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 ¥ EXPOSITION 
 
 (IK TIIR EltllOKS (IK TirE 
 
 §m IJoi'h J'tittc tfolonixatioii fotictn, 
 
 IN ITS LATE ATTACKS 
 
 .mcricau Cfllonijiitidn ^ocictir. 
 
 NEW YORK : 4 
 
 MACDONAI.n & PALMKR, I'lUNTKRS, 7^3 DROADWAV. 
 
 1870. 
 
 
?.? 
 
 S-C^-L 
 
EXPOSITIONS^ 
 
 OP THE ERRORS OF THE 
 
 NEW YORK STATE COLOXIZATION SOCIETY, 
 
 IX ITS 
 
 LATE ATTACKS ON THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY. 
 
 A PAMPHLET of twenty-nine pages, entitled, " Statement of the 
 New York State Colonization Society as to its Differences with the 
 American Colonization Society," was publislied in March, 1870. It 
 was soon followed by another, of fourteen pages, entitled, " Synopsis 
 of the Effort made in behalf of the American ColonizationSociety, 
 to get control of the field of the New York State Colonization 
 Society, in violation of the pledge of non-interference.'"'- These 
 were preceded by a series of publications from the office of the 
 
 * These pamphlets are without signature, but the " Statement " was accom- 
 panied by the following, on a loose slip of colored paper : 
 
 " Colonization Officr, Room 22, Bible House, ) 
 " JVm Yorh, March 1.^, 1870. j 
 
 " At the regular monthly meeting of the Board of Control of the New York 
 State Colonization Society, held this day, the President of the Society, Hon. James 
 W. Beekraan, in the chair, a statement prepared by a Committee previously 
 appointed, was reported complete, whereupon the Board passed the following 
 resolution : 
 
 " Resolved, That the statement of this Society, as to its differences with the 
 American Colonization Society, prepared and now presented to the Board of Con- 
 trol, be adopted, and copies be given to persons interested in the cause of African 
 Colonization, whose minds may have been abused by the false statements put 
 forth against this Society. 
 " A true copy from the minutes of the Board. 
 
 " J. M. G01.BBERG, Recording Secretary." 
 
 The Society, therefore, is responsible for it. But it ought to be known that its 
 President, by whose name it seems to be authenticated, and two other members of 
 the Board, voted against its adoption. 
 
State Societv, beginning aliout June, ISGO, arguing that funds 
 should not be given to the American Colonization Society for 
 sending out emigrants, because they were not needed ; nor for the 
 promotion of education, because that Society could not lawfully 
 receive or use them ; but should be given to the State Society, 
 Avhich had more comprehensive powers. These publications con- 
 tain representations concerning matters of fact, which it appears 
 to be a duty to correct. 
 
 THE " DIFFERENCES " IN NEW YORK. 
 
 The title-page of tlie "Statement" sophistically hides a very 
 important fact. The " Differences " of the State Society were pri- 
 marily and mainly with a very large and respectable portion of 
 its own members. They had been growing for many years, and 
 culminated, in New York, in November, 1869, when a new Soci- 
 ety was formed, called the " New York Colonization Society." It 
 was organized at a meeting called with the " cordial approval," 
 in writing, of Samuel F. B. Morse, Moses Allen, Thomas De Witt, 
 II. K. Corning, John N. McLeod, AVm. C. Alexander (N. J.), 
 Talbot W. Chambers, Ambrose K. Ely, Hiram Ketchum, II. K. 
 Bull, R. M. Olyphant, S. D. Alexander, Benjamin I. Ilaight, Jo- 
 seph Holdich, J. McElroy, William U. Ilallock, James C. Hol- 
 den, S. Irenaius Prime, Henry Young, Burr Wakeman, John P. 
 Crosby, T. C. M. Paton, Guy Richards, David M. Stone, Zach- 
 ary Eddy, Theodore L. Mason, Joseph Kimball, A. S. Barnes, 
 Francis B. Wheeler, S. M. Buckingliam, C. J. Buckingham, Ed- 
 ward L. Beadle, Charles S. Ilagcman, Erastus Corning, Thomas 
 W. 01cott,E. P. Prentice, A. E. Campbell, W. G. T. Shcdd, John 
 A. Stewart, T. II. Skinner, William Ives Budington, William 
 Adams, Jolin Hall, Henry Day, James Brown, C. II. McCormick, 
 Jonathan Sturges, David Terry, L. H. King, George N. Titus, 
 Henry C. Potter, William Dennistoun, Stewart Brown, J. Stan- 
 ford Holme, George W. Jewctt, Joseph W. Harper, Thomas D. 
 Anderson, Robert Carter, II. B. Ridgaway, Caleb T. Rowe, S. D. 
 Burchard, T. Ralston Smith, Jolin Van Orden, J. D. Vermilye, 
 Samuel Cooke, Henry Rose, William F. Morgan, John Hancock, 
 R. S. Storrs, Jr., N. H. Schenck, William Walker, Norman Sea- 
 ver, Henry G. Manpuuid, H. D. Ganse, Thomas Jereiniaii. 
 
Of these, Dr. Dc Witt was President, Messrs. Allen, Ketclium, 
 and Ilaight were Vice-Presidents, and some others were officers 
 of the New York State Society. The officers of the new Society 
 were as follows, viz. : 
 
 PRESIDENT. 
 Prof. Samukl F. B. Morse, LL. D. - 
 
 New York. 
 
 VICE- PR ESIDENTS. 
 
 Hon. Erastus Corning 
 
 Rt. Rev. Horatio Potter, D. D. 
 Rev. JoFiN N. McLeod, D. D. 
 Stephen M. Buckingham, Esq. - 
 Rev. Samuel W. Fisher, D. D. 
 Rev. Walter Clark, D. D. 
 
 Albany. 
 New York. 
 
 Pougbkeepsie. 
 
 Utica. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 SECRETARY AND TREASURER. 
 Almon Merwin, Esq. --.... 
 
 BOARD OF MANAGERS. 
 
 New York. 
 
 H. K. Corning, Esq., New York. 
 
 H. K. Bull, Esq., 
 
 Henry Day, Esq , " 
 
 Rev. S. D. Alexander, D. D., " 
 
 Rev. Wm. F. Morgan, D. D., " 
 
 Rev. Bexj. I. Haight, D. D., " 
 
 Rev. H. C. Potter, D.D., 
 
 Rev. H. L. King, 
 
 Rev J. S. Holme, D.D., 
 
 James C. HoLDEN,Esq., " 
 
 T. C. M. Paton, Esq., " 
 
 J. D. Vermilye, Esq., " 
 
 John P. Crosby, Esq., New York. 
 
 C. H. McCormick, Esq., 
 Ambrose K. Ely, Esq., 
 Burr Wakeman, Esq., 
 Rev. David Terry, 
 John Van Orden, Esq., 
 Rev. Zachary Eddy, D. D., Brooklyn. 
 Rev. W. I. Budington, D. D., " 
 Theodore L. Mason, M. D., " 
 Wm. H. Hallock. Esq., " 
 
 Thomas W. Olcott, Esq.,- Albany. 
 
 E. P. Prentice, Esq., " 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 Rev. Benj. I. Haight, D.D., New York] H. K. Bull, Esq , New York. 
 
 Rev. S. D. Alexander, D. D., " Jacob D. Vermilye, Esq., New York. 
 
 Henry G. Marquand, Esq., " | 
 
 The dissatisfaction which led to this result had been growing 
 for many years ; especially since the change of policy which fol- 
 lowed the death of Anson G. Phelps, Jr.. President of the Society, 
 in May, 1858. 
 
4 
 
 THE " DIFFERENCES " AT WASHINGTON. 
 
 At the annual meeting of the Directors of the American Coloni- 
 zation .Society, on Tuesda}-, January 18, 1870, the Committee on 
 Credentials were the same persons as in 1869, and its Chairman 
 the same as in I8G8 and 18GT. Among the papers referred to 
 them, was one showing a pecuniary basis for six Delegates, and 
 six only, from the State of New York. Other papers showed the 
 appointment of six Delegates by each of the two Societies existing 
 in that State ; all the twelve claiming seats on the same pecuniar}'' 
 basis, which was sufficient only for six. Another paper was the 
 following : 
 
 New York City, December 1, 18G9. 
 
 Wc, the undersigned, do hereby certify, that we are not in sympathy with the 
 policy and acts of the New Yorli State Colonization Society, and that the dona- 
 tions which we have made during the year 1869, to the American Colonization 
 Society, were not intended by us to increase the representation of the said New 
 York State Colonization Society at the annual meeting of the American, or Pa- 
 rent Society, And we do further certify, that wc are in syinpaihy with the New 
 York Colonization Society, organized in the City of New York, November 
 25, 1869, and do hereby approve of such organization. And we desire that all 
 our benefactions made during the year 1869, to the American Colonization So- 
 ciety, should, for the purpose of representation, be considered as made through 
 the said New York Colonization Society. 
 
 Edward L.Beadle. 
 S. M. Buckingham. 
 
 E. P. Prentice. 
 Thomas W. Olcott. 
 Thomas Jeremiah. 
 Moses Allen. 
 Stewart Brown. 
 James Brown. 
 Wm. Deimistoun. 
 M. Few. 
 
 F. F. Chrystie. 
 M. F. Tillotson. 
 
 Henry Young. 
 II. K. Coming. 
 A. C. Brown. 
 Samuel F. B. Morse. 
 Benj. I. Ilaight. 
 A. S. Barnes. 
 II. K. Bull. • 
 John A. Stewart. 
 S. Ircna'us Prime. 
 Isaac II. Knox. 
 Jas. C. lluiden. 
 John P. Crosby. 
 
