I • i Qass H>^7_ :♦:;« .«:♦: :«:♦: :♦'« :«>: )»:»: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦; ;c« ;♦::♦: ■♦•:»; ■*>: ♦>; ;♦::« :♦::♦: ;«::♦: ♦;»; :*»: :♦>: :c*: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦:;« :«« :*>: :♦;:♦: :♦:»: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: »r« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>: :«>: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: >:.♦: :♦;:«: '♦;:♦: :♦"♦; ♦:;♦: ♦::♦; ♦;:♦: ♦;>: :•:;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦•; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; >::♦: :•::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: ♦"♦: >::♦; :♦;;« :♦::♦: :♦;•♦: ♦:;♦: ♦;♦: ♦::♦; ♦"♦: ♦::♦: ♦;;♦: ♦;;♦; :♦::♦: m ♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ♦;:♦: ♦>; »; ;♦::♦: ♦>: ♦;:♦; ♦;»: • ♦.>" I^E<50 I^D f oc^ OF and Decato Counties, lowa. Containing Poetraits of all the Presidents of the United States from Washington to Cleveland, with accompanying Biographies of each ; A Condensed History of the State of Iowa ; Portraits and Biographies of the Governors of the Terri- tory AND State; Engravings of Prominent Citizens in Ring- gold and Decatur Counties, with Personal Histories of MANY of the Leading Families, and a Concise History of Ringgold and Decatur Counties and theib Cities and Villages. :♦>;:♦„♦::♦;>;;♦«♦;:♦;;♦ - Irih LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 113 Adams Street, Chicago. .♦ ♦. :♦:♦ :♦.♦. :♦::♦: ;♦::«': :♦:>: :♦;:♦: ;♦::« :♦>■■ .♦..♦; :♦::♦; >;;« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«': w.w. !»:»: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦;;«; ;♦:>: :♦"/- ♦ '- ;♦:,♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦':♦ ;♦::«: :♦♦: > ♦ ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>' >::♦: >:♦' :♦;,♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦:•»: :♦;:♦; :♦»: :♦:♦: :♦> ♦ 0' :♦•» > <■' >■ ' :♦.♦. >.♦ >:♦: »: •> ♦. .♦.♦' *;:c«;c*;:cc«>>:>;;«ii#f:*;*;«:*::*:**»:;«:*;.*i*"*::«»::« W 'Ji W V 'ji '£ '^i V V '*' 'A' 'A' '4i 'A* 7 V •: ♦.».*5»>:.« ;♦;;* >:♦: :♦;:♦; »:>: •»::♦; >;>; >:>; :♦:>: ;♦;:♦" :■♦::♦: :♦;:♦; »;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦"* '.♦"♦: :♦;;♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: »::♦: :♦:*' >::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: !♦•:♦; !♦:;♦: :4:>: :♦::♦; ;«:♦; *::♦: :*;♦; »::♦; !•■;:♦: »>: »;:♦: ;♦::♦: '-* >: .♦;>: >:♦; :♦::♦; *:♦; :♦:;♦: .*:♦; *:;« :♦::♦: »::♦: :.♦.:♦. !»;:♦: :*:♦: ;♦;;♦; ♦.;♦: .<■"*'. .*> •^■•; /* t(i22H ^r- i. 1 :♦::« :♦:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:♦: :♦,* :♦!:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦ »:♦ :♦> :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>; >"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :«;:♦: ■♦<•♦< >"♦: ■*;♦: :♦:»: :♦;»; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦"'« >::♦: :♦::♦: »: :<••:♦; ?M :♦:♦ :♦::«: ;♦::«: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦. ;♦<*< «:♦ :♦::♦ K4 '*H -M :♦:•«? :♦!»: w:m :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: •:♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »;:«: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ■«■:♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"« :♦::« :♦;:♦: *;*; »:♦ :♦::♦ :♦:♦. :♦":♦' :♦:♦: >'■„♦; ;< ,♦' :♦.♦' :*.:♦; .♦:« *•♦>::♦::♦;:♦.♦; ■>:*', m ;♦:♦: :♦>: ;♦>; •♦::♦; :♦>: :♦>: »: :♦>: :«»: ;♦::<»: ;♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »"♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: :«>: m :♦>: ■»::♦; :«::♦: :♦>: :♦:♦: »>; ■♦*♦; ;*>: ;♦:■»: ;«»: :♦>: :c« :♦>: :♦>; :♦:'♦: !♦::♦: :♦>: »:;♦; :♦'♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>; ■•!;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;■♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; *j« «M :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: .*::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::«': »: ;♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;>; •»:>; :♦>; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: '♦:♦; ♦"♦: -. . .»..♦ .» »..*;Jx««*^««e*»x*^^^ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ ^ CONTENTS). „ ♦ -i^^ ■.: .i>: '^W^ ^ooo^ PRESIDENTS + OF + THE UNITED* STATES. George Wasliington 9 John Adams 14 Thomas Jefferson 20 James Madison 26 James Monroe 32 John Quincy Adams 38 Andrew Jackson 47 Martin VanBuren 52 William Henry Harrison 56 John Tvler 60 James "K. Polk 64 Zachary Taylor 68 Millard Fillmore 72 Franklin Pierce ~(> James Buchanan 80 Abraham Lincoln S4 Andrew Johnson 93 Ulysses S.Grant 9^ Rutherford B. Hayes 102 James A. Garfield 109 Chester A, Arlhur 113 Grover Cleveland 117 ^HISTORY * OF ♦ 10 W A.S Aboriginal 123 Caucasian 124 Pioneer Life 133 Louisiana Territory 137 Iowa Territory 139 Slate Organization and Subse- quent History 141 Patriotism 146 Iowa Since the War 151 State Institutions i.S' Educational 154 Statistical 157 Physical Features 158 Geology 158 Climate 163 Census of Iowa 164 Territorial Oflicers 164 State Officers 165 ^aOYERNORS + OF ♦ lOWA.If Robert Lucas 17' John Chambers i73 James Clarke '75 Ansel Briggs I79 Stephen Hempstead 183 James W. Grimes 187 Ralph P. Lowe 19' Samuel J. Kirkwood 195 William M. Stone "99 Samuel Merrill 203 Cvrus C. Carpenter 207 Joshua G. Newbold 211 John H. Gear 215 Buren R. Sherman 219 William Larrabee 223 -R^CO^D 01 ^IM^aOLD C0A311^. BIOGRAPHICAL * SKETCHES.^ A. Abarr, T>. C 342 Abarr, J. W 354 Ailvn.G. S 294 All'vn.J. H 320 Anderson, A. T 280 Anderson, G. R 3" Anderson, J. C 248 Anderson, W. S 357 Archbald, John 313 Arnett, Henry 34 ;♦;;♦' :*■:♦: :♦:;♦ :*;♦ **: ;♦.:♦; >. * ;♦::♦. 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A 301 Ellis, Francis 295 England, Samuel 33S Estel, G. R 315 F. Fife, Robert 311; Fittro, S. W 348 Fisher, J. B 389 Folts, John 393 Foster, A 2S6 Foster, L 390 Fouser, J. C 325 Fouser, VV. D 267 Frane, Jacob 247 Fuller, J. W 274 Fullerton, G. D 389 FuUerton, Oscar 303 G. Gander, J. H 323 Gartin, G. W 327 Gibboney, F. E 2^6 Gillett, A.J 304 Glaze, S. W 282 Gleason, Peter 307 Gleason, W. L 253 Glendenning, J. S 230 Gleiidenning, J. W 358 Goodell, Abner 2S9 Gorsuch, J. M 384 Graham, I. G ._ 287 Green, Miles .' 2S6 Grimes, C. K 234 Grimes, P. J 285 Gustin, A. M 382 Gustin,J. C 385 H. Hall, R. B 297 Hall,T. M 260 Harvey, W. A 263 Hathaway, A. F 335 Haviland, W.n 361 Healon, E. J 252 Henderson, J. R 280 Henry, R. C 332 Hepperly, T. C 322 Hess, A. J 36^ Helzer, P. F 298 Himebaugh, B. D 326 Hinckley, W. R 302 Hoffman, M. P 345 Hollingsworth, Colman 351 CONTENTS. Horn, William 39s House, O. C 285 Huggins, Saville & Lawhead 321 Hunter,). W 337 Hutchison, John 251 I. Imus, A.J 279 Imus, L. O 236 Ingram, Andrew 316 Ingram, A. 314 J. Jackson, Phillip 338 Jarvis, P 375 Johnson, Abraham 346 Johnson, G. W 340 Johnston, J. W. . . 341 Johnston, Andrew 264 Johnston, J. E 248 Judy, Robert 2S7 K. Keller, Benjamin 324 Keller, I W 306 Kelly, William 303 Kins'ell, D. C 271 Kinsell,J. W 281 Kinsell, Z. T 273 L. Landreth, Eli 396 Laughlin, W. T 37c; Lavton, W. H 236 Lee, L. T 379 Lent, Arculus 373 Lesan, G. W 37(5 Lesan, J. A 360 Liggett, Thomas 27S Liles, George 366 Lillie, R. P 254 Long, Jonathan 353 Longacre, E. H 364 Lorimor, Asher 312 Loutzenhiser Bros 309 Lucas, William 364 M. Markley, W. M 332 Marshall, Isaac 2^0 Maxwell, M. C 276 Mc Aninch, W. S 388 McClurg, J. C 391 McDonald, Malay 395 McElroy, J. H . . ' 349 McGugin, Frank 356 McPherson, J. L 3i;6 Merriit, A. J 282 Merritt, Daniel 277 Merritt, Peter 320 Merritt, W. H 231 Merritt, W.J 231; Merryman, A. M 26S Merrvman, John 327 Miller, H.T 290 Miller, J. A 243 Miller, J. A 350 Milier, J. 339 Miller, John 233 Miller, John 296 Miller, W. M 233 Miller, Nathan 383 Millsap, Irenus 359 Millsap, W. A 392 Moore, G. S 394 Moore, J. D 374 Morrison, G. W 241 Mosier, Abraham 349 N. Nelson, J. H 301 Nevill.B 35S Newton, J. 1 244 O. Ogier, Isaiah 246 Oliver, Isaac 257 Osborn, T. V 250 P. Page.J.F 3S1 Palmer, I. A 381 Parkhurst, Jonathan 354 Patterson, J. L 309 Payne, A. C 382 Peckham, W. R 297 Penick, W. B 352 Perkins, J. L 310 Pingree,F. E 231 Poor, J. M. 347 Poore, D. W 392 Pratt, E.J 378 Preston, David 362 Price, J. P 388 Price, Thomas 324 Q. Quinn, William 374 R. Rapp, C. W 267 Reed, E. P 276 Reynard, R 275 Richardson, J. H 329 Riley, L. D 314 Riley, R. H 310 Roberts, Abraham 352 Robinson, F. S 386 Robinson, Joseph 341; Ross.H. H 361 Ross, Thomas 229 Rush, Aaron 387 Rubh, Job 229 Russell, Charles 300 Ryan, John 307 S. Saltzmann, Nicholas 275 Saville, J. A 391 Scott. J. E 351 Selby, R. W 253 Sergeant, L. D 337 Shattuck, C. L 336 Shawler, Richard 333 Shav, Luke 321 Sheldon, H. C 299 Shepherd, J. S 336 !♦:.♦. !♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >:>: :♦;:♦: >::♦: >:>: :♦;;♦: :♦>: >::♦: >;:♦; :♦>: :♦>: >:.*! !«;;♦: ;♦.:♦: c*>; >>: :♦;:♦; >:;♦: ;*.:♦: ;♦;:♦: !♦;:♦: [♦::♦: »: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"«: :♦;;♦; ^* >::♦: >"'*: >"♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: >^:« :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦»♦: :♦»♦: :♦::« !»"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:>: »::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »: »;»: ;«♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »: »;;♦: :♦;;♦: »::♦. »: :♦>: »: »:;♦: :«;:♦: :♦>: >;:♦: ;♦::«: ■>;:♦: »::♦: »::♦: :■♦;;♦: :c« !*;;♦: ;♦:•♦• !«:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦>: ;*:♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦ :f* >■;«: ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦; f .♦: » ♦' ~ ♦! ■•■ >: < .♦: ■I '.*. » ♦ -',♦' »;♦: »:♦; ♦.:♦; ♦ :♦; »;:♦: ♦:;♦; :«:♦: »::♦: :♦>: ;♦«♦• :♦>: :♦::♦: »: Tim :♦>: W.W. :♦>: :♦;:♦; :«:« »; ♦ ♦: : :♦: ♦ ♦; >::♦: »::♦: »;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: »::♦: »:»: »::♦: :c« :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦,:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'*■ »::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :«»: !«:♦: :♦;:♦: :«;♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: ;«:4: »:»: :♦::« :♦:;♦: »::« ;♦"« ►: :♦: :«■ >; >" .♦: .♦. .♦. * ,♦ Sherill, Thomas 339 Showalter, C. H 390 Showalter, J. J 257 Siemiller, Henry 305 Simpson, J, M 371 Sinco, J. C 373 Smith, Rev. S . 288 Smith, W. T 288 Snytler, Carlton 393 Stahl, Michael 249 Stahl, Solomon 283 Stamper, Thomas 377 Stephenson, J. M 284 Stephens, G. R 368 Stevenson, John 244 Stevenson, Andrew 358 Stevenson, T. A J71 Stuck, Edward 380 Stuck, Jonathan 362 T. Talbot, A. F 293 Talbot, B. W 294 Tallev.B. F 328 Teale', A. H 316 CONTENTS. Teale, G. H 268 Tedford, Rev. J. H 341 Tedrow, Silas 246 Thomas, J. H .'95 Thompson, D. W 300 Thrift, W. D 367 Tidrick, D. C 331 Tiniby, William 249 Todd, Henry 311 Todd, J. T 353 Townsley, J. \V 303 Trullinger, M. S 299 W. Walter, A. F 319 Walters, Christian . .363 Watson, Robert 242 Waugh, Harvey 245 Wheeler, P. A 376 Wilcox, [oseph 305 Wiley, A. S 313 Williams, G. W 380 Williams, J. S 272 Williams, R. B 333 Wood, D. C 355 -^-i3i«>— ^- Wood, W. M JSS Wyant, G. A 308 PORTRAITS. Coie, John 343 Ingram, Andrew 317 Johnston, Andrew 265 Layton, Rev. W. H 237 Lavton, Mrs. VV. H 237 Mi'lkr.H. T 291 Miller, Mrs. H. T 291 Stephens, G. R 369 GENERAL HISTORY. Inlroductory 401 Early History 404 Political History 414 The Civil War 425 The Press 437 Professional 439 Miscellaneous 442 Mount Ayr 449 Villages 455 ^ICOED 0:2 D1C:^T\3E CQAimi. -^BIOGRAPHICAL * SKETCHES.Ii^ A. Adams, George 683 Aker, B. B 546 Akers, Benjamin 563 Akers, S. C 5:6 Albaugh, \V. H 560 Alden, William 509 Alexander, E. H 478 Allen, Charles 666 Allen, Jacob 520 Andrew, J. N 690 Andrews, J. R 604 Andrew, M. L 625 Anstev, William 564 Arnold, G. P 676 Ashburn, J. M 578 Aten, J. W 527 Allee, I. R 631 B. Baker, G. W 657 Baker, Jacob 637 Baker, J. F 673 Baker, S. F 677 Banta, Hon. Elijah 482 Barr, Benton 633 Barr, C. W 619 Barrackmin, C. J 606 Barrett, Edmond 489 Bason, George 549 Bathe, G. R 576 Beach, Stephen 08 Beavers, Joseph 682 Beck, J. H 56s Beck, T. T 562 Bedell, D. E 654 Bedier, F. F 510 Bell, T.J 4S0 Be lomy, J. B 518 B nnett, Jason 676 Bicknell, R 4S4 Biggs, William 62S Black, W. T 621 Blair, James 657 Blair, W. A 506 Blair, W. W 498 Boar.i, C. L 636 Bone, H. C 69S Boyce, Mark 679 Boyce, William 605 Bovdston. L. H 586 Cozarth, W. W 531 Brammer, Alexander 659 Brammer, F. M 663 Brammer, LaFayette 6S0 Brenizer, O. C 613 Brenizer, Tneophilus ..615 Bright, Henry 686 Briley, S. H 6S5 Brothers, H P 55S Brown, Harrison 627 Brown, Joseph 633 Brown, Tiiomas 700 Brown, W. A 5S1 Bruce, Bryson 525 Bryan, Moses 645 Bryant, H. D 6:.o Buffon, A. G 629 Bullock, N. P 623 Burns, A. M 686 Burns, J. D 665 C. Cash, Wi Ham 528 Carlet n, Samuel 584 Chase, A. E 495 Chase, E. L 522 Chase, Hiram 624 Chase, L. B 661 Chastan, Levi 696 Chester, V. L 549 Clark, I. N 507 Clark, John 609 C chran, A. S 477 Cockerham, W. D 631 Coffey, S. W 617 Cole, Tunis 612 Conkle, W. P 671 Cornett, Nathaniel 524 Conwell, Edward 697 Cowles, D. C 493 Cozad, J. A 534 Cozad. W. C 568 Craig, S. L '590 Craig, William 666 Crees, Joseph 670 Crees, Michael 6S4 Cruiks'iank, Peter 691 Crum, Jacob. . 647 Culver, Joseph 643 Culver, Sylva us 692 Cnmmings, Alfred 545 D. Dale, J. M 597 Dancer, David 492 Dancer, Eugene 550 ;♦.:♦ » :♦:♦ :«■:♦ >:> >> >:> >:;♦. :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >":♦: :♦:•♦: :♦>: :♦::♦ :♦::♦ >:> :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: !** :♦::♦: i^* :«.>: »: :♦::♦: :«::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦>: 'SCfr. >::♦: »: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:«: :♦;:♦; :«:♦: :♦>: :♦:;« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: !■»::♦: :♦::♦: >:.>: :♦::«: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >"*: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦; !»::♦: !«:♦. :♦::«: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :*:♦: :♦::♦: ;*;♦: :♦>; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: .«.«: ;«"« :♦::♦: >::♦: :•«:♦: :♦"«; :«* :♦:*. ■':fi:ff:fi:fi:if:ff:)i'i(:ftui:if'ji:g:j(:fi:f(:it:4i'jr/i:ii:ii:it:4i:.i, ♦* '♦!:♦: »>: »: :♦::♦: :«':♦: >:>: :c« »;:♦; :♦::*: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: »;:♦: »!»• :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; W- :«:« :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦:;♦: :*:♦; ;♦::♦: »::♦: m :♦:>: :♦>: ??*; :«:♦: :♦">: ;♦;:♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: »; :♦>; :♦::♦; %:♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦:>: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; P :♦:>: »::♦: :♦::♦; >::«' :♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦;:♦: >::♦; :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :*:♦; :♦>: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦;;♦; >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦; :*■:♦; »>: ;♦;;♦; :<•;:♦: *■;♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦;>; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ♦ '♦■ CONTENTS. Daniels, Mogce 577 Daniel, T. B 692 Davis, Enos 649 Daykin, John 68i Deiong, I. N Sfi9 Denham,J. A 591 Deny, George 516 Dickson, Searighl 692 Dodd, Eli 670 Doolitt e, E. W 508 Duff, W. D 4S0 Dunbar, John 497 Dunlavy, James 602 E. Eals, C. S 595 Eiker, J. M S33 Ernest, Elbert 701 Euriti, D. F 532 F. Fear, Robert 58:; Ferguson, Ephraim 594 Ferguson, S. A 599 Ferry, D. M 6j2 Fesler, W. H 495 Fierce, E. W 554 Fierce, F. W 603 Fierce, W. E ^549 Fisher, J. T 690 Poland, Michael ^96 Forgrave, Lyman i;^S Forrey, Samuel ^22 Frost, W. H 6S1 Fruitt, J. R 674 G. Gammill, J. C 693 Gammon, James 563 Gammon, W. E 54S Gardner, J. W 529 Gardner, VV. A 521 Gates, S. A ^96 Gatrs, S. H 659 Gaulter, Lewis 631 Gentry, Curran 669 Gibson, Garret 504 Gibson, William 691 Gillen, J. W 5S7 Gilreath", H. H ^46 Gilreath, W. B 507 Goin, J. A 6Ss Grady, P. O 697 Graham, G. E 593 Graham, W. 11 e^tg Graves, T. J 660 Gray, J. H 523 Gurley, Z. H ^39 U. Hagen, J. F 481 Hainer, Ignace c6o Hall, C. K 68.1; Hamilton, Archibald 51S Himilton, F. M 613 Hamilton, G. A 474 Hamilton, Joseph 521 Hamilton, S. A 637 ! Hanson, J. II 49^ j Harvey, J. W 473 , Harvey, Refine 487 | Hartman, J. W 547 Hatfield, H. H 583 Hebener, L. W 584 Henderson, J. K 622 Hens'.ey, W. K 580 Hisbee.J. C 48? Hildret-i, I. F 627 Hilfiker, Otto 557 Hingston, S. O 491 Hine, Willis 674 Hines, Samson 637 Hitchcock, James 4S7 Hollingshead, Joseph 691 Hopkins, William 694 Horn, Elisha 479 Horner, J. B 689 Houston, R. L 509 Hubbard, M. L 553 Hudson, Wilson 490 Hughes, M 546 Hutchinson, G. J 579 1. Imhofl", Peter. .636 Jackson, A. M i;98 Jennings, F. A 653 Jennings, S. C 566 Johnson, Calvin 634 Johnson, J. H 6S7 Johnson, Lewis 644 Judd, Hawkins 634 K. Kelley, W. F 1524 Kellogg, C. L 473 Kellogg, Josephine 472 Kellogg, O. N 471 Kellogg, R. D 469 Kendall, J. S 6^0 Ketchum, W. A 630 King, Elias ^63 King, George ;;79 King, H. M 622 Knowles, T. H 66^ Koger, B. F i;S2 Koger, Jordan 699 I-aney, W. J 652 Land'es, J. F 477 Latta, Calvin 506 Layton, H. R 5S9 Layton. J. W 640 Leonard, I larrod 673 Lillard, ]. M 600 Lillard, J. W 4S3 Logan, J. E 511 Long, A. B ^29 Lott, Simeon 691; Loving, William 534 Lou ranee, E. M 515 M. Machlan, G. W 489 Macv, David 545 Macy, E. C 577 Madaraz, Ladislans 643 Mader, J cob 6S9 Manning, John 647 Mather, J. W 617 McBroom, R. M 523 McCall, Robert 615 McCleary, Isaac 646 McCleary, J. B 5,1; McClearv, M. V ■r7S McClella'nd. J. R 506 McDonough, John 500 McHarness, Moses 552 McKee, J. M 616 McKee, W. L 484 McKibben, John 606 McLain, Adam 482 McLaughlin, J. W 1554 McNeil, S. P 67s McVay, William 696 Mendenhall, Elijah 514 Mercer, J. T 605 Metier, Samuel 695 Millin, Randall 696 Miller, H. S sSS Miller, Isaac 533 Miller, Jefferson 618 Mitchell, E 550 Mitchell, L. D nSo Moffet, A. W 486 Monroe, Isaac !;9i Moore, A. B 701 Moore, C. W 476 Moore, G. W 697 Moore, W. D 614 Morey. D. D 6S2 Morgan. Thomas 66> Morris, Madison 56c; Morris, Mahlon !;64 Mullinnix, C. P 639 Mullins, Patrick 698 N. Neulin, H. E 48? Newlin, John 503 Nicholson, D. F 5^1 Norton, C. L 661 O. Orfield, P. P 620 Osborn, Christopher 508 P. Parrish, J. O 55S Parris, W. H 679 Peck, Joseph 491 Pence, William 604 Penniwell, J. F 5S6 Perdue, James 698 Pettis, Andrew 671 Pierce, G 630 Piercy, J. W 475 Pryor, Allen 570 Pryor, J. A 623 R. R 'ucli, Anton 527 Reardon, Thomas 683 Redman, George 499 Reeder, N. M 667 Rhoads, Lewis 672 Richard, A. K 664 Richardson, Royal. . 640 Riggs, N. H 64S Robbins, W. S 68S :♦::•«;♦'■* >:>: ;♦>: »>: :♦>: :«!♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« ;c« :♦'♦: :♦::♦; :♦'♦: :♦:»: :♦;;!»: :♦:>: :♦::♦: »::« :♦:;♦: :«:♦: ?•:;♦: :♦:;« .*::♦; :♦::♦: >:r« :c*: :♦!♦: :♦>; K* :♦-♦: :♦>: :♦>; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;♦; •♦>; ;♦"♦: ;*:♦: ^^ ♦::♦; :♦>: ;c« :♦>: :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: !♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦>: ;♦:>; :♦:>: :♦::♦; .♦::♦: !♦;.*; *::♦; »: :♦:;♦: i^ :♦!»; >::♦: »>; ;c*: :♦"♦; >.:♦: >-♦; :♦'>; >♦ >■>: ,♦'♦: :♦.:♦: *'.'.*: >:>: :♦>: :♦:>: ♦ '♦" ^▼-y. J^-T-J^-iV- .»*jrjr^v^», .«« ^^w.». T. ,• .», .*», .♦. *: .♦..♦: »>: :♦:»: *;:♦: »:k »::♦: »:♦: »:»: :♦::♦: !«»: :«>: :«::♦: »::♦: %:♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »"♦: »::♦: ;♦"♦: ,*>: ;♦::« »"♦: :♦;* :♦:;♦: .♦::♦: >::♦: ^% :♦::♦: >::♦: *j* :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::«: »;»: »:;« »>: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :c* :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; »: !♦"♦: .♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦>: ;<«: »::♦: »::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:<»: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :»:•»: :c* :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ' •♦"« >:!« ;♦;;♦; !«>: »::«: »;;♦: ;♦::♦: Robev, F. A 660 Roberte, Jesse 668 Roberts, Richard 6l2 Robinson, Ebenezer 651 Robinson, E. J 544 Rogers, J. T 629 Ross, Francis 494 Ross, Jacob 656 Ross, W. A 695 Roy, A. A 624 Rudibaugh, G. W 517 Russell, J. W 590 S. Sage, James 675 Samson, Seth 662 Sa3les,L. H 609 Schuetz, Louis 684 Scott, John 553 Sears, D. G 678 Sears, J. J 668 Shaw, A. C 700 Shaw, G. W 646 Shields, J. S 475 Shinn, D. W 626 Shewmaker, G. W 592 Sigler, L. P 497 Smith, D. E 605 Smith, George 639 Smith, J. R 62S Smith, John 597 Smith, Joseph 512 Smithson, I. W 583 Spaeth, George 581 Spencer, N. C ..625 Springer, B. 527 Springer, J. B 517 Springer, J. G ..^ 569 Springer, Oliver 530 Stanley, Henry 668 Steam, A. B 496 Slearn, Daniel 493 Stebbins, H. A 588 Stiles, G. W 530 Stiles, O. E 481 Stone, James 663 CONTENTS. Stone , John 592 Stone, Rev. Wilson 557 Stout, W.J 619 Sullivan, W. J 640 Swan, Fre lerick 616 Swope, A. P 632 T. Teale, E. B 635 Teale, J. E 602 Teale, Thomas 654 Tift, E. W 566 Tillotson, Elijah 656 Tilton, H.L ...679 Thompson, F. M 644 Treanor, James 632 Trullinger, J. W 614 Tucker, Charles 596 Turner, Robert 638 Tuttle, Oliver 520 V. Vail, James 664 VanWerden, H. C 612 Varga, Francis 555 W. Wadsworth, G. W 552 Walker, B. T 661 Walker, G. P 601 Walker, S. F 559 Waller, Thomas ^67 Walton, H. L 6i;3 Warnock, W. S 48S Warrington, N. B 591; Wavtenbe, John 638 Wasson, M. A 531 Watsabaugh, P. C 575 Webster, S. W 64'^ West, William 699 Westervelt, Theron 528 Wheeler, W. C 598 Wiley, Isaac 489 Williams, Samuel 702 Wilson, N. T 5S5 Winget, J. H 617 Wolverton, Perry 635 Wood, C. C 658 Woodard, E. P 688 Woodbury, George 677 Woodmansee, r. W 595 Woods, W. M". 601 Worden, C. D 504 Worden, E. T 669 Worden, J. W 562 Worden, Silas 648 Y. Yarrington, Alvah 505 Yost, ]. W 620 Young, D. P 650 Young, G. T 582 Young, J. L 555 Young, Timon ^47 Young, W. H 64s Z. Zichey, L. E 630 Zook, Joseph 655 ^PORTRAITS.t Kellogg, R. D 468 Loving, William 536 Loving, Mrs 537 McDonough, John 501 McKibben, John 607 Pryor, Allen 572 Pryor, Mrs S73 Richardson, Royal 641 ^GENERAL ♦ HISTORY.^ Introductoiy 707 Early and Civil History 711 Political 716 The Civil War 718 The Press 744 Professional 747 Miscellaneous 755 Leon 767 Villages 775 **■ ■>'♦: -:♦: ■♦; '■:♦: '■ ♦: :■».♦: .*::♦: :♦:;♦: >:.4: :♦::♦; :*;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:•»: >::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦:.«; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: k« :♦::« ;♦•;* >:;♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦::«! >:;♦: >::« ;♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::* >"♦: »: :♦"* :♦:.!»: »■:♦: !»"♦: >"♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦: !*-::♦: :♦"*; :♦;:♦: >"»: »: >:;♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :<♦: »: :c« »: :♦::♦: »: :4u»: :c4i •♦35 >t« :♦:.« :♦"♦: :♦>: :c« ;♦:;« >"♦: WM »::« .♦^♦: ■AM m T-^yJCT-jp-T.^.^iT-jr^v-*, .•«»..» .».,* .♦. ♦-♦. :*:;v. :♦::♦: ;♦:»: »::♦: :c«: :«»: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« »: :♦"♦: >:;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :«:« :«:« :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;« :♦>: :«::♦: :♦>: ;♦>: ;«:♦: :«;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :<♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>; :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦>: »: ;♦"♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: :«"♦: >rj« »:!♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦>: »:>: ■♦::♦: >"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: *;>; :*::♦; »: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: '♦V :♦>: '♦:>; ■■:>: ':♦;:♦»»>;;♦:>"♦"♦::♦:♦ >' :♦,.*. :♦::■♦•: :«;♦; :c*; :«:>; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;«': :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;•: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦>: :♦::»: :♦::♦: .♦"«■: »::♦: »"♦; :*:♦' :♦:;♦: :♦::*: :♦;:* :♦:.*: :♦::♦: !»;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !♦"♦: :♦;* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦ :♦'■«. :♦:♦: :♦::♦ :♦:* :♦:;•♦•. :♦>: :«»: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦ :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦' :♦;;«• :♦:'■ !<• » :♦: :♦> ■♦:.'^ :♦;* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«• :♦::♦ :*>: :♦:* :*;♦: :♦;:♦: !♦::♦ :♦"♦: ;♦:♦ :*•- :•♦; *: ■»;» i*. *. >.<■ :♦:♦: !♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦;♦ :♦: >■. 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His father, Augustine Wash- ington, first married Jane But- ler, who bore him four chil- dren, and March 6, 1730, he married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second mar- riage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John, Au- gustine, Charles and Mildred, of whom the youngest died in infancy. Little is known of the early years of Washington, be3'ond the fact that the house in which he was bom was burned during his earl}' child- hood, and that his father thereupon moved to another farm, inherited from his paternal ancestors, situated in Stafford County, on the north bank of the Rappahannock, where he acted as agent of the Principio Iron Works in the immediate vicinity, and died there in 1743. From earliest childhood George devel- oped a noble character. He had a vigorous constitution, a fine form, and great bodily strength. His education was somewhat de- fective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighboring school. He developed, how- ever, a fondness for mathematics, and en- joyed in that branch the instructions of a private teacher. On leaving school he re- sided for some time at Mount Vernon with his half brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guardian, and who had married a daugh- ter of his neighbor at Belvoir on the Poto- mac, the wealthy William Fairfax, for some time president of the executive council of the colony. Both Fairfax and his son-in-law, Lawrence Washington, had served with dis- tinction in 1740 as officers of an American battalion at the siege of Carthagena, and were friends and correspondents of Admiral Vernon, for whom the latter's residence on the Potomac has been named. George's inclinations were for a similar career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him, probably through the influence of the Admiral ; but through the opposition of his mother the project was abandoned. The family connection with the Fairfaxes, how- ever, opened another career for the young man, who, at the age of sixteen, was ap- pointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax, who was then on a visit at Belvoir, and who shortly after- ward established his baronial residence at Greenway Court, in the Shenandoah Valley. •> >i •»■>: >>; >>; > >: :♦•>; ■•>^>: >.>: >■>: :♦:>; 'm. :♦:>; >::♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦; :♦:>; >:>: >::♦; >;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦; >::«': >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;*: >:>: >:♦: ;♦:♦; ;♦.♦; >:♦: ;♦:♦: >::♦: >!>: >>: :♦>; :♦;♦: :♦:;«; :♦':♦; >:>: »: >♦: >>: >>! >•:>: :♦.;♦: :♦:>; :♦:♦: :♦'>: >:.♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦:>; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:>: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: :♦:«•: ' • >" .♦ ». ;♦.♦: >:♦; >:♦; :♦.:♦: ■» ♦. ■>♦: .♦.*>..»..<*>>>..c*;>:;c»::<»>::>;;:'<*;:*;*'»::*;.*,>:* ii m >::♦; >:>: :♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦; :«•:;♦: >::♦; >:.^ :♦;:« :♦:;■« :♦::« :♦::« :♦;:*' >;:♦: ;♦:>; ;♦::•« ;♦:;« 'M'M >:>; >>; :♦::* :<•■♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; >■>! :«•;>; >:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::* :♦::«■; ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; >:>: :♦:>; :♦.:♦; >::♦: >::♦: :♦::■« :♦::♦: »::♦; *?»§ :♦::« »;:<6 :♦,:■« ;•»::« >::«5 ;♦::* >;:* *:« :*:'^ :♦::♦: :♦;:« •»:;«> :♦:;«( ;♦::* >:;^ :♦,:« »::♦: 5»;:«i :♦;;•« :♦;;♦; >;.♦: *;« :♦:;♦; *:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:« :■»::♦: >::♦; ;*::♦: ;♦::•« :♦::♦; ;♦;♦; :♦::♦; >:•♦> »;:«5 *::♦; ;«:« :♦:;'»; •♦::45 :♦:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦:>; P/iES/DhNTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. Three years were passed by young Wash- ington in a rough frontier life, gaining ex- perience which afterward proved very es- sential to him. In 175 1, when the Virginia militia were put under training wiih a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen 3'ears of age, was appointed Adjutant with the rank of Major. In Sep- tember of that year the failing liealth of Lawrence Washington rendered it neces- sary for him to seek a warmer climate, and George accompanied him in a voyage to Barbadoes. They returned earh- in 1752, and Lawrence shorti}- afterward died, leav- ing his large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as eventual heir to jNIount Vernon, and b)^ the death of the infant niece soon succeeded to that estate. On the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie as Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia in 1752 the militia was reorganized, and the prov- ince divided into four districts. Washing-- ton was commissioned by Dinwiddie Adju- tant-General of the Northern District in 1753, and in November of that year a most important as well as hazardous mission was assigned him. This was to proceed to the Canadian posts recently established on French Creek, near Lake Eric, to demand in the name of the King of England the withdrawal of the French from a territory claimed by Virginia. This enterprise had been declined by more than one officer, since it involved a journey through an ex- tensive and almost unexplored wilderness in the occupancy of savage Indian tribes, either hostile to the English, or of doubtful attachment. Major Washington, however, accepted the commission with alacrity ; and, accompanied by Captain Gist, he reached Fort Lc Bocuf on French Creek, delivered his dispatches and received reply, which, of course, was a polite refusal to surrender the posts. This reply was of such a character as to induce the Assembly of Virginia to authorize the executive to raise a regiment of 300 men for the purpose of maintaining the asserted rights of the British crown over the territory claimed. As Washing- ton declined to be a candidate for that post, the command of this regiment was given to Colonel Joshua Fr}-, and Major Washing- ton, at his own request, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. On the march to Ohio, news was received that a parl}^ previously sent to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela with the Ohio had been driven back by a considerable French force, which had completed the work there be- gun, and named it Fort Duquesne, in honor of the Marquis Duquesne, then Governor of Canada. This was the beginning of the great " French and Indian war," which con- tinued seven years. On the death of Colonel Fry, Washington succeeded to the com- mand of the regiment, and so well did he fulfill his trust that the Virginia Assembly commissioned him as Commander-in-Chief of all the forces raised in the colon}'. A cessation of all Indian hostility on the frontier having followed the expulsion of , the French from the Ohio, the object of Washington was accomplished and he re- signed his commission as Commander-in- Chief of the Virginia forces. He then pro- ceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the General Assembl}', of which he had been elected a member. January 17, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, a 3'oung and beautiful widow of great wealth, and de- voted himself for the ensuing fifteen years to the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted only by his annual attendance in winter upon the Colonial Legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his country to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world wide. It is unnecessary here to trace the details of the struggle upon the question of local :♦.:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:«; :♦>; ;♦:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦':♦: >:>; >;:♦: :♦;:«■ :♦;:♦! :«!:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦::♦: :«•»: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦. :«::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: :♦::♦; ;♦>: :♦.;♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :■»::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >:.>: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦;:•♦•: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::'•: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; w:!H. ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :*::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ' ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:* :♦.:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« ■<• ^:♦">^♦^♦"c♦>::c♦;:♦>"♦:ro>>::♦;:♦:>>::♦::♦::<♦::♦::♦:>^ •:;♦"♦:;♦>:■»;« .♦.:<■:♦»» ♦;:♦:»».»■ ;♦: ♦, :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦■: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦• :♦;*: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: *:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦•; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :<♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: '♦::* ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:■»; :♦::•»: :♦:■♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:.♦; :•»::«: :♦;.♦: :♦:;♦: :*.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦;.*•; :♦;:♦: %>: :♦:>; *;;♦; :♦:>: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦:;♦; ,*::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :«:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;♦: •♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦:.♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦':♦: .*•:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦]>: :*::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :■•::♦: •••:♦: w.m :♦;:♦: >::♦: :«::♦: :«::♦: >::«: :♦;:♦; ■•::♦: •»::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: *>: >:iK ;♦!:♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦•: 3»>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>; :*::<•: :♦:;♦: >:♦: '♦ • GEORGE WASHINGTON. self-government, which, after ten years, cul- minated by act of Parliament of the port of Boston. It was at the instance of Virginia that a congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadelphia September 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties — if possible by peaceful means. To this Congress Colonel Washington was sent as a dele- gate. On dissolving in October, it recom- mended the colonies to send deputies to another Congress the following spring. In the meantime several of the colonies felt impelled to raise local forces to repel in- sults and aggressions on the part of British troops, so that on the assembling of the next Congress, May 10, 1775, the war prepara- tions of the mother country were unmis- takable. The battles of Concord and Lex- ington had been fought. Among the earliest acts, therefore, of the Congress was the selection of a commander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This office was unani- mously conferred upon Washington, still a member of the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but on the express condition he should receive no salar\'. He immediately repaired to the vicinity of Boston, against which point the British ministry had concentrated their forces. As early as April General Gage had 3,000 troops in and around this proscribed city. During the fall and winter the British policy clearl)' indicated a purpose to divide pub- lic sentiment and to build up a British party in the colonies. Those who sided with the ministry were stigmatized b}^ the patriots as " Tories," while the patriots took to them- selves the name of " Whigs." As earl)' as 1776 the leading men had come to the conclusion that there was no hope except in separation and indepen- dence. In May of that year Washington wrote from the head of the army in New York: "A reconciliation with Great Brit- ain is impossible When I took command of the army, 1 abhorred tiie idea of independence ; but I am now fully satis- fied that nothing else will save us." It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of the patriot hero, to whose hands the fortunes and liberties of the United States were confided during the seven years' bloody struggle that ensued until the treaty of 1783, in which England acknowledged the independence of each of the thirteen States, and negotiated with them, jointly, as separate sovereignties. The merits of Washington as a military chief- tain have been considerabl}' discussed, espe- cially by writers in his own country. Dur- ing the war he was most bitterly assailed for incompetency, and great efforts were made to displace him ; but he never for a moment lost the confidence of either the Congress or the people. December 4, 1783, the great commander took leave of his offi- cers in most affectionate and patriotic terms, and went to Annapolis, Marjdand, where the Congress of the States was in session, and to that body, when peace and order prevailed everywhere, resigned his com- mission and retired to Mount Vernon. It was in 1788 that Washington was called to the chief magistracy of the nation. He received every electoral vote cast in all the colleges of the States voting for the office of President. The 4th of March, 1789, was the time appointed for the Government of the United States to begin its operations, but several weeks elapsed before quorums of both the newly constituted houses of the Congress were assembled. The city of New York was the place where the Congress then met. April 16 Washington left his home to enter upon the discharge of his new duties. He set out with a purpose of traveling privately, and without attracting any public attention ; but this was impossi- ble. Everywhere on his way he was met with thronging crowds, eager to see the man whom the}' regarded as the chief de- fender of their liberties, and everywhere ^♦:;ccc»;>::ccc»;;cc:;c»;'*>::c*;.*;:*.>:>;.*.:*.>:.«.^':* ;♦•!: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; *:*; > ♦! :♦::♦; :♦:»; *::♦: *.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦':♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:* :♦::•; ;<•::■»: ;♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦*: :♦:♦: :♦>: >';♦; ■•;.♦) >"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: •♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::*; :♦::»: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦;* :♦:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:♦; :♦;* :♦;:♦; :♦:.•♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;>; :«:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: '>:;♦: :♦::♦; ♦■♦: ;♦!>: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;>: :♦;:*■: :♦:.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦.;♦; >"♦: :♦::♦: .>::♦: :♦:>: :♦:* ;♦.:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«; :♦::♦: :♦::«': :♦::« »::♦: <»:>: !»:>; :♦:>: :♦:* :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: !♦::♦: *;:♦: :*>: :♦:.♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :«::«': PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦.:♦; > ♦: ;*>] »i >>; :*>: ♦ ♦: >■>: >,.>; '.<;:«■; ■^:>: :-.■ ♦ .*> .» > :♦;>: »: > > ii ♦ :♦;>: :♦:;♦: >:>: >.:♦: »: >:.♦: >>: :»>: ■>» ♦: ;•>.:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >■>: >* :♦:♦: •♦:>; :♦:>; :♦::♦; ;♦.♦: ■»■> >;♦; "<■::*: > .*: '<' ^*; >:;♦: :<- >' :«..♦: ;♦;♦; >::♦: :*:♦: ;*:>: ;♦:♦; :♦.;♦; ;♦;:♦: ;♦>: :♦::♦: >.* ;•»:>; ;♦;>; :♦;:♦: >.>; ;♦::«•: ;♦'♦; :♦:>, ;♦:*: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;■♦; :■*:>: i >■ < ♦: he was hailed with those public manifesta- tions of joy, regard and love which spring spontaneously from the hearts of an affec- tionate and grateful people. His reception in New York was marked by a grandeur and an enthusiasm never before witnessed in that metropolis. The inauguration took place April 30, in thepresenceof an immense multitude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. The oath of office was administered by Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor of the State. When this sacred pledge was given, he retired with the other officials into the Senate chamber, where he delivered his inaugural address to both houses of the newly con- stituted Congress in joint assembly. In the manifold details of his civil ad- ministration, Washington proved himself equal to the requirements of his position. The greater portion of the first session of the first Congress was occupied in passing the necessary- statutes for putting the new organization into complete operation. In the discussions brought up in the course of this legislation the nature and character of the new system came under general review. On no one of them did any decided antago- nism of opinion arise. AH held it to be a limited government, clothed only with spe- cific powers conferred by delegation from the States. There was no change in the name of the legislative department ; it still remained " the Congress of the United States of America." There was no change in the original flag of the country, and none in the seal, which illll remains with the Grecian escutcheon borne by the eagle, with other emblems, under the great and expressive motto, " E Piuribus Unwn." The first division of parties arose upon the manner of construing the powers dele- gated, and the)' were first styled " strict constructionists" and " latitudinarian con- structionists." The former were for con- fining the action of the Government strictly within its specific and limited sphere, while the others were for enlarging its powers by inference and implication. Hamilton and Jefferson, both members of the first cabinet, were regarded as the chief leaders, respect- ivel3% of these rising antagonistic parties, which have existed, under different names, from that da)' to this. Washington was re- garded as holding a neutral position between them, though, by mature deliberation, he vetoed the first apportionment bill, in 1790, passed by the party headed by Hamilton, which was based upon a principle construct- ively leading to centralization or consoli- dation. This was the first exercise of the veto power under the present Constitution. It created considerable excitement at the time. Another bill was soon passed in pur- suance of Mr. Jefferson's views, which has been adhered to in principle in every ap- portionment act passed since. At the second session of the new Con- gress, Washington announced the gratify- ing fact of " the accession of North Caro- lina" to the Constitution of 1787, and June I of the same year he announced by special message the like " accession of the State of Rhode Island," with his congratulations on the happy event which " united under the general Government" all the States which were originally confederated. In 1792, at the second Presidential elec- tion, Washington was desirous to retire ; but he yielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen President by the unanimous vote of every electoral college. At the third election, 1796, he was again most urgently entreated to consent to remain in the executive chair. This he positively refused. In September, before the election, he gave to his countrymen his memorable Farewell Address, which in lan- guage, sentiment and patriotism was a fit and crowning glory of his illustrious life. After March 4, 1797, he again retired to Mount Vernon for peace, quiet and repose. >>: :V>: >■ >: :♦>■ >>' >:♦; ;♦:;♦: >!!♦; >:* .♦;♦: :♦>; >:;♦; 'ff'. >:>: >:>: ;«:■>: »: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: >::♦: >"♦: :♦■'< :♦:>: >:♦: :♦.:♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦♦' ;♦::♦: ,♦,<> .•»•*; •> •>: ;>,;<-: ■*>: *:*! :<•> *'♦: > *; ♦.>: ;*;♦: ;■»:*: .♦.♦; ;•>:» :>::♦; :<• >i > <»; :<•..'! :♦.:»: >.:♦) .♦ »: ." y. ■.».:♦! :♦:>; >:>; ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; >:;♦: :♦:;♦; :«■;>: >::»: >:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦.♦: .♦;>: ♦ ♦: .♦:.♦: ♦ ♦' :> >: ♦..>] :♦;:♦: .■^;■♦: *:.♦. ♦ ■»: ;♦.«• A ■>; :♦ .♦: ;♦::♦: >:.♦; ■«:♦: '..'•.ci-,.*>>;ai»>x*iti»>;:* ■"' ' ;->;>;*;:c*;:*:*:c**:co:;*:;«!:«»:;cc*'*:C'»:j»;>' ■ i'.^.*M»M»M»M0MK*:»:if:».i^i(:ii:»:ii:m:ai:»:i>M GEORGE WASHINGION. * * *^ * *:'i':i*~*:!>'/i'.v::VAyi>y*yi^^^^ :♦;.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: >:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;•«•; :♦::♦; ;■»:;♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :*::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; »::«: ■•"♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:•»; >;;♦; ;♦;:♦; ■3 :*:r :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦; !»;>: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦)>: :♦:*; >:>: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::'»: :♦::♦; >;:♦; ;♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: >::♦; ;♦::♦: •♦::♦; :♦;♦: :♦"♦; :•;:♦: :♦;;«? :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: •♦::♦; :♦::♦: >"♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: >:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦;>: >:>: >:>" >i> :♦ < :♦::•.:♦. :♦:>..♦: His administration for the two terms had been successful beyond the expectation and hopes of even the most sanguine of his friends. The finances of the country were no longer in an embarrassed condition, the public credit was fully restored, life was given to every department of industry, the workings of the new system in allowing Congress to raise revenue from duties on imports proved to be not only harmonious in its federal action, but astonishing in its results upon the commerce and trade of all the States. The exports from the Union increased from $19,000,000 to over $56,000,- 000 per annum, while the imports increased in about the same proportion. Three new members had been added to the Union. The progress of the States in their new career under their new organization thus far was exceedingly encouraging, not only to the friends of libert}- within their own limits, but to their sympathizing allies in all climes and countries. 01 the call again made on this illustrious chief to quit his repose at Mount Vernon and take command of all the United States forces, with the rank of Lieutenant-General, when war was threatened with France in 1798, nothing need here be stated, except to note the fact as an unmistakable testimo- nial of the high regard in which he was still held by his countrymen, of all shades of po- litical opinion. He patriotically accepted this trust, but a treaty of peace put a stop to all action under it. He again retired to Mount Vernon, where, after a short and severe illness, he died December 14, 1799, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. The whole country was filled with gloom by this sad intelligence. Men of all parties in poli- tics and creeds in religion, in every State in the Union, united with Congress in " pay- ing honor to the man, first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- men." His remains were deposited in a family vault on the banks of the Potomac at Mount Vernon, where they still lie entombed. :♦:.♦; :♦♦: :♦ ♦: * ♦; >:'♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦'♦.' :♦:>; :♦'♦; '■*'*'. :♦:.♦: .-».♦: ;> >; » >; <■ >'. ♦ ♦.♦.>;:*;:*:>;>;;f>:>:>;:»:;>"f>:>>"f:<:*>::ccc**:c*"^^ .♦.^..♦>>;>;>;;c*;c*::c*;:«!>;:cccc*:*:»:;c»i:»;;cc«;i»;'^^ :♦::♦; 14 PRhS/DENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. .♦.:♦. >:>: :♦::♦; :♦::•« :♦::♦; .*::♦: >::♦: :'•!:'»: »; :♦;»• :♦:;'« :*:♦; >::♦: ;♦;:« >::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; >;:♦: ;«::♦; :♦;>; :♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦; >;:«•: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::« >:;'^ :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :•♦;:♦: >::♦: :*:;♦; :♦::»: >:♦: >;>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 3>;:*; »;>: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: !«:♦: !«■;»: :♦:>: >;;♦: :♦;:♦; :«:♦: :«::♦; >:.♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:•»; :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :c« :«'>: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: .%:♦: :♦::♦: :•»::« :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:'♦; »; >:'♦: :♦:■*; :♦:>: :*:*; :*■;■>: ■« :♦; "' iTTrlTl I ■' t'l T I ' t f I' n itt' J tivtiti'i J» ' V ! ' ',I'.! L'-lll_' ;j^_i.:^fitl^t(j'j | j|' f.t 'l.'H! M V " t ' 1' ' ' H W 1.V','.TH.HMM)'J'.l.1f l.'.M.^*^ : i m t! i'n 1 1 f»T»»»¥yffgVfc'^>i('gti OHN ADAMS, the second President of the United States, 1797 to 1 80 1, was born in the present town of Qiiinc}-, then a portion of Braintree, Massachu- setts, October 30, 1735. His father was a farmer of mod- erate means, a worthy and industrious man. He was a deacon in the church, and was ver}- desirous of giving his son a collegiate educa- tion, hoping that he would become a minister of the jospcl. But, as up to this time, the age of fourteen, he had been only a pla3'-boy in the fields and forests, he had no taste for books, he chose farming. On being set to work, however, by his father out in the field, the very first day con- verted the boy into a lover of books. Accordingly, at the age of sixteen he entered Harvard College, and graduated in 1755, at tlie age of twenty, highl}' esteemed for integrity, energy and ability. Thus, having no capital but his education, he started out into the storm}- w(jrld at a time of great political excitement, as France and England were then engaged in their great seven-years struggle for the mastery over the New World. The fire of patriotism I seized young Adams, and for a tiaic he studied over the question whether he f should take to the law, to politics or the army. He wrote a remarkable letter to a friend, making prophecies concerning the future greatness of this country which have since been more than fulfilled. For two years he taught school and studied law, ; wasting no odd moments, and at the early age of twenty-two years he opened a law office in his native town. His inherited powers of mind and untiring devotion to his profession caused him to rise rapidly in public esteem. In October, 1764, Mr. Adams married Miss Abigail Smith, daughter of a clergy- man at Weymouth and a lad}' of rare per- sonal and intellectual endowments, who afterward contributed much to her hus- band's celebrity. Soon the oppression of the British in America reached its climax. The Boston merchants employed an attorney by the name of James Otis to argue the legality of oppressive tax law before the Superior Court. Adams heard the argument, and afterward wrote to a friend concerning the ability displayed, as follows: "Otis was a flame of fire. With a promptitude of classical allusion, a depth of research, a rapid summary of historical events and dates, a profusion of legal authorities and a ■*•:>" 0md ♦:;♦;;♦;*:♦;;♦>::♦;:♦::♦. :♦•:♦;:♦;:♦.:♦;;•"♦"♦::♦,'♦::♦"♦:> ♦:;♦:.♦;:♦»»»..♦>. •■ .♦,♦. >;♦! >:♦; >>: :♦>; ;<■♦; > >: .'<■ ♦: '.* .♦: ♦ ,♦: ;♦;>: ;♦>: :♦.;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: »; ;♦::♦; :♦■>; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;>; ;♦::♦; :♦:.♦; >:>: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :■♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦:»: :♦:*: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;*>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:<{ :«:;♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:»: :♦:;♦: ^ :♦;>; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«;♦: >;:♦: :♦.■* JOHN ADAMS. '7 prophetic glance into futurity, he hurried awa^' all before him. American independence zvas then and there born. Every man of an immensely crowded audience appeared to me to go away, as I did, ready to take up arms." Soon Mr. Adams wrote an essay to be read before the literar}' club of his town, upon the state of affairs, which was so able as to attract public attention. It was pub- lished in American journals, republished in England, and was pronounced by the friends of the colonists there as " one of the very best productions ever seen from North America." The memorable Stamp Act was now issued, and Adams entered with all the ardor of his soul into political life in order to resist it. He drew up a series of reso- lutions remonstrating against the act, which were adopted at a public meeting of the citizens of Braintrec, and which were sub- sequently adopted, word for word, by more than forty towns in the State. Popular commotion prevented the landing of the Stamp Act papers, and the English author- ities then closed the courts. The town of Boston therefore appointed Jeremy Grid- ley, James Otis and John Adams to argue a petition before the Governor and council for the re-opening of the courts; and while the two first mentioned attorneys based their argument upon the distress caused to the people b}- the measure, Adams boldly claimed that the Stamp Act was a violation both of the English Constitution and the charter of the Provinces. It is said that this was the first direct denial of the un- limited right of Parliament over the colo- nics. Soon after this the Stamp Act was repealed. Directly Mr. Adams was employed to defend Ansell Nickerson, who had killed an Englishman in the act of impressing him (Nickerson) into the King's service, and his client was acquitted, the court thus estab- lishing the principle that the infamous royal prerogative of impressment could have no existence in the colonial code. But in 1770 Messrs. Adams and Josiah Quincy defended a party of British soldiers who had been arrested for murder when they had been only obeying Governmental orders ; and when reproached for thus ap- parently deserting the cause of popular liberty, Mr. Adams replied that he would a thousandfold rather live under the domina- tion of the worst of England's kings than under that of a lawless mob. Next, after serving a term as a member of the Colonial Legislature from Boston, Mr. Adams, find- ing his health affected by too great labor, retired to his native home at Braintree. The year 1774 soon arrived, with its fa- mous Boston " Tea Party," the first open act of rebellion. Adams was sent to the Congress at Philadelphia ; and when the Attorney-General announced that Great Britain had " determined on her system, and that her power to execute it was irre- sistible," Adams replied : " I know that Great Britain has determined on her sys- tem, and that very determination deter- mines me on mine. You know that I have been constant in my opposition to her measures. The die is now cast. I have passed the Rubicon. Sink or swim, live or die, with my country, is my unalterable determination." The rumor beginning to prevail at Philadelphia that the Congress had independence in view, Adams foresaw tiiat it was too soon to declare it openly. He advised every one to remain quiet in that respect ; and as soon as it became ap- parent that he himself was for independ- ence, he was advised to hide himself, which he did. The next year the great Revolutionary war opened in earnest, and Mrs. Adams, residing near Boston, kept her husband ad- vised by letter of all the events transpiring in her vicinity. The battle of Bunker Hill > > >:♦ >:♦' :♦:♦: > >' >*'■'* > ♦. >'♦' >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: !»::♦: ;♦"♦: >♦" >.:♦. m. » >:♦: >>: ;♦!* :♦;;»: >:>: :♦;>; :♦>: >:>: !»':•' :♦:>: ;♦:♦! :♦::♦: »::♦; ;♦>- :♦.:♦: >■>: :«* >> :♦:>; :♦:>: :■*::«: >:;♦! :♦:>: :♦.* :■» *: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦ :♦> :♦.:♦; :•»:;♦: :•»■ -f' .♦..<■. >::♦; :♦:;« :*>: ;♦::♦' ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: >:♦; :♦;•♦: :♦>. >:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: ;♦!<►! ;♦:;♦: *,:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:* :♦:♦: *>: :♦;:♦: ;♦.:♦; :♦;♦: :-»::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•♦':♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>: ■;♦:♦»>:.■• 18 PRES/DENTS OF THE IWITED STATES. ■to; :<• • !♦:*; >;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::*: ;♦:■»: ;♦>: ;♦:;;•: :«:•*: ;«. ♦: >:*: :<:*; :♦;:♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: > '■■'; > -*; ;<■' '■*'. :« <>: ;♦:♦: ;♦:*: .<-:,•») :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :•>:>: 'fi.t. f: *'. •»■:>; :<■:■»: :♦:♦: :♦>: .*:♦; .*::♦: :♦::♦: :•»;:♦: :•»::♦; >;>: ■<•♦; :♦:>: >. a; »;■»; :♦>: :♦:«; •♦:* >!>: ■«■:■»: :♦:♦: :♦'«■: !'.: v y v' » ;♦:*: came on. Congress had to do something immediately. The first thing was to choose a commander-in-chief for the — we can't say " army " — the fighting men of the colonies. The New England delegation was almost unanimous in favor of appoint- ing General Ward, then at the head of the Massachusetts forces, but Mr. Adams urged the appointment of George Washington, then almost unknown outside of his own State. He was appointed without oppo- sition. Mr. Adams offered the resolution, which was adopted, annulling all the royal authority in the colonies. Having thus prepared the way, a few weeks later, viz., June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, of Vir- ginia, who a few months before had declared that the British Government would aban- don its oppressive measures, now offered the memorable resolution, seconded by Adams, "that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and independent." Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman and Livingston were then appointed a commit- tee to draught a declaration of independ- ence. Mr. Jefferson desired Mr. Adams to draw up the bold document, but the latter persuaded Mr. Jefferson to perform that responsible task. The Declaration drawn up, Mr. Adams became its foremost defender on the floor of Congress. It was signed b)' all the fifty-five members present, and the next day Mr. Adams wrote to his wife how great a deed was done, and how proud he was of it. Mr. Adams continued to be the leading man of Congress, and the leading advocate of American inde- pendence. Above all other Americans, he was considered by every one the prin- cipal shining mark for British vengeance. Thus circumstanced, he was appointed to the most dangerous task of crossing the ocean in winter, exposed to capture by the British, who knew of his mission, which was to visit Paris and solicit the co-opera- tion of the French. Besides, to take him- self away from the country of which he was the most prominent defender, at that critical time, was an act of the greatest self- sacrifice. Sure enough, while crossing the sea, he had two very narrow escapes from capture ; and the transit was otherwise a storm)- and eventful one. During the summer of 1779 he returned home, but was immediately dispatched back to France, to be in readiness there to negotiate terms of peace and commerce with Great Britain as soon as the latter power was read}- for such business. But as Dr. Franklin was more popular than heat the court of France, Mr. Adams repaired to Holland, where he was far more successful as a diplomatist. The treaty of peace between the United States and England was finally signed at Paris, January 21, 1783; and the re-action from so great excitement as Mr. Adams had so long been experiencing threw him into a dangerous fever. Before he full}- re- covered he was in London, whence he was dispatched again to Amsterdam to negoti- ate another loan. Compliance with this order undermined his physical constitution for life. In 1785 Mr. Adams was appointed envoy to the court of St. James, to meet face to face the very king who had regarded him as an arch traitor ! Accordingly he re- paired thither, where he did actually meet and converse with George III.! After a residence there for about three years, he obtained permission to return to America. While in London he wrote and published an able work, in three volumes, entitled: " A Defense of the American Constitution." The Articles of Confederation proving inefficient, as Adams had prophesied, a carefully draughted Constitution was adopted in 1789, when George Washington was elected President of the new nation, and Adams Vice-President. Congress met for a time in New York, but was removed to Philadelphia for ten years, until suitable ;♦::♦; :•♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::•»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;••; :♦;;♦; ;♦;>; j»;*; :♦::♦: m. ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >!>; :*:>: :♦:;♦: :«•;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:■»: :♦::♦: .*::♦; :♦::♦; >:>: :■*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;*;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦::<»: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: w.v. :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; •;♦.;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; *;♦; *:♦: !♦;♦: :•»■;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;♦; ;*:♦: ;♦;■♦: f:c«:*;:*;;c*;:*::«:*:»;:c*:c*>::*::*:»::*>::ccc*::*:*"«»>:it;:*>::^^^^ ♦.;*..«.«;*;;c<».:*>>:»;:c*>>;LCccc*;*:*;:*;:*;;«i*:«:c** " JK^iiilSiiKiKs^^i^ixscixSii^iiS^iiiiriiii ♦'♦;:♦::♦;:♦;:♦;>::♦»»■•« ;♦;*. ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:■•■ :♦::♦: :•♦•:•»: :♦:;♦; :♦:'«•' ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:* ;♦;>: ;♦:>: ■»;;«•: :♦.:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:»: >"♦: >::♦: :*::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;«::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦; :♦::♦: >::•; :♦"♦: :••;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »:•»• :♦::♦: :«■:* :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦»♦: yO/ZA' .■lZ>ylil/5. '9 >"♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦:;♦: :*;♦; >;;♦; »; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;»: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*;*: :♦"♦: :♦::«; :♦::* :♦"♦; 'm * ♦' buildings should be erected at the new capital in the District of Columbia. Mr. Adams then moved his family to Phila- delphia. Toward the close of his term of office the French Revolution culminated, when Adams and Washington rather sympathized with England, and Jefferson with France. The Presidential election of 1796 resulted in giving Mr. Adams the first place by a small majority, and Mr. Jeffer- son the second place. Mr. Adams's administration was consci- entious, patriotic and able. The period was a turbulent one, and even an archangel could not have reconciled the hostile par- ties. Partisanism with reference to Eng- land and France was bitter, and for four years Mr. Adams struggled through almost a constant tempest of assaults. In fact, he was not truly a popular man, and his cha- grin at not receiving a re-election was so great that he did not even remain at Phila- delphia to witness the inauguration of Mr. Jefferson, his successor. The friendly intimacy between these two men was interrupted for about thirteen years of their life. Adams finally made the first advances toward a restoration of their mutual friend- ship, which were gratefully accepted by Jefferson. Mr. Adams was glad of his opportunity to retire to private lite, where he could rest his mind and enjoy the comforts of home. By a thousand bitter experiences he found the path of public duty a thorny one. For twenty-six years his service of the public was as arduous, self-sacrificing and devoted as ever fell to the lot of man. In one im- portant sense he was as much the " Father of his Country" as was Washington in another sense. During these long years of anxiety and toil, in which he was laying- broad and deep, the foundations of the greatest nation the sun ever shone upon, he received from his impoverished country a meager support. The only privilege he carried with him into his retirement was that of franking his letters. Although taking no active part in public affairs, both himself and his son, John Quincy, nobly supported the policy of Mr. Jefferson in resisting the encroachments of England, who persisted in searching American ships on the high seas and dragging from them any sailors that might be designated by any pert lieutenant as British subjects. Even for this noble sup- port Mr. Adams was maligned by thou- sands of bitter enemies ! On this occasion, for the first time since his retirement, he broke silence and drew up a very able paper, exposing the atrocity of the British pretensions. Mr. Adams outlived nearly all his family. Though his physical frame began to give way many years before his death, his mental powers retained their strength and vigor to the last. In his ninetieth year he was gladdened by the popular elevation of his son to the Presidential office, the highest in the gift of the people. A few months more passed away and the 4th of July, 1826, arrived. The people, unaware of the near approach of the end of two great lives— that of Adams and Jefferson— were making unusual preparations for a national holiday. Mr. Adams lay upon his couch, listening to the ringing of bells, the waftures of martial music and the roar of cannon, with silent emotion. Only four days before, he had given for a public toast, " Independence forever." About two o'clock in the after- noon he said, "And Jefferson still survives." But he was mistaken by an hour or so; and in a few minutes he had breathed his last. ;■♦ .*' .«, >. :*.> '.* * ;♦."> >:> * * > * ;«•:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:«•; >:♦ •»;;♦: »; »: :♦:>: :♦::♦; a:*: :♦;:♦; ;♦.;♦: '♦.:»: ;♦* >;:♦: »: , :♦:;♦: :■••:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :*:>: »;»; :♦:>; :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >:»; :♦;* :«>: *::♦: :♦;♦; ;♦:* ;♦;;♦: *>: :♦;:* ;♦:>; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: *;♦: ■».:♦: :•♦:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦■ :♦:•■ :♦>: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;«•::♦; :♦;:*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ■*:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;«% :♦:»: :♦:•«• ■«■">" '^^Ill^^J^^J^^JJJJ^JiJJJJJJ^i^i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ >;>^>"* ♦*'♦♦♦♦♦■♦♦■*♦'*♦'♦'♦ *'*'^ '♦♦'♦♦ >**^ -♦; .•>;♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: > »:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ^* w.w. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: ;•»:;♦: :«"♦: :•*:!»: :♦:;♦: .%:♦: :«::« >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :■»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: >:»: :♦::♦: >::♦: :*:♦; :♦:;♦: s»;:* :♦::♦: !»:>: *:;♦: *;* ;♦::♦: :«.4: ' :♦:.♦: ;♦:)»: ;♦:;'•: mm :♦:<►: ■ >:;♦; ;♦::♦: s»>: :♦::♦; >:.^: :♦:;♦! :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :«::♦: ;♦;:♦; >::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: »:« >:!♦: *♦: , \; . >; .■».,♦; !♦::♦: .*"♦; >"♦; »'♦: PRESIDE.VTS OF THE U MIT ED STATES. J^5^^^^2^S^ giSE HHHHHHHSEHSHHHaHHES2H^Sa2SEa22^EEHH2HHSH2^EE:^^ -TH OMAS JEFFER- son, the third Presi- dent of the United States, 1801-9, ^^'''s born April 2, 1743, jiir--^i'ij;sx vf^s^r the eldest child of 2J j ■'^jj I his parents, Peter 'i&.'M;;-' I and Jane (Randolph) Jef- ferson, near Charlottes- ville, Albemarle County, Virginia, upon the slopes of the Blue Ridge. When he • was fourteen years of age, his father died, leav- ing a widow and eight children. She was a beau- tiful and accomplished lady, a good letter-writer, with a fund of humor, and an admirable housekeeper. His parents belonged to the Church of England, and are said to be of Welch origin. But little is known of them, however. Thomas was naturally of a serious turn of mind, apt to learn, and a favorite at school, his choice studies being mathemat- ics and the classics. At the age of seven- teen he entered William and Mary College, in an advanced class, and lived in rather an expensive style, conscquentlv being much caressed by gay society. That he was not ruined, is proof of his stamina of character. But during his second year he discarded society, his horses and even his favorite violin, and devoted thenceforward fifteen hours a day to hard study, becoming ex- traordinarily proficient in Latin and Greek authors. On leaving college, before he was twenty- one, he commenced the study of law, and pursued it diligently until he was well qualified for practice, upon which he entered in 1767. By this time he was also versed in French, Spanish, Italian and An- glo-Saxon, and in the criticism of the fine arts. Being very polite and polished in his manners, he won the friendship of all whom he met. Though able with his pen, he was not fluent in public speech. In 1769 he was chosen a member of the Virginia Legislature, and was the largest slave-holding member of that body. He introduced a bill empowering slave-holders to manumit their slaves, but it was rejected by an overwhelming vote. In 1770 Mr. Jefferson met with a great loss ; his house at Shadwell was burned, and his valuable library of 2,000 volumes was consumed. But he was wealthy enough to replace the most of it, as from his 5,000 acres tilled by slaves and his practice at the bar his income amounted to about §5,000 a year. In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha Skelton, a beautiful, wealthy and accomplished ►::♦"♦>"♦"♦:> ■ :o>::o>>::*"*:»:s»:»>::>"*»"*:c«:«»::c*rc*^ *;<>..».>.*..*.*.t.t >..♦..♦;♦*.♦:♦;.♦.. ♦.:♦..♦.;♦..♦,>..♦.*:♦,;♦:;♦;:♦;:♦;.♦..♦.:♦:;♦..♦..♦..♦..♦..♦. ♦..♦:*.»..^^ :♦::♦;'* :♦;:♦;:«; :♦::♦: »:»: :■«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: »:;♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: »::« :«;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: »;;« r«:« »::♦: .^"♦: >;:♦: W.ff. >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »::♦: >::♦: !»::♦: »:;♦: :♦"»: ;♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦:♦: »::« ;»::♦: ;-»;:♦: :♦;:♦: §»::♦: !»::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: !•::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: !»"♦: »;:♦; »::♦: >;:♦: »::♦: W-, »::♦: *::♦: :■»::«; *;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: >;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: »•:♦: >;;♦; :♦::«: :♦"♦; »•;;♦: ^* !»::♦: :♦::«: !•:>: >::♦: :♦:;«: 5»;;»: »:»: >::♦: 'ff:ff. !♦::*: >::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;■»: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: •»■■;♦; >;■«::♦; >;.♦;:♦; •♦v>■■*.'>"♦>'*"'♦"♦":♦;;v:♦"♦:;♦•;♦^*:;♦::♦::♦::♦::♦::*::;♦:»:>::♦::♦:*:♦:;♦;*:.*:*..<^ «■♦.♦ ■ ■■>:>::♦:;♦;;♦;;♦;;♦;.♦'<; >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦: :♦;>; >:>: >"♦: :♦:;* >:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: »: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«' :♦::♦: :♦::»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ■ >;:♦; »: :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: »::♦: >::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :«:« :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::* >::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: >::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«:;♦: :«:♦: :♦;:«': :♦:;♦; :♦:«:♦: *'*:♦; THOMAS JEFFERSON. 23 young widow, who owned 40,000 acres of land and 130 slaves; yet he labored assidu- ously for the abolition of slavery. For his new home he selected a majestic rise of land upon his large estate at Shadwell, called Monticello, whereon he erected a mansion of modest yet elegant architecture. Here he lived in luxury, indulging his taste in magnificent, high-blooded horses. At this period the Britisli Government gradually became more insolent and op- pressive toward the American colonies, and Mr. Jefferson was ever one of the most foremost to resist its encroachments. From time to time he drew up resolutions of re- monstrance, which were finally adopted, thus proving his abilit}' as a statesman and as a leader. Bj^ the year 1774 he became quite busy, both with voice and pen, in de- fending the right of the colonies to defend themselves. His pamphlet entitled: "A Summary View of the Rights of British America," attracted much attention in Eng- land. The following year he, in company with George Washington, served as an ex- ecutive committee in measures to defend by arms the State of Virginia. As a Mem- ber of the Congress, he was not a speech- maker, yet in conversation and upon committees he was so frank and decisive that he always made a favorable impression. But as late as the autumn of 1775 he re- mained in hopes of reconciliation with the parent country. At length, however, the hour arrived for draughting the " Declaration of Indepen- dence," and this responsible task was de- volved upon Jefferson. Franklin, and Adams suggested a few verbal corrections before it was submitted to Congress, which was June 28, 1776, onl}' six days before it was adopted. During the three days of the fiery ordeal of criticism through wliich it passed in Congress, Mr. Jefferson opened not his lips. John Adams was the main champion of the Declaration on the floor :>;*r»?5ir>s>^>">>:,» .♦>:;♦:.♦..♦:.♦:♦■;♦;♦";♦•♦•♦;♦■:♦♦■•♦■■♦ •♦■■♦••♦■■♦••♦■>-.♦■. of Congress. The signing of this document was one of the most solemn and momentous occasions ever attended to by man. Prayer and silence reigned throughout the hall, and each signer realized that if American independence was not finall}' sustained by arms he was doomed to the scaffold. After the colonies became independent States, Jefferson resigned for a time his seat in Congress in order to aid in organizing the government of Virginia, of whicli State he was chosen Governor in 1779, when he was thirty-six years of age. At this time the British had possession of Georgia and were invading South Carolina, and at one time a British officer, Tarleton, sent a secret expedition to Monticello to capture the Governor. Five minutes after Mr. Jefferson escaped with his famil}', his man- sion was in possession of the enemy ! The British troops also destroyed his valuable plantation on the James River. " Had they carried off the slaves," said Jefferson, with characteristic magnanimity, " to give them freedom, they would have done right." The 3'ear 1781 was a gloomy one for the Virginia Governor. While confined to his secluded home in the forest by a sick and dying wife, a part}' arose against him througiiout the State, severel}' criticising his course as Governor. Being very sensi- tive to reproach, this touched him to the quick, and the heap of troubles then sur- rounding him nearly crushed him. He re- solved, in despair, to retire from public life for the rest of his daj's. For weeks Mr. Jefferson sat lovingly, but with a crushed heart, at the bedside of his sick wife, during which time unfeeling letters were sent to him, accusing him of weakness and unfaith- fulness to duty. All this, after he had lost so much property and at the same time done so much for his country ! After her death he actually fainted away, and re- mained so long insensible that it was feared he never would recover! Several weeks *■•♦■■♦■•♦"♦:;♦■;♦;;♦:♦::♦:;♦;♦;;♦:.♦;,♦.♦:.♦:;♦,♦.« :♦:♦: »; »: :♦:♦: .♦:♦: :«:♦: :♦!♦: >>; '♦* > ♦' >;>: >:>: ;♦:>; :♦:♦! :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: >:;*■ :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;;•: :♦::♦: :••:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: >!>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦' :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:;♦; :*;♦: :♦.:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >::'•: :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦:♦ :♦> >> :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >: :♦. :<■:♦ ;♦,» >* :♦;♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;■* :♦:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦':♦: ;♦::♦: :■»♦: :♦:* :♦;* :♦:;♦: :*"♦: >::♦; >::«■ :♦:>■ :♦;:■•/ »::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;*:;< >;i«L ;♦;:♦: :♦:;*; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;•»; :♦;:•»; ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦"*: :♦;:♦; v.w. :■♦::♦: :♦:♦ ;♦:> :♦;:♦: :•<•:*: '.<■ :<■; ;*?> ;<>::<■; :«■:«■; :<•::*: :♦::*: :*;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;*; :♦;:«>: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :<-::♦: >;;»: ;•»::«; >::♦: ;*::♦: :♦:>: :<>;:♦: ;♦:;•! ;*:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦] :♦::♦; •»:;«: :•♦:;<»; >:■«': >!>: >■*, >.;♦. :<■:;♦: :♦.;♦: :♦::♦•: j^! >! ■*•♦ :*.;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦■: :«:;♦: :«;>: >♦• ;♦..♦: ;♦'!#. :♦;:•; :*•;:♦: :♦:;♦: *:♦; ;♦;;♦, ;«•:;♦: :♦:;♦. ;♦:>: :♦;♦ :«:>::::<»:>"C4>:«;>"'^:<»:>:>:>:>:>:;«:>>::::'»::#"c*>>"c«^ 24 PRES/DE.VTS OF THE, UNITED STATES. passed before he could fully recover his equilibrium. He was never married a second time. In the spring of 1782 the people of Eng- land compelled their king to make to the Americans overtures of peace, and in No- vember following, Mr. Jefferson was reap- pointed by Congress, unanimously and without a single adverse remark, minister plenipotentiary to negotiate a treaty. In March, 1784, Mr. Jefferson was ap- pointed on a committee to draught a plan for the government of the Northwestern Territory. His slavery-prohibition clause in that plan was stricken out by the pro- slavery majority of the committee; but amid all the controversies and wrangles of poli- ticians, he made it a rule never to contra- dict anybody or engage in any discussion as a debater. In company with Mr. Adams and Dr. Franklin, Mr. Jefferson was appointed in May, 1784, to act as minister plenipotentiary in the negotiation of treaties of commerce with foreign nations. Accordingly, he went to Paris and satisfactoril}' accomplished his mission. The suavity and high bearing of his manner made all the French his friends; and even Mrs. Adams at one time wrote to her sister that he was " the chosen of the earth." But all the honors that he received, both at home and abroad, seemed to make no change in the simplicity of his republican tastes. On his return to America, he found two parties respecting the foreign commercial policy, Mr. Adams sympathizing with that in favor of England and himself favoring France. On the inauguration of General Wash- ington as President, Mr. Jefferson was chosen by him for the office of Secrctar)' of State. At this time the rising storm of the French Revolution became visible, and Washington watched it with great anxiety. His cabinet was divided in their views of constitutional government as well as re- garding the issues in France. General Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, was the leader of the so-called Federal party, while Mr. Jefferson was the leader of the Republican party. At the same time there was a strong monarchical party in this country, with which Mr. Adams sympa- thized. Some important financial measures, which were proposed by Hamilton and finally adopted by the cabinet and approved by Washington, were opposed by Mr. Jefferson ; and his enemies then began to reproach him with holding office under an administration whose views he opposed. The President poured oil on the troubled waters. On his re-election to the Presi- dency he desired Mr. Jefferson to remain in the cabinet, but the latter sent in his resignation at two different times, probably because he was dissatisfied with some of the measures of the Government. His final one was not received until January i, 1794, when General Washington parted from him with great regret. Jefferson then retired to his quiet home at Monticello, to enjoy a good rest, not even reading the newspapers lest the political gossip should disquiet him. On the Presi- dent's again calling him back to tlie office of Secretary of State, he replied that no circumstances would ever again tempt him to engage in anything public! But, while all Europe was ablaze with war, and France in the throes of a bloody revolution and the principal theater of the conflict, a new Presidential election in this country came on. John Adams was the Federal candi- date and Mr. Jefferson became the Republi- can candidate. The result of the election was the promotion of the latter to the Vice- Presidency, while the former was chosen President. In this contest Mr. Jefferson really did not desire to have either office, he was " so weary " of party strife. He loved the retirement of home more than any other place on the earth. 5 ♦: ♦;>"*"*,i»;;*:c*.>::*>;*::*;:<»^*"*:'#:;*»;:«*.»>>>>"*"** >»; ;:♦»: >::♦: »; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: *::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; <^:«: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: »; :♦::♦; :♦:»; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ■♦!>: :«:♦: :«::♦: :♦:>; >::♦: >;>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >;:♦•; :♦::♦: :•::♦•: >::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: •>:>: .*::♦: :♦::♦; :♦■;>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦■; :♦"♦; ;♦::♦; :*:♦: :♦:♦: ;*:♦: >"♦• ;♦;,<»: >:•»: :♦:;♦; »:♦: >::♦; :♦:;«■: ;«;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦:?♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦:;«• >:>; ;♦:>; :♦;:♦: >"♦; >:;♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦!:♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦.:♦. :*■;♦; >:>: >"♦; :•::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; >;;♦; :♦::♦: :■•;:♦: , !♦'■♦- »;■•;••;*****»•*■•■*;* :*;'»!'«*'«i^ ■•;:*>■*:*;«; :«»^i«!!«iii^ » .♦ :♦: .♦: • * ♦: * :♦ :♦: :♦, >: :♦; ;♦. ,♦. :♦. .♦; ;♦: ,♦; ♦; * ♦: ♦•:•*♦ .♦>! ♦; .♦; .♦; .♦ «> «•. :-» »: ■•♦..♦: :♦*: :♦•>! :♦::+: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦;;■»: :♦:;*: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;*•: ;«:>: :♦:♦: 'f. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•; ■♦:>: :♦:♦: *::•♦: :♦::♦: !<♦: *::»•: >!*»; :•*;•:-: >■>: >'.y >:.'•■ ;♦:♦: :♦::<; .♦"•: ;♦:*: >!•»; :♦:;■♦: >;,♦: >::♦: :»:<^: ;♦':♦; >:;♦: :•»:•»; ■»:,* >!!♦; ■«•"■*: THOMAS JEFFEliSON. 2S ».<: :':.*'. .<-■.♦: But for four long years his Vice-Presi- dency passed joylessly awa}-, while the partisan strife between Federalist and Re- publican was ever growing hotter. The former party split and the result of the fourth general election was the elevation of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidency ! with Aaron Burr as Vice-Pi^esident. These men being at the head of a growing party, their election was hailed everywhere with jo}'. On the other hand, many of the Federalists turned pale, as they believed what a portion of the pulpit and the press had been preach- ing — that Jefferson was a " scoffing atheist," a "Jacobin," the " incarnation of all evil," " breathing threatening and slaughter ! " Mr. Jefferson's inaugural address con- tained nothing but the noblest sentiments, expressed in fine language, and his personal behavior afterward exhibited the extreme of American, democratic simplicity. His disgust of European court etiquette grew upon him with age. He believed that General Washington was somewhat dis- trustful of the ultimate success of a popular Government, and that, imbued with a little admiration of the forms of a monarchical Government, he had instituted levees, birth- days, pompous meetings with Congress, etc. Jefferson was always polite, even to slaves everywhere he met them, and carried in his countenance the indications of an ac- commodating disposition. The political principles of the Jeffersoni- an party now swept the country, and Mr. Jefferson himself swayed an influence which was never exceeded even by Washington. Under his administration, in 1803, the Lou- isiana purchase was made, for $15,000,000, the " Louisiana Territory " purchased com- prising all the land west of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. The year 1804 witnessed another severe loss in his family. His highly accomplished and most beloved daughter Maria sickened and died, causing as great grief in the > ♦::♦•:♦::♦:•♦•;♦;.* stricken parent as it was possible for liim to survive with any degree of sanity. The same year he was re-elected to the Presidency, with George Clinton as Vice- President. During liis second term our relations with England became more com- plicated, and on June 22, 1807, near Hamp- ton Roads, the United States frigate Chesapeake was fired upon by the Brit- ish man-of-war Leopard, and was made to surrender. Three men were killed and ten wounded. Jefferson demanded repara- tion. England grew insolent. It became evident that war was determined upon by the latter power. More than 1,200 Ameri- cans were forced into the British service upon the high seas. Before any satisfactory solution was reached, Mr. Jefferson's Presidential term closed. Amid all these public excitements he thought constantly of the welfare of his family, and longed for the time when he could return home to remain. There, at Monticello, his sub- sequent life was very similar to that of Washington at Mt. Vernon. His hospi- tality toward his numerous friends, indul- gence of his slaves, and misfortunes to his property, etc., finally involved him in debt. For years his home resembled a fashion- able watering-place. During the summer, thirty-seven house servants were required ! It was presided over by his daughter, Mrs. Randolph. Mr. Jefferson did much for the establish- ment of the University at Charlottesville, making it unsectarian, in keeping with the spirit of American institutions, but poverty and the feebleness of old age prevented him from doing what he would. He even went so far as to petition the Legislature for permission to dispose of some of his possessions by lottery, in order to raise the necessary funds for home expenses. It was granted ; but before the plan was carried out, Mr. Jefferson died, July 4, 1S26, at 12:50 w M. >. ■■•■■> :+■ ■■■-■» V y >->: ♦:♦; ♦::♦; :♦::♦; ♦"♦: '♦:;♦: ♦:■♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦>: :♦:!»: ♦:>: ■-■>::♦! .V..-* :♦;:♦; :♦:••■ >:♦: >■■»: :♦:;♦: ■♦..♦■ :i ->:>:>::c«;c«*;:cc*:>:>;i«:*;:c««*::«»::c*:c*;:*;»»^^ «.*: ;♦::♦; :♦;:•>: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;«:♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦; :*::♦; *::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:»: :♦:;■« :♦::♦: ;<»::<»: '♦::♦; ;•«•:♦; :■♦;:♦; •♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: '♦. *: .*;:♦: :■♦;;♦: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: ■!►;»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:«•; ;♦::♦: :♦;.*: . :■»"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :•»:♦: :<•::♦; ;<•::♦: :♦::*•: :«;>; :♦":♦: :♦:;♦: :♦.;♦: ;«::♦: :♦.>■ >;;♦: :♦"♦: :♦':♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦:«•; :♦;;«■; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ♦;:♦; ;♦:♦: *>; >■■♦: !*.:♦: >;:♦•; >:*: :«.:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; >;♦: :♦;'♦: :♦:♦; :«■;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:*: 26 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. AMES MADISON, the fourth President of the United States, iSog-'ij, was born at Port Con- way, Prince George County, Virginia, March 16, 1751. His father, Colonel James Madison, was a wealthy planter, residing upon a very fine estate called " Montpelier," only twenty-five miles from the home of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello. The closest personal and political at- tachment existed between these illustrious men from their early youth until death. James was the eldest of a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom attained maturity. His early edu- cation was conducted mostly at home, under a private tutor. Being naturally in- tellectual in his tastes, he consecrated him- self with unusual vigor to study. At a very early age he made considerable proficiency in the Greek, Latin, French and Spanish languages. In 1769 he entered Princeton College, New Jersey, of which the illus- trious Dr. Weatherspoon was then Presi- dent. He graduated in 1771, with a char- acter of the utmost purity, and a mind highly disciplined and stored with all the learning which embellished and gave effi- ciency to his subsequent career. After graduating he pursued a course of reading for several months, under the guidance of President Weatherspoon, and in 1772 re- turned to Virginia, where he continued in incessant study for two j'ears, nominally directed to the law, but really including extended researches in theology, philoso- phy and general literature. The Church of England was the estab- lished church in Virginia, invested with all the prerogatives and immunities which it enjoyed in the fatherland, and other de- nominations labored under serious disabili- ties, the enforcement of which was rightly or wrongly characterized by them as per- secution. Madison took a prominent stand in behalf of the removal of all disabilities, repeatedly appeared in the court of his own county to defend the Baptist nonconform- ists, and was elected from Orange County to the Virginia Convention in the spring of 1766, when he signalized the beginning of his public career by procuring the passage of an amendment to the Declaration of Rights as prepared by George Mason, sub- stituting for " toleration" a more emphatic assertion of religious liberty. ^.♦.>..♦..♦.♦.♦.*..♦„♦,.♦;.cccc*;:♦;:♦:>;>;:-t•»r*:♦;;cc«♦;;♦;:♦;>;:♦:>;:^^^^^ "■■ • • ■ - -•'■■♦;♦::♦;:♦:;♦;:♦;:«■:♦;;♦»»; >:«■; ;♦;:♦: :♦::«■; :■♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::•»•: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:■«■ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.»: W.if. :♦:;«■; :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦: :•••:♦: :♦:*: >:;«■ :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:*; :♦::♦; :♦:>: [♦:4: :♦::♦; ••"*: >•■->: :♦:♦■ :♦;:♦'. :*:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; .*"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:«; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '*::♦: *:;♦: :♦::«■; :♦::♦: :♦;»; :♦::«; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:*: :♦::♦: :«::♦; :♦>: :♦:;♦: •»:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦:•»: :♦:•»! >:■•> :♦!>; ;♦::♦: :♦::■»: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦:>: :♦::♦; ;<♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;>: :■»::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:»; :■»::♦: :♦:;♦; :«::»: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;.♦; :♦:>; .*;;♦: >;;♦: ;♦:>: :♦;:♦; ,*:♦: ;♦;>; \'" A^ci^''^ ■c^{ ; ♦ :•! 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In November, 1777, he was chosen a member of the Council of State, and in March, 1780, took his seat in the Continental Congress, where he first gained prominence through his energetic opposition to the issue of paper money by the States. He continued in Congress three years, one of its most active and influential members. In 1784 Mr. Madison was elected a mem- ber of the Virginia Legislature. He ren- dered important service by promoting and participating in that revision of the statutes which effectually abolished the remnants of the feudal system subsistent up to that time in the form of entails, primogeniture, and State support given the Anglican Church ; and his " Memorial and Remon- strance" against a general assessment for the support of religion is one of the ablest papers which emanated from his pen. It settled the question of the entire separation of church and State in Virginia. Mr. Jefferson says of him, in allusion to the study and experience through which he had already passed : " Trained in these successive schools, he acquired a habit of self-possession which placed at ready command the rich resources of his luminous and discriminating mind and of his extensive information, and rendered him the first of every assembly of which he afterward became a member. Never wan- dering from his subject into vain declama- tion, but pursuing it closely in language pure, classical and copious, soothing al- ways the feelings of his adversaries by civili- ties and softness of expression, he rose to the eminent station which he held in the great National Convention of 1787; and in that of Virginia, which followed, he sustained the new Constitution in all its parts, bearing off the palm against the logic of George Mason and the fervid declamation of Patrick Henry. With these consummate powers were united a pure and spotless virtue which no calumn)' has ever attempted to sully. Of the power and polish of his pen, and of the wisdom of his administration in the highest office of the nation, I need say nothing. They have spoken, and will for- ever speak, for themselves." In January, 1786, Mr. Madison took the initiative in proposing a meeting of State Commissioners to devise measures for more satisfactory commercial relations between the States. A meeting was held at An- napolis to discuss this subject, and but five States were represented. The convention issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madi- son, urging all the States to send their dele- gates to Philadelphia, in May, 1787, to draught a Constitution for the United States. The delegates met at the time ap- pointed, every State except Rhode Island being represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention, and the present Constitution of the United States was then and there formed. There was no mind and no pen more active in framing this immortal document than the mind and pen of James Madison. He was, perhaps, its ablest advocate in the pages of the Federalist. Mr. Madison was a member of the first four Congresses, i789-'97, in which he main- tained a moderate a[)position to Hamilton's financial policy. He declined the mission to France and the Secrctaryshii) of State, and, gradually identifying himself with the Republican party, became from 1792 its avowed leader. In 1796 he was its choice for the Presidency as successor to Wasii- ington. Mr. Jefferson wrote: "There is not another person in the United States with whom, being placed at the helm of our affairs, my mi-nd would be so completely at >>; :«;:♦: :♦>: > >■ ;< y ;♦>: >..v ;■■>. ;••> ;♦-> >:* >>. ;♦>. ;♦!>; ;♦:>; >::♦: !♦.:«■: >* :«::•: ;»:.♦ ;♦:;*: ;♦:.♦: :♦:>: >:♦ :<•:♦: :♦'♦' >;♦: :♦:>' >>; >:>: >:♦; >■>■ :♦::♦; >'♦■ >;* ;-»■:♦: *>: >;♦; >,;♦: :♦;'* :•♦;:♦: :♦>: ?•:>■ ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; >;:♦; :*::♦; ;♦.:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦.;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦.;♦: >:*: :♦>: :♦.:♦: . »] :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦■; >::♦: ;♦;>: >;,*-: ;«•:>: :•>:>: ;♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦.:♦' ;♦*. ;♦.;♦: ;♦:'♦ :♦::♦; :♦■::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:<■ :•»:•'; ■*:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :<•>: :♦! »' :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: ;♦:♦: >:'«■: ;♦'♦: ».*:*;«;:*:>:>;>;>:>:>;>::c*:>;>;>;;«:>:>;>;>:;*;>:>:;*;>;>;;«i>;:*;>;>'>;;«;:«i>;>>;^^^^ - ♦*♦♦::♦;♦;♦;♦;♦ 3° >;♦::♦:♦;:♦:;♦:;♦:;♦;:♦;:♦;:♦;:♦;*:♦::♦;:♦::♦:>::♦.:♦::♦::♦:> PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. :■»•:>: ■•»::•*: «■ : >: >, •* * » <>■>: * •»: :♦:./ ■*■■♦: ■*>' >■'♦: ■•;■*>■ :♦;:♦: :■♦:;*: ♦:*: :«:;♦; '•> >! .♦'.♦. :♦::♦: :♦'*: :<>■•»: :♦:*; ;♦::♦: ■♦':♦: rest for the fortune of our political bark." But Mr. Madison declined to be a candi- date. His term in Congress had expired, and he returned from New York to his beautiful retreat at Montpelier. In 1794 Mr. Madison married a young widow of remarkable powers of fascination — Mrs. Todd. Her maiden name was Doro- thy Paine. She was born in 1767, in Vir- ginia, of Quaker parents, and had been educated in the strictest rules of that sect. When but eighteen years of age she married a young lawyer and moved to Philadelphia, where she was introduced to brilliant scenes of fashionable life. She speedily laid aside the dress and address of the Quakeress, and became one of the most fascinating ladies of the republican court. In New York, after the death of her husband, she was the belle of the season and was surrounded with admirers. Mr. Madison won the prize. She proved an invaluable helpmate. In Washington she was the lite of society. If there was any diffident, timid young girl just making her appearance, she found in Mrs. Madison an encouraafin^ friend. During the stormy administration of John Adams Madison remained in private life, but was the author of the celebrated " Reso- lutions of 1798," adopted by the Virginia Legislature, in condemnation of the Alien and Sedition laws, as well as of the " report" in which he defended those resolutions, which is, by many, considered his ablest State paper. The storm passed away; the Alien and Sedition laws were repealed, John Adams lost his re-election, and in 1801 Thomas Jef- ferson was chosen President. The great re- action in public sentiment which seated Jefferson in the presidential chair was large- ly owing to the writings of Madison, who was consequently well entitled to the post of Secretary of State. With great ability he discharged the duties of this responsible office during the eight years of Mr. Jeffer- son's administration. As Mr. Jefferson was a widower, and neither of his daughters could be often with him, Mrs. Madison usually presided over the festivities of the White House; and as her husband succeeded Mr. Jefferson, hold- ing his office for two terms, this remarkable woman was the mistress of the presidential mansion for sixteen years. Mr. Madison being entirely engrossed by the cares of his office, all the duties of so- cial life devolved upon his accomplished wife. Never were such responsibilities more ably discharged. The most bitter foes of her husband and of the administra- tion were received with the frankly prof- fered hand and the cordial smile of wel- come; and the influence of this gentle woman in allaying the bitterness of party rancor became a great and salutary power in the nation. As the term of Mr. Jefferson's Presidency drew near its close, party strife was roused to the utmost to elect his successor. It was a death-grapple between the two great parties, the Federal and Republican. Mr. Madison was chosen President by an elec- toral vote of 122 to 53, and was inaugurated March 4, 1809, at a critical period, when the relations of the United States with Great Britain were becoming embittered, and his first term was passed in diplomatic quarrels, aggravated by the act of non-intercourse of May, 1 8 10, and finally resulting in a decla- ration of war. On the i8th of June, 1812, President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Brit- ain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved ; and in the autumn Madison was re-elected to the Presidency by 128 electoral votes to 89 in favor of George Clinton. March 4, 18 17, Madison yielded the Presi- ;♦.>. v.v. >::♦: !♦:>: :♦::* >:>! >:>: .-»"♦: ;*:♦: >::«• :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦:;* ;♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:■•♦: ;«.:♦: ;♦:>; :♦;:♦: >>; :♦::♦: ♦ ;♦; :♦:•»: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;«: ;♦::♦: :♦"«! ;♦::♦: '♦:♦; :♦::«•: :♦;:♦; ;*:>: • ;♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :«::« :♦::♦; ;c»; ;♦:»; :♦::«: :♦:•»; :♦:>; :♦;>: ».:•♦■ :*::«: >::♦: 'fr.'ff. :«::♦: :♦:>: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::«■: :«::♦: :♦:;♦; :«;:♦; :♦:-♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: 'MM :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :'•::'*: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:*■ :♦:;♦: :♦::*• :♦::♦: :♦;>: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :*;♦; :*;♦; .*•:;•»; ;♦.:•»; :«;*: »::« »;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:* :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: >::«■ » :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: >:»; :♦::♦; >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::«: :♦::♦: >>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: >::♦: >::♦: >.;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:.*: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;•♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :*»: :♦::«• :♦:* :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:>• :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :«::«>: :*:♦; :♦::♦; :'*.:♦: :♦:* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:'»: :<••:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦:: ♦:.♦::♦:♦::♦:*:♦:♦>:;♦:♦::♦*;♦.;♦:.•.:♦.. ♦:**.*>:******>:*»;»>>v»"**;»'*>;>:>:»;:»::*:>:*'>;:*;;c»;* JAMES MADISON. 31 dency to his Secretary of State and inti- mate friend, James Monroe, and retired to his ancestral estate at Montpelier, where he passed the evening of his days surrounded by attached friends and enjoying the merited respect of the whole nation. He took pleasure in promoting agriculture, as president of the county society, and in watching tiie development of the University of Virginia, of which he was long rector and visitor. In extreme old age he sat in 1829 as a member of the convention called to re- form the Virginia Constitution, where his appearance was hailed with the most gen- uine interest and satisfaction, though he was too infirm to participate in the active work of revision. Small in stature, slender and delicate in form, with a countenance full of intelligence, and expressive alike of mildness and dignity, he attracted the atten- tion of all who attended the convention, and was treated with the utmost deference. He seldom addressed the assembly, though he always appeared self-possessed, and watched with unflagging interest the prog- ress of every measure. Though the con- vention sat sixteen weeks, he spoke only twice ; but when he did speak, the whole house paused to listen. His voice was feeble though his enunciation was very dis- tinct. One of the reporters, Mr. Stansburv, relates the following anecdote of Mr. Madi- son's last speech: " The next day, as there was a great call for it, and the report had not been returned for publication, I sent my son with a re- spectful note, requesting the manuscript. My son was a lad of sixteen, whom I had taken with me to act as amanuensis. On delivering my note, he was received with the utmost politeness, and requested to come up into Mr. Madison's room and wait while his eye ran over the paper, as com- pany had prevented his attending to it. He did so, and Mr. Madison sat down to correct the report. The lad stood near him so that his eye fell on the paper. Coming to a certain sentence in the speech, Mr. Madison erased a word and substituted another ; but hesitated, and not feeling satisfied with the second word, drew his pen through it also. My son was young, ignorant of the world, and unconscious of the solecism of which he was about to be guilty, when, in all simplic- ity, he suggested a word. Probably no other person then living would have taken such a liberty. But the sage, instead of reoardiiig such an intrusion with a frown, raised his eyes to the boy's face with a pleased surprise, and said, ' Thank you, sir ; it is the very word,' and immediately in- serted it. I saw him the next day, and he mentioned the circumstance, with a compli- ment on the young critic." Mr. Madison died at Montpelier, June 28, 1836, at the advanced age of eighty-five. While not possessing the highest order of talent, and deficient in oratorical powers, he was pre-eminently a statesman, of a well- balanced mind. His attainments were solid, his knowledge copious, his judgment gener- ally sound, his powers of analysis and logi- cal statement rarely surpassed, his language and literary style correct and polished, his conversation witty, his temperament san- guine and trustful, his integrity unques- tioned, his manners simple, courteous and winning. By these rare qualities he con- ciliated the esteem not only of friends, but of political opponents, in a greater degree than any American statesman in the present century. Mrs. Madison survived her husband thir- teen years, and died Jul}- 12, 1849, in the eighty-second year of her age. She was one of the most remarkable women our coun- try has produced. Even now she is ad- miringly remembered in Washington as " Dolly Madison," and it is fitting that her memor}' should descend to posterity in company with thatof the companion of her life. >'!♦; >:>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦' :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦,:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦:;♦: >:>: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;«': :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::'»: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦:;♦: :•»::♦: >::♦; :♦:>: »; 3i ;♦:;♦: — >:>: :♦::* >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::•« :♦::■« :♦::* :«::« :♦;:♦! :♦::«! >:•« :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦ :♦::•« »;♦ :♦::« :♦::« :♦;:♦: :«:^ :♦::•« :*;:«3 :♦::♦: :♦;:•« :♦::♦: »:♦] :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦;:« :♦::'«$ :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::« :♦;:■« :♦::« :♦;;•« :♦;:■« :♦;:■« :♦::•« :♦::■« :♦;:-« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::« :♦::♦: ^♦:»^ :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦!>: !»::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »::« :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦::♦; :♦;;♦;:♦; PJfESIDEXTS OF THE UNITED STATEH. ::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦; >:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦:>: >:;«': :♦:>; ;♦:;♦: >::♦: >::♦: »;:♦; >::♦! [♦::♦: :♦::♦; »:»: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦ :♦::♦. :♦::« :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"'«$ :♦;:♦: :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;«>: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦::♦:;♦: ^^^^^^T^ 7 A^-z^^^^-^^^ ^:^ :♦::♦; J J :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦•: :♦::♦: ;♦:* :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: >;♦; ♦>; ;♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:•»: :♦:*: w.m :«:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; .*::♦; :♦::♦: ♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >:>: ;♦:;♦; :♦;•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;,♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦::»: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :«:>: >::♦: >;;♦; ■♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;*: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ••;:♦: >:♦" ;♦;:♦: JAMES MONROE. 3S that Congress should be empowered to regulate trade, and to lay an impost duty of five per cent. The resolution was refer- red to a committee of which he was chair- man. The report and the discussion which rose upon it led to the convention of five States at Annapolis, and the consequent general convention at Philadelphia, which, in 1787, drafted the Constitution of tiie United States. At this time there was a controversy be- tween New York and Massachusetts in reference to their boundaries. The high esteem in which Colonel Monroe was held is indicated by the fact tliat he was ap- pointed one of the judges to decide the controvei'S}'. While in New York attend- ing Congress, he married Miss Kortright, a young lad}- distinguished alike for her beaut)'^ and accomplishments. For nearly fifty )-ears this happv union remained un- broken. In London and in Paris, as in her own country, Mrs. Monroe won admiration and affection by the loveliness of her per- son, the brillianc}' of her intellect, and the amiability of her character. Returning to Virginia, Colonel Monroe commenced the practice of law at Freder- icksburg. He was ver}- soon elected to a seat in the State Legislature, and the next year he was chosen a member of the Vir- ginia convention which was assembled to decide upon the acceptance or rejection of the Constitution which had been drawn up at Philadelphia, and was now submitted to the several States. Deepl}' as he felt the imperfections of the old Confederacy, he was opposed to the new Constitution, thinking, with many others of the Republi- can party, that it gave too much power to the Central Government, and not enough to the individual States. In 1789 he became a member of the United States Senate, which office he held acceptably to his constituents, and with honor to himself for four years. Having opposed the Constitution as not leaving enough power with the States, he, of course, became more and more identi- fied with the Republican party. Thus he found himself in cordial co-operation with Jefferson and Madison. The great Repub- lican party became the dominant power which ruled tiie land. George Washington was then President. England had espoused the cause of the Bourbons against the principles of the French Revolution. President Washing- ton issued a proclamation of neutrality be- tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our lib- erties. All the despotisms of Europe were now combined to prevent the French from escaping from tyrann}' a thousandfold worse than that which we had endured. Colonel Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that we should help our old allies in their extremit}'. He vio- lently opposed the President's procla- and wanting in mation as ungrateful magnanmiitv. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness by appointing that ver}- James Monroe, who was denouncing the polic}' of the Government, as the Minis- ter of that Government to the republic of France. He was directed by Washington to express to the French people our warm- est sympathy, communicating to them cor- responding resolves approved by the Pres- ident, and adopted by both houses of Congress. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the Na- tional Convention in France with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of respect and affection. He was publicly introduced to that body, and received the embrace of the President, Merlin de Douay, after having been addressed in a speech glowing with congratulations, and with expressions of desire that harmony might ever exist be- :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«•: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«■:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;■♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; '♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:*■ :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>; !♦:>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: ;♦"♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦;:♦; >:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦■;♦■♦:♦: ♦ ;♦::♦:.♦>:.♦::♦.;♦.;♦:.♦:,♦:.♦:;♦..♦.:♦::♦:.♦:.♦..♦..♦;,♦:.♦:.♦.•»,.♦,,♦:;♦;.♦..♦..♦.■♦.♦..♦..♦..♦,.♦..♦..•», * .♦. .♦ .♦. * .♦- :♦. :•. .♦ .♦. .♦ .♦. .♦ .♦ .♦ * .♦ •♦• •♦ * ♦■ ♦ ♦■ * •♦ ♦• ♦■ ■♦ •• ♦• •♦• •♦• •♦• ••• ■♦ tween the two nations. The flags of the two republics were intertwined in the hall of the convention. Mr. Monroe presented the American colors, and received those of France in return. The course which he pursued in Paris was so annoying to Eng- land and to the friends of England this country that, near the close of Wash- ington's administration, Mr. Monroe, was recalled. After his return Colonel Monroe wrote a book of 400 pages, entitled " A View of the Conduct of the Executive in Foreign Af- fairs." In this work he very ably advo- cated his side of the question; but, with the magnanimity of the man, he recorded a warm tribute to the patriotism, ability and spotless integrity of John Jay, between whom and himself there was intense antag- onism : and in subsequent years he ex- pressed in warmest terms his perfect veneration for the character of George Washington. Shortly after his return to this countr)^ Colonel Monroe was elected Governor of Virginia, and held that office for three years, the period limited by the Constitu- tion. In i8c2hewasan Envoy to France, and to Spain in 1805, and was Minister to England in 1803. Tn 1806 he returned to his quiet home in Virginia, and with his wife and children and an ample competence from his paternal estate, enjoyed a few years of domestic repose. In 1809 Mr. Jefferson's second term of office expired, and many of the Republican party were anxious to nominate James Monroe as his successor. The majority- were in favor of Mr. Madison. Mr. Mon- roe withdrew his name and was soon after chosen a second time Governor of Virgrinia. He soon resigned that office to accept the position of Secretary of State, offered him by President Madison. The correspond- ence which he then carried on with the British Government demonstrated that >,:*:>;>:>:!»:»"*5e3i?>?:::C'»::*;:c*;:c*>"*;;c^>>"*"c*"cc*"c*:>"ccc*"C<^^ ^^ >>: 36 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. :♦:!♦; — — >:;♦: :♦:>: »: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; »;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦; :♦:;«: >::♦; :♦::♦: >':♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦>: :♦:>: »;;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦; ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;•♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: . :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«;:•»: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«:♦: :♦:;♦; >:.«; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::«: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«::«: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >:;« :♦::«: :•»:;«': :♦;;♦:♦- there was no hope of any peaceful adjust- ment of our difficulties with the cabinet of St. James. War was consequently declared in June, 181 2. Immediately after the sack of Washington the Secretar3' of War re- signed, and Mr. Monroe, at the earnest request of Mr. Madison, assumed the ad- ditional duties of the War Department, without resigning his position as Secretary of State. It has been confidently stated, that, had Mr. Monroe's energies been in the War Department a few months earlier, the disaster at Washington would not have occurred. The duties now devolving upon Mr. Mon- roe were extremely arduous. Ten thou- sand men, picked from the veteran armies of England, were sent with a powerful fleet to New Orleans to acquire possession of the mouths of the Mississippi. Our finan- ces were in the most deplorable condition. The treasury was exhausted and our credit gone. And j-et it was necessary to make the most rigorous preparations to meet the foe. In this crisis James Monroe, the Sec- retary of War, with virtue unsurpassed in Greek or Roman story, stepped forward and pledged his own individual credit as subsidiar)' to that of the nation, and thus succeeded in placing the city of New Or- leans in such a posture of defense, that it was enabled successful!}' to repel the in- vader. Mr. Monroe was truly the armor-bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. His energy in the double capacity of Secretary, both of State and War, pervaded all the depart- ments of the country. He proposed to increase the army to 100,000 men, a meas- ure which he deemed absolutely necessary to save us from ignominious defeat, but which, at the same time, he knew would render his name so unpopular as to preclude the possibility of his being a successful can- didate for the Presidency. >:;«cc*::cccc«ccc:»:»::«cc*;5»:>:;*;:*: ::«:;c«'::c«::cc*::c*>>:>::<»;:c:>::c«:«.«>::c«::c<^^^^ .♦..♦.;♦;♦.;♦.;♦..♦,;♦.,•:,♦:;♦:*;♦:;♦:;♦..♦.:♦.;♦..♦.*;♦;:♦;:♦;;♦;>•;*.♦;;♦;;♦;.♦:.♦;.•..♦..♦.;♦.;♦; :♦::♦::♦:>: >;:♦::♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;'•; :♦::♦: >;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >.>: ;^* .♦;>: >;:•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::••■ :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:<••: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;»::♦: :♦;:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :••:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;.«: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: . ., :♦::* »"♦>♦:;♦: *;♦>♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :«;♦; jambs monrob, :♦:;♦•: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:>; :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: /»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :«::<»: ••::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦:•»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: •♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:.*: >::♦: >;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦;:♦: <»::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;>; :♦:>; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦; !♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >■>::♦: :♦;:♦>::♦•; *>; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;*: :♦:>: >::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦! ;♦::♦: >:;♦; *:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦■ :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;«! :♦::••: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; *;♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦.:♦: :<•* ;♦:■♦: :♦:.♦; >;>: ;♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: ;♦:>: .♦>: ;».■>. .♦.♦: >.:♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;«•: :♦:>: ;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; ;«'::«: :♦:;*: ;♦;:♦; >.» ;♦:;♦; ;*:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«•;♦; :♦::«) :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:,♦; ;♦:♦; ♦..♦; .♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: ♦:;♦; ..♦:;♦: 37 The happy result of the conference at Ghent in securing peace rendered the in- crease of the army unnecessary; but it is not too much to say that James Monroe placed in the hands of Andrew Jackson the weapon with which to beat ofl the foe at New Orleans. Upon the return of peace Mr. Monroe resigned the department of war, devoting himself entirely to the duties of Secretary of State. These he continued to discharge until the close of President Madison's administration, with zeal which was never abated, and with an ardor of self-devotion which made him almost for- getful of the claims of fortune, health or life. Mr. Madison's second term expired in March, 1817, and Mr. Monroe succeeded to the Presidency. He was a candidate of the Republican party, now taking the name of the Democratic Republican. In 1821 he was re-elected, with scarcel)' any opposition. Out of 232 electoral votes, he received 231. The slavery question, which subsequently assumed such formidable dimensions, now began to make its appearance. The State of Missouri, which had been carved out of that immense territory which we had pur- chased of France, applied for admission to the Union, with a slavery Constitution. There were not a few who foresaw the evils impending. After the debate of a week it was decided that Missouri could not be admitted into the Union with slav- ery. This important question was at length settled by a compromise proposed by Henry Clay. The famous "Monroe Doctrine," of which so much has been said, originated in this way: In 1823 it was rumored that the Holy Alliance was about to interfere to prevent the establishment of Republican liberty in the European colonies of South America. President Monroe wrote to his old friend Thomas JefTerson for advice in the emergency. In his reply under date of October 24, Mr. Jefferson writes upon the supposition that our attempt to resist this European movement might lead to war: " Its object is to introduce and establish the American system of keeping out of our land all foreign powers; of never permitting those of Europe to intermeddle with the affairs of our nation. It is to maintain our own principle, not to depart from it." December 2, 1823, President Monroe sent a message to Congress, declaring it to be the policy of this Government not to entangle ourselves with the broils of Eu- rope, and not to allow Europe to interfere with the affairs of nations on the American continent; and the doctrine was announced, that any attempt on the part of the Euro- pean powers " to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere would be regarded by the United States as danger- ous to our peace and safety." March 4, 1825, Mr. Monroe surrendered the presidential chair to his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, and retired, with the universal respect of the nation, to his private residence at Oak Hill, Lou- doun County, Virginia. His time had been so entirely consecrated to his country, that he had neglected his pecuniary interests, and was deeply involved in debt. The welfare of his country had ever been up- permost in his mind. For many years Mrs. Monroe was in such feeble health that she rarely appeared in public. In 1830 Mr. Monroe took up his residence with his son-in-law in New York, where he died on the 4th of Jul}^ 1831. The citizens of New Y(jrk conducted his obsequies with pageants more imposing than had ever been witnessed there before. Our country will ever cherish his mem- ory with pride, gratefully enrolling his name in the list of its benefactors, pnjnounc- ing him the worthy successor of the illus- trious men who had preceded hitn in the presidential chair. **.»:f':f>:i/:)f:ff:i(:f(:ff:fi:ff:it:ff:f(:ft:ft:fi:f(:fi:i(:iii:ff:fr:f):ii:fi:^^^ ;*;>;***>:***>;;»;>;i»;>:;»;;'»;>;:cc»;»;:c*;*;«;fr«* > '.*. :♦.:♦; :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦:>: :♦':♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >:>; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:;■»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.>: >:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :'•>>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: '«:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :■»::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::«: *:♦; :?:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: »; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:»: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦'>: >:♦: :«■:♦.■ '•»■»; >:*:*«»""«:*»>"*:*»::*:*;c*;:*:*:«»:»:»:!i>::*>:»::^^ 38 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. l?Hc':d??i^a=L=i?F?.^7JHc!r:HE 2a ^^%wi ^r^- £_; >S?*tf-»>C^»«f-*>tf^<: "!j^OHN QUINCY ADAMS, the sixth President of the *« United States, 1825-9, was born in the rural home of his he^nored father, John iXdams, in O u i n c y , Massachusetts, Jul}- II, 1767. His mother, a woman of exalted worth, watched over his childhood during the almost constant absence of his father. He commenced his education at the village school, giving at an early period indica- tions of superior mental en- dowments. When eleven years of age he sailed with his father for Europe, where the latter was associated with Franklin and Lee as Minister Plenipotentiar}'. The intelligence of John Quincy attracted the attention of these men and received from them flattering marks of attention. Mr. Adams had scarcely returned to this country in 1779 ere he was again sent abroad, and John Quincy again accom- panied him. On tiiis voyage he commenced a diary, which practice he continued, with but few interruptions, luitil his death. He journeyed with his father from Ferrol, in Spain, to Paris. Here he applied himself- for six months to study; then accompanied his father to Holland, where he entered, first a school in Amsterdam, and then the University of Leyden. In 1781, when only fourteen 3'ears of age, he was selected by Mr. Dana, our Minister to the Russian court, as his private secretar}'. In this school of incessant labor he spent fourteen months, and then returned alone to Holland through Sweden, Denmark, Hamburg and Bremen. Again he resumed his studies under a private tutor, at The Hague. In the spring of 1782 he accompanied his father to Paris, forming acquaintance with the most distinguished men on the Conti- nent. After a short visit to England, he re- turned to Paris and studied until May, 1785, when he returned to America, leav- ing his father an embassador at the court of St. James. In 1786 he entered the jun- ior class in Harvard University, and grad- uated with the second honor of his class. The oration he delivered on this occasion, the " Importance of Public Faith to the Well-being of a Communit}'," was pub- lished — an event very rare in this or any other land. Upon leaving college at the age of twenty he studied law three years with the Hon. Theophilus Parsons in Newburyport. In 1790 he opened a law office in Boston. The profession was crowded with able men, and the fees were small. The first year he had :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: >:•»; ;♦>! ;♦:>: »■:♦; W<. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *;;« »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :«::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦■ :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :<*•:♦: :«:♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :'•;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :«:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: .«::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: J, 2 . .Al: >;:♦: :♦::♦;. :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: »: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: >::♦: :♦;>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■*" :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::*: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: yO/JA- ^UIACl- ADAMS. 41 no clients, but not a moment was lost. The second year passed away, still no clients, and still he was dependent upon his parents for support. Anxiously he awaited the third 3'car. The reward now came. Cli- ents began to enter his office, and before the end of the year he was so crowded with business that all solicitude respecting a support was at an end. When Great Britain commenced war against France, in 1793, Mr. Adams wrote some articles, urging entire neutrality on the part of the United States. The view was not a popular one. Many felt that as France had helped us, we were bound to help France. But President Washington coincided with Mr. Adams, and issued his proclamation of neutralit)-. His writings at this time in the Boston journals gave him so high a reputation, that in June, 1794, he was appointed by Washington resident Minister at the Netherlands. In July, 1797, he left The Hague to go to Port- ugal as Minister Plenipotentiary. Wash- ington at this time wrote to his father, John Adams: " Without intending to compliment the father or the mother, or to censure an}' others, I give it as my decided opinion, that Mr. Adams is the most valuable char- acter we have abroad; and there remains no doubt in my mind that he will prove tiie ablest of our diplomatic corps." On his way to Portugal, upon his arrival in London, he met with dispatches direct- ing him to the court of Berlin, but request- ing him to remain in London until he should receive instructions. While waiting he was married to Miss Louisa Catherine John- son, to whom he had been previously en- gaged. Miss Johnson was a daughter of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American Consul in London, and was a lady endowed with that beauty and those accomplishments which fitted her to move in the elevated sphere for which she was destined. professor His lect- in July, 1799, having fulfilled all the pur- poses of his mission, Mr. Adams returned. In 1802 he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts from Boston, and then was elected Senator of the United States for six 3'ears from March 4, 1804. His reputation, his abilit}' and his experience, placed him immediately among the most prominent and influential members of that bod)\ He sustained the Government in its measures of resistance to the encroachments of Eng- land, destroying our commerce and insult- ing our flag. Tiicre was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court u[)on these points, and no (jnc more resolved to present a firm resist- ance. This course, so truly patriotic, and which scarcely a voice will now be found to condemn, alienated him from the Fed- eral party dominant in Boston, and sub- jected him to censure. In 1805 Mr. Adams was chosen of rhetoric in Harvard College, ures at this place were subsequently pub- lished. In 1809 he was sent as Minister to Russia. He was one of the commissioners that negotiated the treaty of peace with Great Britain, signed December 24, 1814, and he was appointed Minister to the court of St. James in 1815. In 1817 he became Secretar}^ of State in Mr. Monroe's cabinet in which position he remained eight j-ears. Few will now contradict the assertion that the duties of that office were never more ably discharged. Probably the most im- portant measure which Mr. Adams con- ducted was the purchase of Florida from Spain for $5,000,000. The campaign of 1824 was an exciting one. Four candidates were in the field. Of the 260 electoral votes that were cast, Andrew Jackson received ninet)--nine; John Quincy Adams, eighty-four; William H. Crawford, forty-one, and Henry Clay, thirty-seven. As there was no choice by the people, tiic (juestion went to the House >::♦. :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: >;>: :♦:>; >::^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: v:sf. w^. :•»::♦: :«:♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: :«:>: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:«': :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦:>: >::♦: >:;♦: :■»::♦: >:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *:« ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«::♦: >:;« :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: **>;>;;*>;:«:*:*::c»;'*>>;:«»i:c**:;*:;*;:*:>;>;>;:*s»;i* :♦::♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦:;♦: !»:;♦: :♦:;<»: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :«:♦: ;♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: w.v. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:<►: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:« :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦; ■»;;♦; :♦:>: :♦;;♦: ;♦"♦; . :♦::♦: :♦:.♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«>: :♦::♦: ■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;»: :♦:■♦; :♦::«': :♦::♦: >:>: >;:♦: :♦::«: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; .♦;■»: Kf- .♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;•;:♦::♦::♦:;♦.;♦;:♦;:♦:;♦:;♦::♦::♦:;♦::♦:*>:;♦.:♦::♦::♦:>:♦;>::♦;:♦:*;♦:;♦.;♦**.♦:>,:♦;;♦::♦■;♦:>;:♦:♦'♦:♦::♦:>;♦:>■■♦:■♦:* 42 PRESIDENTS OF THE UXITED STATES. Clay gave the . Adams, and he of Representatives. Mr. vote of Kentucky to Mr was elected. The friends of all disappointed candidates now combined in a venomous assault upon Mr. Adams. There is nothing more dis- graceful in the past history of our country than the abuse which was poured in one iminterrupted stream upon this high- minded, upright, patriotic man. There was never an administration more pure in prin- ciples, more conscientiously devoted to the best interests of the country, than that of John Ouincy Adams; and never, perhaps, was there an administration more unscru- pulously assailed. Mr. Adams took his seat in the presidential chair resolved not to know any partisans hip, but only to con- sult for the interests of the whole Republic, He refused to dismiss any man from of- fice for his political views. If he was a faith- ful officer that was enough. Bitter must have been his disappointment to find that the Nation could not appreciate such conduct. Mr. Adams, in his public manners, was cold and repulsive; though with his per- sonal friends he was at times very genial. This chilling address very seriously de- tracted from his popularity. No one can read an impartial record of his administra- tion without admitting that a more noble example of uncompromising dignit}- can scarcely be found. It was stated publicly that Mr. Adams' administration was to be put down, " thf)ugh it be as pure as the an- gels which stand at the right hand of the throne of God." Many of the active par- ticipants in these scenes lived to regret the course the}- pursued. Some years after, Warren R. Davis, of South Carolina, turn- ing to Mr. Adams, then a member of the House of Representatives, said: "Well do- 1 remember the enthusiastic zeal with which we reproached the admin- istration of that gentleman, and the ardor and vehemence with which we labored to bring in another. For the share I had in these transactions, and it was not a small one, I hope God will forgive me, for I shall never forgive myself." March 4, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency and was succeeded by An- drew Jackson, the latter receiving 168 out of 261 electoral votes. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice-President. The slavery question now began to assume pretentious magnitude. Mr. Adams returned to Quincy, and pursued his studies with una- bated zeal. But he was not long permitted to remain in retirement. In November, 1830, he was elected to Congress. In this he recognized the principle that it is honor- able for the General of yesterday to act as Corporal to-da}-, if by so doing he can ren- der service to his country. Deep as are our obligations to John Quincv Adams for his services as embassador, as Secretary of State and as President; in his capacity as legislator in the House of Representa- tives, he conferred benefits upon our land which eclipsed all the rest, and which can never be over-estimated. For seventeen years, until his death, he occupied the post of Representative, tow- ering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle for freedom, and winning the title of " the old man eloquent." Upon taking his seat in the House he announced that he should hold himself bound to no party. He was usually the first in his place in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could escape his scrutiny. The battle which he fought, almost singly, against the pro-slavery party in the Government, was sublime in its moral daring and heroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the Grand Jury, with expulsion from the House, with assassina- tion; but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete. :♦::♦:•♦: :c*>::*:*::ccc«:c*::'»::c*:>"c*"cc*.*'>"*"c*"c*:«:<»"«>:*>rc^ :♦:♦;:♦: :♦:♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦: 'fi.'fi. :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: %% :♦;;♦; :<•;♦; >;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«■: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::«': >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'si:if. >:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :«::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :«:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :*:;♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: ^ :«'::♦: »":♦::♦: :*:♦;:♦; :♦■♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; .»;■;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:>: >::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: .•»::♦: !♦:•»; :♦::♦: ■♦"♦: ■»::♦: :♦::♦: ■»:•»! :♦"♦; .*'♦: :*■♦: :♦"♦; »::♦: :♦::«: :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦:»; :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:.*: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦• :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '*"♦: ;♦:■♦: •»:;♦: ;♦"♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: ;«::♦: :♦::♦; >:>: :♦;*; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:>: :♦:;♦: .*;:♦::♦: ;♦;:♦;;♦; yOHN ^Cr/NC?- ADAMS. 43 On one occasion Mr. Adams presented a petition, signed by several women, against the annexation of Texas for the purpose of cutting it up into slave States. Mr. How- ard, of Maryland, said that these women discredited not only themselves, but their section of the country, by turning from their domestic duties to the conflicts of po- litical life. "Are women," exclaimed Mr. Adams, " to have no opinions or actions on subjects relating to the general welfare? Where did the gentleman get his principle? Did he find it in sacred history, — in the language of Miriam, the prophetess, in one of the noblest and sublime songs of triumpli that ever met the human eye or ear ? Did the gentleman never hear of Deborah, to whom the children of Israel came up for judg- ment ? Has he forgotten the deed of Jael, who slew the dreaded enemy of her coun- try ? Has he forgotten Esther, who, by her petition saved her people and her coun- try? •" To go from sacred history to profane, does the gentleman there find it ' discredita- ble ' for women to take an interest in politi- cal affairs? Has he forgotten the Spartan mother, who said to her son when going out to battle, ' My son, come back to me with thy shield, or upon thy shield ? ' Does he remember Cloelia and her hundred com- panions, who swam across the river under a shower of darts, escaping from Porsena ? Has he forgotten Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi? Does he not remember Por- tia, the wife of Brutus and the daughter of Cato ? " To come to later periods, what says the history of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors? To say nothing of Boadicea, the British heroine in the time of the Cresars, what name is more illustrious than that of Eliza- beth ? Or, if he will go to the continent, will he nf)t find the names of Maria Theresa of Hungarv, of the two Catherines of Prussia, and of Isabella of Castile, the pa- troness of Columbus ? Did she bring ' dis- credit ' on her sex by mingling in politics ? " In this glowing strain Mr. Adams si- lenced and overwhelmed his antaeronists. In January, 1842, Mr. Adams presented a petition from forty-five citizens of Haver- hill, Massachusetts, praying for a peaceable dissolution of the Union. The pro-slavery party in Congress, who were then plotting the destruction of the Government, were aroused to a pretense of commotion such as even our stormy hall of legislation has rarely witnessed. They met in caucus, and, finding that they probably would not be able to expel Mr. Adams from the House drew up a series of resolutions, which, if adopted, would inflict upon him disgrace, equivalent to expulsion. Mr. Adams had presented the petition, which was most re- spectfully worded, and had moved that it be referred to a committee instructed to re- port an answer, showing the reason why the prayer ought not to be granted. It was the 25th of January. The whole body of the pro-slavery party came crowd- ing together in the House, prepared to crush Mr. Adams forever. One of the num- ber, Thomas F. Marshall, of Kentucky, was appointed to read the resolutions, which accused Mr. Adams of high treason, of having insulted the Government, and of meriting expulsion; but for which deserved punishment, the House, in its great mercy, would substitute its severest censure. With the assumption of a very solemn and mag- isterial air, there being breathless silence in the audience, Mr. Marshall hurled the care- full}^ prepared anathemas at his victim. Mr. Adams stood alone, the whole pro-slav- ery party against him. As soon as the resolutions were read, every eye being fixed upon him, that bold old man, whose scattered locks were whit- ened by seventy-five years, casting a wither- ing glance in the direction of his assailants, .*■.'.*'. :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: >:>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: *:♦; :♦;♦: *:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: >:>: *;♦; :♦;♦: *•»•; ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:>; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;*■ :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; >;>; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦>! :♦':♦: *>: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦■ ;♦::♦: :♦:* ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :'•:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :«:>: :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«::*: :♦::«; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >■:♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; »::*': :♦ :♦:;♦; ::♦:♦::♦: :♦"«:♦:; :♦::♦::♦:: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :-»;:♦: :♦:>: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦:;« ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: •♦•:♦: >::« »:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:»: :♦:»: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: '**; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦;•♦: >:;♦; :♦:♦: :♦;■*•: :♦:••; ;♦:.♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦• :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦; >::♦: >:♦: :♦;:♦; '♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; >;:♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:« >;* :♦:;♦; :♦;.♦: ;♦:♦: :♦:♦; >;:♦: •♦;♦; 44 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. in a clear, shrill tone, tremulous with sup- pressed emotion, said: " In reply to this audacious, atrocious charge of high treason, I call for the read- ing of the first paragraph of the Declaration of Independence. Read it ! Read it ! and see what that says of the rights of a people to reform, to change, and to dissolve their Government.' The attitude, the manner, the tone, the words; the venerable old man, with flash- ing eye and flushed cheek, and whose very form seemed to expand under the inspiration of the occasion — all presented a scene over- flowing in its sublimity. There was breath- less silence as that paragraph was read, in defense of whose principles our fathers had pledged their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor. It was a proud hour to Mr. Adams as they were all compelled to listen to the words: " That, to secure these rights, govern- ments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; and that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of those ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundations on such principles and organizing its powers in such form as shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." That one sentence routed and baffled the foe. The heroic old man looked around upon the audience, and thundered out, " Read that again ! " It was again read. Then in a few fiery, logical words he stated his defense in terms which even prejudiced minds could not resist. His discomfited assailants made several attempts to rally. After a conflict of eleven days they gave up vanquished and their resolution was ig- nominiously laid upon the table. In January, 1846, when seventy-eight years of age, he took part in the great de- bate on the Oregon question, displaying intellectual vigor, and an extent and accu- racy of acquaintance with the subject that excited great admiration. On the 2ist of February, 1848, he rose on the floor of Congress with a paper in his hand to address the Speaker. Suddenly he fell, stricken by paralysis, and was caught in the arms of those around him. For a time he was senseless and was conveyed to a sofa in the rotunda. With reviving consciousness he opened his eyes, looked calmly around and said, " This is the end of earth." Then after a moment's pause, he added, " I am content." These were his last words, and he soon breathed his last, in the apartment beneath the dome of the capitol — ^the theater of his labors and his triumphs. In the language of hymnolog}-, he " died at his post;" he " ceased at once to work and live." *;>;**;:*;*:c*;>;*>:>:>;>;>;:<**«*>;*:**>:>::*;>;>;;c^^ :♦::♦::« :♦;:♦::♦: :«::♦: :«:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :-*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:!♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦::♦: wa. ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: !»::♦: W-^ >::♦: >:;♦: :♦"♦: »::♦: »;:♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: »:;♦: £»::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦"♦: v:;:♦: :♦:••■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: !»::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: >"♦: :•»:'*: !»::♦: W. :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; >::♦: :♦:!»: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >:;«■:♦::♦: :♦:;♦;•»;:♦; ct? . vW^:??^-^ . ^c^^^^.^^-^??^ .♦:>. >::♦! :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:>: >;:♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦:>: :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::«>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:«•: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦:»; :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:% :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :<•>:« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: ;♦::♦; m >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦;:«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: AXDKEU' JACh'SOX. 47 ^^^fe^t-^^^>l-_@^t>^.g>>£H®^^^^KK, _g^.oiS^3 IT NDREW JACKSON, the seventh President of the United States, i829-'37, was born at the Waxhaw Settle, ment, Union Coun- ty, North Carolina, March i6, 1767. His parents were Scotch-Irish, natives of Carrickfergus, who came to America in 1765, and settled on Twelve-Mile Creek, a trib- utary of the Catawba. His father, who was a poor farm laborer, died shortly before An- drew's birth, when his mother removed to Waxhaw, where some relatives resided. Few particulars of the childhood of Jack- son have been preserved. His education was of the most limited kind, and he showed no fondness for books. He grew up to be a tall, lank boy, with coarse hair and freck- led cheeks, with bare feet dangling from trousers too short for him, very fond of ath- letic sports, running, boxing and wrestling. He was generous to the younger and weaker boys, but very irascible and over- bearing with his equals and superiors. He was profane — a vice in which he surpassed all other men. The character of his mother he revered; and it was not until after her death that his predominant vices gained full strength. In 1780, at the age of thirteen, Andrew, or Andy, as he was called, with his brother Robert, volunteered to serve in the Revo- lutionary forces under General Sumter, and was a witness of the latter's defeat at Hang- ing Rock. In the following year the brothers were made prisoners, and confined in Camden, experiencing brutal treatment from their captors, and being spectators of General Green's defeat at Hobkirk Hill. Through their mother's exertions the boys were exchanged while suffering from small- pox. In two days Robert was dead, and And}' apparently dying. The strength of his constitution triiunphed.and he regained health anil vigor. As he was getting better, his mother heard the cry of anguish from the prison- ers whom the British held in Charleston, among whom were the sons of her sisters. She hastened to their relief, was attacked by fever, died and was buried where her grave could never be found. Thus Andrew Jackson, when fourteen years of age, was left alone in the world, without father, mother, sister or brother, and without one dollar which he could call his own. 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But gradually, as health returned, he became more and more a wild, reckless, lawless boy. He gambled, drank and was regarded as about the worst character that could be found. He now turned schoolmaster. He could teach the alphabet, perhaps the multiplica- tion table; and as he was a very bold boy, it is possible he might have ventured to teach a little writing. But he soon began to think of a profession and decided to study law. With a very slender purse, and on the back of a very fine horse, he set out for Salisbury, North Carolina, where he entered the law office of Mr. McCay. Here he remained two years, professedly studying law. He is still remembered in traditions of Salisbury, which say: " Andrew Jackson was the most roaring, rollicking, horse-racing, card-playing, mis- chievous fellow that ever lived in Salisburv. He did not trouble the law-books much." Andrew was now, at the age of twent}', a tall young man, being over six feet in height. He was slender, remarkably grace- ful and dignified in his manners, an exquis- ite horseman, and developed, amidst his loathesome profanity and multiform vices, a vein of rare magnanimity. His temper was fiery in the extreme; but it was said of him that no man knew better than Andrew Jackson when to get angry and when not. In 1786 he was admitted to the bar, and two years later removed to Nashville, in what was then the western district of North Carolina, with the appointment of so- licitor, or public prosecutor. It was an of- fice of little honor, small emolument and great peril. Few men could be found to accept it. And now Andrew Jackson commenced vigorously to practice law. It was an im- portant part of his business to collect debts. It required nerve. During the first seven years of his residence in those wilds he traversed the almost pathless forest between Nashville and Jonesborough, a distance of 200 miles, twentv-two times. Hostile In- dians were constantl}' on the watch, and a man was liable at any moment to be shot down in his own field. Andrew Jackson was just the man for this service — a wild, daring, rough backwoodsman. Daily he made hair-breadth escapes. He seemed to bear a charmed life. Boldh', alone or with few companions, he traversed the forests, encountering all perils and triumphing over all. In 1790 Tennessee became a Territory, and Jackson was appointed, by President Washington, United States Attorney for the new district. In 1791 he married Mrs. Rachel Robards (daughter of Colonel John Donelson), whom he supposed to have been divorced in that year by an act of the Leg- islature of Virginia. Two years after this Mr. and Mrs. Jackson learned, to their great surprise, that Mr. Robards had just obtained a divorce in one of the courts of Kentucky, and that the act of the Virginia Legislature was not final, but conditional. To remedy the irregularity as much as pos- sible, a new license was obtained and the marriage ceremony was again performed. It proved to be a marriage of rare felic- ity. Probably there never was a more affectionate union. However rough Mr. Jackson might have been abroad, he was always gentle and tender at home; and through all the vicissitudes of their lives, he treated Mrs. Jackson with the most chival- ric attention. Under the circumstances it was not un- natural that the facts in the case of this marriage were so misrepresented by oppo- nents in the political campaigns a quarter or a century later as to become the basis of serious charges against Jackson's moral- ity which, however, have been satisfactorily attested by abundant evidence. 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He acquired considerable property in land, and obtained such influence as to be chosen a member of the convention which framed the Constitution for the new State of Ten- nessee, in 1796, and in that year was elected its first Representative in Congress. Albert Gallatin thus describes the first appearance of the Hon. Andrew Jackson in the House: " A tall, lank, uncouth-looking personage, with locks of hair hanging over his face and a cue down his back, tied with an eel skin; his dress singular, his manners and deport- ment those of a rough backwoodsman." Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Democratic part}'. Jefferson was his idol. He admired Bonaparte, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat. General Washington, whose second term of office was just expiring, delivered his last speech to Congress. A committee drew up a complimentary address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve the ad- dress and was one of twelve who voted against it. Tennessee had fitted out an expedition against the Indians, contrary to the poHcy of the Government. A resolution was intro- duced that the National Government should pay the expenses. Jackson advo- cated it and it was carried. This rendered him very popular in Tennessee. A va- cancy chanced soon after to occur in the Senate, and Andrew Jackson was chosen United States Senator by the State of Ten- nessee. John Adams was then President and Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. In 1798 Mr. Jackson returned to Tennes- see, and resigned his seat in the Senate. Soon after he was chosen Judge of the Su- preme Court of that State, with a salary of $600. This office he held six years. It is said that his decisions, though sometimes ungrammatical, were generall}- right. He did not enjoy his seat upon the bench, and renounced the dignit}' in 1804. About this time he was chosen Major-Gcneral of militia, and lost the title of judge in that of General. When he retired from the Senate Cham- ber, he decided to try his fortune through trade. He purchased a stock of goods in Philadelphia and sent them to Nashville, where he opened a store. He lived about thirteen miles from Nashville, on a tract of land of several thousand acres, mostly un- cultivated. He used a small block-house for a store, from a narrow window of which he sold goods to the Indians. As he had an assistant his office as judge did not materially interfere with his business. As to slavery, born in the midst of it, the idea never seemed to enter his mind that it could be wrong. He eventual!)' became an extensive slave owner, but he was one of the most humane and gentle of masters. In 1804 Mr. Jackson withdrew from pol- itics and settled on a plantation which he called the Hermitage, near Nashville. He set up a cotton-gin, formed a partnership and traded in New Orleans, making the voyage on flatboats. Through his hot tem- per he became involved in several quarrels and " affairs of honor," during this period, in one of which he was severely wounded, but had the misfortune to kill his opponent, Charles Dickinson. For a time this affair greatly injured General Jackson's popular- ity. The verdict then was, and continues to be, that General Jackson was outra- geously wrong. If he subsequently felt any remorse he never revealed it to anyone. In 1805 Aaron Burr had visited Nash- ville and been a guest of Jackson, with whom he corresponded on the subject of a war with Spain, which was anticipated and desired by them, as well as by the people of the Southwest generally. Burr repeated his visit in September, 1806, when he engaged in the celebrated >;>::cccc«cccc*;;«;:*;:*:c*::*;:*;»;*;:*;:*:'»>:>:.*:;*:»;:*>::*:>>>:i»:: .♦..» » ■'■•■. •^ •••••■■♦■* :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: .<»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;«"♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >:.4: :♦;:♦: :«:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: !♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•»::'»: :♦::♦: :«"♦: :♦"♦: ;♦;:<»: >"♦: :♦::♦: ;«:♦: ;♦"♦: :♦:>: ;♦;:«; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: '!»:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::••• :♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: •♦•••■ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.>: :♦;:♦; :♦::«': >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦' ^ ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«■ !♦"♦! :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦:»: :♦"♦: . . :♦♦ ;♦:.♦>;;♦::♦: ;♦:.♦:.♦.:♦;:♦; :♦:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: w.v. ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: .%:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: *i^ :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: )m :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦;;♦: >;:♦" rvvvv*"'c»;»>"*"c»"*"»"*:*:cc*::c*>;>:>>::c»;:*;;*;;*:;*:>.;*;;*.A>:;* »>:>:>::*:>:>;:*:»;:*;>::<:*;*:»;;c*:*;»::c*:«:«:*;»;»:»;i»i:«:*;«^^^ ■» *,♦ ♦♦,♦♦.♦..♦ ♦ ♦.♦..♦ ♦..».,•« ♦,.♦.,♦ ♦.♦.♦.♦ ♦.♦.« «■ -^ •»..♦. >;;♦;•••;:♦:;♦;;♦;;♦;.♦;;♦;:♦;.♦;.♦;>..♦>>;>;.♦;.♦-♦>:>;;♦.>.:♦..♦..♦:.♦:.♦'♦♦: ;♦::♦: so PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. combinations which led to his trial for trea- son. He was warmly received by Jackson, at whose instance a public ball was given in his honor at Nashville, and contracted with the latter for boats and provisions. Early in 1807, when Burr had been pro- claimed a traitor by President Jefferson, volunteer forces for the Federal service were organized at Nashville under Jack- son's command; but his energ}- and activ- ity did not shield him from suspicions of connivance in the supposed treason. He was summoned to Richmond as a witness in Burr's trial, but was not called to the stand, probably because he was out-spoken in his partisanship. On the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812, Jackson tendered his serv- ices, and in January, 181 3, embarked for New Orleans at the head of the Tennessee contingent. In March he received an or- der to disband his forces; but in Septem- ber he again took the field, in the Creek war, and in conjunction with his former partner. Colonel Coffee, inflicted upon the Indians the memorable defeat at Talladega, Emuckfaw and Tallapoosa. In May, 1814, Jackson, who had now ac- quired a national reputation, was appointed a Major-General of the United States army, and commenced a campaign against the British in Florida. He conducted the de- fense at Mobile, September 15, seized upon Pensacola, November 6, and immediately transported the bulk of his troops to New Orleans, then threatened by a powerful naval force. Martial law was declared in Louisiana, the State militia was called to arms, engagements with the British were fought December 23 and 28, and after re-en- forcements had been received on both sides the famous victory of January 8, 181 5, crowned Jackson's fame as a soldier, and made him the typical American hero of the first half of the nineteenth century. In i8i7-'i8 Jackson conducted the war against the Seminoles of Florida, during which he seized upon Pensacola and exe- cuted by courtmartial two British subjects, Arbuthnot and Ambrister acts which might easily have involved the United States in war both with Spain and Great Britain. Fortunately the peril was averted by the cession of Florida to the United States; and Jackson, who had escaped a trial for the irregularity of his conduct only through a division of opinion in Mon- roe's cabinet, was appointed in 1821 Gov- ernor of the new Territor}'. Soon after he declined the appointment of minister to Mexico. In 1823 Jackson was elected to the United States Senate, and nominated by the Ten- nessee Legislature for the Presidency. This candidacy, though a matter of surprise, and even merr)rment, speedil}' became popular, and in 1824, when the stormy electoral can- vas resulted in the choice of John Quincy Adams by the House of Representatives, General Jackson received the largest popu- lar vote among the four candidates. In 1828 Jackson was triumphantly elected President over Adams after a campaign of unparalleled bitterness. He was inaugu- rated March 4, 1829, and at once removed from oiihce all the incumbents belonging to the opposite party — a procedure new to American politics, but which naturally be- came a precedent. His first term was characterized by quar- rels between the Vice-President, Calhoun, and the Secretary of State, Van Buren, at- tended by a cabinet crisis originating in scandals connected with the name of Mrs. General Eaton, wife of the Secretary of War; by the beginning of his war upon the United States Bank, and by his vigorous action against the partisans of Calhoun, who, in South Carolina, threatened to nullify the acts of Congress, establishing a protective tariff. In the Presidential campaign of 1832 '•>i:*:::*;>;;c»:>;;*;:*>;>:>:>:>:>;>;>;:*;>;>:>;;«i>;*>;>::*:>;;»;>;;»;>;:»;>;>;>;** >::♦::♦; :♦::♦::♦:: >:;♦: >"♦: »::♦; :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:>; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; !♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::« •♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦::«■; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦; >::♦; *■♦) :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:* >"♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«■; :♦:»: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >;>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•« :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: w.w. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :«:»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«■: :♦::♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;«■: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:.« :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»;:♦: :♦;»:>: ANDREW JACKSON. S« Jackson received 219 out of 288 electoral votes, his competitor being Mr. Clay, while Mr. Wirt, on an Anti-Masonic platform, received the vote of Vermont alone. In 1833 President Jackson jemovcd the Gov- ernment deposits from the United States bank, thereby incurring a vote of censure from the Senate, which was, however, ex- punged four years later. During this second term of ofihce the Cherokees, Choctaws and Creeks were renioved, not without diffi- culty, from Georgia. Alabama and Missis- sippi, to the Indian Territory; the National debt was extinguished; Arkansas and Michigan were admitted as States to the Union; the vSeminole war was renewed; the anti-slavery agitation first acquired impor- tance; the Mormon delusion, which had organized in 1829, attained considerable proportions in Ohio and Missouri, and the countr}' experienced its greatest pecuniary panic. Railroads with locomotive propulsion were introduced into America during Jack- son's first term, and had become an impor- tant element of national life before the close of his second term. For many rea- sons, therefore, the administration of Presi- dent Jackson formed an era in American history, political, social and industrial. He succeeded in effecting the election of his friend Van Buren as his successor, re- tired from the Presidency March 4, 1837, and led a tranquil life at the Hermitage until his death, which occurred June 8, 1845. During his closing years he was a pro- fessed Christian and a member of the Pres- byterian church. No American of this century has been the subject of such oppo- site judgments. He was loved and hated with equal vehemence during his life, but at the present distance of time from his career, while opinions still vary as to the merits of his public acts, few of his country- men will question that he was a warm- hearted, brave, patriotic, honest and sincere man. If his distinguishing qualities were not such as constitute statesmanship, in the highest sense, he at least never pretended to other merits than such as were written to his credit on the page of American his- tory — not attempting to disguise the de- merits which were equally legible. The majority of his countrymen accepted and honored him, in spite of all that calumny as well as truth could allege against him. His faults may therefore be truly said to have been those of his time; his magnifi- cent virtues may also, with the same jus- tice, be considered as typical of a state of society which has nearly passed away. >:>:*»::c«>;:*::*:»>::c*:*::*:»:»>"*::o"*"*!>:>:>:>"*>"^^ .♦.♦. :♦:♦: >>: >> ». ;♦:♦ ;♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: >:* :♦>; >->; »i :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦>: :«:* :♦:♦: >:>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦:•»•: :♦•:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:»: '^:^. :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; >:;♦: :♦:;♦: :«;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;;♦, :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;«: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:•»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :«;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦' >:>::♦::*: :.♦;.♦;«:♦; ••■•♦•* :♦::♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:*: :■»:<»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :*:* :«:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.«; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:;♦: :♦::«: :♦;:♦: ;♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::■»: »::♦; ;♦::«: :♦:;♦: >"♦: ;♦;:«• :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :'*;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;<«>: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::«: :♦::♦; :♦::«: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >:>• :♦;♦: >:>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: . :«::♦::♦: :♦::♦:>: >:;'»::'»:»::«;:<»::c«;:c«"<»:>:>:i*>>"«"«:;<»"«"C'»"C'»::<»::«:;c<»::«>:^ PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. W^?^^s^^-^?^^?^'^?s?.')^-^. '^g^gsci ■' 1 \ — - c:^('.^c^c^&fiss>cs?^ ^^^MiS^jji ^<&'<;.*jtsjj>f;,^^* V 0"% ARTIN VAN REN, the ^^?3, President of the United States, 1837- '41, was born at Kin- derhook, New York, December 5, 1782. His ancestors were of Dutch origin, land were among the earliest emigrants from Hol- land to the banks of the Hudson. His father was a tavern-keeper, as well as a farmer, and a very decided Democrat. Martin commenced the study of law at the age of fourteen, and took an active part in politics before he had reached the age of twenty. In 1803 he commenced the practice of law in his native village. In 1809 he removed to Hudson, the shire town of his county, where he spent seven 3'ears, gaining strength by contending in the courts with some of the ablest men who have adorned the bar of his State. The heroic example of John Quincy Adams in retaining in office ever)- faithful man, without regard to his political preferences, had been thoroughly repudiated by Gen- eral Jackson. Tiie unfortunate principle was now full}- established, that " to the victor belong the spoils." Still, this prin- ciple, to which Mr. Van Buren gave his ad- herence, was not devoid of inconveniences. When, subsequently, he attained power which placed vast patronage in his hands, he was heard to say : " I prefer an office that has no patronage. When I give a man an office I offend his disappointed competi- tors and their friends. Nor am I certain of gaining a friend in the man I appoint, for, in all probability, he expected something better." In 1812 Mr. Van Buren was elected to the State Senate. In 181 5 he was appointed Attorney-General, and in 1816 to the Senate a second time. In 1818 there was a great split in the Democratic party in New York, and Mr. Van Buren took the lead in or- ganizing that portion of the party called the Albany Regency, which is said to have swayed the destinies of the State for a quarter of a century. In 1 82 1 he was chosen a member of the convention for revising the State Constitu- tion, in which he advocated an extension of the franchise, but opposed universal suf- frage, and also favored the proposal that colored persons, in order to vote, should have freehold property to the amount of $250. In this year he was also elected to the United States Senate, and at the con- clusion of his term, in 1827, was re-elected, but resigned the following year, having been chosen Governor of the State. 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SS State by President Jackson, but resigned in April, 183 1, and during the recess of Congress was appointed minister to Eng- land, whither he proceeded in September, but the Senate, when convened in Decem- ber, refused to ratify the appointment. In May, 1832, Mr. Van Buren was nomi- nated as the Democratic candidate for Vice- President, and elected in the following November. May 26, 1836, he received the nomination to succeed Genera' Jackson as President, and received 1 70 electoral votes, out of 283. Scarcely had he taken his seat in the Presidential chair when a financial panic swept over the land. Many attributed this to the war which General Jackson had waged on the banks, and to his endeavor to secure an almost exclusive specie currency. Nearly every bank in the country was com- pelled to suspend specie payment, and ruin pervaded all our great cities. Not less than 254 houses failed in New York in one week. All public works were brought to a stand, and there was a general state of dismay. President Van Buren urged the adoption of the independent treasury system, which was twice passed in the Senate and defeated in the House, but finally became a law near the close of his administration. Another important measure was the pass- age of a pre-emption law, giving actual set- tlers the preference in the purchase of public lands. The question of slavery, also, now began to assume great prominence in national politics, and after an elaborate anti-slavery speech by Mr. Slade, of Ver- mont, in the House of Representatives, the Southern members withdrew for a separate consultation, at which Mr. Rhett, of South Carolina, proposed to declare it expedient that the Union should be dissolved ; but the matter was tided over by the passage of a resolution that no petitions or papers relating to slavery should be in an}- way considered or acted upon. In the Presidential election of 1840 Mr. Van Buren was nominated, without opposi- tion, as the Democratic candidate, William H. Harrison being the candidate of the Whig party. The Democrats carried only seven States, and out of 294 electoral votes only sixty were for Mr. Van Buren, the re- maining 234 being for his opponent. The Whig popular majority, however, was not large, the elections in many of the States being very close. March 4, 1841, Mr. Van Buren retired from the Presidency. From his fine estate at Lindenwald he still exerted a powerful influence upon the politics of the country. In 1844 he was again proposed as the Democratic candidate for the Presidency, and a majority of the delegates of the nominating convention were in his favor ; but, owing to his opposition to the pro- posed annexation of Texas, he could not secure the requisite two-thirds vote. His name was at length withdrawn by his friends, and Mr. Polk received the nomina- tion, and was elected. In 1848 Mr. Cass was the regular Demo- cratic candidate. A schism, however, sprang up in the party, upon the question of the permission of slavery in the newly- acquired territory, and a portion of the party, taking the name of " Free-Soilers," nominated Mr. Van Buren. They drew away sufficient votes to secure the election of General Taylor, the Whig candidate. After this Mr. Van Buren retired to his es- tate at Kinderhook, where the remainder of his life was passed, with the exception of a European tour in 1853. He died at Kinderhook, July 24, 1862, at the age of eighty years. Martin Van Buren was a great and good man, and no one will question his right to a high position among those who have been the successors of Washington in the faithful occupancy of the Presidential chair. >■:♦':♦:>: >:.♦.>:«; i >::♦: :«:>. :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »::«: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: W<. :♦::♦ >::'». :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >!:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«£ :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«': >::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"'»; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦;:♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦; :*:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:>; >::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; >;:♦; :♦;;♦; ■»;>3 :♦::♦; .*::♦; :♦::•« :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::«': :♦::♦; ;*>; >::♦; 'MM :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::* :♦:>: :♦::♦: 'MM :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:■♦; :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦:»; 'M.'M :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;■« :♦:;« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦;:« :♦;;•♦> :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦;♦: 'MM ;♦;:♦: :♦:;* :♦;:* :♦;* :♦:••-: :♦;:* :♦:;■« >:>: :♦::♦: :'*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦; 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'M.M 'MM :♦::« ;♦::♦: 'MM 'MM ;♦::♦: :♦::«■: :♦::♦: 'm:m 'M.M :«:;♦: :♦:.♦:' :♦::♦: s6 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. KJC tXXJfXHjDLlj .'— •■ WILLIftffl HENRY HflRfilSDN. IL.^ I L L I A M HENRY HARRISON, the ninth President of the United States, I 84 I, was born Fpbruar)^ 9, 1773, in Charles County, Virginia, at Berkeley, the resi- dence of his father, Governor Benjamin Harrison. He studied at Hampden, Sidney College, with a view of entering the med- ical profession. After graduation he went to Philadelphia to study medicine under the instruction of Dr. Rush. George Washington was then President of the United States. The Indians were committing fearful ravages on our North- western frontier. Young Harrison, either lured by the love of adventure, or moved by the sufferings of families exposed to the most horrible outrages, abandoned his med- ical studies and entered the army, having obtained a commission of ensign from Pres- ident Washington. The first duty assigned him was to take a train of pack-horses bound to Fort Hamilton, on the Miami River, about forty miles from Fort Wash- ington. He was soon promoted to the 'M:M:M:M:ii:M:if:M:M:M:if:M'jf:M:M:M:M:M'M:M:M:M:M:M:M:M:M:ii:M:M:M:M:M:if:M:M:M:if. 'M:M:M:M'ji:M:M:M:M:st:M'ji:M:M:M'jcM:M:M:i^':M:M:M'jf:M:M:M:M:M:M:M:M:M:M:M:M:M. 'M.'M 'M.'M 'M.'M 'M'M 'MM 'M.'M 'MM. 'M'M 'MM 'M'M 'M.'M 'M.'M 'M'M 'M.'M »::♦: >"♦: >::♦; 'M'M. :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: 'M'M »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; 'M'M 'M'M 'MM 'MM 'M'M 'M'M 'M'M :♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: 'M'M m 'M'M 'M.'M 'MM. 'M.'M 'MM 'M.'M 'M'M 'MM 'MM 'M'M 'M.'M 'MM 'M.'M ;** MM 'MM 'M.'M 'M'M 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'M.'M 'M'M 'MM 'M'M 'M'M 'M'M 'M.'M 'M.'M 'M.'M 'M'M 'MM 'M'M 'MM 'M.'M M.'M 'M.'M 'M.'M 'M'M 'M.'M 'M.'M 'MM 'MM 'MM 'M'M 'MM. 'MM 'M.'M 'M.'M. 'MM 'MM 'M.'M 'M.'M 'M.'M 'M.'M 'MM. 'M.'M 'M'M 'M'M 'M.'M 'M'M 'M'M 'MM rank of Lieutenant, and joined the army which Washington had placed under the command of General Wayne to prosecute more vigorously the war with the In- dians. Lieutenant Harrison received great commendation from his commanding offi- cer, and was promoted to the rank of Captain, and placed in command at Fort Washington, now Cincmnati, Ohio. About this time he married a daughter of John Cleves Symmes, one of the fron- tiersmen who had established a thriving settlement on the bank of the Maumee. In 1797 Captain Harrison resigned his commission in the army and was appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territor)', and ex-officio Lieutenant-Governor, General St. Clair being then Governor of the Territory. At that time the law in reference to the disposal of the public lands was such that no one could purchase in tracts less than 4,000 acres. Captain Harrison, in the face of violent opposition, succeeded in obtaining so much of a modification of this unjust law that the land was sold in alternate tracts of 640 and 320 acres. The Northwest Territory was then entitled to one delegate in Congress, and Cap- tain Harrison was chosen to fill that of- fice. In 1800 he was appointed Governor ^ J^/Tc a^2- WILLIAM HENRY HAIililSOy. of Indiana Territory and soon after of Upper Louisiana. He was also Superin- tendent of Indian Affairs, and so well did he fulfill these duties that he was four times appointed to this office. During his admin- istration he effected thirteen treaties with the Indians, by which the United States acquired 60,000,000 acres of land. In 1804 he obtained a cession from the Indians of all the land between the Illinois River and the Mississippi. In 1S12 he was made Major-General of Kentucky militia and Brigadier-General in the army, with the command of the Northwest frontier. In 181 3 he was made Major-General, and as such won much re- nown by the defense of Fort Meigs, and the battle of the Thames, Octobers, 1813. In 18 14 he left the army and was employed in Indian affairs by the Government. In 18 16 General Harrison was chosen a member of the National House of Repre- sentatives to represent the district of Ohio. In the contest which preceded his election he was accused of corruption in respect to the commissariat of the army. Immedi- ateh' upon taking his seat, he called for an investigation of the charge. A committee was appointed, and his vindication was triumphant. A high compliment was paid to his patriotism, disinterestedness and devotion to the public service. For these services a gold medal was presented to him with the thanks of Congress. In 1 8 19 he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and in 1824, as one of the Presiden- tial electors of that State, he gave his vote to Henry Clay. In the same year he was elected to the Senate of the United States. In 1828 he was appointed by President Adams minister plenipotentiary to Colom- bia, but was recalled by General Jackson immediately after the inauguration of the latter. Upon his return to the United States, General Harrison retired to his farm at aK5r«">>>*>'*;*v*;:ccc»:»:>::*:>:>"cc*:>"»::«:»::*:>"*:;ccccc^"*^^^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:,♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•« :♦;»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦. :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:V: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; '♦::'»: :*::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; !♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: 'm. .*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;♦; :♦:.♦: :♦"♦; >:;♦::♦"♦: ;♦;:♦>::♦: ■ ;«•;♦:;♦::♦"♦:•♦:.♦;:♦::♦ 59 North Bend, Hamilton County, Ohio, six- teen miles below Cincinnati, where for twelve years he was clerk of the County Court. He once owned a distillery, but perceiving the sad effects of whisky upon the surrounding population, he promptly abandoned his business at great pecuniary sacrifice. In 1836 General Harrison was brought forward as a candidate for the Presidenc)'. Van Buren was the administration candi- date; the opposite party could not unite, and four candidates were brought forward. General Harrison received sevent3--three electoral votes without an)' general concert among his friends. The Democratic party triumphed and Mr. Van Buren was chosen President. In 1839 General Harrison was again nominated for the Presidenc}' by the Whigs, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Mr. Van Buren being the Democratic candi- date. General Harrison received 234 elec- toral votes against sixty for his opponent. This election is memorable chiefly for the then extraordinar\- means emplo)'ed during the canvass for popular votes. Mass meet- ings and processions were introduced, and the watchwords " log cabin " and " hard cider" were effectually used by the Whigs, and aroused a popular enthusiasm. A vast concourse of people attended his inauguration. His address on that occasion was in accordance with his antecedents, and gave great satisfaction. A short time after he took his seat, he was seized by a pleurisy- fever, and after a few days of violent sick- ness, died April 4, just one short month after his inauguration. His death was universally regarded as one of the greatest of National calamities. Never, since the death of Washington, were there, throughout one land, such demonstrations of sorrow. Not one single spot can be found to sully his fame; and through all ages Americans will pronounce with love and reverence the name of Wiiii.uii Henry Harrison. ;♦:.♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:.»: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: *.:♦; :♦:;« :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :«:♦: .♦:;♦: :♦:!♦: :♦:;*: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: .♦::♦: .♦:.♦; :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: .♦;:♦; .%;♦: >:;♦: »::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 1^ :♦;>; .