JUNE, 1895. ALL-AM ATHLETICS BY HARRY CORNISH, Professor of Athletics, Chicago A. A. PUBLISHED BY THE SSP9RB PUBLISHING C9 ^RPADWAY ftEW YQRK ,„ Yerk Pest Otf", M. y„ a s Stand Class Malltr, SIFFKI ompiled by JAMES E. SULLIVAN. e the Latest Official Rules for the Government of all of Sport. The Most Complete and Up-to-Date Book Published. Contains Rules Governing Archery, Basket Ball, Bicycling, Bowls, Skit- tles, Bowling, Lawn Tennis, Canoeing, Cricket, Croquet, Court Tennis, Curling, Fenc- ing, Foot Ball, Gym- nastics, Golf, Hitch- and-Kick, Hand Ball, A.A.U. General Rules, A. A. U. Athletic Rules, Badminton, Bet- ting, Boxing — Mar- quis of Queensberry Rules, London 'Prize Ring Rules ; Broad- sword(Mounted) Rules, Gaelic Association, La- crosse, National Rifle Association, Pi tol and Revolver Shooting, In- animate Target Shoot- ing, Live Bird Shoot- ing, Hockey, Polo (Water), Polo Associa- tion Rules, Polo(Rink), Quoiting, Racing — Po- tato, Sack, Obstacle, Three Legged ; Dog Racing, Pigeon Flying, Rowing, Racquets, Sheffield Rules, Skat- ing, Snow-Shoeing, Shuffieboard, Wrestling — Collar-and-Elbow, Catch-as-catch-can, Grseco-Roman, Devonshire, Side Hold, Cum- berland and Westmoreland, Cross-Country Rules, etc., etc Price, postpaid, 50c. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., ' Chicago* Philadelphia. Nev SPALDING'S ATHLETIC SHUTS II PUNTS FOR RUNNING, JUMPING, WALKING AND ATHLETIC SPORTS. SHIRTS. Sleeveless Shirts. No. | E. Worsted, best quality, full fashioned, . . . $2.75 : J No. 600. Cut Worsted, full fash- ioned, . . . $1.75 No. 6E. 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A BOOK DEVOTED TO THE SCIENCE OF ALL-AROUND ATH- LETICS. PROPER DIMENSIONS OF AN ALL-AROUND ATHLETE, AND THE MUSCLES USED IN EACH EVENT. AMOUNT OF WORK TO BE DONE EACH DAY. TRAINING AND DIETING. GROWTH AND DECAY OF MUSCULAR POWER. TREATMENT OF ACCIDENTS OCCURRING IN TRAINING. r ^ FULLY ILLUSTRATED. 1'UBLISHKO BY AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING CO 241 Broadway, New York. Entered according to Act of Conress, in the year 1895, by The American Sports Publishing Co., IN THE >FFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS, AT WASHINGTON. ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. Introduction. There are ten events on the programme of the Ail-Around Athletic Championship of America, namely : the 100-yard dash, high jump, long jump, pole jump, throwing 16-pound hammer, putting 16-pound shot, throwing 56-pound weight, 120-yard hurdle race, half-mile walk and one-mile run. The com- petitor who can score the highest percentage on the programme wins the title of Ail-Around Champion. It at times happens though that a man not proficient in all the events will make a good showing; as for instance, a man may bo a first-class weight-thrower and a poor runner or jumper; and on the other hand a good sprin- ter may be a bad weight- thrower; then in both cases the mark scored in their par- ticular specialty will par- tially make up for their deliciency in the other events. How- ever, we have found that the winner was generally a man who could average a fair performance through the programme. We live in an age of athletic wonders, and in order to be in the front rank we should stick to one particular form of ath- letics. But there are men who can perform at everything and be first-class at one event ; and to those and others of fair all- around ability we direct the following remarks and suggest a fixed routine for their guidance. POLE-VAULTING. A. A. JORDAN. Alili-AKOUND ATHLETICS. 5 Proper Dimensions of an Ail-Around Athlete and the Muscles Used in Each Event. The following measurements will be found a fair average of the dimensions of an all-around athlete, and may be taken as a fair guide of what the proportions of the limbs should be respectively : Height. . . . 5 ft. 6 in. 5 ft. 8 in. 5 ft. 10 in. 6 ft. Weight.. . 120 lbs. 140 lbs. 155 lbs. 1G8 lbs. Chest 35 in. 37 in. 39 in. 40 in. Waist 27 in. 28 in. 20 in. 31 in. Hips 34 in. &5% in. 37 in. 38 in. Thigh 20 in. 21 in. 22 in. 23 in. Calf 13% in. 14 in. 14% in. 15 in. As regards the muscles that are used in the various exer- cises, it may be remarked that though perhaps in any one exercise nearly all the principal muscles of the body are brought into action, yet there are two or three on which the real strain comes, and on the strength and quickness of which most of the proficiency depends. In high jumping, the front muscles of the thigh are princi- pally used. They are attached at one end to the top part of the thigh bone, at the other to the knee cap, which passes over the knee and is fixed to the top part of the shin bone. In the act of jumping, theso muscles contract violently, and straighten the leg with a jerk, the quickness of which mainly contributes to the height of the jump. In long jumping, the muscles of the back part of the thigh are used ; front muscles are also used. These are attached to the back part of the shin bone at one end, and to the lower part of the pelvis at the other, and by contracting, draw the leg backwards on the trunk. This action is also assisted by the glutseris maximus, which is fixed at one end of the top part of the thigh, at the other to the lowest part of the verte- bras column. In long-distance running, the front and back muscles of the thigh are used in equal proportions ; the former in raising the body at every stride, the latter in propelling it forward. But in the case of running on the toes, the calf of the leg will be E, W. GOFF. ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. 7 the weak part; so much so that no amount of practice will enable some men to run any distance on their toes. In sprinting-, the front muscles of the thigh, which lie near- est to the trunk, bring the leg forward in the rapid repetition of the strides. These are a different set from those that straighten the leg, and are used in long-distanco running; they are attached at one end to the lower and front part of tho A Kt'B BETWEEN EVENTS. ORTON FINISHING A MILE RUN'. pelvis, and at the other end to the hip part of the thigh bone. The back muscles of the thigh are the same that are used in long-distance running for propelling the body forward. A narrow pelvis is a great assistance in this, as indeed in all running; for on the narrowness of the pelvis facility in re- peating the strides principally depends. In throwing the hammer and 56, more depends on the swing than on the strength of any particular muscle, though the strain comes more particularly on the small of the back, that is, on the muscles which raise and keep the back erect, and are attached to all the vertebras of the spine. M. O'SULLIVAN. ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. 9 111 putting the shot, the muscles called particularly into action are the front part of the deltoid, which is attached to the top part of the arm, and at the other end to the collar bone, and brings the arm upwards and forward ; the top part of the pectoral muscle, which also runs from the top of the arm to the collar bone, and brings the arm forward; the tri- ceps, which are fixed at one end of the shoulder and shoulder blade and at the other end of t 1 e fore-arm, below the elbow, CRUM WINNING IN IOO YARDS CHAMPIONSHIP. MAY 25, 1895. and extend the arm at the elbow joint. The put is also as- sisted by a simultaneous spring with the legs and a rapid move of the body. In walking, the muscles of the whole body are brought into action more than in any other exercise we have alluded to. The arms and back assist the legs greatly in changing the balance of the body and in bringing the hips forward at each stride. The calf of the leg has much work to do, even as much as in running on the toes. The muscle, however, that suffers most is that which rises on the outside of the shin-bone, near the knee, and runs down the leg, crossing the shin near the ankle, to be inserted near the inside of the sole of the foot. This muscle rises the foot, and draws it back towards the leg M. W. FORD. ALL-ABOUND ATHLETICS. 11 at the end of the stride, and also points the heel at the com- mencement; so that in fast walking it has no rest, and con- sequently becomes very painful. The front ami back muscles of the thigh also come in for a large ^hare of the work. Amount of Work to do each Day. Before a man begins to train for the all-around champion- ship he should have a good substratum of health and strength HICKOK PUTTING THE SHOT. MITCHELL THROWING 56-LB. WEIGHT. to start upon. If he is out of condition, and fat and flabby from laziness and high living, it will do him no harm to take several Turkish baths at intervals to begin with. Some smart five-mile walks followed by a good rubbing down with a rough towel will soon make him fit to begin his training, if he has in the meantime kept regular hours and lived on a modicum of good healthy food of the kind which he is usually accustomed. Without this preliminary care, not only will ho W. R. THOMPSON. ALL- ABOUND ATHLETICS. 13 get stiff and jaded by beginning violent exercise too quickly, but he will incur the greatest possible chance of straining or snapping a muscle, and thus placing himself hors de combat for a season. Granting, however, that our aspirant is, from the effects of football, walking, or tennis, in fair ordinary con- dition, we will follow his course through the different events and for each day of the week. Monday— The athlete should practice about fifteen start of the hundred yards. As it is now admitted on all sides HURDLE RACE, that starting on ail-fours is the safest method. The com- petitor can hold his mark for any length of time, and will always have full confidence in himself. He should dig a hole for both feet, one about nine inches behind the other. When on his mark he should hold his legs well up under his body, as the straighter the knees are the more strength will be im- parted to the thighs in propelling the body forward. This sprinting practice should end with the athlete running about seventy-five yards at full speed. Without delay he should then essay live or six starts over the hurdles. The obstacles should be placed the regulation distance from each other, and 14 ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. the trainer should at all times remember and clear them without hesitation. Two or three hurdles are enough at each start. Immediately he should take some trials at the 16-pound shot and hammer. Six trials at each weight must be taken and these alternately. We do not, for a moment, intend to offer any advice on the best method or advocate any particular style in this work for the matter has been exhaustively dealt with by experts in two numbers of this library, notably— the GOFF BROAD-JUMPING. 