UlBRARY OF CONGRESS.! :. H..10-.(='.. 9 f UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.! yyh^ C^dyVffrf/y^. TRAVELER'S 6UIDE FROM NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, AND FROM PHILADELPHIA TO NEW YORK, BY STB AM BOAT AND RAIL ROAD t ^CONTAINING Brief Notices of New York, Jersey City, Newark, Elizabethtown, Rah- 1 way, New Brunswick, Perth Amboy, South Amboy, Princeton, Trenton, Jiordentowii, Burlington, Bristol, Camden and Philadelphia ; descriptiona of all the points of interest on the steam-boat and rail-road routes; between New York and Philadelphia ; together with a list of the prin- cipal Hotels in the cities and towns ; rates of cab-hire ; and a variety] of other information of importance to travelers. BY BBNJAMIIV MATTHIAS. jiLADELPHiA.— For Sale by James Harmstcad, 38| N. Fourth Street:' and by Booksellers generally. New York.— For sale by M. Y. Beach, office of" The Sun," eoraer of Fulton and Nassau street. 1844. THE TRAVELER'S GUIDE FROM NEW YORK TO PHILADELPHIA, AMD FROM PHILADELPHIA TO NEW YORK, ., BY STEAM BOAT AND RAIL ROAD : CONTAINING Brief Notices of New York, Jersey City, Newark, Elizabethtown, Rail- way, New Brunswick, Eerth Amboy, South Aniboy, Princeton, Trenton, Bordentown, Burlington, Bristol, Camden and Philadelphia; descripiions of ail the points of interest on the steam-boat and rail-road routes between New York and Philadelphia; together with a list of the prin- cipal Hotels in the cities and towns ; rates of cab-hire; and a variety of other information of importance to travelers. BY BEJVJAMIN MATTHIAS. Philadelphia.— For sale by Godey & McMichael, 101 Chesnut street; Burgess & Zeiber, No. 3 Ledger Huilding; James Harmstead, 38J N. Fourth street: and by Booksellers generally. New York —For sale by M. Y. Beach, office of" The Sun," corner of Fulton and Nassau street. 1843. NOTE. Excursion passengers from Pliiladelphia to New York bay, will find the outside trip from Amhoy to New York, noticed on page 75. PREFACE. The compiler l)egs to tender his sincere thanks to the Captains, Ag(;nts, and Conductors eniingtid on the steam-boat and rail-road lines referied to in this work, for their kindness in furnishing him with many of the facts here given. To several he is especially indebted for information which he found it difficult to obtain elsewhere, and to all he is under much obligation for their courteous treatment and polite answers to his numer- ous inquiries, as well as for their generous efforts in facilitating his gene- ral project. The employment of suitable persons to manace a traveling route is a matter of deep concern to the traveling community, and the compiler be- lieves that all who are in the habit of passing over the routes between New York and Philadelphia, will agree with him in opinion, that the offi- cers engaged in their management are eminently distinguished for capa- bility, as well as courtesy of manners, and a polite and obliging disposi- tion. These qualities amply guarantee the comfort and gratification of the traveler. Entered according to an Act of Congress, in the year 1843, by Benjamin Matthias, in the office of the Clerk of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. J. VAN COUIIT, PniXTKP, aUAUHT ST., NKAIl SECOXD. : (?6 THE FROM lOMK TO PHILADELPHIA, ROUTE FROM NEW YORK TO SOUTH AiMBOY, BY STEAM-BOAT. nif'For route from Philadelphia to New York, see page 33. The boats belongin*^ to the Company, at this end of the line, are the Independence, Capt. Forbes, and the Swan, Capt. Fish. Both are excellent boats, and com- manded by gentlemanly and experienced navigators. The Swan is now used, principally, as a transportation boat. Leaving the wharf, near the Battery, in the com- modious and elegant steamer Independence, our first business is to see that our baggage is carefully placed in the baggage cars, and the next to step to the Cap- 4 THE TRAVELER S GUIDE, tain's office, and settle the fare. This over, we have leisure to ohserve that the boat is pursuing a south-west course across the beautiful bay, leaving- behind the vast forests of masts on the North and East rivers, the hun- dreds of steamers and small craft plying about the wa- ters, and ihe bustle and confusion of the great city of Gotham. On the left we pass Governor's Island, containing about seventy acres, upon which are Fort Columbus and Castle Williams. The former is a strong work in the shape of a star, on the south side of the island ; the lattter is on the north-west point of the island, built of stone, in a circular form, six hun- dred feet in circumference, sixty feet in height, and with three tiers of guns. On the right is Gibbet Isl- and, formerly a place where criminals were executed, and the spot upon which Gibbs was hung for piracy. Just beyond, on the same side, is Bedloe's Island, upon which is a substantial fortification, lately much improved. This is a most beautiful place in the sum- mer season. Below Governor's Island, on the left, is Red Hook, and between the two places is Butter- milk Channel, leadino; into the East river. The depth of water is sufficient for vessels of the largest class. The land on our right hand is New Jersey ; on our left. Long Island. We have here, on our left, abeautiful view of " The Narrows," being; the outlet to the sea for New York Bay, between Long Island and Staten Island. The Narrows are about eight miles from the city, and one- third of a mile in width. On the eastern, or Long Isl- and shore, are Forts Hamilton and Lafayette, the latter of which is built on a reef of rocks, two hundred yards from the shore, where the former is situated, and has FROM NEW-YORK TO PHILADELPHIA.. O three tiers of guns. On the Staten Island side are two fortresses, called Fort Tompkins and Fort Richmond. The United States Government has, since the last war with Great Britain, paid particular attention to tliese fortifications, and they are now considered amply suf- ficient for the defense of this important passage. A Telegraph has been established on the heights of Sta- ten Island, communicating by signals, with one in the business part of New York city, which gives early in- telligence of arrivals or important events, when desired. The view of the Narrows is, at all times, exceedingly attractive. Our boat continues in a south-west course, until we reach the Light-House, on Robbin's Reef, distant from New York about six miles. The reef or flat ex- tends from the Jersey shore. The Light-house was erected about four years since. Here we incline more to the west, and very soon approach an arm of the sea called "The Kills," running between Bergen county, (N. J.) on the right, and Staten Island on the left. Two and a half miles north of the bluff on Staten Island, on the left, is the Quarantine ground, where is usually to be seen, in warm weather, a great num- ber of vessels lying at anchor, mostly from foreign ports, performing sanatary regulations, in order to prevent the diseases of foreign countries from infecting the commercial emporium. The quarantine ground is about five miles in circumference. Close by is the village of ToMPKiNsviLLE, very pleasantly situated on the shore facing the bay. Steam-boats run, several times daily, between here and New York. On the north of the village are situated three spacious hospitals to the Lazaretto. The buildings