%:«>: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::»: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦"'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦; >:•♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: (»::♦: :♦::♦: !»;>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::<»: :♦::♦: ■*;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦:;♦: .^>: >::♦: :♦::♦: .*::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: >:>: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; .*:>: :♦:*: :♦::•♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; *.*.>::o::c«>:>:>::*:>;>>>:>:>:>:»"*"o>>>::cc«>::*>>;:^^ ».:♦; *:♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦:>' :♦;:♦: >:;♦: :♦:>; >::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; »: :♦"♦; :♦"* :♦::♦: >::♦: :<:♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; !♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :4>:« :♦::♦: :♦;»: >!»: ;♦;:♦; !'«:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;.♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦::«: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; . :♦;:♦;* :♦;;♦;*. :c*:»"c**>"c*:c*;»,».»*.«.v>;;c*"cccc*::c*;:*;»:'»::*;:*:»"^^^^ 60 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^:^m- ^ mm e^p p^i bSsh fUEi OHN TYLER, the tenth President of the United States, was born in Charles Cit)' County, Virginia, March 29, 1790. His father. Judge John Tyler, possessed large landed estates in Virginia, and was one of the most distinguished men of his day, filling the offices of Speaker of the House of Delegates, Judge of the Su- preme Court and Governor of the State. At the early age of twelve entered William and Mary graduated with honor when but seventeen years old. He then closely applied himself to the study of law, and at nineteen years of age commenced the prac- tice of his profession. When only twenty- one he was elected to a seat in the State Legislature. He acted with the Demo- cratic party and advocated the measures of Jefferson and Madison. For five years he was elected to the Legislature, receiving nearly the unanimous vote of his county. When but twenty-six years of age he was elected a member of Congress. He advo- cated a strict construction of the Constitu- tion and the most careful vigilance over young John College, and State rights. He was soon compelled to resign his seat in Congress, owing to ill health, but afterward took his seat in the State Legislature, where he exerted a powerful influence in promoting public works of great utility. In 1825 Mr. Tyler was chosen Governor of his State — a high honor, for Virginia had man}' able men as competitors for the prize. His administration was signally a successful one. He urged forward inter- nal improvements and strove to remove sectional jealousies. His popularity secured his re-election. In 1827 he was elected United States Senator, and upon taking his seat joined the ranks of the opposition. He opposed the tariff, voted against the bank as unconstitutional, opposed all restrictions upon slavery, resisted all projects of inter- nal improvements by the General Govern- ment, avowed his sympathy with Mr. Cal- houn's views of nullification, and declared that General Jackson, by his opposition to the nuUificrs, had abandoned the principles of the Democratic party. Such was Mr. Tyler's record in Congress. This hostilit}' to Jackson caused Mr. Tyler's retirement from tiie Senate, after his election to a second term. He soon after removed to Williamsburg for the better education of his children, and again took his seat in the Legislature. .♦.♦..♦::♦; :♦::♦.♦>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"«; :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: ^ ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:>: :♦:'!»: :♦;>; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.>; :♦::♦: ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :^'!»: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦:;♦: >::« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: »::♦: :«:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::'»: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;<»: ;♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: . .. .:♦;:♦: :♦: ■\ xj(r7'iyrc Mj Xy ) / ♦.♦. «•::♦; ♦::♦; ♦::♦: ♦::♦; ,♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:.♦: 'Hi'*'. :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;<»:.4: :♦::«; :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: <»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: W.'iti ;♦"♦: ■»"♦; >::♦: :«"<»: >:;♦: >:>: ;♦;:♦: :«:>: !»::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: %:♦: :♦::♦; !»::♦; j^* :♦::♦: **. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:!»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦: !»;;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::«': :♦;:♦; >::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦;.♦: :♦"♦: :♦;>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::*: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:!♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦:•♦::♦:: :♦;:♦:>; yON/V TVr.ER. 63 In 1839 he was sent to the National Con- vention at Harrisburg to nominate a Presi- dent. General Harrison received a majority of votes, much to the disappointment of the South, who had wished for Henry Cla}-. In order to concih'ate the Southern Whigs, John Tyler was nominated for Vice-Presi- dent. Harrison and Tyler were inaugu- rated March 4, 1841. In one short month from that time President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler, to his own surprise as well as that of the nation, found himself an occupant of the Presidential chair. His position was an exceedingly difficult one, as he was opposed to the main principles of the party which had brought him into power. General Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet. Should he retain them, and thus surround himself with councilors whose yiews were antagonistic to his own? or should he turn against the party that had elected him, and select a cabinet in harmony with himself? This was his fear- ful dilemma. President Tyler deserves more charity than he has received. He issued an address to the people, which gave general satisfac- tion. He retained the cabinet General Harrison had selected. His veto of a bill chartering a new national bank led to an open quarrel with the party which elected him, and to a resignation of the entire cabinet, except Daniel Webster, Secretar}' of State. President Tyler attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabinet, leaving out all strong party men, but the Whig members of Congress were not satisfied, and they published a manifesto September 13, break- ing off all political relations. The Demo- crats had a majority in the House ; the Whigs in the Senate. Mr. Webster soon found it necessary to resign, being forced out by the pressure of his Whig friends. April 12, 1844, President Tyler concluded, through Mr. Calhoun, a treaty for the an- nexation of Texas, which was rejected by the Senate ; but he effected his object in the closing daj's of his administration by the passage of the joint resolution of March i 1845. He was nominated for the Presidency by an informal Democratic Convention, held at Baltimore in May, 1844, but soon with- drew from the canvass, perceiving that he had not gained the confidence of the Demo- crats at large. Mr. Tyler's administration was particu- larly unfortunate. No one was satisfied. Whigs and Democrats alike assailed him. Situated as he was, it is more than can be expected of human nature that he should, in all cases, have acted in the wisest manner; but it will probably be the verdict of all candid men, in a careful review of his career, that John Tyler was placed in a position of such difficulty that he could not pursue an}' course which would not expose him to severe censure and denunciation. In 181 3 Mr. Tyler married Letitia Chris- tian, who bore him three sons and three daughters, and died in Washington in 1S42. June 36, 1S44, he contracted a second mar- riage with Miss Julia Gardner, of New York. He lived in almost complete retire- ment from politics until Fcbruar}-, 1861, when he was a member of the abortive " peace convention," held at Washington, and was chosen its President. Soon after he renounced his allegiance to the United States and was elected to the Confederate Congress. He died at Richmond, January 17, 1862, after a short illness. Unfortunately for his memory the name of John Tyler must forever be associated with all the misery of that terrible Re- bellion, whose cause he openly espoused. It is with sorrow that history records that a President of the United States died while defending the flag of rebellion, which was arrayed against the national banner in deadly warfare. :♦:♦:>: >:>: :♦::♦; >:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; >;*■ >:;♦; " :♦:;*' >::♦' •»::*■ :♦:* :♦:>: >>: >:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;•«•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: !♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::<»: :♦:;« >::♦: :«;:•: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:'♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;»: >::♦: >;:♦; :♦:»: >;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;♦; :♦;:♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::«! :♦::♦; :♦;■* :♦::♦: :♦;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:»: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :«:* :♦:;♦; ;«:.v, :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: »:;♦: :♦:;♦; >;;♦: :«::♦: ;«:♦: >::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:« ;♦;« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >;;♦; • :*:»:»::*:**::*»>;:«:*>:;*::*::«:*;:«:c*::*>::«:*:« ■*>; ;♦;;♦; :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:>; :♦;:'«!' >"♦: >::« :♦::•« :♦"♦: >::♦; >::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: 'if.'M >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: >;:»: :♦::♦: :*.>; >:;♦; >::♦; »;;♦: :♦::♦; :■»::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::«: >;:♦; »::♦: :♦"♦: *>; >::♦; >::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; !♦•:♦; :+::♦: :*:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦"•«• :♦::♦; :«::♦; >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:♦; :•»;:♦■; :♦::♦: :'»::♦: »;:♦: :♦:;♦: :*::♦: :•»::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:*; :♦;:♦; :♦:* .<»:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: 64 PJiESIDI£X7^ OF THE UNITED STATES. AMES KNOX POLK, 3: the eleventh President of 1^ the United States, 1845- '49, was born in Meck- lenburg County, North Carolina, November 2, 1795. He was the eldest son of a family of six sons and four daughters, and was a grand-nephew of Colonel Thomas Polk, celebrated in connection with the Meck- lenburg Declaration of In- dependence. In 1806 his father, Samuel Polk, emigrated with his fam- il}' two or three hundred miles west to the valley of the Duck River. He was a sur- veyor as well as farmer, and gradually in- creased in wealth until he became one of the leading men of the region. In the common schools James rapidly be- came proficient in all the common branches of an English education. In 181 3 he was sent to Murfreesboro Academy, and in the autumn of 181 5 entered the sophomore class in the University of Ncjrth Carolina, at Chapel Hill, graduating in 18 18. After a short season of recreation he went to Nash- ville and entered the law office of Felix Grundy. As soon as he had his finished legal studies and been admitted to the bar, he returned to Columbia, the shire town of Maury County, and opened an office. James K. Polk ever adhered to the polit- ical faith of his father, which was that of a Jeffersonian Republican. In 1823 he was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. As a " strict constructionist," he did not think that the Constitution empowered the Gen- eral Government to carry on a system of internal improvements in the States, but deemed it important that it should have that power, and wished the Constitution amended that it might be conferred. Sub- sequently, however, he became alarmed lest the General Government become so strong as to undertake to interfere with slaver}'. He therefore gave all his influence to strengthen the State governments, and to check the growth of the central power. In January, 1824, Mr. Polk married Miss Mary Childress, of Rutherford Count}-, Ten- nessee. Had some one then whispered to him that he was destined to become Presi- dent of the United States, and that he must select for his companion one who would adorn that distinguished station, he could not have made a more fitting choice. She was truly a lady of rare beaut)' and culture. In the fall of 1825 Mr. Polk was chosen a member of Congress, and was continu- .♦..♦..•♦..♦..♦,A.*.iM>>;.*..<«*:;<«;;*;:c*;;«cc«*>::c*>>>;:c«c^^^ m. >.>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦:»: >"♦: :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦;>: [♦::♦! :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :-»;:♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :«:♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :«':♦; :♦>: :♦>; >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«>: Wi :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: W< :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :«:♦: :«:♦: :«:♦: :«:♦: >::«' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: »::♦: !«:♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: [♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :«::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :■»::♦: :♦:;♦: :«;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; >;.♦: :«;.^: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: »:»: »::♦: >::♦;:♦;;♦: y.lMES A'. POLK. ♦ ♦ '«' ♦: ♦ ♦' ♦ '♦ :♦: :♦;♦; > ♦: ♦ :♦ * ♦; ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. .♦ ♦: ♦. ♦ • ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦::♦. »; :♦>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: >:•»: :♦::♦: :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: >::♦; >:*; >::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: >;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::*, :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >.:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«■: :♦:'>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: 67 ously re-elected until 1839. He then with- drew, only that he might accept the gubernatorial chair of his native State. He was a warm friend of General Jackson, who had been defeated in the electoral contest by John Quincy Adams. This latter gentleman had just taken his scat in the Presidential chair when iNIr. Polk took his seat in the House of Representatives. He immediately united himself with the opponents of Mr. Adams, and was soon regarded as the leader of the Jackson party in the House. The four years of Mr. Adams' adminis- tration passed away, and General Jackson took tne Presidential chair. Mr. Polk had now become a man of great influence in Congress, ana was chairman of its most important committee — that of Ways and Means. Eloquently he sustained General Jackson in all his measures — in his hostility to internal improvements, to the banks, and to the tariff. Eight years of General Jack- son's administration passed away, and the powers he had wielded passed into the hands of Martin Van Buren ; and still Mi". Polk remained in the House, the advocate of that type of Democracy which those distinguished men upheld. During five sessions of Congress Mr. Polk was speaker of the House. He per- formed his arduous duties to general satis- faction, and a unanimous vote of thanks to him was passed by the House as he with- drew, March 4, 1839. He was elected Governor by a large majority, and took the oath of office at Nashville, October 14, 1839. He was a candidate for re-election in 1 841, but was defeated. In the mean- time a wonderful revolution had swept over ttie country. W. H. Harrison, the Whig candidate, had been called to the Presiden- tial chair, and in Tennessee the Whig ticket had been carried by over 12,000 majority. Under these circumstances Mr. Polk's suc- cess was hopeless. Still he canvassed the ;♦;!♦.*;;♦;>;.♦;>;;<:♦;:♦..♦*;♦.*:♦:;♦::«•:♦;.♦:>.;♦>,.•.;♦,.♦.;♦;>..♦..♦..♦:.♦.>:.♦..♦..♦..♦.♦.**.♦. State with his Whig competitor, Mr. Jones, traveling in the most friendly manner to- gether, often in the same carriage, and at one time sleeping in the same bed. Mr. Jones was elected by 3,000 majority. And now the question of the annexation of Texas to our countr}- agitated the whole land. When this question became national Mr. Polk, as the avowed champion of an- nexation, became the Presidential candidate of tlic pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party, and George M. Dallas their candi- date for the Vice-Presidency. They were elected by a large majority, and were in- augurated March 4, 1845. President Polk formed an able cabinet, consisting of James Buchanan, Robert J. Walker, William L. Marcy, George Ban- croft, Cave Johnson and John Y. Mason. The Oregon boundary question was settled, the Department of the Interior was created, the low tariff of 1846 was carried, the financial S3^stem of the Government was reorganized, the Mexican war was con- ducted, which resulted in the acquisition of California and New Mexico, and had far- reaching c(5nsequcnces upon the later fort- unes of the republic. Peace was made. We had wrested from Mexico territory equal to four times the empire of France, and five times that of Spain. In the prose- cution of this war we expended 20,000 lives and more than $100,000,000. Of this money $15,000,000 were paid to Mexico. Declining to seek a renomination, Mr. Polk retired from the Presidency March 4, 1849, when he was succeeded by General Zachary Taylor. He retired to Nashville, and died there June 19, 1849, '" the fifty- fourth year of his age. His funeral was at- tended the following day, in Nashville, with every demonstration of respect. He left no children. Without being possessed of extraordinary talent, Mr. Polk was a capable administrator of public affairs, and irre- proachable in private life. .♦..♦..♦. .♦..♦* >.>; ;♦:♦: >::♦: :*:♦; »• ;♦:>: >::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: [♦:♦; :♦:>: >::♦. >:>. >>: :♦,:♦: >>: >>: :♦;♦: »; >;*: >■>; ;♦:* :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: >:♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: m. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; >;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: . :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :■»:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :■»:>; :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:>: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«:':♦: »;:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦; >::«': :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:.«: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: .<»;:♦: »::« :♦::«. :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦;♦::♦: »::♦>: :♦::♦>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«■: :♦::« :♦;;♦: :•»::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦' :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"»: :♦::*: ;♦::♦: ^* :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:« :♦::♦: *::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"«: :♦;•»; !»;;♦; :♦;.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:>: :♦:>: *:;♦: >:>: :♦::«: :♦::♦; !** :«:>: ;♦"♦: ;♦::*: ;♦:>: :♦:;♦: :«:;♦; :♦::♦: ►♦:♦ *:»'. . »:;♦:* :♦>:•♦■ 68 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ^«^«^tg»it^tgg>'^'j^^(« !';:4:;«::c4:!c:c4;:*::€^C4ii«r;:c:: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :«:< :♦!:♦: :♦;:♦; :«:♦: ;♦;:♦; ♦"♦< *"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: >:;♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :«.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦;>: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: 'ffM :♦::♦: :♦::♦ :♦:♦ :♦:♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '^:^. :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'ffM >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;« ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: 'ff.'Sf. :♦;* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: ;«« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;■•! :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: ;♦;:♦: '^^/::L^/C:^t^r^/ y/::x^ :♦::< 'Hilt :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: Kfi :♦:.♦: >"♦: >::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ^**? :♦:.♦;♦" :♦;:♦>: ;♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::« »::♦: :«;;♦: ;♦::«>: ;♦:>: :♦:>: >:>: ;*?!" :«;<»: :♦:>: :♦:»: :«:»: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ■♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:.« ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;«■ :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: !»:>: :♦::♦: ;♦"'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :■»:;♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: w.m :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«:;♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: !♦;>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; ••;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:,♦; :«•♦: •♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦::«:♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦_♦♦»..♦>.:♦::♦.♦.♦::♦>:♦-♦»::♦»■♦"♦■■♦■■♦>♦■♦■♦ ZACHA li r T. I r/, r;/?. 7i country. He served through the Black Hawk war in 1832, and in 1837 was ordered to take command in Florida, then the scene of war with the Indians. In 1846 he was transferred to the com- mand of the Army of the Southwest, from which he was relieved the same3'ear at his own request. Subsequently he was sta- tioned on the Arkansas frontier at Forts Gibbon, Smith and Jesup, which latter work had been built under his direction in 1822. May 28, i84r5, he received a dispatch from the Secretary of War informing him of the receipt of information by the President " that Texas would shortly accede to the terms of annexation," in which event he was instructed to defend and protect her from " foreign invasion and Indian incur- sions." He proceeded, upon the annexation of Texas, with about 1,500 men to Corpus Chnsti, where his force was increased to some 4,000. Taylor was bre vetted Major-General May 28, and a month later, June 29, 1S46, his full commission to that grade was issued. After needed rest and reinforcement, he advanced in September on Monterey, which city ca- pitulated after three-days stubborn resist- ance. Here he took up his winter quarters. The plan for the invasion of Mexico, by way of Vera Cruz, with General Scott in command, was now determined upon by the Govenrment, and at the moment Taylor was about to resume active operations, he received orders to send the larger part of his force to reinforce the army of General Scott at Vera Cruz. Though subsequently reinforced by raw recruits, yet after pro- viding a garrison for Monterey and Saltillo he had but about 5,300 effective troops, of which but 500 or 600 were regulars. In this weakened condition, however, he was destined to achieve his greatest victory. Confidently relying upon his strength at Vera Cruz to resist the enemy for a long time, Santa Anna directed his entire army against Taylor to overwhelm him, and then to return to oppose the advance of Scott's more formidable invasion. The battle of Bucna Vista was fought February 22 and 23, 1847. Taylor received the thanks of Congress and a gold medal, and " Old Rough and Ready," the sobriquet given him in the army, became a household word. He remained in quiet possession of the Rio Grande Valley until November, when he returned to the United States. In the Whig convention which met at Philadelphia,June 7, 1848, Taylor was nomi- nated on the fourth ballot as candidate of the Whig party for President, over Henry Clay, General Scott and Daniel Webster. In November Taylor received a majority of electoral votes, and a popular vote of 1,360,752, against 1,219,962 for Cass and Butler, and 291,342 for Van Buren and Adams. General Taylor was inaugurated March 4, 1849. . The free and slave States being then equal in number, the struggle for supremacy on the part of the leaders in Congress was violent and bitter. In the summer of 1849 California adopted in convention a Consti- tution prohibiting slavei-y within its borders. Taylor advocated the immediate admission of California with her Constitution, and the postponement of the question as to the other Territories until they could hold conven- tions and decide for themselves whether slavery should exist within their borders. This policy ultimately prevailed through the celebrated " Compromise Measures" of Henry Clay ; but not during the life of the brave soldier and patriot statesman. July 5 lie was taken suddenly ill with a bilious fever, which proved fatal, his death occur- ring July 9, 1850. One of his daughters married Ccjloncl W. W. S. Bliss, his Adju- tant-General and Chief of Staff in Florida and McxictJ, and Private Secretary during his Presidency. Another daughter was married to Jefferson Davis. *"*3i?si!»"c**..*/c*>"*"*:*"*:*:: :«::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦: :«!>: :♦::♦: :♦!;♦: Wff. :*:;♦: :♦;:♦: ?i* >.:♦: :«::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>! :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦;:••£ :♦;>: :♦::♦: :«::«! :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦:>: :♦;:« :♦"♦; :♦:;* :♦::♦: >::♦: :«:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::«! :♦::♦: :«::♦: :«:♦: :♦::«•: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::«■: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦•; :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::••!' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: .«::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦: \* '»'. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: >'♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦. ♦: ;♦,.♦: ;♦..*: ;♦.♦: :♦.♦: ;♦:>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: , :♦::« .♦:♦::♦: .♦:♦::♦: »:3r« :♦::♦:;♦: :♦::-»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: .^"♦; :♦:>-: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;»: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::« >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦:*: ;♦;% •»:*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»; ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦. :♦:;♦: >::♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:'♦; >::«': :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; >:♦; :♦:♦; :♦:.♦: :♦;>: ':*'.*'. .*.♦; >:>: >::♦; :♦:>: >:>: :♦;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:♦: >;:♦: >;♦; >:♦; :♦:♦; ,♦.♦: '.*'.*'. PRES/DEXTS OF THE UXITED STATES. '^^fe^. I;' [LLARD FILL- iMORE, the thir- ;j^; teenth President m. y*"1^ County, of the United States, i850-'3, was born in Summer Hill, Cayuga New York, Janu- 1800. He was of New England ancestry, and his educational advantages were limited. He earl}- learned the clothiers' trade, but spent all his leisure time in study. At nineteen years of age he was induced b}- Judge Walter Wood to abandon his trade and commence the study of law. Upon learning that the young man was entirely destitute of means, he took him into his own office and loaned him such money as he needed. That he might not be heavily burdened with debt, young Fillmore taught school during the winter montiis, and in various other ways helped himself along. At the age of twenty-three he was ad- mitted to the Court of Common Pleas, and commenced the practice of his profession in the village of Aurora, situated on the eastern bank of the Cayuga Lake. In 1825 he married Miss Abigail Powers, daughter of Rev. Lemuel Powers, a lady of great moral worth. In 1825 he took his seat in the House of Assembly of his native State, as Representative from Erie County, whither he had recently moved. Though he had never taken a very active part in politics his vote and his sym- pathies were with the Whig party. The State was then Democratic, but his cour- tesy, ability and integrity won the respect of his associates. In 1832 he was elected to a seat in the United States Congress. At the close of his term he returned to his law practice, and in two years more he was again elected to Congress. He now began to have a national reputa- tion. His labors were very arduous. To draft resolutions in the committee room, and then to defend them against the most skillful opponents on the floor of the House requires readiness of mind, mental resources and skill in debate such as few possess. Weary with these exhausting labors, and pressed by the claims of his private affairs, Mr. Fillmore wrote a letter to his constitu- ents and declined to be a candidate for re- election. Notwithstanding this ccmmuni- ^.♦..♦.:*..*:c»;icc*;>:>;>;>:>:>:>;>;>;>;>;:'f:c*;>:>:>;;»y>;>>;>;>;>;;*;** :♦;:♦; .*:•♦•; :♦:;♦: :♦:':»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »::♦: »::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: !«:♦: :♦>: :♦::« »>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦; w/m w.v. :♦::♦: »:.»: :♦:>: >::♦: ;♦:;♦: .%:♦: ;■»::♦: »;;♦: »::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:;« :♦:.% »::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;;♦: >;:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:>: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦; :«>::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:* :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: >::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:•«• :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :•*::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«: s»:;*: :■♦::♦: !»::« :♦::*: ;♦:,* !»::«': ;*:♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦: ;»::•: £»:;♦: :♦::* :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦:*: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: !♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; !♦:!♦: :♦:;♦::♦:■♦: .♦,-♦♦>; ljJa^j^< O J(^C^p-i^^cru) >"♦: :♦:;♦; >"♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦; ?;* »:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 3*::«: :♦::♦; >::♦; W^ :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦;»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« ^* .♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;»: :♦:;« :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•»! :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: MILLAIiD FILLMORE. 75 cation his friends met in convention and renominated him by acclamation. Though gratified by this proof of their appreciation of his labors he adhered to his resolve and returned to his home. In 1847 Mr. Fillmore was elected to the important office of comptroller of the State. In entering upon the very responsible duties which this situation demanded, it was nec- essary for him to abandon his profession, and he removed to the city of Albany. In this 3'ear, also, the Whigs were looking around to find suitable candidates for the President and Vice-President at the ap- proaching election, and the names of Zach- ary Taylor and Millard Fillmore became the rallying cry of the Wiiigs. On the 4th of March, 1849, General Taylor was inaug- urated President and Millard Fillmore Vice-President of the United States. The great question ol slavery had as- sumed enormous proportions, and perme- ated every subject that was brought before Congress. It was evident that the strength of our institutions was to be severely tried. July 9, 1850, President Taylor died, and, by the Constitution, Vice-President Fillmore became President of the United States. The agitated condition of the country brought questions of great delicacy before him. He was bound by his oath of office to execute the laws of the United States. One of these laws was understood to be, that if a slave, escaping from bondage, should reach a free State, the United States was bound to do its utmost to capture him and return him to his master. Most Chris- tian men loathed this law. President Fill- more felt bound by his oath rigidly to see it enforced. Slavery was organizing armies to invade Cuba as it had invaded Te.xas, and annex it to the United States. Presi- dent Fillmore gave all the influence of his the atrocious enter- exalted station against prise. Mr. Fillmore had serious difficulties to contend with, since the opposition had a majority in both Houses. He did every- thing in his power to conciliate the South, but the pro-slavery party in that section felt the inadequency of all measures of tran- sient conciliation. The population of the free States was so rapidly increasing over that of the slave States, that it was inevita- ble that the power of the Government should soon pass into the hands of the free States. The famous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmore's admin- istration, and the Japan expedition was sent out. March 4, 1853, having served one term. President Fillmore retired from office. He then took a long tour through the South, where he met with quite an enthusiastic reception. In a speech at Vicksburg, al- luding to the rapid growth of the country, he said: " Canada is knocking for admission, and Mexico would be glad to come in, and without saying whether it would be right or wrong, we stand with open arms to re- ceive them; for it is the manifest destiny of this Government to embrace the whole North American Continent." In 1855 Mr. Fillmore went to Europe where he was received with those marked attentions which his position and character merited. Returning to this country in 1856 he was nominated for the Presidency by the "Know-Nothing" part}'. Mr. Bu- chanan, the Democratic candidate was the successful competitor. Mr. Fillmore ever afterward lived in retirement. Dur- ing the conflict of civil war he was mostly silent. It was generally supposed, how- ever, that hissympath)' was with the South- ern Confederacy. He kept aloof from the conflict without any words of cheer to the one party or the other. For this reason he was forgotten by both. He died of paralysis, in Buffalo, New York, March 8, 1874. **.*..»..*>>,.t,.t..*A>„*.»,.*.Aft.ccc»;:c«i>;>;>;:*;:t:;c*;>;>:>;»;>;>;>;»;;*;:^^^^ :♦:>"♦:;♦: :*>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: >"♦: :♦:>: >::♦; :♦:;* :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :<*:.^: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: W<. >::♦! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: [■»::♦: »:>: :♦>; :♦.:♦: :♦::« >::♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :■»;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: K.v: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::«■: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; .^::« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :«:»: >:;'»: :*:*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦ .♦■:«■. >::♦: :♦::* >::* :♦:;♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;*; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: »::'*': :♦:;♦; :♦:*' ;♦;!♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ?^* *:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; >:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::<»: !»•:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: !♦::♦: :♦;*; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:>:>: :♦;.♦;.♦: 76 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN /TED STATES. yPr'V ■^^^M--^ i^^-* Fpi]I^mi] PIERCE. sfe ?iH RANKLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth Presi- dent of the United States, was born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire, Novem- ber 23, 1804. His father. Governor Benjamin Pierce, was a Rev- olutionary soldier, a man of rigid integrity ; was for sev- eral years in the State Legis- lature, a member of the Gov- ernor's council and a General of the militia. Franklin was the sixth of eight children. As a boy he listened eagerly to the argu- ments of his father, enforced by strong and ready utterance and earnest gesture. It was in the days of intense political excite- ment, when, all over the New England States, Federalists and Democrats were ar- rayed so fiercely against each other. In 1820 he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Maine, and graduated in 1824, and commenced the stud}' of law in the office of Judge Woodbury, a very distin- guished law3'er, and in 1827 was admitted to the bar. He practiced with great success in Hillsborough and Concord. He served in the State Legislature four years, the last two of which he was chosen Speaker of the House by a very large vote. In 1833 he was elected a member of Con- gress. In 1837 he was elected to the United States Senate, just as Mr. Van Buren com- menced his administration. In 1834 he married Miss Jane Means Appleton, a lady admirably fitted to adorn every station with which her husband was honored. Three sons born to them all found an early grave. Upon his accession to office, President Polk appointed Mr. Pierce Attorney-Gen- eral of the United States, but the offer was declined in consequence of numerous pro- fessional engagements at home and the precarious state of Mrs. Pierce's health. About the same time he also declined the nomination for Governor by the Demo- cratic party. The war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce into the arni)'. Receiving the appointment of Brigadier-General, he embarked with a portion of his troops at Newport, Rhode Island, May 27, 1847. He served during this war, and distinguished himself by his braver}', skill and excellent judgment. When he reached his home in his native State he was enthusiastically received by :*::*:»;>"o;>::«:*»::*;»::*;:*:;*;:*;>;:*;:*;:*;;*>:;c*;:*"«'>"c*:,*:;cc*:* :*;:*;:*;>;:*;*:*;»;:«i:*::*::*::*::«:*;:»;»;:*:*::*:!»:;«:>;>:>;>::*::*>:;c»;»^^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .*::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;•►: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: .♦:;♦: W- :♦::«: :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦•:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: »;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: »!>; :♦::♦; >"♦; :♦::♦: :♦;■♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;■* :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:•♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >;;♦; >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >;;♦; ;♦;;♦: >;>: ;♦;;♦; :♦:>; :♦;>; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; ••:>: :♦!»: >:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; , .>!>; ^/9'/^u/Ua ■»;;♦::♦: :♦;:♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:* :♦::«: :•♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦ :«::♦: :♦:♦: >:♦ :♦:>; :♦;;♦: ••;'♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >"♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦" :♦* ;♦:♦: :«;:♦: :♦:■♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•♦::♦: ■♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::•»: :♦::♦: •♦"* :♦::♦: .*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦■ •»:'♦: :♦;♦: •♦:♦' :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: •♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;>; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦• :♦::♦; :♦"♦: >"♦; •«•;♦! •••>: >::♦; •♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦;>; :«•:>: ;♦;;•; :■♦;■♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:■»: :♦;:♦: ■♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»;♦; :«■:♦; :♦::♦; •»:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '*;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: .*::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:♦: :*♦: :♦:♦: :•::♦:»: :♦::♦:* **>•■♦:*">■:♦•:♦:;♦•:♦::♦>■:♦::♦::♦>::♦::♦:;♦:♦::♦:♦.:♦;♦:♦:♦::♦::♦::♦::♦>:♦::♦:■♦:♦;♦:♦:♦;;•';♦:;♦::♦;♦::♦:.♦::♦::♦;:♦:♦ ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦' :♦: ;♦: :♦; :♦: :♦ ;♦■ ;♦. ;♦; :♦: :♦: ;♦: :♦: ;♦: ;♦. :♦ :♦ :♦. .♦. .♦. ;♦ :♦. ,♦: :♦: :♦: ;♦ :♦ .♦: ;♦; .♦: :♦: .♦. ♦. ,♦. .♦; .♦; .♦: .♦; * .♦. .♦: .♦: .♦. .♦: :♦. ,♦; ,♦: ♦ ;♦: ;♦. ;♦: :♦::♦: * ;♦. .♦: .♦: ,♦: .♦: ♦: ♦: ♦. ,♦. .♦: .♦. ,♦; .♦. .♦; :♦: FRANKLIN PIERCE. 79 the advocates of the war, and coldly by its opponents. He resumed the practice of his profession, frequently taking an active part in political questions, and giving his sup- port to the pn)-slavcry wing of the Demo- cratic part)-. June 12, 1S52, the Democratic convention met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidencv. For four days they continued in session, and in thirty-five bal- lotmgs no one had received the recjuisite two-thirds vote. Not a vote had been thrown thus far for General Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more bal- lotingfs, durins: which General Pierce gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received 282 votes, and all other candidates eleven. General Winfield Scott was the Whig candidate. General Pierce was elected with great luianimity. Onl)- four States — Vermont, Massachusetts, Ken- tucky and Tennessee — cast their electoral votes against him. March 4, 1S53, he was inaugurated President of the United States, and William R. King, Vice-President. President Pierce's cabinet consisted of William S. Marcy, James Guthrie, Jefferson Davis, James C. Dobbin, Robert McClel- land, James Campbell and Caleb Cushing. At the demand of slavery the Missouri Compromise was repealed, and all the Ter- ritories of the Union were thrown open to slavery. The Territory of Kansas, west of Missouri, was settled by emigrants mainly from the North. According to law, they were about to meet and decide whether slavery or freedom should be the law of that realm. Slavery in Missouri and other Southern States rallied her armed legions, marched them into Kansas, took possession of the polls, drove away the citizens, deposited their own votes by handfuls, went through the farce of count- ing them, and then declared that, by an overwhelming majoritv, slaverv was estab- lished in Kansas. These facts nobody denied, and yet President Pierce's adminis- tration felt bound to respect the decision obtained by such votes. The citizens of Kansas, the majority of whom were free- State men, met in convention and adopted the following resolve : "Resolved, That the body of men who, for the past two months, have been passing laws for the people of our Territory, moved, counseled and dictated to by the demagogues of other States, arc to us a foreign body, representing only the lawless invaders who elected them, and not the people of this Territorj- ; that we repudiate their action as the monstrous consummation of an act of violence, usurpation and fraud imparalleled in the history of the Union." The free-State people of Kansas also sent a petition to the General Government, im- ploring its protection. In reply the Presi- dent issued a proclamation, declaring that Legislature thus created must be recog- nized as the legitimate Legislature of Kan- sas, and that its laws were binding upon the people, and that, if necessary, the whole force of the Governmental arm would be put forth to inforce those laws. James Buchanan succeeded him in the Presidency, and, March 4, 1857, President Pierce retired to his home in Concord, New Hampshire. When the Rebellion burst forth Mr. Pierce remained steadfast to the principles he had always cherished, and gave his sympathies to the pro-slaverj- party, with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do an3'thing, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hands of the National Government. He resided in Concord until his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most genial and social of men, generous to a fault, and contributed liberally of his moderate means for the alleviation of suf- fering and want. He was an honored communicant of the Episcojjal ehurcli. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦' '♦' :♦' :♦' ;♦' :♦: :♦' .♦: ♦ ♦' :* ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: :♦: :♦: '♦: :♦' '♦: ;♦; :♦: :♦: :♦" ;♦: '♦" :♦: :«• :♦' '♦; '♦' :♦; :♦;'♦: :♦" ;♦: :«> :•; »: '♦' :♦' :♦' :♦' ;♦' :♦: ;♦' '♦: ;♦: :♦: * :♦: .♦ ♦ .♦: ♦■ * ♦: :♦: :♦: ♦: ♦' ♦' ♦ * .♦ .♦: .♦. .♦. .♦: .♦>: :♦: :♦: .♦: :♦. .♦: .♦. ♦. ,♦: .♦ .♦: .♦. ♦, ;♦: .♦: :♦: :♦, :♦. ♦ :♦ :♦ :♦; ;♦. ;♦: :♦: :♦: ;♦: ♦: :♦: .♦: ♦: :♦: ♦>; ♦: .♦: .♦. .♦: .♦: .♦: ♦: * .♦: :♦. .♦: :♦: .♦: ♦, .♦: .♦. ;•: .♦: ♦. ,♦. .♦. ♦; •; ♦: :♦; ♦: ♦: ♦: .♦; .♦ ;♦;;♦::♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: !»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: w.v. ;♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;«"'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; !»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"'<•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: w.v. :♦"♦: .*:♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:*: :♦;■»: :♦:•♦: :♦"<»: :♦:;♦: :♦;■♦: :♦::♦; •»;;•; :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::«: ;♦"♦: •♦■:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;••• :♦:>: !•■:♦; :♦'>; >;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•»: :♦::* :♦::♦: :■«"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: !♦"♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦; :■♦::♦: >':♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ■ >:>:>:>;;*i:*:»;;*;;t>:>;>;;*;:c*:*;>:*>:>;>;i*;*>::*i*;***** So PRES/DENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; v:m :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::*: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦: V.'if. :♦:,♦; :♦:;♦: •»::* :♦:>: :♦::♦: :■»::♦; ;*>::♦: .♦::♦: :♦:*: :«:»: ♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:'♦; >:♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :■♦.;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :«:;♦: :«::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ♦';♦: >-:♦: v - •>; :«•::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :•::♦; ;♦::♦: >:♦: >::♦•: :«!>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ■♦':♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:'♦; >::♦; ♦:;♦: »: ■•^'♦: ;»:.♦; ♦:♦: :<>:♦: *^>; ♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ♦>: A*! ♦'♦: ♦:♦: .♦;■♦; ♦:>; ;♦:,♦: *.♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ♦:♦; :♦::♦; »; :♦::♦::♦: ;♦;;♦;;♦; ' ,^^^'^'§^';^t^'gji'^i';-va^'3MS'i^ ')^t^tS?'t^t^(^(^(^ iigEB?rgg^fekkJ^frk^ro^y^^:^^y^g i J^AB(:ii^:?5 ^iiro^H:i\i>f3^\>^r. fl his father's was called and it was AMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth President of the United States. iS57-'6i, was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1791. The place where cabin stood Stony Batter, situated in a wild, romantic spot, in a gorge of mount- ains, with towering sum- mits rising all around. He was of Irish ancestry, his father having emigrated in- 1783, with ver}- little prop- erty, save his own strong arms. James remained in his secluded home for eight years enjoying very few social or intellectual advantages. His parents were industrious, frugal, prosperous and intelli- gent. In 1799 his father removed to Mer- cersburg, where James was placed in school and commenced a course in English, Greek and Latin. His progress was rapid and in 1801 he entered Dickinson College at Carlisle. Here he took his stand among the first scholars in the institution, and was able to master the most abstruse subjects with facility. In 1809 he graduated with the highest honors in his class. He was then eighteen years of age, tall, graceful and in vigorous health, fond of athletic sports, an unerring shot and en- livened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in the city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He rose ver)- rapidly in his profession and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest law- yers of the State. When but twenty-six years of age, unaided by counsel, he suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate one of the Judges of the State, who was tried upon articles of impeachment. At the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar, and there was no lawj-er in the State who had a more extensive or lucrative practice. In 18 12, just after Mr. Buchanan had entered upon the practice of the law, our second war with England occurred. With all his powers he sustained the Govern- ment, eloquently urging the rigorous pros- ecution of the war; and even enlisting as a private soldier to assist in repelling the British, who had sacked Washington and were threatening Baltimore. He was at that time a Federalist, but when tiie Con- stitution was adopted by both parties, Jefferson truly said, " We are all Federal- ists; we are all Republicans." The opposition of the Federalists to the war with England, and the alien and sedi- >:;ccc4'::«:>:;c«::ccccC'»::ccccccc«::c>>"ccc«'::'»>::c«:;^^ .♦..« :♦::♦ :♦::« :♦:» :♦::♦ :♦:;« :♦::'«! :«;4i w:». :♦::« :♦::« :♦::«! :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦:;« :♦::«! :♦::« :♦:;« V.'». :♦::« :♦;;* :♦::« ;«::« ;♦::« ;♦:<« :♦::« :♦::« :♦:'« :♦:;« '♦::♦ v.w. :♦::«: :♦;:« :♦::« ;♦::•* :♦::« :♦::'« ;♦::« %:«: :♦;;«: :♦::« ;♦;:«■ :♦::■* :♦::« ;♦::«: :♦"'« :♦::« ;♦::'«; :♦:.* :♦::« :♦"'« !»::«■ :♦::«• ;♦:;«• 'an'. :♦::« :♦::♦! :♦::«> 'it.V. 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Mr. Buchanan ahnost immediately upon entering Congress began to incline more and more to the Repub- licans. In the stormy Presidential election of 1824, in which Jackson, Clay, Crawford and John Quincy Adams were candidates, Mr. Buchanan espoused the cause of Gen- eral Jackson and unrelentingly opposed the administration of Mr. Adams. Upon his elevation to the Presidency, General Jackson appointed Mr. Buchanan, minister to Russia. Upon his return in 1 833 he was elected to a seat in the United States Senate. He there met as his associates, Webster, Cla)', Wright and Calhoun. He advocated the measures proposed by Presi- dent Jackson of making reprisals against France, and defended the course of the Pres- ident in his unprecedented and wholesale removals from office of those who were not the supporters of his administration. Upon this question he was brought into direct col- lision with Henry Clay. In the discussion of the question respecting the admission of Michigan and Arkansas into the Union, Mr. Buchanan defined his position by saying: " The older I grow, the more I am in- clined to be what is called a State-rights man." M. de Tocqueville, in his renowned work upon " Democracy in America," foresaw the trouble which was inevitable from the doctrine of State sovereignt}^ as held by Calhoun and Buchanan. He was con- vinced that the National Government was losing that strength which was essential to its own existence, and that the States were assuming powers which threatened the perpetuity of the Union. Mr. Buchanan received the book in the Senate and de- clared the fears of De Tocqueville to be groundless, and yet he lived to sit in the Presidential chair and see State after State, in accordance with his own views of State rights, breaking from the Union, thus crumbling our Republic into ruins; while the unhappy old man folded his arms in despair, declaring that the National Consti- tution invested him with no power to arrest the destruction. Upon Mr. Polk's accession to the Presi- dency, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, and as such took his share of the responsibility in the conduct of the Mexi- can war. At the close of Mr. Polk's ad- ministration, Mr. Buchanan retired to pri- vate life; but his intelligence, and his great ability as a statesman, enabled him to exert a powerful influence in National affairs. Mr. Pierce, upon his election to the Presidency, honored Mr. Buchanan with the mission to England. In the year 1856 the National Democratic convention nomi- nated Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency. The political conflict was one of the most severe in which our country has ever en- gaged. On the 4th of March, 1857, Mr. Buchanan was inaugurated President. His cabinet were Lewis Cass, Howell Cobb, J. B. Floyd, Isaac Toucey, Jacob Thomp- son, A. V. Brown and J. S. Black. The disruption of the Democratic party, in consequence of the manner in which the issue of the nationality of slavery was pressed by the Southern wing, occurred at the National convention, held at Charleston in April, i860, for the nomination of Mr. Buchanan's successor, when the majority of Southern delegates withdrew upon the passage of a resolution declaring that the constitutional status of slavery should be determined b)' the Supreme Court. In the next Presidential canvass Abra- ham Lincoln was nominated by the oppo- nents of Mr. Buchanan's administration. Mr. Buchanan remained in Washington long enough to see his successor installed and then retired to his home in Wheatland. He died June i, 1868, aged seventy-seven years. >:>::*;>:>:>:>::cc*;>;>:>:>:;«;:c»;>:>:>;:f:*;;*:>:>;:*;>:>;>;>;;c»;>;*>::*;^ :♦;:♦: >::♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦:>; :♦:>: >:>: v:m :♦::♦: :♦::•': >"♦: :♦:>: >::♦; >:;♦: :♦;:♦: >^>: »;:♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; >:♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦;;* :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; »: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :<»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::<( :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:* »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;■»: :♦;:♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•»: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦:*: :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;«::«-: :♦:»: :♦::♦: >::♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: *'♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::«: :♦::♦: ;«::♦: :♦:.>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; W.'M :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•»: :*:♦: :♦;:♦: >"♦: W.'H'. :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::•»: •♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >:» ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:■♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"■»• :♦"♦: :«"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;<»: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦;»: :«::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: I*:*: ;♦;•♦; :♦::♦: >;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; *:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; >::♦: :•»::♦' :♦::♦: >'*: >:>; :*■!:♦: :'»v*:<»:*::*:*::*::*:>::*:>:»;:*:»'*:!»;'*::«!*"«!:*:»::c*:*"*»::*"* ♦.♦:;♦:.♦::♦;;♦:*;♦;:♦:♦::♦:♦.♦.' » ♦■♦'♦:>'*'>'♦;■♦':♦'■♦:>"*■♦:>:♦■♦■ ♦:*>;»:*:c»>::*\»;*;>:i»;>:>:if *:♦;;♦:>:;♦::♦::♦;>;♦**♦ 84 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ~~~ — mmmmsms^mmBssB^m^a. «^ -1^(6, Si * • -^^o ® a) ■ ' ■ * T^ * -T- «s» -1^ "^"'STa^ia ^.i^ BRAHAM LIN- COLN, the sixteenth President of the United States, i86i-'5, was born February 12, 1809, in Larue (then Hardin) County, Kentuci;* :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :«.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »: ':»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »; >::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦.:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :«■:♦; :♦:>: :*;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :*;:♦) :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.*: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::■»•; :«::«: :'•::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦.;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;>; :♦::♦; W.'lf. :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::*' :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦ :♦;♦) :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :■»::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ♦> ♦: ♦ :♦' ♦' '♦: ♦' * >■ ♦♦♦♦♦•♦ :» ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦: ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦■ ♦: » ♦: ♦::♦ :♦ :♦' :♦: >: ;♦ :♦ :♦; :♦■,♦ :♦ .♦; :♦. ;♦ ;♦ :♦ :♦ .♦ ,♦ > :♦. :♦ :♦ :♦: :♦: .♦' ;♦ .♦ :♦ .♦ ;♦ ♦ * * * ♦• *■ ♦■ ♦' ♦: ♦' ♦ ♦ ♦ >, ♦ ..*??-> lifl^-^ cii.,X:>: ;♦'>: >.>: :♦;:♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;>: >:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦. :♦!:♦: >.;♦; > ♦. .♦.♦! :♦;>: '*:♦: >.:♦; ;♦:.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >> :♦;:♦: >:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦■.♦: >■♦■ :♦::♦; >♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦;>; :♦::♦: ;♦:♦' ;♦;■»: :♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦" :♦;:♦. >:>■ :♦::♦: *'♦ :*:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:.«■: :♦::♦; '♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦ :♦.:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:* :♦:;♦: ;♦.;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ■•:;♦. :♦:;♦: ;♦:>; :♦::♦: >;•♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*:♦: ■♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦; :♦.'♦; ;♦':♦: :♦;:♦: *♦: >.♦: .♦■;■»: **»>:*»>>"**:*":*;cc*:»:>>::**::*:*:*:*:«;*>:'*:«:«*"*:*:*" *::*::*:»::*:*>;:«:*;>::*:c*:»;:*;««;*::c*:»::*;:*:j»;*::*:»>:»>:*^^^ ABRAHAM LIXCOLX. 87 I continued till I was twenty-two. At twenty-one I came to Illinois and passed the first year in Macon County. Then I got to New Salem, at that time in Sangamon, now in Menard County, where I remained a year as a sort of clerk in a store. " Then came the Black Hawk war, and I was elected a Captain of volunteers — a suc- cess which gave me more pleasure than any I have had since. I went the campaign, was elated ; ran for the Legislature the same year (1832) and was beaten, the only time I have ever been beaten by the people. The next and three succeeding biennial elections I was elected to the Legislature, and was never a candidate afterward. " During this legislative period I had studied law, and removed to Springfield to practice it. In 1846 I was elected to the Lower House of Congress ; was not a can- didate for re-election. From 1849 to 1854, inclusive, I practiced the law more assid- uously than ever before. Always a Whig in politics, and generall}' on the Whig elec- toral tickets, making active canvasses, I was losing interest in politics, when the repeal of the Missouri Compromise roused me again. What I have done since is prettj- well known." The early residence of Lincoln in Indi- ana was sixteen miles north of the Ohio River, on Little Pigeon Creek, one and a half miles east of Gentryville, within the present township of Carter. Here his mother died October 5, 1818, and the next year his father married Mrs. Sally (Bush) Johnston, of Elizabethtown, Kentucky. She was an affectionate foster-parent, to whom Abraham was indebted for his first encour- agement to study. He became an eager reader, and the few books owned in the vicinity were many times perused. He worked frequently for the neighbors as a farm laborer ; was for some time clerk in a store at Gentryville ; and became famous powers, his fondness for argument, his in- exhaustible fund of humerous anecdote, as well as for mock oratory and the composi- tion of rude satirical verses. In 1828 he made a trading voyage to New Orleans as "bow-hand" on a flatboat; removed to Illinois in 1830; helped his father build a log house and clear a farm on the north fork of Sangamon River, ten miles west of Decatur, and was for some time employed in splitting rails for the fences — a fact which was prominently brought forward for a political purpose thirty years later. In the spring of 1851 he, with two of his relatives, was hired to build a flatboat on the Sangamon River and navigate it to New Orleans. The boat " stuck " on a mill-dam, and was got off with great labor through throusrhout that for his athletic an ingenious mechanical device which some years later led to Lincoln's taking out a patent for "an improved method for lifting vessels over shoals." This voyage was memorable for another reason — the sight of slaves chained, mal- treated and flogged at New Orleans was the origin of his deep convictions upon the slavery question. Returning from this voj'age he became a resident for several years at New Salem, a recentl}' settled village on the Sangamon, where he was successively a clerk, grocer, surveyor and postmaster, and acted as pilot to the first steamboat that ascended the Sangamon. Here he studied law, inter- ested himself in local politics after his return from the Black Hawk war, and became known as an effective "stump- speaker." The subject of his first political speech was the improvement of the channel of the Sangamon, and the chief ground on which he announced liimscl[(i832) a candi- date for the Legislature was his advocacy of this popular measure, on which subject his practical experience made him the high- est authority. Elected to the Legislature in 1834 as a ■• i *:>:>:»:>;:c*>::cccc*::c»>:>"c«>;>;»::c»;»;:ccc*::*::*:*"*;:c*:>:>;* >>. >> :♦>; :♦;>: :♦>: »! >>! ♦ '♦: ;♦.:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦;♦: >:>: >:>: , ;»;>: ;♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦>: :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦: >::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦"♦; ;♦::♦; *:♦: ;♦:;♦: .♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; ;♦::♦: m. ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: *:* :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'>: >::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:* ;♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; ;♦;:♦: :«:>: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: ;«::♦: :♦;>::♦::♦: :•»::♦: :*;♦: :♦>; ;♦:♦: :♦::♦; *i^ *H :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦>; '^■^ ;♦;♦. ;♦::•« ^H •»::«3 :♦::« :♦;:« :♦::■« >::^ ;♦::♦: :♦::« :*:^ >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:« :♦;;« >::« :♦:;«! :*;:^ :♦::* ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »;:♦: »:;« »::« :«;•« »:'* (»;:«•; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; W.'M ;♦::♦: :♦;.* :♦::« ;♦;:■« :♦::« :♦:♦: :♦:« :♦!:« ;♦::« :»::«3 :♦::••! :♦:;« ;♦;:« :♦:*" :«>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦; ;♦<■* :♦.;♦; :♦;;« :*;« >::♦: :♦;« :♦;:« :♦:>: :♦;•* :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::•« :♦::« :♦.;« :♦;:« :♦::* :♦::« :♦:;« >::♦: II :♦::« ;♦::« ;«:>! ;«::♦: :«::♦: :*;■>; ;♦•::♦::♦::*/♦"♦"♦!:«*::♦::c♦"c*":♦"*:<>"c♦>::♦;»>^«**»"♦'^<:^^ >::»:>:;*:>>:>:jt*>:;*;c»;3»>ie;**>;*>;;;>>:Kc*;3K*s^^^^^ 88 I'/iESlDEXTS OF THE UNITED STATES. " Henry Clay Whig," he rapidly acquired that command of language and that homely but forcible rhetoric which, added to his intimate knowledge of the people from which he sprang, made him more than a match in debate for his few well-educated opponents. Admitted to the bar in 1837 he soon established himself at Springfield, where the State capital was located in 1839, largely through his influence; became a successful pleader in the State, Circuit and District Courts ; married in 1842 a lady be- longing to a prominent family in Lexington, Kentucky; took an active part in the Pres- idential campaigns of 1840 and 1844 as candidate for elector on the Harrison and Clay tickets, and in 1846 was elected to the United States House of Representatives over the celebrated Peter Cartwright. During his single term in Congress he did not attain an}- prominence. He voted for the reception of anti-slavery petitions for the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia and for the Wilmot proviso; but was chiefly remem- bered for the stand he took against the Mexican war. For several years there- after he took comparatively little interest in politics, but gained a leading position at the Springfield bar. Two or three non- political lectures and an eulogy on Henry Clay (1852) added nothing to his reputation. In 1854 the repeal of the Missouri Compromise by the Kansas-Nebraska act aroused Lincoln from his indifference, and in attacking that measure he had the im- mense advantage of knowing perfectly well the motives and the record of its author, Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, then popu- larly designated as the " Little Giant." The latter came to Springfield in October, 1854, on the occasion of the State Fair, to vindi- cate his policy in the Senate, and the " Anti- Nebraska" Whigs, remembering that Lin- coln had often measured his strength with Douglas in the Illinois Legislature and be- fore the Springfield Courts, engaged him to improvise a reply. This speech, in the opinion of those who heard it, was one of the greatest efforts of Lincoln's life ; cer- tainly the most effective in his whole career. It took the audience by storm, and from that moment it was felt that Douglas had met his match. Lincoln was accordingly selected as the Anti-Nebraska candidate for the United States Senate in place of General Shields, whose term expired March 4, 1855, and led to several ballots ; but Trumbull was ultimately chosen. The second conflict on the soil of Kan- sas, which Lincoln had predicted, soon be- gan. The result was the disruption of the Whig and the formation of the Republican party. At the Bloomington State Conven- tion in 1856, where the new party first assumed form in Illinois, Lincoln made an impressive address, in which for the first time he took distinctive slavery in itself. At the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia, June 17, after the nomi- nation of Fremont, Lincoln was put for- ward by the Illinois delegation for the Vice-Presidency, and received on the first ballot no votes against 259 for William L. Dayton. He took a prominent part in the canvass, being on the electoral ticket. In 1858 Lincoln was unanimously nomi- nated by the Republican State Convention as its candidate for the United States Senate in place of Douglas, and in his speech of acceptance used the celebrated illustration of a "house divided against itself" on the slaver}^ question, which was, perhaps, the cause of his defeat. The great debate car- ried on at all the principal towns of Illinois between Lincoln and Douglas as rival Sena- torial candidates resulted at the time in the election of the latter ; but being widely cir- culated as a campaign document, it fixed the attention of the country upon the >;.♦;;♦::♦: >;♦: :♦::♦: :«•:♦; >:v :«•>; ;♦:>; >:>; :♦:>; :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; .'♦::♦; >:>; ;♦;:♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦; :•»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :<>:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:<>; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >;:♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: ground :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: r** :♦::♦; :♦;;* :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦"»: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: >■■*" :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: "*;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:« >;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;»: :♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»:;«': :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '♦:>; :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ':*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »:»: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;»:•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: Ff' :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:!»: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: Wi. :♦::♦: :♦:•»; ;♦;:♦: •»;.♦; >::♦: »::♦: :♦:♦: .♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ^"♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: ;♦:.♦: :♦::♦; !♦:>; !♦:;♦; * ♦: >; «.♦: •>:>: •>::♦;:♦: >.;♦:»: ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 89 former, as the clearest and most convinc- ing exponent of Republican doctrine. Early in 1859 he began to be named in Illinois as a suitable Republican candidate for the Presidential campaign of the ensu- ing year, and a political address delivered at the Cooper Institute, New York, Febru- ary 27, i860, followed b)' similar speeches at New Haven, Hartford and elsewhere in New England, first made him known to the Eastern States in the light by which he had long been regarded at home. B3' the Re- publican State Convention, which met at Decatur, Illinois, May 9 and 10, Lincoln was unanimously endorsed for the Presi- dency. It was on this occasion that two rails, said to have been split by his hands thirty years before, were brought into the convention, and the incident contributed much to his popularity. The National Republican Convention at Chicago, after spirited efforts made in favor of Seward, Chase and Bates, nominated Lincoln for the Presidency, with Hannibal Hamlin for Vice-President, at the same time adopt- ing a vigorous anti-slavery platform. The Democratic party having been dis- organized and presenting two candidates, Douglas and Breckenridge, and the rem- nant of the " American" party having put forward John Bell, of Tennessee, the Re- publican victory was an easy one, Lincoln being elected November 6 hy a large plu- rality, comprehending nearly all the North- ern States, but none of the Southern. The secession of South Carolina and the Gulf States was the immediate result, followed a few months later by that of the border slave States and the outbreak of the great civil war. The life of Abraham Lincoln became thenceforth merged in the history of his country. None of the details of the vast conflict which filled the remainder of Lin- coln's life can here be given. Narrowly escaping assassination by avoiding Balti- more on his way to the capital, he reached Washington February 23, and was inaugu- rated President of the United States March 4, 1861. In his inaugural address he said: " I hold, that in contemplation of universal law and the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied if not ex- pressed in the fundamental laws of all na- tional governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a pro- vision in its organic law for its own termi- nation. I therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability I shall take care, as the Constitution en- joins upon me, that the laws of the United States be extended in all the States. In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- lence, and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national authority. The power conferred to me will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the Government, and to col- lect the duties and imports, but be\'ond what may be necessary for these objects there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere. In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-country- men, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being your- selves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Gov- ernment, while I shall have the most sol- emn one to preserve, protect and defend it." He called to his cabinet his principal rivals for the Presidential nomination — Seward, Chase, Cameron and Bates; se- cured the co-operation of the Union Demo- crats, headed by Douglas ; called out 75.000 militia from the several States upon the first tidings of the bombardment of Fort Sumter, April 15; proclaimed a blockade of the Southern posts April 19; called an extra :c*..*:;cc»;>;»>:»;;*;:*;:c«>>;>>>;:o:*$>;:c*;^^^^ ;■»;.♦; :♦:>: :«::♦: :♦::«: :♦::'»: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>; ;♦::♦■ :♦::♦; ;♦;:«: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦.:♦: :♦;•♦: *»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: 'm. :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦; *:♦: :♦::♦: :•»:«• ;♦:;♦: *:>: ;♦■;:♦•: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: .*.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦;.♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦:•»; ;♦;:♦; :♦:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦"♦; .♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:♦: :♦;;♦: ■»::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:*: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;•♦::♦; :♦::♦: >;:«• :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: *:♦: [♦:*; :*>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: ;♦:>; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: !♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; S^ !♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: >;;♦; •»■;.♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦"♦: *♦: :♦;:♦: >!.♦; »; 90 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ■^ > ■♦'♦. :♦;;♦; :♦"*: '♦>; >;■♦' >:'* :♦.♦: >;♦ >>; >.♦. >>: ;♦•»: >:>: ;«•■*. *:*. ♦ >! .*!♦ ♦ .•> >.>! ;** >:* ;♦::♦: :*■>: :«"♦: :♦:♦: :«::♦' :♦;:•>: :<':>: ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: *'♦ >;♦ '♦;♦ :♦;♦: ;*> :♦::♦: >>: :♦:;♦: *>: :♦:;«• ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ,♦:>: :♦:♦' :♦::♦: ;•:;♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :*>: :♦;>; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: ;♦:* :♦,;♦ ;♦::♦. :4-,:*: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>; ;♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :■>♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: '♦::♦: ;■».;♦; :♦;:♦: session of Congress for July 4, from which he asked and obtained 400,000 men and $400,000,000 for the war; placed McClellan at the head of the Federal arm)^ on General Scott's resignation, October 31; appointed Edwin M. Stanton Secretary of War, Jan- uary 14, 1862, and September 22, 1862, issued a proclamation declaring the free- dom of all slaves in the States and parts of States then in rebellion from and after January i, 1863. This was the crowning act of Lincoln's career — the act by which he will be chiefiy known through all future time — and it decided the war. October 16, 1863, President Lincoln called for 300,000 volunteers to replace those whose term of enlistment had expired ; made a celebrated and touching, though brief, address at the dedication of the Gettysburg military cemetery, November 19, 1863; commissioned Ulysses S. Grant Lieutenant-General and Commander-in- Chief of the armies of the United States, March g, 1864; was re-elected President in November of the same year, by a large majority over General McClellan, with Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, as Vice- President; delivered a very remarkable ad- dress at his second inauguration, March 4, 1865; visited the army before Richmond the same month; entered the capital of the Con- federacy the day after its fall, and upon the surrender of General Robert E. Lee's army, April 9, was actively engaged in devising generous plans for the reconstruction of the Union, when, on the evening of Good Fri- day, April 14, he was shot in his box at Ford's Theatre, Washington, byjohn Wilkes Booth, a fanatical actor, and expired early on the following morning, April 15. Al- most simultaneously a murderous attack was made upon William H. Seward, Secre- tary of State. At noon on the 15th of April Andrew Johnson assumed the Presidency, and active measures were taken which resulted in the death of Booth and the execution of his principal accomplices. The funeral of President Lincoln was conducted with unexampled solemnity and magnificence. Impressive services were held in Washington, after which the sad procession proceeded over the same route he had traveled four years before, from Springfield to Washington. In Philadel- phia his body lay in state in Independence Hall, in which he had declared before his first inauguration " that I would sooner be assassinated than to give up the principles of the Declaration of Independence." He was buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery, near Springfield, Illinois, on May 4, where a monument emblematic of the emancipation of the slaves and the restoration of the Union mark his resting place. The leaders and citizens of the expiring Confederacy expressed genuine indignation at the murder of a generous political adver- sary. Foreign nations took part in mourn- ing the death of a statesman who had proved himself a true representative of American nationaHty. The freedmen of the South almost worshiped the memory of their de- liverer ; and the general sentiment of the great Nation he had saved awarded him a place in its affections, second only to that held by Washington. The characteristics of Abraham Lincoln have been familiarly known throughout the civiHzed world. His tall, gaunt, ungainly figure, homely countenance, and his shrewd mother-wit, shown in his celebrated con- versations overflowing in humorous and pointed anecdote, combined with an accu- rate, intuitive appreciation of the questions of the time, are recognized as forming the best type of a period of American history now rapidly passing away. :♦::♦:>;:♦: :♦"♦:»>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦* :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >.:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; »:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:>: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:»: >::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;•»•: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;•♦; :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦..♦>:;♦; V ^/r: :♦"♦; »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: >;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•»: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:■••: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;•♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■»;:♦: :♦;:♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;■»; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •♦;■•; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: w.'.*: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦;;♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦; >;>: :♦;:♦: ••:;♦: >>' ■<> > ♦ ».«•:,♦: ANDREW yoiiNso.y. 9? £!^^n!S£: ;HHFrF^HaH.F;j.HWr^KFn='rdHHH'r'H'HFr'i^r'i-'.£ilJcdxiH5HH m-p '3^- te V ■ NDREW JOHNSON, the seventeenth Presi- dent of the United States, 1865-9, was born at R a 1 e i g li , North Carolina, De- c em b e r 29, 1808. His father died when he was four years old, and in his eleventh 3^ear he was ap- prenticed to a tailor. He nev- er attended school, and did not learn to read until late in his apprenticeship, when he suddenlv acquired a passion for obtaining knowledge, and devoted all his spare time to reading. After working two years as a journey- man tailor at Lauren's Court-House, South Carolina, he removed, in 1826, to Green- ville, Tennessee, where he worked at his trade and married. Under his wife's in- structions he made rapid progress in his education, and manifested such an intelli- gent interest in local politics as to be elected as " workingmen's candidate " al- derman, in 1828, and mayor in 1830, being twice re-elected to each office. During this period he cultivated his tal- ents as a public speaker by taking [)art in a debating society, consisting largely of stu- dents of Greenville College. In 1835, and again in 1839, '^^ ^^'"^s chosen to the lower house of the Legislature, as a Democrat. In 1 84 1 he was elected State Senator, and in 1843, Representative in Congress, being re-elected four successive periods, until 1853, when he was chosen Governor of Tennessee. In Congress he supported the administrations of Tjder and Polk in their chief measures, especially the annexation of Texas, the adjustment of the Oregon boundary, the Mexican war, and the tariff of 1846. In 1855 Mr. Johnson was reelected Gov- ernor, and in 1857 entered the United States Senate, where he was conspicuous as an advocate of retrenchment and of the Homestead bill, and as an opponent of the Pacific Railroad. He was supported by the Tennessee delegation to the Democratic convention in i860 for the Presidential nomination, and lent his influence to the Brcckenridgc wing of that party. Wlien the election of Lincoln had brouglit about the first attempt at secession in December, i860, Johnson took in the Senate a firm attitude for the Union, and in May, 1861, on returning to Tennessee, he was in imminent peril of suffering from ,> ■ .'♦. ♦ >>; ;♦;:< >:>; ;♦::♦; m •»:>: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :«:;♦: *;♦: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: *;♦: :♦"♦; :•::♦: *>i >;;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦"♦: *;♦: >:;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦; >:>; :♦;>; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: .>;>! ;♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: *i* :♦::♦: ♦:;♦; :♦:♦. .♦.♦; :♦.* ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦> ♦ >. ♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: •*♦: >::♦: ♦;.♦; :♦'"•: :♦..*! -♦>; ■*•>; > ♦ <•: :♦::♦; :♦;>; >:♦: :♦;:c♦;:c♦:;cccc♦::♦^*::♦;;♦^>>"♦;:♦>>::♦::♦::♦>;;♦;;♦;:♦:;♦:>;i«>;:♦:;♦::♦;^ -..♦>:3Kj«»r*:cc*>:j-.^..-..-.>-.-->:s;c>>:>;:c*>;s:*>;;**;:«»;.*»;:«^^^ :♦;;♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;* :♦::« :♦:■••; >:>: »; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:*' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; *::♦; :♦;»; :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :'^>: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >:>: :«.^: :♦;:■•! :♦:>: >::♦: :♦:% :♦::♦: :«:•»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::•« :♦:»: :♦::« :♦::♦: :•«:♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::« :♦:;»: :<••»: »!:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :*'* :«:♦: :♦:*■ »: :♦:;♦: !«•:•»! ;♦::♦: :♦::« »: :«:♦: »:;« ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :*:♦; :♦>: »;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;« :♦:;« »>: »:% »::♦: '♦'•♦: 9+ PNES/DENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. popular violence for his loyalty to the " old flag." He was the leader of the Loyalists' convention of East Tennessee, and during the following winter was very active in or- Sfanizins: relief for the destitute loval refu- gees from that region, his own family being among those compelled to leave. By his course in this crisis Johnson came prominently before the Northern public, and when in March, 1862, he was appointed by President Lincoln military Governor of Tennessee, with the rank of Brigadier-Gen- eral, he increased in popularity b)- the vig- orous and successful manner in which he labored to restore order, protect Union men and punish marauders. On the ap- proach of the Presidential campaign of 1864, the termination of the war being plainly foreseen, and several Southern States being partially reconstructed, it was felt that the Vice-Presidenc}' should be given to a South- ern man of conspicuous loyalty, and Gov- ernor Johnson was elected on the same platform and ticket as President Lincoln; and on the assassination of the latter suc- ceeded to the Presidency, April 15, 1865. In a public speech two days later he said: "The American people must be taught, if the}' do not alread}' feel, that treason is a crime and must be punished; that the Gov- ernment will not always bear with its ene- mies; that it is strong, not only to protect, but to punish. In our peaceful history treason has been almost unknown. The people must understand that it is tlie black- est of crimes, and will be punished." He then added the ominous sentence: " In re- gard to my future course, I make no prom- ises, no pledges." President Johnson re- tained the cabinet of Lincoln, and exhibited considerable severity toward traitoi-s in his earlier acts and speeches, but he soon inaug- urated a policy of reconstruction, proclaim- ing a general amnesty to the late Confeder- ates, and successively establishing provis- ional Governments in the Southern States. These States accordingly claimed represen- tation in Congress in the following Decem- ber, and the momentous question of what should be the policy of the victorious Union toward its late armed opponents was forced upon that body. Two considerations impelled the Repub- lican majority to reject the policy of Presi. dent Johnson: First, an apprehension that the chief magistrate intended to undo the re- sults of the war in regard to slavery; and, sec- ond, the sullen attitude of the South, which seemed to be plotting to regain the policy which arms had lost. The credentials of the Southern members elect were laid on the table, a civil rights bill and a bill extending the sphere of the Freedmen's Bureau were passed over the executive veto, and the two highest branches of the Government were soon in open antagonism. The action of Congress was characterized by the Presi- dent as a " new rebellion." In July the cabinet was reconstructed, Messrs. Randall, Stanbury and Browning taking the places of Messrs. Denison, Speed and Harlan, and an unsuccessful attempt was made by means of a general convention in Philadel- phia to form a new party on the basis of the administration policy. In an excursion to Chicago for the pur- pose of laying a corner-stone of the monu- ment to Stephen A. Douglas, President Johnson, accompanied by several members of the cabinet, passed through Philadelphia, New York and Albany, in each of which cities, and in other places along the route, lie made speeches Justifying and explaining his own polic}', and violently denouncing the action of Congress. August 12, 1867, President Johnson re- moved the Secretary of War, replacing him by General Grant. Secretary Stanton retired under protest, based upon the ten- ure-of-office act which had been passed the preceding March. The President then is- sued a proclamation declaring the insurrec- ■ ♦ «> '♦ v <►♦"♦"♦♦♦♦♦♦" '4 ♦" ♦ ♦ '♦ ♦" '♦' ♦; :♦"'♦■ * '♦' ♦' ♦' ♦ '» '**«'*' ♦' ♦' *■ '♦' ♦' ♦' <> it ♦' ♦' >■ ♦. ♦' > \ ¥. ♦! > ;♦ >; '♦! >■ >- >. .♦"♦. .♦; ;♦. .v. .♦! .♦, >. »::♦: >;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :«:>: >:>: >::♦; >::♦: >:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::«> :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: W. :♦:♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦; >:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :«»: :«!»; ;♦*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;»: :♦:»: :♦::♦: ;«»: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦!♦: :♦:,« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :«:♦: :♦;:♦: W- :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: 5»:»: :♦::♦: »::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; ;«>::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: »;5»; »:»: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: »:;♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: >::♦: *::♦: >:>::♦:.*: .»:.*.♦:.* ■ ♦ ♦ .♦, ▼ .». ♦ .^. -»■■ 4- V, y .V, -. . > ». >.♦) >::♦! :♦:♦; :♦::♦■ :♦>' :♦>; >■>: >:;♦•: :♦::♦; >:;♦; >::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :*>; :♦:;♦; :♦:>; >:>; ;♦:;♦; >;:♦; :♦:♦: :♦;;♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: >::♦: :*.;♦: :♦:;♦: ;*>: >::♦: >:>; ;♦;;♦; :♦:♦; :♦;♦: :♦;:♦: >:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::«■: :♦::♦; >;:♦; >::♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦: ■♦;»^ >::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«:«•: >:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦.;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦.:♦: :♦!;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:■♦; :♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦:'>: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: '!»::♦: :♦;»: :♦::«: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: W.'stl. :♦::♦: :♦:••■ :♦::« :«::*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :<•:♦; ANDREW JOHNSON. tion at an end, and that " peace, order, tran- quility and civil authorit}' existed in and throughout the United States." Another proclamation enjoined obedience to the Constitution and the laws, and an amnesty was published September 7, relieving nearly all the participants in the late Rebellion from the disabilities thereb}' incurred, on condition of taking the oath to support the Constitution and the laws. In December Congress refused to confirm the removal of Secretary Stanton, who thereupon resumed the exercise of his of- fice; but February 21, 1868, President Johnson again attempted to remove him, appointing General Lorenzo Thomas in his place. Stanton refused to vacate his post, and was sustained b}' the Senate. February 24 the House of Representa- tives voted to impeach the President for " high crime and misdemeanors," and March 5 presented eleven articles of impeachment on the ground of his resistance to the exe- cution of the acts of Congress, alleging, in addition to the offense lately committed, his public expressions of contempt for Con- gress, in " certain intemperate, inflamma- tory and scandalous harangues" pronounced in August and September, 1866, and there- after declaring that the Thirty-ninth Con- gress of the United States was not a competent legislative body, and denying its power to propose Constitutional amend- ments. March 23 the impeachment trial began, the President appearing b}' counsel, and resulted in acquittal, the vote lacking one of the two-thirds vote required for conviction. The remainder of President Johnson's term of office was passed without any such conflicts as might have been anticipated. He failed to obtain a nomination for re- election by the Democratic party, though receiving sixty-five votes on the first ballot. July 4 and December 25 new proclamations of pardon to the participants in the late Rebellion were issued, but Avere of little effect. On the accession of General Grant to the Presidency, March 4, 1869, Johnson returned to Greenville, Tennessee. Unsuc- cessful in 1870 and 1872 as a candidate re- spectively for United States Senator and Representative, he was finally elected to the Senate in 1 875, and took his seat in the extra session of March, in which his speeches were comparatively temperate. He died July 31, 1875, and was buried at Green- ville. President Johnson's administration was a peculiarly unfortunate one. That he should so soon become involved in bitter feud with the Republican mpjoritv in Congress was certainly a surprising and deplorable inci- dent; yet, in reviewing the circumstances after a lapse of so many years, it is easj' to find ample room for a charitable judgment of both the parties in the heated contro- versy, since it cannot be doubted that any President, even Lincoln himself, had he lived, must have sacrificed a large portion of his popularity in carrying out any pos- sible scheme of reconstruction. ;■»;;♦;: *:>;:*;:«;»;:c«««>>>:>:>>:>>>>x*;>x««C'M';'>^^^ ;«' ♦ ;♦;♦. ;♦:>: >:;♦: ^. :♦;>! :♦::♦: »;:♦: >::♦: !»:.♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;♦: >;>: ;*>; !*>. >.;* :«:;♦; :♦:>: :♦■»: !»:;♦; :♦:>: '*;:♦; >:>; >::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; >:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:♦; >:>: ;♦>: >:♦: :♦:>: '*:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'*: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦!'* ;♦:>: ;♦.:<>. :♦;■*; :■♦■;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: v:f>. »:;♦: *::♦: :♦>: :♦.;■»: ;♦:.♦: :♦■;♦: >!>: :«:« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »: :♦:»; [*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ».♦. *::♦: »:* :♦:;■»•; :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: »;♦: :♦:♦; »::♦: :*:♦; »::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;;♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:'♦: :♦:♦: :♦::* :♦♦; ;♦.».;♦: AikJK :♦:;♦:• ' 'J«5 ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;«: :♦;;♦: :♦::*: :♦:••: ^* »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :■»::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::'»: :♦::«: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"«: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«: ■*::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: •»;;♦: >::♦: •»"♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: »::♦: •»;:♦: :♦::♦: *j^ :•»:♦: ;♦;»: Si^ *;♦; :♦::♦; I? :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:>: <»::«: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦; :♦:;'•': :♦::♦:, . 96 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. -rt -r^' ^-r rf ra ■■ ■t ri w % -rt ******l^ A 1^ LYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, the eight- eenth President of the United States, i%6g-7J, was born April 27, 1822, at Point Pleasant, i^7,^ Clermont County, Ohio. His father was of Scotch descent, and a dealer in leather. At the age of seventeen he en- tered the Military Academy at West Point, and four years later graduated twentv-first in a class of thirt3'-nine, receiving the commission of Brevet Second Lieutenant. He was assigned to the Fourth Infantry and re- mained in the army eleven years. He was engaged in every battle of the Mexican war except that of Buena Vista, and received two brevets for gallantry. In 1848 Mr. Grant married Julia,daughter of Frederick Dent, a prominent merchant of St. Louis, and in 1854, having reached the grade of Captain, he resigned his commis- sion in the army. For several years he fol- lowed farming near St. Louis, but unsuc- cessfully ; and in i860 he entered the leather trade with his father at Galena, Illinois. When the civil war broke out in 1861, Grant was thirty-nine years of age, but en- tirely unknown to public men and without any personal acquaintance with great affairs. President Lincoln's first call for troops was made on the 15th of April, and on the 19th Grant was drilling a company of volunteers at Galena. He also offered his services to the Adjutant-General of the army, but re- ceived no reply. The Governor of Illinois, however, employed him in the organization of volunteer troops, and at the end of five weeks he was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-first Infantry. He took command of his regiment in June, and reported first to General Pope in Missouri. His superior knowledge of military life rather surprised his superior officers, who had never before even heard of him, and they were thus led to place him on the road to rapid advance- ment. August 7 he was commissioned a Brigadier-General of volunteers, the ap- pointment having been made without his knowledge. He had been unanimously recommended by the Congressmen from Illinois, not one of whom had been his personal acquaintance. For a few weeks he was occupied in watching the move- ments of partisan forces in Missouri. September i he was placed in command of the District of Southeast Missouri, with headquarters at Cairo, and on the 6th, with- out orders, he seized Paducah, at the mouth of the Tennessee River, and commanding the navigation both of that stream and of ;♦:>: :♦:;♦: :*:;« :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: 'nv, , :♦;•»: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:>: 'f'.V. >!:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :«:»: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦!:♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:'»: >:>: :«::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦">: ;♦:.♦; :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;>: :«;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; *■;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦':♦;:♦: *;♦;:♦; *■ ^ .'^' /-T- cZ^t-t^ :z^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦' >;:♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ■♦::♦: .«:;«: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■»:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; .♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *::♦: :♦"* :♦;:♦: •»"♦: :♦:♦: *♦: :♦::♦: *:♦; :♦"♦; >:;♦: :♦;.*■ :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: >::«: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:«• >;>■ :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >''♦; ■•♦■•»: >. »■ :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: *:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«• ;♦:;♦: ^'•>' :♦:♦: :♦;:♦; :■»::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦:;♦: ;♦:■»: :♦:>: !♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:*: >:>: :♦;:♦: >;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; '♦■♦: .♦.♦* • * * U/.l'SSES S. GKA.VT. 99 the Ohio. This stroke secured Kentucky to the Union; for the State Legislature, which had until then affected to be neutral, at once declared in favor of the Govern- ment. In November following, according to orders, he made a demonstration about eighteen miles below Cairo, preventing the crossing of hostile troops into Missouri ; but in order to accomplish this purpose he had to do some fighting, and that, too, with only 3,000 raw recruits, against 7,000 Con- federates. Grant carried off two pieces of artillerj' and 200 prisoners. After repeated applications to General Halleck, his immediate superior, he was allowed, in February, 1862, to move up the Tennessee River against Fort Henry, in conjunction with a naval force. The gun- boats silenced the fort, and Grant immedi- ately made preparations to attack Fort Donelson, about twelve miles distant, on the Cumberland River. Without waiting for orders he moved his troops there, and with 15,000 men began the siege. The fort, garrisoned with 21,000 men, was a strong one, but after hard fighting on three successive days Grant forced an " Uncon- ditional Surrender" (an alliteration upon the initials of his name). The prize he capt- ured consisted of sixty-five cannon, 17,600 small arms and 14,623 soldiers. About 4,- 000 of the garrison had escaped in the night, and 2,500 were killed or wounded. Grant's entire loss was less than 2,000. This was the first important success won by the national troops during the war, and its strategic re- sults were marked, as the entire States of Kentucky and Tennessee at once fell into the National hands. Our hero was made a Major-General of Volunteers and placed in command of the District of West Ten- nessee. In March, 1862, he was ordered to move up the Tennessee River toward Corinth, where the Confederates were concentrat- ing a large army ; but he was directed not to attack. His forces, now numbering 38,- 000, were accordingly encamped near Shi- loh, or Pittsburg Landing, to await the arrival of General Buell with 40,000 more; but April 6 the Confederates came out from Corinth 50,000 strong and attacked Grant •violently, hoping to overwhelm him before Buell could arrive ; 5,000 of his troops were beyond supporting distance, so that he was largely outnumbered and forced back to the river, where, however, he held out until dark, when the head of Buell's column came upon the field. The ne.Kt day the Confederates were driven back to Corinth, nineteen miles. The loss was heavy on both sides ; Grant, being senior in rank to Buell, commanded on both days. Two days afterward Halleck arrived at tiic front and assumed command of the army, Grant remaining at the head of the right wing and the reserve. On May 30 Corinth was evacuated by the Confederates. In July Halleck was made General-in-Chief, and Grant succeeded him in command of the Department of the Tennessee. September 19 the battle of luka was fought, where, owing to Rosecrans's fault, only an incom- plete victory was obtained. Ne.xt, Grant, with 30,000 men, moved down into Mississippi and threatened Vicks- burg, while Sherman, with 40,000 men, was sent by way of the river to attack that place in front ; but, owing to Colonel Murphy's surrendering Holly Springs to the Con- federates, Grant was so weakened that he had to retire to Corinth, and then Sherman failed to sustain his intended attack. In January, 1863, General Grant took command in person of all the troops in the Mississippi \"allcy, and spent several months in fruitless attempts to compel the surrender or evacuation of Vicksburg; but July 4, following, the place surrendered, with 31,- 600 men and 172 cannon, and the Mississippi River thus fell permanently into the hands of the Government. Grant was made a :♦"♦;:♦: ;♦ ■* > ♦ ♦■. ;«•>: :<-,<>: :♦>: >■>■ :<:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦.:♦: > ■» .*.* :♦>■ >:♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: >>: >> >>i :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;>: :<»:*: ■♦■♦' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: > ♦' ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.;♦ :♦::♦: >:.♦: :♦.;•; >■>: ;♦:>: :•:♦. *:*: .♦,;♦: ;♦:;♦: *>: :♦::♦: *;♦; >:;♦: >"♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦ ;♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦'>■ :♦:♦: :•>;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦:♦: :♦:♦ >,:♦; :♦.;♦: ;•:* ;♦:>; ;♦:♦ :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:■♦•; ;♦:;♦: ;«■■♦' :♦:*: ;♦: > :♦:•►■ :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: .♦:'♦; >::♦: :♦.:♦. :♦:♦: .♦♦: ;♦.:♦: .♦. :♦: .♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >"♦: :♦.:♦: :♦;»: ;♦ <■ :♦ * ♦"♦:>"«::*"*:*"*:»"«:*:*::*"c*:>"*:>;*^:»:>;>>>j*»>"'«k:^^^ , . » ♦ t * . :,. « * « *!**-i-*::*»:-^^K€Afi:f'j^^^ • .: •«■;:♦: PliBSIDEA'TH VF THH UNITED STATES. :♦.;♦: :♦::♦: ;■♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; >;:♦: :•»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :-»;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :■♦:;♦: :♦:*: »;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« >::♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:;♦: !»:»: :♦:;♦; !»::« :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::♦; »::♦; :■»::♦: >:;♦: :♦:♦: ^* :♦;;♦: »:;« >;:♦: !•:>: »:;♦: >;:♦: !»;;♦: »::♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"* >::♦: !*:;♦: w.v. >::♦: :«:*: :•♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦•::♦: w.w. !♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: ;♦;:♦: >;;♦: »::♦: >;:♦: >::♦: :♦::'*: >::♦: s»:»: <*;;♦: !»::« ;-♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: !»;:«: >::♦: *;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•♦;:♦: :♦:>: !♦;:♦: !♦::♦: .♦:.♦; •♦:•: '♦"■♦>: .♦:>::♦; Major-General in the regular army, and in October following he was placed in com- mand of the Division of the Mississippi. The same month he went to Chattanooga and saved the Army of the Cumberland from starvation, and drove Bragg from that part of the country. This victory over- threw the last important hostile force west of the Alleghanies and opened the way for the National armies into Georgia and Sher- man's march to the sea. The remarkable series of successes which Grant had now achieved pointed him out as the appropriate leader of the National armies, and accordingly, in February, 1864, the rank of Lieutenant-General was created (or him by Congress, and on March 17 he assumed command of the armies of the United States. Planning the grand final campaign, he sent Sherman into Georgia, Sigel into the valley of Virginia, and Butler to capture Richmond, while he fought his own way from the Rapidan to the James. The costly but victorious battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna and Cold Harbor were fought, more for the purpose of annihilating Lee than to capture any particular point. In June, 1864, the siege of Richmond was begun. Sherman, meanwhile, was marching and fighting dail}' in Georgia and steadily advancing toward Atlanta ; but Sigel had been defeated in the valley of Virginia, and was superseded b}' Hunter. Lee sent Early to threaten the Na- tional capital ; whereupon Grant gathered up a force which he placed under Sheridan, and that commander rapidly drove Early, inasucccssionof battles, through the valley of Virginia and destroyed his arm}- as an organized force. The siege of Richmond went on, and Grant made numerous attacks, but was only partiall)' successful. The people of the North grew impatient, and even the Government advised him to abandon the attempt to take Richmond or crush the Confederacy in that way ; but he never wavered. He resolved to " fight it out on that line, if it took all summer." By September Sherman had made his way to Atlanta, and Grant then sent him on his famous " march to the sea," a route which the chief had designed si.x months before. He made Sherman's success possi- ble, not only by holding Lee in front of Richmond, but also b}' sending reinforce- ments to Thomas, who then drew ofif and defeated the only army which could have confronted Sherman. Thus the latter was left unopposed, and, with Thomas and Sheri- dan, was used in the furtherance of Grant's plans. Each executed his part in the great design and contributed his share to the re- sult at which Grant was aiming. Sherman finally reached Savannah, Schofield beat the enemy at Franklin, Thomas at Nash- ville, and Sheridan wherever he met him ; and all this while General Grant was hold- ing Lee, with the principal Confederate army, near Richmond, as it were chained and helpless. Then Schofield was brought from the West, and Fort Fisher and Wil- mington were captured on the sea-coast, so as to afford him a foothold ; from here he was sent into the interior of North Caro- lina, and Sherman was ordered to move northward to join him. When all this was effected, and Sheridan could find no one else to fight in the Shenandoah Valley, Grant brought the cavalr}-^ leader to the front of Richmond, and. making a last effort, drove Lee from his entrenchments and captured Richmond. At the beginning of the final campaign Lee had collected 73,000 fighting men in the lines at Richmond, besides the local militia and the gunboat crews, amounting to 5,000 more. Including Sheridan's force Grant had 1 10,000 men in the works before Petersburg and Richmond. Petersburg fell on the 2d of April, and Richmond on the 3d, and Lee fled in the direction of Lynch- burg. Grant pursued with remorseless tZ * >*■■■»:♦:♦« ♦ ♦ « «. ♦ « ■♦;♦ ♦ *■ ♦ o ■*■♦■:♦;♦,:♦;:♦':♦':♦'.*■♦;♦"**:,♦>:»:>;;♦:.♦:!♦■•♦•.**;♦;.♦. >::♦: »:>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::*: >::♦: :'»"'^ >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*;♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::<; :♦::♦; >"♦; >::♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.>: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::«: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:*■ :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::* »;:♦: ;♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦::«': »::♦: :*:« ;♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::« :♦;:« :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦':♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;■♦! :♦::■•> :♦:;«! :♦:;♦; :♦:*' :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:*■:♦: :♦:.♦;*: C'LJ-^SES S. GRA.XT. energy, only stopping to strike fresh blows, and Lee at last found himself not only out- fought but also out-marched and out-gen- eraled. Being completely surrounded, he surrendered on the 9th of April, 1865, at Appomattox Court-House, in the open held, with 27,000 men, all that remained of his army. This act virtually ended the war. Thus, in ten days Grant had captured Petersburg and Richmond, fought, by his subordinates, the battles of Five Forks and Sailor's Creek, besides numerous smaller ones, captured 20,000 men in actual battle, and received the surrender of 27,000 more at Appomattox, absolutely annihilating an army of 70,000 soldiers. General Grant returned at once to Wash- ington to superintend the disbandment of the armies, but this pleasurable work was scarcely begun when President Lincoln was assassinated. It had doubtless been in- tended to inflict the same fate upon Grant ; but he, fortunately, on account of leaving Washington early in the evening, declined an invitation to accompany the President to the theater where the murder was com- mitted. This event made Andrew Johnson President, but left Grant by far the most conspicuous figure in the public life of the country. He became the object of an en- thusiasm greater than had ever been known in America. Every possible honor was heaped upon him ; the grade of General was created for him b)- Congress; houses were presented to him by citizens; towns were illuminated on his entrance into them ; and, to cap the clima.x, when he made his tour around the world, "all nations did him honor" as the)- had never before honored a foreigner. The General, as Commander-in-Chief, was placed in an embarrassing position by the opposition of President Johnson to the measures of Congress ; but he directly man- ifested his characteristic loyalty by obeying Congress rather than the disaffected Presi- dent, although for a short time he had served in his cabinet as Secretar}- of War. Of course, everybody thought of General Grant as the ne.xt President of the United States, and he was accordingl}- elected as such in 1868 "by a large majorit}'," and four years later re-elected by a much larger majority — the most overwhelming ever given by the people of this country. His first administration was distinguished by a ces- sation of the strifes which sprang from the war, by a large reduction of the National debt, and b}' a settlement of the difficulties with England which had grown out of the depredations committed by privateers fit- ted out in England during the war. This last settlement was made by the famous " Geneva arbitration," which saved to this Government $15,000,000, but, more than all, prevented a war with England. " Let us have peace," was Grant's motto. And this is the most appropriate place to remark that above all Presidents whom this Gov- ernment has ever had, General Grant was the most non-partisan. He regarded the E.xecutive office as purely and exclusively executive of the laws of Congress, irrespect- ive of " politics." But every great man has jealous, bitter enemies, a fact Grant was well aware of. After the close of his Presidency, our General made his famous tour around the world, already referred to, and soon after- ward, in company with Ferdinand Ward, of New York City, he engaged in banking and stock brokerage, which business was made disastrous to Grant, as well as to him- self, by his rascality. By tiiis time an in- curable cancer of the tongue developed itself in the person of the afHicted ex- r^residcnt, which ended his unrequited life July 23, 1885. Thus passed away from earth's turmoils the man, the General, who was as truly the " father of this regenerated country" as was Washington the father of the infant nation. .<■ ■> '.* ■> ;•».♦; >:♦: >>: :♦;:♦; :♦:;••; >::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: !•::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; »; >>; >:♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: >::♦: >;:♦; >::♦; ;♦>: >.>; >:;♦: ;♦.;<•; ;♦.:♦: >.;♦: *:♦] >■* :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦,:♦: :♦:♦: :«::♦: :«:.«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :*>: :♦:->: :♦>: :♦.:♦: :♦:;♦: ?? :*■>. .*:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:♦: :^>: >::♦: :♦:♦: :♦,♦ :♦:♦: :♦::♦: >:♦ !♦.;* :♦.;♦: >■* :♦.♦: :♦;;♦ >::♦: :♦;♦: ;♦;»: :♦.;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦: :♦♦: ;♦,♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;«• :♦;'♦' >"♦: :♦::♦: !»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: •»;:♦; ;♦:■♦• :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >;>; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; •♦:;*; :♦;>: ;♦::♦: :♦;>; 'Ai'*: :♦;.♦; ;♦:>: :♦;>; ♦;:«. :♦::'•. >::♦: ;♦:'♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::*: :♦:;<>; ;♦;> ;*:•>. :♦;:♦: >;:♦: ;♦::♦' :♦:;♦: ;♦;■*: ;♦;;♦: ;♦:>: ;♦:;<■: >;;♦; ;♦;:*: *■♦■ '.*".*■ :♦::♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;*: ;♦:;<■: ;♦::♦: >:>■ >::•'. :♦::'- ;♦;■> :♦> ;♦:.*. ;♦;:♦: :♦:;«•: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: «:♦ *;*: ;♦:.♦; :♦.:*: ■»::♦: :♦:■»; :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;>: ;♦;;♦: :♦;;♦. >:;«: :♦:;♦: >;•»; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ** ;♦:;♦ ;♦:;♦. :♦.;♦: :*..+. ;♦:♦ '♦' <■• ♦ ^. * <•. :♦::♦: *,:* :♦;>; ■;♦:■»: :♦::•■• 102 PliES/DENTS OF THE UXITED STATES. *t 'ii?.'r'.^.i .s*fffi'°" !^^Mf *^y mini 71 1 1 1' iTii rrrrniTii 1 inid 1 • .i.i' ^6rt-. 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Q ^ /_ 0: ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:» :♦::•* :♦:> :♦;:->; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; »: :♦:»: :♦:>; :♦:>' :♦;;■>, :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦:>- :♦:>; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ■«•::♦; '*:*'. ■»:♦; :♦:,'.■ >:.<■: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:> :♦:> >!>: :♦> :♦'> '♦':'>: *:♦: :♦::♦: >"♦' :♦:>■ :♦ ♦ >■•» ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦• >:> .♦::♦; :♦)!♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: » :♦:.♦ ♦. » ;♦::♦ :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦:>: ;♦;>: :♦::♦ >::♦. :♦:* '♦:> :♦ «• ;♦:;♦: :♦:>; :♦;•••: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦' :♦::♦: >::*;:*::*:»:»::*::*:>::*;:*»::ccc*>:»;;*>:>"<*>^"*">>">"*":c*;>:>::^^ ♦ ♦^♦:*:*.*;*,».****:*;»:>:**;**:»;*>:»:.f*>;:*:>:;<:*;;*;*:*:*>;;»;>:>>:*.'*::*;>:*.»::«:>:>::^^^^ ■♦;♦■■ s L/Lr .« ■f •♦•■♦>->-*vvv***"**>»"V*>>xc*::*::*::c»;>;:cc*;:C'»>>::c«c«:*:>:;^^ !»;!♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: »::♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::<»: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :«:»: :♦::•: :♦::♦: !»: ;♦::♦: :♦"«: :♦:.<•': »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: W.V. :♦::♦: >:♦: ♦:♦: , '>" :♦♦; ♦.♦, :♦:•' :♦:■ ;♦;■* ■>:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:■♦; :♦:>: •>::♦: ♦ ♦• »:;♦: RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. »uS -'■»■ ♦ * ->"♦: "'.,*: •♦;*' *!♦; ;♦::♦: ♦:;♦: ♦ ♦' ♦■'♦. ♦.♦ ♦:.♦: »::♦; ♦:♦] ♦;;♦! ♦::♦: ♦::♦;»■ .♦;•«»: farm, Mr. Hayes concluded to enter into business in the village. He purchased an interest in a distillery, a business then as re- spectable as it was profitable. His capital and recognized ability assured him the highest social position in the community. He died July 22, 1822, less than three months before the birth of the son that was destined to fill the office of President of the United States. Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak, and the subject of this sketch was so feeble at birth that he was not expected to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker so that the neighbors were in the habit of inquiring from time to time " if Mrs. Hayes's baby died last night." On one oc- casion a neighbor, who was on friendly terms with the famil}', after alluding to the boy's big head and the mother's assiduous care of him, said to her, in a bantering wa}', "That's right! Stick to him. You have got him along so' far, and I shouldn't won- der if he would reall}' come to something )'et." '■ You need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes, " 3'ou wait and see. You can't tell but I sliall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his elder brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother. He was seven years old before he was placed in school. His education, however, was not neglected. His sports were almost wholly within doors, his pla3-mates being his sister and her associates. These circum- stances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of disposition and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others which arc marked traits of his character. At school he was ardently devoted to his studies, obedient to the teacher, and care- ful to avoid the quarrels in which many of his schoolmates were involved. He was always waiting at the school-house door when it opened in the morning, and never late in returning to his seat at recess. His sister Fannie was his constant companion, and their affection for each other excited the admiration of their friends. In 1838 young Hayes entered Kenyon College and graduated in 1842. He then began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow at Columbus. His health was now well established, his figure robust, his mind vigorous and alert. In a short time he determined to enter the law school at Cambridge, Massachusetts, where foi" two years he pursued his studies with great diligence. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he remained three years, acquiring but limited practice, and apparently unambitious of distinction in his profession. His bachelor uncle, Sardis Birchard, who had always manifested great interest in his nephew and rendered him assistance in boyhood, was now a wealthy banker, and it was under- stood that the young man would be his heir. It is possible that this expectation may have made Mr. Hayes more indifferent to the attainment of wealth than he would otherwise have been, but he was led into no extravagance or vices on this account. In 1849 l^s removed to Cincinnati where his ambition found new stimulus. Two events occurring at this period had a pow- erful influence upon his subsequent life. One of them was his marriage to Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Cincinnati; the other was his introduction to the Cincinnati Literary Club, a body embracing such men as Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, General John Pope and Governor Edward F. Noycs. The marriage was a fortunate one as every- body knows. Not one of all the wives of ♦ <» ♦ :«:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;* :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;.♦: ;♦::♦: :«:♦: ;♦:;«': :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«.«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: Hf.W. w.w. :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; w.v. :<••-* ^1 ;♦"♦' :♦"♦' ?•'♦: >:>: :♦;:♦•: :<•:♦' >/^' :<•;* ;♦:* '♦::♦: ;<»■:♦: '*■♦ :*;♦: >':♦: :■»::♦" ;♦::♦' >;;♦: ■*,♦: ;♦;>: >;;♦: ;«:;♦: ;♦:* ;♦:>: •«•♦: :<>::♦' >'>■ ;♦::♦: :♦;:«• :♦::♦: :«:>' >;.♦. >::«: :♦;:♦; :•':♦: ■»'♦' : ;c*;:*:.*"cc*».**:;c«:«:c»:;cc«:*:*»"*::c*»>::*:!»::c*»"*^ »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;•♦•; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: !»::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: m'm :•»:;♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« ;♦"♦: ;♦;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦:.♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: >:<»: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:'»: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: >:>^ >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦>: :♦:■♦: :♦:;♦: Wi »::♦: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;«! :'»::«^ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦«♦; :♦>: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: !»;!♦: :♦:;♦: io6 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. our Presidents -.vas more universally ad- mired, reverenced and beloved than is Mrs. Hayes, and no one has done more than she to reflect honor upon American woman- hood. In 1856 Mr. Hayes was nominated to the office of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but declined to accept the nomina- tion. Two years later he was chosen to the office of City Solicitor. In 1861, when the Rebellion broke out, he was eager to take up arms in the defense of his country. His military life was bright and illustrious. June 7, 1861, he ■ was appointed Major of the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry. In July the regiment was sent to Virginia. October 15, 1861, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of his regiment, and in August, 1862, was promoted Colonel of the Seventy-ninth Ohio Regiment, but refused to leave his old comrades. He was wounded at the battle of South Mountain, and suffered severely, being unable to enter upon active duty for several weeks. No- vember 30, 1862, he rejoined his regiment as its Colonel, having been promoted Octo- ber 15. December 25, 1862, he was placed in com- mand of the Kanawha division, and for meritorious service in several battles was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also brevetted Major-General for distinguished He was wounded four horses were shot from ^ >:>"♦■>>"♦"♦">>"♦"♦"<■:♦;>>>;>"♦:>"♦"•♦'■ .<»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦:.« :♦::♦: :«.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: , ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: .%:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >::« :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: .^"♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦>: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦:;♦: !»:;•': :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•• ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: •»;:♦: :«:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: >"♦: •»::♦; :♦::<*: :♦::♦: '!»::« >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: ff.K. :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦;•♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; services in 1864. times, and five under him. Mr. Hayes was first a Whig in politics, and was among the first to unite with the Free-Soil and Republican parties. In 1864 he was elected to Congress from the Sec- ond Ohio District, which had always been Democratic, receiving a majority of 3,098. In 1866 he was renominated for Congress and was a second time elected. In 1867 he was elected Governor over Allen G. Thur- man, the Democratic candidate, and re- elected in 1869. In 1874 Sardis Birchard died, leaving his large estate to General Hayes. In 1876 he was nominated for the Presi- dency. His letter of acceptance excited the admiration of the whole country. He resigned the office of Governor and retired to his home in Fremont to await the result of the canvass. After a hard, long contest he was inaugurated March 5, 1877. His Presidency was characterized by compro- mises with all parties, in order to please as many as possible. The close of his Presi- dential term in 1881 was the close of his public life, and since then he has remained at his home in Fremont, Ohio, in JefTerso- nian retirement from public notice, in strik- ing contrast with most others of the world's notables. ■'ff:i«:f(:f(:<(:^:ff:fi:ii:fi:fi:ff:fi:f(:ff:iir:f>:!(:ii:fi:i«:g:ii:i(:)^^^^ ■ *. & '♦ ♦' * * v * * ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦ » '♦ ♦ ♦ * > '♦ 1" ♦ '♦' ♦■■«■*■♦♦♦■♦ * ♦ ♦;♦♦♦*,«> ♦' > ♦ .♦! ♦ .♦. >. >! .♦; MM !♦-.* • ♦♦..♦..♦.:♦:.♦,.♦..♦..♦:>; >:•« :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :«;>: ;♦::♦; :♦::■« :♦::•« . :♦::♦; :♦::* >:;«s :♦::«> ;♦;:* :♦::* :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;■« »;« :♦:♦ :♦!♦: »;w :«:« *i :♦::♦: :«!« :«:<« MM :♦::* :«K ■m'm •♦;«s :«!« ;*»: :♦.:•« >::♦: :♦::« »;:♦: :♦;:*■ >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»> :♦;« :♦:*• :♦!:♦: »':« :♦:>: :♦::« :♦:'« :♦;:« :♦:»: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: '*"♦: »; 7.-I.1/AS yl. 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In his youthful and therefore zealous piety, he exercised his talents occasionally as a preacher of the Gospel. He was a man of strong moral and religious convic- tions, and as soon as he began to look into politics, he saw innumerable points that could be improved. He also studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. November 11, 1858, Mr. Garfield married ISIiss Lucretia Rudolph, who ever after- ward proved a worthy consort in all the stages of her husband's career. They had seven children, five of whom are still living. It was in 1859 that Garfield made his first political speeches, in Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meetings, being received everywhere with popular favor. He was elected to the State Senate this year, taking his seat in January, i860. On the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion in 1861, Mr. Garfield resolved to fight as he had talked, and accordingly he enlisted to defend the old fiag, receiving his commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of the Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, August 14, that year. He was immediately thrown into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action he was placed in command of four regiments of infantrj' and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driv- ing the Confederates, headed by Humphrey Marshall, from his native State, Kentucky. This task was speedily accomplished, al- though against great odds. On account of his success. President Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier-General, January 11, 1862; and, as he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army. He was with General Buell's army at Shi- loh, also in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. Next, he was detailed as a member of the efcncral court-martial for the trial of General Fitz- John Porter, and then ordered to report to General Rosecrans, when he was assigned to the position of Chief of Stafl. His mili- tary history closed with his brilliant ser- vices at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of Major-General. In the fall of 1862, without any effort on his part, he was elected as a Representative to Congress, from that section of Ohio which had been represented for sixty years mainh' by two men — Elisha Whittlesey and Joshua R. Giddings. Again, he was the youngest member of that body, and con- tinued there by successive re-elections, as Representative or Senator, until he was elected President in 1880. During his life in Congress he compiled and published by his speeches, there and elsewhere, more information on the issues of the day, espe- cially on one side, than any other member. June 8, 1880, at the National Republican Convention held in Chicago, General Gar- field was nominated for the Presidency, in preference to the old war-horses, Blaine and Grant ; and although many of the Re- publican party felt sore over the failure of their respective heroes to obtain the nomi- nation. General Garfield was elected by a fair popular majority. He was duly in- augurated, but on July 2 following, before he had fairly got started in his administra- tion, he was fatally shot by a half-demented assassin. After very painful and protracted suffering, he died September 19, 1881, la- mented by all the American people. Never before in the history of this country had anything occurred which so nearly froze the blood of the Nation, for the moment, as the awful act of Guiteau, the murderer. He was duly tried, convicted and put to death on tiic gallows. The lamented Garfield was succeeded by the Vice-President, General Arthur, who seemed to endeavor to carry out the policy inaugurated by his predecessor. >::♦ ;♦::♦: :♦.:♦. ;♦:<■■ :*:;♦; :♦:>■ :«■>; :<■;;«■; :♦:*: :♦:>. ■♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: >::♦: >:«■: ;♦::♦: >■«■ :♦;• :* : • ;♦♦ :♦;:♦ :♦:<• >::♦ ■»::'■ 'i. .. > ■- ;♦< :♦;;♦. :♦:>: >::♦: :♦:<■ '^'^ :♦:;-> :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦:•♦: >■■' ;♦.<■ '.*:.'r. ;♦;:«•; :♦:>: :♦::♦: .%:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.«: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦••« :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦ :♦:■: :♦:> :♦:% :♦;:« :♦:»: ■*« :♦::♦: :♦;■♦: C^L^lyy < :♦::c♦"C♦"♦:i»:;«'::♦:>:.>::♦::C'fi:♦::♦::♦:'4!:♦:i»:•»:x;♦>>:;♦"♦::'^>"♦^«:l»:;^^ -/>::'»:»::«:>:'«£:c»::«:c«i«'A'A>:i!i'>::c^>:x:«:i»:K^^^^ :♦:♦: CHESTER A. ARTHUR. HESTER ALLEN ARTHUR, the twen- t3--first Chief Execu- tive of this growing republic, i88i-'S, was born in Frank Hn County, Vermont, October 5, 1830, the eldest of a family of two sons and five P'-^iiltA daughters. His father, Rev. ^f^. Dr. William Arthur, a Baptist clergyman, immigrated to this country from County Antrim, Ireland, in his eighteenth year, and died in 1875, in Newton- ville, near Albany, New York, after serving many years as a successful minister. Chester A. was educated at that old, conservative institution, Union Col- lege, at Schenectad}', New York, where he excelled in all his studies. He graduated there, with honor, and then struck out in life for himself by teaching school for about two years in his native State. At the expiration of that time young Arthur, with $500 in his purse, went to the city of New York and entered the law office of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as a student. In due time he was admitted to the bar, when he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and old room-mate, Henr}^ D. Gar. diner, with the intention of practicing law at some point in the West ; but after spend- ing about three months in the Western States, in search of an eligible place, they returned to New York City, leased a room, exhibited a sign of their business and al- most immediately enjoyed a paying patron- age. At this stage of his career Mr. Arthur's business prospects were so encouraging that he concluded to take a wife, and ac- cordingly he married the daughter of Lieu- tenant Herndon, of the United States Navy, who had been lost at sea. To the widow of the latter Congress voted a gold medal, in recognition of the Lieutenant's bravery during the occasion in which he lost his life. Mrs. Arthur died shortly before her husband's nomination to the Vice-Presi- dency, leaving two children. Mr. Arthur obtained considerable celeb- rity as an attorney in the famous Lemmon suit, which was brought to recover posses- sion of eight slaves, who had been declared free by the Superior Court of New York City. The noted Charles O'Conor, who was nominated by the " Straight Demo- crats" in 1872 for the United States Presi- dency, was retained by Jonathan G. 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In this case, however, Mr. Arthur was assisted by WiUiam M. Evarts, now United States Senator. Soon afterward, in 1856, a respectable colored woman was ejected from a street car in New York City. Mr. Arthur sued the car company in her behalf and recovered $500 damages. Immediately afterward all the car companies in the city issued orders to their employes to admit colored persons upon their cars. Mr. Arthur's political doctrines, as well as his practice as a lawyer, raised him to prominence in the party of freedom ; and accordingly he was sent as a delegate to the first National Republican Convention. Soon afterward he was appointed Judge Advocate for the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and then Engineer-in- Chief on Governor Morgan's staff. In 1861, the first year of the war, he was made In- spector-General, and next, Quartermaster- General, in both which offices he rendered great service to the Government. After the close of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of law, forming first a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and subse- quently adding Mr. Phelps to the firm. Each of these gentlemen were able lawyers. November 21, 1872, General Arthur was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, and he held the office until July 20, 1878. The next event of prominence in General Arthur's career was his nomination to the Vice-Presidency of the United States, under the influence of Roscoe Conkling, at the National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880, when James A. Gar- field was placed at the head of the ticket. Both the convention and the campaign that followed were noisy and exciting. The friends of Grant, constituting nearly half the convention, were exceedingly persist- ent, and were sorely disappomted over their defeat. At the head of the Demo- cratic ticket was placed a very strong and popular man ; yet Garfield and Arthur were elected by a respectable plurality of the popular vote. The 4th of March following, these gentlemen were accordingly inaugu- rated ; but within four months the assassin's bullet made a fatal wound in the person of General Garfield, whose life terminated September 19, 1881, when General Arthur, ex officio, was obliged to take the chief reins of government. Some misgivings were entertained by man}' in this event, as Mr. Arthur was thought to represent espe cially the Grant and Conkling wing of the Republican party ; but President Arthur had both the ability and the good sense to allay all fears, and he gave the restless, critical American people as good an ad- ministration as they had ever been blessed with. Neither selfishness nor low parti- sanism ever characterized any feature of his public service. He ever maintained a high sense of ever)' individual right as well as of the Nation's honor. Indeed, he stood so high that his successor, President Cleve- land, though of opposing politics, expressed a wish in his inaugural address that he could only satisfy the people with as good an administration. But the day of civil service reform had come in so far, and the corresponding re- action against " third-termism" had en- croached so far even upon "second-term" service, that the Republican party saw fit in 1884 to nominate 'another man for Presi- dent. Only by this means was General Arthur's tenure of office closed at Wash- ington. Since his retirement from the Presidency in March, 1885, our good ex- Presidcnt has continued in the practice of his chosen profession at New York City. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦ ♦ • ♦ ■» »*•»••**•* •♦♦♦,«.♦ ♦ o.>: ♦.>♦.♦,•« ♦^s'o: ♦:♦;:♦:■♦■♦::♦:♦::♦.♦::♦::♦:♦.♦.♦..♦. ♦..♦..♦..♦..♦..♦.♦..♦..♦.♦.♦•.♦..♦.•♦••♦••♦•.♦• ;■* > '•• :♦:>; :♦;>; >::♦; :♦;:* :«::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::••» :♦:>: ;♦"*■ :«•::• :♦.;» :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦:;♦. :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >!:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: »::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:»: ;*'* ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »: :♦::♦; :♦:», :•»;;♦: :♦::♦:' :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:>: :♦;>: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :;4^»::** ^ « --i ■ ,^^^ r GROVER CLEVELAND. "7 ^1^^^ '^ •^^C^ ^^--?-t^ .-jwj».>~?.>jx->tj!>jy^ ^ ] /*f"^ @eO¥ME @&^¥li[&ffiB« -^Jti>^^ # 1€ ^^^S^^Si- •'^ .1 1837- -«^{i^6E?- ■' ROVER CLEVE- > LAND, the twenty- second President of the United States, 18S5— , was born in Caldwell, Essex County, New J e rse)- , March 18, The house in which he was born, a small two-story wooden building, is still stand- ing. It was the parsonage of the Presbyterian church, of which his father, Richard Cleveland, at the time was pastor. The family is of New England origin, and for two centuries has contributed to the professions and to busi- ness, men who have reflected honor on the name. Aaron Cleveland, Grover Cleve- land's great-great-grandfather, was born in Massachusetts, but subsequently moved to Philadelphia, where he became an intimate friend of Benjamin Franklin, at whose house he died. He left a large family of children, who in time married and settled in different parts of New England. A grandson was one of the small American force that fought the British at Bunker Hill. He served with gallantry through- out the Revolution and was honorably discharged at its close as a Lieutenant in the Continental army. Another grandson, William Cleveland (a son of a second Aaron Cleveland, who was distinguished as a writer and member of the Connecticut Legislature) was Grover Cleveland's grand- father. William Cleveland became a silver- smith in Norwich, Connecticut. He ac- quired b}' industry some property and sent his son, Richard Cleveland, the father of Grover Cleveland, to Yale College, where he graduated in 1824. During a year spent in teaching at Baltimore, Maryland, after graduation, he met and fell in love with a Miss Annie Neale, daughter of a wealthy Baltimore book publisher, of Irish birth. He was earning his own way in the world at the time and was unable to marry; but in three years he completed a course of preparation for the ministr}-, secured a church in Windham, Connecticut, and married Annie Ncale. vSubsequently he moved to Portsmouth, Virginia, where he preached for nearly two years, when he was summoned to Caldwell, New Jersey, where was born Grover Cleveland. When he was three years old the family moved to Fa^'ctteville, Onondaga County, New York. Here Grover Cleveland lived until he was fourteen years old, the rugged, healthful life of a country boy. His frank, generous manner made him a favorite among his companions, and their respect was won by the good qualities in the germ which his manhood developed. He at- tended the district school of the village and .♦. > ♦ :♦:♦: >: •■: •1- - ♦ ♦ :♦:,♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>; :♦:;♦: :♦:>; :♦:'>: ;♦::♦: >::«; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; !»::♦; :♦;:♦• :♦::♦: .*;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:*: :♦:.*; :♦;.>; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦>: :«:'♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :<•:♦: :♦;;♦; >;■♦•: >:;♦; :♦::■»: :*;♦; :♦;:♦: :■•:;♦; :♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:.*: :♦:>: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; !♦::•»: :♦;:♦; »::*: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::<»: :♦::♦; :♦;>: :♦::♦: ;♦;•♦: :♦:.♦; :♦:.♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦"♦: :•»::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;■*■ :♦::«•: :*'>; :♦:;♦: :♦::*•: :♦:;♦? :♦::♦: ;♦:* :♦:.♦; ;♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦"♦: ■•::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦; >::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦■: !♦:*; !♦::♦; ♦:;c«:»:;cccccccccc«:c«;>;:c*»;>>>;:cc'»';i«i>;;c»;»;K:^^ ♦::«>"♦•;♦::♦::c♦"c♦^♦>::c*:«•:♦;;♦::c♦::«:♦::cc♦;;cc♦:;c♦;:«♦;;♦::^^^^^ ii8 PRESIDENTS OF THE UN/TED STATES. ;♦..♦. ;♦..♦. ;♦;>: ■•>: ;•■;* ;♦:;♦: :«.♦ >> '* > ;«■:♦ >;:•♦: >:;♦: :♦;>' :♦:>: » ;♦;;♦: :«:♦; ;«-:> >■> :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•>:> ;♦:♦' :♦:>: :♦]> >:;♦ ;«•:*: >> >::♦: ♦ > :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦. :♦:> ;•*."♦' :♦:♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :*'♦ :-»■:♦: :♦:>. >::♦: >::♦: ;♦,:♦: >■>. >"♦ ;<•:♦. ■-* .♦, "♦:■». ■«;•> :* ♦ ;■»:>: :■*:*. ;♦.;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦. ;♦::♦. >.:*: :♦ ♦ > V was for a short time at the academy. His lather, however, beHeved that boys should be taught to labor at an early age, and be- fore he had completed the course of stud}' at the academy he began to work in the village store at $50 for the first year, and the promise of $100 for the second year. His work was well done and the promised in- crease of pay was granted the second year. Meanwhile his father and family had moved to Clinton, the seat of Hamilton College, where his father acted as agent to the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, preaching in the churches of the vicinity. Hither Grover came at his father's request shortly after the beginning of his second year at the Fayetteville store, and resumed his studies at the Clinton Academy. After three years spent in this town, the Rev. Richard Cleveland was called to the vil- lage church of Holland Patent. He had preached here only a month when he was suddenly stricken down and died without an hour's warning. The death of the father left the family in straitened circumstances, as Richard Cleveland had spent all his salarj- of $1,000 per year, which was not required for the necessar}'- expenses of liv- ing, upon the education of his children, of whom there were nine, Grover being the fifth. Grover was hoping to enter Hamil- ton College, but the death of his father made it necessary for him to earn his own livelihood. For the first year (iS53-'4) he acted as assistant teacher and bookkeeper in the Institution for the Blind in New York City, of which tnc late Augustus Schell was for many 3'ears the patron. In the winter of 1854 he returned to Holland Patent where the generous people of that place, Fayetteville and Clinton, had purchased a home for his mother, and in the following spring, borrowing $25, he set out for the West to earn his living. Reaching Buffalo he paid a hasty visit to an uncle, Lewis F. Allen, a well-known stock farmer, living at Black Rock, a few miles distant. He communicated his plans to Mr. Allen, who discouraged the idea of the West, and finally induced the enthusi- astic boy of seventeen to remain with him and help him prepare a catalogue of blooded short-horn cattle, known as " Allen's Amer- ican Herd Book," a publication familiar to all breeders of cattle. In August, 1855, he entered the law office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, at Buffalo, and after serving a few months without pay, was paid $4 a week — an amount barely sufficient to meet the necessary expenses of his board in the family of a fellow-student in Buffalo, with whom he took lodgings. Life at this time with Grover Cleveland was a stern battle with the world. He took his breakfast by candle-light with the drovers, and went at once to the office where the whole day was spent in work and study. Usuallj- he re- turned again at night to resume reading which had been interrupted by the duties of the da}-. Gradually his employers came to recognize the ability, trustworthiness> and capacity for hard work in their young employe, and by the time he was admitted to the bar (1859) he stood high in their con- fidence. A 3^ear later he was made confi- dential and managing clerk, and in the course of three years more his salary had been raised to $1,000. In 1863 he was ap- pointed assistant district attorney of Erie County by the district attorne}', the Hon. C. C. Torrance. Since his first vote had been cast in 1858 he had been a staunch Democrat, and until he was chosen Governor he always made it his duty, rain or shine, to stand at the polls and give out ballots to Democratic voters. During the first j'ear of his term as assistant district attorney, the Democrats desired especially to carry the Board of Su- pervisors. Tiie old Second Ward in which he lived was Republican- ordinarily by 250 majority, but at the urgent request of the :♦::♦:;♦»*: :♦>:»;* :♦;:*■ :♦"♦: >;;♦' >::♦: >:>: >:;♦; :♦:♦: :♦':♦: >:>; >>: :♦:>: >:♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; »; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦■;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: >::♦: *:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; .>::«• :♦>' ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦" >::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦! ;♦;:♦: •»:*' ;♦;:♦: :♦:»; :♦;••; :♦:* :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: ;♦ '♦: >>: •».:♦. '♦.>. :♦::♦. :•:> :♦.♦ :•>.♦ :♦'♦ :♦:;♦. 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The three years spent in the district attorney's office were devoted to assiduous labor and the extension of his professional attainments. He then formed a law part- nership with the late Isaac V. Vanderpoel, ex-State Treasurer, under the firm name of Vanderpoel & Cleveland. Here the bulk of the work devolved on Cleveland's shoul- ders, and he soon won a good standing at the bar of Erie County. In 1869 Mr. Cleveland formed a partnership with ex- Senator A. P. Laning and ex-Assistant United States District Attorney Oscar Fol- som, under the firm name of Laning, Cleve- land & Folsom. During these years he began to earn a moderate professional in- come; but the larger portion of it was sent to his mother and sisters at Holland Patent to whose support he had contributed ever since i860. He served as sheriff of Erie County, i870-'4, and then resumed the practice of law, associating himself with the Hon. Lyman K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell. The firm was strong and popular, and soon commanded a large and lucrative practice. Ill health forced the retirement of Mr. Bass in 1879, and the firm became Cleveland & Bissell. In 1881 Mr. George J. Sicard was added to the firm. In the autumn election of 18S1 he was elected mayor of Buffalo by a majority of over 3,500 — the largest majority ever given a candidate for mayor — and the Democratic city ticket was successful, although the Republicans carried Buffalo by over 1,000 majority for their State ticket. Grover Cleveland's administration as mayor fully justified the confidence reposed in him by the people of Buffalo, evidenced b}' the great vote he received. The Democratic State Convention met at Syracuse, September 22, 1882, andnomi^ nated Grover Cleveland for Governor on the third ballot and Cleveland was elected by 192,000 majority. In the fall of 1884 he was elected President of the United States by about 1,000 popular majority, in New York State, and he was accordingly inaugurated the 4th of March following. .♦.,♦ >:♦: :♦;>: :*>; :«£>; ;'•;;♦! >::« ;♦::« :♦:;«! ;♦::« .♦;:«{ :«::« ;♦:;« :«:.« :♦;:* :♦::•: :♦::«' »::« :«>: :♦::♦; :♦:'« *?( »::♦: :«:«; :«::♦: :♦>; :♦:'♦; ♦;.♦: *♦: >;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: *;♦: .♦.»' :♦:* ;♦:>. ;♦:;♦. >::« :♦::• :*.♦. >>: ■>.:*: .♦>. ;<>::•»; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :<>;:*: '♦:>' :♦:>: ■♦:>. :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: »: :♦:>: ♦:■>' * ♦. :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; .♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; ♦.♦; ♦:.♦: >:♦; * ♦: V a; .«■♦. ;*>; :*::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦: >•:■>: > *: >!♦; :♦::♦: >:>: >:>; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;:•♦•; >:;♦: >;:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦:»; :♦"♦; ;♦::♦; :*:>: >::*: :♦:>; :♦;>; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :«::♦; :•♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: >:»: ;♦:>: >;>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦• >:;♦: :*::♦• :♦:;♦; :♦;;*: ;♦:;♦: :♦;»; :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:>; :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;•♦:;♦: >:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:>; >;:♦; ;■♦:;«•; ;♦::♦; :■>;:♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :<•::♦: >•»; ;r*; :«;■»; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :«:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :•♦;:♦: ■»;:♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦.'♦; > ♦ »: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::* >::♦; >::♦: >;:♦; >:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; '^ >::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ^ :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦'♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦; »::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦. »:;♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: >::♦: ;♦:;♦: :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•»::♦; :♦::♦: :-*::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦:.*: :♦::♦: '•»'♦■ :*>:;♦;:♦: ».:♦: »::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦.;♦: :«;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« >::♦: >"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; >;:♦: w»; :♦::♦. :♦;:♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: >:»: :♦:>: >:>: »;'« :♦;*• :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦>; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«! :■>::♦: :♦:<»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::'»: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '*;!►! ;♦>: »;;♦: »::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :«:♦: »::« »^-^i5%^>?^^5^^;j^^.^5^j^e^^f^'^sv%t?;5^<»-«* HISTORY OF lOWfl. ->>^^^'^^^: '#«"t«"''V • >:>;>:»>::'«:;:«'>;:*:»;>;>"c*;:*:;*:c«*::*"c*>:>" ;♦>':♦: »: >;;♦: >;>: >!>! :♦;:♦: >"♦: >::♦: ^;:* >::♦: :♦;>: :♦':♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: [♦::♦: >;»■ .♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: s»:>; :♦;:♦; >:♦ :♦::♦: '(»;:♦: »::♦: :♦::'»: >::«: :♦:;♦: (»:;♦: ;♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦: »::♦: nbf. >::♦: :♦:»: >::♦; >:»: :♦:>: »::♦: !»::♦: :♦>: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :«>: >::♦: :'•"'•: »::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«>: :♦:>: :«::♦: :«:♦; !»: »;:♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; »: ;»::♦: !»::♦: :♦:>: :♦::«! :♦:♦: >::«: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::« :«::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦:»: :♦;;♦: !«•::♦: :♦::« »::« »::« :♦::« :♦;:« :♦::♦: '«:♦: :♦>"♦>;>;:♦"♦:;♦; ♦,:♦, ♦::♦: ♦::♦; ♦:•»; •:.♦; ♦::♦; ♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;•••: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;•»;>: ;♦:*: :♦;>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;* :♦"•»■ :♦:••" :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;'♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦"♦: >:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;>; ;♦;:♦: :♦;■* :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: •»:♦: '*:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: •»::♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: .*::♦: •»::♦: :♦:;♦: •»;;♦: ;♦;>: •♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: •♦;■♦: :♦:♦: :♦:.♦: >:;♦: *>: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *::♦: >;:♦; ;♦:.*: :♦;>; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: '♦"♦: :♦::♦: ■»;:«■■ > > €^f3t^ •♦>"♦"♦"♦>"♦:<»>">:■♦:>-♦■'♦■ ^ ♦:»';♦>:>;>:»;;♦;:♦]> ■♦'■♦- >::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ■»:;♦: ;♦;;♦; '*>; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; ** ;♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:•►: :♦:>; :♦:;♦; :♦:•»: :♦;;♦; :^.>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: !♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; >;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; •♦:;♦: ;••>: ;♦;;♦: :«:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; , :♦::♦: >;:♦: :«•♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;*. :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; >:>; :♦::♦: :«::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;•»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; >::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>; >;•»; :«:>: :♦:;♦: ■*:♦; :♦:>: :«>: :«!:♦: :♦;»: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; >::♦: >::♦: :♦:>; >::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: '♦: '♦' :♦' :♦' > »" :♦' >■ :•" * >' >' :♦" '♦' '♦ ♦ .♦. ♦: :♦::♦;>;:♦::♦::*.:♦::♦.:♦::♦;:♦"♦:;♦;■»::♦::♦;;♦::♦;;♦; "^^■'*''-'it^^'V^ IOWA STATE HOUSE AT DES MOINES HISTORY OF IOWA. "3 -»:♦: ♦::♦; ♦::♦: ♦::♦: ♦:* :♦:*: :*::♦: ♦::♦: ♦::♦; ♦:*: »::♦; ♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; ■*:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:;♦: :*::♦; .*;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: ♦::♦: ■»;;♦; *::♦; ♦::♦: .♦;;♦. :♦;:♦: !»"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :c*: :♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;«■: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«:;♦: :♦"♦: :*>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: 'SCff. :<•:;♦: :♦::♦: • :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«: >:;♦; >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::»: :«"♦; >"♦; ♦ •>■ ♦:<..♦: :■•:;■♦;-•♦• J^isto^y of lovua. U_^X ■■-1.11 ■■ 11 11 Jt- i ^ ASQRIISilECAE.. /' JC. '!^HE race or races who occupied this beau- tiful prairie country before the advent of the whites from Eu- rope had no litera- ture, and therefore have left us no history of themselves. Not even tra- ditions, to any extent, have been handed down to us. Hence, about all we know of the Indians, previous to explorations by the whites, is derived from mounds and a few simple relics. The mounds were erected by a people generally denominated Mound Builders, but whether they were a distinct race from the Indians is an unsettled ques- tion. Prof. Alex. Winchell, of the Michigan State University, as well as a number of other investigators, is of the opinion that those who built mounds, mined copper and iron, made elaborate implements of war, agriculture and domestic economy, and built houses and substantial villages, etc., were no other than the ancestors of the present Indians, who, like the ancient Greeks and Romans, were more skilled in 10 ii> tp the arts of life than their successors during the middle ages. Most people have their periods of decline, as well as those of prog- ress. The Persians, Hindoos and Chinese, although so long in existence as distinct nations, have been forages in a state of de- cay. Spain and Italy do not improve, while Germany, Russia and the United States have now their turn in enjoying a rapid rise. Similarl}', the Indians have long been on the decline in the practical arts of life. Even since the recent days of Feni- more Cooper, the " noble " red men have degenerated into savages, despite the close contact of the highest order of civilization. Nearly all modern authorities unite in the opinion that the American continent was first peopled from Eastern Asia, either by immigration across Bchring's Strait or by shipwrecks of sailors from the Kamt- schatkan and Japanese coast. If mankind originated at the north pole, and subse- quently occupied an Atlantic continent, now submerged, it is possible that the American Indians are relics of polar or Atlantic races. The ancient race which built the towns and cities of Mexico and the Western United States is called the Aztec, and even of them is scarcely anything known save *!^ :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: ^* :♦:♦: >;:♦: >>: >>' >>■ :♦>. '* > > ** :♦:■>: >;>: >:>: ;♦;>: >■■»; :♦;♦: ;♦:♦: ;♦::#: !♦;>' :♦>; >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦!>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :*:♦! >.>: :♦>; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦:♦; ,< ♦; .♦ -y < ■>. >::+: »: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; >;;♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦; ;♦:>; :♦::♦: :«;♦: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦:;♦; »: ;•.;« :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦:>; :♦.;♦•; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::••; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:.♦: ;♦:♦: .<«;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦,:♦: >::♦; ;♦;:♦: >:>: :♦;:♦: *:♦: «■ » .♦..♦.aa«aaj»>>.*>:»::«»::::«:4'::<»:»:3«»::<»::«:«I!k:«»::«»::«:«:« :♦;.♦; :♦:.♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦; ■>.:■>: >::♦; :♦::♦; ;* *: .-», ■■♦; *:♦: ;■■>:>: '<-::*: >::♦: >;:♦: >:;♦; ■>:;♦: ►:>: .•:♦: v,>: »>; -->: ■.•: *: ■: ■ >: ■ »'. •.\>; ■■.:'♦: ■•;,*; ->:♦: •;♦: >:♦; ■ -:'♦: -♦; .::♦; •»:•♦: •»:'♦: .<>;:♦; :♦:>: •»;:♦: ;♦::♦: :•*;:♦: ■;•::♦: ~-:;* >;:♦; >:♦: :♦;;♦; »: »::♦: S^ &;■»: :♦:>: so: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: *;♦; :♦;:♦: >"■« >.:♦: >::♦: >::♦: »::« »::♦: !♦::♦: .♦.:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦"♦; >:'♦: ' ♦: *.♦: :♦: ;■ '♦: ■■• ♦; ^;♦;:♦;:♦;:*:c♦>::♦;;♦;:♦;;♦;:♦::c♦^::♦:>;;c»;3t*:c♦::ccc* 124 HISTORY OF IOWA. what can be learned from their buried structures. The few inscriptions that are found seem to be meaningless. Indian mounds are found throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, but are far more abundant in some places than others. In this State they abound near the principal rivers. They vary in size from a few to hundreds of feet in diameter, and from three to fifteen or more feet in height. They are generally round, or nearly so, but in a few notable exceptions they bear a rude resemblance in their outline to the figure of some animal. Their contents are limited, both in quantity and variet}', and consist mainly of human bones, stone implements, tobacco pipes, beads, etc. The stone implements are axes, skinning knives, pestles and mortars, arrow points, etc. The human bones are often found in a mass as if a number of corpses had been buried together, and indicate that their possessors were interred in a sitting posture. Judge Samuel Murdock, of Elkader, this State, who has made this subject a special stud)' for man\' years, is of the opinion that these remams are not of subjects who were inhumed as corpses, but of persons who, under the influence of a savage religion, voluntarily sacrificed themselves by under- going a burial when alive. CAUCASIAN. The first member of this race to discover the Mississippi River was Ferdinand De Soto, a Spaniard, who explored the region of the Lower Mississippi in i54i,butcame no farther north than the 3Sth parallel. He founded no settlements, nor was he ever followed by others of his country to make settlements, and hence Spain lost her title to the country which she had earned by discovery through her subject, De Soto. At a subsequent period a Frenchman re- discovered the realm, took possession of it in the name of France, and his fellow countrymen soon followed and effected actual settlements. Accordingly, in 1682, France claimed the countr}^ and, accord- ing to the usage of European nations, earned a proper title to the same. The re- sult was a collision between those two na- tions, success finally crowning the efforts of France. In a grand council of Indians, on the shore of Lake Superior, they told the Frenchmen glowing stories of the " Father 01 \Vaters " and of the adjacent country, and in 1669 Jacques Marquette, a zealous and shrewd Jesuit missionary, became in- spired with the iJea of visiting this re- gion, in the interests of civilization. After studying the language and customs of the Illinois Indians until 1673, he made prep- arations for the journey, in which he was to be accompanied by Louis Joliet, an agent of the French Government. The 'Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to wit- ness his departure, endeavored to dissuade him from the undertaking, representing that the Indians of tiie Mississippi Valley were cruel and bloodthirsty. The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters which could swallow men, canoes and all. But the shrewd missionary, already aware of Indian extravagance in descrip- tion, set out upon the contemplated jour- ney May 13. With the aid of two Miami guides he proceeded to the Wisconsin River, and down that stream to the Mis- sissippi. Floating down the latter he dis- covered, on the 25th of June, traces of Indians on the west bank, and landed. This was at a point a little above the mouth of the Des Moines River, and thus a Euro- pean first trod the soil of Iowa. After re- maining a short time and becoming ac- quainted with the red man as he then and there exhibited himself, he proceeded down to the mouth of the Illinois, thence up that river and by Lake Michigan to the French settlements. ♦"♦»;:♦::♦:>:>;»"♦» ..♦;:♦:>;:♦;:♦;:♦:;♦;:♦::♦;;♦;;♦;;♦;* »>.*>..*:♦..♦/♦:>. ♦>..'»i.'»..»,.*..»,.*.»,>.».,».>.>..».>.A>:>:>.;*.;»:« *♦:♦.♦♦.>..♦..♦. ♦♦.♦.^♦^♦..♦..♦..♦..^^ :•♦:>: :♦::«' :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«:;♦: :-.'• :•»: ;♦::■»: ;«.*; .*::♦: :♦:>: :•♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: )«•>; :♦:*: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: >;:♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :■*::♦: .*"♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »:>; >:;♦: »::«; :♦::♦: »;;«: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :<»::♦: :»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: !»;:♦: ;♦:♦; >::♦: !»::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: ;*;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;>: :♦"♦: :♦::•: :♦::«: >::'»: :♦::♦: s»:* :♦;:♦: :♦:»: >:;♦: :♦:.♦: ;*.*: :♦:'♦: 'm :♦;:♦: >::♦: !»::♦: >::♦; !♦:■»; :♦:;♦; :♦:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;♦: :♦),* m. .* •'♦::*:S:*::*::*::*"«>:*>;»;:*>>;;«»'>:s:*;:«i!K:«:«*::c*:'^^ ;*>: *:♦: :♦:;♦. >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: >:>! >-* >;>: >">: :♦" •♦: >.♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦' :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;*.:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:■»•; ;♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:;♦: >,:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :*:♦: :•»;■;♦: :*■>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦; >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: ;«:♦: :-»::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:.«: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :<»>: :♦;:♦; :♦::«: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :•♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: HI STOUT OF IOWA. >^S Nine years later, in 1682, Rene Robert Caveiier La Salle descended the Missis- sippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in the name of the King of France took formal posses- sion of all the Mississippi Valley, naming- it Louisiana, in honor of his king, Louis XIV. The river itself he named Colbert, in honor of the French minister. Soon afterward the Government of France began to en- courage the establishment of a line of trad- ing posts and missionary stations through- out the West from Canada to Louisiana, and this policy was maintained with par- tial success for about sevent)--five years. Christian zeal animated both France and England in missionary enterprise, the former in the interests of Catholicism and the latter in favor of Protestantism. Hence their haste to pre-occup)- the land and prose- lyte the aborigines; but this ugly rivalry dis- gusted the Indians and the}' refused to be converted to either branch of Christianity. The traders also persisted in importing whisky, which canceled nearly every civ- ilizing influence that could be brought to bear upon the savages. Another character- istic of Indian nature was to listen atten- tivelv to all that the missionary said, pre- tending to believe all he preached, and then offer in turn his theory of the world, of re- ligion, etc.; and, not being listened to with the same degree of attention and pretense of belief, would depart from the white man's presence in disgust. This was his idea of the golden rule. Comparatively few Indians were perma- nenth' located within the present bounds of the State of Iowa. Favorite hunting grounds were resorted to by certain bands for a time, and afterward by others, subject to the varying fortunes of their little wars. The tribes were principall}- the Illinois, lowas, Dakotas, 5iou.\, Pottawatomies and finall}' the Sacs and Fo.xes. In 1765 the Miami confederacy was com- posed of four tribes, whose total number of warriors was estimated at only 1,050 men. Of these about 250 were Twightwees, or Miamis proper; 300 Weas, or Ouiate- nons; 300 Piankeshaws and 200 Shocke)'s; but their headquarters were along the Maumec River, in Indiana and Ohio. From 1688 to 1697 the wars in which France and England were engaged re- tarded the growth of their American colo- nies. The efforts made by France to connect Canada and the Gulf of Me.xicoby a chain of trading posts and colonies nat- urally excited the jealousy of England and gradually laid the foundation for a struggle at arms. The crisis came and the contest obtained the name of the I-^rench and Indian war, the French and Indians combining against the English. The war was termi- nated in 1763 b}' a treaty at Paris, by which France ceded to Great Britain all of North America east of the Mississippi, excei)t the island on which New Orleans is situated. The preceding autumn France ceded to Spain all the country west of that river. In 1765 the total number of French fami- lies within the limits of the Northwest Ter- ritory did not probably exceed 600. These were in settlements about Detroit, alonsr the river Wabash and the neighborhood of Fort Chartrcs on the Mississippi. The colonial policy of the British Government opposed any measures which iiiight strengthen settlements in the interior of this country, lest tliey should become self- supporting and consequently independent of the mother country. Hence the settle- ment of the Northwest was still further retarded. That short-sighted policy con- sisted mainly in holding the lands in the possession of the Government, and not allowing it to be subdivided and sold to those who would become settlers. After the establishment of American indepen- dence, and especially under the administra- tion of Thomas Jefferson, both as Governor of Virginia and President of the United .'♦ ♦ > ♦: :♦>; >::♦: >::♦; >:>; !♦;♦: »; >::* :♦::♦: :♦:••■: >:* :♦;* :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: . :♦"♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: >;:♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >;;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: 'ft: ft. :♦::♦: :•»::♦; :♦::♦: :•♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«;:♦: >::♦; .>:>: :♦;♦: >;:♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >:;♦: :♦:♦ :♦:.♦: :♦.;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :•♦::♦: >::♦: *:♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :■*::♦: :*■■»■ .♦..♦►♦..♦..♦..♦..♦,.t,.t..*,AA.»..#„».>,>„»„*>.>;.«;.»;;4f>;>;;»;;4-4,X»;>;;*;;*-«.;;*;;4;;»;-^ ♦:♦♦::♦;:♦:>■'♦':♦':♦:>■♦">:■♦';♦■:♦:♦:♦:♦:;♦;,♦;:♦';♦::♦::♦::♦;:♦:■♦':♦•:♦:;♦::«';♦::♦:>•:♦' :♦::♦:♦■:«♦>" ;♦;:♦"♦:;♦»; ;♦:;♦: •♦;:♦; :♦:•»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ?m :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; »::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦'♦ :♦;>: ;♦;.♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;♦: »;:♦: ♦:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦;>: ».>: :♦;:* :♦::«■: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦:.>; »;:♦: :♦>: >'^:'^ «'♦ :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦!:♦: . :♦;;♦: »' :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦;:♦; :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•»: :♦::♦: :♦>; :«;♦: »:»: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: %:♦: :♦::♦: *;;« :♦::♦: »: :♦:>: :♦;* :♦>: :♦:':•: :♦>: ■«:♦; :♦>: :♦:>: >::♦: 1^^ :♦::♦; :♦:>; :<•>:♦: :«:♦: ■*:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >;♦; ■♦'.♦: 126 HISTORT OF IOWA. States, subdivision of land and giving it to actual settlers rapidly peopled this portion of the Union, so that the Northwest Terri- tory was formed and even subdivided into other Territories and States before the year 1820. For more than 100 years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin soil of Iowa and admired its fertile plains, not a single settle- ment was made or attempted ; not even a trading-post was established. During this time the Illinois Indians, once a poweiful tribe, gave up the entire possession of this " Beautiful Land," as Iowa was then called, to the Sacs and Foxes. In 1803, when Louisiana was purchased bv the United States, the Sacs, Foxes and lowas pos- sessed this entire State, and the two for- mer tribes occupied also most of the State of Illinois. The four most important towns of the Sacs were along the Mississippi, two on the east side, one near the mouth of the Upper Iowa and one at the head of the Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose. Those of the Foxes were — one on the west side of the Mississippi just above Davenport, one about twelve miles from the river back of the Dubuque lead mines and one on Turkey River. The principal village of the lowas was on the Des Moines River, in Van Buren Count}-, where lowaville now stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded the attacking forces. The Sioux had the northern portion of this State and Southern Minnesota. They were a fierce and war-like nation, who often disputed possessions with their rivals in savage and bloody warfare ; but finall}' a boundary line was established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty held at Prairie du Chien in 1825. This, however, became the occa- sion of an increased number of quarrels be- '^:c»"*;.*"*;*"*:*:*:*::*;;'»>"*.>:>:>:>"*'»:>:>;'»;,*;> tween the tribes, as each trespassed, or was thought to trespass, upon the other's side of the line. In 1830, therefore, the Govern- ment created a forty-mile neutral strip of land between them, which policy proved to be more successful in the interests of peace. Soon after the acquisition of Louisiana b}- our Government, the latter adopted meas- ures for the exploration of the new terri- tory, having in view the conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and also the selection of proper sites for militarj'posts and trading stations. The Army of the West, General Wilkin- son commanding, had its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post Captains Lewis and Clarke, in 1805, were detailed with a sufficient force to explore the Missouri River to its source, and Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head of the Missis- sippi. August 20 the latter arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines Rapids, where he met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian Agent at this point, a French interpreter, four chiefs and fifteen Sac and Fox war- riors. At the head of the rapids, where Montrose now is, Pike held a council with the Indians, merely for the purpose of stat- ing to them that the President of the United States wished to inquire into the needs of the red man, with a view of suggesting remedies. On the 23d he reached what is supposed from his description to be the site of Bur- lington, which place he designated for a post ; but the station, probably by some mistake, was afterward placed at Fort Madi- son. After accidentalh' separating from his men and losing his way, suffering at one time for six days for want of food, and after many other mishaps Lieutenant Pike over- took the remainder of the party at the point now occupied by Dubuque, who had gone on up the river hoping to overtake him. At that point Pike was cordially received by - .•»■;;*>::♦::♦:;♦■:♦;:♦::♦;;♦ *:♦"♦::♦:;♦"* - >;;♦::♦;:♦;:♦::♦;: 1 •> .♦_♦, ♦..♦. ;♦-♦: :♦>; :♦::♦; >■■♦: *>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::*: >;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: *;♦: ;♦:;♦: *:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: >"♦: >:;♦: :♦.;♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦;>: :♦:•♦■: :♦::♦: :♦::«•; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;>; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦"♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦':♦: >:»: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: »; >::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦!;♦! ;♦;;♦: »; :♦::♦: .*;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: .*;;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: •♦::♦; :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦:•»; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>; :♦::♦; >;:♦; *:♦; >;>; >;>; :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;«■>: ;♦!>: >:>; :♦;:♦: ♦::♦:>: .»::♦: *::♦; ♦:;* :«;:«•: ♦::♦; «:♦: .'»■;♦: <•:♦; ♦:»: ♦::♦: :♦;:♦: .♦':♦' •» ♦ <•>, *>. ♦,;♦: .•»:;♦: ♦r* ■*'♦: «>■ 4*. :♦:♦: '♦::♦: :♦:♦: '♦:♦: *♦! ♦!♦ :♦:♦; ;♦'♦; ■♦:'♦: ■»•..♦. :♦::♦: ■♦::♦: "♦'.♦' '«■ • :■»!>: :«::♦: >:■♦: :*.:♦: >::♦; >:>; :♦;♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•»:;♦: '♦">■ ♦:,♦■ ♦ * .'*L:«>::«:>"*:>::«:>::c«:>:;c«»:>::«:>:;«:*>::cc*:>:>:»::«t;c4::c«:%%^^^ :i I STORY OF IOWA. "27 ♦ ♦: ■0 * ♦..♦. Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain, but was not disposed to publish the wealth of his possessions. Having an old field-piece with him, however, he fired a salute in honor of the first visit of an agent from the United States to that part of the country, and Pike pursued his way up the river. At what was afterward Fort Snelling, Minnesota, Lieutenant Pike held a council with the Sioux September 23, and obtained from them a grant of 100,000 acres of land. January 8 following (1S06) he arrived at a trading post on Lake De Sable, belonging to the Northwestern Fur Company, whose field of operations at that time included this State. Pike returned to St. Louis the fol- lowing spring, after making a successful expedition. Before this country could be opened for settlement b}' the whites, it was necessary that Indian title should be extinguished and the aboriginal owners removed. When the Government assumed control of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, at whose head stood the rising Black Hawk. November 3, 1804, a treaty was concluded with these tribes by which they ceded to the United States the Illinois side of the great river, in consider- ation of $2,234 worth of goods then de- livered, and an annuit}- of $1,000 to be paid in goods at cost ; but Black Hawk always maintained that the chiefs who entered into that compact acted without authority, and that therefore the treaty was not binding. The first fort erected on Iowa soil was at Fort Madison. A short time previously a military post was fixed at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and named Fort Edwards. These enterprises caused mistrust among the Indians. Indeed, Fort Madison was located in violation of the treaty of 1804. The Indians sent delegations to the whites at these forts to learn what they were do- ing, and what they intended. On being "informed" that those structures were merely trading-posts, they were incredu- lous and became more and more suspicious. Black Hawk therefore led a party to the vicinity of Fort Madison and attempted its destruction, but a premature attack by him caused his failure. In 1812, when war was declared between this country and Great Britain, Black Hawk and his band allied themselves to the British, partly because thev were dazzled by their specious promises, but mostly, perhaps, be- cause the)' had been deceived by the Amer- icans. Black Hawk said plainly that the latter fact was the cause. A portion of the Sacs and Foxes, however, headed by Keo- kuk ("watchful fox"), could not be per- suaded into hostilities against the United States, being disposed to abide by the treaty of 1804. The Indians were there- fore divided into the " war " and the " peace " parties. Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that his people, left on the west side of the river, would be defenseless against the United States forces in case they were at- tacked ; and, having all the old men, the women and the children on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was determined to have the latter go to St. Louis and place themselves under the " American" chief stationed there. Ac- cordingly they went down, and were re- ceived as the " friendl}' band" of Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says that Keokuk was introduced to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. On inquir}' as to how he became chief, there were given him the particulars of his having killed a Sioux in battle, which fact placed him among the warriors, and of his having headed an ex- pedition in defense of their village at Peoria. '«■■* :<■ ♦. ■*:♦: -1.* .»>: ■t' ♦; :*::♦: >■>: ■»■»; >:♦: >♦: *::♦: :«:♦: :<•:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ■•"♦: :♦■:•♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: >;>: >::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:>: :«::♦: :♦:♦: :«:♦: '*■ -ft: :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦';♦' ■> * .».♦' :*'♦' v V :*"♦: >''*■ :♦:* ■*"'♦: :♦:+: *♦' :*'♦ :«■■.:♦: :♦:«■' >, ♦; :-v ♦: :♦ • ♦',♦ :*> >■ *' .'> V :<• ♦: >« ♦ .♦■ :♦' V :•»::♦: ♦:>>:>::*:>;:«!»::*;>;:c*>;;c«*:c*:*:i»::ccc*"'»;;c*"c«:«':*:*^^ ♦;:*;:c*>.»;>::c«:cccc*'ti»;*::*;:*>::c«:cc*>::*::*;*>::*:« ' ;■.:»; ;«•.:*; •»■;;« :♦::♦: :«;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::'»-: :♦::♦: :«:♦: »:<»: :♦;»: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;«;:♦; ;♦:;♦> '♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :'«'"♦: :♦::♦: ;*::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :«>: .*;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦;:♦: :«:♦: :•»>; :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :«;>: ;♦::♦: >:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: <»::♦: :*;♦: :♦;.*: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; ;♦::♦: ■«■:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦;• '♦::♦; *:'♦: ■«•;'♦; ■•;>' :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;■•; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: !♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: >:>: :♦:♦: >;*^ :♦:!»: 128 HISTORr OF IOWA. In person Keokuk was tall and of portly bearing, and in speech he was an orator. He did not master the English language, however, and his interpreters were never able to do him justice. He was a friend of our Government, and always endeavored to persuade the Indians that it was useless to attack a nation so powerful as that of the United States. The treaty of 1804 was renewed in 18 16, which Black Hawk himself signed; but he afterward held that he was deceived, and that that treaty was not even yet binding. But there was no further serious trouble with the Indians until the noted " Black Hawk war"' of 1S32, all of which took place in Illinois and Wisconsin, with the expected result — the defeat and capture of the great chief, and the final, effectual and permanent repulsion of all hostile Indians to the west of the great Mi-ssissippi. Black Hawk died October 3, 1838, at his home in this State, and was buried there ; but his remains were afterward placed in the museum of the His- torical Society, where they were accident- ally destroyed by fire. More or less affecting the territory now included within the State of Iowa, fifteen treaties with the Indians have been made, an outline of which is here given. In 1804, when the whites agreed not to settle west of the Mississippi on Indian lands.- In 181 5, with the Sioux, ratif)'ing peace with Great Britain and the United States ; with the Sacs, a treaty of a similar nature, and also ratifying that of 1804, the Indians agreeing not to join their brethren who, under Black Hawk, had aided the British ; with the Foxes, ratifying the treaty of 1804, the In- dians agreeing to deliver up all their prisoners ; and with the lowas, a treaty of friendship. In i8i6, with the Sacs of Rock River, ratifying the treaty of 1804. In 1824, with the Sacs and Foxes, the latter relin- quishing all their lands in Missouri; and that portion of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " half-breed tract " was set off to the half-breeds. In 1825, placing a boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes on the south and the Sioux on the north. In 1830, when that line was widened to forty miles. Also, in the same year, with several tribes, who ceded a large portion of their possessions in the western part of the State. In 1832, with the Winnebagocs, ex- changing lands with them and providing a school, farm, etc., for them. Also, in the same year, the "Black Hawk purchase" was made, of about 6,000,000 acres, along the west side of the Mississippi from the southern line of the State to the mouth of the Iowa River. In 1836, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's reserve to the United States. In 1837, with the same, when another slice of territory, comprising 1,250000 acres, joining west of the forego- ing tract, was obtained. Also, in the same )-ear, when these Indians gave up all their lands allowed them under former treaties; and finally, in 1842, when they relinquished their title to all their lands west of the Mississippi. Before the whole of Iowa fell into the hands of the United States Government sundry white settlers had, under the Spanish and French Governments, obtained and oc- cupied several important claims within our boundaries, which it ma}' be well to notice in brief. September 22, 1788, Julien Du- buque, before mentioned, obtained a lease of lands from the Fox Indians, at the point ■now occupied by the city named after him. This tract contained valuable lead ore, and Dubuque followed mining. His claims, however, as well as those to whom he after- ward conveyed title, were litigated for many years, with the final result of dis- appointing the purchasers. In 1799 Louis Honori obtained a tract of land about three miles square where Montrose is now sit- uated, and his title, standing through all the treaties and being finally confirmed by •♦"♦^♦:v>>:>>:>"»->>>::»:>:>;>;:ccco::o:*;*>>'>'»>:>::*::*::*;:c*:;cc*::* ;♦:;■ ■»:.v- :♦;* :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .^"♦: :♦::♦: .«;♦: ;»:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"<•: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: - :♦:;♦: :«;♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«>: :♦::♦: :♦:.«•: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: »>: •♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:»: :♦::♦: ;♦:.«: :♦"«: .>::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'ff:if. *i^ :♦:;♦; ;•»:.% :♦::♦: :♦;:*: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :*::♦: :♦:;«: 'iCff. :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;•; :♦:;♦: :♦:!'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦::♦: ;♦:»: .▼ ." ▼ >:;♦:;♦; »;:♦: :«:>: »::♦; >"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;« :♦::« :♦:;♦: HISrORT OF IOWA. 129 :♦:;•« :♦:;« :*::«5 ;*:* :♦::* :♦;>: :♦::♦: »: :♦;:•« :♦;:•« >::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;■« :♦::♦: >':♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::«■: >::« :♦:>: :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦:•« :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::« :♦::« >:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::•« :♦::« :♦;:« :♦::♦: :c« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: 'ffM :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;* :<«:♦: :♦:»: :«:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :<•:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦:»: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :«:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦;:*• :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦; »:*:♦: :♦;:♦;;♦; the Supreme Court of the United States, is the oldest legal title held by a white man in the State of Iowa. A tract of 5,860 acres in Clayton County was granted by the Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1795 to Basil Girard, whose title was made valid some time after the preceding case was settled. Other early settlers were: Mr. Johnson, an agent of the American Fur Company, who had a trading-post below Burlington. Le Moliere, a French trader, had, in 1820, a station at what is now Sandusk}-, in Lee County, six miles above Keokuk. During the same 3'ear Dr. Samuel C. Muir, a sur- geon of the United States army, built a cabin where the city of Keokuk now stands. His marriage and subsequent Hfe were so romantic that we give the following bnet sketch : While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, the post was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden — -whose native name unfortunately has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave unmoor his canoe, paddle it acrqss the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, according to the super- stitious belief of her race, that in her dreams she had seen her future husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting- Dr. Muir she instantly recognized him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophia's beauty, innocence and devotion, the Doctor honorably mar- ried her, but after a while the sneers and gibes of his brother officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and when his regi- ment was ordered down the river to Belle- fontaine, it is said that he embraced the opportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her in- fant child, this intrepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and after many days of weary labor and a lonely journey of 900 miles, she at last reached him. She afterward remarked, v/hen speaking of this toilsome journe)' down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there I was all perished away — ^so thin !" The Doctor, , touched by such unexampled devotion, took her to his heart, and ever after until his death treated her with marked respect. She always presided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her na- tive st^-Ie of dress. In i8i9-'2o he was stationed at Fort Edward, now Warsaw, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. He then built a cabin as above stated, where Keokuk is now situated, and made a claim to some land. This claim he leased to Otis Re3'nolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe (afterward Galena), where he practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to him four children — Louise, James, Mary and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera in 1832, but left his property in such a condition that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and penniless, became discouraged, and, with her two younger children, disap- peared. It is said she returned to her peo- ple on the Upper Missouri. The gentleman who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk subsequentlj^ em- ployed as their agent Moses Stillwell, who arrived with his family in 1828, and 'took possession. His brothers-in-law, Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. Mr. Still well's daughter Margaret (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puckashetuck. She was prob- >:»;>:>:>::*»>::c»:>"cc*»"o>:>:>:>:>::*>::*:r^ ♦..♦..♦..♦;.».*:*>:>:>;>:>::ccc»:>:>;:»:;t;>;>:>;>;<»i:c»;>:>:;»>;:cc*>;:*:>::* >. ■ . :♦:♦. :♦::♦: :♦:>: >;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦:;« »:>: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦:>: ■♦;:♦; >;:♦: :♦:>; ;♦::♦: :♦:>] ':»::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :*>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >.:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; »:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;<»: :♦:.«: >::♦: :«»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: w:m >::♦: :♦::*• :♦::♦: >:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::* :♦::♦: »; ;♦::♦: :♦>: »;:■« »: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦>: »;;« :♦"<»: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: w:m »:;♦: :♦::♦: !»:>: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦>: :<>■■.: '»::*..<. •♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦'■*' '*': :*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:* •♦■:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: .*:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :<►::♦: ♦:*' :♦:;»: ;*::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:,♦: :♦:■«•. :♦::♦: :♦.:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*' '' ,<• *: '* >: ;*:;♦: :<■;:♦: ■*:<: >'. v. >:«: ?>::♦: 5>:v: :♦:.♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:■♦• :♦:;♦: :♦;*: :♦::♦; :♦:*, ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦':♦: »:>' :«:'♦: :♦;:»; >■>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■♦::♦: >:;*: >:;♦: ■*>: '♦ * ■1 '■? »♦::♦::♦:♦:•♦:♦::♦::♦:♦♦ '3° v: :♦::♦;:♦:;♦:'•»■'♦::♦::♦: '♦. ••:*:*::*.*.>::*:*:»:»;:*;*i»:»;»:»:.*::*:«t>::*>;:c*;;»:!»:>;:^:*v*.*>:*,5»:* HISTORY OF IOWA. ,!■::♦: ably the first white American child born in Iowa. In 1829 Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a settle- ment on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. The same j-ear James S. Lang- worth}-, who had been engaged in lead- mining at Galena since 1824, commenced lead-mining in the vicinity of Dubuque. A few others afterward came to that point as miners, and they soon found it necessary to hold a council and adopt some regulations for their government and protection. They met in 1830 on the bank of the river, by the side of an old Cottonwood drift log, at what is now the Jones Street Levee in Dubuque, and elected a committee, consisting of J. L. Langworthy, H. F. Lander, James Mc- Phetres, Samuel Scales and E. M. Wren, who drafted a set of rules, which were adopted by this, the first "Legislature" of Iowa. They elected Dr. Jarote as their officer to choose arbitrators for the settle- ment of difficulties that might arise. These settlers, however, were intruders upon In- dian territory, and were driven off in 1832 by our Government, Colonel Zachary Tay- lor commanding the troops. The Indians returned and were encouraged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white occupants. But in June of the same year the troops were ordered to the east side of the Missis- sippi to assist in the annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the west side ! Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war and the negotiations of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Fo.Kes ceded the tract known as the " Black Hawk Purchase," the settlers, supposmg that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared large quantities of lead for market. But the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June i, 1833, although they had with- drawn from the vicinit}' of the settlement. Colonel Taylor was again ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. This was a serious and per- haps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the miners. They were compelled to aban- don their cabins and homes in mid-winter. This, too, was only out of respect for forms; for the purchase had been made, and the Indians had retired. After the lapse of fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this rigorous action of the Government can be given. But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. Manv of the settlers re-crossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, re- moved to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, in which to store their lead until spring, when they could float the fruits of their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could re- main until the treaty went into force, when they could return. Among these were the Langworthy brothers, who had on hand about 300,000 pounds of lead. No sooner had the miners left than Lieu- tenant Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Colonel Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons and other prop- erty to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on the part of a subordi- nate, clothed with a little brief authorit}*, was sternl}' rebuked by Colonel Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieutenant George Wilson, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, that were only waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. The treaty went formally into cfiect June, 'it:- .-' :;♦.*:.<»• :♦:;* :•»:>; >■;♦' :♦>: ;♦:;♦' :♦:♦' >>! ;♦>■ :♦;*. > '-*. ■♦ ♦ .*■> *'♦: >:■?>. :«:>; >'.♦: :♦::♦■ >,:♦. >:♦: >* >;*: !<*! .->^ >.* ■*.>. ♦ > > >■;♦: :*>' ♦/«• ;♦::♦: :♦::*; :«::♦: >'^ :«:♦ ;♦,:«•: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: >:>. :♦.♦: .-^ ,♦ ;♦.:♦, >♦. ;* ;♦. > .♦' .♦ ♦' ;*:V 'f>:f'. '.*.M :<•>. ■*> >. ». >. *'. :*:.'* > *• ;♦:* :♦.■♦ ;♦::♦. .<•.«•! :*.* '<■'.*. » ;♦: :* «; ■*:•: :*>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >.;♦: :«•::*: :♦*• ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦:«■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '«.:♦' >"•; >;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦ ♦ » -*!ii'>>>">^*:*>:»::*;:*::*:*»:»>y*s»>'*:"*:**w^^ ■:.4::«ii>:;c«>:.cc»>::c>:>::c«:«:*::^:>:»::<»>:>:>:!»;>:>>:>:;«^!*::'«:^^ HISTORY OF IOWA. >3i •„♦: '>; ■:■ :♦' »>■ »,.♦; ■ ■♦: . .♦, '■> ♦' >:>: :♦::♦; >;:♦: :♦;♦: >:♦] •>♦: ■■ * >::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :<*::♦: :«::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; >::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■♦■:♦; >::«: 'Sr:ilf. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦♦, :♦.,♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦; ;♦"♦: ■>♦: :«:♦: :♦:•»: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; 1833, the troops were withdrawn, and the Lang^worth}' brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed possession of their homes and claims. From this time must date the first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa. John P. Sheldon was appointed superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that which had been in operation at Galena since 1825, under Lieutenant Martin Thomas and Captain Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primi- tive law enacted by the miners assembled around that old Cottonwood drift log in 1830, was adopted and enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were required to sell their mineral to licensed smelters, and the smelter was required to give bonds for the payment of 6 per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government About 500 people arrived in the mining district in 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, of whom 150 were from Galena. In the same year Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school-house in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the populous and thriving city of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he first settled become the site of a city of 15,000 inhabitants, the small school-house which he aided in construct- ing replaced by three substantial edifices, wherein 2,000 children were being trained, churches erected in every part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, while on a trip over the Du- buque & Southern Railroad, at Monticello, and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and influ- ential of the old settlers of this section of 11 Iowa. He died greatly lamented by many friends, in June, 1865. The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners, at a meeting held in 1834. Soon after the close of the Black Hawk war in 1832, Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort Madison. In 1833 General John H. Knapp and Colonel Nathaniel Knapp purchased these claims, and in the summer of 1835 they laid out the town of " Fort Madison." Lots were ex- posed for sale early in 1836. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United States Government. The popu- lation rapidly increased, and in less than two years the beautiful location was cov- ered by a flourishing town, containing nearly 600 inhabitants, with a large pro- portion of enterprising merchants, mechan- ics and manufacturers. In the fall of 1832 Simpson S. White erected a cabin on the site of Burlington, seventy-nine miles below Rock Island. During the war parties had looked long- ingly upon the "Flint Hills" from the op- posite side of the river, and White was soon followed by others. David Tothers made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. The following winter the settlers were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders upon the rights of the Indians. White's cabin was burned by the soldiers. He returned to Illinois, where he remained during the winter, and in the following summer, as soon as the Indian title was ex. tinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the town of Burlington in 1834, on a beautiful area of sloping eminences and gentle declivities, enclosed within a natural amphitheater :♦;:♦: ^.♦..♦..♦..♦..♦..♦.♦..♦>„'»,ft:cc»;:««c>;:cc»::«<'»;;c*x<**^^^ :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦; >:>: >.!♦: :♦'>: >:♦; >.[♦: :■»>: :•>:♦: :-»:;♦: :-♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;* :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:♦: >;>; ;♦:♦: :♦:>: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :•♦:;♦: :♦;>: >::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :■»::♦: ;♦:>; :<•;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;;■»: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: >;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :*::♦: :♦:>; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:>; >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«■ ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ':♦:>: :♦:*■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;*:♦; :♦:« ;♦;:« :•».:♦: :♦"♦• :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :;♦>;:♦; 132 HISTOnr OF IOWA. which ->.:♦: '>; ■•>: '>; »;■« .■>.:♦; ■>* <-■♦; .>:;♦: :♦::♦■: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:* !♦::* :♦::♦; •■•♦: .♦:;♦; :♦;>; :♦;:♦: ■-:♦; >^ •■':♦) »;:♦; »::•« »:>: »::♦; »::« :♦::•« >;:«5 ■:;•« ,-■:;♦; ■■::« -;>; ■•::♦; -,:« ■■:■« ;■:♦; :^^ g, hills, luxuriant forests and • .A ► :♦: - :*' .'■«. ■:♦•; - '♦; ■,♦; •:♦; -»::« '.'*; •.■»; .:♦: ■.:«■; ■■,:♦; »::♦: >::« <.*: ■-;♦; ♦::♦: .».:•« <:♦: '•♦; •■.■..«; :-. ♦: '.,:♦; v>; (':>: •'.:♦: '.- :♦■; t* <>:♦; *:•♦:?«■' .-<•.;♦;:♦: formed by the surroundin were crowned with presented the most picturesque scenery. The same autumn witnessed the openmg of the first dry -goods stores b}' Dr. W. R. Ross and Major Jeremiah Smith, each well sup- plied with Western merchandise. Such was the beginning of Burlington, which in less than four years became the seat of government for the Territory of Wisconsin, and in three years more contained a popu- lation of 1,400 persons. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in September, 1832, Colonel George Davenport made the first claim on the site of the present thriving city of Davenport. As early as 1827, Colonel Davenport had established a flat-boat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Missis- sippi. In 1833 Captain Benjamin W. Clark moved from Illinois, and laid the founda- tion of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual settlement within the limits of that county. The first settlers of Davenport were An- toine Le Claire, Colonel George Davenport, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gor- don, Philip Hambough, Alexander W. Mc- Gregor, Levi S. Colton, Captain James May and others. A settlement was made in Clayton County in the spring of 1832, on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further settlement was made in this part of the State until 1836. The first settlers of Muscatine County were Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and O. W. Kasey, all of whom came in 1834. E. E. Fay, William St. John. N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jonas Fettibone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whitney, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. Aberncthy and Alexis Smith were also early settlers of Musca- tine. As early as 1824 a French trader named Hart had established a trading-post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as " Mynster Spring," within the limits of the present eity of Council Bluffs, and had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the emplo)-es of the American Fur Company as " La Cote de Hart," or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827 an agent of the American Fur Compan}', Francis Guittar, with others, encamped in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broadway, and afterward settled there. In 1839 "^ block house was built on the bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawat- omie Indians occupied this part of the State until i846-'7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arri- val of the Mormons under the lead of Brig- ham Young. These people on their way westward halted for the winter of i846-'7, on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had reached the eastern bank of the river the spring before in season to plant a crop. In the spring of 1847 Brigham Young and a portion of the colony pursued their journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and settled mainly within the present limits of Pottawatomie County. The principal settlement of this strange community was at a place first called " Miller's Hollow," on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Colonel Thomas L. Kane, of Pennsyl- vania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and water furnished de- sirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, law- yer and editor, was installed as president .♦..♦: »: :♦::♦: >!>; :♦;>; >■>; ;•♦♦; :♦;>; :•♦::♦: »: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; >::<• :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: »;:♦; >;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;■♦• ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;>: :♦.:♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦; >::♦; !»:>: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦: :*:♦: :♦;:♦: *;:♦: 5»:»; ;♦;:♦; :♦:.♦: ;♦;>: ;♦.;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:<»: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦,:♦: :•»■;♦; :♦::♦; »;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; !»::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;*■ :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :«:':« :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;«:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦' :♦;:♦: >■:•»: >:>:>:>;>;:«;:*;:c*;:cc*:*:>;>;:«;:cc«;:«;:*;>;>:;c»;>>::c»>>;:»;>>;*;:^^ :♦:.♦: :♦:.♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦:.♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >::»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:*: >::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :'*::♦: :«:.4: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:••> »;.*■; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦:*: .*;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■»::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦.;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :<■::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; <•>; >::♦: .♦'♦; :♦:>; ♦::♦; ♦::♦; ♦:.*: »: ♦::♦; ♦>: «•:.♦: ♦;♦; ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; *'*'. V-*: < ♦: »:♦; •>::♦: >::♦: *:>: »::♦: .♦;:♦: :♦:!♦; :♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: »;:♦: !♦::♦; .♦,.♦; :♦:;♦: ,♦::♦: ♦::♦: ♦ :♦: >.♦; <:«:♦"♦:;♦:;♦:> HISTOHT OF row A. '33 of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State remained under Mormon con- trol for several years. In 1847 the}' raised a battalion numbering 500 men for the Mexican war. In 1848 Hyde started a paper called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828; but they were not all within the limits of Pottawatomie County. This county was organized in 1848, all the first officials be- ing Mormons. In 1852 the order was pro- mulgated that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on board the steamer lone, arrived at the site of the present capital of the State, Des Moines. This was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River to this point. The troops and stores were landed at what is now the foot of Court avenue, and the Captain re- turned in the steamer to Fort Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time they too arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Rac- coon Fork, at its confluence with the Des Moines, and named "Fort Des Moines." Soon after the arrival of the troops, a trad- ing-post was established on the east side of the river by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Ben- jamin Bryant, J. B. Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kin- zie, Alexander Turner, Peter Newcomer and others. PIONEER LIFE. Most of the early settlers of Iowa came from older States, as Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio, where their prospects for even a competency were very poor. They found those States good — to emigrate from. Their entire stock of furniture, implements and family necessities were easily stored in one wagon, and sometimes a cart was their only vehicle. After arriving and selecting a suitable location, the next thing to do was to build a log cabin, a description of which may be interesting to many of our younger readers, as in some sections these old-time struct- ures are no more to be seen. Trees of uniform size were chosen and cut into logs of the desired length, generally twelve to fifteen feet, and hauled to the spot selected for the future dwelling. On an appointed day the few neighbors who were available would assemble and have a " house-raisinsr." Each end of every log was saddled and notched so that thcj' would lie as close down as possible; the next day the proprietor, would proceed to " chink " and " daub " the cabin, to keep out the rain, wind and cold. The house had to be re-daubed ev- ery fall, as the rains of the intervening time would wash out a great part of the mortar. The usual height of the house was seven or eight feet. The gables were formed by shortening the logs gradually at each end of the building near the top. The roof was made by laying very straight small logs or stout poles suitable distances apart, and on these were laid the clapboards, somewhat like shingling, generally about two and a half feet to the weather. These clapboards were fastened to their place by " weight- poles " corresponding m place with the joists just described, and these again were held in their place by " runs" or " knees " which were chunks of wood about eisfhteen or twenty inches long fitted between them near the ends. Clapboards were made from the nicest oaks in the vicinity, by chopping or sawing them into four-foot blocks and riving these with a frow, which was a simple blade fixed at right angles to :♦. ; :* •'. ;«■■ ;*. '^.*: :♦: « ;♦ >i :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>; ;*:;♦: :♦::♦; »:>: :♦:*•: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦:>: .♦::♦! :♦;:♦; ,*;'♦: .**: :♦;;♦: :♦:»; •»::♦: !♦"♦: ■»;■♦; •♦:.♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; w.v. .>.:♦: :♦>: :♦:;•♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;;«■: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦;:<•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦■: :♦:;♦: 'fi'. <. ;♦:♦; '•*.*'. ;♦:♦; •♦■«■ :♦;.»: ;♦::♦•: :♦:*: !♦: •'•'. *♦; :•»:♦" :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >"♦; :♦;>: >:*: :♦:♦■ '*>: ■• <•; :♦; +: :♦:>; :■♦:;♦■: :♦:♦: :♦,>: .^. ^' :♦■.<•) :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;♦: >;.♦; >;♦; >■ ♦' !♦.♦: >'.♦: !♦■»: >■>: > ♦' :♦+: >:■>; > •■: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦;>:>>:>;>;:*:*;>>>;:»>;>x^;>;:*>;»;>X'«i;-: ♦;:♦::♦::♦;;♦•:♦;>:>■;♦;.♦•:;♦..♦■ is.y.'if.v.'/f.'iiX'ff.fi.^.-. 134 HISTORT OF IOWA. :■»:;♦: :♦;:<»; »;*; :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦; .♦:♦: :«.:♦: >::♦: >!:♦: »: :«:♦: :♦>; »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«♦: :«♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ^^■. :♦:;♦: :«:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: »>: :♦::♦: »>! :♦>: :♦:♦: :♦!:♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; '< :♦::« :<«:« :♦:*• :♦:»: »::♦: :♦::♦: :<•>!•; :«:♦: :♦>: >». :♦!:« :«« :♦;>: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦;:♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦!:♦; :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; »::♦: %»: :♦;*; »::♦: »::«! :♦"♦: :«:♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .<«;♦: {♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :•»::♦: »>: :♦:;»: ;«'♦: ;♦"♦: »;:♦; »:;4>: :♦::♦:* :♦: its handles. This was driven into the blocks of wood b}- a mallet. As the frow was wrenched down through the wood, the latter was turned alternately over from side to side, one end being held b}^ a forked piece of timber. The chimney to the Western pioneer's cabin was made bv leaving: in the original building a large open place in one wall, or by cutting one after the structure was up, and by building on the outside, from the ground up, a stone column, or a column of sticks and mud, the sticks being laid up cob house fashion. The fire-place thus made was often large enough to receive fire- wood six to eight feet long. Sometimes this wood, especially the " back-log," would be nearly as large as a saw-log. The more rapidly the pioneer could burn up the wood in his vicinity the sooner he had his little farm cleared and ready for cultivation. For a window, a piece about two feet long vvafe cut out of one of the wall logs, and the hole closed, sometimes by glass butgener-_ ally with greased paper. Even greased deer- hide was sometimes used. A doorway was cut through one of the walls if a saw was to be had; otherwise the door would be left by shortened logs in the original building. The door was made by pinning clapboards to two or three wood bars, and was hung upon wooden hinges. A wooden latch, with catch, then finished the door, and the latch was raised by any one on the outside by pullmg a leather string. For security at night this latch-string was drawn in, but for friends and neighbors, and even stran- gers, the " latch-string was always hanging out," as a welcome. In the interior over the fire-place would be a shelf called " the mantel," on which stood a candlestick or lamp, some cooking and table ware, possi- bly an old clock, and other articles; in the fire-place would be the crane, sometimes of iron, sometimes of wood; on it the pots were hung for cooking; over the door, in forked cleats, hung the ever-trustful rifle and pow- der-horn; in one corner stood the larger bed for the " old folks," and under it the trundle-bed for the children; in another stood the old-fashioned spinning-wheel, with a smaller one by its side; in another the heavy table, the only table, of course, there was in the house; in the remaining was a rude cupboard holding the tableware, which consisted of a few cups and saucers, and blue-edged plates, standing singly on their edges against the back, to make the display of table-furniture more conspicu- ous; while around the room were scattered a few splint-bottom or Windsor chairs, and two or three stools. These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind and true-hearted people. They were strangers to mock modesty, and the traveler seeking lodging for the night, or desirous of spending a few days in the community, if willing to accept the rude offering, was always welcome, although how they were disposed of at night the reader might not easily imagine; for, as described, a single room was made to answer for kitchen, dining-room, sitting-room, bed-room and parlor, and man}- families consisted of six or eight members. The bed was very often made by fixing a post in the floor about six feet from one wall and four feet from the adjoining wall, and fastening a stick to this post about two feet above the floor, on each of two sides, so that the other end of each of the two sticks could be fastened in the oppo- site wall; clapboards were laid across these, and thus the bed was made complete. Guests were given this bed, while the fam- ily disposed of themselves in another cor- ner of the room or in the loft. When several guests were on hand at once they were sometimes kept over night in the fol- lowing manner: When bedtime came the men were requested to step out of doors while the women spread out a broad bed ^"♦"♦::«>::ccc4::*:>::c«::cc4::<»;:<»:;4::c4':.4::c«:;«:4::c::cccc«::« >;»; >.;♦; :♦::♦! »: >::♦: :♦;:« ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :*;:♦: »: :♦;:♦: :■*!:♦: »: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦. >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :«"♦: :»::♦; :♦::«; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:.^: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ■♦;»; :♦:;♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :«:«': :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: >':♦: W- :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦! :♦::♦: :«::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :<•:♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦; :«:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ;«;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .. .:♦::♦; ;*«« ■♦•♦♦: Hisrojir OF /oil A. :♦ •*: ;♦;.♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: •»:♦; :♦;;♦: *>: :♦;:♦: ;«:>; ;♦:.♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;*: j^* .♦:;♦: !♦:>; :♦::♦: *:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:.*: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :v .«■: >'♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: j^* :♦::♦: :♦;.*: :♦:* :♦;;♦; :♦:>: ;♦:;♦: ^?^ ?^^ :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;♦; ■♦:;♦• :♦:♦: :♦;♦: >;♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; >;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;.♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;«- :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: >;♦: :♦;.♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;■»: »;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :•♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >'♦; >::♦; :♦:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦>: "35 upon the mid floor, and put themselves to bed in the center; the signal was given, and the men came in and each husband took his place in bed next his own wife, and single men outside beyond them again. They were generally so crowded that they had to lie " spoon " fashion, and whenever anyone wished to turn over he would say " spoon," and the whole company of sleep- ers would turn over at once. This was the only way the}' could all keep in bed. To witness the various processes of cook- ing in those days would alike surprise and amuse those who have grown up since cooking stoves and ranges came into use. Kettles were hung over the large fire, sus- pended with pot-hooks, iron or wooden, on the crane, or on poles, one end of which would rest upon a chain. The long-hand- led frying pan was used for cooking meat. It was either held over the blaze by hand or set down upon coals drawn out upon the hearth. This pan was also used for baking pancakes, also call flapjacks, batter- cakes, etc. A better article for this, how- ever, was the cast-iron spider, or Dutch skillet. The best thing for baking bread in those days, and possibly even in these latter days, was the flat-bottomed bake kettle, of greater depth, with closely fitting cast-iron cover, and commonly known as the Dutch oven. With coals over and under it, bread and biscuits would be quickly and nicely baked. Turkey and spare-ribs were sometimes roasted before the fire, sus- pended by a string, a dish being placed underneath to catch the drippings. Homin}' and samp were very much used. The hominy, however, was generally hulled corn — boiled corn from which the hull or bran had been taken by hot lye, hence sometimes called lye hominy. True hom- iny and samp were made of pounded corn. A popular method of making this, as well as real meal for bread, was to cut out or burn a large hole in the top of a huge stump, in the shape of a mortar, and pound- ing the corn in this by a maul or beetle suspended by a swing pole like a well- sweep. This and the wellsweep consisted of a pole twenty to thirty feet long fixed in an upright fork so that it could be worked " teeter" fashion. It was a rapid and sim- ple way of drawing water. When the samp was sufficiently poimded it was taken out, the bran floated off, and the delicious grain boiled like rice. The chief articles of diet in an early day- were corn bread, hominy or samp, venison, pork, hone}', pumpkin (dried pumpkin for more than half the year), turkey, prairie chicken, squirrel and some other game, with a few additional vegetables a portion of the year. Wheat bread, tea, coffee and fruit were luxuries not to be indulged in except on special occasions, as when visit- ors were present. Besides cooking in the manner described, the women had many other arduous duties to perform, one of the chief of which was spinning. The big wheel was used for spinning yarn and the little wheel for spin- ning flax. These stringed instruments fur- nished the principal music for the family, and were operated by our mothers and grandmothers with great skill, attained without pecuniary expense, and with far less practice than is necessary for the girls of our period to acquire a skillful use of their costly and elegant instruments. But those wheels, indispensable a few years ago, are all now superseded by the mighty fac- tories which overspread the country, fur- nishing cloth of all kinds at an expense ten times less than wcnild be incurred now by the old system. The traveler always found a welcome at the pioneer's cabin. It was never full. Although there might be already a guest for every piuicheon, there was still " room for one more," and a wider circle would be made for the new-comer at the big fire. If >.♦: ;■♦:♦: ;♦ .♦: '.V :■♦, ;< . ♦' >,».>:>^>>>:;ccC'«;:crc:>:>;:*>;;^^ •f'lf :4:>:5S>: :♦: :♦: :♦: V >' A 'a' 'a' 'd: A' *>' -^ 1^,6 HISTORY OF IOWA. >:;« :♦::♦; ;♦:>; >::♦; ;♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :<«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«:♦: »: :»:':»: !♦::♦: :*:♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;>: »::♦: :♦;:♦! :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::•« :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::••! :♦::♦: »: »>: :♦:»: :♦>: :♦:% :♦::♦: >::♦: :<>:♦: :«:♦: :«:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: »::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: >!:♦: >;:♦; :«:»: »::« »;:♦: »::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: :•»>: :«:»: »::« :♦:;♦: >:»: :♦::♦: :«;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »::« :♦:;♦: :«::♦: ;♦:>: :«:«: ;♦::♦: the stranger was in search of land, he was doubly welcome, and his host would vol- unteer to show him all the " first rate claims in this neck of the woods," going with him for da3-s, showing the corners and advan- tages of every " Congress tract " within a dozen miles of his own cabin. To his neighbors the pioneer was equall)- liberal. If a deer was killed, the choicest bits were sent to his nearest neighbor, a half-dozen miles awa}' perhaps. When a pig was butchered, the same custom pre- vailed. If a new-comer came in too late for " cropping," the neighbors would sup- ply his table with just the same luxuries they themselves enjoyed, and in as liberal quantity, until a crop could be raised. When a new-comer had located his claim, the neighbors for miles around would assemble at the site of the proposed cabin and aid himin " gittm " it up. One party with axes would cut down the trees and hew the logs; another with teams would haul the logs to the ground; another party would " raise " the cabin; while several of the old men would rive the clap-boards for the roof. By night the little forest domicile would be up and ready for a " house-warming," which was the dedica- tor}' occupation of the house, when music and dancing and festivity would be enjoyed at full height. The next day the new-comer would be as well situated as his neighbors. An instance of primitive hospitable man- ners will be in place here. A traveling Methodist preacher arrived in a distant neighborhood to fill an appointment. The house where services were to be held did not belong to a church member, but no matter for that. Boards were collected from all quarters with which to make temporary seats, one of the neighbors volunteering to lead 06 in the work, while the man of the house, with the faithful rifle on his shoulder, sallied forth in quest of meat, for this truly was a " ground hog " case, the preacher coming and no meat in the house. The host ceased not to chase until he found the meat, in the shape of a deer; returning he sent a boy out after it, with directions on what " pint " to find it. After services, which had been listened to with rapt atten- tion by all the audience, mine host said to his wife, " Old woman, I reckon this 'ere preacher is pretty hungry and you must git him a bite to eat." " What shall I get him ? " asked the wife, who had not seen the deer, " thar's nuthen in the house to eat." " Why, look thar," returned he, " thar's a deer, and thar's jilenty of corn in the field; \'ou git some corn and grate it while I skin the deer, and we'll have a good supper for him." It is needless to add that venison and corn bread made a sup- per fit for any pioneer preacher, and was thankfully eaten. Fires set out by Indians or settlers some- times purposely and sometimes permitted through carelessness, would visit the prai- rie every autumn, and sometimes the for- ests, either in autumn or spring, and settlers could not always succeed in defending themselves against the destro)ang element. Many interesting incidents are related. Often a fire was started to bewilder game, or to bare a piece of ground for the early grazing of stock the ensuing spring, and it would get away under a wind and soon be bevond control. Violent winds would often arise and drive the flames with such rapidity that riders on the fleetest steeds could scarceh' escape. On the ajjproach of a prairie fire the larmer would immedi- ately set about "cutting off supplies" for the devouring enemy by a " back fire." Thus by starting a small fire near the bare ground about his premises, and keeping it under control next his property, he would burn off a strip around him and prevent the attack of the on-coming flames. A few furrows or a ditch around the farm were in some degrees a protection. I- ♦' ♦ ♦ ♦ *■ ♦ • •"♦:>;:*xc*;j»»;»;* *■ * * '>' ■*' •*■ ■•" *■ ■*' *■ •* » *•■ *■ *■ -' ^ * * *■ * * •» ■* * » - *>;'*;*;3t!Kjii>.* * >::-^ :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: >:>; >::♦: >::♦; >;>; :♦:••> :♦;:♦; :-»::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: >::♦: *::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦ :■«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦!;♦: »: :♦;:♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::<•) :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦;;« :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: *;;■♦! :♦::«: ;♦:>: :♦;:« >::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :«:♦: :♦:»; :«»: >:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: »::♦: !»::« [♦:>: :♦;:♦: :•«!:♦; »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::*: ;-*:»: !•::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;« :♦:.« :♦::♦: .♦:.♦; * <>;>; >::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: »::«; ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »::♦: >:;♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >•:♦; >:>: >::♦: ;♦;:♦: >::♦: >:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦":»: !•::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦; :♦:;* :♦::♦: >;* >:>•; :♦:»; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >■>: >::♦: >.:♦: ;♦.:♦: :*:.♦: m :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦; >::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:':»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:•♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: W.'/H. :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦>: mSTORV OF IOWA. m An original prairie of tall and exuberant grass on fire, especially at night, was a mag- nificent spectacle, enjoyed only by the pioneer. Here is an instance where the frontiersman, proverbially deprived of tlie sights and pleasures of an old community, is privileged far beyond the people of the present day in this countrv. One coukl scared}' tire of beholding the scene, as its awe-inspiring features seemed constantly to increase, and the whole panorama unceas- ingly changed like the dissolving views of a magic lantern, or like the aurora borealis. Language cannot convey, words cannot express, the faintest idea of the splendor and grandeur of such a conflagration at night. It was as if the pale queen of night, disdaining to take her accustomed place in the heavens, had dispatched myriads upon myriads of messengers to light their torches at the altar of the setting sun until all had flashed into one long and continuous blaze. One instance has been described as follows: " Soon the fires began to kindle wider and rise higher from the long grass; the gentle breeze increased to stronger currents, and soon formed the small, flickering blaze into fierce torrent flames, which curled up and leaped along in resistless splendor; and like quickly raising the dark curtain from the luminous stage, the scenes before me were suddenl}- changed, as if by a magi- cian's wand, into one boundless amphithea- ter, blazing from earth to heaven and sweeping the horizon round, — columns of lurid flames sportively mounting up to the zenith, and dark clouds of crimson smoke curling away and aloft till the)' nearly ob- scured stars and moon, while the rushing, crashing sounds, like roaring cataracts, mingled with distant thunders, were almost deafening; danger, death, glared all around; it screamed for victims; yet, notwithstand- ing the imminent peril of prairie fires, one is loth, irresolute, almost unable to with- draw or seek refuge. LOUISIANA TERRITORY. As before mentioned, although De Soto, a Spaniard, first took possession of the Mis- sissippi Valle}- for his Government, Spain did not establish her title to it by following up the proclamation with immediate settle- ments, and the country fell into the hands of France, bv whose agent it was named " Louisiana." By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions in Hudson's Bay, Newf(jundland and Nova Scotia, but retained Canada and Louisiana. In 1711 this province was placed in the hands of a governor-general, with headquarters at Mobile, for the purpose of applying a new policy for the settlement and development of the country. The very next year ano- ther change was made, placing all this ter- ritory in the hands of Anthony Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, but this scheme also failed, as Spain continued to obstruct the efforts of any Frenchman to establish trade, by closing the ports against him. In 17 1 7 John Law appeared on the scene with his famous " Mississippi Company," as the Louisiana branch of the Bank of France; and as his roseate scheme promised to do much in raising crippled France upon a surer footing, extended powers and privi- leges were granted him. He was to be practically a viceroy, and the life of his charter was fixed at lwent3'-five years. But in 1720, when the " Mississippi bubble" was at the height of its splendor, it suddenly collapsed, leaving the mother country in a far worse condition than before. Heretofore Louisiana had been a sub- ordinate dependence, under the jurisdiction of the Governor-General of Canada. Early in 1723 the province of Louisiana was erected into an independent Government, and it was divided into nine districts, for civil and military purposes. Characteristic of human nature, the peo- ple were more excited witli prospects of :♦::♦: >!>: :♦;;♦: 'SCfr. :♦:;« >;>: »::« .<»:>: W: >;:♦: :♦>; >;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::*: >:;♦: >!* :♦>; :♦,;♦; ;♦:>: »:>; ;♦;:♦; >::♦•; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦,;♦; :♦;>; :♦*: :♦:>: ;♦:>; >::♦: '♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; >::♦; ;** ;<•"•> ;«;:■<■: ]*>: :♦:•«■: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦.♦: :♦.:♦: :•♦::♦: >::♦; »::♦; !«•:♦; ;■♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;«•: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;♦: >:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦':♦' :♦::♦: :♦,:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: >:;♦: > >! y* !*" :<-♦: :♦:.♦: :♦':«■; :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: >"♦:>;:♦; :«!»: :«:« , »::♦: :♦:»: :•»::♦: :♦>: :♦::■»: »:;♦: »>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: Kf- :«;♦: :♦;:♦: :«;« :♦:*: :♦:»: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦: :<*::♦: :♦>: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: ->::♦:: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »;;♦: »::♦: >"'•; :♦:•■ :♦:;♦: ;♦:»■ :♦:;*; :♦:>; :♦'♦; ;♦::*; ;**) :♦:>: :♦;.♦; :♦:>; >;.♦; i** ♦:♦: :♦:!« :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦":♦: :♦;♦: :♦:♦: *:♦: :♦'*: >:♦: :♦:»: >:*; ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :«:.^: ;♦;:♦; :♦"♦: k* '♦!!♦: ?►;•♦■ >38 HISTORY OF IOWA. i finding enormous wealth ready at hand, if they should continue to scour the countr}-, which they did in places as far west as the Rocky Mountains, to the neglect of their agricultural and domestic interests. A habit of roaming became fixed. At the same time their exposed condition was a constant temptation to Indian rapine, and the Nat- chez tribe in 1723 made a general assault upon the whites. At first they were re- pulsed, but about five years afterward, aided by the Chickasaws and others, they fell upon the French village of St. Catha- rine and massacred the whole male popu- lation. Two soldiers, who happened to be in the woods, alone escaped to New Or- leans, to bear the news. The colonies on the Yazoo and the Washita suffered the same fate. Maddened b}- these outrages, the whites turned upon the Natchez and in the course of three years exterminated them. They were probably the most in- telligent tribe of Indians north of Mexico. During the fifteen years from 17 17 to 1732 the province increased in population from 700 to 5,000, and in prosperity to a wonderful degree. It remained under royal governors until 1764, the end of the French dominion. Most of this time the Indians were troublesome, and in 1754 began the long "French and Indian war" with Eng- land, which resulted in favor of the latter, that Government obtaining all of New France, Canada, and the eastern half of Louisiana. This province did not suffer by being the scene of battle, but did suffer a great deal from a flood of irredeemable paper money. In the meantime the western portion, or residue, of this province was secretly promised to Spain ; but before either of the foreign powers had opportu- nity to rejoice long in their western posses- sions, a new power on earth, the United States, took independent possession of all the country except Louisiana and Florida, During which it has maintained ever since. the seventy years of French control the province of Louisiana increased in popula- tion from a few destitute fishermen to a flourishing colony of 13,540. St. Louis, Missouri, was started in 1764. Don O'Reilly, the new Governor of Loui- siana in 1764, ruled with a despotic hand, yet for the general advantage of the peo- ple. His successor, Don Antonio Maria Bucarelly, was mild, and he was succeeded January i, 1777, b}' Don Bernard de Gal- vez, who was the last Governor. He sym- pathized with American independence. The British, with 140 troops and 1,400 Indians, invaded Upper Louisiana from the north by way of the Straits of Mackinaw, and in- vested St. Louis, Missouri, in 17S0, but were driven off. When the Indians saw that they were led to fight " Americans" as well as Spaniards, they found that the}' had been deceived, and withdrew from the British army, and thus General George R. Clark, in behalf of the Americans, easily defended St. Louis, and also all the new settlements in this western countrj'. After the Revolutionary war the country began again to prosper. Governor Galvez, by a census, ascertained that Louisiana had in 1785 a population of about 33,000, exclu- sive of Indians. In the summer of the latter 3'ear Don Estavan Miro became Governor /ro tern, of the Spanish possessions in this country, and was afterward confirmed as such by the king. During his administration a vain attempt was made by the Catholics to establish the inquisition at New Orleans. He was succeeded in 1792 by Baron de Carondelet, and during his term the Spanish colonies grew so rapidly that their Govern- ment became jealous of the United States and sought to exclude all interference from them in domestic affairs ; but all efforts in this direction were ended in 1795 by the treaty of Madrid, which, after some delay and trouble, was fully carried out in 1798. .<■' ♦; :♦::♦; ;'•;;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: !♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;>: :♦:<•■; :♦;;♦; >;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: H* :♦.:« 'fCif. :♦;:♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;>: :♦.:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦:>: :♦:>: m :«::♦: ;«;* :♦::♦: :♦">: Wi :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :<«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«.;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦. :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*;♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::«>: %:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«>: >::♦: ;**« :♦>:.♦; HisTonr OF IOWA. '39 .♦♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »::« :♦::♦; »>: :♦:;♦: :♦>; :♦:;* :♦:»: :♦;:« :♦:»: !»"♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: .«;« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"'»: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦>: >"♦: :♦:.>: :♦;>►: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: >;>: >!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: >"♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::"♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: >:;♦: ;♦;;♦: Wi. .♦:>: :♦;:♦; ■♦-♦::♦: ♦;*:; Under the leadership of Livingston and Monroe, the United States Government, after various propositions had been dis- cussed by the respective powers, succeeded in effecting, in 1803, a purchase of the w^hole of Louisiana from France for $11,250,000, and all this countr)- west of the great river consisted of the "Territory of Orleans" (now the State of Louisiana) and the " Dis- trict of Louisiana " (now the States of Ar- kansas, Missouri and Iowa, and westward indefinitely). The latter was annexed to the Territor}' of Indiana for one year, and in 1805 it was erected into a separate Terri- tory, of the second class, the legislative power being vested in the Governor and judges. Before the close of the year it was made a Territory of the first class, under the name of the " Territory of Louisiana," the Government being administered by the Governor and judges. The first Governor wasjames Wilkinson, and he was succeeded near the close of 1806 by Colonel Meri- weather Lewis, the seat of Government be- ing at St. Louis ; and during his adminis- tration the Territory was divided into six judicial districts or large counties — St. Charles, St. Louis, St. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, New Madrid and Arkansas. In 18 10 the population of Louisiana Territory was 21,000, five-sevenths of whom were in Arkansas. In 1812 the State of Louisiana was ad- mitted into the Union, and then it was deemed expedient to change the name of the Territory. It was accordingly given the name of " Missouri Territory," which it retained until the admission of the State of Missouri in 1821. IOWA TERRITORY. Although the " Northwestern Territory" — carved out of Virginia and now divided into the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, xMichigan and Wisconsin — never included Iowa, this State was in 1834 incorporated IS into the "Territory of Michigan," and thus became subject to the ordinance of 1787; and two years later it was made a part of " Wisconsin Territory," and two years still later, in 1838, the "Territory of Iowa" was formed independently, with sixteen counties and a population of 23,000. In 1833, 'It Dubuque, a postofBce was established, and some time prior to 1834 one or two justices of the peace had been appointed. In 1834 the Territorial Legis- lature of Michigan created two counties west of the Mississippi — Dubuque and Des Moines — separated by a line drawn west- ward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were partially organized. John King was appointed " Chief Justice" of Du- buque County, and Isaac Lefifler, of Bur- lington, of Des Moines County. Two associate justices in each county were ap- pointed by the Governor. In October, 1835, General George W. Jones, of Du- buque, was elected a delegate to Congress. April 20, 1836, through the efforts of Gen- eral Jones, Congress passed a bill creating the Territor}' of Wisconsin, which went into operation July 4, that year. Iowa was then included in that Territory, of which General Henry Dodge was appointed Gov- ernor. The census of 1836 showed a popu- lation in Iowa of 10,531, of which 6,257 were in Des Moines County and 4,274 in Dubuque County. Ths first Legislature assembled at Bel- mont, Wisconsin, October 25, 1836; the second at Burlington, Iowa, November g, 1837 ; and the third, also at the latter place, June I, 1838. As early as 1837 the people of Iowa be- gan to petition Congress for a separate Territorial organization, which was granted June 12 following. Ex-Governor Lucas, of Ohio, was appointed by President Van Bu- ien to be the first Governor of the new Territory. Immediatcl}- upon his arrival he issued a proclamation for the election of :>::*::«:*!i!:*::«!*::«*:K*>::*>>:»:*:r*:*"*:c*"«.*,:«:*" ,..,,^.,,,,,,,,,^ , * :'♦: >!.>: :*>; *?? :♦::♦: »:♦: :♦:♦: :♦"♦: »: :■••:♦: »::♦: :♦;:'<:' :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: >!:«! dw. :♦;:♦: ^S :♦;:«! :♦::♦: ♦« :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦« :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: ;♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦::<•: :♦;:♦; :♦;>: :<«':♦: :♦:>: :«:>: ;♦;:♦: :♦::«': :«■•« :♦::«! :♦;:♦; »::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::«$ :♦:;« :♦:;♦: .!»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;« :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦:;*: :♦:.« :♦::« :♦::«■: :♦::♦: :♦::« »:>: :«:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: ;♦;:♦: :•*::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.* 140 HISTORT OF IOWA. ♦;;♦: >:>: :■>::♦; ♦;;♦; >• ♦: .:.:*: ->;■»: :■•':■>! <•! *' '"-■ >' ■«:♦: »'♦: >>; '■>"♦; :<•:>; ;♦::* :♦:♦; :♦:;♦: •♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::«! :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: '^:)f. ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«"♦: :♦;•« :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: !»::♦; ;♦;■»; :♦:•»; ;♦:'♦: ;♦::« >;*; :♦:;♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦"♦; :♦"« >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:*; :♦::♦; :♦:♦: >;♦; >^^ :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >::♦: >:;♦; >::♦; >"♦; »: y*: :♦.:♦: :♦:>; >]>; >■» !♦]♦; ;♦:♦; >:.♦: *♦; »; members of the first Territorial Legislature, to take place September 10. The following were elected : Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen Hempstead. House. — Wm. Patterson, Hawkins Tay- lor, Calvin J. Price, James Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler, Asbury Toole, Robert Wm. G. Coop, H. Wallace, B. Porter, John Frierson, Wm. L. Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, G. Roberts, Laurel Summers, Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chaunce}' Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas Cox and Har- din Nowlin. At the session of the above Legislature Wm. W. Chapman was elected delegate to Congress. As the latter body had given the Governor unlimited veto power, and as Governor Lucas was disposed to exer- cise it arbitraril)-, the independent " Hawk- eyes " grew impatient under his administra- tion, and, after having a stormy session for a time, they had Congress to limit the veto power. Great excitement also prevailed, both in the Legislature and among the people, concerning the question of the loca- tion of the seat of Government for the State. As they knew nothing concerning the great future development and extent of the State, they had no correct idea where the geographical center would or should be. The Black Hawk purchase, which was that strip of land next the Mississippi, in the southeastern part of the State, was the full extent and horizon of their idea of the new commonwealth. Hence they thought first only of Burlington or Mount Pleasant as the capital. Indeed, at that time, the Indians had possession of the rest of Iowa. But a few of the more shrewd foresaw that a more central location would soon be further to the north at least, if not west, and a point in Johnson County was ulti- mately decided upon. Commissioners, appointed by the Gov- ernor, selected the exact site, laid out a sec- tion of land into a town, sold lots and proceeded to erect the public buildings. The capitol was commenced in 1840 and Iowa City became thenceforward the capi- tal of the State. The fourth Legislative Assembly met at this place December 6, 1 841, but not in the new capitol building, as it was not yet ready. Being somewhat difficult to raise the necessary funds, the building was not completed for several years. The early Territorial Legislatures of Iowa laid the foundation for a very just and liberal Government, far in advance of what had ever been done before by any State. About this time a conflict arose between this Territor)- and Missouri concerning the boundary line between them. There was a difference of a strip eight or ten miles wide, extending from the Mississippi to the Missouri rivers, which each claimed. Mis- souri officers, attempting to collect taxes within the disputed territor}^ were arrested and confined in jail by Iowa sheriffs, and the respective Governors called out the militia, preparing for bloodshed. About 1,200 Iowa men enlisted, and 500 were act- ually armed and encamped in Van Burcn County, ready to defend their Territory, when three prominent and able men were sent to Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the county commissioners of Clark County, Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, and that Governor Boggs had dispatched messen- gers to the Governor of Iowa proposing to submit an agreed case to the Supreme >,♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«■: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :•«:■♦; :<;:♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; .♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •♦::♦: .*:*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦":♦: >::♦■; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'fi.fi. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: [♦::♦: :♦:.*: :♦::♦: !»:;♦: *::♦: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: !♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: !♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >!♦! :♦;* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:♦: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::* ;♦:>: :♦;♦: :♦;:♦: W: :♦:;♦: ;♦:♦' :♦:♦: »: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >:» :♦:'♦; >■ .♦: >;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; >:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:♦] '* * .>•¥:♦"♦:»"♦::♦:;♦::♦"♦::♦::♦"♦"♦:*:♦:;♦;:♦:*::♦:*/*:♦:!♦">>:>■l:♦v♦>:♦^*.* >..♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦"♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >':< :♦":♦: »::♦; :«;:♦: :♦:;♦; :-»::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; >:>: :♦::♦: >::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::« :«:;♦: >::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;>: :♦.:♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦:»; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: w:m :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦,;♦: »»:>: :«;♦;:♦: HrsTour OF iowa. 141 Court of the United States for the settle- ment of the boundary question. This prop- osition was declined; but afterward, upon petition of Iowa and Missouri, Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy. The suit was duly instituted, and resulted in the decision that Iowa had only asserted " the truth of history," and she knew where the rapids of the Dcs Moines River were located. Thus ended the Missouri war. " There was much good sense," sa3'^s Hon. C. C. Nourse, " in the basis upon which peace was secured, to-wit: ' If Missourians did not know where the rapids of the river Des Moines were located, that was no suffi- cient reason for killing them off with powder and lead; and if we did kntiw a little more of history and geography than they did we ought not to be shot for our learning. We commend our mutual forbearance to older and greater people.' " Under an order from the Supreme Court of the United States commissioners surveyed and estab- lished the boundary. The e.xpenses of the war, on the part of Iowa, were never paid, either by the United States or the Territo- rial Government. STATE ORGANIZATION AND SUBSEQUENT HISTORY. The population having become, by the year 1844, sufficient to justify the formation of a State Government, the Territorial Leg- islature of Iowa passed an act, approved February 12, that year, submitting to the people the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for the election of delegates to a convention to be called together for that purpose. The people voted upon this at their township elections in the following April, giving the measure a large majority. The elected delegates assembled in convention at Iowa City, October 7, 1844, and completed their work by November i. Hon. Shepherd Leffler, the President of this convention, :>:*:»:>:»rc»:»>::c*;:*>>>>:» >;>:♦:;♦;♦;;♦:♦>♦♦♦ >^ .♦..♦..♦..♦.>;>;;*;>;>r*;>::*::;;*;>;;«;;c*:«i>;:»;>;:cfi>;:c»;;* was instructed to transact a certified copy of the proposed Constitution to the Dele- gate in Congress, to be submitted by him to that bod)' at the earliest practicable day. It also provided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. The Constitution, as thus prepared, fixed the boundaries of the State very differently from what were finally agreed upon. May 4, 1846, a second convention met at Iowa City, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution, prescribing the boundaries as they now are, was adopted. This was accepted by the people, August 3, by a vote of 9,492 to 9,036. The new Constitution was approved by Congress, and Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American Union, December 28, 1846. The people of the State, antici- pating favorable action by Congress, held an election for State officers October 26 which resulted in Ansel Briggs being de- clared Governor; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secre- tary of State; Joseph T. Fales, Auditor; Morgan Reno, Treasurer; and members of the Senate and House of Representatives. The act of Congress which admitted Iowa gave her the i6th section of every township of land in the State, or its equiv- alent, for the support of schools; also seventy-two sections of land for the pur- pose of a university; also five sections of land for the completion of her public build- ings; also the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve in number, with sec- tions of land adjoining each; also, in con- sideration that her public lands should be exempt from taxation by the State, she gave to the State five per cent, of the net proceeds of the sale of public lands within the State. Thus provided for as a bride with her marriage portion, Iowa com- ♦;;♦;:<♦;:♦:;♦;:♦;:♦;>>;:♦;:♦;:♦;;♦:*>:;♦;;♦.'♦;;♦;;♦"♦;>;:♦;:♦;.♦ .*.♦. >>: :♦>: >v, :<•:♦: >:>: >::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦!>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: >:>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: >;:■•■; :♦::*: :♦::♦; >;:♦; >;;■♦■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :■*::♦: >:;♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ».:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: *:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; :■»:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: :*:♦; :♦;;♦: :«:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::«. >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:•: :♦;♦: :^:>; ;<•♦! :♦;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::«: :*:'♦: :•»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦• :♦::♦: :♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :•>:♦: 142 HISTORY OF IOWA. :♦:•♦; >::*; :♦::♦; *:♦; »:<•; »;:•«• ;♦.:♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦::* »•;>, !»:;*■; ;♦;;*: ;■*■;♦: ?><;*■ >::♦: s*; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; «.*; »!:♦: »;:♦: :♦:>: >"♦; :♦::♦: :•♦•;<• *>: :♦::♦: :♦•:.■*■: :♦;>: :♦:>: :♦::♦; >"«•: »:>: *:♦: ».:■•: :♦:;♦: '*:;*: :♦;:♦; :♦::<►: ;♦;■»; :♦:;♦; :♦;>; :♦::♦: >::«•; *;♦: »;>: ;♦.:♦: >;:♦: »::♦: •♦;:♦; :♦>; :♦;,♦: !♦:>: :♦:>; :♦;:♦; '*:*: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *;*; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; »;:♦; >;■* ;♦;:♦; ;♦;■* :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:>: :♦:■»; :♦:>; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:'♦: menced " housekeeping " upon her own account. A majority of the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1846 were of the Democratic party; and the instrument contains some of the peculiar tenets of the party at that day. All banks of issue were prohibited within the State. The State was prohibited from becoming a stockholder in any corporation for pecuniary profit, and the General As- sembly could only provide for private cor- porations by general statutes. The Consti- tution also limited the State's indebtedness to $100,000. It required the General As- sembly to provide public schools through- out the State for at least three months in the year. Six months' previous residence of any white male citizen of the United States constituted him an elector. At the time of organization as a State, Iowa had a population of 1 16,651, as appears b}^ the census of 1847. There were twent}'- seven organized counties in the State, and the settlements were rapidly pushing to- ward the Missouri River. The first General Assembly was com- posed of nineteen Senators and fort}- Rep- resentatives. It assembled at Iowa Cit}', November 30,1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. The most important business transacted was the passage of a bill authorizing a loan of $50,000 for means to run the State Gov- ernment and pay the expenses of the Con- stitutional conventions. The great excite- ment of the session, however, was the attempt to choose United States Senators. The Whigs had a majority of two in the House, and the Democrats a majority of one in the Senate. After lepeated attempts to control these majorities for caucus nom- inees and frequent sessions of a joint con- vention for purposes of an election, the attempt was abandoned. A school law was passed at this session for the organization of public schools in the State. At the first session also arose the ques- tion of the re-location of the capital. The western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward the eastern and southern boundary of the State; this was conceded. Congress had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location of the seat of Government, involving to some extent the location of the State University, which had alread}' been discussed. This bill gave rise to much discussion and parliamentary ma- neuvering, almost purel}' sectional in its character. It provided for the appointment of three commissioners, who were author- ized to make a location as near the geo- graphical center of the State as a healthy and eligible site could be obtained; to select the five sections of land donated by Con- gress; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the land so se- lected, etc. Soon after, by " An act to locate and establish a State University," approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, together with ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General Ass(;mbly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law. When the report of the commissioners, showing their financial operations, had been read in the House of Representa- tives, at the next session, and while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select committee of five, with instructions to report " liow much of said city of Mon- roe was under water, and how much was burned." The report was referred with- out the instructions, but Monroe City never became the seat of Government. By an ;♦>; >:♦■: :<•:>: '* ': ;»:.vi :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: >:>: :♦:.♦: :♦>>: :*•.♦! :»;>; :♦::♦: ■*■;>; :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;»: :♦;:♦: :♦:>; ;«::*; >!*; :■>:>: >!■■> >':• :♦♦: ■•»■«■ :♦;>; >;■*: ;♦;:*; ;♦:;♦; :♦:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:*: :♦:>: >;■«■ '•V '. .' ;♦:,.- >. • :♦:>: :♦::♦: .*;>- >:♦ •»;,<• !♦:;■■"■ >]■--. ;♦:;'. :♦:;<. :♦;> :♦:>: :♦::♦ >;:^ ; '♦ < ;♦:»' :♦;:■■■ :♦:>, :♦::«: >;> :♦;>: :♦:*: » :♦. - >:< >:>: >!^ >:.♦ >: ;■. :* - >: ^' :♦: .- IIISTORT OF IOWA. '43 ;♦;.♦: :♦::♦' :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦. :♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;•»; :♦;;♦: :<>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;«! :♦;»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: 'it .a. v.v. :♦::♦: •♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :••"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :«:.♦: w.v. :♦"♦; :♦:.*: ■•::♦: :♦:<»: •♦•:♦: !»::♦: :♦;:♦; w.m :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:•♦; :*♦: :♦::♦: !♦:•»; ;♦;•♦; »; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :■♦:;♦; >::«: :♦::♦: ■»:;♦: >:;♦: i** .♦:>: :♦:>: >;;♦; :♦::♦; :*:■♦; act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been made was re- pealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid bv purchasers of lots being re- funded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of Government at Iowa City, and precluded for the time the occupation of the building and grounds by the University. After the adjournment of the first Gen- eral Assembly, the Governor appointed Joseph Williams, Chief Justice, and George Green and John F. Kinney, Judges of the Supreme Court. They were afterward elected by the second General Assembly, and constituted the Supreme Court until 1855, with the exception that Kinney re- signed in Januar)-, 1854, and J. C. Hall, of Burlington, was appointed in his place. At this session Charles Mason, William G. Woodward and Stephen Hempstead were appointed commissioners to prepare a code of laws for the State. Their work was finished in 1850 and was adopted by the General Assembly. This "code" con- tained among other provisions a code of civil practice, superseding the old common- law forms of actions and writs, and it was admirable for its simplicity and method. It remained in force until 1863, when it was superseded by the more complicated and metaphysical system of the revision of that year. The first Representatives in Congress were S. Clinton Hastings, of Muscatine, and Shepherd Leffler, of Des Moines County. The second General Assembly "elected to the United States Senate Au- gustus Cassar Dodge and George W.Jones. The State government, after the first ses- sion, was under the control of Democratic administrations till 1855. The electoral vote of the State was cast for Lewis Cass in 1848, and for Franklin Pierce in 1852. The popu- lar vote shows that the Free-Soil element of the State during this period very nearly held the balance of power, and that up to 1854 it acted in the State elections to some extent with the Democratic party. In 1858 Lewis Cass received 12,093 votes, Zachary Taylor 11,034, and Martin Van Buren, the Free-Soil candidate, 1,226 votes, being 167 less than a majority for Cass. In 1852 Pierce received 17,762 votes, Scott 15,855, and Hale, Free-Soil, 1,606, being for Pierce 301 votes more than a majority. The question of the permanent location of the seat of government was not settled, and in 1S51 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to Pella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of order- ing it to its third reading. At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and on first vote was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more successful, and January 15, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appointment of commissioners, was approved by Governor Grimes. The site was selected in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An asso- ciation of citizens erected a building for a temporar}' capitol, and leased it to the State at a nominal rent. The passage by Congress of the act or- ganizing the Territories of Kansas and Ne- braska, and the provision it contained abro- gating that portion of the Missouri bill that prohibited slavery and involuntary servi- tude north of 36° 30' was the beginning of a political revolution in the Northern States, and in none was it more marked than in the State of Iowa. Iowa was the " first free child born of the Missouri Compromise," and has always resented the destruction of her foster ])arent. >::« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;■»:♦' :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::* :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :«:« :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦;.*. >;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :•«:« :♦::♦: >"♦: :«;«! :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: .'♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"<•• :«;:« :♦::* :•»:;♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦; w.w. :♦::♦: ;♦:'♦: ;♦:;♦: m :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :«:;»: :■»:>: ;♦:;♦; ;♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; *^ >♦: ■•■■♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: >:* :♦::•; :♦;;♦; >::♦: :♦;♦; >:♦; :«::♦: :♦":♦; ♦;■*::♦>;:♦;;♦>:*;:♦: ♦: :♦; ;♦: :♦; :♦:!»; .♦; .♦; .♦. ♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::»; ;♦;;♦■; :«:♦: :'*;:♦: ■»;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: •♦;:♦: :*:♦: ** :♦>: *>: :♦:>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:*: :♦::♦: :♦:•»: :♦:♦: ?»::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;•»; >;.♦: :♦:>: ■■♦:;♦: ♦:♦: :«•::♦: •♦:>: ;♦:;♦; !»;:♦: ■*;>: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦.:♦: *:♦: .*::♦; :♦:;♦: •♦:*; ••::•»: :•»::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;■♦; :♦::♦: >:*: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::«■ ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ♦:♦: ■■*:>: ■»;>: »♦; !♦!♦: >>: .■>:>: ■*•)*■• ;*■■*: >:>: >;♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: !♦"♦: :♦:>: :«: ♦: >: ♦: :♦:■♦: :♦::♦: >;♦; :♦::♦; !♦:>; >::♦: :♦:♦: >:♦; »: :♦::♦; »:♦; :♦:♦; :♦;;♦; >;>: [♦:♦: ;«:♦; >::♦; >!♦; :♦:;♦: !♦:>: ':*'.*■'. '44 HI SI OUT OF IOWA. The year 1856 marked a new era in the his- tory of Iowa. In 1854 the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In the same year the corner- stone of a railroad bridge that was to be the first to span the " Father of Waters," was laid with appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enterprise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful effort to prevent its completion. Twentj' years later in her histor}^ St. Louis re- pented her folh% and made atonement for her sin by imitating Iowa's example. Jan- uar)- I, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Mississippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were be- ing extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four other lines of railroads had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, having eastern connections. May 15, 1856, Congress passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the con- struction of railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembl}' was called in Jul}' of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed to com- plete these enterprises. The population of Iowa was now 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a rail- road across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and center of the republic, on the route of this great high- way of the continent, began to attract atten- tion. Cities and towns sprang up through the State as if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been em- ployed in developing the vast coal measures and establishing manufactories, or if it had been expended in improving the lands, and in building houses and barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to eet rich, and the spirit of speculation ruled the hour. In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of the rail- roads. Nearly every county and cit}' on the Mississippi, and many in the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount. Thus enormous county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these mu- nicipalities tried to avoid, upon the plea that the}- had exceeded the constitutional limitation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these bonds to be valid, and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments re- covered upon them. These debts are not all paid, even to this day ; but the worst is over, and the incubus is in the course of ultimate extinction. The most valuable lessons are those learned in the school of experience, and accordingly the corpora- tions of Iowa have ever since been noted for economy. In 1856 the popular vote was as follows: Fremont, 43,954; Buchanan, 36,170, and Fillmore, 9,180. This was 1,296 less than a majority for Fremont. The following year an election was held, after an exciting cam- paign, for State officers, resulting in a ma- jority of 1,406 for Ralph P. Lowe, the Re- publican nominee. The Legislature was largely Republican in both branches. One of the most injurious results to the State, arising from the spirit of speculation prevalent in 1856, was the purchase and entry of great bodies of Government land within the State by non-residents. This land was held for speculation and placed beyond the reach of actual settlers for many years. From no other one cause has Iowa suffered so much as from the short-sighted ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :«:;♦: ;•••:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦:*; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: .♦::♦: :♦;:♦; .*::♦: :♦:>: •»::*: :♦::♦: ■►:■♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *;♦; :♦:>: •♦•; .*::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: •♦::♦: :♦:<>: •♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦•:.♦: >;:♦■: :♦>; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :*:>: :♦::♦; *>: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >':♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦"♦' ■•::♦: !♦:>' >:.*: >;:♦: >■>.' >. ♦' :♦>: >.:♦' >::♦! >■;♦: ••::♦: :«',*: >:.♦: >;:♦: .*.♦. :♦::♦; :♦:■♦: :♦::♦: >:*; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>; •»;;♦; ;♦::♦: ■♦!♦: :♦:♦; >::c*;:«.»;:*;*"c*>:»>::*;»:>::c*::c*>::*rc*»::c*:*»::ccc ♦; >::♦! :♦::«■: >■;♦; :♦:>: :♦::* >:»; :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::«! :♦::« :♦:;♦; ;♦:>: :♦:;« :♦!>: :«::'^ m'M :♦::« :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::«>: :♦;:« :♦:»: >::'« ;♦:>; »:»: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦:;♦: :«■:•« :♦::♦: :«:"♦: :♦:« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: :•••;♦; ;♦:>: :♦;■* :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::■« :♦::♦: :«;« !•::♦: :♦:■* :♦:»: :♦;;« ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«>: :♦::♦: •♦•::«j >::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦.:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:»: :♦;:*: :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦;:♦; :♦.:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :*:♦; :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: ;■*;:♦: :♦::♦: :*♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: * ,♦ .* ,♦ > ♦ .♦ * ♦, ♦ ,♦. .♦. .♦, ,♦ -> •», ♦. ♦. •». ♦, ♦. ♦ ♦ ,». * ♦. ♦.». o, ♦,«■♦♦,♦ t ♦ ^ <> ♦,♦ ♦ o ♦ ♦ , HISTORY OF IOWA. -,♦..♦".♦..♦".♦;:« >4S policy of the Federal Government in selling lands within her borders. The money thus obtained by the Federal Government has been comparatively inconsiderable. The value of this magnificent public do- main to the United States was not in the few thousands of dollars she might exact from the hard}' settlers, or that she might obtain from the speculator who hoped to profit by the settlers' labors in improving the country. Statesmen should have taken a broader and more comprehensive view of national economy, and a view more in har- mony with the divine economy that had prepared these vast fertile plains of the West for the " homes of men and the seats of empire." It was here that new States were to be builded up, that should be the future strength of the nation against foreign invasion or home revolt. A single regi- ment of Iowa soldiers during the dark days of the Rebellion was worth more to the nation than all the money she ever exacted from the toil and sweat of Iowa's early settlers. Could the statesmen of forty years ago have looked forward to this day, when Iowa pays her $1,000,000 annually into the treasury of the nation for the ex- tinction of the national debt, the)' would have realized that the founding of new States was a greater enterprise than the re- tailing of public lands. In January, 1857, another Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City, which framed the present State Constitution. One of the most pressing demands for this con- vention grew out of the prohibition of banks under the old Constitution. The practical result of this prohibition was to flood the State with every species of " wild- cat" currency. The new Constitution made ample pro- visions for home banks under the super- vision of our own laws. The limitation of the State debt was enlarged to $250,000, and the corporate indebtedness of the cities and counties was also limited to 5 per cent, upon the valuation of their taxable property. The judges of the Supreme Court were to be elected by the popular vote. The per- manent seat of government was fixed at Des Moines, and the State University lo- cated at Iowa City. The qualifications of electors remained the same as under the old Constitution, but the schedule provided for a vote of the people upon a separate propo- sition to strike the word " white" out of the suffrage clause, whicli, had it prevailed, would have resulted in conferring the risfht of suffrage without distinction of color. Since the earl}' organization of Iowa there had been upon the statute book a law pro- viding that no negro, mulatto nor Indian should be a competent witness in any suit or proceeding to which a white man was a party. The General Assembly of i856-'7 repealed this law, and the new Constitution contained a clause forbidding such disquali- fication in the future. It also provided for the education of " all youth of the State " through a system of common schools. This Constitution was adopted at the ensuing election by a vote of 40,311 to 38,681. October 19, 1857, Governor Grimes issued a proclamation declaring the city of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and continued through the fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude; there was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased tlie difficulties; and it was not until Decem- ber that the last of the effects, — the safe of the State Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob sleds " drawn by ten yokes of oxen, — was deposited in the new capitol. It is not imprudent now to remark that during this passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, througli bottom lands and timber, the safes belonging to the several depart- .♦..♦. >:>: >::* >:>: >!>; >:>; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::* >::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :«:;♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >;>; !♦:;♦; :♦;>: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:«': :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: >;:♦; :♦::»: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :«::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:«■: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;>: »■:♦; :♦:♦: >:> ;♦>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;«::♦: .♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:»: >::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦■; >:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >:♦; >■<> :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :*•;♦: :♦:>: :♦:>■ »:♦; :♦>: :♦:.♦: !♦.:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦♦. >:;■»; :♦,>: ;♦:>: :♦:>: »::♦; :♦* ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:■»•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦:♦: >';♦, :♦>: ». :♦:;♦: :♦.:*: >:>: ;♦:♦: :^i:f S.*l*l*"¥*^t"St"*5^^^^ ♦.♦..♦♦•♦ ♦• ♦ • » ♦ ♦ ♦:>"♦::♦:■♦::♦■:♦»»"♦"♦:>■ .♦..♦..♦..♦..♦.♦..♦..♦..♦..♦..♦..♦..♦.♦^♦..♦..♦..♦.;*;>;;«.;>;>;>;>;;*j;*;;4.;j,.;;«.;j»;;»;;4^«; t.«»:r.t.»,.»..»./^.»:.»..»..».,»..»..».»*t.».*.*.* •..♦.♦,*.♦..♦.*♦.,♦,.♦.*.♦. .♦..♦..♦.*ft*.'t>,f;.^ >::♦; :♦::♦: ;■♦::♦; •fr.v: »::♦: ;•♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;■♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;■»:;♦: ;♦:>; >::♦: ;♦:;♦: :«:.♦; '.*.'.*'. :■»::•»: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :•»;:♦: :♦::♦: :•»;:♦: ;♦::♦: !•"♦; •»:»: :♦:♦; ■lf.'!f. :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦:;♦: ■«•■♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■♦; :♦::♦: >"«• :♦::♦: !♦"♦: :♦:■♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: '*;♦: :♦::♦: ••::♦: :♦:♦; :<:♦: ;♦:>; :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: •»::♦: :♦:••• :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: ■♦■■♦' ;♦:>: •»::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >:»: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>" !: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: 146 HISTORY OF IOWA. merits contained large sums of money, mostly individual funds, however. Thus Iowa City ceased to be the capital of the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three Constitu- tional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange, the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the university, and, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immediate and direct control of the trustees of that institution. Des Moines was now the permanent seat of govern- ment, made so by the fundamental law of the State, and January 11, 1858, the Sev- enth General Assembly convened at the new capitol. The citizens' association, which built this temporary building, bor- rowed the money of James D. Eads, Super- intendent of Public Instruction, and leased it to the State. In 1864 the State pur- chased the building. At the session of the General Assembly in 1858, James W. Grimes was elected United States Senator as successor to George W. Jones. During the years i858-'6o, the Sioux Indians became troublesome in the north- western part of the State. They made fre- quent raids for the purpose of plunder, and on several occasions murdered whole fami- lies of settlers. In 1861 several companies of militia were ordered to that portion of the State, to hunt down and expel the thieves. No battles were fought. The Indians fled as soon as they ascertained that systematic measures had been adopted for their punishment. PATRIOTISM. The Presidential campaign of i860 was the most remarkable and exciting of all in the history of Iowa. The fact that civil war might be inaugurated and was threat- ened, in case Mr. Lincoln was elected, was well understood and duly considered. The people of Iowa indulged in no feeling of ♦' •♦' ♦" "♦' :♦' >■ >• '♦ :♦: :♦: ♦■ > ♦ ♦ ♦; ♦■ ♦■ :♦■ ♦; •»: ♦; >■ >• >; :♦■ ;♦■ ♦; ;♦ < - *' 4i * '«' '*' '*' '«* '* *' *' * «' • 4' V V * '*' *' '*' 'A' '*' 'A' '> ^' A V '«' .. hatred or ill-will toward the people of any State or section of the Union. There was, however, on the part of the majority, a cool determination to consider and decide upon our national relations to this institu- tion of slavery, uninfluenced by any threat of violence or civil war. The popular vote of Iowa gave Mr. Lincoln 70,409; Stephen A. Douglas, 55,011; Breckenridge, 1,048. The General Assembly of the State ol Iowa, as early as 1851, had by joint resolu- tion declared that the State of Iowa was " bound to maintain the union of these States by all the means in her power." The same ^ear the State furnished a block of marble for the Washington monument at the national capital, and by order of the Gen- eral Assembly there was inscribed upon its enduring surface the following: " Iowa: Her affections, like the rivers of her borders, flow to an inseparable Union." The time was now approaching in her history when these declarations of attachment and fidelity to the nation were to be put to a practical test. The declaration of Mr. Buchanan's last annual message, that the nation possessed no constitutional power to coerce a seced- ing State, was received by a great majority of our citizens with humiliation and dis- trust. Anxiousl)' they awaited the expiring hours of his administration, and looked to the incoming President as to an expected deliverer that should rescue the nation from the hands of traitors, and the control of those whose non-resistance invited her destruction. The firing upon the national flag at Sumter aroused a burning indigna- tion throughout the loyal States of the re- public, and nowhere was it more intense than in Iowa; and when the proclamation of the President was published, April 15, 1861, calling for 75,000 citizen soldiers to " maintain the honor, the integrity, and the existence of our national Union, and the perpetuity of popular government," .♦.;♦; :♦"••■ :♦::♦: >::♦: >:*; >■>] ;■»..♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦' ;♦:>: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; [■f :♦; :■♦:■»; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;••■ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;♦: :♦::*: >■■♦: :*::♦: ;♦;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;♦' >;.♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;<»:.«■: ;♦;;♦: !♦;:♦; ■*:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦*; > ♦' :♦:♦. ■»:«•■ >>: .*. *: .♦;♦: ♦:♦ ■*.;♦: >'.♦: >>; ■♦'♦■ :♦::♦: ;♦>: «■♦ :•••.«: >,♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: * ♦: .■> ,♦. >.♦: :♦!:♦' :♦:♦: >♦: > ♦ :«: ♦: ♦ ♦. :■»♦: >:♦: .♦:♦: ;♦.:♦: !*::♦: *:♦;:♦; :*:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.;♦: >;>: :♦;>: :♦:>; :♦::♦: »::♦: >::♦: :♦!>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦. :♦;;♦; :♦>. *;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >:>: >:>: :♦■»■ :*>: :♦:;♦; :♦:>; ;♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; >;;♦; ;♦::♦: >:♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ■*;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: >::♦; :♦;;♦: >:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; >:>: :♦:>; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦; :•»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦.;♦; :♦.;♦■ :♦;;«: ;♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; ;«:»: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.«; >:;*: :♦:;♦: :♦"«: :♦::♦: :♦;.♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦>: HISTORT OF IOWA. M7 the good people of Iowa were more than willing to respond to the call. Party lines gave wav, and for a while, at least, party spirit was hushed, and the cause of our common country was supreme in the afTections of the people. Peculiarly fort- unate were the citizens of Iowa at this crisis, in having a truly representative man, Samuel J. Kirkwood, as executive of the State. Within thirty days after the date of the President's call for troops, the first Iowa resfimcnt was mustered into the service of the United States, a second regiment was in camp ready for the service, and the General Assembly of the State was con- vened in special session, and had by joint resolution solemnly pledged every resource of men and money to the national cause. The Constitution of Iowa limited the State debt to $250,000, except debts con- tracted to " repel invasion, suppress insur- rection, or defend the State in war." The General Assembly authorized a loan ol $800,000 for a war and defense fund, to be expended in organizing, arming, equipping and subsisting the militia of the State to meet the present and future requisitions of the President. Those in power looked to the spirit rather than to the letter of the Constitution, and acted upon the theory that to preserve the nation was to pre- serve the State, and that to prevent in- vasion was the most effectual means of repelling it. A few, however, in both branches of the General Assembly were more careful of the letter of the Constitu- tion. Three votes in the Senate and sev- enteen in the House were cast against the loan bill. These bonds were at 7 per cent, interest. Onl}- $300,000 were ever issued, and they were purchased and held chiefly by our own citizens. At this crisis James W. Grimes and James Harlan were in the United States Senate, and General Samuel R. Curtis and General Vandeverin 13 the House of Representatives. During the first year of the war, Iowa furnished sixteen regiments of infantry, six of cavalry and three batteries, — in all, 22,000 soldiers. Iowa had no refuse population to enlist as " food for powder." Her cities contained none of that element found about the pur- lieus of vice in the great centers of popu- lation. Her contribution to the armies of the republic was a genuine offering of manhood and patriotism. From her fields, her workshops, her counting-houses, her offices, and the halls of her schools and colleges, she contributed the best muscle, sinew and brain of an industrious, enter- prising and educated people. The first regiment of Iowa soldiers fought the bat- tle of Wilson's Creek after their term of enlistment had expired, and after they were entitled to a discharge. They were citi- zen soldiers, each of whom had a personal interest in the struggle. It was to them no question of enlistment, of bounty or of pay. When the gallant General Lyon placed himself at their head, and told them that the honor of Iowa and of the nation was in their hands, he addressed men who knew what the appeal meant, and to whom such an appeal was never made in vain. At the fall election of 1861, party spirit had revived; and the contest for the control of the State administration was warm and earnest. Dissensions arose in both parties but the election resulted in a majority of 16,600 votes for Kirkwood, who was thus retained as Governor of Iowa. In 1863 the Republicans elected their candidate for Governor, William INI. Stone, by a ma- jority of 29,000. Meanwhile the General Assembly had passed a law authorizing the "soldiers' vote," that is, citizens of the State in the volunteer military service of the United States, whether within or without the limits of the State, were authorized to open a poll on the da}' of the election, and to make re- .♦.♦. >>: >:;♦: :»■>; .♦;:♦: :♦>: >>; ;«::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: .♦>: ;♦:♦ ;♦;>: >::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦,:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;>; ;♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦; >:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦':♦: ;♦>: >:♦: ;♦:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :*:♦; :♦;;♦: >:;♦: :♦>: :♦;>; :•:♦: :♦♦: >:>; :*;♦: :♦'* ;♦::♦: :♦:>: >;♦: :<>;:♦: >:;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: >;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦* :■» :♦: > >: ;♦::♦: :♦.:♦; ;♦..♦; ;♦:* :♦:;♦; :♦* ;♦.;♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:♦: ♦ ;♦: .♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :*:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: <*:;♦: :«;;♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: '4^' '♦::♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; >;>: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; MM >::♦; :♦:;* :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; M'M MM MM. MM m:m :♦:;♦; *;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; 'MM MM MM M.M MM M.M MM. M.Ml ;*, >; M.M. MM. ;*:♦: MM M.M, ;♦,>; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;*;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: MM MM mm: MM MM MM *^ MM M.M M.M M.M M.M MM MM MM MM MM M.M M.M MM MM :♦;:«> MM MM MM MM MM MM m:m MM MM. M.M M.M M.M MM M.M MM MM MM MM MM MM :♦:;♦; MM MM MM ;♦;:♦: MM M.M MM MM M.M m.m.m: MMM. M.M.M.M.MM.M.'MrM.lf.M.M.M.M.'M9/.M.M.M.M.'Mrif.M'M'M'M.W.'!f.WM'MWM'MV.W.'MM'^^^^ 14S HISTORr OF IOWA. turn of their votes to the proper civil au- thorities. In the Presidental contest of 1864 the popular vote at home was as follows: Lincoln, 72,122; McClellan, 47,- 703. The soldier vote returned was: Lin- coln, 16,844; McClellan, 1,883. The General Assembly did all in its power to encourage enlistment and to pro- tect the soldiers in the field and their fami- lies at home. Statutes were enacted sus- pending all suits against soldiers in the service, and all writs of execution or attach- ment against their property; and county boards of supervisois were authorized to vote bounties for enlistments, and pecuni- ar}' aid to the families of those in the serv- ice. The spirits of our people rose and fell, according to the success of the Union armies. One day the bells rung out with joy for the surrender of Vicksburg, and again the air seemed full of heaviness be- cause of our defeats on the Peninsula; but through all these dark and trying days, the faith of the great majority never wavered. The Emancipation Proclamation of the President was to them an inspiration of a new hope. In the Adjutant's department at Des Moines are preserved the shot-riddled col- ors and standards of Iowa's regiments. Upon them, by special authority, were inscribed from time to time during the war the names of the battle-fields upon which these regiments gained distinction. These names constitute the geographical nomen- clature of two-thirds of the territory lately in rebellion. From the Des Moines River to the Gulf, from the Mississippi to the Atlantic, in the Mountains of West Virginia and in the valley of the Shenandoah, the Iowa soldier made his presence known and felt, and maintained the honor of the State, and the cause of the nation. They were with Lyon at Wilson's Creek; with Tuttle at Donelson. They fought with Sigel and with Curtis at Pea Ridge; with Crocker at Champion Hills; with Reid at Shiloh. The}- were with Grant at the surrender of Vicksburg. They fought above the clouds with Hooker at Lookout Mountain. The}- were with Sherman in his march to tlie sea, and were read}- for battle when Johnston surrendered. They were with Sheridan in the valley of the Shenandoah, and were in the veteran ranks of the nation's deliverers that stacked their arms in the national cap- itol at the close of the war. The State furnished to the armies of the republic, during the war, over 70,000 men, and 20,000 of these perished in battle or from diseases contracted in the service. We append here a brief notice of each regiment: The First Regiment was organized under the President's first call for three-months volunteers, with John Francis Bates, of Du- buque, as Colonel. It comprised various independent military companies that had been organized before the war, who ten- dered their services even before the break- ing out of hostilities. They were mustered in May 14, and first saw service under General Lvon in Missouri. Second Infantry; Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, Colonel. This was the first three- years regiment, and made a most distin- guished record ing with Sherman to the sea, through the Carolinas, etc. After the battle at Fort Donelson, the unenthusiastic General Hallcck pronounced this regiment " the bravest of the brave." Thii-d Infantry ; Nelson G. Williams, of D-ubuque County, Colonel. Veteranized in 1864, but before the new officers received their commissions the regiment fought itself out of existence at the battle of Atlanta ! Fourth Infantry ; G. M. Dodge, of Coun- cil Bluffs, Colonel. Engaged in the prin- cipal battles of the South. Fifth Infantry ; William H. Worthington, of Keokuk, Colonel; iSo veteranized in throughout the South, go- returning .♦.♦, MM. >.:♦: M.M MM. M.M M.M :♦;'♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;■•■>: >;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;;••■ :♦;:♦: >;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: MM. MM MM MM. MM. MM. MM M.M. MM. MM M.M, >;:♦: M.-y. ♦',♦' M.M MM M.M. MM M.M :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: !»::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; MM :«>; :♦.;♦: :♦:.*: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;*;♦; :♦,♦; ;♦:* MM. M.M MM. M.M. MM MM MM M.M. M.M. MM. :♦;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:«-: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•»; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:*; :♦::♦; MM. 'MM.M.M:M:M:M:M.M.MM.M.M.M:Mi'iXMTMM.lM.M:XM.MM^ :♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::«-: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::»: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; v.v. ■♦:.♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦: >»;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦,;♦: :♦::»: :♦:>; »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;■«•; :♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:;♦; :♦;■»; »;:♦; :*♦; m :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: •»:;♦: :♦::♦: •»:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ■♦;:♦; :♦::<»: >::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;•»: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦;;« :♦!»: :♦:>; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: !»:;♦: :♦"♦; ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: HISTOnr OF IOWA. '49 1864 and were transferred to the Fifth Cavalry. Sixth Infantry ; John A. McDowell, of Keokuk, Colonel. Engaged faithfully in many of the prominent battles. Seventh Infantry ; J. G. Lauman, of Bur- lington, Colonel. It lost 227 at the single battle of Belmont. Eighth Infantry ; Frederick Steele, of the regular army. Colonel. Most of this com- mand suffered in rebel prisons for eight months. Was on duty in Alabama nearly a year after the collapse of the Rebellion. Ninth Infantry ; William Vandever, of Dubuque, Colonel. Was in almost every Southern State, traveling altogether 10,000 miles ; marched more than 4,000 miles ! Tenth Infantry ; Nicholas Persczel, of Davenport, Colonel. Fought mainly in Mississippi ; losing half its number at the battle of Champion Hills alone ! Eleventh Infantr}' ; A. M. Hare, of Mus- catine, Colonel. Served mainly in the in- terior of the South, doing as valiant service as any other regiment. Twelfth Infantry ; J. J. Wood, of Maquo- keta. Colonel. In rebel prisons eight months. Veteranized January 4, 1864, a larger proportion of the men re-enlisting than from any other Iowa regiment. Served for several months after the close of the war. Thirteenth Infantry ; M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, Colonel. Fought in the South- ern interior and made the famous round with Sherman to the sea, being the first to enter Columbia, South Carolina, where se- cession had its rise. Fourteenth Infantr}-; William T. vSiiaw, of Anamosa, Colonel. Nearly all captured at Shiloh, but were released after a few months. Engaged in some of the severest contests. Fifteenth Infantry; Hugh T. Reid, of Keokuk, Colonel. Served three and a half years in the heart of the Rebellion. ; John W. Rankin, Served in the in- ; John Edwards, of Sixteenth Infantry ; Alex. Chambers, of the regular army. Colonel. Bravely served throughout the South. Seventeenth Infantry of Keokuk, Colonel, terior ci{ the South. Eighteenth Infantry Chariton, Colonel. Much of its time was spent in garrison duty. Nineteenth Infantry; Benjamin Crabb, of Washington, Colonel. Served mainly in Mississippi. Were prisoners of war about ten months. Twentieth Infantry, comprising five com- panies each from Scott and Linn counties, who vied with each other in patriotism; William M. Dve, of Marion, Colonel. En- gaged mainly on the Gulf coast. Twenty-first Infantry ; ex-Governor Sam- uel Merrill, Colonel. Distinguished in val- iant service throughout the South. See Twenty-third Regiment. Twenty-second Infantry ; William M. Stone, of Knoxville, since Governor of the State, was Colonel. Did excellent service, all the way from Mississippi to old Virginia. Twenty-tliird Infantr}' ; William Dewey, of Fremont County, Colonel. Its services were mainly in Mississippi. At Black River but a few minutes were required in carry- ing the rebel works, but those few minutes were fought with fearful loss to the troops. The Twent3'-first also participated in this daring assault, and immediately after the victory was gained General Lawler passed down the line and joyfully seized every man by the hand, so great was his emotion. Twenty-fourth Infantry ; the " Iowa Temperance Regiment," was raised by Eber C. Byani, of Linn County. Engaged mainly in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Twenty -fifth Infantry ; George A. Stone, of Mt. Pleasant, Colonel. " To the sea." Twenty-sixth Infantry ; Milo Smitii, of Clinton, Colonel. Took part in many great battles. f:irf:.«:*:ff:)i:§:!i:fi:if:fs:f>:ff:*:ff:^^^ ' *:>::»::c«;.»;;c»;>;>;;c*>::c»;>;'*:*;>;>;>;>.*>;*'*>;:*:*>:* :♦..?■: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: !*•■»: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦:>: ».;♦•: :♦:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;*■■ :♦;:*: ;♦;*; :♦::♦: ;«•::♦: '♦ '♦: >;+; :«::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::«: :♦;♦: :♦;■»; ■♦:>: :♦:♦: :♦■:•♦; :♦::•>; .*:;<■: :♦::♦; !♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: ;♦:>: .♦;:*; :♦;:♦: !»:;♦: »;:♦: :♦:;♦: »:>: ,*:;♦: :♦::■♦■ :♦;:•*: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;« :♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: :♦:♦: :•«•:;♦; >:;♦; :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«:•»: '♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦:.«: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::« .«::♦: :♦::♦: W. :♦;!♦: • :♦:;♦; :♦:>: ;♦::♦: !♦;;♦; :•♦:.♦: :♦:■»; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ■*;♦': v:>::c«»;;*::c*:c*:o;»>;'*r*>;:cc*>r«;t:;*;;»;;«i*:*;;c^^ • ♦::♦: '5° HISTORY OF IOWA. ;♦.;*: •<>■•♦ ;«:>: ;•»:>: >::♦: >;>: :♦>: :♦:♦ >■.♦' >!«>: ;■>:•>■ >..». »■ >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: >■>: >:;«■: :♦:<; :«:;♦: :■>,:•>: >>. >>■' ;♦..♦. >> >::♦■ :♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦/♦: >:>: :♦:>: >■'♦: :•>;;«■ »;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦.;♦: >.* ;♦;♦' :♦::♦; ;*::♦: ■*:;* • ■•»: > '♦: -* ■«: r> > •< ■•.->! ',:^. !-.>■ »;♦. >.;♦: ♦.;♦ .•::♦: >> :♦. >•:♦. - :» Twent)'-seventh Infantry ; James I. Gil- bert, of Lansing, Colonel. On dut}' all the wa}' from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. Twenty-eighth Infantr)- ; William E. Miller, of Iowa City, Colonel. Service, in the region of the Lower Mississippi. Twent3--ninth Infantry ; Thomas H. Ben- ton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, Colonel. Sta- tioned in Arkansas. Thirtieth Infantry ; Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa County, Colonel. In the thickest of the war, coming home loaded with honors. Thirty-first Infantry ; William Smyth, of Marion, Colonel. Returned from its many hard-fought battles in the interior of the South with onl}' 370 men out of 1,000 en- listed. Thirty-second Infantrj- ; John Scott, of Nevada, Colonel. Engaged in a number of battles. Thirl^'-third Infantry ; Samuel A. Rice, a popular politician of Central Iowa, Colo- nel. Served from Arkansas to Alabama. Thirty -fourth Infantry; George W.Clark, of Indianola, Colonel. Traveled 15,000 miles in its service ! Thirty-fifth Infantry ; S. G. Hilj, of Mus- catine, Colonel. Served bravely in a dozen battles, and traveled 10,000 miles. Thirty-sixth Infantry ; Charles W. Kitt- redge, of Ottumwa, Colonel. Suffered a great deal from sickness— small-pox, measles, malaria, etc. Thirty-seventh Infantry, the " Gray- Beard Regiment," being composed of men over forty-five years of age, and was the only one of its kind in the war. Garrison and post dut}-. Thirty-eighth Infantry; D. H. Hughes, of Dccorah, Colonel. Most unfortunate of all in respect of sickness, 300 dying during the first two years. Thirty-ninth Infantry ; H. J. B. Cum- mings, of Winterset, Colonel. One of the most distinguished regiments in the field. Fortieth Infantry ; John A. Garrett, of Newton, Colonel. Forty-first Infantr}' was not completed, and the three companies raised for it were attached to the Seventh Cavalry. There were no regiments numbered Forty-second or Forty-third. Forty-fourth Infantry for 100 days; Stephen H. Henderson, Colonel. Garrison duty in Tennessee. Fort)'-fifth Infantry, lor 100 days; A. H. Bereman, of Mt. Pleasant, Colonel. Garri- son duty in Tennessee. Forty-sixth Infantry, for 100 days; D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, Colonel. Garri- son duty in Tennessee. Forty-seventh Infantr}-, for 100 days; James P. Sanford, of Oskaloosa, Colonel. Stationed at the sickly place of Helena, Arkansas. Forty-eighth Infantry (battalion), for 100 days ; O. H. P. Scott, of Farmington, Lieu- tenant-Colonel. Guarded prisoners on Rock Island. First Cavalry ; Fitz Henry Warren, of Burlington, Colonel. Served for three years, mainly along the Lower Mississippi. Second Cavalry ; W. L. Elliott, a Cap- tain in the Third Cavalry of the regular army. Colonel. Fought faithfully in many important battles in Tennessee and Missis- sippi. Third Cavalry ; Cyrus Bussey, of Broom- field, Colonel. Distinguished in war. Fourth Cavalry ; A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleasant, Colonel. Participated with zeal and judgment in the hottest of battles in Tennessee and Mississippi. Fifth Cavalry, only in part an Iowa regi- ment ; William W. Lowe, of the regular army. Colonel. Distinguished in the hotly contested battles of Tennessee and vicinity. Sixth Cavalry; D. S. Wilson, of Du- buque, Colonel. Served against the In- dians. Seventh Cavalry ; S. W. Summers, of >> 'ii.'ff. :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:>: >;:«■ >::♦: *» :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >::♦: ;•»::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦■;♦: ;*:♦: >::♦: >:>; *>: >>' :♦':♦: :♦>: :».♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :•>:>: >■>; !♦!;♦; ;♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; >:» *>' :♦:;♦: >;:♦: <■ f. :■>■■ * >>: ■•>:;♦: :♦;:♦: >:>! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: '♦>: : >: >.♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;•»;.♦: :«•:;♦: :< :*: ■> *! » ♦! V v: ;-5 >: ;♦;♦: > * *.* :<• ;♦: ;<: ;♦. :•>.;♦: >>; >> :♦:*: >.;♦; :*::♦; :♦:>: :♦.:♦: ;♦;;♦: ■■ :♦;:♦:' :♦:;«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦.♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;•••; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦: •,*>i>; :♦::♦: ♦"cc*::*:c»:;'»;;cc*;>:»::*:;*::«c«:cc*>::^^^^ >>::c*:o>:*:»>>>:».»:»:»>>>>:>::*;*>;:« , *::♦::♦■ •:.♦: ♦.* *:.♦: »:♦: »:;♦: ♦::♦: ♦ .♦; ♦ ♦ :♦:♦: ;♦;•♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:♦: ■•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: !»::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: »::«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:■♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:.♦: '*'.*' :♦::♦; :♦::«: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: *i^ :♦::♦: ;•»:.*: :♦:>: »: :♦;:♦: , :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;!♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: *j^ :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦;;♦; ♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦; :♦:>: ;♦;■»: :♦"♦::♦»::♦:■» »:;c*"*:>;:*.* ►"*»;;♦; ■♦"♦.I ♦::♦:;♦:;♦;:♦:;♦"♦::♦;♦': niSTORT OF IOWA. «5' Ottumwa, Colonel. Served ag^ainst the Indians. Eighth Cavalr)' ; Joseph B. Dorr, of Du- buque, Colonel. Served faithfully in guard- ing Sherman's communications, etc. Ninth Cavalr)' ; M. M. Trumbull, of Cedar Falls, Colonel. Scouting, guard and garrison duties in Arkansas. First Battery of Light Artillery; C. H. Fletcher, of Burlington, Captain. Served in Arkansas and Tennessee. Second Battery; Nelson 1. Spoor, of Council BlufTs, Captain. Engaged at Farm- ington, Corinth and other places. Third Battery ; M. M. Hay den, of Du- buque, Captain. Engaged at Pea Ridge, and in other important battles. Fourth Battery ; on duty most of the time in Louisiana. Iowa Regiment of Colored Troops ; John G. Hudson, of Missouri, Colonel. Garrison duty at St. Louis and elsewhere. Northern Border Brigade ; James A. Sawyer, of Sioux City, Colonel. Protected the Northwestern frontier. Southern Border Brigade ; protected the southern border of the State. The following promotions were made by the United States Government from Iowa regiments: To the rank of Major-General — Samuel R.Curtis, Frederick Steele, Frank J. Hcrron and Grcnville M. Dodge ; to that of Brigadier-General — Jacob G. Lauman, James M. Tuttle, W. L. Elliott, Fitz Henry Warren, Charles L. Matthies, William Van- dever, M. M. Crocker, Hugh T. Reid, Samuel A. Rice, John M. Corse, C3'rus Busscy, Edward Hatch. Elliott W. Rice, William W. Belknap, John Edwards, James A. Williamson, James 1. Gilbert and Thomas J. McKean; Corse, Hatch, Belknap, Elliott and Vandever were bre vetted Major- Generals ; brevetted Brigadier-Generals — William T. Clark, Edward F. Winslow, S. G. Hill, Thomas H. Benton, S. S. Gla.sgow, Clark R. Weaver, Francis M. Drake, George A. Stone, Datus E. Coon, George W.Clark, Herman H. Heath, J. M. Hed- rick and W. W. Lowe. lOW.V SIN'CK TIIK W..\K. The two principal events of political in- terest in this State since the war have been the popular contests concerning woman suffrage and the liquor traffic. In the popular elections the people gave a ma- jority against the former measure, but in favor of prohibiting the sale or manufact- ure of intoxicating liquors. A list of State officers to date is given on a subsequent page. The last vote for Governor, October 9, 1883, stood as fol- lows: For Buren R. Sherman, Republican, 164,141 ; L. G. Kinne, Democrat, 140,032, and James B. Weaver, National Green- back, 23,093. STA7E INSTITUTIONS. The present capitol building is a beauti- ful specimen of modern architecture. Its dimensions are, in general, 246 x 364 feet, with a dome and spire extending up to a height of 275 feet. In 1870 the General Assembly made an appropriation, and pro- vided for the appointment of a board of com- missioners to commence the work of build- ing. They were duly appointed and pro- ceeded to work, laying the corner-stone with appropriate ceremonies, November 23, 1871. The structure is not yet completed. When finished it will have cost about $3,500,000. The State University, at Iowa City, was established there in 1858, immediately after the removal of the capital to Des Moines. As had already been planned, it occupied the old ca[)itol building. As early as Janu- ary, 1849, l^^vo branches of the university were established — one at Fairfield and one at Dubuque. At Fairfield, the board of directors organized and erected a building at a cost- of §2,500. This was nearly de- stroj-ed by a hurricane the following )'ear, :♦:;♦: :♦:■♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦' >"* '■ f*. ♦ ♦. .♦;«■ ♦ >: :♦..♦; >;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>■ :♦;:♦: :♦:;* :♦;:♦; W< :♦;>; :♦:>: :«::♦: :«»: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: .♦' «: >:.■♦•; :♦;.♦; :♦':♦; :♦:>: >;:♦; .«;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;«' *«* :♦>: :♦;>: ♦;■"■ .♦..♦. *■:♦; :♦;:«: >::♦: »: :♦>: ;♦:»: :♦;;* :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::<•>: :♦>: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: .:♦;:♦: :♦:>: »::« >::« :«;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: >:;♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦:»: >"♦: :♦"♦: >..«■; :*..♦: :♦>: ;♦";* >:'♦: '.♦..♦..♦..^..♦..♦..♦..♦..♦..♦,.*,A.»..c*:c».:«;>;.»;>;**;*;'»;>;>;:f;:'»i>;*'»;^ ♦ >;:♦::♦;:♦':♦■ 15:! mSTORT OF IOWA. '.*.'.■>. •■:«•; • >: >'♦• ;♦;'♦; :■••:'>: :<■■ v: :•>::■>: > ♦; :<'':♦; :^,;*; :♦.:♦; :■♦;■♦: :*::<•; >:;♦: :•>::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:>: :*:♦: ;•>:;•»•; :♦:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;•»:;♦; :■»::♦; but was rebuilt more substantially by the citizens of Fairfield. This branch never received any aid from the State, and Janu- ar)' 24, 1853, at the request of the board, the General Assembly terminated its rela- tion to the State. The branch at Dubuque had onh' a nominal existence B3' act of Congress, approved July 20, 1840, two entire townships of land were set apart in this State for the support of a university. The Legislature of this State placed the management of this institution in the hands of a board of fifteen trustees, five to be chosen (by the Legislature) every two 3-ears, the superintendent of public instruction to be president of the board. This board was also to appoint seven trus- tees for each of the three normal schools, to be simultaneously established — one each at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mt. Pleasant. One was never started at the last-named place, and after a feeble existence for a short time the other two were discontin- ued. The university itself was closed dur- ing i859-'6o, for want of funds. The law departmetit was established in June, 1868, and soon afterward the Iowa Law School at Des Moines, which had been in successful operation for three years, was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the department. The medical d epartment was established in 1869; and in 1874 a chair of military instruction was added. Since April 11, 1870, the government of the university has been in the hands of a board of regents. The present faculty comprises forty-two professors, and tlie attendance 560 students. The State Normal School is located at Cedar Falls, and was opened in 1876. It has now a faculty of nine members, with an attendance of 301 pupils. The State Agricultural College is located at Ames, in Story Count}-, being established by the legislative act of March 23, 1858. In 1862 Congress granted to Iowa 240,000 acres of land for the endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanic arts. The main building was completed in 1868, and the institution opened the following year. Tuition is free to pupils from the State over sixteen years of age. The college farm comprises 860 acres, of which a major portion is in cultivation. Professors, twen- ty-two; scholars, 319. The Deaf and Dumb Institute was estab- lished in 1855, at Iowa City, but was after- ward removed to Council Bluffs, to a tract of ninety acres of land two miles south of that city. In October, 1870, the main build- ing and one wing were completed and occupied. In February, 1877, fire destroyed the main building and east wing, and dur- ing the summer following a tornado par- tiallv demolished the west wing. It is at present (1885) manned with fifteen teachers, and attended by 292 pupils. The College for the Blind has been at Vin- ton since 1862. Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, a fine scholar, who had founded the Institution for the Blind, at Jacksonville, Illinois, commenced as early as 1852 a.school of instruction at Keokuk. The next year the institution was adopted by the State and moved to Iowa City, with Prof. Bacon as principal. It was moved thence, in 1862, to Vinton. The building was erected and the college manned at vast expenditure of money. It is said that $282,000 were ex- pended upon the building alone, and that it required an outlay of SS.ooo a year to heat it, while it had accommodations for 130 in- mates. At present, however, they have accommodations for more pupils, with an attendance of 1 32. There are eleven teach- ers. The annual legislative appropriation is $8,000, besides $128 per year for each pupil. The first Iowa Hospital for the Insane was established by an act of the Legislature approved January 24, 1855. It islocated at Mt. Pleasant, where the building was com- »::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦;♦; :♦;:♦. >::«• :♦;:♦: :♦:>; >:>: :■»:>: >:;♦: :«::♦: :«•;♦: >;;♦; :♦:•»; :♦:;♦; :♦:•»: :<•:;♦! ;♦ '♦ ;♦::♦; v;>: :♦::♦; :«[♦] :♦.;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :•••:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;*::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ■♦::♦: :♦,:<•: :«.:*: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦,:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >.'* :♦:;♦; »::♦: !*::♦: »::« :•»:;«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >':♦: :♦"♦: /'♦"♦"'♦"'♦"•>' ;. *t <■(',♦ ^ .♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦,♦♦♦,<> '>.o *,*?> S' "^.-f. v.v? i» .v.,.-r.^..T..w..v,\,,w.y V.V..V .▼.,».,+ ▼ ,*■. v .^. -v » ,w ,v, .v,,\r,»,.^. >.;♦; :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: r^iK :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦>: »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: >"♦' :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: >::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :■»:>: :♦::♦: :*.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« >::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; »■»; :♦.>: »::♦: »::« :•»::♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: m >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :<>::♦; m'M :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ^* :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;«::♦: >::♦: !«:♦: »::♦: >:>: :♦::'•': >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.»: >::♦: :«:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«»«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;«;*: »::♦: :♦::«: :♦"•»: H/sTORr OF /on- A. 'S3 pleted in 1861, at a cost of $258,555. Within the first three months 100 patients were ad- mitted, and before the close of October, 1877, an aggregate of 3,684 had been ad- mitted. In April, 1876, a portion of tiie building was destroyed by fire. At this in- stitution there are now ninet3--four superin- tendents and assistants, in charge of 472 patients. Another Hospital for the Insane, at Inde- pendence, was opened May i, 1873, in a building which cost $88,1 14. The present number of inmates is 580, in the care of 1 1 1 superintendents and employes. The Soldiers' Orphans' Home is located at Davenport. It was origmated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the late war, who called a convention for the purpose at Mus- catine, September 7, 1863, and uly 13 fol- lowing the institution was opened m a brick building at Lawrence, Van Burcn County. It was sustained by voluntar}' contributions until 1 865, when the State took charge of it. The Legislature provided at first for three " homes." The one in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, an old hotel build- ing being fitted up for it, and by the follow- ing January there were ninety-six inmates. In October, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building about two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosper- ous for several years; but in 1876 the Leg- islature devoted this building to the State Normal School, and the buildings and grounds of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Glenwood, Mills County, to an institution for the support of feeble-minded children, and also provided for the removal of the soldiers' orphans at the Glenwood and Cedar Falls homes to the institution at Davenport. The latter has now in charge 169 orphans. The Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, referred to above, is at Glenwood, estab- lished by the Legislature in March, 1876. The institution was opened September i. following, with a few pupils ; but now the attendance is 215, in the care of four teach- ers. This asylum is managed by three trus- tees, one of whom must be a resident of that county. Mills. The first penitentiary was established in 1841, near Fort Madison, its present loca- tion. The cost of the original building was S55'934. ^"d its capacity was sufficient for 138 convicts. At present there arc at this prison 364 convicts, in charge of forty-three employes. The penitentiary at Anamosa was estab- lished in i872-'3. It now has 239 convicts and thirty-four employes. The boys' reform school was permanently located at Eldora, Hardin County, in 1872. For the three years previous it was kept at the building of the Iowa Manual Labor In- stitute at Salem, Henry County. Only boys between seven and sixteen years of age are admitted. Credit of time for good conduct is given, so that occasionally one is discharged before he is of age. There are now (1885) 201 pupils here. The "girls' department" is at Mitchell- ville, similarly managed. Inmates, eighty- three. The State Historical Society is in part supported by the State, the Governor ap- pointing nine of the eighteen curators. This societ}' was provided lor in connection with the University, by legislative act of January 28, 1857, ^"d it has published a series of valuable collections, and a large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers. The State Agricultural Society is con- ducted under the auspices of the State, and is one of the greatest promoters of the welfare of the people among all the State organizations. It holds an animal fair at Des Moines, and its proceedings arc also published annually, at the expense of the State. The Fish-Hatchine: House has been suc- :♦:>: >::♦: >:>: :♦"♦; Wi »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: >:>: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: s»:>; >::♦: »;>; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: »::♦: >:;«• :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;»: :♦:>: s»:»: :■»:;♦: :♦:;♦: »;>: »::•»: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :•»:;♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;« :«:>: :♦::♦; ?;* :♦.;♦; . :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: »::'»: E»:>: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::«( :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: .<»:;♦: :♦:.>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦"« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;;« »"♦: :♦:'♦: !»:;« »:;« :♦:;♦:;♦: :♦:♦■•." :♦;■".♦ :♦ *. '*'*'. :♦;•!■ :♦::*; :♦::♦: >;:♦: •»:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;■«■: >■>: :♦:<>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;*: :♦:;♦; :♦;>; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:.♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦"*: :♦::*; •»:>: :♦!♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: •♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: ;♦::♦: >::«•; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ■*::♦: :♦:;«•: >::*; :♦::♦; ■»::♦; :♦::♦: •»•::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦]>: ;♦'♦: :♦:;♦: >:.♦; :♦"♦: >;;♦; ;«•>: ♦. :; > ■"> -♦:♦; ;*::♦: •>:*: *'♦: ■»: »>■ ♦:♦: ♦» :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :♦;■♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ♦ ♦: - «• ♦"♦:»:r*r*»"*:*>>>:»::*"4!»::c*>::c«':*::*;»::*::cc*;:c*::cc^^ 15 + HISTORY OF IOWA. cessfully carrying on its good work since its establishment in 1874, near Anamosa. Three fish commissioners are appointed, one for each of the three districts into which the State is for the purpose divided. The State Board of Health, established in 1880, has an advisory supervision, and to a limited extent also a police supervision, over the health of the people.^especiall}- with reference to the abatement of those nuisances that are most calculated to pro- mulgate dangerous and contagious diseases. Their publications, which are made at the expense of the State, should be studied by every citizen EDUCATION'AL. The germ of the free public school sys- tem of Iowa, which now ranks second to none in the United States, was planted b}^ the first settlers, and in no other public measure have the people ever since taken so deep an interest. They have expanded and improved their original system until now it is justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the country. Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered that humble log school-houses were built almost as soon as the log cabins of the earliest settlers were occupied, and school teachers were among the first im- migrants to Iowa. Schools, therefore, the people have had every where from the start, and tlic school-houses, in their character and accommodations, have kept fully abreast with the times. The first school-house witliin the limits of Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by J. L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the autumn of 1833. When it was com- pleted George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the winter of i833-'4, thirty- five pupils attending his school. Barrett Whittemore taught tiie next school term, with twenty-five pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839 Thomas H. Benton, Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. At Burlinofton a commodious lo^ school- house, built in 1834, was among the first buildings erected. A Mr. Johnson taught the first school in the winter of i834-'5. In Muscatine County, the first school was taught by George Bumgardner, in the spring of 1837. In 1839 ^ ^o.? school-house was erected in Muscatine, which served for a long time as school-house, church and public hall. The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. Johnson County was an entire wilderness when Iowa City was located as the capital of the Territory of Iowa, in May, 1839. The first sale of lots took place August 18, 1839, and before January i, 1840, about twenty families had settled within the limits of the tovyn. During the same year Jesse Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected on what is now College street. In Monroe County, the first settlement was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the summer of 1844 a log school-house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school pur- poses for nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a log school-house was built, in which school was opened by Sam- uel W. Caldwell, in 1844. .♦ ♦>::*;:4!;»::c*;;*>>;:c<:c»;>>:>;;*;>::»:>::cc*::*»:;*>>>:;c« ♦..♦..♦..♦^.♦..♦..♦.:*,:*'*:*,>;:*>;;*:>::c«:*;*;:*:>;:*;;*;*:*'»;:o;*;*;;*;:*;* ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :«•:♦: :♦::♦; *:♦; ;♦:;♦: >!>: *>: >:>; >;>; :♦::♦: ;♦:♦; :<';;♦; ♦ *; ;♦..♦; :♦;;♦; >;:♦; >::♦: >::•>; ♦[«; :♦;:*; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦:>: >:>; >:>: •»;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;■«: >:♦: >:>] :♦;>: > :♦: ;♦"♦; :*:♦: :«:♦; :♦>: :♦:;♦: .♦:;♦: :♦:.♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦; >:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:*; .*::♦; :♦::»: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::«': :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: y • .♦;>;;*>:>::c*>;>;;cc«"»;>:>;>::*;*> ■ »:»: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: ;♦"♦: »:»: :♦>: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :«;♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: .*:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: <»"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: <»::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :<»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; V.'ft'. :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«:;♦: !»::'»: *■■•»•:♦: ■ v>; lUsrORT OF IOWA. JSS At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was tauglit by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court, in the winter of i846-'7, in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. The first school in Pottawattamie County was opened by George Green, a Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1S49; and until about 1854 nearly all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. The first school in Dccoraii was taught in 1855, by C3'rus C. Carpenter, since Gov- ernor of the State. In Crawford County the first school-house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1S56, and Morris McHenry first occupied it as teacher. During the first twenty years of the his- tory of Iowa, the log school-house pre- vailed, and in 1861 there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for school pur- poses in the State. Since that time they have been gradually disappearing. In 1865 there were 796; in 1870, 336; and in 1875, 121. In 1846, the year of Iowa's admission as a State, there were 20,000 scholars out of 100,000 inhabitants. About 400 school dis- tricts had been organized. In 1850 there were 1,200, and in 1857 the number had in- creased to 3,265. In March, 1858, upon the recommenda- tion of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, the seventh General Assembly enacted that "each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of the expenditures for the compensation of dis- trict secretaries and treasurers. An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub-district system. Mr. Kissell, Superintendent, recommended 14 this in his report of January i, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of independent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. The system of graded schools was in- augurated in 1849, ^":*:»>::*:*:«:c*::^^ ^^,^^^^^,-r~ .♦.**.*.*..*.*:*;*;»;.«»::'»;:«;c*::c«»::*;:*:»:»:;*»;:c*;:*;«»;:*;:c*:^^^^^ :♦ ■! :♦.♦ ;♦:.♦. :♦::♦: >.:♦; >:>: >;:•': >::♦: >:>: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: m. >:>: »;;♦; :♦>: :♦;♦: »!>: . :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >!*: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: »: :♦::♦: >:>: :'«;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :«':♦: »: ff.M :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«:;«■: :♦;:♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦; - :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"'*! :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::« >::♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦"♦; :♦::«: :♦::♦: :«;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *;« :♦::♦: wif. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :'«:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::'*■ ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;»; >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«>: .»;;« :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦•: :♦::♦: :«:♦: .«>: :«:.«: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::« :♦>: »"♦: ■- ♦: ■■*; ♦: >: ■>: ■::♦; ■»:♦: 156 HISTORY OF IOWA. ,-»,;♦; :♦:♦; >:♦: ":♦: ' ♦; ,-■.♦: *:♦; »::♦: »:>: :*:*: •■♦: ::♦: •:♦; :;♦: .'..♦: "■>; -:♦: '♦: ■■:>: -:♦: -'::♦: >;;♦; ?»::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: >:♦; ->: ♦: \:*; /.::♦: ;,;♦; ;•♦;:♦: !»::♦: {»:;♦: >:*. >:'♦: •"♦; ■:>; ■ ♦: *: ■■"♦: ♦; >:.♦; •:♦" ♦; • ♦1 ■ ♦; General Assembly amended the act of the board by appropriating " a sum not ex- ceeding $50 annually for one such institute, held as provided by law in each county." In 1865 the superintendent, Mr. Faville, re- ported that " the provision made by the State for the benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the people and the teachers, as during the last two years." Under this law an in- stitute is held annually in each county, under the direction of the county superin- tendent. B)- an act approved March 19, 1874, nor- mal institutes were established in each county, to be held annually by the county superintendent. This was regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Aber- nethy, and in 1876 the General Assembly established the first permanent State Nor- mal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and property of the Soldiers' Orphans Home at that place for that purpose. This school is now " in the full tide of successful ex- periment." Funds for the support of the public schools are derived in several ways. The sixteenth section of every congressional township was set apart by the General Government for school purposes, being one thirty-sixth part of all the lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at $1.25 per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to the State of 500,000 acres, and an appropriation of 5 per cent, on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it; the proceeds of all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The pen- alties collected by the courts for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected. The proceeds of the sale of lands and the 5 per cent, fund go into the State Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties according to their request. In 1S44 there were in the State 4,339 school districts, containing 11,244 schools, and emplo3-ing 21,776 teachers. The aver- age monthly pay of male teachers was $32.50, and of female teachers $27.25. There were 594,730 persons of school age, of whom 431,513 were enrolled in the public schools. The average cost of tuition for each pupil per month was $1.62. The expenditures for all school purposes was $5,129,819.49. The permanent school fund is now $3,547.- 123.82, on which the income for 18S1 was $234,622.40. Besides the State University, Agricult- ural College and Normal School, described on preceding pages, ample provision for higher education has been made by the different religious denominations, assisted b}' local and individual beneficence. There are, exclusive of State institutions, twent}'- three universities and colleges, and one hundred and eleven academies and other private schools for the higher branches. All these are in active operation, and most of them stand high. Amity College, located at College Springs, Page County, has eight instructors and two hundred and forty-five students. Burlington University, eight instructors and forty-three pupils. Callanan College, at Des Moines, has eighteen in the faculty and one hundred and twenty students enrolled. Central University, at Pella, Marion County, is under the auspices of the Baptist church, and has eleven in the faculty and one hundred and two students. Coe College, at Cedar Rapids, has a faculty of ten, and an attendance of one hundred and ninety-nine. :♦».;♦. !»::«: >:>: »: ?** :♦::♦; :♦;>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦:>: >::* :♦::♦: *»: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:>: :•»::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦' :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: >::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦;;♦: >;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: »::♦: :♦:»: ;♦::♦: :♦;:« ;♦;:♦: :■»::♦: :♦"'»: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦'*: ♦• ♦: >■ >■ ♦" ■♦■ »■ '♦' '♦: .♦:>: :♦' :♦: ♦; ♦ :♦: :♦' ♦' ♦' >' • >:>:>:*:*;;*;i«»:'*>:»;'*;«;*:;*>;i»;:«»;»;A uiaroRr of /owa. '57 Cornell College, Methodist Episcopal, at Mt. Vernon, Linn County, has eighteen members of the faculty and four hundred and scventv-nine scholars. This is a strong institution. Drake University, at Des Moines, has thirty instructors and three hundred and twent)--five pupils. Griswold College, at Davenport, is under the control of the Episcopal church, and has seven instructors and scvent3'-five stu- dents. Iowa College, at Grinnell, is permanent!}- endowed. Has fourteen instructors and three hundred and eighty-four students. Iowa Wesleyan University (Methodist Episcopal), at Mt. Pleasant, has six mem- bers of the faculty and one hundred and seventy-five students. Luther College, at Decorah, Winneshiek County, has a faculty of ten, and one hun- dred and sixty-five pupils. Oskaloosa College has a faculty of five, and one hundred and thirty-five students. Penn College, at Oskaloosa, has a faculty of five members, and one hundred and forty pupils in attendance. Simpson Centenary College, at Indianola, Warren County (Methodist Episcopal), has a faculty of seven and an attendance of two hundred. Tabor College, at Tabor, Fremont County, modeled after the Oberlin (Ohio) College, has twelve members in the faculty- and an attendance of two iiundrcd and ten scholars. University of Des Moines has five in- structors and fifty pupils. Upper Iowa University (Methodist Epis- copal), located at Fayette, in Fayette County, has eleven instructors and three hundred and fifty students. Whittier College, at Salem, Henry Count}-, is under the auspices of the Friends. There are two instructors and sixty pupils. ■ ♦"♦>"♦':*■:♦;> STATISTICAL. Wlien Wisconsin Territory was organ- ized in 1836, the entire population of that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10,531. The Terri- tory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected by the Territory of Michigan in 1834. Since then the counties have increased to ninety-nine, and the population in 1880 was 1,624,463. The following table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa Territor}' : Year. Population 1S3S 2:1,589 1S40 43.115 1S44 75.";- 1S46 97.5S8 1847 116,651 1849 152,988 liJSO 191,982 ■851 204,774 i8s2 230,713 1854 326,013 1856 5!9.055 Year Population '8^9 638,775 i860 .. 674,913 'S63 701,732 I of>5 750.699 1S67 902,040 1869 1.040,819 1870 1,191,727 ■S73 i.-'5i.333 1875 1 366,000 iSSo 1,624463 The most populous county is Dubuque — 43,997. Polk County has 42,395, and Scott, 41,270. Not only in population, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State, has Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty-five years its wild but beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savagfe to a highly civilized commonwealth. The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in January, 1 87 1. The completion of three others scon followed. In 1S54 there was not a mile of railroad in Iowa. Within the succeeding twenty 3'ears, 3,765 miles were built and put in successful operation. The present value of buildings for our State institutions is as follows: Stae Capitol $2,500,000 Slate University. 400,000 Agricultural Col. and Farm 300,000 Inst, for the mind 150,000 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 325,000 Institutions for the Insane $1,149,000 Orphans' Hume.. 62,000 Penitentiaries.... 408,000 Normal School. . 50,000 Reform School , . 90,000 :'>!>: !»:;♦: :♦:;♦: >::«': :«:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«t>; >::♦: :♦;:♦; >:>; :♦:>: :♦::«': >::♦: »: :♦;:♦: »; >;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦»♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ♦:♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: »::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: .♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :•»:;« :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »:m :♦::« :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: [♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*;♦: :«>:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«•: »::« :c« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: m.w. >"♦: »::♦: »::♦: .%:« :♦::♦' ;♦;♦' ;♦>; :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:>; :♦::•»: ;♦::♦■; :♦:>; ;♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦;>; ;♦::♦; :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦!•♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: •♦"♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: >:>: :♦:;♦; ;♦::<>; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦■::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:'>: ;♦:;♦: :♦:>; ;♦;:♦: :♦:;*•; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; >::♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: :*:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; '♦"♦; :♦::*: ;♦::«; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *:♦; :♦::* :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦:>: .♦.;♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: .♦:;♦: >!>■ ;♦.;♦ ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:>: > ♦ •r >^x:♦^:il5>::♦>;:♦::♦>::c♦::♦;>:>:>"♦::♦:>"♦::♦::♦;>■■~ »:*:c*;*::c*»;:«:*::«»»>>x-«ii»»>::«;: 158 HISTORT OF IOWA. The State has never levied more than two and one-half mills on the dollar for State tax, and this is at present the consti- tutional limit. Iowa has no State debt. Whatever obli- gations have been incurred in the past have been promptl}^ met and fully paid. Many of the counties are in debt, but only four of them to an amount exceeding $100,000 each. The bonded debt of the counties amounts in the aggregate to $2,592,222, and the float- ing debt, $153,456; total, $2,745,678. In the language of Judge C. C. Nourse, we feel compelled to say : " The great ulti- mate fact that America would demonstrate is, the existence of a people capable of at- taining and preserving a superior civiliza- tion, with a government self-imposed, self- administered and self-perpetuated. In this age of wonderful progress, America can exhibit nothing to the world of mankind more wonderful or more glorious than her new States — young empires, born of her own enterprise and tutored at her own political hearth-stone. Well may she sa)' to the monarchies of the Old World, who look for evidence of her regal grandeur and state, ' Behold, these are my jewels !' and may she never blush to add, ' This one in the center of the diadem is Iowa !' " PHYSICAL FEATURES. Iowa, in the highly figurative and ex- pressive language of the aborigines, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied by them to this magnificent section of the country between the two great rivers. The general shape of the State is that of a rectangle, the northern and southern boundaiies being due east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries de- termined by southerl}' flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east and the Missouri and the Big Sioux on the west. The width of the State from north to south is over 200 miles, being from the parallel of 43° 30' to that of 40° 36', or merely three degrees; but this does not include the small angle at the southeast corner. The length of the State from east to west is about 265 miles. The area is 55,044 square miles, nearly all of which is readily tillable and highly fer- tile. The State lies wholl}' within, and com- prises a part of a vast plain, and there is no mountainous or even hilly country within its borders, excepting the bluffs of the larger rivers. The highest point is near Spirit Lake, and is but i ,200 feet above the lowest, which is in the southeast corner, and is 444 feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico. The average descent per mile between these two points is four feet, and that from Spirit Lake to the northeast corner of the State, at low-water mark of the Mississippi, is five feet five inches. It has been estimated that about seven- eighths of Iowa was prairie when the white race first settled here. It seems to be a set- tled point in science that the annual fires of the Indians, prevented this western country from becoming heavily timbered. GEOLOGY. Geologists divide the soil of Iowa into three general divisions, which not onl}' possess different physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial and be- long respectively to the deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area of surface. All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived to a consider- able extent from the rocks of Minnesota ; but the greater part was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been trans- ported but a short distance. In Northern and Northwestern Iowa the drift contains more sand and gravel than elsewhere. In ::«:♦:>;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦; :♦;:♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: »::♦: *:♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: ♦;:♦: ♦:'♦: ♦ ♦. :♦::♦: *>: ♦:>: ;♦:;♦: :♦.>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■<>: ■«■>■ :♦ > >>: ^<.>; .♦:'♦; :■»:■♦: .♦:;♦; ♦:*: ♦ ♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦; :«::♦: •»!:♦: <•!» ♦ ■>; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >!'♦! >:>" *■>: .♦;>: >"♦: :♦:>; ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦"♦; ;♦::♦; >"♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦">: >!>: '♦.:♦: :♦;:♦: '♦'♦: :♦::♦: ♦:♦; :♦:>; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;>: ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;>; :♦::♦: >::♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: >"♦: *>: :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >■'♦; ♦'♦' ♦ * ^ ♦:■♦"♦'■♦"♦:♦:♦:♦•» ,.•>:♦:>■■»::♦::♦::♦::■»::♦::♦"♦::♦"♦, :»::♦:>: ;♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: 'it!*- :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦:.«: ••^"* :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: •»;:♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: •»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :«;;♦: ■»:;«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: .*::♦: >:;♦: *"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦';♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;•>;>: >:>: :♦::♦; ■♦;;♦: :«:.«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :«.:♦: :♦:* :«::♦; >"♦: *i^ ;♦:>: •»::♦: *j^ :♦::♦: •»:>: ;«::♦: •»:•»: :♦:<»: :♦;.♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«'::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: »:;♦: >"«: !••■»: :♦:;♦; :♦:♦: ,*!>: ■»:>' ■♦::♦; :♦;:♦: *:*: ■»::♦; ■»:♦: :♦;:♦: •••:♦: :♦:;♦; >:.♦: •»::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦■ :cc>>;»::«:*>::*:*::*»::*:*>">;*;:*;;«»::- »*■♦••••»;*>■ Hisrojtr OF /oif^A. 159 Southern Iowa the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. The bluff soil is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to Missouri River. Although it contains less than i per cent, of clay in its com- position, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bot- tom lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the highest flood, and is very productive. The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclusive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those of the Palajozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in their order : r o CD '^ a •a < ft o I a cnS' — 3 c • O p -1 er o 3 O a s PI c 3 o 3. o I" 5? o o r c o'o o = 5r ^ p o: p 1= n f • c ii p 5" E: 5' S ;? • 9 ?-o -C ^ 3 C P i; fs O p o -I ^ ■ ^3 '' TT-P o -•, H, ET £ l-c => K 3 5 CA 3 5- M rt il 3- o 3 = :c o p s "* o ^ c o - o ; I o o 2. o ^ 3 O rtl 3 : o 3 n ■ X 3 o • : o 3 . : n . : ; p ." ' . 3 . . . a. Cd. O en ■So 2S2 a n «;5 » t) p '-: «■ !^; 3 S. P- a. c ■ S. = ■ o ^ ' 3 » . a r • ■ ^'. I IJ W •- w :^^S8 8 8^'^ 000 o c The Sioux quartzite, in the azoic system, is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux quartzite has been given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and of a color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the rock is almost every- where of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and west- ward. The Potsdam sandstone formation is ex- posed only in a small portion of the north- eastern part of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the bluffs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. No fossils have been discovered in this for- mation in Iowa. The Lower Magnesian limestone has but little greater geographical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity of texture and stratification, ow- ing to which it is not generall}- valuable for building purposes. The St. Peter's sandstone formation is remaikably uniform in thickness through- out its known geographical extent, and it occupies a large portion of the northern half of Allamakee County; immediately be- neath the drift. With the exception of the Trenton lime- stone, all the limestones of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestone. This formation occupies large portions of Winneshiek and Allamakee counties, and a small part of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for economic purposes ; but there are some compact, even layers that furnish fine material for window caps and sills. -♦♦. ;♦:% :♦::* '*::♦: :«:;♦: :♦:.♦: :«:;♦: :♦::«: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: :♦:>: :'•;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«::<»: >::« <«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦:>: .«;« :♦>: »:;♦: :♦::♦: »: >':♦: 'if.'m »:;♦: ;♦;;♦: .^"♦: ;♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: W£ :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.«: :♦"♦' >::4t :♦:»: ;♦;;♦: :«:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦■: ;«•:♦; :♦"♦; »: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: .>:;-»: if.W. >::♦: :♦::♦: .*;:♦: >:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; * * ■'^ * *■■ ■♦"♦:»"♦::♦::♦:.♦::♦>; !»"^ ■>"♦"■♦•>:>::♦:>;: i6o HISTORY OF IOWA. .*•••; :♦>: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦:>: :♦:+; :♦::♦: :«:« :♦>: [»;:♦: .♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*:'♦; :♦;♦: ;■«•:■♦: :♦:>: :♦:>; :«•'♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :■♦::♦; *::♦: :♦:* •»•:♦; *::♦; :*::♦: .♦..♦: . :♦::♦: >:.'»: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: •:♦;:♦; 'm :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦>: :«.« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :■«:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;*: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :■♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: ;«:« :«;♦: >:>: >:>: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: Wi !»::♦: •»■:;♦: ^H :♦::«: :♦::*: >:;« •♦::♦; ■■*;♦; :♦:!♦; »: The Galena limestone is the upper for- mation of the Trenton Group. It is 150 miles long and seldom exceeds twelve miles in width. It exhibits its greatest develop- ment in Dubuque County. It is nearl}' a pure dolomite with a slight admixture of silicious matter ; good blocks for dressing are sometimes found near the top of the bed, although it is usually unfit for such a purpose. This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have a north and south direction. This ore is mostly that known as galena, or sulphuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. The surface occupied by the Maquoketa shales is more than 100 miles in length, but is singularly long and narrow, seldom reach- ing more than a mile or two in width. The most northern exposure yet recognized is in the western part of Winneshiek County, while the most southerly is in Jackson County, in the bluffs of the Mississippi. The formation is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arenaceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. The area occupied by the Niagara lime- stone is forty and fifty miles in width and nearly 160 miles long from north to south. This formation is entirely a magnesian lime- stone, with a considerable portion of sili- cious matter, in some places, in the form of chert or coarse flint. A large part of it probably affords the best and greatest amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, Lc Claire and Farley are all opened in this formation. The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton limestone and shales, is as great as those by all the formations of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in the State. Its length is nearly 200 miles, and width from forty to fift)-. Portions of it are valuable for economic purposes ; and, having a large geographical extent in the State, is a very important formation. Its value for the pro- duction of hydraulic lime has been demon- strated at Waverly, Bremer Count)'. The heavier and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other material requiring strength and durability. A coral occurs near Iowa City, known as " Iowa City marble" and " bird's-eye mar- ble." Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous, viz., the sub- carboniferous, coal measures and Permian, only the first two are found in Iowa. The Subcarboniferous group occupies a very large area of surface. Its eastern border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with considerable di- rectness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington County. It then makes a broad and direct bend nearly- eastward, striking the Mississippi at Mus- catine. The southern and western bound- aries are to a considerable extent the same as that which separates it from the real field. From the southern part of Poca- hontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of Jasper Count}', thence southeastward to Sigour- nev, in Keokuk County, thence to the north- eastern corner of Jefferson Count\% thence sweeping a few miles eastward to the south- east corner of Van Buren County. Its arc is about 250 miles long and from twenty to fifty miles wide. The most southerly exposure of the Kin- **:< - :•»;.♦; ;♦;;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :'••;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:% :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦:>: .^::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :•»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦"<■; :♦:•♦•: :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦"♦: :♦;;♦: »:»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦; :♦;;♦: :«:;<»: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"■»; :♦::♦: :♦;:«: :♦:;♦; :«:♦; :♦;»: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;•»: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: !♦"♦: :♦::♦: .^:»: >::«: :«::♦: ;♦;;♦: .♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::»: :♦::«! :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: >:>: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: >;•»: <»:;♦; 'm. ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦:>; :«::« :♦;:♦; •»■■•♦; *:♦; F-^i :♦:>! :♦::♦; *j^ :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;* *H :♦::< :♦::* :♦::■« »: :♦:;« *;^ i :♦:;♦: »::* :♦::•« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: W.'M :♦;:■« :♦::«! :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦;* :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::« :♦::* :♦::« :♦::-« :♦::•« :♦::•*! :♦::■« :«::♦' :♦:■« :♦"♦: :♦::« :♦:;« :*::«5 :♦;:« :♦:;« :♦::« :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;;« :«:♦> :♦:>: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦;*: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::«£ :♦:>: :*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«;♦: ;♦::♦: '♦::»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :«:;♦: :♦:»: :♦:;♦: ;♦:>: :♦::«! :♦::♦: 'MM H/STOnr OF IOWA. 161 derhook beds is in Des Moines County, near the mouth of Skunk River. The most northerl}' now known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than 200 miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation arc along the bluffs which border the Mississippi and Skunk rivers, where they form the eastern and northern bound- ary of Des Moines County ; along English River, in Washington County ; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Franklin counties, and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. This formation has a considerable economic value, particularly in the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt counties it is invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building purposes. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this formation, and the quarries near Le Grand are very valu- able. At this point some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into both useful and ornamental objects. In Tama County the oolitic mem- ber is well exposed, where it is manufact- ured into lime. Upon exposure to atmos- phere and frost it crumbles to pieces ; consequently it is not valuable for building purposes. The Burlington limestone is carried down by the southerly dip of the Iowa rocks, so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, near the southern boundar}' of Des Moines County ; it has been recognized in the northern part of Washington County, which is the most northerly point that it has been found ; but it probably exists as far north as Marshall County. Much valuable material is afforded by this formation for economic purposes. The upper division furnishes excellent com- mon quarry rock. Geologists are attracted by the great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be more than 300. The Keokuk limestone formation is to be seen only in four counties : Lee, Van Buren, Henry and Des Moines. In some localities the upper silicious portion is known as the Geode bed ; it is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less masses of silex, usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz ; the outer crust is rough and unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful ; they vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. This formation is of great economic value. Large quantities of its stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the postoffices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. The St. Louis limestone is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous group in Iowa. It occupies a small superficial area, consisting of long, narrow strips, yet its extent is very great. It is first seen resting on the Geode division ol the Keokuk limestone, near Keo- kuk ; proceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jeffer- son, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska counties; it is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone River, where it again passes out of view under the Coal Measures, until it is next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in Iowa, it consists of three tolerabl)' distinct sub-divisions : The mag- nesian, arenaceous and calcareous. The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren Count}', large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of .♦•• \<. ^'. :♦>. >;>! >;:♦: »: !»^:*; *:♦: :♦:;♦; >;;♦; Wi :♦:♦; »:m ;•*.:♦: !'«:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: [* "•' ;« ■ > < ■ :♦;♦: ;♦:;«•: :■«■;♦: > . c :♦!> >s :*s: :♦::*: :♦>:' ;♦:;♦: :♦::-'■: :♦::* ;•»:<.'. :■»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;«£ :♦::« :♦:>: :♦:»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«:•»: :«:« »;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: *;>: >::*• :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; !♦::♦: :♦>; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: 'MM :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«■: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«:« :♦::♦; »;;♦: »;:« :♦>: ;.*r*:>:>:.*:>;:«>;:*:>::ccc«'::cc»;>;>;:»;>;>;;*;;*;*:*:>;>;:c»;>':^^ :<• ,*: ♦:» :♦"♦: '♦>: ♦:.♦: :♦':♦: V y •S- s» •>:'♦' ■ ♦: '■;♦: -A" .■.'♦; ■'•::♦: :♦■::♦; :♦;.♦: :♦:♦: :•♦::♦: .♦:,* :♦::♦: :♦:>; >::« '♦:>• >:>; >:>' :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦"«': :♦::♦: ■♦;;♦: >;:♦: :♦;:♦' >:»: »::♦: :♦"♦: *::♦: ;♦::♦: >:'♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: ,♦.♦. :•»::♦: >"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: !»::♦: >::♦: »: :♦;:♦: :♦::«: ♦♦: '■■•(■/ 162 msTORr OF IOWA. little value. The lower, or magnesian di- vision, furnishes a valuable and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren Count)', and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. The Coal Measure group is properly divided into three formations, viz.: The Lower, Middle and Upper Coal Measures, each having a vertical thickness of about 200 feet. The Lower Coal Measures exist eastward and northward of the Des Moines River, and also occupy a large area west- ward and southward of that river, but their southerly dip passes them below the Middle Coal Measures at no great distance from the river. This formation possesses greater economic value than any other in the whole State. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes a large amount of ma- terial for potter's use. The sandstone of these measures is usual!}' soft and unfit, but in some places, as in Red Rock in Marion County, blocks of large dimensions are ob- tained, which make good building material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. The Upper Coal Measures occupy a ver}' large area, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the State. By its northern and eastern bound- aries it adjoins the area occupied by the Middle Coal Measures. The next strata in the geological series are of the Cretaceous age. They are found in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations upon whicli they rest, to the southward and west- ward, but have a general dip of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. Although the actual ex- posures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is reason to believe that nearly all the western half of tlie State was originally occupied by them ; but they have been removed b)' denudation, which has taken place at two separate periods. The Nishnabotany sandstone has the most easterly and southerly extent of the cre- taceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of Guthrie Count}- and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the northward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing beneath the chalky beds. This sandstone is, with few exceptions, valueless for economic purposes. The chalky beds rest upon the Wood- bury sandstone and shales. They have not been observed in Iowa except in the bluffs which border the Big Sioux River in Wood- bury and Plymouth counties. They are composed almost entirely of calcareous ma- terial, the upper portion of which is exten- sively used for lime. No building material can be obtained from these beds, and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at some time may be use- ful on the soil of the adjacent region. Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is estimated, contain the following areas : Cerro Gordo County, 1,500 acres; Worth, 2,000; Winnebago, 2,- 000; Hancock, 1,500; Wright, 500; Kos- suth, 700; Dickinson, 80. Several other counties contain peat beds, but the peat is inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The beds are of an average depth of four feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish 250 tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present this peat is not utilized ; but owing to its great distance from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when its value will be fully realized. The only sulphate of the alkaline earths of any economic value is gypsum, and it may be found in the vicinity of Fort Dodge in Webster County. The deposit occupies a nearly central position in the county, the Des Moines River running nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen in the form of ordinary :»:».♦: :♦;;-•■ >::♦; >;:«• :♦::♦; >:>' >;:♦ >■♦ >::♦ >:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: >::♦' ■»:;♦; .♦:;♦: >::♦: >■■* :♦;:♦: ;♦::•: ;♦"♦ >;;♦: :«':♦: >;♦' :♦.:♦: :♦:>; >::♦: *>: ;♦:»•; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦; .*:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :■»!:♦: ;♦:;♦: >':♦' >;<■; :♦;■»• ;♦;:♦; 'fi:#. w.w. :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::«! :«::♦: :♦::«; :«:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::< :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: ;♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: *■* :♦"* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ' :♦;.♦: >::♦: ;♦;*; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: .>::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦';♦: :< .♦ ** :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦' ;♦;♦: ;♦:;♦; ' > '♦ t > '♦' ♦' ♦ «' «' v *' '*' *' A *' A « A' . ♦;*;♦..♦::♦..♦ +:♦;:♦:>::♦"♦;;♦ :♦:;♦: :♦:'♦: »; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«■:♦! :♦::♦: >:>: :♦>! >:.♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>■ >;>: :♦:>: ;♦;;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦:';»; '*•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :«':;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: :«::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: >:>; :♦::♦: >:>: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:;«: :♦;;■♦; :♦::♦: >:'♦; :♦;:♦. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :4::« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::*: :«:♦: :♦::»: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;■»"♦: ;«<»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :«« a>, ' HISTORY OF IOWA. ■63 rock cliff and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River and almost adjoining the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from the northerly point mentioned. The width of the area is unknown, as the gypsum be- comes lost beneath the overlying drift, as one goes up the ravines and minor valleys. On either side of the creeks and ravines which come into the valley of the Des Moines River, the gypsum is seen jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of ledges and bold quarry fronts, having al- most the exact appearance of ordinary lime- stone exposures, so horizontal and regular its lines of stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below Fort Dodge. Epsomite, or native Epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, all the sulphates of alkaline earths of natural origin have been recognized in Iowa, all except the sulphate of lime being in very small quantity. Sulphate of lime in the various forms of fibrous g3'psum, selenite and small, amor- phous masses, has also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, including the Coal Measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small .quantities, quite independently of the great gypsum of deposit there. The quantity of gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, usually occurring in shales and shaly clays, associated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron. Gypsum has thus 15 been detected in the Coal Measures, the St. Louis limestone, the Cretaceous strata, and also in the dead caves of Dubuque. Sulphate of strontia is found at Fort Dodge. CLIMATE. The greatest objection to the climate of this State is the prevalence of wind, which is somewhat greater than in the States south and east, but not so great as farther west. The air is purer than either east or south, as indicated by the bluer sky and conse- quent deeper green vegetation, and is therefore more bracing. By way of con- trast, Northern Illinois has a whiter sky and a consequent more yellowish green vegetation. The prevailing direction of the wind is from the west. Thunder-storms are somewhat more vio- lent here than east or south, but not so furious as toward the Rocky Mountains. The greatest rainfall is in the southeastern part of the State, and the least in the north- western portion. The increase of timber growth is increasing the amount of rain, as well as distributing it more evenly through- out the year. As elsewhere in the North- western States, easterly winds bring rain and snow, while westerly ones clear the sky. While the highest temperature occurs here in August, the month of Jul}^ averages the hottest, and January the coldest. The mean temperature of April and October nearly corresponds to the mean temperature of the year, as well as to the seasons of spring and fall, while that of summer and winter is best represented by August and Decem- ber. Indian summer is ticlightful and well prolonged. Untimely frosts sometimes oc- cur, but seldom severely enough to do great injur)-. The wheat crop being a staple product of this State, and not injured at all by frost, this great resource of the State continues intact. ;♦=:♦( *?( :♦;:♦. :♦:>: *?i ;♦::♦: *^ :♦::♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >!:♦: >;;♦: >;;♦; :♦::♦' >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; >::♦; >:;♦; :♦;:♦; *? :♦;:« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦"< :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦!>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: *i* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;;♦: :«:♦: >::♦: >>' .»>; ♦>; <•>; .♦:♦: >;«■: »;:♦: ♦:;♦; *:>; ♦ >; >>: >>; >:* :♦::•« >::♦: *;«5 <'::« >:♦; ^:*; •>>; ■^::<>; '• >; '::♦: ♦:>; >::♦; /•::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:>: >::*•: ♦ :*; ■>'M :■>::♦; *>: »::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; •::♦; ♦:;46 <>>: '-::>: •■:;♦; ;»:>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: V.'M -::♦: 164 His'ioar OF IOWA. CENSUS OF IOWA. COUNTIES. Adair Adams Allamakee Appanoose . . . , Audubon Benton Black Hawk Boone Bremer Buchanan Buena Vista Butler Calhoun Carroll Cass Cedar Cerro Gordo. . . . Cherokee Chicka.saw Clarke Clay Clayton Clinton Crawford Dallas Davis Decatur Delaware Des Moines Dickinson Dubuque Emmitt Favelto Floyd Franklin Fremont Greene Grundy Guthrie Hamilton Hancock Hardin Harrison Henry Howard Humboldt Ida Iowa Jackson Jasper Jefferson Johnson Jones Keokuk Kossuth Lee Linn Louisa Lucas Lyon Madison Mahaska Marion , Marshall Mills 1S50 1S60. I 1870. Ill 3.'3' 672 13.^ 735 517 3.941 709 3,873 2,82.! 8.S4 7,264 9'>5 1,759 12,988 10,841 "825 1,244 8,707 S22 7,210 1,280 9,904 4.472 3.007 4,822 18,861 5.444 4,939 47> 1,179 S9S9 5,482 338 984 1,533 12,237 11,931 454 8,496 8,244 4,232 4,915 7,906 57 3,724 '47 281 1,612 12,949 940 58 4,336 5,427 52 20,728 18,938 383 5,244 13,764 8,677 11,024 19,611 I So 31, 164 105 12,073 3,744 1,309 5,074 1,374 793 3,058 1,699 179 5.«o 3,621 18,701 3,168 332 „ ^3 8,029 18,493 9,883 15,038 '7.573 13.306 13.2 416 29,232 18,947 10,370 S.766 7..339 14,816 16813 6,015 4,481 3.98 4,614 17,868 16,456 1,212 22,454 21,706 14.584 12,52b 17.034 1..585 9.951 1,602 2,451 5.464 19.731 4,722 1,967 io,i8c 8,735 1.5-3 27.77' 35.35 2.530 12,019 15.56.= 12,018 17.432 27,2.S6 1,389 38,969 1.392 16,973 10,768 4.73S 11,174 4,62 6,399 7,061 6,055 999 13,684 8,93' 21,463 6,282 2,596 226 16,664 22,619 22,116 17,839 24,898 19,731 19434 3.35' 37,210 28,852 '2,877 10,388 221 13,884 22,508 24.436 17.576 8.718 1880. 11,199 il,i8S '9,791 16,636 7.448 24,888 23913 20,838 14,081 '8,547 7.537 14.293 5 595 12.351 16,943 18.937 11,461 8,240 14.534 ",SI2 4,248 28,829 36,764 12.413 18,746 16,468 15.336 17.952 33.099 1,901 42,997 1,550 22,258 14.677 10,248 17,653 12,725 12.639 14,863 11,252 3.453 17,808 16,649 20,826 10,837 6,341 4,382 19,221 23,771 25,962 17,478 25,429 21,052 2I,2"S9 6,179 34,859 37,235 13,146 14,530 1,968 17.22'; 25,201 2.5,1" 23.752 '4,'35 COUNTIES. 1850. >::;*:c*;>;>:.