13uckholtz starting for the Pole-vault. Athletes' Guide and College Athletics. However, we would advise that the hammer be swung as loose as possible, and the strength of the body be brought in to play in the effort of putting the shot. A shower bath or good sponging should be taken immediately; and followed by a brisk toweling. Tuesday— Eunning broad jump, pole jump and throwing the 56-pound weight should be the order on Tuesday. The running broad jump requires less preparation than any other event on the programme, consequently, if the athlete be a fair juniper, four or live trials will suffice. He should try and get up in the air as much as possible. A good plan to practice ALL- AROUND ATHLETICS. 15 this important feature is to stretch a line across the landing turf about eighteen inches high and about seventeen feet from the take-off. To clear this at each trial will give the habit of getting well up in the air. The pole jump should be com- menced at a height of about seven feet, and gradually raised until the limit is reached, when the athlete should retire to the 56-pound weight. This is an event that requires the least THROWING THE HAMMER. indulgence of any on the all-around programme; only six or seven trials should be taken. The weight should be swung with both hands over the head, and great care should be ex- ercised, as even the strongest performers at the game are constantly liable to strain. Tuesday's work should wind up with a gentle jog of half a mile, well up on the toes, and fol- lowed with a bath and rub down. Wednesday— The day's work should commence with some high jumping, followed by starts and sprints over the hurdles. Putting the shot and throwing the hammer should be again indulged in, and a half-mile walk at a good lively gait 16 ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. Thursday— Pole jumping and broad jumping, followed up by a three-quarter mile run at a lively gait in order to bring on a fair perspiration. Friday— This should be practically a day of rest, but it is best to do a little at the 56-pound weight and a walk of one mile. The whole programme should be gone through on Saturday, when the athlete should be assisted by a friend or two who will act as timers and measurers. To some this might appear to be too much on a Saturday, but the rest of the Sunday fol- lowing will bring the athlete back again to his old condition. Training and Dieting. Of the very oldest system of training, which is now thor- oughly obselete, little need bo said, as no amateur of recent years has thought of following it. It was a method which ALL-AEOUND ATHLETICS. 17 may be called pre-athletic, as it was, in fact, nothing but adopted for training for the prize ring. The -weight was to be reduced to its minimum at all hazards; the liquid consumed was to be a maximum of two pints a day ; the edibles were al- most entirely meat and bread, and the natural physical result of such a diet was counteracted by daily purging medicines. Sweating, meat eating and purging constituted the old system RUNNING HIGH JUMP, of training ; and those who wonder how such a custom could ever have been adopted must recollect that it was chiefly ap- plied to men of the lower class, used to coarse food, and with no highly organized nervous system. It needs no argument to show that such a method could not be beneficial, or even practicable, to an amateur who takes up athletic sports as a recreation and not as a business. However, while from the first amateurs admitted that the old plan was wrong, a movement happened which is well known to historians— the old creed was overthrown. 18 AIiIj-AROUND athletics. There is certainly this apparent justification for the tradi- tional course, that, as a rule, people in modern times do not adopt as frugal and temperate a habit of diet as they should, and a great many of them are either without the inclination or without the opportunity of taking sufficient exercise. There is no reason why an athlete who desires to get fit should lead other than a natural life, or alter an ordinary natural diet more than is rendered necessary by the increased amount of exercise which he has to take. Another difficulty which arises in laying down any regimen for training is the indubitable physical fact that no two men are alike in their internal economy any more than they are in their outward features; and when proverbial philosophy informs us that " one man's food is another man's poison," it becomes impos- sible to speak merely from practical experience with any ab- solute confidence. When, however, it is understood that the problem," What should an athlete eat and drink when in train- ing?" resolves itself into nothing more than this, " What is healthy diet for a young man who wants to get his muscles hard and keep his wind good?" it will be seen that it should not be difficult to give some short and simple rules for guid- ance. The staple articles of an athlete's diet should be composed of plain-cooked meats and a reasonable quantity of fresh fruit and vegetables. Beef, mutton and chickens are more digesti- ble than veal and pork, and should be more frequently eaten, as indeed is the case in ordinary life; but to treat veal and pork as so much poison, as some trainers do, is simply silly. Taken occasionally by a man who is accustomed to them, they form a pleasing change, and, where a healthy man has an ap- petite for any food, one can pretty safely say that he can digest it. Fish is light and nutritious, and may judiciously bo taken at any meal in the day. Soft-boiled eggs are both light and wholesome, but to eat them on the top of a heavy feed of steak or chops is a huge mistake, and leads to the usual re- sult of over-feeding— biliousness. The most rigid of the trainers of the present day give chops or steaks and eggs for breakfast ; beef or mutton and vegetables for lunch; and beef or mutton again for dinner, together with stewed fruit and rice or bread pudding. This is a good sample of diet, wo have no doubt; but variety is ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. . 19 pleasing, and as soon as any food, however healthy, begins to pall, it should be changed for something which, although less digestible, will please, and therefore reinvigorates the trainee. Eegarding eatables common sense tells a man that heavy pastry, or "stodgy " sweet puddings, or highly spiced dishes, are not healthy food, and that the less that is taken of them the better for an athlete ; but, at the same time, one requisite for a healthy diet is that a man should like it. Porridge makes an admirable dish for breakfast, but not to a man who doesn't like it. Pepper and mustard may possibly be delete- rious to the coats of the stomach, and tea without sugar may possibly be healthier than tea with sugar ; but if a man dis- likes his beef without mustard, or his tea without sugar, he had much better use these codiments than go without them, .and he will do well to have kidneys and bacon for breakfast rather than to force down his throat the admirable porridge which he may not happen to like. Nothing which is unpala- table should be eaten as a duty. Many men in training have the chief meal in the middle of the day, and a great many doctors recommend this as more healthy, saying that the digestion is stronger in the earlier part of the day, and that when the body is jaded after the day's work it is not fair to put a strain upon the digestion in its weakened state. Whether this view be right we do not pretend to say, and content ourselves with offering the prac- tical advice that the athlete should dine at that hour when he feels most hungry. Men who are accustomed to dine in the evening may, we think, advantageously stick to their old practice wlien in training, and take their chief meal after their day's work. Of one thing we feel convinced, that a man in training (unless his consumptive powers are as abnormal as those of Milo of Crotona) does not want a heavy lunch and a heavy dinner as well. If he dine in the middle of the day, his breakfast and supper should be lighter in proportion, and if he dine late he will only want a light lunch of a chop or a plate of cold beef and vegetables, with little or nothing else. On the whole we prefer the system of a good breakfast, light lunch, and a moderate dinner after the day's work. Another important item in the daily life of the trainee is the amount of liquid he should take. He should never drink between meals unless ho is absolutely thirsty, in which case 20 ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. he should drink to assuage his thirst and not for enjoyment; and at meal times he should drink as much as he reasonably feels a craving for. If the drink be unnaturally stinted, the man will soon break down, his skin ■will get unhealthy, and his sleep and digestion will be impaired. Doubtless it is quite true that a couple of good-sized cups of tea at breakfast, half a pint of sound ale or beer for lunch and a pint at dinner is enough for most men in training ; but to hold that a man who finds himself parched after his exercise at 4 o'clock is to wait until his dinner at 6 o'clock before he can touch a drop of liquid is to turn a useful generalization into a ridiculous rule. Crowth and Decay of Muscular Power. The food, after maceration by the teeth, and solution by the action of the saliva, gastric and other juices, is taken up by a system of vessels, and mingling with the nervous blood, it is carried to the heart, whence it is sent to the lungs to be aer- ated, and back again by another set of vessels to the heart, to be finally pumped through the arteries to all parts of the body, carrying materials for the repair of the tissue, and pro- duction of heat. In the very minute terminatious of the capilliary arteries in those structures, where the molecular change of the body goes on, the current of the blood is very slow, to enable the warmth and sustenance of the body to be kept up by the chemical actions of distribution and reproduc- tion of tissue, the oxygen in the arterial blood obtained from the lungs is carried throughout the system and assists these actions, therefore, perfect respiration and pure air are great promotors of change of tissue. This shows the necessity of the blood being in a sufficiently liquid state to hold gases and nutritive matter in solution for the purposes of oxidizing tis- sue, and of forming flesh. The amount of water in the blood determines, to a great extent, the health of the body, the blood being the organ of the vital processes of change; the severe restrictions on liquid imposed on those in training, who, by arduous exercise, waste much tissue and need much repair, are, therefore, physiologically wrong. The action of the air on the skin stimulates the secretion and exercise, and by indirectly raising the heat of the body, it induces ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. 