and grounds are finely situated on rising ground, and show to great ad- a* 6 THE traveler's GUIDE, vantage from the water. The villag-e contains a num- ber of stores and taverns, churches for Methodists, Episcopalians and Presbyterians, and about one hun dred and fifty dwellings. Having fairly entered the " Kills," we have imme diately on our left, the beautiful village of New Brigh- ton, a favorite summer residence for affluent families from New York. The grounds and buildings in this fashionable place of resort, display much taste and ele- gance. The Brighton Pavilion, situated near the steam-boat landing, is a large and splendid editice, ca- pable of accommodating a large number of visitors. A fine bathing establishment is erected near the hotel, for the convenience of the public who resort hither for health or amusement. An excellent seminary for young ladies, is established at Brighton. The steam- boat fare, between New Brighton and New York, is usually 122 cents. The point on the right, is called Constable's Point, near which an effort was made, some years since, to establish a Navy Yard, but the project signally failed. This stretch of land is called Bergen Neck, being ihe lower part of Bergen county.* Passing New Brighton, we approach on the same ide, the extensive building known as the"S\iLOR's Snug Harbor." This noble institution was founded * Bergen county is about thirty miles long, and twenty- five broad, and forms a portion of the eastern part of the State of New Jersey. The land is generally rough, hilly and mountainous. There is a copper mine in the count3% which was formerly productive, but it has been neglected for many years. This section of country was originally settlerl by the Dutch. The present population of Bergen county is 13,223. 4i FROM NEW- YORK TO PHILADELPHIA. 7 by the will of Capt. Robert R. Randell, in 1801, who beqiieatlied a large landed estate in New York, the in- come of which was to be expended in supporting aged and disabled seamen. The number of inmates, at pre- sent, is between fifty and sixty, all old veterans, Avho in this establishment find a most comfortable retreat from the cares and toils of life. Immediately opposite, on the right, is North IT^ast Harbor, a safe retreat for vessels in a north-east gale. The next village on the left, is called Factoryville. It contains nearly one hundred dwellings, besides sev- eral extensive manufactories, including a large dyeing and printing establishment. This is quite a flourish- ing place.* Half a mile beyond Factoryville is another village called Port Richmond, containing a Bank, three churches, several stores, and about sixty dwellings. Several whaling vessels are owned by citizens of this place. Further on, on the same side, is a small village called Johnson's Dock, near to which is a land- ing called Quarry Dock. A large and very fine quarry of grey granite, lies about a mile and a half in * Staton Ifland is celebrated for containing a number of beautiful sites for elegant tnan^:ions, as well as for its valu- able farms, and the substantial character of its inhabitants. The island is hilly, and in some places quite rouo-h, bnt the industry of its population has made the land exceeciino-Iy pro- ductive. Along the route we are now travelincr, every ap- pearance indicates comfort and happiness. The island is about eighteen miles in length, and has a medium breadth of between six and seven miles. The inhabitants are chiefly descendants of the Dutch and French, and are noted for their hoppitalitv to strangers. The population of the whole island is about 11,000. 8 THE traveler's GUIDE, the rear. Oyster boats and other small craft, are built at Johnson's Dock. Soon after passing this, we have on the left Bergen Point, and a fine view of Newark Bay, with the city of Newark in the distance. The bay is navigable up to the city of Newark, a distance of about ten miles. 'J'he little island at the mouth of the bay is called Shooter's Island, immediately opposite wiiich, on the Staten Island side, is HollIx\'s Hook, a small vil- lage, built up principally by boatmen.* Here terminate " the Kills," and we next enter a narrow and crooked stream of water, extending from Newark bay to the bay of the Raritan river, called Stvtk.n Island Sound. At the entrance there are ex- tensive flats on each side of the channel, but just be- yond, the depth of water is sufficient for very large vessels. This stream we follow the whole distance to Perth Amboy, where is also the termination of Staten Island. About a mile and a half from Shooter's Isl- and, is Elizabkthport, anew and thriving settlement, already containing several large and important manu- factories, among which are iron works, rope walks, chair factories, &c. A rail-road extends from here to Somerville, a distance of seventeen miles. Eliza- bethport contains one or two churches, three or four hotels, and over one hundred dwellings. Daily inter- course with New York is maintained by steam-boats and rail-road. Elizabethport is situated at the mouth of Elizabeth- * Beyond Shooter's Isliind, the navigation is sometimes, at very low tides, exceeilinofly difficult: and the steam-tioats riinnino- to Amboy are occasionally oblio-ed to make tiie outer. trip, that is, run outside of Staten Island, The outside trip is also taken when the navigation is obstructed by ice. FROM NEW-YORK TO PHILADELPHIA. 9 town creek, a small stream extending up to, and be- yond the town of that name. It is fifteen miles fronni New York, or half way between New York and Am- boy. Here commences an extensive range of flats, called Salt Meadows, which extend on each side of the river for about two miles. While going through the meadows, an extensive view of the country is afford- ed, but the prospect is deficient in interest.* The Sound, as well as Newark bay, is celebrated for its fine oysters, the business of procuring and selling which, affords employment to a large number of per- sons. Two miles from Elizabethport we pass, on the right, a small barren island called Buckwheat Island, just beyond which is another, of larger dimensions, called Duncan's Island. This also is barren, or cov- ered only with salt meadows. Here, on the left, is Crawl's River, a small stream leading to the village of Ohelsea, which we pass, near the shore, about a mile further. The river forms the island. Chelsea contains a number of very neat and comfortable dwell- ing's. Just beyond Chelsea, on the right, is the mouth of Rahway River, leading up to the town of Rahway, about three miles distant. Here the pros- pect greatly improves — the land is higher and more * Nevertheless, the whole trip from New York to Am boy, by this route, is, in the summer season, exceedingly attract- ive. Indeed, few routes in our country, of the same lencrrh, can surpass this, taken as a whole, for beautiful scenery, charming villages, elegant country seats, and general points of interest. The steam-boat is usually from two to two and a quarter hours in making the trip between New York and Am boy. 10 THE TRAVELER S GUIDE. undulating, and the general aspect of the country is smiling and cheerful. About two and a half miles from Chelsea, on the left, is a small creek called Fresh Kills, leading up to Richmond, the capital of the county of that name, distant between two and three miles. Richmond