*>;>"*;:ccc»>;>;>:>>:>:>:>: •»::♦;;♦::♦>;>::♦:■ Mitchell Monona Monroe Montgomery. . . Muscatine O'Brien Osceola Page Palo Alto Plymouth Pocahontas. . . . Polk Pottawattamie. Poweshiek Ringgold Sac Scott Shelby Sioux Story Tama Taylor Union Van Buren.... Wapello Warren Washington. . . Wayne Webster Winnebago. . . Winneshiek.. . . Woodbury Worth Wright •884 5,73' 55 4,513 7,828 615 5,986 8 204 12,270 8,471 961 4.957 340 546 Total. 192.214 i860. 3.409 832 8,61 1.256 16,444 8 4,419 132 148 103 11.625 4,968 5.668 2,923 246 25.959 818 ID 4,051 5,285 3.590 2,012 17,081 14.518 10,281 14.235 6,409 2,504 168 13,942 1,119 756 653 1S70. 1S80. 9,582 3,654 12,724 5.934 21,688 7'S 9.975 1.336 2,199 1,446 27.857 16,893 15,581 5,691 1,411 38,509 2,549 570 11,651 16,131 6,989 5.986 17,672 22,346 17,980 18,952 11.287 10,484 1,562 23,570 6,172 2,892 2,392 674,913 1,191,792 1,624,463 14,361 9,05s i3,7'9 15.895 23.163 4.15s 2,219 19,667 4,131 8,567 3,713 42,.395 39,846 18,936 12,085 8,774 41,270 12,696 5,426 16,966 2i,.58s 15.63s 14,980 17,042 25,282 19,578 20,37S 16,127 15,950 4,917 23.937 14,997 7,953 5,062 TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. Governors.— Ko\iCx\. Lucas, 1 838-41; John Chamber, 1841-45; James Clark, 1S45. Secretaries. — Wm. B. Conway, 183S, died 1839; James Clark, i839-'4i ; O. H. W. StuU, 1841-43; Samuel J. Burr, 1843-45; Jesse Williams, 1845. Auditors. — Jesse Williams, 1840-43; Will- iam L. Gilbert, 1843-45; Robert M. Secrest, 1845- Treasurers. — Thornton Bay lie, 1839-40; Morgan Reno, 1840. Judges Charles Mason, Chief Justice. 1838; Joseph Williams, 1838; Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. Presidents of Council. — Jesse B. Brown, 1838-49; Stephen Hempstead, 1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840- '41; J. W. Parker, i84i-'42'' John D. Elbert, 1842-43 ; Thomas Cox, .■"♦:>>>T4rcccco>ro:»"o:>:>"o::co"»"o:>;:*::*:i»: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>; :♦::♦; »: >::♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦:>: :♦:>; >!>; ;♦>: :♦::♦: >::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: >::♦; >::♦: :<♦; >;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;♦: ;«•;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦!:♦: >::♦: >;♦; >;:♦: ;♦.:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦.;«■ :♦:>; :♦:>; >.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; >:;♦; :♦::♦: >:>: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !*::«: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦; >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>: ;♦:.<« »::«■: :♦;:♦; :♦::•': >*'■ '♦ » :♦«•; :♦:.♦: >::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: !«:« :♦::« »::♦: :♦::♦: :«»: :«;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: »::♦: :♦:;«: :♦::♦: !*:;♦: :♦::« %:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: •»::♦;■ :♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :«:♦: :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: >:;♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦>: :«:% :♦:.♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: '»:;♦: :« :♦::♦: >:;♦: :«:'♦: :♦>: :♦»♦: :♦:;« :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ♦;« .♦>: f»: .;■*'•♦'♦♦;<■♦ » ..*.*..*..*..*..->i.*.y. :'■'.■'■ HISTORT OF IOWA. «6S 1843-44; S. Clinton Hasting, 1845; Stephen Hempstead, i845-'46. Speakers of the House. — William H. Wal- lace, i838-'39; Edward Johnson, i839-'40; Thomas Cox, i840-'3i ; Warner Lewis, l84i-'42; James M. Morgan, iS42-'43; James P. Carleton, i843-'44; James M.Morgan, 1845 : George W. McLeary, i845-'46. STATE OFFICERS. Governors. — Ansel Briggs, i846-'5o; Stephen Hempstead, i850-'54: James W. Grimes, i854-'58; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858- '60; Samuel J. Kirkwood, i86o-'64; Will- iam ^L Stone, i864-'68; Samuel Morrill, i868-'72; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872-76; Samuel J. Kirkwood, i876-'77; J- G. New- bold, 1877-78 : John H. Gear, 1878-82: Buren R. Sherman, i882-'86; William Lar- rabee, 1886. Lieutenant-Governors. — Oran Faville, 1858- '60; Nicholas J. Rusch, i86o-'62; John R. Needham, i862-'64; Enoch W. Eastman, i864-'66 ; Benjamin F. Gue, i866-'68 ; John Scott, \868-'7o; M. ]\L Walden, i87o-'72 ; H. C. Bulls, 1872-74; Joseph Dysart, i874-'76; Joshua G. Ncwbold, i876-'78; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-82; Orlando H. Manning, i882-'85 ; John A. T. Hull, 1886. This office was created by the new con- stitution Sept. 3, 1857. Secretaries of State. — Elisha Cutter, Jr., i846-'48; Joseph H. Bonney, 1848-50; George W. McCleary, i850-'56; Elijah Sells, i856-'63; James Wright, i863-'67; Ed. Wright, 1867-73; Josiah T. Young, 1873-79; J. A. T. Hull, i879-'85 ; Franklin D. Jackson, 1885. Auditors of State. — Joseph T. Fales, i846-'50; William Pattee, i8so-'54; Andrew J. Stevens, i854-'55 ; John Pattee, i8S5-'59 : Jonathan W. Cattell, 1859-65; John A. Elliott, 1865-71; John Russell, 1871 -'75 ; Buren R. Sherman, i875-'8i ; Wm. V. Lucas, 1881 ; John L. Brown, 1882-83 ; J. W. Cattell, acting, i885-'86. Treasurers of State. — Morgan Reno, i846-'5o; Israel Kister, i850-'52 ; ALirtin L. Morris, 1852-59; John W. Jones, i859-'63; William H. Holmes, i863-'67; Samuel E. Rankin, i867-'73 ; William Christy, 1873- '77 ; George W. Bemis, i877-'8i ; Edwin H. Conger, i88i-'85 ; Voltaire Twombly, 1885. Attorticy-Ge7ierals. — David C. Cloud, 1853-56; Samuel A. Rice, i856-'6o; Charles C. Nourse, i86o-'64; Isaac L. Allen, 1865- '66; Frederick E. Bisscll, i866-'67; Henry O'Connor, i867-'72; Marcena E. Cutts, i872-'76; John F. Mcjunkin, i877-'8i ; Smith McPherson, 1881-85 ; A. J. Baker, 1885. Adjutant-Generals. — Daniel S. Lee, 185 1- '55; George W. McCleary, 1855-57; Eli- jah Sells, 1857; Jesse Bowen, i857-'6i ; Na- thaniel Baker, i86i-'77; John H. Looby, i877-'78; W. L, Alexander, i878-'84. Registers of the State Land-Office. — Anson Hart, i855-'57 ; Theodore S. Parvin, 1857- '59; Amos B. Miller, i859-'62 ; Edwin Mitchell, i862-'63; Josiah A. Harvey, i863-'67; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1867-71; Aaron Brown, i87i-'75 ; David Secor, i875-'79; J. K. Powers, i879-'82.* Superintendents of Public Jjistruction. — James Harlan, 1847- '48; Thos. H. Benton, Jr., i848-'54; James D. Eads, i854-'57, Joseph C. Stone, 1857; Maturin L. Fisher, i857-'58; Oran Faville, 1S64- '67; D. Frank- lin Wells, 1867-68 ; A. S. Kissell, i868-'72; Alonzo Abernethy, i872-'76; Carl W. Van Coelen, i876-'82; John W. Akers, i882-'84. This office was created in 1847 and abol- ished in 1858, and the duties then devolved upon the secretary of the Board of Educa- tion ; it was re-created March 23, 1864. State Printers. — Garrett D. Palmer and George Paul, i849-'5i ; William H. Merritt, j85I-'53; William A. Hornish, 1853; Den- *Offlce abolished January i, 1883, and duties devolved on tlie Secretary of State ;♦ ♦. :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::■♦; :*::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: >.;«': :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ,«:«: :♦;:♦: ■*:♦: :♦>: '»:>f. .«;♦: .»: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦::«: >:>: :■«>:♦: :♦:»: .*:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :«;:« :♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦:.♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;♦; .>:;'»: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦>: .!»:.4>: :♦:.« '♦::♦: :♦:»: :«::♦: :«::«! :♦:♦: :•♦;:♦: »::♦: >:;♦; •»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; »:;♦: .*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: '*"*'. :♦"♦: 'fCff. .>::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::«; !»::'«': ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; >^* .♦:;♦: '*::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;<»; .♦>: :♦;♦; :♦:,': :♦>. '-;♦::♦::♦:>::♦;.♦;;♦;:♦;:♦;:♦;>;;♦;;♦;;♦;;♦;;♦:;■«•;♦,' •, > • .♦. ,♦, .♦. ♦ ♦ .♦ .♦. .♦ .♦ ;♦ .♦ ;♦ .♦ .♦. .♦. ;♦: .♦ .♦ .♦ .♦ .♦. .♦ • ■»■*:♦:>"♦;*'' >:;♦;:♦;;♦;:♦;;♦..•' i66 HISTORY OF IOWA. >;;♦: >:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: 5»:>. :♦"♦ >:* :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"■«• :♦;:♦: >::«• ;*:* • >:>: >:;♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: >;:•«; ;♦;:♦; >:;♦: >:>: :♦:;♦. :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦;;* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: »"♦: >"♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦. >:;♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::«: »; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::■«•: :♦;;♦: :«:♦: »: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :«:« :♦::♦: »-♦: »:»; :«:«' :♦:.% »"♦: :■•!>: »;;♦: >.:♦: :*:♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ' :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :'^>: >::♦: >:>: :«:« :♦>: :«>: »::« :♦;:♦: :♦:% :♦:;♦: :*::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: '* * nis A. Mahoney and Joseph B. Dorr, 1853- '55; Peter Moriarty, i855-'S7; John Tees- dale, 1857-61 ; Francis VV. Palmer, 1861- •69; Frank M. Mills, iSeg-'/i ; G. W. Ed- wards, i87i-'73 ; Rich. P. Clarkson, 1873- '79; Frank M. Mills, i879-'8i ; Geo. E. Roberts, 1881. State Binders. — William M. Coles, 1855- '58; Frank M. Mills, 1858-67; James S. Carter, 1867-71 ; J.J. Smart, i87i-'7S ; H. A. Perkins, 1875-79; Matt. Parrott, 1879- '85 ; L. S. Merchant, 1885. Secretaries of Board of Education. — T. H. Benton, Jr., i859-'63 ; Oran Faville, i863-'64. This office was abolished March 23, 1864. Presidents of the Senate.— 'Y\\.ovc\:xs Baker, i846-'47; Thomas Hughes, 1847-48; John J. Selman, 1848-49; Enos Lowe, i849-'5i ; Wm. E. Leffingwell, i85i-'53; Maturn L. Fisher, i853-'55 ; Wm. W. Hamilton, 1855- '57- Under the new Constitution the Lieuten- ant-Governor is President of the Senate. Speakers of the House. — Jesse B. Brown, 1846-48; Smiley H. Bonham, i848-'5o; George Temple, i85o-'52 ; James Grant, i852-'54; Reuben Noble, 1854-56; Samuel McFarland, 1856-57; Stephen B. Sheledy, i857-'S9; John Edwards, i859-'6i ; Rush Clark, 1861-63 ; Jacob Butler, i863-'65; Ed. Wright, i865-'67; John Russell, i867-'69; Aylett R. Cotton, 1 869-71 ; James Wilson, i87i-'73; John H. Gecr, 1873-77 ; John Y. Stone, 1877-79; Lore Alford, 1880-81 ; G. R. Struble, i882-'83; Wm. P. Wolf, 1884; Albert Head, I086. Chief Justices of the Supreme Court. — Charles Mason, 1847; Joseph Williams, 1847-48; S. Clinton Hastings, 1848-49; Joseph Williams, 1849-55; George G. Wright, 1855-60; Ralph P. Lowe, i86o-'62; Caleb Baldwin, i862-'64; George G. Wright, 1864-66; Ralph P. Lowe, 1866- '68; John F. Dillon, 1868-70; Chester C. Cole, i87o-'7' ; James G. Day, i87i-'72; Joseph M. Beck, 1872-74 ; W. E. Miller, i874-'76; Chester C. Cole, 1876; Wm. H. Seevers, 1 876-77; James G. Day, 1877-78; James H. Rothrock, i878-'83 and '84; Joseph M. Beck, i879-'8o and '85 ; Austin Adams, i88o-'8i and '86; Wm. H. Seevers, 1882. Associate Justices. — Joseph Williams, held over from territorial government until a successor was appointed ; Thomas S. Wil- son, 1847; John F. Kinney, iS47-'54; George Greene, i847-'55; Jonathan C. Hall, 1854- '55 ; William G. Woodward, 1855 ; Norman W. Isbell, i855-'56; Lacon D. Stockton, i856-"6o; Caleb Baldwin, i86o-'64; Ralph P. Lowe, 1 860; George G. Wright, i860; John F. Dillon, i864-'7o; Chester C. Cole, i864-'77; Joseph M. Beck, 1868; W. E. Miller, 1870; James G. Day, 1870. United States Senators. — Augustus C. Dodge, i848-'55 ; George W. Jones, 1848- '59; James Harlan, i855-'65 ; James W. Grimes, i859-'69; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1866; James Harlan, 1867-73; James B. Howell, 1870; George G. Wright, 1871- 'yy, William B. Allison, 1873-79; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1877-81; Wm. B. AUison, i879-'85; James W. McDill, 1881 ; James F. Wilson, 1883. Present State Officers (1886). — Governor, William Larrabee ; Secretary of State, Frank D. Jackson ; Auditor of State, J. W. Cattell, acting ; Treasurer, Voltaire Twom- bly ; Superintendent Public Instruction, John W. Akers ; Printer, George E. Rob- erts; Binder, L. S. Merchant; Adjutant- General, W. L. Alexander ■ Librarian, Mrs. S. B. Maxwell. Supreme Court. — William H. Seevers, Chief Justice, Oskaloosa; James G. Day, Sidney, James H. Rothrock, Tipton, Joseph M. Beck, Fort Madison, Austin Adams, Dubuque, Judges; A. J. 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In 1820 and again in 1828, he was chosen one of the Presidential electors of Ohio. In Ma}-, 1832, at Baltimore, Maryland, he presided over the first Democratic National Con- vention — that which nominated Andrew Jackson for his second term as President, and Martin Van Buren for Vice Presi- dent. In 1832 he was elected Governor of Ohio, and re-elected in 1834. He declined a third nomination for the same office. Under the act of Congress to divide tne Territory of Wisconsin and to establish the territorial government of Iowa, approved June 12, 1838, the subject of this sketch was appointed Governor of the new Territor}-, and he immediate}}' accepted the responsi- bility. A journey from the interior of Ohio to the banks of the Upper Mississippi was then a matter of weeks ; so that, although Governor Lucas set out from his home on the 25th of July, delaying on his route a few days at Cincinnati, to arrange for the selection of the books for a territorial library, it was not till nearly the middle of August that he reached Burlington, then the temporary seat of government. The first official act of Lucas as Gov- ernor of Iowa was to issue a proclamation dated August 13, 1838, dividing the Terri- tory into eight representative districts, ap- portioning the members of the Council and House of Representatives among the nine- teen counties then composing the Terri- tory, and appointing the second Monday in September ensuing for the election of members of the Legislative Assembly and a delegate to Congress. His first message to the Legislature, after its organization, was dated November 12, 1838, and related chiefly to a code of laws for the new com- monwealth. He opposed imprisonment for debt, favored the death penalty for murder (executions to be in the presence of only the Sheriff and a suitable number of wit- nesses), and strenuously urged the organi- zation of a liberal system of common schools. The organization of the militia was also one of his pet measures. There was a broad difference between the views of a majority of this Legislative Assembly and the Governor, on many questions of public policy, as well as points of authority. This resulted in the sending to the Presi- dent of a memorial, dated January 12, 1839, signed by eight of the council and seven of the Representatives, praying the re- moval of Governor Lucas. In addition to this, a memorial for the Governor's re- moval was passed by both Houses, signed in due form by their presiding officers, and transmitted to the President. The charges made were met by a protest signed by eight Representatives, and as a result Gov- ernor Lucas was allowed to remain in office until the next change of administration. In 1839 and '40 occurred the well-known boundary dispute with Missouri, which was finally settled in favor of Iowa, by the Supreme Court of the United States. No- vember 5, 1S39, Governor Lucas announced that the Territory had advanced in improve- ment, wealth and population (which latter was estimated at 50,000) without a parallel in history, and recommended the necessary legislation preparatory to the formation of a State government. This was overruled by the people, however. Among the latest of Governor Lucas's acts was a proclama- tion dated April 30, 1841, calling the Leg- islature to assemble, for the first time, at Iowa City, the new capitol. March 25, 1841, he was succeeded by John Chambers. He lived a private life near Iowa City until his death, February 7, 1853, at the age of seventy-one years. :♦:■- ' ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :*::♦: :C4! :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:« >;:♦: >;:♦; ;♦;;♦; *.*< ♦:♦ >;♦: :♦;;♦; >::♦: :•♦•;♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: ^^ :♦:♦: :♦:••• :♦:>: :♦;;♦: >;:♦; :♦;;♦: *S :♦;>: >::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ffA :♦::♦: :♦:»: v.A :♦:;♦: HM ;♦:♦: :♦;;♦: ■*:>; :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:>: >;;♦: ;♦:;♦; :«•>: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :«::'•>: :♦":♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: >:>: :♦:;♦; :♦:» :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦;■«•: ;♦;:♦) :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦;;♦; >:>: :♦.:♦: :♦:>: •♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;* :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦:;'*: ;♦:*■ :♦.*■ ♦::c♦::o::c♦^:?Kaf»>;^l!>;:♦:*:c♦"♦:!»::*:♦"♦;:♦:»^♦"*.:♦:s:♦" :♦::- :♦ •»;.v :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: ;♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: :♦::'»: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ;«::♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:»: :♦:»: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: KK :«;:♦: :♦"♦: ;♦"♦: :♦:•!•: :«"♦: <»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;«::♦: :♦::»: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;••! ;♦::'»: :♦:»: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >;•»: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦:>: :♦"♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"'»: :♦;»: :♦;>; :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :«::«■ :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: :«':>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: *::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; i?* :♦;;♦;.♦. ;♦»"♦"♦>:;♦:»"♦::♦::♦;»::♦::♦ yO/AV CHAMBERS. '^.W.W.'ff.W.'^' ^ ,♦»>;;♦;■» '73 ■gj^jQt- ■ 1 a» ^ ^ -rr r* ^1-rr ra ¥» n n rr TCT "jt<-, < <' i ' i t( I) ( l) i l ii'^4^^^^=i?<> l)g l< i i( I I( l)| ii ll i l >i I i i ii | l » ( l l l l tlOti: J3 'i ^)^ .4 .-^'OHN CHAMBERS was the second Governor of Iowa Territory. He was born October 6, 1780, at Bromley Bridge, Somer- set County, New Jersey. His father, Rowland Cham- bers, was born in Pennsyl- vania, of Irish parentage. According to a tradition in the family, their remote ancestors were Scotch, and belonged to the clan Cam- eron. Having refused to join in the rebellion of 1645, they migrated to Ireland, where, by an act of Parliament, on their own petition, they took the name of Cham- bers. Rowland Chambers espoused with enthusiasm the cause of American inde- pendence, and was commissioned a Colonel of New Jersey militia. At the close of the war, reduced in circumstances, he immi- grated to Kentucky and settled in Wash- ington, then the seat of Mason County. John, the youngest of seven children, was then fourteen years old. A few days after the fami'y settled m their new home he found employment in a dry-goods store, and the following spring was sent to Transylvania Seminary, at Lexington. He returned home in less than a year. In 1797 i« »::«:«:«»:*:«sK»;ii5»a»"«««i:*:*»;:c»>:>:;*;.Kc**^^^^ .♦;*;:*;»:»:»:*;:*:c*»:»:;c*x*:k:ccc*:*;»:»;»»;:c*:«>::*'L«t:*:*:'*. he became deputy under Francis Taylor, Clerk of the District Court. His duties being light, he applied himself to the study of law. In the spring of 1800 he assumed all the duties of the office in which he had been employed, and in November following he was licensed to practice law. In 1803 J^^''- Chambers, who had now entered upon a career of uninterrupted professional prosperity, was married to Miss Margaret Taylor, of Hagerstown, Mary- land. She lived but about three years, and in 1807 he married Miss Hannah Taylor, a sister of his first wife. Not long after he engaged in the manufacture of bale rope and bagging for the Southern market. In this he incurred heavy losses. In the campaign of 181 2 he served as aid-de-camp to General Harrison, with the rank of Major. In 1815 Mr. Chambers was sent to the Legislature, and in 1828 he went to Congress to fill the unexpired term of General Thomas Metcalfe. In 1830 and 1831 he was again in the State Legislature. In 1832 he lost his wife. She was a lady of cultivated mind and elegant manners, and had made his home a happy and attractive one. The same year he was offered a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of Kentucky, but this he declined. The same office was tendered him in 1835, but before the time for taking his seat, he was obliged :♦..>. :♦;•: :♦:;♦; :♦.;♦: ;♦::♦: •♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦,>; :«:':♦: :♦:>: »::♦; »;:♦: >::♦: »:m :♦:>; :♦::«■: MM :•::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: yf.'M >::♦: >>: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::'»: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦>: :♦::■»! >::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: 'M'M :♦::♦: :«;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; •«•»; :♦::♦. MM :♦::♦; :♦;>: 'M'M »::♦•; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»■;♦; :♦;>; :♦;:♦, MM MM MM M.'y. :♦;,♦: :«>: ;♦:;♦; :♦;.♦; :♦:♦: ve >:>:>:>:3i£:«^«3>:>::4i:^^ >:♦. >::♦: :♦;>; >;.♦: :♦:;«; ;♦:;♦; :♦♦: :*;:♦; :♦:♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :»:* :♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦::♦: >:♦; •♦::■»: >:♦: :*:*: :♦::♦; :»"♦: :♦;,*: :♦::♦; :■*:'♦; :♦:•»: ♦>; .*;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:*: ■♦:>: :*::♦: >;:♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;•♦•: ;♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >;;♦; »; :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: >::♦: >:;>: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >♦: :♦:;♦•: ■*:♦: >->: ♦ ♦: >:>: >:♦: :♦:♦: >:* ♦::♦; >:♦; .♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦)♦: :♦:»; >:♦; :♦:♦; >:♦: :♦:♦; :♦:;♦: ♦ ♦: .♦:;♦: >;:♦: :♦;♦; ♦:♦: '74 GOVEPNORS OF IOWA. to resign, out of consideration for his health. From 1835 to 1839 he was in Congress, making for himself a high reputation. Between 1815 and 1828 Mr. Chambers was, for several years, the commonwealth's attorney for the judicial district in which he lived. He was during that period at the zenith of his reputation as a lawyer and ad- vocate. He met the giants of the Ken- tucky bar in important civil and criminal trials. His well-known high sense of honor, and his contempt for professional chicanery, commanded the respect of his legal com- peers. His appearance and manner were dignified, his tone calm and impressive, and his language singularly direct and vigorous. He closed his congressional career in 1839 with the purpose of resuming the practice of law, but his old friend General Harrison was nominated for the Presi- dency and induced him to aid in the personal canvass General Harrison made through the country. He was urged by President Harrison to accept some office requiring his residence in Washington, but this he declined, though he afterward ac- cepted the appointment of Governor of Iowa. He entered upon the duties of this office May 13, 1841. His success in his administration of the affairs of the Territory was well attested by the approbation of the people, and by the hearty commendation of those in authority at Washington, espe- cially for his management of Indian affairs. During his term of office he found it neces- sary on several occasions to suppress the feuds of the red men, which he did with such firmness and decision that quiet was promptly restored where war seemed im- minent. Governor Chambers was repeat- edly called on to treat with the Indian tribes for the purchase of their lands. In October, 1 84 1, he was commissioned jointly with Hon. T. H. Crawford, Commissioner of In- dian Affairs, and Governor Doty, of Wis- consin, to hold a treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, which, however, did not result in a purchase. In September, 1842, being ap- pointed sole Commissioner for the same purpose, he succeeded fully in carrying out the wishes of the Government. In 1843 he held a treaty with the Winnebagoes, but in this instance no result was reached. In 1844, his term of office having expired, he was re-appointed by President Tyler, but was removed in 1845 b}- President Polk. Shortly afterward, with greatly im- paired health, he returned to Kentucky, where, with skillful medical treatment and entire relief from official cares, he partially recovered. During the few remaining years of his life Governor Chambers's recollec- tions of Iowa were of the most agreeable character. He spoke gratefully of the re- ception extended to him by her people, and often referred with great kindness to his neighbors in Des Moines County. His infirm health forbade his engaging in any regular employment after his return to Kentucky, but in 1849, ^t the solicitation of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, he ne- gotiated jomtly with Governor Ramsey, of Minnesota, a successful treaty with the Sioux Indians for the purchase of lands. The latter years of Governor Chambers's life were spent mostly with his children, whose affection and respect were the chief conditions of his happiness. During a visit to his daughter in Paris, Kentucky, he was taken sick at the house of his son-in-law, C. S. Brent, and after a few weeks breathed his last, September 21, 1852, in his seventy- second year. •»::♦: ■*:*! :♦::♦: :*::♦: I*:* :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: >'♦' :*:♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: '♦::♦: ;<-:■♦: :*:;♦; :♦:♦: *♦: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: :*;.♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:'♦: >::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :«:>; ;♦:♦: >■>: :•♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:.<>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: >:>: >:.♦; >:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: V.'ff. :♦::♦: :•»::♦: >::♦: .^:'»: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦':♦" >"♦; :♦♦: '.*:*'. ;♦::♦; >"♦! '♦;♦: > :♦: '.<*'. :♦ ♦: :♦::♦: :♦ ♦: >:♦: :♦:♦: >:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: W.'Uf. :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:* :♦;■»: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ♦"♦>>"crc«t»::*>>>::c*>>rccccc<*::cccc^^ "♦;*:♦:«:♦"*>■:♦"♦::♦"♦::♦:- ♦. :♦. .♦: :♦; :♦; ;♦; *; .♦; .♦. ♦: * ,♦ ■ ♦' ♦■ ♦: .♦: ♦: ♦: ♦; ♦: '♦: •»■ ;* '♦' '♦■ '♦' :♦ ■* ♦ ♦ • .♦::♦;:♦;.♦;,♦;;♦,*:♦::♦::♦::♦::♦::♦:»;;*..♦..♦,. yAMES CLAIiKE. SSS^F ^r^f-rf^fE third and last Ter- ritorial Governor was James Clarke. Sometime in the autumn of the year 1837, when the trees were in the " sear and yellow leaf," a printer boy of slender form and gentle appearance might have been seen crossing the laurel hills of his own State. Behind him rolled the waters of the " Blue Juniata," on the banks of which he had spent, in merry glee, his youthful days. He had heard and read of strange countries that lay far off toward the setting sun, through which broad rivers run, and spreading landscapes unfolded to human eyes the most rare and magnificent beauty. With his youthful gaze fixed upon that star which never sets, he set forth into the wilds of Wisconsin, a stranger in a strange land, an adventurer seeking his own fortune, de- pending upon his own exertions, with no recommendation save an honest face and genteel deportment. This young man was James Clarke, who afterward became the able, talented and popular Governor of Iowa. He remained in Wisconsin, working at his trade as a printer, until after the organi- zation of the Territory of Iowa, when he removed to Burlington, where the first Legislature of Iowa assembled. After the death of Mr. Conway he was appointed by Pi"esident Van Buren, Secretary of the Ter- ritory, which office he filled with great credit to himself and satisfaction to the people. During the time he held this office he contributed by his kind, gentle and amiable manner to soften the feelings of hatred and distrust which at one time ex- isted between leading men of the Territory. Whoever had business at his office found him a kind, gentle, quiet, amiable man, al- ways ready and willing to do whatever was desired of him, regretting, at the same time, that he could do no more. During the time he was Secretary he performed a vast amount of labor, but notwithstanding the large amount of business he transacted, he still found time to write for the press, and contributed many valuable articles touch- ing the future greatness of Iowa. After he retired from the office of Secre- tary he again returned to the printing trade, and became the leading editor of the Bur- lington Gazette. To the columns of this paper he devoted his whole energies, and by so doing made it the leading Democratic paper of the Territory. In the early sum- mer of 1845 President Polk removed Mr. Chambers, and appointed Mr. Clarke to suc- ceed iiim as Governor of Iowa. Previous to his appointment he had been elected by ♦ >. > .'♦! :♦>: :♦:♦: >:♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: >:>; :♦;*■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; >:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: >"♦: >;:♦: :♦:;♦; ». :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: >:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: ;*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::«• :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >■;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦.;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :«::»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦':« :♦::♦: ■* ♦" ::♦"♦>;:♦;;♦:;♦:;♦;;♦:>;»:.♦: :*::«=»r*;*:*:>::«:c*::cc*:<*:>;>:;*::c»;>;:*::*xc*:»>;»>>"c*»»:^ :♦:;* :♦>: 176 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. ■^:^. J ;♦:■»: :♦::<• ;♦::*; >;> :♦;;<-; >;;«■; >;:♦; »;;»; :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦; ?§!« >,:♦: :♦;>; ;♦;:* :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦:>: :♦;>: ;♦<;* ;♦:;♦: :«:♦; >"♦: :♦::♦: Wfi :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: *i^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :•::♦: :♦::« :♦;>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: »•;♦: :♦.:«: :♦"•»; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: Wf- :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦, :♦::♦: >;% >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦;>: :♦.:♦: >::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :<»:>: :♦"♦; :♦:♦: :♦:*,♦: the people of his county a delegate to the first convention which assembled to form a Constitution for the State of Iowa. In this convention he distinguished himself both for his talent and personal demeanor, and contributed to the pages of that Constitu- tion some of the great elementary principles which lie at the foundation of human rights. And although that Constitution was de- feated, he still had the satisfaction of seeing their spirit and meaning transferred to another, and still continued as the funda- mental law of our State. The first Legislature after he received his appointment assembled at Iowa City, on the first Monday of December, 1845. His message to the Legislature after its or- ganization is a model of style and clearness. He set forth the importance of an early ex- tinguishment of the Indian title to all the lands within the limits ot Iowa, and urged the Legislature to memorialize Congress to purchase a tract of land on the Upper Mis- sissippi for a future home for the Winne- bagoes, and thus induce them to part with their title to a large tract of country known as the " neutral ground," a recommendation which the General Government soon after acted upon and carried out. January 16, 1846, the Legislature passed once more an act for the purpose of elect- ing delegates to frame a Constitution for the State of Iowa. This time the friends of a State government took it for granted that the people of the Territory wanted a Constitution, so the Legislature provided that at the April election following the passage of this act, the people of the Ter- ritory should elect delegates to a conven- tion. Accordingly, at the April election delegates were elected, and the convention, agreeable to said act, consisting of thirty- two members instead of seventy as in the previous convention, met at Iowa City, on the first Monday of May, 1846, and after a session of eighteen days produced a Con- stitution which was immediately submitted, adopted, and made the organic law of the State of Iowa. After the result was known the Governor issued his proclamation for a general election to be held in November following, atwhich Ansel Briggs, of Jack- son County, was elected Governor of the State. This proclamation was the last public act of James Clarke, for as soon as the new Governor was qualified, he turned over to him all the archives of his office, and re- turned once more to the printing office. Again he scattered through Iowa his beau- tiful editorials through the columns of the Burlington Ga::ctte, until the name and fame of Iowa became known throughout the length and breadth of the land. He appeared at the capitol at the first session of the State Legislature under the new Con- stitution, delivered to that body an affecting and interesting farewell address, then stood back quietly during the whole of the ses- sion, and gazed with indignation upon his countenance at the dreadful strife, storms and bitterness which was manifested during the entire session. This was the last time that Mr. Clarke ever appeared at the Legislature. He died soon after, at Burlington, of the cholera. Thus closed the earthly career of a just and noble man, cut off in the prime of life and in the midst of an useful career. He was married to a sister of General Dodge, and this fact being known at the time of his ap- pointment as Governor, drew upon the Dodges the title of the " royal famil)'." But whatever might be said in this respect, the appointment could not have been bestowed upon a better man, or one more competent to fill it. His history is without a stain or reproach, and throughout his whole life no man ever imputed aught against his char- acter as a man and a citizen. >::♦;■♦:♦':♦■■♦;'♦::♦':♦ ♦:;♦:♦:;♦::♦::♦::♦::♦:;♦ •^!it:^'ii:ff:x:f(:ff:ft:>ii:)f:>:'■ :♦:>. >!>; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:" !»■.■ :♦-■- ;♦:■ :♦, . ;♦ >'■ :♦:.-.■ !♦>: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:♦; .«:*: >:*: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ■»:*; :♦!♦: >:.♦: ;♦:>; ;♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦.:♦; >.;♦; ♦ >! ;♦;>; :♦::♦; :♦::«■; >::♦; >"♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦: ♦:>: :♦:;♦: ♦:>: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:«' :♦ *.♦; ;♦;>: k:k. '*.!>■. :♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦; ;♦:>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: ;♦;;♦; '*;:♦: ;♦"♦: >■»: *:♦:♦: *.♦..♦:♦!:♦::♦..♦:* AJVSEL BRIGGS. "79 ■-•::♦: ♦::♦; '-::♦: '—^ ^ • ■ ' '- Jri^ E |HE first Governor of Iowa under its State organization, was Ansel Briggs, who, like his two imme- diate successors, was a son of that won- derful nursery of progress. New England. He was the son of Benjamin Ingley Briggs and Electa his wife, and was born in Vermont, February 3, 1806. His boyhood was spent in his native State, where, in the common schools, he re- ceived a fair education, improved by a term spent at the academy of Norwich. In his youth, about the year 1830, with his parents, he removed to Cambridge, Guernsey County, Ohio, where he engaged in the work of establishing stage lines, and where, as a Whig, he com- peted with John Ferguson, a Jackson Democrat, for the office of county audi- tor and was defeated. In his twenty- fourth year he married a wife, born the same daj- and year as himself, of whom he was soon bereft. Before leaving Ohio he married his second wife, Nancy M., daugh- ter of Major Dunlap, an officer of the war of 1812. In 1836, removing from Ohio, he joined that hardy band, so honored here to-day, the pioneers of Iowa, and settled with his famih- at Andrew, in Jackson County. Here he resumed his former business of opening stage lines, sometimes driving the stage himself, and entering into contracts with the postoffice department for carr3'ing the United States mails weekly between Dubuque and Davenport, Dubuque and Iowa City, and other routes. On coming to Iowa he affiliated with the Democrats, and on their ticket, in 1842, was elected a member of the Territorial House of Representatives from Jackson County, and subsequently sheriff of the same county. On the formation of the State government, he at once became a prominent candidate for Governor. His competitors for the Democratic nomination were Judge Jesse Williams and William Thompson. The question above all others dividing the parties in Iowa in that day was that of banks, favored by the Whigs, and op- posed by the Democrats. A short time be- fore the nominating convention met, Briggs, at a banquet, struck a responsive chord in the popular heart by offering the toast, " No banks but earth, and they well tilled," a sententious appeal to the pride of the pro- ducer and the prejudice of the partisan, which was at once caught up as a party :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :*:* :♦;>; :♦':♦: :«:■♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: .*::♦: :♦:••• .*::♦: :♦::♦: :•** :«:♦: :*::♦: :*;♦. :*;♦: ;♦;;♦: .♦::♦: :*;♦: rv*: :<•;:♦; :♦::•»: :♦;;♦: ;<•;♦; :♦::♦: >:•♦; :«"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:'♦: »"♦: :*:<> :♦::♦: :♦"* :*.:♦: :♦"♦: :♦:»: :♦"« :•♦"«' :•«:♦: :♦::♦: ■♦"♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::«> •»■:•«■ :♦::♦: ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•»: :«••♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•»;♦: ;♦..♦: ■♦..». ;♦:;♦: ;♦"'»: :♦"♦: :♦::«■ :•♦•:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:«•" :■♦::♦: *;>: ;♦'♦: »♦: .*: *■. :<:*: >.♦; "cc*;:*:*.;*:;*,:*:*:*:;*;:*::*:*:*::^ »:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:*: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦::<»: •♦"♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦:;♦; %;♦: :♦:,« ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :«:% :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: .»: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ' :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:;«! :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;.« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: m >::< ;♦::♦: •»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦;:♦: *S :♦:;« :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: ;«::♦: :♦;»: .»,.r.»;.*;j»;:*;;c*;:c*;*>;:ccc*>..»..»..»..*..»,»::cK»>x*>>>;»>;»^^^ " ':♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; 180 GOVERXORS OF /oifA. :♦!:♦! — :♦;;« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«;♦: »:»: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: »"♦: :*:♦: <»:;♦: :«:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: »:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;<*::♦: >::«: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:!»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦?:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;■♦• :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::«: :♦"♦: w.w. :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦;* ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: w.w. ;♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; ■ :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦:* :*::♦: :♦::«: ;♦;>; :•«■♦: ;♦:;♦" cr}-, and did more to secure its author the nomination for Governor than all else. The convention was held at Iowa City on Thursday, September 24, 1846, and as- sembled to nominate State officers and two Congressmen. It was called to order by F. D. Mills, of Des Moines County. Will- iam Thompson, of Henr}' County, presided, and J. T. Fales, of Dubuque, was Secretary. The vote for Governor in the convention stood : Briggs, sixty-two ; Jesse Williams, thirty-two ; and William Thompson, thirty- one. The two latter withdrew, and Bnggs was then chosen by acclamation. Elisha Cutler, Jr., of Van Buren County, was norninated for Secretary of State; Joseph T. Fales, of Linn, for Auditor, and Morgan Reno, of Johnson, for Treasurer. S. C. Hastings and Shepherd LefHer were nomi- nated for Congress. The election was held October 28, 1846, the entire Democratic ticket being successful. Briggs received 7,626 votes, and his competitor, Thomas McKnight, the Whig candidate, 7,379, giv- ing Briggs a majority of 247. The administration of Governor Brig-ffs was generally placid. Although avoiding excitement and desirous of being in har- monious accord with his party, when oc- casion required he exhibited an independent firmness not easily shaken. One perplex- ing controvers)' bequeathed him by his predecessors was the Missouri boundar}- question, which had produced much dis- quiet, and even a resort to arms on the part of both Iowa and Missouri. After the expiration of his four-years term, Governor Briggs continued his resi- dence in Jackson County, where he engaged in commercial business, having sold out his mail contracts when he became Governor. By his second marriage he had eight children, all of whom died in infancy save two, and of these latter Ansel, Jr., died May 15, 1867, aged twenty-five years. John S. Briggs, the only survivor of the >:*;*:*:;*:*:cc«;;'»:>::*;:*>:>;:o~*:>::*>'>'"*:'*';* <^ •»*•»■' '■'■'♦:;♦;>>>;;♦;:♦;;♦;;♦«♦:;*'■*' " '^ ^ family, is the editor of the Idaho Herald, published at Blackfoot, Idaho Territory. Mrs. Briggs died December 30, 1847, dur- ing her husband's term as Governor. She was an ardent Christian woman, adhering to the Presbyterian faith, and very domestic in her tastes. She was well educated and endowed by nature with such womanly tact and grace as to enable her to adorn the high estate her husband had attained. She dispensed (albeit in a log house, a form of architecture in vogue in Iowa in that day, as the mansion of the rich or the cabin of the poor) a bounteous hospitality to the stranger and a generous charity to the poor, in which gracious ministrations she was al- ways seconded by her benevolent husband. In 1870 Governor Briggs removed from Andrew to Council Bluffs. He had visited the western part of the State before rail- roads had penetrated there, and made the trip by carriage. On that occasion he en- rolled himself as one of the founders of the town of Florence, on the Nebraska side of the Missouri liiver, six miles above Coun- cil Bluffs, and which, for a time, disputed with Omaha the honor of being the chief town of Nebraska. He made a trip to Colorado during the mining excitement in i860. After return- ing and spending some time at home, he went to Montana in 1863, v/ith his son John, and a large part)', remaining until 1865, when he came back. His last illness, ulceration of the stomach, was 0)ily five weeks in duration. He was able to be out three days before his death, which occurred at the residence of his son, John S. Briggs, in Omaha, May 5, 1881, at half past three in the morning. Governor Gear issued a proclamation the next day, reciting his services to the State, ordering half-hour guns to be fired and the national flag on the State capitol to be half-masted, during the daj* of the funeral. He was buried on Sunday succeeding his death. *::*:>::«!>->v**:c*>»"*-?«.:*-*:*>::*:*>-:*'«:;«;;«!:c*:c*^»>;>:»^^^^ ^^^ -y^^^^^ZTN^ V »::♦■ >\*:>: :♦::♦::*:♦::♦::♦:;♦::♦:*:♦:*♦:.♦;.♦■,♦"* "k V. ;♦; .♦. .♦: :♦; .♦; ;♦; * ;♦: .♦, :♦: .♦. ,♦. .♦. :♦. * ,♦; ;♦: .♦; .♦>; .♦; .< •> .♦. >>■; ;♦.;♦. :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦■:••■; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; >:»: :♦:>: :♦::♦: .♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;;«! ;*:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; ;♦:♦: •.;♦; .♦;:♦; ♦::♦; :♦;:♦; .♦:•••; :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; ;•»::♦: .♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:.♦: »>: ** ;♦::♦: ;♦:;« :♦:•♦•; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; .♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦; :♦■::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; >;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦"'»: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >;;♦; :♦;.*• :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:.*; :♦':♦: :♦::♦: >':♦: :<■;:♦: ■■>::♦: :♦::♦: ■•;«:<•: :♦.;♦,>: STEPHEN HEMPSTEAD. 1S3 ■■■, !'■■ 1 ■ ^3" ''■'■i/'" ■'■ " 1^ ^,:-|<-:v [to f i^ f^./^ ^^ [HIS gentleman, the second Governor of the State, was born at New London, Connecticut, Octo- ber I, 1812, and lived in that State until the spring of 1S28, when his father's family came West and settled on a farm a few miles from St. Louis, Missouri. Here he remained until 1830, when he entered as clerk in a commission house in Galena, Illinois, and dur- ing the Black Hawk war he was an officer in an artillery company or- ganized for the protection of that place. At the close of the war he entered as a student of the Illinois College at Jackson- ville, Illinois, remaining about two years, leaving to commence the study of law which he finished under Charles S. Hemp- stead, Esq., then a prominent lawyer at Galena. In 1836 he was admitted to prac- tice his profession in the courts of the Ter- ritory of Wisconsin, then embracing Iowa, and in the same year located in Dubuque, being the first lawyer who practiced in that place. At the organization of the ^mp Territorial Legislature in 1838 he was elected to represent the northern portion of the Territory in the Legislative Council, of which he was chairman of the committee on judiciary, one of the important com- mittees of the Council. At the second session of that body he was elected presi- dent thereof, was again elected a member of the Council in 1845, which was held in Iowa City, and was again president of the same. In 1844 he was elected one of the delegates to the first constitutional conven- tion of the State of Iowa, and was chair- man of the committee on incorporations. In 1848, in connection with Hon. Charles Mason and W. G. Woodward, he was ap- pointed commissioner by the Legislature to revise the laws of the State of Iowa, and which revision, with a few amendments, was adopted as the code of Iowa in 1851. In 1850 he was elected Governor of the State of Iowa, receiving 13,486 votes, against 11,403 for James L. Thompson, 575 for William P. Clarke, and 1 1 scattering. Tlie vote was canvassed on the 4th of December, and a committee was appointed to inform the Governor elect that the two Houses of the Legislature were read}' to re- ceive him in joint convention, in order that he might receive the oath prescribed by the Constitution. After receiving formal :♦::♦• :♦"♦: >■■-»■ >::♦: >;>: »: >:>; >::♦. >'♦ :♦;:♦. ;♦:>; »: >;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦":♦: :♦;:♦: >■>: '*<■- :♦>: ;■■■■ ;v •> '/ >:.♦: >>. ;♦:;♦: >::♦; :♦:* ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: '^'^ ;<-:* :»:.♦: ;♦::♦; ** :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; '♦:♦: ;♦::♦: ;*;;♦; '♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >:>■ ;♦:* ;♦;>■ :♦:>: »: :♦.;♦; :♦:>; :♦:>; ;♦.;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:«■ ;♦;♦; >>; :♦:;♦;' >:>: :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>; ;♦.:♦ ;♦:* >.v :♦:*. :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦. :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: :♦:♦. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«;■♦' *:>; :♦:♦ •♦ ♦' ;* * :♦:>"♦:■»»>::♦'♦::♦' :♦;.♦;;♦;;♦;;♦;:♦"♦;>,:♦;:♦ • ♦:,♦;♦:.♦:.♦ .♦..♦.>.:♦:.♦.♦:.♦:.♦;.♦;;♦:.♦;:♦..♦:>::♦::♦:.♦:*'♦::♦:♦■.♦:♦■♦ ♦ ♦. ♦ .♦:.♦ :♦:.*;:♦: :<>"■♦:«: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ■•;■♦: :*!»■ :♦::* :•<•;■<•: :->:■»: ;•♦;;<►: :♦::♦; ;♦:»; :♦:>: :«.:♦: ■«;:<■, :♦::♦: :: :«•::♦. :«::♦: :♦::<>: :♦::♦: .*;:«■ :♦;:♦: :■«;•»; :♦":♦: :♦"♦: :•»::♦• :■»"♦: :♦>: :«■■«: !<■/*: :♦:.♦; :♦;:♦: :<►"♦: :♦::♦: :<•;:♦: •»::«•: »■:;♦: :♦;:♦: .*:>: >"•♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦:;♦: >"♦: :•♦:,♦: >"♦: :■<•::♦' :*"♦: :♦;♦; :♦:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; »::♦; >::♦: :<•"«) :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:»: :♦"♦" >::♦: :♦;■»: :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: ;y;«: :*:>: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; ;■«;♦; :♦"«': ;*;♦: )^* :♦;•♦: :■»!•»: , :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :«::♦: :♦;■•• :♦::♦: :♦;:<■ :•♦■* 184 GOVEIiNORS OF IOWA. notification, Governor Hempstead, accom- panied by Governor Briggs, the judges of the Supreme Court and the officers of State, entered the hall of the House, and having been duly announced, the Governor elect delivered his inaugural message, after which the oath was administered by the chief justice of the Supreme Court. This session of the Legislature passed a number of important acts which were approved b}- Governor Hempstead, and formed fifty-two new counties, most of them having the same names and bound- aries to-day. These new counties were : Adair, Union, Adams, Cass, Montgomery, Mills, Pottawattomie, Bremer, Butler, Grundy, Hardin, Franklin, Wright, Risley, Yell, Greene, Guthrie, Carroll, Fox, Sac, Crawford, Shelby, Harrison, Monona, Ida, Waukau, Humboldt, Pocahontas, Buena Vista, Faj-ette, Cherokee, Plymouth, Alla- makee, Chickasaw, Flo3'd, Cerro Gordo, Hancock, Kossuth, Palo Alto, Clay, O'- Brien, Sioux, Howard, Mitchell, Worth, Winnebago, Winneshiek, Bancroft, Em- mett, Dickinson, Osceola and Buncombe. The last-named county was so called under peculiar circumstances. The Legislature was composed of a large majorit}'' favoring stringent corporation laws, and the liabilit}' of individual stockholders for corporate debts. This sentiment, on account of the agitation of railroad enterprises then begin- ning, brought a large number of prominent men to the capital. To have an effect upon the Legislature, they organized a " lobbj' legislature," in which these questions were ably discussed. They elected as Governor Verplank Van Antwerp, who delivered to this self-constituted body a lengthy mes- sage, in which he sharply criticised the regular general assembly. Some of the members of the latter were in the habit of making long and useless speeches, much to the hindrance of business. To these he especially referred, charging them with ■♦"♦"♦■>"♦'>!>::♦':♦■>■>!;♦■• speaking " for buncombe," and recom- mended that as their lasting memorial, a county should be called by that name. This suggestion was readily seized upon by the Legislature, and the county of " Bun- combe" was created with few dissenting voices. By act oi the General Assembly approved September 11, 1862, the name was changed to " Lyon," in honor of Gen- eral Nathaniel Lyon, who was killed in the civil war. Governor Hempstead's message to the fourth General Assembly, December, 1852, stated, among other things, that the popu- lation of the State was by the federal cen- sus 192,214, and that the State census showed an increase for one year of i'j,'jZ(i. He also stated that the resources of the State for the coming two years would be sufficient to cancel all that part of the funded debt which was payable at its option. By 1854 the State had fully recovered from the depression produced by the bad season of 185 1, and in 1854 and 1855 the immigration from the East was unprece- dented. For miles and miles, da}' after day, the prairies of Illinois were lined with cattle and wagons, pushing on toward Iowa. At Peoria, one gentleman said that during a single month 1,743 wagons passed through that place, all for Iowa. The Burlington Telegraph said : " Twenty thousand immi- grants iiave passed through the city within the last thirty days, and they are still cross- ing the Mississippi at the rate of 600 a day." Governor Hempstead's term expired in the latter part of 1854, and he returned to Dubuque, where the following year he was elected county judge. This position he held twelve years, and in 1867 he retired on account of impaired health. He lived, how- ever, till February 16, 1883, when at his home in Dubuque he closed his record on earth. He was a useful and active man, and deserves a prominent place in the esteem of lowans. « ♦ ♦. .♦ .♦ .♦ :♦; .♦ :♦ .♦ :♦ .♦ .♦ .♦ .♦ .♦ :♦ .* .» ♦. ♦: :♦: .♦, ;♦; ♦ >;>: :•♦•:♦; :♦;:♦ :♦::♦! :♦::♦: >:;♦: :«::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; - :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦* ■»;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;»; !»::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; %:♦: :♦::♦: »;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦' ;♦'* :<■- :•»,- >.■ :♦::<■ :♦;.♦. :«:« :«"♦: :♦;:••; :♦;»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:<»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; '•('/If. ■s '♦: :•♦.:-, :♦..♦: ;♦::♦. :«:♦: :♦♦ ^ O/^j :♦;♦: »::♦; JAMES W. aif/MES. 1S7 .♦;;♦: :•;♦: <•:♦; ^>i >:♦: *;♦: '>•»: .♦::♦: >;♦; *::♦: >>; ♦:♦; .♦::♦: ♦::♦; :»;♦; ♦:♦: ;*::♦: :♦"♦: >.>: :♦:>: >::♦: •♦:•»•; •♦•■»■ :♦::♦: ■>:♦: i> >>: :•>:;♦. :♦::♦; ■»::♦: >;♦; >:;♦: ♦:;♦; ♦::♦: .♦::♦: ;»:♦: :*"♦' sv; >":■*] <»;♦: >:♦: :♦:>: :>* >;♦: > ♦^ -<::♦: ;•■'-■•♦; .•>:♦:■ ;•>.;♦; :*.:♦: ;<*;«; :>;■* * :♦: •■' ♦' <•!*; '■'♦; .♦'■»: .»;:♦: ;♦;♦: :♦'♦ »::♦: ■>■*; ^^>i^5> t*?; i^ri' ; i';.5i<^»^t^i^e iv I _IL [he third to fill the of- fice of Governor of Iowa, and whose name deserves a foremost rank among the men whose personal his- tory is interwoven insepar- ably with that of the State, was James Wilson Grimes. He was born in the town of Deering, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, October 20, 1816. His parents — John Grimes, born August 11, 1772, and Elizabeth Wilson, born March 19, 1773 — were natives of the same town. Of a family of eight children born to them, James was the youngest. In early childhood he evinced a taste for learning, attending the district school and also studying Latin and Greek under the instruction of the village pastor. He completed his preparation for college at Hampton Academy, and entered Dart- mouth College in August, 1832, in the sixteenth year of his age. Upon leaving college in February, 1835, he commenced reading law with James Walker, Esq., in Petersburgh, New Hampshire. Being young and adventurous, and wish- ing to carve a fortune for himself, he left 17 his native home in 1836 for the far West, landing in Burlington, then a new town in what was known as the " Black Hawk Purchase." Here he opened an office and soon established a reputation as a rising lawyer^ In April, 1837, he was appointed city solicitor ; and entering upon the duties of that office he assisted in drawing up the first i:)olice laws of that town. In 1S38 he was appointed justice of the peace, and be- came a law partner of William W. Chap- man, United States District Attorney for Wisconsin Territor}'. In the early part of the year 1841 he formed a partnership with Henry W. Starr, Esq., which continued twelve years. This firm stood at the head of the legal profession in Iowa. Mr. Grimes was widely known as a counselor of supe- rior knowledge of the law, and with a clear sense of truth and justice. He was chosen one of the representatives of Des Moines County in the first Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Iowa, which convened at Burlington, November 12, 1838; the sixth, at Iowa City, December 4, 1843; ^"^ in the fourth General Assembly of the State, at Iowa City, December 6, 1852. He early took front rank among the pub- lic men of Iowa. He was chairman of the judiciar}' committee in the House of Rep- resentatives of the first Legislative As- sembly of the Territory, and all laws for the new Territory passed through his hands. >>; :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦.* :♦:>: :♦:>: >■>! ■•■■ * :♦>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; >:♦: :♦::♦: :•:>: :♦:>; >::♦; m :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦;»; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >':♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦:>: Wi :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦; :♦"♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :■♦•::♦; :♦;;»; :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :«;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :•>:♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;*;♦: :■>:>: ■*;♦; > 1*. 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Soon after his election it was proposed that he should be sent to the United States Senate, but he made it under- stood that he should fill the term of office for which he had been chosen, and he served his full term to the entire satisfac- tion and acceptance of all parties. He was a faithful leader in the political regenera- tion of the State. He introduced liberal measures to develop the resources of the State, and to promote the interests of all educational and humane establish- ments. Up to the time of his election as Governor, Democrac}' reigned supreme in the Territory. The representatives in Congress were allies of the slave power. He, after being elected, gave his whole soul to the work, and it may truly be said that Governor Grimes made Iowa Repub- lican and allied it with the loyal States. January 14, 185S, he laid down his office, only to be placed in another and greater one ; for on the 25th he was nominated by the Republican caucus for United States Senator. He took his seat in the Senate March 4, 1859, ^"d was placed upon the committee on naval afiairs January 24, 1861, on which he remained during the remainder of his senatorial career, serving as chairman from December, 186^. Mr. Grimes voted for the Pacific Rail- road bill on June 20, 1862, and for estab- lishing the gauge of the road from the Mis- souri River to the Pacific Ocean, at four feet eight and a half inches, February 18, 1863. January 16, 1864, Mr. Grimes was again chosen United States Senator from Iowa for si.\ years from March 4, 1865, receiving the votes of all but six of the members of the General AssembI}' in joint convention ; 128 out of 134. His council was often sought in matters of great moment, and in cases of peculiar difficulty. Always ready to promote the welfare of the State, he gave, unsolicited, land worth $6,000 to the Congregational college at Grinnell. It constitutes the "Grimes foundation," and " is to be applied to the establishment and maintenance in Iowa College, forever, of four scholarships, to be awarded b}^ the trustees, on the recommendation of the fac- ulty, to the best scholars, and the most promising, in any department, who may need and seek such aid, and without anv regard to the religious tenets or opinions entertained by any person seeking either of said scholarships." These terms were imposed by Mr. Grimes and assumed July 20, 1865, by the trustees. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1865 from Dartmouth College, and also from Iowa College. He also aided in founding a public library in Burlington, donating $5,000, which was expended in the purchase of costly books, and subsequently sent from Europe 256 volumes in the German lan- STuaare, and also contributed 600 volumes of public documents. In January, 1869, he made a donation of $5,000 to Dartmouth College, and $1,000 to the " Social Friend," a literary society of which he was a member when in college. His health failing, Mr. Grimes sailed for Europe April 14, 1869, remaining abroad two years, reaching home September 22, 1871, apparently in improved health and spirits. In November he celebrated his silver wedding, and spent the closing months of his life with his family. He voted at the city election February 5, 1872, was suddenly attacked with severe pains in the region of the heart, and died after a few short hours of intense suffering. ••)i•fi:«:«•«:teli:^s:/iXlf:^f:g:^f:^f:it:lf:^f:gyf:^f:lf:!i:§:ff:ji:if:^i:g:^i^^i:^^if:lf:if:^i. :♦..♦. :♦::♦: >;>: :•»;>; »: »: ;♦!>; >!♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦•: :♦::♦: :♦::*: >:♦; :♦:>; .»;:♦; :♦::♦; >::♦; >::♦; :♦;:♦; >:>: :♦::♦; :♦::*■ :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;«•: >:;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦:»; ;♦;:♦; :♦:>: W^ :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦; ;♦:>: :♦::•: :♦::♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :•*>; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: 'ft.'fi. :«;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: !»::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::«> :♦::« :♦:>: :♦::♦: >:;♦:;♦: ^tt^t^^ :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :»::♦: ;♦:;« ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: *::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦] :♦"♦: :♦::«; »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; »: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: »;:♦: >::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦; :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: •♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;*: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«:.♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦":♦; :♦"♦; :«:;♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:* :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;.*: :♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: •»:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; >:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ■»::♦; :♦;•»; ;♦;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:♦:>: ;♦:;♦>:: liAI.PH p. LOWE. i'j: l^ec'I* •}**i , »■ Mm y v *n'f " "" " '" »"* "•'„""" " " rr-nr-ri - ■» »■ fi ^ t; p ■ ■ w t ■■ ii g i n t % w t Vr«»l jHE fourth Governor of the State, and the seventh of Iowa without reference to the form of govern- ment, was Ralph P. Lowe. He was born in Ohio in 1808, and lived just three-fourths of a cent- ury. He came to the Territor)^ of Iowa in 1839 or 1840, when he was a little over thirty years old. He settled in Muscatine, where in a short time he became prominent in local affairs and of recognized ability in questions of public policy. While yet residing in that city, he represented the county of Muscatine in the constitu- tional convention of 1844 that framed the rejected Constitution. After this constitutional convention, Mr. Lowe took no further part in public mat- ters for a number of years. He removed ^o Lee County about 1849 or '50, where he became district judge as a successor to *jeorgc H. Williams, who was afterward famous as President Grant's Attorney Gen- eral. He was district judge five years, from 1852 to 1857, being succeeded by Judge Claggett. In the summer of 1857 he was nominated by the Republicans for Governor of Iowa, with Oran Faville for Lieutenant-Governor. The Democracy put in the field Benjamin M. Samuels for Governor and George Gillaspy for Lieu- tenant Governor. There was a third ticket in the field, supported by the American or " Know Nothing " party, and bearing the names of T. F. Henry and Easton Morris. The election was held in October, 1857, and gave Mr. Lowe 38,498 votes, against 36,088 for Mr. Samuels, and 1,006 for Mr. Henry. Hitherto the term of office had been four years, but by an amendment to the Consti- tution this was now reduced to two. Gov- ernor Lowe was inaugurated January 14, 1858, and at once sent his first message to the Legislature. Among the measures passed by this Legislature were bills to in- corporate the State Bank of Iowa ; to pro- vide for an agricultural college ; to author- ize the business of banking ; disposing of the land grant made by Congress to the Des Moines Valley Railroad ; to provide for the erection of an institution for the education of the blind ; and to provide for taking a State census. No events of importance occurred dur- ing the administration of Governor Lowe, but it was not a period of uninterrupted prosperity. The Governor said in his biennial message of January 10. i860, re- ;♦..♦; :♦::*-: :♦:* :♦:«■: ;♦;♦. :♦;:♦; ■»:>. :♦;:♦: :♦:;•>; ;♦::<■; ;♦■»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;«•: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::■»•: >;♦: ♦. *) :♦;:♦; :♦;•♦■: :♦::♦: ■»"♦' :<'■: *: ;♦;♦: :♦::♦' >:!♦' :♦:♦: .*.:♦: :■♦:>: :♦:.♦; :♦:*; :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦:,♦; ;♦..♦: :♦"♦' :♦;>: :♦',:♦; :♦::♦: >;♦: >'*; > ■^: ;♦:.♦; ■»:*: :♦;:♦: :<•:♦; :♦!♦: ;♦:.♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;♦: >:;♦: :♦;♦; :♦;♦: :■♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: .»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦:•♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦,♦: ;♦:»: •»;♦'. >:.♦: '*'.'*'. !♦'♦: >:>:5»:'»:>:>:>::ccccco::c*:>:>;:f>;:cccc*;>:>:>:>:>:>>;>;>:>;:'«; 192 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. •:♦:>.:♦. »:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: *;♦; >!>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦':♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >;>! ;♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦;■»: >:>: :♦,:♦: >> :♦'.♦; :♦>: :■♦,>: :♦:;■«>; :♦;■»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦!>; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; '*;♦; ;♦::♦: *>; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >:»; :«;■<• ■*>■ >:>; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦!:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>; ;♦:;♦; :■»::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:■•• :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:>: >:>; :♦::♦: >::♦: :«.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦.:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :•»:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦,;♦: >;:♦: :♦:*; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;« :♦::♦: ;♦:,♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:*: :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: '*;♦: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::«■: :♦::<•: :♦::♦: >>: :♦.*♦ viewing the preceding two years: " The period that has elapsed since the last biennial session has been one of great dis- turbing causes, and of anxious solicitude to all classes of our fellow citizens. The first 3-ear of this period was visited with heavy and continuous rains, which reduced the measure of our field crops below one-half of the usual product, whilst the financial revulsion which commenced upon the At- lantic coast in the autumn of 1857 did not reach its climax for evil in our borders until the year just past." He referred at length to the claim of the State against the Federal Government, and said that he had appealed in vain to the Secretary of the Interior for the pa)- ment of the 5 per cent, upon the military land warrants that the State is justlv en- titled to, which then approximated to a million of dollars. The payment of this fund, he said, " is not a mere favor which is asked of the General Government, but a subsisting right which could be enforced in a court of justice, was there a tribunal of this kind clothed with the requisite juris- diction." The subject of the Des Moines River grant received from the Governor special attention, and he gave a histor}- of the operations of the State authorities in ref- erence to obtaining the residue of the lands to which the State was entitled, and other information as to the progress of the work. He also remarked " that under the act authorizing the Governor to raise a com- pany of mounted men for defense and pro- tection of our frontier, approved Februar}- 9, 1858, a company of thirty such men, known as the Frontier Guards, armed and equipped as required, were organized and mustered into service under the command of Captain Henry B. Martin, of Webster City, about the first of March then follow- ing, and were divided into two companies, one stationed on the Little Sioux River, the other at Spirit Lake. Their presence afforded security and gave quiet to the settlements in that region, and after a ser- vice of four months they were duly dis- banded. " Late in the fall of the 3'ear, however, great alarm and consternation was again felt in the region of Spirit Lake and Sioux River settlements, produced by the appear- ance of large numbers of Indians on the border, whose bearing was insolent and menacing, and who were charged with clandestinel}^ running off the stock of the settlers. The most urgent appeals came from these settlers, invoking again the protection of the State. From the repre- sentations made of the imminence of their danger and the losses already sustahied, the Governor summoned into the field once more the frontier guards. After a service of four or five months they were again discharged, and paid in the manner prescribed in the act under which they were called out." Governor Lowe was beaten for the renomination by Honorable S. J. Kirkwood, who was considered much the stronger man. To compensate him for his defeat for the second term, Governor Lowe was appointed one of the three judges under the new Constitution. He drew the short term, which expired in 1861, but was returned and served, all told, eight years. He then returned to the practice of law, gradually working into a claim busi- ness at Washington, to which city he re- moved about 1874. In that city he died, on Saturday, December 22, 1883. He had a large family. Carleton, one of his sons, was an officer in the Third Iowa Cavalr}- during the war. Governor Lowe was a man of detail, accurate and industrious. In private and public life he was pure, upright and honest. In religious faith he was inclined to be a Soiritualist. \ ^*'>>t-««.-<,^ :<■::♦:■ :♦;:♦:■ >::«: >:»: :♦::♦: :♦:.*: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•••; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;<»: ■»"♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .>::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *^ :♦::♦. :♦::♦; :♦;•♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦:•♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦"♦: >::♦: ;♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:•••: >;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::«: :♦::♦; :♦:.♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: !♦:♦: :♦;>: •»::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: •»:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■•!♦; •»>: :♦;:♦; :♦:.♦: >:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; !♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; ■»;:♦: :♦::♦: >:•»; :♦::♦; !♦::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:<»: :♦:.♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::•»; ;♦::♦; !o; ;♦;>: >;:♦: :♦;>; >:>•' SAMUEL y. KIRKWOOD. '95 >^|^^^ :^t^^^^V i^r ^%::♦! »:' m :♦:*' :♦::*• .'»::♦: MM :*:♦: MM MM 'MM MM MM :♦:>; :♦;»; :♦::♦; M'M :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦>■ ■«::♦: *:<•■ '■■■ .♦: < >: >.■*: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦,:♦: ^^■^■■''■■^■MMM^.M.MMMMMMMMMMMMMM^MMM.M:M^.MMM~MMMMJMJM:Mili:M'M:M'^^^ ♦"♦"♦"♦"*/*::*::*;>:;*:>;:*>:>::c»::*/*:>>>;:*:«->:»:»:*>:»::«« >:>;:c*:«;v*::<>;*.*;>,;*..**:*>/*:c*ss*:;*::*::c«:*::::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:>; :«:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦"'♦: milling business, and kept aloof from pub- lic affairs. He could not long conceal his record and abilities from his neighbors, however, and in 1856 he was elected to the State Senate from the district composed of the counties of Iowa and Johnson, and served through the last session of the Legislature held at Iowa Cit)' and the first one held at Des Moines. In 1859 J^^""- Kirkwood was made the standard-bearer of the Republicans of Iowa, and though he had as able and popular a competitor as General A. C. Dodge, he was elected Governor of Iowa by a majority of over 3,000. He was inaugurated January- II, i860. Before the expiration of his first term came the great civil war. As Gov- ernor, during the darkest days of the Rebell- ion, he performed an exceedingly impor- tant duty. He secured a prompt response by volunteers to all requisitions b}- the federal Government on the State for troops, so that during his Governorship no " draft " took place in Iowa, and no regiment, except the first, enlisted for less than three years. At the same time he maintained the State's financial credit. The Legislature, at its ex- tra session in 1861, authorized the sale of $800,000 in bonds, to assist m arming and equipping troops. So frugally was this work done, that but $300,000 of the bonds were sold, and the remaining $500,000 not having been required, the bonds represent- ing this amount were destroyed by order of the succeeding Legislature. In October, 1861, Governor Kirkwood was, with comparatively little opposition, re-elected — an honor accorded for the first time in the history of the State. His ma- jority was about 18,000. During his second term he was appointed by President Lin- coln to be Minister to Denmark; but he declined to enter upon his diplomatic duties until the expiration of his term as Governor. The position was kept open for him until that time, but, when it came, pressing pri- vate business compelled a declination of the office altogether. In January, 1866, he was a prominent candidate before the Legislature for United States Senator. Senator Harlan had re- signed the senatorship upon his appoint- ment to the ofifice of Secretary of the Interior by President Lincoln, just before his death, but had withdrawn from the cabinet soon after the accession of Mr. Johnson to the Presidency. In this way it happened that the Legislature had two terms of United States Senator to fill, a short term of two years, to fill Harlan's unexpired term, and a long term of six years, to immediately succeed this; and Harlan had now become a candidate for his own successorship, to which Kirkwood also aspired. Ultimately, Kirkwood was elected for the first and Harlan for the second term. During his brief senatorial service, Kirkwood did not hesitate to meas- ure swords with Senator Sumner, whose natural egotism had begotten in him an arrogant and dictatorial manner, borne with humbly until then by his colleagues, in deference to his long experience and emi- nent ability, but unpalatable to an inde- pendent Western Senator like Kirkwood. At the close of his senatorial term, March 4, 1867, he resumed the practice of law, which a few years later he relinquished to accept the presidenc}' of the Iowa City Savings Bank. In 1875 he was again elected Governor, and was inaugurated January 13, 1876. He served but little over a year, as early in 1S77 he was chosen United States Senator. 1 le filled this position four years, resigning to become Secretary of tiic In- terior in President Garfield's cabinet. In this office he was succeeded, April 17, 1882, by Henry M. Teller, of Colorado. Governor Kirkwood returned to Iowa City, his home, where he still resides, being now advanced in years. 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STONE. •99 jHE subject of this brief sketch was the ninth to hold the position of Governor of Iowa, and the sixth to fill the office under the State organization, held the office four years, from 1864 to 1868. William Milo Stone was born October 14, 1827, a son of Truman and La- vina (North) Stone. His great-grandfather on both sides of the family was in the seven years' struggle for independence. His grandfather, Aaron Stone, was in the second war with England. Truman Stone moved to Lewis County, New York, when the son was a year old, and si.K 3'ears later to Co- shocton County, Ohio. Like many other self-made men, William M. had few advantages. He never attended a school of any kind more than twelve months. In boyhood he was for two seasons a team-driver on the Ohio Canal. At seven- teen he was apprenticed to the chairmaker's trade, and he followed that business until twenty-three years of age, reading law meantime during his spare hours, wher- ever he happened to be. He commenced at Coshocton, with James Mathews, who afterward became his father-in-law ; con- tinued his readings with General Lucius V. Pierce, of Akron, and finished with Ezra B. Taylor, of Ravenna. He was admitted to the bar in August, 1851, by Peter Hitch- cock and Rufus P. Ranney, supreme judges, holding a term of court at Ravenna. After practicing three years at Coshocton with his old preceptor, James Mathews, he, in November, 1854, settled in Knoxville, which has remained his home since. The year after locating here Mr. Stone pur- chased the Knoxville Journal, and was one of the prime movers in forming the Repub- lican party in Iowa, being the first editor to suggest a State convention, which met February 22, 1856, and completed the or- ganization. In the autumn of the same year he was a Presidential elector on the Republican ticket. In April, 1857, Mr. Stone was chosen Judge of the Eleventh Judicial District. He was elected judge of the Sixth Judicial District when the new Constitution went into operation in 1858, and was serving on the bench when the American flag was stricken down at Fort Sumter. 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H^ :♦;;«; :♦::♦: :♦;>: m GOVERNORS OF JOWA. time, April, 1861, he was holding court in Fairfield, Jefferson County, and when the news came of the insult to the old flag he immediately adjourned court and prepared for what he believed to be more important duties — duties to his country. In May he enlisted as a private; was made Captain of Company B, Third Iowa Infantry, and was subsequently promoted to Major. With that regiment he was at the battle of Blue Mills, Missouri, in Sep- tember, 1 86 1, where he was wounded. At Shiloh, the following spring, he commanded the regiment and was taken prisoner. B}' order of Jefferson Davis he was paroled for the time of forty days, with orders to re- pair to Washington, and if possible secure an agreement for a cartel for a general ex- change of prisoners, and to return as a prisoner if he did not succeed. Failing to secure that result witliin tlie period speci- fied he returned to Richmond and had his parol extended fifteen days ; repairing again to Washington, he effected his pur- pose and was exchanged. In August, 1862, he was appointed by Governor Kirkvvood Colonel of the Twen- ty-second Iowa Infantr}', which rendez- voused and organized at Camp Pope, Iowa City, in August, 1862. The regiment was occupied for several months in guarding supply stores and the railroad, and escorting supply trains to the Army of the Southeast Missouri until January 27, 1863, when it re- ceived orders to join the army under Gen- eral Davidson, at West Plains, Missouri. After a march of five days it reached its destination, and was brigaded with the Twenty-first and Twenty-third Iowa regi ments. Colonel Stone commanding, and was designated the First Brigade, First Divis- ion, Army of Southeast Missouri. April i found Colonel Stone at Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, to assist Grant in the capture of Vicksburg. He was now in immediate command of his regiment, which formed a part of a brigade under Colonel C. L. Harris, of the Eleventh Wisconsin. In the advance upon Port Gibson Colonel Harris was taken sick, and Colonel Stone was again in charge of a brigade. In the battle of Port Gibson the Colonel and his com- mand distinguished themselves, and were successful. The brigade was in the reserve at Champion Hills, and in active skirmish at Black River. On the evening of May 21 Colonel Stone received General Grant's order for a gen- eral assault on the enemy's lines at 10 A. M. on the 22d. In this charge, which was unsuccessful. Colonel Stone was again wounded, receiving a gunshot in his left forearm. Colonel Stone commanded a brigade until the last of August, when, being ordered to the Gulf department, he resigned. He had become very popular with the people of Iowa, and they were determined to make him Governor. He was nominated in a Republican con- vention held at Des Moines in June, 1863, and was elected by a large majority. He was bre vetted Brigadier-General in 1864, during his first year as Governor. He was inaugurated January 14, 1864, and was re- elected in 1865, his four years in office closing January 16,1868. His majority in 1863 was nearly 30,000, and in 1865 about 16,500. His dmiinished vote in 1865 was due to the fact that he was very strongly committed in favor of negro suffrage. Governor Stone made a very energetic and efficient executive. Since the expira- tion of his gubernatorial term he has sought to escape the public notice, and has given his time largely to his private business in- terests. He is in partnership with Hon. O. B. Ayres, of Knoxvillc, in legal practice. He was elected to the General Assembly in 1877, ^"d served one term. In May, 1857, he married Miss Carloaet Mathews, a native of Ohio, then residing in Knoxville. They have one son— William A. 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He was born in the town of Turner, Oxford County, Maine, August 7, 1822. He is of English ancestry, being a descendant on his mother's side of Peter Hill, who came from the West of England and set- tled m Suco, Maine (now known as Bidde- ford), ill 1653. From this ancestry have sprung the most of the Hills of America. On his father's side he is a descendant of Nathaniel Merrill, who, with his brother John, came from Salisbury, England, and settled in Newburg, Massachusetts, in 1636. Abel Merrill married Abigail Hill, June 25, 1809, in Buxton, Maine. They soon moved to Turner, where they became the parents of eight children, Samuel, the sub- ject of this sketch, being next the youngest, the fourth and youngest son in the family, and in the eighth generation from his Pil- grim fathers. 18 Samuel was married first to Catherine Thoms, who died in 1847, but fourteen months after their marriage. In January, 185 1, he was again married, his second wife being a Miss Hill, of Buxton, Maine. To this union there have been born four chil- dren, three of whom died young, the eldest living to be only two and a half years old. At the age of sixteen he moved with his parents to Buxton, where his time was mostl}' engaged by turns in teaching and in attending school until he attained his majority. Having determined to make teaching a profession, he set out for that purpose toward the sunny South, but, as he says, he was " born too far north " for his political comfort. Sus{)icion having been aroused as to his abolitionist pro- clivities, and finding the elements not al- together congenial, he soon abandoned the land of chivalry for the old Granite State, where he engaged for several years in farming. In 1847 'i'^ removed to Tamworth, New Hampshire, where he embarked in mer- cantile business in company with a brother. In this, as in all his business enterprises, he was quite successful. Not being satisfied with the limited resources of Northern New England, he determined to try his good fortune on the broad prairies of the new and more fertile West. Accordingly, :♦:;♦: >.:♦! :♦::♦: :♦;.<»; W<. Mul. >"♦: :♦:>: :♦::«! >;;♦: :«>: >::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦. :♦:>: :♦::♦; ;♦:>: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦.:«: >;>: :♦::♦; :«:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::*: >;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦•:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦"'»: :•::«: :«!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*z*; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :«:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >:>: :♦:;♦• ;♦.:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦•: :♦■♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '.*.*'. >;■♦ '*■* :♦ •> ♦ < ♦ * ■*.♦; :♦::♦: ♦.'♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦'>: ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:* ♦ :♦: .■*.*• ■fc >:** .*-;•«•.,♦. •..♦::♦: •:♦: >;>:»:»;>;»;*;:f;;**:;o:3t':*:»>:Lcco;:c«>;ss!iSKJ^^ 204 GOVER/VORS OF IOWA. ' >: . .:♦; .«;;♦: !k:« :♦:»: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: »::♦: ;♦"♦: '•■>"♦: •>: ;♦; :».>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; .♦::♦: »::♦: .»::♦: :♦:;« »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦>: !«:♦: ;♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :■»::♦: >::♦: s»:»: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:»: »;:♦; »::♦: »>: ¥•♦; »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: ;♦:;♦: ♦-♦ :«V: :«;♦: »;:♦: !♦::« :«:♦: »::« »:■»: ?►* »::♦: »•::♦: »::♦: »;:♦: »>: :«;♦: :♦"♦: >:!»: :♦"♦: :■»::♦; !♦;■»•: >:♦; :♦;;♦: ■*;♦: :♦::♦; >■.'♦: knew him. had dealings with him found a man .♦>. 4 *■ in 1856, he turned his face toward the set- ting sun. He made a final settlement at McGregor, Iowa, where he established a branch house of the old firm. During all these years of business Mr. Merrill took an active but not a noisy part in politics. In 1854 he was elected as an Abolitionist to the New Hampshire Legis- lature, at the same time General N. B. Baker, ex-Adjutant General of Iowa, was Governor of the same State. In 1855 he was returned for a second term to the Leg- islature. In Iowa he was equally fortunate the good will of those who His neiofhbors and those who who was honest in his business, fair in his deal- ings, social in his relations, and benevolent in his disposition. He took an active in- terest in the prosperity of the town and ever held an open hand to all needed chari- ties. These traits of character had drawn around him, though not realized or intended by himself, a host of personal admirers. This good will resulted in his being nomi- nated for a seat in the State Legislature, and he was the only one on his ticket that was elected. The Legislature met in extra session in 1861 to provide for the exigencies of the Rebellion, and in its deliberations Mr. Merrill rendered effective and unselfish service. He continued in business at McGregor until the summer of 1862, when he was commissioned as Colonel of the Twenty- first Iowa Infantry, proceeding immediately to Missouri, where active service awaited him. Marmaduke was menacing the Union forces in Central Missouri, which called for prompt action on the part of the Union Generals. Colonel Merrill was placed in command of a detachment of the Twenty- first Iowa, a detachment of the Ninety-ninth Illinois, a portion of the Third Iowa Cavalry and two pieces of artillery, with orders to make a forced march to Springfield, he be- ing at Houston, eighty miles distant. On the morning of the nth of January, 1863, they having come across a body of rebels, found them advancing in heavy force. Colonel Merrill immediately made dis- position for battle, and brisk firing was kept up for an hour, when the enemy fell back. Colonel Merrill now moved in the direction of Hartville, where he found the rebels in force under Marmaduke, and from six to eight thousand strong, with six pieces of artillery, while Colonel Merrill had but 800 men and two pieces of artillery. In this engagement the rebels lost several officers and not less than 300 men in killed and wounded. The Union loss was seven killed and sixty-four wounded, five captured and two missing. The regiment performed severe marches and suffered much in sick- ness during the winter. It was assigned to the Thirteenth Corps, General John A. Mc- Clernand ; fought gallantly at the battle of Port Gibson; and while the impetuous charge of Black River bridge was being made Colonel Merrill was severely, and re- ported fatally, wounded. The battle of Black River bridge, the last of the series of engage- ments during the campaign of Vicksburg in which the rebels fought without their fortifi- cations, was a short but bloody combat. While Colonel Merrill was leading his regi- ment in this deadly charge he was wounded through the hips. This brought his mili- tary career to a close. Suffering from his wounds, he resigned his commission and re- turned to McGregor, but was unable to at- tend to his private affairs for many months. In 1867 he was chosen Governor to suc- ceed William M. Stone. He was inaugu- rated Januar}' 16, 1868, and served till January 11, 1872, being re-elected in 1869, After the expiration of his term of office he returned to McGregor, but as soon as he could adjust his business interests he lo- cated in Des Moines, where he is now President of the Citizens' National Bank. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"«■: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: !»::♦: :•♦•:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: .=»"♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: 5»::« :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: .<»:;♦: »;:«: :♦::♦: W.V. :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: !»:;♦: :♦:>: >:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :■»:;♦: :-»::♦: :♦"'»: >::♦: »:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; ;■»::«>: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: Wi W.V. :♦::♦: ;»::♦: Wx :♦::♦: Wi »::♦: 'W> >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: Wi :•»::♦: Wi ;■»:';»: Wi Wi !»::♦: Wi w. !♦::♦: >;:'»: Wi :♦::♦; Wi Wi >::♦: !»;:♦: *S :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; !*:>: ;♦:;♦: ';»:;♦; :♦:♦'■* yv>::4!s.*:*r*:*:*:»"*"«»"*:c*:c«:c«*:'»r** CyjiCS C. CAIiPEATER. 207 .♦;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: »::♦: :♦::« >*;* :«:« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::«° :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ?5* ;«:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: >::♦: »;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::«; :♦:>: :♦:;« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦':♦: :♦::♦: *~'^ :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦;:« :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«>: >"'*: :♦::« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:% :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦; »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: 'sm. :«:♦: :♦:;♦; . :c« »::♦: T ROM his numerous offi- cial positions, and the ability with which they have been filled, Cyrus C. Carpenter, the eighth Governor of the State of Iowa, deserves to be remembered as one of Iowa's foremost men. He is a native of Sus- quehanna County, Pennsyl- vania, and was born Novem- ber 24, 1829. His parents were Asahel and Amanda M. (Thayer) Carpenter, both of whom died be- fore he was twelve 3X'ars old. His grand- father, John Carpenter, was one of nine young men who, in 1789, left Attleborough, Massachusetts, for the purpose of finding a home in the " new country." After various vicissitudes they located upon the spot which they called Harford, in Northeastern Pennsylvania, the townshiji in which Cyrus was born. This location at that time was far from any other settlement, Wilkcsbarre, in Wyoming Valley, near the scene of the celebrated Indian massacre, being among the nearest, though fifty miles away. Cyrus attended a common school three or four months in a year until 1846, then taught winters and worked on a farm sum- mers for three or four years, and with the mone}' thus raised paid his expenses for several months at the academy which had been established in his native town. After leaving this institution, in 1852, he started westward ; halted at Johnstown, Licking County, Ohio ; taught there a year and a half, and with his funds thus replenished he came to Iowa, loitering some on the way, and reaching Des Moines in June, 1854. A few days later he started on foot up the Des Moines Valley, and found his way to Fort Dodge, eighty miles northwest of Des Moines, from which place the soldiers had moved the previous spring to Fort Ridgely, Minnesota. He now had but a single half dollar m his pocket. He frankly told the landlord of his straightened circumstances, offering to do any kind of labor until something should " turn up." On the evening of his arrival he heard a Government contractor state that his chief surveyor had left him and that he was going out to find another. Young Carpenter at once offered his ser- vices. To the inquiry whether he was a surveyor, he answered that he understood the theory of surveying, but had had no experience in the field. His services were promptly accepted, with a promise of steady :♦:>. >:>: >:>: >!>; >;:♦: »; »::♦; >::'•! >::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: !«•:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦"♦; :♦!♦ :♦::♦ >:♦! :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; »: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: >:>: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: Wi :♦;:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :c« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;-*;;♦: :«:;♦; .'»::♦: :♦::« :♦:♦: :♦"♦: :♦;;♦: >"«■ :♦::♦; :♦;«: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦;>: :♦;>: :♦:;♦: >:% :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; >;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; .♦::♦; :♦;■»; •♦;:♦; >;:♦; :«;:♦: ;•»;;*: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :■♦;•♦• :♦:>: *:■*! >;:^ :♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:»; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: :■♦•:♦: :•♦:>: :*■;♦: :♦::«! :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦;'♦; :♦::♦: if.'M :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :<>:•♦; I*::*; *:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦.:♦: :♦;>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;>: *;♦; *:♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;* :«::<•: ;♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦ '*' :♦.♦. 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The next winter he taught the first school opened in Fort Dodge, and from that date his general success was assured. For the first two years he was employed much of the time b}' persons having contracts for surveying Government lands. He was thus naturally led into the land business, and from the autumn of 1855, when the Land Office was established at Fort Dodge, much of his time was devoted to surveying, select- ing lands for buyers, tax-pa)'ing for foreign owners, and in short a general land agency. During this period he devoted such time as he could spare to reading law, with the view of eventuall}^ entering the profession. Soon after the civil war commenced he entered the army, and before going into the field was commissioned as Captain in the staff department, and served over three years, attaining the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel and being mustered out as brevet Colonel. He has served his State in numerous civil capacities. He was elected Surveyor of Webster County in the spring of 1856, and the next year was elected a Represen- tative to the General Assembl}-, and served in the first session of that body held at Dcs Moines. He was elected Register of the State Land Office in 1866, re-elected in 1868, and held the office four years, declin- ing to be a candidate for renomination. He was elected Governor of Iowa in 1 87 1, and was inaugurated January 11, 1872. He was re-elected two years later, and served until January 13, 1874. He made an able and popular executive. In his first inaugural address, delivered January 11, 1 872, he made a strong plea for the State University, and especially its normal de- partment, for the agricultural college, and for whatever would advance the material progress and prosperity of the people, urg- ing in particular the introduction of more manufactories. At the expiration of his second term as Governor Mr. Carpenter was appointed, without his previous knowledge. Second Comptroller of the United States Treasury, and resigned after holding that office about fifteen months. He was influenced to take this step at that time because another bureau officer was to be dismissed, as the head of the department held that Iowa had more heads of bureaus than she was entitled to, and his resigning an office of a higher grade saved a man who deserved to remain in Government employ. He was in the forty-seventh Congress from 1 88 1 to 1883, and represented Web- ster County in the twentieth General As- sembl)'. He is now leading the life of a private citizen at Fort Dodge, his chief employment being the carrying on of a farm. He is not rich, which is a striking commentar}' on his long official service. He has led a pure and upright life. He has been a Republican since the or- ganization of that party. In religious mat- ters he is orthodox. He was married in March, 1864, to Miss Susan C. Burkholder, of Fort Dodge. They have no children, but have reared from childhood a niece of Mrs. Carpenter, Miss Fannie Burkholder. :«':>:':»::«»:»::«i>:>::ciC»'>;:«:«>:'«:4:'A"<»;>::o:A>>:i»:>>::*::^^^^ :*::♦: ;«-::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«•: ;♦::♦: >:>: '♦♦; :«:>: :«:♦; :♦.:«: :♦.;<>; >:«■ :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:*; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:♦: ■■».:«; :♦::♦; :♦:*: :♦;:♦; *:♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦; >:;♦: :♦•• .*■ * '.*.'^, :♦::•; >::♦; ♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦!* :♦::♦: :♦:*; :♦;:♦: ■♦» ;<■:>; >::♦: :♦:♦: >!.♦: ■-»:>: >>: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >;>: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: >:;♦: :♦::♦; ■♦"♦: :♦.>: :♦:'•>: >::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦:>: ;♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦; >;:♦: ;♦;♦) :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦;>; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >■>: '.*'.'.*'. '.*.'*'. :♦:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: . >!>: •♦<♦;:♦: •V V ** ** ** ** ** :♦:* ** ** ** ** ** ** :♦:* ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** *:♦: ** *:♦: *:♦: :♦"♦: ** ** *:♦: ** *■♦: .♦"♦: ** ;♦::♦; :♦:* ** ** :♦::♦; :♦::«: *;♦: ** :♦:* ** ** ** ** *:♦; *♦: ** ** ** **; ** ** ** ** ** ** *:♦: *>: :♦"* ** ** ** *:♦' *•»: *:♦: ** *:♦: *:♦: *:♦; ** ** ** ** *:♦: ** *.*: JOSHUA G. NEWBOLD. ?n^r>it^i';-ri^'r*it:r^^^'^^^g'i '^^r^^tfi^iTr'(*'.''i'Tt'r^>'r'T^r-'=^^^ EC:3i5^G^iS3!'E Sk^i\Ji.Aja333g3i-l:AtA:.SViL!Eg3E5a5I3SeS3'^^'^ ^+f^JOSKrA G. NEWBOLIK^^ i OSHUA G. NEWBOLD was the tenth Governor of the State, and the thirteenth of Iowa, num- bering from the first Territorial G o v e r nor. He is 3-et living at Mount Pleasant. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and his an- • cestors in this country were among the very early set- tlers in New Jerse}-. They were Friends, and conse- quently none of them figured in the struggle for the independence of the colo- nies. Governor Newbold is the son of Barzilla and Catherine (Houseman) New- bold. He was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, May 12, 1830, and reared as a farmer. When he was eight years of age the family moved to Westmoreland County, same State, where he was educated in the common school, and also in a select school or academ\-, tiic latter taught by Dr. John Lewis, since of Grinnell, Iowa. At si.xteen he returned witii the family to Fayette County, where he remained eight 3'ears, assisting his father in running a flouring mill, when not teaching. When about nine- teen he began the stud}- of medicine, read- ing a )-ear or more while teaching, and then abandoning the notion of being a physician. In the month of March, 1854, Mr. New- bold removed to Iowa, locating on a farm, now partly in the corporation of Mount Pleasant, Henry County. At the end of one year he removed to Cedar Township, Van Buren Count3% there merchandising and farming till about i860, when he re- moved to Hillsboro, Henry County- and pursued the same callings. In 1862, when the call was made for 600,- 000 men to finish the work of crushing the Rebellion, Mr. Newbold left his farm in the hands of his family and his store in charge of his partner, and went into the army as Captain of Compan}' C, Twenty-fifth Regi- ment Iowa Infantr}-. He served nearly three years, resigning just before the war closed, on account of disability. During the last two or three months he served at the South he filled the position of Judge Advocate, with headquarters at Woodville, Alabama. His regiment was one of those that made Iowa troops famous. It arrived at Helena, Arkansas, in November, 1862, and sailed in December following on the expedition against Vicksburg by way of Chickasaw Bayou. At the latter place was its first en- gagement. Its second was at Arkansas Post, and there it suffered severely, losing in killed and wounded more than sixty. Alter Lookout Mountain it joined in the pursuit of Bragg's flying forces to Ring- ** ** ** ♦,♦: *:♦: *:♦: *:«>: .*:♦: ** :♦:;♦: *.4: >:;♦: *;♦: .*:♦: *»: :♦::♦: ** ;♦:;♦: *:« :■♦:.♦: *:« :♦;* :♦:* ** ** ** ** .** :♦:* *:♦: :»:♦: ** >.;♦; ■^:->: :♦::*: :<■■*' .»■;♦: :«-.* :<*::♦. :: *::<•; !*■:* ■■■;■<•: .•>r ■«'•» *:♦: *'♦' >■* ♦ ♦ ** > v '•»:* :♦::♦: ■<■>: :<•:>■ ;«:♦: *■<■' v: >: .,. .,.>:*:c4:**»:*»"ccccc*:c*;*:*>' '•■*■'•»■■*■■•'• ♦•*:cc*"*»"^^^^^ ;**>>^*"*:j»;>:>"*>:****;:*;***** : *>;**:c*;;*r****»:**r*********:c****.******* .♦..♦; »:;<)■; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«■: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :-»:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;«:>: ;♦:»: :♦:»: ;♦>: ;«:;♦: :♦:;♦: *:»; :♦:>: .*::♦; :♦:;« :♦::♦: :«::♦: %:♦: »::♦: »:;♦: am :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:<••: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•»: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >:!♦: :♦::«•: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■♦■ :♦"♦; :«;♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; !♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦!:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >:>: :♦;:♦: '♦;!♦; :♦:♦; :♦:♦: GOVERNORS OF IOWA. gold, where it engaged the enemy in their strong works, November 27 losing twenty- nine wounded. The following year it joined Sherman in his Atlanta campaign, then on the famous march to the sea and through the Carolinas. On returning to Iowa he continued in the mercantile trade at Hillsboro for three or four years, and then sold out, giving thereafter his whole attention to agricult- ure, stock-raising and stock-dealing, mak- ing the stock department an important factor in his business for several 3-ears. Mr. Newbold was a member of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth General Assem- blies, representing Henry County, and was chairman of the school committee in the fourteenth, and of the committee on appro- priations in the fifteenth General Assembly. In the fifteenth (1874) he was temporary' Speaker during the deadlock in organizing the House. In 1875 he was elected Lieu- tenant Governor on the Republican ticket with Samuel J. Kirkwood. His Democratic competitor was E. B. Woodward, who received 93,060 votes. Mr. Newbold received 134,166, or a majority of 31,106. Governor Kirkwood being elected United States Senator during that session, Mr. Newbold became Governor, taking the chair February i, 1877, and vacating it for Governor Gear in January, 1878. Governor Newbold's message to the Leg- islature in 1878 shows painstaking care and a clear business-like view of the fn- terests of the State. His recommendations were carefully considered and largely adopted. The State's finances were then in a less creditable condition than ever be- fore or since, as there was an increasins: floating debt, then amounting to $340,- 826.56, more than $90,000 in excess of the Constitutional limitation. Said Governor Newbold in his message: "The common- wealth ought not to set an example of dila- toriness in meeting its obligations. Of all forms of indebtedness, that of a floating character is the most objectionable. The uncertainty as to its amount will invariably enter into any computation made b)' persons contracting with the State for supplies, ma- terial or labor. To remove the present difficulty, and to avert its recurrence, I look upon as the most important work that will demand your attention." One of the greatest problems before statesmen is that of equal and just taxation. The following recommendation shows that Governor Newbold was abreast with fore- most thinkers, for it proposes a step which yearly finds more favor with the people: " The inequalities of the personal-property valuations of the several counties suggest to my mind the propriety of so adjusting the State's lev}- as to require the counties to pay into the State treasury only the tax on realty, leaving the corresponding tax on personalty in the county treasury. This would rest with each county the adjust- ment of its personal property valuations, without fear that they might be so high as to work injustice to itself in comparison with other counties." Governor Newbold has always affiliated with the Republican party, and holds to its great cardinal doctrines, having once em- braced them, with the same sincerity and honesty that he cherishes his religious senti- ments. He has been a Christian for some- thing like twenty-five years, his connection being with the Free-Will Baptist church. He found his wife, Rachel Farquhar, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, their union taking place on the 2d of Ma}-, 1850. They have had five children, and lost two. The names of the living are — Mary AUene, Emma Irene and George C. The Governor is not yet an old man, and may serve his State or county in other capacities in the coming years. ;«:.'.. :♦:.♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: .*::« :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;«>: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;«: »::♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: '♦:;♦: :«:;♦: ;♦:;<»: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.«■; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦:;«: ,*;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"«•: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;»: :♦:.»; »;:♦; :♦::«: .♦::♦: :♦::♦: w.v. ;♦::»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"'»: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >;:♦: :♦:!»: %w. :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«::«: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: >"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦>: »::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::*: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: !»"'»: :♦::♦: :«:>: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; . * A « A A . «•..♦>.*.♦„♦,.♦..♦..♦„«- - - - - ^ ■♦:>;****:«:*:*;»;;c«;»»;*:c*:«»;;c«;c*:.»:*"«:*;^^^ /. ♦;■>•:.*:♦:.♦;■*;* .♦;.♦>:.♦;.♦:.• ;♦::♦! ;♦::♦; >:>: :♦!;♦: »; :♦::■« :♦;:•« ;♦:;♦: :♦::«! :♦::« :♦::* V.'M :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::« :♦::♦' ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: - :♦;:♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:* >::♦: :♦:>: >::« :♦::♦: >::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::« »::« :♦::* :♦;:•« :♦::* ■*;'^' :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;« :♦::« :♦:>: :♦::•« :♦;:•« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■« :♦::•« :♦:>: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::« :♦;:♦; >::« :♦::« :♦::« >::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :«:« :♦>: :♦::«•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: W.'M :«::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦■: *~ :♦. JOHN //. GEAIi. 2>S [he eleventh to hold the highest official posi- tion in the State of Iowa was John H. Gear, of Burlington. He is yet living in that city. He was born in Ithaca, New York, April 7, 1825. His father was Rev. E. G. Gear, a cler- gyman of the Protestant Episcopal church, who was born in New London, Connecticut, in 1792. - . s,<^-»,a ^^ When he was quite young •N^^i^^y** h i s family removed to Pittsfield, Berkshire Count)', in 1 8 16, after being or- dained, he emigrated to New York and settled at Onondaga Hill, near which is now the thriving city of Syracuse. Soon after locating there he was married to Miranda E. Cook. He was engaged in the ministry in various places in Western New York until 1836, when he removed to Galena, Illinois. There he remained until 1S38, when he was appointed Chaplain in the United States Army at Fort Sneliing, Minnesota. He died in 1874, aged eighty -two years. John H., his only son, in 1843, came to Burlington, where he has since continued to reside. On his arrival he commenced Massachusetts ; his mercantile career by engaging as clerk with the firm of Bridgeman & Bros. After being with this firm for a little over a year he entered the employ of W. F. Coolbaugh (since president of the Union National Bank, of Chicago), who was even at that early date the leading merchant of Eastern Iowa. He was clerk for Mr. Coolbaugh for about five years, and was then taken into partnership. The firm of W. F. Cool- baugh & Co. continued in business for nearly five years, when Mr. Gear suc- ceeded to the business b)' purchase, and carried it on until he became known as the oldest wholesale grocer in the State. He is now president of a large rolling mill company at Burlington. Mr. Gear has been honored by his fellow- citizens with many positions of trust. In 1852 he was elected alderman ; in 1863 was elected mayor over A. W. Carpenter, be- ing the first Republican up to that time who had been elected in Burlington on a party issue. In 1867 the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Railroad Company was organized, and he was chosen as its president. His efiorts highly contributed to the success of the enterprise, which did much for Burlington. He was also active in promoting the Burlington & Southwest- ern Railway, as well as the Burlington & Northwestern narrow-gauge road. :♦,;*; ;♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; '^. :♦;:♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: ;♦!:♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :•»;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;>: ;♦.:••■ :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::«: :♦;:♦: W. :♦;>: :♦::*: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦>; »: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; »:>: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >;:«: :♦:;♦; >'>: >::♦: :♦:>' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦;' :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :«•:♦: :♦:;♦: :«:« ;♦::♦: !»::♦: •*:♦! !••:♦; * ♦' ♦ ♦ ♦ *,<'♦"♦??»"♦; •»::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :*:>; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :*::♦: :♦;■■»: :*::> ♦;•>: :»:>: :♦:>: :♦::*: :»:>! '♦>! ;♦:;*: >::*■ :*:o: :♦::•: >;.■*■ :♦;:*; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ■*:«•: :•♦ '•>: ■'>::•»: :♦::*: :♦:>; :•♦;*'; «» ■»" »: >::♦: :*:♦: :*::«■; :<■;;♦: :♦::♦: ■*:;♦: :♦;♦: :♦:<>: >'*: :■»::♦: >:>: :•♦::♦; :♦::♦: *^ :<>«> :♦.:'>: :-*::*' >:'v: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >;:♦: *>: >;» :*;:♦; ■• *". '*■.*. :<•;;♦: >;:*: :♦:>; :♦;♦; >:♦: !«;!*: >:•; *::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::*: ;*,:*: :♦:♦: ;♦:.♦: :♦::<>; ;•>;>: :♦:*: .♦.:♦. >..♦,.« »:>::«:«:c«.^:4:>:::<«>:iK;4!'4::c«:4':»::« 2irj GOVERNORS OF IOWA. He has always acted with the Republican party, and in 1871 was nominated and elected a member of the House of Repre- sentatives of the Fourteenth General As- sembly. In 1873 he was elected to the Fifteenth General Assembly. The Repub- lican caucus of the House nominated him for Speaker by acclamation, and after a contest of two weeks he was chosen over his opponent, J. W. Dixon. He filled the position of Speaker very acceptably, and at the close of the session all the members of the House, independent of party affili- ations, joined in signing their names to a resolution of thanks, which was engraved and presented to him. In 1875 he was the third time nominated to the Assembly by the Republican party, and while his county gave a large Democratic vote he was again elected. He was also again nominated for Speaker, by the Republican caucus, and was elected by a handsome majority over his competitor, Hon. John Y. Stone. He is the only man in the State who ever had the honor of being chosen to this high posi- tion a second time. He enjoys the reputa- tion of being an able parliamentarian, his rulings never having been appealed from. At the close of the session he again received the unanimous thanks of the House for his courtesy and impartiality. In 1877 he was nominated for Governor by the Republican convention which met at Des Moines, June 28, and at the election held the following October he received 121,546 votes, against 79,353 for John P. Irish, 10,639 for Elias Jcssup, and 38,228 for D. P. Stubbs. His plurality over Irish was 42,193. He was inaugurated January 17, 1878, and served four years, being re-elected in 1879, by the following handsome vote: Gear, 157,571 ; Trimble, 85,056; Campbell, 45,439; Dungan, 3,258; Gear's majority over all competitors, 23,828. His second inauguration was in January, 1880. Governor Gear's business habits enabled him to discharge the duties of his office with marked ability. He found the finan- cial condition of the State in a low ebb, but raised Iowa's credit to that of the best of our States. In his last biennial message he was able to report : " The warrants out- standing, but not bearing interest, Septem- ber 30, 1881, amounted to $22,093.74, and there are now in the treasury ample funds to meet the current expenses of the State. The war and defense debt has been paid, except the warrants for $125,000 negotiated by the executive, auditor and treasurer, under the law of the Eighteenth General Assembly, and $2,500 of the original bonds not yet presented for payment. The only other debt owing by the State amounts to $245,435.19, due to the permanent school fund, a portion of which is made irredeem- able by the Constitution. These facts place Iowa practically among the States which have no debt, a consideration which must add much to her reputation. The expenses of the State for the last two years are less than those of any other period since 1869, and this notwithstanding the fact that the State is to-day sustaining several institu- tions not then in existence ; namel)', the hospital at Independence, the additional penitentiar}', the normal school, and the asylum for the feeble-minded children, be- sides the girl's department of the reform school. The State also, at present, makes provision for fish culture, for a useful weather service, for sanitary supervision by a board of health, for encouraging im- migration to the State, for the inspection of coal mines by a State inspector, and libcrall}' for the military arm of the Government." Governor Gear is now in the sixty-first year of his age, and is in the full vigor of both his mental and physical faculties. He was married in 1852 to Harriet S. Foot, formerlyofMiddlebury, Vermont, by whom he has had four children, two of whom are living. :♦:>:>: ;♦:*" :♦::«: ;♦:;♦: ;♦» »; :■»::♦; ;♦:;♦: >::♦; :♦:>: :♦:♦: >■>; :«>: :<•■;♦; ;«>:<>: >;»: ;♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦';♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;«•; :♦;:♦: :<•::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦: :*'■«■: ;«•'>; ;•.-:;♦: >•>' :«■:;■»: >;■«•; :♦;:♦: ;♦:♦; ;*..♦; ;•♦:■»; >;;♦; :♦;;♦: ■♦:;♦; >:* >;:♦; :♦:;«•: •»;:*•: ;<•::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦•:♦: :♦;♦: >:.»•! ;»:»: >;;*: :♦::■;•: :•)•:♦; :♦;»: :♦;:♦; :*::♦: :*:>: ;•♦::♦: ;♦;;•; ;♦::••: »::♦: ;♦;;*: :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦:'♦: !*■« >;:♦: :»:>: :♦.:♦; :♦;;♦; .♦;;*;*;:*::*:>:»::*:>:>:.*:»:!»!k:c*;;f;>;;v;;<>..*:>:;<..c»;.*;>..*.>>;;«^^^^ (j3, d?. J^^^rri^ciy^ Bi/iiE.\- R. aHERMAN. 219 --. ♦. >::♦: ■■: ,♦; -»:.♦; »:*: ♦:.♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ♦:;♦; ^;:♦: ■;•:;♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:»■: »>: :♦:;♦: »>; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: »>; :♦"♦: ■>.;♦; *;:♦: >:♦: -♦;♦: :♦'■♦ :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: ;«»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«»: -:♦>: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: •»:♦: *:♦; ■ :•- ♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: ,♦:♦' ♦:.♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >"•»: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦>: ■'■"'♦: .•♦,.♦. :♦::*: !«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: »::♦: '♦"♦: ■■>:>: ^C^ ^ jiift ^^ f^: {HE twelfth Governor of the State was Buren R. Sherman, who held office two terms, from 1882 to 1886. He was born in Phelps, Ontario County, New Vork, May 28, 1836, and is the third son of Phineas L. and Eve- line (Robinson) Slierman, both of whom were natives of the Empire State. The subject of this sketch received his earl)- educa- tion in the public schools of his native place, and con- cluded his studies at Elmira, New Yc^rk, acquiring a thorough knowledge of the English branches. At the close of his studies, acting on the advice of his father, who was a mechanic (an ax maker), he ap- prenticed himself to Mr. S. Ayres, of El- mira, to learn the watchmaker's trade. In 1855, with his family, he removed to Iowa and settled upon an unbroken prairie, in what is now Geneseo Township, Tama County, where his father had purchased lands from the Government. There young Sherman labored on his father's farm, em- ploying his leisure hours in the study of law, which he had begun at Elmira. He also engaged as bookkeeper in a neighbor- ing town, and with his wages assisted his parents in improving their farm. In the summer of 1859 he was admitted to the bar, and the following spring removed to Vin- ton, and began the practice of law with Hon. William Smyth, formerly District Judge, and J. C. Traer, conducting the business under the firm name of Smyth, Traer & Sherman. They built up a flourishing practice and were prospering when, upon the opening of the war, in 1861, Mr. Sherman enlisted in Company G, Thirteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and immediately went to the front. He entered the service as Second Sergeant, and in February, 1862, was made Second Lieutenant of Company E. On the 6th of April following he was very severely wounded at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and while in the hospital was promoted to the rank of Captain. He returned to his company while yet obliged to use crutches, ^ and remained on duty till the summer of 1863, when, by reason of his wound, he was compelled to resign and return home. Soon after returning from the army he was elected County Judge of Benton Count}', and re-elected without opposition in 1865. In the autumn of 1866 he resigned his judge- ship and accepted the office of clerk of the District Court, to which he was re-elected in 1868, 1870 and 1872, and in December, 1874, resigned in order to accept the office :♦;:♦: '♦;:*■' :♦:>: :•♦..*: :♦. ;♦; **; ♦ >. *;:♦; :♦"♦; !♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: * ♦: ♦:♦: ♦:♦: '♦::♦: :♦;♦: >::♦'. ;♦:;♦: :♦:•»■: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦' :♦:>: >■* ,♦;:•*■: »; :♦•::*■" ,«■>' >; ,♦" ♦ >■ ♦ > ♦;♦: ♦:♦" GOVERNORS OF IOWA. :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«:♦: :«::♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::* >"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"'»: :♦::♦: :*.;♦: ;♦■;♦< :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :«:♦: •♦«♦; :«>: :«.:♦: :♦>: :♦:>: :«% :♦;:♦: :♦::*: ;♦:>: :♦>: :♦>; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>; »::♦: :♦>; ;♦::♦; :♦::« :♦>: »;:♦: »:;♦: »::♦: »::♦! :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦!:♦; :♦;:« »>: »:»: »;:♦; :♦::♦: :«;« »:»: ;♦::♦; :♦::«: :♦>: :♦;:♦; »::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦':« :♦;:♦; :«:'^ :♦::♦: •*::••>• :♦;:♦: :«>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦;:« »;:« :♦::« :♦;:♦: ■-•»: of Auditor of State, to which he had been elected by a majority of 28,425 over J. M. King, the " anti-monopoly" candidate. In 1876 he was re-nominated and received 50,- 272 more votes than W. Growneweg(Demo- crat) and Leonard Brown (Greenback) to- gether. In 1878 he was again chosen to represent the Republican party in that office, and this time received a majority of 7,164 over the combined votes of Colonel Eiboeck (Democrat) and G. V. Swearenger (Green- back). In the six years that he held this office, he was untiring in his faithful appli- cation to routine work and devotion to his especial share of the State's business. He retired with such an enviable record that it was with no surprise the people learned, June 27, 1 88 1, that he was the nominee of the Republican party for Governor The campaign was an exciting one. The General Assembly had submitted to the people the prohibitory amendment to the Constitution. This, while not a partisan question, became uppermost in the mind of the public. Mr. Sherman received 133,- 330 votes, against 83,244 for Kinne and 28,- 112 for D. M. Clark, or a plurality of 50,086 and a majority of 21,974. In 1883 he was re-nominated by the Republicans, as was L. G. Kinne by the Democrats. The National party offered J. B. Weaver. During the campaign these candidates held a number of joint discussions at different points in the State. At the election the vote was : Sher- man, 164,182; Kinne, 139,093; Weaver, 23,- 089; Sherman's plurality, 25,089 ; majority, 2,000. In his second inaugural Governor Sherman said : " In assuming, for the second time, the office of Chief Magistrate of the State, I fully realize my grateful obligations to the people of Iowa, through whose generous confidence I am here. I am aware of the duties and grave responsibilities of this ex- alted position, and as well what is expected ol me therein. As in the past I have given my undivided time and serious attention thereto, so in the future I promise the most earnest devotion and untiring effort in the faithful performance of my official require- ments. I have seen the State grow from infancy to mature manhood, and each year one of substantial betterment of its previous position. " With more railroads than an}^ other State, save two ; with a school interest the grandest and strongest, which commands the support and confidence of all the peo- ple, and a population, which in its entirety is superior to any other in the sisterhood, it is not strange the pride which attaches to our people. When we remember that the results of our efforts in the direction of good government have been crowned with such magnificent success, and to-day we have a State in most perfect phj'sical and financial condition, no wonder our hearts swell in honest pride as we contemplate the past and so confidently hope for the future. What we may become depends on our own efforts, and to that future I look with earnest and abiding confidence." Governor Sherman's term of office con- tinued until January 14, 1886, when he was succeeded by William Larrabee, and he is now, temporarily, perhaps, enjoying a well- earned rest. He has been a Republican since the organization of that party, and his services as a campaign speaker have been for man}- years in great demand. As an officer he has been able to make an enviable record. Himself honorable and thorough, liis management of public business has been of the same character, and such as has com- mended him to the hearty approval of the citizens of the State. He was married August 20, 1862, to Miss Lena Kendall, of Vinton, Iowa, a young lady of rare accomplishments and strength of character. The union has been happy in every respect. They have two children — Lena Kendall and Oscar Eugene. > •••■■» »♦•*•♦•*•»"♦:♦ ♦ •* ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦.•♦.♦::«-»":*;«:;-»:i*;>:. :♦::♦: W, :♦::« :♦-♦: W<. >::♦: >;:♦: !♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: ;♦;*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;*; :«;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: »::♦: :♦>: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦«♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: 'HfM :♦!:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦; .«.:♦: »::♦: »::♦; »;:♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦:>: :♦"♦: »::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«; :♦::« :♦;:♦; :♦:♦; ♦» :♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«': Yf.W. :♦>; :♦:;« »>: :♦::« :«-« :♦>: :♦::♦: :* * \ :♦:;♦: :♦::«! HfJH :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:•»: :♦:;♦: ;♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:»: :♦:<»: :♦::« :♦>: :♦>: !»::♦: :♦>: :♦:;« :♦:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦; :♦"♦; ;♦"♦; :♦::♦: :«::<»: ;♦::♦: :c« :♦:>: »::♦: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: !^ ;♦:>: ;♦_♦: •♦:>; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: »; :♦;:♦: ;♦>; :♦:*; :♦::•: ■»;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: m »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: j^ ♦^: !♦;;♦: :♦:;«: re*: »: :♦'♦; r WILLIAM LARRABEE. ILLI AM LARRABEE is the thirteenth Governor of this State, and the six- teenth Governor of Iowa, counting from the Territo- rial organization. His ancestors bore the name of d'Larrabee, and were among the French Hugue- nots who came to America early in the seventeenth century, set- tling in Connecticut. Adam Larrabee was born March 14, 1787, and was one of the early graduates of West Point Military Academy. He served with distinction in the war of 1812, having been made a Second Lieuten- ant March i, 181 1. He was promoted to be Captain February i, 1814, and was soon after, March 30, of the same year, severely wounded at the battle of Lacole Mills, dur- ing General Wilkinson's campaign on the St. Lawrence. He recovered from this wound, which was in the lung, and was afterward married to Hannah Gallup Lester, who was born June 8, 1798, and died March 15. 1837- Captain Larrabee died in 1869, aged eighty-two. The subject of this sketch was born at ♦ :♦"♦>»;;♦;:♦"♦> Ledyard, Connecticut, January 20, 1832, and was the seventh (jf nine children. He passed his early life on a rugged New Eng- land farm, and received only moderate school advantages. He attended the dis- trict schools winters until nineteen years of age, and then taught school for two winters. He was now of an age when it became necessary to form some plans for the future. In this, however, he was embarrassed by a misfortune which belel him at the age of fourteen. In being trained to the use of fire-arms under his father's direction, an ac- cidental discharge resulted in the loss of sight in the right eye. This unfitted him for many employments usually sought by ambitious youths. The family lived two miles from the sea, and in that locality it was the custom lor at least one son in each family to become a sailor. William's two eldest brothers chose this occupation, and the third remained in charge of the home farm. Thus made free to choose for himself William decided to emigrate West. In 1853, accordingly, he came to Iowa. His elder sister, Hannah, wife of E. H. Williams, was then living at Garnavillo, Clayton County, and there he went first. In that way he selected Northeast Iowa as his .♦,♦ ;«.♦ :♦> >■* :♦+ >:> » ;♦::♦. :♦:>: »: :c* :♦;:« «:♦; MX :♦!♦ ♦■i :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »:»: <»::♦: :♦::♦: F^ :♦::« :♦::« ■♦IS »::« :«:♦: :♦«« :♦::♦; :♦>: :♦::'». :♦::«: :♦::« :♦::«': >::♦: »::♦: :♦:* :*::«: »::♦: MM MM. MM MM MM ;♦-« dlfi :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;« MM »>: »>: ;♦::« ■♦H :*::♦: '♦•♦" MM ♦'■*' >.±i.'i*A;t.*JA*Jt***A*'.Si**..».****.*******.**. .'.y~"r,.».»A.»^*>»..»-*.«.«_».»ft,'^«*.»J».^,.».*««,*,».A* 224 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. ■♦":♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:<« :♦":♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: >::♦: »: :♦;■*• :♦:»: :♦:»: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :■•■;:•« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :«"♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :«% :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦»♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ' :♦::♦: :«»: :♦::« !»>: »!:♦: future home. After teaching one winter at Hardin, he was for three years employed as a sort of foreman on the Grand Meadow farm of his brother-in-law, Judge Williams. In 1857 he bought a one-third interest in the Clermont Mills, and located at Cler- mont, Fayette County. He soon was able to buy the other two-thirds, and within a year found himself sole owner. He oper- ated this mill until 1874, when he sold to S. M. Leach. On the breaking out of the war he oflered to enlist, but was rejected on ac- count of the loss of his right eye. Being informed he might possibly be admitted as a commissioned officer he raised a company and received a commission as First Lieu- tenant, but was again rejected for the same disability. After selling the mill Mr. Larrabee de- voted himself to farming, and started a private bank at Clermont. He also, ex- perimentally, started a large nursery, but this resulted only in confirming the belief that Northern Iowa has too rigorous a cli- mate for fruit-raising. Mr. Larrabee did not begin his political career until 1867. He was reared as a Whig, and became a Republican on the or- ganization of that party. While interested in politics he generally refused local offices, serving only as treasurer of the School Board prior to 1867. In the autumn of that year, on the Republican ticket, he was elected to represent his county in the State Senate. To this high position he was re- elected from time to time, so that he served as Senator continuously for eighteen years before being promoted to the highest office in the State. He was so popular at home that he was generally re-nominated b\- ac- clamation, and for some years the Demo- crats did not even make nominations. During the whole eighteen years Senator Larrabee was a member of the principal committee, that on Ways and Means, of which he was generally chairman, and was also a member of other committees. In the pursuit of the duties thus devolving upon him he was indefatigable. It is said that he never missed a committee meeting. Not alone in this, but in private and public business of all kinds his uniform habit is that of close application to work. Many of the important measures passed by the Legislature owe their existence or present form to him. He was a candidate for the gubernatorial nomination in 1881, but entered the contest too late, as Governor Sherman's following had been successfully organized. In 1885 it was generally conceded before the meet- ing of the convention that he would be nominated, which he was, and his election followed as a matter of course. He was inaugurated January 14, 1886, and so far has made an excellent Governor. His position in regard to the liquor question, that on which political fortunes are made and lost in Iowa, is that the majority should rule. He was personally in favor of high license, but having been elected Governor, and sworn to uphold the Constitution and execute the laws, he proposes to do so. A Senator who sat beside him in the Senate declares him to be " a man of the broadest comprehension and information, an extraordinarily clear reasoner, fair and conscientious in his conclusions, and of Spartan firmness in his matured judg- ment," and says that " he brings the prac- tical facts and philosophy of human nature, the science and history of law, to aid in his decisions, and adheres with the earnestness of Jefferson and Sumner to the fundamental principles of the people's rights in govern- ment and law." Governor Larrabee was married Sep- tember 12, 1 86 1, at Clermont, to Anna M. Appelman, daughter of Captain G. A. Appelman. Governor Larrabee has seven children — Charles, Augusta, Julia, Anna, William, Frederic and Helen. > ;♦ ;♦;;♦. >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:«: . :♦::♦: :♦;>: >::«: »: »: »: :♦::♦: :«:«: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >.:♦: :♦::♦: :■»>: :-»r* »: :••>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :«;:♦: :♦::♦: :«>: »: :♦>: :♦::♦: :«;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: •«•::♦: ;♦::♦: :«:;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »: .»: :♦;:«: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦; :•»::♦: :♦"♦: »: >::♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: »: :♦::«: :♦::«: »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: l^i !: :♦>: 5»;:« :♦"♦: :♦:.«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :'•"♦: :♦>; :♦:;« :«"♦: !*>::♦: >"♦: '«:♦: ■•:♦. •:♦: ♦" •.♦: • ♦; ^ ♦: ■-::♦: -:♦: I :♦: .♦: ►;♦: >;♦: >:♦: -:♦: ^♦: ■'•:♦: -;♦: ■•■* <-;♦: ■•••■♦; < :♦: >:♦: ■>;♦: ■*>; >;♦; »:♦: *;♦; •■:;«; ■)•■:♦; »:;♦; ■•:♦: - ;♦: >'♦' > :♦; »:♦: • :♦: -;♦; >:♦: >:;♦: ♦:♦: !•:♦: *:♦; ♦::♦: >::♦; *::♦: *:;♦; -:»: •'.:♦; ►:;♦; -■::♦: »::♦: *:♦; >.;♦; ».;♦: .•:♦; »::♦: *::♦; ♦:;♦; >:;♦: >::♦: »;:♦: *:♦; *:«: >:;♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: ■♦•:♦: ♦:♦; ♦::♦: ♦::♦; »::♦; ♦::♦; :♦:»: :♦:»: :♦;:♦; ♦:♦: r*: ^:* ■»::♦; '>::♦; !,:♦: ':♦; >:;♦: ♦::♦: '•:♦: • ♦: . ,♦: :.:♦: ■.::♦: !•:♦: >'♦: , >" > ♦ » :♦;>: :♦::♦: :; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;?»: »: >">: »;:♦; :♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;** >::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; ■*;:♦: :♦::♦; :■*::♦: :«:♦: :♦:>: »:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: !•:>: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« ?i* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::«': :♦::♦: ;«:♦: :■»"♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;«: !•;;♦: :♦:;«: :♦:>: :♦:>: >:>; :♦:>: >::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :«"♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::'*: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::*: »:;♦: :♦>. •»::♦; :♦::♦: :«;;'»: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦:»: :♦':♦: .♦ ♦ :♦>; ;♦:.♦; :♦:*; »;:♦: *::♦; *">; :'^>: 5^>; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :«*; :♦::♦; :♦;•♦; :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦;;♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦"«: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; (»>: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: »: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: »::♦: ;♦::« :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: ;♦::♦; :«:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦: »::♦: :♦;:«! ;«:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦; ;♦::* ;♦;;♦; :♦:•♦• .♦;;♦; ♦"* :♦::♦; ■«i>: ♦r* ♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; >"♦; ♦;:♦: ♦;:« ;*:5»; :♦;:♦; »::♦: >::♦: ♦;:«! -♦:;♦; »* ♦:;♦; »,* ♦;;♦. ♦::♦; ♦::♦; ♦;>: <::♦; ♦:;♦; ♦ ;♦■ »:;♦; ♦ :♦: :♦:♦. :♦;;♦; :♦;>; ;♦:;♦; :♦"«: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦. :♦;:♦; *:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::<»: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦>; :♦:•♦; :♦>: :♦;>: •••::♦; >;:♦; :c*; :♦;;♦; ;♦»«': :♦>: *;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦>; ;♦:'♦: :♦::♦; ;♦>: :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:•; :♦::♦; w.v. »::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; *i^ :♦::«; :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ^ >;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; '♦"♦' '..▼..^jtjCxT:.^ »:»: %% »::♦: :♦>: »:.« »>: »::« »;:♦: !«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:3K »::♦: :«;♦: »::♦: »■;♦: ;♦::♦: ;c« »::♦: :«:<»: :♦::♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦>: »:;♦: :«;♦: :«::*: »:•« »"'•': »>: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: »:;« Hf.Hf. ;♦::♦: :♦:»: :«;♦: »::♦: *;♦■ ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦; ♦♦- k*: ;«;♦: :c« »»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :«»: :♦::«: :♦::«' :cV »::♦: :♦:»: :«♦: :«f« :♦;:♦: :«:«: :♦::♦: >♦»♦; >:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦: %:♦: :♦:>: :♦:.*: '♦:♦: ♦;:♦: ♦"♦: ♦"♦: ♦::♦: ;♦;•»; »: :♦>: •♦;:♦; <»>: :♦::♦: ♦:;♦: :♦::♦; <•"'♦■ #f I BIOGRAPHICilL ip o<8KETGHE8.>* £^^%SS^^ig^^^SS^^S!^S£Srsii^%SS!S^«C^^^e:^%-0:Sii<®K^^{ :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: »;;« '♦:»: ♦"« ♦:*" '"♦: :■:■:♦; :*•::♦; :♦;;♦: ;«.♦: ;*;* :♦:« »:!♦: :«.:♦: »: .4;!*: »::♦: :♦:.« ;♦:.% !♦-♦ :♦:.« :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: 1^ ;♦::♦: »::♦: »>: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«!►: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »x« !»:;« ;«;« :♦"♦: ;*;* :<« ;«!♦: !»"♦: :♦"♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«.« :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :«:« ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦>: »"♦: »:?« »>: ;♦;:♦: ■♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;*: :♦;:« :♦!:« :<•;:<»: :♦"♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;•« :♦;.* !»::♦: ;♦;♦; ;♦:.♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;♦. ;*:v: :♦.:♦; :♦;:♦; *>; :♦::♦: :•♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;•••; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦>: •♦:*: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: ♦::♦: »: ♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ■♦;.*: :♦:■»■: :♦:,♦; '♦:;♦: '♦::♦; :♦::♦: ♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: .*:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦;»; »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ♦::♦: :♦::♦: '♦;*: *:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ♦::♦; ♦;:♦: ♦'!♦; :♦:.♦: ;♦:♦: m ;♦::♦: >:'♦; .■>..♦; ■>'.M .♦;.♦•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;.♦; >;.»: :♦::♦: '*:*■: .♦♦ l*.v !« •■ ;♦. '- :«>y :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•» :♦::♦, :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦. :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦:*: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: *::♦; :♦;••:' :♦;:♦: :♦::•♦■: :♦:.*: :♦;.♦" :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:.*: :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;■»; »"♦: :♦:•»: :♦."♦; :♦::♦: :♦;*; :♦::*: :♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: >:•»' >:;v: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:*: :♦'>■ :♦:«■ ;♦:>, >:.4. ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦: ♦ - :v > '? :♦:.♦: :♦:♦: :♦; ■-'' ♦.♦. ♦:♦; ♦::♦: :••:♦: >:>; :♦:>: >.» >:.♦: ■'■. ♦: ♦:*■ ♦:♦: •»>: ♦>^ :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦" :♦':♦; ;♦:>■ :♦:.♦: ;♦:♦; ;♦, » ;♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:«! ;♦::♦: :<(>: ;♦::♦: >::♦: >!:♦: Wi >>; >::♦: :♦"«■: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :*:>: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: >:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: >;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::'»: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::»: >:>: >;>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !*"♦: :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: >:>: >::♦: >::♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :«::«: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:% ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 229 ^^UaJ -i§l BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. >"♦:»: >::♦: ;♦;:♦: ^^ :«:>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦:>; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: !♦>: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; >;:♦; is(o tiJ -r^ ^"-i- «!»" tKffl ;.7.-.; (g 5j 'HOMAS ROSS, one of the oldest residents of Mt. Ayr, is a native of Jefferson County, Ohio, born July 4, 18 16, a son of Thomas and Susannah (Holland) Ross, his father a native of Delaware, and his mother of Maryland. The\- were married in Washington County, Pennsylvania, and subsequentlj- moved to Ohio, and when our subject was seven years old to Richland County, now Ashland, Ohio, where the mother died. In 1848 the father moved tvj Iowa, and lived in Mahaska County several years, moving thence to Ringgold County, where he died in 1862. Thomas Ross remained in Ashland County until nineteen years of age. He attended the district school in the winter, working on the farm in the summer, until eighteen years old, when he began teaching. He afterward attended school at Norwalk, Ohio, and then went to Huron, where he clerked in a store, and in 1838 came West as far as Jacksonville, Illinois, where he was employed on the engineer corps tlie following summer. He then taugiit in Sangamon Count}-, and in August, 1844, came to Iowa, and lived in Mahaska County eight years. In 1852 he went to Wapello County, and in 1859 removed to Ringgc:)ld County, locating in Mt. Ayr. He en- gaged in the dry-goods business until 1861, ;20 when he closed out his stock of goods, and assumed the duties of clerk of the courts, and ex-officio member of the Board of Supervisors. He held tliat office until 1870, when lie again embarked in the dry- goods business until 1877. He has held various local offices, among others being treasurer ol his township, assessor and justice of tlie peace, holding the latter office at the present time. He was married in Sangamon County, Illinois, in 1839, to Martha H. McMillan, a native of Scott County, Kentucky. They have had seven children, two sons and five daughters. Mr. Ross is a member of the Odd Fellows order. He and his wife are members of the Method- ist Episcopal church. ►^>!^5J>^r"«5:>: >::♦; >:>: >::♦: >:>: :♦::♦; 1 >:>: »: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :«::♦: >::♦: Wi >.:♦: ;♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦">; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: 'm. :«;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;« »:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦:»; !»:>: :♦::♦: :♦;* >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;* >::♦; >:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::«! :♦;;« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: !«:« .«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»"♦; >:»::*;*::c»>>>>>>j*:»>ro;»z«>:*:>:>:>;>;>;:c«::<»;:C'»"**;>::c*>;^ 230 HISTORY OF JIINGGOLD COUNTT. ^■■^,i■^i ■,i■^■■^i■^^t'4i■^i■srs■4t: 4i'^i■^i■^i■^^^^ :♦:•«! :♦::♦: !«>.:♦: >::« :♦::♦: >"♦; :♦.;♦: :♦::«) :♦"♦: :♦::« »>: :♦>: :♦::♦; 1 i I i| i :♦:;■« *:♦! :♦::•« i i i ^^'^ :♦::« :♦::« :♦;;« :♦■:* at the age of seventy years, the mother dying at the age of forty. Benjamin Rush, tlie great-grandfather of our subject, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Job Rush, the subject of this sketch, remained on the home farm until twenty -two years of age, and received his education in the common schools of his neighborhood. In 1857 he came to Ring- gold County, Iowa, and purchased eighty acres of land in what is now Monroe Town- ship. He erected good buildings on his land and engaged in raising hogs and cattle until he removed to Mt. Kyr. He was married in August, i860, to Miss Louisa J. McClain, a native of Coshocton County, Ohio, but at the time of her mar- riage living in Ringgold County. They have three daughters — Hattie A., wife of William Reasoner; Martha J., wife of Thomas Sloan, and Eunice H., at home. Mr. Rush was a soldier in the late war, en- listing in 1S64, in Company G, Fourth Iowa Infantry, as a veteran recruit, and was im- mediateh' sent to the front. He partici- pated with his regiment in the battles of Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain and others, and was engaged in skirmishing in and about Atlanta. He was with General Sherman on his march to the sea, thence to Washington City, where he witnessed the surrender of General Johnston's army, and took part in the grand review. He was discharged at Louisville, Kentucky, in July, 1865, being mustered out at Davenport, Iowa, when he returned to his farm in Monroe Township. He removed with his family to Mt. Ayr January i, 1886, and became associated with W. H. Rogers in the furniture business. Mr. Rogers having carried on tlie business for the three years previous. This hrm does a general business in furniture and imdertaking, under the style of Rogers iS: Rush. Mr. Rush, since coming to Ringgold County, has been a member of the Board of Supervisors, held the office of justice of the peace three years, was assessor one term, and for many years served as trustee and clerk of Mon- roe Township. POHN S. GLENDENNING, an enter- prising farmer living on section 22, Rice Township, was born in Rush County, Indiana, April 9, 1845. His par- ents, James and Elizabeth Glendenning, were natives of Ohio and Tennessee re- spectively. Thev were the parents of nine children — Mrs. Nancy J. Garrison, died in 1862, taught the first school in Middle Fork Township; William H., died in the army in 1862: Thomas Henr}-, living in Middle Fork Township ; Jeremiah J., died in the army ; James W., living in Middle Fork Township ; Sarah Bennett, living in Cali- fornia ; John S., the subject of this sketch ; Richard B., died in 1862, and David A., living in Middle Fork Township. Our subject was but a few weeks old wlien his parents removed with their family to Calloway County, .Missouri, and four)'ears later removed to Audrain County, of the same State. They subsequently located in Gentry Count)-, Missouri, and from there came to Ringgold County. Iowa, in 1859, being among the first settlers of Middle Fork Township. The father enlisted in the war of the Rebellion, in Company G, Fourth Iowa Infantry, and died in the ser vice of his country in 1862, at the age of forty-seven years. The mother survived till 1882, dying in Middle Fork Township, at the age of seventy -eight years. John S. Glendenning, our subject, has been identi- fied with Ringgold County since 1859, and always takes an active interest in all en- terprises for the advancement of its inter- ests. He has been twice married. His first marriage occurred April 22, 1869, with Miss Marietta E. Miller, a daughter of :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »!:« »::♦: :♦::« :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦ »!:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦>: »: :♦>: :♦::«; :♦::♦: »■::♦; »: :♦>: »::♦: :♦>: :♦>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :■»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :-^»: :«;♦: :♦::♦: »::« :«:♦: :«:« s»>; »::« :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦>; :«:♦. :♦::♦: ;♦::« »':♦: »::♦: W- :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:«> :♦;:« :♦;:« :♦:;« :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: !»"« »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:■»! :«:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. :♦>: »~« »r« !«:« :«:« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦>: »::« sk:« »::♦: :♦:;♦: »:;« »;>; :♦::« »::« ^« %;« »::« ;«;«! »:•♦: »::« :♦:■« ;♦;:« :♦::« i :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: »: :♦:;♦: »:<*-: :♦;:« :♦.>: :♦::♦; »:;« »"♦: :♦::♦: .%:« :♦:« :♦:'« :♦:;« »::« »"« :♦:;♦: :♦:;« >♦;;♦« :♦::♦. :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: .*"♦; P :♦:;♦; >♦;;♦* :♦;;♦: ?^^ !»:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; >:•♦•: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦! •>:!i James> A. Miller, of Clinton Township, Ringgold Count}'. Mrs. Glendenning died October i6, 1873, aged twenty-two years. Her only child, James A., died soon after- ward, aged twent3'-ninc da3S. November 6, 1873, Mr. Glendenning married for his second wife Miss Mary C. Shaffer, daugh- ter of Jeremiaii Shaffer, of Middle Fork Township, and to this union have been born six children — -Wesley H., Marietta F., Martha V., Luella, Flora M. and Grace. Mr. Glendenning has made farming the principal vocation of his life, in which lie has met with success, and besides his home farm, which contains 120 acres of choice land, he owns a tract of timber land in Worth County, Missouri. His farm in Rice Township was among the first im- proved farms in the township, and was the pioneer farm of Abraham McCullv, who died in the army. In politics Mr. (ilen- denning casts his suffrage with tiie I^epub- lican part}'. »r>»^''-^*^B»^«?-xtf^;:♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::« :♦:;« »~« »x« »::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: »::« »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: !»::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: »;;« »"« '*::«; :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦:;«! :♦::♦: »:;♦: »::♦: >;:« »:;♦: »!:♦: >:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 5»;»: !«:« »>: »::♦: »::♦: !»::♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :■»::♦: :♦:.*: >::♦: :■»::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >;:♦: ;♦::♦: :«::♦: !»;:♦; !♦::♦: !»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: W^ ♦♦ »::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; i^* ,♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: »>: :♦::♦: »>: :♦"♦; :♦!>: »::♦: >>: :♦!:♦: 5»>: :♦> :♦>: :♦>; :♦:♦: »:»; :♦:% :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: »!:♦: :♦>; »: !$*; '*:♦: :♦;:♦: »!:♦: »;:♦; »;;♦: »;:♦: :♦>; >::♦: »x« :♦>: :♦::♦: »::♦: »>: »::♦: *>< »>: *«* :♦::♦: »:« »::♦: »::♦: :«>:♦: »>: »'♦: !«:♦: :«:♦: »;:♦: »>: »!:♦: »•:♦: »!:♦: »::♦: »;:♦: »::♦: »>; !«:♦: »>: »-♦; »:♦; »;■*: ».♦: »;:♦; »:>: »-♦: :♦-♦: »>: »::♦: »;:♦: »::♦: »::♦: »;;♦: »:;♦: 232 HISTOnr OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. »>: »;:♦: cis H., Jennie C, George R., William C, Daniel H., Albert E. and Walter B. Mr. Pingree located in Buena Vista County, Iowa, in 1876, and in 1878 came to Ring- gold County and settled on his farm in Jefferson Township, where he has 120 acres of fine land, the Odd Fellows order. Mr. Pingree is a member of W. CRITCHFIELD, of the firm of Critchfield & Fry, dealers in agri- i'^ cultural implements, wagons, bug- gies, barb wire, etc., is a native of Ohio, born on a farm near Gambler, in Knox County, January 5, 1S38, a son of Nelson and Nancy (Cassil) Critchfield, who were both born in the year 1816, the father a native of Ohio, and the mother of Pennsyl- vania. They were the parents of four sons and three daughters, our subject being the eldest son. H2 passed his bo^'hood on the home farm, receiving the rudiments of an education in the common schools, and later attended the Millwood Academy, where hj prosijcuted his studies for two years He then entered the office of Dr. Bourne, of Gambler, Ohio, where he began reading medicine. He subsequently went to the. University at Ann Arbor, Michigan, for the purpose of attending a course of lectures ; but, after being there eighteen weeks, he was taken sick, which obliged him to return home. He, however, re- ceived a certificate from the medical de- partment of that institution. Mr. Critch- field was married in 1863 to Miss Maria Shrimplin, of Kno.K County, Ohio, and to this union have been born four children, two sons and two daughters. After his marriage Mr. Critclificld settled on a farm in his native county, and in the fall of 1870 removed with his family to Ringgold County, Iowa, locating on a farm in Union Township, where he engaged in farming and stock-raising. In 1877 he left his farm and settled in Mt. A)'r, where he kept the Currie House, for one year. He then bought what is known as the Dunning property, and converted it into a hotel, which he carried on some two years, when he engaged in his present business. This business was established in 1878 by W. P. Wood, who was succeeded by the firm of Critchfield & Shrimplin in 1882. In 1884 Mr. Shrimplin sold his interest to G. P. Oliver, the business being conducted under the firm name of Critchfield & Oliver until 1885, when Mr. Critchfield purchased Mr. Oliver's interest, conducting the business alone till January, 1886, when J. O. Fry became associated witli him, thus forming the present firm of Critchfield & Fry. Mr. Critchfield served as justice of the peace while living in Union Township. He has also been a member of the council and of the School Bjard in the town of Mt. Ayr, Iowa, and served as township trustee, fill- ing these positions to the entire satisfac- tion of his constituents. fRIEND COOK, one of Ringgold County's leading agriculturists, resid- ing on section 15, Rice Township, is a native of Herkimer County, New York, born Febiuar\- 12, 1846, a son of Friend and Emeline Cook. When he was six years old he was taken by his parents to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, where his youth was spent, he remaining in that county until he enlisted in tiie late war, March 3, 1864, as a mcmb3r of one of the gallant regiments of Pennsylvania. He joined the Army of the Potomac under General Grant. March 28, 1864, the regi- ment mustered 648 guns, and in May the campaign against Lee's army opened, and June 28, the regiment could only muster sixty-four guns, and one compan}' only *♦< :♦::« »: :♦>: :♦;:« :«:♦: !»!:♦: :♦>: ♦♦< :♦>; :♦>: :♦>■ :♦:;♦: • ♦ .♦. « :♦ ;♦ :♦; :♦. :•; :♦: .*; .♦,«;c* » ♦ ♦; ;♦:;♦: * ;♦; ;♦: :♦;* * *' :♦*;»' »: > • ♦.♦:.♦:;♦:.♦:,♦;.♦;.♦;,♦.:♦;.♦..♦. >«♦; *«♦ :«!:♦: »;;♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦;:* :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *«♦; :♦:♦: :♦:♦; :♦:♦; ^^ :♦:♦; »:♦; »!:♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦::« :<•:•«§ :♦::« :♦:;♦: 'ftHf. !♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦■ »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« »::« »::« :♦::« :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: .<»>: »;•:♦: :«:♦: »"♦: »!:♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: !»::♦: !«£»: :♦::♦>::♦::« ;♦;;♦;:♦;:♦;;« :♦»;:♦: >;:* »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦; »; :♦::♦: :♦:;* :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:•»; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:'♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: >;»: :<♦: :♦:!»: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :■»•:♦: :«::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: >;;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦:;♦: m :♦;>; :♦:♦; •»;■♦: ;♦::♦; I*;*; >;>; :♦;'♦; ;♦;:♦: ;♦;•»: :♦::«; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: ^^ :♦::♦: m :♦::♦: !♦"♦; :♦;:♦; >::♦: >:;♦: >:>! :♦::♦: >"♦; :♦::♦: r«::*: :♦:♦: :♦:■»: >'■»: :••::♦: :♦::♦:♦: :♦.;♦:* BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 233 three men. In June, 1865, he received an honorable discharge, when he returned to his father's home, remaining there till the foilowmg spring, when he came to Ringgold County, Iowa. In September, 1867, he returned to Pennsylvania for his bride, Miss Caroline Homer, a daughter of Josial) Homer of MercRr County. Mr. and Mrs. Cook have seven children living, all at home — Josiah, Burton, Edith, Friend, Clarence, Peace and Helen. Three chil- dren, named Alice, Jesse and Clara are deceased. On first coming to Ringgold County, in 1866, Mr. Cook settled in Grant Township where he improved a farm of 440 acres, which he sold in 1875. Two years later he located on his present farm in Rice Township which contains 500 acres, improved by Mr. Cook from a state of nature. His residence and farm build- ings are among the best in the neighbor- hood, and have been built by him since locating here. His farm is admirably adapted to stock-raising, and he is devot- ing his attention to that enterprise, and has at present about 120 head of cattle besides other stock. He is an active and progress- ive citizen, and stands high in the town- ship where he makes his home. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belong- ing to Mt. Ayr Lodge, No. 169. -«>- -=■«* fOHN MILLER, farmer and dealer in thorough-bred horses, section 2, Mon- roe Townsiiip, was born in County Armagh, Ireland, June 28, 1831, son of David and Elizabeth .Miller. He resided in his native country until he was twenty years of age, then came to America. He first located at Pittsburg, where he served an apprenticcshii) at blacksmithiiig for about three years. He tlien removed to Fulton County, Illinois, where he followed his trade two years, then removed to Mason County, where he engaged in farming and blacksmithiiig imtil 1873, when he came to Ringgold County and settled upon his present farm in Monroe Township. He purchased 280 acres of land, forty of which were broken. He has added to and im- proved it until he has 380 acres of one of the best-improved farms in the township. He has a good residence, an orchard of 300 bearing trees, a vineyard and small fruits. Mr. Miller is making a specialt}' of breed- ing and dealing in valuable draft horses. In his stables are to be seen several of these horses of Norman Clydesdale and Cleve- land Bays. He has spent much time and money i n obtaining his stock, and it will compare favorably with any in Southern Iowa. His farm adjoins Beaconsfield. He was married March 13, 1858, at Yates City, Illinois, to Ardelia Ames, and they have six children — Loring D., J. E., John R., Charles W., Almira and Mattie. Mr. Miller is a member of the Odd Fellows order, and is a member of the United Brethren in Christ church, and is a trustee of the same, l^oliti- cally he is a Republican. Postoffice, Bea- consfield. naaac;©-^*— ^S| ?<4-'>»®f®'5OT*» J} M. MILLER, farmer, section 23, , Clinton Township, was born in I'^ojjs*^] * Rockbridge County, Virginia, February 2, 182 1, son of Henry and Cath- arine Miller. He was reared on a farm and received his education in the common schools of his county. Jie was married August 26, 1846, to Miss Mary McKerny, also of Rockbridge County, born in 1820, daughter of John McKerny. Mrs. Miller died July 17, 1848, and March 13, 1855, Mr. Miller was married to Miss M. J. Knight, a native of Amhurst County, Vir- ginia, born January ir, 1835, daughter of Matthew and Sophia (Hill) Knight. He resided in Rockbridge County until April ;♦::♦:♦,:♦; :♦;* :♦:;■•! ;♦::* :♦::••; »: ;♦;;« :♦;:♦: »: :♦"♦: >:>: >::«! :♦::♦: :♦:;«! :♦"♦: >:>: 'MM MHi :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦! >~< >;;♦: »: >::♦: >;;♦: 'M'M :♦::* ■*:«i >::« >:>: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;»; ;♦;;♦: :♦:•»; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦>; :♦:•* :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦:;*• :«'::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::*■ :♦:;♦: >.:♦: :*;« ;♦:;«> >:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: >.;« :♦;:* :♦;:■«! :♦:;«: • :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::* »::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :«;;♦: :*•::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: ;♦::« :♦::* :♦::« :♦::«! :♦:>: :♦::«! :♦:;« :♦:;« :♦::* »: :♦:;« MM MM M.M m:m M.M MM MM MM MM ;♦:« :<»:>:>:;c»::ccccc*>>»ro::«*:::*::**:*"*"*;>" ;♦:>' ;«:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >>: :♦"♦: *■♦; ♦* :♦:♦; :♦>: •♦h« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::■« :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦! >::♦: :♦::« :♦:;•« :♦:;♦: :♦:>: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::■»: :«"♦: :♦::« :♦:■« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: 3i!»: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦>: »::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: »::« :♦>: >::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: »>: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >» :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; •dw. :♦::♦: >:;♦: »>: :♦::♦: :♦::« >::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :«:♦: :♦:>: :♦::« ;♦::♦; »::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦;;♦: »;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦; , :♦::♦:.♦" ■*;:»>: 234 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. 29, 1859, when with his wife and two chil- dren, he started for Ringgold County, and arrived here June 23. He first located on section 23, southeast quarter, where he re- sided until 1864. when he settled upon his present farm which was partially improved. The farm consists of 170 acres of choice land, located one mile south of Redding. He has a comfortable house, out-buildings for stock, orchard of 200 trees and small fruit, and everything about betokens the thrifty farmer. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are the parents of eight children — Fanny D., Elmira V., now Mrs. J. M. Crouch; Sophia H., Valeria, Bird H., Eliza, Ella and Etta. Two are deceased — Betty T., the oldest, died at the age of nine years, and Blanche died in infancy. Mr. Miller has served in most of the township ofifices — township clerk, trustee, assessor and jus- tice of the peace. As a justice he is sec- ond to none in the county. He is a worthy and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and politically was for- merly an old-line Whig but is now a Re- publican. He has given his children excellent educational advantages, and three of his daughters are fitted for teachers. By his upright, life and genial manners he has made many friends, and is considered one of Clinton Township's best citizens. Postoffice, Redding. ••Wo- -<%^- -c«* [HARLES K. GRIMES, one of the early settlers of Ringgold County, is a native of Fountain County, Indiana, born in February, 1831, a son of Andrew and Phraney (Myers) Grimes, natives of Nortli Carolina, where they were reared, and after their marriage moved to Indiana. Our subject remained at home until man- hood, working on the farm in the summer, and in the winter attending the district school. The summer after reaching his majority he worked four months, at $12 a month, and the following September was married to Harriet Ballard, of Montgom- ery County, Indiana, but a native of Ohio. After his marriage he lived on a farm in Indiana until the fall of 1855, when he moved to Marion County, Iowa, and thence to Ringgold County, in May, 1858, locating on the southwest corner of section 7, Ting- ley Township. His first house was a little frame building, 14x16 feet in size. He first bought 170 acres, 160 being prairie and ten acres being timber. He then en- tered eighty acres from the Government, and the next winter bought another tract of 157 acres. He has improved his land, and now has one of the finest farms in the county. While living in his first house eleven families made their home, at differ- ent times, with him until they could locate their land and get a house built. His house was always open to the entertainment of strangers, and as settlers were few, he was always glad to receive those who came with the intention of settling. He also had frequent visits from the Indians, being near their trail from the Southwest to Iowa City, where they made yearly trips to draw their money. The despised colored man always found him ready to give aid when he was a refugee fleeing from slavery and the South to Canada and freedom ; at one time he had six secreted under hay-shocks through the da^^ till he could get a favorable chance to send them on rejoicing. He was the first man to introduce slieep into his township, and that at a time when the prairie wolves were troublesome, but by vigilant watching he was successful. He was the first postmaster appointed in his part of the county, and held the posi- tion twelve years. A part of this time he carried the mail from Eugene to Mt. Ayr in a sack on his back, making the trip on foot through mud and high water. He >::»:;c«<«*x*x«<«cc*:>;:ccc*:>:>;:c*>;>:;»:>;»:>;:c^^^ :♦::* »1 :♦>: :V.:*: :♦;:♦: :♦>: ;♦<;♦; ♦♦ :♦>: :♦::♦: »>: m %^ »:« »:♦: !••:♦; »::♦: :♦>: :♦>: :♦::♦: »::« :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: »>: Wif. »:»: »;:♦; »% »>: »>: »:»: »::♦; :♦:»; »$:♦; »>; {«:« »!♦: »:% !«:♦: »>: »::♦: »>: »::♦: »x« »"« »"♦: »::« »::♦: »"♦: »"♦: »>: :♦>: »"« »::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦::♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !•::♦; >::« ♦•^ :♦:♦! ;♦>! :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::* :♦>; *^-^ :♦:♦ :♦::•« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦':« :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦:% :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :*:♦: :♦;;♦: 'MM :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: >::♦: :♦:;« :♦::« :♦::•« :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:»; :♦:% :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;« »::« »:'« »::•« :♦::♦: »::« :♦::« :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::« »::♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 3S5 :«::♦: »::« :♦::♦: !»::« :♦::« »::« :♦::« »:;« :♦:;♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: >"♦: :«:« »;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »>: »:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: •»: was the founder of Eugene, laying it off and platting it in 1857. He and Edgar Sheldon are the only ones of the first set- tlers now living in Tingley Township. When he commenced life in Indiana he was a poor man. After clearing eighteen acres of heavil3'-timbered land he con- cluded to sell out and move to a country where the land was already cleared, and, accordingly, located in Iowa. By industry and energy he has acquired a good home for his old age, and by a life of i; ;♦>; :♦::♦: :*:♦; »>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦;>: :♦;:♦; fA :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ?•;;♦; :♦;♦: !»;!♦: »!:♦: >::♦: k* !♦::♦: »::♦: »:;« »: !♦::♦: »; !♦::♦: ■(♦::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦; <♦;;♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦; "m. »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '<♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :«.:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«»: »;:♦: :♦::•: :♦::♦; !•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:>: »:;'»: *;« :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦. • »::♦; >::«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::<»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦; !»::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:■« :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: •**■ 236 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:<»: :♦:»: ;♦:.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: >:.^: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »::♦: Wi .♦::♦: :♦:!»: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:.♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »; :♦:»: ;*;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:.«: ;♦::♦; *;:♦: :♦:•»: :♦:;♦: *;♦; .♦::♦: *J^ >:.« !»:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;*;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;•! :♦"♦: ;**; :♦::♦: :♦;>: >::♦: :♦;>: :♦;>; >*->■■ then in its primitive condition. His farm now contains 400 acres and is considered one of the best farms in Benton Township. It is one of the best-watered farms in the county, and is well-adapted to stock-rais- ing. He has a good story-and-a-half resi- dence, well furnished and surrounded with shade trees, native groves, a fine orchard, stock scales, and everything about the place is in a prosperous condition. Mr. and Mrs. Beamer are the parents of three chil- dren — Elva Dora, Lena D. and Luella Belle. Mr. Beamer has held the office of assessor two terms. He is a member of the Masonic order, Lodge 156, and politi- cally is a Republican. Postofifice, Clear- field, Taylor County. -o-<3-t ^^i^^E>— >- |p|EONARD O. LMUS, an early settler nji and enterprising farmer of Liberty ■^r Township, Ringgold County, was born in the State of Michigan, October 3, 1849, the sixth in a family of thirteen chil- dren of Horatio and Mary (Dolbier) Imus, who were both born in New York State. The parents settled with their family in Stark County, Illinois, and in 1854 started for Ringgold County, Iowa, and while on their way the father was drowned in Mar- ion County. The mother is still living at the advanced age of seventy-two years, making her home in Mt. Ayr. Our subject was a boy of six years when he was brought to this county, and here he was reared and educated in the district schools, finishing his education in the Mt. Ayr school. He prepared himself for a teacher, but changed his mind and engaged in farming, and raising cattle and hogs. He formed a partnership with C. W. Dake, then treasurer of Ringgold County, and together they spent $1,000 on thorough-bred short-horn cattle. They continued the business together for four years when the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Imus settled on the farm. He was soon after married to Miss Jennie Smith, of Mt. Ayr, a daughter of John and Caroline Smith, her father dying when she was a child of eight years. Her mother still lives at the advanced age of eighty years. To Mr. and Mrs. Imus have been born four children — Elsie, Day, Ag- nes and a son. Smith, who died in infancy. After his marriage Mr. Imus settled on his present farm, which contains eighty acres of land, mostly meadow and pasture land. He also has eighty acres in another section of the same township. He is still dealing in blooded stock, and has at pres- ent on his farm, a fine herd of thirty head. Mr. Imus has held the office of justice of the peace for three terms, and has served as secretary of the School Board for eleven years. In politics he is a Republican, cast- ing his first vote for President Grant. Both Mr. and Mrs. Imus are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He has acted as superintendent of the Sunday- school for one year. -i>!^i^^f<5*f— ■ ILLIAM H. LAYTON, a promi- nent and successful farmer of Lib- erty Township, is a native of Indiana, born in Tippecanoe County, Feb- ruary 18, 1830, and is of English and Irish descent. His parents, John and Mary (Russell) Layton, were natives of Virginia and Kentucky respectively. They were married in the State of Ohio, and in 1829 settled in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, where they spent the rest of their days. The father's death occurred in 188 1, at the advanced age of eighty-six years, and the mother died in May, 1886, in her eighty- fifth year. Their ancestors were noted for their longevity. They were the parents of thirteen children, eight of whom grew to >::♦: :♦>::♦::♦: >;;♦>"♦; :♦:>: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦; >"♦; !*;*i :♦::« :♦::* *i^ :♦!:♦; :♦::♦: VM :♦;:♦; *?^ :♦:>: *i^ :♦::♦] :♦::« >::♦) :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ^S ;♦:;« W^ :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::«; :♦::«; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦ >::♦! :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: Wi :♦.* :♦::« :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::•« :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::«! :♦;:•« :♦;;•« :♦;•« ;♦::« :♦::•« :♦::♦: :*::^ :♦;♦ :«:« :♦::♦; :♦::* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:« :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦"♦!;♦;;♦; :♦:»:;« r .x- ■%► ^ s >:*:*-*'>>'»"ccr«c*rccc«*»rc*>::*::cco:>:>::c«c^^^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 241 :«;« »;.« ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦:;« :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *"«• :♦■:•♦• :♦"♦: :♦"♦: >:•»: >::♦: :«::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: Wi ?••:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•: :♦:;«: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: Wi .♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦;:'•; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;* >"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦:;♦; :♦:* :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; »"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:•»: ;♦;:♦: >:;♦: :♦:>: ;♦"♦: :♦;>: maturity, all being now deceased but three. William H. Layton was the fifth child in his father's family. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, his father following that pursuit, and during his boyhood he attended the schools of his neighborhood at such times as his services were not re- quired on the farm. He was married at the age of twenty-one years to Miss Eliza- beth Creek, of Tippecanoe County, Indi- ana, whom he had known from childhood. Mr. and Mrs. Layton have eight children — Abel M., Margaret E., wife of William French : Mary R., a widow ; Sarah Jane, wife of C. W. Schoch ; Lydia M., married J. Sievens; George P., William R. and Etta. After his marriage iMr. Layton rented a farm in his native county-, where he lived until 1854. He then removed with his family to Marion County, Iowa, and during the same fall he came to Ringgold County and entered eightv acres of land from the Government, on which he imme- diately built a small log house, 16 x 16 feet, and commenced breaking his land, remov- ing his family to this farm in the spring of 1856. Mr. Layton began life entirely with- out means, and his great success is due to his own efforts, aided by his estimable wife, he having by his persevering industry and good management added to his real estate till he owns at present nearly 1,000 acres of choice land, the most of which is under cultivation, and pasture land. He began life as a general farmer, but as his means increased he engaged in stock-raising and feeding, and is now handling thorough-bred short-horn cattle, having at present 200 head, including graded cattle, besides which he has some fine specimens of Canadian draught horses. Mr. Layton served two terms as trustee of East Fork Township, before it was divided. He was elected justice of the peace of East Fork Town- ship, but refused to qualify. He and his wife are members o( the United Brethren church. He was for a number of years a member of the West Des Moines Confer- ence. Mr. Layton is and has been for years an uncompromising prohibitionist, always voting as he talks. He has also been for years opposed to all secret societies. He is a man of very strong convictions on all subjects, and is generally well informed. He is a strong, logical reasoner, and al- though he is decided in e.xpressing his opinions, both in public and private, always treats his opponents with fairness and courtesy. As one of the representative men of Ringgold County, we take pleasure in presenting the portrait of Mr. Layton to our readers. ,^^EORGE W. MORRISON, engaged *^ in blacksmithing in the village of Goshen, and also proprietor of the Goshen House, is a native of Huntington County, Pennsylvania, born February 18, 1845, a son of J. H. and Elizabeth Morri- son, who were natives of the same State. Our subject served three years and nine months in the defense of his country, en- listing September 30, 1861, in Company G, Thirtieth Illinois Infantry. He partici- pated in the battles of Fort Donelson, Champion Hill, siege of Vicksburg, siege of Atlanta, Sherman's .March to the Sea and through the Carolinas, and partici- pated in the grand review at Washington, D. C, at the close of the war, besides others of minor importance. He was mus- tered out at Louisville, Kcntuck}', July 15, 1865, receiving his discharge at Springfield, Illinois, July 28, 1865. Mr. Morrison was reared to agricidtural pursuits, but after returning from the war, he began working at the blacksmith's trade. He was mar- ried October 14, 1869, to Nancy M. Will- iams, who was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, March 6, 1846, her parents, :♦:;♦: :♦:>; :♦:;•! :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦; >;;«£ >:^. :♦:>: :♦:>: >:>: :♦::♦: >::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»;:♦; >:!«': :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: >::♦: ;♦;:♦; >;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:■♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:* :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :«:4>: :♦;:♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::'*'. :♦;:♦; :«::«! :♦::« :♦::« :♦::'*> :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;« :♦"« :♦:>: :♦:« :♦;:♦! >::« :♦::« :♦;;«< :♦::« :♦::« :♦:;« :♦::•♦! v:m :♦::«! :♦::« :♦::« :♦::«>• ■*:♦: :♦::« :«::« I*::* :♦;:« ;♦::♦: >;:*->:>:>::*>::c*:*::*:c*"c**:c*"cc**"*>>:»:.*>::c^^^ »::♦: II 242 »;:♦: »"♦: »>: »>: »>: »:;♦: »x« »rM mm »::♦: »>: Hera w:: »:.« »>: »>: »r« »:;♦: »::♦: !»r« li »::« »::♦: »>: »::« »::« K* »::♦: »>; »::♦! !»::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:;« :♦::« i»r« :♦::♦: »::« $»::♦: »:»: !»::♦: ;♦>: ;♦::♦: !»:;« »:;« »::♦: »"♦: »:»: *::♦: :«« »:;♦: >::« :♦::♦: :♦:»: ;*;•« ♦;;♦ !♦;:♦! (♦>: :♦::♦: >::♦: (»::♦: :♦::♦: !»:;♦: >::♦: ;♦>: ic*: HISTORr OF RIXGGOLD COUNTT. Stephen B. and Mary J. Williams, also be- ing natives of Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Morrison have been born four children, of whom three are living — M. J., born June 25, 1872; Ira G., born May 9, 1877, and Amy B., born September 29, 1879. Their eldest child died in infancy. Mr. Morrison came to Ringgold County, Iowa, April 5, 1875, and during his residence here has established a good trade, and be- come one of the respected citizens of Goshen. He is a strong temperance ad- vocate, and both he and his wife belong to the Independent Order of Good Templars. In tiieir religious faith they are Presbyte- rians. In politics Mr. Morrison is a Pro- hibitionist. He is a comrade of James Conley Post, No. 285, G. A. R., at Goshen. ■•I*>- -=44* |OBERT WATSON, a prominent agri- culturist of Rice Township, residing on section iS, is a native of Eng- land, born in Durham County, March 24, 1834, a son of John and Isabella Wat- son, the mother dying when he was two years old, and the father when he vi^as eight years of age. Being left an orphan so young he was early inured to a life of toil, and from the age of eleven years he has cared for himself. He found employ- ment as a farm hand in his native country till 1858, when he immigrated to America, landing at New York in March of that year. He then proceeded to Canada and about six years lived in the province of Ontario, where he was married to Miss Sarah Ann IJryans, a daughter of John Bryans. Mrs. Watson was born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, in 1841, but from her childhood was reared in Canada. To Mr. and Mrs. Watson have been born seven children, of whom six are yet living — Mrs. Margaret Blunck ; John, Lavins, Oscar, Jane and Cma. Their sixth cliihl : »::« »::♦: »::♦: »>: »::♦: »;:♦: »:»: »:»: »:»: »::♦:. »>: »::« »:;♦: »:»: »:% »>: ;«:« ?m »r« »::« »"« !«:♦: »x« »: »:;♦: »::♦: »::♦: »:.♦: »:»: »::♦; »»: »::♦: »;:♦: !••:♦: »x« »::♦: k:« !»::« !»::♦: »::♦: »::♦: ;♦"♦: s»>: »::♦: !»::♦: !»::♦: »"♦: »:!♦: S-* K^ S»:»: k*: P h »::♦: !»::♦: !»::♦: £»::♦: :♦;•»: :♦;;♦: <»;.♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >">::♦; »>:>"♦: :♦::♦;:♦;*; :♦:;♦; >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦.:♦; !»;;♦: m m :*:♦; ■dx :♦::« *'♦< :♦.:« >::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »>: :♦;;« ^"♦^ :♦::♦; :♦::♦: k« »>! »::« :♦:>: <♦::•« :♦;:♦; »:« »!:« »:;♦: :♦"♦: »;♦: >::♦: 1 »::« :♦::« :♦::•« <♦:••{ »::« :♦;:-« :♦::« »::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::••! »::« [♦:;« >:»: »::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: »;;♦: mm »::« »::« »::« »:;« »:;♦: »;.♦: :♦::♦; »:»: »::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: »::♦; :♦::♦;:♦::♦:: :«!««:«:c«:c«:«i::♦: »: :♦;:« :♦:>; >;:♦: :♦::♦: :*;:«S :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >;;<»: ♦:> !♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::« :♦::* :♦::♦: »;:♦: »!»: :♦:>: :♦::♦: »::« :♦::♦{ >;;♦; :♦;:♦: ^;*< »:♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:>: wd :■»>: *;?« :♦>. :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: (♦;* :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::« »::♦: 5»::« »::« :♦:;♦: :♦;*• :••:!♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »>: :«:♦: »::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦; !»::♦: »:»: :♦::« :«:« :♦::♦: >;;♦; !»::♦. !»::♦: »::♦; »::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: ;«;:♦: :♦::« :♦-« »x« :♦!!« »::« :♦::« !»::♦: WW ;♦::♦: :♦:;•« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: '♦■ ♦ ♦ ♦: .♦-♦.«-■»: 344 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. *;:*:»-**v*v'*"*"*>>>"*>"*:*':*':cc*::*"*;:*>::c*:c«>>>;.*:»"cc*;:*::* :♦.;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »!:« :♦;:♦: »::« :♦;:♦: :♦:♦; ♦* :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >"♦; :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦::'« >:>: :♦"'«; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: W-, :«:♦: :♦:;« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: 'iCff. :♦::♦; :♦;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: !♦:■* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;!♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::'« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:«> :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;•♦; chase until he owns 582 acres, a large por- tion being rich bottom land. He erected his present residence in 1874. He is en- gaged in stock-raising and feeding — cattle, horses, sheep and swine. He has served as justice of the peace twenty years, and has dispensed justice worth y of a judge of the higher court. He has served as county supervisor two terms, took the State cen- sus of Clinton Township in 1S75, and the United States census of Middle Fork and Clinton Townships in 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are the parents of fifteen children — John W., Nancy Catherine, James H., Horace M., Alexander T., Sarah Jane, Lumina B., Charles T., Signora A., Nathan R., Lena D., Hugh W., Cora Susan and Angeline Mabel. Marietta E., wife of John S. Glendenning, died at the age of twenty- three. Mr. Miller is a member of the Anti- Horse-Thief Association. He always takes an active interest in educational and relig- ious matters, and contributes liberally to all worthy enterprises. He is one of the best citizens of Ringgold County. Politi- cally he is a Republican. Postofifice, Red- ding. - i'!3!»:2^^"'ff«f-' fOHN STEVENSON, one of the old settlers of Ringgold County, residing on section I2, Jefferson Township, was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, April 4, 18 1 7, a son of James Stevenson, a native of County Down, Ireland, who came to the United States when a young man. Our subject received his education in the rude log-cabin subscription schools of that early day. He was married June 13, 1839, to Miss Margaret Henderson, a daughter of Andrew Henderson, and of the si.\ chil- dren born to this union, tlirce are living — Andrew, Thomas and Lana. Mrs. Steven- son died February 11, 1864, and Mr. Stev- enson was again married April 17, 1866, to Miss Rebecca Bingaman, a daughter of the >:*;:*::*:»:>::*::*::cc*,:«:*.:«:*»;:*;:*"**"c*;cccc*:c«»..'«»>>"« late John Bingaman. By his last marriage Mr. Stevenson had two children who are both deceased. Mr. Stevenson came to Ringgold Count)', Iowa, in 1868, and set- tled on the place where he now resides, which is known as the Beaver Farm, his home farm in Jefferson Township contain- '"? 1>77 acres, besides which, he owns eighty acres of land located in Union County, Iowa. Mr. Stevenson is a mem- ber of the United Presbj'terian church. fl. NEWTON, farmer, section 30, Ben- ton Township, was born in Warren ® County, New Jersey, July 24, 1827, son of Isaac Newton and Susan (Black- well) Newton, also natives of New Jerse}'. They reared a family of nine children, of wiiom our subject was the second, and the eldest son. His early life was spent princi- pally in town, his father being a mechanic, and his education was obtamed in his na- tive hamlet. When nearly grown he en- gaged in boating on the Morris and Lehigh canal, from Jersey City to Eaton, Pennsyl- vania, which occupation he followed several years. He then engaged in an apple distillery. He was married at the age of twenty-six, to Miss Elizabeth G. Batley, a native of New Jersey. After his marriage he engaged in farming, and in 1859 came to Ringgold County, and located upon his present farm in Benton Township. It was then in its primitive condition with the ex- ception of ten acres which had been broken, and a rude log cabin had been built. In 1854 he removed to Mormontown, where he operated a steam saw and grist mill for eighteen months, then returned to his farm, and one year later sold out and purchased a half interest in the Dryden farm. He lived here a year and a half, then traded for the old home farm again. He owns 380 acres of excellent land, well-cultivated and :c*;;«:cc*>>>>~c*>;:*:.>;»:»;:*^*;:*:>::c*;;ccc*:cc*rc*^^^ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »: >:;« :♦"♦: :♦:.« »: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦;.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦:;»: :♦::« >::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: W: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>; W-, :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :c«: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: »; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:•»: :♦"♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦;;♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: >:.♦: :♦:;♦: i*^ ;♦:.♦; :c* :♦:•»■; :♦:>: W: :♦:.>: :♦:;♦: :♦:■♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; '^. '^ :♦:;« >:>; >;>; >;>; »: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; W: ;♦>♦ :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >:.♦: . .♦•* :♦:>:•»: »::♦: ♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >»::♦: »::♦: »::♦: !♦::« :♦::♦; »::♦: <»"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :«::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: *;♦; :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦: :♦:;♦: (••;:♦: »::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »:»: :♦:<»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦:;♦: <»:;♦: »::«: :♦;:♦: »"♦: :♦:'♦: »::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: !»"<»: Kf- :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ?;* .♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: !♦;:♦; :■»:•♦•: :♦:;♦. »: :♦"♦: >"♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;»: >::♦: :♦:;»: :♦;>; >::♦; !»::♦; >:;♦: »::♦: »:;« ;♦::♦; :♦"«• ;♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦; :•;:* !»r*; :♦;•♦: »::♦: ■*;♦; :♦:;♦: !»;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 345 well-improved, and it is one of the best stock farms in Benton Township. He has a com- fortable house, out-buildings for stock, and one of the best orchards in Southern Iowa, consisting of three acres, and small fruits. He is engaged in general farming, stock- raising and feedmg. Mr. and Mrs. Newton are the parents of eight children— George R., Isaac J., James C, Monroe A., Minerva J., Lillie D., Fannv L. and Addie. In poli- tics Mr. Newton is a Republican. He has served as justice of the peace seven years, township clerk two years, and assessor one year. He is a member ofLodge No. 273, I. O. O. F., Pleasant Valley. The Newton family have been residents of New Jersey for six generations. .,«3^,f^^5>^ l^iARVEV WAUGH, farmer, section 29, Middle Fork Township, is one of the early pioneers of Ringgold County, havinsf been identified with its interests for more than thirty-one years. He is a native of Sugar Creek, Montgomery County, In- diana, where he was born April 10, 1834. His parents were Milo and Elizal)eth (Kions) Waugh, the former a native of Ross County, Ohio, and the latter of Fayette County, same State. They reared a famil)' of ten children — Martha, Joseph, Harvey, Milton B., Margaret, Maletious A., Mary Jane, Melissa, William and Alice. Harvey was reared on a farm and obtained his edu- cation in the common schools of that day. At the age of fifteen years he made a full hand working on the railroad. August 7, 1853, he was united in marriage with Miss Nanc)- Bishop, who was born in Fountain County, Indiana, and daughter of John R. and Susan (Dunbar) Bishop, who were na- tives of Pennsylvania, and married in Ohio. They were the parents of three children — Elizabeth, Nancy and John R. October 3, 1854, Mr. Waugh, with wife and one child, started for Iowa, leaving the family in Mc- Donough County, Illinois, for a time; he came on horseback to find a location for the winter, and decided upon Lucas County. In November, 1854, he entered 147 acres of land in Ringgold County, purchasing the claim of M. R. Brown, the first clerk of the county. The following spring he settled with his family in his new home. There was a log house on the place, 14 x 16 feet, with puncheon floor, clapboard roof, stick chimney, and four acres under cultivation. He remained here one year, then removed one-half mile east, where he had entered more land and built another log house. Here he remained twelve ydars, and then removed to his present Home. Their hewed-log house they first (iccupied still stands in the yard as a relic of pioneer days. During the first year Mr. Waugh took an active part in what was known as the Indian war. In 1861 a company was organized as State Home Guards, and Mr. Waugh was elected First Lieutenant. He held the position creditably two years, and then resigned. Since 1854 he has added to his farm from time to time until the Waugh farm contains 1,300 acres of land, in a good state of cultivation and well improved. He has a fine two-storv residence, built in modern style, and well furnished, a good orchard of large and small fruits, and a commodious barn, 40 x 40 feet. He is en- gaged principally in stock-raising and feed- ing. Mr. and Mrs. Waugh have seven children living — Sarah Alice, James H., Martha Elizabeth, Mary Susan, Charles M., Flora Belle and M. Willard. Lewis B., the first born of the family, was born in In- diana, and died at the age of twenty-eight years, leaving a wife and three children — Minnie M., Clyde and Bert M. Mr. Waugh has served as justice of the peace, township trustee, member of the School Board, and treasurer of the Methodist Episcopal church organization. He belongs to the tf:fe. w.v. ♦::♦; '♦;:«v'«»\v.%;«:«;«:«'«"C'c;'C;«;«:«:«:«.:«:4;:4;:: »"« »::♦: :♦;'<»: !»::♦: :«::♦: »::♦: »::« »>: »:;♦: »:;♦: »::♦: »;;♦: »::♦: »:;« .%;« »::♦: »:;« »:;♦: :♦::♦: (** »::♦: »:;♦: !»::♦: »;;♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ^ :♦"♦: >:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: !»:'« :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :«:♦: >"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; >::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; >:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; '♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: <♦;:♦: >"« >::♦: :♦::♦: »;»: :♦;■•! :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :■»"♦: !»::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:;♦; >:;♦: >:»: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: •♦::♦; :♦::♦: **« ;♦:>;:♦. >::♦: :♦::♦: :«:« :♦:;♦: »::« :♦:»: :♦::♦: :«:« :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« »::♦: »::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦::« :«;« :♦:;« 'f^i »:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« »::♦: :♦:;« :♦::« :♦::« ;♦"♦: :♦>: ^ ;♦::« :♦:« :♦::« :♦:.♦: :♦::•« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.% :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: >:.♦: :♦:!♦: :♦>: :♦:>: :♦>: :♦>: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦:!♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« ^►;;* :♦::♦: *;;*! :♦:♦! k« :♦:!♦: ;♦::•« :♦::<« :♦:;♦: *;;'^ :♦:;« ;♦::♦: ♦:;♦: '♦:« »::« :♦::♦: :♦;:•« :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;•*: !♦;:♦: ■ ^M !»:■♦: 346 HISTOnr OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. Masonic order. Mount Ayr Lodge, No. 179. He has always taken an active interest in any enterprise pertaining to religion or education. In 1875 he was appointed post- master at Clipper. Politically he is a Re- publican. Postoffice, Clipper. ILAS TEDROW, farmer, Athens Township, is among the oldest and most worthy pioneers of the township. He was born in Somerset County, Penn- sylvania, February 22, 1827, son of Joseph and Barbara (Geist) Tedrow, who were the parents of five children — Silas, Aaron, Susan, Joseph, and Freeman. His early life was spent in assisting on the farm and receiving his education from the common schools. When eleven years of age his parents removed to Athens Count)', Ohio. Arriving at the age of manhood, he was united in marriage, October 15, 1846, with Miss Hannah Brownald, born in Genesee County, New York. Her parents died when she was quite young, and she was taken to Ohio, where she was reared to maturity. In the fall of 1854 Mr. Tedrow, with wife and three children, removed to Iowa, coming by team. They were twenty- seven days on the road. The first winter was spent in Jones County, and May 10, 1855, he entered 120 acres of Government land in Athens Township, which was the first prairie Government land entered in the township. His first house was a log cabin, 12 X 14. The second house was of hewed logs. Boards were not to be obtained in the county. He went eighty miles to mill, and salt was sold at seven cents per pound. Mt. Ayr was unknown. Mr. Tedrow has made improvements upon his farm as fast as his means would permit until it is in its present condition. It contains 490 acres of as good land as can be found in Athens Township. He has a good one-and-a-half- story residence, with modern improve- ments and well furnished ; also a commo- dious barn, frame shed with shingled roof, loft for ha}-, 12. \- 112. He has an orchard of five acres, containing thirty-five varie- ties of apples, and a native grove of maples. He is engaged in stock-raising and feeding. He has a large pond stocked with fish, and a h3-drant for the same. He also has a large amount of Osage orange and willow hedges. Mr. and Mrs. Tedrow have seven children — Jane, J. W., Susan H., Lucy Serena, Rose, Wilbur and Grant. The de- ceased are Hattie, Joseph, Sarah Ann and Millard. Politically Mr. Tedrow is a Re- publican. He assisted in the organization of his township, and through his influence it was called Athens. He has served as count}' supervisor, township clerk, justice of the peace and township trustee. He has been a worthy and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church since 1852, and has served as class-leader and steward. By fair and honest dealing he has won the confidence and respect of all who know him. Postoffice, Kellerton. -o-cg.. fSAIAH OGIER, farmer, section 9, Mon- roe Township, was born in Guernsey .^ County, Ohio, February 10, 1833, son of James and Mary Ogier. When he was nine years of age his parents moved to Jackson Count}', and later to Vinton County, where Mr. Ogier passed his early life on a farm and in attending the subscrip- tion schools, taught in log school-houses. He was married October 19, 1854, to Miss Emeline Nixon. In 1861 he removed to Louisa County, Iowa, where he resided ten years; then came to Ringgold County and settled upon his present farm in Mon- roe Township, it was then in its primitive state ; but he has since improved it until he has brought it to its present condition. :♦:»: :♦::•« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:'« :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:« :♦:»: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: .<»::« ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: Wi »:;♦: »:;♦: »::« :♦::♦: »:'« :♦::♦: »:!« »::♦: ;»::♦: »;:♦: »:;♦: »::« &::♦: *::♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: »:'♦: Wi Wi r* :♦"♦: Wi N^ r* Wi s^ W- Wi K'!»: Wi Wi Wi »::♦ >::♦: ;♦::♦: ^* ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ♦;■» !♦::♦: :■>:<»: !»:>: :♦::♦! :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦:•»!'♦■ >::♦::♦;: *i^ >:* ;♦;:♦! *i^ V.'M >:>; :♦:>; >::•« :♦::■« IS IS :♦::•« i I :♦::« l| :♦::■« ;♦-«! :♦::« :♦:;•« :«:« ■Mi »;;^ :♦:;•« :♦::•« >::•« :♦::« :♦::* :♦::« >:;'•■: :♦::« »::« :♦:;« :♦>: :♦*' :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::•« :♦;:« :♦;;♦; :«:4 ;♦:-« ;♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::« :♦::•« :«:« :«;« :«;•« :♦::« :«% :♦:.« :«!« Hm :«;« :«;« :♦::« :♦::« :♦:*■ :♦::♦: >:♦: ;<■::♦,:♦: ».%'!>■:: BIOGRAPIllCAL SKETCHES. 347 His (arm contains i6o acres of land, a good residence, surrounded with native grove, and a fine orchard. He is engaged in farming and stoclc-raising. Mr. and Mrs. Ogier have had eight children, seven liv- ing—James A., H. S., Elizabeth E. Ham- mond, Mar}' Woodruff, Josephine, William C. and Almon P. Eva died at the age of two years and two months. They have given their children good educational ad- vantages, and they are well fitted to take a good position in society. Josephine and William C. arc teachers. Mr. Ogier has served as township trustee, townshi]i treas- urerand township assessor. He has always taken an active interest in anvthing per- taining to tlie advancement of education and religion. Politically he is an inde- jH'ndent Republican and a strong Prohibi- tionist. He is classed among the leading citizens of Ringgold County. Postoffice, Beaconsfield. IHARLES F. DILLE, one of the lead- agriculturists of Washington Township, residing on section 31, lo- cated in Ringgold County in March, 1876. He is a native of Ohio, born in Cuyahoga County, near Euclid, August 8, 1828, a son of Samuel W. and Mary D. (Barr) Dille, natives of Pennsylvania, his father of Wash- ington and his mother of Westmoreland County. His grandfather, Thomas Barr, was sent b\' the synod ol tiie Presbyterian church as a missionary to tiie Western Re- serve. When he was nine years old his parents luovcd to what is now Kankakee County, I Illinois, where they passed the rest of their lives. His fatiier was a stone- cutter and engraver, and at the same time carried on a farm, and consequently, in his youth, Charles F. was often required to assist in the work on the farm. He was educated in the district schools, attending in the winter, when his services were not required at home. When he was eighteen years of age his father died, and he was practically thrown on his own resources. He began to work by the month for farm- ers, which he continued until after his marriage, when he settled on a rented farm, and subsequentl}' bought 280 acres, on which he lived until 1876, when he came to Iowa and bought 178 acres of wild prai- rie land in Ringgold Count}-. He has im- proved this land and added to it until he now owns 243 acres, besides giving his son eighty acres. Mr. Dille is engaged in gen- eral farming and stock-raising, having only the best grades of stock on his farm. He is enteprising and public-spirited, and is one of the prominent and influential citi- zens of the township. He has served fif- teen years as township commissioner, supervisor of highways, thirteen years as school trustee, and four years as township trustee, and is now a candidate for super- visor of Washington Township, Ringgold County. He was married March 17,1858, to Virnella Cating, a native of Indiana. They have four children — Joseph C, Sam- uel E., Mary and John D. Mrs. Dille is a member of the Christian church. fACOBFRANE, a farmer and dairyman of Tingley Township, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in LvcomingCoun- ty, September 13,1840. Wlien he was ten years of age, in 1S50, his parents moved to Ogle County, Illinois, and there he was reared. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the war of the Rebellion and was assigned to Company K, Ninety-second Illinois Mounted Infantry, Army of the Cumber- land, and served twoyearsand ten months, participating in several severe engage- ments, including those at Chickamauga, Resaca and Jonesboro. He was wound- ;♦;:♦::♦; ».;♦: :♦;:* :♦:;♦: >:>: >::♦: :♦:>! *::^ :♦:;♦; :♦;:« :♦:;« >::« :♦::♦; >"♦: »::* :♦;:* >:;« !»::«5 ♦•*^ :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦:« >;:♦ :♦:>: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; 5»;;«i :♦::« :♦;;•«! :♦:;«! :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::«! :♦;:* :♦':♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :*:« :♦::« »•;« :♦':♦: IS :c«i :♦::♦; :♦::« *:« »::♦; :«■* :♦::«! :«:« »;:« :«:« k« »•:;♦! :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦! :♦::« :♦::■»! »;« :«:« »::« :♦::« »:;♦: :♦::« :♦::* »::♦; :♦"♦; :♦::♦! :♦::« :♦::«! :♦::« ;♦::« :♦:*' :♦:;♦::* ed near RoUa, the ball first hittins^ his horse and then his right leg near the knee joint, and was in the hospital at the time of his discharge, in July, 1865. He re- turned to Ogle County, and the following December was married to Anna Eyster, a native of that county. In the spring of 1869, Mr. Frane moved with his family to Ringgold Count}', Iowa, and bought the farm where he now lives, containing 122 acres on section 21, township 70, range 29. Since August, 1884, he has made a special- ty of the manufacture of cheese, and in the year 1885 made 5,000 pounds. It is of an e.xceptionally fine quality, and finds a ready market at home. In 1885 he milked thirteen cows and bought some milk, but in 1886 increased the number to twenty- four. Mr. Frane is a prominent citizen of his township, taking an active interest in all public affairs, and has served his town- ship two terms each as trustee and assessor. He and his wife are members of the Christian church. They have a famil)' of eight children — Frank, Charles, Cora, John E., Edgar M., Mary, Ruth and Anna May. — Edward H., Clayton and James M. Mr. Anderson came to Ringgold County, Iowa, in the fall of 187-I, and has since been a resi- dent of Jefferson Township. He has always followed agricultural pursuits, and is now devoting his attention to general farming and stock-raising. His farm contains 140 acres of choice land under a high state of cultivation. He has held the office of con- stable for four years with credit to himself and to tlie satisfaction of his constituents. He is a member of the United Fresb3'terian church. -^ --sua-- e^ »::♦: »>: 248 HIS TO It r OF RINGGOLD CO U NTT. »::♦: ■ \ »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: P »::♦: !»::♦: »::♦: »::♦: !«:♦: >::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::« »::♦: »::♦: »;:♦: vaf. »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: w:;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:;♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: !»::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:*: »::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: !»::♦: >"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ?■]* !»::♦: ;♦::♦: *;:♦: »;;♦; !♦•:♦; ;♦::♦; *:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;* ;♦;:♦: *:♦; '»"♦; *;♦: >'.♦: ■*:;♦: ■»;:♦: '♦:*: ♦:;♦; *;;♦: >:'♦: :♦::♦; ♦::♦.■♦' •>«4C£r®i®»*— ^>| *Sf2X97S0>* fAMES C. ANDERSON, one of the act- ive and enterprising agriculturists of Jefferson Township, Ringgold County, residing on section 1 5, was born in York Coun- ty, Pennsylvania, December 2, 1848, a son of Edward Anderson, who was a native of the same State. He left Pennsylvania with his parents about the year 1853, they locating in Union County, Ohio, and there our sub- ject grew to manhood on a farm, and re- ceived his education in the common schools. He was married in Ohio, October 22, 1874, to Miss Maria Martin, a daughter of James Martin, of Union County, that State. To Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have been born three children, whose names are as follows JOSHUA E. JOHNSTON, .deceased, "M • was born in Venango County, Penn- ^ S3lvania, March 29, 1828, a son of Anthony and Mary Johnston. He re- mained on the home farm until manhood, where he was reared to agricultural pur- suits. October 3, i8;i, he was united in marriage to Miss Jane Deets, who was a native of the same county as her husband. Mr. Johnston followed farming in his na- tive county till the year 1858, when he came to Iowa, and after residing in Chick- asaw County for si.K years he came to Ringgold County, and settled on the farm in Liberty Township, which is still occu- pied by his widow and family. His first purchase in this county was eighty acres of raw prairie land, which he improved, and at the time of his death had 260 acres of well-cultivated land, besides twenty acres of timber land. He was very suc- cessful in his agricultural pursuits, both in his farming and stock-raising, having his farm well stocked with cattle and horses. His death was the result of an accident, which occurred on the 24th of July, 1886. While driving to Tingley with his wife and two other ladies, his team took fright at a binder by the way, and ran away, resulting in the fatal injury to himself and the seri- ous injur}- of his wife. One of the ladies .♦:♦;♦•♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::« *i^ :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦!:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:<« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:« w.x :♦::♦; :♦::♦: '♦;;♦< :♦:♦ ^H :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •♦;,*< ♦*< w.w. 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He was taken into the school-house near b}', and carefully nursed by friends, neighbors, and the fraternity of ()dd Fellows, to which he belonged. He hovered between life and death for sixteen days, most of the time in an unconscious state, dying August 9, in the school-liouse. The day following his death a large pro- cession of citizens carried him to his home, the funeral services being conducted by Rev. William Brown of the United Pres- byterian church, at Eugene, who preached the sermon from i Cor. vii: 29-31. Rev. Main, of Tingley, followed with a few ap- propriate words, presenting the deceased as a good citizen, generous and benevolent, after which the order of Odd Fellows took charge and had their usual service. He was followed to his grave by a large concourse of friends, the procession consisting of 133 teams, 175 horses, and 335 people. A large delegation of Odd Fellows came from Mt. Ayr and other places. Mr. John- ston was fifty-eight 3'ears old when he died, and was a man who stood high in the es- timation of his neighbors, and his death was a source of universal regret through- out the township. He left a wife and seven children, all grown, to mourn his loss ; the names of the children being as follows — Winfield S., Frances, wife of H. Fender; Myron A., now living in Omaha, Nebraska; Sarah L., Joseph R., Henry N. and Mary. -J •^»S^>i^^'«ScH H ^-"rrrrJjICHAEL STAHL, one of the old • I 7 \' and honored pioneers of Ringgold '"■^ County, and an active and public- spirited citizen of Grant Township, was born in Ohio September 17, 1831, his par- ents, John and Elizabeth (Hoffman) Stahl, being among the early pioneers of that State, locating in Ohio in the year 1806. Our subject remained in his native State till 1849, when he removed to the State of In- diana, and located in Madison County, where he followed the carpenter's trade till 1856. In July of that year he came to Ring- gold County, Iowa, and pre-empted the land where he now resides, on section i, of Grant Township. He is at present de- voting his attention to farming and stock- raising on his farm, which contains 400 acres of choice land. Mr. Stahl was united in marriage to Miss Mary Talley, who was born in Pennsylvania, October 3, 1834, a daughter of Adam and Sarah (Aldred) Tal- ley, natives of Delaware. To this union have been born ten children — two daugh- ters are married and reside in Grant Town- ship ; three daughters and one son are at- tending college at Indianola, Iowa. Mr. Stahl was the first postmaster in Grant Township, holding that office before Goshen was incorporated. He has always taken an active interest in the affairs of his township, and b)' his honorable dealings and strict in- tegrity has gained the respect and confi- dence of all who know him. ILLIAM TIMBY, retired farmer, ,j Mt. Ayr, is a native of Norfolk, ^i England, born January 11, 1829, a son of Thomas and Susannah Timby. His father being a farmer, William was early inured to the duties of the farm, and his education was obtained mainly b}' his own exertions. He was married in April, 1853, to Miss Mary A. Pointer, and tlie same month left Liverpool on a vessel bound for New Orleans, and after a voyage of six weeks landed at that city about June 4. From New Orleans he went to St. Louis, Miss:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦. 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There he engaged in farming and dealing in stock, feeding the products of his farm, which contained 400 acres, to his cattle and hogs. He disposed of his farm in the year 1883, when he removed to Mt. Ayr, where he has since resided, his handsome residence being located in the west part of the town. He has been an active and pub- lic-spirited citizen, always taking an inter- est in any enterprise for the advancement of his town or count}-, and since becoming a resident of Mt. Ayr has built some of the best business blocks in the place. In the summer of 1886 he erected a fine two- story brick business house on the south side of the square, besides which he owns five other houses in this city. He and his wife are active members of the Baptist church, and respected citizens of the coun- ty, having gained the confidence and esteem of all who know them. In 1872 Mr. Timby visited his old home in England, after an absence of nineteen years. ■HJ>- <:«• V. OSBORN, farmer, section 3, Clin- ton Township, was born in Fayette * Count3% Pennsylvania, November 25, 1832, son of Abraham and Jane Osborn, who reared six children — James R., Jack- son, Benjamin, Taylor V., Abraham and George. His early life was spent on the farm and attending the common schools. In 1854 he came to Iowa, locating in Wa- pello County. He was married September 3, 1857, to Miss Mary Ann Matthews, a native of Holmes County, Ohio, and daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Matthews. He resided in Wapello County until 1863, when he removed to Buchanan County, Missouri, near St. Joseph. In 1865 became to Ringgold County, locating on section 2, Clinton Township. In 1867 he came to his present farm, which was then in a wild state. His first purchase was eight}- acres. He has since added more land, from time to time, until he now owns 224 acres of well- cultivated land. He also has a fine two- story residence surrounded with native shade trees, an orchard of 300 trees, and out-buildings for stock. His farm is lo- cated two miles north of Redding. Mr. and Mrs. Osborn have five children — Eliza- beth, Minnie, Ella, George and Walter. Mr. Osborn is a member of the Odd Fel- lows order. Lodge No. 262, also of the Anti-Horse-Thief Association. He is a member of the School Board and road supervisor. Politically he is a Republican. He commenced life with very little means, but by industry and good management he has acquired a fine property. Postofifice, Redding. tSAAC MARSHALL, farmer, section 2^, iVIiddle Fork Township, was born in ^ Warren County, Indiana, July 9, 1842. His parents, Thomas D. and Sally (Brown) Marshall, were natives of Tennessee, and reared a family of eight children — Ruth Ann, Martha R., Charity L., Isaac, Sally, Mary T., Permelia Jane and Lewis. When he was fifteen years of age his father removed to Ringgold County, locating in Middle Fork Township, on section 17, where he resided until his death, which occurred September 24, 1873. The mother died in Indiana, in 1844. Isaac remained at home until he attained his majority. During the great Rebellion he was among those who went forth in defense of the old flag. Feb- ruary 4, 1864, he enlisted in Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and was in several engagements. At the shelling of Atlanta he was wounded, and was confined in hospital at Camden ; was taken prisoner and held ten months at Camden, Magnolia :♦.:♦: :♦';♦: :♦:>: :♦::« »; :♦::••« :♦:»: :♦"♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:»: '*■;!^ :♦:>; :♦::«■: >:>: :♦;:«! >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:* :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »!:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::« :♦:»; :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :•»::♦: ;♦;:« :•»::♦: :♦::♦: »>: :♦;;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*:«> :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« >::« :♦::« E*::« :♦::« :♦::■•! »::« :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:••> >:;* »::« s»;:« »::« :«:« »::« »::« :♦::« :«:« »::« :♦::« »::« :♦::« »::« :♦::« »::« »::« :♦::« !»::« »-« »::« »::♦: :♦::♦: »: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦::•«■: »:»::»::c»:»>i»:»:»rc»::»>>>>r<»a»r>>:3»::<: :♦::« :♦::« »::« :«:« :♦>: »>: :♦::« :♦::« »x« »"« :♦::« »::« *"« :«:« »>: mR »r« »::« »!<« :«;« »:;« k« »:<»! »"« »:<« ».« ;«:« »::« ;♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« »::« »::« :♦:;-« !«:•« :♦::« :♦::♦: »>: »>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;« r«5« :♦-« :♦::♦: :«« :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::« '♦a* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>: !»::« :♦"♦: :♦::♦: 'd'm »:;♦: »;;♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. and Shreveport. In Febriiar\-, 1S65, he was paroled and taken to New Orleans, but was not able for duty again during the war. He was honorably discharged in August, 1865, at Keokuk, and returned home. He was married January 10, 1864, to Miss Nancy Moler, of Worth County, Missouri, daughter of Phillip Moler. In the spring of 1866 he located on forty acres of his present farm, which was then in a wild state. He has since added to his original purchase until he has 240 acres in a good state of cultivation, and well improved. He has a good residence surrounded by shade trees, and a fine orchard. Mr. and Mrs. Marshall have four ciiildren — William Parks, Eunice M., Thomas P. and Grace Edna. Mr. Mar- shall is a member of the Advent Christian church, and in politics is a Republican. He is one of the leading citizens of his town- ship. Postoffice, Ingart. -J»^iP»-'-j»t^S>^*«f-»<^*sf-»- fOHN HUTCHISON, an active and enterprising farmer of Rice Town- .,^ ship, living on section 18, is a native of County Antrim, Ireland, born March 14, 1836, a son of George and Fanny (Luke) Hutchison, both of whom died in Ireland. John Hutchison lived in his native country till nineteen years of age, when he sailed from Liverpool, England, for America, landing at New York City, July 8, 1855. He spent the first two years of his residence in this country in the State of New Jersey, where he was emplo3fed as a farm hand. He then came to McHenr)' County, Illi- nois, where he was married in 185910 Miss Helen D. Cross, a native of Steuben Coun- ty, New York, and a daughter of James Cross. After his marriage Mr. Hutchison began farming on rented land, which he followed until 1865. In the spring of that year he removed to Leavenworth County, Kansas, and the first year was in the (♦"■^ :♦::« ^«* »;:♦: !»::♦: Wi :♦:♦: :♦;« [»:;♦: ♦■♦; :♦::♦; Government employ in the Quarter- master's Department, and the following year worked on a rented farm. In No- vember, 1866, he came to Ringgold County, when he bought 120 acres, and at once commenced improving his land. He still owns eighty acres of that purchase. His homestead now contains 200 acres of good land under fine cultivation. Mrs. Hutchi- son died January 6, 1882, at the age cf forty-five years, leaving at her death a family of eight children — Mrs. Sarah Jane Hall, Mrs. Fanny M. Dille, George E., Mrs. Mary Fertig, Cora, William, Susan and Maud, all living at home but the married daughters. Isabel, the sixth child, died at the age of two and a half years. For his second wife Mr. Hutchison married Mrs. Martha (Bates) Day, ir. December, 1883, and to this union have been born two chil- dren — Edith and Adam Clark. Mr. Hutchi- son came to America a poor boy, but b}' his industry, frugality and good manage- ment he has prospered in his agricultural pursuits, becoming the owner of a fine property, and by his honorable and upright dealings has gained the confidence of the entire community. Mr. Hutchison is in his religious faith a Presbyterian. In poli- tics he affiliates with the Republican party. Mr. Hutchison has held several offices, serving as assessor three years, three years as trustee, two years as clerk, and school director thirteen years, holding all these positions acceptably and efficiently. ^000€ ijaEORGE M. BROWN, farmer, section *■ — 12, Lott's Creek Township, was born in Geauga County, Ohio, January 24, 1834. His parents were George and Mi- nerva(Enos) Brown, the former a native of New York and the latter of Connecticut. George M. was the si.xth of a family of seven children who lived to adult life. :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::« »::« »::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::■« :♦::* :♦::« »:*■ :♦::« :♦::« :«:«] :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«:« :♦;:♦: ;*;♦' :♦::♦: :•»::« <*:;« :♦::«■: ;♦::♦: :♦::* :♦::■« :<»:.^: :♦::« 'H.'ff. 'ffM >::♦: »>: »:>: >::♦: :♦::* :♦"«■: »::♦: %:« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.% :♦::« :♦:.♦: ;♦::« :♦"♦) !»::♦: :♦:;« ♦*2 :♦:;♦: :•»::♦: :♦::« :«:« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;« »:k :♦::♦: Wx Wx :♦::♦: r«:« ;♦::« Wx Wx »::♦: >*;* ?♦• P :♦:♦: »>;:♦: 5»>.»: !♦;:♦: »>; »>: :♦>: »>; !»^« »: *;♦« :♦>: »>: {»;:♦; »>: :♦>> »>: »!:♦: »;:♦: »:♦: »>: »>: »»: »'% »!!♦: »-♦: SfeK »>: !«:« :«»: »r#: »::♦: »>: »>: »::♦: 8»>; »::♦: 253 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. When he was about five years of age his parents removed to Knox County, Ohio, where he was reared and educated. He learned the carpenter's trade which he fol- lowed several 3-ears. At the age of twenty-three he commenced teaching, and has taught several years in Ohio and Iowa. He was married April i, 1858, to Miss Nancy Kirkpatrick, a native of Knox County. In October, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, Sixty-fifth Ohio Infantry. He participated in the battle of Stone River where he was wounded on the right leg by a minie ball which he preserves as a relic of the " late unpleasantness." He was confined in hospital for some time and was honorably discharged in August, 1863. He returned to Knox Count}", and in 1866 removed to Iowa and located at Mt. Ayr. In the winter of i866-'7 he settled upon his present farm, where he has since re- sided. He owns 100 acres of land in a good state of cultivation and well improved. He has a comfortable residence, an orchard of two acres, a large number of shade trees, a good barn, and everything about the place betokens the thrift and enterprise of its owner. Mr. Brown has served as township trustee, township clerk, and as- sessor with credit to himself and to the best interest of the township. He is a member of the Masonic order, Garnet Lodge, No. 416, Caledonia. Politicallyhe is Indepen. dent. Postoffice, Caledonia. =^ »::♦: »>; '♦if*; »>: »>: »>: Wff. »::«:♦: RNEST J. HEATON, farmer and stock-raiser, living on section 22, Jef- ferson Township, is a native of Iowa, born in Jefferson County, August 10, i860, a son of Rev. Edward B. Heaton who is the present pastor of Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church, of Des Moines, Iowa. Ernest J. was reared to agricultural pur- suits which he has made his life's work. He was educated in the common schools of his neighborhood, and at Parsons Col- lege, at Fairfield, Iowa. In 1869 he came with his parents to Ringgold County, Iowa, then locating in Jefferson Township, where our subject has since made his home. He was united in marriage December 24, 1883, to Miss Ida Osmond, who was born in Janesville, Wisconsin, a daughter of John Osmond, who is now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Heaton are the parents of one son, Foss, born Februar}- 20, 1885. Mr. Heaton farms 200 acres of land, of which he is the owner of forty acres, renting the rest. He is one of the active and enterprising young men of Jefferson Township, and is at pres- ent serving as president of the School Board, and filling the office of township clerk to the entire satisfaction of his con- stituents. »-c-^Bp-s-^ lOLOMON BEAR, farmer, section 16, is one of the old pioneers of Monroe Township, who has been identified with the interests of the county nearly thirty years. He was born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, near the Allcglieny Mountains, August 16, 1832. His parents, Lewis and Mary (Keifer) Bear, were natives of the same county, the former of German ancestry. They were the parents of fourteen children, Solomon being the eld- est. When he was six )-ears of age his parents removed to Westmoreland County, where he was reared on a farm, attending school only a few months. In 1854 he came to Linn County, Iowa, where he re- sided eighteen months, then returned to Pennsylvania, and later to Wells County, Indiana. In the fall of 1857 he returned to Iowa and spent the winter at Cedar Rap- ids. The year following he located upon his present farm, which was then in its primitive state. It was school land, and he paid $4.50 per acre. The farm contains 120 .:♦::♦::♦»: ♦♦ :♦.:♦: :♦>: :♦:♦• :♦:» :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *♦ :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: *•♦< :♦»• :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: :♦::'»: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;;♦: :♦.:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: »:.<»: :♦::♦: *;»< :♦;:♦. .♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :«:♦: :«c«;*»>»>X4rA»x: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: .♦;:♦:.♦;:♦;:♦: ■*■"■*■■ :♦;:« 203 lis :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: »::« :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦:.♦: >::♦: ;♦»♦• ;♦:•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;.♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:,♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;;♦: :♦::»: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: ♦♦ ♦:♦: .♦::♦: Wt ♦♦ ♦:♦; >:'♦: '^*\ ♦>♦• *i^ >::♦: >:;♦: »; :♦:>: *i^ ♦♦ ♦♦ KN :■»::♦: :*:>: >:;♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >"♦: :♦:;♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. acres of well-cultivated and improved land, a large portion being rich bottom land. Lott's Creek waters the farm and renders it one of the best stock farms in the town- ship. He has an orchard of three acres, a large amount of willow, osage, and honey locust hedge, one of the best native groves in the township, ct)nsisting of six acres, mostly maple, a comfortable house, and out- buildings of all kinds for both stock and grain. He is engaged in stock-raising and feeding. When he first came to Ring- gold County, provisions were scarce and high, corn was §1.50 a bushel and flour $9 per hundred pounds. December 5, i860, Mr. Bear was married to Miss Sarah E. Walker, a native of Iowa, daughter of Henderson Walkei", an old pioneer of De- catur County. They had one son, Win- field Scott, who is fitting himself for a pro- fession. Mrs. Bear died in January, 1871, and in February, 1872, he was married to Amanda Elvina Dcwlcv, a native of Har- rison County, Missouri. They arc the par- ents of five children — Dolly Ann, Nellie, Mary, Agnes, Franklin. Mr. Bear is a member of the Odd Fellows order, Mt. Ayr Lodge, No. 169, and politically is a Republican. He is one of the pioneers of the old type, plain and outspoken, genial and hospitable in disposition, and is one of the leading men in his township where he has so long resided. Postoffice, Black- more. * : >• L. GLEASON, physician and sur- geon, Kellerton, Iowa, is a native [<* of Illinois, born September 27, 1859, ^ son of D. R. and Margaret (Legg) Gleason, the former a native of Vermont, and the latter of Indiana. He was reared in his native State, receiving a good educa- tion, and at the age of twenty-one years be- gan the study of medicine under the direc- tion of Dr. J. II. White, of Mt. Ayr, Iowa. In the winter of i882-'3 he attended the Eclectic Medical College, at Cincinnati, Ohio, and in the winter of i883-'4 the medical department of Drake's University, at Des Moines, Iowa, from which he grad- uated January 24, 1884, receiving his di- ploma June 12 of the same year. In the spring of 1884 he located at Kellerton, and from that time his practice steadily in- creased, until it became large and lucrative. In the fall of 1886 he went to Chicago, Illi- nois, and during the wmter of i8S6-'7 at- tended lectures at the Bennett Medical College. He is recognized as one of the promising young phj'sicians of Ringgold County, and already holds a high position in the estimation of his brother practition- ers. He is ambitious, and devotes his en- tire time to his profession, that he may keep informed on all subjects of benefit to him in his practice. His faithful attendance on all cases entrusted to his care, and his cheerful, pleasant manner in the sick- room make him a welcome visitor to all needing his services. He is a young man of pleasing addi-ess, and his genial manners make him popular with the young people, and their social circle is incomplete when iiis duties call him elsewhere. JUl W. SELBY, physician and surgeon, "^ residing in Tingley, is a native of Wis- ' * consin, born on a farm in La Fayette County, November \ i, i860, a son of John N. and Mary (Dewitt) Selby, natives of Ohio, the father being of English and Scotch, and the mother of German ances- try. The\' left Ohio in 1853, go'"g to Wis- consin, where they made their home till 1867. They then came with their family to Iowa, and for a short time lived in Mont- gomery County, moving thence to Page County, where the mother died in 1874. The father subsequently settled at New ♦■■5 m m :*;w 3»:3« :♦::« :♦;:« '^i :♦;;•« :*:« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::<« :♦::« :♦::•« :♦:;« :♦::« :♦::« Wi :♦;:« :♦::«• :♦::« :♦::« :♦:» »::« :♦;;« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;;•»; :♦::« :♦;:« :♦;:« :♦::« MM :♦::« :♦::« :«:« :♦::« MM MM MM MM MM ;♦:;« :♦::« MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM :♦::« MM MM :♦::« :♦::« m:m MM MM MM :♦:;« :♦;:« :♦:♦:♦:* >■♦.♦.;♦: >"♦" :♦:>: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;•»; :♦"« :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;>; :♦:;♦: >;:♦; :♦:»: ;♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :■♦::♦; :♦'■♦•: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: '♦:>: :■♦;:♦; :♦::♦. :♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦::♦: »;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: %*< :♦:;♦: >::♦: »: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::■« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: K>: :♦:>: !»::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:»: »::♦: :♦::♦: :«>: *::♦; »•:;♦: :♦:»: »;:♦; !»"♦: »::♦: :«:♦: »:»: »;:♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::■»: :♦::♦: ;♦'♦• 254 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COVNTT. Market, Taylor County, Iowa, where his death occurred in 1885. R. W. Selby spent his boyhood daj's in Page County, receiv- ing his primar}- education in the district schools, completing it at the high school at Corning, Iowa. He then entered the office of Dr. Paschal, of Hawle)'ville, Iowa, where he commenced the study of medi- cine. He took his first course of lectures at Keokuk Medical College, and later at- tended Rush Medical College of Chicago, Illinois, graduating from that institution in 1883. He then returned to Taylor County, Iowa, where he commenced the practice of medicine, being actively engaged there till June, 1884, when he came to Tingley, Ringgold County, where he has applied himself diligently to his profession, and by his strict attention to his patients he is building up a good practice, and gives promise of becoming one of "the leading physicians of the county- The Doctor was married in April, 1886, to Miss Minnie E. Rayburn, of Hamilton, Illinois, at the time ot her marriage, but a native of Keo-. kuk, Iowa. In connection with his practice the Doctor has a half interest in a drug- store in Tingle}', being associated with C. C. Bosworth, the style of the firm being R. W. Selby & Co. Dr. Selby is a member of the Odd Fellows order, belonging to a lodge in Page County. T-#,^ILLIAM B. COLE, son ol Will- • \/\h i'lm and Elizabeth (Buckingham) "jW^ Cole, was born in Rock Island, Illi- n:)is, November 12, 1855. '^'^ father was born in Killarney, Ireland, and in 1840 came to the United States, settling in Massachusetts. In 1850 he went to Califor- nia, where he mined till 1853, returning in that year to Massachusetts. The same year they removed to La Salle County, Illi- nois, and soon after settled at Rock Island. :♦:>: (♦;;♦: »; !♦;>: >;:♦; :♦::♦: »; :♦;;♦; In 1858 or 1859 he removed with his famil)' to Mercer County, Illinois, and in 1864 went to Idaho, where he was engaged in mining till 1868, when the famil}' came to Ringgold County, Iowa. The parents are now living in Jefferson Township. They had a family of three children, of whom our subject is the only one living. Their eldest son, Thomas, died in Idaho, aged twenty-three years, and their son, John, died at the age of four years. William B. Cole, the subject of this sketch, spent his youth in assisting his father on the farm, and received his education in the common schools. He subsequently read law for a time, and was admitted to the bar in 1880, and practiced his profession for a while before the Justice, Circuit and District courts. He is now devoting his attention to the duties of his farm, on section 16, Jef- ferson Township, where he has 142 acres of choice land, and is meeting with success in his general farming and stock-raising. Mr. Cole was united in marriage May 22, 1876, to Miss Viola Bonebrake, a daughter of the late Samuel W. Bonebrake. They are the parents of four children — Ira T., Samuel C, Frederick H. and an infant son. "1^ P. LILLIE, of Kellcrton, a promi- kC^ ncnt pioneer of Decatur and Ring- ^^v gol<^ counties, was born in Athens County, Ohio, April 4, 1823, son of Apollo Lillie, a native of Connecticut, who immi- grated to New York, thence to Ohio. His mother was Dorcas (Seymour) Lillie, who was reared in New York. His parents reared a family of six children — Joseph, Hannah, Benjamin, Rufus, Lucy and Nim- rod. Rufus P. was the fourth child. His early life was passed on the farm. He re- ceived his education in the subscription schools of that day, and worked for 25 cents a day to pay for the same. By Wff. :♦>< :♦>. »>: I'M*: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:>: '♦"♦: »::♦: Wi :♦::♦: »■»: »>: ;♦>: !»-♦: »::♦: »>: m. i i :♦::♦: :♦;*■ :♦>: »>: f»:»: »:»: 1^ »>: »>: i»::4: »:»: »>: »::♦: »:»: »;:♦: »::♦: »:»: »::♦: »::♦: (♦•::♦: <*-«: »::♦::♦ !♦!:♦::♦:: »: :♦::♦: !♦::♦ :♦::♦ :♦::« *::« »::•« :♦::•« m M *H »':« :♦::♦: :♦;:« :*»^ »:« ;♦;:« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 255 i >:^ :♦::♦: !»:;« :♦::♦: »::« »::« !♦::♦: !»>: »>: »::« »::♦: :«!« !»;:♦: »::« II »:% »::♦: !»::« »::♦: !»:!« »::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: !«;« »::« »::♦: »::♦: !»>: »:»: !♦•>: !«;♦: »>: »:;♦: !»:;♦: <♦.*;♦: property in Davis City. He is a member of the Good Templars order, and is politi- oally a Republican. By fair and honorable dealing he has secured the respect of all who know him. >::♦; ¥A ♦•♦ WJf. :♦!>: »;:♦: ;♦;:♦: W- 8 I pi '% »>: »::♦: i»X« !«>:♦: *"♦: sc*: ^ !«•:♦; »::♦: »::♦: »::♦; »::♦: !»::♦: <»::♦: !»::♦: »: >:;♦: »;:♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: »::« »;;♦: !♦;:♦: !♦>: !♦>: »::♦: !»»♦: »::♦: »::♦: !»::♦; !«:« »::♦: !»>: »: s»;:* »>: !»::« »::♦: »:.«: !»::« !*:;« »::« »>: !«:♦: »::«■: ;♦;;♦: !»"♦: »:;♦: !»"♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: !♦;;♦; improvin_g his opportunities and study- ing at home, he received suBicient educa- tion to enable him to teach school. Ar- riving at the age of manhood, lie was united in marriage with Sarah Gilpin, a native of Morgan County, Ohio, and daughter of Jonas and Nancv Gilpin. In 1856 Mr. Lillie, with wife and four chil- dren, came to Iowa by team, first locating in Decatur County, Eden Township, wliere he resided two years. In 1859 '16 removed to Woodland Township, and one year later returned to Eden Township, where he resided at the breaking out of the civil war. Hs enlisted August 2, 1863, in the Ninth Iowa Cavalry, and was transferred by request to Company G, Fourth Iowa Cavalry. He was in the engagements at Tupelo,01d Town Creek, Hurricane Creek, Bear Creek, Independence, Missouri, Big Blue, Little Blue, Mine Creek and where General Marmaduke surrendered, near Fort Scott, on Wilson's raid from Selma, Alabama, and Monte Valle}', Ellerton, Plantersville, Ebenezer Church, and sev- eral others. He was mustered out in August, 1865, at Atlanta, Georgia, receiv- ing his final discharge at Davenport, Iowa, then returned to his home in Eden Town- ship. His wife died a few months before he returned from the service. She was the mother of six children — Charles W., Lorenzo Dow, Lewis C, William J., George C. and Rufus P. From 1868 un- til 1872 Mr. Lillie was engaged in con- tracting and building. He was married a second time, February 15, 1872, to N. J. McDonald, a native of Perry County, Oiiio. They have one cliild — Marj' Myr- tle. In 1872 Mr. Lillie located in Bloom- ington Township, where he resided until 1S84, then removed to Kellerton, where he owns a fine residence, one and a half stories in height, finished in modern style, and well furnished. He owns a good farm n Bloomington Township and a residence f^^JflLLIAM M. WOOD, a leading farm- fllyp^H ^' °^ Washington Township, is a l*=l^a^ native of Michigan, born in Hills- dale County, November 24, 1837, a son of Elkanah and Abigail (Jackson) Wood, na- tives of New York, where they were mar- ried, and in 1832 the)' moved to Michigan, and made that State their home until their death. They were the parents of nine chil- dren, seven of whom lived till maturity, our subject being next to the youngest. He re- mained in his native county imtil eighteen years of age. He received a good educa- tion, attending the common schools, and later the Michigan Central College. After leaving school he began teaching, which he continued several years. He then engaged in farming and in the mercantile business in Warren County, Illint)is, where he spent thirteen years, and from there moved to Jasper County, Iowa, and for two years lived on a farm near Prairie City. Selling his farm he moved to Montgomeiy County, where he lived until 18S2. He owned a farm of 320 acres near Red Oak, and en- gaged extensivcl}' in raising corn and hogs, being one of the most successful in this en- terprise in the county. In 1882 he went to Madison County, Nebraska, where he lived two and a half years, when he returned to Iowa and bought the farm where he now lives, on section 8, Washington Township. His farm contains 240 acres, fifty acres of which is pasture and timber land, and he also owns 1, 280 acres in Nebraska. He makes a specialty of stock-raising, having some of the finest breeds of cattleand hogs, and although he has been a resident of Ringgold County :♦:*>: *"♦>: »::♦: »:;♦: »>: :«;♦: »::♦: »::« :♦::♦: :«:♦: ;♦;:«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:!♦: JH* >:;♦: :♦::♦: *j* *M :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; >::♦: :♦:'* *H :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: ?s* »::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«:;♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ♦ ♦; :♦::♦: i^* .♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; .♦..♦: :♦::«; :♦::♦: :♦:!♦: .♦"♦: »:;« :♦:;♦: ♦;♦: ♦;:♦: ♦::♦; m ,♦:♦: :♦::♦: >"♦; >::♦: 'fM :♦;:♦: 256 HIS TORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. SO short a time, is ranked with her most en- terprising and prosperous citizens, and is now serving as trustee of Washington Township. Mr. Wood was married in 1864 to Annie R. Waggoner, daughter of Henry and Ester (Sherman) Waggoner, of Warren County, Illinois. They have three children — Alice J., wife of Solomon Layton, Leon E. and Lila A. Mr. and Mrs. Wood are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. -HJ^^g— 'RANCIS E. GIBBONEY, section 3, .^rl Riley Township, was born in Bedford ^^ Count}', Pennsylvania, December 14, 1829. His parents, Benjamin and Marga- ret (Kendall) Gibboney, were also natives of Pennsylvania, residing there until 1838, when they moved to Licking County, Ohio, and from there in May, 1846, to Louisa County, Iowa, where our subject attained his majority. In 1856 he went to Kansas, and lived in that State and Missouri until the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. In June, 1861, he went to Fort Leaven- worth and enlisted at the first call for three years' volunteers, and was assigned to Company C, First Kansas Infantrj-. He participated in the battle at Wilson's Creek, where the gallant General Lyons was killed. His regiment lost heavilv, Com- pany C having twelve men killed and thirty-six wounded. Mr. Gibboney was shot through the right arm, and so disabled as to necessitate his discharge. He now re- ceives a pension of S'O a month. After his discharge he returned to Louisa County, and in 1869 located in Ringgold County, buying his present homestead which con- tains eighty acres of good land, which he has brought under cultivation, it being wild land when he bought it. He also owns ten acres of valuable timber land. Mr. Gib- boney was married October 17, 1872, to Amelia A. Butler, who was born in Bel- mont County, Ohio, Januar}' 21, 1841, daughter of Thomas and Sarah A. Butler. They have had two children — Benjamin Thomas, who died in infancy, April 14, 1874, and Sarah Margaret, born November 4, 1877. Mrs. Gibboney is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Gibboney is a member of Garnet Lodge, No. 416, F. & A. M., and Ellis C. Miller Post, G. A. R. In politics he is a Repub- lican. He was one of the patriotic " Free- State " men who fought under Jim Lane to save Kansas from having slavery forced upon her by the slaveholders of the South, and has in the past suffered much for the cause of freedom and the Union. Mr. Gib- boney 's father died in Muscatine. Iowa, in 1850, and his mother in September, 187S. He has three sisters living — Mrs. Elizabeth F. Brown, of Riley Township; Mrs. Jane G. Crow and Mrs. Sarah M. WoodrulT, of Louisa County. His only brother, James B. Gibboney, was a very prominent citizen of Louisa Coimty, and at the time of his death was county auditor, a position he had filled ten vears. fOHN DUKES, residing on section 33, Union Township, is a native of Eng- land, born in Monmouth County, June 4, 1842, a son of William and Mary Ann Dukes. He was reared to manhood in his native country, but thinking to better his condition in life he decided to immigrate to America, and May 14, 1867, he landed at New York, immediately proceeded to Joliet, Illinois, where he lived five years. He was married at Joliet, August 15, 1869, to Miss Jane Price, who was born in Herfordshire, England, July 2, 1840. She came with her parents to America in 1848, and was reared in Will County, Illinois, her parents living there till their death. Mr. and Mrs. Dukes have five children — Mary B., William, :♦;:♦:>; ^>>:'A>:»:i«%»~ccA"ji^>:»:»>:»:i«:«)£iK%ji^ »:♦::♦: ;♦>:♦"♦; ii.fi. :♦;:♦: .♦:♦- :♦!:« W< :♦;:♦: W. :♦:♦ ♦♦J ♦•♦• :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: »♦!*; :♦::« *»l :♦!:♦. :♦::< :♦;:♦: HS :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: m i^ m »:♦: %:« «'♦' Hs :♦:« -^ m. :♦::♦: :-»::^ mi .«:« ;«:« :«:« VM %:♦: »::♦: mk S?? :<•;:« m. :♦::♦: ti :«::♦. »::« »::♦: »::« !»::♦: ;«:♦: :♦::♦: ::*•»";♦::♦; ;»::♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: »::♦: 3k:« »"♦: »:;♦: »>: »:;♦: »"♦: »>: %»: »::♦: »"'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::«: :«:♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: :♦::«: »::♦: »::« ;♦:% »:;♦: •*?§ :<♦: »:!♦: »::♦: »:;« :♦:»: :«;« »::♦: :♦>: »:<« P P ?=♦ ft* >♦ §♦ ;♦; :«!« :♦::♦: >:;♦; »::« :♦>: :«!♦: i !♦::♦: :♦:>: 1$ 11 P || ft* :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦;;♦: ♦;;♦;»; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 257 George, Edward and John. Mr. Dukes came to Ringgold County, Iowa, from Joliet, and in 1876 bought eighty acres of his present farm, on which he settled in 1878. He has since added to his original purchase till he has now 320 acres which he has improved from the raw prairie, all being under good cultivation. His farm is located in Union and Monroe townships, 160 acres being in each township. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dukes are members of the Methodist Episcopal cliurch. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. By his straightforward life Mr. Dukes has, during his residence in the county, won the respect and esteem of all who know him. In 1880 the parents of Mr. Dukes came to him from England, the mother dying at his home September 25, 1883, aged sixty -four years. In November 1885, the father returned to England. His brother George has twice visited this coun- try, remaining some years each time. He returned to England in July, 1885. Another brother of our subject, William, died in Minnesota in 1883, and is buried in Monroe Township, this county. fj. SHOWALTER, farmer, section 23, Middle Fork Township, was born in .^,^ *> Putnam County, Indiana, January i, 1S47, son of Nimrod and Sarah (Sham- baugh) Showalter, natives of Virginia. He was the third of seven children, and passed his early life in assisting on the farm and in obtaining his education in the public schools of his native county. At the age of nineteen years he came to Ring- gold County and located in Middle Fork Township. His first purchase of real estate was in 1869, when he bought eighty acres of land on section 6, wliicli he partly im- proved, and sold in 1875. He then bought another eighty, which is his present liome, adding still another eighty since that time. He now has 160 acres of well-cultivated land, a good orchard of 150 trees, vineyard and small fruits, and every convenience for general farming and stock-raising. He was married, March 4, 1869, to Miss Martha Miller, a daughter of Nathan Miller, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this volume. The}' are the parents of six children — Hugh F,. Sarah A., Ernest, Inez, Naomi and Lester E. Mr. Showalter has served as township clerk, a member of the School Board, and is a worthy member of the Ad- vent Christian church, of which he is sec- retary. In the general conference he is clerk of the church. He started in life without means, but b}' working out by the month and teaching twelve or fifteen terms, he was able to purchase his first land. Politically he is a Democrat. Post office, Ingart Grove. -ii>- -'^m^- -<^^ »:;«.;c«3*.!f!:«:«;:c«jK.vie3e:>:>:;c«:«:«;;'»"^^ fSAAC OLIVER, farmer, section 8, Monroe Township, is among the intelli- ^ gent and enterprising pioneers of his township. He was born in Ashland County, Ohio, September 29, 1827. His parents were Daniel and Sally (Quick) Oliver, natives of Penns3'lvania. They were married in Ashland County and reared a family of eleven children, of whom Isaac is the Ihirti. His youth was spent on the farm, antl his education was obtained in the log school-house. He was married April 4, 1850, to Miss Martha Blackmore, born in Beaver County, Penn- sylvania, daughter of Samuel and Eliza- beth (Thompson) Blackmore. February 26, 1854, Mr. Oliver started for Iowa, travel- ing by rail as far as Rock Island, which was the western terminus of tlie railroad at that time. From there he went to Keo- kuk Count}' with teams, and after spend- ing one season in that county, he came to Ringgold County and located upon his :o>"♦"♦"♦::♦"♦'*»"♦"♦^*:>^"ccc♦>>::♦::♦::c♦>"<*:«c»•"c♦::c♦::♦: >:>: >;:* :♦::«! .♦::♦: ?i* :♦.:♦: *?5 :♦♦ >::♦! ;♦«•? :♦"« >"♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:« >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :♦;:♦: >;>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: »:>: :♦;:«! »>: ■^% m :♦> :♦!:♦: >::♦: *«♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;>: :♦::♦: ?5* :♦:»: :♦;.'« :♦:« :♦:« :♦!:« >::« :♦::« neM *^ :♦:« »:« »!% »^« :♦:« :«:<•! »:« Wi :♦>< :♦::« :♦::« »::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« »::«: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦:;« :♦::« »::« win »::« »::«[ »::« :♦::« »::« !»::« :♦::« :«:♦::«; »;:♦:;♦::♦: !♦>: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: !»::♦: »>: :♦"♦: »>: !»::♦: »::♦: {♦>: f»::« »::« »;:♦: »::♦: »:% »:»: »:»: !»:;« !«;♦: »:;♦: ;♦::♦: »::« »::♦: !»:.« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: t«* <♦::♦: »::■« :♦;♦: :-»>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; !♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: *::♦; :♦;:♦; >"♦: »;:« k::« Wm !»;:« *;:♦: »: ;♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:»: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: »;:♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦: !•:>: <♦;;« !♦::♦: !C'»: ;♦::♦: K*\ :<♦: ;♦::♦: !♦;:♦; :•::♦: ;♦;♦»' 258 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. present farm, which was then in a wild state. He was the first settler in Monroe Township. There were but few voters in the county. Mt. Ayr had one log store 14 X 14. Here Mr. Oliver passed through all the privations and hardships of pioneer life. Groceries and flour were very scarce and high, and he had to pav as high as Sio a barrel for salt. His farm contains 160 acres of as good land as the township affords, ui^der a high state of cultivation and well improved. He has a good resi- dence, a fine orchard of 700 trees, a native grove and out-buildings for stock. Mr. and Mrs. Oliver have one child — Franklin Perry. Mr. Oliver is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is serving as trustee of the same. Politi- cally he is a Republican and cast his first vote for General Scott. Postoffice, Black- more. '^= ,,^ORINGTON CHANCE, one of the "" successful farmers of Washinsrton Township, and a representative of one of the oldest families of Ringgold County, was born in Richland County, Ohio, near Loudonville, the date of his birth being October 19, 1835, a son of Joshua and Mar}-^ A. (Jump) Chance. The father was a native of Maryland, and an early settler of Ohio. He remained in Richland County until the fall of 1856, when he removed with his family to Ring- gold County, locating on raw prairie land, on section 36, Washington Township, and here he built a small hewed-log house, 14 X 16 feet, and began improving his land, on which he lived till his death, in 1858. The mother survived till 1878. They were the parents of tliree sons and five daughters, all of whom yet survive except William Henry, who died in the service of his count!}' during tlie late war. Doring- ton Chance, the subject of this sketch, was reared to manhood in his native coun- ty, receiving his education in the common schools and at the Loudonville Academy, which he attended two terms. He came to Ringgold County, Iowa, with his parents in 1856, where he followed farming till i860. In that year he crossed the plains to Colorado, remaining there two years, when he went to California, where he was en- gaged in freighting and dealing in hay till 1866, when he returned to'Ringgold Coun- ty, Iowa, and soon after purchased the old homestead of his parents. He was married in March, 1868, to Miss Sarah M. Lewis, a native of the State of New York, and a daughter of Nelson Lewis, of Ringgold County. They are the parents of six children— Myra L., Mary E., William F., Oliver H., Theressa J. and Coletta, all of whom have received good educational ad- vantages. Mr. Chance has met with suc- cess in his agricultural pursuits since making his home in Ringgold Count}-, and is now the owner of a fine farm containing 240 acres, all under fence and highly culti- vated. In connection with his general farming he devotes considerable attention to the raising of stock, making a specialty of thorough-bred cattle. Mr. Chance has never aspired for official positions, but was elected and served as township trustee of Washington Township for four years, with credit to himself and his constituents, when he resigned, and has since devoted his time to the duties of his farm. l?t AY DUNNING, cashier of the Citi- I zens' Bank, at Mt. Ayr, is a native of •t;?^ Cass County, Michigan, born Oc- tober 15, 1849, ^ son of Barton B. and S. L. (Styles) Dunning, tlie father born in Erie County, New York, April 3, 1808, and the mother a native of Massachusetts. They were married in Indiana, and to them »■>"« >;>:*■♦' :•♦::♦; »::♦: »::♦: »::« [»;:« K»: !»::♦: !«:♦: »:»: !«-::« »>: »:»: »::♦: (»::♦: !»"♦: !»::♦: !»::♦: W-, !»:;♦: f»::« »:»: »:;♦: !»::« !»:;♦: »;;« »:;« Wff. [»::♦: »:;♦: >«:♦: »"♦: »>: HH [»::♦: : *::♦: »::♦: »:»> *:»: c« »::♦: c« »>: »:;« »::♦: »:;♦: >::♦: »::♦: »::♦: ♦•?j »"♦: »:;♦: »::♦: »;:♦: ♦;:♦; »::♦: *::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »;:«: »::♦: ♦:•♦: *:;♦: ♦:;♦; ♦::♦: »>: Kit »>: ^♦: »::♦: ♦:;♦: ♦::♦ ♦::♦: S^ !»::♦: :♦.:*:♦::♦; •»;>;:♦;:♦; *l: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: >:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦;;♦; :«;>: :♦;:«': ?»;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::* :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::* >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;* >::♦; »: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: !»~* :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: ^* :♦;:♦: »;:« :♦::•« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::•« :♦:•« !»::♦: »::« :■»;.« mn :♦::•« :♦;:« :♦:■« :♦.:* :♦:;♦: »::« »::♦: »:'« »::♦: >;:♦: »;:« »::♦: »::« >:>: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::••! :♦':« ».:♦; »;;•« :♦;:« »::♦: »::« :♦::♦: »;:« »:;« »::♦: »:;♦: »:»: »::♦: :«:♦: :♦>: >::« »::♦: »::« :♦:;« !»::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »"♦: *■;♦; ■>;:♦;>:: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 259 were born four sons — Walter, Frank, Day and Charles B., of whom Charles B. is de- ceased. Barton B. Diinninpf, father of our subject, passed his youth in his native State, where he was reared to agricultural pur- suits, and when a young man he went with his parents to Michigan, where he improved a large farm. He learned the cooper's trade, which he followed in Michigan, and subsequently removed his business to Chi- cago, Illinois, where he engaged in the manufacture of barrels. He was one of the earl}' settlers of Ringgold County, bringing his family here in the spring of 1855, before Mt. Ayr was laid out. He was the first merchant in Mt. Ayr, bring- ing his first g)ods from Iveokuk, Jowa, and in connection with his mercantile busi- ness he dealt in real estate and carried on farminsr and stock raising:. He was one of the most active and enterprising citizens of Mt. Ayr, and was one who helped to give the town an early impetus He died in Mt. Ayr in 1877. His widow still sur- vives. Day Dunning, whose name heads this sketch, was quite young when he was brought by his parents to Mt. A)'r, and there he was reared, receiving his educa- tion in the schools of Mt. Ayr. At the age of eighteen he began farming and dealing in stock under the direction of his father, and later left the farm and engaged in the mercantile business, in partnership with Andrew Ingram, with whom he was as- sociated under the firm name of Ingram tS: Dimning for five years, wiicn they dis- posed of their business. Mr. Dunning was married in 1870 to Miss Paroda Keller, a daughter of I. W. Keller, and to this union have been born eight children. In the fall of 1880, after the death of his brother, Charles B. Dunning, who iiad organized the Citizens' Bank at Mt. Ayr, in June, 1880, Day Dunning took charge of the business, and soon after became sole proprietor and cashier, and has since been doing a general banking business. Mr. Dunning has served some time as city councilman, and is also a member of the School Board. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of whicli he has been trustee and steward for many years. W,J,.^ L. BONII AM, an enterprising citizen I \/j? Ringgold County, engaged in the ^^® lumber business at Goshen, is a son of S. H. and Susan Bonham, who were natives of Oiiio, but for forty-seven years have made their home in Iowa. L. L. Bon- ham was born in the State of Iowa, April 29, 1842, a native of Mahaska Count)-. He was reared on iiis father's farm, receiving a common-school education in the schools of his neighborhood. At the age of twenty years he enlisted in the service of his coun- try in Company I, Twenty-second Iowa Infantry, and participated in the siege of Vicksburg. After being in the service three )'ears he was mustered out and re- ceived his final discharge at Davenport, Iowa. He then returned to his home in Iowa, and April 26, 1866, was married to Mary E. Welsh, a daughter of Henrj' and Laura (Walker) Welsh, who were natives of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Bonham isa native of Iowa, born December 22, 1844. To Mr. and Mrs. Boniiam have been born nine children — Irvin W. was born March 22, 1867, and died April 5, 1885 I Fi'cd H. was born December 14, 1868 ; J. M., born May 25, 1870; Florence, born March 25, 1872; Laura, born October 25, 1874; Leroy, born March 27, 1877 ; Novella, born January 21, 1879; Carrie, born July i, 1883, and Eddie, born March 2, 1885. After his return from the war, Mr. Bonham engaged in farming in his native county, which he followed until 1868. He then removed with his family to Clarke County, thence to . Ringgold County in 1S82, when he estab- >;.»>;>>>:;*;>;:c*:>;>;>;:c*;>;>>:>;;*;:t;ct»*>>>;**>:*>:>;:*^ • ,■♦;:♦:♦: :♦:♦; :♦:» ;•••>: :♦.:«! :'»:;4>: :♦"♦: :♦::* !♦:!* »: m :♦::♦: ♦■♦ >::♦: >::♦: »::♦; k>: »::« *::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: >!>: »::♦: »>: >::♦: }»::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::« ;♦::♦; »::♦: »::« »::♦: !»::♦: »::♦; !»>. :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »>: »>: »;:♦: s«>: »::♦: »::♦: 5»:»: »::« »::♦: {»;:« »::♦: !»::♦: »::« stir* !«:« »~« »:;« !»>: <»:;'*! !*;:« ;♦:»: :■»::♦: :♦::•« >"♦: v.v. :♦::♦: > o: ..♦; 260 m PA ♦♦ :♦:♦: 'M ♦♦ ^« ♦♦ i :♦::♦: :♦:«! *«♦: »«* ♦♦ H^ *H :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: >::♦: >;>^ :♦::♦: Kft ?¥t H*« »!:« »;»: :♦:♦; i :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: i :: :♦!>: »::♦: »>: ;♦;•♦< »:»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦::♦; »;:♦;■* lished his present business, and is one of the leading lumber merchants of the coun- ty. In his political views he affiliates with the Greenback part}'. He belongs to the Odd Fellows order, being a charter mem- ber of Lodge No. 53, at Goshen. He also belongs to the Good Templars order at Goshen, and is a comrade of James Con- nelly Post, No. 285, G. A. R. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bonham are members of the Christian church. d«DO>^ rnOMAS M. HALL, an old and hon- ored pioneer of Ringgold County, was born in Iradel County, North Carolina, September 8, 1828, a son of Stuart and Rebecca Hall. When he was three years of age he was taken by his parents to Jackson County, Indiana, and there he grew to manhood. His youth was spent in working on the home farm, and in his spare time he attended the district schools, where he received but the rudiments of an education. In 1853 he was married to Mary Ann Guthrie, a daughter of Samuel and Thirza Guthrie, and to this union were born five children — Mrs.Theadocia Morrill, of Redding, Ringgold County; Samuel S., living in Benton Township ; Theora Ann, deceased wife of I. N. Long; Thirza Ann, deceased ; Rebecca J., wife of Thomas J. Jones, of Benton Township. Mrs. Hall died February 7, 1868, and Mr. Hall was again married, September 28, i87i,to Miss Mary E. GoUiday, a native of Indiana. When an infant she was taken by her par- ents, John and Dicy GoUiday, to Green County, Wisconsin, where she was reared. Her parents subsequently settled in Taylor County, Iowa, where her father died. Her mother is still a resident of that county. To the second union were born four chil- dren, of whom two only are living — Jessie and Dicy May. John T. and Nina both ;♦::«! :♦::« HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. %^ :♦;:« ;♦::« :♦::« ;♦:;« :♦::« :♦::« »:;«! :♦::« :♦"« :«k :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦:•« :«:« :♦::« :<« :♦"« :♦:!« :«!« :♦::« ;«k :♦::* k:« :♦"« vJ^ :♦:'« ;♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::« >ik :♦:« :♦:!« :♦"« :♦"« k« «k k« :♦"« k« k« :♦!!•« ♦;;* :♦:.♦: W died at the age of one year. But few fam- ilies lived within the limits of Ringgold County when Mr. Hall came, he having settled on his present farm, on section 6, Rice Township, in November, 1855, and he has witnessed the growth and develop- ment of the county, and noted the changes year byyear with great interest. Although he has met with severe reverses, mainly by lending iiis name to secure other men's in- debtedness, he has still a good, comfort- able home and sufficient means to keep his family in comfortable circumstances. He is a man much respected throughout the county, and his many manly qualities have endeared him to all who know him. He is a member of the Christian church. Mrs. Hall is a member of the Methodist Episco- pal church. -j»t;>»-j»i^S'^«f-'"tf5mRS. ELIZABETH F. BROWN, V / \/!\l; dauarhter of Benjamin and Mar- '"^^i^^ garet (Kendall)Gibboney, and sister of Francis E. Gibboney, of Riley Town- ship, was born in Bedford County, Penn- sylvania, March i8, 1822. Two years later her parents settled in Licking County, Ohio. She was married March 25, 1840, to Nicholas T. Brown, who was born in Boone County, Kentucky, January 6, 1820. They commenced their early life in Ohio, but later became early settlers of Louisa County, Iowa, where the energy and talent of Mr. Brown soon placed him among the foremost of its citizens. He was promi- nent in political, social and business circles, and lived a life of great usefulness. He was elected by the Republican party to repre- sent his district in the State Legislature, and died at Dcs Momes, April i, 1866, dur- ing the session. He left his widow greatly bereaved, with a family of eight children — Basil, now of Decatur County ; Mrs. Margaret Skinner, of Ringgold County ; IS k« k« ;♦:;« 1^ :♦-♦: :*:;♦: :«:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦:!* »:;♦>: »::♦: :♦::«': »::♦: !»::♦: »::♦: »::♦: !»;:♦; »::♦: !•;;♦: »:k »>; »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: !»::♦: »::♦: »::« :♦::♦: »::♦: »;:♦: !»::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: »:»: »::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: *;:♦: »::«: <•::« »::♦: .<»::*: !»:<»: .<»:<»: »::♦: !»::♦: :♦:.♦: •»:*; :♦::♦: ;«:;♦: <»>: »::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: »::« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»;:♦: >::« :♦::*: :♦:;♦: *i« :*:'♦: ;♦:»: »: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:!»: ;♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:'!»: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :«:;♦: i^* m :♦:.♦: :♦"♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦: :♦;■»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: *:♦: ♦::♦: :♦::♦::♦: ;♦;:♦:>: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 261 William H., of Ruth County, Nebraska ; John N., of I^iley Township; Asa W., of Vigo Count}-, Indiana ; George L., of Butte County, California ; Oscar and Joseph A., of Mono Count3% California. John N. was the eldest child at home, and after the death of the father he took charge of his mother's property. In 1869 he came to Ringgold County and bought a home on section 10, Riley Township, where they lived together until after his marriage, when he made a separate home for himself. Mrs. Brown's homestead contains eighty acres of good land, and in addition to this she owns twenty-two acres of timber land. John N. Brown was married April 21, 1872, to Mary E. Moulton, and has six children — Edgar A., Perr}^ ()., Lenora, Ora O., Ertie Belle and Jacob. He owns a fine farm of 565 acres, and is one of the active business men of the township. He is a leading member of the Christian church. ^-=3-^«^"e*-^^ fAMUEL BAILEY, M. D., located in Mt. Ayr, Iowa, in March, 1879, ^"^ has built up a good practice, having gained the confidence and esteem of his patrons and brethren in the profession. He is a native of Rock Island County, Illinois, born September i, 1851, a son of James and Anna (Blakely) Bailey, natives of Ire- land, who came to America in their youth, and were married in Rock Island. His father died when he was an infant three months old, and he was reared by his widowed mother, and was given the bene- fit of a good education. He began the study of medicine with Dr. J. H. Seyler, of Preemption, Mercer County, Illinois, and subsequently entered Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, from which he graduated in February, 1879, ^"d immedi- ately after his graduation located in Mt. Ayr, where, for seven years, he has been identified with all tliat pertains to the social and material development of the place. In 1882 he was elected coroner of Ringgold County, and has held the office since by re- election. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, lodge and chapter, and also of the lodge and encampment of the Odd Fel- lows order. He is a member of the Epis- copal church, being confirmed by Bishop Lee, in 1866. ^r D. CARTER, proprietor of Platte Jll Valle}' stock farm, resides on section s^'^ 27, Benton Township. Perhaps no name among the pioneers of Ringgold County is more familiar to the early set- tlers than is that of Mr. Carter, who has been identified with its interests for more than thirty 3'ears. He was born in Ross County, Ohio, December 21, 1824. His father, Thomas Carter, was a native of Loudoun County, Virginia, and his mother, Harriet (Davis) Carter, was a native of Ohio. They were married in Ohio, and reared a family of eight children, five sons and three daughters. Our subject was the second child. When he was five years old his parents removed to Tippecanoe Count}-, Indiana. He was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools. In 1843 the family removed to the then Territory of Iowa, locating in Jefferson County, where they resided about two years, and in 18415 re- moved to Wapello County and settled upon land known as the Black Hawk Purchase. In i843-'4 Ml"' Carter assisted on the Gov- ernment farm at Des Moines, under John S. Scott, Government contractor, and helped to break the land and raise corn where East Des Moines now stands. After this he took a c]aim in Wapello County, which he improved and cultivated. June 3, 1845, he was united in marriage with Miss Pris- cilla Clinton, a native of Carroll County, :«:>;:♦:;« :♦;:« :♦::« »:;« ;♦:;« »"« %:« »:$ KM kw KM KW »"« »3i »!S m K3K k!« !«« :«»! KM sell! m. »::« :♦-« :«»: »>: :♦!!♦: :c« :<»::♦: :«.« :♦::♦: W4. m >:;♦: :♦;:♦: .<»"♦: :♦:!•>: ;♦:;»: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦* >>: »"♦: :♦>: »::♦: »>: :«:♦: >::«: »::♦: >:;*;*»3k;««»>"*:«:c*>::*::*::*"«:c^^ *>jk*»«^«»>>>»c«;c*»;:*;»;;c*;;«:«;*:c*;:*::*;>;»:;«i»;;*^^^^ mi. :♦:;♦: ;♦:>: :«::♦: >::♦: k:« f.A :♦"«& !»:;♦: :♦:.♦: :«"♦: :♦>; :♦::« :♦::♦: >:;♦: >;:♦: ;♦;*; :«::♦: :*:♦::♦:;♦: so: :«:«: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:'!« :♦::♦: :«:«■: :♦;;•« !»::♦: !»::«■: :♦::♦: :♦::« >::♦: »::« :♦::♦: !»:;« :♦::« :♦:;« »::♦: »::♦: :♦::■« :♦::•« ;♦:;« ;♦•*■ >::« :♦:;« :♦:•« :♦::•« :♦::« ;♦"« :♦::•« >:;« >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦:;«! >::♦: :«;« ;♦::♦: :c« »::♦: :♦:;♦: »;:« k« ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: >;:* >::♦: >::♦: ;'»:;'»^ :♦:.♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >:!« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;«; :♦;:♦: ;♦:;« :♦::♦: ♦;;^ :♦::♦: >:% :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :-*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦;:*• >::♦' !*« :♦;:♦: ♦♦ '♦;:♦: '*;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;♦: ;■♦;♦: 263 HISTOnr OF RINGGOLD CO U NTT. Ohio, and daughter of John and Sarah Clinton, who came to Iowa in 1843. -^I'"- Carter resided in Wapello County and at- tended to his farm duties until the first news of g-old being found in California was received, when he joined the first company that started for that golden shore, leaving a wife and two children at home to await his return. They started in April, 1849, with ox teams, arriving in September of the same year. He at once engaged in mining, meeting with good success in gathering the golden ore, and a year later he returned to his home in Fairfield. He was the first Californian to return. In 1855 he removed to Ringgold County, entering a portion of his land in June of that same year, and set- tled upon it in the fall. His first dwelling was a log cabin, 16 x 18 feet, and it consti- tuted kitchen, dining room, parlor and sleeping rooms. In the fall of 1859 '^^ '^"^'^ elected sheriff, and took the oath of office January i, 1866. He served creditably for two years. At the breaking out of the civil war he was one to go forth in defense of union and liberty. He en- listed August 9, 1862, in Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry. He par- ticipated in the engagement at Helena, Arkansas, and was with General Steele's division in the Red River expedition ; was at the battle of Saline, where his horse was shot from under him ; was at the taking of Mobile, Blakeley, and the Spanish Forts, where the regiment lost heavily ; was at Whistler, the last engagement of the war. His regiment was in twenty-nine hard- fought battles. He was honorabl}- dis- charged in August, 1865, and returned to his home to resume his duties upon his farm. Platte Valley farm contains 400 acres of as rich land as can be found in the county. Mr. Carter is making a spe- cialty of fine stock, and owns, in company with three others, one of the best regis- tered Norman horses in Southern Iowa ; also some thorough-bred short horns. On this farm can be seen some of the best horses and cattle in Ringgold County. His residence is a fine two-story building, mod- ern style and well furnished, and buildings for stock, orchard, etc. Politically Mr. Carter is a Republican, and has always been one of the " wheel-horses " ever since coming to the county. He served as a member of the Board of Supervisoi's four years, and justice of the peace eight or ten years. Mr. and Mrs. Carter are the parents of six children— John T., Day, Harriet Ellen, Mary L., Eliza and Priscilla. Jane and Sarah are deceased. Mrs. Carter died in 1882, and in January, 1883, he was married to Mrs. Phebe Martin, a sister of his former wife. Mr. Carter has won many friends, and no man in the county stands higher politically or socially. fOHN DICKSON, one of the leading farmers of Ringgold County, and a pioneer settler of Union Township, where he still resides, on section 34, was born in Crawford County, Ohio, Novem- ber 19, 1827, a son of George and Agnes Dickson, who are both deceased. Our sub- ject was brought up on the home farm, re- maining with his parents till twenty-eight years of age. He came to Iowa in Septem- ber, 1856, and the following month pur- chased 160 acres of land on section 34, Union Township, Ringgold County. The following spring he began improving his land, breaking up and fencing forty acres, and in 1858 he built a one-story house, 14 X 26 feet in size, which was the second frame house in the township. He rented his house to a family with whom he lived till his marriage, and rented part of his farm. He was united in marriage August 24, 1871, to Miss Frances Chew, a native of Indiana, born in 185 1, a daughter of :♦:♦; >;:♦::♦ ;:♦;:♦"« ;♦;:♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::*' :♦::« %:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::« :♦:;« »;;« :♦::« :♦::♦: .!»:;♦: :♦:;♦: V.'ff. »:>: .^"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: !»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦;>: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: *:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; »:!♦: »:<« »::♦: >;:♦; ;♦:;♦; >::♦: !»::♦: >:»: ;♦:;♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: !*::♦: >;:♦: :♦;;♦: :«::♦: >::♦: !♦::♦: »;:♦: W; Wi ;♦"♦: ;♦"♦: »;:♦: W', :♦::♦: W-, :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦:;♦: !•■:♦: h* Wi W\ k,»: fCff. »:;♦: :♦;:♦; >::«: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦' :♦::♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 363 :♦::« :♦::« :♦»« :♦;:« »;:< :♦;;« :♦;:« »::<* »::« :♦::« ;♦::« »::■♦ :♦::♦ :«:« :«♦ :♦::♦ :«* :♦::« ;♦::« ;«:« »::♦! »:;« :♦:;« :♦:;«) :♦::« »::« »;:♦; :♦;:♦:.♦: as**: Richard A. Chew, an early settler of Clarke County, Iowa, who settled in Doyle Township, that county, in 1S54. To Mr. and Mrs. Dickson have been born three children— Jennie, Opal and George. In politics Mr. Dickson votes the Democratic ticket. He is widely known throughout Ringgold County, and ranks among its best agriculturists. Quiet in manner, un- assuming, industrious and strictly honor- able in all his dealings, he has gained the confidence of all with whom he has busi- ness or social intercourse. In 1880 the father of Mr. Dickson visited him in Ring- gold County, and died at the residence of his daughter, Margaret Walters, near Mount Ayr, August 28 of that year, in his eightieth year. The motiier's death oc- curred some two years before that of her husband. •'>44feC/t&^*— 1/| a— ..^^.atOTrauvi - -'LLIAM A. HARVEY was born in ■; \ ' J I^icking County, Ohio, near New- l^^H ark, July 12, 1826, the third child of James and Mary A. (Billingsley) Harvey, the father a native of Maryland, and the mother of Licking Count3% Ohio. When he was two vears old he was taken by his parents to Tazewell County, Illinois, and there he grew to manhood on a farm, his father being a farmer by occupation. In his 3-outh he attended the common schools of Tazewell County, and later spent two years at the Rock River Universit)', in Ogle County, Illinois, having previously taught school for two terms to defray his ex- penses while at that institution, and after completing his education he followed the teacher's profession for a time. He was associated with Henry Miller & Co., of Columbus, Ohio, for four years, after which he located in Peoria, Illinois, and engaged in the dairy business. Later he engaged in the grocery business, after which he began dealing in marble, and later dealt in osage orange trees. He came to Iowa, and in 1867 settled in Mahaska Count}', where he remained till the spring of 1870, since which he has been a resident of Ringgold County. His farm is located on section 19, Washington Township, where he has 280 acres of choice land, all under fence and well improved, Mr. Harvey having changed his farm from raw prairie to well-cultivated fields. In connection with his general farming he devoted considerable attention to stock-raising, making a specialty of hogs, in which he is meeting with success. Mr. Harve}^ was married in February, 1856, to Miss V. E. Erkenbrack, a native of the State of New York, but at the time of her mar- riage a resident of Ogle County, Illinois. To this union have been born three chil- dren — Frank S., living in Jasper County, Iowa ; Jennie E., married Herbert W. Marsh, who is now deceased; and Ray E., at home. Mr. Harvey has held the office of justice of the peace four years, and is still holding that office. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church for forty -two years, and has been steward of his church for many 3'ears. INIrs. Har- ve}' is a member of the same denomination. Mr. Harvey commenced life on his own ac- count, entirely without means, and has by his own efforts accumulated his present fine property, becoming one of the prominent men of his township, and is a much-respect- ed citizen. In politics he was formerly an old-line Whig, but has been a Re- publican since the organization of that part}', casting his first Presidential vote for Zachary Taylor. Mr. Harvey's grand- father, William Harvey, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. His father served in the war of 1812, and in the Black Hawk war. The father settled in Licking Coun- ty, Ohio, as early as 1813. He was twice married, taking for his first wife Nancy Miller, by whom he had five children, two »"♦">; :♦::* :♦;;♦; :♦;>; 'm >::♦: :♦::♦! >:;♦! :♦::♦! :♦:« :♦::« :♦::♦: »' ^?\ »; :♦::« ♦■5 :♦::♦! :♦::« »::« 'AM »::« :♦::* :«:♦; :♦::♦: >"♦; »: >::♦; :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: »; :♦>: >::♦; :♦::« :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦"'•! :•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::* k;« »: :♦::« >::♦: :♦::♦: !«;♦: ♦-*^ :♦::« »::« »::♦: •M'M :♦:;♦: »::« »::•« »;:■« :♦::♦) m :♦::« :♦::« s»::«i »::« :♦::♦! «:♦; KM ^ s»;:«i !»::«> :♦::« :♦:•« :♦::•« »"« :♦;:« ;♦:;« »:♦! :♦::« ;♦::♦; {♦:•« !♦::•! :♦;»: !♦::♦>: :♦::♦::♦:: :♦:<»: ;♦::♦: »::♦: !»>: !»:»: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: »::« :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »»: »::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: »::♦: »:;« »:»: »::♦: :♦:»: »::♦: »::♦: »:»: »::« »:<»: *:;♦: »>: »::♦: »:;♦: »::« »::♦: <«:♦: »:;♦: ;♦::♦: »>: :♦::♦: »>: :♦::♦: »:;♦: »::♦: :«s£ »;:♦: *<;♦< ;♦::* :♦::♦: »::«■: .♦"♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: »>: »:'!»: »::♦: !•>::♦: .♦::♦: :♦>: »::♦: !»"♦: »::♦: »::<»: »:;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :c« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:!»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»"<»: »: »::♦: :♦::♦; !♦::♦: :♦:•»::♦: :♦;>;>; :c»:ictaataia»afc'jrit>::c*:ifc~^:c»:»:»r»::^^ 264 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. sonsand three daughters. By his marriage with Mary A. Billingsley he had eleven children, of whom ten grew to maturity, eight still living, our subject being the sec- ond son of this union. The parents of our subject moved to Tazewell County, Illi- nois, in 1828, where they made their home till their death. APTAIN ANDREW JOHNSTON, one of the principal stock-breeders of Ringgold County, is a native of Jef- ferson County, Ohio, born Februar}- 11, 1829. His parents were Michael and Jane (Nixon) Johnston, his father born at Ship- pensburg, Pennsylvania, and his mother near Steubenville, Ohio. They located in Jefferson County after their marriage, and when he was about ten years old the}' moved to Holmes Count3^ where they lived fifteen years, and then went to Knox County, and from there to Richland County, where the father died, aged sixty- seven years. The mother is still living, now making her home in Ringgold County, where she has lived since 1876. Their family consisted of ten children, eight of whom are living, Andrew being the eld- est. He was given a good education, attend- ing some time the Wooster Academy, and also was a student of Ohio Wesleyan Uni- versity, at Delaware. His youth, when not in school, was spent in assisting his father on the farm, and in teaching school, remaining at home until manhood. He was married in Knox County, Ohio, June 10, 1855, to Phoebe Rush, a native of that county. In September of the same year they came to Iowa, and lived in Muscatine County the following winter, and in the spring of 1856 located in Ringgold County, entering eighty acres of his present farm in Liberty Township, from the Govern- ment. He built a house of round logs 16 X 18 feet in dimensions, in which he lived until able to have a better one. He went to work to improve his land, doing the best he could with his limited means, and by perseverance was successful, and now owns 410 acres, which is well adapted to his present business of stock-breeding. For some time he engaged in general farm- ing, and then began dealing in sheep on a small scale. He gradually increased his stock until he had 700 head, herding them on the prairie. At that time prairie wolves were troublesome, and he had no small difficulty in protecting his sheep from their ravages. After engaging in that industry about fifteen years he disposed of his sheep and turned his attention to short-horn cat- tle. He purchased his first stock of cattle in 1866, of one of the principal stockmen of Iowa, Tim Day, and later bought of others. He now has over fifty thorough- bred cattle on his farm, all eligible to registry. Some of them are of fine fami- lies. Young Mary being his favorite. He also has a number of very fine grade horses of the Percheron and Clydesdale draught breed, and has been very successful in the various branches of stock-raising, and has gained a wide reputation, extending beyond the limits of his own county. In 1862 Captain Johnston enlisted in the de- fense of his country, and was assigned to Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry. He was subsequently promoted to Lieu- tenant, and then to Captain of his company. He participated in the battle at Helena, Arkansas, July 4, 1863, and the capture of Little Rock. Was with General Steele on his Camden expedition, and took part in the battle of Saline River, the siege of Mo- bile, Alabama, and thence to the Rio Grande on the borders of Mexico. On account of sickness of the Colonel he commanded his regiment during the last month of service. From there went to New Orleans, where he was mustered out in August, 1865. He :♦:♦:♦::«£ :♦::♦: ♦'♦ *?^ KM ♦H ;♦"♦; :♦>: >>>>>>>>>::cc*:c»;>;:cccc»:;c»:;ccc<:cccc*:ccccc*:C'fc*;* ♦«*, m %:♦, !»::♦: :♦!:« 'm m :♦::« »>; :♦;:♦ ♦::♦ :♦::♦ *« :♦:* :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦;« :♦;:♦: :♦::« ♦* :«::« :♦::« :♦;:♦; :♦::« »::« »::« »::« :♦"'« »:.« »::« :«;:<«! »~« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::« :«::♦: :♦::'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦::♦: ♦:♦:♦..♦; :♦::♦;:♦::♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 267 was wounded twice, but not severely, never being obliged to leave his regiment. Since returning home he has served his county and township in several official capacities, and has made an efficient and capable public officer, devoting the same- care and attention to his duties that char- acterized his life as a soldier. He has served one term as county superintendent of schools, and two terms. Fourteenth and Fifteenth General Assembly, in the State Legislature. Has served three terms as a member of the Board of Supervisors, being at the present writing a member of the Board. His family has been four children, three of whom are living — Sophronia, Hat- tie, wife of Joseph At wood, and Foe. A son, Ray, died in eari}^ childhood. The wife, Phoebe, after nearly thirty-one years of married life, died suddenly, from paraly- sis, April 17, 1886; thus ending the his- tory of this Johnston family, as a united family amongs us. The Captain says that whatever of popularity and character as a soldier and citizen he may have acquired, he must attribute a very large portion of his success to his wife, who in courage and industry, as also in many of the finer quali- ties, he has always regarded as more than his equal. " Without her I have no his- tory." WILLIAM D. FOUSER, son of Ja- cob and Sarah Fouser, was born in Summit County, Ohio, April 14, 1845, where he spent his childhood. In his tenth year he was taken by his parents to Will County, Illinois, who lived in that county till their death. William D. was reared to agricultural pursuits and has al- ways followed that avocation. Me grew to manhood in Will County and was there married June 8, 1866, to Miss Mary M. En- gle, who was born in Napcrvillc, Illinois, a daughter of John and Isabell Engle. To Mr. and Mrs. Fouser have been born six children— Mabel C, John E., Sarah Bell, Ernest S., Fred and Lizzie May. Mr. Fou- ser followed farmmg in Plainfield Town- ship, Will County, until he came to Ring- gold County, Iowa, and made his present residence on section 28, Union Township, his home. He came with his brother John C, who is his nearest neighbor west, in 1876, when each bought a tract of land, and the following years settled here with their families. Mr. Fouser has brought his land from a tract of raw prairie to a well-culti- vated farm containing 160 acres. His farm is one ot the best in his part of Ringgold County and his residence and farm build- ings are noticeably good. He has planted a large number of shade and fruit trees, and the entire surroundings show the care and thrift of the owner. Both Mr. and Mrs. Fouser are members of the Evangelical church at Wirt. In his political views Mr. Fouser affiliates with the Republican party. HARLES W. RAPP, a farmer of Jef- ferson Township, living on section 1 1, was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1838. His father, Enos Rapp, was a native of Baden, Germany, and came to the United States in 1832, settling in the State of Pennsyl- vania. He removed to Madison County with his family in 1840, and in that county our subject was reared on a farm, and edu- cated in the common schools. Charles W. Rapp entered the employ of the Pan- Handle Railroad Company, where he be- gan to learn telegraph construction. He held various positions during the eight years he remained with that company, be- ing yard master when he left their employ. He located in Oskaloosa, Iowa, in 1857, re- maining there till he enlisted in the late war in Company H, Third Iowa Infantry. He participated in a number of engage- .♦>: :♦::♦• :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦:>; :♦::♦: >■>: :♦;;♦; >>: :♦:>; :♦>: >;>: :♦;:♦; :♦;>: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦.:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦■ :♦::« :♦:;♦; »::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >::« !»::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«■ :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::* :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«; :♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦>; »::«;»::*;*"«;*:«»>r*)»>>>>:!i?:ccc*::«:c«:* >.♦: m :♦::♦; m m m :«:♦: :♦:;«! :♦;:« ^^ »:* m KM KM WM I KM Wi ■MM MM M.M :«;:♦; 368 HISTORT OF RI^GGOLD COUNTY. ments, and after serving his country about a year he was discharged, in 1862, on ac- count of disability, and now draws a pen- sion of $9 a month. After his discharge he returned to Ohio, and was there married April 19, 1865, to Miss Mary J. Robin- son, a daughter of the late A. P. Robin- son. Of the live children born to this union four are living — Almeda, Ecigar, Flora and Arthur. Mrs. Rapp died Sep- tember 2, 1880. Mr. Rapp went to Seward County, Nebraska, in 1874. and in 1876 came to Ringgold County, Iowa, when he settled on the farm where he has since been engaged in farming and stock-iaising. He has met with success in his farming pursuits, and is now the owner of a fine farm containing 200 acres. He is a mem- ber of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders, having been a member of Coving- ton Lodge, No. 168, A. F. & A. M., and Piqua Lodge, No. 8, I. O. O. F., both in Ohio. lEORGE H. TEALE, an enterprising farmer of Riley Township, Ringgold County, residing on section 24, was born in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, Februar}' 19, 1846. When he was an in- fant his parents, Frederick and Diana C. Tcale, removed to Cuyalu)ga County, Ohio, and in 1855 settled in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, and there our subject grew to manhood. He has cared for him- self from the age of fourteen years, thus, early in life, learning lessons of industry and self-reliance which have been of bene- fit to him in later years. August g, 1862, although but sixteen years of age, Mr. Teale volunteered in defense of the Na- tion's honor, enlisting in Company E, Ninety-sixth Illinois Infantry. His regi- ment was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland, and the first battle in which he participated was at Chickamauga where he was wounded in the left arm, thus dis- abling him from active duty for five months. In the campaign against Atlanta May 9, 1864, he was wounded in the right leg at the battle of Rocky Face Ridge, a severe and d;ingerous wound which laid him up for one year. He rejoined his regiment at Nashville, just before it was musteretl out, and lor his services to his country he now receives a pension. In 1867 he went to Colorado, remaining there, with the exception of one year spent far- ther West, till the fall of 1872, when he re- turned to Illinois, and four months later, in February, 1873, he came to Decatur Coun- ty, where his brothers, Frederick, James, Thomas, Albert and Eugene were living. He was married in Decatur County No- vember 22, 1875, to Miss Mary E. HoUcn, who was born in Jefferson County, Iowa, November 22, 1856, a daughter of J. N. HoUen, who died in Fayette Township, Decatur County, in February, 1880. Her mother, Mrs. Nancy A. lloUen, still re- sides on her homestead in that township. Mr. and Mrs. Teale have four children — Fannie A., born June 2, 1878; Maggie E., born November 15, 1879; Crcorge W., born September 17, 1881, and Albert J., born November 16, 1883. Mrs. Teale is a mem- ber of the United Brethren church. Mr. Teale was a member of the same church seven years, but at present is coimected with the Methodist Episcopal church. In his political views Mr. Teale is a Republi- can. M. MERRY MAN, farmer and vet- erinary surgeon, residing on section »<* 29, Grant Township, is a native of Illinois, born January i, 1837, a son of William and Ncomia Merryman, who were natives of the State of Ohio. A. M. Merryman, our subject, was early in life inured to hard work, beginning to '.MM. :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; m:m. >::♦: :♦;>: >:;♦; (♦:♦; MM. 'm:m. 'm:m. >;:♦: >::♦: *;♦; >:;♦; m:m. m:m. m:m. >:;♦; >:;♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;;♦; :♦.;♦: :♦::♦: m:m. >::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: m:m. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: W: M.M. 'MM. 'M.M MM. MM MM :♦:>: :♦:;♦: MM 'M'M :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'M.M 'MM 'M.M 'MM 'M.M 'MM. MM »::♦: 'MM !»::«: 'MM M.M. 'MM MM »:♦: >::♦: 'MM MM 'M.M MM 'MM. 'MM MM. 'MM :♦:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'MM 'MM MM 'M.M 'MM :«:'♦: :«:♦: »;;♦: >..♦. ♦ .♦..♦..♦,.♦.:♦:♦::♦,.♦.♦:,♦..♦_♦;.♦:,♦:.♦:>.:♦„♦..♦„♦:.♦,♦.♦..♦:.♦ .♦..♦..♦,♦:♦..♦:.♦..♦;,♦:.♦.♦ *.♦ ♦ ♦' ♦•.♦•♦:♦■.♦.♦:♦.♦:.♦: * ♦ .♦ .♦:♦: ♦,!♦:.♦;.♦..♦ .♦ .♦ ,♦:.♦. ♦..^♦..♦..♦..♦..♦:.fJtA.*.»_*, ir* :«..*: :♦.:♦; :♦::♦: :«♦: »: ;♦::♦: ;*:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;•! :♦:♦; .<•.»: :♦::♦; :♦::« >:♦: !** :♦:♦: :«::«! :•:♦: !*♦; !»:'♦; ;*::♦: :♦::♦; ■»:'♦: :♦:♦> :♦>: ;*:♦: ;♦:♦; :♦:♦: :♦:♦; :♦:♦: :♦:♦; :♦;♦: ;♦:♦: :♦:♦: >::♦: •»:♦: ^ :♦:♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: >::♦! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦: :♦:•: !♦:♦! !•:♦; :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; '♦:♦: ;♦:;♦; >::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:*; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 2tili work by the month on a farm at the age of seven years which he continued (or seven years, after which he was engaged in breaking prairie for seven years. He was united in marriage to Miss Caroline E. West, a daughter of Isaac and Mary West, natives of Ohio, rnid to tliis union have been born five ciiildren — Ida, the eldest child, died aged sixteen years; George A., EInora J., Clara B., Elmer. Mr. Merryman was a soldier in the war of the f^ebcll- ion, enlisting in Company L, Eighth .Mis- souri Infantry, Shar|>-Shooters, in which he served three years. He took part in the battle of Fort Donelson, Bulls Run. .\t- lanta, Chattanooga, Knoxville, Lookout .Mountain and several other engagements of less importance, and received an honor- able discharge at St. Louis, Missouri, March i, 1864. He now belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic, being a comrade of the post at Clearfield, Iowa. .Mr. .Merryman came to Iowa in 1870 when he located in Wayne County, remaining there till 1877, since which he has resided on his present farm in (iraiit Township. He has been prosperous in his agricultural pursuits, and is now the owner of 320 acres of fine land, 160 acres being located on section 27, and the rest on section 29, where he resides. He is an industrious and enterprising citizen, and is much re- spected thrf)Ughout the community where he makes his home. fllARLES C. BOSWORTH was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, in De- cember, 1839, the third son of Daniel L. and Lydia (Ca.se) Bosworth, the father born in Oneida C(junty, New York, and the mother a native of Connecticut. Of six children b■♦; if* :♦..♦: m. ;♦:;♦: •»■'♦: .♦ ♦. !«:♦: !♦'♦! ;♦:♦: ;♦"♦: ♦:♦: !♦;♦: >'■*■ •♦.♦■♦'♦•«a rjo^j. 9jfxX!'H>.!(XXi>J>^, ,♦, .♦ .♦. .♦ ♦, .♦ • ,♦ ,♦ .♦ ,•, ,♦. .♦. 'i>. .♦;.♦. .♦. i». ■•, .♦ ,♦, .♦. .♦, .♦ * ,♦, ,♦ ,♦. .♦. .♦. • ,» • .• .♦, .♦. ,• .♦, » .» >" ' ■ ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: !♦::♦: :♦:>: ^* :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: »:>: »::'« s»:»: s^»: »::♦: >♦ :«:♦: '♦::♦; '.:♦: >;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: :♦:♦; :♦!:♦: :«:♦: /:♦!>: :*:♦: >::♦: >:>: »:;♦; »!:♦: :♦>: >;:♦; »;:♦: »::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦! :♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦!»: :♦;:♦: !«:♦: :♦;>; :♦;:♦: >:;♦; *'* :♦;:♦: :«>: »,:♦: :♦:♦: :♦!:♦: »::« »:»: :♦;:«; :«:♦; »!:♦: :♦::♦: s«:* »>; K>: !ii:«t %:♦: :♦<:♦; »>: ;«:♦: »;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«■;:♦: >:;♦: ■*"'♦; ♦: ■>; .'- :*: :»;.* :♦;:♦: 270 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. building. He has served his township as trustee, and has been school treasurer for sixteen years. He was elected and rep- resented Ringgold County in the Iowa State Legislature in the eighteenth and nineteenth sessions, in which he proved himself worthy of the support of his con- stituents. V. DAVIS, farmer, section 20, Athens Township, was born in Clinton County, Ohio, July 19 1835, son of John and Sarah (Scott) Davis, who had a family of seven children — John L., Vincent H., Elihu, Frederick, John, Nelson, and Martin V., the subject of this notice. When fifteen years of age he re- moved to Lafayette, Indiana, where he resided until he reached maturity. His youth was spent in assisting on the farm, and in getting his education in the com- mon schools. He was married December 4, 1 861, to Miss Sarah J. Armstrong, born in Sandusky County, Ohio, December 3, 1843, daughter of William and Leah (Shoop) Armstrong, natives of Pennsylva- nia, who had a family of nine children — Mar}' Ann, Henrj' E., Elizabeth, Susan, William, Jolui, Frances, Sarah J., and George W. During the late war iMr. Davis enlisted, August 12, 1862, in Company C, Seventy-second Indiana Infantry. He was in the battle of Chickamauga, Atlanta cam- paign with General Wilson's cavahy raid ; was on provost guard at Macon, Georgia, at the time Jeff Davis was captured. He was honorably discharged at Indianapolis, July 6, 1865, and returned home. In 1866 he removed to Jasper County, Iowa, where he resided until 1871, when he came to Athens Township, and purchased 120 acres of wild land, which is his present home. He has since added to his original pur- chase until he has a tarm of 420 acres, in a good state of cultivation. He has a good story-and-a-half residence surrounded with shade and ornamental trees, an orchard of one and a half acres, and a grove of about two acres. Everything about the farm shows the thrift of its owner. It is divided into ten fields besides feed lots. He is en- gaged in stock-raising, feeding, and dealing in stock. Mr. and Mrs. Davis have five children — Orville V., George N., John William, Charles E., and Daisy Snowfiake. Politically Mr. Davis is a Republican. He is a member of Ellis C. Miller Post. No. 96. G. A. R., Mount Ayr. He was a bound boy, and consequently commenced life without any means except strong and willing hands. B}- industry-, economy and good management he has acquired a good property, and is classed among the leading men of the county. Postoffice, Kcllerton, Ringgold County, Iowa. ■^>- — D#^ -=«* |EV. WILLIAM BROWN, the pioneer 5\tv minister of Eugene, Jefferson Town- ''^^^ ship, was born in Monmouth, War- ren County, Illinois, the date of his birth being December 2, 1836. His father. Prof. John Brown, was a native of Scotland, coming to America at the age of sixteen years. He acquired a fine education by his own exertions and became a successful teacher, following the teacher's profession till his death. Our subject was reared in his native tcjwn, and received good educa- tional advantages. He graduated from Monmouth College in 1865, and in 1868 graduated from the Theological College then at Monmouth, but since removed to Xenia, Ohio. He was married August 12, 1858, to Miss Sarah Ralston, a daughter of Andrew Ralston, and of the six children born to them five are living — Thomas L., mail agent between Council Bluffs and Kansas City ; Andrew R., a farmer of Jeffer- son Township ; Lillie, wife of Elza Ralston, '..•«i-*. :♦;:♦;>: :♦;>:>; :♦:♦; :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; >;>; >;:♦: :«•>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;>; :♦;:♦: >;>: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»: :«.:♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦; :♦:;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: ».:♦: :•»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦:. :♦;■*" »::♦: :♦;:'•: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:«': II ;«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;•••: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«"♦: :«:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: . .!»::♦: ■♦-:♦::♦: *:♦::♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 271 .♦;,♦: W- k>: >::♦: :♦:;♦: %v. %;«: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦:«': :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: ;♦:♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦:;♦: »::« ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; m ;♦::♦: <»::»: *::♦: :♦::♦: :•*;♦: #>: !^* y* :♦;♦: K* ^* .♦::«: »: 1^* >.* »:>: ;♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; .♦..♦: ?i* :<»:♦: !♦::«: *♦ ♦* ^* ♦■* ,♦::♦; !♦:>: ;♦::♦: .♦:♦; >:a ;♦;♦: h^ !*::♦: ;♦;:♦: ?*'; f*: ;♦::♦: ;♦;.♦; i^* !♦:>: ♦■:♦ .♦.;♦: a conductor on the St. Louis & San Fran- cisco Railroad between Ncodesha and Wichita; Carrie, a prominent teacher of Riniji^ohl County, and Winnifred J. Mr. Brown removed with lii^ family to Mount Ayr. Rin » ♦ ♦ » >♦ > ♦. .♦,♦, > ♦' ;♦>: > ♦. .♦ * !».♦: >> >♦ >♦ > ♦ :♦.♦ *■>, :♦ ♦: :♦.♦: :♦.♦ .♦ ♦: •» ♦. > ». '.* * > ' >- ■> :♦:♦; .♦ ♦ > ♦. '.<■ <■ :♦ V ;« V ;♦ '- > ♦. :•!:« ♦:.♦ .♦.♦•: • ♦ '♦ ♦ .♦ ♦ :« ♦ > '• :♦:♦ !♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦ » ;♦ ♦ '.* » :• * V ♦ * *• « » ♦ ♦ ■>; :♦::«•; >:■♦>; :♦:♦; >::♦; >::♦: . a .•■■♦: ■>.♦: :♦;*; :<■:•»: :♦::♦: >.;♦; >;<>■: , v: .♦.:♦; :♦:•« ;♦::♦: »; >•.>; ;*:>: :♦;>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :^:>; • v; -.;«■; ■i.M '♦; ■ *: ♦; '■;♦; ■:♦■; •'■■>: ■>; -;♦: 272 HISTORi- OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. their native State when our subject was quite younsr, and settled at Mansfield, Rich- land County, Ohio, where the father fol- lowed mercantile pursuits for several years, removing thence to Knox County, Ohio, where they made their home till death. The father died while on a visit to his son, our subject, who was then living in Mt. Ayr, Ringgold County, Iowa. The mother survived her husband several 3'ears, dying in Ohio. DeWitt C. Kinsell passed his youth in Richland and Knox counties, Ohio, receiving his education principallj' in the subscription school at Mansfield, at- tending school for a short time in Knox County, also. At the age of sixteen he be- gan learning the tinner's trade. On reach- ing the age of twent^'-two years he en- gaged in the hardware business on his own account, in Chesterville, Morrow Count}', Ohio, which he continued until 1854. He then removed to Marion Count}', Iowa, lo- cating in the village of Red Rock on the Des Moines River, where he ran a hard- ware store for several years, when he sold out his business and built a saw-mill near the town of Galesburg, Iowa, which he operated for several years, and in June, i860, came to Ringgold County, Iowa. On his arrival in Mt. Ayr he engaged in the hardware business, this being the pioneer hardware store in this place. Some two years later, 1862, he formed a partnership with J. W. and A. Z. Hugginsand engaged in the dry-goods business. The same fall Mr. A. Z. Huggins retired from the firm, when A. G. Huggins became a partner, the firm doing business under the name of Huggins, Kinsell & Co. until about the year 1872, when Mr. Kuisell sold out his interest and retired from the firm. In 1873 Mr. Kinsell formed a partnership with J. T. Merrill, and organized what was l-;nown as the Ringgold County Bank, and to- gether carried on a general banking busi- ness until thev sold their bank to Walter Dunning. Mr. Kinsell then opened a dry- goods house on the west side of the public square, where he has since carried on the mercantile business, and by his fair and honest dealings and strict attention to his many customers he has built up a large trade. He is the owner of a good farm of eighty acres near Mt. Ayr which is all seeded to grass, his farm being well stocked. Mr. Kinsell was united in mar- riage in the year 1848, to Miss Sarah Slack, of Morrow County, Ohio, and to this union have been born nine children — three sons and six daughters. Mr. Kinsell held the office of postmaster for five years dur- ing Lincoln's andjohnson's administrations. He has served as a member of the council for one year. H— — ^>!^i^^f<«5::* >:>: :«>:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :■♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦; >::< :♦;>: "^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:!♦: :♦:% :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; >;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: >::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::« ':»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »>: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::« :-♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦; s»;»; :♦::♦: :■»::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; »;:♦; »;:♦; :♦::«-: ;■»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :«;:♦: :♦::♦: ;■»;:♦; :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦:;♦:;♦; >*--f."f>;-j. fii»>'»-»:'«: »»«»«» »»;f..»..*..*..». ♦..♦..♦■ ♦.■♦■.♦..♦■.»..»..*..r.»..'t..»..r.»..T..T..*..''..T.-T.'»_T..i UT-T.»,.*-.»..T-.*.3t.' $S m :♦;:« :♦::« >::♦: m M :♦:>: >"^ >::« :«::« *S :♦::« :♦::« :♦::* >::«! :♦;:* 'M'M >"♦: >;:♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 278 I :♦::* :♦::•« :♦:;« :♦::«! :♦:;•! :♦:■* >::■♦! :♦:« :♦;* ;♦::»: :♦::« :♦::« :♦:* >!>: :♦:>: :«::« :♦::♦: :♦;:«: >::♦: »::« :♦::♦: »::«: :♦::♦; :♦;« >::♦: :♦::♦: :*::«: :♦;« :*::♦: :♦:;♦: >::« »:« :«::♦; :♦:;♦: »■•♦: ■♦■.-■ he was shot in the head, receiving a scalp wound, and was captured by the rebels, but after a week's confinement escaped and made his way to the Union lines. At the charge in front of Petersburg he was shot througii the thigh and was in the hos- pital until his discharge, in August, 1864, and in the meantime was promoted to the rank of Captain. Alter his discharge he returned to Franklin, Pennsylvania, where he was married the same year to Miss Lurie A. Hart. In 1866 he moved to Di.\- on, Illinois, where he engaged in farming on a small scale, with hired help four years. In the spring of 1873 '^^ moved to Ring- gold County, Iowa, and located on section 28, Tinglev Township, where he now owns eighty acres of choice land. Mr. Williams is one of the prominent citizens of the township, and has served as clerk six years. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. They have a family of seven children — three sons and four dautrhters. fflUMAS CANNEV, one of the prominent and prosperous agricult- urists of Ringgold County, engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 33, Grant Township, is a native of Ireland, born November 16, 1826, a son of Michael and Mary Canney, who were natives of the same country. Thomas Canney was reared a farmer in Ireland till eighteen years of age, when he decided to try his fortunes in America. Accordingly, in April, 1844, he sailed from Liverpool, England, and landed at New York City, the ist of May. He first went to Pennsylvania, where he worked on a farm for one summer, and in the followmg fall went to Ohio, remaining in that State one year. He then spent live years in the State of Illinois, and in 1853 came to Ringgold County, when he lo- cated on the farm where he has since made his home. I le has on his land a fine orchard filled with many varieties of fruit trees, a well-cultivated farm, and good farm build- ings. Mr. Canney was married April 1, i860, to Mary Cabert. They have had five children — Rose, Tansie, Daniel, Thomas and William. Rose and Thomas are deceased. In politics Mr. Canney casts his suffrage with the Democratic party. Mr. Cannej' has met with excellent suc- cess in his agricultural pursuits, and by his persevering energy andgood business ! management has accumulated a large property, amounting to 750 acres, all of which he has gained by fairand honor- able dealings, and what is ofgreater value, he has won the respect and confidence of all who know him. T. KINSELL, one of Mt. Ayr's suc- cessful business men, and the lead- ^' ing hardware merchant of the place, was born in August, 1850, in Monroe County. Ohio. When he was ten years of age his parents, D. C. and Sarah (Slack) Kinsell, removed from Ohio to Ringgold County, where his father has since fol- lowed mercantile pursuits, being the oldest merchant in Mr. Ayr. Z. T. Kinsell, our subject, grew to manhood in Mt. Ayr, re- ceiving a good common-school education in the schools of that city. He entered his father's store when quite young, and carlv in life became well versed in the mercantile business. He began learning the tinner's trade when fifteen years old, when he was employed by the firm of Parick & Walker, of Bedford Iowa. At the age of seventeen years he engaged in the hardware business on his own account, and in 1870 established his present business at Mt. Ayr, and carries a full line of every- thing pertaining to the hardware trade. !♦:;♦' ♦!♦; :«:♦! >;♦; »,.♦; >;>: >:.♦; >::♦: :♦>! 5$ 5J !»^>: !»:>: >:♦: >• :♦> »:♦: :♦::♦: s»:>: »: ;♦:♦: :«;:«': :♦:.♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !»:>: •KM !»::♦; >::<»: !»:>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*■ :♦::♦: !»:;♦; ;♦:>; >.:«: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: ;♦:>' »; :♦.:♦: ». !»::«: :♦'* :♦.;♦: ;♦::♦: !♦.:♦: !*> ;♦;♦ :♦:♦. »:♦: :♦♦. !•'>: :«*: :♦♦ :♦♦ :♦*: :♦* >> :♦ ♦> > ♦ ■..»..r.»..r>.*.,».,»,.*,,*,>.,*j».A.*,.*J»..*..* ♦,.♦.. ♦.AAA*. ♦,.♦, »:?♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: Wi »:;♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: >;:♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦>: :«:♦: *::♦: :♦;;♦; »:■»; :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: >:;♦: »:« ♦* :«;♦: :♦::♦: >:;«: >::« »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 3KJK »::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: »:;♦: »::« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦>: :♦"»: :♦:;♦: >"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;>; :♦:;♦: m :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::»: :♦::*: .*:♦: :♦;:♦; •♦::♦; :♦:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦' :♦::♦: :♦:»; ;♦;.♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::*: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦:>: ^::*: :♦::♦: :♦::*: '♦:>: >:'*] >::<•; >■;♦' ;♦:;♦; ■>::♦: 274 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. In connection with his hardware business, Mr. Kinsell carries on farming, being the owner of a fine farm south of Mt. Ayr, where he is engaged in stock-raising. He was the first to introduce thorough-bred Jersey cattle into Ringgold County, for which he deserves much credit. He has his farm stocked with short-horn and Her- ford-grades of cattle, and his Jersey cattle are registered in the National Herd Book. His farm contains 240 acres of choice land, and possesses all the natural advantages of a fine grazing farm. For his wife Mr. Kinsell married Miss Elizabeth Wilson, daughter of P. W. Wilson, one of the old- est business men of Mt. Ayr. Mr. and Mrs. Kinsell are the parents of two sons, named Harry and Clive. -— ^3^—- ^p— -ses-o— fOWETT BASTON, an active and en- terprising citizen, and an early settler ^^i, of Ringgold Count)', is a native of England, born in Yorkshire, September 9, 1 83 1, a son of Thomas and Mary Baston, both of whom died in England. Our sub- ject learned the trade of a cabinet-maker and wood turner in his youth, and from his father, who was a mechanical genius, he in- herited much of his talent in the same di- rection. He left his native country for America in 1854, and for a few years fol- lowed his trade in several cities in Canada. He was married at Cayuga, Ontario, in 1856, to Miss Sophia Oliver, and to them have been born eight children — Charles, Adelaide, Hamlet, Victoria, Deborah, Jowett, Alice and Louisa. In 1858 he came to Iowa, and after remaining a short time in Burlington, Mount Pleasant and Fair- field he came in 1859 1° Ringgold County, when he settled in Benton Township and improved a farm on which he lived for sev- eral years. In the early years of Ringgold County, when money was scarce he engaged in the manufacture of furniture, making all of his own and supplying the early settlers. He established his shop at the village of Marshalltown, where he set up a turning lathe, and traveled through the country with a wagon, disposing of his goods, tak- ing in exchange food or clothing as well as stock. In 1868 he moved to Mt. Ayr, and engaged quite extensively in the manufact- ure of furniture, and there built a business house and residence. He. located on his present farm, on section 2, Rice Township, where he has a fine farm of 200 acres which he has improved from a state of nature. He has a fine, substantial resi- dence in which all the carpenter and mason work was done by himself. Few men have done more toward building up and improv- ing Ringgold County than Mr. Baston, where he is classed among the prosperous and respected citizens. During his resi- dence in Ringgold County he has built fen houses and improved five farms, one of which, containing 120 acres and located in Poe Township, he still owns. He also owns near his home farm, a tract of eighty acres, and has some lots in the city of Mt. Ayr. W. FULLER, merchant, and propri- etor of Fuller's Hall, was born in Sullivan County, New York, July 22, 1852, son of J. W. Fuller. When ten years of age he moved to Cleveland, Ohio, thence to Clarke Count}', Iowa, thence to Ringgold County. In 1882 he started in the grain business, and was burned out January 22, 1884. I" March of the same year he built the grain elevator at Keller- ton, 52 X 52, and thirty-three feet from peak to basement. Two years later he sold out and engaged in general merchandise, which he has since continued. He carries a large stock of dry goods, boots and shoes, hats and caps, notions, hardware and groceries. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦.:« >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦"«£ *<*< :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦ :♦::♦ :♦::♦: :♦:♦ tA :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«>:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: W', :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:':»: :♦:% :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•«:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :*>;:♦::♦: :♦;:♦;♦;.♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. .♦♦. :♦::♦; ;♦::«': :♦:* ;♦::«: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :«::<»: »;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; >::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>; :«:>: :♦;:♦: 'm. :♦:♦: »::♦: !^* :♦::♦; :♦!:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: *♦: >::♦; »::♦: ;♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: >:.♦: *;^ ;«'':•: :♦::♦: S* *.♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦!.♦) ;♦:;♦: >:.♦: :*>: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !♦"♦: .*:♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: '$>:<(. :«:♦: >::♦; >•;:♦: !♦:.♦: :♦:>: 1^* !♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: i** K^ ;♦::♦: :♦•■♦• 27S Fuller's Hall is 40 X 60, with a seating, ca-. pacity of 600 to 800. The building was erected in 1886. The first story is used as a sales-room. In 1880 Mr. Fuller was mar ried to Jane Tedrow, daughter of C. Tedrow, a prominent pioneer of Ringgold County. They have three children— Mary, Nellie and Ida. Mr. Fuller is an enter- prising, thorough-going citizen. -> -J»!>i»>^>^«s- f- REYNARD, farmer, section 8, Ben- ton Township, is a native of JefTerson [<» County, Ohio, born April 18, 181 8. His father, Marmaduke Reynard, was a native of England, and came to Ohio in r8l6. His mother was Mary (Shaw) Rey- nard, also anativeof England. They were married in their native country, and brought si.K children with them to America. They were the parents of eleven children, seven sons and four tlaughters — John, Mary, Will- iam, Marmaduke and Jane were born in England ; Ann, Robert, Hannah, Thomas and Joseph were born in America. The oldest child, named Robert, was born in England, and died m Pennsylvania. Our subject pas.sed his early life in assisting on the farm, and his education was obtained in the common schools of Jefferson County. He was married March 3, 1842, to Miss Jane Vail, a native of Pennsylvania, and daughter of Elisha and Martha (Kirkc) Vail. To this union were born six children, five of whom are living — Marmaduke, Martha Jane, William E., Thomas B., Nathan H. and James. The deceased is Ruth Anna. Mrs. Reynard died in 1855, and September 21, 1858, Mr. Reynard was married to Mrs. Priscilla Bartholomew, whose maiden name was Peoples. She was a daughter of Reese and Nancy (Kimbcrland) Peoples, and was a widow with two children — Josephine and Edward E. To this second union have been horn nine fhiidrrn, five Hving — Mary, Fremont, Joseph S., Frank R. and John P. Mr. Reynard and family resided in Ohio until 1877, then came to Ringgold County, and located upon his present farm in Benton Township. His farm contains 160 acres of land, in a good state of cultivation and well improved. He has a well-furnished cottage, out-build- ings for stock, orchard and small fruits. He is a worthy and consistent member of the Protestant Methodist church, and politi- cally is a Republican. He has given his children excellent educational advantages, and two of them, .Mary and Frank, are fitted for teachers. Joseph is a law student, and will make the law his profession. Since coming to this county Mr. Reynard has, by honest dealing, secured the confidence and respect of all who know him, and his word is considered as good as his bond. Post- office, Maloy. ICHOLAS SALTZMANN.one of the ir/i first settlers of Ringgold County, and ■:^^£ an active and enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of Poe Township, where he re- sides, on section 23, is a native of France, born in the year 1829, and a son ol Nicholas and Barbara (Garber) Saltzmanii. The par- ents lived in their native land, France, untli March i, 1853, when they embarked with their family in a sailing vessel, at Havre. and after a voyage of twenty-eight days landed in New York. From that city they proceeded to Buffalo, where they waited twenty-one days for a steamer to take them to Sandusky, Ohio, thence to Findlav, Ohio, where they rcmainetl two and a half years. In November, 1855, Nicholas Saltzmann, Jr., and four of his brothers came to Ring- gold County, Iowa, when he located on his present farm, which, at that time, was an unbroken tract of prairie land. The par- ents subsequently came to Ringgold C♦ :♦ ♦' >.*: >>: >.<* ;♦>; .♦ ♦ :♦. ♦: :♦,.♦: ■•♦; :♦>: >■ * :♦ ♦' ■|»>. :♦:♦. '.* ■«! :♦ •►; >;♦. >>; :♦.♦; ■*..*. :♦.;«: ;♦>; :♦..♦: .♦:♦: ■»'♦; .♦•»■ :♦ •: ;♦.♦. :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦; ;♦ * ;♦ •>■ > '♦; >:♦! 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Nicholas Saltzmann, our subject, was married in 1859, to Miss Anna Egley, a native of France, and to this union have been born seven children — Ellen C, wife of H. C. Smith, of Poe Township ; Jacob, Simon, Nicholas, Clara, Margaret and Noah. After marriage Mr. Saltzmann remained on what is known as the old homestead. He has been very suc- cessful in his agricultural pursuits, and by his industry and good management he has accumulated 650 acres, all of which is now under fine cultivation, with a good resi- dence and commodious barn, and out- buildings for the convenience of his stock. He is quite extensively engaged in stock- raising in connection with his general farming, and is making a specialty of Nor- man horses and high-grade cattle, having at present 100 head of cattle on his farm. He is a thorough, practical farmer, and is classed among the substantial and self- made men of his township, having com- menced life entirely without capital. C. MAXWELL, the leading pho- ^1. tographer of Mt. Ayr, is a na- ^•^^^^ tive of the State of Indiana, born in Howard County, August 15, 1855. When a child of but eighteen months he was brought by his grandparents to Taylor County, Iowa, and, having lost his mother when ver)' young, he was reared in the home of his grandfather, Matthew B. Gol- den. At an early age he began to show his talent for the art of painting, and at the age of eighteen years began mixing his colors to suit his taste. He began learn- ing photography in Bedford, Iowa, under Goldsbcrry, a distinguished artist at that place,, under whose skillful supervision he perfected himself in the art. In his gal- lery in Mt. Ayr, Ringgold County, he has some ver}' fine specimens, both in photo- graphs and life-size crayon work, and by the work he turns out he has made a suc- cess of his business. Mr. Maxwell was married in March, 1877, to Miss Delilah A. Evans, of Taylor County, Iowa, a daugh- ter of Rev. John Evans, and to this union have been born three children. [RASTUS P. REED, one of the lead- I ing farmers of Washington Town- "^i ship, was born in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, October 3, 1850, a son of William and Amanda (Young) Reed, who were also natives of the State of Pennsyl- vania, the mother born in Center County. When our subject was four years old they removed to Adams Count}', Illinois, and eighteen months later, settled in Brown County, Illinois, where they lived about eight years. In the fall of 1864, they came to Iowa, locating in Delaware County, where they remained three years. In the fall of 1867 they came to Ringgold County, and the first three years lived on section 33, of Washington Township, when they removed to section 24 of the same town- ship, the latter farm containing forty acres, which is now owned by our subject, be- sides which he owns eighty-four acres of land in Liberty Township, where the father died, June 17, 1885, leaving a wife and two sons and one daughter — Erastus P., the subject of this sketch; Homer, a practicing physician of Worth County, Missouri ; and Luella J., at home with her mother. Erastus P. was reared a farmer, and in his youth attended the common schools, and one term at Lennox Institute, in Delaware County, Iowa, where he re- ceived a fair education. He remained :♦;»::« :♦;:♦::♦; :♦::♦: *■;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:.<« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: ;«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦>: »::♦: »:;« :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: Wit .♦::♦: »!;♦: :♦;:♦: »::« >::♦: >::♦: »;:♦: »::♦: »;:♦: »::♦: s»::« ;♦::« :♦::♦: Wif. »::♦: :♦::♦: k:« »::♦; :♦::♦: »:;♦: Wi »::♦: :♦::♦: ;»::♦: Wi Wff. :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: *::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: W; »::♦ £»::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;-»::♦: !»:;♦: :■»::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'm. :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: !»;:♦: :♦'■♦:♦: ;«.:♦:.♦: :♦:>! >^ ♦♦ ♦■♦ ^* ^« :♦.;« >::♦: !♦:;♦: :'•>:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: >::♦: »::♦: *i^ :♦.* >::♦: *i^ :♦::♦: ;♦::«; :♦::« ^^ ;♦::« i** !♦!« :♦:■•! :♦::< :♦:>: :♦::« :♦::« *;•? >:.♦. >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:•« >::«5 :♦:;♦: :♦:>: >::«! :♦::« :♦::*: :♦::«! :«::♦: :«::♦: :♦::«! :♦;;« :♦;;«! :♦;;* :♦.:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: :«::« »::♦: :«:«5 ;♦::«• ;♦::♦: :«;« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:•« :«.'♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:«! ;♦::« »:w !•:« ItlOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. m with his parents till his marriage, in 1884, to Miss Lucy H. Miller, a native o( Cleve- land, Ohio, who came to Iowa when seven- teen years of age, and taught school for six years in Ringgold County. To Mr. and Mrs. Reed have been born one daugh- ter — Floy Aileen. Mr. Reed has always followed farming and stock-raising, and is now the owner of 130 acres of well-im- proved land, and six acres of timber. In politics, like his father, he is a staunch Republican. His father was magistrate of Washington Township for many years. He was township clerk for two terms, and was a most highly-respected citizen. Mr. and Mrs. Reed are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. His parents were members of the same denomination, to which his mother still belongs. [AMUEL BAIRD, proprietor of Wil- low Ridge Farm, resides on section 12, Clinton Townshij), and is one of the prominent and worthy pioneers of Ring- gold County, having been a resident here over thirty-one years. He is the eldest of six children of John and Martha (Moore) Baird, and his youth was spent in assisting on the farm and attending the common schools of that day, in log school-houses. He was married November 5, 184S, to Miss Millie E. Parks, born in Monroe County, Indiana, and daughter of B. F. and Mary R. Parks, natives of North Carolina. He resided in Putnam County until 1850, when, with wife and one child, he started for Iowa, and was twenty-three days making the journe}'. They first located in Lucas County, where they resided ten months; then removed to Eden Township, Decatur County, where he improved a small farm. He sold this farm in the fall of 1854, and entered land from the Government, which is a portion of his present farm. In March, 1855, he moved upon iiis new farm and has occupied it ever since. His first house was a log cabin, 16x16, with clapboard roof and puncheon floor, and furniture to correspond. He has improved his place from time to time, until it is now in a most excellent condition. Coming as he did in an early day when the country was in its primitive state, he endured all the hardships and trials of the pioneer, frequently having to go fift}' or even 100 miles to mill and to purchase groceries. His log cabin is re- placed by a good story-and-a-half house, modern style, and well furnisiied ; the rude shed has been removed, and in its place stands a large and commodious barn, 40x60; and where the wild plum and crab nourished is now a fine orchard of bearing trees, a vineyard and small fruits. Mr. Baird is making a specialtv of short- horn cattle, and in his herd can be found some of the best registered animals in Southern Iowa. He has served creditably in nearly all the township offices, and in politics is a Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Baird are the parents of ten children — Mary Jane, James Monroe, Martha M., Sarah Elizabeth, Louisa Kate, Samuel P., Laura Belle, Nina May, Absalom B. and Willie Boss. John Wesley, the .second child, was born January 7, 1852, and died in September, 1869. Mr. Baird has always taken an active interest in educational and religious matters, and contributes liberally to any worthy enterprise. Postoffice, Rcd- nnfif. ANIEL MERRITT, farmer, section 7, Athens Township, was born in Bel- mont County, Ohio, June 5, 1827, son of William J. Merritt, an early settler of this county. His e;uly life was passed in assisting on the farm and attending the pio neer schools of his native county. When about twenty years of age he removed to :♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦, > ♦ >♦ :♦ •! !♦.♦; ;♦ ♦; :♦.:♦; :♦:♦; >'♦: >.:♦: >:♦; !»:>: >::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::«: >;:« :♦:♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; »: :c«i :♦::'»' »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: ;♦;;'•: :♦::«! :♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>; 'ii'fi. :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :«:« ;♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: !>::♦: >:;*■ :«:>: :♦.:♦: :♦;:'»: :♦::♦: :♦;:*: >:>: »::«: »>: !*.:♦: *:♦; !»::♦: :♦,;♦: :«:♦: !».:♦: !»:« !».;♦: :♦>: »: >:'« :♦::♦: ;♦:.♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: ;«::*: »;♦: :♦♦: !*:♦: »: :♦ ♦: :«♦: ♦ »■ > ♦: «♦««♦'♦♦« ♦> * m m »:;♦: !«>>: ^;* *:♦; k:« :♦;:« :♦"♦: Kf< :♦:♦ ;♦*< *♦< >♦-♦ >♦» .♦::♦: !:♦. %:♦: i »::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: «:♦: ♦■♦ :♦.»: :♦::♦■ ♦■♦< ?•»- :♦»: :♦!:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦!:♦ :♦;:♦> >:;♦: ■ ♦; ♦; *;♦. !♦::«: :♦::♦: »:»: »:»: »::♦; »:>: '♦•♦: 278 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. Jackson County. He was married in Feb- ruar}', 1850, to Miss E. Jane Rickabaugh, daughter of Reuben Rickabaugh. He came to Iowa with his family, first locatmg on section 17, where he improved eighty acres and resided about twelve years, then removed to Mills County, where he re- mained three years, then returned to Ring- gold County and remained about seven years, thence to the Pacific Coast, living in Oregon and Washington Territories several years. Mrs. Merritt died in March, 1877. Their living children are — William R. and Finley Poe. Sarah E. died in 1S79. Mr. Merritt is one of the old pioneers who has assisted in building the roads, bridges, school-houses and churches, and has al- ways taken an active part in anything pertaining to the advancement of education or religion. By honesty and fair dealing he has secured the confidence of all who know him. Kind and genial in his dispo- sition, he is a true type of the old pioneer. Postofifice, Kellerton. ■•So- ls- -<«» rHOMAS LIGGETT, one of the en- terprising business men of Mt. Ayr, where he carries on a fine grocery, is a native of Ohio, born on a farm in Union County, March 2, i84i,a son of Henr}- and Jane (Brown) Liggett, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Scotland, coming to America with her parents when four years of age. They were married in Xenia, Ohio, and settled in Union County, where our subject grew to manhood, his youth being spent in assisting his father clear and improve their farm from a heavily-tim- bered tract of land. Thomas Liggett went to Livingston County, Illinois, in 1858, where he taught a district school, remain- ing there until the summer of 1 861, when he went to Monmouth, Illinois. -'\t the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion he enlisted in Company C, Thirt}' -sixth Illinois Infantry, when he was sent to Missouri. The first battle in which he participated was at Pea Ridge, when he was transferred to the Army of the Tennessee, and was at the-siege of Corinth. In September, 1862, he was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland, and took part in the battle of Perryville and in the campaign of Stone River. The following spring he was in the Tullahoma campaign, then went to Bridgeport and through Georgia, and took part in the battle of Chickamauga, where he was wounded, being shot through the cheek, the ball coming out at the back of the neck. He was then sent to the hospi- tal at Nashville, Tennessee, remaining there till the expiration of his term of service, when he was mustered out in September, 1864. He then returned to Monmouth, Illinois, where he remained six years, dur- ing which time he followed the vocation of a teacher. He was married in February, 1869, to Miss Catherine Arthur, a native of Warren County, Illinois. They have four children living — two sons and two daugh- ters. In 1870 Mr. Liggett went to Grand Prairie, his father's old home, where he had died in 1862, and there he followed farming on the homestead for two years, when he sold the farm and returned to Warren County, Illinois, and was engaged in the hardware business in the town of Alexis for two years. In the spring of 1875 he came with his family to Mt. Ayr, Rmggold Count}', Iowa, and soon formed a partnership with John R derson and engaged in the grocery ness, on the south side of the square. Henderson retired from the firm in following spring, when Mr. Liggett took John S. Kirvy as a partner, with whom he was associated until July, 1878, when Mr. Ligget retired from the firm. He was then nominated clerk of the courts on the Republican ticket, being elected by Hen- busi- Mr. the ;**:-^ ;♦:>; ;♦::♦: :«;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;*; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; '♦;:♦; >:;♦: :♦;»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: 1 :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;>; :♦:»; :♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦:;«>: :♦;;♦; >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:*>: 'm. :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦: :♦:* :♦;>: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;>: :♦;;♦; >;;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; >:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;.♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦:>; !»::♦; >:♦' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 279 « ♦ *♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ :♦; ♦ ♦: *♦: *,♦; ♦ :♦: :♦:♦: ♦ '♦: ♦'♦: ♦, ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦.♦: ♦.:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦. .- ♦' < ♦; ♦;:♦: ♦;;♦; ♦:'♦; :♦:'♦: ♦"♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: >-♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦. ♦.♦: ♦ '♦: » ♦ ■»♦" ♦■>: ♦. '♦: ♦ '♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ■» «! ♦ ♦! *'■ ♦! "• ♦: ♦ ♦: «.♦: ♦ :♦: *♦: > ♦; >;♦: ♦:;♦; ♦'♦: >;'♦) •» ♦! ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; ♦>; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: a majority ol scvciitv-cight votes, assum- ing tlie duties of his office in January. 1879; was re-elected in 1880 by a majority of 600 votes, and in 1882 was again elected to the same office, holding that position, in all, six years, after which he embarked in the grocery business, and b}- his courteous and alTable manner, and strict attention to the wants of his many customers, he has built up a good trade and gained the confi- dence and respect of the community. Both Mr. and Mrs. Liggett are members of the United Presbyterian church, of which he is serving as elder. tNDREW J. IMUS, one of the early settlers of Ringgold County, engaged ~:"* in farming, (jn section 29, Liberty fownship, is a native of Ohio, born in Coshocton County, October 10, 1840, a son of Horatio M. and Mary (Dolbier) Imus, the mother a native of Vermont. The parents came to Ohio when young and were united in marriage in that State. They subsequently removed to Illinois, and in June, 1854, came to Ringgold County, Iowa, settling in what is now Washington Township, where they probably built the first cabin in the county. It was twelve feet square, and built of hickory poles with puncheon floor. Soon after the Imus fam- ily settled here, people began coming to the county to look for land, and their house was a sort of stopping place, sometimes their humble dwelling sheltering a dozen persons over night. The father met his death by drowning in May, 1854, in Eng- lish Creek, in Marion County, Iowa. He had started to cross the creek which was was very high from the rain on the pre- ceding night, taking with him his wife and one child in a two-horse wagon. As soon ;is getting into the stream the hind end of ilie wagon box was raised up, pitching him out against the horses when he and both horses were drowned. The wagon box floated down the stream with his wife and child for a quarter of a mile, when they were rescued after much difficulty. The mother and her family settled in Washing- ton Township, Ringgold Count}', as before stated, the mother subsequently marrying William Cavin, who now resides in Mt. Ayr. The father had entered 400 acres of Government land in Ringgold County. Of the twelve children born to the parents, eight came to Ringgold County, seven sons and one daughter. Andrew J., the subject of this sketch, received but a limited edu- cation in his youth in the district schools. He was but thirteen years old when he came to Ringgold County, and at the age of fifteen years he went to live with George W. Lesan, with whom he remained till about twenty-one years of age, and during this time he attended school for twelve months. On leaving Mr. Lesan he was given $125 for his services. He then en- tered the army, enlisting in Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and was sent to the Western Department in Arkansas. He participated in the battle at Helena and the running fight at Spoonville, and, being sick, he was captured by the enemy, when he was sent to Tyler, Texas, and placed in the stockade, where he was kept ten months, being without shelter all this time, and for his rations received a pint ot corn meal and a half pound of beef. At the end of ten months he was |)arolcd and sent to New Orleans, when he received a thirty days' furlough. He was mustered out of the service at Davenport, wliere he received his discharge and at once returned to Ring- gold County, Iowa. The home farm in Ringg(jld County was then divided among the heirs, when our subject purchaseii two shares and engaged in farming, remaining on that farm till 1876. He was married in 1868, to Miss Cora Bassett, a native of lUi >♦: :♦.♦: :♦ ♦: >: '♦: > ♦' ■< ♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦; '♦:♦: :♦♦: ■♦:♦; :♦:♦; >;♦; •»;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦; :♦;'♦: :♦;* :♦:.* •»:♦: :♦"♦: !♦♦: :♦:'♦; .♦V :♦'♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦'.♦: >* '^. :♦:♦: ;♦:* :♦:♦; >:.♦" >:♦: :♦,♦" '♦ ♦' ;♦;♦' :*.♦: :♦:♦; ♦ 0' >: ■«■' :♦ ♦" '♦>' :♦♦' '♦' ♦ >'♦' »: >'♦' :♦♦: ♦ «: »: !♦!♦! »: *♦; >!♦" >::♦: > ♦; ;♦ ♦' > ♦: >'♦ '♦ »■ ;♦ ♦ :• ♦; ♦ * ♦ ♦ .♦ •> .♦ ♦ > * > ♦ ;♦ ♦; :♦ ♦. ;♦ ♦" > ♦ > ♦; < ♦ :♦..♦. km :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »>: »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: %:♦: »::« »::♦: 'nf/mi ;«»: :♦:»: :♦:;« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:>: »:r« •»;:♦: »::« :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:;« .%<•■: .^"♦: :♦:»: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:;« »:»: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: .♦::« :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: Kfi fM :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:!« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: *;;♦• :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦;:♦: »:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *j* :♦::♦: *::♦: :«;♦: >::^^ :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦:;♦: >:.♦: 280 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. nois, and a daughter of I. B. Bassett, a res- ident of Ringgold County, and to this union have been born ten children — five sons and five daughters. Mr. Imus pur- chased his present farm in Liberty Town- ship, in 1876, where he has 160 acres of well-improved land, all under a high state of cultivation, and has since devoted his at- tention to general farming and cattle-rais- ing. Mr. Imus has served his township as school director, commissioner of highways and trustee, and has held the office of as- sessor four terms, two terms in Washing- ton Township, and two terms in Liberty Township. •ujajjcr©-^*— »| *i^>ai<3aTO»» fOHN R. HENDERSON, one of the enterprising business men of Mt. Ayr, is a native of Ohio, born in Guernsey County, February 8, 1837, a son of Ebene- zer and Jane (Lee) Henderson, both na- tives of Washington County, Pennsylvania, the father born in 1810, and the mother in 18 1 2. They were among the early settlers of Ohio, and were residents of Guernsey County until 1849, when they removed to Adams County, Ohio. They subsequently settled in Mercer County, Illinois, where they lived till their death. They were the parents of eleven children, of whom five sons and three daughters lived to maturity. John R., our subject, was the fourth child in his father's family. His education was obtained in the district schools which he attended during his spare time while not workinof on the farm. He remained with his parents till twenty-three years of age, and was married October 10, 1861, to Miss Elizabeth L., Leslie, of Henderson County, Illinois. They are the parents of two chil- dren — Etta L., wife of G. H. llerrington, of Nebraska, and Eddie H. Alter his marriage Mr. Henderson settled in Mercer County, Illinois, where he engaged in farming. In 1S62 he enlisted in the late war, in Company C, Thirty-sixth Illinois Infantry, and joined his regiment in Ken- tucky. He participated in the battles of Stone River, Cliickamauga and Mission- ary Ridge when he was placed on de- tached duty. He was in the Atlanta cam- paign and in front of General Hood's army. He then went to Huntsville, Alabama, thence to Knoxville, Tennessee, where he was mustered out June 17, 1865. After being honorably discharged, he returned to his farm in Mercer County, Illinois, and in the fall of 1865, removed to Marshall County, Iowa, and shortly afterward set- tled in Centre V^iew, Johnson County, Missouri. In 1869 he removed to Mt. Ayr, Ringgold County, Iowa, and in 1874 was elected Sheriff of Ringgold County, which office he resigned after filling it for sixteen months, and in the following fall engaged in his present grocery business, in which he is meeting with good success. He is also engaged in dealing in stock, and is the owner of a fine farm of 160 acres, located m Jefferson Township. Both Mr. and Mrs. Henderson are members of the United Presbyterian church. ■^>- -<:^*» ^ T. ANDERSON, farmer, section 12, Lott's Creek Township, was born in ^•^ Putnam County, Indiana, July 2, 1838. His parents were William and Sarah Ann (Hultz) Anderson, and they reai"ed a family of eight children. He was reared on a farm within three miles of Spencer, the county seat of Owen County. He re- ceived his education at the Spencer Acad- emy. He was married December 22, 1859. to Miss Jane E. Madaris, a native of Owen County, Indiana, daughter of Jonathan H. and Sarah Ann (King) Madaris. During the late Rebellion Mr. Anderson was among :♦::♦::♦"♦: ;:♦;:♦;:♦:»; .<»::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: »::« ^ :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »:;♦: »:.^: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ■:♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:!« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: '♦::♦: ;♦"« :♦:.<•>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•»::♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦: W.'if. :♦::♦: :«.<« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::»: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :■»:>: :-♦;■;►: :♦:»; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :■»;:♦: >;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; >::♦: ;-♦::♦: >:;♦: :■»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦•:♦♦:♦; .♦..♦..♦:.♦; *:;♦;:♦; .♦.*.>,.«;.»:>:>;>:!»:>:;c*>::*::c*:;c*::*:*;:*::*.>::c*:>"c*::*:>"0"*.>::*:i^^ m $>! >:♦: >;♦: >>; >;>: >:»; >>; >.;♦: >::^ :♦::♦; >!>: :♦::* :♦*' ri :♦.*' >::♦: >::♦: :♦::•! >:>: •♦;;* :♦:;♦; >::< >.:< :♦:*• :♦::«! >::* *i^ *K :♦::« >:>; :♦::* »;:♦: :♦:;« :♦;:■« i^ ^1 i^^ :♦;:«» :♦:;« :♦;:••! :♦::«) :'»::'•; :«>: !«:« »;:♦: **; ♦:* :♦:;« :«!*> :♦;« :♦::♦: :♦;>: >::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::■« :♦:;•« :♦::♦: »::«! :♦::« :«;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::*' :♦:•« ;«:« »;:« :♦:»: »::« :♦::»: >::»: :♦::«> ;♦::»: ;« BIOORAPUICAL SKETCHES. •>«! those who went forth in defense of the old flag. March 22, 1S64, he enlisted in Com- pany H, Thirteenth Indiana Infantry. He was in tiieengagementsat Kingston, Golcls- boro, Bciitonville, at the surrender of Johnston at Raleigh, and several others. He was honorably discharged September 5, 1865, at Goldsboro, North Carolina, and returned to his home in Owen County, to engage in the more peaceful pursuit of agriculture. In the fall of 1S75 he came to Ringgold County, and settled upon his present farm in Lott's Creek, which was then in a wild state. He has 120 acres, consisting mostl}- of rich bottom land. It is well watered and well adapted to stock or grain. He has a comfortable house, bani, orchard of scventy-tive trees, and is engaged in general farming and stock-rais- ing. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are the parents of seven children — William II., Melinda (Jra, Emery, Charles, Emma, Mollie and Laura. Mr. Anderson served one term as township assessor, and at pres- ent is a justice of the peace. He is a mem- ber of the Masonic order, Lodge No. 416, Caledonia; is also a member of Lodge No. 293. I. O. O. F., Caledonia. Politically he is a Republican. Mr. Anderson is well known as an honest, upright and an in- dustrious man. PostofTice, Caledonia. fOHN W. KlNSELL.asuccessful farm- er of Tingley Township, located on section 6, is a native of Ohio, born in the city of Columbus, September 16, 1847, a son of John and Sophcnia A. (Daymude) Kinsell, natives of Virginia, of German de- scent. When he was four years old his parents moved to Hloomington, Illinois, where his father died, in 1852, and he was reared by his widowed mother, receiving his education in the city schools. In 1874 he came to Iowa and located in Ringgold ♦:>;:♦;»;:♦;»„♦;,♦ County on his present farm, which contaiMs eighty acres of choice, well-improved land. He also owns a fine eighty-acre farm in Jefferson Townshi]>, which is used for pasture. .Mr. Kinsell devotes the most of his attention to stock-raising, making a specialty of cattle, having some of the best grades. He was married in 1878, to Isabel M. Pollok, also a native of Ohio, daugh- ter of Alexander and Ann (Wallace) Pol- lok, who removed to Illinois, where she was educated at the Monmouth Academv. They have two sons — Re.\- E. and Day- mude E. In politics Mr. Kinsell affiliates with the Democratic party. PAMES S. AVENELL, one of the most Ml active and enterprismg farmers of >^ Tingley Township, living on section 6, is a native of Illinois, born near Mon- mouth, in Warren County, October 21, 1848. His father, Thomas Avcnell was born in England, coming to America when a j'oung man of seventeen years. He mar- ried Jane Brown, at Monmouth, Illinois, she being a native of Virginia, and thev reared three children— a son and a dau^h- ter still living in Warren Coimty, Illinois, and our subject. After their marriage they settled on a farm in Warren County where they lived many years, the mother dying on the old homestead in 1883. James S. Avcnell passed his youth on the home farm, receiving his primarv educa- tion in the district schools, and later spent one year at the Monmouth Academv where he took a commercial course. He was married in 1875 to Miss Rebecca J. Ask- reh, a native of Ohio, but at the time of her marriage living in Warren County, Illinois. They are the parents of four children — Madge, L. J. Leroy, Bessie and Maud. Mr. Avenell left Warren Countv in the fall of 1879, and came with his family > ♦ > ♦. > • >♦. > *: !•.■♦: !•:;•' ^;> >:♦ ;♦;♦: >>■ >;♦: ;** :♦.:♦; :♦;;♦: >;:*: W: >::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦,:♦: >.:♦: ». ;♦:;♦: :♦:>: ;♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >:>: :♦;>: :♦::♦' :♦::«'. :♦,:♦: :♦:>: >;*! :♦;.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:«': ;♦::♦; :♦::«: :♦:;♦: !»::♦: !»::<•: :♦::♦: »:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: 's>:fi. "m. m. :♦::♦; !»:♦: :♦>: !•::♦: !»:»; »;:♦: :♦:;♦: !».:*: >:;♦: !»::♦: !»::♦: !♦;;♦: »::♦: >::♦: :♦::»; :♦::«: »;;♦: !»:♦: !»::♦: P :♦.♦ !•:> *> :♦> :♦♦ :♦♦ !♦♦ >> >• :♦ • .*::♦:: :«■;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:!« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:»: »::♦: »::♦: >:;♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:« :♦:;♦: ;♦;*; :♦.;♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: »"♦: »::♦: ;♦:;« :♦::« . »:;♦: »::♦: »::♦: »>: :♦;:« :♦::♦: »::♦: :«:♦: »"♦: :«:« r«k »:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: >::♦: sk:« !»:;♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :«;♦: :♦"••; :♦::♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦' »::♦: :♦:;♦: *«♦; »:;♦: :♦::« c«»: ;♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦; »::♦: »::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: !♦"♦: :♦"♦: ;••:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;•♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: 383 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. to Ringgold County, Iowa, when he set- tled on his present farm in Tingley Town- ship, where he has 400 acres of choice land under good cultivation. He brought with him a good grade of cattle from Illi- nois, and is still engaged in raising and dealing in fine cattle, and also devotes con- siderable attention to raising fine Percheron horses, in which he is meeting with suc- cess. He is a member of the Tingley Percheron Horse Association, which was organized for the purpose of introducing these celebrated horses. Besides the farm on which he resides, Mr. Avenell owns another farm in Tingley Township con- taining 200 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Avenell are members of the United Presb3'terian church at Tingley, and are among the respected citizens of the township. W. GLAZE, a prominent agricultur- ist of Lincoln Township, residing on '^ section 30, is a native of Iowa, born in Louisa County, May 4, 1852, a son of James and Amanda (Copland) Glaze, who were both born in the State of Indiana. He was reared to manhood in his native county, and on attaining the age of twen- ty-one years he began farming on his own account, beginning on his father's home- stead, and afterward bought a small piece of land. He spent three years in the State of Missouri when he returned to Iowa, coming to Ringgold County, when he set- tled on his present farm in Lincoln Town- ship, where he hasagood farm of 160 acres. He was united in marriage to Miss Mar}- J. Utterback, a daughter of Benjamin and Eleanor Utterback who were natives of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Glaze are the parents ol five children — Florence M., born May I, 1875; Jennie E., born March 9, 1877; James B., born April 3, 1879; Ralph H., born July 12, 1881, and Clark C, born January 23, 1885. Both Mr. and Mrs. Glaze are active and earnest members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Glaze is one of the active and enterprising citizens of Lincoln Town- ship, and since coming here has served ef ficiently as road supervisor, school director and justice of the peace. In politics he is a Republican. ^HtjNDREW JACKSON MERRITT. ]W}L farmer, section 20, Athens Township, fMl • fill • 1- • • •^1^ IS one oi the oldest pioneers living in the township. He is a native of Morgan County, Ohio, where he was born Decem- ber 16, 1832, son of William J. Merritt, de- ceased, a well-known pioneer of this count}'. He resided in his native county until fifteen years of age, then removed to Jackson County with his family, where he grew to manhood. He received his edu- cation in the common schools, and assisted in the work of the farm. In the fall of 1853 he came to Iowa, spending the first winter in Washington County, and the spring fol- lowing removed to Keokuk County, and in the spring of 1855 came to Ringgold County, and settled in Athens Township. He was united in marriage April 5, 1858, with Miss Matilda Strickland, born in Coles County, Illinois, November 5, 1840, daugiiter of S. C. and Sarah (Benson) Strickland. She was left an orphan at an early age, and was reared by Joseph Strick- land, who came to Decatur County in 1854. After his marriage Mr. Merritt located on section 17, which was partly improved. A log cabin had been built and a few acres had been broken. After living here one year he removed to section 16, on school land, and from there to section 27, where he resided about three years, then removed to section 6, Riley Township. In 1870 he came to liis present farm, which had been *::«•:♦"♦"♦":*:♦"♦"♦::♦;:♦:■••;*■•'>"•-♦"*> >:>::*;»:»;:*>::*:»;>:»;>:>:»:>;i»>::«5>: :♦::« »:;♦: :♦::«. :♦;:♦; :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :■«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *•;♦< :♦::« :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: Wi :♦::♦: :♦!>: :♦;:♦; ■nA idx »::♦: ■«;« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦!:♦: »:♦; :♦::« :«:<( :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::« :♦::« :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« *;;^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦;♦:;♦; ♦ ♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦::*: :♦::«! :♦>: :♦::♦: wv. :♦:.♦: ;♦::♦; *::♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ■»::♦: ♦:* :♦::♦: :♦:»: v.v. :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;.♦: :♦::♦: :«::«: :♦::*: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:■♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:<»: !•::•: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; v.v. :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: .♦;:♦: m ;♦:••: :♦::♦; :♦:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :'•;:«': >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::*: >:'♦; :•>: !•»::♦: :«:«: :♦:♦: •»:♦: :♦:>: *;♦; :♦;:♦: :<*;:♦: :♦;;♦; .♦::♦: !♦:*; !♦:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦; >;♦: :♦:♦: ;♦:,♦; !♦"♦; >:♦' BIOGRAPHICAL. SKETCHES. 281! improved by Andy Foster, and here he has since resided. His farm contains 120 acres, and is in a good state of cultivation, and well improved. He also owns 160 acres on section 17, and sixty-two acres on sec- tion 7, twenty acres of timber land on section 36, of Poe Township, making a total of 322 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Merritt have three children living — Joseph F., Martha Ella, and Andrew Clayton. Mary Alice is deceased. Mr. Merritt has always taken an active interest in anything that promotes the welfare of the community in which he lives, and is classed among the best citizens of the county, where he has so long resided. Postoffice, Kellerton. •^>- -<=¥!»■ [OLOMON STAHL, a prosperous farmer and stock-raiser of Giant Township, residing on section 14, is a native of Perry County, Ohio, born March 25, 1829, a son of John and Elizabeth (Huff- man) Stahl, natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia respectively, and among the early pioneers of Ohio. Solomon Stahl was reared to the avocation of a farmer, uhicii he has followed through life with the exception of about sixteen years, during which time he followed the mason's trade. He came to Ringgold County, Iowa, November 3, 1864, and has since resided on his present farm, in Giant Township, and by his indus- try and good management he has accumu- lated a tine [)roperty, being the owner of 240 acres, on which he makes his home, and is classed among the well-to-do farmers of his township. .Mr. .Stahl has been twice married, taking for his first wife Miss Eliza- beth E. Guyton, who was born in Perry County, Ohio, in September, 1836. Eight children were born to this union — lohn II., William, Lorelta. A. E., L. IJ., M. C, D. F. and George l-. .Mrs. Stahl died May 9, 1874, and for his second wife Mr. Stahl married Miss Hattie Chivington, who was born in Indiana, September 12, 1852, a daughter of A. and E. Chivington, her father being a native of Penn.sylvania, and the mother born in Indiana. Mr. Stahl has been a veterinary surgeon for fort\ years, and still practices his profession in connection with his agricultural jjursuifs. He is a strong advocate of the cause of temperance, and is a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In poli- tics he votes ilic Republican ticket. •..;■.■ ;i..- ' jLSON \V. DUNSMOOR, deceased, a son of Horace and Jane (Bishop) Dunsmoor, was born in Washington County, Ohio, Septcmbe."- 8, 1830. He was reared a farmer in his native county, where he grew to manhood. Me was united in marriage in 1855 to Miss Elizabeth Breck- enridge, a native of Canada, and a daughter of John and Margaret Brecken- ridge of Washington County, Ohicj. After his marriage Mr. Dunsmoor settled on a farm in Washington County, where he fol- lowed farming till coming to liinggold County, Iowa, in the fall of 1873, when he located on the farm on section 18, Tingley Township, which is still occupied by his widow and son. He was prosperous in his agricultural pursuits, and from a small be- ginning became one of the well-to-do citi- zens of his township, leaving at his death a fine farm containing 320 acres, all well im- proved and under good cultivation. He was sick with pneumonia about four months before his death, which occurred May 16, 1886. He left a wife, a daughter and two sons to mourn his loss — Margaret J., wife of John S. Giles; John H., manag- ing the homo farm, and Alvadore, living in Tingley Township. (Jne (laughter, Elvia. died May 5, 18S5, aged twenty years. In his political viiws .Mr. Dunsmoor was a '♦:.♦: ♦:•: •»:♦: :♦.♦; ;♦:;»: .4::*: :♦♦; »::♦; :••;:♦: /»::<»: !•>:»: ;♦:;«: :«>: *::♦; :♦"♦: ;♦;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:!*': >::«: *:♦: ■♦♦: :♦.♦: :♦:.*; !♦::* >:.«; :♦::♦: .<*::♦: !•;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !♦:•♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:.♦: >;:♦: :«::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::* :♦"♦; »•:♦: >"♦: >::♦: :♦',*; .*:♦: >"♦; :♦:*; :♦:.♦; :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦;;♦: !♦:>: !»:;♦: :♦:* :♦::♦; ;♦!♦: :•♦:■♦; •»!♦; 'fi. ♦' !♦.♦: :♦:♦::♦: >;:♦! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >.;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;'< :♦;>; :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:»; >;* '♦::♦. ♦:>: :*;:♦; :*;>: ;♦;:♦: •»:♦: >:>; >;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;>; ■*;♦; >:>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦>: :♦:>. :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:>: ;♦;:♦; :•»::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::•»: :♦;:•>; :♦;:♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:>; >:;♦: •♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: >::«': :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:«: :*:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦.>; 284 HlSTOHr OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. Staunch Republican, quiet, unassuming, in- dustrious, and strictly honorable in all his dealings, he gained the confidence of all with whom he had business or social inter- course, and at his death left a host of friends to mourn his loss. |LBERT G. BEALL, an early settler of Ringgold County, where he is classed among the enterprising farm- ers and stock-raisers, was born in Wayne County, Ohio, on a farm near Wooster, April i6, 1822. His parents, Zephaniah W. and Eunice (Spink) Beall, were na- tives of Pennsylvania and New York State respectivel3% and were among the earlv settlers of Ohio. They removed to Ringgold County in May, 1859, where both died, the mother November 12, 1862, in her sixty-fifth vear, and the father March 9, 1871, in his seventy-fifth year, at the home of our subject. The)^ were the parents of three sons and two daughters, our subject being the eldest of the family and the only one now living. Albert G. remained on the home farm with his par- ents till attaining the age of twenty-four j'ears, and in his youth attended the dis- trict school where he obtained a fair education. On leaving home he entered the store of Cyrus Spink, where he was employed for eighteen months, and some six months later he went to Oxford, Ohio, where he was engaged in clerking for three years. He then went to the Cuni- berlantl Mountains in Tennessee, and in company with another young man bought cattle which they drove into Ohio, follow- ing this pursuit for two j'cars. In the fall of 1855 he came to Iowa, and after traveling over several counties he settled in Ringgold, purchasing 160 acres on sec- tion 21 of Lott's Creek Township. He re- sided in Mt. Ayr two vears, and part of this time served as deputy recorder, and also as treasurer and deputy clerk of the court. He was married in September, 1857, to Miss Lois Funk of Wa3'ne County, Ohio, a daughter of Hugh Funk who was a native of Virginia. They are the parents of two children — Corwin K. and Eunice May, wife of W. B. Ingram of Mt. Ayr. In the fall of 1857 ^^'■- Beall was elected to the office of county treasurer and re- elected in 1859, but resigned before the ex- piration of his second term. In 1861 he was elected superintendent of the schools of Ringgold County, which position he filled for two years. He was then elected county suiveyor, holding that office from 1863 till 1869, since which time he has de- voted his attention to farming and stock- raising, and bu3Mng and shipping stock, and at the present time is extensively en- ofasfed in breeding short-horn cattle and Oct o Percheron horses. He has now some very fine thorough-bred cattle on his farm, and some imported Percheron horses. His farm now contains 800 acres, all fenced and under cultivation. In politics Mr. Beall casts his suffrage with the Republican party. His famil}' are members of the Christian church, and respected members of society. # M. STEPHENSON, farmer, section 14, Benton Township, was born in '"^ Greene County, Pennsylvania, May 7, 1834, the eldest son of five children of James and Hannah (Miner) Stephenson. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He was married January 14, 1864, to Mary Dulany, of Greene County, daughter of Dennis and Elizabeth Dulany. He engaged in farm- ing in his native count}- until 1867, then came to Ringgold County and settled upon a portion of his present farm, in Benton Township. His first purchase was 100 ;♦.:♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::*. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦]'*; >:>; ;♦::♦: :«•:♦; :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;*: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :'•"♦: :♦;:♦: >:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:*; ;♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:* :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :«:;♦: ■*::* :♦::»: :♦::♦: :♦;•»: :♦::♦: I*;*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■*:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :'•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: . . . ;*:* :♦..♦.:♦.;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦:•♦••♦::♦: >:♦.:♦: >>;;♦: m m »: >.:♦: >:>: >"♦: »: »: *i* :♦:.♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: >:>. >:>: :♦:>: >:>: >:>! :*::♦: :*:;« :♦':♦. >;:♦: :«::♦: :«■>: :♦;>; :•::♦; :♦>: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: :•:;♦: >:>: :♦"'»: >;:♦: >:>: >;:♦: :«::♦: >::♦: >:>: >:>: :♦:>: >::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::«: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: *!•( :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :«"♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::«: :♦.:♦: >::♦: :♦.:♦: ic*: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:«': :«::♦: :«:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: >::♦: :«:♦: :«::♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦: ;«:;♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: »: :«:;<*: :♦;:♦: :«■« :*;»; :c* »;:♦: *::♦::♦:; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 885 acres of land. The improvements con- sisted of a log cabin, and thirty-live acres, broken and fenced. He has since added to his original purchase until he owns 1,150 acres of the best soil to be found in the county, and it is well cultivated and well improved. He is engaged in stock- raising and feeding, usually keeping from 200 to 300 head of cattle. He has a good residence, modern style and well fu.-nished, a corn barn, out-buildings for stock, and everything about the premises betokens the thrift and enterprise of the owner. Mr. and Mrs. Stephenson have two children — James Allen and Myrtle J. Mr. Sicphcn- son has served creditably in nearly all the townsliip offices; is a worthy member of the Missionary Baptist church, and politi- cally is a Democrat. He lias always taken an active interest in tlie advancement of education and religion in his community, and is a liberal supporter of any worthy enterprise. Postoffice, Dclphos. C. HOUSE, of the firm of House & ;ji I Carney, dealers in wagons, buggies, "^ wind mills and farm machinery, Tingley, Iowa, is a native of New York State, born in Oswego County, August 20, 1852, a son of Allen and E. C. (Enslow) House, natives also of the Empire State, the latter being a daughter of John Enslow. When he was three years of age his parents moved to Henry County, Illi- nois, where the father died, and the mother now lives in Tingley, Iowa. Our subject is the second of five children, only two of whom are living. He received a fair edu- cation in the schools of Henry County, and when twenty years of age began teaching, which he followed six years. In the spring of 1878 he came to Iowa, and lived five years on a farm south of Ting- ley. He then movetl to the village, and for eighteen months was engaged in gen- eral merchandising. In October, 1885, he became associated with Mr. Carney, form- ing the present firm succeeding the La- throp Brothers who had been in business about a year. They keep a full stock of everything in their line and have a good trade. In addition to their other busi- ness they represent several of the substantial Eastern fire-insurance com- panies. Mr. House is the recorder of the village of Tingley. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. Mr. House was married in December, 1885, to Miss Emma Hancock, daughter of Vandemar Han- cock, of Monroe Count)', Iowa. iLEASANT J. GRIMES, deceased, was one of the early settlers of Ring- gold C>>"♦!■*>>"♦>"♦>!>!>!!♦>!:♦"♦■:♦■:♦:>:>::♦:>:;♦;:♦:>♦ '♦»>"♦>»>»:'♦»::♦':♦"♦::♦:;♦: .♦;»,:♦ >^ % m. »: *A MM :♦::♦: '^:^, ;«:;♦: >;:♦: >::♦! :«;:♦: >::»: :♦::♦: :♦.:«: :«::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: 'MM. :♦:>: »: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: »: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: MM MM :«::♦: MM m:m MM MM :♦:>: :♦:;♦: MJM MM :♦::♦: »: :«:« M.M :*::*: >::♦: :♦:>: MM :♦::♦: :♦>: :«::♦: :«::♦: MM MM. MM M.M :•::♦: MM MM :♦::♦: M.M. :'»::♦; MTM. :♦.:« MM MM. MM. :«« MJM. MM MM M.M. MM MM MM. m:m MM :♦::« :♦::*: ;«::♦: MM MM MM 'M.MMM. •■• MM :♦■*:*"C*>>:!KCCC*:♦"c**/c*:♦::♦::♦>"♦::*:♦"♦::4•:*:♦^*:♦::♦;»:*^^^ 286 HISTOnr OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. both her parents being deceased. Mr. Grimes settled on the farm on section 6, Tingle}"^ Township, in 1866, which is still occupied by his widow, which contains 240 acres of well cultivated land. Mr. Grimes died May 27, 1877, his death being a source of universal regret in the town- ship where he had lived so man)^ years. He was one of the best stock-raisers of his township, and by his energy and industry became the owner of one of the best farms in Tingley Township. Besides his home farm, he left, at his death, 120 acres in Jefferson, all under fence, which is used as pasture land. He died a Christian, haying been a member of the Lutheran church for many years. Mrs. Grimes and her chil- dren are members of the Christian church, at Tingley. ■^>- <=■«* 5ILES GREEN, farmer, section 24, /||j\vmK Athens Township, was born in ^^^ Warren County, New York, March 22, 1827, son of Reuben H. and Fanny (Mead) Green. His early life was spent on the farm and attending the common schools and Chester Academy. He was married November 30, 1853, to Miss Mary Dunn, of Warren Count}', New York, daughter of Jesse and Susan (Sherman) Dunn. In 1854 they removed to Henry County, Illi- nois, and in 186S to Ringgold County, Iowa. Mr. Green moved upon his present farm in August, 1869. He first purchased eighty acres which was in its wild state. He now has 200 acres of as good land as the town- ship affords, under a high state of cultiva- tion. He has a good two-storv residence, erected in 1880, modern style and well fur- nished. He has a large barn 36 .\ 40 feet, for grain, hay and stock, and an orchard of 200 trees and small fruit. He is also en- gaged in bee culture, has some pure Italian, and a cross with the same. ! le has spent a great deal of time and money upon his premises. Mr. and Mrs. Green are the parents of five cliildren — Elsie, Mary P., Lois, Truman, and George E. Mr. Green is a member of the I. O. of G. T., and polit- icall}' affiliates with the Democratic party. He is classed among the solid and substan- tial men of the township, and has won the confidence of all who know him. His post- office address is Kellerton, Ringgold County, Iowa. FOSTER, merchant, Caledonia, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, ^^® April 21, 1 84 1, son of James and Anna (Burgess) Foster. He was the eldest of si.K children. When he was four years old his parents removed to Holmesville, Holmes Count}-, where he was reared and educated. He was married October 3, 1859, to Miss Lovisa Wheaton, a native of Holmes County, and daughter of David and Sarah Wheaton, who died in 1866, leaving three children — James Franklin, and two now deceased. October i, 1861, Mr. Foster enlisted in Company F, Sixty- fifth Ohio Infantry, and was in several of the most noted battles of the late war. He was in the engagement at Shiloh, Cliicka- mauga, Franklin, Mission Ridge, Stone River, Nashville, Kencsaw Mountain, Big Shanty, and Peach Tree Creek. He was honorably discharged in November, 1865. He resided in Holmes County until 1S70, when he came to Ringgold County, loca- ting in Caledonia, where he was engaged in buying and ship]:)ing stock until 1872. and then engaged in the mercantile busi- ness. Starting in a small way he has grad- ually increased his stock as his trade in- creased, until he now carries a large stock of general merchandise, and by fair dealing has secured the confidence of his patrons. October 3, 1869, he was married to Miss :♦:,♦:.♦;>;.♦;:♦;.♦.:♦>..♦>;;♦>;:♦;>;>::♦:.♦:♦::♦.:•.>;♦:;♦.;♦♦>♦•>;♦: ♦:>;»;:«::v«::*>.A:f;»:*;*:«:>:>>;>:*;,»>:*>^ ::♦::•♦;:♦::♦: ::♦;:♦;*;♦: >::♦: >::♦' :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;>: >::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;•»;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; !»:;♦: :♦:>; :♦;:♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦■ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: >;:♦: ;♦.:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:* :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:.^; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: *;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦•;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;'«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :*;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦;:♦:■*; ;♦:■♦ '♦"♦! ;♦>; >::♦. >♦) :♦::•: >:♦; >:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: 'MM :♦;>; *;♦; >::«! >:;♦; ;•♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: >:;♦; :♦:;♦; >:>: >:♦; ;*:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; ;*;♦; :♦::* :♦::♦; :♦::* :«.:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: ^ ;♦:*. ;♦::« :♦:* :♦.:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; :«:>: :♦:;♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:« :«::♦: :♦:♦: >:»: :♦:♦: >:>: :♦;;♦: :♦::« :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :«;:♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦.:'»: :♦.:♦: :♦.;♦: :♦::♦; >:'♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 287 Lou Huston, of Holmes County, Ohio, and their cliildren arc — Hi)mcr, Granville, By- ron Lindcll, Bessie Allclia, ami Bertha. Mr. F"ostcr is a member of Lodge No. 293, \. O. O. F., and is a member of the Christian churcii. Politically he is a Re- publican. lOBERT JUDY, farmer, residing on \v r section 6, Clinton Township, has been ~!4.\ identified with the interests of Ring- gold C;♦: >>i »: >">; :♦::♦: >:>; :♦;■♦: >::♦: »i >'♦; >i^ >:♦: »; >.»: >,>: :♦;♦; :♦"♦; 's>:m. »: >::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :•::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦>; »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦!>: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: »: > * >>. :♦::♦. :♦:♦: >:♦: >;♦: :♦::♦, :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦;:♦ !•::♦: :♦::♦: >::«: ;♦:>; :♦.;♦: :♦::♦: >:;«: :♦:* ;♦:>. » >.;♦ :♦::♦. :♦.:♦. :♦;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:>: »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦.;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;* :♦;.* »>. :♦:♦. >.«': ;♦;♦; :«::« !»>: *;;« <»::♦: >::«: :♦.:♦; :•::♦: ;«:>: :♦;:♦: :«::«: :♦:♦: :♦:♦::♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦>: »:;♦: »::♦: >"♦: *i* §KN »:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :•••:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; »::♦: >::♦: 'mm :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"* 'm.'H'. :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: w.w. :♦:>: mm mm :♦:>: :♦::♦: *♦;!« k« :♦::♦: !»"♦' M-« :♦:'♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: mm mm m.m :♦::♦: ;♦;* :♦::♦: :♦;•♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ?i* :♦::♦: :♦"♦: •»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: m.m. m.m. »::♦; :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ?;* :♦::♦: i** »::♦: >;•»: m.m. :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦:;*: *:♦: .. . >--».♦.;♦: m.m.m.mMmjmjm.mjmim.:mm.mjm.mifjmimjm~mmjmjm:^^^ 288 HISTORr OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. united in marriage May lo, 1868, to Miss Miriam Dean, a native of the State of Pennsylvania. To this union was born one son, Earl, who died October 30, 1878, the date of his birth being September 18, 1878. Mr. Graham takes an active interest in the affairs of his township, and is at present holdmg the office of assessor to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. His farm which contains eighty acres is under thor- ough cultivation, and the surroundings of his place show the owner to be a thorough, practical farmer. Mr. Graham is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge at Cromwell, Iowa. He is also a comrade of Eda Ottier Post, No. 290, G. A. R., of Clearfield. iEV. S. S^^TH, farmer, section 2, Monroe Township, was born Novem- ber 10, 1 8 16, in County Wicklow, Delganey, Parish of Sheahana, Ireland, son of William and Henrietta (Sargent) Smith, who were the parents of eight children. When he was three years of age his father came to Canada, and died two )-ears later. Mr. Smith was then taken to Franklin County, New York, where his early life was spent at farm labor. Two years of this time he was in a grog shop, poisoning and dealing out liquor by the glass. He ob- tained his education by hard study at home, at night by the light of the fire, attending school only three months in his life. He was married December 20, 1838, to Miss Mary Lampher, born in St. Lawrence County, New York, who died in 1873. He united with the Methodist Episcopal church in 1836, and afterward united with the Methodist Protestant church. He was licensed to preach in 1841, and in 1844 he removed to Ohio where he preached the gospel as a circuit rider. In 1849 he re- moved to Sangamon County, Illinois, where he resided seven years, engaged in the cause of his Master, traveling over the northern part of the State. In 1857 he came to Buchanan County, Iowa, where he did much hard work in the cause of Christianity. In 1876 he came to Ring- gold County, and settled in Monroe Town- ship, where he has since resided. He has a farm of eighty acres in a good state of cultivation and well improved, a comfort- able house, an orchard of 120 trees, native grove of two acres, out-buildings for stock, and ever3'thing about the premises looks cozy and home-like. In November, 1875, he was married to Mrs. Sarah Nelson, a lady of more than ordinary intelligence, who was a widow with five children — Charles W., Clara, Effie, Nettie and Katie. Mr. Smith has preached the gospel about thirty years, and has been able to do a great deal of work in his Master's cause. His specialty is "the defense of truth against false doctrines." He has alwa3^s taken an active interest in anything pertaining to the cause of religion and education, and is a zealous worker in the cause of temper- ance. His theological studying was done mainly on horseback. T. SMITH, proprietor of liver}', sale and feed stable. Redding, was l^=^i^ * born in Jefferson County, Iowa, August 23, 1845, son of William and Catharine Smith. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. Upon arriving at the age of manhood he married Miss Elizabeth Burton, and they had four children — Omar, Sarah Belle, Vio- let and Allie May. Mrs. Smith died in 1 88 1, and January 6, 1884, Mr. Smith was married to Melvina Stewart. He came to Ringgold Coiintv in 1870, locating on sec- tion 7, Middle Fork Township, where he improved eight}' acres of land. He now owns 212 acres of well-cultivated and well >::*"*::*!i?:«:ccccc*:c«:*;cccccc«:«*:«:«:cc*:c*:*::c*:*:*;:*:»:.*::*;:*::*:* :♦::♦;:♦::♦: ;♦;:♦;*:»; ■^?§ m:m. :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: m.m. m.m. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; m.m. 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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. .iS9 improved laiul. He followed fanning un- til l8S6, when he removed to Redding. He keeps good stock and his carriages and driving horses are of the best. He is also engaged in draying. Mrs. Smith is pro- prietor of " Mrs. Smith's Millinery Store "' at Rcdtiing, where she carries a large stock of millinery, such as is usually kept in a first-class millinery store in larger towns. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are enterprising, cour- teous and accommodating, and riclilv de- serve the public pationage. iBNER GOODELL, of Union Town- ship, residing on section 19, is a na- tive of Connecticut, born March i, 1829. When an infant he was taken by his parents, Jonathan and Sophia (Clark) Goodell, to Marion County, Ohio, and in that county he was reared to manhood, his youth being spent in assisting with the work of the farm during the summer months, and in the winter attending scliool. He was the eldest child in a family of four children, of which he was the only son. His father died in 1S39, at the early age of thirty-two years. Thus early in life our subject was largely thrown on his own re- sources, and was the main reliance of his mother and her younger children. Jan- uary 8, 1852, Mr. Goodell was united in marriage to Miss Fanny A. Bunker who was born in Canada, July 4, 1831, a daugh- ter of John L. and Priscilla Bunker. Mr. and Mrs. Goodell arc the parents of ten children — Jonathan died in 1852, aged nine months; Eliphaz married Ella John- son and has two children — Oral and an in- fant; Grace, living at home; William L., died in 1863, aged seven years; Cora E., died in 1861, aged eighteen months ; James died in 1863, aged three years; George, Edmund and Dora at home; and Horace A. who died in 1872, aged about one year. Mr. Goodell continued to reside in Marion County, Ohio, until he made his home in Ringgold County, Iowa, in 1856. Besides his own family he was accompanied to this county by his mother, who died at his home in 1879, ''t the age of seventy -one years, and his two sisters — Alithca, wife of E. D. Hatch who now lives at .Mt. Avr, and Rulh C. who afterward married Am- brose Wright and died in Union Township in 1869. One sister of our subject, named Lucy, died in Oliio in Februar)-, 1S40, aged seven years. Mr. Goodell came to Iowa in 1S55 when he entered 160 acres of Gov- ernment land in Union Township, a part of his present farm, where he built a small plank house in October, 1856, which stood a little in front of the siteol his present res- idence, which is the finest in the neigh- borhood. He brought with him to this county a small capital, having $300 in cash and a good team. I le has witnessed al- most all the changes which have taken place in Ringgold County, having been among the first to settle here, and has watched with interest the rapid develop- ment of the townsliip where he has made his home for so many years. He has ex- perienced all the vicissitudes of pioneer life, and has met with misfortunes, and has had his share of sickness, 3et, he has by his persevering energy, industry and frugal- ity prospered beyond his expectations, and has now a competency (or his declin- ing years. His farm now contains 420 acres of well-improved land, and his fine res- idence property, on section 19, adjoins the village of Wirt on the west. Mr. and Mrs. Goodell were reared in the faith of the Presbyterian church, and are still united with that dencjniination. Mr. Gooilcll is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belong- ing to Banner Lodge, at Wirt, No. 437, and is also a member of Mt. Ayr Cha|)ter. In politics he is an ardent Republican. He has served his township in many official ». :«::♦: ;♦:* :♦;« ;«::« :♦::♦; :«::« >:>: M^ :«::♦: >:>; :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:,♦; :♦:♦: :*;♦: »; :«::♦: :*::♦: :♦::«£ ;♦::♦: »; ;♦;♦; >::«': .♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;♦; :«:.>. ;♦>; :♦;■•: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: >"♦; :♦.:♦: ;♦,.♦: :♦:>: :♦:.♦; ;♦>: :♦;>; ;♦:>: >;;♦: >;♦; >:>: ;♦:.♦; :*..«! : :♦.:♦; ;♦;* :♦:;«! :♦:;♦: :«:»: ;«;:♦: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦:« :♦:« &\ !♦>: *::* :♦:;« :♦;« :♦"«! :♦:.« :: :*::♦: • :♦"♦■;♦:>;* ♦ ' ♦♦♦♦♦♦ 290 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;<>:>; :♦:.*; :♦>; :♦"« :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦;:*' »::« :♦::♦; :♦»: :♦::«■: :♦;:« ••■•♦i :♦;;♦: :•»::«; :••::♦: :*:.*; :♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«-: :♦::♦: >::♦: :*,:« :♦::« »;:♦: »::♦: »: :♦:»: :♦::♦: ^* »>: »>; :♦"♦: :■»:>: :*:♦; :♦::« :♦;:* ■^:« ■>:;♦: ■'.•^; :.»: .'•>: ■:,♦: ■■-::<• ;«•:>: :♦;;■♦; ■>;*: >:*: :!^)♦: ':♦: :-::♦: ;♦.;*: :♦:;■•■; :♦::♦! ;>■;♦: ->::*; ■•:♦: ■'.■♦: :■.«■: •->; ■■..♦; '::♦: ■ ■'.:♦; .->:;♦: ;<^*: :«.:♦: ;•»;;♦: :♦:.*; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :■♦:>: '♦::♦: ;•>:>; .<-:■♦; .•»:;*: y/:;»: :♦:;♦; >::♦: :'•;:« >'*; >.;>■: ■;■* ■ :♦: trusts, filling all offices faithfully and ac- ceptably, and has also served on the coun- ty Board of Supervisors. Mr. Goodell is widely known throughout the county, and few pioneer settlers are more highly re- spected than he. !TH S. BEALL, deceased, was the young- est son of Zephaniah W. and Eunice ^ Beall, and was born in Ohio, the date of his birth being June 30, 1828. His early life was passed on the home farm in Ohio, and in his youth he acquired a fair knowl- edge of the common branches by attending the district schools. At the age of nine- teen years he began teaching school, a pro- fession he followed several years. He came to Mt. Ayr, Ringgold County, Iowa, in the fall of 1856, and taught the first school at that place, where he was engaged for one year. He was married June 17, 1 85 8, to Charlotte W. Swan, a native of the State of Maine, the second daughter of Isaac and Lydia B. Swan. She came to Mt. Ayr in June, 1857, with her parents, her father becoming one of the most enterprising citi- zens of that place. He died in Ringgold County, Iowa, in 1868. To Mr. and Mrs. Beall were born four children, of whom three are yet living — Eunice, Randolph S. and Walter H. A daughter, Delia, died aged five years. About the fall of 1857 Mr. Beall was appointed Deputy Recorder, which position he filled for two years. He was then appointed deputy clerk for a term of two years, and at the expiration of his term of office he was re elected, serving in all a period of four years, when he resigned and engaged in the real-estate business, and was largely engaged in that pursuit until his death, which occurred March 22, 1876, and while in the real-estate business he did a great deal of writing in the clerk's office. He was one of the active and public-spirited citizens of his county and was always in- terested in an}' enterprise for the advance- ment of the same. He was a member in good standing of the Masonic fraternit)\ He established the Ringgold Record and was its editor for one year. The family residence in Mt. Aj-r was burned in December, 1880, and in March, 1881, the family removed to their farm on section 17, Poe Township, which contains 200 acres of choice land, where they have since made their home. T. MILLER, proprietor of the Clin- ton Valley Stock Farm, CHnton * Township, resides on section 3. He was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, March 6, 1836, son of Henr}' Miller, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work. He was the youngest of the family, and his early life was spent on the farm and in attend- ing the common schools of his native State. He was married March 24, 1859, t*^ Miss Elizabeth Jane Zollman, also a native of Rockbridge County, and daughter of Henry and Elvira (Shafer) Zollman. A short time after his marriage Mr. Miller started for Iowa, coming all the way by team. He first purchased forty acres of wild land in 1862, and one year later bought forty acres adjoining. Twenty-five acres had been broken and a rude log cabin constructed. A few apple trees had also been planted. He has since added to his original purchase until he owns a farm of 815 acres. It con- sists largely of rich bottom lands on the West Fork of Grand River, and is known to be one of the best stqck farms in Ring- gold County. In a few j'ears the rude log cabin gave way to the hewed-log house, and the latter soon gave way to his present residence, which was erected in 1876. It is built in modern style and is well fur- nished. He has a large corn barn, 42 x 50 feet, sixteen-foot posts with a rock base- ^>;:♦::♦:;♦;:♦::♦;>;;♦;:♦:>;;c♦:;♦;:c♦:>:;c♦;>;:♦;>>:;♦>;:«>;:♦;;«c*»>>;:c*:^^ 14 > ^ :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦;>; >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦! :♦;>: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: »•:« '^:^. :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦!> :♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: [♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦; :«;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::« m :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :«;« :♦:»: :♦::♦: :*:« :-«:♦: :**: :*>; :♦::♦: »:>: :«;♦: :♦:»; :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: »::« »:;♦: :«:♦: »::« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !*!»: :«»: :♦:»: :«:« :♦::♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: WM :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.«: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦;•♦; p 'i \ ^^ BIUUHAVIUCAL HKE TCJiES. 2aa .♦.♦. >>! >>! »; :♦:;♦: »; >::«) !♦,:♦; >;* »: >;>; >::♦: >;;♦: *!* >:>: »; >.;♦. :♦:>; :♦::♦: ;♦■:♦: >:>: >::♦; :♦:>: >:♦: >;>; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :«;«: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦':♦: >::*: :♦:>; >;:♦: :♦::« :♦:>: >::«: :♦>; :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦.:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦:* :♦;:♦: >:;* :♦::♦: :♦::« :«:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦,:♦: >'»: :♦::♦: >:;♦: >::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '»:.*. :♦:■* :♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦■ :«::*: :«::♦: :«:»: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:♦' :♦:♦' :♦:♦: ment of eight feet It is substantially built, and has all the modern conveniencies for feeding anil caring for stock. It is one of the best arranged barns in Southern Iowa. Mr. .Miller is extensively engaged in stock- raisinu^ and feeding, and is making a spe- cialty of thorough-bred short-horn cattle, and in his herd of twenty five can be found some of the best registered stock in Ring- gold County. He also has a number of improved draught horses. Politicall}' Mr. Miller is a Republican. He has served creditably as township clerk, member of Schiiol Board, and in 1883 was delegate to the State Convention. He is a member of the United Brethren in Christ church, and is always interested in religious or educa- tional matters. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are the parents of ten children — Carrie B., now Mrs. R. L. Loutzenhiser ; Elvira C, now Mrs. C. E. Hoover; Virginia E., now Mrs. John Warden ; Margaret, Jane, Henry, John T., Charles Z., William B. and Bessie Dot. Mr. Miller has by honest dealing won the confidence of this community. Postoffice, Redding. •e-^ F. T.VLBOT, deceased, was one of the most highl3--respected citizens of »' Ringgold County. He was a native I of the .State of Pennsylvania, born near the Virginia line, in the year 1809. At an early age he went to Morgan County, Ohio, and there he grew to manhood, and married Lucy Lawrence, December 26, 1832. In 184S he removed to McLean County, Illi- nois, and resided in Bloomington for ten years, and in 1858 came to Ringgold Coun- ty, Iowa, where he made his home till his death, which occurred January 30, 1882, his wife having died some twenty odd years previous. Mr. Talbot was a Repub- lican in his political views from the organi- zation of that party, and though he never sought official positions he always took a deep interest in political affairs. He was a very prominent citizen of Ringgold County, and for several years was a mem- ber of the Board of Supervisors. He was a consistent member of the Christian church, as was evidenced by his daily life. We will not describe the many good quali- ties of head and heart possessed by him, as his life and daily walk were more forcible and eloquent than mere empty words, and those who knew him in years gone by will so decide. His end was peaceful, as should be the close of a well-spent life. He looked upon death simply as a transition from one state of existence to another much better. fOEL BROWN, farmer, section 25. Middle Fork Township, was born in Warren County, Indiana, December 8, 1830. His parents were William and Su- sannah (Waggoner) Brown, natives of Kentucky. The}- were married in Wash- ington Count)', Indiana, and reared a fam- ily of nine children, of whom Joel was the second. He was reared to manhood in his native county, passing his time in assisting on the farm and attending the common schools. He was married August 21, 1851, to Miss Avaline Cox, daughter of David and Mary Cox. In September, 1854, he started for Iowa with horse team and was on the road twenty days. The first winter was spent in Mahaska County and the following spring he came to Ringgold County and settled in Middle Fork Town- ship, entering the land where he now re- sides, from the Government. His first house was built of logs, 16x18 feet, with puncheon floor and clapboard roof. He has made improvements from time to time until his farm is in its present condition. He has a comfortable house, an orchard of three acres, a variety of small fruits, and is en- •' ♦»>■>?:♦>■>■'♦■■■•'■#:♦■'■ :*;*;>:>::*::»;>:>::*;:«:.>;>;;»;>>:>::«;:«;>:>::*.:c*:>"*:>"*:*"*\>\*"^^^^ :to**:»:>:>:>::*:>;>::cccc*>"cc*;>;:*;>;:*;:*::*:>::*;c*::*::*:c»:;*::»:>:>:*^^^ :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :«:♦: >,:♦: :♦::♦: mw. :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;■* ;♦;:♦; :*"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >"♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: *<:♦; :♦,;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :•»;;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦':♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>; :♦:■♦■ :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; '♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: >::♦::♦: 294 HISTORy OF HIAGGOLD COUNTY. gaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have six children — William David, Isaac R., Clarissa Jane, Louisa Lucretia, Phillip Jasper and Charles Nathan. Mr. Brown has served creditabi)' as justice of the peace, constable and mem- ber of the School Board. He belongs to the Masonic order. Lodge No. 169, Mt. Ayr, and is a member of the Advent Christian church, of which he is deacon. Politically he is a Republican. Postoffice, Thomas. EORGE S. ALLYN, cashier of the Mt. Ayr Bank, was born in De Witt County, Illinois, in the town of Clin- ton, March 9, 1847. His parents. Rev. Henry and Emily E. (Forman) AUyn, were natives of Hartford, Connecticut, and Kentucky respectively. They were mar- ried in Illinois, and to them were born two sons and three daughters, George S. being the eldest child. His father was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church for many 3^ears. George S. Allyn spent his boyhood days in the various places to which his father was called to preach, and in his youth obtained a fair education. He began teaching school at the age of eight- een years, and in the fall of 1866 came to Ringgold County, Iowa, where he followed farming during the summer months and taught in the winters until the fall of 1872, when he was elected clerk of the courts of Ringgold County, assuming the duties of his office January i, 1873, ^'i*-' served as such three terms of two years each. Dur- ing this time he became associated with C. B. Morris in the real-estate business, and continued until Mav i, iS86, when Allyn Bros, bought the business. Mr. Allyn was united in marriage in 1876, to Miss Mary V. Kinsell, a daughter of D. C. Kinsell. They are the parents of four children, three sons and one daughter. Mr. Allyn was appointed postmaster at Mt. Ayr and served two 3'ears, during Hays' administra- tion, when he resigned in favor of Robert Williams. In June, 1880, he and his part- ner, C. B. Morris, organized the Mt. A3'r Bank, where they carried on a general bank ing business until Ma}^ i, 1886, when Mr. Morris retired and was succeeded by J. H. Allyn; this is the leading institution of the kind in Mt. Ayr. Mr. Allyn has held the position of cashier since its organiza- tion. Mr. Allyn belongs to the lodge and chapter of the Masonic fraternity, and is a member of the Mt. Ayr Lodge, No. 69, I. O. O. F. He is also a Good Templar, and has served as worthy chief templar of his lodge. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is steward and trustee. l^ENJAMIN W. TALBOT, who died % 'iih ''*■ Sedan, Chautauqua County, Kan sas, December 2, 1882, was a son of Allen F. and Lucy (Lawrence) Talbot, who were among the old settlers of Ringgold County. The deceased spent man)^ years of his life in Ringgold Count}', and subse- quently removed to Kansas, where he found his last resting-place. At the outbreak of the civil war he offered his services, enlist- ing as a private in. Company G, Fourth Iowa Infantry, and after serving his coun- try for four years returned home a com- missioned officer. After removing to the State of Kansas he acted as deputy sheriff of Chautauqua County, which office he held at the time of his death. He was a faithful officer, never shrinking from doing his duty. He was a kind husband and an af- fectionate father, and as neighbor and citizen was held in high esteem wherever he made his home. He was a faithful member of the Christian church. He was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and at *:c*;:*;*;»;:»;:*:>;»:;C't5:*::*:*;:'»;:C'*:*::*;ccccc«*:*>;:cc*;»x*^^^ ;c«c*;:*:;*>:»;>::*::«*>:>;»:>:»:*::«*;:cc*»;;c*;;C'M>>>:;cccc« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦;:♦: :«•.:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;•»: *¥ :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :*;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: .*::♦; :♦::♦,' ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦•:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: >"♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;>; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; »:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !♦:>: :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: , >"♦: ;*>;>■ :♦»: :♦..♦:♦' :♦;♦; »:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :*:»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::«: :♦;« :*:;♦: ;♦:;«': :♦:♦: :♦:*: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: '•;■♦: :♦::♦: ••::♦: :«:♦: >;.♦: :♦;♦: :*:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; !»:;♦; *:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >"♦: >::•• >;>: :«;:*: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: •♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;>; :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;.♦; :*.♦: !♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::•: :♦::♦: ■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;!*: '♦■■♦■ :♦;■♦"♦'>■■♦:.♦:.♦..♦;:♦"♦;:♦♦ ♦ ♦' ♦' ♦' >■ ♦' .♦ .♦; >:>;♦♦ »♦>'•♦»"♦"♦::♦■»:»:>:!♦;!♦"♦"♦"♦!»;♦♦ ♦ »:♦.♦:♦:.♦:;♦.>:.♦:;♦:.♦.;♦,>;*>.;♦:♦>.>..♦>"♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ♦ ♦'♦;♦■'♦;» ♦ ♦ > ♦ *.♦.*>:>:.♦„♦♦ • • * ♦ « ♦ ♦ 295 his death T. N. King, CommaiKlcr of Stone River Post, No. 74, issued an order, call- ing a meeting of the post to make arrange- ments for the burial of their beloved brother, and seventy-two veterans were in attendance to pay the last tribute of respect to their dead comrade. They laid him to rest beneath the Hag he honored and so gal- lantly defended. ■^»- -<^ie«- -*H» SRANCIS ELLIS, proprietor of the El- lis House and livery stable in Mt. Ayr, is a native of Virginia, born March 31. 1832, a son of Francis Ellis. His parents were natives of Ireland, immigrat- ing to America about 1825, when they located in Virginia, where the father fol- lowed mercantile pursuits. When our sub- ject was two years old his parents removed from Norfolk, Virginia, to Coshocton County, Ohio, where the father followed farming till his death. The mother also died in that county, at the advanced age of ninety-three years. They were the parents of ten children, of whom four arc yet liv- ing. Francis Ellis, the subject of this sketch, passed his youth in Coshocton County, receiving his education in the dis- trict schools. At the age of nineteen years he went to Davis County, Iowa, with a 160 acre land warrant his oldest brother gave his life for in the city of iMe.\ico. In 1854 he was married to Miss .Susannah W. Yoast, a native of Ohio, but at the time of her mar- riage living in Davis County, I(jwa, with her father and mother, and teaching district school. They have two children — Truman C, and Mary Olive, wife of W. A. Reger. Truman B. graduated from the Medical College, at Iowa City, and is now a practicing physician of Bethan)', Mis- souri. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis have lost three children by death. After his marriage Mr. Ellis settled on a farm in Davis County, where he followed farming until 1859, when he engaged in the hotel business, and also bought a steam saw-mill, which he oper- ated a year. In i860 he went to Pike's Peak, Colorado, where he engaged in min- ing, but did not meet with much success. He returned to Davis County, and from there went to Wayne County, Iowa, where he followed agricultural pursuits until 1865, when he came with his family to Mt. Ayr, and again engaged in the hotel business, keeping the Mt. Ayr House, commencing on but $400 capital, and from this small beginning he built up a large business, and after running the hotel for nine years he retired with $28,000. He then purchased 1,010 acres of land, and en- gaged in general farming and stock-raising, but instead of making money in this enter- prise he lost, owing to the prices of stock going down as well as all farm products. He soon abandoned farming and returned to Mt. A)-r, purchasing his present hotel, which is the leading house in the city. It contains forty-five rooms, which are all well-furnished and fitted up for the com- fort of his patrons, all the accommodations being first-class, and in connection with his hotel he runs a livery well supplied with good horses and vehicles of difTercnt kinds, and is well prepared to accommodate the traveling public, and by his genial and ac- commodating manners he has made a suc- cess of his hotel, and gained tiic respect of all who know him. ?M. THO.MAS, residing on section i, Middle Fork Township, was born in <» Muskingum County, Ohio, October 12, 1848. His parents were Dr. William and Ann (Burdett) Thomas, natives of Loudoun County, Virgmia. They reared a family of six children — J. H., Matilda, Lucretia, Louisa, Martha and Susan. 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In 1868 Mr. Thomas commenced teaching, and followed that vocation several years. He was married October 22, 1874, to Miss Hernon Hoge- and, daughter of Hon. James S. and Mary Ann (Woods) Hogeland, who were the parents of six children — Elvira, Hernon, John, Peter, Laura and Mollie. In the spring of 1878 Mr. Thomas removed to Nebraska, and the year following located in Ringgold County, where he has since resided. His farm consists of eighty acres of well-cultivated and well-improved land. He has a comfortable, well-fur- nished cottage, and all modern conven- iences. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas have three children — Dotha Mabel, Stanle}' Roscoe and Corwin. Mr. Thomas was candidate for county auditor in 1885, but was de- feated. Although a 3'oung man, and a re- cent settler in the county lie has gained an enviable reputation. Politically he is a Republican. Postoffice, Mt. Ayr. iEV. E. E. AUXIER was born in Ma. son County, Illinois, August 10, 1846. His parents were Eli V., and Marga- ret (Whipp) Auxier, tlie fc^rmcr a native of Big Sandy, Kentucky, and the latter also a native of Kentucky. They were mar- ried in Menard Count}', Illinois, in 1838, and were the parents of six children, two of whom are living — E. E. and Lydia A. Mr. Auxier passed his early life assisting on the farm, and attending the district school, and studying at home. At the age of twenty-three he married Miss Paulina Killiom, a native of Menard County. At the age of twent3'-six, he united with the Missionary Baptist church. In 1879 he came to Ringgold County and purchased his present farm, which contains eighty acres of well-cultivated land, a good, com- fortable residence surrounded with trees, an orchard of 200 trees, and a large variety of small fruits. He has in charge four church organizations — the Palestine Church, two and a half miles west of Leon ; New Salem, five miles east of Davis City ; Camdon, three and a half miles northeast of Westerville, and Provi- dence Church, three and a half miles southeast of Davis City, in New Buda Township. Mr. and Mrs. Auxier have one child — James W. Mr. Auxier is a zealous and consistent worker in the cause ol his Master, and has been able to do much gospel work in Ringgold and Deca- tur counties. Postoffice, Kellerton. "-S>l^'^^'^i*^^ 296 HISTORr OF lilNGGOLD COUNTY. >>i '*;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦"♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :■«■;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: .%:♦: »::♦: »:;♦: »:;♦: ;♦::♦: »;;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"'»: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦. :•»;>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: s»::« :♦::<»: :■»:>: »;:♦: :♦::♦: >:;»: »:>: >::♦; :♦;;♦: »:•»; »;;♦: >:>: ;•»:;*: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦:•♦! :*:>: :♦:'♦;:•! :♦;:♦::♦: ».♦:.♦:.♦;.♦::♦;.••..♦;>..♦:>.,♦.;♦::♦:.♦;;♦,;♦;.♦;,♦..♦:.♦;♦.:♦„♦.;♦:;♦;,♦..♦„♦:*;♦.>..♦..♦..♦,.♦..♦, fOHN MILLER, farmer, section 11, Athens Township, was born in Stark County, Ohio, July 5, 1838. His par- ents were William and Mary (Downs) Mil- ler, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of England. They were married in Stark County, and reared a family of three children — John, Catharine and William. One son was a member of the Forty-eighth Ohio and was killed at Remington, Virginia. When John was eight years of age his parents removed to Huntingdon County, Indiana, where he passed his youth, assisting on the farm and attending the common schools. Duringthe late war he enlisted, October, 1861, in Com- pany E, Fifty-sixth Illinois Engineer Corps, and was in the service one year. He was hon- orabl)' discharged in 1862, and returned to Putnam Count)'. In 1863 he was married to Mrs. Susan (Ma^wood) Hale, and one year later removed to Coles County, Illinois, and in 1865 came to Ringgold County and settled upon his present farm, which was par- tiall}' improved. Five or six acres had been broken and a plank cabin had been built. '♦:«;♦:'♦' '«,v'«:«v:«:c4t::x.^«:x:*"«^:!K:«::>:% :•.♦ »: !♦;> >:♦; »; :♦";♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: >:>: :♦:>; >:>; >;*: ■•::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;♦; :♦.:♦; >:♦; *>; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦.»: ;♦>: >:♦; >::♦; :•::♦: :♦:;♦; ♦ ♦; BIOGRAPH/CAI, SKETCHED. :i»T Here Mr. Miller has since resided and con- tinued to improve his farm. It contains I20 acres in a good state of cultivation, a comforlahle house and out-buiklinijs for stock. He also has one of the best orchards in Rings^^old County. There are 1,000 trees of fifty different varieties. Mr. Miller has spent a great deal of time and monev upon his farm, and it shows the enterprise and thrift of its owner. He is a worthy and consistent member of the Christian church, and is classed among the best citizens of Athens Township. Politically he is a Re- publican. Postoffice, Kellerton. 13. HALL, farmer, section 16, Athens Township, was born in Jackson \'^ County, Ohio, in 1845. His parents, John and Charlotte Hall, reared a family of eight children — Elizabeth, Rachel, Hes- ter, Amos P., Asburv, R. li., Eliza and Harriet. R. B. was the sixth child. In 1S56 his parents moved to Appanoose County, Iowa, where he passed his early life in assisting in the farm work and at- tending the common schools. Julv 14, 1862, he enlisted in Company F, Eighteenth Iowa Infantry, and participated in the bat- tle at Springtickl, Missouri, in the Camden expedition, and in most of the prominent engagements of the Southwest. In an en- gagement under General Steele, the Eight- eenth Iowa and a Kansas colored regiment were in one of the most desperate fights on record. The Eighteenth had about 400 men, and the colored regiment about 600, against 6,000 rebels. The Eighteenth lost 100 men, and the colored was nearly an- nihilated. .Mr. Hall was also at the battle of Saline River and several other engage- ments. He was honorably discharged, August 7, 1865, at Davenport, Iowa, and returned to his home in Appanoose Countv. He was married, .Ma}- 4, 1871, to .Miss Elizabeth Sutton, of Wayne County, tlaughtcr of T. \V. and Deborah (Quary) Sutton. By this marriage there were four children — Howard, Lulu, Clr.ra, who died at the age oi two years, and John, who died in infancy. Mrs. Hall died January 12, 1879, and March 21, 1880, Mr. Hall was united in marriage with .Miss Elizabeth Walker, daughter of Joseph and Charlotte Walker, of Wayne County. By this mar- riage are three children — Grace, Ernest Blaine and Pearl. .Mr. Hall removed to his present farm in 1880. He has 320 acres of well-improved land, a good residence, surrounded with shade and ornamental trees; out-buildings for stock, and a good orchard. He is a member of Post 96, G. A. R., at Mt. Ayr, and politicall}' is a Republican. He is one of the leading men of his township. Postoffice, Kellerton. •"tSJiS/^fS^"—^ .^fSiJOTiv [bI^ILLIAM R. PECKHAM, deceased, was an enterprising farmer and i~C;>^^rj early settler of Tingle)- Township, removing from Holmes County, Ohio, to Ringgold County, Iowa, in the fall of 1864. He located on section 21, where he had a farm of eighty acres, and alsi^ had eighty on section 15, northwest of the village of Tingley. He was a prominent citizen of the township, and was held in liigh esteem by all who knew him. lie was born in Holmes County, Ohio, .August 25, 1S36, a son of William and Rebecca (Rawlston) Peckham. He was reared in his native county, and was there married, December 28. 1857, to Kate Bell, a daughter of Alex- ander and Nancy Bell, .\fter his mar- riage, he settled on a farm in Ohio, where they lived until the fall of i860, when they moved to DeKalb County, Missouri, and came from there to Ringgold County, Iowa, and a vcar later returned to Ohio. ♦ ♦ ,♦ ♦ ,♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦, ;♦ ♦ > «. > ♦! > ♦ :♦;♦ :♦:♦; :♦:♦; >::♦: >-♦ ;♦>: :♦:;♦; >■>: >:;♦; ■*.♦; :♦::•: :♦:♦: :♦♦' :♦ ,♦' >-♦ :♦;♦; :♦.:♦: >>! »■ :♦:;♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦♦' >.:♦. :♦.;♦: :♦'♦: >* :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦.♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: !♦:* >:>: >:♦: :♦;♦: ;♦:« :♦::♦: ;*:♦: ;♦::♦■ :♦:♦: ;♦:♦: :♦.;♦. :♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦:♦; ;♦.:♦: !•:♦■ :♦.;♦: >:>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦.;♦; >::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦. :♦.:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«'♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:«: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: ;♦::♦: ■♦::♦: ;♦':♦: :•♦■:♦: :«>; •♦■•♦••♦■•♦"♦^■•♦■♦^"♦"♦■'♦"♦■>->'*-v»;>::*y*::«;*::*::*:*;;.»::.»;:**r*:;*:*:»;*:* :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: ■»;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦:•»: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; •*;♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"'*: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; *::♦; :♦;;♦; >:;♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"*; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;«"♦: :♦"♦; :*:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >"'*: ;♦:;♦: ^* >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: w.w. :♦::♦: :♦:•»; :♦"♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦! :♦::♦' ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:•♦: ;♦::■»; ;♦::♦: *:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦■;♦! :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;>: 298 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. Soon after his return to Ohio, Mr. Peck- ham enlisted in Company A, One Hun- dred and Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry, and served five months, being mustered out in 1863. In 1864 he came again to Iowa, and located on the farm, where he died, Ma}' 16, 1884. He was a devoted member of the Christian church. Mrs. Peckham re- sides on the homestead. She has no chil- dren of her own, but is raising a boy, with whose assistance she carries on the farm. Her residence is a good, two-story frame building, and her other farm buildings are comfortable and commodious. She is a member of the Christian church, and an esteemed citizen of the township. F. HETZER, farmer, section 4, Mid- dle Fork Township, was born in Meigs County, Ohio, March 10, 1828. His parents were Phillip and Sarah (Dern- berger) Hetzer, natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania. They reared a family of eight children — Phillip, John, George, Augustus, Peter F., James W., Sarah and Columbus. Mr. Hetzer resided in his na- tive county until twenty -seven years of age. He was reared a farmer, and obtained his education in the common schools. At the age of twenty-two he was employed on a steamboat on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, where he remained several years. He was married in 1855 to Miss Catherine Gilbert, a native of Athens County, and that same year came to Iowa and located in Mahaska County, where he resided about three years ; then came to Ringgold County and settled upon his present farm, in Middle Fork Township, where he has since resided. He o w ns 1 20 acres of as good land as can be found in the township, and it is well cultivated and well improved. He has a good stor^-and-a-half residence, well furnished, surrounded with shade trees. out-buildings for stock, and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. and Mrs. Hetzer are the parents of two chil- dren — Cerilda, and Keziah, who is a suc- cessful teacher. Mr. and Mrs. Hetzer are worthy and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and politi- cally he is a Democrat. Postoffice, Del- phos. T. CARTER— Among the intelligent and enterprising fanners of Benton Township, none are more favorably known than the subject of this sketch, who occupies section 28. He is a native of Iowa, born August 17, 1854, the son of J. D.Car- ter, a prominent pioneer of Ringgold County, whose sketch can be seen on an- other page of this work. The latter loca- ted in Benton Township when his son was fifteen months old, and brought him up on the farm, educating him at the common school, and at Garden Grove, Iowa. In 1874 our subject engaged in mercantile business in Mormontown, Iowa ; about two years afterward he moved to Kansas, where he was engaged some months in a mercan- tile house, and for a time afterward was employed at farming, one season ; and in 1878 he returned tohis home township, loca- ting on his present farm, in 1882. This farm, containing 120 acres, is in a high state of cultivation, well equipped, and as fine as any in the township. His residence, one and a hall stories high, is surrounded with shade and ornamental trees. Mr. Carter's occupation is that of general farming, while he gives considerable attention also to stock-raising and feeding. Some of his live stock is of fine breeds. By his judi- cious management he has attained an en- viable position financially, while socially and politically he stands high in the coun- ty. He is a Republican in his political 'f^:f^. 'fi.'ff. >::♦: :♦.:♦: >::♦: :♦.:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: *;♦: :♦:>: ;♦:>; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::* :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :«::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; ;«.:♦: >::♦; ;♦.:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >:;♦; :♦;;♦; :■«■::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: m :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦! ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;«'::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»•;;•♦• :♦::♦; >* ;♦;:♦. ;♦;:♦: >::♦: :«::♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ♦. ;♦ ,♦: :♦; ♦. ♦ •' • ♦ ♦, ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦: ;♦. .♦. .♦! .♦: ♦. ♦. ♦. ♦. .♦. ,♦. .♦. .♦: * .♦. 299 :♦: ■♦■•■:♦ :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦.:« :♦>; :c* :♦::♦: :«:'« :♦;:♦: :♦:*: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: ;♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: 'it:*. :♦;;♦; 4j»: ;♦::♦: :♦:•»: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: ;♦:>: ;♦::*: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :•::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:«: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :*::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '♦••»: :♦::♦; ■»:♦■ :♦"♦' :♦"♦: :♦"♦' :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦! :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:■•! :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :*::*' :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;•' :♦'»: :♦::♦' :♦"♦' .♦.♦ :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: i** .♦::♦: :♦;* !♦:♦! ;♦;* :♦::♦: >"♦' >"♦' ■ * -> ♦ ;♦:;•: :♦:.♦: ;♦:.♦: ♦ ♦■ views. Mr. Carter was married February i6, I8S2, to Miss Lora J. Dowlin, dauj^li- ter of David and Mattie Dowlin, of Tay- lor County, Iowa, and they arc tlic parents of two children — Clay S. and Grace M. Mrs. Carter is a woman of intelligence and refinement. ®fgl/OTW* •V122£;(^^ S. TRULLIXGER, justice ol the peace and notary public, resides on section 8, Middle Fork Town- ship, and is one of tiie pioneers of Ring- gold County. He was born in Fountain County. Indiana, May 18, 1830, son of Ga- briel and Charlotte ^French) TruUinger.who were natives of Ohio, and the parents of two children, a son and daughter. He lived in his native county until he was eight years of age, when his fatlicr moved to the Black Hawk purchase, the Territory of Iowa. Here our subject was reared amid the wild surroundings of frontier life, more frequently meeting with the red man than the white man, and f)ften associating with the young Indians. He acquired a good, practical education by study at home and attending school in the log cabins. He was married in 1850 to Margaret Carr, and they had five children, only two of whom are living — A. C. and H. H. Mrs. Trullingcr died in 1865, and in 1866 Mr. Truilinger was united in marriage with Maria Hampton, a relative of the Hon. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina. They have seven children — R. \V., L. B., John B., Ellen, Beatrice, Irving and Arcadia. Henry C, a young man of great intelli- gence and promise, died May 28, 1886, leaving a wife and five chiklrcn to mourn his untimely loss. Mr. Truilinger is a Re[)ublican of pronounced type, dved in the wool and warranted fast colons. He has served nearly twenty years as justice ::♦"♦"♦:>■> • ♦..♦..♦.♦:.♦•» ♦ ;♦::♦;;♦;.♦;;♦> v>:>;>:»::»;:*::c»;;cc*x*;»»ic«»;;c»;:«»:*:*;*>;3t^^^^ ^ V. :>::♦; ;♦:;♦: ;«•::«•; ■*;;♦: :♦:;♦; :•♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: '*::♦: :♦;:♦•; :♦;;♦; :«:♦; :♦:»; :♦;■»: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :•»:■*•; :♦::♦: :*;:♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦;■••: :♦:»: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;»: :«•:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :*;;♦: :♦;:* :«:»: :♦::«: :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦; >::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦; *"♦: :♦"« :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: *;:♦; ■♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:■»■; >;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦; ■«:>: *:>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦:♦: >:;*: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:♦: :«:<■: ;♦;:«• 300 HISTOIiT OF RINGGOLD COUNT T. contains i6o acres of well-improved land, under a high state of cultivation, and for several years was engaged in buying and selling stock, and later turned his attention to raising cattle, and has at present a num- ber of thorough-bred of a high grade. He also has an interest in a fine Percheron stallion, imported by Dunham, of Oak Lawn, DuPage County, Illinois, which was purchased in 1885. In May, 1886, he established a cheese factory. His father established the first cheese factor}' in South- western Iowa, twenty-nine years ago. W. THOMPSON, M. D., Caledonia, was born in Hendricks County, Indiana, May r, 1843. His parents, Jesse and Jane (Dotson) Thompson, reared a family of eleven children, of whom the doctor was the sixth child. When he was twelve years of age his parents removed to Clinton County, Iowa, and a 3-ear later came to Ringgold County, settling in Poe Township. He was reared on a farm and obtained his education in the common schools. In May, 1864, he enlisted in Company E, Forty-sixth Iowa Infantry, was honorablv discharged, and returned to his home. While in the army he contract- ed disease, the result of exposure and hard- ship, from which he has never fully re- covered. He commenced the stud}' of medicine in 1866. In 186S he commenced to read under Dr. A. N. Stringer, of Ring- gold Count}', and commenced the practice of medicine at Caledonia, in 1870. He has a large, successful and lucrative practice. He was married November 30, 1871, to Miss Ellen Hoover, formerly of Putnam County, Indiana. They are the parents of four children — Dora E., Eva A., Winnie M. and Henderson. The doctor is a member of the Masonic order. Garnet Lodge, No. 416, Caledonia ; also a member of the Cale- donia Lodge, No. 293, 1. O. O. F. He is a worthy and consistent member of the Baptist church, and in politics is a Repub- lican. He always takes an inteiest in the advancement of any worthy enterprise, and is one of the leading citizens of Cale- donia. HARLES RUSSELL, one of the old- est settlers in Ringgold County, is now living retired at Goshen, Iowa, his farm of eighty-seven acres on section 17, Jefferson Township, being carried on by tenants. He is a native of London, England, born July 16, 1826, a son of Thomas and Charlotte Russell. In March, 1849, he came to America, sailing from Liverpool and landing at New Orleans the following month. He proceeded from New Orleans to Cincinnati, Ohio, and from there to Miami County, where he lived about five years. In 1854 he came to Iowa and settled on a farm in Ringgold County, and has since been identified with all the enter- prises of interest or benefit to the county. After the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion he enlisted in defense of his adopted country, and was assigned to Com- pany G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry. He served three years, participating in several severe engagements, among others being the battles at Mobile, and Little Rock. He was mustered out at New Orleans, and af- ter his return home again engaged in agri- cultural pursuits. Mr. Russell was married in Iowa, to Mary Kasteel, ol Ohio, who 'vas born in Clarke County, that State, January 15, 1812, a daughter of Joab and Carry Harkester. To them was born but one child, a daughter — Martha, born Janu- ary II, 1852. She married John Blakestey, and January 12, 1S73, died, leaving an in- fant daughter — Eva, who was born Janu- ary 6, 1873, -'ntl '■''''s always had her home with her grandparents. In politics Mr. v>'>:y>>'»'>:>:;»'>:«>:>>;'*;*:«:;«:'*:'*>:>:v>>">: ■»::♦::♦■•♦'>>•;♦:;♦:•♦::♦;:♦: S;*!'^**'***:*!**;**^!*!!*!!*;****!^*;****!^!*?*!*!^***' :*':♦:*>;:♦::♦;:♦:>:;♦;*;♦:****>:*;♦:**:♦:*>■■*>■**"♦■*-**>♦•* ;♦::♦•; :♦:;♦: ■♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:!♦•: !♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »"'»: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: !»;:♦: ;♦::«': :♦;:♦: <»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦■: :♦;*: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: »"♦: >::«! :♦::♦: :•♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !*:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;«• :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :■»::♦■ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;»::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: .<»::♦; '*::♦: »::♦: !»:»: !♦"♦; !»:;♦: !♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; ;♦::♦; :«;;♦; ♦;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >!>: >;:♦: '<■.*'. ;;♦::♦■:♦:;♦; .♦..♦..♦..♦; BWCKAPHJCAL. i>A'ETC//£S. Ml Kiissell is a Democrat. He is a mem of James Coiiley Post, No. 285, G. A. R. He and his wife are members of the Bap- tist cinirch. {^p^ he is called, and with pardonable pride he ^ ♦. !♦♦. :♦ »: '.* < :♦ ♦: > J. :♦ ■>. >♦•: :♦ ♦: > ♦: !♦♦• :♦♦: :♦.♦: :<•♦: ;♦ ♦: :♦. »: •♦,♦: !•♦: '**'. >:♦: ».♦; :*!>: )»::♦: !».:•: !».,♦: :♦ ♦: ;♦;:♦: > •» ;♦ ♦: ;♦;.♦; ;•»>: '♦:♦: :♦"♦: > ♦! '♦ *'. ;♦:♦: :♦ »: ;♦:♦: »: »: >:♦; >'*: >>: >♦: '.* *'. > ♦: :♦ ♦ :♦♦; :♦>; <•>: :♦>■ ;♦>] >.♦: ;« ♦ ;♦ ♦: >.♦; ;♦♦: !♦ ♦' > .■•■ 302 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. ;■»>; ■>♦: :«::♦: :♦!>" :♦!>! >■>; ;*■>■ ;♦:♦; »: >>' >.>: ;«* >:<>: :♦::♦: >;;♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: >:;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦":♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >':♦: >::♦: >::♦; >:*: >;♦: >::«: :♦::♦: :•♦::♦; >*: :->:* ;♦;>: ;•>;;♦: :♦;.■!>; :♦;:■»; :«•::<►; :«:;«>; :•«•::•>: :*;>: :*"♦: :♦::♦: »:>: :•»::«•: ;•»::♦: :*:♦: ;♦::♦; »r* ;«;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ;«•"♦: ;■»::♦: ;*;♦: :*:♦; :<■:* :♦::♦; >;:<> ;♦;:♦; :♦):♦: :♦::♦: :•♦;:♦; :♦;»: :♦;:•♦; !<>:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::■•• ;*:♦: >.:♦; :♦;;<>. :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :•*;:■♦: :♦"<>; :«••»: :♦:;♦: :♦>: :«;>: :«:>: ;♦.:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:«•: :♦::«•: :*::♦: >:*: farm where he now lives, on section 21. His homestead contains eighty acres of tine land, and his tarm on sections 19 and 20 contains 320 acres, allunder cultivation. Mr. Nelson is one of the successful cattle- raisers of the township. He is an honor- able business man and is highly esteemed by all who know him. He and his wife are members of the United Presbyterian churcli. ilLLIAM R. HINCKLEY, one of wi/ \n '^hs ol*^ ^"'^ honored pioneers of 1^=4^5 Riley Township, where he has made his home since 1856, was born at Stonington, New London County, Con- necticut. May 8, 1826, a son of Thomas and .NLary (Scholfield) HinciL, born December 5, 1822. and William R., the subject of this sketch, born May 8, 1826. A son, Thomas, died Novem- ber 30, 1853, aged forty years. The family of both his father and mother were re- markable for longevity. His lather died December 11, 1876, in his ninetieth year, and his mother died in her ninety-sixth year, m 1882, both dying on the old home- stead in Connecticut. John Scholtield,the maternal grandfather of our subject, with his brother, Arthur, cnme to America in 1793, and erected and put into operation at Byfield, Massachusetts, wool-carding machines, which were the first ever erected in America. Some time later Arthur Scholfield engaged in the manufacture of broadcloth at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, the first establishment of the kind in that State, andin 1809 President Madison was inaugurated in a full suit of broadcloth, man- ufactured in his factory. The great-grand- father of our subject, John Hinckley, was a son of Governor Thomas Hinckley, and was a soldier in the French and Indian war. A cartridge box bearing his initials and dated 1748, is now a priceless relic in the hands of our subject. He also has a Bible dated 1804, and the book of the Blue Laws of Connecticut, entitled " Acts and Laws of the State of Connecticut in America," published by Timothy Green, at New London, in 1784, and an almanac published in 1776, besides other books nearly or quite as old. He also has in his possession a sickle and two forks of the rude, unfinished style used about a century ago. William R. Hinckley was reared to agricultural pursuits. He was married November 7, 1850, to Lovina Grant, a native of Halilax, Vermont, born February 15, 1825, a daugh- ter of Joshua Grant. Mr. Hinckley came to Burlington, Iowa, in 1847, where he worked at the cooper's trade, returning to Springfield, Massachusetts, in the fall of 1850. They are the parents of six chil- dren, of whom five are living — Horace, Mrs. Mary Ray, Phalla and Liberty L., at home, and John S. attending school in Connecticut. Thomas died in childhood. After his marriage Mr. Hinckley returned to Burlington, where he lived till he made his home in Riley Township, Ringgold County, in 1856. He has witnessed the many changes which have taken place in the county during the past thirty years, and has done his part toward building up the township in which he has lived for so ;•>.♦. ;♦::♦: ♦. ,♦. :♦. ;♦' :♦. :♦ '♦ >: .♦; ;♦: >; ■»: .♦: :♦: :♦: >' ♦' >: .♦.•.♦:.♦;.♦.:♦:.♦..♦..♦;**.♦;*.♦..♦..♦..♦.♦. >>; :•♦;;♦: ;<•:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; >::♦: :♦"♦; :♦;♦: :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: >::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: >::♦; :♦:■♦•; ;♦';♦; ;♦:;♦: >;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦; :•♦:;«■ ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•♦::♦, :-»:>: ;♦:;♦' •»;;•»: :♦:;♦; ;♦>: >:.v: :■»:;<•; >s :♦::•!> ;«>- »;••-. :♦;♦; ;♦:;<>: >:>: ^": [* :<■ > V. >::<> >:;•■: ;♦:> :♦;■■■ >■-■ >::f :♦.■> :♦;:■.• :*;v :♦;.<•. :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: 'iH.'if. :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦"♦; :*;:♦: ;*■:>' :*v ;*;s; ;♦:>. :♦::♦: :♦::»: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: . .. ,;■♦:* ***;♦ :♦..♦■:♦;:*: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 303 ♦ ♦ ♦ * '♦ ♦: :♦ ♦ > ♦; ;♦ ♦ ;« ♦ .♦♦. :♦.* ;♦:.♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦ .♦; :♦:,♦: ;♦.♦! ;♦::♦: ;♦:♦: >;♦: > .♦: >:♦: ;♦ .♦! >:♦ :♦ ♦ ;* ♦ ♦ ♦. ;♦♦: :♦♦: :♦'♦; >:♦: :♦;♦: >>; ** >::♦: :♦::♦; »: :♦:♦; :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦♦: ;♦:♦: ;♦;♦: >..♦' :♦. ;♦ > ♦ > >. ;♦ ♦ >.;♦: :♦* ;♦:♦: :♦ ♦ ■f * > ■■» > «. > ♦. >..♦; >♦ ;♦,♦: > >. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ •>. ♦ ♦: '♦ ♦: <• ♦ •< ♦ ♦ * ,♦.♦. :«::♦: :«.:«: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦; :♦:'♦: ■♦♦■ ♦ ♦ many years. He is strictly temperate in his habits, and has never used liquor nor tobacco, and for thirty years has not used medicine. He is a man of sterling worth, and is much respected by all who know him. » • D OOO'C : i» jflLLI.V.M KELLY, farmer, section 12, Monroe Township, is a native i^-fejlsfi of Londonderr}', Ireland, where he was born, August i, 1837, son of Peter and Sarah Kelly. When he was ten j-ears of age his parents immigrated to America, first locating in New York City, where he grew to manhood, and served his time as an apprentice in learning the trade of brick-layer and plasterer. In 1854 he re- moved to Bureau County, Illinois, where he resided about ten years, working at his trade, mining and farming. In 1880 he came to Ringgold County, and settled upon his present farm, in Monroe Town- ship, which was then wild land. He has eighty acres of well-cultivated land, a good story-and-a-half residence, good buildings for stock, orchard, and native shade trees. He is engaged in (arming and stock-rais- ing. In 1S70 he was married to Miss Susan Negley, of Bureau County, Illinois, and they have six children — John, Sarah, Mary, William, Martha and Charley. Mr. KcUv is a member of the Masonic order, and politically is a Democrat. By fair and honest dealinsj he has gained the respect and confidence of all who know him, and is one of the best citizens of the township. I'ostoffice, Bcaconsfield. f\V. TOWNSLEY, farmer, section 14, of Athens Township, was born in ,^ • Washington County, I ♦ ♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦: ;♦.♦: :♦;♦ >.♦. >* :♦:♦; >>: >>■ :♦>: >-♦; >•>; >;;•; >:;♦; >;:♦: :♦;;♦; >:;♦; *i^ :♦::« ;♦;«: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: >>; :♦* >::♦: 'm. :♦:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦'.♦: :•::♦: !♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::«• :♦::♦: :♦::«; >:♦; '♦♦" :« ♦. ;♦:♦: :♦.♦; >:♦! >:* :♦.♦: > ♦' >..♦: ;♦ * > ♦! ;♦ * ;♦ ,♦ ;♦.♦. >>: >;♦: :♦♦; :♦;♦: ;♦:♦: :*:.*: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦::♦: :♦♦: ;♦:♦: ;♦,;♦: .*♦: ;♦■■♦; :♦« :♦"♦; :♦♦: :♦:♦; »:♦: .♦.,♦; >::♦; :♦:>: >"♦; >:'♦; '-»•:♦: <■>; •';>; >:;« ■''";♦! .«>::♦; :*:* :♦::♦; >:;* ;♦::♦; :■»;;♦; ;■>:;« :•■•:♦: >::♦; >::« ;♦::«! :■>::•»! >.:* :♦;;♦; m >:>] »::'*! :♦::♦: »::« »::« »::« :♦::« »::« i :•»::«! :*:<« :«•::♦; »::« »:■« M »:•« :♦::« :♦;:•« :♦:;« »::« »;,« »::« »:.« »:•« :♦;:♦: »^;« :■♦;:♦! :♦;:♦: ;♦::«>; »;:♦; :«:« :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦::♦:: :♦::♦;;♦;: 304 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. and Mrs. Fullerton two are living — Martin J., aged ten years, and Robert E., aged four years. Their only daughter,M ary E., died at the age of three and a half years. Mr. Fullerton came to Ringgold County, Iowa, in the fall of 1874, and has resided on his present farm since 1875, on section 8, Ting- ley Township, where he has 240 acres of choice land, well cultivated, and a comfort- able residence and good barn and other farm buildings. Besides his home farm, he owns eighty acres on section 5, of the same township. Mr. Fullerton, in connec- tion with his general farming is devoting considerable attention to stock-raising, making a specialty of raising cattle and hogs. Mr. and Mrs. Fullerton are active members of the United Presbyterian church at Eugene, and respected citizens of Tingley Township. NDREW J. GILLETT, of section 32, Union Township, has been a resi- dent of Ringgold County since April, 1855. He and the old pioneer, John Folts, who lives on section 3, are the first two settlers of Union Township, the latter having made his home here in the same month as our subject, but a few days before. Mr. Gillett is a native of Genesee County, New York, born May 5, 1832, a son of Archibald and Mary (Scott 1 Gil- lett, who were natives of Massachusetts and New York respectively. In 1847 the family left Genesee Count}', for Noble County, Indiana. The parents moved to St. Joseph County, Michigan, in 1 857, where they lived on a small farm the rest of their lives. They were the j)arents of seven children, our subject being the only son and sixth child. Of their daughters, Nancy Ann lives at Sturgis, Michigan; Catherine lives in Missouri, near Fort Raleio-h; Melvina and Violcttc live in Indiana; Mariette is deceased, and Rosina, the youngest, lives in Southern Kansas. Andrew J. Gillett, the subject of this sketch, left his native county when about fifteen years of age, and grew to manhood in Noble Ccmnty, Indiana, making that his home till he came to Iowa. He was mar- ried in Noble County, January 29, 1853, to Miss Elizabeth Wright, a daughter of Stanbury Wright, the pioneer settler of Tingley Township, but now a resident of Denver, Colorado. Mrs. Gillett was born in Ohio, in 1836, but reared in Noble County, Indiana. In the fall of 1854 Mr. and Mrs. Gillett left Indiana with a view of making a home in the Hawkeye State, spending the follcjwing winter at Iowa Cit^^ and there their eldest child was born. In De- cember, 1854, Mr. Gillett, in company with his father-in-law, Mr. Wright, and his brother-in-law, John Strouse, visited Ring- gold County where each entered Govern- ment land, Mr. Gillett entering eighty acres of prairie and forty acres of timber land in Union Township, where he has since made his home. To Mr. and Mrs. Gillett have been born thirteen children — Archibald S., of Tingley Township ; Mrs. Helen French, living in Southern Kansas; Mrs. Alice Buell, living in Wirt, Ringgold Countv ; Andrew J., Jr., living in Dakota ; Mrs. Diadama Ruth, living in Wirt; Mar\' died, aged eleven months; Ray, Traverse, Ida, Charles, Orr, May and Maud (twins) ; the last seven living at home with their parents. Mr. Gillett was reared to agri- cultural pursuits, and has made that his life work. Since coming to Iowa he has met with excellent success, and is proud of the State and of Ringgold Count}'. Com- mencing poor — having barely enough to .pay for his first entry, and leave himself part of a team to begin improving his farm — he has by his industry and strict fru- gality accinnulated a fine property, his home farm containing 400 acres of as tinelv- :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦:♦; :♦>: >::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; >!>; ;♦:>; :♦"♦: :♦:.♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; >::♦: *;* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: »:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; '*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; '♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦,:♦: >;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦!;♦: ;♦::♦: »;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::« »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦■; :*;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; »;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:,* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:*: :••::♦: :♦:••: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: "♦:>;:■♦::»: .♦..♦..♦.♦. 1 » * * t liWaiiAl'JUCAL i>KBTCHEH. mr, >>: >♦! >>! >;♦: >;:♦! >;♦: :♦♦; >♦: > ♦: .♦.♦: :♦::♦: >>: :♦:♦! :♦>! :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: >:>; :♦:♦: :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦;;♦; !•:.♦: >;:«! :♦:>: »; >>: >:>: >:♦: >::♦; :♦;♦; :*>; >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;* :♦;.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »: >::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :«:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::«; >::♦: :«::♦: :♦.:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦.;♦; >♦. :♦;:♦: :♦♦: >:♦; :♦♦: :♦;♦: :♦.:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦♦: :♦♦ > ♦ '♦ ♦ :♦ ♦: :♦.♦: :♦:♦; :♦:'♦: :♦■•«•• improved land as can be found in the tt)\vnsliip. Tlie rude pioneer log cabin lias now given way to one of the best farm houses in this part of the county, and the barns and out-buildings are substantial and commodious. In his political views Mr. Gillctt is a Republican. He has held sev- eral orticial trusts in the early years of the township; served several years as town- ship clerk, and also several terms as town- ship trustee. He is a member of fhc Odd Fellows order. ^ENRY SIEMILLER, farmer, section 6, Clinton Township, Ringgold Coun- ty, was born in Lancaster Comity, Pennsylvania, February 5, 183 1. His father, George Siemiller, was a native of Ger- many, and came to America when eleven years of age. He was a weaver and dyer. His mother, Barbara (Plasterer) Siemiller, was a native of Pennsylvania. Henry was the second of a family of thirteen children. When he was six months old his parents removed to Franklin County, Pennsyl- vania. During his youth he worked at farm work in summer, and assisted in his father's shop during the winter. His edu- cation was received in the common schools and by study at home. In 1848 the family removed to Linn Coimtv, Iowa, eight miles southeast of Cedar Rapids, and set- tled in a place called Big Sugar Grove. Here he engaged in farming, and furnished grain to the railroad contractors when the Northwestern Railroad was being built through that count)'. He was married August 29, 185 1, to Miss Deborah F"alkin- burg, born in Licking County, Ohio, and reared in Highland County, same State. In 1857 he removed to Worth County, Missouri. He was a minister of the United Brethren in Christ church, and during his residence in Missouri he was a traveling minister. He united with that church in 1849, was licensed to exhort in February, 1859, at Caledonia, and in July follow- ing was licensed to preach. He worked many years in the cause of his .Master. He served as presiding elder at Conference in 1868. From Worth County he came to Ringgold County, and first purchased 107 acres of land. He has since added eighty acres, and his farm now contains 167 acres, which is in a good state of cultivation. He has a good story-and-a-half house, an or- chard of 150 trees and small fruits. Mr. and Mrs. Siemiller were the parents of twelve children, ten living — Elizabeth Ellen Cooksey, Newman Isaiah, George F., Mary Alice, John Aukjs, Abraham Lin- coln, Lottie, Orange Neal, Henry Floyd and Ferdinand Augustus. The two de- ceased are Eliza Jane and Alvah. Mrs. Siemiller died March i, 1875, and Febru- ary 4, 1876, he was married to Miss Nettie Pringle, born in Keokuk County, Iowa, daughter of William and Rebecca (Will- iamson) Pringle. To this union were born live children — Dora May, Miltcjn Wright, Amy Myrtle, Ray Emmett and an infant not named. Politically Mr. Siemiller is an American. At the election in i860 he worked hard at the polls (or Lincoln through repeated threats of shooting. He is also a strong Prohibitionist, having voted for J. P. St. John, and has done good ser- vice in the cause of religion and temperance. Postoffice, Mormontown. «ti»- -l^^G— -<«» fOSEPH WILCOX, farmer and stock- raiser, Tingley Township, was born .„^ in Genesee County, New York, Octo- ber 12, 1S20, a son of Daniel Wilcox, a farmer, living on what was known as the Genesee Flats. I lis mother died when he was two years old, and his father afterward moved to Portage County, Ohio, resid- > ♦ >;;♦; <»;:♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦ ♦; > ♦ :♦ ,♦: >>; >,>■ >>■ '*.:♦: >:♦; :♦> > ♦ > ♦ :♦,* ;♦';♦: >:♦ :♦>: !»..♦: > * >..♦: .*>: > ♦: >*■ !♦.:♦■ >■;♦■ :♦;;♦; >.:♦: :♦:♦: .'♦:♦: >>. ;♦.»■ !♦.♦ >>' ;♦>: > *. ;♦>: :♦:♦: :♦:♦; w >:♦: !*.:«: »* !♦;:♦: :♦::♦: '*♦: :♦:♦: ;♦:♦: .<•>: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦♦: >* :••■♦: :♦* > ♦; :««< :♦ * y- ♦: ♦:;♦: ■>;♦: ■. V .*:;♦; >;:♦: >;:♦: ;♦:■♦• :♦:'♦: >::♦: ■*!:♦; ;*:>: :♦.:*; :♦:;•; ;♦:♦: '♦;:♦: :♦:♦; »: ;♦:;«; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; '♦:•»: •»::♦: :♦"«; *:«■ >;«- :♦:*: I*::*; :♦:>: :♦::♦; •»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦:;♦; '*:.♦: :♦;:♦: ■♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::■>: ;♦::«: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; >:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;•♦: !♦;;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >•:♦; :«•♦: :♦::♦; ;»;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; .♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:>: .*::♦; :♦::♦: m >:>: >::♦; :♦::♦: •♦::♦: ;♦>: > '» :♦:>' :♦:>■> 306 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. ing in that State until his death. When Joseph Wilcox was eighteen years old he started out for himself, and went to Venango County, Pennsylvania, where he was employed a short time on a farm. He subsequently bought a farm in that State, on which he lived until 1866, when he moved to Lee Count}-, Illinois, and lived on a farm near Dixon seven years, and in the spring' of 1873 moved to Ringgold County, Iowa, and settled on section 22, Tingley Township. At that time the land was an uncultivated prairie, but now he has fine buildings, and the land all under cultivation and well stocked with horses and cattle. Mr. Wilcox has been twice married — first in 1842, to Elizabeth Mc- Curda, who died in Pennsylvania, leaving two children — Austin, died while in the service of his country during the war of the Rebellion, and Huldah J. is the wife of Gilbert Lupher. In 1846 Mr. Wilcox mar- ried Mary Johnson, also a native of Penn- sylvania. They have five children ; four are living — Willis W., Seth L., Nora T.and Mark D. Mr. and Mrs. Wilcox are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal clmrch. SSAAC W. KELLER, one of the oldest members of the Ringgold County bar, vi^ was born in Noble County, Ohio, Sep- tember 29, 1828, a son of Levi and Eliza- beth (Shafer) Keller, the father a native of Ohio, and the mother of Virginia, the father being a farmer and blacksmith by occupation. They were the parents of ten children — five sons and five^daughters, our subject being the fifth child. Isaac passed his youth on his father's farm, receiving his education in the district schools. He remained with his parents until reaching maturity, and at the age of twenty-one years began teaching school, which he fol- lowed for four years. He was married at the age of twenty-two years, to Miss Rachel Morris, of Noble County, Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Keller have been born seven chil- dren — Paroda A., John J., deceased, Clara B., Curtis, Louie, Florence J. and Edith O., the three youngest living at home. Mr. Keller left Noble County in 1855, when he came to Ringgold County, Iowa, locatmg in the north part of the county, near Eu- gene, where he improved a farm and fol- lowed agricultural pursuits for three years. He then moved to Mount Ayr, and soon after began reading law, and was admitted to the bar in i860, when he opened a law office and practiced his profession for two years, when, in 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantr}', and was sent South on the Mississippi River. He was commissioned First Sergeant, and in June, 1864, was promoted to Second Lieu- tenant of his company, in which rank he served until May, 1865, when he was dis- charged on account of disability. He par- ticipated in a number of engagements, including the battles at Helena, Little Rock, Arkansas, Prairie De Ann, Jenkins' Ferry, Arkansas, and Mobile, Alabama. After receiving his discharge he returned to Mt. Ayr, and was associated with W. T. Laughlin in his law practice for the next five years, when the partnership was dis- solved by mutual consent. He then re- turned to his farm, where he remained three years, when he returned to Mt. Ayr and embarked in the lumber trade, which he followed until 1879. In 1882 he resumed the practice of law, which he still follows with success. In 1859 ^^''- Keller was appointed treasurer of Ringgold County, to complete an unexpired term. In the fall of 1859 he was elected county judge, and in the fall of 1861 was re-elected to the same office, which position he re- signed in 1862 to enter the army. In the fall of 1865 he was again elected county judge for a term of two years. In the fall .♦,.♦. :♦;*: :♦;■>: :♦:;♦■ :♦;.♦: >; ■»' '*■ ■^'. >. >! '.*. -*: :♦:■»; >..*; ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: >;;♦; >:;♦: >;■♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦«■ ;♦:;«• >::♦: >:.♦; :♦>; :♦>: :•♦::♦: >>] ;*::♦; >•:♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; ;♦;:* :-♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::* >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :*.:♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: ;♦:>; ;♦;:♦; ;♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦:* ;♦;>: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; •»:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; >:*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦:»; :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: >>; ;♦:;♦: :♦;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦: :♦;♦; ;♦::■♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:♦: ::♦::♦>>.■ :♦::♦. - -; B/OCRAPri/CAL SKETCHES. ;!07 :♦«•■ :♦ ♦: '♦, ♦: '♦'♦: !♦♦: '■**'. >*i > ♦: ♦ «•: ♦. ♦: ■*>: »: > *; ;♦. ♦: !♦>: :♦>: > ♦: >.♦' .♦>: »! !<♦: :♦♦: :♦♦: ♦>: »:♦: '*'.*'. >:♦; :♦;♦: »: >;:♦: >:>: :♦:•: ♦ J' ■♦ ^ '♦ * ;♦:.♦: .♦:♦; >::♦: »: :♦:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:♦: }»'•'. •»:♦: »: »; »; !♦:♦; ») ;♦>: :♦:.♦! :♦;♦; :♦>: »; »: !♦.♦; ;♦;>; »; ;♦♦; :♦;*: !♦;♦: »: »; >:♦: »: »; !♦:♦; »: :♦.♦: >. ♦! !♦ ♦: :♦.♦: >. ♦! >.>: :♦ ♦: > ♦; '♦ ♦' '.* *> of 1867 he was nominated for county judge, and also for State Senator, but declined tlie former nomination, and was elected to the Senate by a iiandsome majority. In I1872 he was elected a member of the Board of Supervisors, serving one term of three years. In the fall of 1S79 ^^ was ajjain elected State Senator, and after retiring from the Senate he resumed his law prac- tice. He has also filled several city oHices such as city attorney and others, always serving with credit to himself and to the best interest of his constituents, and by his honorable dealings has gained the confi- dence of all who know him. JETER GLEASON, a practical farm- er and breeder of fine short-horn cattle, residing on section 13, Poe Township, is a native of New York, born in Tioga County, in January, 1833. His parents, Jesse and Didama (Ayres) Gleas- son, were also natives of the State of New York. Both are now deceased. Peter Gleason was reared on the home farm in his native county where he received the benefits of a good common-school educa- tion. At the age of twenty-one j'cars he went to Ohio, and soon married a lady (Maiy A. Jones) who died a year after her marriage, leaving one son. From Ohio he moved to the State of Wisconsin, where he remained si^>^««5-tf- fOHN RYAN, farmer and stock-raiser, section 27, Union Township, was born in Troy, New York, March 5, 1846, a son of John and Mary (Purcell) Ryan, na- tives of Ireland. In 1856 his parents moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where they lived four years, and from there went to Flint, Michi- gan, where they both died, in 1865. When seventeen years of age our subject started out on his own account, and went to L(j- gansport, Indiana, and thence to different points in the S(juth and Oiiio, and finally, while at Dayton, enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio In- fantry. In .August, 1862, he was transferred to the Twenty-first Army Corps, com- manded by Crittenden, and took part in the battle at Chickamauga, and then was trans- ferred to the Fourth Corps, and partici- pated in the battle of Mission Ridge, Blain's Cross-Roads, Rocky Face Ridge, Tunnel Hill, Dandridge, Resaca. I le was wounded twice, once at Chickamauga, ami again at ♦ ♦: >.* ♦:.♦: » ♦: » ♦' ■*.* '.* ♦ * * ;♦.♦. * ♦. * ,♦ * * * » ;♦ ♦ * ♦ 308 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. :■>:;«: >::<•; .■*:>: :•»;<►; :«::♦; :*:;«» :♦:♦•: :*::♦; '♦'♦: :-■- :*: >>] :*:;■»; :♦.;♦: :«:*; :*::♦: :'^:*: :<■■■«■: ;*>: :«::♦; :♦::♦; :•»::«■; :♦•:♦; ;*;;♦; !♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :*:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;* :•♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ^■^'"^ :-;■:>: :♦:?>: :*;*; ;♦::♦: :>::♦; :«::♦; :♦:»: 5»::*; :•»:♦; :♦::<■: s;;o: :♦::♦: :«:♦: >::♦: »-::« :♦:;« !»:;♦: :■♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦,:♦; :♦::♦: *:♦: *':♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: >::*; :■»:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :■»;:•»: >:;♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::•»; :«■::•»; :*>; :♦:;♦; I*:* :•»:;♦; :♦>; ;♦;■♦: ?»:»; :♦:•♦: ;«:>: ■♦i>; ;■*:>: :*;:♦; :•>,:«•: Resaca, where he lost a middle finger. He served a little over three years, and after his discharge returned to St. Mar3^'s, Ohio, where he married xMiss Ellen Christy, a native of Auglaize County, Ohio. He lived at St. Mary's until the fall of 1875, when he moved to Ringgold County, Iowa, and settled on the line of Decatur County, where he lived until 1884, when he moved to his present farm on section 27, where he owns 120 acres of improved land. He has accumulated his property by thrift and en- terprise, as when he started in life for him- self he had no means and no one to assist him, but he has prospered and now has a good home, and can look back with pleas- ure over a well-spent life, and forward to days of peace and plenty. He has had a family of thirteen children — William T., John H., Michael C, Edward A., Rachel M., Amos W., Mattie L., George F., Al- fred L., Andrew H., Deimis Martin, died August 8, 1883 ; Gussie E., and Cora C, died July 15, 1886. »£^i^^?<«!* P. BENSON, dealer in books and stationery and postmaster at * Goshen, is a native of Iowa, born in Washington County, August 3, 1852, his parents, A. and Caroline Benson, being natives of the State of Ohio. Our subject was reared on Ihe home farm, remaining with his parents till eighteen years of age, when he began farming for himself. He came to Ringgold County, September 17, 1880, and settled on a farm on which he resided till April I, 1881. He thenremoved to Goshen, where he has since made his home, the first four years of his residence at this place being passed in working at the carpenter's trade, since which he has been engaged in his present business. In 1886 he was appointed postmaster of Goshen. In the year 1872 Mr. Benson was united in marriage to Miss Sophia Pratt, who was born in Johnson County, Iowa, June 20, 1857. To this union have been born seven children — Stella, born November 18, 1874 ; Charlie, born January 5, 1875; Ber- tha, born July 17, 1877; Luretta and Lu- zetta, twins, born November 15, 1878, the former died Februar)- 12 and the latter February 24, 1879 ! Chester, born March 21, 1883, died November 21, 1884, and D wight, born April 26, 1885. In his political views Mr. Benson is a staunch Democrat. Both he and his wife are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church. >-G«- A. WYANT, residing on section 22, Lincoln Township, was born in Penn- sylvania, December 26, 1834, a son of Jacob E.and Margaret Wyant.who were natives of the same State. He was reared to the avocations of farming and milling, and at the age of twenty-one years com- menced life on his own account. He went to Kansas in 1855, remaining there but a short time, when he located in Illinois, where he taught school in the winter, and the following spring began farming. In 1856 he returned to Kansas, where he fol- lowed farming and school-teaching until the spring of 1875. He then came to Ring- gold County, Iowa, settling on the farm where he now resides, and has since been engaged in milling and stock-raising. He is now the proprietor of a good mill, lo- cated on Platte River. His farm contains forty acres of land, which is well adapted to stock-raising. He is quite extensively engaged in raising and feeding stock, mak- ing a specialty of thorough-bred Yorkshire and Poland-China hogs. Mr. Wyant was united in marriage, Maj- 8, 1859, to Sarah A. Morrow, a native of Pennsylvania, born December 17, 1834, a daughter of Jacob and Mary Morrow. To them have been ♦ ♦ .♦ ♦; > ♦; > ♦; ;♦ ♦. :♦ ♦' >.♦: !♦::♦; >♦: > ♦; '.* .*. >>. :*:♦; ;♦:♦; :♦;♦: :♦:♦: >.*; :♦>: >>■ »: >>; :♦::♦■: ;♦:;♦: .♦..♦; ;♦■:♦; :♦"♦: ;♦:;♦: ;*>: :♦;>; :♦♦; >>: :♦.♦] :♦;;♦; >::♦; >:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦; :♦!:♦: >■ :♦; > ♦: >■ ,♦; ;♦. ♦; >:♦; :♦:♦; :♦:>; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦.:♦; :*>; >.:♦: ;♦,>; :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; :«:>: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :*:♦: :«.:»: >.>: >::♦: :♦;* ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦.;♦; :♦;♦; :♦:♦; :♦.♦: '< ♦! ;♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦,♦; :* ♦: > ♦: > ♦: > ♦' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. :)(iii bom four children — Isabellc, born in No- vember, 1862; James, born in August, 1867, and two who died in infancy. Mr. Wyant served in the last war, beiufj Orderly Ser- geant of C(»nipany A, Twentieth Kansas Volunteer Infantry, and was in Price's raid through Missouri. Although he organized the Greenback party in Ringgold County, in his political views he is independent. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. .OUTZENMISliR BROTHERS, farm- ers and stock-raisers. The members of this firm are O. J. and R. L. Loutz- enhiser, twin brothers, who were born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, July 31, 1850, sons of David and Eliza (Brown) Loutzen- hiser. Their parents died before the boys were one year old. O. J. was reared a farmer by his maternal grandparents, who lived to be quite old ; his Grandfather Loutzenhiser lived to be eighty-seven and his grandmother to be eighty-three. His Grandfather Brown was ninety-four years old.and his Grandmother Brown eighty-five. He received his education in the common schools. At the age of seventeen years he learned the mason's trade and followed that occupation eight years. In 1879 he came to Ringgold County, and purchased an in- terest with his brother, R. L. He was married July 26, ii^^"tf*'S-' 1- L. PATTERSON, farmer, section 19, Benton Township, was born in Rich- land County, Ohio, July 20, 1849, son of William and Ann (Lawson) Patterson. He was the)'Oungest of three children. He was reared on the farm, and his early edu- cation was obtained in the common schools. Later he attended school at Oberlin. He was married April 13, 1876, to Miss Row- ena Huffman, daughter of Benjamin and Marv Ann (Ferrell) HufTman. He resided in Richland County until 1S77, ''"'^1 that year was spent in Colorado. In the spring of 1878 he came to Ringgold County, and purchased a farm in Benton Townshij) of Henry C. Young. The farm contains 178 acres of land, mostly rich bottom land, on the west fork of Grand River. It is well cultivated and well improved. He has a comfortable house, good out-buildings for stock and grain, a good orchard, and evcrv- >> > ♦: >>■ >'♦) >>; > *■ >.♦ :♦ ♦. > ♦: >'♦: >♦; > «: > ■»; > ♦. :♦:♦! :♦;♦: >.;♦: >> >* >:♦: ;♦:♦: :♦;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦..«: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:>: >:>; :♦:;♦: »; >>: ;♦;♦: >;;♦: :♦;♦; >>; >:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«• "m. :♦:>: >"♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:>: ;«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦; :♦>: :♦:« :♦::♦: :♦.:♦; :♦:;♦; >:♦! ;♦:♦: > ♦: >:♦: >>: >>■ >>: >::♦; :■♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: :♦.* :♦♦: >* ;♦.♦. :♦.:♦. :♦:♦: :♦.♦: :♦,;♦: :♦:♦: ;♦'♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; >:;♦: :*:♦: :♦;* >;•: :♦:♦: :♦♦; >♦: >♦' ♦ «' 310 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. ;»:'♦; >::*' :♦,•», ;♦.*; >];♦; >;;■♦; !"'::♦; ;<•;♦: ■-*/♦! :♦:;•»: !♦:'*; >:>' ?>. V. >:» >>; >:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;>•: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦■>; »':« :*"•»; ;«•;»■; ;♦•* ;<':»: :♦::♦: •»;:■♦; ;♦:>; >::♦; :♦::♦•: :♦:;«: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :*.:♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦•: ;♦•:>; :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:«• >;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; ■*;.♦: ;♦..«; •♦;;♦: ;♦.;♦: :♦::•»•; :♦:>; .♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: *;♦> :♦::♦•: >:>; thing about the place shows thrift and en- terprise. He is located one and a half miles northwest of Delphos. Mr. and Mrs. Patterson have two children — Floyd, born September 2, 1879, ^""^ Zella, born October 10, 18S1. Politically Mr. Patterson is a Republican. He has been a member of the Board Central Committeemen for Benton Township four years. He takes an active interest in anv enterprise that will benefit the community, and is recognized as one of the leading men of the county. Post- office, Delphos. fcOBERT H. RILEY was one of the first settlers of Athens Township, Ringgold County, locating on section 23, in the autumn of 1853. He laid a claim of 120 acres before the land had been put in the market, and afterward entered it from the Government. When Athens Town- ship was divided the southern part was named Riley, in honor of the Riley family, they being early settlers. He was born in Marion' County, Ohio, a son of William and Love Riley. He was reared in his na- tive State, and was there married. He brought a family of children with him to Ringgold County, and made what is now Riley Township his home until ^L1rch, 1873, when he moved to Decatur County, Kansas, where he still lives. fL. PERKINS, farmer, section 28, Monroe Township, was born in Madison Count}-, New York, July 25, 1835. His parents were Stillman and Delaiia (Squier) Perkins, the (ormer a na- tive of Hampshire County, Massachusetts, and the latter of Rutland Countj', Ver- mont. The}- were married in Cazenovia, New York, about 1820, and reared a fam- ily of nine children — Cecelia, Esli S., Elizabeth H., Admiral A., Irene D., Julia A., Josiah L., Gertrude M. and Gardner H. Mr. Perkins was educated at the Caz- enovia Seminary, where many of our emi- nent men were educated. At the age of eighteen he commenced teaching, and fol- lowed that profession several years. In 1856 he removed to Rock Island County, Illinois. The first year he was engaged in teaching, and then clerked in a mercan- tile establishment at Port Byron nearly two years. March 11, 1858, he married Lucinda Williams, a native of White County, Illinois. In i860 he engaged in the milling business at Big Rock, Clinton County, Iowa, and in 1863, on account of failing health, caused by the dust of the mill, he sold out and returned to Rock Island County. The latter part of the same year he engaged in the mercantile business with William H. Devore, at Cor- dova. Mr. Devore is now a prominent banker at Port Byron, Illinois. The con- finement of the store told severely on his already impaired health and caused him again to change his business, and in 1866 he closed out the store and the following year engaged in railroad contracting, mak- ing a specialty of bridge building. In 1874 he removed to Moline, Illinois, and en- gaged in the manufacturing business. In 1878 he was elected sheriff of Rock Island County, and served two terms with credit to himself and satisfaction to his party. In 18S1 he was appointed assistant general manager, under A. B. Stickney of Minne- apolis, of the Canada Pacific Railroad, headquarters at Brandon. He had charge of 200 miles of road construction one year. In 1882 he settled in Ringgold County, upon his present farm, located three miles northwest of Kellerton. It contains 250 acres of land in a good state of cultivation and well improved. He has a fine two- story residence situated on a natural build- :♦.;♦; :«•:>; ;♦:>; ;>->: :♦;■>: :♦:,♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦':♦; ■'»:♦: >:>; :«•:■»: :•»;:♦: ;♦:.♦; :♦;»; >,'<•: ;<:::«': >::♦: :♦:>: >:;♦: ;♦:>: >:>; »: ;♦::♦; :♦:>: »: »: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::«•: >"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >■;♦: :♦;*; >..♦. :♦::*: :♦::»: :♦::♦: ;♦:>; *;♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: >:>: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦':♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦!!♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >;>■: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; >:>; :♦::♦; :♦:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:>; :*>; >;» >"♦: :♦:»: ;♦;>; :♦;;♦: :♦>: . ,. ,'♦"♦: ;♦.♦:-., ,.• BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 811 ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ;♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ;♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ;♦: ♦::♦: ♦ :♦; ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ '♦: ♦ ♦: *♦: ♦ ♦" ♦:♦; ♦ ♦; ♦'♦; '^ *'. ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦; *> ♦! ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦! ♦:;♦! ♦ :♦; »■* »'♦; .♦♦: >..♦; :♦:>: S^ W- .*:'♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*:♦: :♦::*: I*;:*: :♦;:♦; '♦"♦: ♦ » ♦ ♦; »♦: ♦ ♦: «• ♦! ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦♦; ♦!.♦: .♦:♦; ,♦.:♦: :«;>: >!;♦; •:■♦; ♦ :♦; >♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦' ing site, and furnished in a riTanner that shows the refinement of the family. He has a thrifty orchard of loo trees, and na- tive shade trees, and out-biiildings for stock. He is a member of the Masonic order, Bar- rett Chapter and Everett Commandery, No. iS, Rock Island. Mr. and Mrs. Perkins are the parents of four children — William S , Arthur L., Mary D. and Herbert E. Politically Mr. Perkins is a Republican, and is considered one of the strong men in his party. He is one of the leading citi- zens of Ringgold County. Postoffice, Kel- krton. iENRY TODD, of Mt. Ayr, was born ^l^) in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, 'isyi April 12, 1833, a son of Ale.\-ander and Sarah (Stevens) Todd, the father a native of Maryland, born in 1787, and the mother born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1792. The father was twice married, having four Children by his first marriage. By his sec- ond marriage he had twelve chikiren, our subject being the fifteenth child. Thirteen of his children lived to maturity, and at his death, which occurred in i860, his descend- ants numbered eighty. Our subject lived on the farm where he was born until his father's death, and there he was reared to agricultural pursuits. He was married in 1854 to Miss Mary J. Elliott, a native of Beaver County, Pennsylvania, by whom he had eight children, of whom four are yet living. Mrs. Todd died in i88i,and in 1882 Mr. Todd married Miss D. A. Jarvis, a na- tive of Ohio, and to this union has been borr. one child. Mr. Todd followed farm- ing in his native county until March, 1865, when he removed to Henry County, Iowa, remaining there till the fall of 186R. He then came to Ringgold County and located on a farm near the village of Goshen, where he purchased eighty acres to which he added till liis f.irrn contained iSoacres, and there he followed farming and stock-raising until he was elcctetl treasurer of Ringgold County, assuming the duties of that oHici January i, 1876. and in 1877 was re-elected to the same office. On retiring from the treasurer's office he began dealing in stock and real estate. In 1879 he was elected secretary of Ringgold County Agricultural Societ}', which office he has since filled with the exception of one year. In his political views Mr. Todd is a Republican. He has held several offices of his township with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents. He was justice of the peace of Mt. Ayr for three years, and is at present serving as treasurer of the city of Mt. Ayr. His wife is a member of the United Presbyterian church, his former wife having been a member of the same church. »-0^ EORGE R. ANDERSON, a success- ful agriculturist of Jefferson Town ship, residing on section 1 1, was born in York County, Pennsylvania, May 20, 1846, his parents, 'Ed ward and Lavinia (Rob- inson) Anderson, being natives of York County. Pennsylvania, and his grandfather, Nathaniel Anderson, also a native of the same county. Edward Anderson is de- ceased, but the mother of our subject is still living, now si.xty-six years of age, and makes her home in Marysville, Union Coun- ty, Ohio. George R. Anderson, the subject of this sketch, was reared a farmer, and has alwavs followed agricidtural pursuits. His education was obtained in the common schools of his neighborhood. He was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, being a member of Company K,One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio National Guards. He located in Mercer Comity, Illinois, in the spring of 1870, and in the spring of 1871 he caiuc to Ringgold County, Iowa, and settled in Jefferson Township, on tin- farm ♦ ♦ :♦ «■: .♦ ♦ .♦•». 4 * .♦ ♦; .«• ♦ :♦ ♦; :♦.♦: :♦ ♦. :♦ ♦: ;♦ ♦. ♦ > :♦.♦: ;♦:•■ :♦>: :♦:♦ > *. .\ ♦ .« •>. :♦.♦. .*.*. :♦,:». ;♦.♦: ♦ » ;♦ « .♦ <• > ♦. >.♦. ;♦* :♦;♦; :♦.♦. > ,♦. ♦ >■ t ■> ♦ ^ :♦ ♦: ♦ « ♦ » :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ;♦.;♦; ;♦;>; ;*:♦; ;♦:;♦: !♦;:♦: :♦;♦; ■*;:♦: :♦;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:* ;a>: '*:;♦; :•»::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: •♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;•♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :■♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦;* :♦:;♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :■♦::♦; :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦..♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :•♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;<«;♦: ;♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:!••: •♦::♦: >;:♦; •♦;:♦! ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;«■;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :>;;♦: :♦:♦: ;>:>: ;<■■■ -»] ;*>: :♦;:♦: •♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :*::♦: >::* :♦::♦; ;■♦::♦: ••;:♦: :♦:■»; :♦;:♦; *::♦; [♦;■* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '.*■:*'. >^♦; :•»:♦; >;♦; '♦;♦; 'i'.-f'. 313 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. where he has since been a resident. He has met with success in his agricultural pursuits, and is now the owner of 127 acres of choice land. He is now principally en- gaged in raising stock. Mr. Anderson was united in marriage, October 31, 1877, to Miss Adda Neidigh, a native of Davis County, Iowa, her father, Charles Neidigh, having been a pioneer of that county. Mr. Anderson has served his township accept- ably as assessor for five years. He is a member of the United Presbyterian church, and a respected citizen of Jefferson Town- ship. MS HER LOR I MO R, one of the oldest settlers and most respected citizens -■sp- of Liberty Township, is a native of Washington County, Pennsylvania, born Ma}- 3, 182 1, a son of Benjamin and Eleanor (Sayres) Lorimor, the father born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and the mother a native of New Jei'sey. Our subject was twelve years old when he ac- companied his parents to Ohio, and at the age of sixteen years settled in Guernsey County, where he lived with his parents for nine years. The parents then removed with their family to Washington County, Ohio, where the}' located on a farm. Asher Lorimor was married in Washington County, Ohio, May 6, 1847, to Miss Janet A. Breckenridge, and after his marriage settled on a farm in Washington County, Ohio, which he cleared and improved, liv- ing there till 1855, when he came to Iowa. He entered a quarter-section of land in Lib- erty Township, Ringgold County, hav- ing left his family in Madison County, Iowa, where he had rented land. After entering his land he went to Madison County, Iowa, and soon after met with an accident, break- ing a bone of his leg in two places, which disabled him till the following spring, when he removed with his family to Ringgold County, and settled in their new home in Liberty Township, where Mr. Lorimor built a small log house, 16 x 16 feet in size, where the family spent twelve years. Their humble dwelling was a favorite stop- ping place for travelers, it being frequently filled to its utmost capacity. Their only neighbor at the time of their coming to Liberty Township was Samuel Powers, who lived some two miles distant. The follow- ing year, 1857, Rufus Cavitt located about one and a half miles from Mr. Lorimor's home, and two years later came several others who settled in Jefferson Township. Mr. Lorimor lived on his farm ten years before his fence was joined by a neighbor. He followed stock-raising in connection with his general farming, the surrounding prairie being used by all for grazing pur- poses. Mr. Lorimor lost his wife in March, 1878, who left at her death nine children — Jane.wife of John Richards; Benjamin; Nan- cy, wife ot Irvin Brent; John; Anna E., mar- ried Hampton Hargrove ; Robert, Milton, Maria, and Sarah, wife of Henry Wheeler. Mr. Lorimor's second wife died about one year after her marriage, and in December, 1882, he was again married to Miss Ella Hamilton, a native of Pennsylvania. Mr. Lorimor, by his industrious habits and ex- cellent management, has prospered in his agricultural pursuits, and after having di- vided some 200 acres of land among his older children he still has 367 acres left, having reserved a competency for his old asre. Mr. Lorimor has been a member of the United Presbyterian church since twenty-six years of age, and for many years has served as trustee and elder. He attends the church of his denomination at Tingley. He circulated the first petition for a school in his part of Ringgold County, the first school there being taught by his sister, Elizabeth, who afterward be- came the wife of David Preston. Mr. Lorimor has been elected four times to the »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;«: :♦;■♦; :♦::♦: :■*::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; »::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:*: :*;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;«;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :■♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: >::♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .*:.♦; :♦:.♦: >:'♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: !»::♦: [♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; »:;♦: »::♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: ;»::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: v:if. »::♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: >::«': ;■»::♦: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: >"♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: ;■»::♦: :■»::♦: »:.♦: :♦;;♦: 'if:if. ^::« »::♦; >"♦: .-»::«: €^: s»::*: »::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: >;:♦: :♦;:♦: '*♦: >:.♦: »; :♦♦! •»♦' :♦":♦:«■: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 818 :♦:♦; *H »:m 'fi.'M 'fr.'M :♦:>; MM :♦"•« is V/M :♦:>: ?^^ :♦::« :♦::•« :♦::« :♦::* >::♦: :♦;>: ;♦::»: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:■« :♦::« :♦::••! S*S :«:>: :♦;•« >;;'^ :♦::»: :«:«5 :♦.•« MM ■MM 'MM ^ MM ■MM 'MM 'MM 'MM MM ^ 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'M'M :♦::♦: »>; MM MM 'MM 'MM :♦ office of justice of the peace, but in eacii case has refused to qualify. He was elected township supervisor under the old law, and was re-elected for a second term of one year when the law was chani^cd. He then served as townstiip trustee for some time, and is again h >lding the latter office with credit to himself and his con- stituents. >-C-^^KJ- fOHN ARCHB.'VLD one of the pros- perous stock-raisers of Tingley Town- ship, and a practical farmer, was born in Rochester, New York, March 17, 1835, a son of James Archbald. When he was an infant he was taken by his parents to Will County, Illinois, there he grew to manhood, being reared to agricultural pur- suits, receiving his education in the com- mon schools of that county. On attaining his majority he commenced life on his own account, begfinnins: without means, but hav- ing a stout heart and a determination to succeed. He was married in i860 to Miss Anna Price, of Will County, Illinois, and they are the parents ol ten children, five sf)ns and five daughters — James, Lewis, George, Frank, Thomas, Mary, wife of William Olm ; Sarah, Nettie, Anna and Ella, the four j-oungest daughters living at home. After his marriage Mr. Archbald bought a farm, on which he lived till 1869, when he removed with his family to Ring- gold Count}', Iowa, and the same fall locat- ed on the southeastern part of section 36, Tingley Townshii), where he has since made his home, his residence being a large, two-storv frame building. Mr. Archbald has by his own industry and good manage- ment acquired his present fine property, which consists of 5 38 acres of land, all in one body, though located in four townships, and is one of the best farms for slock in the countv. being well watered by a branch of Grand River. All the improvements on the farm have been made by Mr. Archbald, which, at the time he first settled, was raw prairie land. Since coming here he has become the princi[)al cattle and hog-raiser in Tingley Township, his cattle being thorough-bred, and his hogs of the Poland- China grade. lie also raises a few horses. He has a natural grove north of his house and barn, which affords the best of protec- tion for his stock in winter. In politics Mr. Archbald is a Republican, casting his first vote for John C. F"remont. S. WILEY, stock-dealer and agri- culturist, section 7, Lott's Creek ''■'* Township, is a native of Guilford Countv, North Carolina, where he was born January 10, 1849, son of Abner and Jane Wiley. When he was two years of age his parents removed to Hendricks Count)-, Indiana, where they resided until 1840, and then moved to what was then the "Far West," beyond the Mississippi, the Territory of Iowa, locating in Jefferson County. He was reared on a farm and re- ceived his education in the pioneer schools of that day. In the spring of 1855 he came to Ringgold County, and settled upon his present farm, entering 240 acres of Government land. His first dwelling was a log cabin, 12x14 feet. He has improved his farm as his means would permit, until the Wiley farm is known as one of the best in the county. He now has 606 acres in a good state of cultivation and well im- proved. He has a tine story-and-a-half resi- dence, surrounded with shade trees, an orchard of two acres, a large native grove of about ten acres, a large barn, 30 x 60 feet, with basement for stock, feed lots, stock scales, and all the conveniences for handling and keeping stock, in which he is extensivelv engaged. He stall-fed the first cattle that were fed in Ringgold County, > • > • .♦ ♦. > ♦-■ > ♦; > ♦: >♦: > ♦: > ♦' ;♦ ♦ > ♦ ■* *'i >>. >.:♦: ;♦:>: >;♦: >:♦: >.♦; :♦.;♦: 'M'M 'MM ;♦::♦; mm: 'MM 'MM. 'MM. 'MM :♦.:♦; :♦'>: >>; >..♦; 'MM. 'MM 'M'M MM 'M'M 'MM 'M'M 'M'M >.;♦; >;♦! :♦ ♦' .♦ ♦ :♦♦: >♦: :♦♦: :♦ ♦• !♦.♦: :♦.♦. >:a >♦: >.♦ :♦♦ >♦; >.♦' >♦: :♦..♦: >,:♦: :♦:• :♦> :♦ • > < > ^ >.♦. ;♦ ♦ ;♦.♦ > * ;♦ ♦ > ♦. >.* :♦.♦. !♦* :♦:♦: :♦ ♦; :♦« 'M*'. 'M* 'M* :♦♦ :♦> :♦♦ :♦■,♦, 'M* :♦ V :♦♦ >♦ '♦ » ♦ V 314 HISTORr OF RINGGOLD CO V NTT. >;>; ■*;■«• •»;♦; •«•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:<>: >::♦; ;o:>: •♦•.;*: '*:♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: :•♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"* >::♦: •»::♦: ;♦;>: :>:;♦: ;■♦:;♦: :♦::*: ;*:;*: :«:>: :■»:>: •»"♦; :♦;:*: :•»::♦: [•»::«■: :«;:♦: :<•:;*■. ;•*■*: •«:'*• !*"♦; :*>: •*"«■: :♦::♦: :•»■'♦■■ :*■■♦• :•;:;♦: ;■>:♦: and in February, 1857, drove them to Council Bluffs and sold them for about 3 cents per pound. He was married in April, 1853, to Miss Elizabeth Jane Stew- art, a native of Virginia. They have six children living — Oscar, Frank, Aleck, Will- iam, Hattie and Jennie. Mr. Wiley is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Garnet Lodge, No. 416, Caledonia. Politically he is a Democrat. Postoffice, Mt. Ayr. — ;^ls«- -<:«► -Hio AWRENCE D. RILEY, section 23, Rilev Township, resides on the pioneer homestead located by his brother Robert H. in 1853. He has been a resident of the township since 1856, and there are few men now livmg in the county who were here when he came. He was born in Marion County, Ohio, May 13, 1835, a son of Will- iam and Hannah Riley. He was reared on a farm, but when sixteen years of age be- gan to learn the blacksmith's trade. The month of his majority he came to Iowa, his brother, Robert, and his sisters, Nancy and Patience, being residents of Ringgold County. He bought 120 acres of land, which is a part of his present farm, but did not settle down to battle with the realities of life till after the war. In March, 1862, he went to Kansas, and enlisted in Com- pany H, Fifth Kansas Cavalry. His ser- vice was all west of the Mississippi River, in Missouri and Arkansas. July 4, 1863, he was in the battle at Helena, and in Octo- ber, 1863, at Pine Bluff. In March, 1864, while scouting on the Saline River, near Mount Elba, he was taken prisoner and was confined ten months and twenty-five da3-s in the stockade at Tyler, Texas. He atone time made his escape, but was taken again with bloodhounds. In February, 1865, he was paroled, and in April, 1865, was honor- ably discharged at Leavenworth, Kansas. He then returned to Ringgold County, and November 8, 1865, was married in Wapello County, Iowa, to Miss Julia Ann Arga- bright, a native of Mahaska County, Iowa, born July 20, 1847, ^ daughter of Gei rge and Cassandra (Downing) Argabright. After his marriage Mr. Rile}- commenced housekeepiug on his land in Ringgold County, having bought the homestead of his brother Robert. He now owns 2^0 acres of fine land, the most of which is under cultivation, and his building im- provements are comfortable and commo- dious. Mr. Riley has been a prominent man in his township, and has held every office in the gift of the people except justice of the peace and constable. He is now, for the third time, a member of the Board of Supervisors of Ringgold County. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. They have had eight children, but six are living — George W., David A., Hannah C, John W., Rebecca E. and Elsie M. Twin sons, Alfred and Albert, died in infancy. Mrs. Riley's father was born in Ross County, Ohio, Januar)- 31, 1812, and her mother was a native of Tippecanoe County, Indiana. The latter died in Wapello County, Iowa, in 1S60, and the father now lives with Mrs. Riley. O. INGRAM, of the firm A. In- gram & Sons, merchantsof Mt. Ayr, ■• Iowa, is one of the representative young business men of the place, and stands high in the estimation of his fellow citizens and all with whom he has any deal. He is a son of Andrew and Hester (Haddix) In- gram, the former being one of the most ex- tensive stock-dealers of Ringgold County. A. O. Ingram was born in Fulton County, Illinois, January 18, 1855, and came to Iowa with his parents in 1869. He is well edu- cated, having been given the advantages :♦":♦::♦:'♦■:♦"♦"♦"♦■■*.:♦"♦>"♦:'*>>"♦"■♦:< ^[♦"♦"c*:cc*>;:*:*»::*:*:*"*:»:»:>:>::*"*.>:>;>"«;;*;;*:>;:«>;* .>:♦: :•»:>: >>: fit. >:;♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦"♦; :♦:>: :«!>! :♦;♦; :■»!♦! ;♦;♦: :«;*! ;♦::♦: :♦;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦;♦; :♦'>; ;♦:>; >;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::■»: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦;:♦; :♦:*■ ;♦;;♦; :*"♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:>; :♦:;♦; :-♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: 'iS.'it, :♦::«; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦■; •♦:;♦; :♦:*; :♦::•• :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; '♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•♦::♦; :♦;;♦: >;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ♦ >: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. < ♦ > ♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ '.* :♦:♦: :♦♦ :♦:♦: :♦:♦: ;«•;♦: >♦: »; :♦:♦; >♦ '♦ ♦' :♦:♦. :♦'•♦: »' >!*■ *♦" >*' :♦♦: :♦♦: !♦♦: :♦♦: '♦:♦: :♦■'♦' :♦: V i-^ ♦" >:♦' >:♦: >:♦: :•♦ ♦" ■♦V*: :♦♦'. >:♦: :♦:♦; ■•:■♦: :♦::♦: »: !♦:;♦: ^^ •»;.•♦: :♦.♦: .♦:.♦: !♦"♦' ;*■ ♦ ♦ ♦: :♦ ♦' ■»■>] :♦ ♦: ;♦'♦: :♦.♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦; :«:♦) >-♦'. >>: >♦: :♦;♦: >.♦: >;'♦: ,» ♦. >:♦: >:.♦! '♦!♦! >♦: ;♦'♦: !♦: ♦'. >. ♦' »' > ♦• ♦, ■*. 81 & of obtaining what would fit him for the successful pursuit of business. He began his mercantile life as a clerk in the store of J. S. Kirbev, with whom he remained several months. He was then em- ployed some time by Huggins, Perkins & Co., and in 1875 formed a partnership with Day Dunning and embarked in business for himself. This firm continued six years, when Mr. Ingram retired, buta few months later he, with his father, bought the stock of Mr. Dunning, thus ft)rmiiig the present firm of A. Ingram & Sons. Theirs is now the leading drv-goods firm in the county and is well known, having a good trade from the surrounding country. They keep a full stock of everything in their line, aiming to please a large trade. Their large, double store is well lighted and is kept in perfect order, showing the oversight of a thorough business man. Mr. Ingram, in addition to attending to his mercantile in- terests, is largely interested in real estate and stock-dealing, owning a good farm in Liberty Township. He was married in 1877 to Miss Addie Kinsell, daughter of D. C. Kinsell, of Mt. Ayr. They have two children — Orr K. and Vera H. Mr. and Mrs. Ingram are active members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and also of the Good Templars order. [EORGE R. EST EL, a son of Jacob and Anna Estel, was born in the State of I'ennsylvania, September 11, 1834. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, remaining on the home farm till twenty years of age, when he began learning the carpenter's trade. He was united in mar- riage to Miss .Martha Roach, who was born June 6, 1840, she being a daughter of George Roach, a native of Pennsylvania. To this union were born five children, of whom four arc yet living — Annie M., born December 11, 1859; R. A., born April 26, 1862; William, born January 14, 1866. and John M., born February- 12, 1869. A son, Jacob, was born July 24, 1864, and died in infancy. Mr. Estel came to Ringgold County, Iowa, in 1874, when he located on his present farm in Lincoln Township, and besides his agricultural j.ursuits follows the carpenter's trade. He has met with suc- cess since coming to Ringgold County, and is now the owner (jf 200 acres of as good land as can be found in his township. He has always been an industrious citizen, and by his honorable fiealings and strict integ- rity he has gained the respect of all who know him. In his political views he is a Democrat. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, belonging to lodge No. 555, of Waynesburg, Pennsylvania. OBERT FIFE, is a native of Ireland, born in County Tyrone, July 12, 1827, a son of Samuel and .Mary A. Fife, with whom he remained till attaining the age of twenty years. He then bade fare- well to his native land, and embarked on a sailing vessel at Londonderry, and after a voyage of six weeks and three days landed in Philadelphia. A week alter his arrival he went to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, where he was variously employed, remain- ing there till 1874. He then went to Clin- ton County, Ohio, where he spent two years, and in March, 1876, he came to Ringgold County, and settled on his pres- ent farm, on section 31, Liberty Township, I where he has 220 acres of choice land, thi i greater part of which is under fine culti- [ vation. Since making his home in Liberty Township he has devoted his time toagri- , cultural pursuits, and in connection with his general larniing he is raising some good I stock of a high grade. Mr. Fife was mar- I ricd in iS5('). to .Miss Iilizabcth Wallace, a >. * ;♦ ♦: :♦"♦: > >; * <■ > ♦ .♦.♦ ;♦:;♦: :♦;♦: :♦;'♦: >!♦! :♦♦! >. ♦" ♦ ♦: ;< * > ♦ ;♦;♦; :♦'♦: >,♦•' >■'♦" w ♦ ♦ ■« ♦ ♦ ♦' >*' '' >■: ♦ ♦'. ♦ ♦' ;♦'"♦' *♦ *' .>:>:»::*;:c*>:>::c*::oz*;»;;o»>;>;»:;c*;:*>ic*:>;:*>z<^^^^ 316 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. :♦:.♦■: :♦:;*; »:.♦; :♦:>; :•»..♦: ;*: ;♦: :♦:;•*: :»:>; :«.>" ;♦» :♦;:♦: :♦;>: »: :«::♦: *::♦; :•♦::♦; :♦::♦: :<>:»: :«'*: :■«•:■♦: :*:■<>; »: :■*;;♦; ;♦::♦; •<>;;♦: !*"♦; :»:;♦: :>;:♦; :<>:;♦: ;♦::•»: :♦::♦; :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :•■:-:>; :♦:•>; ♦:■♦; :♦:>: :>)' *: ;«;♦: ;«:;<>: :<>!>: :«::♦: !«]•»] >;:♦; ;♦;:♦: >■>: ;♦:♦; •*:;♦- ■♦;'♦; >:.♦; :♦::*; ♦:>; :♦;:*: *♦: >, •>; >:♦; >:;♦; native of Massachusetts, but at the time of her marriage living in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, to which county her parents removed when she was a child. To Mr. and Mrs. Fife have been born five children, of whom only three are living — Agnes, William M. and James P. Their daughter, Mary J., died at the age of fourteen years. Mr. Fife and his family are members of the United Presb3'terian church, of which he has served as trustee. Mr. Fife is alwaj'S interested in every enterprise which he deems of benefit to his county or town- ship. He is one of the active and public- spirited men of this community, and a much-respected citizen. ■^>- -«*«- -=«* H. TEALE, junior partner of the firm of J. E. Teale & Brother, was l''^ born in Ohio, January 22, 1852, son of Frederick Teale whose sketch appears elsewhere in this volume. When he was two years of age his parents removed to Jo Daviess Countv, Illinois, near Warren. Here Mr. Teale passed his early life, as- sisting on the farm, and receiving his ed- ucation in the common schools of that county. In 1862 tliey came to Decatur County, and engaged in farming one year in Decatur Township. He then removed to Fayette Township, where he resided two years, thence to New Buda Township. In 1874 Mr. Teale engaged in the lumber business with his brother, J. E. Teale. In 1879 ^^s removed to Kellerton, coming be- fore the town was named. Their stone building was the first business house erect- ed. They carry a large stock of goods, consisting of dry-goods, boots and shoes, hats and caps, clothing, staple and fancy groceries, and a full line of hardware. They started the first lumber yard in the town, wiiich is now owned b}' A. H. Teale. He was married January i, 1871, to Miss Frances Leachman, of New Buda Town- ship, and they have four children — Clar- ence, Harve}-, Katy and Estella. Mr. Teale is a member of Kellerton Lodge, No. 425, I. O. O. F. Politically he is a Republican, and numbered among the solid business men of Kellerton. •oaaac/©-^*— j,^ x4— >*^-SK33J*« tNDREW INGRAM, one of the lead- ing stock dealers of Ringgold County, and one who, by his energ}- and per- severance, has contributed largely to its interests, came to Ringgold County from Monmouth, Warren County, Illinois, in 1869. He is a native ot Scotland, born in Aberdeen, Ma)' 29, 1833. When he was eight years of age his parents, George and Jane (Smith) Ingram, immigrated to the United States, via Quebec, Canada, and were fort)-two daj's in crossing the ocean in a sailing vessel. Landing at Quebec they proceeded via the lakes to Huron, and thence to Savannah, Ohio, where the}' lived a number of years, and where An- drew grew to manhood and was educated. He remained with his parents until twenty- one years old, when he started out to com- mence the battle of life for himself. For several 3-ears he engaged in farming, teach- ing school during the winter, and then turned his attention to dealing in stock, on a small scale at first, as his means were limited. At that time he was living in Monmouth, Illinois, where he remained un- til 1869, when he came to Mt. Ayr, Iowa, and located in Ringgold County. His first business in the county was to buy hogs and cattle and drive them, on foot, to Afton and Leon. He has kept steadily at this business until he is now one of the largest buyers and shippers in Southern Iowa. In no year does he ship less than seventy-five car-loads, often reaching as ::♦::♦:'«•>; :;••:•♦;:«..»•; :♦;*: :*:♦: :♦::♦; :v>; :♦;;♦: :♦:>; :♦:>; >;:*■: >;:*■: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :■»::♦: >:.^: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ».:♦: .<»"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >:■•; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«-: :♦::«: :♦:*: :■••:♦: :♦"♦; :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :*:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: *:>: ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; >;:♦: :♦:>: >:.♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;>; :♦:■»: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: >::♦■ :♦::♦: :♦:>; $»::»: »;:♦; :♦;;♦; »::«': >::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;* :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: ••:♦: :;♦"♦:;♦::♦: ^i OtJ :«i.4 1^ »::« :♦>: »>: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;c»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦>: :«»: »::♦: !»::« !»::«': :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: ;«::« :♦:>: ;«;:♦: :♦>; ;♦>: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;« »::♦: <»:.♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦>: >::♦: !»::♦: :«::«: :♦::♦: »::»: »>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: •»:;* :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«;;♦: *^ :♦::♦: :♦-♦: >"♦: :♦"♦; :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :*:!»: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:!«': ;♦::♦: mw. :♦:>: :«::'»: :♦::♦: >"♦: ;♦"'•: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::*: $^ ;♦>: K* !♦;:♦; j^* k*: :♦♦: ■»:;♦: M BIOGRAPII/CAL SKETCHES. 319 high as 125. He, in addition to his stock business, is one of the largest land-owners in the county, owning 1,000 acres, all well cultivated and well stocked. For the past eleven years he has been connected with the dry-goods trade, a member of the firm of A. Ingram & Sons, which is under the direction of his son, A. O. Ingram. Mr. Ingram is an enterprising business man, and has contributed largely of his means toward the development and improvement of his adopted county. He has always been a strict temperance man, and has given his influence on the side of law and order. He was married in 1854, to Miss Hester A. Haddix, a native of Virginia. They have two sons — A. O. and Wilber B. tF. WALTER, farmer, section 3, Lott's Creek Township, was born in <* Lucas Count)-, Ohio, March 7, 1837, son of Abraham and Martha Walter, of Pennsylvania. He was the fourth of eleven children, and was reared a farmer. He re- ceived a limited education in the common schools, but studied hard at home. In 1855 the Walter family started for Iowa by- team, and arrived in Ringgold County July 1 1. The father located on section 9, Lott's Creek Township, where he still resides at an advanced age, and where he has all the comforts of a good home. At that time there were but three families living in the township. Game was abundant and sup- plied the family witii jjlcnty of meat. .Mr. Walter was married December 4, 1859, to Miss Nancy Johnson, a native of Putnam County, Indiana, and daughter of James and Juriah Johnson who came to Ringgold County in 1856. Mr. Walter located on a piece of wild land near Caledonia. Octo- ber 15, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Twenty-third Missouri Infantry, and served three years and two and a half months. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Shiloh and held fifty-three days at Mem- phis, Mobile, Cohabba, Alabama, and Ma- con, Georgia, after which he was paroled and sent to Benton Barracks at St. Louis for a time; was then granted a furlough and came home. He was afterward ex-, changed and returned to the front. He was at the siege of Atlanta, J onesborough and Savannah, and was discharged December 29, 1864; then returned to his home in Ringgold County. In 1872 he came to his present farm which was then in its primitive condition. It is well improved and in a good state of cidtivalion. He has a good story-and-a-half residence, out-buildings for stock, an orchard of eighty-five trees, small fruits, and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Everything about the premises betokens tlie thrift and enterprise of the owner. Mr. and Mrs. Walter are the parents of ten children — Mary Ann, Vinola P., Nancy Lillj-, Laura Belle, Am- nion J., Varden, Lizzie, Martin Luther, Minerva J. and Ler(iy. Mr. Walter is a member of Post No. 96, G. A. R., Mt. A3-r, and is a worthy and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is trustee and one of its most liberal sup- porters. Politicallv he is a Republican. Postoffice, Caledonia. -ra- -£> >' r. BARRETT, fanner, section 5, Middle Fork Township, was born in ^'' * Brown County, Ohio, July 5. 1842. His parents were James and Margaret (Butt) Barrett, the former a native of Col- umbiana County, Ohio, and the latter of Brown County. They were married near Ru.ssellville, and reared nine children — John T., Frances E., Gilbert L., William H., Rebecca, A. C. Mary, George and Mel- cena. When twelve years of age his parents removed to Warren County, Illi- »::« »:♦• ;«»: :♦:>: >;;♦: !»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >.v. :♦■*• :♦::*: »:"♦: !»::*: !»:;♦: i** »>: »;;♦: :♦::♦: ;«:;*: :*::♦: m :♦"♦: !•::«: !»:.♦: »:.*; :«:♦; V.'Uf. !»: :♦>: :♦::« »:♦: <»::«! !»:>: :*::♦: w.w. :♦:;♦: »:;♦: »::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: »>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::«: >::«: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦>: :«::«: .^"♦: ;♦:;*: i^ ;♦;<*; >::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: !♦:'♦: :«::«; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: !*;:♦: :♦::« !♦::♦: :♦::♦; »: !•"♦: m :♦:>: !•:»: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; >:>: !♦!♦: .♦♦: i»i.*i y. >:>;:*:«««<*>>>:;cc*:ccc«:c*>>>»::*::*;:*::«:cc*;:c*:^^^^ :«■::♦: >;>; :«•>: :♦:;♦: ;<>>; :♦;:♦: :«:>: :»::♦; >.;♦: :•♦••»; :«•> >::♦: >:>: '•»"?«• :♦::»; :■»•:♦: :♦:;♦; ?>::» :♦::«: ;<■:♦; :♦:>: >";* :*::*; :■»■;:♦: >;>: >>: :■♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: •»"«: >:;♦: :<■::*: I*::*: ;■*::♦; :<•.:♦: ■•••»: :♦:;•♦: :■*"•»: :•♦::<►: ;■*■;♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦;:»: :*:>: :*::<■: :«■::<•; :♦::*: :♦:;♦: :■»::*; :<•::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:»: .*::♦: ;•>"*! :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :«>:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;*, »::♦: *>; »: :<>:■♦•: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;<•:;♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: >;♦; :♦.;»: :♦:>: :•»;;»: :♦::♦: :«;;o: :■»;:♦: ;♦:;*: :♦:;«: :♦::♦•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦::»; :*:;* *:«: >::«•: :«:';-: :<►:>: :*::♦: 320 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. nois, where his early life was spent on the farm and attending the common schools. His father died in 1861, and in 1867 the family removed to Story County, Iowa where J. T. resided until 1881, when he' settled upon his present farm, which was then in a wild state. He owns 120 acres, all in a good state of cultivation and well improved, a comfortable home, out-build- ings for stock, and a good orchard. He was married September 15, 1875, to Miss Margaret A. Silvers, born in High Point Township, Decatur County, July 19, 1857, and daughter of Jesse and Sylvia (Trullin- ger) Silvers, the former a native of Ken- tucky, and the latter of Indiana. The father came to Iowa in 1843, and the mother in 1849. They were married in Davis County, and reared a family of nine chil- dren— G. C, Thomas J., Nancy, Margaret, Adaline, Henry, Priscilla and Alda. Mr. and Mrs. Barrett have six children — William Lee, Jesse Cross, George Emmett, Ora Lafayette, Charles Lloyd and Floyd. In politics Mr. Barrett is a Republican. He is a member of the Masonic and other societies. Postoffice, Redding. ■•»=>- -<«» fOHN H. ALLYN, of the firm of Allyn Brothers, bankers and dealers in real estate, is a native of Illinois, born in De Witt County in the town of Clinton, Sep- tember 7, 1849, the fifth child in the family of Henry and Emily (Forman) Allyn. Mr. Allyn passed his boyhood days in his native county, receiving a good educ.\tion in the common schools. At the age of sixteen years lie accompanied his mother, a widow, to Ringgold Countv, Iowa. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, but on reaching manhood he embarked in the dr)--goods and grain business at Redding. Ringgold County, which he followed lor four years. He then, in May, 1S86, became associated ■ :♦"♦::♦::*>;:♦"♦"♦;;' with his brother, George S. All3"n, in the Mt. Ayr Bank and real-estate business at Mt. Ayr. Mr. John H. Allyn also repre- sents several good fire-insurance compa- nies : Germania, Continental, Union of California and the Commercial Union. Mr. All3'n was married in September, 1882, to Miss Josie Ferguson of Worth County, Missouri, a daughter of John M. Ferguson of Grant City, Missouri, where he was late judge of the Probate Courts. Mr. and Mrs. Allyn are the parents of one son, Elton. Mr. Allyn in his religious views is an Epis- copal Methodist. 'i*;2^^?<5«^ - |ETER MERRITT, farmer, section 21, ' Athens Township, has been identi- — J^" fied with the interests of Ringgold County for thirty years. He was born in Belmont County, Ohio, November 4, 1828, son of William J. Merritt, whose sketch appears on another page of this history. When he was two years old his parents re- moved to Morgan County, Ohio, where he resided until nineteen years of age. His early life was spent at farm work. He re- ceived a limited education in the subscrip- tion schools of the back woods. In 1847 the family removed to Jackson. February 23, 1850, Mr. Merritt was married to Miss Minerva J. Skinner, born in Perry County, Ohio, daughter of Charity and Samuel Skinner. In 1853, accompanied by wife and one child, he came to Iowa by team. His father and a brother-in-law named Fos- ter came with them. The first winter was passed in Washington. In 1854 he re- moved to Marion County where he resided until the spring of 1855, when he located in Athens Township, on 120 acres of Government land, entered the fall before, built a log cabin, 12 x 14, with puncheon floor, and clapboard roof. He afterward removed to section 27, where '*>; :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :<■!*: >:>; >•:♦: ;<■::♦: >:♦" >■>: »; ;♦:;♦: :•♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >:♦; >:,*: :♦;♦: :«::♦: :♦:•»; :♦;;♦; :♦;♦: ;»::♦: ;♦::♦: :•*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦;■♦• ;♦.;♦; >:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■»: :*"♦; :♦;;♦; :■♦';♦: ;♦:>: :«•■>: :♦::«• :♦■::♦: »::♦: :♦:•<> :♦;;♦: :«:.«■: :<■;* :«:>; :«::♦; :♦:;♦; >:•♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: :•♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :«•;:♦: ;♦':♦: :«.>: :♦::♦: ;»::*; ■*;;♦; ;♦;;♦; ;*>: >::«: :♦:;♦: :*:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«•: :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦:;♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .^::«: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.*: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :■♦:;♦; :♦:'♦: ;•»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: >:♦: - ii:fi:ii:fi:)i:fi:ii:is:ii:if:!t:i(:fi:ii:ii:ii:!f:ff:i(:ii:ii:iii:*^:^ ■ ♦ »■ ♦' '♦"♦"♦"♦"♦"♦' ' •■:♦:.♦:♦;♦.♦.» ■ ♦•♦"♦:■»:♦.■ • ♦_♦.♦♦:♦.< • ♦_♦_♦♦♦.' m >:.♦: :«:>: >!>: ;♦;♦; >;:♦! »: i^ :♦"♦: :•;:♦: :♦:•»•: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: »: >:>: ;♦::•: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: *S :♦:»; :♦::*: >;>: :♦::«: :♦;:♦: ■*;♦: ;♦:>: >:>: >:>; >:>: »: »: :♦"*: >::<»: :♦;:♦; >::«; :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: !•:»: >::«': ;♦::*: :«"'*: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«.:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:«: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: »::♦: »::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »"♦: :♦::«': :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: BIOGRAPHICAL UK ETCHED. a2i he resided until 1879, when he sold out and re-purchased the old homestead, known as Merritt Station, which he still owns. The farm contains eighty acres, well cultivated. He has a fine residence, 16 .\ 24, with L 14 X 16, built in 1880. He also owns eighty acres on section 21, with good house and orchard, 160 acres on section 27, well im- proved, making in all '^'j'j acres. Politically he is a Democrat. They have one daughter, Martha, wife of C. H. Lewis, of Athens Townsliip. Mr. Merritt started in life without means, but by good management he has acquired a good property. He is classed among the leading citizens of Ring- gold County. UKE SHAY, a prominent and suc- cessful farmer, and one of the largest stock-buyers and shippers in Ringgold County, is a native of Ireland, born in the year 1824, a son of John Shay who was a farmer in comfortable circumstances. Luke Shay passed his boyhood on his father's farm, remaining in his native countv til! reaching maturity, and was there married March 6, 1848,10 Miss Julia Whelan. Of the nine children born to tliis unif)n seven are yet living — John V., born in 1849; Jere- miah, born in 1850; Margaret E., born No- vember 22, 1853, is now the wife of M. N. Hart ; Thomas S., born December 19, 1855; William IL, born December 19, 1857; Luke H., born March 14, i860, de- ceased ; Michael C, born February 20, 1862 ; Mary J., born January 9, 1864, deceased; Edward L., born September 15, 1866, de- ceased. One month after his marriage Mr. Shay sailed with his bride from Liverpool, England, and thirty-two days later landed in New York, May 10, 1848. In 1S51 they located in Clarke County, Iowa, and soon after removed to Union County. They came to Ringgold County in 1854, and set- tled on a farm in Washington (now Jeffer- son) Township, where they made their home for ten years. They then followed farming on the Platte River for eighteen )'cars, when they settled on their i)resent farm on section i, of Rice Townshi|i. Mr. Shay commenced farming and trading in stock in Ringgold County on a small capi- tal of $360. He applied himself diligently to his business interests, and b}- his perse- vering energy and excellent business quali- ties he has made his pursuit a success. His farm now contains 700 acres of well-culti- vated land, and he is one of the most ex- tensive shippers in the West, his shipments of hogs and cattle amounting annually to 1 50 car-loads. Besides his home farm Mr. Shay has accumulated much prcjperty, having given to each of his children a good farm of 200 acres. All of them are doing well and are honorable and res|5ected citizens. Mr. Shay has a good residence, comfort- able and convenient, where he is sur- rounded by all the necessary comforts of life. Both Mr. and Mrs. Shay are worthy members of the Roman Catholic church. In his political views Mr. Shay is a Demo- crat and a strong sui)porter of his party. He is one of the active and public-spirited citizens of his township and has contributed largely to the agricultural interests of Ringgold County. -0—5-^ ,UGG1NS, SAVILLE&LAWHEAD, dealers in dry-goods, boots and shoes, groceries, hardware, stoves and tin- ware, clothing, hats, caps, etc., Red- ding, Iowa. This firm is one of tlie most enterprising mercantile houses in Ringgold County. The men comprising the firm are I known to be among the best business men of Ringgold County. It is a branch of a large mercantile house in Mt. Ayr, and was established at Redding in the fall of 1886. >.>: >:♦! :♦;« >,:♦: >::♦. >>: 55 :♦::♦: :♦;♦; >!>: >;>: :♦;:♦; !♦>; »; !♦;>; :♦;:♦: »: :*;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; 'm. >::♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :«:♦: >::«: >;:♦: :«::«': ;♦:♦: :♦;>: i^* 51 :♦>: :♦;:■•• :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::« »::♦: >::♦: :♦:;« :«::♦: >::*; >::«: :•::♦: :♦.:♦: >;♦: :«.>; »::♦; :♦.:♦; :«.:♦: >::♦: >::•: 'f>:::♦: »::♦: ♦ ♦ >:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:>; ;♦:;« :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; >:;* :♦::« MM :♦;:* :♦::«! :♦::* ;♦::♦; >:>: :♦::♦; :♦::* :♦;:* ;♦:;♦; :♦;:« :♦:>: >;:'« 'M.'Hi w:m >::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: >::♦. :♦:>' ;♦;;♦; »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::<« :♦:>: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;•« >::♦: :♦:>; :♦"♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :«::« :♦:;* :♦::♦; :♦:'>: :♦::♦: :♦;:« ;*'>; ;*:>; >;>; :♦;:•« :♦;:« :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::«s :♦;:♦: 'm:m :♦;:* :♦:;•« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::■« :♦;:♦; :♦:* :«•;:♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦:;« :♦:;♦: :«:« :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM ;*::♦;>: 333 H/STOJtr OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. It is under the supervision and manage- ment of tiie junior partner, D. E. Lawhead. Mr. Lawhead was born in Logan County, Ohio, September 26, 1853. His father, R. J. Lawhead, is a prominent citizen of Ring- gold County. His mother was formerly M. J. Elder. The family removed to War- ren County, Illinois, in 1854, where they resided until 1876. Our subject was edu- cated at Monmouth, Illinois. In 1873 he commenced teaching, and followed that oc- cupation until 1879, when he engaged in the mercantile trade at Mt. Ayr, with J. R. Henderson, as clerk. Two years later he went into business with liis father, the firm being Lawhead & Son. In 1882 the pres- ent firm was organized. Mr. Lawhead was married September 26, 1876, to Miss Rettie Wright of Monmouth, Illinois, and they have one child — Orr. Mr. Lawhead is a member of the United Presbyterian church, and politically is a Republican. Though but a young man he has gained an enviable reputation, socially and financiall}'. CT C. HEPPERLEY, farmer and stock raiser, living on section 30, Lincoln ^i ® Township, was born in the State of Illinois, April 12, 1840, a son of John and Permelia Hepperle}', who were na- tives of Pennsylvania and Ohio respect- ively. Our subject was reared to the occupation of a farmer, which he has followed through life. At the age of twenty-three years he began farming on his own account. He was united in marriage to Miss Selina A. King, a daughter of W. and Eliza (Brown) King, who were natives of Ohio. They have si.v children — Jacob F., born May 24, 1864; L. C, born January 6, 1866 ; Joim W., born July 2, 1870; Alice E., born August 24, 1873; .Mark W., born July 24, 1875, ^"cl Grace P., born June 19, 1877. Mr. Hcpperley came to Iowa in the spring of 1869, remaining but a short time, when he went to Kansas. After spending three years in that State he returned to Illi- nois, where he resided two years, coming thence to Ringgold County, Iowa, since which he has lived on his present farm. He is one of the prosperous farmers of Lincoln Township, where he has 200 acres of choice land all under cultivation. He has a fine orchard on his land which contains 100 apple trees, besides an abun- dance of other kinds of fruit. Since coming to this county Mr. Hepperley has served as road supervisor in Lincoln Township. He and his famil}- are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. 5«-5*K>- .-^yr5jELVILLE BENEDICT, a prosper- ''llx/r^ ous and public-spirited citizen of *^^^^ Riley Township, residing on section 3, was born in Fairfield County, Connecti- cut, March 20, 1853,3 son of Benjamin and Emil}' Benedict, the father born in New Canaan, Fairfield County, Connecticut, August 23, 1824, and the mother a native of North Salem, Westchester County, New York, born July 8, 1828. The mother died in Connecticut, March 18, 1864, leaving three children — Mrs. Clementine Bloomer, living in Connecticut; Melville, our sub- ject and Van Wyck, born November 22, i860, a telegraph operator of Polk County, Iowa. Melville Benedict accompanied his father to this State in 1868, making their home in Burlington about seven years, when he removed to Decatur Count)'. Our subject was married in Decatur County, December 16, 1877, to Miss Susan E. Long- acre, born in Marion County, Ohio, March 6, i860, a (laughter of Daniel Longacre, who died in Decatur County July 22, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Benedict have had three chililren, of whom their first child died in infancy. The names of those living arc — mMMMVMXvri^4srMr!(riK'Mr!CMX!frif^^^ :♦.;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: MM. MM. MM MM M.M MM M.M M.M MM. :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;!♦: >:;♦: ;♦:>: >::♦) :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: MM MM MM MM :♦::♦; MM MM M.M. M.M M.M. 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Mr. Benedict located on his present farm on section 3 in the fall of 187S, where he has 220 acres, besides which he owns two other small tracts, twenty acres in this, Riley Township, and seventeen acres in Harrison Oiunty, Mis- souri. Politically Mr. Benedict is a Re- publican. He is a much-respected citizen of Riley Township, and gives liberally of his means toward the advancement of any ent'.rprise which he deems for the good of his neighborhood, township or count}-. ^%l: fll. GANDER, farmer, section 10, Mid- dle Fork Township, is a I'ative of Mus- " kingum County, Ohio, where he was born September/, 1839. His father, George Gander, was a native of Culpeper County, Virginia, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and his mother, Elizabeth Groves Gander, was a native of Zanesville, Ohio. She was the second wife of George Gan- der, and was the motlier of five children, J. H. being the second child. His early life was passed in assisting on the farm. He was educated at Putnam Universitv, and Zanesville, Ohio. When the civil war broke out he enlisted, in 1861, in Captain Tallcy's company ((jr three months, and served his time, then re-enlisted for three years in Company B, Seventy-eighth Ohio Infantry, being the second name on the com- pany roll, and was in thirty-five different engagements. Their initiatory engage- ment was at Fort Donclson ; then Shiloh, Corinth, Water Valley march, and all the battles down the Mississippi River prior to the siege of Vicksburg. which were fought by General Grant. They were at Vicks- burg, and then went with General Sherman from Ackworlh to Atlanta, where, July 22, 1864, Mr. Gander was wounded in the right knee, and was sent home. He rejoined his regiment in time to go with Sherman to the sea, and thence north to Goldsboro, where they fought their last battle. PVom j there went to Washington, and after the grand review of the army went by rail to I Louisville, Kentucky, and thence to Col- umbus, Ohio, and were mustered out. He was wounded twice, first at Shiloh, where he received a slight scalp wound, and the second time, July 22, in front of Atlanta, ' Georgia. He was taken prisoner at Baker's I Ferry, Chattahoochie River, Georgia, made his escape the same day and joined his regiment. He enlisted as a private ; was promoted to Second Lieutenant in June, 1864, and to First Lieutenant in the fall of that same year. February 15, 1865, he received a Captain's commission, and served in that capacity until the close of the war. He was honorably discharged in July, 1865, receiving his final discharge at Columbirs, Ohio. He resided in Muskin- gum Count)', teaching until 1867, when he removed to Ringgold County. He was married August 4, 1871, to Miss Emma C. Arnctt, daughter of Hcnr}' Arnett, a pio- neer of Ringgold County. After his mar- riage he located upon his present farm, where he has since resided, with the ex- ception of one year, in i876-'7, spent in teaching in California. His farm contams 120 acres, in a good state of cultivation, and well improved. He has a good story- and-a-half residence, well furnished, sur- rounded with shade and ornamental trees, a comuKJilious barn, 24x40 feet, a native grove of two acres, an orchard of two acres, and everything about the j)remises indicates the thrift and enterprise of the owner. Mr. and Mrs. Gander are the par- ents of four children — Gilbert ^L, Carrie L., Henry C. and Edna E. Mr. Gander has served creditably as township trustee, assessor, road supervi.sor and member of the School Board. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Lodge >;>! :♦>: :♦>; ». »: >..♦: ;♦.* >'♦: !»;:♦; :♦!:♦; >:;♦: >>: 5$ >>: :♦:♦; :♦>: >>: >>: :♦;.♦; !•::♦; !»■;♦: :•♦:■»: >!;♦: ;♦.;♦: >::♦: :♦:♦; >::♦: :♦::•: :♦;>: ;♦;♦: >> >:♦: >::♦: !•>: »: :♦>: :♦:>: >■* ;«:♦: ;♦:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦'* :♦:* :♦::♦: !♦;:♦: !»::*: »::♦■ >::«: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: ;♦::« ;♦::♦: :«.:♦; :♦:* »: >::♦: >.:« :♦::« :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦' !♦-•*■ !•::•. !»::•: :♦:;« ;♦:♦: >• :♦.;•. »:♦: »:♦: !«:« !•.;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :«>: :«:« :♦.:« »:« :♦.:♦; ;♦:♦: !».:« :«:« »:;« :«:* >::♦: ;♦« :♦:«! *:♦: ♦ ♦ >:>; ■♦"«■: :♦::♦: ■♦;,4: :♦:>: :■»::*: :♦::♦; :♦::*•: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:•»; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: *:♦: <»;•»: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ■••:>: :♦"♦; :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :*:* :♦:•»: :♦"♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>" :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;*•; :♦;:♦: :♦;*; :♦::♦; '*:♦: ;♦:>; ■*::♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦; ••)«; :♦:>; :♦:>: ;♦:.♦: >.>; ;♦:;♦; :■♦.'■»; :♦;•»; :♦:;♦: !♦::•»; >:♦: >;♦: :♦:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:«•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦!*: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:•••; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: '♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: 3»::«; ?^ :♦::»: :♦:>: >:> 324 inSTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. No. 169, Mt. A3'er; is also a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church, exhorter and a recording steward ot that church, and always takes an active part in religious or educational matters. Politically he is a Republican. Postoffice, Ingart. lUf HOMAS PRICE, deceased, was one •mm- of the substantial citizens of Ring- gold County, and at the time of his death was a resident of Tingley Town- ship. He was a native of Hampshire, England, born February 2, 1843, ^"d at the age of five years was brought by his parents, Thomas and Ann (Prichard) Price, to America. The family settled in Will County, Illinois, where both parents died. Of seven children born to them Thomas Price, our subject, was the youngest. His eldest brother was killed in the late war. Thomas Price enlisted at the age of nine- teen years in the three-years' service, a member of Compan}' G, One Hundredth Illinois Infantry, and at the expiration of his term ::c«?Kr«;«:«»;s»:*:c«»"c*::*:c*"*>"'r*>^^^^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦:>; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: '*:♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦, ;♦;;♦; >::♦; >■;♦; :♦:;♦; >::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; •♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦)■♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :*::* :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; >;;♦; :♦>; :♦;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«•: :♦:;♦: :♦:■♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; >:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; >:*; ;♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:■♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦);♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;.♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦,:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦.:♦: >;;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: ;«■:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦::♦:* :♦:»:;♦; ♦ > <■ *. ♦, ♦. ♦;:♦; ♦:;♦; ;♦:♦: ,♦:;♦: ♦.♦: ♦:♦; ♦ ♦: ♦::♦: ♦ :♦: *"*'. ♦ :♦: •» ♦: ♦;♦: ♦:;♦: ♦>; *'.*'. ♦>; *.*■. ♦:♦: <•:♦: ♦ !♦; .♦:.♦; :♦:♦; .*:!»: :♦:♦: '■»:♦; ♦"'♦: ♦ ♦: " ♦: ♦'■»: ♦:'♦: ♦:*: .♦:'♦: m «♦; :♦>: :•:•': >::♦: ;♦;•»: '♦::♦: c ♦; ,♦.♦1 »:«: '*'.'*'. ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; »..♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦; i^* .♦;.♦: :♦:.♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦: >::«: ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦; ■»;:♦; !?$ m >;>: ;♦;>; ;♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦; !♦:♦; v* i B/OGRAPtilCAJL SKETCJIES. 325 1871 : Sarah E., April 18, 1873 ; Eva J., February 28, 1S77; Jessie F"., January 21, 1880; Carrie E., March 18, 1882, and Ben- jamin A., born March 9, 1885. Their eld- est child, C. E., was born November 24, i860, and died December 4, 1864; and C. J. was horn October 24, 1875. died Marcli 28, 1876. Mr. Keller is one of the active and enterprising citizens of Grant Township, and during his residence here has filled the offices of justice of the peace, township trustee and school director. He was a sol- dier in the war of the Rebellion, enlisting in Company M, Third Iowa Cavalry. He was mustered out at Atlanta, Georgia, and discharged at Davenport, Iowa, August ig, 1865. Mr. Keller has been identified with the interests of Ringgold County since 1855, living with his father until i860, in which year he built a hewed-log house, in which he lived a number of years, and wiiich has now been replaced by his present more commodious and substantial residence. Mr. and Mrs. Keller with their family are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal church. In his political views Mr. Keller is a Re- publican. fOHN C. FOUSER, one ol the repre- sentative farmers of Union Township, residing on section 28, was born in Sum- mit County, Ohio, the date of his birth be- ing September 28, 1841, a scm of Jacob and Sarah Fouser. The family removed to Will County, Illinois, in 1854, where both parents died. John C. Fouser, the subject of this sketch, lived in his native county till about thirteen years of age, when he accompanied his parents to Will County, Illinois, and there he grew to manhood, being reared to agricultural pursuits. Mr. Fouser came with his family to Ringgold County, Iowa, in March, 1877, and com- menced improving, from a state of nature, his fine farm property of 240 acres, which. with the exception of forty acres, is loca- ted on section 28, Union Township, the re- maining forty acres being on section 32. His farm is now under a high state of cul- tivation, on which he has planted both shade and fruit trees in large numbers, erected a very fine residence, and has made his home very attractive in its surround- ings. In politics Mr. Fouser casts his suf- frage with the Republican party. [ALEXANDER BLACKMoRE. tann- er, section 8, is one of the old pio- neers of Monroe Township. He was born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, De- cember 18, 1830. His parents were Sam- uel and Elizabeth (Thompson) Blackmore^ the former a native of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and the latter of Beaver County. They had five children — Alex- ander, Martha, Jane, Elizabeth and Samuel. When Mr. Blackmore was eight years of age the family removed to Richland, now Ashland County, Ohio, where his early life was spent upon a farm and in attending the subscription schools held in log school- houses. In September, 1856, he was mar- ried to Miss Ann Sneer, a native of Huron County, Ohio, daughter of John and Eliza- beth (Simmons) Sneer. A short time after his marriage he started for Iowa with a team, and spent the winter of i856-'7 in Monroe Township with his brother-in-law. Isaac Oliver. The folk)wiiig spring he lo cated in Union Township where he bought eighty acres of land and resided upon it si.\ years. He then sold, and purchased his present farm of 138 acres, of his father. Here he has since resided and further improved the farm until he has one of the best improved farms in his township. He owns lyg acres, a fine resilience built in 1883, modern style, bay windows, and porticos, and well furnished. He has also ♦ ♦ .» ♦: ♦ ♦' •:'♦ .♦ ♦. ♦ .♦! > ♦; V ♦. .♦ >! .♦ •: ,♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: .♦.♦: :♦♦: ;• .♦. >'♦: :♦«■: '* '<■'. '.* *: >:,♦: ♦ » ♦ * .♦.-». * "» ;♦> .♦;♦ :♦ ♦ .♦♦; :♦::*: >;;♦: :♦>■ :♦ ♦. :■»:■*. .*' > .♦..♦. ♦.■♦, .♦.♦. >..♦. .♦■* :♦.* ♦..♦: ♦ ♦. ,♦,:♦: '♦:.♦. >'♦; :♦:♦: ♦ •>: ♦ >: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ;•♦ ». '♦:>■ :• '*■'. ♦■♦' ■*♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: .♦•; ♦ • .♦♦. !t ♦. ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ * ♦ 326 HISTORT OF RIXGGOLD COUNTY. ■ .V, >:»' :■«>: :»;♦: :•»:*: :•*.>: :♦:;♦: ':♦:•»: >:>; :♦;>; >;:♦; ;♦:;♦: '*»: :♦::<■: :♦;:♦: ;♦">: >"•>: ;♦::*; ;<•:>; >:>; :♦::«•; >;:*; :*;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:•»: >:>; ;«■:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•♦;:*: :♦:>: .■»::*; ;*;>: >:«■: :♦:;♦; :•»:>; :♦.;♦: :♦>: ;«::♦: '^!!*! :♦:* ;*>: :*>: :♦:;♦: >:;v; >::«■: :♦"* :♦;:«•: >:;«•: ;<■■»; :•>•.;♦: :«•■;♦: •»:;♦; >:;♦; ;♦:;♦; »:;♦: ;■»:>: :»:;♦: ■♦:>; '♦::♦: ■I':;*: '■»:«; :♦.♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ■♦::♦: :♦::•♦: :«>::♦: :•♦:;♦: ** .♦'♦; ;*:;*: :♦;:♦: a good barn, and out-buildings for stock, a good orchard, and everything about the premises shows the industry and thrift of its owner. He also owns eighty acres of improved land on section i6. Mr. and Mrs. Blackmore are the parents of five children, but two are living — John and Nellie. Three died in infancy. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, and politically is a Republican. He started in life without means, but by industry and good management he has accumulated a fine property. Postoffice, Blackmore. |EV. B. DAVID HIMEBAUGH, one of the enterprising agriculturists of ^^^ Washington Township, residing on River Lawn Farm, was born in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, January i6, 1824. His parents, Jacob and Christina (Altman) Himebaugh, were natives of Pennsylvania, and were married in Greensburgh, that State. After their marriage they settled in Crawford County, Penns^'lvania, where they lived till thtir death. Our subject lived in his native county till sixteen years of age, when he went to Cleveland, Ohio, and there learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed four 3-ears. He was married in 1854 to Miss Ellen Cross, a na- tive of Chautauqua County, New York, and daughter of George W. and Mary (Nellis) Cross. They have one daughter living — Alice, wife of Dr. H. J. C. Reed, of Worth County, Missouri. Their eldest daughter, Ella, died in Mendota, Illinois, September 2, 1856. After his marriage Mr. Himebaugh settled in Mendota, La Salle County, Illinois, where he lived eighteen years, working at his trade most of the time. In the fall of 1872 he came with his family to Ringgold County, Iowa, where he purchased forty acres of his present farm, then raw prairie land. He has since added to his original purchase till he has 175 acres, which he has brought under fine cul- tivation. In connection with his general farming and stock-raising he runs a small dairy. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he is an active worker in the Sabbath-school. He has been a minister of that denomina- tion since 1849, ^"^ ^^^'^ ordained deacon in 1859, '" Galena, Illinois, by Bishop Ames, and elder in Freeport, Illinois, in 1869, by Bishop Clark. He joined the Rock River Conference in 1857, and was appointed to High Prairie, Paw Paw, and W)-anet, and retired from the active work of the minis- try in the fall of i860, and went to Minne- sota, health seeking. He returned to the active work of the ministry in the fall of i86g, served the same conference, being ap- pointed to Shabbona Grove lor one year, and Asbury for two years. In the fall of 1 87 1, his health failing, he retired to pri- vate but not inactive life. In addition to his farm he owns some fine city ])r()perty in Mendota, Illinois, which he still calls his Western home. ^000^ TTfHOMAS CAMPBELL, treasurer of \ I j,)f Ringgold County, and a prominent ^1 and influential citizen of Mt. Ayr, is a native of Florida, born in the town of Quincy, January 19, 1845, the second of a family of six children of William and Fran- ces (Williams) Campbell, natives of Nova Scotia and Virginia respectively, and early settlers of Florida. The father left Florida at the breaking out of the late war, coming witli his familv to Ringgold County, Iowa, and located on a farm near Caledonia, and about ten miles south of Mt. Ayr, where he has since followed agricultural pursuits. Thomas Campbell, the subject of this sketch, passed his boyhood in his native State, where he received the benefit of a good common-school education. He was ;f>;>::*:*;>;>:;*:»;;c>;>:>;:*;>;;*;>:*'>;>ic*rA>:>;:<*>:»>:>^^^ >>: :*'♦: !*>! ■->>: :*;♦: :*:;♦! ;♦;>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦"♦; [♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :•<•:♦: ;♦:>: :«•>: :♦;:* :♦::♦: :•♦•:♦: :«;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; ;«::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦;>: ;♦;>; >::♦; >^* ;♦:>] >::♦! :♦:;♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: :•♦•:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦; >;:♦; :♦::«■; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:'>: :♦::♦: 'fi.'ff. :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »■;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: »::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :*;:♦; ;♦::♦:.♦;;♦: 1 :♦::'•: >::♦: :♦':«> :♦::♦: :♦:;« >::♦; :♦:;♦! :♦:;«! ^^ :♦::•! :♦:;«! :♦:>: :♦.:« :♦:>; S^i* .♦:.'»: :♦:>: ;♦>; :*:.<»: >:>: :♦;:♦: »: »: >;♦: ;♦::* >::♦: »: :♦:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦::* ;♦:;* >:>: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::« »::«» :♦::« :♦:;« :♦:>: :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::«> :♦:;* :♦:;« :♦::« :♦::«; :♦::«! :♦.:«; >::« :♦';♦; ;♦.;♦; >::«; :♦.:■•> :♦>; :♦.:«> :♦;:* :♦;:« :♦;:« :♦>: >;,♦: >;;♦: ♦* ♦.;♦; .*:*': ♦,:«! ♦.:♦: ♦::♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ".♦; ♦.♦; ♦:♦: *:m ♦ ••i ♦.♦: ff ♦: ♦ * ♦ :♦: ♦ :♦; > ♦" BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 327 tion to his farming lie has for fifteen years been engaged in the manufacture of sor- gluim molasses. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Democratic party. He is one of the jjublic-spirited citizens of Grant Township, which he has served as road supervisor and school director. -<■»* about sixteen vcars old when he came with his parents to Ringgold County, anil until reaching the age of twenty years he worked on the home farm during the summer months, and in the winters taugiit sciiool. He was married in 1867 to Miss Olive BuUington, a daughter of Josiah Bulling- ton of >farion County, Iowa. After his marriage he followed farming until he re- moved to Mt. Ayr, in March, 1886. He was nominated for the office of county treas- urer on the I^epublican ticket in the fall of 1885. and assumed the duties of that office January i, 1886. Mr. Cainpbell is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church, and of the Odd Fellows order, belonging to Mt. Ayr Lodge. No. 160. fOHN MEKRVMAN,a prosperous and enterprising agriculturist of Grant Township, living on section 30, is a native of Ohio, born March 7. 1835, his parents, William and Naoma (Thurman) Mcrryman, being natives of the same State. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, ' tling six miles south of Chariton. He was which he has inade his life work. At the j reared on a farm, and received his education age of fourteen he commenced working on in the common schools. October 24, 1861, a farm by the inonth, which he followed | he enlisted in Company C, Thirteenth Iowa till twenty years old, when he rented a Infantry, and was in several of the famous W. GARTIN, farmer, section 8, . Middle Fork Township, was born in Fulton County, Indiana, January 31, 1842. His parents were Felix and Phnebe (Moyer) Gartin, the former a native of Vir- ginia, and the latter of Clermont County, Ohio. They were married in Indiana, and had a family of eight children — Griffith, George \V., Anderson, Charles and Nancy (twins), Allen. Mary Amanda and Robert. When our subject was thirteen years of age, his parents removed to Lucas County, Iowa ; settled in Davis County for a short time, then returned to Indiana, locating in Miami County, where they resided until 1858, then returned to Lucas Count}-, set- farm, and began farming on his own ac- count, in Knox County, Illinois. He was married in the year 1854, to Miss Re- becca Moore, a daughter of George and Re- becca (Layton) .VIoore, the former a native of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Mcrryman are the parents of four children — Arzina, Em- ma, William and Eva. He lived in Knox County fifteen years, and then moved to Ringgold County, Iowa, and settled on the farm where he now lives. Mr. Mcrryman has met with success as an agriculturist, and has now a good farm containing 240 acres of well-improved land, a fine orchard, a good house and farm buildings. In addi- battles of the war. He was at Shiloh, siege of \ncksburg, Kenesaw Mountain, siege of Atlanta, and in Sherman's march to the sea, then marched to Goldsboro. North Carolina. He served as musician until the siege of Atlanta, when he shoul- dered the musket, and was mustered out as Orderlv Sergeant. He was honorably dis- charged in July, 186;, and returned to Lucas County. In the spring of 1869 he removed to Bates County, Missouri, where he lived eighteen months, then returned to Lucas County and remained until 1875, when he settled upon his present farm. i which was then in a wild state. It is now \* * > ♦ >«i »: !♦.;♦• :♦;>: >;:♦: >::♦: *:♦: »: >,:♦; :♦:♦: >;:♦: :♦:♦; »: »: >;>: >;>; :♦::♦: >-♦; :♦>: :♦:>: >::•: >::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: m. >;>; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :«::♦: >::•; :♦:>: >;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦>: :♦;>: :♦::♦: ic* :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: w.v. :♦::«: :♦::♦: >::«; >::♦; :♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦;* :♦::♦: :«::«: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >;:♦; >:•: :♦:>. >:•: :♦::♦: :*>: >::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: » :♦>. :♦,:♦, :♦.;♦. :•♦:;♦: :«::♦: :«:.♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »::♦; »:♦: :♦:■« :♦■;♦: >.'* :♦♦ '* * ;♦♦ »;♦: :*;:■« ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦;>: >:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: »:♦: »!:♦: :♦::♦: >:*■ ;♦;■♦; :♦;:♦; !♦;;* ;♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦::■»: :♦;>; uv. M*- M>: ^•* »,:♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: ;«"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦; ;♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦:[♦: ;*:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;■*>; :♦:;♦: ;♦:>: ;♦:;♦: >;:*: ♦::♦: >:;♦: ;*;;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; >"♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦:■»: :♦::♦; ■^.^ :♦::*, *:♦: :»;:♦: >:;♦; ;♦.:♦: ;♦::•»: :♦;:♦; ;*:»; .♦,>: :♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;>; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;* :«■:>; :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :»:;♦: *::♦; »,>: -'::•»: ♦.'♦: ■>;;♦: 338 BISTORT OF lilNGGOLD COUNTT. well cultivated and well improved. He has a comfortable house surrounded with maples, an orchard, barn and out-buildings for stock. He was married March 25, 1864, to Miss Marietta Threldkeld of Lu- cas County, and they have five children — Rosetta Belle, Thomas, Stephen, Frank- lin and Eugene. The father and sons play fife and drums, and they form one of the best martial bands in Southern Iowa. Mr. Gartin is a member of the Anti-Horse- Thief Association and is president of the same. Politically he is a Republican. Postoffice, Redding. F.T ALLEY, section 12, Grant To>vn- ship, was born in the State of Dela- ware, January- 25, 1841, a son of A. G. and Sarah Talle\', also natives of Dela- ware. In 1842 his parents moved to Ohio, and thence, in 1850, to Indiana, living in that State six years, and in 1856 moved to Iowa, and located in Ringgold County, where he has since lived. In 1866 he began teaching school and taught almost constantly from that time until 1883, working on the farm a little in the summer. In 1883 he was ap- pointed postmaster at Goshen, and served efficiently until January, 1886, when, on ac- count of the change in the administration, he was removed. He is now giving his at- tention to agriculture, having a good farm of 120 acres, with a pleasant residence and comfortable farm buildings. Mr. Talley married Sarah C, daughter of Benjamin and Elinor Keller, in i860. To them have been born ten children. The eldest, a son, born in September, 1861, died in infancy. Adam Clark, born April 29, 1863; Ambrose E., born May 31, 1866; Charles Day, born Jul}- 31, 1868, died February 28, 1869; Lloyd, born January 14, 1870; Cleo, born February 15, 1872, died March 7, 1872; Mar}' Maud, born September 14, 1873; Gilbert Haven, born July 8, 1876 ; Ellis Bright, born June 13, 1878, died August 26, 1878, and Nora May, born December 2, 1881. In politics Mr. Talley is a Repub- lican. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal ciiurch. N. DEWITT, a member of the firm of Dewitt Brothers, of Tingley, is ^ one of the most active and enter|)ris- ing citizens of Tingley Township. This firm is extensively engaged in breeding fine, French draught horses, besides running a liv- ery stable at Tingle}', which is well stocked with good vehicles of various kinds and fine horses. This firm has four fine stallions, as follows: Sultan, No. 1541, is a jet-black Percheron, foaled in 1879, weight. 1,950 pounds, and imported from France by John Virgin & Co., of Fairbury, Illinois, in 1882, subsequently purchased by J. Story, from whom it was bought by Dewitt Brothers in January, 1886, for $2,500. In a ring of forty stallions at the Peoria State Fair in 1882 Sultan took the first premium and sweep- stakes, and also took the first premium and sweepstakes at Peoria in 1883, in a ring of sixty stallions, and over the noted stallion, Drumpeller. Sultan was also shown at Cambridge fair in 1883 where he took the first premium in a ring of thirty over Drumpeller and several other noted horses. The second horse owned by Dewitt Broth- ers is called Honest John, a rich-bay stall- ion, four years old, and weighing 1,360 pounds, was purchased by E. N. Dewitt in the fall of 1884. No. 3, Tempest, is a dark- gray Norman, age, four years, weight, 1,600 pounds, was bred in Illinois and purchased by Oren Dewitt in 1884. Bodsie Hero is a dark-bay, English shire colt, three years old, weighing 1,500 pounds, was purchased by E. N. Dewitt in 1884. Dewitt Brothers lost a fine horse in 1885, worth $1,500. E. ♦.:♦: .->.♦;;♦: ♦;*:>:»::c»:**:«;>:>::»:»::*:>:»:»:>:»:»::c*>>'>'>;*">;*v»>:>:>:>:>:*.>:>;:c*>;>:»::»:>:*^^^^^^ >:>::*:>;>;:**:»;>::*>;:*;:*>;:«::>;:*:*;;c*;;c*::«*;i»;^ :♦:;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦; :«>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:% :♦::♦: :♦::♦; m :♦::♦; :♦:.♦: ■♦::♦: »:;♦; *^ :•::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:?»•: :♦>: :♦>: •♦::♦: :♦:•♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦; ;♦:>: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: *:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::« :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;>; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; >::♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: ■*:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; >:■♦• *>; . .'♦"♦: ♦>:>: >5*»: ■♦■;♦: ♦:'♦: ♦:♦: .♦.»: »::•: nv. >::« :«'♦: ;*::*: »>: :•::♦: »>: '♦::♦; ♦.;♦; *>: « •: ♦ :♦: ♦ :♦; .*.:♦: »::«: »>: :♦:»: :♦::« :♦::«: :♦::♦: :«:♦: ♦;:♦: ♦:♦: ♦:•• ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦) :♦..♦; ♦;♦: ♦"♦: ♦:'♦; ♦ *: ♦:'♦: ♦:♦: :♦:♦; :♦:* :♦::♦; ** :♦:'♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: *>■ ■•;>i :♦::♦; :*::«'; :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: iJ5 :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;.♦: :♦;:* ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;«: :♦:••• :♦:>: ■»"♦; >!>: :♦"♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::*: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :*:>: ■*;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: m !«'♦: :♦!:♦; :♦;*: ■*::♦: BIOGRAPHICAL HKE TCHES. 826 N. Dewitt. whose name heads this sketch, is a native of Illinois, born in Henry Coun- ty, June 23. 1856. He was reared a prac- tical farmer, and at an early age began handling stock. He lived in his native county till 18S5, when became to Ringgold County and established himself in the town of Tingley. Mr. Dewitt is not only a skilled horseman but is a most excellent judge of the qualities of a horse. ••«<>- -—3^!^ ■^i**- fOHN H. RICHARDSON, jeweler and dealer in musical instruments at Mt. ^ Ayr, is a native of Iowa, born in Mus- catine County, January 15, 1854, a son of William and Caroline (Kcycs) Richardson, both natives of the State of New York. William Richardson was among the early settlers of Ohio, from which State he came to Iowa in 1849, and married Caroline Keyes in 1853. They settled in Ringgold County, this State, in 1880, where they have since made their home. John H. Richardson was reared on the home farm in Muscatine County, where he attended the district schools until eighteen years of age. He then went to Michigan with his parents, where he attended the high school at Northport for two years, and later attended Grand Traverse College for one year, after which he returned to Iowa and began his career as a teacher. He taught five years in the common schools in the eastern part of the State, then taught in the higii school at West Liberty, Muscatine County. In 1 88 1 he was ajjpointcd an assistant in the public school at Mt. Ayr, which position he filled for two years, when he was pro- moted to the principalship of the school. He held the position of principal for three years, when he resigned, and immediately engaged in his present business. He is lo- cated on the east side of the square, in a fine brick business block, where he keeps on hand a complete stock of jewelry and silverware, musical instruments, sewing machines, etc., and in his business he is meeting with success, having by his up- right and honorable dealings, gained the confidence of all who know him. Mr. Richardson was married in 1883 to Miss Lulu Miller, of Indianola, a daughter of the late Rev. J. 11. Miller, who was a member of the Des Moines Conference at the timr of his death. Mr. and Mrs. Richardson have two children — Harry M. and Edith E. Both Mr. Richardson and his wifi are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. ^tS^tnnit>' •\««jfcjB>©i® ROBERT F. ASKREN, attorney at law, and one of the prominent citizens of Mt. Ayr, is a native of Indiana, born on a farm in Boone County, November 12, 1840. His parents, David and Mary (Craig < Askren, were natives of the State of Ohio, the father born in Adams County. They were among the early settlers of Indiana, removing from Ohio to that State in 1S32, when they settled in Boone C.♦. :♦:♦: >■»■ .* ♦. >:;♦: >'> ;♦..♦■ '♦"♦' ■♦-■ !♦.♦. ;♦ ♦: ;♦ ♦ ;♦,.♦: ;♦.♦: •♦♦; :♦:;♦: '♦;■«( ;♦.♦: ;♦ ♦: ;♦♦ :♦..♦. ;♦.:♦: :♦:♦: '♦♦, :♦♦ ;♦,♦, .♦>. ;♦;♦. ;♦:♦. ;♦.♦: :♦ '.*■ :♦',♦ :♦ ♦: >♦■ ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :« »■ :• ♦: :♦ ♦: :♦ ♦: .♦♦: :♦♦; :• *: :♦ ♦' :♦ ♦: :♦ ♦: ;♦::«:♦; *::♦; »:»: :♦:»: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: »:;♦: »:;♦: »;* :♦:»: »r« »::« »:»: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦>: :♦::« :♦>: »::« :«:♦: :♦>: :♦:»: »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: »::♦: »::« »:;♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::« :«:♦: »>: »::♦: »::♦: !«:« >::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦: > »::♦: :♦::♦: !«:♦: »::♦; ,:♦:;♦: »"♦: »>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :■»::♦: »::♦: >:;♦: :«!♦: ;♦:;♦: ^«« :♦::♦: :♦::« »;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:>: :♦;:♦: >"•♦• >:♦; ;♦:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: 330 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COVNTT. then began reading law in the office of C. H. Frew, of Paxton, and in 1869 was ad- mitted to the bar. He came to Mt. Ayr, Ringgold County, Iowa, in the spring of 1870, and opened a law office, being asso- ciated with his brother, J. C. Askren, un- der the firm name of Askren Brothers for a short time, since which he has conducted the office alone. Mr. Askren was united in marriage in 1874 to Miss Ada J. Osborn, of Mt. Ayr, and to this union have been born four children, two sons and two daughters. Mr. Askren has held the office of mayor of Mt. Ayr, was county superin- tendent of schools four years, and in the fall of 1876 was elected county auditor, serving as such one term. For the past three years he has held the office of county attorney. He is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders, and also belongs to the Grand Army of the Re- public. fOHN BLAUER, proprietor of the Evergreen Dairy Farm, and the lead- ing dairyman of Ringgold County, is a native of Canton Berne, Switzerland, born June 21, 1840. He was well educated in his native land for the profession of a teach- er, and for a time was employed in that capacity by the State. In 1861 he came to the United States, feeling that life in this great land of free men, with its broad prairies, would afford opportunities denied him in his native home. He reached New York City in March of that year, coming directly to Iowa, where he has since re- sided, first in Muscatine County, then in Louisa County. From Louisa County he removed to Keokuk County, and in 1881 came to Ringgold County. In 1862 his parents, Frederick and Anna Blauer, came to America and settled in Louisa County, Iowa, and are still living on a farm in that county, the father at the advanced age of eighty years, and the mother aged sevent}'- one years. Mr. Blauer was married in Louisa County, Iowa, August 18, 1864, to Miss Sabina Brownnawell, who was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, July 30, 1843, but since 1851 has lived in Iowa. Her father, John Brownnawell, died in 1856, and her mother, Elizabeth, is still living in Muscatine, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Blauer are the parents of five children — J. Fred- erick, born June 25, 1865 ; C. Edward, born February 21, 1867 ; S. Albert, born May i, 1869; Annie E., born April 17, 1871, and Susan S., born October 25, 1873. Mr. Blauer located on his present farm in May, 1881, which was then raw prairie. His farm is now well improved, containing 320 acres, the eastern half of section 27, Rice Township, and is well adapted to stock and dairy purposes, to which Mr. Blauer is devoting his entire attention. He has on his farm over 100 head of cattle, and twenty horses of a high grade, and turned off during the season 100 hogs. In 1883, from twelve cows, he netted on the sale of butter $450. His fine creamery butter is made at his own home under the super- vision of his wife, and has a reputation above all, that enables him to obtain the highest price. His residence is one of the best in his township, and is surrounded by evergreens and shade trees planted by his own hands Mr. Blauer landed in America entirely without means. His parents helped him at different times, giving him in all about $500, and when he came to Ringgold County he brought with him a capital of about $5,000. By his energy and good business qualities he is rapidly moving to the front rank of Southern Iowa's dairymen and stock-raisers. Mr. and Mrs. Blauer, and their four eldest children, are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Blauer was ordained an elder in the Congregational church, in Grand View, when he was twenty-four :♦;:♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: [♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '«:♦: :♦::♦: <*;:♦: .