21 perspiration, which is nature's remedy to keep the tem- perature of the body constant. Evaporation and secretion require water. On a daily average, two pounds of water are thrown off by the skin in moderate exercise. Water forms seventy per cent, of the whole body, and for the digestive fluids, the proportion of water to solid is as 12 to 1. Liquidity is necessary also, for the actual processes of decay and repair, by causing the passage of fluids of different densities through the various animal membranes from the oxidation of nervous blood in the moist air of the lung cells to the repair of the tissues by the smallest capillary in the extremities. Want of liquid causes a stagnation of the circulation, and an inflammatory state of the body, and it excites the nervous system to an extraordinary degree, owing to this want, under the usual system of training regimen, the body is frequently in a state of fever about the second week, until, either the trainer gives up the preparation, or his constitution had tem- porarily accommodated itself to the change at the expense of his vital energy. The nourishment of the body by the food taken is important in its regard to health, and in its variety. The primary ob- ject of. food is to form blood, and according to the condition in which the body receives it, greater or less nutriment, at the same expense of vital activity, will be obtained. The as- sistance of nature, by proper cooking and careful selection of articles, is in our own hands. Our vegetables should be well cooked, and the animal food should be done so as to retain the juices of the meat. Let it be rather under than overdone ; brown meat is more nutritious than white. If the digestion is good, the athlete need not be particular as to description of food; rich sauces are not to be recommended, or even heavy puddings, but jellies and light ones are most acceptable. A healthy, robust man, in hard work, may eat anything in moderation. The food should be well masticated, to enable the saliva to dissolve the starchy matter in it, and also to prevent a sudden loading of the stomach. The blood during digestion is principally employed about the stomach ; exercise or mental work therefore directly after a meal will retard the operation of digestion by taking away the blood to the limbs or brain. The time of taking meals, and the quantity at each may vary with each individual. Two good meals a day and 22 ALL-ABOUND ATHLETICS. one light one are sufficient for any athlete. It is better not to drink between meals, and at meals, to sip the liquor, not to bolt it. After severe exercise, a good night's rest is indis- pensable, and we would fix eight hours as the minimum. By sleep, fresh energy, muscular and nervous, is stored up for the next period of activity. The internal organs still con- tinue their round of motion in a diminished degree, but those of locomotion which have been severely taxed in the daytime are at perfect rest, and need it in proportion to their past ex- ertion. Great mental activity requires much repose ; and we find that the athlete of nervous temperament in hard exercise requires nine or ten hours' rest. In the winter more sleep is required than in summer, from the fact that the activity of the system in keeping up its warmth, etc., though of shorter duration, is greater; while, as a rule, in summer a certain amount of rest is taken at in- tervals in the daytime. Sleep after food is often required by nervous persons of weak digestion, but the robust athlete is better without it, an amusing book, light study, etc., taking its place. Before going to bed, if a hearty meal has been eaten, a short turn in the open air will be beneficial in cooling the system. It is a mistaken innovation of the age to have fresh, cold air in a bedroom at night, the stimulus given to the lungs by continued supplies of oxygen tends to increase the waste of the body, to abstract its warmth, and to prevent the repose of the system, which is essential to its renovation. The ventilation of a bedroom at night is amply provided for by a chimney; in rooms without air the window may be slightly opened at the top. Since warm air induces sleep and restraining waste x it seems fairly to be inferred that during the period of repose, the waste of the tissue and the abstrac- tion of warmth from the body, can be lessened by keeping off the cold night air. A glance at the habits of animals who crowd together for warmth during sleep will show the force of our argument. We are not dealing with any cases of ill- health, etc., when the object is to remove the impure air con- taining the germs of infection as soon as possible. A mattress gives the soundest sleep ; the quantity of clothing should bo sufficient to keep up a gentle exhalation from the skin. Wo have not placed any limit as to the amount of food at each meal; the quantity must vary with the exercise, weather and ALL-ABOUND ATHLETICS. 23 constitution of each individual. Instinct prompts us to re- plenish the furnace, for if there is no fuel in the furnace the human engine consumes its own structure. It has been proved by the experiments of Ghossat that the body in daily work loses about 1-24 of its weight, and that life ceases when the waste has reduced it to three-fifths of its original weight. In the nerves, however, the loss is hardly perceptible, while the fat suffers in double the proportion of the muscle, 'oo and 45 per cent, respectively. This may well explain the nervous excitability of the body when kept beyond its regular time for food, or when supplied with food of deficient quality. The arrangement of the in- ternal mechanism must go on, respiration continues, circula- tion and heat result, at the expense of the machine itself. By regularity in meals the stomach accommodates itself to the change of action and repose, and the system harmonizes with it. In discussing the improvement of health, the principal or- gans of the body will next demand consideration, their actions in intent being sufficiently identical for the purposes of de- scription : though they vary, however, in snch an amazing degree in their character and quality as to become a study of great importance to those physiologically interested in train- ing. The peculiar nature of life, its unknown source, and its relation to circumstances, make the laying down of funda- mental rules in detail for its improvement beyond the sub- stance of our remarks. The operation of external forces, viz., air, heat, food, etc., on an organized mechanism, contribute principally to the production of vital force, and, to a certain extent, their action can be reduced to rules. But why this subtle force should be so capricious in its quantity and quality we are at a loss to know. The training off of an athlete is often a direct loss of vital energy from one cause or another, as it is of an actual reduction of muscular substance. Both cases occur, and the reasons we can assign are frequently correct; but why two athletes, organized machines under the same exterior circumstances, and, with a preparation, for the Sake of hypothesis, equally favorable to eaoh, of the same weight, height and measurement, should be invariably dif- ferent in power and endurance in a contest, we can ascribe to nothing but the specific vital force of each individual. 24 ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. This fact is much overlooked in all preparations for athletic contests wnere a severe strain is put upon the constitution, as in running, jumping and weight throwing. W hen so delicate a structure as the human body is submit- ted to the operation of air, food and exercise, so powerful for evil, as Bellas for good, it may be supposed that every possi- ble variety in vital motions thence resulting will be displayed. Excess, defect, or nice adjustment here play a more impor- tant part in affecting health than they do in the construction of the organism itself. The forces employed to drive the ma- chinery require more care in application than is necessary, or even possible, in the securing of a good constitution of the machine itself The latter we have to take as we find it. The former are placed by Providence very much under our con- trol. And it is upon their proper use or abuse that all of health taken individually, which we have it in our power to influence, depends. Treatment of Accidents Occurring in Training. Blisters on the hands and feet occur — on the hands from throwing the 5(Mb. weight and hammer, and on the feet from walking or running, in both cases without due precaution. When on the hands they should be pricked with a hue needle— if this can be done before they have burst. The needle should be inserted obliquely, and the watery fluid contained in the blister should then be pressed out; and this should be repeated as soon as the blister has filled a second or third time. In this way the contact of the air is avoided, and in two days the true skin becomes protected by a new cuticle or scarf-skin. If, un- fortunately, the blister is broken, the best plan is to apply some collodion with a brush; but it gives considerable pain, and seldom remains on more than six hours, after which time it requires renewal. If possible, some time should elapse before the hammer or weight is taken in hand and then a kid glove should be worn. When the feet are the seat of the mischief, there is the same necessity for the preservation of the cuticle, and the needle should be used in the same way; if, however, this protect Ion fe removed, a piece of fine kid should be spread with soap plaster, and applied over the skin, extending for at least half an inch beyond the blister in every direction. This treatment ALL-ABOUND ATHLETICS. 