con- tains the coimty buildings, consisting of a court-house and jail ; both small, but of sufficient size for the wants of the people — the jail being often without ten- ants. The village contains also, two churches, three taverns, several stores, and about fifty dwellings. Oil the right is Tuft's Landing, or Blazing Star, containing two or three tolerably handsome residences. Just beyond, on the left, is Rossville, a small village, with a good hotel, and several very neat and elegant private mansions. This is a place of much resort in the summer season. The town takes its name from Col. Ross, a large landed proprietor, who has erected here a beautiful Gothic mansion, much admired by travelers on this route. It is a costly and extensive afTair, and is really elegant, notwithstanding its sombre appearance. The village contains about twenty-five dwellings. A mile or two further, we pass, on the right, the village of Woodbridge,* distant about two miles from the Sound, and barely visible from the boat. The town contains a post-office, a church, a tavern, three stores, and a population of about five * About a mile from Woodbridge, is a celebrated mineral soring called the Spa : the waters of which are said to be valuable in the cure of liver co-nplaints, eruptions of the skin, &c. The Spa lies between Woodbridge and Perth Amboy, and is much resorted to by invalids durinij the summer months. In the immediate vicinity are a number of ex- cellent boarding houses, fur the accommoJation of visitors. FROM NEW-YORK TO PHILADELPHIA. 11 huiulred. This is about four miles from Perth Am- boy. The scenery on both sides of the Sound is very beautiful in this vicinity ; the farms are well cultivated, the productions of the soil valuable, and the farm houses of a neat and substantial character. The point on the left is called Willow Point, near- ly opposite which, on the right, is the mouth of Wood- bridge Creek, leading to the village just named. A short distance beyond this, on the right, is a long point, called Plough Shear Point, so named from its shape. At the distance of a mile or more from this place, we reach the city of Perth Amboy, where the boat stops for way passengers. P£RT1I AMBOY. Perth Amboy is advantageously situated at the head ofRaritan bay, about twenty-five miles south-west of New York, and fourteen miles from Sandy Hook. It is bounded on the east by Staten Island Sound, and on the south by the Raritan river. It is a port of entry, and is one of the largest and safest harbors in the Uni- ted States, though the landed proprietors appear to be sadly deficient in enterprise. Perth Amboy is easily approached from the sea by a broad channel, having generally fourteen feet of water and upwards. This place was early noticed by the English settlers in this vicinity, and was called by the aborigines Jimbo^ the Point. It was greatly resorted to by them on account of its fishery and oyster beds ; the latter of which still exist here, and are, at the present time, celebrated for the fine quality of the oysters, which are taken in great abundance, in the immediate vicinity, giving em- 1*2 THE traveler's GUIDE. ployment to a great number of persons. Perth Amboy was first settled, and laid out into lots in 1683. Its present charter is dated 1784. The city is governed by a mayor, recorder, aldermen, common councilmen, sheritT, coroner, township officers, &c., elected annu- ally by the people. The mayor, recorder, and alder- men have power to grant licences, and to hold a court of record. To induce the settlement of merchants here, the port was declared free, and they are exempt from taxation for twenty-five years. The city at pre- sent contains about 1300 inhabitants, a dozen or more stores, several taverns, churches for Episcopalians, Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians, several good boarding houses, and a number of good schools. Among the latter are a young ladies' seminary, kept by Mr. and Mrs. Halsey, and an academy for young gentlemen, by Mr. S. E. Woodbridge. There is an extensive pottery in the city, in which clay from South Amboy is chiefly used ; but the chief business of the inhabitants is the oyster fishery, in which a capital of •$50,000, or upwards, is employed, and which yields a handsome annual profit. From its easy access by water, and its pleasant situation in the vicinity of the ocean, — affording delightful sea-bathing, Perth Amboy may be ranked as an agreeable and healthy place of resort, during the summer months. A few years since, a large hotel, called the Brighton House, was erected for the accommodation of visitors to this place, but owing to the want of patronage, it was discon- tinued, and is now converted into a handsome coun- try seat. Among the manufactories of the place is one for furnishing Dr. Andrews's patent locks for doors, chests, banks, &c., known over the whole Union. Perth Amboy is two miles from South Amboy. PROM NEW-YORK TO PHrLADELPHIA. 13 Opposite Perth Araboy is Totten's Landing, con- taining a few dwelling houses and a ship yard. Leaving Perth Amboy, we at once open into Rar- ITAN Bay, leading to the ocean on the left. Billop's Point is on the extreme end of Staten Island. Here are extensive flats, celebrated for fine oyster beds, some of which are as much as three or four miles in extent. On these flats, oysters are planted, and the business is found to be exceedingly profitable, while the quality of the oyster is much improved by this process. Fairly in the bay, we have, on our right, the Raritan River,* extending up the country many miles, and embracing some beautiful scenery ; and on our left, the outlet to the ocean, through Lower Raritan bay. Prince's Bay Light-House, the Highlands of Neversink, and the Light-House on Sandy Hook, distant seventeen miles, are visible from the boat, in clear weather, forming a most interesting and attract- ive prospect. Landing at South Amboy, the baggage crates are hoisted, by powerful machinery, on the rail-road ; and having shown their tickets at the gate of the depot, the * The Raritan river is formed by two considerable streams, callt^l the North and South brfmches, — the source of the one is in Morris county, that of the other in Hunterdon county. At Raritan hills, through which the river passes, is a small cascade of fifteen or twenty feet, between two rocks. Oppo- site to New Brunswick, the river is so shallow, that it is fordable at low water, for horses and carnages ; but a litlle below, it dpepens so fast, that a heavily-laden vessel may rifle securely, at any time of tide. Copper ore has been found in the upper part of this river. B 14 THE traveler's GUIDE, passengers take their seats in the cars, on the rail-road leading to Bordentown, distant thirty-five miles. SOUTH AMBOY. South Amboy is very prettily situated at the head of the Raritan bay, and mouth of the Raritan river. It is about fourteen miles east of New Brunswick. Here is a safe harbor for vessels, and deep water at the landing. The village is situated to the left of the landing. It contains a tolerably good hotel, a Meth- odist church, and about forty or fifty dwellings, — prin- cipally occupied by persons attached to the rail-road. The Company own most of the property in this vicin- ity. There is here an extensive manufactory of stone ware, made from clay obtained in the neighborhood, which is celebrated for its excellent quality. Popula- tion 1800. Houte from Soiitli Amboy to PliiladelplEia, BY RA.IL-ROAD. From South Amboy, the rail-road, for several miles, runs through a country both sandy and dreary — deep cuts of barren sand hills, and low and unprofitable pines, — and presenting, of course, few objects of in- terest to the traveler. The tediousness of the route, however, is somewhat relieved by the mile posts, which skirt the way on our right, and mark the dis- tances as we rapidly pass them. The mile posts ex- tend all the way to Bordentown. Losing sight of the bay, we pass at once into a country covered with light woods of pine and cedar, up a grade of forty feet to the mile, — the heaviest FROM NEW-YORK TO PHILADELPHIA. 