11. Hon. Wm. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C, Dear Sir: — A client of mine is desirous of having a trade-mark registered for a particular brand of butter which is gotten out by his Company, if it is not too expensive. We think he will want this matter attended to, and, of course, we will be glad to have you co- operate with us. Could you advise me the approximate cost of this, including your fee. I shall await your prompt reply to this letter, and will appreciate your giving the matter early attention. Mr. L\ W. Townes suggested your name to me, and asked that he be remembered to you. . Yours very truly, SEWALL MYER. Hunt, Myer & Townes, Lawyers. Houston, Texas, March 14th, 1907. Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — We are in receipt of your letter of the 11th inst. and in reply beg to say that we did not take the matter up further with you for the reason that the controversy involved in the suit pending .at that time was. adjusted by the parties. There are, however, other suits with reference to the same patents in contemplation at this time, and should they eventually be filea, we will be pleased to take the matter up with you further. Very truly yours, HUNT, MYER & TOWNES, Per Townes. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 7 1 MANUFACTURERS. From these letters it will be seen that from the beginning our clients have all been satisfied and pleased with our services and have recommended us to others, whose letters will be found herein, and that the latter have recommended us to still others, forming a regular steadily increasing chain of clients, well satisfied with our services. j. boekel Wm. Boekel & Co., Manufacturers of Metal Goods, Plumbers Goods, Surgical Goods, Chem- ical and Bacteriological Apparatus, 518 Vine Street, Philadelphia, July 28th, 1911. William II. Babcock & Son, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: — We received your letter of July 27th as well as notice from the Patent Office covering the application on the Centrifugal Devices, and enclosed you will find our check for $20.00, the final payment for this matter. We thank you for your efforts and are pleased at your success. Remaining, Respectfully yours, WM. BOEKEL & CO., SHERER. wm. boekel. Wm. Boekel & Co., j. boekel. Metal Spinners and Manufacturers of Metal Goods, Plumbers' Goods. Surgical Goods, Chemical and Bacteriological Apparatus. 518 Vine Street, Philadelphia, January 18th, 1901. Mr. William H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — We are in receipt of your favor of the 17th inst., and think that what you have done and intend to do is all right. It just suits us, if yon can make the claim for a Spray Tube made in three parts and insert in the statement that the two lower parts can be made in one. Trusting to hear good news soon, we remain, Respectfully yours, WM. BOEKEL, & CO. The Record Manufacturing Co., Manufactures Under George J. Record's Patents, Records, Folding Portiere Doors, Folding Portiere Screens, Folding Portiere Office Partitions, Folding Portiere Restaurant Stall Partitions, Folding Portiere Shozv Window Racks, Etc., Etc. Conneaut, .\shtabula County, Ohio, Nov. 13, 1905. Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — We are in receipt of Office's notice of allowance of our application for patent on "Curtain Roll," which I wish to congratulate you in obtaining. 7 2 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. Inclosed find my check on Mutual Sav. Asso. for $25, as you suggest, to pay for Government fee and $5 extra for service extra. Yours truly, GEO. J. RECORD. Watch the Red Hoops. The Conneaut Can Company, Conneaut, Ohio, June 5/02. Wm, H. Babcock, Patent Attorney, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — We have a little work which we desire to have done by some one familiar with the lay of the land, and wonder if you are in a position to give us your attention. You will perhaps remember the writer when you recall your trip to Conneaut for the Record Mfg. Co., when you made specifications for the crimping machine; the writer was engaged as stock and cost clerk. We have since left the old ship, and organized for ourselves, and are trying to build a trade outside of the large concern. We have some ideas which we wish to present to you, and if you are at liberty to give us your services, we will take the matter up further with you. Yours truly, THE CONNEAUT CAN CO., Per H. A. TruesdalE, President and General Manager. :i. a truesdale. President. a. h. curtiss, Sec'y and Treas. THE CONNEAUT CAN COMPANY, Incorporated 1901. Watch the Red Hoops. Offices in the Principal Cities. Conneaut, Ohio, November 7, 1913. William H. Babcock & Son, Rooms 33-34, DeDroit Bldg., Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: — We have your letter of the 5th, together with patent papers No. 1,077,677, for which we thank you, and we will be pleased to employ your services when we are again in need of them. With best wishes, we are your friends, THE CONNEAUT CAN COMPANY. The Conneaut Shovel Company, Shovel Specialists, The Ronberg Shovel, Mikkola Patent Ore Shovels. Conneaut, Ohio, 10/28/10. W. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — We have a small improvement for closing up ferrules on the back of shovels that we wish to have patented. The Conneaut Can people tell us that you handled some patents for them that were very satisfactory- We would like to have you quote us prices for making search and getting the patent, providing this die is patentable. We will send you drawing and photographs of the die, and full de- scriptions, etc. Your friends, THE CONNEAUT SHOVED CO., Per G. W. Benton, Sec'v and Treas. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 73 The Conneaut Shovel Co., Shovel Specialists. Conneaut, O., 11/3/13. Wm. H. Babcock & Son, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: — We have yours of the 31st and copies of letters. We believe you have handled this in the best possible way. We are, your friends, THE CONNEAUT SHOVEL, CO., Per G. W. Benton, Sec'y and Treas. o Elevator Barge Company, E. P. Wilber Trust Co., 18 Broadway, New York. Rye, Westchester County, N. Y., April 8, 1912. Messrs. W. H. Babcock & Son, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: — I have yours of the 5th Oct. last, as also of the 1st Feby. last, and for both of which I thank you. Many years have past since I first commenced to do business with your senior, and I am pleased to see by your letters that he seems to be the same active man that I have always found him, and that his hand- writing does not seem to vary one particle. In reply to yours of the 1st Feby. will say that I am still inventing in the transportation of coal. * * * Hoping that you are enjoying good health, I am, yours very truly, C. STEWART SCHENCK. South Texas Grain Co., Manufacturers of Stock Feeds, Houston, Texas, March 10, 1913. Messrs. Wm. H. Babcock & Son, Rooms 33-34 LeDroit Bldg., 802-810 F Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: — We are in receipt of your valued favor of the 6th inst. with enclosure of check for $30.00, for which we thank you. When we have any further business in your line we will be glad to give same to you. Yours very truly, SOUTH TEXAS GRAIN COMPANY, J. V. Neuhaus, Vice President. American Shovel and Stamping Co. Eorain, Ohio, May 13. 1904. W. H. Babcock, Patent Attorney, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — You will recall having made investigation for us and our attorney, Geo. B. Marty, upon several occasions in regard to Pressel Steel Seats. We are about to make application for patent on a new idea in regard to same, and will thank you to advise us as to your charge for preparing the application and procuring the patent. If same is satisfactory we would be disposed to send you dummy which would give you the ideas which we wish covered, and would you be in shape to give the matter immediate attention and prosecute it vigorously to the end that we would get the patent at the earliest possible date? Very truly yours, AMERICAN SHOVEL, & STAMPING CO., R. T. J. Martin, Vice Pres. and Gen. Mgr. 74 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. "Parlor Bowling Alley," "Parlor Bagatelle," "Columbia Base Ball," "Is Marriage a Failure," "7 up" or "Help Your Neighbor." Pat. July 27th, 1897. — Send for our Illuminated Circular. (established 1870) M. Redgrave. Manufacturer of Patented Parlor Games, Factory: 16 Willow Court, 568 Pavonia Avenue. Telephone 3293. Jersey City, N. J., April 25, 1905. Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C Dear Sir: — Your kind favor received, and assure you that your efforts are greatly appreciated and I feel confident that you will not cease your efforts until you have secured the patent for me. With best wishes to yourself and family, I am, Yours truly, M. REDGRAVE. Evangeline Iron Works., Limited, Machine Shop and Blacksmith Work of All Kinds. Pipe Threading and Oil Well Supplies, Evangeline, La. — Vinton, La. Vinton, Da., Dec. 5th, 1911. Messrs. W. H. Babcock & Son, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: — We beg to acknowledge receipt of the Patent Papers on the Savoie Blow Out Preventer which arrived in the mail yesterday. Should we ever have anything further in this line we shall be glad to bave you handle it for us. Yours respectfully, EVANGELINE IRON WORKS, LTD., J. F. Reaney. Neidich Process Company, Manufacturers of Duplicating Machines, Typewriter Ribbons, Carbon Papers. Factories and General Offices, Burlingtcn, N. J. Burlington, January 25, 1911. Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — We have your valued favor of the 24th inst.. and enclose herewith check for your invoice in the matter. The informa- tion you have given us is exactly what we wanted, and we thank you for your promptness in attending to same. We are, yours very truly, NEIDICH PROCESS COMPANY, S. A. Neidich, President. Marshall Furnace Co., Wolverine Furnaces for All Kinds of Fuel. Marshall, Mich., Aug. 7/09. Mr. Wm. H. Babcock. Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — I have a little device on which I am thinking of taking out a patent. Mr. J. C. Wells of this city states he has had considerable work done by you and same has been satisfactory. Wish you would write me giving me a little information as to what steps it would be necessary for me to take in order to place the matter before you in such shape that you may take such steps as are necessarv to secure this patent. Yours very truly, A. E. BACON. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 75 The Charles Boldt Glass Company, Manufacturers of Bottles. Factories: Muncie, Ind., and Cincinnati, O. Cincinnati, O., August 24, 1904. Mr. W. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — We have your favor of the 20th inst., and are returning the petition signed by the Company. You have made a note " assignee sign," and we presumed our signature was correct, although the petition specifies " inventor's full name." We have a customer who wants to patent a bottle, but this bottle has been on the market for two years or more and we doubt that anything can be done. If it can, however, we would be glad to have you advise us. Yours truly, THE CHARLES BOLDT GLASS COMPANY, Fr. O. W. Schwenck, Sec'y. Office of the El Campo Machine Co., Manufacturers of the Gray Pump and Steel Pit with Well Appliances for Irrigation Purposes. El Campo, Texas, Feb. 21/10. Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Your kind favor of the 17th inst. duly received. Thank you for the promptness in giving the information requested. * * * Orders are waiting on us for the pumps. Had we the capacity, no telling how many we could sell. Again thanking you for the information, we are, yours truly, EL CAMPO MACHINE CO., C. Evans, Secretary. J. H. Rushton, Canoes, Pleasure and Hunting Boats. Canton, N. Y., Aug. 26, 1905. Wm. H. Babcock. Esq., Washington, D. C. Dear' Sir: — Your letter and inclosure in re trade-mark ''Indian Girl" is received. Thanks. In regard to registration in Canada, at present I would say: No, not trade enough to pay. However, will let it rest. Yours truly, J. H. RUSHTON. The Boston Bookholder Company, Telephone 3760 Main, 311 Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts. W. H. Babcock. Dear Sir: — Clark Reynolds has perfected certain useful inventions and improvements on printing presses • and wishes to retain you to look after his interest in the Patent Office. Kindly communicate with him in re? ar d to amount of cost in fees, etc., amount to be sent with first application. Trusting you are well, and being pleased to renew my acquaintance with you. I remain, yours, GEO. E. DREW. Address Clark Reynolds, 318 Columbus Ave., Boston, Mass. 76 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. w. m. harrison, President. n. c. harrison, Treasurer. Harrison Waterproof Materials Co., Inc., Manufacturers — Contractors, Hudson Terminal, 30 Church St. Telephone, Cortlandt 3124. New York, July 3rd, 1911. Wm. H. Babcock & Son, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: — Noting your esteemed letter of the 1st inst., we have decided that the subject of our proposed patent is not of sufficient importance to undertake the risk naturally shown by your examina- tion. Glad indeed to send you anything that may come up that may mutually interest us. Very truly yours, HARRISON WATERPROOF MATERIALS CO., W. M. Harrison, President. Alabama Consolidated Coal & Iron Co., Manufacturers of Pig Iron and Coke. Brookwood, Ala., November 19th, 1903. Mr. W. H. Babcock, Atty. at L,aw and Sol. of U. S. and Foreign Patents, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Mr. Byrne, of Birmingham, Ala., has directed me to you. I wish to make application for letters patent of the U. S. My inven- tion is "Ore and Coal Washer." The drawings are ready in a day or two. I wish to apply for patent at once in order to protect the invention, because the washer will go into commission as soon as my drawings are ready for manufacturing. Please give me all the necessary in- structions. Inform me of the fees and the total cost. I may have to apply for foreign patents. Yours very truly, Iv. A. O. GABANY, Chief Engineer, Brookwood, Ala. o Represented in the principal Cities of the U. S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and South America. UNIVERSE MANUFACTURING CO., INC., Owners of H. W. Pitz & Co., Manufacturers of Leather Goods, Diaries, Memo Books and Advertising Nevelties. Bookbinders — Commercial Printers. Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. Geo. A. Smith, President. Robert J. Brunker, Vice-President. !Louis G. Groh, Treas. and Genl. Mgr. April 10th, 1913. Messrs. Wm. H. Babcock & Son, Room 33, EeDroit Bldg., 802 F St., N. W., Washington, D. C. . Gentlemen :— We beg to acknowledge with sincere thanks receipt of your favor of April 9th, and contents carefully noted. After all it would seem to us that the . litigation would be a very long one and. expensive and very little could be accomplished, for the sale of the little purse, in our opinion, is not worth while to go after. We are just now making up a purse and expect to send you sample and application for patent shortly. Meanwhile, we remain, with our thanks, Yours very truly, UNIVERSE MANUFACTURING CO., INC., H. W. Pitz & Co. Louis G. Groh, Mgr. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 77 White Foot Remedy Co. r. clayton Thomas, Manager. Centreville, Maryland, 5/11/12. Messrs. Wm. H. Babcock & Son. Dear Sirs: — Yours of the 9th received and contents noted, and thank you for your candor. ^ Although I am very much surprised and disappointed, I appreciate the fact that your long experience in this class of work makes you a competent judge. I would like very much to have this medicine pro- tected by copyright, and if you can offer any suggestions they would be appreciated as I do the treatment accorded me by you. Should I make any change or do anything needing the service of an attorney, shall certainly write you. Yours very truly, R. CLAYTON THOMAS, Per White Foot Remedy Co. THE CROWLEY IRON & MACHINERY COMPANY, E. L. savoie, Manager. . Crowley, Louisiana, Aug. 31/12. Mr. William H. Babcock Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — You having previously obtained a patent for me which was granted last November, and beiner well satisfied of your services, I now wish you to obtain, if possible, another patent for me, or at least I should say, obtain a patent in a device I am interested in. My other patent, as you will remember, was for an Oil Well Blow- Out Preventer. * * * Trusting you will give this matter your prompt attention, as in the other patent you obtained for me, I am, yours truly, E. L- SAVOIE, 419 Ave. G, Crowley, Ea. Powell-Haskins Manufacturing Co., 5 Union Street, Corner North, Telephone Connection, 702 Richmond. Boston, Mass., March 7, 1912. Mr. Wm. H. Babcock & Sons. My Dear William: — I have received your letter of February 24th and thank you for your interest in behalf of my father and myself. You will note by this letterhead that I am established in manu- facturing business and my time is considerably taken up along this line. Father has failed considerably in the last few years, and although he is still interested in inventions, yet I doubt if he will be able to do anything in a practical way with them any longer. Both of us have surely appreciated your methods of doing business, and we have always felt that in you we had an attorney who would handle our business in the best possible manner, and the writer has taken pleasure in recommending you in several instances and will continue to do so. Wishing you every success, we remain, Yours very truly, EEANDER M. HASKINS. Hamilton Watch Company, Manufacturers of Finest Quality Watch Movements, Lancaster, Pa., U. S. A., November Fourth, 1913. Messrs. Wm. H. Babcock & Son, Gentlemen: — I have the pleasure of your very much esteemed favor of the 3rd and at different times in the past have received your letters, but thinking that some time when I was in Washington I would stop in to see you, I did not answer the same. 78 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. I have not taken out any patents tor a long time, and if I had I think I would send them to you. I have changed the nature of my business some years ago, as you will see from the above, and if at any time we take out any patents in this Company I will be glad to keep you in mind, although there seems to be very little room for patents at present, in the line of watches. 