SD 427 .T5 ns 1911 Copy 1 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. FOREST SERVICE. HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. REGULATIONS OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE AND INSTRUCTIONS TO FOREST OFFICERS RELATING TO AND GOVERNING TIMBER SALES, ADMINISTRA- TIVE USE, TIMBER SETTLEMENT, AND THE FREE USE OF TIMBER AND STONE UPON NATIONAL FOREST LANDS. ISSUED BY THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE TO TAKE EFFECT DECEMBER 1,1911. TIMBER SALES. ADMINISTRATIVE USE. TIMBER SETTLEMENT. FREE USE. WASHINGTON: G0VEBN5IENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1911. Glass SJIj-gl Book 1^5 h S U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE. HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. lit THE NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL. REGULATIONS OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE AND INSTRUCTIONS TO FOREST OFFICERS RELATING TO AND GOVERNING TIMBER SALES, ADMINISTRA- TIVE USE, TIMBER SETTLEMENT, AND THE FREE USE OF TIMBER AND STONE ih^%' UPON NATIONAL FOREST LANDS. .,^— — ^ ISSUED BY THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE TO TAKE EFFECT DECEMBER 1, 1911. TIMBER SALES. ADMINISTRATIVE USE. TIMBER SETTLEMENT. FREE USE. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1911. ^^' x^^P^ n \ The wSecretary * * * may make such rules and regulations * * * as will insure the objects of such reservations, namely, to regulate their occupancy and use and to preserve the forests thereon from destruction; and any violation of the provisions of this act or such rules and regulations shall be punished [by $500 fine or 12 months' imprisonment, or l^oth] as is provided for in the act of Jime 4, 1888, amendinij section 5388 of tlie Kevised Statutes of the United States. (Act of June 4, 1897, 30 Stat., 11.) ^ CONTENTS, Page. Regulations "J Timber sales ' Appraisal of timber 7 Limitation of annual cut 7 Maximum and minimum prices 7 Authority to make sales 7 Deposits 8 Payments and refunds ^ Installment payments 8 Modification of contracts 8 Advance cutting 8 Private sale ^^ Prevention of monopoly ; award of sales to trespa.-..™„««„ of ™„ $5,000, allotments at the highest price offered may Prevention of mo- ,' ' ii-iij ^ i nopoiy. Award of be made to several bidders to prevent monopoly, sales to trespassers, g-^^^ submitted by parties who have trespassed upon any National Forest will not be considered unless full settlement has been previously made for such trespass. Reg. S-11. Timber cut from any National Forest may be exported from the State or Territory in which the National ^Importation of Forcst is situatcd, except that from the Black Hills National Forest in South Dakota only dead and insect-infested timber may be exported from the State, and this only until the date upon which the Forester shall certify that the ravages of the destructive insects in said Forest are practically checked, but in no case after such date or dates as Congress has specified or shall hereafter specify. Timber cut from any National Forest in Alaska may be exported therefrom and sold anywhere, upon certification by the supervisor that the timber has been purchased and cut from a National Forest in Alaska. Reg. S-12. No trees on National Forest lands, or from any un- ^ ... . , patented claim within National Forests, shall be cut. Conditions of sale. ^ ,, . i -n i • • i i ^ i 1 or otherwise killed, injured, or destroyed, except under permit or where allowed by law in the development of the claim. No trees on any unpatented claim within National Forests shall be cut under permit, until the written consent of the claimant has been filed with the Forest supervisor, except in emergencies arising from insect infestation. No live trees shall be cut under any contract until marked or other- wise designated by a Forest officer. No timber cut under any contract shall be removed from the place selected for scaling, measuring, or counting until it has been scaled, measured, or counted and stamped by a Forest officer. No pereon except a Forest officer shall stamp any timber belonging to the United States upon a National Forest with the regulation marking ax or with any instrument having a similar design. All saw timber will be scaled by Scribner Decimal C log rule, as used by the Forest Service. 10 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL REGULATIONS. Reg. S-13. The period allowed for the removal of tunber, which in no instance shall exceed five years, except in ime imi . special cases upon specific approval by the Secretary, will be fixed in the agreement, and in sales in which a period of two or more years is allowed for the removal of the timber, the minimum amount to be removed each year must be specified, except in unusual cases. The Secretary may, in his discretion, when circumstances warrant, extend the time beyond a period of five yeare; but such extension will be granted only to prevent hardship in cases where the failure to remove the timber within the five-year' period is due to circumstances over which the purchaser had no control. Reg. S-14. The officer approving any timber-sale contract may require the purchaser to furnish a bond for the satis- factory completion of the contract. Reg. S-15. The disapproval of an application for the purchase of timber or for the modification of an existing con- ^^^^^' tract by the officer authorized to approve such application shall be considered final unless written notice of appeal to the next superior officer, district forester. Forester, or Secretary, as the case may be, is fifed with the officer disapproving such appli- cation within 30 days from the receipt of his decision. All appeals arising from the enforcement or execution of the provisions of a tim- ber-sale contract shall be made in the first instance to the Forest supervisor. His decision thereon shall be considered final unless written notice of appeal to the district forester is filed with the super- visor within 15 days from the receipt of his decision. Appeals from the decisions of the district forester to tlie Forester or from the decisions of the Forester to the Secretar)^ may be made by filing written notice witli the officer from wliose decision appeal is taken within 15 days from the receipt of such decision. Reg. S-16. The use of steam engines or steam locomotives in operations on National Forest lands under any timber- gS'o^iocom^tive"' s^le coutract or under any permit is prohibited unless they are equipped with such spark-arresters as shall be approved by the Forest supervisor, or unless oil is used exclusively for fuel. ADMINISTRATIVE USE OF TIMBER. Reg. S-17. The Forester, and the district foresters \\^thin the amount which they are authorized to sell, may remove and sell or dispose of, under free-use permit or otherwise, as shall be most advantageous to the United States, any timber upon the National Forests when such removal is actually necessary to protect the Forest from ravages or destruction, or when the use or removal of timber is necessary in the construction of roads, trails, cabins, and other improvements on the National Forests or in experiments conducted by the Forest Service. The authority conferred by this reguktion may be delegated by district foresters to Forest supervisore. TIMBER SETTLEMENT. Reg. S-18, Wlien timber on National Forest land is cut, damaged, killed, or destroyed in connection mth the enjoyment of a right of way or other special use it shall not be necessary to advertise it for NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL^ REGULATIONS. 11 sale, but payment therefor may be required at such rate or rates as may be fixed by the officer authorized, under the timber-sale regu- lations, to sell the amount of timber involved, but in no case for less than the minimum or for more than the maximum price established by the Secretaiy of Agriculture, unless the authority of the Secretary is secured. When, however, a right of way or other special use is granted within a National Forest in Alaska, the supervisor may, with- out charge, allow the cutting of timber when this is necessary for the proper enjoyment of the special use. FREE TJSE OF TIMBER AND STONE. Reg. S-19. The Secretary of Agriculture will determine for each fiscal year, upon data to be furnished by the Forester, y w om gran e . ^^^^ maximum amount of timber to be cut under free use on each Forest, which amount shall form a part of the total maxi- mum cut for the Forest. The Forester may grant free-use permits for timber not exceeding $500 in value, and may delegate this author- ity to subordinate officers. Permits for timber in excess of $100 in value, except in cases of unusual emergency, will be granted only for public purposes. Supervisors, unless otherwise authorized, may not grant permits for material exceeding $100 in value. All Forest officers whom the supervisor may designate are authorized to grant free-use permits up to $20 in value. Ihe Forester is also authorized to grant free use of stone and to delegate this authority to subordinate officers. All applications for free use of timber of value above $500 will be submitted to the Secretary of Agriculture for approval. Reg. S-20. Free-use permits may be granted to bona fide settlers. To whom granted, i^^iners, residents, and prospectors for minerals, who may not reasonably be recpured to purchase, and who have not on their own lands, or claims,, or on lands controlled by them, a sufficient or practically accessible supply of material suitable for the purposes named in the law. They may also be granted to school and road districts, churches, or noncommercial cooperative organizations of settlers desiring to construct roads, ditches, reser- voirs, or other similar improvements for mutual or public benefit. Fcee use ma}^ be granted to other branches of the Federal Govern- nient. Free use may bo granted for consumption outside the State in which the National Forest is located, except from the Black Hills National Forest in South Dakota, on which Forest the free use of dead and insect-infested timber only may, until the date upon which the Forester shall certify that the insect ravages are practically checked, but in no case after such date or dates as Congress has specified, or shall hereafter specify, be granted for consumption out- side the State. Reg. S-21. Trespassers will not be granted free use until full To whom refused. Settlement luis been made by them. Free use of material to be used in any business vnW be refused, as, for example, to sawmill proprietors, owners of large establish- ments or commercial enterprises, companies, and corporations. Reg. S-22. No applicant will be given more than two free-use ^^^^^^ permits in one year, nor may the aggregate amount of material granted in the two permits exceed $20 in value, except in cases of great and unusual need, or in the case of 12 KATIONAL FOEEBT MAXUAL EBGULATIOyS. fcf;hool and road diBtricts, churches, and noDr:onirriercLal cooperative organ JzationB of Bettlere, wjien the Buper-visor ma}', in his dihcretion, extend tiife amount t j i -r- '^ i free use of taw tim- physically mcapa^jitated . Lxf^eptioiis, however, mny ****■ be rxiade in unusual cases in the judgment of the supervisor. All free-use matf;rial may be sawed and all except green timber may l>e cut for the perTnittee by an agent, but the work so done mustViot be paid for ov a share of the material. On Forests where a limited supply or otfjer conditions justify it, the free use of all green saw timl>er or both green and dead saw timber may l>e refuse^!. Rei^. S-24. Xecessary cutting of timber in surveying for lawful Free use without P^ojects mnv }>fi <\<)T\er or otherforest products rer^eived prohibited. undcr a fre^>-use perTnit shall not be sold. Rej?. S-27. Settlers, farmers, prospector's, fishermen, or similar j>ersons residing within or adjacent toNational Forests to^iBL'iki.'''"'*""''" ^^ Alaska may take, witliout permit and frna (A charge, green or dry timber from the Forests, and drift- wood, afloat or on the beaches, for tlieir own personal use, but not for sale; provided, that the amount of material so taken shall not in any one year exf^^ed 20,000 feet board measure, or 2.5 cords of wood; and provided further, that the persons enjoying this privilege will, on demand, forward to the supervisor a statement of tlie ouantity of material bo taken and a description of the location from wMch it was removed. PROCEDURE AND INSTRUCTIONS IN TIMBER SALES, ADMINIS- TRATIVE USE, TIMBER SETTLEMENT, AND FREE USE. United States Department of AGjacuF/jURE, Forest Service, Wasldngton, D. C, October 31, 1911. Tlio following |)rocodure .ind instructions aro hereby established and issued, to take effect December 1,1!)JJ, ^overnin<^ the enforcement of the reticulations of the wSecretary of Afi^riculture relatinle timber, assuming a rotation based on the best a,viiilal)le growth (hit;i. On Forests or working units where the demand is very great as compar(;d with the supply, much more <'ii,re must be (exercised in determining the limitation than w here the demand is compar.itivcily light and there is no danger of overcutting. When market conditions are such that it is [)ossible to utilize small timber from needed thin- nings or inferior material suitable for minor uses which would other- wise go to waste, tlK! limitation may Ixi higher than if it is ])ossible to mark(it only large; matc^rial suitabhi for saw tindx-r. Sp(H-ial attention must b(; given to com|)ai'tm(!nts contaJning j)ro- tection Forests. Where such areas occur (he recommended cut should b(! gr(?atly reduced or the areas eliminated in the <-a,lcida,tions. On two or more; adjacent F(n'ests where conditions arc very similar and the general ])lan of management is the same, it may be advisable, 13 14 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. where the timber should be cut and it is possible to obtain pur- chasers, to treat the maximum cut for a group of Forests as a whole. To do this special authority must be obtained from the Secretary. MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM STUMP AGE PRICES. The supervisor of each Forest will recommend annually to the district forester on April 1 the maximum and minimum stumpage rates which should be fixed for the Forest for the ensuing fiscal year. Maximum and minimum stumpage prices will be recommended, with such classification as to species, accessibility, and grade of material as may be necessary to cover adequately all conditions existing on the Forest. Flat rates applicable to two or more species should be recommended wherever advisable. All rates should be based upon the thousand feet, board measure, and will be applied to other units of quantity in ratios established by these instructions or specifi- cally approved by the Forester. The rates recommended should be based as far as practicable upon those obtained in current sales, with reasonable latitude to make them applicable to the more or less accessible and desirable timber. Upon receipt and review of the supervisor's recommendations on maximum and minimum stumpage rates and limita- cedure-m°fx?mum tiou of cut, a letter ill triplicate will be prepared in and minimum rates ^j^g district office anuuallv bv April 15. The original and limitation of cut. . , -n i p " " i i j- ^ i • i i: and one carbon will be forwarded for the signature or the Forester and the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture, lim- iting the annual cut and establishing maximum and minimum rates on the Forest for the following fiscal year. After approval the origi- nal will be retained by the Forester and the carbon returned to the district forester, who will fill in the signature on the third copy and send it to the supervisor. CLASSIFICATION OF SALES. Sales are divided into the f ollo^\'ing classes : Class A: Ranger's sales, no one sale exceeding $50 By amount. . , " in value. Class B: Supervisor's sales, no one sale exceeding $100 in value. Class C: Supervisor's sales for such amounts exceeding SlOO in value as the supervisor is authorized to advertise and sell, in no case over 2,000,000 feet board measure. Class D: District forester's and Forester's sales exceeding the amounts which supervisors are authorized to sell. Unadvertised sales : Sales not exceeding $100 in amount may be ement ^^^^^ ^"^^ ^^^ ^^^'^ *^^'^^ *^^® appraised value of the Byadver isemen . ^^j^-^j^^j, ^-^^ need not be advertised. Advertised sales: Sales exceeding $100 in amount must be adver- tised. Private sales : Timber which has been advertised but for which no satisfactory l)id has been received may be sold at any time at not less than the highest bid received and in no case at less than the mmimum price specified in the advertisement. NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 15 CLASS A: RANGER'S SALES. If an examination of the timber as outlined on page 36 shows that it should be sold, the Forest officer will designate the tmiber to be cut and fix the terms of sale. Tlie contract will be prepared in triplicate and executed and approved in duplicate. The purchaser should send Contract. ^^^^ required payment to the proper United States depository with a letter of transmittal given him by the Forest officer, v/ho will fill out two copies, mark one ''Duplicate" and for- ward it to tlie supervisor. Remittances should be made by postal money order, express order, or New York draft. Currency may be sent at owner's risk. Postage stamps, foreign money, uncertified checks, or defaced coin will not be accepted. The Forest officer, upon assurance that the required payment has been for\varded to the proper United States depository, wifi approve both copies of the con- tract and permit cutting and removal. He will forward the original to tlie supervisor, give the duplicate to the purchaser, and keep the triplicate for his files. Extension of cutting period, modification of the contract, or post- ponement of brush piling may be approved b}- the cont?a1:ts^.''^*'°"^ °^ officer approving the sale, under the Imiitations imposed by regulation S-7. Copies of all such modi- fications, includmg extensions, shall be sent to the super\dsor. Copies of the map and Forest description will be sent to the super- visor with the other papers. In sales of dead timber di^w?ption^ ^*'"'* only, however, such copies need not be furnished unless specifically required by the supervisor. Upon receipt from the ranger of the original of the contract and dujilicate letter of transmittal in the supervisor's office vis^'i^s offici: ^''^°^' tfiey will be examined as to their correctness and to determme if consistent with approved and existmg rates and poficy. A white timber sale record card (Form 615) v.ill be filled out and filed alphabetically. The duplicate letter of trans- mittal will be placed m a reminder file, which will be examined weekly and the ranger notified of cases m wlfich payments are two weeks late. Upon receipt from the district fiscal agent of the original letter of transmittal with the proper notation of receipt, the amount paid will be checked agamst the amount due, as sho\\Ti by the letter of transmittal, and the amount paid and date of receipt entered on the timber sale record card. The original will then be forwarded to the payee and the duplicate, with a notation of pajmient received, to the ranger. Should the notification of receipt reach the super- visor before the letter of transmittal from the ranger, the data will be entered on a timber sale record card and completed upon receipt of the letter of transmittal and contract from the ranger. Unless required by the supervisor, cutting reports (Form 820) need not be submitted until the sale is ready for closing. cutting reports. ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ Compared with the card record as directed under ''Records and reports," page 59. The ranger will submit a cutting report (Form 820) in dupficate with his recommendations. If approved by the '*^''^' supervisor the dupficate copy wUl be stamped" This case is closed" and returned to the ranger, who ^\dll transfer the 5276°— 11 2 16 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. folder to the closed files. The supervisor will retam the original and will transfer the folder and the card (Form 615) to his closed cases. CLASS B: SUPERVISOR'S SALES NOT EXCEEDING $100 IN VALUE. Application may be made through any Forest officer, but the super- visor must approve the contract. If the latter decides that a sale should be made, after an examma- tion in accordance with the instructions on page 36, the applicant should forward to the United States depository the payment required, and receive from the supervisor an approved copy of his contract. Procedure in other respects follows that outlined under class A sales. Where no living timber is involved, maps or Forest descriptions need not be prepared unless they are required by the de^wfption!^ Forest supervisor or are necessary in the judgment of the Forest officer making the examination. Since the law definitely limits the amount of timber which can be sold in an individual sale without advertisement to a _^^May not exceed yahie of not more than $100, great care will be taken, in malang class B sales, that the value does not exceed $100. It is safer to make the sale a little under the $100 limit to allow for possible excess cutting. If the value of the timber cut exceeds $100 it -wdll be necessary to make a new sale of the amount cut in excess, but where the amount of a sale together with a small overcut does not exceed $100 the overcut should be accounted for as an excess cutting on the original contract. Repeated sales of unadvertised timber to the same Repeated sales. purchaser, in order to avoid advertising, are not per- mitted. CLASS C: SUPERVISOR'S ADVERTISED SALES. The amount of timber which can be advertised is limited to the amount named in the supervisor's letter of authority, pp ca ion. -whether the timber is advertised under a general notice or in response to an application. This authority is given only to the person named in the letter, and is not incident to the office. Upon receipt of an informal appfication to purchase timber the Forest super\asor will determine, m accordance with the procedure outhned under ''Exammation of timber applied for," on page 36, whether the sale can be made. The formal application will be prepared in quadruplicate. Two copies ^vi\\ be transmitted to the appficant, the origmal of which should be executed and returned to the supervisor. A copy will be forwarded to the ranger. Upon receipt of the formal appfication or upon receipt of the report in general notice sales, the case will be recorded on a salmon- colored timber-sale record card (Form 615) which will be filed under timber sales alphabetically. The notice of sale will be prepared in triplicate by the supervisor as soon as the application is approved and the adver- tising deposit of $50 has been made. The signed original \^dll be sent to the publisher; the first carbon, on which the name of the newspaper is entered, will be sent to the district forester, and the second carbon filed. NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES, 17 As soon as the first publication has appeared, it should be com- pared with the file copy for mistakes. One copy of tis^ment* °^ *'^'"" Form 935, with pablished notice attached, must be sent to the district forester, and a second copy filed by the last date for receiving bids as a reminder of the expiration of the advertisement. The form of notice of sale and further mstructions are given under "Advertisement," page 20. The origmal applicant and other ]^ros]:)ective bidders will be noti- „ ^ ^ ^ fied as soon as publication has begun, insti'ucted to Bids and awards, p i i • i -/i • .i • i -c i • xi forward bids withm tlie period specmed m the notice of sale, and furnished with Form 941 and salmon-colored bid envelopes. (See p. 23, under ''Bids and awards.") The supervisor should notify the successful bidder that the sale has been awarded to him and that the final agreement, and bond if required, will be sent to iiim within a specified time. A cojiy of all bids submitted shall be marked "For the information of the district forester," and forwarded to the district office. Further instructions are given under "Bids and awards," page 23. The final contract will be prepared on Form 202 in quadrui)licate and executed and approved in duplicate. The approved original is for the supervisor's files, the du])licate for the purchaser, the third copy will be forwarded imme- diately after approval to the district forester, and the fourth copy, showing the dates and signatures of execution and approval, should be sent to the officer in charge of the sale. Further instructions are given under "Contracts," page 23. If a bond is required the supervisor will prepare it in duplicate on Form 377, send the original to the purchaser for exe- cution with the contract and tlie duphcate to the district forester proj^erly filled in immediately after the execution and approval of the original. The original will be approved by the super- visor and filed with his record of the case. Further instructions are given under "Bonds," page 24. If advance cutthig is allowed by the Secretary, the application vnl\ be prepared in quadruplicate and executed in dupli- ng. p^^g_ The original agreement after approval by the supervisor is for the supervisor's files, the dupHcate for the purchaser, and the tliird and fourth copies with the dates of execution and ap- proval written in for the district forester and the officer in charge of the sale. Instructions governing advance cutting are given on page 25. The letter of transmittal (Form 861) will be made out in duplicate by Forest officers and the original sent to the pur- mutai" °^ *^^°^" chaser to be forwarded with each deposit to the proper United States depository ; the duplicate will be filed m the supervisor's office m a waitmg file and handled thereafter as in class A sales. Copies of the map, estimate, report, application, notice of sale. Form 935, contract, bond, and important modifica- re^ord';'"'* ^°^^'*"'' tious will be Submitted to the district forester as they are prepared, except the contract and bond, wliich will be submitted after execution and approval. „, . Class C sales will be closed in the same manner as Closing. , . 1 class A sales. 