 Burr Wakeniau. 
 Guy Richards. 
 James M. Mills. 
 Z. Stiles Ely. 
 Geo. W. Jewett. 
 M. J. Myers. 
 Wm. C. Sterling. 
 Erastus Corning. 
 Theodore Ij. Mason. 
 William II. Ilallock. 
 Henry Day. 
 
 The " Statement " does not assert, but obtrusively and repeatedly 
 implies, tliat these gentlemen, and those on the two preceding lists, 
 did not act from their own judgment in view of facts known to 
 themselves, but were the dupes and tools of the Traveling Secre- 
 tary, who was instigated by " another stipendiary " of the Parent 
 Society. Formally to relutc such" an imputation on such men, 
 
would be treating it witli more appearance of rc?pcct than citlier 
 justice or decency permits. 
 
 Tiie Committee was also informed, without contradiction, that 
 tlie donations of the signers of tliat paper had been about $;5,00n, 
 the sum necessary to constitute a basis for six Delegates, and that 
 the other donors, so far as known, were in sympathy with the 
 new Society. The New York State S6cicty neitlier had nor claim- 
 ed any pecuniary basis, even to the amount of a dollar, except 
 these very same donations, save the sum of $32.75 disbursed by its 
 Corresponding Secretary in Liberia. Their only argument was, 
 that, under a certain resolution of the Board of Directors, passed in 
 1863, all moneys received from any persons in the State of New 
 York must be credited to them, as a basis of representation. But 
 that resolution was passed without any reference to a case like this, 
 of two Societies in the same State, and the Directors were as com- 
 petent to set it aside as they were to pass it. The Constitution 
 made no provision for sucli a case. The money could not be made 
 a basis of representation for the State Society, in direct opposi- 
 tion to the expressed will of the donors. There was no constitu- 
 tional provision, or any law whatever, against the formation of a 
 second Society in New York or in any other State. Those who 
 formed the new Society had an unquestionable right to do so. 
 They had made themselves auxiliary by their Constitution, and had 
 contributed funds accordingly. 
 
 With these facts before- them, the Committee made a report in 
 part, which was adopted, giving seats to the Delegates from other 
 States, concerning whose riglit there was no question. When 
 the Board was thus constituted, they reported further, that the 
 six Delegates from the New York Society were entitled to seats, 
 and recommended that those sent as Delegates from the New York 
 State Society be invited to sit as corresponding members. 
 
 One of the gentlemen last mentioned opposed tlie adoption of 
 this report, in a speech, largely from manuscript, extending 
 through the remaining business hours of that day and far into the 
 next. After a brief reply by a Delegate from the New York 
 Society, a Director moved that the subject be referred to a special 
 Committee, who, he thought, would be able to report a compromise 
 acceptable to all parties. After consultation with all parties, this 
 Committee reported, recommending that certain sum* which the 
 
6 
 
 New York State Society was said to have expended for edu- 
 cation in Liberia, should be recognized as a basis of representation 
 for five of tlie Delegates appointed by that Society ; the sixth be- 
 ing entitled to a seat as a Director for life. They also reported a 
 resolution, to take tlie place of that passed in 1863, providing for 
 such cases in future years. 
 
 The Committee were unanimous in this report. No person, 
 from New York or elsewhere, made any objection to it. It was 
 understood by the Committee, and by the Board of Directors, that 
 the Delegates from the New York State Society all accepted it as 
 a final settlement of the controversy, and with that understanding, 
 it was unanimously adopted by the Board. 
 
 But these hopes were destined to disappointment. On Thurs- 
 day — not, as the arrangement of matters in the " Statement" seems 
 to imply, on Tuesday, before the Committee on Credentials had 
 made their final report, — but on Thursday afternoon, when the 
 Directors were about to adjourn, a Delegate from the New York 
 State Society rose and read a " memorial," demanding that the 
 Directors should " withdraw all agencies from the State of New 
 York, and leave its territory to be canvassed by the New York 
 State Society's agents," and ofi'ered a resolution to the same effect. 
 As the only " agency" of the Parent Society then in New York 
 was that of the Traveling Secretary, then laboring there at the 
 formal request of the New York Colonization Society, this move- 
 ment was evidently aimed at him, and at that Society. It re- 
 opened the whole controversy, which had been understood to have 
 Ijcen finally settled, and appeared to many of the Directors to be 
 a plain breach of the faith pledged in that settlement. A motion 
 was made, to lay the memorial and the resolution on the table. 
 The presenter of the memorial demanded the yeas and nays. 
 They were taken. Tlie yeas were fifteen. Among them were 
 two of the five Delegates from the New York State Society, one 
 of whom was its President, by Avhose signature the memorial was 
 authenticated. The memorial, the " Statement" informs us, had 
 been prepared in New York, and his signature was doubtless then 
 affixed to it. Now, he voted to lay it and the accompanying reso- 
 lution on the tattle. The nays were, the presenter of the memo- 
 rial, two other Delegates from the same Society, the Secretary of 
 that Society, being a Life Director, and one Delegate from Penn- 
 
sylvania; in all, five. FourLccn Directors had retired from the 
 meeting, supposing that its business was finished. It is known 
 that they would all have voted in the affirniutivc, making the total 
 in favor of laying it on the table, twenty-nine. 
 
 Another motion was then made by the same Delegate from the 
 State Society, that all papers and letters read before the Execu- 
 tive Committee on a certain occasion should be reported to the 
 Board and copied into the records. As this could not be done 
 without greatly prolonging the session, and could not be of any 
 use for any purpose, except that of more conveniently continuing 
 the controversy, this motion also was laid on the table. So ended 
 the exhibition of these "differences," at that meeting. But a 
 charge made during its progress may be most conveniently 
 considered here. 
 
 THE CHARGE OF FALSEHOOD. 
 
 This charge against the Traveling Secretary was made in the 
 long speech on Tuesday and Wednesday, and is repeated in the 
 " Statement" as follows : 
 
 " There was also an allegation in one of these letters of the 
 Traveling Secretary, that, 
 
 "The amount the Parent Society received in cash from the Xew 
 York State Colonization Society since 18i9, nearly twenty years, 
 is less than $12,000, and the entire amount obtained has not 
 averaged $1,000 a year for the last fifteen years," "which is 
 simply untrue." 
 
 In proof of its untruth, the " Statement " gives the following 
 table of such receipts, compiled from the African Repository : 
 
 1849. February and July ^6,000 00 
 
 1850. February, June, and July '^-300 00 
 
 1853. January and August 3,898 02 
 
 1854. May 33 00 
 
 1855. January and April 1,060 00 
 
 1856. February and September 2,907 67 
 
 1857. January, February, March, and April ... - 3,10576 
 
 1858. January - - - • 922 90 
 
 1863. January 786 39 
 
 1863. February 200 00 
 
 826.213 74 
 
This proof of falsehood will not bear cross-examination. Let 
 us look at it year by year. 
 
 184'.). — The $6,000 received in 1849 was not received "5i?ice 
 1840," and has nothing to do with the truth of the Secretary's 
 " allegation. " 
 
 18')0. — The Repository for February acknowledges two sums, 
 one of $3,000 and one of $1,000, as received " from the 20th of De- 
 cember, 1849, to the 20th of January, 1850." The $3,000 was 
 received as a loan, October 17, 1849. A letter from Rev. J. B. 
 Pinney, dated December 21, 1849, stated that it had been made a 
 donation by vote of the Board of the State Society on the Mon- 
 day evening last previous. It was received as a donation, there- 
 fore, 171 1849, and not " since 1849," and must be deducted. 
 
 The Repository for June acknowledges tlie receipt of $1,800, 
 being eighteen donations of one hundred dollars each, to the Pa- 
 rent Society, .from persons there named. They were procured by 
 Gerard Ilallock, Esq., at the request of Rev. Wm. :McLain, Fi- 
 nancial Secretary. The money was handed to Rev. J. B. Pin- 
 ney, May 10th, to be paid over to Mr. McLain, and was paid over 
 the same day. It was never the property of the State Society, nor 
 in its treasury, nor at its disposal. See the first article in that 
 number of the Repository. 
 
 1853. — The $3,178.23, in January, was not cash then paid to the 
 Parent Society, but the amount reported by the New York State 
 Society as having been spent by itself in 1852, and allowed as a 
 basis of representation. 
 
 1854, May. — The $33 was given by citizens of New York to 
 the Parent Society. 
 
 1S5G, Fcljruary. — The $407.07 was spent by the State Society 
 and admitted as a basis of representation. 
 
 1857. — The $30 in Fcljruary and $30 in April, from donors to 
 the Parent Society for life memberships, and the $1,045.70 in 
 March, being not cash, but an order on the Society's agent at 
 Monrovia for goods, must be subtracted. 
 
 1 858.— The $922.90, being $153.69 for goods at Monrovia, and 
 $70!l.31 for " sundry expenses of emigrants paid by " the Treasur- 
 er of the State Society, must l>e deducted. 
 
 18G2.— The $780.39, expended by the State Society " for the 
 
9 
 
 passage and support of emigrants," atid allowed as a basis of rep- 
 reseiitatiou, must be deducted. 
 
 These sums, deducted from theii* total, $20,21:3.74, leave 
 $8,979.79. To this add $70, March, ISGO, and $()IJ.:U, February, 
 
 1801, overlooked by them, and we have $9,110.13, as the total 
 amount actually paid in cash by the New York State Colonization 
 Society to tlie Parent Society " since 1819," and acknowledged in 
 the African Repository, to which tliey appeal ; being $2,883.87 
 " less than $12,000 ;" so that Dr. Orcutt's "allegation," instead of 
 being " simply untrue," is strictly true. 
 