15 grade on the whole road. On the grrade is a heavy, deep cut, varying from twenty to tlfty feet, in a coun- try wretchedly poor and barren. This grade extends for about two miles. Between the 3d and 5th mile posts, (from Amboy,) the cutting is also very deep. Five miles from Amboy, we pass, on the left, the Township Poor House, a small frame building, as poor in appearance as the land upon which it is erect- ed. Just beyond this, we go through what is called the Devil's Half Acrk, a remarkably barren spot, of some twenty acres, across which, in windy and stormy weather, the sand rolls in mountains. At the 7th mile post we cross a small stream, leading into the Raritan river, called Tennett's Creek ; just beyond which is another stream called South River, also running into the Raritan. Here is a village, called South River, containing two taverns, two stores, and from twenty-five to thirty small dwelling houses. This is a great depot foe wood, which is brought here from the adjacent country, for the use of the locomotives. The country is rather more open, and, in places, un- der good cultivation. Two miles further, we arrive at Where the cars stop to take in wood and water. On the left, is the villaije of Spotswood, a thriving place ; containing two churches, a grist mill, two taverns, and from forty to fifty dwellings. In the town there are, also, several establishments for manufacturing tobacco. Spotswood creek is crossed soon after leaving the Station. Beyond the 12th mile post we cross a small stream, or pond, said to be celebrated for good fishing. Here we have, again, pine woods and barren sands, for some 16 THE traveler's GUIDE, distance. Some of the banks along the road have the appearance of containing marl, but the article is not rich enough to answer the purposes of manure. At the 14th mile post is West's Turn Out, where the cars stop to take in and let out passengers, and where there is a small village, of some half a dozen houses. Beyond this, we pass through an uncultivated country, covered with light pine woods.* Passing the 15th mile post, we have, again, a tolerably deep cut through sandy hills, emerging from which the country presents a more interesting appearance — the quality of the land grows better, and the cleared portions appear to be under good cultivation. • The little village of Gravelly Hill, is situated near the 16th mile post. Here there is a turn-out for the trains to pass each other. About a mile or two hence, we pass the village of Cranberg, distant a mile or two on the right. The steeple of the Presbyterian church may be seen from the rail-road. Here we again pass throujjh pine and cedar woods, and leaving the 19th mile post, reach a country rather better cultivated. Near the 21st mile post, is IIICJMTSTOIVN STATIOIV, And the village of that name, where the cars stop for passengers, and to take in wood and water. Passen- gers for Freehold, Monmouth county. Deal, Squam, Long Branch, &c. on the sea board, are landed here, during the summer season, both from New York and Philadelphia, and take stages to their places of destina- * The character of the soil along this roarl, though unfa- vorable for cultivation, is excellent for rail-road purposes, and the Company have taken every possible precaution to guard against tl;e effects of frost and snow. The road is based on a considerable depth of powdered stone. FROM NEW-YORK TO PHILADELPHIA. 17 tion. Hightstown creek runs close by the town. The village contains churches for Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians, three stores, three taverns, and nearly one hundred dwellings, all frame, and none of them remarkably neat or handsome. From Hightstown to the 24th mile post, we find nothing of interest on either side of the road. The country is poor, the land woody, and the dwelling- houses small and unprepossessing in appearance. Be- yond the 24th mile post, we pass, on the riffht, the small village of Centreville, containing a half dozen or more houses, and a small but neatly built cluirch. At the 25th mile post, we cross a rivulet, upon which there are two or three mills. Beyond this, for several miles, we have the same uninteresting kind of country. At the 30th mile post, the appearance of things is decidedly better— the quality of the land is much im- proved, and the dwelling-houses look neat and com- fortable. The population here is also more dense. About a mile further, on the left, is the village of Yardleyville, or Sand Hills, containing some twen- ty or twenty-five houses. Here we cross the great road leading to Trenton, which city is distant about three miles on the right. Beyond this, we cross, on a long bridge, the Crosswicks Crkkk, a winding little stream which passes through the grounds of Count Survelliers, and empties into the Delaware at Borden- town. The stream has here a most singular and un- usual bend, and the rail-road bridge crosses it twice. Beyond this the country is still improving, and some tolerably fine orchards are seen along the road. About two miles from Bordentown, on the riglit, is a range of curious and singular buildings, with a white exterior, erected some years since, by Achilla IMurat, b* 18 THE traveler's GUIDE, 1 son of Joachim Murat, once king- of Naples, and nephew of Napoleon. The mansion-house, stables, &c., are all under one roof. J\'ist beyond this, we have, on the right, a neat white fence, marking the property of Count Sur- velliers, which continues for some distance, on our right hand. The grounds exhibit fine woods and parks, elegant lawns and graveled v/alks, and display, in the whole, much industry and skill, as well as neat- ness and tasle. A fine view of the Count's mansion is obtained from the cars. This brings us at once to the village of Bordkn- TOWN,* and passing through a deep cut, and under two bridges, the last of which is substantially arched, we arrive at the usual stopping-place for way passengers.! Emerging from this deep cut, we pass the branch road to Trenton and New Brunswick on the right, and at once open into a charming view of the Delaware river on the right. Half a mile further brings us to HOKDEWTO^VIV STATION. From this place passengers from New York are sometimes conveyed to Philadelphia by steam-boat, and sometimes by rail-road to Camden. We shall follow the latter, at this time, and beg to refer the steam-boat passenger, for a description of the leading points of interest on the river, to our article com- mencing on pajje 33. The locomotive being replenished with wood and * Ft)r a description of Bordentown, see page 42. f The interestino- appearance of the country, for the last few miles of the road, atones, in a great measure, for tlie barrenness of that between Amboy and Hightstown. FROM NEW- YORK TO PHILADELPHIA. 