18 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL^ TIMBER SALES. The application and report in advertised sales will be examined for the purpose of ascertaining whether they are in tn^rofficef^' *^'^" accordance with the preceding instructions and with instructions to the supervisor as to price, amount, period, and other conditions. Special care is necessary to see that cutting ^vill be done in accordance with the preliminary or final worldng plan, and that the plan for marking agrees with the policy adopted for the Forest and type. The carbon of the notice of sale will be checked, with particular attention to the period allowed for submitting bids, the location of the cutting areas, the estimate, price, and deposits required. The published notice of sale (Form 935) wUl be checl^ed with the carbons previously received from the supervisor, and fUed as a reminder against the receipt of the contract and bond. If advance cutting has been allowed, the copy of the application will be reviewed. When the papers have been reviewed, they will be returned to the supervisor, with instructions or comments if necessar}^ No record wdl be kept in the district office. Supervisors who have shown their ability to handle class C sales properly may, in the discretion of tlie district forester, be authorized to discontinue sending papers to the district office, except when necessary for examination by district assistants to the solicitor of authority of officers of incorporated companies to execute the con- tract for the company. CLASS D: DISTRICT FORESTER'S AND FORESTER'S SALES. The steps are the same as in class C sales untU the supervisor has received the formal application signed by the appli- saks *appUcation^^^ caut. If the supcrvisor decides to recommend the sale, he will notify the applicant to forward S50 to the proper United States depository to cover the cost of advertising, and will send the application to tlie district forester with the report, estimate, and map. If the supervisor recommends the approval of the application v/ithout modification, he will initial in the lower left- hand corner of the first page. If he wishes to recommend any modi- fication of the application or to give a more detailed explanation of any features of the examination or application, he will do so in a letter sent with the other papers. Where advisable, a sample contract, unexecuted, containing all of Sam le contract ^^^^ provisious of the proposcd Sale, ma,y be sub- mitted to the district forester in lieu of a formal application. When, however, the privilege of advance cutting is desired the applicant will in every instance be required to sim a formal application before his application for advance cutting will be considered. Card record A blue timbcr-sale rccord Card (Form 615) will be filled out by the supervisor and filed as in class A sales. The application or sample contract will be examined by the district forester as under class C sales, and if approved, a timber-sale record card (Form 615) wili be filled out and filed. The supervisor will be notified immediately of any necessary modifications in the application, and will obtain the cation^^^^ ^ ^^^^^" consent of the applicant to such modifications before proceeding with the notice of sale. NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 19 After approval of the application or sample contract and receipt Notice of sale '^^ deposit to cover advertisino;, a notice of sale will be prepared^ in the district office, with two carbons, the original signed by the district forester, and with one carbon sent to the supervisor, who will have it published in accordance with the instructions under "Advertisement," page 20. As soon as the advertisement begins, the supervisor will check the pul)lished notice of sale with the file copy for mis- tis^ment* °^ ^^^^^' takes, aucl forward jForm 935 to the district forester. The published notice of sale (Form 935) will be reviewed by the district forester and filed as a promise card to check the expiration of the advertisement. The supervisor will notify the original applicant and other pros- Bids and awards. P^^iive bidders as soon as advertisement is begun, instructing them to forward their bids within the period specified in the notice of sale. He will furnish them with copies of Form 941 and blue bid envelopes. After the bids are opened, the district forester will immediately notify the supervisor of the names of bidders, the amount of each bid, and the award. See ' ' Bids and awards," page 23. A contract, Form 202, will then be prepared by the district forester Contract with fouF car])ons. One copy will be filed and the original and three carbons sent to the supervisor, who will have the original and one carbon executed by the purchaser and return them to the district office. The third copy will be retained in the supervisor's files, and the fourth sent to tlie officer in charge of the sale. The contract will be submitted to the district assistant to the solicitor for examination. After the district forester has approved both copies, the duplicate will be forwarded to the pur- chaser through the supervisor and the original filed in the safe. When the apjiioved duplicate of the contract is received by tlie supervisor, he will enter the signature and dates of execution and approval on his copy, and notify the officer in charge of the sale in order that the latter may take the same action. The bond, if one is necessary, will be ])repared in duplicate and tlie Th-'bond original sent to the purchaser for execution through the supervisor. The executed and approved original will be submitted to the district assistant to the solicitor for examina- tion and will be retained in the district office. The duplicate, with dates and signatures filled in, will be filed with the supervisor. Application for advance cutting will be prepared by the supervisor Adancecuttm ^^^ quadruplicate, and executed and forwarded in ng. j^ip}icjjt,(3 {o the district forester. The district for- ester will review the a])plication, and approve it if satisfactory and such action a})pears advisable, after obtaining authority from the Secretary. The original will be retained in the district office and the duplicate returned to the supervisor. The supervisor will make the necessary entries on the remaining copies, forward the du])licate to tlie purchaser, retain the third copy, and send the fourth to the officer in charge of the sale. If the application is disapproved, the supervisor will be directed to inform the purchaser of the reasons for such action. 20 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL — TIMBER SALES. In the discretion of the district forester, supervisors may be Work which may required to prepare notices of sale to be submitted be required of super- with the apphcatiou, to receivc bids, or to prepare "^'''^" the contracts and bonds. For sales which exceed the district forester's limit, the application, Forester's sales together witli the report, estimate, map, and tlie supervisor's and district forester's recommendations, will be forwarded to the Forester for his approval. Wlien the Forester has approved the application, the district forester will sign the notice of sale and proceed with the advertisement. After the contract has been properly executed cutting may begin, but the contract and bond should be forwarded to the Forester for approval, with extra copies for filing. The sale will then be handled as a district forester's sale, except that modifications of the contract can be made only witli the Forester's approval. Where advisable, a sample contract, unexecuted, containing all of the provisions of the proposed sale, may be submitted to the Forester in lieu of a formal application. When, however, the privilege of advance cutting is desired the applicant will in every instance be required to sign a formal application before his application for advance cutting will be considered. Upon approval of the sample contract by the Forester, the district forester will proceed with negotiations with the applicant and advertise the sale if its conditions are accepted by him. It is essential that no final assurances be given to prospec- tive purchasers until the Forester has passed upon the application or sample contiact. ADVERTISEMENT. Advertisement of sales of timber exceeding $100 in amount is re- period quired by act of June 6, 1900 (31 Stat., 661), for a period of not less than 30 days. Advertisements must be published in papers included in the yearly authorization issued to the supervisor by the Secre- nw a papers. ^^^^^ ^^ Agriculture. If publication in other papers is advisable, the authority of the Secretary should be requested through the Forester. If the notice of sale is to be published in more than one newspaper, an original copy will be sent to each. The last day for receiving bids named in all tlie papers must be the same. The notice of sale must announce the time and place of filing bids, the location and approximate amount of timber, the Essential features. j.j.i,i*j.i ixi i ii amount to be deposited, and the name and address of the supervisor from wiiom full information can be obtained. It will state that the right to reject any or all bids is reserved. Great care will be taken to determine and designate closely the location of the timber which is advertised. If the ^Location of tim- \^j^(\ included ill the notice of sale is unsurveyed, the word "approximately" should be inserted in the de- scription of the probable legal subdivisions. Whether the land is surveyed or unsurveyed, the location should be given with reference to watersheds or well-known natural objects, as well as by legal or approximate legal subdivisions, so that if by any chance a mistake is made in naming the subdivision it wiU not be necessary to readvertise the timber. NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL — TIMBER SALES. 21 The notice of sale of timber for which apphcation has been made should take the following form, with such modifica- Form of advertise- ,• i t, r • _ ment. tions as may be necessary by reason oi varymg re- quirements of the sale: SALE OF TIMBER , , (City.) (State.) (Date.) Sealed bids marked outside, ' ' Bid, timber-sale application, , (Date of application.) , " and addressed to the Forest Supervisor, (Name of Forest.) National Forest, , (or " to the District Forester, Forest Service, (City.) (State.) , , " if class D sale), will be received up to and including the (City.) (State.) day of , , for all the merchantable dead timber standing or (Month.) (Year.) down and all the live timber marked (or designated) for cutting by a Forest officer, located on an area to be definitely designate.d by a Forest officer before cutting begins, including about acres in approximately sec , T , R , M. on the "watershed of River, within the National Forest, estimated to be feet board measure of live saw (Species.) timber, log scale, and cords of cordwood, more or less. No bid of less than $ per thousand feet board measure for saw timber and $ per cord for cordwood will be considered, and a deposit of $ payable to the order of the National Bank of , , must be sent to that bank for (City.) (State.) each bid submitted to the supervisor (or district forester). Timber upon valid claims is exempt from sale. The right to reject any and all bids is reserved. For further infor- mation and regulations governing sales address Forest Supervisor, National Forest, , (or District Forester, , ) . (City.) (State.) (City.) (State.) (Signature of forest supervisor or district forester.) (Title.) In order to make the advertisement legal, the last day for receiving bids must be at least 30 days from the first appearance ^Date for receiving: ^f ^1^^ advertisement, but need not be the date of its final appearance. Care should be taken, therefore, to see that the date up to wliich bids will be received, which the supervisor should insert in the copy to be furnished to the publislier, is the same day in the following month as the date of the first publica- tion. If, however, the first publication appears on January 29, 30, or 31, the final date for receiving bids should be March 1, 2, or 3, as the case may be. If the first publication appears in Februar}'', the final date for receiving bids should be two days later in March than the date of the first publication. If in any case the last day for receiving bids falls on Sunday or a legal holiday, the final date should be the following day. If material mistakes appear, they should be corrected and the date up to which bids will be received changed to the taSe"^°*^°^ ™*^" thirtieth day after the first appearance of the cor- rected advertisement. A full period of 30 days will 22 . NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL^ — TIMBER SALES. thus be allowed for submitting bids. However, the total number of times the notice of sale, whether correct or incorrect, is published should not exceed five. If the notice of sale is to provide for the sale of only a part of the timber advertised, the notice should read, "for all timber advtrteed.*'^ t)r ^nj part of the merchantable dead timber stand- ing or down and aU of the live timber marked (or designated) for cutting, etc." Timber for which there is likely to be a demand and wluch should „ , ^. be promptly cut for silvicultural reasons may be General notice. i -^ i • i i i ±- • i e i • advertised by a general notice m advance or apphca- tion to purchase, upon approval by the officer authorized to sell the amount of timber involved. It is desirable to call the attention of prospective purchasers by such notices to timber which is insect infested, bodies of dead timber which are deteriorating, or timber the removal of wliich will benefit the Forest. The advertisement for a general notice should follow the same form as the apphcation notice, given above, with the following changes: The words "Bid, timber sale application, , (Date of application.) " should be changed to ' ' Bid, timber sale, (Name of Forest.) general notice, , " (Date.) (Name of Forest.) Wlienever a timber sale is to be advertised, the supervisor will issue to the pubhsher of the newspaper or other publica- ^ Authority to pub- ^:^^^ ^^ wliich the advertisement is to appear a Form BF "Authority to publish advertisement," which will be transmitted with the notice of sale and a copy of the advertising rate form. A copy of each Form BF issued will be retained. In fiUing out Form BF, the designation of the case, name of Forest, date, name of paper, place of publication, and date and number of the Secretary's authorization must be inserted in the proper blank Hues. Other data mil be filled in as indicated by the italicized clauses of the following: You are hereby authorized to publish the inclosed advertisement for proposals for the purchase of timber from lands ivithin the National Forest in the weekly edition of your paper /li'e (5) times, as follows: Consecutively, preceding the date up to which bids will be received (thirty (30) days from first publication), provided your charges, etc. The publisher's attention will be directed to the fact that adver- tisements must be set up like the sample wliich appears on the second page of Form BF, since charges for display headings can not be allowed. The matter must be set up solid, without paragraphing, and with the signature and title of the officer signing the advertise- ment "run in." Allien the advertisement has run for the time ordered, tlie pub- lisher of the newspaper wdll fill out the voucher attached to Form BF and transmit it, with an affidavit of publication, to the district fiscal agent. If the publisher's sworn rates are not already on file, these must accompany the account. NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL — TIMBER SALES. 23 In order that large sales may be given all possible publicity, supervisors will, during the period of advertising, ^^dditionai public- p^g^ p^p-gg Qf j,.^^j.j^j y75 where they wiU attract the notice of the general public. BIDS AND AWARDS. Instructions concerning deposits in connection wdth bids are given Deposits under "Payments, deposits, refunds, and transfers," page 27. Envelopes containing bids will be stamped with the date of receipt Handung of bids J^^^ filed, unopcued, by sales under the date of open- ing. At 2 o'clock p. m., on the day following the final date for receiving bids, all the bids submitted will be opened by the supervisor or district forester, as the case may be, in the presence of one or more witnesses. Bidders may be ])resent at the o])ening of the bids if they desire. The original bids should be indorsed witJi the date opened and a list of those present. Bids for lower r;ites than those named in th.e notice of sale can not be considered. If no bids have been received, the a})})licant will be rocpiestod by the super- visor to submit a bid immechately. The sale will be awarded to tlie highest bidder, unless such an j^^g^^^ award will create a monopoly, or unless the higliesb bidder is debarred from the use of the National Forest by his pre^aous acts, or tlie public interest presents some unforeseen objection to the sale. Whenever practicable, timber for w^hich more than one l)id has been received may be allotted among several bidders at the highest price ofiered by any one of them or at such variations in price, in no case less than that stated in the advertisem.ent, as will equalize dif- ferences in the quality or accessibility of the timber on diiferent parts of tlie sale area. If any portion of the timber is awarded to another than the appli- cant, a new timber sale record card vnll be filled out and filed by the supervisor and also by the district forester in class D sales. When tlie contract is returned, executed, the data on the timber Refunds to unsuc- salc rccord cards will be cliecked by the officer a])prov- cessfui bidders. jj^g ^j^g gj^^g r^^^^^\ Jejiosits iiiado by unsuccessful bid- ders refunded in accordance witii the instructions on page 28. CONTRACTS. The contract should not be submitted to the successful bidder for ^^ ^ ,^^ _, execution until assurance is received that the deposit When submitted. • i • ^ i i i i • i i ^ i ^ required with tiie bid has been made. Every reasonable effort will be made by the su])ervisor to secure T,.^™ + +.„ t,he promiit execution of all agreements and bonds. Prompt execution. -^ « » ' ^ ^ , " , i i t It lor any reason t!ie agreement and bond are not executed, the district forester will 1)0 notified and tlie case closed. Form 202 will be used in the preparation of contracts, with the p^jjjjj insertion of such special clauses as particular cases may require. If two or more persons who are not partners purchase timber, the names of all will be given in full at the beginning of the contract and 24 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL^ TIMBER SALES. all will be required to sign. The variation in form and requirements for execution when the sale is made to an individual, a partnership, or a corporation, or is a private sale are outlined on Form 202, Unless the contract pro\ades for the sale of only a part of the timber advertised it will follow the advertisement absolutely in the descrip- tion of the lands and the amount and location of the timber included in the sale. Evidence of authority of the person who executes a contract or bond on behalf of a corporation will be obtained, and thority.'^''* °* ^^' ill every case submitted to the district assistant to the solicitor for approval as to its sufficiency. Such evidence will be filed with the approved original of the contract. As evidence of the authority of the officer signing for any incor- porated company, wliether purchaser or surety, a copy of, or extract from, the articles of incorporation, the by-laws, or resolutions of the board of directors, wliichever it may be that authorizes the officer to execute the papers for the company, will be required. This copy or extract will be certified by the secretary of the company under the corporate seal in substantially the form outlined in Form 319. The resolution indicated on Form 319 will be required in substan- tially the following form : It is resolved by the board of directors of the , that it is for (Name of company.) Form of resolution, the best interest of said company that (Name of president or otlier officer.) the of said company, (President, secretary, etc.) be authorized to execute any and all instruments of any character whatsoever that may be drawn by said company to the United States Government in any and all of its departments now or hereafter and until this resolution is duly revoked, and , of said (Name of ofHcer.) (President, secretary, etc.) , is hereby directed and authorized to execute and deliver (Name of company.) for and in behalf of said company and as its act and deed to the United States Govern- ment and any or all of its departments any and all instruments drawn by said com- pany to said Government or any or all of its departments, and to affix to said instru- ments the corporate name and seal of said corporation. Wlien witnesses are required to the execution of any contract, if possible one will be a Forest officer and the other the witnesses. notary public who takes the acknowledgment of the bond. BONDS. A bond will be required in all sales involving timber above $3,000 . ^ in value, and in sales for smaller amounts when it is When required. • i i i j i • m j • considered necessary by the approving officer to insure com])liance with the contract. The following table is not intended to establish a hard and fast rule in fixing the amount of bonds, but rather is to be used as a guide. NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 25 When, because of special conditions, a Isirger bond Amount of bonds. -^ advisable the amounts given in the table should be increased. Amount of s«le. Amount of bond. SS.OOO-So.OOO 5,000-10,000 10,000-20,000 20,000-30,000 30,000-40,000 40,000-75,000 Above 75,000 $500 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 $6,000-20,000 Sureties on bonds. Form 377 will be used. The bond will follow the contract abso- lutely in its reference to the purchaser, the descrip- ^°'^™' tion of the timber, and the terms of the sale. It is essential that the date of the execution of the contract appear in the bond and that the bond be approved on the same date as the contract. The original only will be executed and will be filed with the original of the contract. Under authority of the acts of August 13, 1894, and March 23, 1910, the Treasury Department issues lists of surety companies authorized to act as surety on bonds to the United States. Only the surety companies on these lists, copies of which will be furnislied to district foresters, may be accepted. While surety companies rather than individuals are preferred, pur- chasers can not be required to furnish corporate surety. The Treas- ury Department determines the responsibility of the surety companies in the lists, but it is extremely important that the responsibility of individual sureties be established and made a matter of record. If the purchaser is a corporation or a copartnership, sureties other than its officers, stockholders, or partners will be secured. The responsibility of individual sureties should be established by the signing of the "certificate of solvency" attached to the bond. Form 377, by a judge or clerk of a State court of record, a judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a United States court, a Umted States attorney or one of liis assistants, a United States commissioner or a postmaster. In accordance with the act of March 2, 1895 (28 Stat., 807), every bond should be examined by the district fiscal agent Periodic examina- ,^^^[ ^j^q district assistant to the solicitor at least once tlon of bonds. n ,i p j^ • • xi every two years ror the purpose ot ascertainmg tne sufficiency of the sureties. Evidence of the authority of a person signing a bond as principal or surety on behalf of a corporation will be securetl in Evidence of au- accordance with the instructions under ''Contracts," page 23, and filed with the origmal. ADVANCE CUTTING. thority. Applications for advance cutting will be discouraged, and will be approved or recommended only to prevent serious ^ou^aS*'*""^ ^'^' hardship or delay or unnecessary expense to the pur- chaser. Forest officers will encourage purchasers to 26 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. siil:)niit applications far enoiigli in advance to make advance cutting unnecessary. Form of appUca- Tlic application for advance cutting will take the *^°'^- following form: APPLICATIOlSr FOR ADVANCE CUTTING. (Case designation.) • (Title of approving officer.) (Address.) Sir: , , of , , herebv (I or we.) (Name of applicant.) (City.) (State.) apply for the privilege of advance cutting to the amotint of (M feet b. III., cords, etc.) under timber-sale application of (my or our.) (Date.) National Forest, If this application is approved (State.) do hereby, in consideration of the granting of said privilege, i^romise (I or we.) and agree to deposit with the National Bank of , (United States depository), to be (City.) (State.) placed to the credit of the United States, in advance of cutting, a sum sufficient, in the judgment of the Forest officer in charge, to cover the estimated value of all such timber as may be cut under this application prior to notice of the award of the sale of the timber included in said timber-sale application; and to submit, in accordance with the directions in the notice of sale, based on said timber-sale application, a bid of not less than the minimum rate (or rates) named in said notice of sale, and further to pay said depository for all the timber cut as aforesaid, at not less than tlie minimum rate (or rates) named in the said notice of sale, or, if a bid higher than thezninimum rate (or rates) is received, at the rate (or rates) of said bid. And further prom- (I or we.) ise and agree to cut and remove said timber in strict accordance with all and singu- lar the rules, regulations, and provisions set forth in said application and such modi- fications thereof as may be made by the approving officer. A deposit of dollars ($ ) has been sent to said depository to cover the estimated value of such timber as may be cut in advance as aforesaid. Signed in duplicate this . . day of , 19. . (Signature of applicant.) Approved at» , under the above conditions, 19. . (Signature of aj^iproving officer.) (Tille.) All requests for advance cutting will be submitted to the Secretary for approval, through the Forester, in accordance with Kegulation S-8. Requests bv wire should state the amount, stumpage rates at which the timber will be advertised, and conditions creating an emergency. Upon approval of the request by the Secretary, the formal application will be approved by the NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 27 Forest officer having jurisdiction in accordance with the foregoing instructions. Wlienever it is probable that other bids besides that of the appH- cant for advance cutting will be submitted, sufficient bidS'°''^°^°^''^^ timber should be advertised as far as possible to satisfy the other bids in the event that they exceed that of the original applicant. Awards of timber should, if practicaljle, be made to both the original applicant and to such other persons who may liave outbid him, at the highest price ofl'ercd by any bidder. The apphcant for advance cutting must, however, be given hrst con- sideration in the award, provided tliat he will contract for all timber cut and to be cut at the highest price bid. ,. The permit for advance cutting does not give the applicant the right to take all the timber which he has apphed for at the amJiI^t.*^**°'' '"^ rate of the highest bid, but merely to take such tim- ber as he cuts before the completion of the advertise- ment. In no ctise will he be allowed to cut timber in excess of the amount covered by his deposit. If the only bid received is from the applicant for advance cutting and it is accepted, the supervisor may allow cutting to continue after the expiration of the advertisement and until the contract is presented for execution if the deposits are sufficient. A bid must be submitted and the contract providing for payment at the highest price bid executed immediately, otherwise cutting wiU be suspended until these requirements are met. PRIVATE SALE. Contracts, including timber which has been advertised but for which no satisfactory bid was received or sales consummated, may be made at any time, through private negotiations, by the officer having authority to sell the amount of timber involved. The price must be not less than the highest price offered if any bid was received, and in no case less tlian the minimum named in the advertisement. The procedure in classes V and D sales will be followed, except as to advertisement. SALE OF MATERIAL SEIZED. In cases of seizure or recaption the seized material may be sold to the highest bidder. Where the value is over SI 00 it should, if practicable, be advertised if this will result in securing a higher price. It is permissible, however, to secure informal bids, provided the full vakie of the material can thus be secured. No sale should be made without specific authority and instructions from the dis- trict forester, acting upon the advice of the assistant to the Solicitor. PAYMENTS, DEPOSITS, REFUNDS, AND TRANSFERS. Forest officers will see that no timber is cut or removed in advance ^^ ^ of payment, and that a sufficient amount is always on aymea s. deposit to iusure against overcutting. In order that operations may not be delayed, purchasers will be notified in ample time when an additional payment is re([uired. Failure to make prompt payment when requested is cause for suspending operations, provided the amount cut equals in value the amount on deposit or may do so before a second payment can be made. Requests for 28 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. postponement of payments can not be considered. In sales of SlOO or less the full amount in one payment will, wherever possible, be required in advance of cutting. In determining the amount of deposits with bids and the size of jjg ^^.