25 answers on the feet, while on the hands it is wholly useless, because the friction of the hammer handle soon rubs off the plaster while under the shoe it remains tolerably well and smoothly applied. Corns and Bunions— Blisters are troublesome enough to the athlete, but corns are a thousand times worse. The for- mer are only temporary evils, while the latter are a perpetual cause of discomfort and misery. Corns are of two kinds, hard and soft; and this distinction is not only dependent upon situation, as some people imagine, for the essence and even the cause of a soft corn are entirely different and distinct from those producing the hard variety. The soft corn only occurs between the toes, and partakes more of a warty charac- ter than that of the true corn. There is really a growth of the cutis or true skin, which shoots up some little sprouts covered with a cheesy matter, and these become exquisitely painful if pressed upon by the adjoining toe. On the other hand, the true or hard corn is simply an effort of nature to protect a part unduly pressed upon ; but the effort is carried to an inordinate extent. It is an over secretion or formation of cuticle, which, as it becomes thicker and harder, is again pressed into the influenced cutis by the shoe, and thus, by acting as a foreign body, aggravates the mischief, and causes it also to react on itself, by increasing the already inordinate secretion of cuticle. Thus these causes act and react on each other, till you often find a deep process of hardened cuticle driven into the skin, and which is often called the root of the corn. But it must be understood that these do not grow first, but are the last results of a very obstinate aud long-stand- ing mischief. In all cases, the corn, first of all, has no root whatever ; its growth is not from within outwards, but from without inwards, and the term " root," therefore, is misap- plied. Bunions are different in appearance and character from either hard or soft corns ; they are frequently caused by pressure, but in them the skin is not the seat of the inflamma- tion, but the synovial bag on the inner side of the ball of the great toe, or sometimes on the outer side of the foot or on the instep. In all cases they are soft, pulpy, bag-like projections, often, though not always, without hardness or roughness of skin. They are attended with great pain and tenderness, and cause considerable lameness. 26 ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. The treatment of soft corns should be as follows : "With the nail pick off as much of the cheesy matter as can be removed; then, if the next day can be given up apply a piece of lunar caustic to the surface, rubbing it pretty well in, but avoiding contact with the adjoining skin. After this keep a piece of cotton between the toes night and day, and it will be found that after twenty-four hours' rest all pain will have disap- peared, the surface will have lost its moisture, and will have become hard, black and dry. If the cotton is renewed daily this state of ease will be maintained for a week or ten days; but then it is necessary to pick off the blackened surface and re-apply the caustic, again using the cotton. This second ap- plication will probably last a fortnight, but by that time the edges of the blackened cuticle becomes loose, and the applica- tion should be repeated; but not till three weeks have elapsed. In this way by three or four applications the most obstinate and painful set of corns yield to treatment, and become per- manently cured ; but the skin between the toes should be kept constantly washed and rubbed with a soft towel, so as to re- move every particle of secretion daily. With regard to hard corns, nothing will be effectual as a cure unless the pressure which caused them is discontinued. In that case they require very little treatment; but if it is continued, as it must be when tliey occur at the sole of the foot, the only remedies are pallia- tive, and require constant and careful repetition . Chiropodists are constantly holding certain hopes of a cure, but this is a fraud upon the unwary, and only leads to the picking of their pockets. Anyone, however, who has the use of his hands may readily treat his own corns, if he will attend to the following directions : In the first place, the cuticle should never be al- lowed to grow to such a degree as to occasion pain ; it should be carefully removed before that time, and the best instru- ment for its removal is a pair of nail-scissors ; with these a small piece of the thickened cuticle should be caught hold of and raised from its bed at the same time, then gradually closing the blades, it is removed without any great pain ; for if much is given, it is only necessary to raise the scissors still more, and, as it were, drag the corn out of its bed, when the pain ceases, and the excision of that portion is effected. After re- moving this small slice, another slice is to be taken hold of and removed in the same way, till all vestige of the hardened ALL-AROUND athletics. 27 cuticle is gone ; after which it may either be covered with a piece of wash-leather, spread with soap plaster, or left to its fate. The former is of course the better plan ; but, if the corn is removed as often and as fast as it grows, there is no neces- sity for adopting: it. This treatment will, generally suffice, but not in very obstinate cases. Such cases, however, are sel- dom adapted for training, and therefore are not within my province. Boils — These are an effort of nature to get 'rid of 'a dead piece of cellular membrane by means of inflammatory action. In consequence of some peculiar condition of the blood, of the exact nature of which very little is known, a death (or slough- ing, as it is called) of a portion of cellular membrane takes place close under the true skin; to remove this foreign body nature sets up an inflammation, which is invariably of a slow and congestive character, It appears as if the poisonous nature of the slough irritates the surrounding parts to.such a degree as in some measure to interfere with the process of absorption, and, consequently, a painful and hardened circle of swelled and reddened skin is formed around the dead cell. In most cases the thickening is so great as to stop the circu- lation of the interior of the circle and the boil remains sta- tionary for a long time. The only remedy for this condition is either the application of some stimulating greasy applica- tion, such as a linseed poultice, or the division by means of a knife. Either of these remedies more or less speedily puts an end to the inactive condition, and then a healthy suppuration goes on to remove the cell, and by throwing up fresh granulations, as they are called, to restore what has been removed. Such is the nature and ordinary treatment of a boil, but in training it is almost impossible to bear the use of a knife, if the boil is in any part that is subjected to much friction. Hemorrhoids, or as they are commonly called, piles, are very often exceedingly troublesome in training; they are generally symptomatic of congestion of the liver, and are re- lieved by those measures which remove that condition. The reason for this is obvious— the veins which return the blood to the heart from the lower bowels pass through the liver on their way, and consequently whatever impedes the passage of the blood through them has a tendency to produce the effect 28 ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. on the haernorrhoidal veins. Haemorrhoids are, in fact, vari- cose veins in the rectum, sometimes bleeding, in consequence of their wall giving way ; they are also divided into external and internal piles, the distinction, however, being only one of situation. It will be unnecessary for me to describe the ap- pearance of these troublesome little swellings, as they are so exceedingly common to be well known to almost everyone. In their treatment three points are to be attended to— first, to unload the liver; secondly, to prevent mechanical visita- tion by the presence and passage of solid forces; and, thirdly, to allay the inflammation already existing by local remedies. The first and second of these objects may generally be com- bined, but in very badly congestive state of the liver a dose or two of blue mas pills may be given in addition to this rem- edy.. It should be avoided, however, if possible, as its imme- diate effect is rather to aggravate than to allay the local irri- tation. Generally speaking, the following remedy will be the best, acting in the double capacity which I have alluded to: Take of powdered brimstone half an ounce; cream of tartar and powdered jalap, of each two drachms; powdered ginger, one drachm ; electuary of senna, three ounces ; syrup of buck- thorn, enough to make an electuary, of which one teaspoonful may be taken every night. This quantity should be increased or diminished so as to keep the bowels gently moved every day. When the bowels are usually sufficiently relaxed, but the piles are still painful, then give five grains of the confec- tion of black pepper, with an equal quantity of common pitch, night and morning, made into two pills. As a local remedy, when the irritation is great and recently come on, the use of very hot water with a sponge to the parts two or three times a day will afford great relief. This should be followed by the application of a little of the following ointment: Take of gallic acid and finely powdered opium, of each one drachm; ointment of acetate of lead, an ounce and a half. When the piles are of long standing these remedies may be used ; but, in addition, four ounces of cold water should be thrown up into the rectum immediately before each time that the bowels act. By these methods of treatment piles may almost always be relieved, and generally cured ; but on the recurrence of a disordered liver, they will be sure to reappear, and therefore that condition must be guarded against. AL.L-AKOUND ATHLETICS. 