♦;:♦: !»"♦: :♦:;« ;«:;♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: W-- .*:.♦: :-»:;♦: :♦:.♦: :■»:;♦: !»::♦: :♦:% .«:;♦: .>::♦: :♦:>: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: !»;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: 5»::*; :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: »::♦: !«;♦: ;♦::♦: !«■::♦; :♦::♦: E»:»: [♦::♦: »:;♦; >"♦: :♦"♦; :«4: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: >:;♦: >:;♦: :«:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: 5»:>: »•:;♦: :-»::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: W-^ :♦;;♦: >;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■♦; ;♦"♦; :♦::♦;;♦; :♦: *::♦; (I BIOGRAPmCAL SKETCHES. ■.a\ :♦::»! :♦!>: >:>: :♦::♦; >"♦; :♦.:« >::♦! ;♦:;♦; >:♦: »: ;♦;:♦; :«;>: >:>: ;♦;:* ;♦::* >::♦: :♦::«> :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::•) :♦:>: :♦::* »; >;>; :♦;:•! >::♦: >:;♦•; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; •♦::♦; ♦ ♦: ♦>; ♦;;«i ♦::♦; ♦;:•■: ♦:* ♦::«; ♦,:♦: *>: ♦:♦; ♦.;♦: ♦>; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ >; ♦.:«; ♦.;♦; ♦ >; ♦.:♦: ♦* .♦.:♦■; ♦:♦; :♦.>; .♦.:♦; .*::«': :♦>; ;♦:>; :♦.:♦: '♦::♦: :♦::■•! :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ♦::♦; :♦•* ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦! :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :♦:■♦; ■♦'•♦: *'■ years of age. At present he is an elder in the Presbyterian churcli of Mt. Ayr. Mr. Blauer has been active in Chris- tian work since twenty-three years of age, and is at present president of the Young People's Christian Association, an organization numbering about fifty of the young of Rice Township and its imme- diate vicinity. tANlEL C. TIDRICK. an active and enterprising farmer and raiser of fine Poland-China hogs, residing in Lib- erty Township, was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, March 3, 1837, a son of Rob- ert and Mary (Karr) Tidrick, the father a native of Guernsey County, Ohio, and the mother born in the State of Pennsylvania. They were married in Guernsey County, the mother living there till her death. The father is still a resident of that county. Daniel C. was reared on the home farm in his native county, where lie attended the common schools, completing his education at the high sciiool at Hopedale, Ohio. In August, 1862, he enlisted in defense of the Union, a member ol Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Oliio Infantry, and belonged to tlie Sixth Corps, Army of the Potomac. After taking jiart in several skirmishes he was placed on detached duty, and after being in the service three years he was mustered out in Jul}", 1865, at Washington, lie was present at the trial of the parties who were implicated in the assassination o( President Lincoln. On receiving his discharge he returned to iiis native county, where he remained until 1868. Me was united in marriage in De- cember, 1864, to Miss Esther J. McCall, of Guernsey County. They have six chil- dren living — Robert C, Marv E., Allison M., Elmer M., Ralph \V. and Ettic M.. the two eldest being engaged in teaching school. In 1868 Mr. Tidrick removed with his family to Cass County, Missouri, where he resided five years, and in the fall of 1873 located in Taylor County, Iowa, on a farm five miles east of Bedford, where he engaged in general farming. In the spring of 1876 he came to Ringgold County, set- tling on his present farm on section 5, Lib- erty Township, which contains 240 acres of choice, well-improved land. He is one of the most prosperous stock-raisers of Liberty Township, and is making a spe- cialty of Poland-China hogs, and has taken as many as three prizes at one fair on one sow. He has at present fifty head of hogs on his farm, each having a pedigree and entitled to registry. He also raises cattle and horses, the latter being Norman and Clydesdale. Mr. Tidrick is a member of the Anieiican Poland-China Record Com- pany at \'inton, Iowa. Mr. Tidrick was elected township assessor in 1880 for a term of two years, and elected to the same office in 1884, which position he still holds. He and his wife are both members of the United Presbyterian church, of which he is a trustee. ^YRUS B. DAMAN, residing on sec- •jir: tion 3, Jefferson Township, was born i5^ in Ontario County, New York, Feb- ruary 22, 1817, his father, Benjamin Da- man, being a native of Connecticut, and among the earlv settlers of Ontario County. New York. Our subject passed his youtli on the home farm, where he was reared to agricultural pursuits, receiving such edu- cation as the rude log-cabin schools of that early dav afforded. He accompanied his parents to Medina County, Ohio, in 1833. He was united in marriage, October 15, 1840. to Miss Faniiie A. Dake. a daughter of John Dake. They are the parents of eight children — Eunice A., \V. Adelia, .♦..♦. :♦.♦. :♦,♦: :♦ ♦: * •> ♦ 4 .0 « > > >;♦. :♦::* >.* :♦>: >>: ;♦:♦ ;♦ .♦. ;♦;♦ :♦,,♦. > > :♦.:♦. :♦ '" :♦ ♦ ;♦♦ ;♦:♦. >♦. :♦.;♦: >::«. :♦:♦; :•:;♦: >♦ :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ >!>: :♦♦ :♦♦. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ « ;♦■» ♦ * >"♦"♦>"♦■:♦■■« •-:♦: ■/:♦; :*:♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: '♦'•♦; •-:♦: •• :♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: ■*:;♦: '■::♦: ■:♦; .*>; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: ;<■::♦: :♦::•»: >::<-: •>•:;«■; :-»::*; :♦;:•»: :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦:;♦: »:;♦: ;«:♦: :♦"* :•>::«•: *:♦: ■ ■4,; ■,♦: :*, ■■■ ■«: • ::♦: 332 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. :«■;■«: ■■!■::♦: •> ♦; :*::♦; :-::♦: ■•■»: John H., deceased; Aurelius O., Sarah E., Rosanna A., Charles B. and Francina M. Mr. Daman came to Iowa with his family in 1852, when he located in Marion County, where he followed farming till 1859. I" 1857 he came to Ringgold County, and af- ter purchasing his present farm he returned to his home in Marion Count\', settling on his farm in Jefferson Township in 1859, which was then entirely unimproved. On first locating in this county he experienced many of the hardships incident to a life in a new country. His nearest milling place was at Osceola, and he drove his hogs to market to Afton. He has met with success in his farming pursuits, and is now the owner of 215 acres of choice land, most of which he has rented out to tenants. Since becoming a resident of Jefferson Township Mr. Daman has held the office of township trustee for two 3'ears, and has been a mem- ber of the School Board several years. In his religious views he is a Disciple. ife^ILLIAM M. MARKLEY, engaged in farming and stock-raising in ■ -^^iT— J Jefferson Township, was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1848, a son of Jacob and Mary J. (Warden) Markle)', who were both natives of the State of Pennsylvania, the father being of German descent, and the mother of English parentage. William M. was reared to agri- cultural pursuits, and received his educa- tion in the common schools of his native count}'. During the war of the Rebellion he enlisted in Compan)- I, Fifty-third Penn- sylvania Infantry, and served under General Hancock. He participated in the battles of Stony Creek, Stone River, Five Fork Creek and a number of other battles and skirmishes, and April 4 and 5, 1865, helped to capture Lee's wagon train. Mr. Mark- ley went to Union County, Ohio, in the spring ol 1870, wheie he followed farming till the fall of 1876. He was married in Februar}', 1874, to Miss Annetta Mitchell, a daughter of John C. Mitchell, of Union County, Ohio, the father being a son of Judge Mitchell, a pioneer of that county. Mr. and Mrs. Markley are the parents of five children — Mar)- J., John R., Lutie M., Arthur B. and Benjamin M. Mr. Markley came to Ringgold County, Iowa, in the fall of 1876, and has since resided on his present farm on section 23, Jefferson Township, where he has 169 acres of well-cultivated land. Mr. Markley is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. OBERT C. HENRY, senior member , ,^ of the law firm of Henry & Spence, ^■St(^ was born near Cadiz, in Harrison Count)', Ohio, December 14, 1841, a son of Robert and Susan (Chaney) Henry, who were natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio re- spectively. They were the parents of thirteen children — seven sons and six daughters. Robert C. Henry was taken by his parents to the Territory of Iowa in 1844, they locating in Lee County. He grew to manhood on the home farm, and received his education in the schools of his district and Denmark Academy. He re- mained at home till twenty-four years of age, except while in the army, when he was married August 10, 1866, to Miss Jane F., eldest daughter of John Hart, of Lee County, and to them have been born six children. Mr. Henry entered the law de- partment of the university at Iowa City, wliere he took a full course, graduating in the class of 1869. He began the practice of law at Keosauqua, Iowa, where he re- mained till 1870, coming thence to Mt. Ayr, where he resumed his practice, form- ing a partnership with George W. Ball, which lasted but ninety days, when Mr. Ball went to Iowa City. Mr. Henry was :♦:;■♦•:♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: v.v. :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: [♦:* :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >!:♦' >:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: >:■»; :♦!:♦: :♦:;♦■: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«:<»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»; :■*■.♦: :♦;♦; ;♦;;♦; ;«•;♦: :♦;:♦: >:;* :«:♦: :♦.>■ ;♦:;♦ >;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;♦: :♦>: ;♦.♦ :♦;;♦. :** :♦::*; >;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦:;•»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:>; »■;:♦; :♦:.*: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;•»; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::»: ■-.~ '♦ ;«■.♦' >« ;♦::♦: :♦.♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦♦■ ♦: :♦; :♦; :♦: .♦; .♦; :♦; ;♦: ;♦: .♦:;• :♦' :♦>: > ■ >,♦:>:>::•:♦::♦':♦:>.:«;♦,♦>..♦:♦.♦..♦..♦.•».♦.♦,♦..♦..♦..♦..♦.♦.:♦.*.♦:.♦..♦..♦..♦..♦• BIOGRAPHICAL. SKETCHES. 3*1 *::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: ♦ ♦ ;♦:.♦. »::« »:♦: *;♦• ■♦;;•: »'♦: ■- '♦; ♦ ♦: ■»:♦: ■«■ • ♦: »:>: ■♦'♦• ♦ ♦ then associated with W. T. Laughlin for a time, after which he carried on the office alone until the fall of 1878. lie was then elected judge of the Third District, com- prising the counties ol Clarke, Decatur, Ringgold, Union, Adams, Taylor, Page and Montgoiner\-,and in that capacity occupied the bench four years. Me then resumed the practice of his profession at Mt. Ayr, when he formed a partncrshi)) with R H. Spencc, thus forming the present law firm ol Henry & Spence, which carries on a general law business and practices in all the courts. Mr. Henry is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. lOBERT BRVARLY WILLIAMS, senior member of the firm of Will- '"^'^ iams & 1 edford, editors and proprie- tors of The Ringgold County Ri-publican, is a son of John T. and Jane (Bryarly) Will- iams, natives of Maryland and Pennsylva- nia respectively. They were reared and married in the Keystone State, where they lived until 1856. In that year they came to Iowa, and located in Ringgold County. They lived on a farm in Jefferson Town- shij) until 1861, when the family removed to -Mt. Ayr. John T. Williams was for many years one of Ringgold's most prom- inent citizens. He held the offices succes- sively of recorder and treasurer (before those offices were separated), treasurer, and county judge. In 1875 ^c was em- ployed as manager of the grange store, just starting at Mt. Ayr, and he was in charge of this at the time of his death, in 1 88 1. Mrs. Williams is yet living. Of their nine children, all are living in and near Ringgold County. The subject of this biographical notice was born June 21, 1856, in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, and was but an infant when the family came to this State and county. When of suitable age he entered the public school at Mt. Ayr, where he received a good English education. Commencing with 1875, for two years he taught scho(il, first in the country and then in the village ol Mt. Ayr. Then for one year lie was deputy post- master, after whicli he was ap]iointed post- master. He held this office for two years, resigning to take charge of the store at his father's death. He sold out in 1884, was unemployed for one year, and in 1885 started the Republican, in partnership with Frank Wisdom. The latter's interest is now owned by Rev. J. H. Tedford. The Republican has a good following in Ring- gold County, and reflects credit upon its owners. Mr. Williams is personally a clever, popular young man, well fitted for his position. Mr. Williams was married February 20, 1879, ^^ ^^^- Ayr, to Miss Mary J. Willey, daughter of Dr. A. J. Willc)-. They have a son, Harold, born January 31, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Williams are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. ICHARD SHAWLER. a prominent and successful agriculturist of Grant Townshi]), living on section 31, where he is engaged in farming and stock-raising, is a native of Kentucky, born March 25, 1839, his parents, James B. and Martha (Ray) Shawler, being natives of the same State. He was reared to the vocation of a farmer, remaining on the home farin till attaining the age ot twenty-one years. He then began working for himself, beginning life as a farm hand. He worked for the farmers by the month until he had saved enough to purchase a team, when he rented land which he farmed till 1869. For his wife he married Miss Elizabeth Sailing, January 27, 1861, who was born in Ken- tucky, April 11,1839, a daughter of Thomas and Catherine (Jones) Sailing. They are :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :<■♦' :♦ ♦ !♦'♦ » '<•'•■ ♦ ♦ '♦■♦ '♦"♦' .♦'"< .•»' * ■♦». :;*;>::*::cccc*;:c*;*;:*>;:*:*>::*;:*:'»::c«;c»::*:*z* 334 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. ■»■». •(•;;«■: ;♦ «; >::'-•; :*:>: ;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:■»: •»;*; ;<>:;<>; ■•>::«; •t;:«: ♦':♦: •""♦: *::♦: *;:•♦: ;*::♦; :<>::♦: :«:*; :*:;♦: ■■.>■♦: :«::*: :♦:>; :♦::»; '*:•■'. :*;:♦: .*::*: :•♦:;♦: ;■»::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::*: :<>::♦: :«::♦: .*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦:•»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: m. :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :<♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: ■••"♦; :♦::♦: ■«•:■»: ♦'!♦; :*::*: :<•;:♦; :♦:•♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦:•♦: :♦;:♦' :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: >::♦; :♦:>; ;«"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;♦; ;♦:>: :♦::«•: >:♦: >:,*:>! the parents of four children — Belle, born December 13, 1861 ; Ida, born May 14, 1863; Viola, born October 21, 1866, and Estella, born September 13, 1872. Mr. Shawler came to Iowa in October, 1869, when he located in Union County, remaining there six years, and in 1875 came to Grant Town- ship, Ringgold County, when he located on his present farm, and by his industry and good management has accumulated a fine property, his farm containing 240 acres of well-cultivated land. Mr. Shawler in his religious faith is a Baptist. In politics he is an Anti-monoply Republican. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belong- ing to the lodge at Clearfield. He is an ex-justice of the peace, having served in that office for eight years in the township in which he lives. -•»=- -^^%^- ■<«* jliNJAMIN F. DAY, one of the early iiii settlers of Rinijeold County, and an ^^ active and enterprismg farmer and stock-raiser of Liberty Township, is a na- tive of Ross -County, Ohio, born near Chil- Hcothe, July i, 1831. His parents were both natives of the State of Virginia, the father, Hedgman Day, born in Pendleton County, March 18, iSoi, and going to Ohio in 1804, and the motiicr born in Rocking- ham County, December 2, 1800. Their wedded life was spent in Ross County, Ohio, wliere they reared a family to hon- orable and respectable status in life, and gained the respect of theentire community. Both parents died in Ross County. Of the eight children born to them seven grew to maturity, six of whom are yet living. Ben- jamin F. Day, the subject of this sketch, lemained on the farm in Ohio till attaining the age of twenty-one years. His youth was passed in attending the district schools during the winter terms, his summers be- ing employed in assisting with the work of the farm. In October, 1852, he came to Iowa, and the two years following worked on a farm in Louisa County, and in the fall of 1854 he went to Madison County, remaining there till the year 1855. He was united in marriage March 6, 1855, to Miss Margaret Williamson, a native of Ohio, be- ing brought by her parents to Cedar County, Iowa, in 1836. At the time of her marriage she was living in Muscatine. In the fall of 1855 Mr. Day brought his wife to Ringgold County, Iowa, and for two summers followed farming on what is now section 3, Foe Township, when he paid a visit to his native State. Returning to Ringgold County, he settled on section i, Liberty Township, his present home. In 1862 he enlisted in defense of the Union in Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and took part with his regiment in the en- gagements at Helena, Little Rock, Little Missouri, Prairie de Ann, and others. He was mustered out in June, 1865, at Little Rock, Arkansas, after being in the service of his country nearly three years. He then returned to his farm in Liberty Township, where he followed agricultural pursuits until 1875, his first wife dying on the farm in Februar)', 1870. She left at her death three children — John H., Martha J. and Margaret E. Mr. Day was again married December 13, 1870, to Mrs. Mary A. Bear, of Mt. Ayr, widow of Adam Bear, who was wounded in the late war April 19, 1864, and died from the effects of his wound, June 19 following. In the fall of 1874 Mr. Day removed his family to Mt. Ayr, he having been elected by the Re- publican party to fill the office of county recorder, assuming the duties of that office January i, 1875. He served in that capac- ity two years, when he again engaged in farming and stock-raising on his farm in Liberty Township, where he has since re- sided. Mr. Day has filled all the township offices except that of justice of the peace. :>;>>>:>;>::♦::€:♦::♦;:♦::♦;:♦;;♦;:♦:>::*;♦::♦::♦>;■♦;:♦;;•;:♦::♦;!♦;>:■:<. ■;-''»;:»':*;:'>.>;»;*i*;*.*.****>"*"*-*"*-' :»::«*: :♦;:♦; :'»::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦■: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::•»! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:<»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: m. »:.*: :♦"«: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; '♦:'♦; *">: .*::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :«■» :*:'<•: :♦;:♦: ;■♦::•: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦: ■♦:» :♦;;♦; :<•"♦: :♦;.*; :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦'■»; >:■'»•: :♦::«: :♦:<• :♦:;<-; >;s :♦;:*; :♦:;♦: :♦:♦' :♦;:♦: !♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::•»: >■>' '*':<'. :♦.;♦; :♦'.»: >::♦: :*:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>; :♦;:♦; ;*;♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :<•:>: :«:':•; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; »:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦•: :♦:>; :♦::♦; '♦:>: ;«:>; ;♦:.♦; "♦;:♦;:♦;*; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. oiio :♦.♦: :♦.♦: '♦"♦' :♦::♦. >"♦■ ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦. »: :♦.:♦: :♦:♦: ■♦♦: *:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦ :♦::♦: *.♦. ». :♦:;♦ *:♦ ;♦:* •♦•«■ :♦>. :♦.:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:•: :♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;* :♦::♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦■■♦■ and in all his official positions he has al- ways given entire satisfaction to his con- stituents, lie takes much interest in the cause ot education, having at one time been a successful teacher himself. He has taught in Ringgold County thirty-seven terms, ami one term in Taylor County, Iowa. Mr. Day is a member of Mt. Ayr Lodge, No. 169, A. F. & A. M., and also belongs to the Odd Fellows order. •\tAe£;®^© L. ARNETT, farmer, section 10, Middle Fork Township, was born v-^^^'' August 17, 1835, in Des Moines County, Iowa, son of Henry Arnett now of Mt. Ayr. He was the second of a fam- il)- of nine children. When three years of age his father removed to Calhoun County, Illinois, where W. L. remained until he was twenty years old. He was reared on a farm and obtained his education in the common schools of his day. In June, 1S55, the Arnett family came to Ring- gold County and settled on section 15, Middle Fork Township. Mr. Arnett re- sided here until April 10, 1856, when here- turned to Calhoun County. He was mar- ried April 12, 1857, to Miss Mary M. De Long, born in Jersey County, Illinois, daughter of Luther B. and Mary Ann Dc Long. September 10, 1863, he returned to Ringgold County'. February 23, 1863, he enlisted in Company M, Third Iowa Cav- alry, and was in severAl of the most noted battles of the war. He was honorably dis- charged August 19, 1865, at Atlanta, Geor- gia, and arrived home August 24, 1865. He settled upon his present farm June 20, 1868. At that time it consisted of 160 acres of wild land, lie has since added to the original purchase until his farm consists of 28oacres of as good land as the township af- iords. It is well cultivated and well im- provetl. He has a good story-and-a-half house, an orchard of four acres, native groves, barn, 40 x 40 feel, and is engaged in general farming, stock-raising and feeding. Mr. and Mrs. Arnett have five children — Olive, William E., Mary Alice, Henry Lu- ther, and Findley B. Luna died at the age of ten months. Mr. Arnett has since served creditably as township clerk and member of the School Board. He is a worthy and consistent member of the Methodist Epis- copal church, and always takes an active interest in any enterprise that tends to the advancement of education or religion, and is always a liberal contributor to any worthy object. B}- fair and honorable dealing he has secured the confidence of all who know him. In politics he is a Re- publican. Postoffice, Ingart. -J -i>t>i^^<5*?- H (LBERT F. HATHAWAY, a leading farmer of Tingley Township, is a na- tive of Cattaraugus County, New York, born January 30, 1837, a son of David and Sarah (Hull) Hathaway, his father a native of Massachusetts, and his mother of Connecticut. His father was a farmer in New York State, and also a lumberman in the Allegheny pineries. Albert is the fifth of ten children, seven of whom are living. In 1841 the parents moved to Iowa, landing in Burlington July 4. They settled on a farm in Henry County, near Mt. Pleasant, where they made a home, and lived there about thirty years, and again moved to Canaan Township, near Winfield, aiid there lived until the death of the father, in May, 1 88 1. The mother is now living in Winfield, Iowa. Albert F. was married to Semantha Smith, January i, 1861. In June, 1862, he started to the Rocky Mountains, and returned to Afton, Union County, No- vember 2. In the spring of 18C3 his wife died, leaving one daughter, Semantha. He was married again December 17, 1863, to .♦.♦. :♦'«•: .» ♦ ♦ .♦; .♦> :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦•;♦ :♦:♦■ :♦.;♦: :♦ ♦. :♦♦' >.♦; :*■ ♦' ■♦♦' :v> :^;>::♦;:♦::♦;;♦"«;:♦>::c♦>/♦"*:c♦"♦..*:♦::♦"♦>r♦:»>:•:;*■; >:>; '♦:>: :♦::♦; >:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; >;:♦; :♦::♦; *:♦: *■♦: :*::♦; .♦:>: >■>: *:«; >>; ;♦::♦: >:;♦; :♦:>; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦;*: :«•>; :•♦:;♦: >:>? >'.>! :•»>: >:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; ;♦;;»; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >;♦; :♦;>; :*::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦:>•; ;♦:;♦; :♦::«; ;*:♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :■♦:>; :*♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦; :♦;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;* :♦:;♦; :♦;;* ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:•« :•»;;♦: :■>;:♦; :♦:;♦; '*::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: .*::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::•« :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«■:♦; Mary E. Hester, a native of Indiana, who came with her parents to Iowa when a little girl. Albert F. Hathaway and family moved to the southwest quarter of section 3, Tingley Township, Ringgokl County, and in the fall of 1870 to the place where they are now living. He has been success- ful, and now owns 320 acres of improved land. Mr. and Mrs. Hathaway have ten children — Holis B., born in 1865; Aurillia E., Arden E., Albert E., Marj' E., Sarah E., Wilbur F., Ida M., Helen S. and Lydia. In politics Mr. Hathawa}' is a Greenbacker, and was the only man in Tingley Town- ship that voted the Anti-monopoly ticket at the Peter Cooper run for President. >-^t^*«-^»^S"tf5«f-»"^5€ fHARLES L. SHATTUCK, station agent for the Chicago, Burlington & ^ Quincy Railroad at Mt. Ayr, is a na- tive of the State of New York, born in Cortland County, April 28, 1824, his par- ents, David P. and Asenath (Phelps) Shat- tuck, being natives of Connecticut and New York respectively. They were the parents of thirteen children, five sons and eight daughters, our subject being the »: :»■>: :« <• > >■ ;♦:>: >>; :*.♦: ;♦♦■ :♦;>: > V :♦::♦: >■>! :< ♦ :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;* :♦: :♦>: ;■»:*: ;♦.:♦: :♦:♦•: :♦;♦; :♦:♦' >::♦' ;♦:>: ;♦'* ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦;:♦; >::*! :*:♦: .♦!>; >"!^; >:>■ >::♦: >::*: >,*; :■• ■*■ ;* :•;■: >■>: >:;*: ;♦:♦: *'' >:* '■> ♦: ;<:♦; :♦:;♦: >;♦: :♦;:♦; :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:•»; ;♦::*: :♦;»: ;♦.;♦ ;♦.;♦: :♦;♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: >;♦: ;♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >:v :♦::«■ :♦:;♦: :♦:♦' :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >"-■■ .♦' ♦ ::♦>;»;:•■■ >-fc*..t_0_*_OZA.tjtA^J_*J»J»-A.*J».tAAAK*.A.*J».-^.*^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. '. T. -♦. .• . .♦, .T .•. .♦. .^ '. .♦, .♦._ ♦. ,♦. .♦«♦. .♦. ,♦, ♦. * M^ 337 .♦..♦; »;;♦: :♦;;<•• :♦;.♦; :♦:>: ;«>: ;♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦:♦: :*:«5 ;♦::♦: »:♦: :«:♦: :♦;.♦: :♦;.♦: :••::♦: :♦:« »>: :♦::<»: *:♦: ♦:♦; >:!•: :♦>; :♦:.♦: :♦:>: ■*■;♦; 'fi.'ff. :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::'»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: <»:;«': :♦;.♦: ♦!♦: ••::♦: :♦:•»; :♦:;♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ••;.♦: *, ♦J :♦:.♦: sixth child. He was reared on the home farm, his lather followinj^ the avocation of a farmer, and his education was obtained in the district schools and at tlie Cary Collegiate Institute. He remained with his |)arents till reaching the age of twenty- three years, when he commenced farming on his own account. He was married December 23, 1847. ^^ Miss Rhayader- gowy Winslow, a native of Monroe Count}', New York, where her lather, Jacob Winslow. is still living. They have had two sons, of whom only one is living- Jacob, now in Chicago, Illinois, who has been an engineer for eighteen years. Cliarles L. was killed in a railroad acci- dent near Lucds, Iowa, in November, 1884. Mr. Shattuck followed farming until 1861, when he entered the employ of the New York Central Railroad Company as a sta- tion agent, remaining with that company until the winter of i876-'7, since which he has been in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Compan3^ and is at present acting as ticket and freight agent at Mt. Ayr. Mr. Shattuck is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to a lodge in New York State. -i -i>;.>i^>0jtj>.f>:!K!>:f''fi:Kf>:i:**.r :♦::♦: HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. .-..♦. ;♦;;♦; W. :•»::♦: >:% :♦>: :♦>: :♦!:♦: »: »::♦: »: :♦>; :«»: >::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; >:♦: :♦::♦; ■♦■>; :«;;* >; .■■:;«• :♦::♦; :«;;♦: >':* :*::♦" >■> ;♦:♦: >::♦; ^;♦: >: ■■>: .>,;♦. ■■>] >::♦: .■> :♦; ■••>: • + :♦::♦: ~ ♦ :♦:'->: :♦:♦■ making a specialty of thorough-bred and graded horses and cattle. Mr. Hunter was married in this county February 26, 1884, to Miss Ida C. Dutcher, who was born near Charles City, Iowa, October 3, 1858, a daughter of Newman Dutcher, of Charles City. They are the parents of one daugh- ter — Mary Fern, born March 14, 1885. Mr. Hunter has never sought official positions, devoting all his time to his farm, which con- tains 125 acres of choice land, besides which he owns an interest in the old homestead on section 6. He is a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal church, and Mrs. Hunter belongs to the Christian denomination. 1 AMUEL ENGLAND, an active farm- er and stock-raiser, living in Tingley Township, was born in Cass County, Michigan, May 13, 1S33, a son of Thomas and Varlinder (Harrison) England, the father a native of Maryland and a farmer by occupation, and the mother born in Clarke County, Ohio. The parents settled in the State of Michigan in 1828, where the mother died. After the death of his mother our subject was taken by his father to Louisa County, Iowa, the father dying in that county in 1844, leaving Samuel an or- phan at the age of eleven years. He then lived with his guardian. Judge Springer, of Louisa County, till sixteen years of age, when he began life on his own account, his only capital being a pair of willing hands and a determination to succeed. He was variously employed till reaching maturity. He was married in his twenty-third year to Miss Drusilla Butler, a daughter of Jacob Butler of Jefferson County, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. England have seven chil- dren—Joseph, T. W., William S., Jacob M., Emma A., Letta M. and Nellie E. Af- ter his marriage Mr. England settled on a farm in Jefferson County, containing 160 acres which he converted from a wild tract to a well-cultivated farm, living on it till he came to Ringgold County in May, 1868. He then settled on section 29, Ting- ley Township where he has since made his home, his farm containing 320 acres of well-improved land, besides which he owns forty acres in Washington Township, all of which has been acquired by his persever- ing industry and good management. Since coming to this count}' he has traded in real estate, buying and selling some 1,800 acres of land in the county. He devotes con- siderable attention to raising stock of a high grade, having on his farm at present 140 head of cattle, part of which are thor- ough-bred, 100 head of Poland-China hogs, besides a good stock of horses. Mr. Eng- land in politics is a Republican, and has taken quite an active part in the politics of his count}'. He was elected a member of the Board of County Supervisors in 1876, which position he filled acceptably for three years. .^jjEV. PHILLIP JACKSON, residing on section 6, Benton Township, is a native of Guernsey County, Ohio, born July 20, 1840, son of Elijah and Selida Jackson. He was reared on a farm and obtained his education in the district schools of his native State. At the break- ing out of the civil war he was one of the first to go forth in defense of union and liberty, enlisting in Company K, Thirtieth Ohio Infantry. He was in the second en- eaeement at Bull Run, and at South Mount- ain, September 14, 1862, where he lost his right arm from a ball, an ounce in weight, which he still carries near his armpit as a memento of what he gave to his country. He was honorably discharged in Novem- ber, 1862, and returned to Caldwell, Noble County, Ohio. He was married Septem- ber 23, 1865, to Miss Rachel Wiley, 'i:K:if:)i:^f.v:r :♦:;»:>: ;♦::<.*. *i^ :*.:♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦> :«;:« :♦;:« >::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: >;:♦: •*;:♦: :«:♦: ;♦:>: >::♦; :♦:>: :*:>: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :»"«: :♦!:♦: :♦"♦! :'«>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>; >;;♦; :♦;>: ;♦:>: :♦::«: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :«■>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :•♦;•»: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;■»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:•♦; >"♦: :* :*. :**>■ :♦. :«. :*;.•♦•■ ;♦.:♦. ;»;>; :♦»: ;♦?>■ ■,•■• ^' :•♦.>. ;♦::♦: :*;♦: :♦::*; BIOGRAPHICAL SKBTCUES. ,♦♦: ;♦:♦: >•: ♦ * ;♦. ♦; >:♦: 'ft*'. ;♦.»; :♦ ♦: !♦:♦; !♦:«' >:.♦' :♦:♦: :♦;♦; !♦!,♦: :♦! ♦! :♦>■ >. ♦: :♦:,♦: :♦'♦: ;♦'♦: .♦:.♦: :♦:♦: »: !♦'. ♦: :♦>: :♦:.♦; !♦'♦: :♦"•: ;♦;'♦: >■>; >:♦; •»;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ■».♦; !♦.♦; :♦;♦; >;>; ;♦;♦; :♦:♦; :♦:♦: * ♦: >:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: >;♦! '♦:♦; :♦:♦: :♦:♦: >;♦; !«:♦: •!♦: :♦!♦: !♦'♦; ♦» .♦>; »; '♦:♦; ;♦:.♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: >■>: ♦>; ;♦;♦ :♦: *'. :♦>: :♦"♦: :♦:♦: >;■< ;♦.♦: ,♦:♦; !♦"♦! :♦.*: !♦.;♦: >"♦! '4 ► d;ui<;htcr of Uavid and Martha Wiley, of Noble County. Mr. Jackson resided in Noble County until 1878, when he removed to Washinjjton County and rctnainetl until 1SS5 ; then came to Rniggold Count}', and located on his present farm in Benton Townsiiip the following spring. His farm contains eighty acres of as good land as can be found in the township. It is well cultivated and well improved. He has a good residence, surrounded with native shade trees, out-buildings for stock, a fine orchard of ninety trees, and an abundance of small fruits. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson have three children — William M., a qualified teacher, David Fa}' and Roxy Ann. Mr. Jackson united with the Methodist Episco- pal church in 1870, and was licensed to preach in 1875. He has been an active worker in the cause of his Master, and a strong advocate of temperance. Politically he is a RepubHcan. Postoffice, Clearfield, Taylor County. «*«- -<:«* MIOMAS SHERILL, section 4. Rice Township, is one of the oldest pio- neers of Ringgold County, locating on section 8 of Rice Township May 31, 1855. At that time Indians were the prin- cipal inhabitants, and deer and wolves roamed at will over the prairie. Mr. Sherill is a native of Hendricks County, Indiana, born near Indianapolis, and reared on a farm in Putnam County, Indiana. His parents, James and Nancy Sherill, were natives of Tennessee and Virginia respectively, and were married in Indiana. Both are now deceased. They were the parents of five children — Thomas, our sub- ject, the eldest ciiild ; William, now living in Jefferson Township, Ringgold County ; Mrs. Rebecca Haines, living in Fremont County, Iowa ; and David W. and William, residents of Indiana. Thomas Sherill was married in Putnam County, Indiana, Feb- ruary 12, 1855, to Miss Eliza Siple, who was born in Virginia, in 1833, but was brought by her father, Conrad Siple, to Putnam County, where t>hc grew to woman- [ hood. Of the ten children born to Mr. and Mrs. Shcrili, all but one arc yet living — I Samuel W., Mrs. Mary Homer, a widow: Mrs. Ida Homer, William, Jessie, Oile\. Emma, Lawrence, and Katie. John, their fourth child died at the age of twelve years.' Mr. Sherill had but a team and two cows when he came to Iowa, and the first few years of his residence here he had a hard struggle to obtain the necessities of life, but by persevering industry and econ- omy, combined with good business man- agement, he soon became possessed of ample means, becoming a wealthy citizen. He has been one of the county's most act- ive citizens, and few men have had a more active part in its development. For many years he led an active business life, and was quite extensively engaged in buying and shipping stock. He located on his present farm in 1859, where he has 320 acres, all but ten acres improved by him- self. In politics he was formerly a Whig, but is now identified with the Greenback party. Mr. and Mrs. Sherill are members of the Baptist church. Mr. Sherill is a member of Mt. Ayr Lodge, I. O. O F. fO. MILLER, postmaster and proprie- tor of Miller's Store, was born in * Cumberland County, Pennsylvanii. October 14, 1S51. His parents. Thomas C. and Martha (McCullough) Miller, reared four children — Laura, J. O., Anna and Maggie Etta. When he was three years of age his parents removed to Carthage, Hancock County. Illinois, where he was reared, and obtained his education at the district school and at Carthage graded ♦ » ♦ » ♦ * ♦. ♦: >♦ ♦ ■»■ '■ > ■■ * 1 ■' ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦ » » ♦ ♦ 340 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTr. school. He was married December 26, 1872, to Miss Josephine Spangler, of Hancock County, daughter of William and Emily Spangler, and they have six children — William H., Martha, Mary, Eva, Maggie, Fred and an infant unnamed. Mr. Miller came to Ringgold County in the spring of 1873, and located on section 9, Monroe Township. He has 160 acres of land, which he has cultivated and improved, a comfortable residence, barn, orchard, out- buildings for stock, and everything about the place shows the industry and thrift of its owner. In the spring of 1886 he pur- chased the store building, goods and resi- dence where he now lives, of George W. Bradford. He carries a good assortment of general merchandise, and keeps in stock everything usually kept in a countr\' store. He was appointed postmaster July 8, 1886. He served as township trustee five years; is a member of the Presbyterian organiza- ti(Mi at High Point, and politically is a Re- publican. Although a young man, he has gained a social and financial position among the leading citizens of his township. ■•::♦; .Sk. ^?^ /M^ORGE W. JOHNSON, farmer and }f^! Stock-raiser, living on section 2, Jef- ^»l ferson Township, is a native of In- diana, born in Madison County, February 3, 1842, ills father, Lewis Johnson, being a na- tive of Highland County, Ohio, and among the early settlers of Madison County, In- diana. George W. Johnson was reared on a farm, and educated in the schools of War- ren Countv, Iowa, to which county his parents had moved in 1847. He was united in marriage November 29, i860, to Miss Eliza J. Mahan, a daughter of Herran Mahan. They are the parents of two children — Eugene J. and Minerva. Eugene married Frances Case and has three chil- dren — Roy, Edis and Early. They live in Taylor, Texas. Minerva married Frank Loomis, of Jefferson Township, Ringgold County, and has one daughter — Minerva V. Mr. Johnson was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, enlisting in Company B, Fourth Iowa Infantry. He served his countr}^ about one year, and participated in the battles of Goldsboro, Columbia and others of minor importance. He has been a resident of Ringgold County since Au- gust, 1865, when he settled on his present farm in Jefferson Township, which con- tains eigiity acres of valuable land. Mr. Johnson is a member of the Odd Fellows order, and is one of the respected citizens of his township. W. CROUCH, postmaster at Red- ding, was born in Todd County, Kentucky, August 23, 1828. His parents were James and Rachel D. (Patter- son) Crouch, the former a native of Vir- ginia, and the latter of Tennessee. They were married in Kenlucky, and had a fam- ily of six children, three of whom lived to be grown — William F., J. W. and Charles N. When he was four months old his parents removed to Edgar County, Illinois, where they resided four years, then re- moved to Shelby County, where they lived until 1846, when the}- moved to Iowa. Our subject was reared on a farm, and received his education in the common schools and at Danville, Illinois. When the family came to this State they first settled in Davis County, four miles west of Drake- ville. Mr. Crouch was married December 27, 1849, to Miss M. E. Ralston, of Davis County, and daughter of John and Mary (Trullinger) Ralston. He was engaged in farming in Davis County until 1866, when he came to Ringgold County, and settled in Middle Fork Township, section 21, where he improved 120 acres. In 1876 he V.'ff. . ♦«♦ :♦:'♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: W< :«;:< »: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: >"♦: >::♦: >]>; :♦:>: >:*: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: ;«;:♦: I*.:*: :♦:;♦: >;;♦; :«:>: :♦::♦: :♦::■•; >::o: >"*: :♦.:♦: :♦.;♦; 'AW. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;-»::♦: '>::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:>; :♦;♦; :♦:;•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :<•>: ;*:>: !<>:>. :♦:>: :-^;>: :♦:♦: >■■>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: V. ■.>■ .■v>"*r*:>:*'>:»>-*:»>>:'*::«'>>:>>::»:>::*xcc*:>:>;>:>::cccc*;:^^^^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 341 > f * ♦ > ♦ <■ * ♦ ♦; :♦:♦ .♦ *; >.♦: >-•: ;♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦ ♦. :♦♦ >:♦: :♦* ;♦.,♦: >"♦: :♦♦: ♦ * V * > ♦. * ♦ * ♦ sold his farm and removed to Old Red- ding, whore he cnarasrcd in the mercantile business with C. S. Pugsley, for fourteen months. He then sold his interest and went to clerking. He was appointed i)Ostmast(.r at Redding in 1S79, and re-appointed in 1S8;. He erected the first building in Redding. Mrs. Croucli died April i, 1875, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania. July 2. 1834, her |)arents, Tiiomas and Molly (Yar- ger) Beightol, having been born in the same State. Her father is still living in Penn- sylvania. Her mother is deceased, her death taking place in 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston arc the parents of nine children, all but the eldest daughter living at home, leaving seven children— Mary Jane, Eliza- | Their names, given in order of their birth, are — Mary Ella, wife of Eliphaz Goodell, living near Mr. Johnston's ; Ada May, en- gaged in teaching, which she has followed seven terms, boarding at home ; Cyrus D., Joshua B., Ellis I., Phineas F., Edith C, Charles W. and Scth T. The year follow- ing his marriage Mr. Johnston removed to Mercer County, Illinois, and from there moved to Lee County, in the spring of bcth P., John M., Delilah J., James W. and Laura E. March 15, 1883, Mr. Crouch was married to Miss ^L^rtha E. TruUinger, daughter of Gabriel and Elizabeth (Moss) TruUinger. and to this union have been born two children — Ida Louisa and Charles Claude. Politically Mr. Crouch is a Dem- ocrat. As a postmaster he is courteous and accommodating, anfl has made many friends. ^^OHN \V. JOHNSTON, one of Union 1866, where he remained till coming to Ringgold County, in 1870. Mr. Johnston was reared to agriculture, which he has Township's leading agriculturists, re- | always followed, and owing to his industry ^rrf siding on section 18, has been a resi dent of Ringgold County since the spring of 1870, living on rented land in Monroe Township the first two years after coming here. He had visited Ringgold County in the fall of 1869, when he purchased eighty acres of land, a part of his present farm. While living in Monroe Township he also improved his land on section 18, Union Township, breaking twenty-five acres the first year, and the same amount the second year. In 1872 he removed to his (arm in I'nion Township, and that year cultivated fifty acres without any assistance. Mr. Johnston is a native of Venango County, Pennsylvania, born February 9, 1834, his l)arcnts, Anthonj- Y. and Polly (Elderkin) Johnston, being natives of Pennsylvania and Vermont respectively. Both of his parents are deceased, the father's death oc- curring in 1855, and the mother dying in the year 1880. Mr. Johnston was married in his native county, October 14, 1858, to Miss Lovina L. Beighlol. who was born in and good management he has been very prosperous through life. He brought with him to Ringgold County a small capital, having about $600 left after paying for his first eighty acres. His home farm now contains 360 acres of choice land, all under improvement, besides which he owns an eight)^-acre farn. in Liberty Township. Both Mr. and Mrs. Johnston are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Johnston is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity. In school matters he has always taken a deep interest, and in all enterprises for the public welfare or the advancement of his township he is one of the most active workers. « : 3 'OQO> c I . > lEV. J. 11. TEDFORDof Mt. Ayr is the son o( H. H. and Margaret (Mc- Clurg) Tedford, natives of Tennessee. They removed to Indiana in 1830. Mr. Tedford, the father, was a farmer by occu- pation, and died in 1875. ^^'^ wife died in :♦:♦! ;♦,.♦. :♦> :♦ • >'♦, > » > ♦ >>. ;♦.♦ > <•: > .1- >.♦: :♦.♦•: > * !< ■ > ♦ '.* •■ ;«■<■ :♦'» :♦.♦ > ♦ ;♦> > *, > ■> >. • > ♦ ;♦.♦ .♦ «. ;♦♦' :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦' > *! ;♦ ♦: > *: :♦.♦: :♦':♦' .♦♦ :♦'♦: :♦■;♦: '• ♦' 4 « :♦"*'♦: :♦::♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦>: »::♦: »::♦: :«'•■: :♦::« §►■* .«:♦: ;♦::«■ :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: 'Hr.'"'. *:.*; :♦;»: :♦::«: •*;♦: ?^^ :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ■♦;♦; :♦;:♦!:♦: J::oi«*1»#^^^^ ♦♦*♦.♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦-♦•■♦** 343 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD CO U NTT. 1833. Of his seven children two are liv- ing; and of these the eldest, the subject of this notice, was born in Putnam County, Indiana, March 4, 1833. At the age of seventeen he entered Hanover College at Hanover, Indiana, where he was gradu- ated in 1856, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then studied three years in the United Presbyterian Theological Sem- inary at Xenia, Ohio. He then entered upon the work of the ministry, which he has followed ever since, comini^- to Iowa in 1879. In July, 1886, he became associ- ated with R. B. Williams in the ownership and publication of the Ringgold County Re- publican. He was married in June, 1862, to Elizabeth Rowan. They have two children. ;♦.:», :■*;;♦: :♦::♦; ■»;♦; ■»;:♦; :♦::♦; :«•:;♦; :♦::•»; ;♦:■>: •»:•»; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;»:♦: :*:■»; >;;♦; ;♦;>; ;♦::♦: :•»:>: >:'♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;•>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦•;:•♦: ■♦:<>: ■»:»; .*:>; :♦;♦; •♦•>; :♦.:♦; >;;♦: :♦:.«■; :♦:>; .♦;,♦: '*;:»: :♦::<'. ;♦:>:•: >:>; >:♦: :♦::♦; >:♦: :♦"*: 'm. :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•>: ;♦>; :«•:■>: C. ABARR, deceased, was one of the pioneers of Ringgold County, and was born February 15, 1828, in White County, Illinois, son of John and Rhoda Abarr. He was reared a farmer, and obtained his education in the common schools. In 1856 his mother and one of his brothers removed to Whiteside County (his father having died in 1830), where they resided until 18 — , then came to Ringgold County and located in the eastern part of Clinton kTownship. He was married Au- gust 13, 1861, to Miss Ann M. Poor, daughter of Alvin Poor, a prominent pio- neer of Ringgold County. He located on the home farm where the family now re- side, in 1 87 1, the farm having been im- proved by his father-in-law. Mr. and Mrs. Abarr have had twelve children, eleven of whom arc living — Cordelia A., Silas W., Curtis E., Mary E. Edwards, Millage Les- ter, Alice Belle, Harland, Effie, Alvin, Ralph, Gertie, and Addie May who died at the age of si.\teen months. Mr. Abarr was a man of industrious habits and good morals, and always took an active interest in any enterprise that pertained to the wel- fare of the community. He died April 13, 1882, leaving a wife and eleven children to mourn the loss of an affectionate husband and kind father. Mrs. Abarr resides on the old homestead, which contains 230 acres of well-cultivated land. She has a comfort- able, well-furnished house, where the family have all the comforts of a good home. fOHN COIE, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, residing on section 8, town- ship 70, range 29, Tingley Township, was born in Columbiana Count}-, Ohio, in September, 1837, the eldest son of Robert and Maria (Elder) Coie, his father a native of County Down, Ireland, and the mother of Coshocton County, Ohio. The father was born in 1797, and was quite young when he came to America, where he died in 1857. The mother is still living on the old homestead in Ohio. Of a family of seven children born to them five grew to maturity, of whom four sons are still living. One son entered the Union army and was wounded at the battle of Knoxville, Ten- nessee. He returned home sick, and died from the effects of his wound. John Coie, the subject of this sketch, passed his boy- hood days in his native county, attending the common schools, and completing his education at Beaver Academy. After leav- ing school he taught for ten winters and one summer. He located in Monroe County, Iowa, in 1864, where he followed teaching for four winters, and during the summer months worked at the carpenter's trade. He purchased his present farm in 1870, which was then an unbroken tract of prairie land. He was married in 1876 to Miss Elizabeth McClatchey, a native of Magherafelt, County Londonderry, Ireland, but at the time of her marriage living in North Bend, Nebraska. To them have :♦'-► :♦;>; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ♦!:♦ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; »:;♦; :♦;* >;;♦; »;>; :■♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; 'm >,* >::♦: :♦»♦; :♦;;♦: >;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦"♦< :♦::'»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦. ;♦::♦; :♦.:♦: :♦:>; >■■»■ > >; >:«• ;«:>: >;>; :♦:>: ;♦;♦: >:;♦: ;♦;■«; ;!■'■»; > :■>: ;♦;:■>: ;*;:♦: :♦;♦; :♦:*; :♦:;♦: :«::♦: >:;♦: >::♦: :«:>; >>: ;♦.:♦: ;♦;♦; :♦.;♦: :♦:;<>: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦.>; ;♦;:♦; >.■»: ;♦:>; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ■*:♦: if* ;♦"♦; >;:♦: :♦>; :♦:;♦: ;->;>: :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: ;«:;♦; .♦,.♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦:* ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦.;♦; :*;:*' ;♦:♦: ;«■>: ;♦:;♦: :♦'» *;.♦. :♦.:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; Z<^L^ i^-cc^ \ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. :♦♦. :♦'♦; :♦♦: >"♦: :♦"♦; '♦:♦; ■♦■>: :♦ ♦; '♦♦: > ♦: .♦♦ * ♦. > ♦; ;♦ ♦. ■«■ ♦' :♦ * :♦ ♦: :♦.♦: > ■<■ '♦ ■-* ,♦ ♦; >>: v *> :♦>: * '*. :♦♦: * » ♦ V '♦!»! ■♦'♦: :♦;■«• :♦:«• :♦'♦: :• ♦' :♦;♦; '♦>: :♦'♦: ♦:♦: ♦>: :♦:'♦: *'♦: ♦;♦: »; :♦::♦: ;♦!'♦' ■♦'■♦' ♦ »: ♦ ♦ ;♦:*; :♦:'♦' *•«; :«♦; »: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;.♦: :♦:.♦: :♦'♦: :♦:♦; ♦"♦: :♦'♦: :♦'♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ .♦.:♦; :♦:♦; :♦:♦: ;♦.♦: :♦'♦- ;♦'♦ :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦:♦; .♦: ♦: >'♦: *.♦: !♦!♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; >:>: '*>: *;>; *♦: '♦;>■ ,♦ ♦ ♦ 4 been born (our children — Theodosia M., John S, Robert T. and Mary F. Mr. Coie's farm, whicli contains 240 acres, is now under fine cultivation and well im- proved, and in connection with his general farming he is engaged in raising cattle and hogs of a high grade. He commenced life with but small capital, and by his own efforts has accumulated his present fine property, and is numbered among the self- made men of Ringgold County. He has one of the finest libraries in the county. In politics he is a staunch Republican, casting his first presidential vote for Abraham Lin- coln, and since coming here has taken an active part in the politics of his party. He has served as township trustee and magis- trate for twelve years. In 1883 he was elected a member of the Twentieth General Assembly, and re-elected to the Twenty- first General Assembly in 1885, which posi- tion he has since filled to the entire satis- faction of his constituents. Both Mr and Mrs. Coie are members of the United Presbyterian church, at Eugene. H "J-t^i^^lffS-^- P. HOFFMAN resides on section 18, and is one o{ the leading ag- ''* riculturists of Middle Fork Town- ship. He was born in Montgomery County, Indiana, October 15, 1841. His parents were Absalom Hoffman, a native of Ohio, and Nancy (Conrad) Hcjffman, a native of Indiana. He was the eldest of eleven children. When he was quite young his parents removefl to Tippecanoe County, Indiana, where he was reared on a farm, and received his education in the common schools. During the late war he enlisted, August 8, 1862, in C(jmpany G, Seventy- second Mounted Infantry, and participated in the battle (jf Cliickamauga and all the historical engagements from Chattanooga to Atlanta. He was honorably discharged July 6, 1865, and returned to his home. In 1870 he came to Ringgold County, and set- tled upon his present farm in Middle Fork Township. It was then in a wild unim- proved state. He now owns 440 acres of land, and it is recognized as one of the best farms in the township. He has a good, wcli-furnished house, out-buildings for stock, a good orchard, and is extensively engaged in stock-raising and feeding. He was married December 19, 186S, to Miss Elizabeth Bishop, born in Montgomery County, Indiana, and daughter of John Bishop. Mr. Hoffman is a worthy mem- ber of the Mcthiidist Episcopal church, and in politics is a Republican. fOSEPH ROBINSON, one of the pros- perous farmers of Washington Town- ship, is a native of Ireland, born in« County Tyrone, August 17, 1835, a son of Robert and Jane Robinson. When he was an infant his parents moved to America, and lived in Canada two years, then re- turned to Ireland, where he remained six- teen years. June 15, 1853, he sailed from Liverpool for America in the ship, Fidelia, and landed in the city of New York, a penniless boy in a land of strangers. He obtained employment in a brass-finishing and gas-fitting establishment, where he worked a year and then went to Washing- ton County. New York, where he was em- ployed on a farm nine years. He then left New York and drifted to Ohio, and thence in 1861 to Wisconsin. He lived in Dane County, near Madison, until the fall of 1864, when he moved to Ringgold County, Iowa, and in the spring of 1865 moved to the farm where he now lives, on section 13, Washington Township. He bought eightv acres of land, forty of which were under cultivation, and a small log cabin had been built. He has added to his first ♦ > ♦ > ♦ ♦ ♦ • ♦ ♦ .♦.♦. ♦ ♦ ♦ V ♦ • :♦;♦: >>. ■♦.♦ ;♦> :*♦. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .* •> :♦:♦: :♦>: :♦..♦; *.♦. ;♦::♦: :♦;:*: :♦;:■*: :♦;;*: :♦;;♦: [♦:>; :♦:;♦: ■»::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;!»: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: *;:♦; :♦::«•: :♦::«: :♦::*: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :*>: :♦:*: :♦;*: :♦;:♦: :♦;*; >::*: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;•♦■: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:.*: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•»: »::♦; :♦>: :♦:;♦. :♦::♦: :♦;;♦•: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;,♦: :«;:♦: »;:« >::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: >:'»: >::♦: :«::♦: »:;♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: :♦>: ■»:♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;«•; :♦;:♦. :♦;:♦: :♦;>: ;-♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; 346 . HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. purchase from time to time until he now owns 840 acres. The most of his land is seeded to grass, as he makes a specialty of stock-raising, having at times large numbers of both cattle and hogs. He al- so has some fine horses and colts, the most of them being of the Norman breed. Mr. Robinson has made his property by his own industry and good management. He is an honorable, upright man, and in all his dealings with business men wins their respect and confidence. He was married in 1858 to Sarah Dunlap, a native of Count}' Tyrone, Ireland, but living in Wash- ington County, New York, at the time of her marriage. They have six children — Hiram S., Charles H., John D., Minnie Maggie, Elizabeth and Ida. The latter died aged twelve years. In politics Mr. Robinson is a Republican, casting his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln. -^^ -=** ENRY ARNETT, Mt. Ayr, Iowa, is a : Rf| native of Montgomery County, Vir- ^(| ginia, where he lived until eighteen years of age. He was left an orphan at an early age, and was reared by strangers. He passed his early life on a farm, attend- ing, when possible, the district school. In 1828 he came West, and lived in Illinois three years, and in the fall of 1831 went to St. Charles County, Missouri. He was married April 8, 1832, to Lucinda Wood, a native of St. Louis County, Missouri. In 1834 he moved to Lee County, Iowa, where he lived a year, and then went to Des Moines County, and from there to Louisa County, where he lived two or three years. About 1838 he returned to Des Moines Count}-, and subsequent! v to Calhoun County, Illinois, where he lived until the spring of 1855, when he moved to Ringgold County, Iowa, and located in Middle Fork Township. In the spring of 1885 he retired from farm life and moved to Mt. Ayr. He has been an energetic, en- terprising man, and is one of the represent- ative citizens of the county. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, which he has served in different official capacities. To him and his wife have been born eleven children, seven of whom are living — William L., Margaret M., George W., Virginia, Emma C, Charles W. and Alice Carey. The deceased are — Elizabeth, Sarah C, Mary Ellen and Henry Augustus. "'*'»'l£fiG####©3'?n'^-^ ^'v^^< jBRAHAM JOHNSON, one ot the J, v,«5 pioneers of Ringgold County, located ^^ in Roscoe Township in 1S56. He was born in Rock Castle County, Kentucky, August 2, 18 1 8, and when he was about seven years of age his parents, Robert and Anna Johnson, settled in Putnam County, Indiana, where he grew to manhood, and was there married, in 1S39, t'^ Lucinda Woods, a native of Kentucky, born in i8ig. Thev lived in Putnam County ten years af- ter their marriage, and then moved to Cham- paign County, Illinois, where they lived five years, and in 1854 moved to Iowa, and lived about eighteen months in Monroe County, moving thence to Ringgold Coun- ty. He located on the farm where he now lives, on section 20, Riley Township, in 1862. His homestead contains ninety-five acres of choice land, and he also owns thirty acres of timber land in Missouri, near the State line. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have had a family of eight children, of whom si.\ are living — James, of Mt. Ayr; Mrs. Mary J. McClurg; John H.. of Ne- braska; Mrs. Sarah E. Draper; Jeptha S. and Mrs. Martha A. Bayless. William died in childho(^d, and Mrs. Kittie Ann Walter, aged twenty-three years. Mr. Johnson and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Re- s' :<■: •?,;♦: >::♦ :«■:■♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦. '?>::♦: :♦:;♦■: :*■*: :♦:>■: :■• :♦: :•♦>: >::<■: :■(> :<■: !;■!*; :■«■:♦: :*■::♦: :;■: ■*; >"♦; ■■«■.■*! :4:>: :«■■♦: >:♦: :«.>: ■■;■*: :■*.♦: :<•;:■»: :♦:>; :■«■:>: .*:♦: .♦;:■»: :♦::«• >:;♦: ■«■>' *♦: >"♦: >::♦: :♦:'*: ;■♦::♦; ;♦::♦: >:•♦: :♦::•»: :•»::«>; :♦::■*: :«:;♦: ;*::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*; '*■ * :♦::♦: Iv! -'if, :♦.:♦: >:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: }*'.«'. :♦::♦; ;♦:;•>: :«:.*: ;*::♦; :•<'■«: ;♦'*: :♦>: >::* :♦;»■ >"* :*:•(>: ;♦■■* >■ > :♦.;♦. :«;>;:*::cc«:c>:>:>:;»;i»"c*:>;>;:c»;:cf;:»::*::c»:>:*v*;>;>;^^^^ BIOGRAPHICAL. SKETCHES. 847 > ♦: ♦..♦. >:♦; :♦>: :♦;♦: :♦;♦; »:♦: 4 ♦ :♦;»; :♦:♦: :♦.♦; ■♦"♦: :♦♦ '♦♦: :«.♦; :♦♦: >!*^ * - publican. Mr. Johnson's father died in Putnam County, Indiana, in 1837, and in 1S49 his mother accompanied her sons, Adam and WiUiam, to Union County, Iowa, where she died in 1875. Mrs. Johnson's mother died when she was ten months old, and she was reared by an older sister, Mrs. Nancy Wass, of Indiana. Her father mar- ried a second time, and moved to Louis- ville, Kentucky, where he spent the last (lavs of his life. fOHN -M. POOR, farmer, living on section 22, Rice Township, was born in Washington County, Indiana, Au- gust 4. 1S36, the eldest child of Alvin and Julia A. Poor, who were among the pio- neer settlers of Ringgold County. They came to this countv in the year 1856, and settled in Clinton Township on a farm where they spent their last years. They were the parents of eight children, all of whom are vet living. Their names are — John M., Isabella, .Alvin M., Ann ^Iaria, Daniel W., Clinton E., Susan E. and Wcs- lev A. John M. was reared in Washing- ton and Pike counties, Indiana, his parents locating in the latter county a few years previous to their coming to Ringgold '■, %^ County. In 1857 he returned to Indiana where he attended school, preparing him- self for a teacher, which profession he fol- lowed in Indiana and Illinois, until his father's deatii which occurred in 1862, when he returned to Ringgold County to settle up his father's estate. August 9, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and although his regiment did not participate in many historic battles, their duty was arduous, as well as honora- ble, ridding the country from bushwhack- ers in Arkansas and .Mississippi. Mr. Poor took part in the siege and capture of Mobile, .Tiid in the last campaign in Texas. He received an honorable discharge at Daven- port. Iowa. August 10, 1865. He returned to Ringgold County, April 11, 1867, when he was married to Miss Mary J. Baird, a daughter of Samuel Baird. one of the early settlers of Clinton Township where he still resides. Mrs. Poor was bom in Putnam County, Indiana. October 12, 1849, ^^^^ came with her parents to Ringgold County in 1855, where she has since lived. Mr. and Mrs. Poor have six children living — Eugene W., Millie Belle, Mary Emma. Willie W., Elmer R. and Lura M. Orvillc, their fifth child, died aged one year. Mr. Poor followed farming in Clinton Township until 1875, when he commenced improv- ing his present farm in Rice Township, having improved his 160 acres himself without any assistance. In politics Mr. Poor casts his suffrage with the Re- publican party. He has served in several township ofhccs efficiently and acceptably, and is at present township assessor. Both he and his wife are members of the Method- ist church. ^T^AVID CARLTON, a successful farmer uU/ •''"'^' stock-raiser of Lincoln Township. residing on section 21. is a native of ; Ireland, born September 15, 1841. At thr age of seven years he, in com])aiiy witii his j parents, Daniel and Nancy (McArvy) Carl- j ton, sailed Irom Belfast for America, land- j ing at New Orleans. January 1, 1848, and after remaining there a short time went to Connecticut, and from that State removed ; to Indiana, where he grew to manhood. He ! was reared to the life of a farmer which he has always followed. He left Indiana for Illinois in 1863, remaining in the laiter State until coming to Ringgold County. Iowa, in 1871. when he settled on the farm ' where he has since made his home. By his ' persevering energy and good management ♦ ♦ > ♦ > > >> :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦ :♦: .♦.♦ :♦♦ >* :♦;:•: :♦;♦: :♦;♦: :♦>; :♦:♦; >:♦; :♦ ♦ > ♦ :♦ ♦: >..♦ ;♦. ;* :• ♦' > ♦; >♦ :♦:>: ♦ • '.* * :♦ ♦ ;♦.♦ ■.♦.♦ :♦♦ ;♦♦ > ♦ :♦♦. '* ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦ '.^-r^.y.:*.!^,: :*:>: >:,<►; ♦::•♦; ;♦:•»: ;♦::♦' :♦::♦: :♦;>; :♦.:♦; :*■* :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::■♦: :♦::<•: ■♦;■♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;••; :♦;■»; :♦;;«; ;♦;:* :♦:;•»■; ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :*y-: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: >"♦: *;:♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :*::♦; :♦:.■»: >::♦: ;♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::•: :■•■;«« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; ••■:♦; ;♦"♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«: :♦:;*; :*::•>; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦;■*: :♦::•*: :♦::♦; >:>»: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: !■»::♦; :♦:>: :«;■»: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: ;♦:.*: :♦:>: :♦■::♦■ :♦::«; :♦:;*: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; »;:♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦; *;♦; :♦;■♦; *:♦; :•«':;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;<■; :♦:;■»: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;*; :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦;'♦: 348 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. he has been successful in his agricultural pursuits, and has now a fine farm contain- ing 1 60 acres of cultivated land with good residence and farm buildings. He is one of the public-spirited citizens of Lincoln Township, taking an active interest in all enterprises for the advancement of the same, and during his residence here has gained the confidence and respect of all who know him, by his honorable and up- right dealings. For his wife Mr. Carlton married Miss Florence Jackson, a daughter of William and Phoebe (Myers) Jackson, who were natives of Indiana. Mrs. Carl- ton was born May 4, 1S58. Mr. and Mrs. Carlton have two children— G. A., born August 2, 1872, and J. R., born August 7, 1884. In politics Mr. Carlton is identified with the Democratic part)-. Mrs. Carlton is a member of the Christian church. Their postoffice is at Clearfield. W. FITTRO, farmer, section 11, Athens Township, was born in Lick- " ing County, Ohio, April 3, 1830, son of Samuel and Hannah (Webb) Fittro, the former a native of York County, Pennsyl- vania. They were the parents of eight children — Betsey, Joseph, Mary Ann, Rebecca, Catherine, Samuel, Rosilla and John. The family removed to Licking County about the year 1822, and were among the early settlers of that county. Mr. Fittro passed his early life assist- ing at farm work and attending the sub- scription schools in log school-liouses. In 1842 the family removed to Louisa County, this State, where our subject lived until he readied his majority. He was married August 27, 1853, to Miss Betsey Ireland, born in Bartholomew County, Indiana, and daughter of William and Catherine Ireland. In 1855 he came to Decatur Count}', locat- ing three miles north of Leon, where he resided three years, then sold and removed to section 25, where he lived until 1877; then sold and removed to Athens Town- ship, where he purchased 400 acres of land, a portion of which is now included in tlie town plat of Kellerton, having, in 1879, sold eighty acres to one Perkins for town lots in the northern part of the town. His home farm contains 240 acres of land, well cultivated and well improved. He has a fine residence, one and a halt stories high, 16 X 26 feet, with L, 24 x 26 feet, a commo- dious barn 32 x 44 feet, and an orchard of 300 trees and small fruits. He is engaged in stock-raising and feeding. Mrs. Fittro died March 19, 1864, leaving one child — Alice. In October, 1864, he married Susan West, of Decatur County, who died in a few months. March 25, 1866, he was mar- ried to Mrs. Sarah McCartney, ncc Burkttt, widow of J. McCartney. She was born in Putnam Count}', Indiana. They have three children — Chester, Charles and Ernest. Mr. Fittro's farm adjoins the town plat of Kellerton, and is considered one of the most valuable farms in the Township. Politi- cally he is a Democrat. Postoffice, Keller- ton. fOHN BEATY, residing at Goshen, Ringgold County, is a native of Ire- land, born May 5, 1835, a son of John, Sr., and Sarah (Jenkins) Beaty, who were also natives of the same country. They immigrated to America when our subject was fifteen years old, sailing from Liver- pool in 1850, and landing at New York. They at once proceeded to Ohio and there our subject lived until 1S62 when he en- listed in Company F, One Hundred and Twenty-second Ohio Infantry. He was in the battle of Gettysburg, and several other engagements of minor importance during the two years he was in the service. He was honorably discharged at Washington, .♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :'5>; >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:*: :♦;:♦: >;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; .*::♦: ;♦::♦: :*;;♦; :♦:;•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ' :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;»; :♦:>; :*::♦; :•:>: :♦:>: >■>; :*::♦: :«•:>; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;■»: :♦:♦: :♦:>: :»:>: :«■:♦: :♦::♦: >■'♦; >;.♦: >:;♦; >;;♦; •♦;»: ■«•"♦: :♦'>; ♦"♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:;*: ;♦;:♦: :♦:»: ;♦;:♦: >"♦: >"<■; :«•::♦: ♦!;«• '♦;♦: >"♦: :♦"♦: >:>: >::♦; :♦:>; :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: *'■«■: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >•>• >'» :♦!:♦; :♦!;*; ;♦;;♦; ;♦:>: ■»:♦: :*:>; >::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦"*; :«::«: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦; >;>: :♦:>; !♦!*: >:>; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :*"♦; :♦:>; ♦;■» >:c*"*"*»"*;:*"*;*::*::c*:*s:*:*:*::*;:*.:*::"»:*:*::cc*:*::*;>:>::^^^^^ *:♦::♦":♦::♦■:♦:;♦'>"♦;:♦>»"*:*;♦"♦"♦"♦■■ >;»;>;!»::*:;*;*j»;»:>;»;>;»>:;c*j»;»;:*;.<. «:♦: :«:♦: :«::♦: >■■♦' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 84V when he returned to his old home in Ohio. He remained tlierc but a sliort time, when he went to the State of Illinois, where he was married August ii, 1864, to Sarah A. Nelson, a native of Pennsylvania, and a daufjhtcr of Jacob and Susan N. (Reed) Nelson. They are the parents of five children — .\dam N.. born June 13, 1865; Steven E., born September 11, 1867; Anna B., born November 2, 1870; William J., born July 17. 1876. and Clyda J., born Au- gust 18, 1878. Since coming to Ringgold County, Iowa, Mr. Beaty has prospered in all his undertakings, and is now the owner of 480 acres of valuable land located on section 27 of Lincoln Township. He is now engaged in dealing in fine horses, two of his horses being imported and quite cele- brated. Since coming he has served as school director, and held the office of post- master. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic party. Both he and his wife arc members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and respected members of society. -¥t^ -«4*» --o#^- tBRAHAM MOSIER, farmer, section i::, Lott's Creek Township, is one of the enterprising and successful pio- neers of Ringgold County. He was born in Holmes County, Ohio, May 22, 1836. His parents were Christ and Ann (Winger) Mosier, were natives of France and reared a family of six children — Christ, Benjamin, Barbara, Ann, Abraham and Isaac. When he was five years of age his parents removed to the Far West, as it was then called, the Territory of Iowa. They settled in Lee County, and were among the first settlers of that county. Here, amid the wild surroundings of front- ier life, Mr. Mosier was reared and edu- cated, in the pioneer schools. He was married June 17. 1862, to Miss Emma Mackey. a native of Washington County, Ohio. In 1863 he came to Ringgcjld Coun- ty and settled in Riley Township on eighty acres of wild land, which he still owns. I If has since added to the original purchase until he now owns 300 acres. He has a good two-story residence, erected in 1882, modern style and well furnished, an orchard consisting of three and a half aces, and a 'arge native grove of maples. His farm is well watered and well adapted to grazing. He usually keeps about fifty hcarl of cattle, besides horses and swine. Mrs. Mosier died March 19, 1881, leaving five children — John, Tilla Belle, Janey, Nellie and Lillie. Mr. Mosier is considered one of the leading men of his township. He is a member of the United Brethern in Christ church, and politically is a Greenbacker. Postoffice, Caledonia. fOHN H. McELROV, residing on sec- tion 1 1, of Riley Township, Ringgold County, where he has a fine farm of 260 acres, is a native of County Down, Ireland, born January 31, 1846. In 185 1 his parents immigrated to the United States with their four children, and set- tled in Union Count\', Ohio, where the father died a few years ago. The mother still lives in that county with two of her children, Margaret Ann and Samuel. Her children, Charles A., William, Susan and Esther Ann, are also residents of the same county. John H. McElroy passed his youth in Union County, Ohio. At the age of eighteen years he ran away from his home, being determined to fight for his ad ♦::♦ ♦ «• :♦:> ;♦:♦. ;♦■■*■■ ♦ ♦; ■•> ♦ :♦.:♦ :« «• •♦:;♦■:♦':♦;:♦■'♦::♦■•♦:•"♦.•♦:'♦::♦:'♦::♦;;♦::♦':« ;.*;:<>;*:c*:;'»:'C«»>::*::*>:>;>:>::*;:*;>:>::'- ;♦>: :♦:»: :«:« »:;« :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »::♦: »;:♦: ;♦"♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :«:♦: :♦>: ^^ :♦:« :♦»: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :4::« :•»:;« ^* %:♦: »::♦: :«:♦: *:•♦: >:.« :♦::« :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :«"♦: »:;« :■»"♦; »::♦: :♦>: :♦>: :«:« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:% :♦::♦: »:;♦: »:>: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:« ;♦::♦: 3»:i»; :♦::« '■♦; ♦; • ;«•;;♦: :«::♦: :♦!:♦: :«:« :«"« »::« :*:♦; "■>: ♦; ' ♦; .<..♦; :♦;:♦: :c« :•::« is* :♦::♦: :♦;■« :«::♦: *n* :♦>: :«:'!»: :♦"♦: :♦::•« :♦>: :♦:';•! :♦>: •»::♦; 350 HISTORT OF RIXGGOLD COUNTY. He was honorably discharged at Raleigh, North Carolina, June 28, 1865, when he returned to his home in Union County, Ohio, remaining there till he came to Iowa, in 1869. After living in Ringgold County for three years, he settled on his present farm in Riley Township and commenced improving it in the fall of 1872, and has converted it from the naked prairie into one of the best farms in Riley Township. Mr. McElroy was married November 16, 1871, to Miss Mary E. Bonham, who was born in Marion County, Ohio, January 4, 1854, a daughter of Harvey Bonham, a resident of Ringgold County. They have two children living — Sanford H. and Will- iam H. A son, Charlie Blaine, died Sep- tember 16, 1880, aged two years, and a daughter. Ivy I., died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. McElro}- were members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics Mr. McElroy is an ardent Republican. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. ^%^«S>-o- fT. BERNARD, lumber-dealer and proprietor of Redding Furniture ' Store, is a native of Prince Edward Island, where he was born February 28, 1832, son of Samuel and Isabella (Ross) Bernard, the father a native of the same island, and the mother of Scotland. He was educated on his native island and in 1850 the family removed to Iowa County, Wisconsin. Mr. Bernard was married December 31, 1857, to Miss Martha A. Darrough. He was engaged in farming, stock-raising and dealing in stockuntil 1881, when he removed to Ringgold County and settled in Redding. Mr. and Mrs. Bernard are the parents of one child, a son, William F. Bernard, who is engaged in business with his father. He was born May 31, i860, and was educated in Wisconsin. He came to Redding with his father. He was married in 1S81 to Miss Annie Jones, of Sauk Countv, Wisconsin, daughter of J. M. Jones. The}- have two sons — James and Lero3\ Tiie firm of J. T. Bernard & Son was established in June, 1881, and thev carry on an extensive business. They keep in stock a full line of all kinds of pine lum- ber, wire and paints. The furniture room is 20 .K 50 feet, and they carry a large stock of furniture suitable for the cot of the laborer or the mansion of the rich — all of which is sold at reasonable prices. Politi- cally they are Republicans and zealous Prohibitionists. The}- each have a fine residence. fAMES A. MILLER, farmer, section 15. Monroe Township, was born in Essex County, England, July 18, 1826, son of James and Catherine Miller. He remained in England until he reached manhood, and in 1846 crossed the waters and located in Upper Canada, where he remained five years. He was married March 9, 1854, to Miss Hannah J. Wilson, born in Upper Canada, daughter of Hugh W. and Sarah Ann Wilson, who removed to Illinois in 1850. Mr. Miller resided in Putnam County until 1857, when he came to Iowa and lo- cated in Adair County. He was among the first settlers of that county. Here he improved eighty acres of wild land, and was in the employ of the Western Stage Company for a long time. He was con- sidered an cxjiert in the handling and care of horses. While in the employ of that company he passed through manv hard- ships and dangers. In 1870 he came to Ringgold County, and settled in Monroe Township. His home farm contains 160 acres. He also owns eighty acres of im- proved land on section 8. He has a good residence, surrounded with shade and or- namental trees, and furnished in a manner :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »;*; »::♦: :♦::♦: ' :♦;»: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■•:•»: :♦:»: »>: :♦>: ■»>: >::«: .>"♦: ■«:♦; :♦"♦: !»■:♦; :«:!« :«:;«': :♦::■« ;♦::♦: •»"♦: :♦::« >::«: ■»::♦: :♦>: !^>- :♦;:»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :«::♦: Wi :♦:.♦: :♦>: »::♦: :♦:!»: :♦:;« ■)■:+■ :♦;:••■ :«;:•; :<>::'•': :♦::♦: :«"*: :♦;;♦: :♦::«: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:>; :♦;;♦: !♦!'* :♦::♦: >:;♦: .♦';♦; :■»::♦: >::♦: >;:« :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;«::♦: :♦::♦; >:V: :♦::♦: •»;>; »: ••»•■♦; BJOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Sfil >::♦; >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:♦: >♦: '♦;♦: ♦ ;♦: »♦■ • ♦: *♦: ■■:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦] > ♦: ♦ ♦. ♦ '♦: that shows the refinement of its occupants. He also has a good barn, crib, granary, out-buildings for stock, and feed lots. The farm is in a good state of cultivation and well improved. He is engaged in farm- ing and stock-raising, and has some as fine horses as can be found in the township. Everything about the (arm shows the in- dustry and thrift of its owner. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are the parents of five children — Charles H., Leonard J., Florence K., Ida A. and Sadie A. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are consistent and worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Miller has by fair and honest dealing won the confidence of all who know him, and his word is considered as good as his bond. Politically he is a Republican. Postoffice, Beaconsfield. fOHN E. SCOTT, mayor of the city of Mt. Ayr, is a native of Noble County, Ohio, a son of Matthew and Susannah (Archibald) Scott. In 1866 his parents moved to Guthrie County, Iowa, and sub- sequently to Phillips County, Kansas, where the mother died, in 1883, and the father still lives. John E. Scott was reared on a farm, attending in his youth the dis- trict schools. When nineteen years old he began teaching, which he continued sev- eral years, and then entered the State Uni- versity at Iowa City. In 1870 he went to Rdey County, Kansas, and taught there until 1873. Then went to Macon County, Missouri, and in the fall of 1875 returned to Iowa City, and entered the law school, from which he graduated in 1876. Imme- diately after his graduation he located in Mt. Ayr, and formed a partnership with \. M. Cole, which was of short duration. He subsequently was connected with Morris & .Mien, until 1878, when he bought the ab- stract books and business of Everett, and has since given his attention to real estate, abstracts and loans in connection with law practice. In the spring of 1883 he was elected mayor of Mt. Ayr, and served a year, and in 1885 was again elected, and re-elected in 1886. He was married in June, 1879, to Miss Clementine Pierson, daugh- ter of C. K. Pierson, of Ringgold County. They have had three children, two sons and one daughter. -\ ->t5»i^<5.f- «- !\OLMAN HOLLINGSVVORTH, re- siding on section 28, Union Town- ship, wiio has been identified with the interests of Ringgold County for many years, was born in Miami County, Ohio, November 23, 1837, a son of .Vbner and Nancy Hollingsworth who were born, reared and married in the State of Penn- sylvania. The father still resides on the old homestead in Ohio. The mother is deceased. Of their seven children our subject was the fourth child. He was reared to a farm life, living in his native State till reaching maturity. At the age of twenty-one years he went to Missouri, and was a resident of Platte County, that State, at the time of Lincoln's nomination for President, in i860, returning to Ohio in the fall of that vear. In August, 1S62, he enlisted in Company C, Ninety-sixth Ohio Infantry, and participated in the assault upon the defenses of Vicksburg lUKlcr General Sherman. He was at Haines' Bluff in December. 1862, and was at the taking of Arkansas Post, and also in tlu campaign culminating in the surrender of Vicksburg. He was in the second campaign against Jackson, Mississippi, this ending his active service. At this time he received a furlough on acc(3unt of sickness and returned to his home. He was dis- charged in March, 1865, and now receives a pension. His two brothers, George M. •:>'*:;♦"♦::♦"-•>"♦::♦"♦:*:♦::♦ >:»>::*;*::*;:«!:*:*:«:«!>::*::*:*;:*»;:cc««»::«»;:*:*;:*:*::«:*::«:*;:*:« >.*.*:**:4:*:;*:*:.*:'*;f:*;«::*>"«;:*:»;:*>::«;:*:;'»:>:>::«;:«;;<.;:«:;»::^^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;•»:;♦: !«:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: mv. :♦::♦: :«jK :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:.<»: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :«:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦>: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:»: ;♦:;♦: :♦:>: >:;«: »: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: :«:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: »;:♦: :■»"«: >"♦: »::♦: :♦::♦:' >::♦: :♦::♦: »:»; >::♦: !»::♦: ' :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦"«: *;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::•: :♦::« >:.«: !♦::♦: :«"♦: «:♦: :■♦;:♦: >"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; >:;♦: >;;♦: ;♦::♦: <•>::♦: !»:>; ;♦::♦: :-*':♦: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: '♦"♦: 352 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. and La Fayette, both served in Ohio resi- ments during the war, the former in the Forty-third Ohio Infantr}^ and the latter a member of a cavalry company. His brother Hezron was not physicall)' quali- fied for service, and remained with his parents. After the close of the war Mr. Hollingsworth came to Ringgold County, where he has since made his home, and is now the owner of a fine farm of 120 acres of choice land, where he makes his home. He was married in Ringgold County in February, r867, to Miss Louisa Richards, a native of Crawford County, Ohio, a .'daughter of James Richards. Her parents were early settlers of Ringgold Count}-, Iowa, coming to Union Township in 1857. Her mother died in Ma}', 1872, and her father's death occurred January 8, 1886, at the advanced age of ninety-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Hollingsworth are the par- ents of five children all living at home — Minnie, Manford, Guy, Bessie and Abner. In former years Mr. Hollingsworth was a Democrat, and cast his vote for Stephen A. Douglas, but in 1S72 supported Horace Greeley, and now affiliates with the Green- back party He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, belonging to Banner Lodge, at Wirt. ptpl^LLIAM B. PENICK, one of the ■'^ 1/ \7',, leading farmers and stock-dealers, c^jt^ and a breeder of fine cattle, resid- ing in Tingley Township, is a native of Iowa, born in Wapello County, May 22, 185S, a son of W. C. and Martha A. (Thompson) Fenick, the father engaged in the banking business at Chariton, Iowa. Of a family of six children born to his par- ents our subject was the third. He re- ceived good educational advantages in his youth in the schools of Chariton, and later attending the Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois, where he pursued his studies for four years. After leaving school he spent three years in his father's bank, at Chariton. He was united in marriage in November, 1881, to Miss Katie Waddell, of Mason City, West Virginia, and to this union has been born one child, a daughter, named Martha Lee. After leaving Chari- ton Mr. Penick settled on his present farm in Tingley Township, on section 36, where he has about 800 acres, all under fence and well improved. He raises and feeds about 400 hogs annually, and about the same number of cattle, being classed among the successful stock-raisers in his township. He has a large barn, and his sheds are both comfortable and commodious, and are a great protection for his cattle and hogs in time of a storm. BRAHAM ROBERTS, one of the principal agriculturists of Liberty ^ Township, residing on section i, was born in Coshocton County, Ohio, August 4, 1840, the youngest of a family of four children. His father, Thompson Roberts, was a farmer by occupation, which pursuit he followed till his death. He died when our subject was but seven years of age. The mother also died when our subject was a mere boy, leaving him an orphan at a very early age. After the death of his parents he was employed on the farm of John S. Webb, for whom he worked nine years, near Indianapolis, Indiana. In the spring of 1865 he came to Ringgold County, where he lived on rented land for four years. He then bought forty acres of his present farm, which was one of the first settled farms in this part of the county. He was united in marriage in March, 1871, to Miss Louisa J. McMullin, a native of Coshocton County, Ohio, but at the time of her marriage living in Ringgold County. :♦::♦; ;*:♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦:>: :-»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::«: ■:♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: :*:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;*■ :♦:>: :♦"«: :♦::♦: :♦>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: Wi :♦.:<»: :♦>: :♦::♦; »;»^ :♦::♦. :♦;:■♦• *'•••; »; :♦::♦: »::♦: >:>: :♦:>: :«"♦: :♦.:♦: »::♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«' :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::'»: :«:;♦: :«::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.«: »::♦: ;*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :«:;♦: :«::♦: :«j»: . :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :*;♦; ;«:♦: ;♦;:♦; :•♦;:♦: :«.;«: >.♦: ;♦:♦: ;•»♦. ■"- ♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 858 ;♦:♦. ■•♦' ;♦;♦. :♦>. '♦:♦ ;♦.♦ »' :♦:;♦: :♦;>; >!> :♦.>: :*■»! :♦;♦: »: >:♦: >:;♦: ;♦;>: >;:♦: :♦;;♦: »: .♦.;♦. ;♦::♦: •♦<* >.♦. ;♦♦ :♦.* :♦..♦; ».:♦; :♦:♦: ».;♦; ;«':♦: :♦::«>: :♦::«; :♦:■«•: They arc the parents of six children — four sons and two daughters. Mr. Roberts brought with him to this county $700, which he had saved from his own earnings, and this money he invested in a team, which he subsequently traded for his first forty acres. Here he followed farming a number of years, when he seeded his farm to grass, and turned his attention to raising stock. He is making a specialty of high- grade cattle and draught horses, being espe- cially successful in the raising of horses. To his original purchase he has added from time to time till his farm now contains 230 acres of choice land, 160 acres being across the line in Monroe Township. He has a comfortable and commodious residence, a good frame barn and other farm buildings for the accommodation of his stock, and by his industry and good management has ac- quired a good competency for his declining years. -83 -{^V- »- T. TODD, senior member of the gen- eral mercantile firm of J. T. and C. J. Todd, of Goshen, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Beaver County, February 26, 1845, a son of Alexander and Julia Ann Todd, who were also natives of the State of Pennsylvania. Our subject was reared to agricultural pursuits which he followed until 1879. '" '^5' 'ic left his birth-place with his parents, who settled in Scott County, Iowa, where he remained on the home farm for two years. At the age of fifteen le began farming in Scott Coun- ty, which he followed till 1865, when he re- turned to Pennsylvania, remaining there till 1868, when he returned to Iowa, and located in Ringgold County, having since been a resident and becomir.g one of publicspiritcc. citizens, postmaster of\ Goshen, filled efficiently of the county, its leading and He was the first which office he and satisfactorilv. He S7 was married at Goshen in 1883 to Miss Anna McNecr. He built the first store in the town of Goshen, and in 1879 established his present mercantile business since which he has built up a good trade. Mr. Todd is a member of the Odd Fellows order, be- longing to Lodge No. 53, at Goshen. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic party. fONATHAN LONG, living on section I, Jefferson Township, was born in Noble County, Ohio, September 9, 1836, a son of Samuel Long, a native of Fay- ette County, Pennsylvania, and an early pio- neer of Noble County, Ohio, now deceased. Our subject spent his youth in helping his father with the work on the farm, and his education was such as the log-cabin sub- scription schools of that early day afforded. He has been twice married, his first mar- riage taking place June 17, 1858, with Miss Harriett Redd, a daughter of Peter Redd who was one of the early settlers of Guern- sey County, Ohio, and to this union three children were born — Samuel, Dora and Mary. His first wife died in June, 1864, and in August, 1865, he was again married to Rachel Baxter, a native of Guernsey County, Ohio, her father, John Baxter, be- ing born in the same county. To this union have been born nine children — Frank E., John B., Nathaniel B., Sadie C, Carrie L., Anna V., Lizzie I., Charles VV. and Alice C, all but Alice being born in Guernsey County, Ohio. Mr. Long came with his family to Ringgold County, Iowa, in January, 1880, and settled on his pres- ent farm in Jefferson Township in the spring of 1884. He has met with success in his agricultural pursuits, and is now the owner of a fine farm containing 240 acres of well-cultivated land. Mr. and Mrs. Long and their daughter, Sadie, are mem- bers of the United Presbyterian church. >>: > .'♦, >♦ :♦:♦ ;♦:♦ :♦,♦ ;♦> >>. ^. :♦:>• >;♦: ■♦.*: :♦.:♦; >::♦: »; :♦::♦: >A >.:♦; >';♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦>■ >'♦ :< >, ;♦> :♦>; :♦>■ .♦ >■ *;♦! ;♦':♦; '♦'♦: ♦ ♦: > ♦: >■>; >:;•: :♦:;♦; >:>: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;« :♦;;♦; '».!». ■♦'■♦: :« ;♦' > ♦ '»:!*. >::♦: ;♦::♦; !«':♦: :♦.:♦; >;■* :•;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«! >::♦: !♦::« 'm. :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :«:.«: :c«i :«"«: :*>: :«::♦: :♦:♦; :♦"♦: :♦♦: '♦♦: > •: ♦ ♦' t ♦ ♦ ♦: « ♦ ♦ ♦ >::*;c*"**/*:*"*::*"**"«:*::*>::c*»::*»':«»::*r!(>::*::*:* :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >■>: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >':♦; :♦::♦; '♦;;*; :♦::♦; >::♦; >::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>; >::♦: ;♦::♦; ;*:♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: •♦:>; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦.:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :*:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::«■ ••::♦; >:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:>: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦;♦; :♦::•♦; :♦;>; :«•:♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦;♦; ;♦::♦: :»;:<^ :♦::♦; :♦::■« :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦::«■; :♦::♦; :♦::«; :«:'♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ?»::♦; :♦.:♦; ;♦.;♦: :♦::♦: »;■*' :♦::«! :♦;:♦; :♦;>; ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :■*:•♦■ ;♦::« :*'«•: :*;>; :♦::♦::♦::♦; 354 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. The father of our subject emigrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio in a very early day, making the entire journey with his wife and one child with one horse, he leading the horse on which his wife and child sat. The Indians were the principal inhabitants of Noble County at that time, and there they experienced all the hardships and privations of pioneer life. At one time the father paid his last money, 50 cents, for a sack of corn which he took twenty miles to mill to be ground, while the mother and her children lived on parched corn and deer meat. Their nearest neighbor was five miles distant. Both parents are now deceased. -t--5- iK3«- W. ABARR, farmer, section 16, Clin- ton Township, is one of the old pio- .^ -' neers of the county, having been identified with its interests for more than thirty years. He was born in Murray County, Tennessee, October i, 1816. His father, John B. Abarr, was a native of France, and served in the war of 18 12. His mother, Rhoda (Wilson) Abarr, was a native of North Carolina. They were married in Murray County, and reared a family of five children, all sons — J. W., John B., Richard L., Bartley R. and D. C. When our subject was a few weeks old his parents removed to Gallatin County, in the then Territory of Illinois, being among the early pioneers of that county. They re- mained here four years, and then removed to White County, where the father died, in 1834. His early life was spent in assisting on the farm and attending the subscription schools of that day. November 26, 1834, he was united in marriage with Miss Re- becca Smith, a native of White County, and daughter of Carter and Ruth (Dagley) Smith. In 1848 Mr. Abarr, with wife and two children, removed to Whiteside Coun- ty, Illinois, where he resided until the spring of 1856, when, with two brothers, B. R. and D. C, and their mother, he came to Iowa, arriving in Ringgold County, April 30, and settled upon his present farm. He had visited the place the year previous and purchased the farm from one Tom Lovell. There were forty acres of land, upon which a log cabin had been con- structed. He entered 160 acres from the Government on section 16. He added to his farm from time to time, until at one time he owned 1,000 acres. He has sold and divided among his children, until his farm now consists of 400 acres of well-cul- tivated and well-improved land. He has a comfortable house, corn barn, 40 x 42 feet, sixteen-foot posts, the frame all of native timber. He is extensively engaged in stock- raising and feeding. Mr. and Mrs. Abarr are the parents of five children — John C, who served during the late war in the Forty-third Missouri ; W. S.; Helen, now Mrs. G. W. Spence ; Alice, now Mrs. J. R. Stevens; and Halley. Five children are deceased — Huston, the fourth child, died at the age of twenty years; Electa Ann, died at the age of three years ; Solon G., died at the age of two 3'ears, and James H., died at the age of one year. During the late war Mr. Abarr enlisted in Company I, Fifth Missouri Cavalry. His two brothers, John B. and B. R., and a nephew, W. R. Abarr, were in the same regiment. Mrs. Abarr died August 31, 1885. Politically Mr. Abarr is a Republican. He voted for General Fremont in this count}' in 1856. Postoffice, Redding. fONATHAN PARKHURST, farmer, section 7, Benton Township, was born in Windsor County, Vermont, July 17, 1836, son of John and Hannah (Johnson) Parkhurst. He was the twelfth of thirteen children. He was reared a farmer, and >'«: >>; .>>! :<■>: > '1*. :♦:♦: ;♦"♦; :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦; ;♦:>: >!>; :•»;■:♦; *H :♦:♦. :♦•*-: >.:♦: :♦>; >.:♦. :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: ■ :♦♦: :♦.;♦: :•'■>: ;♦.;♦: '-^■♦! !«•■ ♦: ;« ♦ :♦':♦: !*>■ ;♦ :♦: .<>.:♦: :*>; >;«■ >:♦: ;^>: '♦:* '*:*: ;♦>. '♦;♦; v.>; >::<•: ;♦;;♦: >.:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«•::*: ;♦:>: ■*:;♦: :<■:♦: :■)• >. < ♦; .*.*: ■■»..■>: ;♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ■♦■■*• m :♦:;♦: :.♦:;« "•:;♦; .♦:.♦; ;«:>: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :*::♦: »:;♦: :♦;:•; »:«: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :«:>: :«:« :<•::♦: :«:»: :«:;«: :«:♦: :*;»: :♦::♦: !♦:■»: .♦:.♦; :♦::♦; »>: :♦>: !»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«:»; »>: .*-♦: :♦:.♦: :♦>: :♦;;♦; :♦;■« :♦::♦: ;♦:>: **i :♦::«: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; .*.:♦; *;:♦: *:;♦: :♦;:♦: !*:!»: ;♦:.♦: ■»:;•: :♦:♦: ;♦:.♦: :c*: :♦■'♦: • ♦: ;*■»: .*.♦: :♦;.♦: :«■'♦: ;«"♦' :♦:♦: ;♦:♦; ;♦::♦; »;♦: ';■•;♦; .♦:♦: !♦♦: .♦♦; m ■M !»'.♦: :♦:;♦: »:.♦: w BIOGRAPinCAL SKETCHES. 3M educated in the common schools of his na- tive State. At the aj^e of nineteen years he removed to Knox County, Ulinois.wherc he engaged in farming seven years. From 1861 to 1864 he resided in Cleveland, Ohio. March 5,i864,he was married to Miss Nancy Sendlev, who was born in Buffalo, New York, daughter of Daniel and Mary (Clark) Sendley. Soon after marriage he returned to Knox County, and remained until 1867; then removed to Ringgold County, and settled on section 20, on the State road, where he resided three years. In 1870 he settled upon his present farm, which was then in a wild condition. He has improved and cultivated his land, and everything about the place indicates thrift and indus- try. He has a comfortable house, out- buildings for stock, and an orchard of 150 bearing trees. Mr. and Mrs. Parkhurst are the parents of five children — Ettic Adella, Louise Rowena, Margaret Ellen, John Ed- win and Clara Lovina. Politically Mr. Parkhurst affiliates with the Republican party. Postoffice, Clearfield, Taylor County, Iowa. lE WITT C. WOOD, a young and en- terprising farmer of Washington Township, is a native of Warren County, Illinois, born near the village of Berwick, February 21, 1864, a son of Allen and Mary S. Wood. When he was two years of age his father died, and from that time until sixteen years old he made his home with his grand father.Henry Wagoner. He was reared on a farm but received a common-school education, attending the schools of his district in the winter. When sixteen years old he started out to take care of himself and assist his mother, and rented a farm. He was successful and subsequently bought 100 acres, paying only part cash, however. After getting his land paid for he sold it and came to Iowa, and for a time lived in Taylor County, moving thence to Ringgold County, and located on his present farm which he took in exchange for one in Taylor County. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, and is one of the enterprising and successful young men of the township. He is un- married, his mother and only sister, Maria E., making their home with him. His sister is an intelligent, cultured young lady, and is one of the successful teachers of Ringgold County. NEVILL, engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 22, Lincoln * Township, where he has eighty acres of fine land, is a native of England, born December 4, 1844, a son of John and Han- nah (Bond) Nevili, who were also natives of England. April 7, 1852, they left their native country with their family, and landed at New York the following May, when they proceeded to Wisconsin, where they resided a number of years. Our sub- ject grew to manhood on his father's farm in Wisconsin, and has made farming the principal avocation of his life. He re- mained in Wisconsin until 1863, when he enlisted in Company F, Thirty-third Wis- consin Infantry, and was in the service three years. He was mustered out at Vicksburg August g. 1863, receiving his final discharge at Madison, Wisconsin, when he returned to his home. In 1866 he came to Iowa and began working on the rail- road, which he followed for four years when he rented a farm in Washington County, of this State, on which he resided three years. He then came to Ringgold County and has since followed agricultural pursuits on the farm where he now resides. For his wife he married Cynthia E. Pratt, a daughter of E, P. and Amanda (Roberts) Pratt. Mrs. Nevili is a native of Iowa, ♦ V, :♦:.♦; .♦-♦: :♦:♦: ♦>o'€*>>;>>^'•?^*>>>>>>;j*c>>^^^o■'<■*■»■»"'♦:»■v *j>.!>j>^*.)'.ff:i^.fakf>.ik^j^j^ii»:f.f(:^ii:s^.!(!ft.^ 3r,6 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. ;*:.♦. >:>; >■[♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :<■/♦; :■•',;♦; :♦;;♦: »; :■♦::♦: :♦::«; :♦:>; :*;:♦: :♦:* :*:*: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»•:>: :■♦.:♦: :♦.;♦: ;♦:;*: :♦::♦: ;*;:♦; ;♦::«■: ;♦::♦: :*■*: ;♦::»■: *;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:•>: Init- >::v. :♦.:«; :*:^ ;♦::•*. ;♦::•»: >;♦' ;*■-♦! :»* :<-■■'. ;♦;:*■: >'♦: born in Johnson County, January 28, 1854. Mr. and Mrs. Nevill have six children — Lizzie E., Stella, John A., Mary, Lelia and Bo^-d B. Mr. Nevill, since coming to Lin- coln Township, has filled the offices of township clerk and trustee, and has served as treasurer of the School Board. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Greenback party. He is a comrade of Edd Ottier Post, No. 290, G. A. R., of Clearfield, Iowa. H •^»!^'^^<^;>^- 8- fRANK McGUGIN is a native of Washington County, Pennsylvania, born near Hickory, July 24, 1843, the fourth in a family of six children of Daniel and Elizabeth (Campbell) McGugin. In March, 1846, the parents settled in Knox County, Ohio, where they are still living, on the old homestead. Frank McGugin passed his youth on the farm in Knox County, Ohio, receiving his education in the common schools of his neighborhood. At the outbreak of the war of the Rebell- ion he enlisted in Company A, Thirtieth Ohio Infantr}', and spent the first two )'ears of his term of service in Virginia. In 1863 he was transferred to the Army of the Potomac, Ninth Army Corps, and in Oc- tober of the same year to the Arm}^ of the Mississippi, in the Second Brigade, Second Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, in which he served till the close of the war. He took part in twenty-eight engagements, in- cluding the battles of second Bull Run, Antietam, siege of Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain. He was cap- tured by the enemy at the battle in front of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, and was impris- oned at Andersonvilic, and after being in- carcerated two months and two days in that Southern prison pen he made his es- cape. He had to walk some 300 miles be- ':♦::♦;:♦"♦::♦;:•♦■ ■■:;♦:;♦::♦::♦;:♦;;« fore reaching the Union lines, taking him nine daj's and nights, and during this time his principal food was raw potatoes, having but one meal, which was given him by an old colored man. On reaching the Union lines he was almost naked, and scarcely able to stand, and he was granted a fur- lough of thirty days. He rejoined his regiment at Savannah, Georgia, when he was made First Lieutenant, and later pro- moted to Captain of his company, which position he held till mustered out, August 4, 1865. He then returned to Knox Coun- ty, Ohio, where he. was married to Miss Melissa Critchfield, and to them have been born two sons and one daughter^ — Daniel E., Clifford N. and Stella M. After his marriage Mr. McGugin settled on a farm in Knox County, where, in connection with his farming pursuits, he carried on a flour- mill for several years. In the fall of 1872 he came with his family to Ringgold Coun- ty, Iowa, and settled on his present farm on section 12, Tingley Township, where he has since followed agricultural pursuits, his farm containing 160 acres of well-improved and highl3--cultivated land. Mi", and Mrs. McGugin are members of the Christian church, of which he is at present serving as deacon and trustee. fOSEPH L. McPHERSON, section 8, Tingle}' Township, is one of the lead- ing farmers of Ringgold Count}'. He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylva- nia, June 28, 1850, the only son of Hugh H. and Rebecca (Jenkins) McPherson, his father a native of Pennsylvania and his mother of Maryland. His mother died when he was seven days old, and when he was eleven years old his father married again. When he was seventeen his father died, and he began the battle of life alone. He came to Ringgold County, Iowa, in the ,«.♦. ■♦::♦: »: .->:♦: >>; :♦::♦. :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >'»: >:* ;*■;*; !*!♦: .♦:;*: :*>; /»>: fi .*. ;-■-■*; *■;' ■>! >'.<'■ >■> :* ♦: ;•»..♦: 'f^ !*' ;♦:>: >;;*; ;«•:;♦: :♦::♦: >:,«• '.'■:'.<>. :♦;:•>: ;♦:,*! > >; ■♦.♦. »■. ;♦♦: ;♦:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: >>; >. y. >. v. :*■■ >: > *, :♦.>: '*,:♦: ■> -^i ;*::♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦'♦. »: :♦:;♦: :♦:>; :♦♦: :♦.:♦: ;♦.♦ :♦:♦: :♦.♦: :♦:♦: »i :♦;♦: !♦:♦: >'♦: :♦:♦' »! *.♦: >:•: :♦>: :♦;•: :♦: «•: .♦"♦: :♦.,♦: »; ;♦♦: '♦♦' > ♦ ♦ * B/OORAPUICAL SKETCUES. 3.57 ;♦. ♦: ♦:♦; :♦;♦; :♦:♦: ■♦, ♦; *■*! ♦■»; « r- < •. ♦.♦. >; ♦'. »: .♦'*: !♦;♦ ;♦.<•• :♦:♦; >.♦: !♦!♦: :♦.♦: :♦: ♦: .♦!♦. :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦:>; »: ♦>. '*'.•'. *:♦; »i >. *. »: ♦ >■ :♦ ♦, ♦ ♦' > >- ♦ • ;♦ * :♦ ♦ spring of 1S76, and the following summer was employed on a farm by the month. He then engaged in farming for himself, and now owns a fine farm of eighty acres, well improved, with a good residence and comfortable farm buildings. Mr. McPher- son was married in the spring of 1882 to Miss Ella Kirkham, of Monroe County, Iowa. In politics he affiliates with the Re- publican party. ILLIAM S. ANDERSON, residing '■■ on section 16, Rice Township, was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, February 17, 1849. His parents, William and Sarah (Louder) Anderson, were both natives of North Carolina, where they were reared and married, and there their seven eldest children w-ere born — Mrs. Rhoda Stanford, a widow, now living in Decatur County, Iowa; John Calvin and Isaac B., living in Henry County, In- diana; Joel M. and Mrs. Mary A. Dunn, residents of Reno County, Kansas ; Solo- mon S. was a member of the Third Iowa Cavalry, and died during the war, aged nineteen years; and William S., the subject of this sketch. Their daughter, Mrs. Sarah Iren Deck, was born in Decatur County, Iowa, and is now living in Reno Count)', Kansas. In 185 1 the parents removed with their family from North Carolina to Henry County, Indiana, where they resided till 1859. They then settled in Woodland, De- catur County, Iowa, and two and a half years later came to Ringgold County, and settled on a farm in Eden Township, where they have since made their home. Will- iam S. Anderson, our subject, grew to manhood in Ringgold County, being about thirteen years old when he accom{)anied his parents to this county. He was mar- ried in Woodland Township, Decatur Coun- ty, December 4, 1870, to Miss Ellen Frazcr, who was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, June 15,1853. Her parents settled in Henry County, Indiana, in 1868, and in 1870 moved to Decatur County, Iowa, where the mother died, March lo, 1876, aged fifty-one years. In 1884 the father of Mrs. Anderson, Stanly Frazer, moved to Van Buren County, Iowa, where he now lives. Mrs. Anderson was the eldest in a family of six children. Her eldest sister, Sarah, is her father's housekeeper; Mary M., a teacher, also lives with her father ; James E.died in early childhood ; Amanda is the wife of John L. Coaltrane; and Nan- nie. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are the par- ents of two children — Charles C, born September 5, 1871, and Edward I., born October 10, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson lived on a farm in Decatur Count)', Iowa, until 1875, when they moved to Reno County, Kansas, remaining there five years. In the fall of 1880 they returned to Deca- tur County, and the following spring came to Ringgold County, and settled on their present farm on section 16, Rice Town- ship, which contains forty-five acres of good land, this farm being one of the first settled in the township. Besides his home farm Mr. Anderson owns eighty acres of vaKiable land, which is located a half-mile from the homestead. In politics Mr. An- derson casts his suffrage with the Republi- can party. Both he and his wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal church. •»fo- -^*^ IBIOBERT CAMPBELL, a leading farm- '?r\ cr o[ Ringgold Countv. is a native ''^■i\ of Indiana, born in Madison County, June 12, '842, a son of Jolui and Susan (Williamson) Campbell, his father a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother of Mary land. In the fall of 1836 his parents moved to Iowa, and settled in Ringgold County, buying a tr;ict ot lantl on section lo, W.ish ♦ * * ■> ♦ ♦ ♦ *■ f > ■>"♦"*:♦::♦"♦::*:♦"♦"♦:>;:■*>::♦"♦: :^ 358 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;*:♦; ;♦:♦; ;♦;.♦' '*:♦: >::♦; :■«>>: :♦:>: »: :♦:>: :«:>: »::♦; :♦:>: :♦"«• .*:;»: :*::♦; ;*:.♦; :«♦: :*:>: >; >: ■»::•>: :»;;♦; ;♦::♦; >:;♦; ■■ :*: ington Township. The father died in 1881, and the mother is still living. They had a family of twelve children, ten of whom are living, our subject being the fourth. He was reared a farmer, remaining at home until after the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, when, in September, 1861, he enlisted in the Union army, and was as- signed to Company I, Fourth Iowa Cav- alry, and served until August, 1865. He was captured near Helena, Arkansas, when on a scouting expedition, and was held a prisoner from March till September, when he was paroled and sent to St. Louis, and a month later was exxhanged and joined his regiment at Memphis, Tennessee. At Selma, Alabama, he received a gun-shot wound through the thigh, which disabled him for a time. After his discharge he returned to his father's farm and engaged in agricult- ural pursuits, and after his marriage set- tled on the farm where he now lives, which contams 160 acres of choice land. He was married in 1869 to Sarah A. Mumford, who died in April, 1883, leaving one daughter — Estella M. In politics Mr. Campbell is a Republican. |NDREW STEVENSON, section 17, A\v¥ Tingley Township, is a native of Guernsey County, Ohio, born October 5, 1840, a son of John and Margaret (Hen- derson) Stevenson. In 1862 he enlisted in the defense of his country, and was as- signed to Company A, Eighty-eighth Ohio Infantry, and was discharged in June, 1865. He was married in April, 1864, to Mary C. Gilbert, of Licking County, Ohio. After his return from the war he engaged in farming until 1868, when he moved to Ring- gold County, Iowa, and located on his present farm, which contains 200 acres of choice land. Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson have five children — Bj-ron, Margaret, Elizabeth, Sadie and Ida. Two are deceased, the eldest, Ella, and the third, May. They are members of the United Presbyterian church, at Eugene. ---*"- -=«• ^AMES W. GLENDENNING, farmer, ■^ section 22, Middle Fork Township, was ^^ born in Rush County, Indiana, May 2, 1842, son of James and Elizabeth Glenden- ning, natives of Tennessee. He was the fifth of a family of nine children. When he was six years of age his parents re- moved to Audrain County, Missouri, where they remained several years, then went to Galloway Count}', thence to Gentr}' Coun- ty, locating near Lott's Grove. In the spring of 1861 they came to Ringgold County. Our subject was reared a farmer, and obtained his education in the common schools. In the summer of 1861 he en- listed in Company G,Fourth Iowa Infantry, and was honorably discharged on ac- count of disability. In March, 1862, he re- enlisted in Compan)' G, Fourth Missouri Cavalry, and served until the close of the war. This regiment was in most of the principal engagements in Missouri and Ar- kansas. He was honorably discharged at the close of the war, and returned home. He was married October 4, 1866, to Miss Delilah Jarvis, formerh" of Ohio, daughter of Phillip and Mary Jarvis. In 1867 he located in Rice Township, and two years later purchased his present farm, which at that time consisted of 160 acres of wild land. He has added to and improved it, un- til he now has 200 acres of as good land as can be found in the township. He has a fine two-story residence erected in 1883, main part, 14 x 30 feet, with L, 14 x 16 feet, with a porch eight feet. The house is built in modern style, well furnished, and is one of the best buildings in the town- ship. He is engaged principally in stock- :♦::* :♦;»: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦"♦; :♦"♦: W^ :♦::♦: >::♦: :*:« mM >::♦: >::♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦; ;♦;:♦; »;;♦; :♦"♦: :♦;;*. :«::♦: :♦;>: »::♦: :♦;:♦; ' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »«* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::■»: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::« :♦::♦: '♦;*< :♦::♦ :«:♦! :♦: ->♦; >;;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: »:♦: ♦ .♦; •:♦; >;>: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: ;♦>: :c*: :«:♦: :♦::« »::♦: >:>: >:>: !•::« ;♦::♦: :*:>: *H »; :•::«: »::♦: >::♦: »>: >::♦; :«:>: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; »,>: :♦!>: :♦.:♦: >.:♦: :♦:>: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: >::«! :♦:>: :♦::»: *>: >::♦: :♦::«': :♦:»: :c«i :♦.;«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *:;♦: :«::♦: ;•»::♦; :«:;♦: :«:«: :♦:;♦: »:.♦: ;♦;:♦: :«:« »::« »::♦: ■»:>; >::♦: »::♦; »::« »■■♦; raising and feeding. Mr. and Mrs. Glen- denning are tiie parents of si.v children — William, Mary, Clara Belle, Ella, Sadie and \'erdue. Grctta is deceased. Mr. Glen- denning is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal church, and politically affiliates with the Republican party. He is very highly respected in the community where he is known, and is one of the leading men in his township. Postoffice, Ingart. ^m^ ILLIAM CASNER, one of the active and enterprising farmers and stock-raisers of Jefferson Township, and an old pioneer of Ringgold County, was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, December 27, 18 19. His father, John Casner, was a native of Mary- land. In early life he followed the shoe- maker's trade, but his later years he spent in farming. William Casner received his education in the log-cabin school-houses of his neighborhood, which he attended while not helping with the work of the farm. In 1828 he went with his parents to Noble (then Monroe) County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood. He then be- gan dealing in lumber, and was engaged in the lumber trade twelve or fifteen years, in that State. He was married August 24, 1844, to Miss Margaret A. Keller, a daugh- ter of John Keller, deceased. Of eleven children born to this union, only five sur- vive — Mary A., Christiann, Jane, Susannah and Charles, all married but the latter. Mr. Casner went overland to California in 1852, where he mined for two years, re- turning to Ohio in 1854. In the fall of 1855 he came to Ringgold County, Iowa, and entered over 700 acres of wild land, most of which was located in Jefferson Townshi{). lie brought his family here in the spring of 1856, when he settled on the farm where he has since made his home, located on section 15, Jeflerson Township, on which he has made all the improvements, and brought his land under fine cultivation. Mount Zion Methodist Episcopal Church was built on his land near his house, in 1858. This was a frame structure, 22 x 28 feet, and was the first church built in the county. Mr. Casner has now 200 acres of valuable land, and is at present devoting his time principally to raising stock. He has held several offices since coming to the township, having been justice of the peace three terms, and has served as trustee, school director and school treasurer. Mrs. Casner is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Casner was a soldier in the late civil war. He svas a member of Compan}- G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and participat- ed in the battles of Helena, Little Rock, and others. He served two years and seven months, when he was discharged for disa- bility. He has never fully recovered from the effect of his army experience, and now draws a pension from the Government. a-RENUS MILLSAP, farmer, section 18, aj Clinton Township, is one of the early ^ settlers who has been identified with the interests of the county for thirty years. He was born in Lawrence County, Indiana, December 29, 1837. His parents were Bela and Jane (Bunch) Millsap, natives of North Carolina. They reared a family of seven children — G. A., Nancy Ann, Jane, William, Sophronia, F. A. and Irenus. Mr. Millsap was reared a farmer and was edu- cated in the common schools. In 1S56 the family came by team to Madison County, Iowa, where they spent the winter, and the following spring came to Ringgold County, locating on section 12, Benton Township, on wild lantl the father had entered from the Government. Mr. Millsap was mar- .♦ ♦, ;♦♦; > ♦ * « :♦> !♦ ■•' >> ;♦:♦ >:♦ :♦::♦. ;♦>' :♦::*: ;♦:♦' :♦:♦: :♦.♦ >,♦ :♦.♦. :♦..♦. •» ♦ :♦♦: ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦'♦ ♦ ♦, ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ■ .♦;>»::♦::♦ *::♦;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦>: :♦>: »:;« :♦::♦: :♦;':>: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :«:♦: *::♦: :♦"♦: :♦>: :♦:>: :♦"« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:•»: :«:«: »"♦: :«:♦: :♦:>: 360 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«;♦: :<>::♦: »:<►; :♦:>: ■*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:<»: ?§* »>: .♦>: ??* »::♦: »::♦: :♦"■»; :♦:;♦; :♦"■>: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :«:♦: !♦;:•; :♦;;•♦: !♦^♦; ;♦:.♦: :♦.:•»; :♦:;♦: ;♦;>: :♦;■«■: ;♦;:♦: .♦::♦: :♦:;♦: 1 .♦::<«>: ■ :♦:♦: ■♦"♦: *:*: >;:♦; :♦:»; »::<»: »;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"«: *»* :♦:»: :♦::*: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:> »:» :♦*>•>. ■*■■«,->.♦; ried Ma)' 21, 1 861, to Miss Mary C. Dennis, a native of New Jersey. When twelve years of age she came with her parents, William S. and Nancy (McLean) Dennis, to Taylor County, Iowa. Mr. Millsap settled upon his present farm in 1875, which was then in a wild state. His farm contains ninety- eight acres of well-cultivated and well-im- proved land. He has a comfortable house, out-buildings for stock, and orchard and small fruits. Mr. and Mrs. Millsap are the parents of eight children — Nancy J., Elma Alice, Ulysses A., Emma E., Silas W., An- gle May, Sidney C. and Nora Belle. Mr. Millsap is politically a Republican. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church since seven years of age. Postoffice, Mormontown. fOHN A. LESAN, an active and suc- cesssful farmer of Liberty Township, residing on section 36, is a native of Maine, born near Bangor, July 10, 1832. When he was seven years of age his par- ents, Charles L and Mehitable S. (Pratt) Lesan, removed to the city of Bangor, where the father followed the mercantile business. John A. Lesan was reared in Bangor, receiving his education in the schools of that city. He left school when sixteen years old, and followed the sea from that asre till he attained the asre of twent}' j'ears, coasting from the Bay of Bangor as far as Florida. He then accom- panied his father to Stark County, Illinois, his mother having died some years pre- vious, and in that county he was married, in the 3'ear 1859, to Miss Maggie Coon, a native of Canada. They are the parents of two daughters — Hattie M. and Nellie B. Mr. Lesan left Stark County in i860, when he came to Ringgold County, Iowa, and settled on his present farm, purchasing at that time eight)' acres of open prairie land, on which he erected a small log house, 14 X 16 feet, and began improving his farm. In 1862 he enlisted in the defense of his country, in Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and was immediately sent to Missouri, thence down the Mississippi River. He took part in the battles of Helena, Little Rock, and the taking of Mo- bile. He was mustered out in August, 1865, and discharged at Davenport, Iowa, when he returned to his farm in Liberty Town- ship, Ringgold County, where he has met with excellent success in his farming and stock-raising. He has added to his original eighty acres by subsequent purchases till his home farm contains 180 acres of choice land, besides which he owns 100 acres of pasture land located in Poe Township. He is still devoting his attention to stock-rais- ing, and has on his farm at present sixty head of thorough-bred short-horn cattle, and some fine specimens of Norman horses. Mr. Lesan was elected justice of the peace of Liberty Township in 1862, which office he resigned to enlist in the defense of his countr)'. Soon after his return from the army he was elected trustee of Liberty Township, and a member of the Board of Supervisors under the old law, which posi- tion he filled until he was elected sheriff of Ringgold Count)-, in 1868, assuming the duties of that office January i, 1869, serving in that capacity for two years. He also held the office of postmaster at Mt. Ayr for two years, until 1871. In that year he returned to his farm, and soon after was elected justice of the peace, which office he has since filled with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents, and during his term of office he has never had a case of his appealed to the higher courts, but he has had his decision sustained. Mr. Lesan is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church for over thirty * ♦ :♦: :♦; ;♦: :♦; :♦: >: ;♦: :♦■ ;♦; :^«f >: ;♦: :* >: >; ;♦• >• >; ;♦; >• >: ;«; :♦: >: •♦: •♦; >; ;♦; ;♦;-♦: ♦; :♦: ♦: ♦: «: >: :♦; ;♦; ♦; :♦: ;♦: ;♦: :♦: :♦: •♦: •♦; ;♦: >: « ♦: .♦: :♦: ♦• >: > >■ >' »■ > >■ >• •♦• •♦ >■ •♦ :♦ :♦; > ^.♦..♦..♦..♦,>,.'»i*;»..»..***>..».*>.>.;«'>;**;.».>:;c**>:.«i*:«;;*;.».*;*;.»;.»,,*..*..'»;*.»:** :«:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:<»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::*: :♦::♦: ;«•:♦< :♦;;♦: >;»: :♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: *j^ ♦H :♦!:♦: :*.:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: 'ff.% >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :'«:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :^>: :♦::« >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:!«>: :♦::« :♦::♦: :<••:♦: *^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; >:':»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::*: :«::♦: :♦"♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: *'.4; :♦::♦: :«;:♦: :♦;:* ■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::«>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦; :♦::♦: %;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:»; lo: :♦;*• :♦:>: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: !«:♦: :«:♦: :♦::« ;♦;;♦: .*"♦:♦:;♦; :♦•»; ■♦♦: '♦♦' '♦♦ '♦♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ '♦: ♦ ♦: ♦"♦' ♦ * :♦:♦: :♦'♦' :♦.♦: ;♦..♦: .♦;♦: ♦,:♦: ,♦ ♦: > .♦: .♦.-♦;■ :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: >♦: :♦::♦: :*'*: :♦'♦: ;♦;■«■: ♦.:♦: :♦.:♦: ♦ ♦: ■♦>: '♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦'♦: '♦ ♦' ♦ * * » ♦ * :♦.♦: :♦■■♦; :♦:♦: » ♦ ♦' '♦ ♦' ;♦♦. :♦"♦: ■♦'♦; :♦'♦; ♦ ♦ :♦♦: »' '♦>: ♦;♦: '*.*. :♦:♦; :♦ ♦: *♦: '♦::♦: ■♦:♦: :♦;♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ « ♦ :♦ • ;♦ ♦: ♦.♦, ♦>: :*.*'. '*'.*: ♦. ♦. ♦ -. ♦ ♦ ♦.♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 361 years, and has held many of the offices of his church, such as class-leader, and super- intendent of the Sabbath-school. He is one of the respected citizens of Liberty Town- ship, having by his honorable dealings gained the confidence of all who know him. kENRY H. ROSS was born in Liv- ingston County, Missouri, nearChilli- cothe, .\ugust 1 1, 1840, the eldest son of Thomas and Martha (McMillan) Ross, who are of Scotch descent, the father born in Ohio and the mother in Kentucky. The mother of our subject went to Illi- nois when seventeen years of age, where she was married, and soon after went with her husband to Missouri where he fol- lowed the teacher's profession. In 1849 they moved to Wapello County, Iowa, and the year 1859, came to Ringgold County, where the father followed his profession, being among the first school-teachers of Mount Ayr. He is still living in Ringgold County. The parents of our subject had a family of thirteen children, of whom only five — four sons and one daughter — survive. Henry H. Ross passed his youth in Wa- pello County, Iowa, where he attended the district schools. He came to Ringgold County, Iowa, in 1859, ^"^ attended school at Osceola till the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, when he enlisted in Com- pany M, Third Iowa Cavalry, and was in the Western department. He was capt- ured at the battle of Pea Ridge, but was soon after exchanged. He was mustered out of the service in August, 1865, at Dav- enport, Iowa, after serving his country faithfully for four years. He then re- turned to Mt. Ayr, where he taught school for thirty-si.\ months. In 1867 he was elected county superintendent of schools. He was married in 1867 to Miss Marv Doze, daughter of Peter Doze, one of the early settlers of Ringgold County. They have two ciiildrcn living — Minnie and Eunice McClintock. Mr. Ross was elected county surveyor, and served as such four years. In 1879 he was elected to the same office, holding the position the four years following. He was elected county auditor in the fall of 1885, which office he still holds, to the entire satisfac- tion of his constituents. Mr. Ross is a member of the Grand Army of the Re- public. ILLIAM H. HAVILAND,arepre- %\i\\'< tentative of one of the oldest fami- l^c^rri lies of Washington Township, was born on the old homestead in Washington Township, Ringgold Count)', Iowa, July 6, 1862. His father, William A. Haviland, was a native of Canada. He came to Illi- nois when a young man, and was married in that State to Mary J. Skidmore. He subsequently came to Ringgold County, Iowa, with his family, which then consisted of his wife and two children, when he set- tled on a farm which is still occupied by our subject. The farm then contained 160 acres of raw prairie land, entirely unim- proved. The father being a carpenter, im- mediately erected a small log liouse for his family, and began improving his farm, but later in life resumed working at his trade. He was an industrious citizen, and was one of the most respected men in Washington Township, where he resided so many years. He died August 27, 1885, leaving a wife and three children — Elzina, wife of R. A. SjiLMice, of Mt. Ayr; John A., and Will- iam H., our subject. The mother is now in her sixty-second year, and is making her home with our subject, on the old home- stead. The father was a member of the Masonic fraternity. At his death he left a well-cultivated farm, containing 150 acres, which was purchased by our subject, he ♦ ♦ .♦ >■ >>. >.♦' '<- ♦ .♦ ♦, ;♦,♦ :♦ ♦ :♦:♦ .♦.♦. ;♦-♦: :♦♦. ♦ ♦ .♦ * > / ♦ ♦. p ♦ :♦,♦ ♦ » ♦ ♦ .♦*; .♦ .♦, < >, ♦ t ♦ » «■.*>;! >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: »::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:»: v%:« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: SK*; :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: •♦"♦; •»:♦; »: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦> :♦>: >::♦: '♦:•»: :«::♦; :♦;;♦: *::♦: »"♦: :♦;:« :■♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦; ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ?»::♦: :♦::*: >;:«•: ;♦::*: ■♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: *:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :*::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: :•♦::♦; ;•*•;:♦: >:* '*'.'*'. :«:;♦: •»:>; :♦;.♦: 363 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. having bought the interests of the other heirs. William H. Haviland was married February 19, 1882, to Miss Tillie Yachack, who was born in Ringgold County, Iowa, a daughter of Wentzal Yachack, a Bohe- mian by birth. They are the parents ot two children — Ethel V. and Vella I. Mr. Haviland is classed among the successful stock-raisers in his neighborhood, being principally engaged in raising cattle and hogs. -o— <5-< H^-k;-^ AVID PRESTON, a successful farmer of Liberty Township, residing on sec- tion 30, is a native of Washington County, Pennsylvania, born near Monon- gahela City, January 3, 1833, his parents, Bernard and Margaret (Williams) Preston, being natives of the same county, the mother dying in Washington County in 1852. Of a family of ten children born to them seven still survive, our subject, David Preston, being the fifth child. He passed his youth on the home farm, remaining in his native county until the spring of 1856, when he came to Ringgold County, Iowa, and settled on sections 30 and 31, Liberty Township, where he began to improve the land which at that time was raw, unbroken prairie. His first house was built of logs, with a clapboard roof, its size being 16 x 17 feet. Mr. Preston was married in 1862 ot Miss Ann Eliza Lorimer, a native of Ohio, but at the time of her marriage living in Madison County, Iowa. She died in Au- gust, 1 88 1, leaving three children — Jessie M., wife of Brown Thompson ; E. K. and Nellie. Mr. Preston was again married in April, 1884, to Miss Anna Wirt, who was also a native of Ohio and a daughter of Joseph Wirt, of Ringgold County. In February, 1859, ^^'"- Preston was appointed sheriff of Ringgold County to fill a va- cancy caused by the resignation of Samuel Allison. After holding the office of sher- iff for one year Mr. Preston went to Col- orado where he was successfully engaged in mining gold. Two years later he re- turned to Ringgold County and has since been actively engaged in farming and stock-raising, his cattle and horses being of a high grade. His farm is mostly seeded to grass. His rude log house has given place to his present commodious residence, the old clapboard roof of the former being now on the roof of his barn. Both Mr. and Mrs. Preston are members of the Method- ist Episcopal church, and respected citi- zens of Libert}' Township. Bernard Pres- ton came to Ringgold County about six months after his son, David Preston, settled here, and died in Liberty Township in 1873. fONATHAN STUCK, farmer, section 4, Lott's Creek Township, is among the leading agriculturists and old pio- neers of Ringgold County. He was born in Union County, Pennsylvania, July 30, 1828, son of Jonathan and Elizabeth Stuck. He was the third of four children, and was reared a farmer. At the age of fourteen years he learned the tailor's trade, and fol- lowed that occupation four years. He then removed to Lucas County, Ohio, where he resided three years, thence to Seneca County, Ohio. In 1852 he was married to Miss Anna Paine, and their two children were Henry and Franklin. In 1855 Mr. Stuck removed to Missouri, where Mrs. Stuck died the same year. July 14, 1855, he came to Ringgold Count}- and entered 160 acres of land from the Government at $1.25 per acre. His first residence was a log cabin, i6x 18 feet, with puncheon floor. He has since added to his farm until he owns 349 acres, and his farm is known to be one of the best in the township. He has a good, one-and-a-half-story residence, modern style and well furnished, sur- :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :«::♦: >::«: »::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦"♦: :•»::« ;♦;:« ;♦:;« :<»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;•»: :♦::♦: :♦::«>: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: :♦:•••: >::♦: :♦"♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦:;«: :♦::♦: w.v. :«:♦: »•:♦: >:>: >::♦: :♦::*: :-»"'»: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦::«; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦; W.'ff. :■»;.♦: .*:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦; '!»;>; ;♦::♦: >"'•: »:>: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;>: :♦;:♦•: •♦■♦; ff *'.'*. ;♦::•»;;♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ^. ;♦,* ;♦.♦ :♦:♦' >::♦: :♦;>: :♦"♦: jti>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦:♦; ♦;« :♦::♦: »>: ;♦«« :♦.:« :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; »: :♦:;« »::« >;>: :«:>: :♦::♦: »: >:>: >:>: :♦;:♦: »; :♦.!« >::♦: :♦::•: :«:♦: »>: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :«::♦: »:♦: :*:♦: :«::♦: »: ;«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :«:♦: ;♦■'♦; :«:»; »:'♦: :♦♦ :♦<■ > - rounded with shade and ornamental trees, out-buildings for stock, an orchard, and everything about the place indicates the thrift of the proprietor. In 1857 Mr. Stuck married Miss Mary Hollister, a native of Greene County, Indiana, and they have eleven children — Elizabeth, Mary Ann, John, Jacob Lincoln, James Manuel, Lu- cinda, Peter, Daniel, Charlie, Martha and Joseph. Mr. Stuck came to Ringgold County with very little means, but by in- dustry and good management he has ac- quired a large property. Postofficc, Cale- donia. IHRISTIAN WALTERS, one of the pioneers of Union Township, and an active and public-spirited citizen of Ringgold County, was born in Richland County, Ohio, December 29, iSji.thc ninth child of Conrad and Susan (Coffman) Wal- ters, who were born and reared in Alle- gheny County, Pennsylvania, and after their marriage settled in Ohio. After the mother's death the father was again mar- ried, and by his second wife had a family of eight children. Eleven children were born to his first wife, who was the mother of our subject. He passed his boyhood on the home farm, remaining with his parents till seventeen years of age. He then served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's and car- riage-maker's trade, which he followed for several years, being engaged in business for himself part of the time. In 1857 he came to Ringgold County, Iowa, and bought at school-land sales six eighty-acre lots located in Union, Monroe and Tinglcy Townships, and commenced improving part of his land. In the spring of 1859 '1^ disposed of these lands at an advance on the purchase price, leaving iiinisclf 160 acres on section 23, Union Township, a part of his present homestead. He had at this time about §1,500 with which to make improvements on his land, and immedi- ately began to build a house, which he afterward rented. He became a contractor and builder, and erected, by contract, six- teen school-houses, fourteen in Ringgold County and two in Decatur County. In 1864, wishing for a change and new enter- prises, Mr. Walters went overland to Cali- fornia as builder and freighter, and was engaged in contract work in that State for two years, returning to this county in 1866, by the Isthmus of Panama and New York Cit}-. He was married in Crawford Coun- ty, Ohio, December 5, 1867, to Miss Mar- garet Dickson, who was born in that county in 1842, a daughter of George and Agnes Dickson, and a sister of John and George Dickson, of Union Township, this county. Of the nine children born to this union, seven are living— Agnes, Charles, Lcona, Jap, Cary, OIlie and Bert. Two children died in infancy. In 1876 Mr. Walters brought his family to Mt. Ayr, where he lived four years, improving a farm near that city. He owned 100 acres adjoining that place and 320 acres one and a half miles distant, improving both of these farms, where he built good houses, and also erected a fine residence in Mt. Ayr. He subsequently disposed of to advantage his property at and near Mt. Ayr. Mr. Wal- ters came to Ringgold County a poor man, the little capital he had being mainly bor- rowed ; but industry and energy com- bined with good business qualifications and a determination to succeed have en- abled him to win, and he is now numbered among Ringgold County's wealthiest men. He has led an active business life, which failing health alone has n(jw in a great measure compelled him to relinquish, yet lie is and has been for manv vcars success- fully engaged in stock-raising, and in the past years he was extensively engaged in buying and shi|)ping stock — his iiorses West and his cattle and hogs to the Eastern ;♦.♦. .♦ * >> >■» :■■ ♦ ■> ♦ >.♦, ;♦* :«:>: »: >;:♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦.;♦: :♦:.♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :*:>: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:* >■>: >>: >.:♦: :♦"♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦.;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•; >;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:* ;♦::♦: :♦;:« >:;»: :♦::♦: >"♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;* >;:♦: ;♦:>: :«>: >:♦: :«::«: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >:♦: > * :♦..♦. :♦::♦. »: »■ :♦ ♦ \* * >♦ >,♦ :♦ ♦ > ♦ > « ;♦,♦: >:♦; :♦:.♦: »: 'm. ;♦;■♦: :♦'♦: > ♦ * * :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: >;:♦: :♦::*; ;♦::♦; :♦;;*: >::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: >::<•; :«•:*: ;♦::«; •»:s ■*■■'■: ;*:.:■: :♦;;*; !♦;'*) :♦;;*■: ;♦;■»; ;*;*: ;*:•: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::*■; ■»::*: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;>: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:<; :♦::•>: :«•:>: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; >::♦; :♦::*: :«•:♦; :♦:'*; :♦::*; :♦;:♦: *;:■♦■: ;♦;;•«• ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: >;>; :«•:;*; :<>>: ;*•':■>: >'■■>: ;♦::♦: i*;:a :«;.-'■ ;♦:>' :*>•• ■<>:» :♦;;♦: •♦"*: :♦:>: >:>; :♦::♦; :♦::«; :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;>; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::>»; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :*>: ;♦:;♦: :♦;;«•) :<•:;♦•; :♦"«•; :♦:;*; ;♦.♦. :♦:.♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦; ;*■»; ♦ .f: >:•>■ >;;♦: ;♦;;♦; :*:;♦; >:;♦: :♦:;♦: >■•*■ >:'*:c*:<>>:>>"*"'»"*"*.:c*:c*"*:>"*"*"*:*"c*>"*»"c*:>::*:.v.>::^^^^^ •>:>;*::c*::c*::c«:>::«::c*;>"c*:»i*;;< 364 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. markets. His real estate now amounts to about 1,450 acres, his home farm contain- ing 1,200 acres of finely-improved land. In his political views Mr. Walters is a Demo- crat. He is a member of Ivy Lodge, I. O. O. F., at Grand River, Decatur Count)% Iowa. jNIrs. Walter's father died at the residence of our subject in 1S80, while here on a visit. *»J:>- -«S^lG«- -<=«► PILLIAM LUCAS, one of the first settlers of Union Township, settled i^T%^ on section 6, in August, 1855. He entered over 1,000 acres of land, giving to each of his children 120 acres of prairie, and twenty acres of timber land. He has been a hard-working man, and has assisted materially in the development of his town- ship. Mr. Lucas was born in Maryland, but when seven years of age was taken to Ohio, where he was reared. He married Margaret Carson, and to them were born eleven children, seven of whom came to Iowa with the parents, and one was born in Ringgold County. These are — Eliza- beth, EmeHne, Sarah, Margaret (deceased), William L., Elreta, Oscar and Byron. Mr. Lucas died February 2, 1876, aged seventy- six years. His widow survives him, and is still a resident of Ringgold County. IPHRAIM H. LONGACRE, section Ks- 4. Riley Township, was born in Mon- roe County, Ohio, July 11, 1851, a son of Daniel and Octavia Longacre. In 1866 his parents moved to Iowa and located on section 3, Riley Township, Ringgold County, on the farm now owned by M. Benedict. In 1874 they moved to Decatur County, and settled near Van Wert, where the father died in 1882, and the mother still lives. Their family consisted of lour chil- dren — Fanny, deceased ; Ephraim H., Mrs. Jane Cook and Mrs. Susan Elvira Benedict. Ephraim H. Longacre left the home roof when nineteen years of age, and has since been acting for himself and adding to his material prosperity year by year. He is a young man of good habits and fine business ability and is considered one of Riley Township's most substantial citizens. He owns 420 acres of valuable land, all but twenty acres being under cultivation. His homestead is one of the best in Ringgold County, and contains eighty acres of choice land. Mr. Longacre was married April 3, 1876, to Miss A. S. Foster, who was born in 1856, a daughter of Andrew Foster. The)' have six children — Merritt, Grace, Daniel W., Walter, Eveline and Ray. In politics Mr. Longacre affiliates with the Re- publican party. maasa/^^^ K4— rt^-Sl^OTWvi fH. BEESON, farmer, section 19, Clin- ton Township, was born in Mont- gomery County, Ohio, October 28, 1829. His parents were Jesse and Mary (Woodhouse) Beeson, the former a native of North Carolina and the latter of Ohio. They reared three children — J. H., Mar- garet and Lucinda. When J. H. was five years of age he had the misfortune to lose his father by death. During his early life he worked on a farm and attended the common schools. He was married March 28, 1850, to Miss Eliza Ann Wertz, born in Darke County, Ohio, and reared in Miami County, daughter of John and Catharine (Bartmassi Wertz. A short time after his marriage he removed to Cass County, Indiana, where he remained three years; then removed to Fulton County where he resided until 185S; then came to Ringgold County and settled upon his present farm. He came by teams, and was on the road ♦"♦"♦:*:>;:*:»"**>:*"*:*"*:*::*>:;:>>::cc«»;:c*;:*:;*::*"cc*^ ♦:>;:*:*;;*>:*\«>:»::*;»;»::*;if;:c*:*icc«cc<*:cc*;:c*>:;^^^^ ■:♦::♦:;♦:;♦::♦"♦>"♦»♦;:*;♦"♦>>"♦"♦"♦: ♦:>:>:i»;:*»;:ccc*»»;:c*:>;: :♦::♦; :♦:>: > *: :«>] ■♦!>; >>* ;» >: :♦:>: ;♦;>: ;*■::•>: ♦->: '.v"S'\ •»•;:♦: :♦:;»; ■>'*; :*>: :♦>; >:;♦: y •! *:;<■: »: ♦:>: v'Sf. ♦■>: ♦.:*■; >s ,♦:;♦; ♦ •»; .♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: •»•:♦; ■»:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:>; >:>' :♦>: >■>: >:>: '.«■'.'>'. ;♦:>: :♦;:♦; !♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: ;»:>; :o:>; ;♦:♦; >"♦; :♦'>: >;>; '♦:>: ■•»":*; ■*♦: >::+: ;♦:.♦: >■>: :♦!!♦.' >:•♦; :♦;>; :♦;:♦; :»:5»: :♦;:♦; :♦:>; >;;«•: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: ♦;s >:;♦) >■>: :♦;:♦: >:>: >:;♦; >]>: ;♦'>; >:.♦! >■* :<■!>: ;*:♦: :♦':♦: >"•; ::♦"♦:♦ ♦■ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 863 :♦::♦ :♦::♦: »:>: >::♦: !«»: »::« »:;♦: »:> :♦;:♦ >:v. «.♦. k:«: !•:'« ■»•'♦: . ». ■ ♦ .♦«■■ :♦;:♦: '♦■«■: j» ♦ !♦:♦ 5^ seven weeks. In i860 he built a log cab- in on his land. 16 x 18 feet. In 1877 he built the house he now occupies. It is in modern style and well furnished. He has a good barn, 24 x 32 feet, native groves, a good orchard, and is engaged in gen- eral farming and stock-raising. Mr. and Mrs. Beeson have six children — William Perry, Sarah Emeline, Mary Adaline, Francis Marion, Joseph Asbury and Ora Alice. They have fifteen grandchildren. Mr. Beeson has served as township trustee and member of the School Board. Polit- ically he is a Republican. He started in life without means, but by industry, economy and good management he has acquired a good property. PostofTice, Morniontown. » ♦ • ♦ » ♦ 366 HISTORr OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. •>>>:;*::o>>;;'»ijK>:>>>;: ■,♦. ■••:♦: :♦::♦; ■»::*■; :♦:;♦" ■■/(•: ♦; :♦:*: *■:♦; ■*;:♦; ■».:♦; :♦:;*: :«■■♦: :♦:;♦: Ohio, living there until the summer of 1865, when he removed to Ringgold County, Iowa, and settled on section 16, Union Township. In 1884 he left the farm and removed to Wirt, and has since given his attention to the hotel and livery business. He has been successful in his business trans- actions, and although a poor man when he came to Iowa, now has a competency for his declining years. He has held several offices of trust in the township. He was appointed postmaster at Union Hill under Johnson's administration and held the posi- tion seven years. He has served as justice of the peace eight years. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders. I^^EORGE LILES, a prosperous and en- terprising farmer of Union Township, living on section 3, was born in Ross County, Ohio, September 21, 1828, a son of Lemuel and Hannah Liles, the father a na- tive of Tennessee, and the mother born in Pennsylvania, of Dutch descent. They moved with their family to Ohio in an early day, where both died, the mother in 1852, and the father in 1875, in his ninety- seventh year. They were the parents of fourteen children — ten sons and four daugh- ters, of whom our subject was the ninth child. Thirteen of the children grew to maturity, and at present seven are yet liv- ing. George Liles was reared on a farm and early in life inured to toil. He grew to manhood in Logan County, Ohio, and was there married July 13, 1854, to Miss Hannah Cooper, a native of Hardin Coun- ty, Ohio, born December 4, 1835, ^ daugh- ter of William and Sarah Cooper. To Mr. and Mrs. Liles have been born thirteen children, of whom eight are living — Joseph G., at home; Aramintia, wife of Samuel Donavan of Union Township; Lemuel, at home; Ruth, wife of William Dickson of Union Township ; Julia, John, Emma Agnes and Birt, living at home. Four died in in- fancy, and one son, Franz Sigle, died at the age of sixteen years. Mr. Liles resided in Hardin County, Ohio, one year after his marriage, and in the fall of 1855 located in Davis County, Iowa, where he followed farming and coal mining for several years. In January, 1865, he visited Ringgold County, when he purchased 160 acres of John Paine, who had built a small cabin on the farm and opened twenty acres, and the same spring brought his family to their new home, where they have since resided, Mr. Liles made his first money in Ohio, in cutting hoop poles, stave bolts, etc. When he reached Davis County, he had but $240 in cash and a team. There he bought a farm of 120 acres for $1,000, making his payments principally with the money he earned at coal-mining, and by his industri- ous habits and strict economy he has ac- quired from small beginnings a good prop- erty and is now the owner of a good home; and by his honorable and industrious life he has gained the confidence and respect of the entire community. Mr. Liles has never allowed unfavorable weather to in- terrupt the usual farm operations, believ- ing that seed time and harvest are prom- ised, and he has never failed to merit and receive fair returns for labor. In politics Mr. Liles is a Republican. In his religious faith he believes in the doctrine of the United Brethren denomination. Mrs. Liles is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. I||ILLIAM H. BARNES, one of the enterprising and influential citizens of Riley Township, residing on section 10, was born in Marion County, Ohio, January 11, 1841, a son of Benjamin and Cornelia (Boynton) Barnes, the father born and reared in Delaware, and the ;♦;>.<■•: .*■::♦; :♦:♦; :♦:«>: ;♦:;♦; :♦::« :♦;:♦: '»>:''. :*■■■^: 't*:s. :♦;:<•: :♦;;•«• :♦:»: >"-: '*. ^>. :♦:•»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >;.^; :♦;;♦•: :♦:*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦•:♦• :♦;•♦•: :♦::♦: :♦::*■: :♦:»: :♦::♦: ■»:<>: ;■♦::<•: :♦::«•; :♦::♦: ;■»;;♦; :«::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: •»::*■; *:-H :♦;>: :<■>; :•»;:♦: :♦;:♦: ■»::♦: :♦;>; :♦:■»■: ;♦:;*: :♦::•«■; .*:»: :•»:»; :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦•: 'iCft. :♦::♦: :<*::♦; :♦;:•; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »'>! 'fi'.f>. :♦:♦' :♦':♦. :♦;:«■: >■>■ :♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::<»■: *::♦: :♦::♦: )»::♦; ;♦::•; :♦;;♦: :■»;:♦: :■♦;:♦; 'fCfr. :♦::♦: ;••;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;■«•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«': :♦;!♦: :♦;;♦; *;♦: /»■:♦;:♦:;*;♦;;♦;> ft* e* *>: >;:♦ »>! *i^ :«::♦: :♦::♦! >:>: >:>: >::«; >:>: :♦:>: :♦;>: :♦:>: 1^ ;♦"♦: »: :♦::♦: »; >;:♦; 1^ :♦>: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦>: >:>: !♦:>: *«♦; :♦>: :«:« •Aim :«:« »: *:>: :*>: !«* :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦'♦: ;♦.♦: :♦♦ > ♦ :♦ ♦. :«>: .*:♦: :«:♦: >::«: :«:>: :«>: :♦::♦: ;♦-♦; :«.:♦: 3»>; «;«£ :♦:>: :♦:»: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦:.♦: »::♦: »::♦: »>: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:♦ :♦>, ■< BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 867 mother a native of Vermont, but reared in New York State. The father died in Ma- rion County, Ohio, June 6,)i840, aged fifty- four years. He left three children — Lydia, now living in Indianola, Iowa, married George W. Longaker, who enlisted in the Thirteenth Ohio Infantry, and died in the service of his country; William H., the subject of this sketch, and Benjamin O., who enlisted in Company C, Forty-eighth Iowa Infantry, and died at Rock Island, Illinois. Our subject was reared in his na- tive county. His father dying when he was only eight years old, he was in early life thrown on his own resources, his youth being spent in toil. Receiving fair educa- tional advantages, he made the most of his opportunities, and became a well-informed man. In i86i he came to Iowa, locating in Decatur County, where he engaged in agri- cultural pursuits, remaining there till May 22, 1864, when he enlisted in Company C, Forty-eighth Iowa Infantry, and was with his regiment at Rock Island and Chicago, Illinois, guarding rebel prisoners. During the last year of the war Mr. Barnes was active in recruiting his company, and on its organization he was commissioned Second Lieutenant. He was honorably dis- charged, October 20, 1865, when he re- turned to Decatur County, Iowa. Desiring to better educate himself, he entered Simp- son Centenary College, at Indianola, in 1865, attending that institution four years. In 1 868 his mother and stepfather, Harvey Bonham, who had come West with him, moved to his farm in Riley Township, liv- ing there some nine years. After leaving college Mr. Barnes followed the teacher's profession, in which he was very success- ful. Mr. Barnes bought 100 acres of his present property in 1865, although he did not locate there till the year 1868. This property is known by old settlers as the Riley farm, having been at one time the home of Robert H. Riley, the pioneer set- tler of the township, and in whose honor, at the suggestion of Mr. Barnes, the town- ship, when organized, was named. Mr. Barnes has added to his original purchase, 160 acres, and has made it one of the best farms in his neighborhood, where he is still engaged in farming. Mr. Barnes was united in marriage, November 13, 1884, to Miss Maggie A. Sinco, born in Decatur County, Iowa, November 2, 1854, a daughter of Henry and Jane Sinco, of whom her father is now deceased. Her mother now lives at Kellerton. They have one child — Virgin, born October 16, 1885. In politics Mr. Barnes is identified with the Republican party. He has held the office of township clerk since the township was organized, with the exception of perhaps three years, and all the time has been secretary of the School Board. He has served three years as a member of the County Board of Su- pervisors, and has twice been elected as- sessor. „ D. THRIFT, section 2, Grant ,j Township, was born in North "' Carolina, October 29, 1825, a son of David and Lydia Thrift. In 1845 he left his native State and went to Indiana, and from there came to Iowa, and lived a year in Appanoose County. In 1852 he moved to Lucas County and worked at the blacksmith's trade three years, in Chariton, and in 1855 located on the farm where he now lives, in Ringgold County. His farm contains 100 acres of valuable land, and his improvements are among the best in the township. Mr. Thrift was married in Iowa to Sarah Dodd, a native of Virginia, born in 1832. daughter of Reed and Arena Dodd. They have had six children — A. J. (de- ceased), Eli, L. L., Martha, Mary and Sophronia. August 9, 1862, Mr. Thrift en- listed in the war of the Rebellion, and was assigned to Company G, Twenty-ninth * » > ♦ :♦ <■ * 1 ,♦ \ .* •■ ;♦.♦ >■.♦. ;♦ ♦ > ♦ > * > ■<; »: >.♦: > ♦ ♦ ♦ « « 368 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. :*:•*. ;*"*! :♦: ■:fi. ■-.;«•; :>:;♦: ■«;;♦: ■*:♦; >::♦; »: :■>»: ;->::♦; :*::♦) :♦■::<•: ■*•>: ■«■'♦: :■♦;;♦: :♦:♦: ■>:*: '♦"♦: :♦::<>; :•) ■*' :■!•::«: ;<■•;:■»; :♦:♦: :•*::*: :♦;:♦: ;«•:>: :*♦: :♦;:♦: >■'*■ :«•<>: >■«: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦::<■: ;♦: ♦! ''.:•>' > ♦: :*:.♦: :♦':«: '4> ♦; ;•';«: •»:•»: Iowa Infantry, and served one year. He is a member of James Conway Post, No. 285, G. A. R. In politics he is a Repub- lican. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and is still living, and in the enjoy- ment of good health. ••H*^ -'-♦«- ■<^^ fAINIES BEARD was born in Brown County, Ohio, in Higginsport, on the banks of the Ohio River, December 20, 1844, the eldest son of Daniel and Cath- erine Beard, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio respectively. The father of our sub- ject moved with his parents from Pennsyl- vania to Ohio in 1S09, he being then six years of age, and in that State he grew to manhood and learned the cooper's trade. He was married to Catherine Richardson, and to them were born seven children — two sons and five daughters. The family sub- sequently removed to Indiana, where the father died, in March, 1859. After his death, in 1869, the mother and her children came to Ringgold County, Iowa. The mother is still Uving, and is now making her home in California. James Beard lived in his native county till about nine years of age, when he accompanied his parents to Indiana, where he was reared to manhood and educated in the common schools. He enlisted in the service of his country at the age of sixteen years, being a member of Company A, Forty-third In- diana Infantry. He participated in the battles of Island No. 10, New Madrid and Fort Pillow, and from there went to Mem- phis, thence up White River, where he took part in other engagements. He was wounded at the battle of Helena, receiv- ing a fracture of the bone in his left thigh, which disabled him for seven months. He rejoined his regiment the following Octo- ber, and in March following was taken prisoner at Mark's Mills, when he was sent to Tyler, Texas, where he was placed in the stockade, remaining there till August 15, when he made his escape. He traveled northward through Texas and Arkansas, but w\as recaptured after seventeen days' hard traveling, his principal food during this time being raw corn. He was taken back to Tyler, Texas, where he was kept prisoner until Februar)', 1865, when he was exchanged. He then went to New- Orleans, where he received a furlough for thirty days. He was mustered out with his regiment at Indianapolis, Indiana, in June, 1865, after serving four years. He then returned to Parke County, Indiana, where he remained until 1869. He was married in 1866 to Miss Aurelia J. Ogden, of Parke Count}-, Indiana. He came to Ringgold County, Iowa, in 1869, where he has since followed agricultural pursuits. Mr. Beard was elected sheriff of Ringgold County in the fall of 1883, and re-elected to the same office in the fall of 1885, which po- sition he still holds to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. Mr. Beard is a member of the Odd Fellows order, Ancient Order of United Workmen, and the Grand Army of the Republic. Mr. and Mrs. Beard are the parents of six children — two sons and four daughters. r; :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦; .•>■>; ;< ;v: '•* ■*. ■*:♦; >::♦: :♦::«: :♦;:♦: !♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦;♦ :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦:»: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦':♦: >: .-?•: ■♦ ♦' :♦::♦: :♦::«•: :♦;:«: :«:>: :*■•♦: ;*■■«■■ :<»:>: ;♦.>: ■♦>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; >:;♦: ;♦:!♦' ■*;:♦: >::♦■ >:;*■ ♦ » :♦::♦: :♦;♦: ■*■>■ >;.* '♦;<' :♦::*•: ;♦::♦: ;♦;♦; ;♦:;♦: >::♦: >;>: ;♦> >:;♦; ;♦:;«• ;«;;♦: >:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :»::♦; :♦::«■: :<•■«■: :«::-.•>: :♦:>; :•►::♦: ;♦:••• :♦.;♦; :♦;;♦: ;*:♦; ;♦::•: :♦::♦: :•»:*: :♦:;♦: :*.;«•; .♦.'♦! ;-<■ >■ '•* « .0 >. :■♦*: >.«■: ■«;♦' :♦;;♦; M PROPRIETOR OF THE RINCCOLD RECORD MT. ACE, IOWA it::*: !«i:*: :♦::♦: m >:♦: :♦:«: :«.:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: j»::*: :♦;:«: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«; :«::*: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;;* :'»;:«: :♦;:♦: «:♦: :♦::*: ;♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦.:«'. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦::«>; :♦::♦: :•::♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦; :<'♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :»::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :«:'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«'; :«::♦: :♦::*: :«:« :♦::'*': :«::♦: :«»: :♦:>: >::♦: :«:♦: »::« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::« :♦::♦: :•::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :*:♦; »::♦: :♦::*; »::♦: :«:«: :♦::« :c«i :♦::«: :♦::«: »::•: :«»: «:« :«:♦: :«*: »::♦: :♦::♦: :*j»: »'•♦• BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. :171 school education, after which he taught school about four years. In 1873 '^c came to Ringgold County. In 1 876 he purchased a half interest in the Riiigi^old Record, the Republican newspaper of the county. In about a year his partner expressed a will- ingness to buy or sell. Mr. -Stephens con- cluded to buy. He has reiiiained in this busuiess ever since- He started without a dollar, and has made his way entirely un- aided- He has evinced that kind of perse- verance that never fails to win success. The Record, under his administration, has grown from a poorly-printed little sheet, with a very poor outfit indeed, to the dignity of a tine-looking paper, occupying a two-story brick building of its own. Mr. Stephens was married in Litchfield, Con- necticut, in 1876, to Miss Adelia Morse, and thev have one child. fAMESM. SIMPSON, section 17, Jef- ferson Township,' was born in Greene Count}-, Tennessee, December 26, 1832, his father, John Simpson, being a native of Montgomery County, Virginia, and was a miller b)- trade. The father was a Lieu- tenant in the war of 1812. The grand- father of our subject, Allen Simpson, was a Captain during the war of the Revolution and was wounded at the battle of Mon- mouth. Our subject passed his boyhood days on a farm in Fountain County, In- diana, to which county his parents removed in 1836, his mother flying there the same year. His father died in 1844, after which he lived with a farmer, named Joiin Starns. His ciiucation was receiveil in the scnools of Fountain County, he attending the log- cabin subscri[)tion schools, and in 1842 be- gan attending the free schools which were organized there about that time. He be- gan teaching school at the age of sixteen y-AV^. ani] taught till he had bought his time for which he i)aicl ^150, receiving ;^i2 a month. He then attended school at Bloomingdale, Indiana, where he was a fel- low student with Hon. Joe Cannon, Con- gressman for Illinois, after which he taught a select school in Montgomery, Indiana. He went to Rock Island, Illinois, in 1S53, and taught a subscription school on Buffalo Prairie until March, 1854, and while there he saw the first train that reached the Mis- sissippi River. He then went to Oberlin College, Ohio, and while there was taken sick. On recovering his health he taught in his former school for a time. In Au- gust, 1855, he went over part of Iowa on foot, and while on this tramp, was overtaken by General Crocker who took him into his buggy. He returned to Indiana in Sep- tember, 1855, where he taught till the spring of 1858. He was married June 10, 1856, to Jane E. Gilkey, a native of Mont- gomery County, Indiana, and a daughter of William Gilkey. They have had nine children born to thein, of whom six arc liv- ing — Maggie, Allen, Myra, Martha, Ella and Nancy E. He went to Ford County, Illinois, in the spring of 1858, and there en- gaged in farming and stock-raising. While living in Ford County he had his barn blown down, and his horses killed by a tornado. He returned to Indiana the same year, and in the spring of 1861 returned to Ford County, Illinois, where he worked on his farm, and at nights wrotoforthe Craw- fordsville/£7«r«fl/, of which he was editor. He helped to organize the Re|niblican party, and was the Republican candidate for Montgomery County, Indiana, in 1874, and although his township was largelvDem- ocratic, he carried it by cightv majority. He became a resident of Ringgold Coun ty, Iowa, in September, 1875, when he settled on his present farm. Since coming to this county he has been very successful in ids agricultural pursuits, and has in hi< home farm 480 acres of well-iiuproved land. * ♦ .♦.♦. ♦,>; >.;♦. :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: i^ :♦.♦: :♦:♦ :♦> ;♦.:♦; :•:'»: :♦.:*: '.i>'f>. ;♦„♦: :♦::«: :♦>; ;♦;:•; ;♦>: :♦>: :♦:♦ :♦:♦ :♦> :♦>! :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: >!:«: :♦::♦: *!* :♦:♦: :♦:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: m :♦;:'»: :♦::« :<•::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: ^;* ;♦':♦: *;;♦; :•:;« 3»':* :♦>" :♦ > :♦> :♦.♦ :♦> ;♦.♦ ;♦>; :♦> ;♦> :♦.♦ ;♦ ♦. > ♦ :♦♦. :♦:.♦: :♦.:♦. ;♦;:■« ;♦;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:♦; ;♦:;♦: >■.♦' '<• ♦. *♦' :♦♦ :♦.♦ »■■♦ ■♦• *>; :♦';♦; :♦:>; ■♦•:<> :♦:.*; >::♦: >■;♦; »; v:>: ■•>!>; :■;■>; ;■»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; ;♦:>; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :*::«5 :«::♦: :♦::♦•; :♦;>; :«:>; :♦::* :•»::♦; ;♦:>; ;*:>; ■<■:>; >"♦; ;♦;;♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦.>] >::♦; :♦;:♦; >::*' ;♦;♦: >::•»: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦:;«! »: ;♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦:*: >::♦: •»:>; ;♦:*; :♦::♦; :♦;»: *^ ;♦:;♦. :♦>; :•»::♦; >::oi >::♦: *;♦; ■*:>: ;•»:>; :♦::♦; :«•::»; ;*;♦; :♦::♦; ;*;■>; ;♦::♦; ;♦:*: :■>::♦; ;*:>;' :♦::♦; >::♦; »; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦; »:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«•; ■::>: :•>:/>; ■*■»; :*:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: •♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::« :; :♦.;♦: :♦::♦;:♦; :♦>;:♦' »"*:*:»;:*:>::*::*::*"*:*:*;:*»;:*::4:*::*:>::*;:*::*::^:«»::*::»^ '*»;:*::cc*;>:!€:cc*;*;>;;*;s;*>;:«:>;;'>:*::«>:*:*:*:>:i»;.«;*;*-»:. 372 HJSTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. He is still engaged in general farming and stock-raising, pa\Mng special attention to graded stock. He still devotes a little time to literary pursuits, and is at present correspondent for the Creston Gazette. jp^sf ILLIAM H. BRADLEY, farmer, 4ll/V'i '^^'ction 5, Athens Township, was 1^=^^ born in Washington County. Penn- sylvania, October 14, 1829. His parents were William H. and Maria (Bell) Bradley, the former a native of Ireland, and the lat- ter of Washington County. They reared a family of four children — William H., Mary, Ellen, Margaret. William was the oldest child, and when he was four years of age his parents removed to Brownsville, Fayette County, Pennsjdvania, where he received his education. He attended the same school with James G. Blaine for a time. In 1839 the family removed to Jef- ferson, Greene County, where they re- mained until 1845, thence to Washington County, thence to Allegheny County in three years, and in 1852 removed to Wayne County, Ohio. He was married October 16, 1856, to Miss Catharine Stair, a native of Germany, and daughter of John and Christina (Mosses) Stair. In the fall of 1856 Mr. Bradley came to Iowa, and settled in Poe Township, Ringgold Count}'. At that time Mt. Ayr had only eight log houses. In the spring of 1857 he located on the B. B. Dunning place, where he resided until the fall of i860, then removed to section 21, Poe Township, where he remained un- til the breaking out of the civil war. He enlisted August 10, 1862, in Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and was en- gaged in the battles of Helena, Little Rock, Camden, Mobile, and several minor en- gagements. He was honorably discharged and returned to his home in Ringgold County. In 1870 he removed to section i, and in 1876 to section 6, Athens Township. In 1879 he moved upon his present farm, which was then in a wild state. He has improved it until he has brought it to its present condition. He has a fine residence, and a barn, 32 x 36 feet, an orchard of eighty trees and small fruits, and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. and Mrs. Bradle}' are the parents of five children — Keziah, Joseph, Louis, Seigel and Zephina. Mr. Bradle}' is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic post at Mt. Ayr, and also a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Lodge 69. By honest deal- ing he has won the confidence and respect of all who know him. Postoffice, Keller- ton. •'■JULUsM^f—m k4— *SS-®<3'3'W» EORGE DICKSON, one of the early settlers of Union Township, living on section 9, is a native of Crawford County, Ohio, born June 14, 1834, a son of George and Agnes Dickson. He was reared a farmer, and has made that the avocation of his life, and by his own efforts has acquired a competency, and become the owner of a good and comfortable home. Mr. Dickson came to Ringgold County, Iowa, in April, 1859, and the same season visited Kansas, and looked over a part of that State. He then returned to this county where his brother John had located in 1856. He remained in Union Township until July 4, 1861, when he was married to Miss Eliza J. Ambrosier, a daughter of Ja- cob Ambrosier, of Crawford County, Iowa, Mr. Dickson having returned to his native county for that purpose. In September following he left Crawford County with Sylvester Beaver, returning to Ringgold County with 600 sheep, which they owned between them, two months being occupied in driving the sheep to this count\\ The 15 >;*>::*r«:*::c*>rc«>>>>>"«>>:'»::«::*:>:> >;.♦..♦..♦;:♦;;♦;>::♦:»;>;>;>;:♦»::♦;»::♦;:♦;:*>;:♦..• >;;♦». >:* :*:♦; :♦::♦: >:♦; >;>! >■>: >♦] >;>; :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >:*; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: *^ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;«!:«: »:>: ;♦>; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; >::♦: :*>; :♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :■*;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦"'•: :♦::♦: :♦;*: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ;•»::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;.♦; :♦:;••■ :«::♦: •♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :*;;*:<-; i.*;.«,.>s :♦♦. :♦♦ »-♦: »>: «»; 3it»: K»: k:« »>: :♦>: :♦::♦: !»::*: !••:•♦: ;♦::♦: !»:»: s»:>: :«::« :♦:»: ;♦::♦: ;♦>: !»: »::*: »:♦: :•"*: »::♦: !•::♦: !»r*: •»>: :♦:'♦: :«:.4: ;♦:<»: :♦;*: :♦>: :♦>: »"'»: !»::<»: ;♦>: »>: :♦::♦: »>: !»::♦: !»;;♦: »::<•: :♦::« .<»::♦! :♦::♦: »::♦: »>; .>::♦: <•:!♦: !»:.♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: »^« :♦:<»: :♦"♦: !»>: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦:♦: >:♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: »■;♦; :♦;:♦: !•::♦: (»:;♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: i^ 4"r iti t .♦>. :«;:♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;>: !♦;>; it! 1 ki VV BIOGRAPHICAl. SKETCHES. "xrx lii>i \<..ii i»i iu> married life was spent on his brother John's farm, when he removed to the farm where he has since followed agricultural jnirsuits. When he first set- tled on his present farm nine acres had been cleared and a small cabin built. The homestead now cotitains 203 acres ol im- provctl land, with good residence and farm buildings, which is the result of years of toil and industry. Mr. and Mrs. Dickson are the parents of three sons and one daughter — Willis, married to Ruth Liles and living on part of his father's farm ; Em- ma Agnes, wife of Jerry Chitwood, of Union Township; Jacob and Homer living at home. Mr. and Mrs. Dickson are mem- bers of the Christian church. In national politics Mr. Dickson votes the Democratic ticket, but in local elections casts his vote for the man whom he considers best fitted for office. jRCULUS LENT, residing on section 3, Union Township, where he has a fine farm of 120 acres, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, February 17, 1834, a son of John and Sarah (Miles) Lent. Both parents are deceased, the father dying in Creston, Iowa, and the mother in Ohio. Mr. Lent has been a resident of the Hawke3'e State for thirty-one years, and for almost eighteen years has made his home in Ringgold County. In 1.S55 he lo- cated in Clarke County, Iowa, and the first two years worked in a saw-mill at Ilope- ville. He then engaged in farming and be- fore leaving tliat county became the owner of two farms, antl commenced the miprove- ment of both. He was married March 8, 1857, to Miss Catherine Miller, who was born in Brown County, Ohio, May i, 1836, a daughter of I lenry and Sarah Miller, who were among the early settlers of Doyle Township, Clarke County, Iowa. Of the nine children born to Mr. and Mrs. Lent six are living — John H., Thomas M., Alfred T., Charles W., Mina E. and James \V., all living at home except Thomas, who resides in Kansas. Three daughters, Sarah E., Libby R. and Alice E., died in infancy. Fn April, i86g, Mr. Lent brought his family to Ringgold County and commenced improv- ing his present farm, which he has converted from a state of nature to one of the best farms in his neighborhood. Mr. and Mrs. Lent are members of the Christian church. In politics Mr. Lent is independent, voting for men, not party. fOHN C. SINCO, section 1, Riley Township, was born in Greene Coun- ty, Indiana, January 12, 1839. ^ son of Henry and Jane Sinco, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of South Caro- lina. They were married in Indiana, and when our subject was four years old moved to Jefferson County, Iowa, being among the pioneer families of that county. Sub- sequently they moved to Decatur County, and there the father bought 300 acres of land, and laid out a town which he named Paris, but which is now called High Point. Selling that property they moved to Ring- gold County, in 1855, and settled on section 2, Riley Township, and there the father died in 1874, aged seventy-four years. The mother is now living at Kellerton. Their family consisted of seven children — John C; Columbus B., who died while serving his country, in the twenty-first year of his age : Mary Ellen, wife of Frank Scott, of Decatur County ; Martha, deceased, wife of Gilbert Mark; Caroline, wife of J. H. Johnson, of Nebraska ; Charlotte, wife of Dell Ferguson, of Decatur County ; Mar- garet, wife of William Barnes, of Riley Township. John C. Sinco was married May 24, 1863, to Caroline Cling, who ww^ :♦ V :♦■'■, :♦ • ;♦ ♦ :♦ > ;♦ ♦ :♦♦: ;♦♦' :♦>. !♦ ♦: > » > ->. ;♦ ♦ !♦♦ :♦ ♦ '•'. ♦: '♦♦ ♦ » :♦ ♦. :♦ ♦. '*. ♦: ♦ ♦ i* * ;♦;♦: ;♦ »: :♦;• '.* *. »♦; '.*'■* :♦>■ :♦ ♦ > ♦: '.* * :♦. *: :♦♦: w. *'. »: ;•.♦: :♦. ♦! »■ !♦ ♦: >♦: :♦ ♦' >♦' >' ♦' >'♦' ;♦ ♦: :♦"♦: :♦":♦: '.*'.'*'. :♦•♦: ;♦ ♦, V ♦ '♦ ■* ;♦"♦: '* ■ ;♦ ♦: ;♦ ♦: ;♦ • »: >:♦; ;♦:♦; ;♦'♦' >♦" :• ♦' >*♦ z* ::: » »: > ■» :♦»; * « <-::<*:;*:>::ccc*>:»;>::*>:*:*>:>:>:>>;>:;*::*>;:c*:>:>;>:>::-f>^ t ♦■; .** v 'M '*! >">" '^/ >' >?'*; !♦; 5»' >?>X*"*"*! '*' * *' '♦" '♦ '♦' '*■' '♦" <■ '♦' '*' ♦ '*•' '*"♦ '•^' ■*■ ♦' ■*" ■*■ ■-> >:♦: :♦:>: :«:>; >:;«' :*■:;♦; :♦:>: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: >::*: :♦;,*: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦:>: :«>:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:>; »; :♦;>; :♦;:♦; s>: >;:«•: ;♦::♦: :»:;■♦: ;*;>: :♦:>: :*;;*: :*::* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: >::♦; :♦:;♦;' ;■>.>; ;•»:;«■: :♦;:*: ;■♦::♦: :•»::♦: :*::* :*:<>: ■♦::o: :-»::*. !«>: ;«;;*: »: ;«:>: *'« :■»::<>■ ;*::♦ >.;♦; >;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:>: >:;♦; :♦.:♦; ;«:♦: :»■•»: :*:♦: >:>, :>::♦: >>■ :♦:;«; ♦ ;♦; *::«: :♦::♦: ♦ ;♦: ?:;♦: 374 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. born in Huntington County, Indiana, April 27, 1846, daughter of J. W. Cling, who moved to Illinois in 1850, and in 1857 to Harrison County, Missouri, and is now a resident of Decatur County, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Sinco have seven children — Sarah, wife of A. I. Paullin; Lawn Dora, Florence Mary, Lulu Lillian, John H., Nancy Anna and Jessie Maud. The fine farm property of 300 acres owned by Mr. Sinco was entered and entirely improved by himself. In politics he is a Republican. He has served his township acceptably and efficiently in several public positions, and at present is school treasurer. -^:»i^^^<«tH fOHN D. MOORE was born in Greene County, Indiana, June 10, 1844, a son of Jacob and Rebecca (Sparks) Moore, natives of Virginia and Ohio respectively, the father going to Indiana when about four years of age. The parents left Indi- ana for Cedar County, Iowa, when he was about ten years old, where the father fol- lowed farming till he retired from active life. The mother is still hving in Cedar County. Of the five children born to the parents only two are now living — John D., and Sarah, wife of M. S. Gaddord, now living in Clinton. County. John D. Moore, our subject, was the eldest child in his fa- ther'sfamily. Hereceived good educational advantages, attending the district schools, and later entered Oskaloosa College, where he pursued his studies for one year. On leaving school he entered the Union army, enlisting in Company E, Eleventh Iowa In- fantry, and was a member of the Arm)- of the Tennessee, Seventeenth Army Corps, under command of General Blair. He participated in the battles of Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta campaign, and at Ben- tonville, North Carolina, being in the serv- ice eighteen months. He was honorably discharged, and was mustered out in July, 1865. After the war he returned to Cedar County, and engaged in agricultural pur- suits. He was married in 1867 to Miss Elizabeth C. Goodwin, of Greene Count}-, Indiana, a daughter of Abner Goodwin. They have seven children — Jacob H., Will- iam H., Li Hie B., Frank M., John A., Sadie E. and Paul R. Mr. and Mrs. Moore be- gan married life on a farm in Cedar Coun- ty, Iowa, where the}- lived till 1874. They then came with their family to Ringgold County, and lived on a farm south ot Tingley for four years. They then re- turned to Cedar County, coming again to Ringgold Count}' in the fall of 1884, when they settled on section 10, Tingley Town- ship, their farm containing 320 acres of improved land, all under fence and seeded down to grass. He is one of the success- ful farmers of his township, where he is also engaged in the manufacture of cheese. He milks thirty cows, and sends out about 400 pounds of cheese a week. He and his wife arc active members of the Christian church, of which he is an elder. He was licensed as an evangelist eight years ago, and has since been engaged in the ministry, his church being at Tingley, of which he was one of the organizers. J^ILLIAMQUINN,oneoftheoldpio- I neers of Ringgold County, Iowa, t-c;^ij^ now living in Jefferson Township, was born in Fleming County, Ohio, the date of his birth being September 29, 1830. His father, Joseph Quinn, was a native of Kentucky, and was one of the early settlers of Fleming County- William Quinn was reared to agricultural pursuits, receiving such education as the rude log-cabin sub- scription schools of that early day afforded. He left his native State with his parents when about four yearsof age, they locating :♦:♦:♦::♦: *•«■;♦;■♦: :♦:♦; >:>: >;>: >:>: :♦':♦; :♦::♦; :♦:'♦: :♦:>: >;>: >'♦; :♦::♦: :♦:«: ;»>: :♦::♦; ;■>::♦•: :♦::■♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:♦; :♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*;♦: :*:♦: :♦:♦■ :♦::■*: :♦:>: :♦:>; >:•♦: :♦;♦; :♦:>: :♦;;♦; :«•:;♦: ;•»:>; >:>; :•«•;♦; :♦:>; ;♦:>; ■*>: :*:;♦; ;*:>■; >;:•*• :•»■::<>: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦:* >:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::«•; ;■«•:♦: :♦;:♦: >;:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦;>; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :•>••«• ;♦:;♦; :♦::■»:' ;♦:>; :♦::«•; :<■■>; >::♦; ■♦:>; ;♦::♦; :♦:'* :♦::♦: :♦;.*: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: »;:♦; ;•*:♦; :■*>: :♦;♦ :♦::•>> ;♦::♦: >:.♦: :♦:;♦: :•♦:>; :*.:•»: :♦:;«; :♦:♦: >;:♦: :♦:♦: ;*::♦; :■>:*; »: :♦::♦; ;♦:.♦: :>::♦: ;♦:■♦: :*::♦: :•♦::♦: :♦::♦•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: ';;♦::♦::♦;:♦;:♦> ♦;:♦::♦:;♦::♦:;♦ ►. ♦, • ♦. .♦ •. ♦. .♦. • .«, ♦. ,♦ .♦, < BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ♦..♦: ♦:♦; ♦..♦: .♦::♦: »:>: <»>: :c«: :♦"♦: ♦:♦; ♦:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ :♦: ♦:♦: «:♦: ♦:♦: ♦.♦: .♦:.♦: :♦::♦: ♦:*: ♦:* ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦:♦; •'♦; ♦;.♦: ♦::♦: ♦:* ♦ ♦' ♦;.♦: ♦ ♦: ♦:* ♦'♦: ♦:♦; ♦:♦) ♦;.♦! «>: ♦ ♦; ♦:♦: ♦:;♦; ♦:♦: ♦.♦: ♦:♦: «::♦: '*'.'*'. ♦ ♦: ♦>: ♦'>: ♦:♦: ♦]>; ♦:♦; ♦ ♦ ♦:♦: ♦>; ♦.♦; ♦:* ♦:.♦; .♦:'♦; ♦:♦' 4*, ♦.♦: ♦, ♦; ♦'.♦; ♦>; ♦:♦' ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ in Shelby County, Indiana, in 1834. There he remained till the fall of 1S54, when he came to Iowa, living m Marion County un- til the following spring, since, which he has been a resident of this county. On Ci)ming to the county he settled in Jeffer- son (then Washington) Township, on wild land, when Indians and wild animals were tlie principal inhabitants of the surround- ing country, and there he experienced many of the hardships and privations incident to life m a new country. He was always been a hard-working citizeti, and by his per- severing industry he has converted his land into a well-cultivated farm, and is now engaged in general farming and stock-rais- ing. His farm is located on section 15, Jefferson Township, and contains 100 acres. Mr. Quinn was married May 7, 1862, to Miss Sarah J. Hunter, a daughter ol An- drew Hunter. Of the eight children born to this union but three are living— William A., Clarinda B. and Minta, all at home. Mrs. Quinn died May 21, 1885. She was an earnest Christian, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Quinn is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. :♦ * JARVIS, superintendent and builder of bridges, residing on section 12, » Benton Township, was born in Perry Countv, Oliio, August 22, 1832, son of Piiiilipand Mary (Woolf) Jarvis. Heresidcd in his native county until eighteen years of age, assisting on the farm and attending the common schools. He was married Febru- ary 28,1856, to Miss Anna Lewis, after which he resided in Hocking County. The fol- lowing year he came to Clarke Coun- ty, Iowa, and later removed to Lucas County. In 1865 he came to Ringgold County and settled on section 12, Benton Township. He located on his farm where he now resides July ig, 1875. He owns 137 acres in a high state of cultivation and well improved. He has a good residence, a corn barn, orchard, small fruits, and has been engaged for several years in contract- ing for and building bridges. He has erected all the county bridges in Ringgold County for several years. He is the invent- or of the Jarvis patent for bridges, patented March 4, 1879 • ^^'^ '"' ^^^^ the inventor and proprietor of the Jarvis wagon-brake, pat ented March 2, 1880. The bridges liuilt on the Jarvis patent are considered the best in use. Mr. and Mrs. Jarvis are the parent^ of ten children — Rebecca, John, Ellen. Catherine, Levi, James, Phebe, Christopher, Samantha and Margaret. Moses is deceased. Mr. Jarvis is a member of the .Missionary Baptist church, and politically i::*; >::♦; :*::♦; > ."