^^ payments in all but classes A and B timber sales the following schedule may be used as a guide, but may be increased to meet special conditions, such as a large daily cut: Amount of sale. Amount of deposit. Under §250 S50 $250- 500 100 500- 1,000 200 1,000- 5,000 1200- 500 5,000-10,000 1500-1,000 10,000-20,000 1,000 20,000-30,000 1,500 30,000-40,000 2,000 40,000-50,000 2,500 50,000-00,000 3,000 60,000-70,000 4,000 Above 70,000 25,000 1 In even hundreds. 2 Or more, as required. Money deposited to cover cost of advertisement and to secure ad- vance cutting may be credited toward the amount to accompany bid. Deposits to cover cost of advertising and to accompany bids apply on the first payment if the sale is awarded to the depositor, otherwise they will be refunded. If, how- ever, an examination is made and timber advertised as a result of an application, and the purchaser fails to complete the sale, a sum sufhcient to cover the cost of making the examination and adver- tising the timber may be retained, in the discretion of the officer approving the sale. Refunds to bidders will be made on vouchers prepared by the supervisor in class C sales and the district forester m class D sales. If a purchaser who has deposited money m a timber sale afterwards violates any of the terms of his contract, an amount sufficient to cover damages thereby caused to the United States may be withheld from a refund otherwise due the j)urchaser. Purchasers who have complied with the terms of their contract and have cut all the designated timber from a sale area are entitled to a refund of any balance they may have on deposit. When a contract is canceled by mutual agreement, a refund of the amount not due the United States may be made provided the terms of the contract have been complied with. Generally speaking, all money not due the Government on any transaction will be refunded unless the purchaser has willfully neglected to remove his timber within the time specified or has been negligent in carrying out the terms of the contract. vSales will not be closed by supervisors while a balance is due the purchaser without filing a written explanation of the reasons on which the action is based unless the amount is $1 or less. Refunds of $1 or less will not be made unless the purchaser definitely requests it. In cases in which a purchaser is entitled to a refund the supervisor will prepare a Form A voucher in duplicate. He will see that the amount and date of deposit and the amount and value of the timber cut are correct. When several deposits have been made the date NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 29 and amount of each will be given. The proper case designation will be given, so that the transaction may be identified with certainty. Refunds can be made only to the original de])ositor or his legal representatives, and in the latter case an exemplified copy of letters testamentaiy or of administration must accompany the voucher. The original will be executed by the depositor or his legal represen- tative and the correctness of the amount certified to by the Forest supervisor, who will transmit it to the district forester for approval before payment. When the executed original voucher is forwarded to the district forester by the supervisor, the latter should enter on the record card in the case the amount to he refunded as though the refinid had already been made. No notice will be sent to the supervisor that the refund has been made. In case a voucher is not approved the supervisor will be notified by the district forester and the refund entry should then be stricken off the card. Deposits may be transferred to a payor's credit on another transac- tion of the same class, as from one sale to another. Transfers. without a Written request, but his written consent will be obtained to transfers between transactions of different classes. Deposits may be transferred to the credit of another person only with the written consent of the original dojwsitor. Proper notations will, in each case of transfer, 1)0 made on the card records. The following form, with required modifications, may be used whenever necessary : (Case designation.; (Title of approving officer.) (Address.) Sir: , , of , , purchaser. . of the (I or we) (Name) (Town) (State) timber in the above designated timber sale, National Forest, respect- fully state that have deposited in connection herewith the sum of (I or we) $ ; that have cut thereunder timber of the value of $...... , which (I or we) is all the timber designated for cutting on the area included in said sale, and that all the terms of the contract have been fully complied with , therefore, (I or we) request that the balance of $ , due as an overpayment in said sale, be transferred to credit on timber sale of (my or our) (the) (of) (my or our) (his or their) on said National Forest. (Date) Signed in duplicate this day of 19. . . (Signature) A.pproved at , , , 19 . . . (City.) (State.) (Date.) (Signature of approving officer) (Title) 30 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. Forest users, when asked to make payments, \vill be furnrslied by Forest officers with a form letter of transmittal mntaif" °^ ^^^^^' properly filled out to be sent to the depository with the payment. A duplicate will be forwarded at once to the supervisor. Duplicates will be held in a promise file. When the orif^uial is received from the fiscal agent and the necessary record made, it will be forwarded to the payor, and the duplicate, with proper notation, returned to the ranger. MODIFICATION OF CONTRACT. Verbal modiflca- No Forcst officer has Or will be given authority to tion prohibited. i^odify any agreement verbally. Modification will be made to prevent unnecessary hardship to pur- conditions under cliasers, subjcct to the restrictions stated in Regula- which inociincations tion S-7. For example, when tlie purchaser fails to wiubeauowed. removc the designated amount of timber in the speci- fied time through unavoidable circumstances, the modification of the contract may be considered, if not disadvantageous to the United States. Postponement of Postponement of payments, however, wdll not be payments. allowed When a bond has been given, the consent of the ties?"^^'^* °* ^'^^' sureties must be secured before any modification of contract is approved. The necessary evidence of authority of the person thority."^^ °^ ^^' "^^1^0 signs on behalf of a corporation shall always be obtained. In all cases applications to modify contracts under tlie terms of Regulation S-7, will be submitted by or through the district forester to the district assistant to the solicitor for determination of the legal- ity of such modification before it shall be approved. "The follo\\dng form, varied as required by conditions, will be _ „ ,.„ used for the mociification of contracts in advertised Form for modiflca- . tion of contract. SalCS '. APPLICATION FOR MODIFICATION OP CONTRACT. (Case designation.) (Forest otlicer who will approve modification.) (Address.) Sir: of , (I or wo.) (Name of applicant.) State of , purchaser of timber in the above-designated case, National Forest, respectfully request that clause of the agreement signed in duplicate by , on the day of , 19. . , and approved by tlie (me or us.) on the day of , 19 . . , be (Title of approving ofFicer.) modified to read as follows: NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 31 If this application is approved do hereby agree to cut and remove (I or we.) said timber in strict accordance with all and singular the terms and provisions of the aforesaid contract, except as herein modified. ' further agree that if this application is approved a certain bond exe- (I or we.) cuted by as principal and (me or us.) and as suret . . at on the day of , 19 . . , and approved bjr the on the (Title of approving officer.) day of , 19. ., which was given to the United States of America to insure faithful compliance with the terms of the aforesaid contract, shall bind (me or U.S.) and said suret. . , and and heirs, executors, administrators, (my or our.) (its or their. ) successors, and assigns in the same manner as if said modifications had been included in the original contract, to insm'e compliance with wliich said bond was given. Signed in dui^licate this day of , 19 . . . (Signature of purchaser.) Witnesses: Approved at , under the above conditions , 19. . . (Signature of approving officer.) (Title.) ^ Omit when bond has not been given. The following form will be used for the consent of sureties to the modification of agreement : Form, consent of " sureties. CONSENT OF SURETIES. (Case designation.) Know all men by these presents, That whereas we , (Name of surety must be same as in bond.) of , , and , of (City.) (State.) , , are sureties on a certain bond in the sum of dollars (City.) (State.) ($ ), dated at , , on , , 19.., and given to the United States of America by , of (Name of purchaser.) , a corporation organized and existing under (Address of purchaser.) the laws of the State of and having an office and principal place of business in , , to insure faithful compliance with the terms of that cer- tain timber sale contract signed in duplicate by (Name of purchaser.) 5276°— 11 3 32 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBEK SALES. on the day of , 19 . . , and approved by (Title of officer. ) on the day of , 19 . . ; and Whereas the said has by an instru- (Name of purchaser.) ment in writing dated the day of , 19.., made application to the to have that part of said contract reading (Title of officer who will approve modification.) modified to read " ," and has promised and agreed if said application is approved to cut and remove said timber in strict accordance with all and singular the terms and provisions of the afore- said contract as modified by the conditions set forth in said application: Now, therefore, we, the said and , sureties as aforesaid, do hereby join in said application, and agree if the same is approved our bond shall bind us, our heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, and each and every one of us and them, jointly and severally, in the same manner as if said modification had been included in the contract to insiu-e compliance with which our bond was given. Dated at , , this day of , 19. . . (Same date as execution of application.) (Surety.) (Surety.)' State of 1 >ss: CountyJ On this day of , 19 . . , before me, , (Name of notary.) a notary public in and for , , residing therein, duly sworn and acting under a commission expiring , 19. . , personally appeared , known to me to be (Name of sureties.) the of the , the corporation (Title.) (Name of surety company.) that executed the above msfrument, and known to me to be the person who executed the above instrument?>i behalf of said corporation, and acknowledged to me that he said corporation executed the above instrument voluntarily for the uses and pur- poses therein specified (Notary public.) (Notarial seal.) Approved at , , , 19 . . (City.) (State.) (Date.) (Signature of approving officer.) (Title.) N. B. — The italicized words in the form of consent of sureties will be stricken out when executed by iiidividuals and not by corporations. Extension of time will not be granted for speculative purposes. fti When an extension of time is favorably considered, the officer in charge should decide whether the present f)rice is sufficient, whether the contract can be improved with particu- ar reference to the present condition of the sale area, and if the method of marking, scaling, utilization, or sale administration can NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 33 be strengthened and improved by any modification in the agreement. Extensions of time without change in the other conditions of the con- tract will be granted only in cases where the interests of the United States will not be prejudiced thereby and then only when causes over wliich the purchaser has no control have unavoidably delayed his operations. All extensions of time which bring the total cutting years" ^^"^'"^ ^'° period allowed by the contract in excess of five years must be specifically apjiroved by the Secretary. When an extension of time is refused, any timber which may have been ])aid for and cut but not scaled at the date disposai'of timber.^ whcii the coiitract cxpircs, may, in the absence of good reasons for retention, be scaled and its removal by the purchaser permitted. Whenever an extension of time is desired in an advertised sale an ap])lication should be made in accordance with the form for modification of contract, inserting after the words, "to read as follows," Clause 12 of the contract, Form 202, with the changes proposed. If the modification is proposed at an increase in price, the following should be added as part of the sen- tence following the modified clauses, "and further, to pay for all timber not cut during the time specified in said agreement at the rate of $ per in advance payments as set (M feet B. M. etc.) forth in said agreement." Consent of sureties will be obtained in the form given on page 31. Postponement o f . When postponement of brush piling is advisable and brush piling. is iiot provided f or in the contract, the following change Form for ap plica- may be made in the form for modification of *'*"^' contract, after the name of the National Forest, line 3 : respectfully state that the snow is now too deep on the cutting area to permit of proper brush disposal, and therefore request that in accordance with paragraph (I or we.) of said contract we be permitted to proceed with the cutting and removal of the timber and to postpone brush disposal until such time as in the opinion of the Forest supervisor proper disposal of the brush can be made in accordance with the terms of the said contract. agree, if this application is approved, that will, as soon as (I or we.) (I or we.) the condition of the snow makes it possible and not later than , at the request of the Forest officer in charge of the work, put on a sufficient force of men to dispose of all brush caused by the operations subsequent to the granting of this appli- cation, and also all other brush which is not properly disposed of at the date of this application, in a manner satisfactory to the Forest officer in charge of this work, and to use every precaution against fire being started in such brush and debris as is not properly disposed of on account of the granting of this application and to pay for any damage that may result through the approval of this aj^plication. If a bond is required at the time of postponement, the amount will be at least twice the estimated cost of brush piling, and will be prepared on Form 377. Consent of sure- The coiisent of suretics win refer to the application ^■'^^- as follows: \\Tiereas, the said have, by an instrument in (Name of purchasers.) writing of even date, applied for a modification of the aforesaid contract so that they 34 NATIONAL, FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. may proceed with the cutting and removal of the timber without {)iling the brush until such time, not later than , as said Forest officers shall decide that the brush can be properly piled, and have agreed if said application is allowed that they will, as soon as the snow is gone, at the request of the Forest officer in charge, put on a sufficient force of men to dispose of all brush caused by the operations subsequent to the granting of said application, and also other brush of which disposal has not been made at the date of said application, in a manner satisfactory to the Forest officer in charge, and to use every precaution against fire being started in the brush and debris not piled on account of the granting of said application, and to pay for any damage that may be caused by the granting of said modification of the contract. In unadvertised sales modifications will be granted only in writing, by letter, or by approval of an application in accord- cafions^*' °^ ™°^'' ance with the foregoing forms if their use is deemed advisable. In advertised sales modifications \\dll be granted only by approval of a formal application. Modifications will be approved by the officer having authority to make the class of sale the contract for which is to be modified, after the district assistant to the solicitor has advised that such modifica- tion is lawful. The application and consent of sureties should be approved on the same day. In unadvertised sales modifications will be prepared with two carbons, the original forwarded to the purchaser and the carbons filed with the supervisor and ranger. In advertised sales modifications will be prepared m quadruplicate and executed and approved in duplicate. A fifth copy will be prepared for the Forester's files in sales where the modification is approved by hmi. The original will be retamed in the district forester's files in class D sales and in the supervisor's files in class C sales. The dupli- cate is for the purchaser, the third co])y for the supervisor or district forester, as the case may be, and the foiu-th for the officer m charge of the sale. Dates and signatures should be filled in on all retained copies. Consent of sureties will be prepared in duplicate but only the oris " nal executed. The original will be filed with the original of the appl cation. The duplicate will be filed in the supervisor's office in class D sales and the district forester's office m class C sales. CANCELLATION OF CONTRACTS. If the cancellation is by mutual agreement, an application executed by the purchaser and approved by the Forest officer approving the sale will be required except in unadvertised sales in which notification signed by the approving officer is sufficient. Form for adver- The following fomi with uccessary modifications tised sales. -yy^} ]jq ^g^d ui advertised sales: (Case designation.) (Title of approving officer.) (Address.) Sir: , of , (I or we.) (City.) , purchaser. . of the timber in the above designated case bv a contract (Stale.) signed in duplicate by on the day of , ^^- ■, i^d approved (Me or us.) NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 35 by on (Name.) (Title.) the .... day of ,]■'--, respectfully state that have deposited in (I or we.) connection therewith the sum of S ; that have cut thereunder (I or we.) timber (of the value of $ ; that all the terms of said contract have been fully complied with) and that on account of the following circumstances (I or we.) do not care to complete the sale: therefore request that the said contract be canceled, that be (I or we.) (I or we.) relieved from all further liability thereunder, and that the sum of dollars ($ ) remaining; to credit be (refunded) (transferred to the credit (My or our.) of on timber sale of 19. .)• Signed in duplicate this. . . . day of 19. . . Approved at , , , , 19 . (City.) (State.) (Date.) (Signature of approving officer.) (Title.) The last part of the final sentence is necessary only when a balance is to be refunded or transferred. If the cancellation is enforced, the action, which will be justified only on account of serious violation of the terms of ^^Enforced canceua- the Contract, will, exccpt in Forester's sales, be taken only by the superior of the officer approving the con- tract and after the district assistant to the solicitor advises that such action is legal and after the purchaser has in writing been given a reasonable time to show cause why the contract should not be canceled. Formal notification of enforced cancellation will be sent in all cases, and, if by the district forester, will be sent through the supervisor with a duplicate copy for the supervisor's fdes. Contracts will be canceled only after the condition and location of the cuttings, the amount of timber left uncut and before^canceiiafion° ^^^^ possibility of a ready sale at prices not less than those of the existing contract, have been reported on with specific recommendations. If enforced cancellation is consid- ered, the report will in addition cover thoroughly the violation of the contract. SPECIAL USES CONNECTED WITH SALES. When special uses for sawmills, logging railroads, flumes, camps, etc., are to be used only in connection with a sale, provision for them may be included in the timber sale contract. 36 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL^ TIMBER SALES. PERIOD FOR REMOVAL. The period allowed for cutting and removal will be governed by the amount of timber involved in the sale, the capacity of Time limits. ^^^q niill, the practicable logging season, and the rate at wliich the timber cut can be disposed of in the available market. The period in class C sales should ordinarily not exceed three years. The approval of the Secretary must be secured in all cases where the period allowed by the contract exceeds five years. In cases in which the contract requires the removal of a definite amount of timber each year, it may be advisable, because of pre- liminary work to be done by the purchaser, to make the amount for the first year much smaller than for the following years. The word "removed," as relating to timber sale contracts and to the closing of timber cases, will be construed to "Removed" de- mean that the timber is in such location that its further removal will neither interfere with the ad- ministration of the Forest nor rec{uire the attention of a Forest officer, nor interfere with any forest growth, nor be a fire menace, v/hether on or off the cutting area. When possible, the point of removal will be to roads or other places where the material is immediately avail- able for distribution to consumers. With saw timber, removal to the mill can usually be required. EXAMINATION OF TIMBER APPLIED FOR AND PREPARATION OF THE APPLICATION. Upon receipt of an informal application for timber it nu^uuT.^^™'*™ ^^' ^^il^ ^^^'^^ ^^ determined if the sale can be made without exceeiling the annual cut approved by the Secretary. If this is possible, the working plan, if one has been prepared for the area, will be checked to determine if a sale can be made workii^°pians. ^'*^ ^^^ accordance with its ])rovisions. If decided in the affirmative, an examination of the timber will then be made to determine definitely tlie boundaries of the sale area, the pro- visions, including stumpage rates, which should be incorporated in the contract, and the best method for cutting unless it is already outlined. If necessary or advisable the estimates will be checked, but the fullest possible use should be made of reconnaissance maps and estimates. If the sale can and should be made contrary to the provisions of the working plan, the approval by the district forester or the plan of the modification will be secured in all important sales. Approved changes will at once be incorporated in the working plan. Ordinarily it should be possible to determine from the preliminary plan if a sale can be made from the locality applied preun^na?y*pians.* ^ ^OT, or if an attempt should be made to locate a sale area elsewhere. Changes suggested by applicants will be carefully considered, but can not be made when contrary to the best management of the Forest. If the preliminary plan does not show clearly the advisability of making the sale, an additional field examination must be made. In any case unless full information is already at hand or from con- clusive information available it is certain that the timber should not be sold, a detailed examination of the timber applied for will be made. NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 37 The problem of securing a future stand after cutting is the most „^ , , ^ _, important to be considered. Before any sale is The future stand. ^ , ■ . iir-'j t ,• -ni approved, clear-cut and dermite directions will be prepared by the proper olhcer instructing the men in charge of the sale on marking the timber so that reproduction of the more desirable species will be secured. Each district should study the local species carefully so that the best silvicultural treatment of each type will be thoroughly understood. The results of these stucUes should be in the hands of all officers on National Forests. Before making any timber sale the possible damage to reproduction in cutting will be carefully considered. If the reproduction is being or will be damaged by stock it may be advisable to recommend restriction of grazing for a stock.***'"*"^ from time after cuttiiig lias been Completed. In every case the supervisor will consider the possibility of arrang- ing grazing allotments or periods so as to secure necessary protection for young growth without materially reducing the total number of stock grazed upon the Forest. If this is impossible, he should recom- mend necessary reductions. Grazing off the grass crop is a protection against fu^e which may offset damage from tramping. Where the exclusion of stock from any locality will work a hardship on permittees it should not be recommended without carefully weighing all of the interests involved. Before cutting commences the best method should be determined, thod of uttin Whether a clear cutting, selection, or group system or ng. j^^gj,gj^, ^ liglit thinning is best can only be determined after careful study on the ground. Except in clear cutting, an approximate diameter limit or a state- ment of the percentage of the timber to be left is diameter umit"^*^ usually advisablc to givc the purchaser a rough idea of the amount of timber which will be removed. If diameter limits are named, it should be understood that the stated limits may be varied as shown by the contract, in accordance with the silvical requirements of the stand, and that as a rule at least one- third of the volume of the original stand will be retained. Different limits will usually be adopted for different species in the same sale. The limit on desirable species should be high, in order to reserve from cutting a large percentage of young and healthy middle-aged trees for seed purposes and to provide for a second cutting within a reasonable time. For undesirable species, unless their percentage in the stand can be reduced in some other way, the limit will usually be low enough to remove all merchantable trees when not needed for protection of the soil or, in the absence of more desirable species, for seeding purposes. Since it is usually undesirable to allow a purchaser to remove only . ^ ^ ^ the best species, contracts will ordinarily provide for All species to be cut. ,, v ^ • c ii i j i i • the cutting ol ail merchantable species. The method of logging and the seasons during which it will be thod carried on will be ascertained and their effect upon ogg ng me o s. ^^^^ Forcst Considered. If there is danger of serious damage to the reproduction or of erosion, the examining officer will recommend measures to prevent it. Merchantable dead timber will be included in all sales. All dead timber will be disposed of as soon as possible, except in rare cases, where it constitutes the only available supply. 