 This proof that they have falsely accused the Traveling Secre- 
 tary of falsehood, and made a false exhibit of their own cash pay- 
 ments to the Parent Society, can neither be rebutted nor evaded. 
 None of the sums deducted are said in tlic Repository to have 
 been received " in cash," though some of them were so received, 
 but not from them ; and of some, the contrary is expressly stated 
 in the places to which they refer. For example, $1,015.70 in 
 March, 1857 ; $922.90 in January, 1858 ; and $780.39 in January, 
 
 1802. That they know the difference, appears from their not 
 claiming as a cash payment, $2,713.99, acknowledged in similar 
 form in January, 1800 ; an acknowledgment which they must 
 have seen, for the sum is claimed in another table on the same 
 page of their " Statement." Nor can they escape by saying that 
 paying high prices for the passage of emigrants by trading vessels 
 from New York, and turning over to the Parent Society surplus 
 goods which they had improvidently sent to Monrovia, is tlie 
 same as paying cash into the treasury of the Parent Society. It 
 is not the same, nor even its equivalent in value. 
 
 It is a noticeable fact, that the whole amount which they claim 
 as paid in cash since the death of A. G. Phelps, Jr., in May, 1858, 
 was only $980.39, and the amount actually paid only, $330.31. 
 Since his death, there had been a gradual change of policy in that 
 Society, leading to dissatisfaction among its members, and ulti- 
 mately to the formation of the new Society. 
 
 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE NEW YORK STATE SOCIETY. 
 
 The reasonings and appeals in all these publications of tlie 
 State Society rest on certain assumptions, which can by no means 
 be admitted. Tiiey are, 
 
10 
 
 1. Tliat tlic Constitution and Charter of the American Colo- 
 nization Society restrain it from doin;^ certain things which are 
 indispensable to successful colonization in Africa. 
 
 2. Tliat the Constitution and Charter of the Sow York State 
 Colonization Society is more comprehensive, and authorize it to do 
 those things, indispensable to successful colonization, which the 
 Parent Society can not do ; especially, to promote education in 
 Liberia. 
 
 3. That, by an ancient compact between the two Societies, still 
 in force, the Xew York State Society lias an exclusive right to so- 
 licit donations for colonization within tlie limits of the State of 
 New York ; and that the Parent Society has no right, in any way, 
 to ask aid from any person in that State, without first obtaining 
 permission from the State Society. 
 
 4. That a time had come, in which it was the duty of that State 
 Society to enforce its exclusive right, in order to procure funds 
 with which to execute certain projects of its own, distinct from 
 the work of the Parent Society. 
 
 A theory of that kind seems to have been working in the minds 
 of some officers and members of that Society for some years, modi- 
 fying its action and producing disaffection among its members, as 
 has been stated; but it was never brought out distinctly, in print, 
 till some time in 18G9. The attempt to enforce it led the giving 
 friends of the Parent Society to form a new Society, which should 
 be, as they say, " in fact, as well as professedly, auxiliary to the 
 American Colonization Society." These assumptions must be ex- 
 amined. 
 
 THE LEGAL POWERS OP THE TWO SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Constitution of the Parent Society declares its object to be, 
 "to promote and execute a plan for colonizing," etc. This has 
 always, and rightly, been understood to include the doing of all 
 things necessary to colonizing successfully, though not specified ; 
 such as procuring vessels for transportation, food for the tempo- 
 rary subsistence of colonists, and schools for their education. Its 
 charter authorizes it to use its funds as it "shall determine to be 
 most conducive to the colonizing, with their own consent, in Africa, 
 of free pcojde of color." The charter of tlie New York State Soci- 
 ety, by the last clause of the second section, where its "business 
 
11 
 
 and objects" arc specified, limits it to " measures conducive to 
 the objects of African colonization." The coincidence in languaj^e 
 is remarkable. The Constitution of the New York State Society 
 claims nothing which the Pa-i-ent Society may not do, and nothing 
 which it has not been doing, except in the last clause of its second 
 article: " and also generally to improve the condition of the pop- 
 ulation of our country." This, however, its charter does not 
 authorize it to do ; and in doing it, it would not act as a Colo- 
 nization Society at all. In no matter " conducive" to successful 
 colonization, are the corporate powers of the New York State 
 Society any more ample than those of the American. 
 
 They claim, indeed, that the enemies of the Parent Society accused 
 it of a very narrow policy, and that they, instead of repelling the 
 slander, as they ought to have done, admitted it, and made their 
 own policy broader, to conciliate the accusers. If this were true, 
 it would show that they made concessions unjust and injurious to 
 the Parent Society at the outset, and have been on a platform of 
 semi-hostility ever since. The fact seems to be, that they met 
 those slanders by specifying, in their Constitution, some of the de- 
 tails which were only implied in that of the Parent Society. 
 
 THE EIGHT TO PROMOTE EDUCATION. 
 
 It is on the Parent Society's want of power to promote edu- 
 cation, that these circulars and pamphlets chiefly insist. The dis- 
 covery of this deficiency is quite recent. Tlie Parent Society 
 claimed that power and avowed that purpose as early as January, 
 1817, and has been exercising it, as occasions have been presented, 
 ever since 1826. (See its Annual Report for 1870, pages 14 to 21, 
 where its habitual action, continuing to the present time, is shown 
 by reference to documents.) This deficiency was unknown to 
 Anson G. Phelps, Sen., long President of the New York State So- 
 ciety, who, as one of the Auditing Committee of the Parent Society, 
 every year from 1839 to his death in 1853, sanctioned many bills 
 for expenditures in promoting education. It was unknown to the 
 Rev. J. B. Pinney, when, as Governor of Liberia, he expended the 
 Society's money in establishing and supporting schools. It was 
 unknown to him even in January, 1869, when he earnestly urged 
 the Directors of the Parent Society to energy and liberality in 
 
12 
 
 promotlno: education ; and was tlien unknown to William Tracy, 
 Esc]., Delefj:atc from the New York State Society, who so ably sup- 
 ported the views of Dr. Pinney. It was unknown to the Execu- 
 tive Committee of the Parent Society, when, April 2, 18G9, they 
 passed a resolution instructing their agents to collect funds for 
 education in Liberia, and when their appeal for such funds was 
 published in the Repository for May. There is no evidence that 
 it was known to any officer or member of the State Society pre- 
 viously to the meeting of its Board, May 28, 18G0. At that meet- 
 ing a resolution was adopted, that the Society would, for the 
 present, " direct its eff'orts chiefly to aid the people of Liberia in 
 the establishment and maintenance of schools," and some other 
 improvements. Soon after, some time in June, a circular of eight 
 pages was issued, announcing that determination of the Society, 
 and quoting a passage from its charter, showing that it was 
 authorized to provide and expend funds for that purpose, and a 
 passage from the Constitution of the Parent Society, implying, by 
 the way in which it was quoted, that that Society had other busi- 
 ness more appropriate. But this somewhat gentle and indefinite 
 insinuation was not fully interpreted till September 1, ISGO, when 
 a printed letter to the Rev. Dr. Durbin, from " a member of both 
 the American and New York State Colonization Society," was is- 
 sued from the office of the New York State Colonization Society? 
 in which its author asserted, and endeavored to prove, that " if 
 the American Colonization Society collects funds and pays them 
 over for the purposes of education, it is violating its Constitution 
 and charter." The discovery was certainly most opportune, being 
 made when the Traveling Secretary of the American Society was 
 collecting funds in New York and the neighboring States, both for 
 emigration and education, with such success, that there was dan- 
 ger, — to use the language of tlie " Synopsis," — " of all collections 
 being made by Dr. Orcutt and sent to the American Socict}', 
 leaving nothing for the New York State Society to even pay its clerk 
 hire or office rent." hi tlic presence of such a danger, such a dis- 
 covery was distressingly needed, to change the course of the cur- 
 rent of donations. Who believes it, besides t!ie inventors, remains 
 to bo ascertained. 
 
13 
 
 THE ALLEGED COMPACT. 
 
 They allege a " Compact," that the New York State Society 
 should occupy its own territory exclusively. 
 
 Such a " compact," or " pledge of non-interference," is repeat- 
 edly alleged in the "Statement" and "Synopsis;" and under it 
 they claim the right to exclude the Parent Society from asking 
 aid in the work of Colonization, directly or indirectly, from any 
 person in the State of New York ; and they claim not only the 
 exclusive right to collect funds there, but also the right to expend 
 any or all of those funds on objects or in ways of their own, not 
 approved by the Parent Society ; thus leaving those who wish to 
 assist the Parent Society no regular and recognized channel for 
 communicating such assistance. This compact, they state, has 
 always been " carefully " observed " from 1839 to 1869 ;" has been 
 repeatedly recognized by the Board of Directors and the Secretary 
 of the Parent Society, and has now been violated. In proof, 
 they quote, not a " compact " between the two Societies, but por- 
 tions of the Constitution of the American Colonization Society, 
 adopted December 12, 1838, and liable to amendment, as provided 
 in Article XII. : 
 
 "There shall be a Board of Directors, composed of Delegates 
 from the several State Societies, and Societies for the District of 
 Columbia, and Territories of the United States." 
 
 This, they say, is " in the Fifth Article of the Constitution," 
 " in Section Four ;" but there is no " Section Four " in the " Fifth 
 Article." The words quoted are from Article IV., the whole of 
 which reads thus : 
 
 " There shall be a Board of Directors, composed of Delegates 
 from the several State Societies, and Societies for the District of 
 Columbia, and Territories of tiie United States. Each Society 
 contributing not less than one thousand dollars annually into the 
 common treasury, shall be entitled to two Delegates ; each So- 
 ciety having under its care a colony, shall be entitled to three 
 Delegates ; and every two or more Societies uniting in the support 
 of a colony comprising at least three hundred souls, to three 
 Delegates each. Any individual contributing one thousand dol- 
 lars to the Society, shall be a Director for life." 
 
 By quoting only a part of the Article, they conceal the fact that 
 
14 
 
 the greater part of it is now inappropriate and impracticable, and 
 make it appear as if the Board of Directors was composed exclu- 
 sively of tiie Delegates from State Societies. 
 