1 am glad to hear that you are getting other business from Lancaster, and extend to you my very best wishes for your continued success, and remain, Yours very sincerely, CHARLES F. MILLER, President. w. s. crum, President. w. E. sheets, Sec'y-Treas., oscar yundt, Vice-President. Sanitary Metal Basket Company, Manufacturers of Metal Delivery Baskets, Egg Delivery Cases and Paper Bag Holders. Lafayette, Ind., Nov. 7/13. Wm, Babcock & Son, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: — In answer to your letter 3d inst., will say you can use me for reference at any time. In fact I have recommended you to all that come to me and ask me in regard to patents. We are doing nicely with our baskets. Respectfully, W. S. CRUM. Central Pennsylvania Lumber Company. Williamsport, Pa., June 15, 1906. W. H. Babcock, Esq. Dear Sir: — My friend, Charles Eldon, of this city, tells me you are a first-class patent lawyer, capable of taking care of a matter in good shape, and generally looking after the interests of a client. Wish you would kindly give me such general information as you can with regard to the taking out of patents on machine. * * * Yours truly, C. S. DUBELLE. Established 1865. E. Keeler Company. Automobile Department. Williamsport, Pa., May 18, 1906. Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — In my conversation with Mr. Chas. Eldon, of this city, he advised me that he had had some business relations with you which were very satisfactory. In view of this fact, I enclose $5 to cover preliminary charges for making search for Patent Claim, which you will find within. Kindly advise me at your early convenience regard- ing same, and oblige. Sample of Tread shipped by express today. Yours very truly, A. A. MAITLAND. Established 1876. Tammany Organet Co., Manufacturers of Automatic Instruments and Perforated Music Rolls, 17 West 24th Street, Telephone Madison Sq. 4428. New York, Dec. 22d, 1909. W. H. Babcock, The writer is in doubt whether Mr. Babcock is still living and con- ducting business at the same old stand; if so, please note the fact on the within card, and oblige, Yours truly, J. McTAMMANY. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 79 The Atlantic Refining Company. Lancaster, Pa., April 17, 1903. William H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Kindly send me some information relative to securing and obtaining patents. Have a trivial article which, if patentable, will place in your hands. For your information, my father, Levi K. Landis, had a cork machine patented in '93, which matter was run through your hands. The article which we have in mind is intended for advertising purposes and household use; is a simple as can be made. Refer to a newspaper file. Kindly let us hear from yon at an early date. Yours truly, EM FRY LANDIS, 409 East King, Lancaster. Caldwell- Watson Foundry & Machine Company, Furnace, Mill & Mine Work, P. O. Box 276. Fifth Avenue and 13th Street. Telephone 376. Birmingham, Ala., July 6th, 1903. Mr. W. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C Dear Sir: — We send you under separate cover blueprint of a cinder car and would like to know the parts of said car that are patented; but before investigating same, write us your charges for same. (You were recommended to us by Mr. J. A. Wiggs, formerly of this place.) A prompt reply will be appreciated. \ ours respectfully, CALDWELL-WATSON FDY. & MACH. CO. Mitchell Gas Generator and Burner Co. Principal Offices, 95 Milk St. incorporated 1899. Boston, Aug. 1, 1900. Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., 709 G St., Northwest, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Yours of July 30th was received and we are very much pleased to hear that the original lamp patent of Mr. Mitchell's has been allowed. Since Mr. Mitchell and myself left Washington we have been favored by decree of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, giving vis our case, which practically settles the whole matter, and we expect to finish the Master's hearing this week. In reference to the model, * * * This, however, is left entirely to your discretion, knowing, as I do, that you will see that our interests are thoroughly looked after, and if possible keep us posted as to what they are doing. Have you investigated about the trade-marks, for that is a matter which I wish to attend to as soon as possible. Mr. Mitchell is now at work upon the improvements to be filed on the Soldering Irons and Sad Iron, and will be forwarded to you in due time. Very truly yours, MITCHELL GAS GENERATOR AND BURNER CO., Otis Eddy, Prest. 80 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. OTHER INVENTORS AND CLIENTS. These classes of clients necessarily overlap more or less. Among the following are some who have taken part in exten- sive manufactures. The number of letters from inventors of course could be very greatly increased if it were feasible to ex- amine the whole volume of past correspondence. D. R. Barton, Dealer in Hardware, Co-Op. Building, Second Street. North Yakima, Wash., June 22d, 1900. Hon. W. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Your circular letter of May 26th was forwarded to me from Mem- phis, Tenn., and came in good time, as I had lost your address. I send in this letter, sketch and description of flue stop which I think will be sufficiently plain to you. Please proceed at once and file caveat. As soon as caveat is filed I will make arrangements for its manufacture, and at expiration of one year can then obtain patent on same. I will be guided by your advice as to the best method of procedure, but I do not. wish to go to the expense of a Patent until I see how the flue stop takes with the trade. I believe I have invented a good thing, as there is a great demand for a stop that will remain firmly in the opening. Please push this matter as fast as possible, so as to prevent anyone getting ahead of me. Send me some of your cards and prices for obtaining Patents, filing caveats, &c, and I will try to obtain some business for you in this section. Very truly yours, D. R. BARTON. Columbia, Tenn., Jan. 5, '06. Wm. H. Babcock, 709 G St., Northwest, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Rec'd yours dated Dec. 22, and please accept my most hearty thanks for your opinion and frankness. From it I consider you a very reliable and competent patent att'y. * * * Very sincerely, Iy. C. BURGARD, Columbia, Tenn. C. F. Parmentrr, Machinist. Inventing a Specialty. We Have Helped Others, We Can Help You. Portlandville, N. Y., Feb. 1, 1904. Dear Sir: — I am advised by Mr. C. B. Hawver, of Milford, N. Y., that you are a successful Patent Attorney, and that it would be well for me to employ you in regard to obtaining a patent right on my kerosene oil carburetor. * * * Very respectfully, C. F. PARMFNTFR. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 8 1 Dr. G. O. Hannah, Dentist, Cor. Union and Coburg Sts. St. John, N. B., Aug. 8, 1904. Mr. W. H. Babcock, Dear Sir: — I shall require the services of a Patent Attorney again, and as I do not just now know what your view of myself as a client may be, I should be glad to hear from you. All I want is the assurance that I have your undivided interest in my behalf, as I feel I have the assurance of honest dealing from you already. The case needs no search and will involve much capital. Kindly let me hear from you. Yours truly, GEO. O. HANNAH. Cor. Mass. and Front Aves., Buffalo, New York, Nov. 26th, 1902. Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — In the year of 1883 you obtained a patent for me, No. 281,531, which was assigned to the Chas. Parker Co., Meriden, Conn. Are you still in business? If so please inform me how to proceed to obtain a patent on what we will call a self-draining inner wash boiler, which I think is new and patentable. The model * * * Awaiting an early reply, I remain yours, Respectfully, WM. G. LEONARD. H. M. Williamson, Denver. W. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Replying to your favor of the 12th instant, will say that I am very much pleased with the tone of your letter, and am very well satisfied with your amendment, which I have every reason to believe will be accepted by the examiner. If you have a copy of the concentrator specifications, as allowed by the Patent Office, kindly forward same to me. I think you have done this work very skilfully, and am very much pleased that you have so well understood the points furnished you. Trusting that we may have an early allowance, and awaiting the pleasure of your reply, I remain, Yours truly, Jan., 17, 1899. H. M. WHJJAMSON. Columbus, Ohio, June 23, 1905. Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., Washington, D. C. My dear Friend: — Your kind favor is duly received and in answer would say I have not been doing anything in the patent business for a long time, but if I had something good to handle, I could make good use of it, as I have gone out of manufacturing business, and I have not much business on hand. I am getting old. If you will send me some of your business cards I will try and do you some good. I can frankly recommend you to my friends. Yours truly, JOHN SHORT. 6 82 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. Conneaut, Ohio, Oct. 27, 1903. Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Your letter containing notice of patent allowance No. 173,451 received. Enclosed you will find New York draft payable to your order for the final fee, Twenty Dollars. I am pleased that we have encountered no difficulty in securing this patent and with the dispatch with which it has been granted. I wish to thank you for the interest you have taken in the matter and also for your encouraging letter of the 23d inst. Shall be glad to see that you have a supply of penholders as soon as some are manufactured, and if I decide to take out foreign patents I will be glad to have you look after my interests. Respectfully, C. M. COOK. Hawkinsville, Ga., Nov. 30, '09. W. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Hear I am again. This is with good news. I have placed my planter in the hands of a responsible party on a royalty. You remember I spoke of my certified copy being defaced. I want another in case I should need it, so please send, with the cost of one; also information about a caveat. I have something I want to work up and I am obliged to get help on, and I want protection while I work. I shook hands with the President over my Planter at the Georgia State Fair in Macon. Yours respectfully, SARAH F. DYKES. Louis G. Groh, Expert Accountant. Philadelphia, 8/3/07. Wm. H. Babcock, Esq., Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Through the courtesy of Wm. Boekel & Co. haying rec'd your name, would inquire whether a Patent could be obtained on a feed box, sketch of which I endeavored to show on back of this. Awaiting your reply, I am, Respectfully yours, LOUIS G. GROH, 73 Collom St., Germantown, Phila. SALEM WlLLARD R. HAIGHT, BEREA riverside Baptist Pastor, RAMOrTH-GiLEAD Elizabeth City, N. C, May 3/12. Mr. W. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. My dear Mr. Babcock: — I have a friend who has invented a device and desires to patent same. Won't you please let me know by return mail what your terms are for a preliminary examination and the pressing of a patent before the Commissioner of Patents? With best wishes, iours sincerely. atpttT -o- Houston, Texas, 6/10, 1910. Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, Washington. Dear Sir: — You have been referred to me by Attorneys Walters, Lane & Storey as a Patent Attorney of Washington. I have an invention that I would like to secure a patent on. Kindly write me at once and give me all possible information as to how to secure the patent. Yours ttuly, ^ mlC nS, 612 La Bronch, Houston, Texas. BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. 83 Mr. Wm, H. Babcock, Maiden, Mass., June 7th, 1910. Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Babcock: — The papers received all right. I had signed the papers, but I had to wait for the seal, and the delay gave me a chance to remove the application papers. You will notice they were signed the 28th, but I don't think that will make any difference as the seal was not stuck on. I consider this first class this time; everything pleases me. Yours for this morning, WILLIS MITCHELL. Lancaster Infirmary of Osteopathy, Dr. John D. Burkholder, 511-513 Woolworth Bldg. Lancaster, Pa., Feb. 9th, 1909. Mr. Wm. H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir:— I find it will be * * * 1 am glad that my influence has put you in touch with several parties that are putting business in your hands. Dr. Sherwood was asso- ciated with me in office for some time; I often commented on your fighting ability, in his presence. I am, very sincerely yours, JOHN D. BURKHOLDER, D. O. Dr. Warren A. Sherwood, No. 142 North Duke St. Lancaster, Pa., Aug. 8, 1913. Wm. H. Babcock & Son, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: — I have yours of the 7th. I have not forgotten you, neither have I forgotten your ability as patent solicitors, and I beg to state that in the near future I shall visit you in Washington, relative to a patent matter. I shall want a preliminary search made for a careful preparation of claims, and I know of no one that will suit me quite so well as yourselves. Very truly yours, WARREN A. SHERWOOD. Gorham, Feb. 27th, '12. My dear Friend Babcock: I would like to know if you are in the land of the living and if you are now in the patent business. I am working on new ideas, and have been for some time; have several. I shall get a preliminary examination on one to start with, as soon as I hear from you. Hope this will find you well and happy, I am, sincerely yours, J. T. HASKINS, Gorham, Maine. Charles H. Eldon, Taxidermist, 331 West Fourth Street, Williamsport, Pa. Bell Telephone 744-B — Postoffice Box 435. October 12, 1910. Mr. William H. Babcock, Washington, D. C. Dear Sir: — Your letter of the 10th at hand and contents noted. At the present time I am not making any patents. I recommended you to a number of people and possibly they may have business with you. Respectfully yours, CHARLES H. ELDON. 84 BABCOCK'S BOOK FOR INVENTORS. IF SATISFIED WITH OUR SER- VICES, RECOMMEND US TO YOUR FRIENDS AND OTHERS. IF NOT, TEEE US, AND WE WII^L SEE THAT YOU ARE- WE BElylEVE A SATISFIED CLIENT IS THE BEST RECOMMENDATION WE CAN HAVE-