88 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. No sale will be so large as to endanger the future local supply. If data are not available the future needs of the needr'*°° ^°' ^""''^ locality should be investigated. The hmited supply on some Forests will prevent sales except for local use, but every effort will be made to satisfy legitimate demands. Sales for large amounts will be made when necessary to encourage new purchasers, to establish new industries, to main- tain established local industries, or to aid in local development. The size of a sale will in the main be determined by the cost of the improvements required to market the timber, with a view to restricting the necessary investment for such purposes per unit of material to be handled to a reasonable amount. A sale may be apportioned at the highest price bid among different bidders, if desirable and practicable, to prevent Monopoly. '■• i i f monopoly. Classes A and B sales will usually be made by amount. Class C sales mav include all the merchantable timber on a The cutting area. . - i-i iii- ,11 -,1 given area, wluch must be designated by unmistaka- ble natural boundaries or by blazed lines. In either case, all small, isolated, and reasonably accessible bodies of timber, which if left would not be salable, wdll be included. Except where the cutting area is bounded by patented lands or valid claims, it is usually very unde- sirable to define the boundaries by legal subdivisions. If the application includes all the timber on a watershed or slope the cutting area can be bounded by topographic features, such as ridges and streams. If only a part of the timber on a slope or water- shed is wanted, the cutting area should not be limited to the most desirable. It is often better to cut one slope of a valley instead of the most accessible timber on both. Wlien successiA^e sales are made from the same watershed or locality the cutting areas will either be contiguous or so arranged that the timber left may be sold A\dthout difficulty. In determining the cutting area for any large sale, small areas which will probably be needed to supply local demands must be excluded and the lines plainly designated. Timber included in a sale upon which mineral locations have been made after the execution of the timber-sale contract loJawons. ""^ "^"^""^ will be cut as Government timber. If the location was made after the application was received and before the contract was executed, and was evidently made to interfere with the timber sale, cutting must be suspended, but a report on the claim will be forwarded immediately to the district forester, who will at once report the matter to the chief of field division, with a request for speedy action to determine the validity of the claim. It was decided by the United States circuit court for the district Insect-Infested ^^ South Dakota, in Lewis v. Garlock (168 Fed., 153). timber on mining that the United Statcs may sell insect-infested timber '^^^'^^- from a mining claim that has not passed to patent when the timber is a menace to that on adjoining National Forest land. Accordingly Forest officers may dispose of insect-infested timber from unperfected mining claims when such timber is an actual menace to the Forest. The following policy should govern payments for timber cut from claims : NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 39 Whether the claim is apparently held in good faith or not, if timber is cut and removed payment will be made to the bercut'fr'J)VcUims!' Government in all cases except where the timber is removed in good faith for the purpose of clearing the land for cultivation or for development, or wdiere at the time of cutting the timber is actually needed by the claimant for use in making improvements on the land embraced in his entry or location. If any such claimant should need timber for the purposes above specified and should be unable to obtain it on his claim, he will be allowed to take timber under free use permit from other lands of the United States for these purposes up to the amount cut from the claim for which the United States has received payment. Where the boundaries of a mining location are not specifically marked and there are practically no evidences of its loca^ns^^*^ mining: existence, a sale of the timber on the area may be consummated notwithstanding subsequent protest of any party alleging the location of a mineral claim covering such area prior to the sale. The department will not attempt, without the consent of the claimant, to sell or cut timber from unperfected, ciaLnsf ^ ^ ^ ^ *^ * * '^ subsisting claims within a National Forest except in emergencies arising from insect infestations. Particular care wdll be taken not to sell or cut the timber from lands which after surve}'^ will be school or railroad road'sectiollfs^ ^^"' lands, and from unclassified railroad sections within the primary limits of the grant. No timber will be sold at prices lower than the minimum or higher than the maximum fixed annually by the Secretary Btumpage prices. £^^ ^|^^ specics, grade, and location, without first obtaining the Secretary's approval. Appraisals higher than the maximum rates or lower than the minimum rates will be submitted to the Secretary for approval in accordance with the following instructions : In all sales the stumpage jn-ices will be based not upon local prices but upon the actual value of the timber. Timber on a gentle slope and within a mile of a drivable stream may be worth more than twice as much as equally good but less accessible timber. The Forest Service will not compete in price with timber from claims or land grants. The actual value will be determined by deducting from the value of the product the cost of logging and manufacture and a percentage of profit ranging from 10 to 30 per cent on the investment required in each 1,000 feet b. m. or other unit of quantity which is handled. The exact percentage will depend upon the size of the operation, the stability of market conditions, and the risk of loss involved. The data necessary to determine the actual value of the timber will be carefully obtained in each case by the Forest officer making the examination. The value of the manufactured product will be reported, together with the prices of competing timber and the esti- mated profit to the purchaser at the stumpage price recommended. The cost of brush disposal, protection of young growth, close utiliza- tion, and logging only marked timber must be considered before deciding on the value of stumpage. 40 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES, Stumpage rates will not be reduced, for any purchaser on the ground that his methods of manufacture are imperfect and utilization incomplete. In recommending prices for sales to mining, power, or other enterprises for their own use, the cost of securing material from the nearest source outside the National Forest must be fully reported. Stumpage in regions vrhere timber from outside sources can not enter into competition will be appraised on a reasonable basis, in accordance with rates received on other portions of the Forest, not at monopoly prices. Merchantable dead timber has approximately the same market value as green timber and the stumpage rates will ordinarily be the same. In many cases it will be possible to simplify the scaling and administration of the sale by recommending an average price for all species, and for both living and dead timber. Timber of saw-log quality which will become accessible for that purpose within a reasonable time will not ordinardy be sold as cord- wood or for other uses at less than saw-timber rales. No apphcation will be approved b}" any officer unless the report of the examiner shows definitely that the fuU market value of the timber will be received. Recommendations for the period to be allowed for the cutting and removal oi the timber will be made. The facU- cu^tSg^ ^'^"''^'^ ^°^ i^ies of the purchaser for completing logging within the time specified must be considered. A careful study of market conditions should be made and neces- sary provisions for complete utilization included in tJtuization. ^^^ application. The mdividual tree must be utilized as closely as good business and fairness to the Government and the purchaser justify. 1 he Service will insist on as complete use as pos- sible even if the same financial returns might be obtained for less material. Purchasers will be assisted in every possible way to find markets for material not commonly used. The basis for distinguish- ing between merchantable and unmerchantable timber as well as for distinguishing between material to be put to different uses and sold at different stumpagie rates will be determined. If it is found that purchasers can use logs of odd lengths a suitable provision will be included in the application. Tables and scale sticks for logs of odd lengths will be furnished upon request. If it will be necessary to constmct logging camps or other build- ings, telephone lines, flumes, or roads, their proposed prov^ents^°* ™' location and disposition when logging is completed will be determined. The value of these improvements to the Forest Service will be considered, for example, the use of budd- ings for administrative purposes. If the improvements are not bought or retained b}' the Forest Seiwice in pursuance of the contract, the pur- chaser will be allowed a definite period after completion of the logging for their removal. If they are not removed within tliis period they become the property of the United States. A careful study A\'ill be made of the precautions necessary to pre- vent fire. The clauses wliich will be included in the a^tost'fi^e" * ' ° ^ ^ application in sales where special apparatus such as donkey engiaes are to be used will be determined. It will also be ascertained how many employees will be available for fire fighting. NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 41 The (lata c.btained in the examination will be forwarded to the Field d-ta sub- ^iipsrvisor in the form of a map, estimate, and I'eport. mitted as map, esti- In all advertised sales recommentlations for markini? mate, and report. yiuiq^ accom})any the I'eport where departures from the general marking rules are necessary. Every report upon timber recommended for advertisement must contain at least one map. This must show not only *^^^' the proposed sale area, but also its location with reference to the surrounding Forest, topographic features, such as ridges, streams, and roads, proposed roads, camps, and mill sites, lantis under patent or claim, and surveyed lines, if any. The map must include enough of the surrounding Forest to show that the timber aj^plied for may be removed without rendermg the surrounding timber inaccessible and unsalable. Burns, barren or open land, forest types, and the limits of merchantable timber on slopes will be shown so far as they affect the desirability of allowing the sale. Within the area a])j)lied for tlie forest type will be shown and the tojiography will be indicated in sufficient detail to demonstrate the ease or difficulty of logging the timber, and to show the natural boundaries of compartments or logging areas. In small sales one map will show all tliese data, so that maps for blocks are unnecessary the blocks being indicated by dotted lines; this map will be drawn to a scale of not less than 4 inches to the mile, and the forest atlas colors and symbols, as far as practicable, will be used. Large tracts require location maps on a small scale, sho'wdng only the outline of the proposed cutting, the section lines or other location points, private lands, if any, and dotted lines to rej)resent the accom- panying block maps on a large scale. The latter may then be numerous and large enough to show necessary detail. The proposed cutting area, as recommended by the examining officer and covered by his estimate and description, whether or not he agrees with the applicant, must always be clearly defined on the map; so must every part for which there is a separate estimate, description, or important recommendation. When reconnaissance maps are available, the preparation of other maps in the field will usually be unnecessary. The timber upon the definite cutting area recommended and shown on the map will always be estimated. If uncertain ™^ ^' conditions of sale or diirerences between the Forest officer and the applicant make it likely that the area recommended may be extended or reduced, estimates for both the larger and tlie smaller area are required; otherwise the cutting area will be lixed and estimated without reference to otlier lands. Where applications for adjoining timber are expected, and where the whole body could be most economically examined at one time, the work of estimating may include a large area so that subsequent sales can be made without further estimating. In such cases the estimate of the cutting area covered by the present ajoplication must be kept separate and an estimate and report sul)mitted for each additional area which com- prises a natural logging operation. The sanu^ metliods will be fol- lowed in estimating large bodies of timber which are to be sokl. Whenever the Forest on different areas re(iuires dilTerent treatment or diiTerent stumpage prices, the details of the estimates and report should clearly show such dill'erences. 42 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. When there is more than one forest type within the area ex- amined, separate estimates for each type should be By separate types. , ' ^ ' made. The Forest officer will submit an estimate of the merchantable tim- ber which will be left after logging under the plan of cutting proposed. This estimate will include seed trees, young timber which it is inadvisable to cut, and timber of sizes or species not desired by the applicant and which can properly be left. It is essential that the estimate include the percentages, of the different grades of logs or of the different grades of lum- Grades of material. ■, i • i -n i, j. • i j.i i. j.i ^ j. i ber which will be cut m order that the market value of the product and stumpage value of the timber may be determined. The work of estimating will be done as carefully as conditions will allow. Only in the largest sales may less than 5 per ^' cent of the total area be actually estimated, and whenever possible a much larger percentage will be taken. Estimates will be conservative, but overcuts should not ordinarily exceed 10 per cent of the estimate. The Forest description, which will follow the outline on Form 578a, will be in sullicient detail to show clearly all features Forest description. p ,■, i i t^^-i • ^ -it of the proposed sale. Data on logging and milling costs must be complete in order that proper stumpage prices may be determined. When common names for trees are used the nomenclature in Bulletin 17, Check List of the Forest Trees of the Nomenclature. United States, except as modified in Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope, will be used. Where possible. Forest officers will explain to applicants on the ■p.r,io„o-i^„ o„^ ground, and preferably before the formal application Explanation and P . 'i i, \, v' . c ±^ i j- i demonstration t o is Signed, all the requirements or the regulations and applicants. ^|_^^ special conditioiis which will be recommended in the sale under consideration. The Forest officer who prepares the application will be held responsible for the applicant's clear under- standing of its conditions. The purchaser, however, should not be assured that his application will be approved or that the contract will contain certain provisions, except by the approving officer him- self. The reliability of an applicant and his reputation in the community T».i»K,ii + „ ^r.^ will be ascertained. If he has previously made use of Reliability and . i • ji i ?• i • -n financial standing of National Forcst resourccs, his methods or busmess will applicants. be reported. It will be possible in many cases to get information regarding the financial standing of applicants from the Credit Rating Book of the National Lumber Manufacturers' Credit Corporation, a copy of which is furnished to each district office. The application will follow, as nearly as possible, the form of the Application to foi- ^"'^^ coutract ill Order that the purchaser ma,y fully low terms of con- understand from the first the exact conditions of *"*"*• the sale. Formal application, when required, must be made in every instance Sales to actual by the persou who proposes to purchase the timber. purchasers only. Applications will not be received from a person acting for an undisclosed princi])al. Advertised sales w^ill not be made to an officer of a corporation in his capacity as an individual when NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 43 the timber is intentled for the use of the corporation antl not his individual use. The preceding discussion and the need of any of the following special clauses for special clausc^s will be carefullj considered in the appucationsandcon- preparation of tliG application. Necessary modifica- tions will be made in the clauses given which supple- ment tliose prmted on Form 202 : (1) Both marked and dead trees which are considered a fire menace by the Forest officer in charge will be felled, but only such portions of them as are nierchantable under the terms of this contract will be logged and paid for; this does not include trees or stubs too short or small to be merchantable under the contract. (2) We agi-ee, when called upon by the Forest officer in charge, to furnish a number of men, sufficient in the judgment of the Forest supervisor, up to the number of our entire logging crew, to burn the brush and debris resulting from the cutting, under the supervision of the Forest officer. (3) A fire line having a width of not less than feet shall be cleared by the purchaser of all inflammable material, except stumps, whenever required by the Forest officer, along the boundaries of the cutting area and around groups of seed trees; such fire lines shall be constructed in a manner that will be satisfactory to the Forest officer. (4) All engines and locomotives not burning oil for fuel used in logging on the National Forest shall be equipped with spark arresters that are satisfactory to the Forest officer in charge. (5) The purchaser will burn the slash at such times and under such conditions as the Forest officer in charge may prescribe. [To be inserted in sales where it is safe and practicable for the purchaser to burn slashings, particularlj^ where the season permits burning slash as it is cut.] (6) All donkey or other steam-power engines not burning oil for fuel shall be equipped with a spark arrester satisfactory to the Forest officer, a steam pump, 200 feet of serviceable 1-inch hose, 6 buckets, and a constant supply of the equivalent of 6 barrels of water; all such equipment to be suitable and available for fire-fighting purposes. (7) The maximum scaling length of all logs will be 16 feet; greater lengths will be scaled as two or more logs. Upon all logs 3 inches additional length will be allowed for trimming; logs oveiTunning the specified length will be scaled as 2 feet longer. [Insert in all sales including saw timber, except where other specific terms are agreed upon. A greater overrun may be allowed when necessary in sales of large timber.] (8) Scaling will be done as often as practicable in the judgment of the Forest officer while cutting is in progi'ess, and copies or abstracts of the scale reports will be fur- nished to the purchaser after they have been approved by the supervisor. (9) All cordwood material will be piled in compact even stacks for measurement, as directed by the Forest officer. (10) No timber fit for saw, mining, or tie timber or posts, in the judgment of the Forest officer, will be cut into cordwood. (11) All hewn ties whose widest diameter inside the bark at the small end exceeds inches and all with visible defect will be scaled as saw logs. The scaling diameter will be the widest measurement at the small end of the tie. Small hewn ties which are sound will be counted as to the M feet b. m. (12) All marked or dead trees which contain one or more merchantable loirs shall be cut. All logs that will saw out per cent of merchantable lumber shall be considered merchantable under the terms of this contract. (The per cent depending upon character of material and local market conditions. See discussion under "Mer- chantable material" (p. 52).) (13) Tops will be used for mining timbers, cross-ties, posts and cordwood whenever possible. (14) If necessary, in the judgment of the Forest officer, exceptions in the height to which stumps are to be cut may be made in the case of swell butted, fire scarred, or otherwise defective trees; the stumps, however, will be cut low enough to include their whole merchantable contents. (15) Logs shall be decked or piled for scaling at places agreed upon with the Forest officer, with ends even on one side of the skidway or pile, and the length shall be marked on the small or scaling end of each log by the purchaser. Logs of different s]3ecies or value shall, if required by the Forest officer, be decked or piled in separate piles. 44 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. (16) Green timber which will cut a log not less than inches in diameter at the top and not less than .... feet long, and for diameters over .... inches containing not less than .... per cent of merchantable lumber of any grade, and for smaller diameters not less than per cent of merchantable lumber of any grade will be considered merchantable. Dead timber which will cut a log not less than .... inches in diameter at the top and not less than per cent of merchantable lumber of any grade will be considered merchantable. [The diameters and per cents dej^ending upon char- acter of material and local market conditions.] (17) If material suitable for saw timber in the judgment of the Forest officer is cut into cordwood, it shall be scaled and paid for at the same rate as if used for saw timber. [To be inserted in sales which include both cordwood and saw timber.] (18) Unmerchantable timber may be used free of charge for construction purposes in connection with the sale. (19) If donkey engines are used, the rigging shall be slung as far as practicable upon stumps, or marked trees, and when possible the grab hook shall be used in all cases rather than the wire choker. (20) Camps, chutes, and other improvements will be removed from the sale area within six months from the termination of the contract, and if not so removed will become the property of the United States. (21) Camps, flumes, roads, dams, bridges, chutes, and other improvements required in logging will be located as agreed with the Forest officer, and in accordance with such conditions as he may prescribe. (22) This contract is intended to provide for logging in the woods by means of Any other method of logging may be (Indicate whether by horses, donkey engines, etc.) employed only with the consent of the Forest officer approving this contract and under such conditions and restrictions as may be agreed upon with him. [To be inserted especially where there is a probability of substituting steam logging for other methods.] (23) Cutting will begin at a point designated by the Forest officer, and will be con- fined to the least possible area which will yield the amount specified in this agree- ment. [To be inserted in all sales for a definite amount instead of for all merchantable timber on a given area.] (24) All camp buildings and structures on the National Forest shall be located in a manner satisfactory to the Forest officers at a sufficient distance from any stream to prevent pollution of any city water supply. (25) Not to exceed per cent of the merchantable timber [separate percentages to be designated for each species if advisable] will be reserved in marking. [Desirable in the larger sales to indicate definitely to the purchaser the proportion of the stand which he will be permitted to log.] Special clauses, based on the recommendations of the Bureau of Entomoloijy, will be inserted in contracts for the sale infes^tedtimbe?^^'^*" o^ inscct-infcsted timber. These clauses must be specific in requiring that trees be cut, j^eeled, or sawed and brush dis]:)osed of, as the nature of the infestation requires, at the time required by Forest officers and by specified dates of each year. ADMINISTRATION OF SALES— GENERAL. The chief objects of timber-sale administration are to obtain the best forest conditions ]')ossible and complete utilization, with a mini- mum cost to the Service and prompt attention to the purchaser's needs. Actual ]:)articipation where possible and at least frequent per- sonal supervision by supervisors, deputy supervisors, and Forest assistants of all woods work is essential, as is also close su]:)ervision by the officer in charge in order that the purchaser may know from the first exactly what will be required of him and that his expenses may not be increased by delayed changes in method. Small sales are as important from a silvicultural standpoint as larger ones, consequently the methods used in each ma saes. class whicli affcct forcst conditions must be given equal considers, tion. Small sales are more exj^ensive proportionately NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 45 to handle than larger ones, and constant endeavor looking toward reducing costs is necessaiy. Scaling or measurement and woods work will not be conducted oftener than is essential to prevent unnecessary hardship to the purchaser and to insure compliance with the contract. Purchasers may justly be required to have cut for measurement or scaling amounts of tmiber wich will make the visit of the Forest officer worth while, and may be expected to so arrange their business that more frequent visits wall be unnecessary. The proper arrange- ment of dates for marking and scaling will result in great economy. Forest officers should never lose an opportunity to reduce the cost or increase the efficiency of administering large sales Large sales. ^^ .^ ^^^.^^^ ^_^^^ defeat the objects desired. The more sim- ple and definite the methods adopted, the less chance there is for poor work by Forest officers or misunderstandings by purchasers. The location of each year's cut must be carefully determined and, so far as possible, must cover average conditions for the whole sale. Since the proper administration of large sales depends largely upon the men placed m charge, suj^ervisors will use the greatest care in their selec- tion. Important work of this character will not be left to inexpe- rienced men. Forest officers in charge of sales will see that the conditions of the contract are complied with, and should such condi- cont^c"*'''^^ ^'*^ tions seem unjust or unreasonable, will take the proper steps to secure such necessary modiiications as are authorized under regulation S-7. No Foiest officer has been or \nll be authorized to allow the violation of a contract. A Forest officer can not pi'oj^erly handle a sale unless he has a copy of the contract and is familiar with its terms. Questions concerning logging methods, compliance with the con- tract, etc., will be taken up with the purchaser or his superintendent rather than with subordinate em- ployees. Cutting may not begin m any sale until the contract has been exe- cuted or an advance cutting agreement has been beYin*'' *'"*"°^ ™^^ executed and approved, the timber designated, the necessary deposits made and the Forest officer in charge furnished with a copy of the contract. In unadvertised sales it must also be definitely known that the contract is or will be ap- proved. In advertised sales, if other requirements are satisfied, cut- ting may follow the execution and need not await formal approval of the contract. MARKING. Wlien the sale of any green timber is assured, the supervisor will see that all trees which are to be cut are marked or oth- erwise unmistakably designated for cutting. Where only dead timber is purchased and no Uving timber will be cut, or where patches are to be cut clean, Forest officers may, instead of marking or designating every tree for cutting, blaze and mark the boundary of the cutting area or patch and instruct the purchaser in the manner of cuttino;. Merchantable dead trees, about which there may be a question, wdl always be marked, except where the contract contains a clause providing for the cutting of all dead timber. 46 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. When the plan of marking is followed, standing timber must be marked ''U. S." near the ground, so that every stump will show the mark. Where snow may conceal the marldng from the cutters, each tree must also be marked at a point several feet from the ground. On thick-barked trees where chopping through to the wood means considerable extra w^ork and expense, and where cutting is to take place in the near future, the bark may be blazed and stamped "U. S." Usually it is inadvisable to mark timber a long time in advance of cutting, but where this is necessary for any reason, officers should cut through to and stamp the wood plainly. The marldng must be such that the stamp will be distinct at the time of cutting, and as long after cutting as is necessary for inspection. Timber should be marked when it can be done most economically; the work will not, however, be done too far in advance and the cut-over area will be watched for mistakes. In no case should timber be marked outside the area designated in the contract. In a sale for a definite amount, only timber enough to yield that amount will be marked. The marking wiU be done thoroughly, and no large groups of mature trees will be left on the area unless so isolated that the pur- chaser can not reasonably be required to log them. The system of marking and the proportion of the timber to be cut should be carefully explained to purchasers by mark- p^c^'ser!