19 water, we leave the Company's depot, and run close along the river for some distance, having, on our left, a high bank, and on our right, an extended view of river scenery, and many charming prospects on the Pennsylvania shore. The village of Whitehill is on our left, — see page 42. Between two and tliree miles further, we reach Biddle's Creek, and the vil- lage of KiNGCORAS, opposite the southern part of Bid- dle's Islvnd. See page 41. Leaving this we lose sight of the river, and have a straight road for some miles, throiigh a tolerably well cultivated, and rather interesting country. The farmers in this vicinity en- tered largely into the great mulberry delusion, which prevailed so extensively a few years since, and al- most every patch of ground was, at one time, covered with mulberry trees. At Burlington the cars stop about five minutes, to take in and let out passengers. For description of this place, and the principal buildings near at hand, see page 39, and page 47. About a mile from Burlington we cross a small creek, and again have a fine view of the river. On the Pennsylvania shore is Bristol College, present- ing a neat and imposing appearance. See page 38. The country around here is highly agreeable, and the land of good quality and well cultivated. Some of the peach orchards are very extensive, and furnish large quantities of this fruit for the Philadelphia market. Two or three miles further on, we pass a small and rather neat village, lying between the rail-road and the river, called Cooperstown. It contains a very pretty church, and a number of comfortable dwellings. Be- yond this, the country is more broken ; but very fine orchards continue to line the road, until we arrive at 20 THE traveler's GUIDE. On the river of tiiat name, where the cars stop for water. Mount Holly is a few miles distant, on the left. Large quantities of pine wood are annually brought down this river for a market. This is eleven miles from Camden. From Rancocas to Pensauquin Creek and village, a distance of about four miles, we have a diversified rountry, of the same general charanter as that before noticed. Melons, peaches, Sic, are raised in great abundance. The houses are small, but the population is more dense ; and there is a manifest improvement in the appearance of the land, as we approach the city of Camden. Some fine views of river scenery are afforded on this stretch of the road, which is nearly straight from Rancocas to Pensauquin. Beyond this, we have a view of Bridesburg, on the Pennsylvania shore, and, in the course of a mile or two, the steeples of Philadelphia, and the upper part of the city, are seen in the distance, on the right. The country is generally level, and tolerably well improved. Passing the Fish House, on the right, belonging to the Tam- any Pea Shore Company, (see page 34,) we run close along the river shore, and speedily arrive at Cooper's Creek. From this place a short run brings us to the suburbs of Camden. Passing a beautiful site called Woodlands, a great place of resort in the summer season, we have the city of Camden on our right, and on our left, a new and rapidly improving settlement, called South Camden. The Episcopal church, a very neat building, the ?viethodist Episcopal church, a new and handsome edifice, the city jail, and a number of pretty and commodious brick dwelling houses, are SKETCH OF CAMDEN. 21 passed on the right. Then, enterhig the depot, we leave the cars, and find, close at hand, a steam-boat to take us to Walnut street wharf, Philadelphia. SKETCH OF CAITIDEIV. The healthy and flourishing; city of Camden was first settled in 1681, by William Roydon. In irs2 it was regularly laid out by Jacob Cooper, whose family came from Camden, in Gloucestershire, England. The population of Camden in 1840, was 3366; it is now estimated at about 4000, including South Camden, and the villageof Kaighnton. Cam- den was incorporated in 1828, with extensive boun- daries. The oldest house is the tavern at English's Ferry. The places of worship are an Episcopal church, which has a tower ; two Friend's meeting houses, and two Methodist churches. An excellent public school, and several private seminaries are within the limits af the city. The manufacture of carriages is carried on extensively in this place. There are several saw and grist mills, a piano forte manufactory, and two printing offices — from one of which a weekly paper is issued. There is a book- bindery at South C^amden, and at Kaighnton an ex- tensive glass factory, and also a pottery and an iron foLindery. Camden is famous for its Jersey sau- sages, which eire much in demand in the Philadelphia market. This branch of business employs a large number of hands. A number of commodious ferry boats ply con- stantly between Camden and Philadelphia. Cam- den is the great entrepot of Philadelphia, at the ter- minus of the New York rail-road. Roads diverge from here to all parts of New Jersey, and be- 22 THE traveler's guii^e. sides the rail-road to Bordentown north, there is one to the village of Woodbury, south. South Camden is the part of the city increasing* most rapidly at pre- sent in buildings, population, and wealth. The ^^round slopes up very gradually from the river, mile or more, where there are many pleasing villas, cottages, and neat and commodious dwellings ; all commanding a full view of the river and city. — This vicinity is considered remarkably healthy. — South Camden was laid out and founded by Richard Tetters, and was originally called Fettersville. Camden is a great resort for Philadelphians du- ring the summer season, for rural recreations, tlic country air, and the pleasure of crossing the river, &c. There are several public gardens, charming- ibr recreation and refreshment, and the pine woods in the imnnediate vicinity, afford delightful grounds for the sportsman, the naturalist, and the gentleman of leisure. The baggage cars are also taken on board the boat, and while making the trip across the river, the passen- gers have an opportunity of looking for their baggage, and engaging a porter, a number of whom are allowed to be on board. The usual charge for conveying one trunk, a reasonable distance, is twenty-five cents ; for five or six trunks, one dollar. A great number of hacks and cabs will be found on the wharf. The rates of fare, as established by law, are as follows : — fiS A € E4 Rf E Y C O A € M E S . 1. For conveying- one passenger from any place ea?t (^ Broad street, to any other place east of Bruad street, within the city limits, — 25 cents. RATES OF HACKNEY COACHES AND CABS. 23 2. For conveying one passenger from any place we-t of Broad street, to any other place west of Broad street, within the city limits, — 25 cents. Each additional passenger, 25 cents. \^ Not more than four passages to be charged for any one carriage. 3. For conveying one passenger from any place east of Broad street, to any place west of Broad street, or from any place west of said street, to any place east of the same, within the city limits, — 50 cents. If more than one passenger, then for each passenger, 25 cts. 4. For conveying one or more passengers in any other direction within the limits of the pavement, for each pas- senger per mile, — 25 cents. 