29 Acute Bheumatism is quite incompatible with training, and its treatment need not, therefore, enter into our inquiry. Chronic rheumatism, on the other hand, is constantly interfer- ing with hard work, and its attacks are anxiously to be avoided. It may be divided into muscular rheumatism and rheumatism of the joints; the former shows itself by occurrence of pain, often very severe, on the slightest movement or attempt at movement, even of the particular muscle or muscles attacked, which again are generally quite free from pain while quies- cent. On pressing upon the muscles attacked great pain and soreness occur, and the seat of the disease in this way may be discovered; on the other hand, when the ligaments around the joints, it requires the joint itself to be moved, either actively or passively, before pain is experienced. Thus, sup- posing there to be rheumatism of the arm, if the upper and lower arms are firmly grasped, so as to iix the elbow, and the patient is told to bend the elbow, if muscular rheumatism is present he will give himself even more pain than usual ; but if the joint only is affected, no pain, or much less than usual will be felt. During training, whenever rheumatism is so severe as to require internal medicine, the disease is of such a nature as to demand rest; but it often happens that local remedies will suffice, and this is particularly the case with muscular rheumatism. It is generally in those muscles which are more particularly called into play by the nature of the ex- ercise that rheumatism shows itself, and every time exercise is taken the rheumatic condition only goes off during use, to return with increased activity after a rest. In all these cases prevention is better than cure, and all unnecessary exposure of the body should be avoided, especially if in cold or wet weather. Flannel should be worn next the skin during the day, and after stripping, the coat should be put on again with- out delay. As a local remedy, one of the following may be tried, and I give them in the order of their severity, begin- ning with the mildest. First, take of tincture of capsicum half an ounce, spirits of camphor one ounce ; tincture of arnica, one drachm; mix; on using it add an equal quantity of hot brandy, and rub the part affected for a quarter of an hour. Secondly, take a liquor of ammonial, spirits of turpentine, laudanum and neatsfoot oil, equal parts; mix and rub in be- fore a good fire twice a day. These remedies will often allay 30 ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. any muscular rheumatism which may occur in training, and I have even known rheumatism, when attacking the joints, subside on the use of the last mentioned application. As I before said, more remedies are incompatible with training. Varicose Veins — By this term is meant an enlargement of the veins, generally of the leg, accompanied by a breakdown or insufficiency of the valves which are situated at short inter- vals along their course, so that the veins bulge out in places, and become much more tortuous than usual. The disease appears to depend upon some natural or rather congenital weakness in the structure of the coat of the veins; at all events we know no other cause. Many families are quite ex- empt, while others, again, are almost in every case predis- posed to their occurrence. A radical cure may often be ef- fected by the surgeon, but it is not unattended with danger. Still, few of those who suffer from them are capable of going through severe wear while afflicted in this way, and therefore, in most cases, either the operation must be done or all severe training must be abandoned. As a palliative measure, the elastic stocking may be tried, but the heat of the parts is so much increased by their use that few people wear them without suffering material incon- venience. In spite of the pain and danger of the operation, I confess that were I subject to varicose veins, I should incur both without a moment's hesitation. In some cases a thin slip of elastic band, about a quarter of an inch wide, may be worn with effect. It should be applied spirally from the top to the bottom of the leg at about two inches interval. This is not so hot as the stocking, and in mild cases acts equally well. ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. 31 Ail-Around Champions of America since 1884. POINTS. 1884— W. K. Thompson, Montreal — 1885— M. W. Ford, N. Y. A. C — 1886— M. W. Ford, N. Y. A. C 45 1887— A. A. Jordan, N. Y. A. C 36 1888— M. W. Ford, S. I. A. C 28 1889— M. W. Ford, S. I. A. C 30 1890— A. A. Jordan, N. Y. A C 41 1891— A. A. Jordan, N. Y. A. C 30 1892— M. O'Sullivan, X. A. C 45 1893— E. W. Uoff, N. J. A. C - 1894— E. W. Goff, N. J. A. C — The Champions since 1884. The following are the champions, with scores of each com- petitor, according to percentage scoring : 1884. W.K.Thompson, Montreal.5304 A. A. Jordan, N. Y 4705 M. W. Ford, N. Y 4941 J. P. Thornton 4060 1885. M. W. Ford. N. Y. 5045 A. Ing, N. Y 1695 J. J. Purcell, Dublin *4214 •Under old system of scoring Purcell won second prize. 1815. M. W. Ford, N. Y 5899 A. Ing, N. Y 4230 A. A. Jordan, N. Y 5321 J. K. Scliell, Philadelphia. .3618 J. P. 1 hornton, N. Y 4553 J. J. Van Houten, N. Y. . . .3313 1887. A. A. Jordan, N. Y. 5236 J. J. Van Houten, N.Y 4682 A. Schroeder, N. Y 4958 W.K.Thompson, Montreal .4346 M. O'Sullivan, N. Y *4161 G.Brinton, Philadelphia 3940 ♦Under old system of scoring O'Sullivan won third prize. M. W. Ford, N.Y 5161 A. Schroeder, N.Y 154 1 A. A. Jordan, N. Y 4911 M. O'Sullivan, N. Y 4014 32 AliLi-AKOUND ATHLETICS. 1889. M. W. Ford, N. Y *5186 G. R. Gray, Canada 4424 A. A. Jordan, N. Y 5520 C. Livingston, N. Y. . . Stopped A. Schroeder, N. Y 4711 M. O'Sullivan, N. Y 4669 * Under old style scoring Ford won first prize. 1890. A. A. Jordan , N.Y 5358 J. C. Devereux, N. Y . . Stopped M. O'Sullivan, N. Y 4111 E. G. Abbott, N. Y. . . .Stopped 1891. A. A. Jordan, N. Y 6189 E. W. Goff, N. Y *5464 J. J. Mooney,N.Y *5091 H. H. Baxter, N. Y. .. .Stopped M. O'Sullivan, N. Y 5229 O. Pulvermiller. N. Y 4325 •Under old style of scoring Mooney finished second and Goff fourth. 1892. M. O'Sullivan, N. Y *4464 G. Schwegler, N.Y 4566 E. W. Goff, N. Y *5232 D. Long, Boston 2965 H. K. Morrell, N.Y 4859 ♦Under old style of scoring O'Sullivan won. 1893. E. W. Goff, N. Y 4860 Friederich, N. J 3914 Schaefer, N. Y 4190 Larkin, N. Y 3841 O. Pulvermiller, N. Y 3975 1894. E. W. Goff, N. Y 5748 Butterworth 4156 Cosgrove, N.Y 5472 G. Gray, N. Y 3651 Larkin, N.Y 5434 ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. 33 MOW TO SCORE THE INDIVIDUAL ALL-AROUNP CHAMPIONSHIP. The following Is an explanation of the system by which the annual contests for the Id dividual all-around athletic championship are scored, and also the tables used by the officials. Com- piled by W. B. Curtis, and published in the Spirit of the Times The principle of the rules now in force is as follows: In each event the world's best ama- teur record is taken as a' maximum for which 1.000 points are allowed. Then a standard or limit is established, and performances equal to». or worse than these stand ards score nothing-. For performances between the maximum and the limit, points are allowed in accordance with graded scales, which we print below. For instance, the maximum for the 100-yard run is 9^s.— the world's best amateur record— and the standard or limit is 14%s. T he rum scores from 9fgs. up to 14%s.. allowing 1,000 points for 9^-j. and 42 points less for each y&9. above 9%i. For instance, 30s. scores 958 points; 10^3.. 916 points; lis., 748 points; 13s.. 328 points; 14s., 118 points; 14%s . 34 points; and H%3„ no points. For times slower than 14%3. nothing is scored. For times taster than 9^3. 1,000 is scored, and 42 additional points for each fifth of a second better than 9^s. The 1-mile run. the half mile walk and the 120-yai'd hurdle race are scored in the same manner, but each with its own maximum and limit. Again, in the running broad jump, the maxi- mum is 23ft. 6^in.— the worlds best record— and the standard or limit is 13ft. lin. The jump scores from 23ft. 6^in. down to 13ft. lin.. allowing 1.000 points for 23ft. 6»^in. and 8 points less for each inch below 23ft. 6V6in. For instance, 2 If t. scores 756 points, 20ft. 4in. 692 points. 14ft. 84; points, 13ft. 2in. 4 points, and 13ft. lin. 0. For jumps shorter than 13ft. lin. nothing is scored. For jumps longer than 23ft. 6>^in. 1,000 points are scored and 8 additional points for each inch better than 23ft 6Hin. - The running high jump, pole vault, shot- putting, hammer throwing and weight throw- ing are scored in the s&rne manner, but each with its own maximum and limit. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CONDUCT OF THE 100-YARD RUN AND 120-YARD HURDLE RACE. Ordinary timing watches cannot record any fraction of time less than a fifth of a second, 34 ALE-ABOUND ATHLETICS. and at the finish of a 100-yard run or ] 20-yard hurdle race the runners cover from 4 fee*" to 7 feet in a fifth of a second. Hence, one runner might be 3 feet or 4 feet or 5 feet or even 6 feet behind another and yet the watches would give the same time for each of the two. This '-{ or 4 or 5 or 6 feet would be worth 15 or 20 or 25 or 30 points in the hurdle race, and 21 or .,8 or 35 or 42 points in the 100 yard run. Conse- quently, in order to get a fair score, the con- testants must not be timed separately, but only the first man must be timed and the others must be scored by their distance behind the winner. The final 10 yards of the course should be marked off with whitewash lines one foot apart iust as is done at the start of handicaps. The judges should statior Chemselves in such positions as will enable them to note ac- curately the distance from the finish lirie of the second, third and fourth men at the moment the hrst man touches the tape. if tbere are only tour contestants all may be allowed to start in one heat, although heats of three won Id be better, because more easily 'and accurately judged. If there are more than four contestants, they should be divided into heats of not more than three starters. The fastest three men, as nearly as the officials can judge, should b3 placed in one heat, the next three in speed in the next heat, and so on down to the slowest three for tr.e last heat. In this way the finishes will be closer than if fast and slow men were started together, and the judging will be more accurate. When the judges announce the distances be- tween the contestants the scorers wili -allow points as follows: In the 100-yard run, to the first man the points allowed in table for his time, to the sec- ond, third and fourth men the points allowed for the first man s time, less seven points for each foot that each man is behind the winner. For instance, if the judges should reportas follows: A wins in 10^s.; B second, by 2 feet; C third, by 3 feet, and D fourth, by a foot. The score will be: A, 790; R, 790. less 2 feet, at 7 points, equals 14 points— 776 points. C, 790. less 5 feet, at 7 points, equals 35 points— 755 points. D, 790 points, less 6 feet, at 7 points, equals 42 points— 748 points. In 120-yard hurdle race, to the fir3t man the points allowed in table for his time; to the second, third and fourth men, the points al- lowed in table for the first man's time, less five points for each foot that each man is behind the winner. ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. 35 For instance, if the judges should report as follows: A, first, in 17^9.; B, second, by a foot; C, tnird, by 4 feet, D, fourtn, by 3 feet, the score would be made up as follows: A, 760 points; B, 760 points, less 1 foot at 5 points per foot, equals 5 points— 755 points; C, 760 points, leas 5 feet at 5 points per foot, equals 25 points —735 points; D, 760 points, less 8 feet at 5 points per foot, equals 40 points— 720 points. These instances will illustrate the method of scoring of the distances between the several contestants. 100 YARD RUN. Time. Points. Time. Points. Time. Points. 9%*. 1,000 llfgs. 664 33^9. 286 3 0s. 958 H%s. 622 33%9. 244 3 0^3. 916 11&8. 580 13%s. 202 10%s. 874 12s. 538 13^8. 160 1G%9. 832 12^3. 496 143. 118 lO^s. 790 12%8. 454 14^3. 76 lis. 748 12%8. 412 14%8. 34 H^S. 706 12^8. 13s. 370 328 14^3. 00 For times slower than 14%s. score nothing. For times faster than 9fgs. score 1,000, and an additional 42 points for each ^ of a second faster than 9^s. £3T See special instructions above for the conduct of this race. Jg$ 1-MILE RUN. Time. Points. Time. Points. Time. Points. 4m. 17**9 10U0 5m. 24s. 669 6m. 32s. 329 4m. 18s. 999 5m. 25s. 664 6m. 33s. 324 4m. 19a. 994 5m. 26s. 659 6m. 34s. 319 4m. 20s. 989 5m. 27s. 654 6m. 35s. 314 4m. 21s. 984 5m. 28s. 649 6m. 36s. 309 4m. 22s. 979 5m. 298. 644 6m. 378. 304 4m. 23s. 974 5m. 30s. 639 6m. 38s. 299 4m. 24s. 969 5m. 31s. 634 6m. 39s. 294 4m. 25s. 964 5m. 32s. 629 6m. 40s. 289 4m. 269. 959 5m. 33s. 624 6 m. 41s. 284 4m. 27s. 954 5m. 34s. 619 6m. 42s. 279 4m. 28s. 949 5m. 35s. 614 6m. 43s. 274 4m. 29s. 944 5m. 36s. 609 6m. 44s. 269 4m. 30s. 939 5m. 37s. 604 6m. 45s. 264 4m. 31s. 934 5m. 38s. 599 6m. 46s. 259 4m. 32s. 929 5m. 399. 594 6m. 47s. 254 4m. 33s. 924 5m. 408. 589 6m. 4Ps. 249 4m. 34s. 919 5m. 41s. 584 6m. 49s. 244 4m. 35s. 914 5m. 42s. 579 6m. 50s. 239 4m. 36s. 909 ftm. 43s. 574 6m. 51s. 234 4m. 37s. 904 5m. 44s. 569 6m. 52s. 229 4m. 38s. 899 om. 45s. 564 6m. 53s. 224 3G ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. 1 MI. E RUN. Time, faints. Time, faints Time faints. 4 m. 398. 894 5 m 463. 559 6m 548. 219 4m. 408. 889 5 m 47s. 554 6m 558. 214 4m. 41s. 884 5 m 48s. 549 6m 56s. 209 4m 429. 879 5 m 49s. 544 6m 57s. 204 4m. 43a. 874 5m 50s. 539 6m 58s. 199 4m. 44s. 869 5 m 518. 534 6m 59s. 194 4m. 459. 864 5 m 52s. 529 7m 189 4m. 46s. 859 5 m 53s. 524 7m Is. 184 4m. 47s. 854 5 m 548. 519 7m 2s. 179 4m. 48s. 849 5 m 55s. 514 7m. 3s. 174 4 m. 49s. 844 5m 56s. 509 7m. 48. 169 4m. 50s. 839 5m 57s. 504 7m. 5s. 164 4m. 51s. 834 5 m 58s. 499 7m. 6s. 159 4m. 52s. 829 5 m 59s. 494 7m. 78. 154 4m. 53s. 824 6m. 489 7m. 89. 149 4m. 54s 819 6m. Is. 484 7m. 99. 144 4m. 55s. 814 6m. 2s. 479 7m. 10s. 139 4m. 56s. 809 6 m 3s. 474 7m. lis. 134 4m. 57s. 804 6m. 4 s. 469 7m. 12s. 129 4m. 58s. 799 6m. 5s. 464 7m. 138. 124 4m. 59s. 794 6m. 6s. 459 7m. 148 119 5m. 789 6m. 7s. 454 7m. 158. 114 5m. Is. 784 6m. 8s. 445) 7m. 169. 109 5m. 2s. 779 6m. 9s. 444 7m. 173. 104 5m. 3s. 774 6m. 10s. 439 7m. 18s. 99 5m. 4 s. 769 6m. lis. 434 7m. 198. 94 5m. 5s. 764 6m. 12s. 429 7m. 208. 89 5m. 63. 759 6m. 13s. 424 7m. 21s. 84 5m. 7s. 754 6m. 14s. 419 7m. 228. 79 5m. 8s. 749 6m. 153. 414 7m. 233. 74 5m. 9s. 744 6m. 16s. 409 7m. 248. 69 5m. 10-«. 739 6m. 17s. 404 7m. 258. 64 5m. lis. 734 6m. 189. 399 7m. 26s. 59 5m. 12s. 7-29 fim. 19s. 394 7m. 27s. 54 5m. 13s. 724 6m. 20s. 389 7m. 28s. 49 5m. 14s. 719 6m. 21s. 384 7m. 29s. 44 5 m. 15s. 714 6m. 228. 379 7m. 30s. 39 5m. 16s. 709 6m. 23s. 374 7m. 318. 34 5m. 17s. 704 6m. 24s. 369 7m. 32s. 29 5m. 183. 699 6m. 25s. 364 7m, 33s. 24 5m. 19s. 694 6m. 26s. 359 7m. 348. 19 5m. 208. 689 6m. 273. 354 7m. 359. 14 5m. 218. 684 6m. 28s. 349 7m. 36s. 9 5m. 22s. 679 6m. 29s. 344 7 m. 378. 4 5m. 238. 674 6m. 30s. 339 7m. 383. 6m. 31s. 334 For any performance slower than 7m. 38s. score nothing. .? For any performance faster than 4m. 17^s. score 1,000, and 1 additional point for each fifth of a second better lhan 4m. 17%9. For fractional times, between the even sec- onds, deduct 1 point for ea-jh fifth of a second. For instance, 5m. 9s. scores 744 points, 5m. 9J^3. scores 743 points. 5m. 9%8. 742 points, 5m.9%s. 741poimsand 5m. 9^8. 740 points, etc. Each runner must be limed separately. ALL-AROUND ATHL BT ICS. 120- YARD HURDLE RACE. 3? Time. Points. Time. Points. Time. Points. 15%*. 1000 183. 640 2 0*68. 310 15*6*. 970 18^8. 610 20%8. 280 16s. 940 18%8. 580 20%3. 250 16Hs. 910 18%3. 550 20^3. 220 16%s. 880 18%3. 520 21s. 190 16%3. 850 193. 490 21^3. 160 16^3. 820 19^3. 460 21%3. 130 17s. 790 19%s. 430 21%s. 100 17^8. 760 19%S. 400 2lHs. 70 17%s. 730 19^3. 370 22s. 40 17%S. 700 20s. 340 22J^8. 10 17*gs. 670 22%8. For time slower than 22%s. score nothing. For time faster than 15%s. score 1,000 points, and an additional 30 poiuts for each *£th of a second faster than 15f£s. £W See special instructions above for the conduct of this race. !£& HALF-MILE WALK. Time. Points. 3m. 2%s. 1000 3m. 3s. 997 3m. 4s. 992 3m. 5s. 987 3m. 6s. 982 3 m. 78. 977 3m. 8s. 97 1 3m. 9s. 967 3 m. 10s. 962 3m. lis. 957 3m. 128. 952 3m. 13s. 947 3m. 148. 942 3m. 15s. 937 3 m. 16s. 932 3m. 17s. 927 3m. 18s. 922 3 m. 198. 917 3m. 203. 912 3m. 218. 907 3m. 22s. 902 3m. 233. 897 3m. 24s. 892 3m. 258. 887 3m. 26a. 882 3m. 27s. 877 3m. 28s. 872 3m. 29s. 867 3m. 308. 862 3m. 3ls. 857 3m. 32s. 852 3m. 338. 847 3m. 343. 842 3m. 358. 837 Time. Points. 4 m. 9s. 667 4 m. 10s. 662 4m. lis. 657 4 m. 12s. 652 4 m. 13s. 647 4m. 14s. 642 4 m. 153. 637 4 m. 16s. 632 4 m. 17s. 627 4 m. 18s. 622 4m. 19s. 617 4 m. 20s. 612 4m. 21s. 607 4m. 22s. 602 4 m. 23s. 597 4m. 24s. 592 4m. zba. 587 4m. 26s. 582 4m. 27s. 577 4m. 28s. 572 4m. 29s. 567 4m. 308. 562 4m. 31s. 557 4 m. 32s. 552 4m. 333. 547 4m. 34s. 542 4 m. 35s. 537 4m. 36s. 532 4 m. 37s. 527 4 m. 38s. 522 4m. 39s. 517 4m. 40s. 512 4 m. 41s. 507 4m. 42s. 502 Time. Points. 5m. 178. 327 5 m. 18s. 322 5m. 198. 317 5m. 20s. 312 5m. 21s. 307 5m. 22s. 302 5m. 238. 297 5m. 24s. 292 5m. 258. 287 5m. 26s. 282 5m. 27s. 277 5m. 28s. 272 5m. 298. 267 5m. 30s. 262 5m. 3 Is. 257 5m. 32s. 252 5m. 338. 247 5m. 34s. 242 5m. 35h. 237 5m. 36s. 232 5m. 37s. 227 5m. 38s. 222 5m. 39s. 217 5m. 40s. 212 5m. 41s. 207 5m. 42s. 202 5m. 43s. 197 5m. 44s. 192 5m. *5s. 187 5m. 46s. 182 5m. 47s. 177 5m. 48s. 172 5m. 49s. 167 5m. 50s. 162 ALJ,-AKOUND ATHLETICS. HALF-MILE WALK. Time. Points 3m. 36s. 832 3m. 379. 827 3m. 38s. 822 3m. 39s. 817 3m. 40s. 812 3m. 41s. 807 3m. 42s. 802 3m. 43s. 797 3m. 44s. 792 3m. 45s. 787 3m. 46s. 782 3m. 47s. 777 3m. 48s. 772 3 m. 49s. 767 3m. 50s. 762 3m. 51s. 757 3m. 52s. 752 3m. 53s. 747 3m. 54s. 742 3m. 55s. 737 3m. 56s. 73*2 3m. 57s. 727 3m. 58s. 722 3m. 59s. 717 4m. 712 4m. Is. 707 4m. 2s. 702 4m. 3s. 697 4m. 4s. 692 4m. 5e. 687 4m. 6s. 682 4m. 7s. 677 4m. 8s. 672 Time Points 4m. 43s. 497 4 m. 44S. 492 4m. 45s. 487 4m. 46s. 482 4m. 47s. 477 4m. 48s. 472 4m. 49s. 467 4m. 50s. 462 4m. 51s. 457 4m. 52s. 452 4m. 53s. 447 4 m. 54s. 442 4 m. 55s. 437 4m. 56s. 432 4m. 57s. 427 4 m. 58s. 422 4m. 59s. 417 5m. 412 5m. Is. 407 5m. 2s. 402 5m. 3s. 397 5m. 4s. 392 5m. 5s. 387 5m. 6s. 382 5m. 7s. 377 5m. 8s. 372 5m. 9s. 367 5m. 10s. 362 5m. lis. 357 5m. 12s. 352 5m. 13s. 347 5m. 14s. 342 5m. 15s. 337 5m. 16s. 332 Time Points 5m. 51s. 157 5m. 52s. 152 5m. 53s. 147 5m. 54s. 142 5m. 558. 137 5m. 56s. 132 5m. 578. 127 5m. 58s. 122 5m. 59s. 1 17 6m. 112 6m. Is. 107 6m. 2s. 102 6m. 3s. 97 6m. 4s. 92 6m. 5s. 87 6m. 6s. 82 6m. 7s. 77 6m. 8s. 72 6m. 9s. 67 6m. 10s. 62 6m. lis. 57 6m. 12s. 52 6m. 13s. 47 6m. 14s. 42 6m. 15s. 37 6m. 16s. 32 6m. 178. 27 6m. 18s. 22 6m. 19s. 17 6m. 20s. 12 6m. 21s. 7 6m. 22s. 2 6m. 238. For any performance slower than 6m. 23s. score nothing. For any performance faster than 3m. 2%s. score 1,000. and 1 additional point for each fifth of a second better tban 3m. 2%s. For auy fractional time, between the even seconds, deduce l point for each fifth of a sec- ond. For instance. 4m. 17s. score 627 points; 4m. 17^s., 626 points; 4m. 17%s., 625 points; 4m. 17%s„ 624 points; 4m. 17^3.. 623 points, otc. ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. RUNNING HIGH JUMP. Height. 6ft. 4Min. 6ft. 4 in. 6ft. 3in. 6ft. 2in. 6ft. lin. 6ft. 5ft. 11 in. 5ft. lOin. 5ft. 9in. 5ft. 8in. 5ft. 7in. Pts. 1000 992 960 928 896 864 832 800 768 736 704 Height. 5ft. 6in. 5 ft. 5in. 5ft. 4in. 5ft. 3in. 5ft. 2in. 5ft. lin. 5ft. 4ft. llin. 4ft. luin. 4ft. 9in. 4ft. 8in. Pts. 672 640 608 576 544 512 480 4-18 416 384 352 Height. 