^**'^'^ *° ing sample areas before a sale is consummated, Wliile the desn-es of purchasers must be very carefully con- sidered, the silvicultural needs of the Forest must take precedence over other considerations, even at a sacrifice in present stumpage rates. Since the marking of green timber is the most important part of any sale, it is much better to demonstrate on the ground to the Forest officers who will do the work how the marking should be done than to send out written instructions and criticize the work after it is done. Wlienever possible in large sales, a marking board, consisting of the district forester, the chief of silviculture, and the For- board^'*'* marking ^^^ supervisor, will mark representative areas and establish the marking policy to be followed in the sale. The action of the board will be bindinji; upon Forest officers doing the marking, and no change will be made in the system without referring the matter to the district forester. Personal marking by supervisors and deputies will take precedence over ordinary routine, and supervisors or deputies visorJ.^'^^ ^^ ^^^"" ^'ill assist in the first marldng in important sales. Supervisors, either personally or through their depu- uties, are expected to check the work of marldng frequently enough to make sure that it is being properly done. Every advantage will be taken of the services of men with techni- cal training, but men without timber-sale experience, fof markin"^ "'*'' ^vcu if technically trained, will not be placed in charge of important marldng projects. The following instructions for marldng are general, and can not all be applied in any specific case. Modified to meet tiwfs'!^'^^' instruc- Iq^.^i Conditions, they will serve as a basis for marldng in all sales and in administrative and free use. The district forester may wherever advisable supplement these instruc- tions with detailed instructions for the types m the district. NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL — TIMBER SALES. 47 It may be advisable to keep a record of the volume of the trees marked and of the trees left to secure an idea of the percentage of timber reserved. Marking in all sales must be such as will insure the best forest growth after cutting consistent with practicable Genera po cy. Jogging operations. AH other terais of the sale will be subordinated to" this end. As far as type conditions permit, this marking should leave on the ground sufficient timber for a second cut witiiin a period of 50 years or less. Even if clear cutting is neces- sary, usually not less than one-fourth of the original stand should be retained in groups of seed trees to insure complete restocking. All mature and overmature trees will be marked, except when required for seed or protection. Similarly, all trees tiTO*tr"es.^''*^ *^^^^*'' wliich show sucli defects as punk knots, spike tops, bad crooks, low forks, fire scars, cat faces, or frost cracks, will be marked. The officer doing the marking will not be unreasonable in requiring purchasers to take defective trees, but as a general rule those which will yield one merchantable log will be marked. An approximate diameter limit, if one is given in the contract, will be flexible. Thriftv, rapidly growing trees of desir- Diameter limits. ^^^^ ^^^^^^.^^ ^.j^ ^^^ ^^ mai'ked, cvcn if larger than the stated diameter. Defective trees of any size wliich can be utilized will be marked, unless needed for seed or protection. The need of an early second cut, as well as the necessity of rapidly cutting over all areas of mature and deteriorating ^^conservative mark- timber SO as to increase the rate of growth of the remaining stand, will be carefully weighed before decid- ing upon the method of marking to be employed. Where the danger of windfall is great only a light^ cutting may be advisable, or groups of seed trees may be left where individual trees would be wind thrown. Particularly conservative marking may be advisable to protect the watershecl, to prevent erosion, to retain the scenic value of the Forest along important roads, and at the lower limits of types where heavy cutting might result in the encouragement of less desirable species.' On steep slopes and exposed ridges the particu- lar need for forest cover and the paramount value of trees as seed bearers must be given consideration. Where the system of cutting plans for a second cut within 20 to 50 years, enough timber should be left to make the second cut practical from a lumberman's stand- point. Each tree will be left, when possible, with its crown free enough for vigorous growth. If usable, trees which have crowns' free" ^"^ ^ccn badly crowdcd and have only small, sickly crowns will be marked unless needed for the preser- vation of proper soil conditions or for other silvical reasons. Seed trees must be left where there are not enough young trees to form a good stand in the future, and the trees Seed trees. ^hich woutd otherwise be left are not sufficient in number to properly seed up the area. Seed trees should be thrifty and capable of bearing large quantities of seed at once. Occasionally it will be possible to use trees too misshapen or defective to be mer- 5276°— 11 4 48 NATIONAL, FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. charitable, but as a i*ule, young, thrifty, full-crowned trees, which will yield good lumber in the future, wUl be chosen. In mixed forests seed trees should be of the more valuable species, but poorer species are better than none. In situations where logging is difficult, the possibihty of logging individual trees will be considered. Where partial reproduction is present, fewer seed trees should be left than where there are no seedlings. If there is danger that fire wUl run over the area, enough trees will be left to seed the ground fully, whether reproduction is present or not. Large openings will not be made where the future forest will suffer. A number of seed trees will always be left on the edge of openings, such as old bums, on the side from which the prevailing winds blow. Ridges should be marked very conservatively. Isolated, thrifty trees of desirable species should not be marked. It is best to first decide which trees should be left, and then mark the trees to be removed. Where there is doubt whether a tree is needed for seed or protection, it should be retained. Defective trees of doubtful merchantable value should ordinarily be marked. Cor- rect marking can only be determined after a careful study of local types and species. In dense stands of even-aged timber, particularly of species liable to wind throw, clear cutting may be the only prac- Clean cutting. j.- ui ^u i t i i. ^^ ^ ticable method. In such cases, compact groups or patches of timber, of sufficient size to be wind firm should be left at frequent intervals to insure restocking. The areas cut clean should never be so large as to endanger complete reseedmg from the patches of timber which will remain. The latter should be located as far as practicable upon the higher ground and other points favorable to wide distribution of seed. It is usually advisable for a Forest officer thoroughly familiar with Check markin ^^® principles which have been followed in the original mar ng. marking, to check the marking before the sawyers and loggers have left any area, in order to mark any trees which were obviously overlooked, or, better stUl, just before operations have reached an area, in order also to cancel the marks on trees which should be left. Witness trees, or any trees blazed to mark the line of any official witness and line GoveiTiment survey, will never be marked or other- *"'*• wise designated for cutting. The pohcy in regard to cutting timber on claims, on pages 38 and Timber on claims. 39, wiU be observed in marking. BRUSH DISPOSAL. The best way to dispose of brush is not everywhere the same. Piling and burning wiU be required where the fire risk is great, other- wise the method promising the best silvicultural results. If piling and burning is necessary, all lops and debris, including pjjj^ large chips made from hewing ties, wiU be piled at a safe distance from standing trees. The piles will not be made in groups of seedlings or young growth, against dead snags, near Hving trees, or on stumps, large tops or logs, but when- ever possible in openings. Piles should be adapted to the size of NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 49 the opening in which they are made and sufficiently compact to kindle easily and bum cleanly. Limbs or trimmed tops too large to burn well need not be piled, but may be left on the ground to rot. The ideal pile is of medium size, conical in shape, compact, 5 to 7 feet in diameter at the base, and 4 or 5 feet liigh. Wlien brush can not be piled on account of snow, and the contract does not provide for postponement, the necessary Postponement of modification sliould be granted by the proper Forest officer, in accordance with the instructions on page 33. Brush will be scattered whenever this method promises the best silvicultural results, unless there is serious danger of erng. ^^^ ^^_ whcrc there is dense timber or reproduction. The scattered brush should be dense enough to afford actual protec- tion to seedlings from evaporation or trampling by stock and to the soil from erosion. Ordinarily brush \\all be lopped so as to lie not higher than 2 feet from the ground. Less careful work ma}^ be suffi- cient in openings where the object is to keep cattle or other stock away from expected reproduction. Ground burning may be advisable where clean cutting has been . ^ . emiiloved, to expose the loose, mineral soil for better Ground burning. ^i ' • i • ^ seed germmation. Wliere ground burning is adopted, the brush and debris will be left unpiled until conditions make it safe to burn the entire slashing. To follow this plan the agreement must require the purchaser to clear a fu'e line around the area to be burned and around all patches of timber %\dthin it which are to be left, and to furnish adequate helj) to the Forest officer wdio supervises the burning. Frequently the most economical way to dispose of brush, if weather conditions are suitable, is to burn it as the prl^esse^s*'''""'''^ cuttiug progresses. Fires can be started at con- venient points and the brush throwTi on them as it is lopped. This is often feasible after light snow falls. Brush burning is necessary whenever there is danger of fire, but ordinarily is not advisable over an entire sale area. piEs!'^"*'^^ ^^^^^ It. is frequently possible to burn the brush so as to form broad fire lines, particularly along railroads or wagon roads, laid out so as to do the least injury to young growth. Fire lines will ordinarily follow ridges rather than canyons and will be laid out according to the topography. WTiere to burn brush completely means damage to reproduction, unburned piles wiU be left, if they are not too close together. The eftect of burning on grazing and future reproduction will be carefully weighed. The best times for orush burning are after a light fall of snow or rain, early in the spring before the snow has melted or the dry season has begim, or during or immediately after summer rains. The proper method of disposing of brush from insect-infested Brush from Insect trccs must depend upon the habits of the insects by Infested or fungus which the trees are attacked. The brush from infected trees. fungus or mistletoe infected trees which constitute a menace will be burnedo 50 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. I I Brush disposal must always keep pace witli logging, except when ',»*»-,. -, the depth of snow or other adequate reasons make Kate 01 uisposai. ■'•i. i ..i ,• • -t ^ t-i proper disposal at the time impossible. Frequent inspection is necessary to see that the contract is being fulfilled in this respect. District foresters will, wherever necessary or advisable, issue more Detaued instmc- detailed instructions for the disposal of brush in tions. types found in the district. SCALING, Unless timber is sold on the basis of an estimate, as is occasionally done in timber settlement, it must be scaled, counted, or measured before it is removed from the cutting area, or from the place agreed upon for the scahng, counting, or measuring. All saw timber will be scaled by the Scribner Decimal C log rule. Scale rule This rule drops the units and gives the contents of a log to the nearest 10. Wlien the total scale of a log is desired, all that is necessary is to add one cipher to the sum of the numbers read from the scale stick, excepting the contents of 6 and 8 foot logs, 6 and 7 inches in diameter. These are given as 0.5, which multiplied by 10 gives 5 feet as the actual contents. In the absence of a scale stick, or where the position of logs in the pile makes its use difficult, the diameters and lengtjis may be tallied and the contents figured from a scale table later. In order to decrease cost, purchasers may be required to skid logs for scaling, unless the cost of logging will be greatly pMchaswr"*' °^ increased by such requirement. Wlienever this requirement is made it should be covered by an appropriate clause in the contract. The Forest officer should always insist on having one end of piles or skidways even, so that the ends of logs may be easily reached. When necessary and possible, the purchaser will be required to mark top ends of logs to avoid question when they are scaled in the pile. Each log scaled must be numbered with crayon. The number will be the same as that opposite which the scale of the urn ering ogs. log is recorded in the scale book. The lo^s in all skidways must be counted, and the niunber of°iogs*°**' number m each pile checked with the entries in the scale book. Each merchantable log after scahng will be stamped "U. S." on at least one end. Logs so defective as to be unmer- ampng ogs. chautable will not be stamped, but will be marked "Cull." On all National Forests except those in Alaska and west of the sum- mit of the Cascade Mountains in Washington and scaling. '*''*^*^'' '"^ Oregon, logs over 16 feet long will be scaled as two or more logs, if possible in lengths not less than 12 feet. The following table shows how the lengths may be divided when scaling logs 18 to 60 feet long. The number of inches to be added to the diameter at the small end of each log, to cover taper, is placed under each length. NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 51 For example, a 42-foot log 16 inches in diameter at the top would be scaled as — One 12-foot log with a diameter of 16 inches. One 14-foot log with a diameter of 17 inches. One 16-foot log with a diameter of 19 inches. , feet. Log lengths. Total length feet. Log lengths. Total length Butt log. Sec- ond log. Third log. Top log. Butt log. Sec- ond log. Third log. Top log. 18 ...feet-, .inches. . ...feet.. .inches.. ...feet., .inches.. ...feet., .inches. . ...feet., .inches. . ...feet.. .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches. . ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. 10 1 10 1 12 1 14 1 14 1 14 2 16 2 16 2 12 3 12 3 14 3 8 10 10 10 12 14 14 16 10 12 12 40. 42. 44. 46. 48. 50. 52. 54. 56. 58. 60. Increase — increase increase increase Increase — ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. . . .feet.. 16 3 16 3 16 3 16 4 16 4 14 4 16 4 16 5 16 5 16 5 16 5 12 1 14 1 16 1 16 2 16 2 12 3 12 3 14 3 16 3 16 3 16 3 "n 1 12 1 12 1 12 1 14 2 14 2 12 20 12 22 12 24 14 26 16 28 12 Increase increase increase. . . increase. . . increase... Increase . . . .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. ....feet., .inches.. 30 12 32 12 34 Increase 36 Increase 38 Increase 12 1 12 1 12 1 12 12 14 This table is intended to be used simply as a guide. The allowances for taper should be varied to conform to the actual taper. On the National Forests in Alaska and west of the summit of the s eciai rule for Cascade Mouutaius in Washington and Oregon, logs Alaska and west up to and including 32 feet long will be scaled as one slope of cascades, i^^. j^ng^i^g f^.^j^ 34 f^^t to 64 fcct, iuclusive, wiU be scaled as two logs, dividing them at the center as near as may be in even feet; for example, a 34-foot log will be scaled as an 18-foot and a 16-foot top log. The diameter of the larger log may be determined by taking the average of the top and butt diameters of the whole length or by calipering or estimated by the scaler with the help of a taper table. A 36-foot log will be scaled as two 18-foot logs. This does not apply to lengths including rapidly tapering butt cuts. The lengths and tapers for sucli logs can be judged by the scaler. Greater lengths than 64 feet will be scaled as three logs, making the divisions as nearly equal as possible and in even feet, and increasing the diameters according to the taper of the log. When the logs are scaled as two or more logs, the scale allowed for the separate lengths will be added and the total sum recorded as one log. Wliile no hard and fast rules can be given or followed, certain general principles may be laid down. They must, inSng. ""^'•^"^'^ however, be used with judgment by the scaler and varied wherever the conditions demand. Among the points which must be considered are the size and shape of the logs, the quality as affected by various kuids of defects, the size and loca- tion of defect, and the requirements and limitations of markets. 52 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. It is assumed that purchasers utilize the maximum amount of TTnnecessar loss material in manufacture. Since the Government can In manufacture not not be held responsible for loss caused by poor equip- considered. meut or poor management, the scaler should not take them into consideration. Loss may be caused by too thick slabbing; cuttmg material too thick or too wide at the main saw; poorly "sized" lumber; excessive "crowding" by the sawyer; poorly kept saws which "run;" waste in edging and trimming through ignorance or carelessness ; samng for a certam class of material regardless of the quantity of waste this involves. It is important that measurement of lengths be made frequently Measuring log cnougli to be surc that logs do not exceed the allow- lengths. ance for trimming specified in the contract. If the scaler finds frequent violations, he will measure every log, and all logs found overrunning the trimming allowance will be scaled as if 2 feet longer, or 1 foot longer where the contract provides for odd lengths. Penalty scaling will be noted in the scale book against the number of the log so scaled to avoid possible controversy. Frequent measuring is especially important on small sales where a Forest officer is not always present, because sawyers are more apt to be lax in measuring than when an officer is daily checldng lengths. Logs will be scaled in odd lengths if provided for in the contract. All diameters will be measured inside the bark at the top end of the log. If logs are not round, scalers will average the in g ame ers. gj.g^|.gg^ diameter inside the bark at the top end of the log with the diameter at right angles to this. The necessary re- duction in diameter will be made for swelling at the scaling end of a log when no lumber can be produced from it. Diameters will be rounded off to the nearest inch above or below the actual diameter. Any portion of a log which contains a fault which prevents its manu- facture into merchantable lumber is cull, and will not ogs. ^^ scaled and charged to the purchaser. The following defects are most common: Uniform center or circular rot, circular shake, pin dote, ground or stump rot, cat face, dote at side of log extending to the bark, burns or defect caused by lightning extending along side of log, defect caused by lightning extending along the log in spiral form, punky or soft sap, deep checks or seams, dote appearing in knots, curve, or sweep, crooks, crotches, and blue sap. In general, a log containing sufficient sound material to saw out salable lumber equal to one-third of its contents as terial"''^''*^^'*"'*" given by the scale rule is termed "merchantable." This will be varied in accordance with the character of the timber and local market conditions. The term "sound material" is here used to signify such material as will produce lumber grading not below No. 3 common, or the lowest grade commonly merchantable in the markets supplied. Supervisors will, wherever advisable, furnish scalers with specifications of No. 3 common lumber, or the lowest grade commonly merchantable, from the grading rules of the recognized lumber associations in the vicinity of their Forests. The scaler is not expected to be a grader, but the NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 53 grading rules will assist him in determining where to draw the line between merchantable and unmerchantable timber. Under uniform center or circular rot may be included circular "heart rot" or any dote that may be roughly included ciTCuia?™t'^'**" °' within a circle on the cross section showing at either end of a log, making all of the log within the circle unmerchantable. In sawing, this area of defect is squared. The accompanying table shows the amounts of lumber which are lost in defects of this type, in diameters of 2 to 12 inches in the more common log lengths, and which should be deducted from the full scale of the log. Amounts for shorter or longer logs can be obtained as follows: For 6 or 8 foot logs, deduct one-half the amount of loss, which is the same for defect oF a given diameter in a 1 6-inch log as in one of 30- inch diameter. The actual loss caused by uniform circular rot as shown by the dia- gram, is also shown in accordance with the rules of adding 2, 3, and 4 inches, respectively, to the diameter of the defect, and deducting from the full scale of the log an amount equal to the contents of a log of the resultant diameter. Loss shown by dia- gram. By adding 2 inches. By adding 3" inches. By adding 4 inches. Diameter of defect. Log lengths— Log lengths— Log lengths— Log lengths— 10 12 14 16 10 12 14 16 10 12 14 16 10 12 14 16 2 inches 13J 25 46S 66§ 100 4 16 30 56 80 120 4? ISi 35" 65J 93J 140 5J 21 J 40 74J 106§ 160 4 inches 10 20 30 50 70 10 20 30 60 90 10 20 40 70 100 10 30 60 80 110 10 30 40 60 90 20 30 40 70 110 20 30 50 80 120 30 40 70 100 140 20 30 50 70 100 20 30 60 90 120 20 40 70 100 140 20 6 inches 60 8 inches 80 10 inches 110 12 inches 160 By referring to the table it will be seen that the following rules can be used to obtain the desired results: For uniform defect 3 inches or less in diameter deduct 10 feet b. m. in logs up to 16 feet in length. For defect 4 to 6 inches in diameter add 3 inches to actual diameter of rot, and deduct from the full scale of the log an amount equal to the contents of a log of the resultant diameter. For defect 7 to 12 inches in diameter add 4 inches to diameter of rot and deduct an amount equal to the contents of a log of the result- ant diameter from full scale of log. Only experience gained by actually seeing defective logs "opened" at the saw will enable scalers to judge how far into a log defect extends when it appears only at one end. In short logs showing defect less than 4 inches in diameter at only one end and not in the knots deduct one-half the amount called for by the rule for the full length of the log. In measuring the diameter of this type of rot the scaler should measure it at the end of the log showing the greatest area of defect, since the saw cuts in straight parallel lines. 54 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL — TIMBER SALES. The rule given for circular rot may be used in determining the amount of loss caused by shake by finding the diam- eter of the portion of the log included within the outer "ring" of shake. If there is at the center of the log a core of sound timber of merchantable size, inside of the shake "rings/' the core will be scaled as a log and the difference between its contents and the amount to be deducted is the net deduction from the full scale. Pin dote appears on the cross section at the end of a log in the form ^, ^ ^ of little rotten spots usually scattered in a rouglily Pin dote. . , ^t- . ■• -i. n ° M Circular area. Lg is mucli less than when they occur near the center, since in the former case much of the defect will come out in slabbing. This is especially true of the butt of NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 55 the first log where the flare or swell is considerable at the point of cutting. In culling for dote on one side of a log extending to the bark, burns or other defects caused by lightning extending along the side of the log, the scaler should consider how far toward the heart they extend, and by estimating the percentage affected determine upon suitable deductions. Since they do not usually run deep and can be mostly removed in slabbing, defects caused by Hghtning extending spirally along a log do not affect the scale. The percentage of loss is proportionately greater in small logs than in large ones. Punky or unsound Where a slicll of uiisound sap occurs, only the ^*P- sound heartwood will be measured. Sound blue sap does not render a board unmerchantable, but the scaler should be certain that it is not insect eaten, ue sap. rjy^^^ fault occurs most frequently in dead trees, but may sometimes be found to alTect dying trees. Oftentimes logs containing it are slightly punky at the outside, and as a rule, if the scaler in measuring the diameter includes the sap on one side of the log only, discarding the other sap, the result will be satis- factory. Deep checks or seams are usually found in dead and dry trees and affect the scale in var3dng degree, depending upon the seamsf ^'^^"^^ °^ number of checks, tlieir depth, etc. Almost always they extend through the sap and frequently into the heartwood. Where they alTect the sap alone, the rule for cullmg for defective sap will apply; where the checks are small, it is fairly certain they all'ect the sap wood only; but when they are of con- siderable width they usualh'' affect the heartwood, and proper deduc- tions should be made. Where only one deep, straight check occurs in a log the loss is very small, but where many seams are found the method given for use in the case of deep spiral checks can be followed. Where deep spiral checks are found, the scaler will measure the diameter of the portion of the log included withm the ch^cks^^ ^^*^*' largest circle which can be described on a cross section without being materially affected by the checks and class as defective all that part of the log outside the area defhied by the circle. Rot in the log is sometimes shown only by an examination of the Dote appearing in kuots, and the oulv method of determining the proper ^^°^^- deduction is to see such logs ''opened up." When rot appears at the ends of a log and also in the knots, the deduction depending on the number of knots affected, their size, position, etc., should be from 10 to 50 per cent greater than when it appears at the ends alone. When dote appears in the knots, it indi- cates that the area of rot enlarges in the portion of the log near the knots. The percentage of a log affected by sweej) or curve varies acccording to the diameter of the log. An amount of curve that Curve or sweep. • i ^ ii ii i i i ^ -i might cull a very small log would not necessarily cause the rejection of a larger log. The scaler should, when possible, sight along curved logs, noting where the saw w^ould square the log sufficiently to enable boards to 56 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL. — TIMBER SALES. be cut on both sides affected by the curve, thus determining the amount of loss caused by the sweep. It should be remembered that boards sawed near the slab are always narrower and contain fewer board feet than those sawed from the balance of the log. No deduction should be made for curve or sweep in logs over 16 feet long. Except in rare cases, crotches do not affect the scale of logs suffi- ciently to require deductions. If sawyers do their work properly they will cut back on the log sufficiently to eluninate the part affected by the crotch. The scaler should obtain the average diameter of the log imme- diately below the enlargement caused by the crotch. Scribner Decimal "C" Log Rule. FOR LOGS UP TO AND INCLUDING 32 FEET IN LENGTH. [Contents of logs.] Dianieler In inches. 