5. For conveying one or more passengers, v;hen a car- ria2"e is employed by the hour, — $1 per hour. And at the same rate for a longer period. BAGGAGE. 1. For each trunk or other baggage placed inside, at the owner's request, and which would exclude a passenger, for each passenger that mi^ht be excluded thereby, — 25 cents, 2. For each trunk, &c. placed outside, — 12| cents. Baggage placed outside not to pay more in the whole than 25 cents. O' Penalty for exceeding the above charges, Five Dollars. CABS. 1. For conveying one passenger from any place east of the centre of Broad street, to any other place east of the centre of Broad street ; or from any place west of the centre of Broad street, to any other place west of the centre of Broad street, within the city limits, — 25 cefits. Each additional passenger, 12^ cents. 2. For conveying one passenger from any place east of the centre of Broad street, to any other place west of the centre of Broad street; or from any place west of the centre of Broad street, to any other place east of the centre of Broad Btreet, within the city limits, — 37^ cents. Each additional passenger, 12^ cents. 24 THE traveler's GtlDE. 3. For the use of a Cab by the hour, within the city limits^ with one or more passengers, with the privilege of g'oing from place to place, and stopping as often as may be re- quired; for each and every hour, — 50 cents. 4. Whenever a Cab shall bo detained, except as in the foregoing section, the owner or driver shall be allowed per hour, — 50 cts. And so, in proportion, for any part of an hour, exceeding fifteen minutes. 5. For conveying one or two persons, with reasonable bag- gage, to or from any of the steam-boats or rail-roads, (ex- cept the Trenton and New York Rail-Roads,)— 50 cents. More than two persons,— each 25 cents. TENALTV. For exceeding the above charges, or for refu-ing or ne- glecting, when unemployed, to convey any persons, or their baga;'age,to any place within the limits prescribed by the Ordi- nance, upon being applied to for that purpose. Five Dollars. HOURS OF STAR11NG TO VARIOUS POINTS. For Baltimore, at 6^ o'clock, A. M., and 4 P. M. For New York, at 7 and 9 A. M., and 5 P. M. For Reading, Pottsville. &c., at 10 o'clock, A. M. For Lancaster, Harrisburg, Chambersburg, and Pittsburg, at H A. M., and 2 P. M. Depot, Market near Eighth et. For West-Chester, at 8 A. M. Dppot on Broad street. For Germantown, Manayunk, Norristown, several trips daily. I^or Wilmington, at several hours during the day. For Delaware City, Smyrna, &c., daily, at 10 A. M. For Salem, &c., by steam-boat, at 10 o'clock, A. M. For Bethlehem, Allentown, &,c., daily, at 4 A. M., from White Swan Hotel, Race street near Third. For Tuckerton, and various other place's in New Jersey, three times a week, from Market street Ferry. For Bristol, Burlington, Bordentown and Trenton, several times! daily, by rail-roads and steam-boats. |l3"As the hours of starting on the above lines, are frequently chang:ed, the traveler should make inquiry respecting them, at the hotel at which he Etops. i OUTLINE OP PHILADELPHIA. 25 BRAEF OlJTI.I.\E OF PHILADELPHIA- Philadelphia is situated on the narrowest part of the isth- mus between the rivers Delaware and Schnylkill, and is the most reo^ularly built city in the United Slates. The prin- cipal streets are one hundred feet wide, and the others not less than fifty. They are perfectly straight, and intersect each other at right angles. Many of them are beautifully fihaded, all are well paved, and kept remarkably clean. Common sewers have been formed under most of the main streets, which carry the filth into the Del-iware, and contri- bute to the comfort of the inhabitants. The houses exhibit an appearance of neatness, uniformity, and commodiousness, and most of them are ornamented with white marble steps and window sills. The principal streets are lighted with gas. Manufactures of almost every description, are carried on to a very great extent, in Philadelphia and the immediate vicinity. As a publishing city, it is one of the greatest in the world. Its literary character has always been high, and the excellence of its daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly periodicals, is known- throughout the whole country. Ita extensive [)ook publishing establishments are excelled only by those of New York. The literary, philosophical, and benevolent institutions of Philadelphia, are too numerous for a particular notice of each, in this brief sketch. The Phihidelphia Library was founded by the illustrious Franklin, in the year 17H1. [t is situated on Fifth street below Chesnut, and contains over 4*2,000 volumes. The library of the Athenfcum, is oparly opposite, where there is a most choice collection of valuable works, popular literature, and periodical publications. There are various other public libraries, the most valutble of which, are those belonging to the Ac.idemy of Natural Sciences, and that owned by the Philosophical Society. The Phila- delphia Museum, founded by Pnale, the most extensive col- lection of objects of natural history in America, occupies the upper part of a splendid new building on Ninth street below Chesnut. The Academy of Fine Arts was founded in c 26 Tlifc TRAVteLtlR^S Gl'iDE. 1805, and contains a valuable collection of painting's and sts* tuary ; among the latter arc the Three Graces of Caiiova. The Pennsylvania University, the Jefferson Medical CoUefre, and the Pennsylvania College, embrace medical schools of a deservedly high reputation, and the number of students is im* mensely large. The faculty of these institutions is com- posed of some of the ablest medical gentlemen in the country. The Pennsylvania Hospital was founded in the year 1750. The buildings occupy an entire square, and in the front of them stands a leaden statue of William Penn. West's splendid picture of Christ healing the Sick, is kept in this institution, and is shown to strangers for a small gratuity. A branch of this establishment, for insane persons, has recently been organized on a most beautiful site a few miles from the city, west of the Schuylkill. The Asylums for Widows and Or- phans are most praiseworthy institutions, as is also that f»)r Indigent Widows. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, on Broad street, has been productive of much good. Wills' Hospital for the Blind, on Race street, is one of the noblest institutions of the city, and is doing much to promote the comfort and happiness of those afflicted with the loss of sight. Among other meritorious associations, there aie the So* ciety for promoting Agriculture, the Franklin Institute, for encouraging the Mechanic Arts, the Horticultural Society, the Association for Disabled Firemen, the Preston Retreat, the Apprentices' Library, the several Dispensaries, the Mu- sical Fund Society, the Seaman's Friend Society, the Mag- dalen Asylum, the Humane Society for the recovery of drowned persons, and the Union Benevolent Society, the object of which is to afford relief to the suffering poor through- out the whole city and districts. There are about fifty public buildings in Philadelphia, and nearly one hundred churches. Of the churches three only have steeples, viz., Christ Church, on Second street, above Market, a very old edifice; St. Peters' Church, at the corner of Pine and Third street, and the Presbyterian Church on Arch street above Tenth. The two former have each a c'lime of bells. The First Presbyterian Church, on Washington Square, the Episcopal Churches on Eighth, Tenth, and Thir- OUTLINE OF PHILADELPHIA. 