4ft. 7in. 4ft. 6in. 4ft. 5in. 4ft. 4in. 4ft. 3in. 4ft. 2in. 4ft. lin. 4ft. 3ft. llin. 3ft. lOin. 3ft. 9in. Pts. 320 288 256 224 192 160 128 96 64 32 For jumps below 3 feet 9 inches score nothing. For jumps above 6 feet 4 l A inches score 1000 points, and 4 additional points for each J^th of an inch above 6 feet 4J4 inches. For fractional performances, between the even inches, score an additional 4 points for each J^th of an inch. For instance, 5 feet 2 inches score 544 points; 5 feet 2% inches, 548 points; 5 feet '2% inches, 556 points; 5 feet 2% inches, 568 points, etc. RUNNING BROAD JUM P. Distance. Pts. Distance. Pts. Distance. Pts. 23ft.6>^in.l000 20ft. lin. 668 16ft. 6in. 324 23ft. 6in. 996 20ft. 660 16ft. 5in. 316 23ft. 5in. 988 19ft. llin. 652 16ft. lin. 308 23ft. 4in. 980 19ft. lOin. 644 16ft. 3in. 300 23ft. 3in. 972 19ft. 9in. 636 16ft. 2in. 292 23ft. 2in. 964 1 9ft. 8in. 628 16ft. lin. 284 23ft. lin. 956 19ft. 7in. 620 16ft. 276 23ft. 948 19ft. 6in. 612 15ft. llin. 268 22ft. llin. 940 19ft. 5in. 604 15ft. lOin. 260 22ft. lOin. 932 1 9ft. 4in. 596 15ft. 9in. 252 22ft. 9in. 924 19ft. Sin. 588 15ft. 8in. 244 22ft. 8in. 916 19ft. 2in. 580 15ft. 7in. 236 22ft. 7ia. 908 19ft. lin. 572 15ft . 6in. 228 22ft. 6in. 900 19ft. 564 15ft. 5in. 220 22ft. 5in. 892 18ft. llin. 556 15ft. 4in. 212 22ft. 4in. 884 18ft. lOin. 548 15ft. 3in, 204 22ft. 3in. 876 18ft. 9in. 540 15ft. 2in. 196 22ft. 2in. 868 18ft Sin. 532 15ft. lin. 188 22ft. lin. 860 18ft. 7in. 524 15ft. 180 22ft. 852 18ft. 6in. 516 14ft. llin. 172 21ft. llin. 844 18ft. 5in. 508 1 4ft, lOin. 164 21ft. ICin. 836 18ft. 4in. 500 14ft. 9in. 156 21ft. 9in. 8 8 18ft. 3in. 492 14 ft. 8in. 148 21ft. Sin. 8:0 18ft. 2in. 484 14ft. 7in. 140 21ft. 7in. 812 18ft. lin. 476 14 ft. 6in. 132 21ft. 6in. 804 18ft. 468 14ft. 5in. 124 21ft. 5in. 796 17ft. llin. 460 14 ft. 4in. 116 21ft. 4in. 788 17ft. lOin. 452 14ft. 3io. 108 40 ALL-ABOUND ATHLETICS. RUNNING BROAD J CMP. Distance Pts Distance Pt* Distance Pts 21ft. 3in. 780 17ft. 9in. 444 14ft. 2in. 100 21ft. •-'in. 772 1 7ft. 8in. 436 14ft. lin. 92 21ft. lin. 761 17ft. 7in, 428 14ft. 84 21ft. 756 17ft. 6in. 420 1 3ft. llin. 76 20ft. llin. 748 17ft. 5in. 412 1 :3ft. lOin. 68 20ft. lOin. 740 17ft. 4in. 404 1 3ft. 9in. 60 20ft. 9lQ. 732 17ft. 3in. 396 13ft. 8in. 52 20ft. 8in. 724 17fl. 2in. 38 S 1 3ft. 7in. 44 20ft Tin. 716 17ft. lin. 380 13ft. 6in. 36 20ft. 6in. 708 17ft. 372 13ft. Mr. 28 20ft. 5in. 700 16ft. llin. 36 1 13ft. 4in. 20 20ft. 4in. 692 16ft. lOin. 356 13ft. 3in. 12 20ft. 3in. 684 16ft. 9in. 348 13ft. 2in. 4 20ft. 2in. 676 16ft. 16ft. 8in. 7in. 340 332 13ft. lin. For jumps shorter than 13ft. lin., score nothing. For jumps longer than 23ft. 6^jin., score 1,000 points, and 1 additional point for each %t\i of an inch beyond 23ft. 6J^in. For fractional distances between the even inches, score 1 additional point for each J^th of an inch. For instance, 18ft. 6in.. score r jl6 points; 18ft. Oj^in., 517 points; 18ft. 6%in. 519 points: 18ft. 6^in., 522 points, etc. POLE VAULT. Height. Pts. Height. Pts. Height. Pts lift. 9in. 1000 10ft. 664 8ft. Sin. 312 lift. 8m. 984 9ft. llin. 648 8 ft. lin. 296 lift. 7in. 968 9ft. lOin. 632 8ft. 280 lift. 6in. 952 9ft. 9in. 616 7ft. llin. 264 lift. 5in. 936 9ft. Sin. 600 7ft. lOin. 248 lift. 4in. 920 9ft. 7in. 584 7ft. 9in. 232 lift. 3in. 904 9ft. 6in. 568 7 ft. 8in. 216 lift. Sin. 888 9ft. 5in. 552 7ft. 7in. 200 lift. lin. 872 9ft. 4in. 536 7ft. 6in. 184 lift. 856 9ft. 3in. 520 7ft. 5in. 168 lOft. llin. 840 9ft. 2in. 504 7ft. 4in, 152 lOtt. loin. 824 9ft. lin. 488 7ft. 3in. 136 10ft. 9in. 808 9ft, 472 7ft. 2in. 120 10ft. 8in. 792 8ft. llin. 456 7ft. lin. 104 10ft. 7in. 776 8ft. lOin. 440 7ft. 88 10ft. 6in. 760 8ft. 9in. 424 6ft. llin. 72 10ft. 5in. 744 8ft. 8in. 408 6ft. lOin. 56 10ft. 4in. 728 8ft. 7in. 392 6 ft. 9in. 40 10ft. 3in. 712 8ft, 6in. 376 6ft. 8in. 24 10ft. 2in. 696 8ft. 5in. 360 6ft. 7in. 8 10ft. lin. 680 8 ft. 8ft. 4in. 3in. 344 328 6ft. 6in. For any vault below 6ft, 61n.. score nothiue. For any vault above lift. 9in. scoro 1,000 ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. 41 points, and 2 additional points for each ^th inch above lift. 9in. For any fractional figures between the even inches, add 2 points for each % of an incb. For instance, 8ft. 10in.. score 440 points; 8ft. lO^in. is 442 points; 8ft. 10%in., 446 points; 8ft. lO^in., 452 points, etc. PUTTING THE SHOT. Distance. Pts. Distance. Pts. Distance. Pts. 47ft. L000 40ft. 664 33 ft. 328 46ft. llin. 996 39ft. llin. 660 32ft. llin. 324 46ft. lOin. 992 39ft. lOin. 656 32ft. lOin. 320 46ft. 9in. 988 39ft. 9in. 652 32ft. 9m. 316 46ft. 8in. 984 39ft. 8in. 648 32ft. Kin. 312 46ft. 7in. 980 39ft. 7in. 644 32ft. 7io, 308 46ft. 6in. 976 39ft. 6in. 640 32ft. 6iD. 304 46ft. 5in. 972 39fr. 5in. 636 32ft. 5in. 300 46ft. 4in. 968 39ft. 4in. 632 32ft. 4in. 296 46ft. 3in. 964 39ft. 3in. 628 32ft. 3in. 292 46ft. 2in. 960 39ft. 2in. 624 32ft. 2in. 288 46ft. lin. 956 39ft. lin. 620 :2ft. lin. 284 46ft. 952 39ft. 616 32ft. 280 45ft. llin. 948 38ft. llin. 612 31ft. llin. 276 45ft. lOin. 944 38ft. lOin. 608 31ft. lOin. 272 45ft. 9in. 940 38ft. 9in. 604 31ft. 9in. 268 45ft. 8in. 936 38ft. Sin. 600 31ft. 8in. 264 45ft. Tin. 932 38ft. 7in. 596 31ft. 7in. 260 45ft. 6in. 928 38ft. 6in. 592 31ft. 6in. 256 45ft. 5in. 924 38ft. 5in. 588 31ft. 5in. 252 45ft. 4in. 920 38ft. 4in. 584 31ft. 4in. 248 45ft. 3in. 916 38ft. 3in. 580 31ft. 3in. 244 45ft. 2in. 912 38ft. 2in. 576 3lft. 2in. 240 45ft. lin. 908 38ft. lin. 572 31ft. lin. 236 45ft. 904 38ft. 568 31ft. 232 44ft. llin. 900 37ft. llin. 564 30ff. llin. 228 44ft. lOin. 896 37ft. lOin. 560 30ft. lOin. 224 44ft. 9in. 892 37ft. 9in. 556 30ft. 9in. 220 44ft. 8in. 888 37ft. 8ln. 552 30ft. 8in. 216 44ft. 7in. 884 37ft. 7in. 546 30ft. 7in. 212 44ft. 6in. 880 37ft. 6in. 544 30ft. 6in. 208 44ft. 5in. 876 37ft. 5in. 540 30ft. 5in. 204 44ft. 4in. 872 37ft. 4in. 536 30ft. 4in. 200 44ft. 3in. 868 3?ft. 3in. 532 30ft. 3in. 196 44ft. 2in. 864 37ft. 2in. 528 30ft. 2in. 192 44ft. lia. 860 37ft. lin. 524 30ft. lin. 188 44ft. 856 37ft. 520 30ft. 184 43ft. llin. 852 36ft. llin. 516 29ft. llin. 180 43ft. lOin. 848 36ft. lOin. 512 29ft. lOin. 176 43ft. 9in. 844 36ft. 9in. 508 29ft. 9in 172 43ft. 8in. 840 36ft. 8in. 504 29ft. 8in 168 43ft. 7in. 836 36ft. 7in. 500. 29ft. 7in 164 43ft. 6in. 832 36ft. 6in. 496 29ft. Gin 160 43ft. 5in. 828 36ft. 5in. 492 29ft. 5in 156 43ft. 4in. 824 36ft. 4in. 488 29ft. 4in 152 43ft. 3in. 820 36ft. 3in. 484 29ft. 3in 148 43ft. 2in. 816 36ft. 2in. 480 29ft. 2in 144 42 ALIi-AROTND ATHLETICS. PUTTING THE SHOT. Distance. Pts. Distance. Pts. 1 Distance. Pts 43ft. lin 812 36ft lin . 476 29ft lin. 140 43ft 808 36ft 472 29ft 136 42ft llin 804 35ft. llin 468 28ft. llin. 132 42ft. lOin 800 35ft. lOin 464 28ft lOin. 128 42ft. 9in 796 35ft. 9in 460 28ft. 9in. 124 42ft. ,8in 792 35ft. 8in 456 28ft. 8in. 120 42ft. Tin 788 35ft. 7in 452 28ft. 7in. 116 4. 'ft. 6in. 784 35ft. 6in. 448 28it. 6in. 112 42fc. Sin. 780 35ft. 5in. 444 28ft. 5in. 108 42ft. 4in. 776 35ft. 4in. 440 28ft. 4in. 104 42ft. 3in. 772 35ft. 3in. 436 28ft. 3in. 100 42ft. '2in. 768 35ft. 2in. 432 28ft. 2in. 96 42ft. lin. 764 35ft. lin. 428 28ft. lin. 92 42ft. 760 35ft. 424 28ft. 88 41ft. Ilin. 756 34ft. llin. 420 27ft. llin. 84 41ft. lOin. 752 34 ft. lOin. 416 27ft. lOin. 80 41ft. 9in. 748 34ft. 9in. 412 27ft. 9in. 76 41ft. 8in. 744 34ft. 8in. 408 27ft. 8in. 72 41ft. 7in. 740 34ft. 7in. 404 27ft. 7in. 68 41ft. 6in. 736 34ft. 6in. 400 27ft. 6in. 64 41ft. 5in. 732 34ft. 5in. 396 27ft. 5in. " 60 41ft. 4in. 728 34ft. 4in. 392 27ft. 4in. 56 41ft. 3in. 724 34ft. 3in. 388 27ft. 3in. 52 41ft. 2in. 720 34ft. 2in. 384 27ft. 2 in. 48 41ft. lin. 716 34ft, lin. 380 27ft. lin. 44 41ft. 712 34ft. 376 27ft. 40 40ft. llin. 708 33ft. llin. 372 26ft. llin. 36 40ft. lOin. 704 33ft. lOin. 368 26ft. lOin. 32 40ft. 9in. 700 33ft. 9in. 364 26ft. 9in. 28 40ft. 8in. 696 33ft. 8in. 360 26ft. 8in. 24 40ft. Tin. 692 33ft. 7in. 356 26ft. 7in. 20 40ft. 6in. 688 33ft. 6in. 352 26ft. 6in. 16 40ft. 5in. 684 33ft. 5in. 348 26ft. 5in. 12 40ft. 4in. 680 33ft. 4in. 344 26ft. 4in. 8 40ft. 3in. 676 33ft. 3in. •MO 26ft. 3in. 4 40ft. 2in. 672 33ft. 2in. 336 26ft. 2in. 40ft. lin. 668 33ft. lin. 332 For any put shorter than 26 feet 2 inches, score nothing. For any put longer than 47 feet score 1.000, and 1 additional point for each J4 inch be- yond 47 feet. For fractional distances between the even inches add 1 point for each *4 inch. For in- stance, 34 feet 4 inches, score 392 points; 34 feet 4H inches, 393 points; 34 feet 4& inches. 394 points, etc. THROWING' THE HAMMER. Dist. Points. 145ft.54in.1000 14Sft. 999 144ft. 987 143ft. 975 Dist. 117ft: 116ft. 115ft. 114ft. Points. 663 651 639 627 Dist. Poi?its. 89 ft. • 327 88ft. 315 87ft. 303 86ft. 291 Alili-AEOUND ATHLETICS. THROWING THE HAMMER. 13 Dist. Points. Dist. Points Dist. Points. 142ft. 963 1 13ft. 615 85ft. 279 141ft. 951 112ft. 603 84ft. 267 140ft. 930 1 lift. 591 83ft. 255 139ft 927 110ft. 579 82ft. 243 138ft. 915 109ft. 567 81ft. 231 137ft. 903 1 08ft. 555 80ft. 219 136ft. 891 1 07ft. 543 79ft. 207 135ft. 879 106ft. 531 78ft. 195 134ft. 867 1 05ft. 519 77ft. 183 133ft 855 104ft. 507 76ft. 171 132ft. 843 103ft. 495 75ft. 159 131ft. 831 1 02ft. 483 74ft. 147 130ft. 819 101ft. 471 73ft. 135 129ft. 807 1 00ft. 459 72ft. 123 128ft. 795 99ft. 447 71ft. 111 127ft. 783 98ft. 435 70ft. 99 126ft. 771 97ft. 423 69ft. 87 125ft. 759 96ft. 411 68ft. 75 124ft. 747 95ft. 399 67ft. 63 123ft. 735 94 ft. 387 66ft. 51 122ft. 723 93ft. 375 65ft. 39 121ft. 711 92ft. 363 64ft. . 27 120ft. 699 91ft. 351 63ft. 15 119ft. 687 90ft. 339 62ft. 3 118ft. 675 61ft. feet, score For throws shorter than nothing:. For throws lonarer than 145 feet 1 inch, score 1,000, and 1 additional point for each inch he- yond 145 fee' 1 inch. For fractional distances between the even feet, add 1 point for each inch. For instance. 97 feet scores 423 points; 97 feet 3 inches, 426 points; 97 feet 7 inches, 430 points; 97 feet 11 inches, 434 points, etc. THROWING 56-LB. WEIGHT. Distance. Pts. Distanee. Pis. 1 Distance. Pts. 35ft. lOin. 1000 28ft. lOin. 664 21ft. llin. 332 35ft. 9in. 996 28ft. 9in. 660 21ft. lOin. 328 35ft. 8in. 992 28ft. 8in. 656 21ft. 9m. 324 35ft. 7in. 988 28ft. 7in. 652 21ft. 8in. 320 35ft. 6in. 984 28ft. 6in. 648 2lft. '7in. 316 35ft. 5in. 980 28ft. Sin. 644 21ft. 6in. 312 35ft. 4in. 976 28ft. 4in. 640 21ft. 5in. 308 35ft. 3in. 972 28ft. 3in. 636 211 1. 