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18, 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28, 29 30 31 32 33 34 35. 36, 37. 38, 39. 40. 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49. 50. 51. 52. Length (feet)- Board feet. 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 17 19 21 22 23 25 27 28 29 30 33 35 39 40 42 45 48 50 52 56 57 59 62 65 67 70 73 76 Board feet. 0.5 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 11 12 14 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 30 37 39 40 44 46 51 54 56 60 64 67 70 74 76 79 83 86 90 94 97 101 feet. feet. 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 9 9 11 10 12 12 14 13 16 15 18 17 21 19 23 21 25 23 28 25 30 29 34 31 37 34 41 36 44 38 46 41 49 44 53 40 55 49 59 50 60 55 66 58 69 64 77 67 80 70 84 75 90 79 95 84 101 87 105 93 111 95 114 99 119 104 124 108 130 112 135 117 140 122 146 127 152 feet. 1 2 2 3 4 111 117 122 129 133 139 145 151 157 164 170 177 Board feet. 2 3 3 4 6 92 103 107 112 120 127 134 140 148 152 159 166 173 180 187 195 202 181 Board feet. 2 3 3 4 6 8 9 11 13 16 18 21 24 27 31 34 38 42 45 52 56 02 65 80 83 88 90 98 104 116 120 126 135 143 151 157 166 171 178 186 194 202 211 219 228 Board feet. 2 3 3 4 8 10 12 14 18 20 23 27 30 35 38 42 47 50 57 62 68 73 76 82 89 92 98 100 109 115 129 133 140 150 159 168 174 185 190 198 207 216 225 234 243 253 Board feet. 3 4 4 5 8 9 11 13 16 20 22 25 29 33 38 42 46 52 55 63 69 75 80 84 90 101 108 110 120 127 142 147 154 166 175 185 192 204 209 218 228 238 247 257 268 278 Board feet. 3 4 4 6 106 110 118 120 131 138 154 100 ](;8 181 191 201 209 222 228 238 248 260 270 281 292 304 Board feet. 3 4 5 11 13 10 19 23 26 30 35 39 45 49 54 61 66 75 82 89 95 99 107 115 120 127 l.'^O 142 1.=)0 167 174 182 196 207 218 227 241 247 2.58 209 281 202 304 315 329 28 Board feet. 4 5 6 10 12 14 17 20 25 28 32 37 42 49 53 58 66 71 96 102 107 115 124 129 137 140 153 101 180 187 196 211 223 235 244 2.59 266 278 290 302 314 328 341 354 Board feet. 4 5 6 8 11 13 15 18 21 27 30 35 40 45 52 57 63 71 76 86 94 103 109 114 123 133 138 147 150 164 173 193 200 210 226 238 252 202 278 286 297 310 324 337 351 365 380 Board feet. 5 9 12 14 It) 19 23 28 32 37 43 48 66 61 67 75 81 92 100 110 116 122 131 142 147 157 160 175 185 206 214 224 241 254 269 279 296 304 317 331 346 359 374 389 405 NATIONAL FOEEST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. Scribner Decimal "C" Log Rule — Continued. 57 Diameter in inches. Length (feet)— Board feel. 79 82 85 88 91 95 105 108 112 116 119 123 127 131 135 139 144 148 152 157 161 166 171 176 180 185 190 196 201 206 210 215 221 226 231 230 241 246 251 257 262 268 273 278 284 289 295 301 307 313 319 325 331 337 344 350 356 362 369 375 382 389 396 403 410 417 Board feet. 105 109 113 118 122 126 131 135 140 145 149 154 159 164 170 175 180 186 192 197 203 209 215 221 228 234 240 247 254 261 268 275 281 287 295 301 308 315 322 329 335 343 350 357 364 371 379 386 393 401 409 417 425 433 442 450 459 467 475 483 492 501 509 519 528 537 547 556 10 12 14 16 181 20 22 24 26 Board feet. 132 137 142 147 1.52 158 163 169 175 181 187 193 199 206 212 219 226 232 240 247 254 261 269 277 285 293 301 309 317 326 335 343 351 359 368 377 3S5 393 402 411 419 428 437 446 455 464 473 492 502 512 522 532 542 553 663 573 583 594 604 615 626 637 648 660 672 683 695 Board feet. 158 164 170 176 183 189 196 203 210 217 224 232 239 247 254 262 271 279 287 296 305 314 323 332 341 351 361 371 381 391 401 412 421 431 442 452 462 472 483 493 503 514 525 536 546 557 568 579 590 602 614 626 638 650 663 675 713 725 738 751 764 778 792 806 820 834 Board feet. 184 191 198 206 213 221 229 237 245 253 261 270 279 288 297 306 316 325 335 345 356 366 377 387 398 410 421 432 444 456 468 481 491 503 516 527 539 551 563 575 587 600 612 625 637 650 663 675 702 716 730 744 758 773 788 803 817 832 846 861 876 891 90S 924 940 957 973 Board feet. 210 218 227 235 244 252 261 270 280 289 299 309 319 329 339 350 .361 372 383 395 406 418 430 443 455 468 481 494 521 535 549 501 575 589 603 616 629 644 657 671 685 700 715 728 743 757 772 787 803 819 835 851 867 884 900 917 933 951 967 984 1,001 1.019 1,037 1,056 1,075 1,093 1,112 Board feet. 237 246 255 264 274 284 294 304 315 325 336 348 358 370 381 393 406 419 430 444 457 471 484 498 511 527 541 556 572 586 601 618 631 646 663 678 693 708 725 739 754 771 788 804 819 835 852 869 885 903 921 939 957 975 995 1,013 1,032 1,050 1,069 1,087 1,107 1,126 1,146 1,167 1,188 1,209 1,230 1,251 Board feet. 263 273 2S3 294 304 315 327 338 350 362 373 387 398 412 423 437 452 465 478 493 508 523 538 553 508 585 (i02 618 635 652 668 687 702 718 737 753 770 787 805 822 838 857 875 893 910 928 947 965 983 1,003 1,023 1,043 1,063 1,083 1,105 1,125 1,147 1,167 1,188 1,208 1,230 1,252 1,273 1,297 1,320 1,.343 1,367 1,390 Board feet. 289 300 312 323 335 347 359 372 385 398 411 425 438 453 466 480 497 512 526 543 559 576 592 609 625 644 662 680 699 717 735 755 772 790 810 829 847 865 Board feet. 316 328 340 3.53 365 379 392 406 420 434 448 464 478 494 508 524 542 558 574 592 610 628 646 664 682 702 722 742 762 782 802 824 842 802 884 904 924 944 966 986 006 082 104 11 126 1 148 |l 170 il 192 1 210 ,1 238 1 261 ;1 283 11 307 1 329 1 3.53 1 377 1 401 !1 426 1 452 1 478 1 .503 1 529 a Board feet. 368 382 397 411 426 442 457 473 490 506 523 541 558 576 593 611 632 651 670 691 712 733 754 775 796 819 842 866 Board feet. 341 3.55 368 382 396 410 425 439 455 470 485 503 518 535 550 568 587 605 622 641 661 680 700 719 739 761 782 804 826 847 869 893 912 934 958 979 1,001 1,023 1,047 1,068 1,090 1,114 1,138 1,161 1,183 1,207 1,231 1,255 1,278 1,304 1,330 1,3.50 il,401 1,382 1,489 1,408 ll,517 1,437 |1,.547 1,463 !l,575 1,491 |l,605 1,517 11,633 1,545 |l,664 1,571 11,692 1,599 |1,722 1,627 il,752 1,(55 11,783 1,686 1 1,815 1.716 !l,848 1,746 1,881 1,913 1,807 1,946 912 936 961 982 1,006 1,031 1,055 1,078 1,101 1,127 1,1.50 1,174 1,199 1,225 1,2.51 1,274 1,300 1,325 1,351 1,377 405 1,433 30 32 Board Board feet 395 410 425 441 457 473 490 507 525 542 560 580 597 617 635 655 677 698 717 740 762 785 807 830 852 878 902 927 953 977 1,002 1,030 1,052 1,077 1,105 1,130 1,1.55 1, 180 1,208 1,232 1,2,57 1,285 1,313 1,340 1,3(5 1,392 1,420 1,448 1,475 1,.505 1,535 1 , 565 1,.595 1,025 1,6.58 1,688 1,720 1,750 1,782 1,812 1,845 1,877 1,910 1,945 1,980 2,015 2,050 2,085 feel. 421 437 4.53 470 487 505 523 541 560 579 597 619 637 659 677 699 723 744 765 789 813 837 861 8.S5 909 936 963 989 1,016 1,043 1,069 1,099 1,123 1,149 1,179 1,205 1,232 1,259 1,288 1,315 1,.341 1,.371 1,400 1,429 1,456 1,485 1,515 1,544 1,.573 1,605 1,637 1, 669 1,701 1,733 1,768 1,800 1,835 1,867 1,901 1,933 1,968 2,003 2,037 2,075 2,112 2,149 2.187 2 224 1 Scale for logs 18 to 32 feet in length to be used only on National Forests in Alaska and on the West slope of the Cascade Mountains in Wasliington and Oregon, or as otherwise provided by specific instruc- tions from the Forester. 58 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES, Ties may be sold by the piece, actually scaled, or counted and the ^jg number multiplied by tlie average contents, as the contract provides. The following ratios may be used: Eight-foot ties, standard face, 33 J board feet each, may be used, or 30 ties to the thousand; 8-foot ties, second class, and 6-foot ties, standard face, 25 board feet each, or 40 ties to the thousand. Shake and shingle-bolt material will be measured by the cord or by the thousand feet board measure, in accordance ^Shakes and shingle ^^|^ j^^^j custom. As a rule, a cord of shingle bolts may be considered equal to 600 feet b. m. Lagging may be measured by the cord or linear foot or by the ^^ ^^ piece, or where split lagging is used by the board foot, each cubic foot counting as 12 board feet. Poles, posts, piles, converter poles, telephone poles, and stuUs may Poles posts etc ^® Scaled, sold by tlie linear foot, or sold by the piece, as circumstances warrant. Wlaen scaled, each stick of timbers, ties, posts, poles, or piles must stamping material ^^ Stamped ou at least ouc end. Cordwood must other than saw tim- be Stamped at both top and bottom of each pile and at least 12 pieces in each cord must be stamped. In check scaling as many logs as practicable will be scaled after Check scaiine they have been scaled by the officer in charge and without knowing his scale. The check will then be compared with the original scale. The log numbers of the original scale, as well as the length of logs, will in each case be recorded in the check scaler's book and the pages cut out and filed in the supervisor's office, or, when necessary, forwarded to the district forester through the supervisor, with the check scaler's report. Check-scale figures may be in the following form : Sound logs. Unsound logs. Totals. Number of logs. Scale. Per cent + or-. Number of logs. Scale. Per cent + or-. Number of logs. Scale. Per cent + or — . Scale Check scale.. . Any feasible plan may be adopted by supervisors to permit the checking of the count or measurement of material other than saw timber. Logs may be followed through the mill to determine how they Miu-scaie studies "^peu up," but regular mill-scale studies as a check on the scale are rarely advisable, since there are too many variable factors which influence the mill output. SALE OF MISCELLANEOUS FOREST PRODUCTS. The sale of wild seedlings and Christmas trees, where the value is less than $100, and such products as cascara bark and turpentine will ordinarily be conducted by the supervisor under directions from the Forester or district forester. NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 59 APPEALS. All complaints and appeals arising from action taken by a Forest ranger or other subordinate officer on a National range? ^^"^^^"""^ °* Forest, either relating to apphcations for purchases of timber or to the enforcement of the terms of an existing contract, will be referred in the first instance to the super- visor for decision. Decision will be rendered by the supervisor in writing and a copy filed with the record in the case. Appeals from the action taken by a supervisor must bo filed with liim mthin 15 days from the date of such action or super^so^r!'^'^^*''*^ °^ dccisioii ill the case of appeals arising under the enforcement of existing contracts and within 30 days in the case of appeals arising in connection with applications to purchase timber, or for the modification of an existing contract. The supervisor will transmit the appeal, with all supporting evidence submitted, to the district forester, together with the complete record in the case and his further recommendations and statement of the facts or reasons upon which his action was based. Decision will then be rendered by the district forester and the supervisor and appellant notified. Appeals from decisions of a cUstrict forester or of the Forester will From decisions of fo^ow the Same procedure and be governed by the district forester and same time fimits. The district forester \vi\l transmit the appeal to the Forester, with all supporting evi- dence submitted, the complete record in the case, and his own recommendations and statement of the facts or reasons upon winch his action was based. Similar data will be transmitted by the Forester to the Secretary in case of appeals from decisions of the Forester. Decisions rendered by the Forester will be transmitted through the district forester to the supervisor and appellant. Decisions on appeals rendered by supervisors wall be prepared in j^gp^jj.^ triphcate. The original will be sent to the appeUant and the extra copy to the Forest officer concerned. Decisions rendered by a district forester will be prepared in tripli- cate. The original will be sent to the appellant and the extra copy to the supervisor. Decisions rendered by the Forester will be prepared in quadrupli- cate and by the Secretary in quintuphcate. The original wall be sent to the appellant and copies furnished for the files of the Forester, district forester, and supervisor. RECORDS AND REPORTS. The Forest officer in charge w ill notify the supervisor when cutting begins on any advertised sale. Thescalein all sales will e repor s. ^^ reported on Form 820 to the supervisor and a dupli- cate retained in the ranger's files. In unadvertised sales only the final report need be submitted. In advertised sales cutting reports wall be submitted while work is in progress, covering periods of one, two, three, or four weeks, as may be required by the supervisor, but in each case ending with Saturday. On Forests where there are a number of sales in operation definite dates may be set upon which the cutting reports shall be submitted. 60 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. As cutting reports (Form 820) are received they will be compared with the timber sales record card for errors in entries of^^cutttal^eports.^*^ brought forward from the last report and for the cor- rectness of the rates. All calculations will be checked and the information regarding the progress of the sale closely scruti- nized. The date of the report, quantity of each class of material cut reduced to feet board measure, according to approved converting factors, and total value of material cut since the last report and to date will be entered on the record card. The total value of the cut to date will be compared with the total deposits to guard against cutting in excess of payments. Supervisors may in their discretion furnish approved cutting reports to purchasei-s on Form 820 without the answere to the questions on the back. In large sales a record of the scale of each log must be kept on file in the office of the supervisor in the book in which it Scale record-su- .^^^g oriorinally entered. It will be open to inspection pervisor s ofiice. & -' . n ■• i , i • j^i by the purchaser at all times, but only m the presence of the supervisor or an officer from the district office. The monthly report on Form 949 will be mailed to the district for- ester by the supervisor not later than the 5th of the sold and cut *^^®^ succeeding month, even if during the month no timber has been sold or cut. It will be compiled from all Forms 615, which will not be placed in the closed records until the end of the month. Timber cut in sales and in settlements in which payment is made will be included. The date of the approval of the agreement or stipulation will in each case be taken as the date of sale, even though advance cutting may have been allowed. The date of receipt of the cutting report will be taken as the date of cutting for the report; all data will be checked before the report is forwarded. The report should include a statement of the amount of timber pre- viously reported as sold which will not be cut owing to cancellations or modifications of contracts during the month. As soon as practicable after the 1st of each month the district for- ester will report to the Forester the amount and value montw'*'*re^*ort^**^^ of green and dead timber sold and cut, respectively, during the preceding month, by Forests. This report should include a statement of the amount of timber previously re- ported as sold which will not be cut owing to cancellations or modifi- cations of contracts during the month. The annual report will be compiled from the Annual report. monthly rcportS. Sales of miscellaneous forest products, such as Christmas trees, turpentine, seedlings, etc., should be reported in the ^,?![lf tJi^tf^nr^flrt' form of a footnote to the district foresters' monthlv QUCtS, now reporxeu. ,1*1*1 iiii * and annual report of timber cut and sold. Converting equivalents will be used in reducing various materials to feet board measure. Tables of converting factors tors*"^*^'"^ ^^^' will be prepared in each district to meet varying conditions. Before these are adopted they will be approved by the Forester. A summary (Form 616) of the timber business will be kept in the district office for each Forest and the card filed in safeTeS. *'"^" f^ont of all othcr record cards for the Forest. Each supervisor will keep Form 616 for his Forest. In order NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SALES. 61 that this form may show separately the amount of live and dead tim- ber cut, supervisors will enter in red ink on this card form all the dead timber sold and cut and its value. Entries for live timber will be made in black ink. At the end of each month the quantity and value of each class of timber sold and cut will be entered on the summary card. At the end of each fiscal year the summaries by Forests will be totaled and entered upon a summary card for the district, which will be filed as the front card in the current record file. The timber cut in free and administrative use will be included in the total cut for the year. The annual cost of timber sales for the fiscal year on each Forest will be considered with the amount of timber sold and Cost data. ^^^^^ ^^ determine whether the cost has been excessive. Occasionally it may be necessary to secure detailed figures on repre- sentative large or small sales, showing the relation of the cost of sales to the stumpage price received. The following form should be used for reporting and recording tim- ber sale costs. Wlien advisable, in the judgment of ^°^^' the supervisor or district forester, mimeographed sheets may be prepared with ruled columns for periodic entry of the days and amounts chargeable to the various cost items, particularly to marking, scaling, and brush burning. (Case designation.) Examination : (a) Salaries of men (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). (b) Supplies, transportation, etc. (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). (c) Total cost of examination (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). Office work: In local office (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). Field work: (a) Marking (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). (6) Scaling (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). ?c) Brush burning (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). {d) Check scaling (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). Administration : (a) Supervision (in cents per 1,000 feet or per cord). (6) Total cost per 1,000 feet or per cord of administration. Area of sale Amount of timber cut Species Price (Per cord or per 1,000 feet b.m.,etc.) Total cost of sale (Per cord or per 1,000 feet b. m.) Remarks (Reasons for high or low costs. If sale is not closed, what will be the probable cost? Are data approximate or exact?) ADMINISTRATIVE USE OF TIMBER. Timber may be disposed of under the administrative use regulation (Regulation S-1 7) by sale, under free use, or other^vise isteatwe^use! **^™^''" ^^ remove an actual menace from insects, lire, disease, or other sources. Timber may be removed under this regulation when it is necessary for the construction, main- tenance, or repair of permanent improvements upon National Forests or for experiments conducted by tiie Forest Service. Exchanges of timber for labor, services, or material in the building of permanent improvements are, however, not authorized. Under this regidation the district foresters may authorize super- A 4.V. ,4. f ^, visors to dispose of timber by administrative use in Authority of dls- ^ i i • i i i • ^ • , i trict foresters and amouuts depending upon the conditions on the supervisors. Forcst and the experience of the supervisor, within the amount which each supervisor is authorized to sell. When an application is received or the supervisor believes from personal knowledge or from the reports of Forest officers that timber should be disposed of under administrative use, he will direct a field examination and the prepara- tion as soon as practicable of a map and a complete report in accord- ance with Forms 578a and 578b, If it is found that because of disease, insect attack, or other cause a body of timber is a menace to the Forest, it will, ^^Methods of dispo- jf possible, be removed promptly with as little expense as possible, preferably by sale, and in such a manner as to reduce to a minimum the future danger. When a sale can not be made and regular free use will not remove the timber soon enough to prevent loss, administrative use permits will be issued. Forester's administrative use permits will be prepared in quin- Forester's and dls- tuplicatc, and district forester's m quadruplicate, trict foresters per- The permits will be executed in duplicate, and the ™'*^" executed copies forwarded to the Forester or district forester, as the case may be, for approval with the report and recom- mendations of the supervisor. The approved original will be filed in the district office, the duplicate transmitted to the permittee and copies furnished the supervisor and local ofiicer in charge. The fifth copy, in Forester's permits, will be retained in the Forester's files. The card record on Form 615 in the supervisor's office will be kept as an index card and record of the amounts cut Card records. ^- i as 111 sales. The permit will be prepared in triplicate. The original is for the permittee, the duplicate for the supervisor's miSra'tfvTpemfit.' files. and the triplicate for the ranger. 62 NATIONAL FOKEST MANUAL ADMINISTRATIVE USE. 63 Form of ermit ^^^ preparing the permit the folio wiug form will serve as a guide: ADMINISTRATIVE USE PERMIT. , National Forest , (Date of application.) (I or we) (If copartnership, give names and addresses of individuals, followed by "partners doing business under the firm name and style of ;" if corporation, "A corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State (or Territory) of , having an ofTice and principal place of business at , hereby apply for permission to take, within .... months from above •") date, all ( Describe nature of injury to timber, such as attack by insects, fimgus, mistletoe, etc.) marked or designated for cutting by the Forest officer, the removal of which is actually necessary to protect the forest from ravages or destruction, located on an area to be definitely designated by the Forest officer before cutting begins in ( Give approximat e location and describe by relation to some well-known landmark, stream, etc. Give also legal subdivision if surveyed and approximate legal subdivision if unsurveyed.) estimated to be (Give quantity, species, and material.) If this application is approved agree, in consideration of the granting (I or we) of the privilege herein applied for, to cut and remove said timber in strict accordance with the following and all other regulations and instructions governing National Forests prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. (Insert regulations to govern cutting and removal of the timber.) Signed in duplicate this day of , 19. . Witnesses: (Signature.) Approved at , under the above conditions, 19. (Signature of approving officer.) (Title.) Bonds will be required only in exceptional cases when necessary Bond, when re- to iusurc faithful Compliance with the conditions of i*^*^^*^- the permit. Forest officers will designate cutting areas and mark the timber to be removed as in timber sales. All administra- ^_ Supervision of cut- ^-.^^^ ^g^ ^^ timber except that cut or used for per- manent improvements on the National Forests will be scaled, counted or measured, and stamped. 5276°— 11 5 64 NATIONAL. FOREST MANUAL ADMINISTEATIVE USE, The ranger will file his copy of the permit alphabetically by name of R n er's record of ^^^® permittee. When the case is closed or the per- admiaistrative-use mittcc is notified that the cutting area is in a satisfac- permits. ^^^^ Condition, the date of closing or notice and the amount and value of material secured will be entered on the back of the permit. Timber cut under administrative use except that cut or used in connection with permanent improvements on the ^^Report of timber ]S[ational Forcsts Will be included in the ranger's annual free-use reports to the supervisor. As soon as the conditions of the permit have been complied with, the permittee will be notified by the supervisor that the Closing. cutting area is in a satisfactory condition and the administrative use closed. TIMBER SETTLEMENT. Settlement for timber cut, damaged, killed, or destroyed on the National Forests in connection with the enjoyment of any special-use privilege is called a timber settlement. Where the timber will be killed or destroyed but not removed, or in .. those cases where it will not be worked into measur- Payment on the , ^j.- • i • i basis of estimate or able lomi, or wJicre tlic cuttmg IS done m sucli a way ^^^^^' that scaling is impracticable, settlement may be required on the basis of estimate. In all cases where the timber can be scaled, measured, or counted, it will be paid for according to the scale, measure, or count, as in a timber sale, and the proceckn*e will be identical. A charge for timber settlements on the basis of current stumpage rates for timber of like quality and accessibility included in sales will be made for all classes of material which have to be cut and destro3^ed and which are commonly salable upon the Forest. A charge ^vill not be made for chisses of mateiiai whicli are not commonly salable on the Forest, or, ordinarily, for reproduction. The basis for this procedure is that the ground rental under the occupancy permit covers the probable future returns from timber gi'owth; or when no rental is charged that the land is being put to a higher use and the people as a whole are benefited more than if it had been retained in the produc- tion of timber. Wlien a right of way permitted under an act of Congress crosses an unpatented agi'icultural or mining claim, whether the be^^^ciatas°'^ ^^' claim antedat'es the right of way or not, and whether the claim is apparently held in good faith or not, if timber is cut and removed in clearing the right of way, payment will be made to the United States in all cases except where the removal of the timber is necessary for the purpose of clearing the land in good faith for cultivation or for development, or when at the time of cutting the timber is actually needed by the claimant for use in making im- provements on the land embraced in his entry or location. If any such claimant should need timber for the purposes above specified and should be unable to obtain it on his claim, he will be allowed to take timber under free-use permit from lands of the United States for those purposes up to the amount cut from the claim for which the United States has received payment. It is therefore necessary to keep sepa- rate records of the timber estimated upon or cut from each claim.. Wlien timber is involved in a special-use case, the Forest officer making the examination will report on the timber to este."*^^*^"*" ^'"'" be cut, damaged, killed, or destroyed, giving the infor- mation called for by Form 578a and an estimate of the timber on Form 578b. In addition to the usual recommendations in timber sales, this report will contain recommendations as to whether G5 66 XATIONAL, FOREST MANUAL TIMBER SETTLEMENT. the timber should be paid for on the basis of the estimate or actual scale, and state when cutting or destruction is likely to take place. Upon the receipt of these papers, the supervisor will record the case as in "Un advertised Sales," using a white card (Form 615) stamped "Timber Settlement," wliich will be filed with the Timber Sale cards. Special clauses covering payment for timber cut or destroyed in connection with occupancy permits and the dispo- ci^'^s.