 They then quote from the "Fifth Section" words which are in 
 tlie Fifth Article : 
 
 "The Board shall have power to organize and administer a gen- 
 eral government, to provide a uniform code of laws for such colo- 
 nies, and nmnagc the general affairs of colonization throughout 
 the United States, except within the States which planted colo- 
 nies." 
 
 They leave out the words, " for tlie several colonies in Libe- 
 ria," after the word " governmejiit ;" and do not quote, from the 
 conclusion of tliat Article, the following words : 
 
 "It shall be their duty to provide for tlie fulfillment of all exist- 
 ing obligations of the American Colonization Society ; and 
 nothing in the following Article of these amendments shall limit 
 or restrain their power to make such provision by an equitable 
 assessment'upon the several Societies." 
 
 They omit wholly the Sixth and Seventh Articles : 
 
 " The expenses of the General Government in Africa shall be, 
 l)orne by the several associated Societies, according to the ratio 
 to be fixed by the Board of Directors." 
 
 " Every such Society which has under its care a colony, associ- 
 ated under the General Government, shall have the right to ap- 
 propriate its own funds in the colonization and care of its emi- 
 grants." 
 
 It is evident that these constitutional provisions, from which 
 tlieir proof of a " compact," or " pledge," is so skillfully selected, 
 were applicable only to Societies having the care of colonics, 
 bound to meet the expenses of their government, and liable to be 
 assessed by the Board of Directors for the necessary amount. 
 The New York State Colonization Society is not such a Society, 
 nor has it been for twenty-two years past. There has been no 
 State Society to which those provisions could be applied, since the 
 organization of the independent Republic of Liberia, in January, 
 1848. 
 
 Nor is this all. At the meeting of tlic Directors of the Ameri- 
 can Colonization Society, in January, 181G, resolutions were 
 passed, advising the people of Liberia to publish a Declaration of 
 
15 
 
 Independence, and to organize a government for themselves ; and 
 the Constitution of the Society was amended to adapt it to the 
 new order of affairs which would be the result. In amending the 
 Constitution, all the clauses on which the New York State So- 
 ciety now relies in proof of a "compact," were stricken out and 
 repealed ; so that they have not been any part of the Constitution, 
 nor in any respect binding on any body, for twenty-four years 
 past. 
 
 Such is their proof of " the pledge of non-interference," which 
 the American Colonization Society is accused of violating. It is 
 made up of unfair extracts from constitutional j)rovisions which 
 were never applicable to such a Society as they are and have been 
 for twenty-two years, and which were repealed by the votes of the 
 delegates from New York, as well as others, twenty-four years 
 ago. 
 
 And even while the Constitution of 1838 was Still in force, 
 these restrictions were found disadvantageous to the general 
 cause, and were relaxed by mutual agreement, as follows : 
 
 Extracts from the Minutes of the Board of Directors of the American Colonization, 
 Society, at a meeting held in Washington, D. C, August 18, 1842. 
 
 " After mature deliberation, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted, 
 viz.: 
 
 "1. Resolved, That the wants of the American Colonization Society impera- 
 tively demand more extensive and vigorous efforts in soliciting donations. 
 
 "2. Resolved, That the present exclusive claim of the respective State Societies, 
 especially in the large and wealthy States, to solicit donations within certain local 
 boundaries, is a serious embarrassment to the efforts of the Parent Society, who 
 are desirous to send agents into such States, and that therefore it is expedient for 
 the Executive Committee of the American Colonization Society to obtain the 
 consent of such Societies for the uncontrolled labor of agents as the best interests 
 of the Parent Society may from time to time require. 
 
 "3. Resolved, That all State Societies be requested to report and transmit 
 monthly their collections to the Executive Committee of the American Coloniza- 
 tion Society, and that if any State Society wishes, the funds coliccled by the 
 Parent Society shall be credited to the respective State Societies. 
 
 " 4. Resolved, That the Colony of Liberia needs the continued patronage of the 
 American Colonization Society, and that the great objects, both religious and 
 political, contemplated for Africa and her children, can 'not be accomplished 
 without more hearty co-operation of the friends of the great and noble cause. 
 
16 
 
 " 5. Resolved, That the Secretary forwarJ a copy of these resolutions to the 
 various Auxiliary Societies." 
 
 " A true copy from the records, 
 
 " Wm. Coppinger, Rec. Sec. A. C. S. 
 " Colonization Rooms, 
 " Washington, D. C, April 2, 1870. 
 
 " At a meeting of the Board of Manai^ers of the New York State Colonization 
 Society, held witiiin the Colonization Rooms, 142 Nassau Street, New York, on 
 Monday, September 19, 1842, the following resolution was unanimously adopted : 
 
 "Resolved, Tiiat in the present crisis in the cause of colonization, we respond 
 to the proposed efforts by agents within this State, by communicating our full 
 consent, as already given to Mr. Gurlcy, that the Parent Board shall have our 
 approval of any agencies they may appoint to labor in the State of New York, 
 with the understanding that they are to labor in such places as may be agreed 
 upon in consultation with the Executive Committee of this Board. 
 
 "A true copy, 
 " Alkx. Prol'dfit, Cor. Sec. N. Y. State Col. Soc." 
 
 Copy. 
 
 " Colonization Rooms, ) 
 
 " Puiladelpiiia, September 27, 1842. j 
 
 " Gentlemen : — At a meeting of the Board of Managers of the Pennsylvania 
 Colonization Society, held at this office on the 16th Inst., the follovving resolutions 
 were adopted, viz.: 
 
 " Resolved, That the resolution of the Board of Directors, passed on the 18th of 
 August, having been submitted and considered, on motion, it was 
 
 " Resolved, That this Society has ever been anxious to afford every fticility and 
 assistance to the American Colonization Society, and do most readily accord to 
 them the permission requested to send their agents into this State, whenever it 
 may promote the common object : 
 
 "Provided, That if at any time this Society considers this operation evil, this 
 permission may be withdrawn ; 
 
 "And provided further, That the first moneys collected in this State shall be 
 appropriated to the payment of the two drafts for $675 each, drawn by the late 
 Thomas Buchanan on the New York and Pennsylvania Societies, for goods 
 placed in the Colonial Store at Bassa Cove. 
 
 " E.\tract from the miimtes, 
 
 " Robkrt B. Davidson, Sec. P. T." 
 
17 
 
 The Pennsylvania resolutions are none the less authentic bo- 
 cause, in the absence of Rev. J. B. Pinney, they were attested by 
 a Secretary pro tern. 
 
 Neither of those State Societies has yet witiidrawn tiie assent 
 thus given. The resolutions of both remain unrevoked to this 
 day. 
 
 THE APPEAL TO PRACTICE. 
 
 To strengthen their position as to a "pledge," by an appeal to 
 practice, they affirm : 
 
 " And for thirty years from this date, namely, from 1831) to 1860, 
 the American Colonization Society carefully abstained from mak- 
 ing any collections in the State of New York." 
 
 The proceedings of August and September, 1842, just quoted, 
 show that this was true only in a very modified sense, even from 
 1839 to 1846, when those restrictions were repealed. The fact is, 
 that during those years collections were made in the State of New 
 York, by at least the following persons, acting as agents of the 
 American Colonization Society, viz. : — In 1839, by Rev. C. Colton; 
 in 1840, by Rev. C. Colton, Rev. R. R. Gurley, Hon. William 
 Halsey, Captain George Barker, and Judge "Wilkeson ; in 1841, 
 by Rev. R. R. Gurley and Judge "Wilkeson ; in 1842, by 
 Judge Wilkeson, and Rev. J. K. Davis ; in 1843, by Rev. J. 
 K. Davis ; and in 1844, by Rev. S. Cornelius ; and numerous 
 sums were remitted by pastors, collected among their people, and 
 by other friends. In 1846, as we have seen, those restrictive 
 clauses were stricken out of the Constitution, and no regard has 
 been had to them since. Collections were made by Rev. J. K. 
 Davis in 1846 ; by Captain George Barker in 1848 ; by Rev. Wm. 
 McLain, personally, in 1850 ; by Rev. J. M. Pease in 1851 ; by 
 Rev. W. McLain in 1855, and at sundry other times, personally, 
 by letter, and by printed appeals ; and without obtaining or ask- 
 ing permission from the State Society. 
 
 In November, 1849, Rev. Wm. McLain appealed througli the 
 African Repository, for " three thousand dollars, wanted in thirty 
 days," for colonizing sixty slaves who had been left witli the 
 privilege of emigrating to Liberia by the will of Thomas Cape- 
 hart, of Murfreesborough, N. C. The money was received, and 
 acknowledged in the Repository for February, 1850. Eleven 
 2 
 
18 
 
 donations of one hundred dollars each were received from tlie 
 State of New York, of which eight were from the City. 
 
 In April, 1S50, he appealed through the New York Journal of 
 Commerce, for $1,800 to colonize about thirty, late slaves of Tim- 
 othy Rodgers, of Bedford County, Ya. The Editor, Gerard Ilal- 
 lock, acted as a volunteer agent, gave one hundred dollars himself, 
 procured seventeen other donations of the same amount, and May 
 10th, paid it over to "J. B. Pinney, Cor. Sec, etc., etc.," who the 
 same day paid it to " Wm. McLain, Sec. and Treas. A. C. S." Among 
 the donors were Anson G. Phelps and Anson G. Phelps, Jr., suc- 
 cessive Presidents of the New York State Colonization Society. 
 
 In view of these facts, and many others tiiat miglit be shown, 
 and some of which will be shown, the assertion that " from 1839 
 to 1869, the American Colonization Society carefully abstained 
 from making any collection in the State of New York," sounds 
 rather strangely. It must have been made without due consider- 
 ation. 
 