4in. 304 35ft. 2in. 968 28ft. 2in. 632 21ft. Sin. 300 35ft. lin. 964 28ft. lin. 628 21ft. 2in. 296 35ft. 960 28ft. 624 21ft. lin. 292 31ft. llin. 956 27ft. llin. 620 21ft. 288 34ft. lOin. ■952 27ft. lOin. 616 20ft. llin. 284 34ft. 9in. 948 !27ft. 9in. 612 20ft. lOin. 280 34ft. 8in. 944 27ft. 8in. 608 20ft. 9in. 276 34ft. 7in. 940 27ft 7in, 604 20ft. 8in. 272 34ft. (nn. 936 27ft. 6in. 600 20rt. 7in. 268 ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. THROWING 56 LB. WEIGHT Distance. Pts. Distant e Pts. Dista»ce. Pts 34ft. 5in. 932 27ft. 5in. 596 20 ft. 6in. 264 34ft. 4in, 928 27ft. 4io. 592 20fr. 5in. 260 34ft. 3in. 924 27ft. 3in. 588 20ft. 4in. 256 34ft. 2in. 920 27ft. 2in. 584 20ft. 3in. 252 34ft. lin. 916 27ft. lin. 580 20ft. 2in. 248 34ft. 912 27ft. 576 20ft. lin. 244 33ft. 11 in. 908 26ft. llin. 572 20ft. 240 33ft. 10!D. 904 25ft. lOin. 568 19ft. llin. 236 3'tft. 9iD. 900 26ft. 9in. 564 1 9ft. lOin. 232 33ft. 8in. 896 26ft. Sin. 560 19ft. 9in. 228 38ft. 7io. 892 26ft. 7in. 556 19ft. 8in. 224 33ft. 6iu. 888 26ft. 6in. 552 19ft. 7in. 220 33ft. 5in. 884 26ft. 5ia. 548 19ft. 6in. 216 33ft. 4ia. 880 26ft. 4in. 544 19ft. 5in. 212 33ft. 3in. 876 26ft. 3in. 540 1 9ft. 4in. 208 33ft. 2in. 872 26ft. 2in. 536 19ft. 3in. 204 33ft. lia. 868 26ft. lin. 532 19ft. 2in. 200 33ft. 864 26ft. 528 19ft. lin. 190 32ft. llin. 860 25ft. llin. 524 19ft. 192 32ft. lOin. 856 25ft. lOin. 520 18ft. llin. 188 32ft. 9in. 852 25ft. 9in. 516 18ft. lOin. 184 32ft. 8in. 848 25ft. Sin. 512 18ft. 9in. 180 32ft. 7in. 844 25ft. 7in. 508 18ft. 8in. 176 32ft. 6in. 840 25ft. 6in. 504 18ft. 7in. 172 32ft. 5in. 836 25ft. 5in. 500 18ft. 6in. 168 32ft. 4in. 832 25ft. 4in. 496 18ft. Sin. 164 32ft. 3in. 828 25ft. 3in. 492 18ft. 4in. 160 32ft. 2in. 824 25ft. 2in. 488 18ft. 3in. 156 32ft. lin. 820 25ft. lin. 484 18ft. 2in. 152 32ft. 816 25 ft. 480 18ft. lin. 148 31ft. llin. 812 24ft. llin. 476 18ft. 144 3lft. lOin. 808 24ft. lOin. 472 17ft. llin. 140 31ft. 9in. 804 24ft. 9in. 468 17ft. lOin. 136 31ft. 8in. 800 24ft. 8in. 46* 17ft. 9in. 132 31ft. 7in. 796 24ft. 7in. 460 17ft. 8m. 128 31ft. 6in. 79 > 24ft. 6in. 456 17ft. 7in. 124 3lft. 5in. 788 24ft. 5in. 452 17ft. 6in. 120 31ft. 4 in. 784 24ft. 4in. 448 17ft. 5in. 116 31ft. 3in. 780 24 ft. 3in. 444 17ft. 4in. 112 31ft. 2in. 776 24ft. 2in. 440 17ft. 3in. 108 3lft. lin. 772 24ft. lin. 436 17ft. 2in. 104 31ft. 768 24ft. 432 17ft. lin. 100 30ft. Ilia. 764 23ft. llin. 428 17ft. 96 30ft. lOin. 760 23ft. lOin. 424 16ft. llin. 92 30ft. 9in. 756 23ft. 9in. 420 16ft. lOin. 88 30ft. 8in. 752 24in., 577 points; 27ft. %in.. 579 points, etc. PECK & SNYDER, Corner BEEKriAN AND NASSAU NEW YORK, STREETS, Manufacturers of the Celebrated American Club Ice Skates. Complete Line of Roller Skates, Complete Catalogue of Summer and Winter Sports; Also our Trick and Novelty Catalogue, Embracing thousands of interesting and amusing novelties for the home circle, t SENT FREE UPON APPLICATION : SPALDING'S ATHLETIC IMPLEMENTS, SPALDING'S REGULATION 16-LB. HAMMER. WITH LATEST IMPROVED WIRE HANDLE. This Hammer is practically inde- structible, and its use avoids the vexa- tious delays occasioned by broken handles. They are used almost exclusively by the leading Hammer Throwers. No. 9. Wire Handle, 12-lb. Lead, No. 10. Wire Handle, 16-lb. Lead, No. 14. Wire Handle, 12-lb. Iron, No. 15. Wire Handle, i6-lb. Iron, Each, $5.00 6.00 3.50 4.00 SPALDING'S REGULATION 56-LB. WEIGHT, With the famous MITCHELL Handle. f- im . **— " ■- " "-' --^s The handles furnished with our 56-lb. |^— _I I .-». H II weights are the same as used and de- signed by Mr. J. S. Mitchell, the Cham- pion Weight Thrower of America, who has given us exclusive right to use his name in connection with the above han- dles. Each weight is put in box, com- plete, with two sets of handles, for one or two hands. Iron 56-lb. Weights, complete, . . $10.00 Lead 56-lb. Weights, complete, . .. 12.00 Our Illustrated Catalogue contains the only complete line of Appliances for Outdoor Athletics. Mailed Free. ffl A. G. New York. SPALDING Chicago. BROS., Philadelphia. SEND FOR OUR COMPLETE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE Wright & Ditson's Championship Ball Adopted by the United States Lawn Tennis Association, Intercollegiate Ca-nTcJ 6111115 AsSOciati °»' and oth - AssociationsTf ^UnS'sS^ln Canada Retail, 344 Washington St. Wholesale, 95 Pearl St. BOSTON, MASS. SPALDING'S ■ ■ ■ 0®al Made entirely of malleable and wrought iron, nicely Japanned and finished throughout. The ball is quickly released by pulling the string, as shown in cut, and closes automatically to place. Very simple in operation and substantially built for roughest usage. No. 75. Per pair, complete, $ I 5.00. BALLS. No. gA. Regulator Ball, leather cover • $4.50 No. 6B. Black Rubber, inflated, with key | .50 OUR COMPLETE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE MAILED FREE. ft. G. Sf AbDINS & B*RpS., CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. CHAMPION JAMES J. CORBETT USED THE "Corbett" (TRADE MARK) Boxing Gloves Manufactured by A. J. REACH CO., Tulip and Palmer Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. m his Fight with MITCHELL %&9tf8S£ An Exact Duplicate of the Gloves used by CORBETT will be sent upon Receipt of Price. Per Set, $7.50. If you cannot get them in your city, address A. J. REACH CO., Tulip and Palmer Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. RUNNING SHOE. Our "Highest Quality" Running Shoes are made of the very finest Kangaroo, selected especially for this work, and with our improved last, makes a very light and glove-fitting shoe, and fully as durable as one twice its weight. The spikes are of the best English make and firmly set in. Each pair is stamped with our Special Trade Mark and the quality guar- anteed. No. 2/0. Per pair, $6.00. No. 10. Finest Calfskin Running Shoe, light weight, hand made, six spikes. Per pair, . . . $4.50 No. I f . Calfskin Running Shoe, machine made, five spikes. Per pair, ...... $3.00 Our complete Catalogue of Athletic Equipments mailed free to any address. A. G. SPALDISMC & BROS., NEW YORK. CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA. WE ARE THE ONLY BUILDERS OF THE GENUINE Famous St. Lawrence River Skiff AVOID WORTHLESS IMITATIONS. Look for our trade - mark shield, which is placed on every boat of our manufacture. Our eight boats, St. Lawrence River Skiffs; rowboats ; sailing ca- noes; paddling canoe; yacht tender and small sail yacht, received HIGHEST POSSIBLE AWARDS At World's Columbian Exposition. «Ve build HIGH GRADE Pleasure Craft of all kinds, from Canoe to Steam Launch. Our single-hander Sail Boats, of modern built, fin- keel type, are immensely successful cruisers and racers. On receipt of application, we will mail to any address our HANDSOMELY ILLUSTRATED AND DE- SCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER SKIFF, CANOE AND STEAM LAUNCH C0. % CLAYTON, Jefferson County, N. Y. SPALDING'S VAULTING POLES SELECTED SPRUCE. No. 100. 3 feet long, . $3.00 9 No. |OI. ro feet long, 4.00 No. 102. 12 feet long, 5.00 No. 103. 14 feet long, 6.00 SHOT. i6-lb. Lead, Regulation, . $3.50 I2-lb. Lead , Practice, . 2.50 i6-lb. Iron, Regulation, . 2.50 I2-lb. Iron, Practice, . 2.00 Our Illustrated Catalogue of Athletic Equipments and Requi- sites for all sports mailed on application. A.G.SPALDING & BROS., NEW YORK. CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA. 5FdLbINQ'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Published Monthly. Each Number Complete. Devoted to all kinds 'of Sports. No. I. LIFE AND BATTLES OF JAMES J. CORBETT. No. 2. INDIAN CLUBS AND DUMB BELLS. By J. H. Dough- erty, Amateur Champion of America. No. 3. BOWLING. By A.E. Vogell. Containing instructions How to Bowl, How to core, How to Handicap. No. 4. BOXING. This book is, without doubt, the most valuable manual of its kind ever published. It is fully illustrated. No. 5. GYMNASTICS. By Robert Stoll, N. Y. A. C, America's Champion on the Flying Rings since 1885. No. 6. LAWN TENNIS. By O. . Campbell. No. 7. BASE BALL By Walter Camp No. 8. GOLF. By J. Stuart Balfour. NO. 9. ATHLETES' GUIDE. Articles on Training, printing. Throw- ing Weights,Walking,etc.,and Rules for Government of Athletic Games. NO. 10. CROQUET. Official Rules of the Game as adopted by the National Croquet Association. _ „„._ No. II. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL FOOT BALL CUIDE AND REFEREE'S BOOK. Revisedbv Walter Camp. No. 12. G/£LIC AND ASSOCIATION FOOT BALL Complete Methods and Rules of each Game. NO. 13. HANDBALL. How to Play It. Rules and Definitions, Regu- lation Court and its constrnction, with other interesting matter. NO. 14. CURLING, HOCKEY AND POLO. Rules governing each gam -^ and other valuable information. NO. 15 A. INDOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. Complete Illustrations for Playing, with Description of Game. NO. 16. SKATING. History of Skating, from earliest appearance to the present day, to which is added a list of the most authentic records. NO. 17. BASKET BALL. Latest Revised Rules, with diagrams show- ing position of players, etc. NO. 18. FENCING. Complete Manual of Foil and Sabre, according to the methods of the best modern school. — _-. ,««„ No. 19. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE FOR 1894. Complete hand-book of the National Game of Base Ball. NO. 20. CRICKET GUIDE. By Geo. Wright. Fully Illustrated. No. 21. ROWING. By E. J. Giannini, Champion Amateur Oarsman. Fully illustrated. NO, 22. CROQUET. As adopted by the National Croquet Ass'n. I11M. NO. 23. CANOEING. By C. Bowyer Vaux. No. 24. OFFICIAL FOOT BALL GUIDE FOR 1894. Edited b y Walter Camp. Contains revised rules, portraits of leading players, etc. No. 25. SWIMMING. By Walter G. Douglas. Illustrated. NO. 26. HOW TO PLAY FOOT BALL. By Walter Camp. Ill'd. No. 27. COLLEGE ATHLETICS. By M. C. Murphy. No. 28. ATHLETIC ALMANAC. Bv James E. ullivan. No. 29. EXERCISING WITH PULLEY WEIGHTS. H.S.Anderson No. 30. HOW TO PLAY LACROSSE. By W. H. Cokbett. No. 31. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE FOR 1895 No. 32A. PRACTICAL BALL PLAYING. By Arthur A. Irwin. No. 33. LAWN TENNIS GUIDE FOR 1895. No. 34. OFFICIAL ROWING GUIDc FOR 1895. No. 35. INTERCOLLEGIATE A A. A. A. GUIDE. No. 36. OFFICIAL GOLF GUIDE FOR 1895. EACH COPY, 10 CENTS. A/*\ERKflN SPORTS PUBLISHING COMPANY. 241 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. ytTHLETIC Athletic Almanac By JAMES E. SULLIVAN. ^^y^mmm^^.^ PUBLISHED BY THE 2^1 BR