^' settlement gj^^Qj^ ^f refuse are included m the various forms or stipulations as follows: Form 832, special-use permit, clauses 5 and 9. Form 80, railroad stipulations, clauses 1 and 2. Form 81, stipulations in connection vdth irrigation, municipal, and mining easements, clauses 1 and 2. Form 59, preliminary water-power permit, clause 6. Form 61, water-power stipulation, clauses 23, 24, 26, and 27. Form 63, transmission-line permit, clauses 4 and 6. Such modifications should be made in these clauses as are necessary to adapt them to the particular conditions in each case. The following clause should be inserted in stipulations or permits involving the use of drivable streams, when practicable and necessaiy to protect the interests of the Government in future timber sales: To maintain suitable gates in the dam to provide for the driving of timber down the River or stream at such times as, in the judgment of the Forest officer, will not cause undue interference with the operation of the plant. jj^ ^^^^^ Deposits will be required in advance of cutting or *^°^ ^' destruction. Letters of transmittal and cutting reports, if payment is made upon the actual scale, will be handled as in timber sales. In cases in which settlement is made on the basis of an estimate, one cutting report stating the total estimated amount cut or destroyed will be submitted upon completion of the work. „^„. ^, If the timber is cut, utilization as complete iia in TTtlUzation. , j • i i mi i • i ' current timber sales will be required. How reported. Timber ill settlements will be included in reports of timber "sold" and "cut." Timber settlements will be closed when cutting is finished and ^j^gjjj brush properly disposed of, or if no timber is cut, when construction work is completed, independently of special-use permits or rights-of-way stipulations. If timber is damaged or destroyed subsequent to the closing of the timber set- tlement, the case may be reopened. If the amount of timber involved in a special-use permit is more than the supervisor is authorized to approve in a distoct forester? *° sale, the case will be referred to the district forester with the report on Forms 578a and 578b and drafts of timber settlement clauses to be included in the permit. The supervisor's report and the drafts of clauses in every special use or Interior Department ri^ht of way wliich involves a timber settlement \\dll be scrutinized with reference to payments, prices, and policy. The approved draft of the clauses and a letter of instructions will be sent to the supervisor in connection with the action taken upon the special use. FREE USE OF TIMBER AND STONE. As provided for on page 13, the supervisor of each Forest annually ,.,,,. , ^ on Ai^ril 1 will recommend to the district forester the Limitation of cut. .^ , p ,' ^ i • i i i maxunum amount ot tmiber which may properly be cut under free use during the ensuing fiscal year, wliich amount shall form a part of the maxunum cut for the Forest. The free use maxi- mum shall be based upon silvicultural conditions, the provisions of the working plan if one has been prepared, the amounts which have been cut under free use during past years, and the probable amount which will be needed during the ensuing year and which may be cut under the existing policy. The procedure in the district office will follow that outlined on page 14. The free use of timber and stone on National Forests may be granted to bona fide settlers, miners, residents, and prospectors for mmerals, for firewood, fencing, building, mining, prospecting, and other domestic purposes. The object of free use is to assist prospectors in their work and to „^, ^ ^^ encourage and assist settlers who have not on their Object of free use. , <^, , . , , ,1111,1 own land or claims, or on lands controlled by tliem, a sufficient and accessible supply of material suitable for the purposes named in the law. Whether an appUcant is entitled to free use must be decided b}^ the proper Forest officer. In all cases not clearly covered or'^refTs'ir ^^''*"^ by the letter of the law and the regulations lie will be guided by their spirit, especially as indicated by the expression "Those who may not reasonably be required to purchase," and by the distinction between pubhc or personal and commercial use. A member of a corporation is not necessarily debarred from free use of fuel for his own home, although his ability to secure it from another source will be considered, especially if the Forest supply is limited and in demand by more needy applicants. Residents of towns and villages engaged in business or earning a livelihood are reasonably expected to purchase building material for town dwellings and other home structures, and, except in small villages, for fuel. Settlers, particularly under the Forest homestead act, who have not yet miproved their homes, may receive a liberal allowance for their own use. There is no more reason for giving a hotel keeper or merchant timber solely to build or warm his hotel or store than giving him a stock of goods, yet it need not be refused the proprietor of a small establishment when it will be used cliiefly by himself and his family. Prospectors may be assisted to develop their properties, but o^vTiers of producing mines and those who are able to employ several or many men on wages will be required to pay. Well-to-do stockmen and owners of large ranches may reasonaoly be required to purchase. 67 68 NATIONAL, FOEEST MANUAL FREE USE. Free use of timber may be allowed in connection with other uses of the National Forests regardless of the ability of the permittee to purchase; if the timber will be used in improvements the benefit of which will be essentially public rather than individual, or if the stumpage value of the timber used is less than the value of these improvements for protective purposes, or for administrative purposes considering both the actual use of the improvement and the increased value of the Forest tlirough better regulation. Ordinarily, improve- ments under these provisions should be constructed with the under- standing that they will become the property of the United States at the termination of the permit. A clear line can usually be drawn between improvements which are necessary and of benefit only to the permittee in conducting his business and those which result in the improvement and better regulation of the Forest. Free use may be refused in the discretion of the supervisor to permittees who repeatedly violate the provisions of their permits and interfere with the efficiency of the free use administration. Free use may reasonably be refused where the final cost to the permittees is as great as if the material were purchased, whether or not agents are employed to obtain the material. Free use of timber from alleged invalid claims may be granted for fuel only, pending the final deter- mination of title to the claims. The appraisement of free use material will not be ^^ valuation of mate- j^gg ^j^^^^ f^^, ^.^j^g -^ ^j^^ ^^^^^ locality on the Forcst from which the timber is to be taken. Super^'isors will issue at the beginning of each fiscal year a schedule schediue of rates ^^ standard rates for free use material based upon the current timber sale rates. The rate for the same class of material may be varied in different districts if the conditions warrant. In general, posts will be valued at a specified rate per post, and poles at a specified rate per linear foot. Cordwood will never be measured on the basis of board feet. Dead timber will be valued at the same price as green in National Forests where the prices are equal in sales. The free-use pri-vdlege will be restricted so far as possible to diseased, . defective, dying, and dead and down timber, the use nc ions. ^£ which will be encouraged. Green timber, however, may be obtained except as provided for m the regulations or the supervisor's instructions, when it is necessary for the particular needs of the applicant. Every possible attempt will be made to improve and protect the Forest by locating free use where the timber can best be spared or where it constitutes a menace, by confining the cutting in green timber so far as possible to inferior trees and inferior species, and where necessaiy or advisable for economic reasons or to insure reproduction by limiting the cut of green timber or prohibiting it altogether. The duration of permits, which will not exceed the time necessary to remove material, will be fixed by the issuing officer, but all permits must terminate on or before June 30 of each year. The small amount of material actually needed by transients may be taken without a permit. In cases of great emergency^use.^ ^^^ emergency material may be taken without a permit, but the fact should at once be reported to a Forest officer with the request that a permit be issued. NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL FREE USE. 69 The administration of free use will be conducted mainly by the supervisors and rangers, subject to the general policy, Administration. restrictions, and instructions herein outUned, or prescribed by the district forester. It is the duty of Forest officers to cheerfully furnish assistance to applicants, to act promptly upon all applications, and in general to follow as liberal a policy in the matter of free use as the interests of the National Forest and the proper per- formance of their work will allow. Although simple methods and the exercise of judgment are encouraged, there should be no tendency to underrate the importance of the free-use business. Every effort will be made to improve the Forest and to reduce the cost of the administration of free use and yet give Forest users prom])t attention. Utilization of all trees cut, as complete as in sales, as well as careful disposal of refuse, must be required. Officers in charge of cutting will be held responsible for seeing that no unnecessary damage is done to reproduction, young growth, or standing timber. There should be no failure on the part of the Forest officer to make all points clear to applicants before permits are granted. When numerous applications for free use are expected, Forest officers will notify the public, in any convenient manner, that they will be at designated places on certain days, prepared to transact free use and other National Forest business. Wherever possible the work of handlmg the free-use business will be reduced by designating temporary permit areas, ermi areas. preferably in dead timber. These will be mapped and reported to the supervisor, who, if he approves, will authorize the ranger to mark or specify the timber which should be removed and to designate the boundaries. Great care should be exercised in estab- lishing such areas, and their boundaries must be clearly designated. After issuing a permit, the Forest officer may send the permittee to tliis area, thus avoiding the necessity of a visit to the timber with each applicant before cutting. Each applicant, who will be held responsible for his cutting on the area, will be required to clear up the debris resulting from his own cutting. Forest officers will designate the timber to be cut in the simplest and most economical way practicable. Living timber *' ™^' will be marked in accordance with the principles out- Imed under timber sales, and the detailed instructions for markuig issued by the district forester or supervisor. In the case of dead timber, an area may be blazed or defined by natural boundaries, and the class of trees to be taken specified. The scaling or measuring of free-use material may be omitted when it would require long special trips or engage consid- ''^''^^' erable of the ranger's time tliat could be more economically employed on other work. A sufficient check should be maintained by the ranger to be certain that the regulations governing free use are complietl with. Supervisors and deputy supervisors will investigate the conduct of free-use business, both in the field and in the ranger's records, as often as possible, to see that the cutting is in accordance with silvicultural requirements, that utilization is complete, that the public is properly served, that the cases are closed promptly on expiration, and that the free-use policy for the Forest is being followed. 70 NATIONAL, FOREST MANUAL^ FEEE USE. Cutting reports will be required by supervisors only when they consider them necessary in large permits to check Cutting reports, ^j^^ ^.^^^ ^£ cutting and the amount as against that fixed in the permit. Rangers' free-use permits will be issued in duplicate on Form 874-8. , The approved original will be transmitted to the angers recor s. p^j-j^^j^^gg ^j^f{ ^j^g panger will retain the duplicate copy, which will be filed alphabetically by the name of the permittee in a promise card box. For convenience in closing, all permits will be made to expire at the end of a month. When a case is closed the date of closing and the amount and value of material secured will be entered on the back of the permit. If Form 874-8 is used in supervisors' or district foresters' permits the original will be sent to the permittee and a carbon filed by the ranger with other permits. If a special form is necessary which can not be conveniently filed with the Form 874-8 permits an index card will be used and the permit filed with timber sales. Rangers will recommend the closing of supervisors' and district foresters' permits and immediately close the case in their own files. No record of rangers' permits will be kept in the supervisors' offices. Supervisors' permits will be prepared in triplicate on Form 874-8, or on a special form similar to Form 202 when nec- ^supervisors- per- ^^^^^y ^j^q approved Original will be transmitted to the permittee. The supervisor will retain the duplicate and forward the triplicate to the ranger. Supervisors may require reports in large or unusual cases. When an application exceeds the supervisor's authorization, he will prepare a permit in triplicate, which, with the neces- pemus!"* foresters' ^^^.^^ report and recommendations, will be forwarded to the district forester in duplicate for approval. After approval the permit and report will be returned to the super- visor, who will transmit the original to the permittee, one copy to the ranger, and retain one copy. No record of individual cases will be kept in the district office. Whenever application is made for free use of timber to an amount exceeding the authorization of the district forester Fore's'ter^splrmifs'!*^ the application must be submitted to the Secretary of Agriculture for approval if the value exceeds $500, and to the Forester if within this amount and above the authorization of the district forester. When so approved the district forester will issue the permit followmg the procedure outlined under "District forester's permits." At the end of each fiscal year, or at other times if required by the Ran ers' re orts si^ip^^rvisor, each ranger will submit a report giving separately for live and dead timber the number of Eermits issued and tlie (juantit}^ and value of material actually used y the ])ermittees. This report will cover all free-use and adminis- trative-use permits, including those approved by supervisors and district foresters. Such reports will be incorporated in the super- visor's amiual statistical report to the district forester. Temporary free-use areas from wdiich only dead fuel or dead fence material, or both, may be taken prior to securing a use^Seas.^*^ ^^^^' permit will be recommended by supervisors and approved by district foresters only where it is evident NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL FREE USE. 71 that there will be substantial compliance with the law, where danger will not result, and where the elimination of routine will result in a material reduction in the cost of administration. Free-use areas will preferably include large quantities of dead timber and will be closed as soon as the supply is exhausted. Forest officers will see that the utiHzation on free-use areas is rea- sonably complete. The cutting of timber by other persons or for other purposes than those named m the law or for sale is forbidden. TIMBER SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. Form 941. (Revised Dec. 1, 1911.) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE. (Attach clipping of notice liere) BID FOR ADVERTISED TIMBER. Timber Sale. National Forest. ,19 (The district forester or Forest supervisor) (City or town) (State) Dear Sir: In response to the notice of sale published in. of. (Name of newspaper) bid for the (Town) (State) timber advertised to be cut from (I or we) (Locality) (If surveyed, give legal subdivisions: if unsurveyed, give metes and bounds with reference to some well- linown landmark) in the National Forest, as follows: Estimated amount in feet board measure, cords, or pieces. Species. (If different prices are offered for dead and living timber, make separate entries. ) Price bid per 1,000 feet, cord, or piece. I have remitted, under separate cover, to the National Bank of (U. S. depository) $ , to accompany this bid, as required by the published notice of sale. Very truly yours, (Name of bidder) (Full address) NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL — SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS, 73 Form 202. Revised Oct. 15. 1911.) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE TIMBER SALE. National Forest. (Date of application) (I or we) (If copartnership, "We. and partners, doiiifj business under tlie finn name and style of ") (If corporation, "A cor[)o- ration organized and existing under the laws of the State (or Territory) of , having an office and principal place of business at ") of , State of .' , hereby (In application, "apply," in final agreement, "agree.") to purchase (In final agreement only, "In accordance with my (or our) l)id submitted in pursuance of the notice of sale of certain timber in the National Forest, duly given by publication as required by law," if sale has l)een advertised and bid accepted. If private sale, when timber has been advertised and no satisfactory bid has been received, "at private sale, certain timber within the National Forest , duly advertised for sale in the , a newspaper of general circulation in the State (or Territory) in which said Forest exists, by notice published for not less than ,"^0 days before , 19 . Said timber i^') all the merchantable dead timber standing or down and all the live timber for cutting by a Forest officer located on an area of ("Marked" or "designated.") about acres to be definitely designated by a Forest officer before cutting begins in (Give approximate location and describe by relation to some well-known landmark, stream, etc. Give also legal subdivisions, if surveyed, and approximate legal subdivisions if unsurveyed. If advertised, description of location should follow that given in notice of sale.) within the National Forest, estimated to be (Give by species the quantity in proper unit of measure, state whether live or dead, and kind of material, and add the words "more or less.'") ("If this sale is awarded to me (or us)" in application only.) (I or we.) do hereby, in consideration of the sale of this timber to , promise to pay (Me or us.) 74 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. to the National Bank of (United States depository) or such other depository or officer as shall hereafter be designated, to be placed to the credit of the United States, (In final agreement, " the sum of dollars ($ ), more or less, as may be determined by the actual scale, measure, or count.") for the timber at the rate of (In application, "not less than.") (Per thousand feet b. m., cord, linear feet, etc.) in advance payments of at least dollars ($ ) each when called for by the Forest officer in charge (If application for advertised sale, "$50 being forwarded to the said United States depository at this time to cover cost of advertising, this amount to be placed to my (or our) credit if I am (or we are) the successful bidder, or refunded if my (or our) bid is rejected.") credit being given for the sums, if any, heretofore deposited with the said United States depository or officer in connection with this sale. And further promise and agree to cut and remove said timber in strict (I or we.) accordance with the following conditions and all regulations governing timber sales prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture: 1. Timber upon valid claims and all timber to which there exists valid claim under contract with the Forest Service is exempted from this sale. 2. No timber will be cut or removed until it has been paid for. 3. No timber will be removed until it has been scaled, measured, or counted by a Forest officer. 4. No timber will be cut except from the area specified by a Forest ofiicer. No live timber will be cut except that marked or otherwise designated by a Forest ofiicer. 5. All merchantable timber used in buildings, skidways, bridges, construction of roads, or other improvements will be paid for at the price herein specified. 6. All cutting will be done with a saw when possible. 7. No unnecessary damage will be done to young growth or to trees left standing, and no trees shall be left lodged in the process of felling (Unmarked or undesignated.) trees that are badly damaged during the process of logging will be cut if required by the Forest officers, and when such damage is due to carelessness, the trees so injiu-ed will be paid for at twice the price herein specified. 8. The approximate minimum diameter limit at a point 4^ feet from the ground to which living trees are to be cut is (Limits in inches for all species involved. When individual trees are marked for cutting, "Trees above these diameters may be reserved for seed or protection, and merchantable trees below these diameters may be marked at the discretion of the Forest officer." When other methods of cutting are advisable, insert suitable provisions so that the system of cutting and method Df designation will be clear.) 9. Stumps will be cut so as to cause the least possible waste and will not be cut higher than inches on the side adjacent to the highest ground — lower when Eossible — except in unusual cases when, in the discretion of the Forest officer, this eight is not considered practicable. 10. All trees will be utilized to as low a diameter in the tops as possible so as to cause the least waste, and to a minimum diameter of inches when merchantable in NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL^ SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. 75 iJiG ludgment of th« Forest officer; the log lengths will be varied so as to make this possible. IL Tops will be lopped and all brush piled compactly at a safe distance from li\ang trees, or otherwise disposed of, as directed by the Forest officer. 12. All timber will be cut and removed on or before and none later than .'. , and at least will be paid for, cut, and removed (Feet b. m., cords, etc.) on or before , 19 . . , and at least of the remainder of the estimated amount diu-ing each year of the remaining period. 13. Timber will be scaled by Scribner Decimal log rule, or counted or measured as prescribed by the Forester, or specifically provided in this agreement, and, if required by the Forest officer, will be piled or skidded for scaling ("Measurement" or as directed by the Forest officer. "count" if cordwood or other material is involved.) 14. All marked or designated trees and all dead timber sound enough for lumber of any merchantable grade or timbers (Insert cordwood or other material to be included in the sale.) shall be cut. Unmarked or undesignated li\-ing trees which are cut; marked or desig- nated trees or merchantable dead timber left uncut; timber wasted in tops, stumps, and partially sound logs; trees left lodged in the process of felling; and any timber merchantable according to the terms of this agreement which is cut and not removed from any portion of the cutting area after logging on that portion of the cutting area is completed, or is not removed from the National Forest after the expiration of this agreement, shall be scaled, measured, or counted, and paid for at double the price herein specified. 15. During the time that this agreement remains in force will, inde- (I or we.) pendently, do all in power to prevent and suppress forest fires on the (My or our.) sale area and in its vicinity, and will require employees and contractors (.My or our.) to do likewise hereby agree, unless prevented by circumstances over (I or we.) which have no control, to place and (I or we.) (Myself or ourselves.) (My or our.) employees at the disposal of any authorized Forest officer for the purpose of fighting forest fires, with the understanding that if the fire does not threaten (My or our.) property or the area embraced in this agreement shall be paid, for serv- (I or we.) ices so rendered at the rate or rates to be determined by the Forest officer in charge, which rate or rates shall correspond to the rate or rates of pay prevailing in the National Forest for services of a similar character at the time the ser\dces are rendered, provided, however, that if , (I or we.) (My or our.) employees, subcontractors, or employees of subcontractors are directly or indirectly responsible for the origin of the fire, shall not be paid for ser\dces so rendered. (I or we.) 16. So far as is reasonable, all branches of the logging shall keep pace with one another, and in no instance shall the brush disposal be allowed to fall behind the cutting, except when the depth of the snow or other adequate reason makes proper disposal impossible, when the disposal of brush may, with the written consent of the Forest officer in charge, be postponed until conditions are more favorable. 17. Necessary logging roads, chutes, camps, buildings or other structures shall be located as agreed upon with the Forest officer in charge. All such improvements not removed within months after the expiration of this agreement shall become the property of the United States. (Insert special conditions, if any.) The title to the timber included in this agreement shall remain in the United States until it hag been paid for and scaled, measured, or counted, as herein provided. 76 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. The decision of the Secretary of Agriculture shall be final in the interpretation of the regulations and provisions governing the sale, cutting, and removal of the timber covered by this agreement. Work may be suspended by the Forest officer in charge if the conditions and require- ments contained in this agreement are disregarded, and the failure to comply with any one of said conditions and requirements, if persisted in, will be sufficient cause for the Forester to revoke this agreement and to cancel all permits for other uses of the National Forest. No Member of or Delegate to Congress, or Resident Commissioner, after his election or appointment, and either before or after he has qualified, and during his continuance in office, shall be admitted to any share or part of this contract or agreement, or to any benefit to arise thereupon. Nothing, however, herein contained shall be con- strued to extend to any incorporated company, where such contract or agreement is made for the general benefit of such incorporation or company. (Section 3741, Revised Statutes, and sections 114 to 116, Act of March 4, 1909.) Refund of deposits under this agreement will be made only at the discretion of the Forester or district forester. This agreement Avill not be assigned in whole or in part. The conditions of the sale are completely set forth in this agreement, and none of its terms can be varied or modified except with the written consent of the Forester. (or, " the district forester" in district forester's sales, or, "the supervisor" in supervisor's sales.) No other Forest officer has been or will be given authority for this purpose. And as a further guarantee of a faithful performance of the conditions of this agree- ment and do further agree that all moneys (I or vi^e deliver herewith a bond in the sum of $ ,) paid under this agreement shall, upon failure on part to fulfill all and (my or our) singular the conditions and requirements herein set forth, or made a part hereof, be retained by the United States to be applied as far as may be to the satisfaction of obligations assumed hereunder. (my or our) Signed in duplicate this day of , 19 . . . (same date as bond) (Corporate seal if corporation.) Witnesses: * (Signature of purchaser. See note.) (Signature of purchaser.) Approved at , under the above conditions, , 191. (Signature of approving oflacer.) (Title.) Note. — If contracting party is a copartnership, form of signature should be r X Y Z Company, By John Doe, [ A member of the firm. If contracting party is a corporation, form of signature should be f X Y Z Company, [By John Doe, President {or other officer or agent). > Signature pf twp witnesses required if sale is over $100. NATIONAL rOKEST MANUAL — SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. 