 THE ALLEGED EECOGNITION OF THE COMPACT BY THE DIRECTORS. 
 
 At the next meeting of the Board of Directors, January 22, 
 1851, on motion of the Rev. J. B. Pinney, it was 
 
 '■ Resoked, That for the purpose of securing entire harmony and co-operation 
 between the State Societies and the Parent Society, all appeals, special or other- 
 wise, for funds, which the Executive Committee may desire to make in any State, 
 should be Grst communicated to the officers and proper agency of the State 
 Society, and, if possible, made through them." 
 
 It is evident, on the face of this resolution, that its mover was 
 not aware of the existence, at that time, of any " compact," 
 " pledge," law, or obligation, restraining the Parent Society from 
 making such appeals anywhere, at its own discretion ; nor did 
 he propose to take away its right to make such appeals whenever 
 it should desire, or to authorize the State Societies to take it 
 away in any case ; but only to regulate the mode of making them. 
 
 Tiie next act but one of the Directors was, to reconsider this 
 resolution, and refer the whole subject to a Committee of five, 
 to report the next morning. Tliat Committee reported a preamble 
 and resolutions, which, after discussion, were adopted, as follows : 
 
 "The Committee to whom was referred the resolution offered 
 by Rev. .Mr. Pinney, on tlic subject of a}>pcals made for funds, 
 
19 
 
 beg leave to report tlic follo-.ving preamble ai)J resolutions, for 
 tlie consideration of the Board : 
 
 " W/iereas The interests of the colonization cause rcciuire tliat tliorc should bo 
 uniformity in its system of operations, and harmony of action and co-operation 
 among the several Societies and agencies engaged in the work ; and whereas, it 
 seems necessary, in order to secure this end, that there should be a more full and 
 perfect understanding in regard to the relations between the American Coloniza- 
 tion Society and its several auxiliaries, and of the principles upon which their 
 respective operations are to be conducted ; therefore, 
 
 "Resolved, That all appeals for funds, which the Executive Committee of the 
 Parent Society may desire to make in any State where there is an Auxiliary So- 
 ciety in active operation, should first be communicated to the proper agency of 
 the State Society, and should in all cases be made through them, and that all col- 
 lections so made should be passed to the credit of said Society on the books of 
 the Executive Committee. 
 
 ^'Resolved, That the usefulness and efficiency of the American Colonization So- 
 ciety require the active aid and co-operation of its several auxiliaries ; and in order 
 to this, it is desired and expected that each Auxiliary Society, after defraying its 
 own domestic expenses, will pay over the balance of its funds, if any, to the 
 treasury of the American Society. 
 
 "Resolved, That in the view of this Board, it is essential to that unity of plan 
 and harmony of action which are requisite in carrying forward successfully the 
 work of colonization, that the several Auxiliary Societies, in their arrangements 
 for sending out emigrants, and in all their business transactions with the Republic 
 of Liberia, should act through, or in co-operation with, the Executive Committee 
 of the Parent Society. 
 
 "Resolved, farther. That in the view of this Board, a compliance with the pre- 
 ceding resolution, in respect to sending out and settling emigrants, is rendered in- 
 dispensable by the stipulations which exist between the Republic and the Ameri- 
 can Colonization Society in regard to the occupation of the lands, and in regard 
 to commercial regulations. It is necessary also, in order to secure that uniformity 
 in the provisions made for emigrants, and that disposition of them in the terri- 
 tory, which their own interests and the welfare of the colonists alike demand. 
 
 "Resolved, That the Executive Committee of the Society be directed to send a 
 copy of the foregoing preamble and resolutions to the several Auxiliary Societies." 
 
 Here, also, is no recognition of any " compact," coming down 
 from 1838. There is merely a vote of the Board of Directors, 
 liable to be rescinded at discretion, like any other vote. It ap- 
 plies only to " any State where there is an Auxiliary Society in 
 active operation." And the restriction on the Parent Society in 
 the first resolution is based on the expectation that the auxiliaries 
 will observe the rules laid down for them in the second, third, and 
 fourth. 
 
20 
 
 In August, 1S51, the Parent Society found it necessary to issue 
 a special appeal in behalf of the forty-eight " Ilcrudon Slaves," 
 and twenty-three others, of whom eight were free. It was made 
 bv circulars addressed to individuals in many States. The 
 money was raised, and the company sent to Liberia. At the 
 meeting of the Directors in January, 1855, so much of the Annual 
 Report as related to this matter was referred to a Special 
 Committee, on whose recommendation the following preamble 
 and resolution were adopted, viz. : 
 
 "The Committee to whom was referred that portion of the An- 
 nual Keport which relates to special appeals from the Correspond- 
 ing Secretary for funds to meet particular cases, with instructions 
 to consider and report upon the best mode of preventing the con- 
 flict between such appeals and the regular work of the agents of 
 the State Societies, beg leave to report : 
 
 " That they have considered the subject committed to them, and 
 are of tlie opinion that it is necessary to the best interests of the 
 work which we have in hand, and to the prudence, wisdom, and 
 economy of time, effort, and money, by wliich all our operations 
 ought to be characterized, that as far as practicable all possibility 
 of interference between the plans and acts of the Central Board 
 at Wasliington and those of any of the State Societies should be 
 prevented. Such interference — unintentional, your Committee are 
 persuaded — has occurred during the past year in more than one in- 
 stance, and been productive of harm and loss, notwithstanding the 
 resolution of the Board of Directors passed at the annual meeting 
 in 1851. 
 
 "With the view of preventing the occurrence of similar evils, 
 your Committee recommend the adoption of the following rcsolu- 
 tiou : 
 
 " Resolved, That hereafter all appeals from the Corresponding Secretary, the Gen- 
 eral Agent, or the Executive Committee, for funds for any purpose connected with 
 the objects of the American Coloniziition Society in States wherein Auxiliary Soci- 
 eties exist, shall be made only through said Societies, and under their direction." 
 
 This, it will be perceived, makes no change, except in holding 
 the Parent Society more strictly to the modes of appeal directed by 
 the State Societies. It assumes that the appeals will still continue 
 to be made, and that the State Societies will do their duty in di- 
 recting the mode of making them. It gives no State Society any 
 power to exclude such appeals wholly, and turn all tiie bcnefac- 
 tious of the friends of colonization into its own treasury, to be ex- 
 pcndeil on its own projects, whether the donors wish it or not. 
 
21 
 
 It leaves the obligation of every auxiliary to pay over the balance 
 of its funds, after defraying its domestic expenses, to the Parent 
 Society, and to act only through or in co-operation with the Ex- 
 ecutive Committee of the Parent Society, in full force. 
 
 The resolution first passed in 1851, restricting the Parent So- 
 ciety unconditionally, was reconsidered and rejected, and in its 
 stead a series of resolutions was adopted, restricting it only on 
 certain conditions to be observed by the State Societies. 
 
 These conditions, established by the resolutions of 1851 and 
 left unimpaired by that of 1855, the New York State Colonization 
 Society has habitually disregarded. lustead of paying over " the 
 balance of its funds," after defraying its own domestic expenses, 
 " to the treasury of the American Society," or in sending out emi- 
 grants " through, or in co-operation with, the Executive Committee 
 of the Parent Society," it has expended a part of them in sending 
 out emigrants independently of the Parent Society, and often with- 
 out consulting the Executive Committee, and by conveyances and 
 at rates of expense which that Committee would not have recom- 
 mended. But a larger portion of that " balance" was expended 
 for many years in projects so distinct from the operations of the 
 Parent Society, that no such claim was advanced in respect to 
 it. As this last sentence is based on a statement made by one 
 of the Delegates from that State Society, in a carefully prepared 
 speech before the Board of Directors at their last annual meeting, 
 its correctness will not probably be questioned. 
 
 One instance of this kind deserves special mention ; that of the 
 Seth Grosvenor, a steamer of seventy tons, built and sent out 
 for service on the African coast. Their vote authorizing it, June 
 10, 1859, appropriated only ten thousand dollars for that purpose ; 
 but their Report for 1861 says, that " in the progress of complet- 
 ing the vessel and sending her across the ocean, the sum originally 
 contemplated was doubled." This was done not only without the 
 co-operation of the Parent Society, but against its earnest remon- 
 strance. The enterprise proved a failure, as had been foreseen. 
 The steamer was sold at Sierra Leone, and their Report for 1864 
 acknowledges the receipt of $4,375 as its net proceeds. Whether 
 that sum, or any part of it, was ever remitted to New York, or 
 whether the whole had been absorbed by expenses on the coast, 
 we are not informed. During the years of this operation, and. 
 
22 
 
 it is understood, as a means of executing it, that Society, in its 
 capacity as a Society, borrowed of itself in its capacity as a Trus- 
 tee of Funds for Education, about twenty thousand dollars, as ap- 
 pears from its Annual Reports. This loan was paid by install- 
 ments from year to year, from the general funds of the Society, 
 given for tlie purposes of colonization, which ought, according to 
 the resolutions of 1851, to have been paid over to the treasury of 
 the Parent Society. 
 
 THE RESOLUTIONS OF THE DIRECTORS HAVE BEEN OBEYED. 
 