27 teenth street, and the new Methodist Church on Eighth street, are considered as furnishings, with many others, admirable specimens of architecture. Of the public building's, a few only can be noticed, and these, of course, will be those most likely to interest strangers. The B.ink of the United States, on Chesnut street, is con- sidered the most finished specimen of pure Grecian archi- tecture in the Union. It is of white marble, with Doric col- umns in front. Nearly adjoining is the Philadelphia Bank, a very neat edifice. The Bmk of Pennsylvania fronts two streets. Second and Dock, with Ionic columns, and is of white marble. The Girard Bank is a beautiful marble building with Corinthian columns, on Third street below Chesnut. The Exchange, at Dock and Walnut street, is among the most elegant, costly and extensive buildings in our city. The basement is occupied as the Post Office, and for brokers' offices, insurance companies, &c. The large hall used for "Change," is a most spacious room, with handsome columns, painted ceil- in o^s, &LC. The Reading Room is adjoining. Mr. John C. Martin is the attentive and efficient superintendent, from whom the stranger is always sure of receiving the utmost courtesy. The State, House, on ChesTiut street, between Fifth and Sixth, is a long range of brick buildings, dear to the whole American people, on account of containing the room where the Declaration of Independence was reported and signed. Here are Court rooms, the Mayor's office, rooms for city and county officers, &c. A beautiful steeple is built upon the centre building. The Arcade is an imposing struc- ture, Ifading from Chesnut to Carpenter street. It is fitted up with shops for the sale of every variety of fancy goods. The old Masonic Hall, on Chesnut street above Seventh, is in the Gothic style, and has boen much admired. The build- ing occupied as the Mint of the United Slates, fronts on Ches- nut street near Broad, and is built entirely of white marble. The amount coined annually varies from two to three mil- lions of dollars. The principal officer 'jt present is Major Isaac Roach, a v.^orthy and much esteemed citizen, for- merly Mayor of the city. The mint was established in this city in 1791, and in 1829, the present building was 28 THE traveler's guide. erectefl. It presents a front of one hundred and twenty-two feet, divided into a portico sixty-two feet long, and two wingvS each of thirty feet. Thebuilding isof the Ionic Order, taken from the celebrated Grecian temple on the river liissus, near Athens. It is open to visitors. On the Ridge Road, a short distance from the city, nre the splendid buildings of the Girard College. These are still untinished, but no stranger should leave the city without pay- ing them a visit. Two millions of dollars were appropriated by Mr. Girard, for the building and endowment of this col- lege, and the gratuitous support and education of orphans. The main building is one hundred and ten by one hundred and sixty feet, three stories high, and sufficiently spacious for the accommodation of three hundred scholars. It is built en- tirely of white marble, and the fluted columns and caps are the richest things of the sort that have ever been seen in this country. The College is unquestionably a great ornament to the city, but the great delay in its completion is much to be regretted. Philadelphia has three Theatres, and two establishments for the operations of Circus Companies, open at intervals. The Chesnut street Treatre, has a front of white marble, and presents a very chaste exterior. The Arch street Theatre also presents a very fair exterior. The front of Welch's Circus, formerly the National Theatre, on Chesnut street near Ninth, is occopied by stores. The House of Refuge, an institution for the reformition of juvenile offenders, was founded in 1826; the building of which was effected in part by private donations. The plot of ground on which the Refuge is erected, is on the N. W. cor- ner of Coates street and the Ridge Road. It is four hundred feet in length, and two hundred and thirty-one feet in breadth. The main edifice is ninety-two feet in length by thirty in depth, and is capable of lodging two hundred and seventy- nine persons. Tiie annual expenses are about $r2,000. The Eastern Penitentiary, on Coates street, is a noble edifice, and well calculated to convey an idea of the external appear- ance of the castles of the middle ages, which contribute so eminently to embellish the scenery of Europe. It is built OUTLINE OF PHILADELPHIA. 29 in the Gothic style, and hns the aspect of a fortress. It is of great extent. The wall is of gnmite, forty feet high, and incloses a square, six hundred and filty feet each way. The convicts are all employed in various kinds (3f mechanical labour, in cells by themselves, and a portion of the proceeds of his work is paid to the convict on his liberation. The hu- mane and rntional system of discipline established, and so successfully maintained in this institution, has become a model for those of the other States, r,nd for many in Europe. The Conttty Prison, situated in Moyamensirin-, is a new and splen- did build in «j: of great extent. This prison is also under the most eii'cient regulation. The improvement in which Philadelphians take the most pride, is perhaps that connected with a plentifiil supply of pure water from the Schuylkill river. This enterprise was commenced in 1797, when a reservoir was constructed on tlie Schuylkill, from which water was thrown, by a steam- engine, into a tunnel, and thence conveyed to another engine house on Broad and Market street, where it was apam raised by a second engine, and distributed in pipes through the city. By this means, in Jan. 1801, water from the Schuylkill was first thrown into the city. An experience of ten years proved that a snfncient supply could not be obtained by this method, and in ISll, two larijer engines were constructed, and an additional reservoir formed. Even these, however, were not satisfactory in their results, and the expense was found to be enormous. In 1S19, the project of damingthe Schuylkill, and erecting the works at Fairrnount, was commenced, and in the course of a few years, completed. The result is most satis- factory. An unlimited amount of water is obtained, and at this time, the iron pipes through which it is conveyed to the city and districts, make, together, an extent of about one hundred and fifteen nules. The consumption in the summer months is about 4,500,000 gallons of water for twenty-four hours, and the reservoirs, which cover six acres of ground, and are one hundred and two ti^et above tide water, will con- tain a supply for ten days at that rate. The small water-rent charged to tamilies, for the use of the Schuylkill water on c* 30 THE traveler's GUIDE. their premises, brins^s in a handsome revenue to the city. A new dam has recently been erected on the ISchuylkill, and the grounds about Fairmount greatly