77 Form 377. (Revised Dec. 1, 1911.) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. FOREST SERVICE. BOND. Know All Men by The.se Presents: That we .. ( Names of principals.) of as principal, and (Names of sureties.) , as suret. ., are held and firmly bound unto the United States of America in the sum of dollars ($ ), for the payment of which sum well and truly to be made to the National Bank of , or such other depository or otHcer as shall hereafter be duly designated by the United States, to be placed to the credit of the United States, we bind ourselves and each of us, our and each of our heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents. The condition of this obligation is such that whereas the above bounden (Names of principals.) ha . . by a certain (Application or agreement.) (Signed or executed.) by on this day of , 19. . . Now, Therefore, If the said (Names of principals.) shall well and truly perform all and singular the promises and agreements in said contained, then this obligation shall be void, otherwise to (Application or agreement.) remain in full force and effect. In Witness Whereof, The parties hereto have executed this instrument this day of , 19. ., at (Corporate seal if corporation.) [seal.] (Principal.) [seal.] (Principal.) [seal.] (Surety.) [seal.] (Surety.) ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF PRINCIPAL. State of , County of , ss: On this day of , 19. ., before me (Name of notary.) , a notary public, in and for , residing therein, duly sworn and acting under a commission expiring , 19 . . , personally appeared (Name of principals.) knoivn to me to be the of the (Title.) (Nanie of purchasing company.) the corporation that executed the above instrument, and known to me to be the jjersoa who executed the above instrument in behalf of the said corporation, and. .... . acknowledged to me that he said corporation executed the above instrument, as jirin- cipal, voluntarily for the uses therein specified. Witness my hand and official seal the date first in this certificate above written. [seal.] Notary Public. N. B.— Italics are to be stricken out when bond is executed by individuals and not by corporations. 78 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF SURETIES. State of , County of , ss: On this day of , 19. ., before me (Name of notary.) , a notary public, in and for , residing therein, duly sworn and acting under a commission expiring , 39. . , personally appeared (Name of sureties.) known to me to be the of the (Title.) (Name of surety company.) the corporation that executed the above instrument, and known to me to be the person who executed the above instrument in behalf of the said corporation, and each acknowledged to me that he said corporation executed the same as surety, volunta- rily for the uses therein specified. Witness my hand and official seal the date first in this certificate above written. [seal.] Notary Public. N. B. — Italics are to be stricken out when bond is executed by individuals and not by corporations. OATH OF SURETIES. [Must be used when individuals are sureties.] State of , County of , ss: and (Name of surety.) (Name of surety.) being duly sworn, each for himself says that he is a citizen of the United States and a resident of ; that he signed the above bond as one of the sureties thereon; that he is worth the sum of in property in the of his residence over and above all legal liabilities and exemptions, and that he has property therein subject to sale on excution worth the sum of (Surety.) (Surety.) Subscribed in my presence by and (Name of surety.) , and by each of them sworn to before me (Name of surety.) this day of , 19. . . Witness my hand and official seal the date last above written. [seal.] Notary Public in and for the County of State of. My commission expires CERTIFICATE OF SOLVENCY. [To be flUed in when sureties are individuals.] I hereby certify that I have made due and diligent personal inquiry as to the ability of the signers of the foregoing bond, and am satisfied that they are good and sufficient and fully responsible each for the sum of dollars. (Title.) , 19.. (Day.) Approved at , , , 19. . . (City.) (State.) (Date.) (Signature of approving officer.) (Title.) NATIONAL FOKEST MANUAL SALE AND FEEE-USE FORMS. 79 Form 319. (Revised August, 1908.) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE. MEMORANDUM OF CORPORATE OFFICER'S AUTHORITY TO SIGN INSTRUMENT. When an agreement orother legal instrument is executed by a corporation, the Forester requires evidence of the authority of the person who signs on behalf of the corporation. Such evidence should be either— (1) A copy of the article of incorporation, or of the by-law giving the recjuisite authority, or (2) A copy of the resolution of the board of directors giving the requisite authority. In either case such copy should be followed by a certification by the secretary of the company, under the corporate seal; the evidence of authority required would then be substantially in the following form: (Copy of article of incorporation, by-law, or resolution.) I, , secretary of the Company, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a correct copy of the article of incorporation (or of the by-law, as the case may be) which pertains to the powers of the of said company {or of a (Title of officer.) resolution, and of the whole thereof, passed by the board of directors at a directors' meeting, duly called and assembled, and at which a quorum was present); that said article of incorporation (by-law or resolution, as the case may be) was, on the (Date of in full force and effect ; and that on said date executing contract.) (Name of person was the of the said corn- signing instrument.) (Title.) pany. In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name as secretary of the Company and affixed the corporate seal of said com- pany this day of , 19 . . [corporate seal.] Secretary of the 5276°— 11 6 80 NATIONAL FOREST MANUAL SALE AND FREE-USE FORMS. (Space for name on right-hand margin to be filled in before filing. Amount cut and value to be filled in on closing.) Form 874-8 Revised Dec. 1, 1911. U.S. DEPARTMENTOF AGRICULTURE, FOREST SERVICE. ^5; a S FREE-USE PERMIT. National Forest, 191.. Permission is hereby granted to (Name of permittee.) of (Address.) to take, within months from above date, from (Describe lands.) the following-described timber: (Specify species and state wliether . dead or living; number of cords and S value per cord; numlwr of feet b. m. and value per thousand; number and dimensions of house logs, posts, or other sjjecial products, and rate of valuation.) worth $ , to be used by said permittee (How and where.) (OVER.) [reverse.] (Space at bottom to be filled in by officer closing the case, on retained duplicate.) In consideration of such permis- sion said permittee agrees to — 1. Cut only such timber as is desig- nated by a Forest officer. 2. Remove no timber until per- mission is given. 3. Conduct the cutting and dis- pose of the refuse as directed by the Forest officer. 4. Neither sell, give'a way, nor ex- change any material taken. 5. Assist Forest officers to fight fire during the period of this permit without pay if the area covered by this permit is on fire or threatened ; otherwise at the prevailing rate of pay. 6. Comply with all other regula- tions governing National Forests. Permit granted under above condi- tions. (Title.) The cutting or taking of any tim- ber under this permit makes all the conditions binding. (Date closed.) INDEX. Page. Administration of free nse 69 sales, general 44 compliance with contract 45 large sales 45 small sales 44 subordinates of purchaser 45 when cutting may begin 45 Administrative use 62 authority of district foresters and supervisors 62 bond, when required 63 card records 62 closing 64 field examination 62 methods of disposal under. 62 permits, Forester's and district forester's 62 form of 63 ranger's record of 64 supervisors 62 purjjose of 62 regulation 10 report of timber cut 64 supervision of cutting 63 Advance cutting, applications discouraged 25 district forester's and Forester's sales 19 form of application 26 limitation in amount 27 procedure 26 provision to be made for other bidders 27 regulation 8 supervisor's advertised sales 17 Advertisement, authority to publish 22 classification of sales by 14 correcting mistakes in 21 date for receiving bids 21 essential features to be covered in 20 form of 21 general notice 22 location of timber 20 papers in which published 20 jjeriod, minimum 20 publicity in addition to 23 report of, in district forester's and Forester's sales 19 in supervisor's sales 17 required in sales exceeding $100 in value 8, 16 sale of part of timber advertised 22 Alaska, exportation of timber from National Forests in 9 free use on national forests in 12 special scaling rule for 51 timber cutting on right of way or in connection with a special use 11 Allotments at highest price bid to prevent monopoly 9 Annual cut. See Limitation of annual cut. Appeals 10, 59 from decision of ranger 59 from decision of supervisor 59 from decision of district forester 59 from decision of Forester 59 record 59 81 82 INDEX. Page. Applicants, explanation and demonstration to, of sale requirements 42 reliability and financial standing of 42 Application, actual purchaser required to make 42 advance cutting 26 changes in, district forester's and Forester's sales 18 district forester's sales 18 Forester's sales 20 preparation of 36 special clauses for 43 supervisor's advertised sales 16 to follow terms of contract 42 Appraisal of timber 7 free-use material 68 Area. See Cutting area. Areas, free use 12, 69, 70 Awards. See Bids and awards. Ax, regulation marking 9 Bids and awards 23 award of sale 23 date for recei\dng bids 21 deposits accompanying bids 23 district forester's and Forester's sales 19 refunds to unsuccessful bidders 23 supervisor's sales 17 Black Hills National Forest, prohibition against exportation from 9 Blue sap 55 Bonds, advance cutting, regulation 9 amount, how determined 25 district forester's and Forester's sales 19 evidence of authority of person signing 25 examination of, periodically 25 form 25, 77 increased if brush piling postponed 33 regulation 9, 10 supervisor's advertised sales 17 sureties 25 when required, timber sales 9, 10, 24 administrative use 63 Brush disposal 48 burning as cutting progresses 49 burning piles 49 detailed instructions 50 gi'ound burning 49 insect-infested or fungus-infected trees 49 piling 48 postponement of piling 33, 49 bond to be increased 33 form of application 33 i-ate of 50 scattering 49 time for burning 49 Brush piling. See Brush disposal. Bvu-ning brush. See Brush disposal. Cabins, use of timber in construction of 10 Camps and improvements 40 Cancellation of contracts. See Contracts. Card record. See Records and reports. Cascara bark, sale of 58 Cat face 54 Center rot, uniform 53 Check marking. See Marking. on total number of logs in skidways 50 Checks, deep 55 deep spiral 55 Christmas trees, sale of 58 how reported 60 Chvu-ches, free use to 11, 12 INDEX. 83 Page. Circular rot, uniform 53 Circular shake ■^■4 Claims. See also Mining locations. alleged invalid, free use of timber from 68 payment for timber cut on 39, 65 unperfected, cutting timber on 9, 39 Clean cutting. See Marking. Closing, administrative use 64 ranger's sales 15 supervisor's sales 17 timber settlement cases 66 Conditions of sale 9 "removed " defined 36 time limits 36 Consent of sureties to modification 30 form for 31, 33 Contracts 23 cancellation 34 enforced 35 field examination before 35 form for advertised sales 34 execution to be promptly made 23 district forester's and Forester's sales 19, 20 evidence of authority, person signing. 24 form of resolution 24 form i 23, 73 modification, general 8, 30 approval 34 bond increased if brush piling postponed 33 conditions under which allowed 30 consent of surety to be obtained 30 consent of surety when brush piling postponed 33 evidence of authority of person executing 30 extension of time 32 extensions exceeding five years 10, 33 extensions of time, form of application 33 form 30 postponement of brush piling 33 payments not allowed 30 ranger's sales 15 record of, how kept 34 verbal, prohibited 30 when extension refused — disposal of timber 33 ranger's sales 15 sample, in district forester's and Forester's sales 18, 20 special clauses 43 supervisor's advertised sales 17 when submitted to successful bidders 23 witnesses to the execution of 24 Converting factors, use of, in preparing reports 60 Cooperative organizations of settlers, free use to 1 1 , 12 Cost data 61 form for reporting 61 Costs, logging and milling, data on, in proposed sales 42 Counting. See Scaling. Crotches 56 Curve or sweep 55 Cutting area, how designated 38 Cutting methods to be determined before sale begins 37 Cutting period. See Time limits. Cutting reports. See also Timber sales. check and record of 60 free use cases 70 timber settlement cases 66 Dead timber, to be included in all sales 37 Defects in logs. See Scaling. Departments, free use to other 11 84 INDEX. Page. Deposits. See also Payments, and Letters of transmittal. general 8,28 transfer of 29 when made in timber settlement cases 66 Description. See Forest description. Designating timber for cutting. See Marking. Destruction, disposal of timber to prevent 10 Diameter limits, approximate, basis for determining 37 to be flexible 47 when necessary 37 Diameters, finding, in scaling 52 Diseased timber, disposal of, under free use 68 under administrative use 62 District forester's sales. See Timber sales. District marking board 46 Dote, pin 54 Emergency sales. See Advance cutting. Engines, steam, use of, on National Forests 10 Estimate in proposed sales. See Examination of timber. Evidence of authority to execute contract, bond, etc 24 modifications 30 Examination of bond periodically 25 Examination of timber 36 all species to be cut 37 application to follow terms of contract 42 area, cutting _. . _. 38 before disposal under administrative use 62 camps and improvements 40 claims, payment for timber cut from 39 imperfected 39 dead timber 37 diameter limits, approximate 37 estimate 41 by separate types 42 intensity of 42 of grades of material 42 timber to be left 42 explanation and demonstration to applicants 42 field data submitted as map, estimate and report 41 fire, precautions against 40 Forest description 42 future stand to be considered 37 local needs, provision for 38 logging and milling cost 42 logging methods 37 map 41 maximum annual cut considered before 36 method of cutting 37 mining locations, infested timber on 38 timber on 38 unmarked 39 monopoly 38 nomenclature 42 on Forests with preliminary plan 36 working plan 36 period allowed for cutting 40 protection from stock 37 reliability and financial standing of applicants 42 school and railroad sections 39 size of sales 38 special clauses for applications 43 special clauses for insect-infested timber 44 stumpage prices 39 utilization 40 Experiments, use of timber for 10, 62 Exportation of timber 9 Extension of time, exceeding five years 33 INDEX. 85 Page. Extension of time, form 33 when granted 32 when refused — disposal of timber 33 Farmers, free use to, in Alaska 12 Federal Government, other branches of, free use to 11 Fire menace, removal of timber under administrative use 62 Fishermen, free use to, in Alaska 12 Forest description, ranger's sales 15 report on proposed sales 42 super\dsor's unadvertised sales 16 Forester's sales. See Timber sales. Form A. Voucher 28 BF. Authority to publish advertisement 22 59. Preliminary water-power permit 66 61. Water-power stipulation 66 63. Transmission line permit 66 80. Railroad stipulations 66 81. Stipulations (irrigation, municipal, mining) 66 202. Timber sale application and agreement 17, 19, 23, 24, 33, 43, 70, 73 319. Memorandum of corporate officer's authority to sign instrument 24, 79 377. Bond ". 17, 25, 33, 77 578a. Forest description 42, 62, 65, 66 578b. Estimate sheet 62, 65, 66 615. Timber sale record card 15, 16, 18, 60, 62, 66 616. Timber sale summary card 60 820. Report of timber cut 15, 59, 60 832. Special use permit 66 861. Letter of transmittal 17 874-8 . Free use permit 70, 80 935. Certificate of publication 17, 18, 19 941. Bid for advertised timber 17, 19, 72 949. Supervisor's monthly report of timber cut and sold 60 975. Poster notice of sale of timber 23 Administrative use permit 63 Application for advance cutting 26 Application for cancellation of contract 34 Application for modification of contract 30 Application for jDostponement brush piling 33 Consent of surety 31, 33 Extension of time 33 Notice of sale 21 Resolution 24 Timber sale costs 61 Transfer of credits 29 Free use 11, 67 administration 69 amount allowed each applicant 11 areas 12 u by whom granted 11 1 cutting reports 70 i disposal of timber by, under administrative use regulation 62 dfstrict forester's permits 70 limitation of cut under 1 1, 13, 67 marking the timber 69 object of 67 permit areas 69 form 80 ranger's records 70 ranger's reports 70 regulations 11 restrictions 12, 68 sale of material prohibited 12 scaling 69 schedule of rates 68 Secretary's and Forester's permita 70 special conditions in Alaska 12 supervisor's permita 70 86 INDEX. Page. Free use, temporary free-use areas 70 to whom granted 11, 67 to whom refused 11, 67 transients and emergency use 12, 68 valuation of material 68 without permit 12 Fungus-infected timber, brush from, disposal of 49 Future stand to be considered before making sale 37 General notice sales 22 Ground burning. See Brush disposal. Ground rot 54 Heart rot 53 Improvements. See also Camps and improvements. exchange of timber for services, etc., in building, prohibited. 62 use of timber in making 10, 62 Insect-infested timber, disposal of brush from. 49 disposal of, under administrative use 62 on mining locations 38 special clauses for, in contracts 44 Installment payments 8 Letters of transmittal, general 30 rangers' sales 15 supervisor's advertised sales 17 Limitation of annual cut 7, 13 basis for determining 13 district office procedure 14 supervisor to recommend 13 to be considered before examination of timber 36 imder free use 11, 13, 67 Line trees. See Marking. Local supply, future, no sale to endanger 38 Locations. See Mining locations. Locomotives, steam, use of on National Forests 10 Logging costs, data on, in proposed sales 42 Logging methods, to be considered in examination of timber 37 Log lengths. See Scaling. Ijogs. See Scaling. Map, proposed sale, preparation of 41 ranger's sale 15 supervisor's unadvertised sale 16 Marking 9, 45 by supervisors 46 care to be exercised in determining method 47 check 48 clean cutting 48 demonstration to purchaser 46 diameter limits 47 district marking board 46 experienced men for 46 free use timber 69 instructions, general 46 mature and defective trees 47 methods 45 policy, general 47 seed trees, when left 47 timber on claims 48 trees to be left with crowns free 47 witness and line trees 48 Marking ax 9 Marking board , district 46 Maximum and minimum prices 7, 14, 39 basis for determining 14 district office procedure 14 supervisors to recommend 14 Maximum cut. See Limitation of annual cut. Measuring. See Scaling. Merchantable material, defined 52 Milling costs, data on, in proposed sales 42 INDEX. 87 Page. Miners, free use to 11, 12, 67 Minimum and maximum prices. 7, 14, 39 Mining locations, insect-infested timber on 38 timber on 38 unmarked 39 Miscellaneous products, sale of 58 how reported 60 Mistakes, correction of, in advertisement 21 Modification of contracts. See Contracts. Monopoly, prevention of 9 sale apportioned to prevent 38 Nomenclature 42 Notice of appeal, time within which it may be filed 10, 59 Notice of sale. See Advertisement. Numbering logs 50 Organizations, cooperative, of settlers, free use to 11, 12 Payments. See also Deposits, and Letters of transmittal. installment 8 must be made in advance of cutting 8, 27 postponement of, not allowed 30 under timber settlement 11, 65 for timber on claims 39, 65 Permanent improvements. See Improvements. Permits, card record of administrative use, in supervisor's office 02 district forester's free use 70 duration of free use 68 Forester's and district forester's administrative use 62 form for administrative use 63 rangers record of administrative use 64 Secretary's and Forester's free use 70 super\asor's administrative use 62 supervisor's free use 70 Piling brush. See Brush disposal. Pin dote 54 Postponement brush piling. See Brush disposal. Preliminary plans, proposed sales to be checked with 36 Prices, maximum and minimum 7, 14, 39 Private sale 9, 14, 27 Procedure, advance cutting 26 district forester's sales 18 Forester's sales 20 ranger's sales, in supervisor's office 15 supervisor's advertised sales, in district office 18 supervisor's unadvertised sales 16 timber settlement, on Forests 65 Prospectors, free use to 11, 12, 67 Protection from stock after cutting completed 37 Publicity in large sales 23 Punky sap 55 Railroad lands 39 Rangers sales. See Timber sales. Rates, schedule of, for free use material 68 Ravages, disposal of timber to prevent 10 Records and reports. See also Cutting reports. administrative use record, supervisor's 62 rangers 64 annual report 60 appeals, record of 59 converting factors, use of, in preparing reports 60 cost data 61 form for reporting 61 cutting reports 59 district forester's and Forester's sales, supervisor's record of 18 district forester's monthly report 60 district forester's record supervisor's sales 18 miscellaneous products, sale of, how reported 60 modifications of contract, record of 34 88 INDEX. Page. Records and reports, rangers free use record 70 reports 70 ranger's sales record 15 reports of timber cut under administrative use 64 timber settlement 66 scale record, supervisor's office 60 scale reports 59 Bummarj' timber sale record 60 super\dsor's advertised sales record 16 timber cut and sold, report of 60 Refunds 8,23,28 Removal, period allowed for 36, 40 "Removed," defined 36 Repeated sales unadvertised timber prohibited 16 Reports. ISee Cutting reports, and Records and reports. Resolution, form of corporate 24 Restrictions under free use 12, 68 Right of way, timber cut, damaged, killed, etc., on 10 Road districts, free use to 11, 12 Roads, use of timber in construction of, on National Forests 10 Rot, dote appearing in knots 55 ground or stump 54 imiform center or circular 53 Sales. See also Administration of sales and Timber sales. miscellaneous forest products 58 Sample contracts in district forester's and Forester's sales 18, 20 Sap, blue 55 punky or unsound 55 Scale reports. See Records and reports, and Timber sales. Scale rule. See also Scribner Decimal "C " log rule. special for Alaska and west slope of Cascades 51 Scaling 50 check on total number of logs 50 check scale 58 factors considered 51 blue sap 55 cat face 54 circular shake 54 crotches 56 curve and sweep 55 deep checks or seams 55 deep spiral checks 55 defects in logs 52 defects in side of log 54 dote appearing in knots 55 finding diameters 52 ground or stump rot 54 measuring log lengths 52 merchantable material 52 pin dote 54 punky or unsound sap 55 uniform center or circular rot 53 unnecessary loss in manufacture not considered 52 free use material 69 lagging 58 log lengths 50 mill scale studies 58 numbering logs 50 poles, posts, etc 58 prohibition against removal before 9, 50 requirements of purchasers 50 scale rule 9) 50 Scribner Decimal "C " log rule tables 56 shakes and shingle bolts 58 special rule for Alaska and west slope of Cascades 51 stamping logs 50 material other than saw timber 58 INDEX. 89 Scaling tables, division of long logs 51 loss due to defect 53 Scribner Decimal ' ' C " log rule 56 ties 58 Scattering brush. See Brush disposal. School districts, free use to 11, 12 School lands 39 Scribner Decimal "C " log rule, all timber to be scaled by 9, 50 tables 56 Seams, deep 55 Seedlings, wild, sale of 58 how reported 60 Seed trees, where left 47 Seized material, sale of 27 Settlement. See Timber settlement. Settlers, cooperative organizations of, free use to 11, 12 free use to 11, 12, 67 Shake, circular 54 Size of sale, basis for determining 38 Skidding logs for scaling 50 Sound material, defined 52 Spark arresters, when required 10 Special use, timber cut, damaged, etc., in connection with 10 Special uses connected with sales 35 Spiral checks, deep 55 Stamping, by Forest officer only 9 logs after scaling 50 timber before removal 9 Stand, future, to be considered before making sale 37 Standard rates, schedule of, for free use material 68 Steam engines or locomotives, use of, on National Forests 10 Stock, protection from, after cutting completed 37 Stone. See Free use. Stump rot 54 Stumpage prices ._ 7, 14, 39 Supervision. See also Administration of free use and sales. cutting under administrative use 63 Supervisor's sales. See Timber sales. Sureties. See also Bonds. consent of, to modifications 30 form 31, 33 Sweep or curve 55 Tal)les, division of long logs 51 loss due to defect 53 Scribner Decimal "C" log rule 56 Timber sales 7, 13 advance cutting 8, 25 annual cut, limitation of 7, 13 appeals 10, 59 appraisal of timber 7, 39 authority to make 7 ])onds JO, 24 classification of sales 14 by advertisement 14 by amount 14 conditions of sale 9 deposits 8, 28 disposal by sale, under administrative use regulation 62 district forester's and Forester's 7, 18 advance cutting 19 advertisement, report of 19 application 18, 20 changes in 18 bids and awards 19 bond 19 card record 18 contract 19 sample 18, 20 90 INDEX. Page. Timber sales, district forester's and Forester's notice of sale 19 work which may be required of supervisors 20 exportation of timber 9 installment payments 8 modifications of contracts 8, 30 payments 8, 27, 30, 39, 65 prevention of monopoly 9, 38 prices, maximum and minimum 7, 14, 39 private sale 9, 14, 27 rangers 15 closing 15 contract 15 cutting reports 15 maps and forest description 15 modification of contract ; 15 procedure supervisor's office 15 refunds 8, 23, 28 super-visor's advertised 16 advance cutting 17 application 16 bids and awards 17 bonds 17 closing 17 contracts 17 district forester's record 17 letter of transmittal 17 notice of sale 16 procedure district office 18 report of advertisement 17 supervisor's unadvertised 16 maps and forest description 16 may not exceed $100 16 procedure 16 repeated sales prohibited 16 time limits 10, 36, 40 use of steam engines or locomotives 10 Timber settlement 10, 65 closing 66 cutting reports 66 defined 65 deposits 66 how reported 66 payment on basis of estimate or scale 65 for timber on claims 65 procedure on Forest 65 regulation 10 special clauses in forms or stipulations 66 utilization 66 when referred to district forester 66 Tinie limits for cutting and removal under sales 10, 36, 40 Trails, use of timber in construction of, on National Forests 10 Transfer of deposits 29 Transients, free use by 12, 68 Trespassers, free use to 11 award of sales to 9 Turpentine, sale of 58 how reported 60 Unadvertised sales. See Timber sales. Unsound sap 55 Utilization 40, 52, 66, 71 Verbal modification of contracts prohibited 30 Witnesses to execution of contract, etc 24 Witness trees. See Marking. Working plans, proposed sales to be checked with 36 ^- LB 12