 With such a record, the New York State Society has no right to 
 claim a strict observance of tlic restrictive resolutions of 1851 and 
 1855. And yet the Executive Committee at Washington did not 
 disregard them. The "Synopsis" itself expressly asserts that 
 they were " carefully" observed up to the year 18G9. It appears 
 from the " Synopsis," and more fully from the State Society's 
 "Statement," that in August, 186G, the Financial Secretary at 
 Washington asked of the State Society, " permission to make an 
 appeal for aid" in that State ; referring, not to any ancient " com- 
 pact," but to the resolution of 1855, as his reason for not doing it, 
 as in the case of the Herndon slaves, without their consent ; that 
 the State Society, in September, 1866, gave its assent " to the 
 American Society, sending a Collecting Agent" into that State ; 
 that accordingly, in 1866, the Rev. Dr. Orcutt, Traveling Secre- 
 tary, made some collections in that State ; that early in 1867 " he 
 came to New York and commenced a Collecting Agency " there ; 
 that the State Society received him with cordiality and aided him 
 in his work ; that even after the remarkable " annual election " in 
 May, 1868, " a resolution was passed by the Board of Managers, 
 permitting the continuance of the agency of the Traveling Secre- 
 tary in the State," and that " this permission continued until Feb- 
 ruary, 1869." It also appears, as it were involuntarily and uncon- 
 sciously, that this permission has never been withdrawn to this 
 day. An attempt was made to withdraw it, May 23, 1868, when, 
 as the "Synopsis " states, the following resolution was offered : 
 
 " Resolved, That, inasmuch as tliis Society is now prepared t.o rcconimi'nce its 
 work in the State of New York, the resolution passed September 10, 18CG, au- 
 thorizin;? tlic American Colonization Society to make collections in this State, be 
 rescinded from and after the close of this month ; and that a copy of this resolu- 
 tion be comnninicuted to tlie said Society." 
 
23 
 
 If the State Society had tlieu possessed the right which it errone- 
 ously claims, of excluding the Parent Society wholly from the 
 State, this resolution was in the proper form for exercising that 
 right. By it, the State Society took upon itself the whole respon- 
 sibility of Dr. Orcutt's removal. It left notiiing for him or the 
 Parent Society to do, but to submit. 
 
 But this resolution was not passed. It was deferred till after 
 the annual election, which was to occur May 80th. After that elec- 
 tion, as we have already seen from the " Statement," the Managers 
 took up tlie question wiiicii had ])Gen deferred, and instead of 
 adopting the resolution offered May 23d, passed a resolution " per- 
 mitting the continuance " of Dr. Orcutt's labors there. 
 
 These proceedings, and some others, show the existence, at that 
 time, of two parties, more or less distinctly formed, in the State 
 Society ; one desiring Dr. Orcutt's continuance, and the other his 
 removal. The latter was not able to carry its point in the Board 
 of Managers, till February, 18G9 ; and even then they did not 
 carry a vote passing the resolution offered May 23, 1868, assum- 
 ing the responsibility of Dr Orcutt's removal, but instead of it, 
 passed a vote "respectfully requesting " the Parent Society to as- 
 sume it. The vote was in the following words : 
 
 " Resolved, That the American Colonization Society at Washington be, and is 
 hereby, respectfully requested, by the New York State Cjlonizatioa Society, to 
 transfer Rev. Dr. Orcutt, now laboring in Xew York, to another field of labor." 
 
 What induced this change of phraseology ; whether they had 
 some misgivings as to their right to order him out of the State ; 
 whether they could not get a majority of the Managers present to 
 pass such a vote ; or whether it was mere courtesy, we are not in- 
 formed. If courtesy, it was a courtesy which changed the very na- 
 ture of their act, by placing the responsibility for his removal on 
 other shoulders than their own. Their " permission," therefore 
 is not yet " rescinded." 
 
 DR. orcutt's continuance AT NEW YORK. 
 
 For several reasons, the Parent Society did not assume that re- 
 sponsibility. One was, the following protest, signed by eight mem- 
 bers of their Board of Managers, — one more tnan a quorum : 
 
 "The undersigned respectfully dissent from the resolution, 
 adopted February 23, 1SG9, by this Board, requesting the American 
 
24 
 
 Colonization Society to transfer tlieir Secretary, Rev. Dr. Orcutt, 
 to sonic other Held of labor, because 
 
 "1. There is no other agency to promote the objects of the 
 American Colonization Society in this State, except that which 
 was establislied here by the resolution under which Dr. Orcutt 
 came to this field. 
 
 " 2. The Secretary of the New York State Colonization Society 
 is not friendly to the operations of tlie American or Parent Society, 
 and his public statements are calculated to prevent, rather than to 
 secure, contributions for its support. 
 
 " 3. As a large number of tiic friends of the cause residing in 
 this State prefer to contribute through the Parent Society, it was 
 agreed in June last to renew the invitation to the Parent Soci- 
 ety to continue its agency here, and the withdrawal of that in- 
 vitation now, without a conference, is a breach of faith, and an act 
 of discourtesy. 
 
 " -i. The election of officers at the last annual meeting was car- 
 ried by the sudden manufacture of voters previously unknown and 
 having no interest Avhatever in the Society or the cause ; and in 
 the resolution from which we dissent, we find a determination to 
 carry out a policy destructive to the harmony of the Society, and 
 subversive of confidence among tliosc who are acting together in 
 the furtherance of a great and philanthropic work. 
 
 " 5. The Government of Liberia being firmly established, and 
 having sufficient intelligence to manage its internal affairs, and 
 the several Missionary Boards of the Presbyterian, Episcopal, and 
 Methodist churches being actively engaged in the advancement of 
 education in Liberia, it may be safely left to the government and 
 the churches, with such aid as our vested funds and voluntary 
 contributions to the cause may afford. 
 
 " G. The trust funds held by this Society should be faitlifully 
 applied to the specific purpose for which they were given, and not 
 to general purposes unmentioned in the deeds of gift ; the integ- 
 rity of the Trustees being pledged to such fidelity, and the safety 
 of the property itself requiring the utmost caution in this respect ; 
 and tlie undersigned regarding the recent ai)propriation of money 
 from the IJloomficld fund to the jiurchase of books, etc., for 
 schools, as not consistent with the objects of the bequest (which 
 aj)propriation has since been charged to general fund), and re- 
 garding the resolution of last week as indicating a determination 
 to carry out a line of policy not in harmony with the original 
 spirit and purposes of this Society, are constrained respectfully to 
 express their dissent from these proceedings, and to enter their 
 dissent upon the minutes, with permission of tlie Board. 
 
 "They further request that a copy of this dissent may be trans- 
 
 \ 
 
25 
 
 mitted to the Parent Society with a copy of tlic resolution passed 
 February 23, 1809. 
 
 "S. iRENiEUS Prime. 
 "Benjamin I. Haight. 
 "Moses Allen. 
 "John N. McLeod. 
 
 "Thomas De Witt. 
 "H. K. Bull. 
 " A. Merwin. 
 "D. S. Gregory." 
 
 The resolution against which these eight Managers protest 
 may have been passed by a vote of four to three, when a bare 
 quorum was present.* 
 
 the division in the new YORK STATE SOCIETY. 
 
 In order to understand all the bearings of this resolution and 
 protest, it is necessary briefly to sketch another series of acts, 
 running back several years. 
 
 Early in the late civil war. Rev. Dr. Pinney attempted to pro- 
 cure emigrants to Liberia among the " contrabands," as they were 
 then called. In January, 1^63, he and " James Mitchell, Com- 
 missioner of Emigration for the United States," presented a " me- 
 morial" to the United States Senate, praying for an appropriation 
 " to aid and encourage the emigration of all classes of our free 
 colored population." The Secretary of War would not permit 
 him to go among the contrabands, to ascertain their willingness 
 to emigrate. On tiie failure of this plan, the New York State So- 
 ciety, as appears from its own "Statement," "resolved to suspend 
 its agencies, and reduce its expenses to the smallest sum consist- 
 ent with the maintenance of its organization and the administra- 
 tion of the trust funds, which had been given to it for educational 
 purposes." Dr. Pinney tendered his resignation as Correspond- 
 ing Secretary ; but instead of its acceptance, he received leave of 
 absence, and remained in nominal connection with the Society, 
 but "for the greater part of the time without salary." He en- 
 gaged, first, in growing cotton near the Mississippi River, and 
 afterward in mining for silver in Nevada. The Society's office 
 was left in charge of Mr. J. M. Goldberg, who conducted its cor- 
 respondence as its "Secretary." The " Synopsis" calls him " an. 
 
 ,5l*T,,?d-- 
 
 * It is said that eight were present, ?»h. that the vote was five to three 
 
2G 
 
 assistant to the Secretary." For a part of the time, another 
 organization or two occupied its office, with or without paying 
 rent. 
 
 Such was the state of affairs when Dr. Orcutt commenced his 
 labors in New York, as above narrated ; witli the additional fact, 
 that some of its most valuable members and officers had abstained 
 from taking any part in its proceedings for several years. For 
 all purposes, except the custody of the trust funds, the Society had 
 been virtually disorganized. An attempt was made by most of its 
 active members, and many who had long been inactive, to reor- 
 ganize it and restore its efficiency. At a meeting of a quorum of 
 the Managers, March 3, 1868, G. P. Disosway, Esq., an old and 
 every way reliable friend of the cause, and a member of the Board 
 of Managers, was chosen Secretary, and immediately entered on 
 the duties of that office. Six Managers, March 5tli, protested 
 against this election, as made at a meeting not regularly called. 
 At the next regular meeting, March 17th, " it was stated that Rev. 
 Dr. Pinney was shortly expected to return.'' He had previously 
 informed Dr. Orcutt, that he should never return to resume his 
 former place and labors, and it was so understood by others. At 
 this meeting, Mr. Disosway was formally chosen Secretary. Of 
 course, he could hold the office only till the next annual election. 
 At the next meeting, May 23d, a paper was presented, concluding : 
 '' It is also our earnest wish that lion. G. P. Disosway be retained 
 as Secretary of the State Society, to co-operate with the Parent 
 Society's agency in its efforts for the further promotion of the 
 great and good cause." This, as printe"d in the "Synopsis," was 
 signed by six officers of the Society, and thirteen others, doubtless 
 members. Of the six officers, it is said that four had not attended 
 a meeting of the Board for nine years or more. It seems that they 
 had not lost their interest in the cause, nor in the Society if, 
 managed as it was then, and as they hoped that it would continue 
 to be. The copy before us contains the names of eight officers and 
 twenty-nine others ; some having been added, probably, between 
 May 23d and May 30th, the day of the annual election. This pa- 
 per, it will be seen, was well adapted to alarm any who might 
 wish to displace Mr. Disosway, and to change the policy of the 
 Society. After reading it, the following resolution, before quoted, 
 was offered, but not passed : 
 
 / 
 
27 
 
 " Resolved, That, inasmuch afs this Society is now prepared to recommence its 
 work in the State of New York, the resolution passed September 10, 18C6, au- 
 thorizing the American Colonization Society to make collections in this State, be 
 rescinded from and after the close of the present month ; and that a copy of this 
 resolution be communicated to the said Society." 
 