improved. It is, perhaps, the most attractive place for strangers in the whole city. Against the ravages of fire, Philadelphia is most efficiently protected. No city in the Union has a more prompt or active fire department. It is composed principally of young men, and the competition among the companies, to be first on the ground, and render the most service, is very great. There are about sixty independent Engine and Hose companies, owning splendid fire apparatus. Many of the hose carriages are models of beauty, and most of the engines are built in the most elegant and substantial manner. They will project water to the distance of about two hundred feet. The fire companies are supported partly by individual subscriptions, and partly by appropriations from the city and districts. The Public Squares should not be forgotten. They reflect great credit on the wisdom and foresight of Penn, by whom they were designed, and are much prized by the citizens, who make them a place of great resort. In the Franklin {Square, in the north part of the city, there is a beautiful fountain. Every stranger is struck with the excellence of the Phila- delphia markets, and a walk on a market day through the market-houses on High street, which extend about a mile in length, is really a matter of curiosity. The supply of arti- cles is immense, and theair of neatness and cleanliness which prevails, can scarcely be found, to the some extent, in any other city. There are market houses of less extent in various parts of the suburbs of the city. There are two bridges across the Schuylkill at Philadel- phia, both of which are free. The Permanent bridge at Market street, is 18(10 feet in length, and cost about $275,(!00. The new Wire brid^re, at F'airmount, just completed, is universally admired for its lij^ht and beautiful appearance. The view of the river and adjacent country from this bridge, is truly magnificent. OUTLINE OF PHILADELPHIA. 31 In the matter of Education, Philadelphia has ever been distinguished. It has a vast number of private seminaries, boarding schools, &-c,, of the highest character, but the praise- worthy system of Public Schools, so generally in operation, is the leading feature of its education at present. These schools are found in all parts of the city and suburbs, well filled with pupils of all classes, the rich as well as the poor, and conducted by able and efficient teachers. For education in the higher branches, an High School has been established on Juniper street near Market, which is filled with pupils from the Public Schools. This school is under the charge of experienced professors, at the head of whom, until recently, stood Professor A. D. Baclie. On the High School there is an Observatory, and the most valuable astronomical appara- tus to be found in the United States. For admi.^sion into the High School, no other qualification is necessary, upon the part of the child of the humblest citizen, than a certain de- gree of proficiency in the lower branches, and a probation in some one of the Public Schools. Philadelphia is divided, for municipal regulations, into the City proper, and the' districts of the Northern Liberties, Kensington, Spring Garden, Southwark and IMoyamensing, all of which are subdivided into wards, for each one of which there is an Alderman, elected by tlie people. The City is governed by a Mayor and Select and Common Councils, the Northern Liberties by a Mayor and District Commissioners, and the several districts by Commissioners, all of whom are elective officers. The population of Philadelphia is, by the late census, 258,832. Philadelphia was founded in the year 1682, by William Penn. The name Philadelphia is derived from two Greek words, the first signifying "a friend," and the second "a brother." The Indian name of the place was Conqiienalm, or "the grove of tall pines." The fronton the river Dela- ware extends a distance of between four and five miles. Sept. 5, 1774, the members of the first congress convened 32 THE traveler's guide. in Philadelphia, where they adopted that celebrated decla- ration of rights which may be considered the preface to the Declaration of Independence. Within two year? after, the eternal separation of the United States from Enoland was decreed by that aug-ust body, and proclaimed to the people from the State Honse. The Declaration of Independence \s stated to have been written by Mr. Jefferson in a ronm in the buihling on Fourth street, known as the Indian Qnoen Hotel. Cono-ross continued to sit at Philadelphia until the approach of the enemy, in the fall of 1770, compelled them to retire to Baltimore, The city fell into the possession of the British forces, Sept. 26, 1777, and they occupied it until the 18th of June tbllowintr. Dnrii)Sf the remainder of the war it happily escaped the ravan-es of the enemy. Phila- delphia was the seat of the Stale Government until the year 1800. PRINCIPAL HOTELS. Wasliinetnn rioii=o. No. 2\12 Chesnut st., kept by H. J. Hartwell. United states Hotel, (^hpsiiut above 4th, " Tlios. C.Ray. Union Hotel, l.'S-i Uliesniit struct, " J. A. Jones. Frankli.'i H'ltel, •;hesnut near 3(i, " .t. IVI. Sanderson &,?on. Congress Hall, 83 Chesnut street, " J. Stnnlivant. iMerchants' Hotel, 4th above High st.. " K. N. Bridges. Tremont House, Chesnut below 4th, " Mr. Herr. Indian Queen Hotel, 4th ahovp Chesnut, " Jesse Righter. VV'aliiutst. House, No. 2 Walnut St., " J. B. Blo'idgood. Baltimore House, Dock arid Front st., " W. S. Herrill. Madison House. 39 North Second st., " G. Fern e. Mount Vernon House, ii.5 North Second si., " vv'm. Field. Civ Hotel, Third near Arch St., " R. W. D'lnlap. Gulden Swan, Third ahove ^Arch St., " Clias. Wise. White Swan, 203 Sassafras St., " John Webb. Mansion House Hotel, Market and llth St., " John dorter. Second st. House, 4-2 North Second St., " Jose|)h Hall. Western Exchamje, High, west of Broad, " R.Boyle. Western Hotel, 2>E^TOWW. Bordentown is situated on a bank about seventy feet above tide water. Its position is remarkably beautiful, and the view of the river and adjacent country afforded from the river front of the town, is not to be surpassed in a distance of many miles. The town is remark- ably healthy, and it is a most desirable place of resort in the summer season. It contains a population of about 2000 — churches for Episcopalians, Baptists, Methodists, Friends, and African Methodists, and a place of meeting for Roman Catholics. The town is * The channel of the river is on the left of Biddle's Island. The stream between the island and the Jersey shore, though wide, is sometimes fordable. SKETCH OF BORDENTOWN. 43 governed by three burgesses, a town clerk, high constable, &:o. The magnificent estate of the ex-king Joseph Bona- parte, commonly called Count Survilliers, lies in the upper part of the borough, fronting partly on the river and partly on Crosswicks creek. It is known by the name of Point Breeze, and its beautiful situation proves the owner to be a gentleman of the most cultivated taste. By an act of the legislature of New Jersey, passed expressly^o meet this case, the Count is ena- bled to hold real estate, without becoming a citizen of the United States. On the estate there are a hand- some mansion-house, a number of out-buildings for domestics, a handsome observatory, fronting on the river, summer houses,