 This resolution plainly admits tliat tlic Society had been in a 
 condition in which it was not "prepared" to carry on "its 
 work," and discloses the desire of its mover to change the policy 
 of the Society from that requested in the paper which liad just 
 been read, to something else. 
 
 THE ELECTION IN 1S68. 
 
 At the annual election, May 30th, the action of those desiring a 
 change was most extraordinary. There have been some faint and 
 feeble attempts at palliation, but nobody defends it, and the So- 
 ciety disclaims responsibility for it. According to the "State- 
 ment," there were present " twenty-eight persons who had re- 
 cently become members, some of them by the contribution of one" 
 of the Board of Managers, whose " avowed object was " to con- 
 trol the election by their votes. " Whether the act was or was 
 not wise, it was his act, and not the act of the Society or its Board 
 of Managers." The " Synopsis " says : " For their presence the 
 New York State Society or its Board of Managers are in no way 
 responsible." Yet somebody was certainly responsible for the re- 
 ceiving and counting of their votes, in violation both of the words 
 and the intent of the Constitution of that Society. The Constitu- 
 tions of some Societies provide that the contribution of a specified 
 sum shall constitute the donor a member " for one year from the 
 time of such donation." That of the New York State Society was 
 more safely drawn. As it was then, it read : 
 
 "Aet. 3. The subscription or donation of not less than one 
 dollar annually shall constitute an individual a member of this 
 Society ; and the payment, at one time, of tliirty dollars, a member- 
 ship for life." 
 
 There must be either a subscription, a written promise to pay 
 one dollar " annually," or a practice of paying one dollar " an- 
 nually," indicating some permanent interest in the Society, to con- 
 stitute one a member. The Constitution did not add : 
 
 " And any person desirous to control an election may create the 
 requisite number of new members, pledged to vote as he wishes, by 
 paying that number of dollars to an assistant of the Secretary." 
 
28 
 
 Such was neither its language nor its intent ; and therefore an 
 election controlled in that way was unconstitutional, null and 
 void in law, and conferred on those so elected no right to perform 
 any oflicial duty. 
 
 The presiding Vice-President, after some unsatisfactory at- 
 tempts to enforce the rules of order among these " new members" 
 and those who had brought them in, left the chair and the room, 
 and was followed by at least five otiier ofiicers of the Society. Tliose 
 who remained, elected Rev. J. B. Pinney, LL.D., Corresponding 
 Secretary, and J. M. Goldberg Recording Secretary. Mr. Dis- 
 osway was allowed to retain his place on the Board of Managers, 
 but was otherwise unnoticed. 
 
 The six officers who withdrew, that very evening signed a call 
 for a meeting " of old and tried friends of the colonization cause, 
 to consider and determine what steps it may be necessary to take 
 in this crisis of the affairs of the Society." That meeting, holden 
 June 3d, denounced the election by members thus made, as not 
 only at variance with propriety and honor, "but also a flagrant 
 violation of tlie true intent and spirit of the Constitution of the 
 Society, and therefore utterly illegal and void." It was also re- 
 solved that a Provisional Committee be appointed, " to take such 
 steps as the welfare of tlie Society and interests of African 
 Colonization may appear to them to demand;" that the arrange- 
 ment for tlie collection of funds by Dr. Orcutt and Mr. Disosway 
 should be continued till the next annual meeting ; and that another 
 meeting be holden June 8th, for organizing the Committee. At 
 that meeting a Provisional Committee was appointed of ten mem- 
 bers, of whom seven were members of the Board of Directors of 
 the New York State Society, and Mr. Disosway, another Director, 
 was appointed its Secretary. 
 
 Yet those who had controlled the election by introducing " new 
 niem])ers," were not al)le at once to govern the Society. At the 
 iirst meeting of the Board of Directors, the resolution for exclud- 
 ing the Parent Society from the State, which had been put over 
 from ^lay 23d, could not be passed ; but instead of it, a resolution 
 was passed, continuing the collection of funds by Dr. Orcutt and 
 Mr. Disosway, "during the current year," that is, till the an- 
 nual meeting in May, 18G9. Dr. Orcutt's continuance, therefore, 
 had the sanction l)otli of the Directors elected May 30th, and of the 
 
29 
 
 Provisional Committee of those wlio pronounced that election 
 "illegal and void." It was not till February, 18(39, near the 
 close of that " current year," that a majority of a quorum of those 
 ■whose right to their offices was thus in dispute, voted — not to pass 
 the resolution offered May 23, 18G8, rescinding Dr. Orcutt's per- 
 mission to labor in the State, but to request the Parent Society to 
 transfer him to another field of labor. The Provisional Commit- 
 tee, containing Directors enough to form a quorum, still desired 
 his continuance. There had been no legal decision of the question, 
 whether they were not the true and lawful conservators of the So- 
 ciety. In these circumstances, the Parent Society did not assume 
 the responsibility of transferring Dr. Orcutt. 
 
 THE REVOLUTION COMPLETED. 
 
 At the annual meeting in May, 18G9, the "new men," by whom 
 the election in 1868 had been controlled, completed their revolu- 
 tion in the State Society. They amended their Constitution so 
 as to make it impossible that any future election should be con- 
 trolled as that of the previous year had been. They reduced the 
 number of officers to twenty-four, thus getting rid of many " old, 
 long tried " friends of the Parent Society. They appointed eight 
 " new men " as members of the Board of Managers, and provided 
 that seven should be a quorum. 
 
 This new Constitution was adopted May 28, 1869. The same 
 day, the Board of Managers passed a resolution adopting their 
 new policy, founded on their new discovery, that the Parent So- 
 ciety could not promote education in Liberia. In June, the war 
 of circulars and pamphlets against the Parent Society commenced. 
 
 THE NEW YORK COLONIZATION SOCIETY. 
 
 Dr. Orcutt continued to labor in connection with the Provis- 
 ional Committee, till those whose views that Committee 
 represented formed their new organization, the New York Colo- 
 nization Society, making it strictly auxiliary to the American 
 Colonization Society. Since then, he has been laboring in con- 
 nection with that Society by its express invitation. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 The •' Memorial " of the State Society requests, in its last para- 
 graph, that this arrangement be broken up. It requests the 
 
30 
 
 American Colonization Society, " in pursuance of the compact 
 between the two Societies, to withdraw all agencies from the 
 State of New York, and leave its territory to be canvassed by the 
 Xew York State Society's agents." And such must be the aim of 
 this "Statement" and " Synopsis," if they aim at anything but 
 creating a prejudice against the Parent Society and its new aux- 
 iliary. It has been shown that no such " compact " exists ; that 
 what they erroneously claim as such a " compact" was repealed 
 twenty-four years ago, and has never been recognized since ; that 
 citizens of New York who disapprove of the course of the State 
 Society, and wish to sustain the American, have a rigiit to form 
 an Auxiliary Society for that purpose, and to be recognized and 
 represented as an auxiliary, and to receive from the Parent So- 
 ciety the same aid and encouragement as any other auxiliary. 
 The " request," therefore, can not be granted, and the State So- 
 ciety has no right to complain that it is not granted. 
 
 THEIR APPENDIX. 
 
 The Appendix to the "Statement" contains a few extracts from 
 anonymous letters, disparaging the operations of the Parent So- 
 ciety. They are such as somebody can be induced to write 
 anonymously at any time, about any enterprise, and are disproved 
 by authentic information, received at the office of the Parent 
 Society from well-known and reliable witnesses, much of which is 
 published from time to time in the African Repository. They 
 need no other answer. 
 
 Harvey Lindsly, Chairman,- 
 Joseph H. Bradley, 
 William Gunton, 
 George W. Samson, 
 Peter Parker, 
 Saml-ei, II. IIl'ntiKgto.v, 
 John B. Kkrr, 
 
 "\ViLLiAM McLain, Financial Secretary, Am. Col. Soc. 
 WiLUAM Coi'i'iNGER, Cor. and Rcc. Sec. " " " 
 Colonization Rooms, 
 
 Washington, D. C, May C, 1870. 
 
 Executive Committee 
 
 of the 
 
 American Colonization 
 
 Society. 
 
31 
 
 LETTERS 
 
 TRAVELING SECRETARY 
 
 REV, DR. MA.OLEA.N, 
 
 LATE PRESIDENT OF PRINCETON COLLEGE. 
 
 24 Bible House, New York City, May 17, 1870. 
 To the Ex- Committee OP the Am. Col. Soc. 
 
 Gentlemen: — I have read your " Exposition," etc., and desire 
 to say that there are certain allegations made against me per- 
 sonally in the documents therein reviewed, which seem to demand 
 of me some further notice. 
 
 In regard to the charge of falsehood contained in what pro- 
 fesses to be an extract from my letter of February 3, 1869, and is 
 quoted on page 9 of the " Statement," nothing, perhaps, need be 
 added. But as the quotation is a material perversion of my lan- 
 guage, it is proper that I should state just what I did say, which 
 was this : " The amount the Parent Society has received in cash 
 from the New York State Colonization Society since 1849 — nearly 
 twenty years — is less than $12,000 ; and the entire amount claimed 
 by the State Society as a basis of representation^ has not averaged 
 $1,000 a year for the last fifteen years, or more ;" and this saying 
 you have clearly shown to be according to the facts in the case. 
 
 On page 11 of the " Statement," I am charged with "intruding 
 myself into a Committee duly appointed to nominate officers, 
 with a view to prevent the nomination and re-election of the Cor- 
 responding Secretary ; and subsequently of oljtruding myself into 
 the meeting held for the election, not being an elector." 
 
 I have no knowledge of ever being present at a meeting of the 
 New York State Colonization Society, or of its Committee, con- 
 
32 
 
 vcncd for the nomination of officers. By special request of prom- 
 inent members and officers of the Societ}', I did attend the annual 
 mcctim^ referred to, but remained only till tlie chairman and 
 otlier influential members left the room on account of what soon 
 occurred. 
 
 On page 23 of the same document, I am charged with disre- 
 garding a resolution of the State Society, granting permission to 
 the Parent Society to make collections in the State, in not " pay- 
 ing them through the Treasurer of our Society." 
 
 It is true that none of the money I have collected in New York 
 has taken that course ; and the simple reason is, tliat said " Treas- 
 urer " 'persistently refused to take it ; saying he did not want the 
 trouble of it, and that it would be just as well for me to make 
 the remittances and report the amount to him. Accordingly I 
 did so, until the appointment of the " Provisional Committee," who 
 instructed me to make my reports to them. Besides, during my 
 labors in the State, my collections have been acknowledged in 
 the African Repository every month, to the credit of New York. 
 
 Other cliarges and insinuations preferred against me I will for- 
 bear to notice, except to say, they are all as groundless as those 
 I have specified. 
 
 I commenced my labors in this State, with no other purpose or 
 desire than, to awaken a new interest in the cause to which I had 
 devoted nearly twenty years of ray life ; and in all my efforts in 
 this behalf here, as in other States, I have aimed to secure har- 
 mony and efficiency among our friends in prosecuting the work in 
 hand. 
 
 Yery respectfully yours, 
 
 John Orcutt. 
 
 Princeton, April 5, 1870. 
 
 My Dear Sir : — I see, Ijy a pamphlet recently issued by the 
 Board of the New York State Colonization Society, that they 
 have determined to continue their attacks upon the. American Col- 
 onization Society, and to do us all the harm they can, simjdy, as I 
 conceive the matter, for the reason that we will not yield to their 
 unreasonable demands. Whether it is best to take any notice of 
 this last cfl'usion, I have my doubts. Not because there would bo 
 
33 
 
 any difficulty in answering their statements, and showing the un- 
 reasonableness of their conduct ; but for the reason that probably 
 we might employ our time better in direct efforts to interest the 
 Christian community in the efforts of the American Society, to 
 promote the welfare of the colored race. "We have a definite and 
 a most important work to do. TVe must, by the use of every legiti- 
 mate means in our power, add to the numbers and to the efficiency 
 of the Liberian Republic, and do all we can to make Liberia attrac 
 tive to the emigrants from this country. Should we succeed in 
 this, the reflex action upon the colored people in the United States 
 can not fail to be most happy, whether they go or stay. 
 
 If it should be found to be the case, that these assaults are seri- 
 ously interfering with our work, and that they have alienated 
 from us the kind feelings of any considerable number of our 
 Christian friends, then we must devote some of our time to reply- 
 ing to their charges and statements. And in tliis case, I will en- 
 deavor to do my part in the matter, as I fully approve the course 
 of the American Colonization Society, and at the last meeting of 
 the Directors, advocated even more stringent measures than those 
 adopted by the Board of Directors. But after the compromise 
 made by the Board, by admitting the Delegates from both the New 
 York Societies, in which all parties acquiesced (if they did not all 
 vote), I made no further attempt to urge my own views, or even 
 to reply to some remarks to which I certainly should have replied, 
 had I not thought that the adoption of the compromise required 
 me to waive all further discussion. I certainly was surprised 
 that the pamphlet referred to at the beginning of this letter sliould 
 have made any mention of the memorial from the " Board of Con- 
 trol," of the New York State Colonization Society, which our 
 Board, after hearing it read, I might perhaps say a second time, 
 and the first time with copious comments by its autlior, laid upon 
 the table by the decisive vote of 15 to 5, the first vote for laying 
 it on the table being that of the honored President of the New 
 York State Society. These facts it did not suit the writer of the 
 .pamphlet to mention. It would have exposed the unreasonable- 
 ness, not to say absurdity, of his cpmplaints, to have done so. 
 With sincere esteem, yours, etc., 
 
 Rev. Dr. Orcutt. John Maclean. 
 
 3 
 
31 
 
 STATEMENT 
 
 NEW YORK COLOXIZATIOX SOCIETY 
 
 The Executive Committee of this Society, in view of cei-taiu 
 pamphlets which liave recently appeared from the office of the 
 New York State Colonization Society, deem it expedient to offer 
 to their constituents and friends the following observations : 
 
 I. — It seems hardly necessary to say in this community, where 
 the founders and officers of our Society are so well known, and 
 have been for many years, that the Society was not created by 
 any other Association, or by any of its Agents, acting either di- 
 rectly or indirectly. To affirm this is simply ridiculous. The 
 statement of such an absurdity is its own abundant refutation. 
 
 11. — Neither is it the fact that our Society was founded in ill 
 will and antagonisim to any person or persons, or with any design 
 to interfere with the due official prerogatives and proper influence 
 of any existing functionary. That any such low and unworthy 
 motives actuated the men who founded our Society is another 
 palpable absurdity and baseless iixsinuation. 
 
 HI. — Our Society was formed simply because of the conviction 
 forced upon the minds of a number of the old friends of African 
 Colonization, and supporters of the American Colonization Soci- 
 ety, that the dominant influence in the State Colonization Society 
 was not in harmony with tlie Parent Institution, and that for the 
 due support of that Institution by means of direct contributions to 
 its Treasury, and by co-operation in the Board of Directors, a new 
 organization was imperatively demanded. This conviction was 
 of slow growth, but at length it l)ecame so deep and potent that 
 it could no longer be resisted. Subsequent events and e.-<pecially 
 certain proceedings at the late auiuuil meeting of the Parent 
 Institution, and afterward, liave shown, unmistakably, the truth of 
 that conviction, and proved that our Society was not prematurely 
 
35 
 
 or unwisely formed. That the leading members of thd Ststtc Col- 
 onization Society -who controlled the actions of its Managers aro 
 sincere in the views which they entertain as to the proper course 
 to be followed in the work of African Colonization, wo are far 
 from denying. But those views are not the views of a large num- 
 ber of the friends of that work in New York and elsewhere, and 
 have not been and are not the views of the Directors of the Ameri- 
 can Colonization Society. They are not the views of tho'c wlio 
 formed and those who have joined our Association. The dilToreace 
 is one of principles and measures. And it is a serious difference, 
 and one that admits not of com])romise. And yet, so far as our 
 Society is concerned, it is a difference which has led to no iiard 
 feeling, to no bitter words, and to no invidious allegations in regard 
 to those from whom we dissent. Difference of views in regard 
 to principles and measures in a great philanthropic movement 
 need not and ought not to lead to acrimonious disputation, or to 
 personal crimination and recrimination. And that it sliall not 
 produce these wretched results, so far as we are concerned, has 
 been and is our solemn determination. 
 
 IV. — Never in the history of African Colonization has there 
 been a greater call for vigorous effort and liberal contributions 
 than at the present. Never was the future so full of promise. 
 Never have the grand philanthropic objects and aims of the Ameri- 
 can Colonization Society been more clearly perceived and truly 
 appreciated than by many leading men of this generation. This, 
 then, is the time for wise and thoughtful counsel — for prudent and 
 energetic and combined action. The welfare of thousands of tiie 
 Africans in this country — the welfare of that Christian republic 
 which has been planted on the shores of Africa, and the welfare of 
 the millions now living in darkness and degradation in that be- 
 nighted continent, alike now demands at the hands of American 
 philanthropists, of American Christians, that they sliould redouble 
 their interest in the work of the American Colonization Society, 
 and greatly augment their contributions to its treasury. This is 
 the time to send out all proper applicants for a home in Lil)eria. 
 This is the time to confer fully, and freely, and frankly with the 
 more enlightened of the people of color around us, and to furnish 
 them with reliable information touching the condition and pros- 
 pects of Liberia. This is the time to strengtlien that republic by 
 
36 
 
 the expression of our cordial sympatlij, and by lending a helping- 
 hand to the furtherance of all proper efforts in behalf of the. 
 Christian education of its citizens, and especially of the youth. 
 
 We give utterance to these thoughts in the hope that they may 
 find a lodgment in many hearts, remove all misapprehensions as to 
 the origin, purpose, and efforts of our Society, and lead, by God's 
 blessing, to an increased interest in the work to which we are 
 })ledged, and to constant and liberal gifts to that noble Institution 
 (of which we are an auxiliary), which has now for more than half 
 a century labored faithfully and successfully in behalf of the re- 
 generation of Africa. 
 
 Benj. I. Haight, 
 
 S. D. Alexander, 
 
 H. K. Bull, ( Ex. Com. of K. F. 
 
 A. Merwin, . Cut. Sac. 
 
 J. D. Vermilye, \ 
 
 H. G. Marquaxd, / 
 
 No. 24 Bible House, New York, 
 May 16, 1870 
 
 Contributions may be sent to A. Merwin, Esq., Treasurer ; or 
 to Rev. John Orcutt, D. D., one of the Secretaries of the Parent 
 Society, of whose valuable assistance the Executive Committee 
 are happy to avail themselves, having entire confidence in his 
 ability, integrity, and faithful devotion to the cause in which he 
 labors. 
 
 Address : Room 24, Bible House, Astor Place, New York. 
 
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