! ■*>; >::♦: ;«::♦; ;->"»; A >■- ;*.'.^; ;••-:■«•: ;<>.;*; > ♦: :?■:>: >>] '»>■ ;♦ ■■!•: >:»■ :■■>;:♦: ;♦:>: ;■»::*: :♦::«■: :■*::*: :♦::♦: :•»::♦; ;^:;♦: :♦::«■; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦■: >:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:■♦: ;♦::♦: >;:«: ;♦::♦; :♦.>: ;♦.;♦; :♦:>; ;♦:♦' :->::♦: >::♦; :♦;>: :♦:»; >:;•♦•: :■*.:♦; :*:«; ;; .'^ 'I V :♦:♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:*: :«'»: ;*;»; »; ■■♦. »' ,•■*. ■>: .*"■*; :»:•; ■♦.;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::•»: :<•' >: :» >; 'f> ■*. X A '<■ n later he formed a partnership with I. W. Keller, which continued over five years. In 1873 he was elected district attorney for the Third District, comprising the counties of Page, Montgomery, Taylor, Adams, Ringgold, Union, Decatur and Clarke. At the expiration of three years he resigned, and resumed his practice, becoming asso- ciated with Judge Henry, under the firm name of Henry & Laughlin. Four years later this partnership was dissolved, and the firm of Laughlin & Campbell was formed. In i863-'4 Mr. Laughlin was superinten- dent of schools of Ringgold County. He was appointed county judge in 1862, vice Judge Keller, resigned. He was married March 10, 1861, to Louisa J. Bates, daugh- ter of Ansel Bates. They have two children — Lora B. and L. Weldon. Mr. Laughlin is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders. kETER A. WHEELER, farmer and m. stock-raiser, living on section 9, Lib- erty Township, was born in Jefferson County, New York, Ma}' 17, 1840. When he was four years of age his parents, Peter and Polly (Millard) Wheeler, removed to Fulton County, Illinois, and there he was reared on a farm, his father being a farmer by occuiiation. His parents lived till their death in Fulton County, the father dying in the year 1876, and the mother in 1884. Peter A. enlisted in the service of his coun- try at the age of eighteen years, becoming a member of Company H, Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, in which regiment he served about six months, when he was transferred to Company F, Eigiitli Illinois Infantry, in which he served till receiving his discharge, a period of two years and four months. He took part in tlic raid from Vicksburg to Meridian, Mississippi, and was at the battle of Mobile, and had his clothing cut in man}' places, but was not wounded. He was mustered out at Baton Rouge in May, 1866, when he returned to Canton, Fulton County, Illinois, and the same' fall was married to Miss Louisa J. Mariner, of Canton. They are the parents of four children — Henry E., Lewis L., Hat- tie I. and Flora Adell. Mr. Wheeler fol- lowed farming in Fulton County for three years after his marriage, when he removed to Minnesota, and after spending five years in Cottonwood County, that State, re- turned to Canton, Illinois. In the spring of 1883 Mr.Wheeler came to Ringgold County, Iowa, when he located on his present farm, which contains 480 acres of well-improved land under high cultivation. He devotes considerable attention to stock-raising, mak- ing a specialty of Poland-China hogs, which are of the purest breed and are all entitled to registry. He has on his farm eighty-three head of thorough-bred cattle, and twenty-three horses, and as a stock- raiser Mr. Wheeler ranks with the best of his township. He is an active and enter- prising citizen, and during his residence in Liberty Township has won many friends by hisgenial manners andfairand honorable dealingrs. tEORGE W. LESAN, an early settler of Ringgold County, and an enter- prising farmer of Poe Township, is a native of Penobscot County, Maine, born February 11, 1830, a son of John and Eliz- abeth (Brooks) Lesan, also natives of Maine. In 1831 his parents moved to Ohio, and in 1836 to Illinois, where the mother died in 1852. George W. is the sixth of twelve children, six of whom are living. He commenced the battle of life for him- self when twenty years of age, and in 1853 was married to Mary M. Leasurc. In the spring of 1855 he came to Iowa, and entered 280 acres of land from the Government. ■:»:>>;:««:*;»;>;>;>>;:cc*;:c*;:'»;>>:*'*k:c^^ .♦..». :«■::* :♦:;♦! :♦;>: >:>: :•♦:;♦: >:>: »: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:«•; >::♦; :*:♦: >"♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦. :♦!>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: >::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; '*:♦; :♦::»: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:•»; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :«:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:* :♦.»; :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦>; :♦;;♦: :«:♦: :♦:>: »;:♦; :■»::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >!>; ».l>.a.S ♦.■♦ :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:>: »>: :♦::« >:>: >!:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:* ;♦;>: :♦::«■: :♦:>: >!>: :♦::* :♦:*• >::♦: >::♦: :♦:;* >::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦>: :♦;:« :♦::«! >::♦: :♦::« >::«: :♦::« ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::« >::♦: >;>: :♦;:* :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦;>: :♦::♦: >:;♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«'.>: :♦::'»: :♦:;•': >::♦: :♦::«': :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦.:♦: :«:♦; :«::«': >.:♦: >;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:•': :♦;:♦: *♦: >.>: :♦:•; :♦:>: :«:♦: ;«:♦: :♦::♦: :«::•: >::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: »: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 377 His first dwellini? in the county, which was also the first one in Mt. Ayr, was a round- log cabin, i6xi8 feet, covered with clap- boards, with the ground for the floor for some time, until one of puncheon could be substituted. He lived in this house ten years, and opened up his farm. His pres- ent residence is commodious, and his farm buildings are large and comfortable. Be- fore the railroad was built the town was laid out and called Lesanville, but on the advent of the railroad the name was changed, and both village and postoffice are called Lesan. He established the first store in the place, which at present is con- ducted by his nephew, Arthur L. Lesan, his son, O. L. I^esan, being postmaster, ap- pointed in April, 1884. Mr. Lesan has had a family of seven children, but four are liv- ing — Laura E., wife of A. F. Beard ; Owen L., Burrett M. and Cassius T. Mr. Lesan has served his township as justice of the peace, trustee and supervisor. He is an intelligent, public-spirited citizen, lending his influence to the side of law and order. ■•rto- -m* FfiyiiOMAS STAMPER, engaged in irming and stock-raising on sections T" JO and 21, Grant Township, where he has 720 acres of good land, is a native ol England, born September 30, 1832, a son of Thomas and Mary Stamper, who were also natives of England. On first coming to America Mr. Stamper located in Michigan, where he remained two years. He then removed to Illinois, and for tliirty- five years made his home in Kendall County. On leaving Illinois he came to Ringgold Countv, and settled on the farm where he now resides, which is one of the best farms to be found in the county. His residence is large and ccjmmodious, and his barn and out-buildings are noticeably good, and his orchard covers twelve acres of land. In connection with his general farming he is extensively engaged in feed- ing stock, and is one of the best farmers in Grant Township. Mr. Stamper was united in marriage to Miss Anna Turbcy, who was born in the year 1840, a daughter of William and Mary Turbcy, natives of Eng- land. They are the parents of seven chil- dren, si.K sons and one daughter — William, Frank, John, Edward, Richard, Minnie and Thomas. In jKilitics Mr. Stamper casts his suffrage with the Republican party. M. BAUMANN, engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 4, Lin- * coin Township, is a native of Penn- sylvania, born April 20, 1852, a son of J. G. and Hannah (Klingensmith) Baumann, who were natives of Germany and Penn- sylvania respectively, the father being the oldest settler of Ringgold County. Our subject was brought b)- his parents to Iowa in an early day, locating first in Jef- ferson County, and a short time later came to Ringgold County, and there he ex- perienced many of the privations as well as the pleasures of pioneer life. The sur- roimding countr}- was then in a state of nature, and Indians and wild animals were the principal inhabitants. H. M. Baumann was reared to agricultural pursuits, and re- ceived his education in the district schools. He has lived on his present farm since coming to this county, and is the owner of 320 acres of choice land, which has been acquired by years of toil and industry, and he is classed among the prosperous agri- culturists of Lincoln Township. He was united in marriage to Miss Emma A. who was born in Pennsylvania, December 15, 1852. They have seven children — Harry R., born May 1, 1876; Laura E., born April 21, 1878; E. M., born July 18, 1879; John A., born December 28, 1880; ;♦ ■> > '^ > ♦. > ♦ > • >>: >:♦ >:♦ >!•» > * >:♦ ;♦:>: >■;♦: >;♦; :♦:>: ;♦«! :♦;■♦: » ;♦ ' > » >:♦ >:♦. 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In politics Mr. Baumann affiliates with the Repub- lican party. Mr. Baumann has on his farm a very fine orchard covering three acres. His residence and farm buildings are comfortable and commodious, and everything about his place betokens the thrift and care of its owner. -i='S>i^^f«5^— jDGAR J. PRATT, a member of the firm of Cole & Pratt, lumber-dealers, was born in Cayuga County, New York, September 17, 1841, a son of Joseph L. and Amy S. (Fo.\) Pratt. When he was three years old he was taken b\- his parents to Whitewater, Wisconsin, where the father followed his business, that of a carriage manufacturer, for many 3'ears. He died in 1878, his wife surviving him a few years. They were the parents of three sons and four daughters, Edgar J. being the sixth child. He passed hisyouth in Whitewater, receiving a limited education in the schools of that place. At the age of nineteen years he enlisted in Company H, Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry, and was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland. He partici- pated in the battles of Nashville, Ten- nessee, and Chattanooga, under General Thomas, besides other engagements, serv- ing faithfully nearly four years. He was mustered out of the service at New Or- leans, in July, 1865, when he returned to Whitewater, Wisconsin. He then formed a partnership with his brother, John H. Pratt, in the mercantile business, which continued two years, when Edgar Pratt went to White Hall, Michigan, where he was engaged in buying and selling shingles, ties and lumber for two years. Mr. Pratt was married in 1864 to Miss Jennie S. Cole, of Whitewater, Wisconsin, the only daugh- ter of W. Cole, Sr. They have two daugh- ters — Emma S. and Edith May. In 1869 Mr. Pratt removed with his family to Mason City, Iowa, where he engaged in the mercantile business, remaining there about seven years. He then formed a partnership with W. W. Lyons, they or- ganizing the Poweshiek County Bank, at Brooklyn, Iowa, of which Mr. Pratt was cashier. In 1879 Mr. Pratt came to Mt. Ayr, where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits for two years. In iS8ohe became associated with W. Cole, Jr., thus forming the present lumber firm of Cole & Pratt. Mr. Pratt is one of the active and public- spirited citizens of Mt. Ayr, and during his residence in Ringgold County has gained the confidence and respect of all who know him. In the fall of 18S3 he was elected a member of the Board ol Supervisors, of which he is at present chairman, and is also president of the School Board. Mr. Pratt is a member of the Masonic fraternit}', be- longing to the lodge at Mason City. He is also a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. |ASPER K. DENHART, an early set- tler and prominent citizen of Wash- <^\ ington Township, lives on section 30, where he has a good farm of 145 acres, all well improved, with a comfortable resi- dence and farm buildings. He was born in Germany, March 15,1 839, a son of George and Christina W. (King) Denhart. When he was two years of age his parents came to America, being four weeks in making the journey from Havre de Gras to New York. They went direct to Cincinnati, Ohio, where they lived two years, and then went t:*:*::4::*:>:>:*:*:>:>::*;>::*::*>;*:»:»::c*:*;*:»;:*;>:»:;«i*;*;** :♦::« :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >"♦: >::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:!»; 'fr.'if. >;:♦: :♦;;* »:♦; f'.'f', ;♦.:♦; :♦::'« m.it. ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦:>; :♦::♦: ♦>■ :»::♦; ^. :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; >::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :*::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; >;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:♦; :«■:♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦;;* :♦::♦: :«::«>: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦":♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: *■>: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :«'"«': :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: ;♦;>: ;♦;:♦: k:x. 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On Icav- iuij home he went to Harrison County, Indiana, and thence, in 1852, to Marion County, Iowa, and three years later to Rinjjtjold County, locating first at iMt. A^'r, where he was living at the breakins^ out of the war of the Rebellion, and in 1861 he en- listed in the defense of his country, and was assigned to Company G, Fourth Iowa In- fantry. He served four years, participating in man)- severe engagements, among others being the battles at Pea Ridge, V'icksburg, and Atlanta and accompanietl Sherman to the sea. He was mustered out at Daven- port, Iowa, in August, 1865, and returned to Mt. Ayr, where he lived until 1866, when he located on his present farm. He was married in May, 1866, to Rachel M. Miller, daughter of J. D. Miller, of Ringgold County. They have a family of nine chil- dren — Mary, James, George W., Clarence, Maud, Howard, Jennie, Lora and Julia. One son, Thomas, died aged six )'ears. fI3. EDWARDS, farmer, section 22, Clinton|Township, is a native of Han- • cock County, Tennessee, where he was born April 22, 1836, son of William and Mary (Bishop) Edwards. He was the second of seven children, and when four- teen years of age his father removed to Davis County, Iowa, where the family re- sided three years, then removed to Clarke County. He was reared a farmer, and re- ceived his education in the common schools. He was married January 26, i860, to Miss Sarah Miner, a native of JefTerson County, Indiana, and daughter of R. H. and Sarah A. (Wright) Miner. In December, 1863, Mr. Edwards enlisted in Company B, Eighteenth Iowa Infantry, and was on post duty at Fort Smith, Arkansas, most of the time. He was honorably discharged in August, 1865, and returned to Clarke Coun- ty, where he resided a few months, then removed to Worth Count}', Missouri, where he lived until 18S2, then located upon his |)resent farm, where he has since re- sided. He purchased this land of one Jacob Huntsman. He owns 194 acres in a goodstateof culiivalionand well improved, located one mile south of Redding. He has a good one-and-a-half story residence, well furnished, surrounded by native shade trees, a good orchard and small fruits, and everything about the premises indicates ! the thrifty farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards have two children living — Oliver H., born October 31, 1861, and Elbert E., now thir- teen years of age. Oliver H. was reared a farmer, and educated in the common schools. He is a member of the Missionary Baptist church. He was married Novem- ber 26, 1884, to Miss Mary E. Abarr, born in Ringgold County, and daughter of Dan- iel and Ann M. Abarr. They have one child — Orville R. Mr. Edwards is a mem- ber of the .Missionary Baptist church, and in politics is a Republican. He is a man very highly esteemed and is considered one of the leading men of the township. Fostoffice, Redding. **fro- -<■«» T. LEE, farmer and stock-dealer, sec- tion 28, is numbered among the en- ^^ terj)rising and successful business men of Athens Township. He was born in Henry County, Iowa, July i, 1854, son of S. M. Lee, a native of Illinois, who came to Henry County in 1838, when Burlington had but one log store. His mother was E. Carter, a native of West Virginia. His parents reared a family of eleven children, and all are living. Our subject was the third child, aiul when two years o( age his father removed to Union County, where the family resided four years. They then .♦ » :♦'* :♦>: :♦:♦. ;♦.:♦. :♦.> ;♦> ;♦;:♦ ;♦:♦ :♦ * ♦ .♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦.> »" ;♦:.♦: >:>: ;•::♦: :♦::♦: '■> ♦ > ♦ ♦ >. :♦.:♦. :♦.;♦: :♦:;♦: .♦..♦. ♦r* ;♦';* ♦:♦ :♦♦ :♦♦' ♦ ♦ .♦.-♦- :♦■,♦■ • *: :♦.:♦: :♦:♦: *'♦■ :*.»: :♦::<>; :♦:>•; :♦:.♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; >;:«: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :«•;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦.;♦: :■»::*; :«;;♦: :♦:>: '»:;♦: :♦::♦: '<-::♦: >::♦: :♦:*: :♦;:«■: ,*;:♦: ;♦:>: :♦;.*: •»::♦: :♦::♦; ?>:.♦; ;«•::♦: :♦;:■♦! :«•:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■»■: :♦::♦: :♦:»: ;♦;.♦; :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: >:*: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;■»•::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦•; :♦:>: >::♦: ♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦•::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦.:♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦•: >:>: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ■♦::♦: :♦::♦: ♦:♦; »; ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; ■»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;■♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >^* *:♦; ;♦:.♦: :♦;:•: V If 380 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. returned to Henry Count\% where they lived eight years, thence to Union Count)' again. In 1874 the family came to Ring- gold County. Mr. Lee received his edu- cation at Mt. Pleasant and New London. He was married November 15, 1877, to Miss Mar}' Livermore, of Ringgold County, daughter of A. Livermore, and a year later settled upon his present farm which was then wild land. He purchased eighty acres, and has since added to his first pur- chase until he now lias 213 acres under a high state of cultivation. He has a good, comfortable residence surrounded by shade and ornamental trees, an orchard of 200 trees and small fruits, a barn, 40 x 44 feet, and out-buildings for stock, etc. He is engaged in stock-raising, feeding, and ship- ping stock. Mr. and Mrs. Lee are the parents of hve children Leslie, Ray, Lucy, Frank and Charlie. Politicall}- he is a Greenbacker. Although a young man he has gained a good position both socially and financially, and is classed among the best citizens of the county. Postoffice, Kellerton. ,^, W. WILLIAMS, postoffice, Goshen, '* — engaged in farming and stock-raising I® on section 25, Lincoln Township, was born in Maryland, November 7, 1827, a son of William and Anna (Corson) Will- iams, the father being a native of Pennsyl- vania, and the mother of Marj'land. G. W., our subject, was reared to agricultural pursuits, which he has followed the greater part of his life. At the age of twenty-one years he began clerking in a dry -goods store, which he followed three years. De- cember 5, 1 85 1, he was united in marriage to Miss Henrietta Nulph, who was bom in Penns3'lvania, February 6, 1831, her par- ents, George C. and Barbara Nulph, being natives of Pennsylvania. To Mr. and Mrs. Williams have been born nine children — Francis A., born April 4, 1852 ; George A., born April 3, 1853 ; M. C, born April 3, 1855. Martha L., born May 5, 1857; Alice H., born February 4, 1859; Mary F., born Januarj' 27, 1861 ; John, born February 18, 1863 ; A. H., born Februarv 16, 1865 ; and C. A., born March 30, 1867. Mr. Williams came to Ringgold Countv, Iowa, in an early day, being among the first settlers of Jefferson Township, where he first located. There he endured many of the hardships and privations incident to the life of a pio- neer, going to St. Joseph, Missouri, for provisions, which took six daj's to make the trip, grinding his flour (buckwheat) in a coffee mill, the nearest mill being at Osce- ola. His first house in Ringgold County was a rude log cabin with puncheon floor. He came to Lincoln Township with his family in 1878, when he settled on the farm where he has since made his home ; here he has 160 acres of well-cultivated land, and good residence and farm-buildings, and is now classed among Ringgold County's best farmers. In politics Mr. Williams isa Demo- crat. Since coming to Lincoln Township he has served as school director, and also as president of the School Board. Mrs. Will- iams is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal church. -^>- c«» Vp,DWARD STUCK, farmer, section 4, '{rL Lott's Creek Township, is one of the "':y^ old pioneers who has been identified witii the interests of Ringgold County for the past thirty years, and is well worthy of a notice in its history. He was born in Union Countv, Pennsylvania, October to, 1825, son of Jonathan and Elizabeth Stuck. He was reared on a farm, and received his education in the common schools of that day. When he was about twenty-one years of age, his parents removed to Henry County, Ohio, where they remained BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ;mi one year, thence to Lucas County, remain- inij two years, tlience to Seneca County, then returned to Lucas County, thence to Sandusky County. Me was married De- cember 14, 1S51, to Miss Catliarine Walter, a native o( Stark County, Oiiio, and d.ui'^li- ter of John and Sarah Walter. In 1854 he came to Keokuk, Iowa, and in the spring ol 1855 removed lo Davis County, Missouri. In September of the same year he came to Ringgold County, and located in Lott's Creek Township, hrthe spring of 1856 he came to his present farm, where he has since n sided. It was then in a wild state, and his first residence was a log cabin, which still stands as a landmark of pioneer days. His farm contains 100 acres, and is in a good state of cidtivation. He has a fine story- an l-a-hall residence, erected in 1878, mod- ern style and well furnished, a good orchard of 100 trees, small fruits, and a grove of native maples. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. and Mrs. Stuck have one child — John E., born Oc- tober 23, 1853. He is a young man of in- telligence and good business qualifications. He resides at home and assists in the care and management of the farm. Mr. Stuck started in life without means, but by indus- try and economy he has acquired a fine property. Politically he is a Republican. Postoffice, Caledonia. !R.\ A. PALMER, an active and suc- cessful agriculturist of Liberty Town- -V ship, is a native of Canada, his parents, Wilkinson and Nancy (Hurde) Palmer, moving frijm Rhode Island to Canada a short lime prior to his birth, which oc- curred January 21, 1835. At an early age he was taken by liis parents to Warren County, Illinois, and in that county he grew to manhood, being reared on a farm. 11'- engaged in the manufacture of two- horse cultivators at Monmouth, Illinois, which he followed for several years. Dur- ing this time he was married to Miss Sarah J. Morris, of Monmouth, wliodied in 186S, leaving six children, wlio are all doing for themselves. Mr. I'almer was again married in 1883, to Mrs. Ella Nicholas, a daughter of James Spencer, who had two children by her former marriage. In 1871 Mr. Pal- mer came to Ringgold County, since which time he has resided on his farm on section 5, Liberty Township. His farm contains 32oacres all under fence and well-improved, and during his residence here he has fol- lowed general farming and stock-raising, paying special attention to a good grade of cattle and hogs, in which pursuit he is meeting with success. Mr. Palmer has held the office of justice of the peace of Liberty Township for six years. He has been presi- dent of the Ringgold County Agricultural Society for some eight years, and by his strict and honorable dealings has gained the confidence of all who know him. fOHN F. PAGE, is a native of Pong- gold County, Iowa, born in Rice Townshij), September 19, 1861, a son of Edward Page, who was a native of the State of New York. The father catne to Ringgold County, Iowa, in 1856, and set- tled on wild land, where he built a log cabin in which our subject was born. lie was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, and lost his life while in the service of his countrv. John F. Page, the subject of this sketch was reared to farming pursuits, which he has made the ])rincipal avocation of his life. His education was obtained in the common schools of this county. His mother died when he was three years old, and his father dying not long after he was thus early in life left an orphan. In 1877 he went to Dakota where he remained for .♦ -» > >' ;♦* :* »: :♦ ♦. >.* »; 'm. :♦'>: :♦:>! :♦>! :♦.:♦; :♦>. :♦:♦; »: :♦:♦; >:♦: :♦>: >>; >>: :♦;>; >:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦:>: ;♦:♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: >;>: »; >::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: >:»: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::« ;♦::«': :♦>: :♦■♦■ :♦.:♦: MM :♦::♦: >:♦: :«:♦: :*::«: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; >::♦: »: :♦-♦: MM MM MM M.M. MM MM. ;♦♦: ;♦• >..♦. M.M MM M.M. 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At the age* of live years he was bound out to John E. Cooper, a practical farmer and stock-trader of Ver- million County, with whoai he remained for sixteen years, and during this time re- ceived a limited education in the common schools. Oa attaining the age of twenty- one years he started out in life for himself without means, and the two years follow- ing was employed on a farm, receiving $20 a month the first year, and the second year his wages were increased to about S33 a :nonth. He was married in September, I "^67, to Miss Sarah H. Guymon, of Ver- million County, her father, Frank Guymon, being now a resident of Carroll County, Missouri. They are the parents of two children — Alta and Ora V. In the spring of 1867 Mr. Payne went to Madison County, Iowa, and during that summer broke prai- rie, and the same fall bougiit wheat, which he sold at Des Moines. He then began dealing in cheap land, in which enterprise he made his first money. After his mar- riage he rcimved from Madison to Adams County, where he purchased a farm, and after breaking his land sold it. In 1869 he assisted in laying the Chicago, IJurling- fon & Quincy Railro.id, and acted a^^ pay- laster of three divisions of surveying com panics, locating the road from Alton to Council Bluffs. He also furnished supplies ir the three companies of surveyors, each company composed of twenty men, and furnished his team for the sum of $100 a month. In January, 1871, Mr. Payne pur- chased a farm in the east part of Ringgold County, which he sold in the fall of the same year, and bought land in Grant Town- ship, this county, and to his original eighty acres he has added until he now owns 640 acres of choice land and was there actively engaged in dealing in cattle until -March, 1864, when, on account of failing health, he left his farm and removed to Mt. Ayr, where he has since lived somewhat retired, though still looking after his business interests and trading in stock on a small scale. Mr. P.iyne may be classed among the self-made men of this county, having by his own en- ergy and industrious habits accumulated a competcnc)' for his declining yrars. Be- sides his large farm in Grant Township he owns other land in the county, his real estate covering 1,000 acres. ATI IAN MILLHR, farmer, section 22, Middle Fork Township, is one of the well-known and worthy citizens of Ringgold County, and was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, April 17, 1824. His father was Henry Miller, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this volume. His early life was spent assisting on the farm and attending the common schools of his native State. December 9, 1847. he was married to Miss Sarah M. Shaffer, daughter of Jacob and Margaret (Mc- Henry) Shaffer. He resided in Rock- bridge County until September 12, 1855, when, with wife and five children he started for Iowa, with horse team and wagon. He arrived in Louisa County October 27, where he spent the winter, and the following March came to Ringgold County and located upon his present farm in Middle Fork Township. He first pre- empted the land from the Government. His first residence was a log cabin, 14 x 16 feet, with puncheon floor and clajiboaid roof, and the furniture was of home man- ufacture. In November, 1862, he was elected Captain of Ct)mpany B, Third Bat- talion, Home Guards. He held the oflice creditably until it was disbanded, in 1864. Mr. Miller has added to his original 160 acres until he now owns 320 acres of land in a good state of cultivation and well im- ■♦♦: ■*'♦ < ♦; ♦ ♦' ♦ » ♦.'*. ♦ ♦: :♦;■* ♦:♦; ♦'♦' '♦:♦: >:'♦; :♦;:♦: '♦>■ >♦: :♦.♦. :♦:♦: :♦:'♦: >■* :♦.'♦; ♦ ♦: '•«: :♦'■♦■ ♦ ♦ ■* ♦ >;• ;♦> » •> ♦ « :♦:;♦: .«.:♦: '♦■■* ♦ » ♦ :♦. :♦:■♦; « < .♦> »' '♦ '♦; >;'♦. 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He has a good orchard of two acres and a variety of small fruits, out- buildings for stock and grain, and every- thing about the farm indicates the thrift of its proprietor. He is engaged princi- pally in stock-raising and feeding. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are the oarents of eleven children — Mattie Showalter, Arskine, Henry, Virginia B. Dagger, Nettie Rec- tor, Alice Bailey, Ella Showalter, Jacob, Paroda, Lulu and Hugh. Maggie Stevens and Herbert are deceased. Mr. Miller has served as township clerk, assessor, member of the School Board and county supervisor. He is a worthy member of the Advent Christian church, and politically is a Re- publican. He has given his children good educational advantages, and they are well fitted to take responsible positions in life. Postoffice, Ingart. married in May, 1872, to Miss Catherine Vidal, of Fort Scott, a daughter of John L. Vidal, whose father was a Cuban tobacco merchant. John L. Vidal married the mother of our subject, and is now a resident of Mt. Ayr. Mr. and Mrs. Brockett have five children — John, Frank, Cassie, Eleanor J. and Thomas. Mr. Brockett removed with his family to Mt. Ayr, Ringgold Coun- ty. Iowa, in November, 1879, '^^^ immedi- ately opened a law ofBce. In February, 1883, he formed a partnership with M. L. Be vis, thus forming the present reliable firm of Brockett & Bevis, Mr. Brockett be- ing the attorney for the firm, and by their honorable and upright dealings they have established a good business, and have gained the confidence and respect of all who know them. m W. BROCKETT, of the firm of ^fl Brockett & Bevis, dealers in real ^® estate, abstracts, municipal securities, etc., is a native of Connecticut, born in New Haven, October 2, 1843. When six years of age he was brought by his parents, E. E. and Jane (Bradley) Brockett, to Davenport, Iowa, and there he grew to manhood, receiving his education in the public schools of that city. He began teaching school at the age of eighteen years, a vocation he followed some six years, and in the meantime studied law with the firm of McConias & McKighan, of Fort Scott, Kansas. Completing his law studies he was admitted to the bar in 1873 and commenced the practice of law at Fort Scott, Kansas, where he remained till 1879, at the same time being connected with the mining in- terests of the place. Mr. Brockett was ^000^ MACK GORSUCH resides on sec- tion 8, Riley Township, where he oc- cupies the finest farm residence in the county, which he built in 1884, at a cost of $2,800. His home farm contains 200 acres of as fine land as can be found in Ringgold County, all under a good state of cultiva- tion. He also owns a farm of 250 acres on sections 14 and 15 of the same township, where he first established his home in Ringgold County, in 1871. Eighty acres of that farm were entered by his father in 1853 and reserved for him, butno improve- ments had been made. Thus he com- menced life with a deed of the eighty acres and a span of horses, and what he has besides this he has made by his own indus- try and good management. He lived on section 14 from 1871 till 1884, and then moved to the farm where he now lives. He is ranked among the solid agriculturists of Ringgold County, and is one of Rile}' Townships most influential citizens. He was born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, r*>>>>:>:>"*;>:>::«;:*:>:>;:*:;*"*:>:>;;c«"*>"*:>>"*"*: » ; :♦::♦■::♦::♦;:♦:;♦;!♦;:♦;»;;♦;:♦;;*;♦. .♦;,•>: :♦;:♦: :♦:;•*: :♦;:-»■: :♦:'*■: :♦::♦: :♦::•»; :♦;■*: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:•»: :♦;:♦: :♦::<■: :♦::♦: :♦::•' :♦::♦ :♦::<•: >::*: •♦::r: :♦"'• :♦":••• ;♦]♦: :♦:■*. :♦::♦: :♦::< >V' :■♦•;< ;♦:-. ;♦:<) :♦;■•■.: *:'.• ;♦"-'; :♦:' 'A, ;*.'■ :♦:> :♦;< :♦::<' :♦::< Wfr :♦::♦ :♦:;♦; :♦::•♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦■: :♦::«■: :♦::♦; :♦::«: :*' :*:«: :♦::«■; ■*::♦; :♦"■^: '^:'' *,"' :♦•. :♦: :«■> ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; >::« »::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:•»: ;♦::♦: !•;:♦: :♦:!»: ;♦::♦; :♦:'<»: :♦::♦: ••>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: {»;:♦: :♦::«! :♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »;>; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.*: :♦"♦; >:♦; :<•;.♦: :*:;■»: :•»■;♦»: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ■m> .♦..♦. :♦;♦: >:;♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: *^ ». >>; >::♦, >:>: >>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦!*; ;♦;♦: :♦>; >:;»; >;:♦: *:♦! :♦:.♦; *>: :♦:>: :♦;>: »:* ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦.>: :♦:*: :♦>: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;«::♦: ;♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦.:♦: >■■♦: ♦ ♦ :♦',♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;♦: :♦.:♦; > '♦: March 2, iS^g, a son of John and Ann Gorsucli, also natives of the Keystone State, the son and father being born in the same house. The family moved to M(5n- roe County, Iowa, in 1 858, and in that coun- ty the father improved four farms. He was an active, useful man and much re- spected by all who knew him. His deatli occurred in Monroe County, July 8, 1878, at the age of fifty six years. The mother still lives on the homestead with five of her children — Marv, Elizabeth E., Sarah E., George \V. and Perry E. Two sons besides our subject, Robert and Thomas C, live in Riley Township. One son, William C, lives in 'Hastings, Nebraska, and another, Esli T.. lives in Beadle County, Dakota. Amanda and David A. are deceased. J. Mack Gorsuch remained under the home roof until twenty-two years of age, and then, as before stated, came to ^Ringgold County He was married March 12, 1872, to Agnes A. Farmer, who was born in Henry County, Iowa, May 25, 1853, a daughter of James and Rebecca Farmer, her father a native of Ohio, and her mother of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Gorsuch have two children — Minnie M., born February 28, 1874, and Charles E., born May 13, 1880. Mr. Gorsuch has served his town- ship as school director'and road supervis- or. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. -^>!>i^C?'^ l^YRON W. COFFIN, engaged inagri- 'j I cultural i)ursuits on section 10, Ting- '~Z If-T Township, was born in Mahaska County, Iowa, near Oskaloosa, January 22, 1S56, a son of Jacob F. and Maria (.Mc- Clain) CofTin, the father being a pioneer of Mahaska Count)". Our subject was reared to agricultural pursuits, his father being a farmer by occupation, and his education was obtained in the common schools of his native county. He was married in June, 1878, to Lydia Shoemaker of Mahaska County, and to this unif)n have been born two ciiildren — Charles and Arthur J. In the spring of 1882 our subject came with his family to Ringgold County, and settled in Tingley Township on part of his father's farm, of 320 acres, he having eighty acres of well-improved land. Jacob F. Coffin, father of our subject, was born in Jackson County, Indiana, June 7, 1834. a son of Sanmel and Sophia (Fisher) Coffin, the former born in North Carolina in 1809. Jacob F. was nine years of age when his parents settled in Lee County, Indiana, and a j'ear later moved to Mahaska County, Iowa, wlierc he was married to Maria Mc- Clain who was a native (jf that count}'. They have four children living. Mr. and Mrs. Jacob F. Coflin now make their home in Ringgold County, Iowa, where they own a fine farm of 320 acres located on section 10, Tingley Township. fEREMIAH C. GUSTIN, farmer and stock-raiser, living on section 6, JefTer- son Township, is a nativeof Ohio, born in Adams County, June 14, 1846, a son of Jeremiah \V. and Rachel (Maddox) Gustin, who were natives of Kentucky and Vir- ginia rcspcctivel)'. The father settled with his family in Marion County, Iowa, in 1853, and in 1857 came to Ringgold County, at which time Indians and wild animals were the principal inhabitants, and here the father entered 1,000 acres of uncultivated land, where the family endured all tiie hardships and privations incident to pioneer life. The father dieil in this county Mav 16, 1880, and the motlier is still living, mak- ing her home witii her son, .Mpheus M., in Jefferson Township. The)- were the par- ents of nine children, of whom live arc vet living — Mrs. Hannah Coy, Mrs. Vienna :♦:.♦: :♦'♦ .♦..♦. :♦'.« :♦::♦. ■♦:♦ ;♦..♦.:♦♦::< :♦.♦. :♦.♦: :♦:♦ > * > V. > ♦ ;♦ • >.♦ ♦ ♦. ;♦♦ ;♦,♦ :♦♦. :♦ ♦. :♦ ♦ :♦> >:«; ■♦•■♦ ♦ ♦ !* ♦ :♦ ♦ > ♦; :♦■.•;■. :<>;'♦; :♦:■♦: :«::♦: :•*:»: :«•;:*•: :♦.:«•: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::«•: •»■:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦; :«::♦: ;♦,<•; ;<-■«■■ >:.». :♦::*: ?>::■>: :«■,;«•: >"-•. ■*::•: :♦::♦: :■«•;>: :♦::♦; :«•::♦: :•»;:•» »;;♦; :♦.:*■ :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: *"♦■ :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :•♦;:♦: :♦:.<►: :•»:■«• :«::♦; :♦:<>: >:;>£•; :*:;♦; :*:.<> :♦::■♦: :<>■■*; :♦;;♦: '^.'^ :»:;♦: >;v ;<"♦; :»::♦: >■>: ;-»::♦: :«;>; ;*■•«•" :♦:,«■: >:;*: >:> *.*: •»:■»; :♦;:♦: :♦;* ;♦::♦; :♦:>: •♦"«• :♦;♦' :♦::■': :♦;■>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;>: :♦:*: '*:♦: :«■;;♦: ♦: ■* ♦ ♦' .♦ * ;♦: * ♦: :♦; :♦; ;♦. .♦; :♦. ;♦; ;♦; .♦: .♦; * :♦.,♦ * :♦ >: >; >" >: * >' * * 386 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. Diinlap, Mrs. Rosetta Ford, Alpheus M. and Jeremiah C. Jeremiah C. has always followed farming, in which he has met with success, being now the owner of 280 acres of well-improved land. He was married November 11, 1875, to Miss Mattie A. Page, a daughter of Edwin Page, who was killed in the late war, having been a member of Company G, Fourth Iowa Inlantr}'. Mr. and Mrs. Gustin have five cliildren — Carj' E., Oriental J., Edwin P., Pearl and Violet. Mr. Gustin has served as school director for several years. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. ),BS. BAIRD resides on section i, Clin- ton Township, and is one of the well- known and leading pioneers of Ring- gold County. He was born in Putnam County, Indiana, December 4, 183 1. His father, John Baird, was a son of Samuel Baird, a native of Scotland, and was born in Virginia. His mother, Martha (Moore) Baird, was a native of Kentucky. They were married in Indiana and were pioneers of Putnam Count}-, locatmg in the heavy timber near Putnamville. They reared a family of six children — Samuel. Sarah Jane, Hartle}', Mary, Absalom and Martha. Abs. resided in Putnam County until he grew to manhood. His early life was passed in as- sisting on the farm and in attendmg the common schools in the log school-houses of that day. After reaching his majority he was engaged in clerking in a store for four years. In 1856 he came to Iowa by team, and was on the road thirty days. He first located upon 120 acres of wild land that his father had entered from the Government in 1853. He was married January' i, i860, !() Miss Isabella Poor, a lady of high culture ind education, who was a successful teacher .md taught the first school in Clinton and Middle Fork townships. She was a daugii- ter of Alvin Poor, a prominent pioneer of Ringgold County. A short time after his marriage Mr. Baird built a frame house, 16 X 16, the first frame house built in the township. Here he has since resided and improved his land from time to time as his means would permit, and has added to his acres until he has a splendid farm of 565 acres. It is divided into fields for the con- venience of stock, and a modern wind-mill furnishes his stock with an abundance of pure water. He has a good, well-furnished house, barn, out-buildings for stock, an or- chard of 150 bearing trees, and small fruits. He makes a specialty of stock-raising and feeding, usually keeping from 100 to 150 head of cattle. Mr. and Mrs. Baird are the parents of ten living children — William A., Ida R., Julia B., Alice E., Samuel C, Ber- tha M., James Claude, Charles L., A. Roy and Day. Two are deceased : John E. died at the age of twenty -one years, and Rufus died at the age of twelve j'ears. Mr. Baird has served creditably as township trustee, assessor, member of the Board of Supervis- ors, and was township clerk ten years. He has been a Republican since 1856. Post- ofifice. Redding. J^'RANCIS SMITH ROBINSON,one of tipl Ringgold Count)''s pioneer men, settled ^^ on section 7, Union Township, where he now lives, in the spring of 1857; his family consisting of his wife and five chil- dren. Mr. Robinson was born in Mel- bourne, Derbyshire, England, July 30, 1810, and came to the United States with his father and family in 1821, landing at Phila- delphia. The following winter they spent in Pittsburg, and in 1822 the family estab- lished their residence in Richland County, Ohio. There the father, Francis Robinson, followed agricultural pursuits the rest of his life, dying at his homestead many years .*::♦::♦: ::*:♦;:♦; >:;♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦!»; >::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:>: [♦!>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::«■: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦;;♦: :♦:•♦: :*:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦"♦: ;♦:>: >::♦: :♦:;♦; >■>; ;♦::♦: :♦;>: >"<: >■ <■ :♦;;*: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ** [♦;* !♦'.«! ;♦';♦: :♦;•: ;♦:;♦■; :♦:;♦: ;♦;>: ;*;»; :♦;;*: ;<•:;♦; .♦.;* >:;<>: :♦::♦: :♦;;«•: '*;♦; *:;«•: :♦::'»: >:>: :♦:••: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦; ;•»::♦•: ■»"■« :«:■»: >:>: :♦:;♦; :♦;* :♦::«: ;♦::♦; ■♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:*; !♦'*; »: >:.♦. :«•:*; :♦::♦; :♦::•»: :♦;♦: :♦::<•: ;♦;:♦: :♦::*: :♦;;* :♦:«- ;♦::•:: :♦;,♦■ ;♦;» :♦..* :♦:.♦ :♦;;* ;♦::♦ ;«: > • ,♦:♦:;♦;:♦;*:;♦:■<' BIOGHAPHICAL HKETCHEH 3«7 :♦:;♦: :♦:♦. >;♦ ;♦'.♦ >;:♦: >;.♦) :♦::♦: >.;♦: >:* :♦;:♦: >* :•* ;♦;>: :♦;♦ :♦::♦: •*:♦: >.:♦: >"* :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦:;♦" :«>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:* »; :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.;♦: >::«: :♦::♦: »::•: :♦:;♦. !*:>: ;♦.;♦: >.* 'A>; :«:>: .*..♦. :«:♦: :♦:'♦: ago. His first wife, Mary Tomlinson, died in England, in iSiS. His second wile was Jane Uickcns, to whom he was married in Pittsburg, in 1822. Our subject had two brothers — James, died at Philadelphia a few months after landing, and the other, Samuel, died many years later. By his father's second marriage our subject has two half-brothers, William and James S. The latter is Secretary of State in Ohio. The subject of our sketch, up to eight- een years of age, was rcaretl to a faim life, and then spent four years in a cooper's sliop. His educational advantages were limited to sixty-six days of schooling, but he availed himself of all means for self- culture. His spare moments were applied to study during the day, often working with an open grammar in sight; his nights were spent in the same indefatigable stud}-. No obstacle could daunt or hinder him in his resolve to become possessed of the power brought only to the cultured. In his twenty-second year he commenced tcacli- ing school, and taught twenty-one terms. He married Miss Joanna M. Watson, in Richland County, Ohio, November 21,1833. This union was a happy one. Nearly one- half a century they trod life's pathway to- gether through hardships of pioneer life, the toil, trials and deprivatit^ns neces- sarily attendant upon making a home in a new country. The enjoyment of hopes realized, and in all things harmony and love, was their every-day life. She died February 21, 1S82, in her sixty-ninth year. She had been a member of either the Meth- odist or United Brethren church from the age of twenty-one years. To Mr. and Mrs. Robinson were born seven children — Anna Sophia, wife of John Clark, died at Santa Cruz, Colorado, and hertwocliildrcn, Wilbur and Maggie, were reared by their grandparents. Melvin, lives at Los An- geles, California ; William W., enlisted in the Fourth Iowa, and died from fever and xo wounds received at the battle of Pea Ridge ; Oliva J., wife of H. D. Crawford, lives at Otlumwa ; Amelia 1., wife of George Bayles, of Seward, Nebraska ; Allic Mary, wife of W. H. Critchfield ; Amandus, died at Shelby, Ohio, in infancy. Mr. Rcjbinson is a member of the United Brethren church, and the author of the " Triune Tiieology," a work published in 1 88 1, and is also preparing additional mat- ter for publication under the same title. ARON RUSH, farmer, section 3, Middle Fork Township, was born in Monroe County, Kentucky, Decem- ber 8, 1826. His parents were Benjamin and Rachel (Springer) Rush, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of South Carolina. They were married in Kentucky, and reared a family of thirteen children — James, Ezekiel, Martha, William, Dennis, Desire, Miram, Joshua, Benjamin, John, Aaron, Rachel and Isaac. Aaron was reared on a farm, and obtained his educa- tion in the common schools. He was mar- ried in September, 1S47, to Miss Harmer, born in Monroe County, New York, daugh- ter of John and Sarah (Miller) Harmer. In 1849 ^^ removed to Fayette Count}-, Illinois, where he lived four years, thence to McDonough County, where he resided until the fall of 1865; then came to Ring- gold County, locating in Rice Township, where he improved 160 acres of wild land. In 1S69 he sold out and purchased his pres- ent farm, which had been partially im- proved. He has 120 acres, consisting largely of rich bottom lands on the west fork of Grand River, and it is one of the best stock farms in the vicinity. I Ic has a good story-and-a-half residence, out-build- ings for stock, a good bearing orchard and small fruits. Mr. and Mrs. Rush are the parents of twelve children — James, John, :♦;:♦: :♦:♦. >.♦. >>. >'♦ ;♦,.♦. >,;♦. ;** :♦:;♦: ••;>: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: >■>' .♦.♦ >-.♦ :♦♦: *■ 9 :•.♦. >:♦: >.:♦: >;♦: > ♦. :« ♦. ;♦..♦: :♦.;♦; »"♦; ')>'.' ff. :♦'>: ;♦::« :♦;:♦: :*::♦: »:»: >::♦: »;:♦; >!»: »::«': >::♦: »:<« >::♦: :♦::♦: »>: K*. !»!:♦: »;♦; !•::«: »;« :♦;:«( :♦:* >::♦: :♦.:■« :♦;:♦: :♦,!»! :c»: «:« :♦>: :*^$ :c« :«:♦: :♦;:« :«»: »:»: !«:♦: »w :«;♦: !c:'*i !m; :•:♦: ■• ♦' :<;<•' ;♦:>; :♦::♦; ;♦:♦; :♦::♦; :«:;♦: »; :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦; :♦:;♦" :♦::♦: >::«•; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦::* :♦::♦: :«•;« ;♦;.« :'«:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ♦:•»; ;*::■♦; >:>; ;<»::♦; »;>: ,'-■*: ■■; '»; :*:.»; >■<»; ;♦::♦; :♦;:«■; ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :*:■*; :•♦:>: >:['«! :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :■♦::♦; :■«;:♦; ;♦::♦; »::♦: ■*.♦: ;*::♦; :•»;■'>: s,»; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;>:>; >"•>; •>;s>; ;«■:;♦; :♦;:♦■ :•♦;;•<►: :♦;;♦; :♦;:«•: :♦!*: :♦;;♦; :♦:»: »:»: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:*■ :♦:;♦; ;«:.^: :<»::♦; ;♦;:♦: >::♦: ■«:« ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: ;♦:.«: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:*' •♦::♦■; :•>::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::«■ ;♦;:♦; * *■ ♦' ♦ ♦' ♦" '♦: :♦" :♦: :♦: :♦" :♦: '♦' :♦: :♦' ;♦; >" :♦: :♦' :♦: ♦: :♦: ♦■ *: «• :♦: :♦. ♦; * ♦: :«: ♦; :<«' ♦' - ■.**>;;o;*'**'*****;co>:ftA**>;>;>;.*;:*:.»::*'.*;'»,.*>.«:*:' ♦:♦; V :♦" ♦; :♦: >: •: ♦• •♦: >; ♦: >: :♦ > .,♦:,♦.:«;;♦:>.♦;»;.♦::♦;•»,;♦..♦;:♦;:♦. 888 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. Martha, Siiastus M., Rosetta, Loretta, Jo- siah Grant, Ella M., Emma O., Peter, Isaac, Narcissa. The deceased are — Sarah Eiizabetli and Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Rush has been a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal church for forty years. Politicall}' he is a Republican and a strong Prohibitionist. Postoffice, Delphos. wujcer®^-— ^^ i^^^testnifr* f FAMES P. PRICE, a leading farmer and I stock-raiser of Tingley Township, is a native of England, born in Hereford- shire, September lo, 1832, the second of seven children of Thomas and Anna (Pritchard) Price. In 1848 his parents im- migrated to America, coming on an Eng- lish sail vessel, and were thirty-one da3's making the trip. They landed at New York City, and fi^oni there went to Joliet, Will County, Illinois, and made that county their home the rest of their lives. The mother died in November, 1863, and the father in April, 1877. Two of their sons, George and Thomas, were soldiers in the war of the Rebellion, members of the One Hundredth Illinois Infantr}-, and George was killed at the battle of Chicka- mauga. James P. was reared on a farm, re- ceiving but limited educational advantages, as his father was too poor to pay for his schooling, and when sixteen years old was unable to read. After that age he went to school four winters, and thus learned the rudiments of an education. He remained with his parents until twenty-two years of age, when he went to Wisconsin, and was employed in a saw-mill, and afterward learned the cooper's trade, which he fol- lowed until failing health bade him seek out- of-door employment, and accordingly he engaged in farming. In 1871 he returned to Will County, Illinois, and lived on the home farm until after the death of his father, and the following year, 1878, moved to Ringgold County, Iowa, and settled on the farm where he now lives, on section 26, Tingley Township, where he owns 160 acres of choice land, under good cultiva- tion. His farm buildings are comfortable and commodious, and his stock of cattle and hogs are of the best varieties. Mr. Price was married in Wisconsin, July 4, 1863, to Elvira F. Higday, a native of Rock County, daughter of Henr}' and Polly (Potter) Higday. They have three chil- dren—Grant B., AdaM. and Flora M. In politics Mr. Price has always been a Re- publican, casting his first Presidential vote for John C. Fremont, and his last for James G. Blaine. IlILLIAM S. McANINCH, a pros- IV/wfl P^i'O"^ agriculturist of Jefferson l"mi^ Township, living on section 9, was born in Putnam County, Indiana, March 5, 1835, a son of Samuel McAninch, who was a native of Kentucky, and an early settler of Putnam County, settling there in 1829. Our subject was reared on the home farm, and received a common-school education in the rude, log-cabin subscription schools of his native county. He was married Feb- ruary I, 1859, to Miss Mary M. Johnson, a daughter of Isaac Johnson, of Kirkville, Iowa. To this union have been born nine children, of whom three are deceased. Those living are — Elmina A., Alvin VV., Orval H., Ottis G., Arietta M. and James A. Mr. McAninch during the war of the Rebellion, was a member of the Eighteenth Indiana Battery three years, and was in the battles of Stone River and Chicka- mauga. He was with Sherman to Atlanta, returning with General Thomas and fought at Nashville and Franklin and in other en- gagements, being under tire 167 days, and traveling over 11,000 miles while in the :*:*;>"*:»"»>>>>>>rcc*>"<*.:<>;>:>:>;>"»::*::»::c*;:*;>:.^^ :♦;;♦..«■:>::♦:;♦::♦::♦;.♦;.♦>;:♦;;♦..♦;;♦;;♦:.♦;.♦.,♦;.♦.:♦;:♦..♦..♦.,♦ if^LA BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. •JHfW service. He was promoted to Sergeant I while in the service, and received an iion- orabie (iiscliargc. lie located in Kcokiik County, hnva.in the fall of 1865, and in the , (all of I S70 became a resident of Ringojold ' County. He settled on his present farm in April, 1883, where he owns 200 acres of well-cultivated land, and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, making a specialty of Poland-China hogs. Mrs. McAninch is a member of the Methodist Lipiscopal church. -J»tJ*<-5»^>B«ffi«£-«^ fB. FISHER resides on section i, Clin- ton Township, and is one of the *• leading citizens of Ringgold County. He was born in Mercer County, Kentucky, July 15, 1831, son of James and Elizabeth (Brisco) Fisher, natives also of Kentucky. J. B. was the third of a family of seven children. When he was two years old his jiarcnts removed to Vermillion County, Indiana, and were among the pioneers of that county. His early life was spent at farm work and in attending the common schools. At the age of twenty-two he was married to Miss Mary Ann Wilkinson, a native of Vermillion County, and daughter of Joseph and Sarah (Tipton) Wilkinson. In 1855 he removed to Marion County. Iowa, where he resided two years, im- ■» ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦:♦: >.♦' .♦♦; ♦..♦: :♦.♦: :♦>: > ♦; >♦; :♦ •! :♦,;♦: :♦♦: > ♦; :♦♦; ;♦.:♦; :♦.:♦; ■♦:'♦: '♦■♦: '♦'♦: '♦'♦; '♦ »: :♦ ♦: >■ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ • ♦ ♦: >■ «. ,« ♦: .♦ ♦; ♦ ♦! 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He then removed to Worth Count}', Missouri, wliere he improved a farm and resided un- til 1864, then came to his present farm in Clinton Tounship, which was then partly improved. Thirty acres were in cultiva- tion and a small house had been built. He has added to the improvements until the Fisher farm is known as one of the best farms in the township. He has 330 acres, a good story-and-a-half house, modern St vie, surrounded with shade trees, out- buildings for stock, and a fine orchard. A wind-mill furnishes the stock with pure water, and he has ever\- convenience for stock-raising and feeding. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher have three children — James R., who resides in Benton Township ; Sarah, now Mrs. J. C. Abarr, residing in Nebraska, and George, who resides at home. Mr. Fisher is a member of the Masonic order, Mt. Ayr Lodge, No. 179, and in politics is a Democrat. Postoffice, Redding. H. SHOWALTER, residing on sec- tion 7, Middle Fork Township, has been identified with the interests of Ringgold County over twenty years. He was born in Augusta County, Virginia, April I, 1843, son of Nimrod and Sarah (Shambaugh) Showalter, natives of the same State. He was the third of a family of ten children. When three years of age his parents removed to Putnam County, Indiana, where he passed his early life as- sisting on the farm and attending the com- mon schools. In 1863 he removed to Fayette County, Iowa, where he resided three years, then returned to Putnam County for a short time, and the same year came to his present home in Middle Fork Tou-nship. He purchased 120 acres of wild land, and has since added to his orig- inal purchase until he has a farm of 200 acres of well-cultivated and well-improved land. He has a comfortable, well-furnished house, surrounded with sliade trees, an or- chard of 200 trees, and a good barn and out- buildings for feeding stock. He was married September 29, 1867, to Miss Mary Jane Shambaugh, daughter of C. D. and Sarah Shambaugh, and they have five children — Sarah Lena, Charles Walter, Cora Pearl, John William, and Avis Maud. Mr. Sho- walter has served as township trustee and as member of the School Board. He is a worth}' and consistent member of the Christian church, and in politics is a Dem- ocrat. He is classed among the leading citizens of his township. Postolfice, Red- dinsf. FOSTER, proprietor of the Foster House, and also of a harness shop, Caledonia, was born in Muskingum Count}', Ohio, October 16, 1842, son of James and Anna (Burgess) Foster. He was the second of a family of six children. When two years of age his parents re- moved to Holmes County, Ohio, where he was reared and educated. At fourteen he commenced work at harness-making, serv- ing an apprenticeship of three years. He then learned ornamental painting, and af- terward, boot and shoe-making. February 29, 1864, he enlisted in Company B, Six- tieth Ohio Infantr)'. His regiment was at- tached to the Army of the Potomac. In the engagement before Petersburg, Au- gust 17, he was wounded and taken pris- oner, and was held the greater part of the time at Andersonville. He was paroled November 26, 1864, and held at Parole Camp until honorably discharged May 8, 1865, at Camp Chase, Ohio, then returned to Holmes County. In 1872 he removed to Ringgold County, locating at Caledonia, and engaged in the manufacture of harnesses. He keeps a good assortment, and sells at :♦;:♦: >:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■«•:♦: >:* >:« :♦;:♦; ■»:>: :«■:«■: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦':♦; :♦;:■»: »: :♦::*: >::♦; :♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦:»: >;* :♦;■♦; :♦:;♦' :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«■: ;♦::♦: :•♦.:♦: :♦::♦; >:♦; :♦.:*: ;♦::«: :«•■*■ ;♦:>: :«::>>; :^:«: :<•■» :«::*■: :•>■>: ;♦.;♦: ;♦::♦. :<■::«■: :*•::♦: :■*:«■ :«;:♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >"♦: :»::♦: :♦:'*: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::»: ;♦:* :♦;;•♦• :•♦::♦: :♦::-*•: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«■■•>: - :♦"♦;;♦"♦"♦>::♦:>>::♦"♦> BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. :!1M reasonable prices. He also manufactures boots and shoes. The Foster House is truly a place where the weary traveler can find food and rest. Mr. Foster is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Lodge 293, Caledoniai and also of the Christian church. He was married February 7, 1864, to Miss Sarah I'-llen McLain, and they have five children — Dcanna, George William C, Margaret ICmma, Etta Elmina, and Orpha Adella. Mrs. Foster died June 5, 1880, and August 1, 1 88 1, Mr. Foster was married to Loretta Small, of Harrison County, Missouri. Their two children are — Florence Edith and Rachel Ellen. fOIL\ C. McCLURG, recorder of Ring- gold County, Iowa, is a native of Car- roll County. Indiana, born November 22, 1840, a son of A. J. and Isabel (Cham- bers) McClurg, his father a native of Cumberland County, Tennessee, and his mother of Ohio, a daughter of John Cham- bers. His father was one of the first grand- jurors of Ringgold County, Iowa. The parents moved to Monroe County, Iowa, where the mother died, in thespringof 1855, and the father subsequently moved to Ring- gold County and located on a farm in Washington Township, where he died in 1879. ^'"^ family consisted of tour children, John C being the eldest son. When thirteen years old he was afflicted with bone erysip- elas, which destroyed the bone in the up- per part of his right arm, leaving about four inches entirely boneless. When sev- enteen years old he began working on a farm, and followed that vocation until 1882, when he was elected to his present office and moved to Mt. Ayr, assuming the duties of his office January i. 1883. He was re- elected to the same office in 1884, having proved himself a reliable and efficient pub- lic servant. He has served seven yearb as justice of the [teace of Riley Township. October 22, 1864, Mr. McClurg was mar- ried to Mary J, eldest daugiiter of .Abraham and Lucinda Johnson. They have a family of seven childi-en — one son and six daugh- ters. Mr. McClurg is a member of Mt. Ayr Lodge, No. 169, I. O. O. F. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal churcl). --o^«l-o /TACOB A. SAVILLE, farmer, section ■^1 9, Middle Fork Township, was born in \^ Rockbridge County, Virginia, January 17, 1841, son of John and Sarah (Shaffer) Saville, natives of Virginia. He was the fifth of a family of nine children, and his early life was spent on the farm and in at- tending the common schools. When fif- teen years of age his parents removed to East Tennessee, Knox County, where he lived until 1864, when he removed to Greene Count}', Ohio, thence to Cass Coun- ty, Illinois, thence to Morgan County, same State. He was married October 18, 1866, to Mary E. Henderson. In the fall of 1S71 he came to Ringgold County, and resided a few months at Mt. Ayr. In February, 1872, he settled upon a portion of his pres- ent farm. His first purchase was forty acres. A rude log cabin had been built and two or three acres had been broken and fenced. I le has improved and added to his farm until he now has 120 acres in excellent condition. He has a good one-and-a-half story residence, modern style and well furnished, surrounded with shade trees, native oaks, a good orchard, barn, out- buildings for stock, and everything about the place indicates the thrift of the owner. Mr. and Mrs. Saville are the parents of nine children — Sarah Etta. Joseph H.,John S., Jacob, George, IJIanchie, Elmer, Belle and Guy. Mr. Saville has been a worthy * * * ♦! * *; * ♦ ♦ .♦. .♦:•; *.♦; ♦.;♦: ♦ >: ♦>: ;♦>; >;■♦: ■♦"♦; ♦ * ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦. « »: •» ♦ '♦♦■ ♦.•: ♦ ;♦; ♦ .♦: ,♦,:♦; .♦:♦; «♦; ♦ .♦. 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A A.*. .tJt .♦. .♦. .♦. .♦l .♦. -♦, .♦. ,♦. .♦. .♦. .♦• .•• -•■ ■•-•' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. :♦::•; :♦;:♦; '♦■■♦ cnllivated and well improved. April 14, 1S64, he enlisted in Company A. Forty- sixtli Iowa Infantry, and served four months; was honorably discharged and returned to his home. Mr. and Mrs. Poore are the parents of five children — Lillie, Mary Ann, Susan Edith, Roscoe W., and Clark Stanley. Mr. I'oorc is a member of Post No. 51, G. A. R., Redding, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and steward of the same; is also superin- tendent of the Sabbath-school. Politically he is a Republican. Postoffice, Redding. fOHN FOLTS is the pioneer settler of Union Township, and is still living on the same ground on which he first lo- cated in .\pril, 1855, where he now has 150 acres of well-improved land under fine cul- tivation. Mr. Folts is a native of JcfTerson County, New York, born near Watertown, June 12, 1814, a son of John and Catharine Folts, who were also born in the State ot New York, both now deceased. The father was a soldier in the war of 18 12. Our subject was the second of a family of twelve child- ren. Four of the sons and two daughters arc still living — John, Josiah, Isaac and Jacob, Margaret and Amy. One son was killed on the anniversary of his birthday, February 22, i88i, by the explosion of a steam boiler at Stockton, California. John Folts, the subject, remained under the home roof till twenty-one years of age, when he went to Ohio, where he remained two or three years. He then lived in Michigan for a time, working on the first railroad built in that State, from Toledo, Ohio, io Adrian, Michigan. Mr. Folts is one of the pioneers of Iowa, coming to this State during the Territorial days. He set- tled in Van Buren County, Iowa, in 1839, making his home in that county until he became a resident of Ringgold County, and there worked at his trade, that of a millwright, and helped to build several pio- neer mills. He was married in Van Buren County, August 13, 1843, to Miss Louisa Lewis, born in Trumbull County, Ohio, February 13, 1818, a daughter of Thomas Lewis. They arc the parents of three chil- dren — Elvira, Caroline and Martha, wife of Francis M. Waller, of Union Township. Mr. Folts never followed farming till he came to Ringgold County, since which he has made that his principal occupation. He is a man of industrious habits, and is strictly honorable in all hisdealings, and these, with hisexcelletit neighborly qualities, have won for him the respect of all who know him. In politics Mr. Folts affiliates with the Greenback party. He became a member of the Odd F'ellows order early in life, and has passed through its degrees to the en- campment. ^ -i»t^i^^f<5 ♦ > ♦ :♦> ;♦♦' ;♦,:♦. >:♦ ;♦> >>: :♦>: :♦:♦: > ♦ > •> > '" .♦ » .* ■<■ '<. ■ :♦ » >♦ ;♦ ♦ :♦ » > <• ;< * :♦.♦. '♦ * ;♦.♦: :♦:♦: ■..♦..♦..♦.♦.♦..* «♦>;:♦"♦"♦"♦»"♦"♦»"♦;:♦' ■»::♦; :♦"♦: ♦:'•• '«;*; »: '>'.'*'. ■♦'.♦; >.♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:<•: :♦;:*; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦;•»; :♦:;♦: :«:♦: :♦::*: :♦::*; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦);♦: ;♦:;♦: :*■»: *?^ »::♦: :■•■:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦:•»: :♦:>; .*::*; ;*>: '*:;♦; :♦;♦; •»::*: :«::•>; :♦;♦: •»:>: ;♦:«■: ;♦:•♦: :♦;>: :♦:•»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦;>: ;♦;•»; ;♦;;♦: ;♦:*: >:.♦: :♦:,♦; :♦>: :♦;■*: :«■ >: :♦:» :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: >•:♦: :♦:♦; :♦:<>: ;♦;<■: >:v *;:♦: ■»;>: :♦:*; :<•!,»: >^:<■ ■♦.;>: :♦:••; >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: .*:♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;>: :♦;♦: :♦:»; >::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>; >:>: :♦:> ;♦::♦: :♦"♦' :♦::♦ *: >;:*.♦■ 394 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. Mrs. Snyder have had three children, two still living — George A. and Elbert. They have taken a boy to bring up named Clyde A. Hope. Mr. Snyder located in Madison County, Iowa, in 1875, and in 1876 came to Ringgold County, when he settled on his present farm, which contains 120 acres of choice land. Since coming to Jefferson Township Mr. Snyder has served as trustee and school director. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. lENERAL 8. MOORE was born in Pickaway Count}', Ohio, April 10, 1830. His father, Riley Moore, was a native of Virginia, of Irish parentage, and died in 1847, while in the service dur- ing the Mexican war. His grandfather, Riley Moore, was a soldier of the Revolu- tion, and died in 1844, aged loi years. His mother, Mary Ann (Dyer) Moore, was a native of Virginia. His parents had a family of eight children — Isaac W., Owen, Elizabeth, Andrew [ackson. General S., Sarah, John and Nancy. Mr. Moore re- sided in his native county until twelve years of age, then came to Moultrie Coun- ty, Illinois, thence to Champaign Countv, where he lived about fifteen years. He was reared on a farm, and received his educa- tion in the common schools and at home. He was married April 17, 1851, to Miss Elizabeth Johnson, a native of Indiana, daughter of James and Juriah Johnson. In September, 1855, Mr. Moore, with wife and one child, came to Iowa, locating in Mon- roe County, until April, 1S56, when became to Ringgold County, and settled in Lott's Creek Township, on section 5. He im- proved the land and resided upon it until August, 1862. August 10, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa In- fantry. While in the service he received a wound which fractured a knee joint, an injury from which he has never recovered. He was honorably discharged May 31, 1865, at Memphis, Tennessee, and returned to his home. A short time after his return he engaged in the mercantile trade at Cale- donia, starting with a capital of $450, which he conducted in such a successful manner that in a few years the annual sales of the establishment were over $20,000. In 1867 he was appointed postmaster and served until 1882, when he resigned. In 1884 he closed out his business. He was elected count}^ supervisor and took his seat Jan- uary I, 1882. He was one of the board that purchased the poor farm and erected the court-house. He has served in several township offices. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and one of its most liberal supporters. Mr. and Mrs. Moore are the parents of six children — Mary Helen, Brewer, Owen P., Isaac W., Florence and Cordelia. James H. and Frederick A. are deceased. Mr. Moore has a valuable residence in town, a one-and-a- half-story building, surrounded with shade and ornamental trees, and well furnished. He owns 144 acres of land adjoining the town, and twenty-seven town lots. He has given his children a good education, and they are well fitted to take part in the active duties of life. He commenced life without means; but by industry and good manage- ment he has acquired a fine propert}-. Politically he is a Republican. fC. BULLARD, farmer, section 15, Monroe Townsliip, was born in Up- <* per Canada, October 26, 1842. His parents, Reuben and Caroline M. (Marvin) Bullard, reared a family of ten children, J. C. being the fifth child. When seven years of age his parents removed to Knox Coun- ty, Illinois. He was reared on a farm and his education was obtained in the common ;♦::♦: :♦"♦;• :♦::♦; ;♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;•♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; >;:♦; ■*>: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; >::♦: ;«•.;♦; :♦;;»; ;♦:;♦: :♦;>; f'.'it, :♦:;♦; *;:♦; ;♦/♦; ;♦.■♦; :♦::♦; >!>; ;»:■♦: :♦:>; ;♦!:♦: *>; :«.;♦: *;♦; *>: :♦:>: :«>':♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦• :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:» >;;♦: >•>; >::♦; :♦>; >:•»; :♦;>■; *>; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::*• ;«•::♦; :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦"♦; ;•»;;♦; >'» ■»;>: >:;♦; !♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: >::♦; ;♦:»; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;*: ;♦:;♦; :♦:.♦; ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:*; :♦;;*; :♦:;♦; >::♦; :♦;:♦: ■♦:;♦; ♦;;♦; .♦;>; ;♦;* ■*;■♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: >:;♦: »! :♦;♦•; ♦ o .♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦..♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; >;'*:c«:»;:*;»>;»;:«i;*;:c*'*:*;»;:*;:cc*:>;:«:*>>;:c'»;*:* *'■* BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. >,.♦. ;♦::♦: '«:>: :♦;:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;*: :♦::♦: :♦::«( :♦;:♦; :♦;.♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;.♦: »::♦: :♦"♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦::»: :♦::•»: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :*:■♦; :♦::♦: :«!■♦: :♦";♦: :♦"♦: :*>: :♦::♦: »::«: ;«"♦: :*♦; :♦;:♦: :«::♦: ;«♦: :♦::'»: :♦;■* :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :•:>; :♦"*; ;♦;>• »: .»>: :♦::♦: ;«>: >■>: :♦:>: >:>: :«:♦: :♦"♦: <•::«: >::♦: ;♦:>: JJ :♦;;♦: j^* .»"♦: ;**; W\ K^ :♦;!♦: 'fiiit. $^ »::♦: !♦:,« ♦ ♦ schools. In 1850 the family came to De- catur County, locating in Center Town- ship, near Leon. Here Mr. BuUarLl resided two years, then returned to Knox County, Illinois. August 6, 1S62, he enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and Second Illinois Iiifaiitrv, and participated in all the battles of his regiment, from Resaca to At- lanta; attended the grand review at Wash- ington, and was honorably discliarged in June. 1S65, at Camp Fry, in Chicago, Illi- nois. He w.as married November 9, 1865, to Hannah Jennctte Daniels, of Knox Coun- ty, daughter of Ale.vander Daniels. He then returned to Decatur County, where he resided about five years, tlien removed to Henry County for two years, thence to Decatur County again, where he liveil until 1882, and finally came to his present home in Monroe Township. His farm contains 140 acres of well-cultivated and well-im- proved land. He has a comfortable house- shade trees, an orchard, nut-buildings for stock, and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mrs. Bullard died Sep- tember 29, 1877, leaving four children — James Reuben, John C, Enos Cordell and Royal Harley. October 16, 1878. Mr. Bullard was married to Miss Sarah Ellen Butts, of Leon, daughter «)f John Butts. They have four children — Miiuiie Caroline. Frankie, Lizzie May and Elnora. Mr. Bul- lard is a member of Decatur City Lodge, No. 102, 1. O. O. F., and is a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Post- office, Keilertnn. ^ILLIA.M HORN, .M. D.. is the old- est practicing physician in Ring- golfl County. He is a native of the State of Indiana, born in .Switzerland Coun- ty, in December, 1843. H's father, \V. S. Horn, was a native of Lanarkshire, Scot- land, born in 1S16, rmd (-;ime to Amerira in 1833. His mother, Mary (Gray) Horn, was also a native of Switzerland County, Indi- ana, her parents being natives of Scotland, but early settlers of Indiana. When he was live years of age the parents of our sub- ject moved to Dela van County, Illinois, and there he was reared and educated. When nineteen years of age he began the study of medicine, with Dr. G. \V. Slack, of York- town, Indiana, and subsequently entered the Chicago, Illinois, Medical College, from which he graduated in 1866. After his graduation he located in Monmouth, Illi- nois, and in February, i86g, came to and located in Mt. Ayr, where he now has a large and lucrative practice. He stands at the head of his profession in the county, where he has lived nearl}' a score of years. He is a close student, being deeply inter- ested in anything that pertains to his profession. He is a member of the South- western Medical .\ssociation and the Decatur County Medical Society. He was married December 14, 1869, to Miss Mary Law, of Warren County, Illinois. They have two children — Minnie and James Otto. jAL.W McDonald, retired farm- T\ er, was born in Madison County, vZJ^ Ohio. May 16, 1823. His father, James C. McDonald, was a son of Thomas McDonald, a native of Scotland, and was born in Botetourt County, Virginia. He married in Tennessee, Mary Ann Melvin, also a native of Virginia, and they removed to Kentucky. About the year 1806 they removed to Ross Coun- ty, Ohio, and three or four years later to Madison County. They had a large family of childien, seven of whom lived to be grown — Mary, born in 1801 ; George, born in 1803: Phebe, born in i.Xo; : Elizabeth, liorn in 180S; Charity, .♦..♦. ;♦;♦: .♦,.♦. ■ft* w :«;:♦: >:>: :«::« *S :♦:»: :*::♦: »: :<»>; :♦>: :«•::♦: :♦,;* :♦::« m > * :♦.;♦. :♦»: ♦ ♦" '♦, ♦ ;♦.♦ > •: ♦.,♦ ,♦♦■ :*• > ♦. .♦.♦. >.♦: • •: :♦-»■ :♦:♦ :♦ » >::♦•; :♦:>; >::♦: ;♦::«: :♦::•<•: :♦;:♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦: Wi :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :<•;;♦; :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦>: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :«■::«! :♦;:♦; •♦:»; ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;.*; :♦;:•: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ■*::«•; :♦::♦: :♦;:<►; •»::«>; :•»•::♦: :♦:♦; ■•::♦: :♦:■♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :■>;■♦: ■;:♦: v»: ■■;;<•; >: ...;•>; ;*.;♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :•»:>: >'>: :<•::*: :■♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;•»: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦; :<►::« >;:♦; :♦;:♦: :*;♦: ;*>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: >::♦; ■•:;♦: ■';.♦: '■'.'*■'. ■■ ♦; ♦ :<■; HTSTORT OF PINGGOLD COUNTT. bora in iSii; John, born in 1814; and Malay, the subject of this sketch. Mr. Mc- Donald's earlv life was spent in assisting his father on the farm and in obtaining his education at the subscription schools. He was married March 9, 1843, to Miss Mary Ferguson, born in Franklin County, Ohio, November 13, 1824, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Biggert) Ferguson. He resided in Madison until 1850, when, with wife and three children lie started for Iowa. The first winter he spent in Muscatine, and the following spring moved on a farm five miles west of the city, where he resided four years. May 22, 1855, he arrived in Bloomington Township, Decatur County, and bought a claim of Matthew McClain, pa\'ing $200 for the pi-e-emp- tion. The land is described as fol- lows: South half section 29, southwest section 28, south half northwest 28, west half southeast, south half northeast 28, township 60, range 27 west. There were living in Bloomington Township at that time about seven families : Mr. McClain, John Mercer, Aaron Myers, F. M. Scott, Widow Scott's family, W. M. McDonald, John VVion and J. K. Tapscot. Mr. McDonald commenced immediately to make permanent improvements. The first house was a log cabin, 16 x 16 feet, with sod chimney, that had been erected by Mr. McClain. He improved from time to time until the McDonald farm was known as one of the best improved farms in Decatur County. At one time he owned 1,000 acres. His house was built in 1866 and was sided with black walnut ; it was one of the best buildings in the township. He was extensively engaged in stock-raising, feeding and dealing in stock. He resided on the old homestead in Bloomington Township until October 29, 1855, when he removed to Kellerton where he has 158 acres of improved land adjoining the town plat. He has a nice residence, built in modern st3-le and well furnished. Mr. and Mrs. McDonald have had four children — Margaret Ann, of Tuskeega ; George, de- ceased ; E. W., of Tuskeega, and an infant not named. .Mr. McDonald has served one term as county supervisor under the old law, and three terms as township trus- tee and assessor. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order of Decatur City, and political!}- is an independent Republican. He started in life without means, but by industry and good management has ac- quired a fine property. Among the enter- prising and successful pioneers of Decatur County, none is better known or more highly esteemed than is Mr. McDonald, and he is classed among the leading citi- zens of Ringgold County. ^^iLI LANDRETH, an enterprising and ■fMl successful agriculturist, of Liberty CfJi Township, is a native of Indiana, born in Owen County, March 5, 1837. His par- ents, Zachariah and Elmo (Fender) Lan- dreth, were natives of Kentucky and North Carolina respectively, and were among the early settlers of Indiana. They lived in Owen County till 1852, when they re- moved with their family to Mercer County, Illinois, where both died. They were the parents of ten children — six sons and four daughters, of whom seven still sur- vive. Two of their sons died in the late war. Eli Landreth, the subject of this sketch, was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools, principally in Mer- cer Count}', Illinois, to which county he removed with his parents when fourteen years old. He was married in 1859 to Miss Mary E. Phillips, a native of Michigan, but at the time f)f her marriage living in Mer- cer County, Illinois. 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MM >:>: »: >::♦: :♦:>: >!>: :♦::♦! :♦:>: :♦:♦! >;:•) »:♦! :♦.:'•) >,>: »'M >>: :♦;;* :♦::♦; >:>: :♦:•; *::« :♦::♦: >j« :♦:>: :♦;.♦: >:>: :«::«': ;♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦:;«! :♦:>; :♦::♦! :♦::«! :♦::«? :♦::♦! :♦:>: :♦:>: ■MM 'M'M 'MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM :♦::•! *i* :♦;:«> :«:♦: MM MM MM MM MM MM M/M MM :♦::* •*;* :♦::« :♦::••! :♦.;♦; MM MM MM »:m m:m MM :♦:« :♦:;♦: :♦:* :♦::« MM MM MM MM :♦"♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HOT two who died in infancy. After his mar- | riage Mr. Landreth settled on a (arm in Mercer County, where he resided till the fall of 1874. He then came to Ringgold County, Iowa, and settled on his farm on 1 sections 2 and 11, Liberty Township, where ! he has since followed farming and stock- ! raising, his cattle being of a high grade. ; He devotes some attention to raising fine I horses, and in February, 1886, he sold a | number of good animals. His farm, which is well-im])roved and under good cultiva- tion, contains 360 acres, and his residence and farm buildings are noticeably good. Politically Mr. Landreth formerly affiliated with the Republican party, but is now a Greenbacker. He has served his township as trustee for nine years. Both Mr. and Mrs. Landreth have been members of the Baptist church for many years. :<♦: :♦>: ;♦:♦; :♦:>; »: m:m. »: m:m. m:m. MM :♦!>: i^ ♦tt* :«!:♦: :♦»: :«:>: :♦;>: m :♦>: •Mi ;♦;:♦; MM »: >"♦: MTM MM :♦::♦; >.,♦: ;♦::* >:>: M.M !»>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:♦: MM MM. :♦.;♦. :♦;♦. »:;♦. 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When wc call to mind the fact that the present greatness of Iowa is all the growth of little more than fifty years, we may well anticipate the grandeur that awaits her in the future — now that she is provided with all the means necessary for the more rapid development of her inexhaustible resources. In her healthful climate, productive soil, railroad and water-transportation facilities, and her intelligent, enterprising people, wc have the best guaranty that her future JjrOgrCS'i will Iw UDmci i-ilnvti-il. The pioneer work has been done in most parts of the State, and railroads, public buildings, churches, school-houses, etc., are provided, so that the citizens of Iowa now enjoy all the comlorts, conveniences and advantages obtained in the older States, and Iowa offers to-dav proportionally greater inducements to capital, enterprise and labor. Incalculable wealth lies hidden in the inexhaustible coal mines, furnishing motive-power, and the unused water-power forming natural mill-sites, in almost every county in the State for manufacturing in- dustries. Iowa, for agricultural and manu- facturing resources, has no superioramong all the States, while her channels ol trade radiate in all directions. Next to the fertilit)- of its soil, its excel- lent climate, and the energy of its industrial classes the prosperity of the State is due to wise legislation, by which its financial credit has been maintained, internal im- provements encouraged, public instruction rapidly advanced, and immigration and capital attracted. Thirty-eiglil years have elapsed since Iowa was admitted as a State, and during that time wonilerful ch.inges have taken place. Then savage beasts and savage men contended for the supremacy in this fair domain, but both have retreated before the white man. ;!".! t,..,l iv . iviliza- > > > ♦ > '- l« ♦ > * :♦.♦ > ♦ !♦..♦ :♦::♦, >::»: »: »: »; :♦>: >::♦ » > ' >..♦ !♦;:♦. >:>: »: ;♦;;♦; >■'♦ *:♦ »;:♦: :♦:♦ :♦:.*; :♦.:♦: 'm. >::♦: »; »: »; »; :«::♦: :♦:;♦: »; :♦;•••; :♦.;♦: !♦::♦: / :♦-♦: »: ic*; :*:♦: :♦'»; :*;♦; >:>: >:>: :♦;:« >:>: :♦>; >;:♦: >::« :*:♦: :♦.:* *S >;;♦: >:>: >;;♦; :«.:« :«;« >:;♦: >.:*: ;♦.;♦: :«>: :♦:♦: :♦.:♦; :•::♦: :♦♦: :♦:♦; :♦;.*: :«:;«! »>: :♦..♦ >:>: »: >!•♦: ;♦"•' :♦♦ :♦:«■ > ♦ ■4 ♦ ; « ♦' ■*■ '♦' ■«•"♦" ■* '♦ '♦' ■•' .♦..".•. :♦'*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦•: :♦::♦: '♦::«■ ■-*■♦; '-..V. :-'•,•>: :■>:>; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: ;■»;:♦: ':»:;« ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :•♦■::♦; :♦::«• ;«::*; ;•*•::♦: :*:;■»: m ;«■:'*: :•»;,♦: :♦::♦; :♦::•«> :♦::♦: :■♦::♦: <►"<•; :•♦::♦: :•»•:♦: .v">: >;♦: :*:♦' ;♦:;«•: ;«•::♦: :■*:>: :*!:♦: ;♦;:♦! :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: wx :■♦::<■; :*::♦: ';♦:>: !♦":«• :♦"■«: ;*;♦■ •«■:.> :♦:>: >"♦: :♦'.♦: :♦:;<•; :*;:•>; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :«■::♦: ■<;:'•: ■»"«; !*!:«■ :♦::♦: :«■>: ■»;*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«•:♦: •»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;<""♦; :<^.»; :<■: «i :«-;.«■' 402 ♦•♦•■♦•■♦>•*■••*♦"»•*;♦■**♦:■♦:■♦:■♦;¥**:*:♦:*>::♦■>':♦::♦:*:■♦::♦'■*»;;♦:>::♦;;♦"♦"♦;:♦::♦:■*:♦;:♦■>* HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. tion has left its mark in numberless school- houses and churches, and in the prosperity and happiness which everywhere abound. Of Iowa, whose name is a synonym for prosperity, and her high rank in the sister- hood of States in respect of moral and material greatness, it is unnecessary to speak at length. Aside from the experi- ences of the civil war, in which the State furnished her full quota of men — and no braver men were sent to the front — the his- tory of Iowa is that ol one uninterrupted march of progress in the paths of peace, and she has risen from the condition of a Territory to one of the principal States of the Republic, in population, wealth and moral greatness. With these elements of empire inherent in it, it is not surprising that Iowa is making strides which must soon place her \vhere she will be recog- nized as one of the foremost in manufactur- ing and other industrial pursuits, as well as in agriculture. In order of admission into the Union, Iowa stands twenty-ninth ; in number of square miles she is fifteenth ; in population tenth, while in acres of tillable land her place is first. She is the third State in the amount of corn raised, while she is second in number of hogs raised, third in cattle, filth in wheat, sixth in oats, fifth in barley, fifth in flax, seventh in hay, third in milch cows, fifth in number of hogs packed, fifth in value of farm implements, sixth in value of farm products, fourth in extent of coal area, and fifth in number of banks and newspapers. In religious, educational, charitable and benevolent institutions Iowa stands among the foremost. In regard to h'.a'.thfulncss her rank is fourth, while in point of the intelligence of her people she is first, having a less percentage of illiter- acy than any other State. Twenty-one States have more persons in prison, and tlr.rty-two States more female prisoners than Iowa. In the number of postoffices she is seventh, and in the amount of postal receipts sixth, being one of the eight North- ern States which contribute two-thirds of the entire national revenue. BOUNDARIES .'\ND DIVISIONS. This empire is composed of ninety-nine subdivisions, or little republics, called coun- ties, of which Ringgold is one. It is bounded on the north by Union Count)% on the east by Decatur Count}', on the south bv the State of Missouri, and on the west by Wayne Count)'. It contains about fif- teen congressional townships, or, to be exact, twelve whole and four fractional townships. These are numbered from 67 to 70 north, in ranges 28 to 3 1 west. The area of the county is a little over 540 square miles. For organic purposes the count)' is divided into seventeen townships. TOPOGRAPHY. The county is well supplied with living water in every part, and admirably drained by the Platte and the several forks of Grand River and their numerous affluents. The general trend of the streams is southward, and they flow to the Missouri River. Water is also readilv obtained on the up- lands by digging. The principal streams acquire considerable volume before they leave the county, and afford good mill-sites and sufficient water power for the uses of the county. The valleys are interesting from the fact that they are the deepest and largest purely drift valleys in Iowa. They are eroded by the action of the water from a depth of 150 feet to more than 200 feet, and yet, except at one or two points, no rock is to be seen in their valley sides, which are drift material from top to bottom. From these and other indications the drift is estimated to reach a depth of about 200 feet. This is the deepest portion of the drift deposit in the State. The highest .♦ ■ • > ■■" '> ;♦,;♦; :•».:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;;♦: >:»: :♦;:♦: 51 ■<:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: •»:;♦: :♦:>: >"♦; :*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ■•::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::•<•; •♦::♦; ;♦;>; :♦;:♦: ;♦"♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: m. :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::'•: ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; ;*.'> ;♦.♦! :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :*.:♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >:;♦: :♦::« :♦■:♦; 'A* :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :■»;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:■♦: :«::♦: :♦:>: :•♦;:♦; '>::*: :♦;»: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:*. :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦';♦■ » ;•»■ ;♦; >: ;♦ :♦: .♦. :♦ :♦ :♦: :♦: :♦: .♦ :♦ .» • .♦. .♦. .♦. :♦ .♦; ;♦. * ;♦: .♦. .♦. .♦: * .♦. .♦. .♦ • INTROD UCTOR T. 408 ridge of land in Southern Iowa, a branch of the great watershed that separates from it in Adair County, passes down into Missouri through this county. The highest point, which is in the northwestern part of the county, is 1,152 feet higher than Keo- kuk, and that city is 444 feet above the level of the sea. Although this county is upon the Missouri slope, the bluff deposit of Western Iowa does not extend so far eastward. There is considerable timber in the val- leys of the streams ; elsewhere the surface of the county is almost all prairie, and its general aspect is peculiar and interesting. A stranger passing through the county by the ordinary routes of travel is quite un- conscious of the presence within the range of his vision of the deep valleys with their wooded banks, for the general surface upon which his eye rests is apparently all an undulating prairie. Upon approaching the streams he sees them winding through rather narrow valleys, their banks lined with a border of trees, but after crossing them they are soon lost to view again among the general undulations of the sur- face, and not even the tops of the tallest trees appear in sight. Only two exposures of rock are found in the county. One of them is in a deep val- ley in the extreme northeast corner of the county, and the other is near its southern boundary, consisting in each case of a few layers of limestone belonging to the up- per coal measures. It makes a good quali- ty of quick-lime, and some of it is suitable for building purposes. Good materials for the manufacture of brick are found in va- rious places. COAL. Coal is supposed to exist throughout the county, but no mines are yet in operation. The only attempt to find the desirable mineral was in 1884, when Francis Ellis, C. B. Morse, H. A. White and J. C. Askren sunk a shaft two and a half miles east of the station at Mt. Ayr. They bored through sixty feet of solid rock, and in all went 326 feet below the surface, finding a little coal, but not in paying quantities. This experi- ment cost its promoters $1,200. 80 > ♦ * ♦ ♦ ♦. :♦♦: :♦;'♦: ♦ •: >:♦; :♦"♦: :♦;♦ :♦;♦: :♦:♦; :•:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦, ;♦:;♦: >:;♦; ;♦.;♦; .♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: m. :♦:>; :♦:;♦: ;♦;»: :♦::♦; :♦>; :♦>: :♦ .♦ .♦ ♦ :♦ ♦. * ♦! .♦..♦. ,♦* >::♦: ;♦::♦; ■4>: * * « ♦ :♦..♦: :♦;:♦: :«:♦: :♦:■»: ;♦;;♦; :«:>: :♦:;« :♦;;•; :«.:♦: >::♦: :«:;♦: >::♦: :«>: :♦::♦: :*::« *i^ :♦.* >::♦: :♦>; ;♦>; :♦.* :♦:;♦; :*n«i >.>: :«:>: >.* :*.:*: :♦.:« :c« :«»: :«« »:«: :■»:♦: :**: »: ;♦♦; :♦:♦; :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;>' •♦♦' ►"♦"'*"♦"♦"»■■♦"«■»"♦■■♦"■♦ . ♦•■♦•■•"♦•♦"♦■vvv>>"v»"»>>>"'»i>:>>>>>> ■■ ►_♦. .♦»::♦ > ;<*3i3»;««>»_« • .♦. •. •. ». •. .» «. < vvv*>>"*"«:c*"-rc*»:»"C*::«:*»;»>::*::*>::*'«;*"*»"*:*:^ >:'»:»:»;»;;«:*:^»:a5ieir*s»r*'*>:«i«s«'«:«»:»:»>:* >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::•♦■; :♦:>; >::^ :♦:>; :•••:♦: ^^ :♦::■« :•»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:•« :♦::* :♦;:■« :«::♦: >:>^ :♦::•« ;♦:;* :♦::•« :♦::♦: 404 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COVNTT. :♦::« ;♦;:•« :♦;:■« :♦::♦! »::« >::* :♦::♦: :♦;:•« :*::♦: :♦"♦: >:;»; *:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; ':»::♦: :*::«3 :♦::« :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦;:♦; ■Sm !»::♦: *>; :♦;:« :«:« :♦;:« :♦:* :♦:« :♦::* :♦::« »;:♦: »::« :♦;:•« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: »:;♦: ;♦::« »::« ;♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;>: ;♦:;♦: :♦:>; ;♦:»: :«;« *:••;■ &isr^.^|p^^Mg^^MglgiggEg^g^^MoMg^g!a^J5^at5tgM^ w^.— ^ ^f^ ^ ^^T^^ tiiS -^- €^ »^ iHE continuous history of Iowa as the abode of white men begins with May i, 1833. Previous to that date every acre was in the legal possession of the Indians. As a result of the Black Hawk war of 1832, a strip of land facing the Mississippi, and about fifty miles deep was opened to settlement after April 30, 1833. It was not long, of course, before the advent- urous pioneers began to encroach upon the domain reserved to the Red^Men, and many an iso- lated cabin was built in the interior in vio- lation of the laws. These were frequently removed by the use of the military. In 1836 a treaty was made, ceding another large tract for the uses of civilization, but the rights of the Indians to the lands re- served to them were very strictly guarded, no white person being allowed to settle on Indian lands. By the treaty of 1842 the whites were again prohibited from settling on the lands purchased in that year, until May I, 1843, or even to carry an ax into the Indian country. It was by the terms lv.v:^f:if.v:^^^if.v:i^.':>f:^!!f.v.v:ff.v:M'f ;♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦:>: >;>; ;♦;;* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦; :♦;:♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; *::♦; :♦::♦; :«:>: :♦;:♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: of this last treaty that the land embraced in Ringgold County was opened to settle- ment. THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE. The southern part of what is now Ring- gold County was involved in the famous dispute between Iowa and Missouri, which began in the autumn of 1839 ^^^ ^''^^ set- tled ten years later. In the meantime the general supposition was that the strip be- longed to Missouri, or would be so de- cided. Joint Resolution No. 7 passed in Febru- ary, 1844, recites that in the autumn and winter of 1839 an unjust claim was made by the Governor of Missouri to a portion of territory lying within the limits of Iowa ; that the marshal of Iowa, acting by Na- tional as well as by Territorial authority, had called for an armed posse to preserve peace and to resist the encroachment of Missouri authority within the well-known limits of Iowa; that several hundred patri- otic citizens had obeyed the marshal's summons late in 1839, marching in an in- clement season ; that an account of the e.\'- penses had been taken by a United States official, but had not then been liquidated. These things having been recited, Hon. A. C. Dodge, then Territorial delegate in ;<■::*•; :■>.:*: »; >::♦: :♦::♦; :*:♦; :♦;;♦; ;*;♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦; :♦:♦; :-!■::♦: ;<■>; '^.'.^. '♦:;*: ;♦:>: ;«•::♦: :♦!>; :♦.;♦: ;»:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::« :♦:;♦; :♦:;«■: :♦:;♦: ■*>: >.■*: >':♦: :■♦■::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :«!:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦"♦: :•»:;♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :*::♦; :*:♦: :♦♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;■»:;♦; ;;♦•:♦;;♦::♦:■»; ^.♦J>^-**AJ'L*.A,1'.tA-*-***'.A-*^.*^*-*,*..*-.*-.*.>*..* .*-.♦..♦. K.^'^'~*..*..*..*.*,X.*.*J'.AJ'.■*^.S.J^J^^JU^J^^..*A*JU^.*J^J^J^^^JJ^j^J^.^^ GENERAL HIS TORT. 4U5 Congress, was called upon, not only to se- cure pay for the volunteers, but for the marshal's services as well, " in preserving the peace and protecting the southern boundary of Iowa." Chapter 23, Laws of 1846, approved Jan- uary 17, recites the fact of the arrest of the sheriff ot Davis Countv by the aullioritics of Missouri, and the probability of litiga- tion arising from the dispute between Iowa and Missouri. The Governor was, accord- ingly, authorized to draw upon the Ter- ritorial treasurer for $1 ,500 to defray counsel fees in cases where either the Territory or its citizens might be a part)- against Mis- souri. Chapter 3, Laws of the First General Assembly, approved January 16, 1847, au- thorizes the Governor to agree with the State of Missouri for the commencement and speedy termination of a suit in the Supreme Court of the United States to de- termine the true location of the boundary line between the two States. The sum of $1,000 was appropriated to defray the ex- penses of the same. This dispute arose in consequence of two surveys having been made of the northern boundary of Missouri, the first begun at the head of the rapids in the river Des Moines, and the second at the foot of the Des Moines rapids, in the Mississippi. The dif- ference between the initial points was nearly nine miles. Missouri having elected to as- sume the northern line as her boundary, and Iowa, the southern line as hers, there was, of course, a conflict of jurisdiction over a strip of country nearly nine miles in width, it being claimed by both States. The vexed question was settled in Iowa's favor, in 1850, when the boundary was established by commissioners, who had the line carefully surveyed. Posts were erected a mile apart, every tenth post being of iron. This in- creased Ringgold County's area by one- fourth. FIRST SETTLEMENT. Charles H. Schooler and family, the first residents of Ringgold County, settled in the southeastern part in 1844. For two years his was the only white family in the vicinity. In 1847 Manoah B. Schooler was bom, the first white child born in the coun- ty. In 1846 James M. Tcthrow settled near Mr. Schooler, but for several years there- after there appears to have been no further immigration. These two families thought they were living in Missouri, until the survey of 1850 made them citizens of Iowa. In the spring of 1854 the population of the county was increased to nine families, and the following autumn and spring of 1855 saw a brisk immigration, four or five settlements or ncigliborhoods being formed, in as many different portions of the coun- ty. The names of these are mostly given further on, in the account of the organic election of the county. In the biographical department of this volume are given such personal histories of many of the pioneers as can be obtained. CIVIL HISTORY. The territory in Ringgold County was technically a part of Des Moines County from 1834 to 1836, under the Territorial Government of Wisconsin. Then the Ter- ritory of Iowa was organized, and for some years this region rcmanied undesignated, unsurveyed, and unsettled. In 1847 the boundaries of the county were established, and the name Ringgold given, in honor of Major Samuel Ringgold, who was mortally wounded in the battle of Palo Alto, fought a little more than a year before, in the Mexican war. For the next four years Ringgold was included within the tem- porary count}' of Pottawatomie. Then it was attached to the newly-organized coun- ty of Decatur. ;♦ .♦: .♦.♦: .*.:♦: :♦::♦: :»::*: :♦♦: ♦ ♦: ;♦♦: :♦♦: :♦.♦: :♦♦; ;♦ ♦: ;♦:♦: :♦'♦: >>; > > :•»♦ ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦: ■♦>■ '♦!♦' < <-■ ♦ <: ♦ > ♦ V ;♦:.♦: *:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: ♦ ♦ ;♦ +: ♦ ♦: .♦ ♦: *.*'. *'*' ♦ ■^♦>>rc«>>>;>;>>;:<*;»;:»:s»:3i!:«»;;*:.*::*:*>^^^^ ** 406 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. :♦;>! >:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:* ;*:>: >::♦: >;:♦; >i* >:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;>: :•>:;«. :♦:;«•; ;•»:!*' >::♦; >;* ;♦:;•»•; ;♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦.;♦: :♦;>; :♦;:♦: >;■»! :♦::♦: !♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;•»>: >:>; :♦;:♦; :«:♦: :«::«•; :«•;:♦: :♦::<>: :<•■;>: :♦::<•: :*■>: :♦::•»•: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :«::♦; :♦::»: [♦:>: :■>:>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:* :♦:■♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦/* :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: >;:♦' 't'.'f>. .«:;* :•(::♦: :♦:* ;<■:>■: >:« ;♦::» :♦■>: :♦::♦. :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦":*•: :«::♦' :♦,;♦: ;♦::♦: :*::♦; By an act of the General Assembly, ap- proved February 4, 185 1, John W. Ellis and Reason Wilkinson, of the county of Davis, and H. B. Notson, of the county of Decatur, were appointed commissioners to locate and establish the county seat, for which purpose they were to meet at the house of H. B. Notson. On the 26th of June of the same year, they reported to the Board of Commissioners of Decatur Coun- ty—as they were required to do by law— that they had selected a place for the county seat of Ringgold County, and had desig- nated the location by setting a stake about four miles south of the center of said coun- ty, and that they had named said county seat Urbana. They further reported that they could not give a more particular description of the place for the reason that the land had not yet been surveyed into sections. Probably at this day no- body knows the exact location of Urbana. This first attempt to organize the coun- ty was not a success, for the reason that it did not contain a sufficient popula- tion. On the i6th of October, 1852, the coun- ty judge of Taylor County, ordered that Ringgold County be a separate election precinct, to be called Schooler Township, and that the place of voting at the presi- dential election be at the house of Lot Hobbs. This was in the southern part of the county, where there is now a creek that bears the name of Lott's Creek, which de- rived its name from this early settler. Charles H. Schooler, Abner Smith and Jesse Harper were appointed to act as judges of this election. Charles H. School- er was elected justice of the peace, and Lot Hobbs constable of Schooler Town- ship. The latter was also appointed super- visor of roads, and one Littleton Allen, a commissioner to locate a road from the State line, in a northeast direction across the county. LOCATION OF COUNTY SEAT. January 5, 1855, another legislative act was approved, appointing commissioners to locate the county seat of Ringgold County. They were George VV. Jones, Robert W. Stafford and George A. Haw- ley. Joel Chambers was then acting as justice of the peace in " Schooler Town- ship" (Ringgold County), and the com- missioners were sworn by him. Their obligation is in the following words, and is the oldest record in the court-house at Mt. Ayr : s. s. State of Iowa, Ringgold County. Personally appeared before me, an act- ing justice of the peace within and for the county and State aforesaid, George W. Jones, Robert W. Stafford and George A. Hawley, commissioners appointed by the act of the Legislature of the State of Iowa, approved January 5, 1855, to locate the county seat of Ringgold County, Iowa; who upon oath depose and say that they will faithfully and impartially discharge the duties assigned, to the best of their abilit}' and judgment. George W. Jones, R. W. Stafford, George A. Hav^^lev. Sworn to and subscribed this i6th day of April, 1855. Joel Chambers Justice of the Peace. The report of these commissioners was made to the county judge of Decatur County, on the iSth of April, in the follow- ing terms : "We, the undersigned commissioners ap- pointed by act of the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, approved January 5, 1855, to locate and name the seat of justice of Ringgold County, and report to the county judge of Decatur County in case there should be no county judge in said >;;♦::♦"♦: :♦:>] >:>: >;>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::•♦• :■*:♦: :♦;:♦: >:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:•»• :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;>: ;♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;>: >::♦: ;♦:»: ;♦;:♦; »::♦; :♦::♦; '!t:if. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«::« :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ■" •*: ;♦.:<>: ;«:>: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;*; :♦::♦: :♦;»; :♦;»; ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; %:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: ;♦:;* :■•"■♦•: ;♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :<■*: ;»;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:«: '♦:>: ;<>•::♦: .•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"* .■»:< >:>:>::♦:■>;;♦::♦::♦;:♦:■*:♦::♦::♦::♦::♦:;♦:»>>:*>>>--♦■-♦-.* • .♦ ;♦;♦, ,♦. .♦. .♦ .♦ ,♦ .♦. ;♦. ♦ :♦ .♦ .♦ .♦ GENERAL HISTORY. 407 ♦ ♦) >♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ :♦: "♦ •; ♦ >■ county of Ringgfold, respectfully submit to you the following^ report, to wit : That we have examined the diflerent portions of said county of Ringgold, after having been duly qualified, and have made selection of the southwest quarter of section 6, town- ship 68 north, range 29 west, for the seat of justice of said county of Ringgold, and given it the name of Mt. Ayr, and the said Mt. Ayr is by the authority vested in us hereby declared to be the seat of justice of said county of Ringgold." John S. Sheller, of Lucas County, was the owner of the land on which the coun- ty seat was to be located, and as an induce- ment to the commissioners he executed a bond to convey to the county the cast half of the quarter section chosen, so that he and the county would each own half of the town lots. The bond was as follows : " Know all men that I, John S. Sheller, of the county of Lucas, in the State of Iowa, am held and firmly bound in the penal sum of $2,000, to the county of Ringgold, in the State of Iowa, to make, or cause to be made, a good and sufficient deed, with general warranty, to said coun- ty to the cast half of the southwest quarter of section 6, in township 68 north, range 29 west. Now the condition of the above obliga- tion is such that whereas the commissioners appointed to locate the county seat of Ring- gold County, Iowa, have located the same upon the land of said Sheller, to wit : Upon the southwest quarter of section 6, in townshi]) 68 north, range 29 west, he, the said Sheller, hereby obligating himself in the consideration of the said location, to convey to the said county the aforesaid premises upon the condition that the said county seat shall be laid off into lots, streets and alleys, that the said line shall consti- tute the center of the town in connection with the west half of said quarter section, making the public square one half on cither side. Said deed to be executed and de- livered on or before the ist day of May next, in witness whereof I hereunto sign my name, this, i8th day of April, A. D. 1855. "John S. Smeller." Mr. Sheller also agreed to have the sur- veying done at his own expense, and gave a bond of $100 for that purpose. On the 9th of June Mr. Sheller delivered to the county the following deed, the first made and recorded in Ringgold County : " For and in consideration of the location of the county seat of Ringgold County, upon the southwest quarter of section 6, in townshiji No. 68 north, of range No. 29 west, we hereby convey to the county of Ringgold, State o( Iowa, the east half of the southwest fractional quarter of section No. 6, in township No. 68 north, of range No. 29 west, and warrant the title against all persons whomsoever. Witness our hands, this 9th day of June, A. D. 1855. " Edward A. Temple, " Jane E. Temple." This was attested in the usual form by the clerk of the District Court of Lucas County. William McCormick was em- ployed to survey the town, according to plans furnished by Sheller and Judge Ha- gans. The surve}- was made in the latter part of June. ORGANIZATION OF COUNTY. Before this, however. May 14, 1855, Ringgold County had been formally organ- ized. William N. McEfce was appointed organizing sheriff, and given instructions as to the proper mode of procedure. Mr. McEfee was required to take the following oath before assuming the duties of his office : " I, William N. McEfee, do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of the L'nited States, and the State of Iowa, and faithfully and impartially demean my- self in office as organizing sheriff of Ring- ♦ ♦ ■»■♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦ >, ;♦.♦. ♦ ». ♦ .♦' .♦..♦. :♦.:♦. ;♦.;♦; ■♦,"♦: » ♦; » *■'. ♦ ♦: ♦ ». ♦ ♦: ♦,♦1 »..♦: » ♦; ♦ ♦; *• *■'. ♦ ♦: ♦. ♦: V ♦. ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; >■*: >:> >'* >:♦; *'♦; :♦][♦; >:>; >.!«• :«::♦: >:;♦; '♦.:♦; ;<->: :«::♦; :■»:;♦: ■♦-S ;♦:■>; >'>: >>>; :♦.;■»: >■->! >.*) :<•::*; ;<■/>! '*>>■ ;■»>; ;♦;■*: ;■<•:«•: :>:>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦:;«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: ;♦;■* *:>; :♦::♦: :•»:>; :♦:•♦: ;>::♦: >:>: >;:♦: :•*::♦: >;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:«■ :»!:♦: :♦:>; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦'♦; :•♦•:;*: ;♦:;♦■; >:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;> :♦;:♦; :«::♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦:>: :•»■♦; :♦:>: :*;>. ;**: :*.♦; :♦. ♦: ;■•».:■♦; ;•»;.♦; :*.:♦. :♦::♦■; ;♦;:♦•: :♦;;♦: :■♦::♦: :•♦;:♦: :♦;'♦; *;•»: ;♦::♦: :<» •*: :«>: 408 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTi: gold County to the best of my ability. So help me God. " Subscribed and sworn to before me, a justice of the peace of said county, May 14, 1855. " Joel Chambers." David Enyart, L. S. Terwilliger and William Lovewell were chosen judges of the election, and subscribed to the follow- ing obligation : " We, L. S. Terwilliger, David Enyart, and William Lovewell, do solemnl}' swear that we will impartially, and to the best of our knowledge and ability perform the duties of judges of this election, and will studiously endeavor to prevent fraud, de- ceit and abuse in conducting the same. "Subscribed and sworn to before me on this, 14th day of May, 1855. " William N. McEfee, "Organising Sheriff of Ringgold County, lozva. Joseph W. Cofer and Andrew S. Mc- Bride were appointed clerks, and took a similar obligation, in these words : " We, Joseph W. Cofer and Andrew S. McBride, do solemnly swear that we will impartially, and to the best of our ability and knowledge perform the duties of clerks of this election, and will studiously en- deavor to prevent fraud and abuse in con- ducting the same. " Subscribed and sworn to before me on this, the 14th day of May, 1855. " William N. McEfee, '^Organizing Sheriff of Ringgold County, Iowa." Thirty-four citizens voted at this organic election, and their names are worthy of record in this place. They were : William Barber, Hiron Imus, Reuben Morris, John A. Lesan, Nathaniel Curtis, Alexander S. Wiley, Stewart Barber, Jo- seph A. Stratton, Joel Chambers, Jacob Case, Thomas Lovewell, James Tethrow, Thomas Hughes, C. H. Schooler, Matthew B. Brown, John Summers, Henry Rowlan, Wendell Poor, Ephraim Cofer, Solomon Lovewell, E. L. Sales, Henry Snyder, E. Imus, John Tyler, William Shoemaker, Peter Doze, James C. Hagans, Joseph W. Cofer, Henry Boston, Henry Miller, Will- iam Lovewell, David Enyart, L. S. Ter- williger and A. S. McBride. The result of this election was: James C. Hagans, County Judge ; Matthew B. Brown, District Clerk ; Joseph W. Cofer, Treasurer and Recorder; Hiron Imus, Sheriff ; Charles H. Schooler, School Fund Commissioner. x-\t the first regular elec- tion, in August following, ninety-one votes were polled. Judge Hagans and Mr. Cofer were re-elected ; Peter Doze was chosen Sheriff, and Wendell Poor, School Fund Commissioner. Thus the county govern- mental machinery was set running in its entirety. SETTLEMENT WITH TAYLOR COUNTY. It will be remembered that up to this time, since 1852, Ringgold County had formed a township of Taylor County. On the 29th of June, 1855, the judges of the two counties met and made a settlement of financial accounts. There was in the hands of the Taylor County judge, $19.96, which had been collected by Charles H. Schooler for the following purposes : County tax, $5.00; State tax, $3.26; school tax, $6.35; bridge tax, $5.35 ; total, $19.96. The warrants outstanding on account of Ringgold County at this time were as fol- lows : D. B. Wilson, $8.16; James M. Teth row, $1.02; William Barber, $1.37; Joel Chambers, $2.96; James M. Tethrow, $5.00; total, $18.51. The net capital with which Ringgold County began business was therefore, $1.45. FIRST TERM OF COUNTY COURT. The first formal meeting of the county officers was held at the house of Ephraim GENE it. I L HIS I OH ) : 400 >:♦; .♦ * > ♦. :♦ ♦: >♦ !♦ ♦ > ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦:«: >>■ >>. > ♦' :♦:♦. >> > *' :♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦. > ♦ >♦ ;♦ ♦ >> >■ •' :♦ I- ;♦ * > > .♦ * > ♦ ;* ♦ >.♦. :♦♦: ',* * > ♦. :♦ ♦ so >.♦, :♦.♦: :♦>' :♦■♦ > .♦ :♦.* I* ♦ > ♦ > « :♦.:♦: :♦;♦: >♦ > ♦ > ♦ ;♦> :♦:♦. ;♦> >.♦ >♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ « > ♦ ♦ ♦ > V ;♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦♦: Cofcr, about six miles south of Mt. Ayr, July 2, 1855. There were present James C. Hagans, County Judge ; Matthew R. Brown, County Clerk; Hiron Imus, Sher- iff ; and Joseph W. Cofer, Treasurer. The first business taken up was to extend the time of Peter Doze, Assessor, to enable him to complete his work. He was given until July 16. Levi S. Terwilliger was appointed a jus- tice of the peace in and for the civil town- ship of Ringgold County, Iowa, until the first Monday in August next, and until his successor is chosen and qualified. The county was then divided into quar- ters by the range line between 29 and 30, and the township line between 68 and 69. Each of these quarters, comprising four townships, formed an election precinct, or township. The northeast precinct was numbered i, and named Sand Creek. The house of Stanbury Wright was designated as the place of holding elections, and Stan- bury Wright, Levi S. Terwilliger and Spencer Dady were appointed judges of elections. The northwest precinct was numbered 2, and named Piatt. The house of Garrett Bird was designated as the place of hold- ing elections, and Garrett Bird, Norval Bridges and Rowland Andrews "be and they are hereby appointed judges of elec- tions." The southwest precinct was numbered 3, and named West Fork. John McGaughey's house was named as the place of holding elections, and John McGaughey, Joel Chambers and William Lovewell were chosen judges of elections. The southeast precinct was numbered 4, and named Lott's Creek. Joseph Strick- land's house was selected as the place of of elections, and Joseph Strickland, Will- iam J. Merritt and Ephraim Cofer were named as judges. Charles H. Schooler resigned as school fund commissioner. Harvey Waugh was appointed in his place, but failed to qualify. The next entry on the judge's record is really funny: "It appears that the judge has received as fees, $1.75, and the clerk has received, 25 cents, and the recorder has received, $7.60, total, $9.60. " The dividend being struck, each offi- cer's share is $3.20." What would the officers of the county think to-day of adding together the fees of all the officers and then dividing the same, share and share alike? A regular election for county and town- ship officers was ordered held the first Monday in August, and the election returns were directed to be taken to the house of Ephraim Cofer, to meet again at which place the court adjourned. SUBSEQUENT PROCEEDINGS. July 13 the report of Peter Doze, As- sessor, was received and he was allowed $45 for assessing, being employed thirty days. August 7 it is recorded that no appeals were made from the assessment. Each of the four precincts was declared a road dis- trict, and entitled to a supervisor. August 8 the only business transacted, besides appointing Wendell Poor school fund commissioner, was fixing the bonds of various officers as follows: Justices, $1,- 000 ; constables, $500 ; treasurer and sheriff, $5,000 each. September 4 the fees were again pooled. The judge contributed $8.75 ; the clerk, $1.00; and the recorder, S700; total, §16.75. Each officer was awarded $5.58, which, added to his former dividend, made $8.78. The record adds, " leaving a bal- ance due each office from the county for the quarter's service, ending August 8, 1855, of $3.56. October i the tax levy was fixed as fol- »::c*'¥V'»y«"«5i>:*:*:«:*:*"*:c»:>>>"*:>"*::c*>;:*.>:>;:c*;:*;>:>::^^^^ »:*:*:;c»;:c«:*»:>::c»;>;:*:>:»::c*::c«»;:*xc*>;:c*;:<*;:*:*;>:>;:^^^^^ :♦::« ;♦:;♦: 410 his tort of ringgold countt. :«:>: :♦:;♦: .%:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »;:♦: :♦:'♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: *>: ;♦:♦! ;♦;:•:-: :♦:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:•>: >:;*: :♦::♦: >;^; >:.*: ;♦>: '♦.♦: :*:*: !♦:•'/: :♦:♦. :♦;:<>: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:;♦; >;♦; :♦;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;;*; :♦;»: :♦' >; :■•:.<■: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: '♦>: >:<»; *:yx >::♦; :♦::♦•: :♦>: ;♦;♦' ;♦:;♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;■♦: '*"♦: :♦:;*: ;♦;>: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«:♦; >•■♦; ;♦]♦! :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::<•: >;:t- .*;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>■. , *** >::♦:* lows : County purposes, four mills on the dollar ; State purposes, one and one-fourth mills on the dollar ; school purposes, one- half mill on the dollar; road purposes, one- half mill on the dollar; road poll tax, $1.00; poll tax, 50 cents. On petition of Mary Imus George W. Lesan was appointed guardian of the minor children, Daniel, Clark, Seth, Andrew, Luke, Sarah, Leonard O., Lewis B. and Luther N., of Horatio M. Imus, deceased. On the following da)' a settlement was made with Charles H. Schooler, collector, appointed b)' Judge Low, of Taylor Coun- ty, to collect taxes of Ringgold County for 1853 and 1854. He was charged with $104.46, and credited with $80.46, leaving $24 cash on hand. This term of court was the first held at Mt. Ayr. November 5, appears the following entry : " The first business taken up was the disposition of certain property in the hands of Peter Doze, belonging to the Indians, to wit : Three guns and sixteen steel traps. It is therefore ordered that the sheriff, Peter Doze, after giving legal notice thereof, make sale of said property for cash or county orders, and pay the proceeds into the county treasury, to be applied on the payment of county expenses for removing said Indians from said county in the year 1855. Which said sale is to be on the first Monday in December, 1885, at Mt. Ayr." November 6, the first marriage license was issued from the County Court, to James O. Lock wood and Lucy A. Goer. The estate of Horatio M. Imus was in- ventoried at $2,471.91. December 24, the second marriage li- cense was issued, to Josiah Turner and Eliza Ann Scott. The ceremon}' itself was performed by Judge Hagans, on the same day. February 27, 1856, a license was issued to William Cavin and Mary Imus. March 4, 1856, Township No. 5 was :c'i>:;c«:«:«:c«:«:c«:::«:«3i^c«:cerccc«:«r!»>::. » ♦ ;♦,♦: >♦. > .♦. ♦ * .« ♦.' .♦ ♦ ♦ •' .♦ ♦ ♦ • « ♦ ♦ 412 HIS TOR r OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. -.♦; ■>;:♦; -:♦: ■:>: >: *;.♦; »::♦: ■ :♦::♦; :*::♦; :*:♦; :«:♦; >::♦; >"♦: :*::♦: :•»::♦: ;♦"♦; . ,»: :»;.*: .*;>: :*;:•♦; ■>:>; ■ *; ■ '♦) :v:.*: >::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:*: !*:;♦: ■•^:>; !■::♦; -•::♦; ..•>; ■»: •.>; :>::♦: >:;* :*"♦; :•»:♦; :♦::♦; ■;♦; ■::♦" ■■♦: •::♦: ►.:■>: 'MM :♦:»: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :•♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:;♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: *;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :-»:;♦: :♦::♦: %;♦: :♦:!»: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 1^ :♦:;♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦"♦: »::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: ;♦::♦: :<•::♦: :♦::♦: :•♦■:♦: ;*:♦; ;♦"♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»: :•»;:«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: [♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:•»: w.v. :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >;;♦; <•::« !»;:«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦:»: >:;♦; ;♦:♦: :♦:>: vengeance against the Indians. Settlers soon gathered together for a fight. Wo- men and children were sent to a place of safety, and in a few instances the able- bodied head of the family had important business to attend to just at that time, and betook himself to parts unknown. The settlers being reinforced by a com- pany of militia from Chariton, everything was made ready for the approaching con- flict, and the Indians, who at that time were encamped on Twelve Mile Creek, sec- tion 34, Pleasant Township, Union County, were surrounded, and their surrender de- manded. Having had some intimation of the trouble brewing, they were not surprised at the demand, wisely determining to re- main and refute the charges, and after a short parley they stacked their arms and surrendered under protest. A council was at once called, and the trial, though necessarily conducted in an informal manner, was proceeded with, the first step being to find the gun which the ball, taken from the body of the murdered man, would fit. One by one each gun was tried, until no more were left, but none were found which carried a ball of that caliber. The whites then consulted aside ; the In- dians and their guns were all there, yet though generally believed to be the mur- derers of Driggs, it was impolitic to resort to extreme measures in the face of the facts developed. At this point an old Indian, swarthy and muscular, by name Wanwoxen, stepped forward, and, in broken English, presented the cause of his people ; recounting the friendly relations they had always sus- tained with the pale faces of the settlement, and expressing his sorrow and disapproval of the murder of Driggs, he pressed the point that the bullet would fit the gun of no Indian of the tribe. Gathering confi- dence, he became more eloquent, and with uncouth gestures argued their entire inno- cence, and called particular attention to the fact that the murderer's gun had burned the clothing of the dead man. Said he: "No Indian there! No Indian there! Indian never shoot when he can strike!" at the same time significantly touching his tomahawk. At the conclusion of his ha- rangue he stepped out from his fellows, and throwing off his blanket and baring his breast, said: "Indian no shoot Driggs; shoot Indian if you want to." These words, with their previous peace- able reputation, and more than all, the last self-sacrificing act of the warrior in offer- ing himself a sacrifice to appease the wrath of the pale faces, created a diversion in their favor. Some of the whites were still disposed to believe the Indians guilty, while others took the opposite view. Hale was then subjected to a more searching examination. He manifested much hesi- tancy in testifying, and his stories failed to show that there were any Indians there, he claiming that he heard the shot fired and saw Driggs fall, but did not see who fired at him, but supposed it to be Indians. After obtaining all the testimony possi- ble, it was decided to restore the arms to the Indians, as no case had been made out against them. A feeling of apprehension obtained a foothold with many of the set- tlers, and the final result was the removal of the tribe to the Indian reservation in Kansas, about 1856. Hale did not remain in the neighbor- hood, but soon after took his own and Driggs' wife and removed to Bear's Set- tlement, thirt3'-five miles south, in Mis- souri, and the sequel to the murder of Driggs showed the Indians to be entirely innocent of his death. The winter follow- ing, Mrs. Hale suddenly sickened and died, and rumors gained ground that ever^-thing was not right ; it was then remembered SL m ^* !»:>: :«t>: >:>: :♦::*■ :♦:;« >.:♦: >::♦: iJJ :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: >:>; :♦:>: :♦:;*: >::« >::«: >;>; :«::♦; >::♦: >:;*; >;>: :♦::♦: :♦::•; >:>: >::«: :♦>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« >::♦: :♦:;* >::«': :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;«> :♦::« :♦::* :♦:* :♦;:« :♦:;«! :♦::«> :♦:;* :«::<•: :«;« >:>; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::* >::« :♦;;« >:>: :♦:« :♦.:«! :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦;:« •♦::■« :♦:»: :«:« »::« >:;♦: :«!:«': :«:>: :«::« :♦;:♦: >::♦: >::♦: ;«::♦: :♦::*• :«:;«! r GENERAL IIISTORT. 418 that the ball which failed to fit the Indians' rifles was the exact caliber of that used by Hale, and the opinion became current that he and not the Indians was the murderer; but the settlers, without exception, exon- erate the Indians from all comphcity in the matter. Some property of the Indians, consisting of three guns and sixteen steel traps, was sold at auction by the sheriff, Peter Doze, the first Monday in December, 1855, toward defraying the expenses of the removal. November 6, 1855, the county judge issued warrants to several citizens to pay for pro- visions, used while removing tlie Indians to Kansas, as follows: Catherine Himcs, $3.50; Mary Imus, $3.50 ; Henry Rowlan, S3.00 ; Henr}- Broad- water, $2.50; Peter Doze, $5.00; Wendell Poor, $2. 50; N. H. Dewitt, S300; F. A. Millsap, $33.10; Josiah Aldrich, $2.50; Henry Skidmore, $1.75 ; John Skidmore, $11.75; William Haviland, $1.75; David Edwards, $3.00; Barton B. Dunning, $10.00. The Indians had no legal right to resi- dence in this county, but had lingered for a time after the departure of the main body. FIRST COURT. The first district court for Ringgold County convened at Mt. Ayr, May 25, 1857. Judge John S. Townsend presided; Randolph Sry being the Clerk. John W. Warren was appointed Prosecuting At- torney. The following were the petit jurors: Sanford Marrow, David M. Le- san, John C. Stuart, William Skinner, Will- iam Francis, Henry Roland, John L. Rush, C. G. Rowell, Thomas Marshall, Henry Crabbs, William M. Water, A. W. Tice, Samuel Allison, A. J. McClerg, and L. S. Terwilligcr. Luke Shay was naturalized at this term, this being the first business transacted after organizing the court. The first grand jury empaneled was at the October term of the same year, and was composed of the following persons : John Shields, William C. Harvey, William Tur- ner, Michael Stahl, Isaac Oliver, Thomas M. Hall, Henry Arnett, John Morgan, John Carman, Gabriel Huffman, Henry J. Duwitt, William Arnett, Reuben B. Moul- ton, E. W. Rice, Anderson W. Tice. RINGGOLD'S FIRST COUNTY JUDGE. One of the most prominent men in the early history of the county was Judge Hagans, who wielded great influence from the time of his first election as county judge until his death. He came to the county from McDonough County, Illinois, in June, 1854, and was a native of Ken- tucky. He served the people three terms in the office of county judge, and was elected State Senator at the general elec- tion of 1857, from the district composed of the counties of Ringgold, Taylor, Adams, Union and Clarke. He served with ability in the Eighth and Ninth General Assem- blies. He discharged his last senatorial and official duties at the extra session of Sep- tember, 1862. Soon after this time his health began to fail. He died September 7, 1863, at his home in Mt. Ayr. > * :♦> :♦::♦; >;♦; >::♦: »; >::♦: >>: :♦::•; :♦:«': »: »: >,;♦; :♦:♦: :♦:>: >:;♦; :«.>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;*■ >;:« :♦::♦; :♦:♦: >;* :•>: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: »: :«:♦; :♦::« Wff. ^ :♦::« :♦"« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:« :-•:«: :*:<« :♦::«! :♦::♦: >.:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:« :♦::« :♦::*: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: >::♦; »:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »:;♦. >..'•: >::'•: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »;♦: %:« .«:«[ *>. <•>: :c« »::♦; WW fsyk »-« »!k »:.« *;* .<•:<»: »: :♦« <♦ • 414 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. .<■*■ :♦:♦. :♦:;♦. :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: *:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::* :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;•»; *"♦: :♦:>: >::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦; ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: >;:♦: ;♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;[•»: :«:;•»; :♦:;♦: ;♦.:♦: :♦;:•»: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :*::♦: ;♦::«; ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :*;»: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::*': :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;;♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦:>; *■* :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :•»• * I POLITIC/IL HISTORY. I'^ARTY government is the present, and pos- sibly the future, though not the ideal, feature of our so-called republic, and men have, in Amenca,been divided ^ Vinto political parties for 120 years. Upon the passage of the Stamp Act in 1765, parties for the first time began to take definite shape and manifest open antagonisms, and the words. Whig and Tory, then had a plainer meaning in America than in England. The Stamp Act was denounced by the Whigs as direct taxation, and so general were the protests that for a time it seemed that only those who owed their livings to the Crown, or expected aid and comfort from it, remained with the Tories. The Whigs were the patriots. After independence was achieved, of course, all Americans were Whigs. In the first years of the United States as a federal union, under President Washington, -there came about a division into " Particularist" and " Strong Government " Whigs, these soon adopting the more euphonious desig- nations of Anti-Federals and Federals. The former, under Jefferson's lead, afterward became known as Republicans, which name was in the early part of 1806 dropped for that of Democrats. Hence Jefferson is often referred to as the founder of the Democratic party. If, however, this dis- tinction can be claimed for any one man, the friends of Andrew Jackson have per- haps a stronger case. The Democrats were in power in this country from i8oi to 1825, when John Quincy Adams, " the last of the Federal- ists," was chosen by Congress to fill the office of President, the people having failed to elect. General Jackson, however, had received a plurality of the popular vote, and the remembrance of this fact was one of the chief causes of Jackson's subse- quent election in 1828. The elevation of General Jackson to the presidency was a triumph over the high protective policy, the federal internal improvement policy, and the latitudinous construction of the con- stitution, as well as of the Democracy over Federals, then known as National Republi- cans. This election was also the permanent re-establishment of parties on principle, according to the landmarks of the early years of the Government. For although '-■:>'. » ♦] *:♦: >.:♦: ;♦.♦: *. ♦: ♦::«• *>] ^ *'. *• *\ y. *: :♦;>! ♦::♦! >.>; ■^ t'. *■ <^; ■*;•*" <'!*; ♦;.♦; ♦::♦: ■•*'>] .♦:♦: ,f.>: :♦:;♦: ".'•>■'. y .♦. .*.y. >'.♦: ;■':.<■: <■..♦] .♦:>: >:>; >■;»; ♦::*: '♦:'♦! *!>! > >; <■ *'. '>..*: ;♦..♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: . .>"* :♦•:♦::♦; :♦«:♦: »*>;>;:♦;;♦,:♦:>.;♦.:♦:*:♦:.♦:■♦::♦:;♦;;♦;:♦.;♦;.♦;♦':♦:.♦.>;.♦:>;.♦.:♦:;♦..♦;.♦;.♦:.♦..♦;;•:,♦:;♦:>. • ♦.♦..♦..».•.♦..< 4 * ♦. ♦ ;♦:♦: :♦:♦: ;♦ ♦. :♦♦ :♦ ♦. :♦.♦ :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ■*:♦ ;♦• :♦.♦ :♦;;♦. :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:» ■♦♦. .♦•♦ :♦.♦ W.'*' :♦::♦: >;'♦: :♦::♦: ■»"♦; ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ ■«•♦■ * * POLITICAL HISTORY. 416 ;♦ ♦ Mr. Adams had received confidence and office from Mr. Madison and Mr. Mon- roe, and had classed with the Democratic party during the "era of good feeling," yet he had previously been a Federal; and on the re-establishment of old party lines which began to take place after the elec- tion of Mr. Adams in the House of Repre- sentatives, his affinities and policy became those of his former party ; and as a party, with many individual exceptions, they be- came his supporters and his strength. The Democrats re-nominated Jackson in 1832, while in December preceding the National Republicans nominated Henry Clay. The hero of New Orleans was elected a second term by a goodly ma- jority. The Democracy being in power, the fol- lowers of Clay gradually adopted the name of Whigs, which was suggested by the fact that in England the opposition to the Gov- ernment was known by that appellation. Hence, more than any one man, Henry Clay is looked upon as the founder of the Whig party, which played an important part in American politics for some twenty years. In 1836 they nominated General William Henry Harrison, who was defeated by Martin Van Buren, the choice of the Dem- ocratic party. In the closing year of Jack- son's administration, however, a step had been taken which ultimately brought about the temporary downfall of his party. This step was the distribution of revenue among the States in 1837, which was designed to enhance the value of the State stocks held by the United States Bank. The result was far different, however, and thousands are still living who can tell of the financial crisis of 1837 and the general stringency following. It is natural for the people to charge fi- nancial and other troubles, from war down to crop failures, upon the party in power. So it was in those times, and the result was the ascendency of the Whigs after the next election, in 1840. On the Whig ticket. General Harrison, of Ohio, was the candi- date for President, and John Tyler, ot Vir- ginia, for Vice-President. Mr. Clay, the most prominent Whig in the country, was not deemed available, and the leading men in the party were again put aside to make room for a military man, a step prompted by the example previously set by the Dem- ocrats in the case of General Jackson. The men who managed presidential elections believed then as now that military renown was a passport to popularity and rendered a candidate more sure of election. The contest before the people was a long and bitter one, the severest ever known in the country up to that time, and scarcely equaled since. The whole Whig party and the large league of suspended banks, headed by the bank of the United States, making its last struggle for a new national charter in the effort to elect a President friendly to it, were arrayed against the Democrats, whose hard-money policy and independent treasury schemes were met with little favor in the then depressed con- dition of the treasury. The Democrats worked for the re-election of President Van Buren, with Richard M. Johnson, of Ken- tucky, as Vice-President, but the Whigs were ultimately successful. The question of extending slave territory by the annexation of Texas was the prin- cipal one in the campaign of 1844, and avowedly so in the platforms. The Dem- ocracy nominated James K. Polk for President, and George M. Dallas for Vice- President. The Whigs nominated their great leader, Henry Clay, with Theodore Frclinghuyscn for Vice-President. Owing largely to the influence of a third party, the Free-Soilers, Clay was defeated in one of the closest elections ever held. Another presidential year brought for- ward new men and new issues. The Dem- ♦■♦: ♦ ♦, ♦ ♦; ■ ». ♦ ♦ :♦:* :♦:♦: '♦'♦ ;♦.♦. ♦ '♦: > ♦ >,.♦. ■♦,;♦: - 1 ♦ * >* ♦ -> ♦ ->.*; :♦::«•: »;.♦: *.*; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;«; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::*: ;•♦::♦: :*::♦: *;:♦: :♦;'♦; :«•::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: :*:♦; •»;■»; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; >::*: ;*;;♦: :«;:♦: :«•:*: ■«■::♦: :♦!♦; :*:>; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ■.♦; >::♦: ?m :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦::« ■ :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >"♦; *>; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•»::♦; >;;♦: :<»::♦: :♦:<»: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; !»:;♦: :<>"♦; ;•»;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:.♦: >.:♦; '■»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:'«>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: •»"♦; ;♦;;♦: >;:♦; ;♦::♦: !♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; >::♦' ■»;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ■«■:♦; 416 HISTORr OF RINGGOLD CO U NTT. ocrats nominated General Lewis Cass for President, and George William O. Butler for Vice-President. The Whigs took ad- vantage of the popularity of General Zachary Taylor, for his military achieve- ments in the Mexican war, just ended, and his consequent " availability," nominated him for the presidency over Clay, Webster and Scott, who were his competitors be- fore the convention. The party which had been made by the greatness of the latter won an easy victory. The presidential election of 1852 was the last campaign in which the Whig party ap- peared in National politics. It nominated a ticket with General Winfield Scott as its candidate for President. His opponent on the Democratic ticket was General Frank- lin Pierce. A third ticket was placed in the field by the Abolition party, with John P. Hale as its candidate for President. The political see-saw now brought the Demo- crats in power again. Thus, at the beginning of the civil history of Ringgold County the Democrats were in control, with Franklin Pierce as Presi- dent, and the Whig party was disintegrating as a National organization. The citizens of Ringgold County having come from those Eastern States where the Whigs were strongest, retained their politics after settling here, so that this was a Whig county during its infancy. There was, however, never a fair test of strength, for in local elections personal popularity went much farther than partisanship, and before the county's politics was settled by a presidential election, the death of the Whig party was an accomplished fact, and a new organization, the Republican party, arose from its ashes. Henceforth the giant parties were Democrats and Republicans, the latter absorbing all the elements then existing opposed to the further extension of slavery. The new party was born in a number of places almost simultaneously. but in each case with the same motives and with similar constituent elements. The movement assumed definite shape in the summer of 1854, when, for Governor of Iowa, James W. Grimes was nominated by the Republicans to oppose Curtis Bates, the choice of the Democracy. Iowa had hitherto been under the control of the latter party, but the Republicans now carried it, in their first campaign, and it has since remained in the ranks of Republicanism, by majorities sometimes running as high as 80,000. Mr. Grimes' personal ability had much to do with the successful organiza- tion of the Republicans in Iowa. In the organic election of Ringgold Count)% Ma)' 14, 1855, and also in the Au- gust election following. National politics played no part. Candidates were favored or opposed solely for personal reasons. However, all the successful ones were Whigs, except Peter Doze, the first sheriff, and afterward assessor, who was and is a zealous Democrat. County Judge Hagans, Treasurer and Recorder Cofer, and School Fund Commissioner Poor, were all Whigs, and afterward Republicans. The total vote in May, 1855, was but 34; in August it was 91. The year following, 1856, party lines were for the first time marked out in Ring- gold County, and they have since been pretty generally regarded, though for the local offices a not inconsiderable voting ele- ment has always manifested an independent spirit — a willingness to " scratch " the ticket on personal grounds. The first National convention of the Re- publican party nominated John C. Fremont for President, and Wm. L. Da3'ton for Vice- President. Its platform consisted of a series of resolutions, of which the most important was the following : " That we deny the authority of Congress, of a Territorial Legislature, of any individ- ual or association of individuals, to give ♦ :♦':♦:;♦:;♦:;♦■:♦::♦:♦::♦,:♦;♦■;♦>'>>:**>■**■:*:♦•:♦■■♦:■♦::♦::♦::♦"■♦';♦':♦:'♦':♦::♦::♦::♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦; 'SCff. :♦::♦: :♦::»: :♦::♦; :♦>: :«:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .«::♦: :♦::♦; .%:♦: :♦::♦: :«;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:';*: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::«■: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:>; :♦;•♦: :♦:;<»: :♦;:♦: 'fCff. ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: k»: :♦:;♦; .^:;'»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; .♦:;♦: :♦;•»•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: •»:>: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«: '^:k. >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦"♦; >"♦; :♦::♦: . ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:.«•: :♦;:♦: >:■»; :♦■:♦"♦; >;:♦::♦: POLITICAL HIS TORT. 417 » ♦; ♦ >: ♦ ♦; ♦ .♦; ♦ :♦: ♦ »: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; <• ♦: .♦>; ;♦:>; :♦;>; :♦:;♦; ;*:«■; v:m >.♦: ♦>; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; *.♦: ♦ ,♦: ♦ .♦: ♦.♦; ♦ ♦: .♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::< :♦':♦: ♦>; ♦:;♦; ♦ :♦; ♦ >; ♦ >; ».♦; ♦ » ♦♦; ♦ >: « ♦: ♦>; ♦ :« ♦:;♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; ",♦; ♦;♦; ♦>: ♦ :♦; ♦ ;♦: *>: »>: ♦'♦; ♦..♦; *>: ♦ ♦; ♦.:♦: «:♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ :♦; :♦.♦; ♦.:«; **>. ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦. ♦: ■» ♦; • .♦: ♦.♦; •:;♦; ♦>: ♦ ;♦; *>: 4*: ♦ ♦: ♦,:♦: ♦ ♦: * ♦: • ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦:♦: legal existence to slavery in any Territory of tlie United States, while tlie present Constitution shall be maintained." The Democratic convention nominated James Buciianan for President, and Jolin C. Beckinridge for Vice-President. It adopted a platform which contained the material portions of all its previous plat- forms, and also defined its position to the new issues of the day, and declared (i) that the revenue to be raised should not exceed the actual necessary expenses of the Government, and for the gradual extinc- tion of the public debt ; (2) that the Con- stitution does not confer upon the General Government the power to commence and carrv on a general system of internal im- provements ; (3) for a strict construction of the powers granted by the Constitution to the Federal Government ; (4) tliat Congress has no power to charter a National bank; (5) that Congress has no power to interfere with slavery in the States and Territories, the people of which have the exclusive right and power to settle that question for themselves ; (6) opposition to Americanism. That Buchanan was elected was in no degree due to Ringgold County, which gave Fremont a plurality of 28, in spite of the fact that a large element of the Repub- lican following was drawn into support of the American, or " Know Nothing " party, whose candidate was Millard Fillmore, and who received almost as many votes in Ringgold County as Buchanan. The vote was : Fremont, 92 ; Buchanan, 64 ; Fill- more, 52. The county officers elected this year (clerk, school fund commissioner and sheriff), were all Republicans, and re- ceived little opposition. The county's part in politics since has been in the same line. It has been monotonously faithful to the Republicans. It has here never been a serious question of which party, but merely how much majority. At the August election, in 1857, a full county ticket was put in the field by the Republicans, which had no organized op- position. The majorities were all over 100. Lowe's majority for Governor, in October, was but 47, however. In 1858 two full tickets were run. the Republican majority being about 100 in a total vote of 330. In 1859 Kirkwood's majority for Governor was 125 in a total vote of 395. The county officers had a close contest, and the vote was remarkably close, the majori- ties ranging from i to 23. The four years of Buchanan's adminis- tration were rife with political discussions on the slavery cjucstion, the status of the negro and the troubles in Kansas. The Southern Democrats, true to the supposed interests of their section became more ag- gressive in their demands in behalf of slav- ery, while their brethren in the North followed the lead of Douglas in endeavoring to compromise the slavery question. The two wings differed more and more widely, and in their national convention at Charles- ton were unable to agree upon a platform or a candidate, so that the Southern Dem- ocrats withdrew in a body. The conven- tion re-assembled at Baltimore, and after a protracted struggle nominated Stephen A. Douglas and Hcrschol V. Johnson. Their platform dechired that the decisions of the Supreme Court, respecting the status of slavery in the Territories, should be re- spected. The Southern Democrats, how ever, held another convention and nomi- nated John C. Breckinridge and Joseph Lane. The platform adopted contained in regard to the main question at issue the statement that slaves in the Territories should be recognized by the Government as property. The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin, and resolved that Kansas should be admitted as a free State, and that the Government should ef- fectually prohibit slavery in the Territo- * * :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ >:♦. :♦..•♦: :♦>, :« « :♦,♦. >.:♦. :♦'♦: ;♦:♦ :♦♦: ;♦♦. :♦♦: « ^ ■*v:*.'i ^"♦"♦:>:>:::>>:;«>:>::'*::«;si;;4!<»::«:«:i»::'«!:;>:>:v/«;:«"«;>:;«:»:;<«t»"«:'4i.v.:«:>"4::4':»:»::«!;'i'"C4"4::4!»::c::« 418 HISTORr OF RINGGOLD COUNTr. ■*;;♦: ;♦:♦. '^. '*. :<•:«; >::<■: '*'■«• :*■>: :♦: '♦! :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::«• :♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: •♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦::♦: :•»:;«•: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦::♦: :«•:♦; :♦::♦: :*.v :♦::♦: >::♦: >"♦: :♦::«■: :♦:;♦' >:>: ;♦::♦: :*;>; ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;■»::♦: :♦:>: ;«:;♦; :->:;♦: ;•♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«■::♦: ;a; a; !<•' •»; ;<>::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:*: >::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:>: ■»::♦: :•»;:♦: :♦:.♦: .»..♦. ;♦::♦: ■<-»■ ries. A so-called Constitutional Union Convention was also held, which nominated John Bell and Edward Everett. The conclusion of this many-sided politi- cal fight was the election of Lincoln, who received, however, but two-fifths of the popular vote. In this county the canvass was exceedingly warm, and Lincoln re- ceived 348 votes to 182 for Douglas, and three for Bell. The third and fourth par- ties received very little favor here. This was the heaviest vote yet cast in the coun- ty. The majorities on the State ticket were all over 160. But two county officers were chosen, a clerk by 42 votes, and a surveyor by 91. In the State and county election of 1861, a very light vote was drawn out. The Democratic ticket received less than 100 votes, and the Republican majorities ranged from 186, for clerk, up to 290 for Congress- man. In 1862 the majority on the State ticket was 180. For clerk it reached 221, Thomas Ross being the popular man ; for treasurer and recorder John T. Williams' majority was 127, and for county judge Wendell Poor received but 103 votes more than his competitor. The war seemed to strengthen the Re- publicans in this State so that it was almost perfunctory that any other party made nominations. Colonel William M. Stone had made himselt so popular by his serv- ices in the field that in the summer of 1863 he was nominated for Governor against James M. Tuttle. Not a very full vote was cast in Ringgold, but this was more than three to one in favor of the Republi- cans. Stone received 353 votes to 114 for Tuttle, or a majority of 239. Even this was the smallest majority given any man on the ticket (except for representative, 237), the county officers being elected with little or no opposition. In 1864 the war was being waged on a scale never before seen in history, at vast > ♦' :♦>' "♦' >■ ♦: ♦' ♦ ♦ :♦' :♦: ♦ .■"♦' ■*■ •♦" ■*■ '♦' ■*■ '♦' "♦' ♦' • >' < expense, and it was uncertain how long the Confederacy could maintain armed resist- ance. The Republicans were generally unanimous in supporting the coercion pol- icy of the Government, while the Demo- crats, on the other hand, were in favor of a change of policy, and of peace on any terms that would save the Union. The Republican convention of 1864 therefore re-nominated Abraham Lincoln by a unan- imous vote, save Missouri, whose delega- tion voted for Ulysses S. Grant. Andrew Johnson was nominated for Vice-President. The platform approved the emancipation proclamation, declared slavery dead, pledged support for the further prosecution of the war, and demanded the unconditional surrender of the rebellious States. The Democratic convention nominated George B. McClellan and George H. Pendleton, and adopted a platform criticising the methods of the administration. Lincoln received 212 electoral votes to McClellan's twenty-one, the people indorsing the old maxim " that it is dangerous to swap horses while crossing a stream." In Ring- gold County the Lincoln ticket received a majority of 243, in a total vote of 395. The Democratic vote was from fifty-nine to seventy-six. They made no nominations for county offices. Equally one-sided was the general elec- tion of 1865 for State and county officers; but in certain respects things were rather "mixed." Governor Stone, a candidate for re-election, was so pronounced in favor of negro suffrage that he ran behind his ticket, and in this county received 336 votes, against 152 for T. H. Benton. No contest was made for the county offices ex- cept for sheriff, in which case the vote was close. D. B. Marshall, the successful candidate, had but thirteen votes more than his opponent. The situation was about the same in 1866, no contest being made for county officers, and the Demo- ■*. ♦. >..->! ;«:♦: :♦:;•>: :♦:>; ;♦::♦: >':♦: ;♦::«■: ;♦:;♦; :♦::*: :♦.:♦: :♦:♦: ;♦.:«■: >;♦ :♦::♦: ;♦.;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; >;>; ;<•:;♦; »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:•: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;«">" ;♦:♦: '*:^. ;«•!<►: :«;>; ;♦!>; ■*:♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦'.♦; :♦::«! ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ♦:> :♦::♦: :♦:>: :•».* ;♦:■♦; :♦:;♦: »:* :♦;;♦: ;*:;♦; >;♦ ;♦:♦' ;♦:;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; >:;♦; :■♦•::♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«■;:*; :♦:■♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :••■:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :■»■>: >::4>: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦:;«;' ;♦;:♦; POLITICAL HISTORr. 419 > * > * \ :♦» ;♦ :• :* ''- :♦ < :♦.* >::♦: :♦:;»' :♦:♦ :♦ » > « ;♦ ■; ■ ;♦ - >.♦ :♦';♦: >♦ :♦• ;♦■! :♦ •• :♦ ♦ > ♦ ;♦. ■> >.;♦: '♦■♦: :♦:>; »>: !»■••■ ■•».♦ cratic vote being less than a fourth of the total for State officers. In 1867 the Demo- crats organized and made a vigorous cam- paign, the result of which was that they polled nearly half as many votes as the Republicans, or a little over 200 votes. They nominated candidates for most of the local offices, and gave them the full party vote. Both parties desired to nominate General Grant in 1868, but the Republi- cans stole a march on their opponents by holding their convention first. Schuyler Colfax was named for Vice-President. The Democratic convention was for a long time unable to decide between Pendleton, Han- cock, Hendricks and others ; but on the twenty-second ballot Horatio Seymour, whose name had been scarcely mentioned before, was unanimously nominated, to- gether with Francis P. Blair for Vice- President. An active canvass followed, in which the brief expression, " Let us have peace," in Grant's letter of acceptance, was liberally employed by Republican journals and orators to tone down what were regarded as rapidly-growing race and sectional differences, and with such effect that Grant carried all of the States save eight, receiving an electoral vote of 2i4against 80. His majority in this count)' was 262 in a total vote of 774. This was the largest vote cast in the county up to this time. The majorities were about the same for all the offices. In 1 869 the Democrats nominated another list of candidates, who were defeated by the usual vote — a little more than two to one. The majorities ranged from 200 to 400. In 1870 the disproportion was still greater, on State ticket. No contest was made for countv offices. In 1871 the Re- publican majority in this county for Gov- ernor was 432. The Democrats tried to elect their leaders for several county of- fices, and came nearer doing it than since 1859. SI An issue raised in Missouri gave imme- diate rise to the Liberal Republican party, though the course of Horace Greeley had long pointed toward the or^^anization of something of the kind, and with equal plainness it pointed to his desire to be its champion and candidate for the presidency. In 1870 the Republican party in Missouri, then in control of the Legislature, split on the question of the removal of the disquali> fications imposed upon rebels by the State Constitution during the war. Those favor- ing the removal of disabilities were headed by B. Gratz Brown and Carl Schurz, and they called themselves Liberal Republicans. Those opposed were called and accepted the name of Radical Republicans. The former quickly allied themselves with the Democrats, and thus carried the State, though Grant's administration " stood in " with the Radicals. The liberal movement rapidly spread, and its leaders at once be- gan to lay plans to carry the next presi- dential election. Horace Greeley was nominated for President, and B. Gratz Brown for Vice-President. The Demo- cratic convention indorsed these nomina- tions, but a few dissatisfied Democrats named Charles O'Conor and John Quincy Adams. The Republicans rc-nominated General Grant, with Henry Wilson for Vice-President. The Republicans were overwhelmingly successful, not so much from the popularity of Grant as from the unpopularity of Greeley. The vote in Ringgold County was: Grant, 805; Greeley, 215: O'Conor, i ; Grant's plural- ity, 590. The Republican State ticket re- ceived about 30 less majority, as did their candidate for clerk of courts. Their man for recorder received 234 majcjrity, while the candidate for surveyor got in by only 9 votes. A heavy vote was brought out in 1873, the Republican majority averaging 100 less than in 1872 for State officers. The candi- :♦'♦ ♦ :♦; :♦>: '♦>; :♦:♦: >:♦; :♦:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦':«; ■« '•' ♦ ♦ .♦:* 55 :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; m^ :♦::•: ♦ ;♦ ,♦:♦: >•>; :♦.>; :♦.;♦; ;♦;♦; »: ♦:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦:♦: >*i >.>: >>: m »; :♦;:«: :♦::♦: :•;:♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:* ;♦;:♦: :•::«: »:♦: >:♦: :♦::♦: :•;:♦: :♦,;♦: >:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦.:♦: :*::« >::♦: :♦* :♦:♦: :♦;♦: >:♦: :♦.:♦; :♦:« >;;♦; :♦:♦; !♦>: :♦;♦: :♦.:♦; ;*::♦: *:♦; ;♦::« :♦:* :*:« :♦:♦: :♦.:♦; :*> JJ :«:«: :*::•: :«::•: :♦':♦: ,♦:♦; :«n*! :♦::♦: :♦:>: »:;*: :«:;♦: :♦:♦; :♦* ♦••: >>: . ♦, . ♦. ■*■♦:;♦::♦:»;:♦>::♦>>::*:♦::♦"♦"♦::**::♦:■*:♦>:■* :>i>;:*>::*;'*»:'*!!i>:'*;:«»i;. >::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :«•;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; -;♦; 420 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. ;♦::*■: ;*:>; ;<;>; ;«:;♦; :*:;♦; :»::♦: ;♦:>; :♦>; :♦:>; >:>; :♦:>: :■♦■>; »::♦; »; :♦;:♦: ;♦;;>; :»:;♦; :♦;>; :♦;:«•; ;♦::♦: :<•;;>; ;♦:*; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:»; :♦:>: >;:♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦■::♦: ;*::»: :♦::♦: %>: :<>"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::•>; :♦:;♦; dates for the local offices received all sorts of majorities, and one office, the treasurer- ship, was captured by the Democrats, or rather the fusion ticket, for the Democrats and " Anti-monopolists " pooled their is- sues. Allen Higgins was the lucky candi- date. In 1874 the Republican majority averaged about 100, the reduction being due to the fusion of opposing elements. In 1875 the Republican majority for Governor was 373. The county officials were elected by figures from 166 to 290. The troubles in the South and the almost general overthrow of the " carpet-bag " governments impressed all with the fact that the presidential election of 1876 would be exceedingly close, and the result con- firmed this belief. The Republicans nom- ated Rutherford B. Hayes and William A. Wheeler, and the Democrats, Samuel J. Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks. A third party had sprung into existence, called at first "Greenbackers," but latterly " National Greenbackers," who desired to relieve the financial crisis of 1873 and the hard times following by a large issue of irredeemable paper money. They nomi- nated Peter Cooper and Samuel F. Cary. After a contest for months over the returns of this election, Hayes was declared elected. The vote in this county was: Hayes, i,- 245 ; Tilden, 422 ; Cooper, 245 ; Hayes' plurality, 823. The same figures obtained on the State ticket. The Greenback vote increased from this year until about ,1881. The Republican majority for Governor in 1877 ^^'^s 293. The majorities for county offices were from 52 to 335. In 1878 the contest was closer, the Republican majori- ties being from 100 to 200 on State ticket, and about the same on local issues. In 1879 *^he majorities were all the way from 20 to 253. In 1880 James A. Garfield, Winfield S. Hancock and James B. Weaver were the standard-bearers of the three National parties. The vote in this county was : Garfield, 1,450; Weaver, 525; Hancock, 436; Republican plurality, 925. It will be noticed that the Greenbackers polled nearly 100 votes more than the Democrats. For the county offices these two parties have fused every year recently, though their combined strength is much less than the Republican vote. The Republican ma- jority for county offices was in 1880 about 500. In 1 88 1 Governor Sherman's plurality was 602. The Greenback vote outnumbered the Democratic more than two to one, and the Republicans were more than twice as numerous as the Greenbackers. The fusion- ists carried one county office, John W. Been being elected sheriff. The Republican majorities for the remaining offices were much less than that for Governor. At the special election of June 27, 18S2, on prohi- bition, the question stood in this county, 1,640 for, and 570 against ; majority, 1,070. In 1882 the Republican plurality on State ticket was 550, and between 300 and 400 on county ticket. In 1883 the Greenback strength fell off, in comparison with the Democratic, and it has since remained the smaller of the two parties in opposition to Republicanism in Ringgold County. Gov- ernor Sherman's plurality was 845. The majorities on the local ticket varied from five to 475. The presidential campaign of 1884, with its personal animosities and bitter discus- sions, is fresh in the minds of all. James G. Blaine stood for the hitherto successful party ; Grover Cleveland was supported by the Democrats and the " Mugwumps," or protesting Republicans ; Benjamin F. Butler was the nominee of the Greenback and Labor conventions, and John P. St. John was the candidate of the Prohibi- tionists. Cleveland was elected by about 1,100 votes in New York State. In Ring- gold County the vote was: Blaine, 1,677; :♦::♦; :••;>; >;:♦: :♦:>: >;:♦; :♦::< :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::•♦> :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦"♦: >:>: *>< :♦> :♦:>: >::«■: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >::'^. ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::*. ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;■*: :♦::♦: !♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :«:;♦: :«::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :*:♦: :♦::«•: ;♦:>; ;♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦.;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::«; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :*;♦: :*>: '<:;«•: :*::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:»: :;♦:.♦♦;:♦; \ ♦_♦_♦. ♦_*_*_»_*_*J^>J*JtA.*„*J^>.».A.»-*.*.»,.*..»..^.»..»..» -•..»..*..*..♦" ♦ ♦. :♦.♦: .♦..♦: ♦ ♦ < > ♦ v :♦ ♦ ♦ » > ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦'♦: ♦ »' ♦ ♦' ♦ v" ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦: « ♦ ♦.♦: .♦:♦; ♦ ♦: POLITICAL HISTOnr. 421 > ♦ » ♦: » ♦: ♦ *'. ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦"♦: "■•♦' ♦ ♦ ♦.♦. ♦ ♦, ♦::♦; ♦'♦; ♦:♦: Cleveland, 1,096 ; Blaine's majority, 581. This was the average majority of the whole ticket. In 1S85 Larrabee's plurality for Governor was 552. The majorities for county officers were from 334 to 693. Of the seventeen civil townships in Ring- gold County, the Fusion party can usually carry Union, Benton, Middle Fork and sometimes Athens and Monroe. The others are safely Republican. Political campaigns in this county have always been marked by good nature on the part of the candidates, and good order on the part of voters. The county offices have, as a rule, been filled by industrious, capa- ble and honest officials. OFFICIAL REGISTER. The following register of the names of those who have held office in Ringgold County, with years of service, has been prepared from the records of the county. COUNTY JUDGES. James C. Hagans, 1855-9; Isaac W. Keller, i86o-'2, resigned in September, 1862; Wendell Poor, appointed to fill va- cancy, then elected to office, i862-'5 ; Isaac W. Keller, 1866-7; John T. Williams, 1868-9. The office of county judge was abolished at the end of 1868, and the duties chiefly devolved upon the newly-created office of auditor. During Judge Williams' second year as county judge he performed only the duties of auditor. AUDITORS. John T. Williams, 1869; John McFar- land, i870-'5 ; R. F. Askren, 1876- '9; J. C. Askren, i88o-'i ; J. E. Doze, i882-'5 ; Henry II. Ross, 1886-. CLERKS OF COURTS. Mathew B. Brown, 1855, resigned Octo- ber 10; Andrew \V. Tice, appointed to fill vacancy, then elected to office, i855-'6; Randolph Sry, i856-'6o; T. F". How, 1861, died in olficc ; Ith S. Beall, i86i-'4; Thomas Ross, i865-'70; H. C. Andrews, i87i-'2; George S. AUyn, i873-'8; Thomas Liggett, i879-'84; James II. Burke, 1885-. TREASURERS AND RECORDERS. Joseph W. Cofer, i855-'7; A. G. Beall, i857-'9; John Birkhimer, i86o-'i ; Alex. Z. Huggins, 1862, resigned in September; John T. Williams, appointed to fill vacancy, then elected to the office, i862-'4. The offices of recorder and treasurer were separate from January i, 1865. TREASURERS. John T. Williams, i865-'7; C. W. Dake, i868-'7i ; Allen Higgins, i872-*5 ; Henry Todd, i876-'9; A. M. Poor, i88o-'5; Thomas Campbell, 1886-. RECORDERS. Wendell Poor, 1865-6 ; Warren R. Turk 1867-72; Hugh A. White, i873-"4; B. F. Day, i875-'6; H. H. Parsons, i877-'82; John C. McClurg. 1883-. SHERIFFS. Hiron Imus, 1855, May to August; Peter Doze, i855-'6; Charles H. Schooler, 1856- '8, resigned ; Samuel Allison, appointed to fill vacancy, then elected, i858-'9; John D. Carter, i86o-'i ; John McGaughey, i862-'3; Luther Tillotson, i864-'5 ; D. B. Marshall, i866-'7; John A. Lesan, 1868- '9; D. B. Marshall, i87o-'3; J. R. Henderson, 1874-5; H. A. White, i876-'9; W. A. Delashmutt, i88o-'i; John H. Been, 1882- '3; James Beard, 1884. SCHOOL FUND COMMISSIONERS, Charles H. Schooler, 1855, resigned July 2 ; Wendell Poor, appointed to fill vacancy. '.* *. > ■♦: < ♦ ♦ • :♦ " > ♦ :♦♦' '♦ ♦ ■•• ♦ :«■ '■ '.< •' ♦ * ;♦ ♦; :♦.«: :*♦. ■♦:♦' :♦:♦; ♦ ♦ ',* * -♦„♦..*..♦ •-.♦.♦..♦. A .♦..♦ .» :♦:>; :♦"♦' >;v >::'' >;■' >:.* :♦;;* ». :♦::♦: :♦]> :•»:;♦ :♦::<• :♦:;♦. >:>: >;>: >:;♦: :♦.:♦; :«•>: >;»: ;♦::•: ;*::♦: :♦"♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦:>; >:;*: :♦:>: :•»;>: :♦:»: :«::♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: :*.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :«::«•; \ :♦::♦: :♦::♦; %:♦: :♦:;♦: »; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; »: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; >:;♦; :♦::♦: :«■:♦: »: :♦::« :♦>: :♦:»: :4:>: »::♦: :♦>: %:••> :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: »: :♦::« :«»: :♦;;♦: :«.:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:»: :♦>: »::♦: :♦>; :«:♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »: :♦;»: :«;:♦: »:»: :♦>;' »:»: ;«!»: ;♦;:♦: :♦>:. , !«•«■■♦■ •ft** 422 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. then elected to office, i855-'7. Office abol- ished and duties devolved upon SUPERINTENDENTS OF COUNTY SCHOOLS. Wendell Poor, 1858-9; A. G. Beall, i86o-'i; Edgar Sheldon, i862-'3 ; W. T. Laughlin, i864-'5 ; Andrew Johnson, 1866- '7; Henry H. Ross, 1868, resigned in Sep- tember; H. C. Andrews, appointed to fill vacancy, then elected to office, i868-'9; William J. Buck, iS/o-'i; R. F. Askren, i872-'5; W. J. Work, i876-'9; W. E. An- drews, i88o-'i; T. E.Dubois, 1882. SURVEYORS. James White, i85S-'6 ; Isaac B. Tall- madge, 1856-9; Samuel Allison, appointed to fill vacancy caused by S. J. Hall, who had been elected, not qualifying, 1860-3; A. G. Beall, i864-'9; Henry H. Ross, i870-'3; E. B. Heaton, 1874-9; Henry H. Ross, i88o-'3; Edgar Sheldon, 1884. SUPERVISORS (township SYSTEM) . 1861. — Randolph Sry,Mt. Ayr,Chairman; Charles H. Schooler, Lott's Creek ; Parks Brittain, Piatt ; Martin Patrick, Athens ; Andrew Johnson, East Fork ; James Rich- ards, Jr., Sand Creek ; L. N. Lewis, West Fork ; John T. Williams, Washington, and Allen Higgins, Middle Fork. 1862. — Thomas Ross, Mt. Ayr, Chair- man; James Richards, Jr., Sand Creek; L. N. Lewis, West Fork ; John T. Williams. Washington ; Allen Higgins, Middle Fork ; John Gard, Piatt ; Charles H. Schooler, Lott's Creek ; Andrew Johnson, East Fork, and Martin Patrick, Athens. 1863. — Ith S. Beall, Mt. Ayr, Chairman ; Silas Tedrow, Athens ; Charles H. School- er, Lott's Creek; Absalom Baird, West Fork; John Gard, Piatt; Nathan Miller, Middle Fork; Iradell Cooper, East Fork; G. C. Nulph, Washington, and Standbury Wright, Sand Creek. •♦■»"♦■:♦>■'♦"♦':♦■■• 1864. — Ith S. Beall, Mt. Ayr, Chairman ; G. C. Nulph, Washington ; Absalom Baird, West Fork ; James T. Blades, Lott's Creek ; D. F. Sellards, Athens; John A. Lesan, East Fork; John Gard, Piatt; E. M. Den- nis. Middle Fork, and Standbury Wright, Sand Creek. 1865.— D. F. Sellards, Athens, Chairman; Standbury Wright.Sand Creek ; John Gard, Piatt; Absalom Baird, West Fork; James T. Blades, Lott's Creek ; John A. Lesan, Mt. Ayr ; A. F. Talbot, Washington ; A. C. Tardy, Middle Fork, and Hiron Imus, East Fork. A. F. Talbot was chairman after the resignation of D. F. Sellards, whose place as supervisor was filled by L. R. Larue. Michael Stahl, of Piatt, succeeded John Gard. 1866. — A. F. Talbot, Washington, Chair- man ; Standbury Wright, Sand Ceeek ; Absalom Baird, West Fork ; A. C. Tardy, Middle Fork ; Hiron imus. East Fork ; Jesse Thompson, Lott's Creek ; L. D. Riley, Athens ; Green B. Reynolds, Piatt, and E. G. Martin, Mt. Ayr. Absalom Baird was chairman during the latter part of the year, Mr. Talbot having removed from his town- ship, and James H. Ruby was appointed supervisor from that township to succeed Talbot. 1S67. — E. G. Martin, Mt. Ayr, Chairman ; Standbury Wright, Sand Creek ; Green B. Reynolds, Piatt ; John D. Carter, West Fork ; Jesse Thompson, Lott's Creek ; Josiah Vorhies, Washington ; A. C. Tardy, Middle Fork; L. D. Riley, Athens, and John A. Lesan, East Fork. 1868.— John D. Carter, West Fork, Chair- man ; Standbury Wright, Sand Creek ; Isaac A. Tally, Piatt; Jesse Thompson, Lott's Creek; A. G. Beall, Mt. Ayr; A. C. Tardy, Middle Fork ; L. D. Riley, Athens ; A. Lorimor, Liberty ; Job Rush, Monroe; James H. Ruby, Washington, and Josiah Vorhies, Jefferson. 1869. — Absalom Baird, Clinton, Chair- •:♦::*:♦■*::♦.:♦■:♦;:*:♦;;♦::♦;»:;♦:>::♦:;♦■:*.:♦"♦"♦"♦"♦"♦::♦>::♦::♦:;*• ♦ >:<•»:♦.♦:•: :♦' x> w :♦ •♦: :♦■ :♦: :♦: :♦: ;♦: :♦: *: :♦; •»: >: ;♦::♦; :♦: :♦: :♦: ;♦. .* • ;:♦:>:.*: :♦::♦; :*.:♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :*:*. >"♦; :■••:*. :♦::♦; :♦"♦: >:3^ >::♦: >::♦: >:;♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:<»: :♦::♦: W: »: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::'•': >:>: :♦::♦: :♦>; >:>: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« »::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >:■»: >::♦: :•»::♦• :♦::« >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»; ;♦::♦; :«;:♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: >:>: :♦::'« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;<»: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: v.a %:♦: :«>: 'KM :♦::♦: ;♦:.*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦'♦: >>-*>>*#>>-V>"*'"*~*>''»">""*"+'*'*'*>>""*~*"*"*"*"'*>'>"*"'*>>* ♦ •«.♦♦• '*i»>^>.>„»..txt^_»..»_»>>_<^.*.«„o.+_*.>:A.*;.' ♦ * ♦ ♦ .♦>■ ♦ < POLITICAL HISTORY. VIW .♦♦: ;♦:'♦; '♦;♦' >■* ■»'♦; '♦:♦' :♦'♦; :♦:♦; ♦:♦: .♦. • !♦>: :♦'♦: »: 'in:*'. '*. *. ♦ ♦ man ; Edgar Sheldon, Sand Creek ; Josiah Vorhies, Jefferson ; Isaac A. Tally, Piatt ; James H. Rub}', Washington; Asher Lori- mor, Liberty ; L. T. Long, Monroe ; L. D. Riley, Athens; A. G. Beall, Mt. Ayr ; John Stevenson, Benton; Allen Higgins, Middle Fork, and Jesse Thompson, Lott's Creek. 1870. — Edgar Sheldon, Tingley, Chair- man : John Dixon, Union ; Josiah Vorhies, Jefferson; J. P. Lambert, Lincoln; Green B. Reynolds, Grant; James H. Ruby, Washington; Asher Lorimor. Liberty; Lewis T. Long, Monroe ; Milton Rey- nolds, Athens; J. F. Mount, Mt. Ayr ; John Stevenson, Benton ; Absalom Baird, Clin- ton ; Allen Higgins, Middle Fork, and Jabez E. Varney, Lott's Creek. SUPERVISORS (present SYSTEM). 1871. — Andrew Johnston, Chairman; N. Miller and J. F. Mount. Mr. Johnston re- signed in October. His place as a member was filled by Edward B. Heaton, and Nathan Miller was chosen chairman. 1872. — Nathan Miller, Chairman ; Absa- lom Baird and Edward B. Heaton. 1873. — Absalom Baird, Chairman ; Aaron Nash and C. K. Pierson. 1874. — Absalom Baird, Chairman ; Aaron Nash and Isaac W. Keller. 1875. — Aaron Nash, Chairman; Isaac W. Keller and W. H. Barnes. 1876. — Isaac W. Keller, Chairman ; W. H. Barnes and James A. Miller. 1877. — W. H. Barnes, Chairman; James A. Miller and S. England. 1878. — James A. Miller, Chairman; S. England and A. GoodcU. 1879. — S. England, Chairman ; .\ Good- ell and James A. Miller. 1880. — A. Goodell, Chairman; James A. Miller and Alexander Beard. 1881. — James A. Miller, Chairman ; Alex- ander Beard and Thomas A. Stevenson. 1882. — Alexander Beard, Chairman; Thomas A. Stevenson and G. S. Moore. 1883. — Thomas A. Stevenson, Chairman ; G. S. Moore and E. J. Price. 1884. — G. S. Moore, Chairman ; E. J. Price and E. J. Pratt. 1885. — E. J. Price, Chairman ; E. J. Pratt and Andrew Johnston. 18S6.— E. J. Pratt, Chairman ; Andrew Johnston and L. D. Riley. SENATORS. Samuel Dale, i856-'9; James C. Hagans, i86o-'3; L. W. Hillyer, i864-'5 ; C. G. Bridges, i866-'7; Isaac W. Keller, 1868- '71; ElishaT. Smith, i872-'5; Fred Teale, i87(>-'9; Isaac W. Keller, i88c>-'3; A. P. Stephens, 1884-. REPRESENTATIVES. Samuel H. Moer, i856-'7; W. B. Davis, 1858-9; Reuben A. Moser, i86o-'3 ; Will- iam Elliott, i864-'5 ; Alexander Z. Hug- gins, i866-'7; Leonard T. McCoun, 1868- '71 ; Andrew Johnston, i872-'5; S. W. Mc- Elderry, i876-'7; Allen Higgins, i878-'9; Charles C. Bos worth, i88o-'3 ; John Coie, 1 884-. CONGRESSMEN. Augustus Hall, i855-'7: Samuel R.Cur- tis, i857-'62; James F. Wilson, i862-'3; John A. Kasson, i863-'7; Grenville M. Dodge, 1867-9; Frank W. Palmer, 1869- '73; James W. McDill, 1873-7; W. F. Sapp,i877-'8i ; William P. Hepburn, 1881- DISTRICTS. Ringgold was in the First Congressional District (then half of the Stated until 1863, then (or ten years in the Fifth District, and since 1873 '" the Eighth. Until the adoption of the jtrcscnt Consti- tution the county formed a part of the Sixth Judicial District, except one year, when it was attached t(j the Ninth Dis trict. Since 1858 it has formed a part of the Third Judicial District, which now in- .♦ ► ^.•,■•..r.•.^.♦..r.t„♦>>X<♦:;♦..♦;.♦-t.♦..♦J^-♦.♦_♦.A.t..♦A.♦.♦_♦..^.♦..^^^^ ;*..^.. !»"•; >"♦: 424 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTr. :♦::♦: :♦;>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦,.♦- wk :<>;;♦: :♦:»: >:»: :♦::♦: :«:♦: >':'!! !«»: :«;« :♦::♦: »: >::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :•»::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ■ »;:♦: :♦"♦: >::♦; :•»:»: :*.;♦: »;:♦; :;♦: ' '■>' :.:*: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: »>; .:♦>: »!»: »::♦: :♦::♦: »!:♦: »>: »;:♦; :♦:»: s»>: »::♦: »: >::♦; s»: :♦:»: »:>: :•♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !••;:♦; :♦:.♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: >::« >:»: ■:•:♦; •>: ■:♦; ^♦: ..■*•: ♦: :«.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"« :♦;:♦; :•♦:■*: ■■■-::♦: .:♦; ■:*: eludes Adams, gomery, Page, Clarke, Decatur, Mont- Ringgold, Taylor and Union counties. For Senatorial purposes, beginning with 1856, Ringgold was joined with Fremont, Mills, Taylor, Page, Montgomery, Adams and Union counties as the Eleventh Dis- trict. Four years later, with Taylor, Adams, Union and Clarke counties, it made the Sixth District. Two years later Clarke was detached, and Page and Montgomery added. In i866-'7 Ringgold and Decatur formed the Sixth District. This arrange- ment endured four years, when Taylor was added, and the district numbered the Sev- enth. In 1884 it was again put in the Sixth, with Taylor and Union counties. For representation in the lower branch of the General Assembly no arrangement endured any great length of time. In 1856-'/ it was with Mills, Taylor, Page, Montgomery and Adams counties as the Fourteenth District. In i858-'9 it was joined with Adams, Union, Page and Tay- lor, in the Forty-fourth District. Then for two years Ringgold and Taylor formed the Seventh District. Next, Union wasadded. and the district numbered the Sixty-second, Two years later Union was taken away again, and Ringgold and Taylor became the Sixty-sixth District. In i866-'7 the same counties composed the Sixty-seventh, in 1868-9 the Sixty-fifth, and in i870-'3 the Fifteenth. Then Ringgold was joined with Union to make the Fourteenth Dis- trict, for four years. Since 1878 Ringgold County has formed the Fifteenth District by itself. :♦.;«•; >::« >"♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >"♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::»; >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: >;:* :♦:>: :4>: >"♦: >;;♦: >"♦; :♦:»; >;>: :♦::♦: >::♦: '^:<»: >::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: >"♦: 'm. >::♦: >::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: [♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; >:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦; :-»::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;«:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«»: :♦::« :♦::♦; »: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; »::« »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >'>: :♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !«:♦: :■»::♦: :«:♦: :«:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::♦::♦.:♦; >.*.♦,*.♦.*. ^ THE CIVIL WAR. 435 ♦ ♦; *:♦: *>: *'IS. >♦; ♦♦I ♦ :♦. ♦>; Vk ■■»;♦: .♦;♦: ♦:♦; ♦ >: ♦>; ♦:♦; -♦..♦; ;♦:♦; .->..♦. :♦::♦: * ♦; > ♦' ;♦:♦. :♦:♦: >>; >, ♦: >:* :♦:♦: >>; >:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦.:♦; ;♦.;♦: ;♦.:♦: > * * *■ 1^ ♦ :• ♦' > ^ :♦ ♦ > ♦ '♦ ♦' .* '• ♦ <• --^^;>»^^ <^ 1^ ■r-^^,^ THECIVILiA^AR * ®* nJ»~:»»>»->-;»>^^»-tJ<:J> ^^ /" !^^5 A »-^j^»-j»i^— 5:'»;J»»~>>i^ 1 1 E people of the North- ern States have just reason to be proud of the glorious record they made during the dark and blood)^ days when crimson- handed rebellion threatened the life of the nation. When war was forced upon the country by rebels in arms against the Government, the people were quietly pur- suing the even tenor of their ways, doing whatever their hands found to do — work- ing the mines, making farms, or cultivating those already made, erecting homes, building shops, founding cities and towns, building mills and factories — in short, the country was alive with industry and hopes for the future. The people were just recovering from the depression and losses incident to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and promising, and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the free States were buoyant with hope, looking forward to the perfect- ing of new plans for the insurement o( comfort and competence in their declining years; they little heeded the muttcrings and threateiiings of treason's children, in the slave States of the South. True sons and descendants of the heroes of the "times that tried men's souls" — the strug- gle for American independence — they never dreamed that there was even one so base as to dare attempt the destruction of the Union of their fathers — a Government baptized with the best blood the world ever knew. While immediately surrounded with peace and tranquillity, they paid but little attention to the rumored plots and plans of those who lived and grew rich from the sweat and toil, blood and flesh of others — aye, even trafficked in the offspring of their own loins. Nevertheless, the war came, with all its attendant horrors. April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charles- ton, South Carolina, Major Anderson, U. S. A., Commandant, was fired upon by rebels in arms. Although basest treason, this first act in the bloody reality that followed was looked upon as a mere bravado of a few hot-heads — the act of a few fire-eaters whose sectional bias and freedom and hatred was crazed by the excessive indul- gence in intoxicating potations. When, a day later, the news was borne along the telegraph wires that Major Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had first been regarded as a drunken mob, the pa- triotic people of the North were startled from their dreams of the future, from un- dertakings half completed, and made to realize that behind that mob there was a I*. *■ > ♦ > ,♦ :♦.♦ :* ♦ !♦.♦ > ♦. y * '.* <• ■.'-.♦..♦..♦..♦.>;>:♦..♦:.♦,•■ '»'V'*'*'*'*'*'*''4r'*"**'»4r**''»'*''4i'*V*'*'^'*'*'*"^^^ -»;■♦■•'>■ :♦;:■>: :♦:♦: ;♦;:♦: :<■"•>! > :■ > {■. ■<■-■'•. :»:■»! :*. ■■■: '*>■ ^ :♦. •;■; :♦::'-: *: ■.'■ >;-.. :♦:;■>: >;>: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: :«:-.: !♦:>: :♦::*: :«■* :♦:;♦; ;♦;>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:■»; :♦;:♦; >:■♦; :♦:>: :♦;:*: :♦;:<»: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;■♦: :•♦::•»: :♦::<■: :♦.*: :♦::♦: :♦:,■>: '♦;■-^; ;♦;;»: :♦:/•; 426 HISTOIil' OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. ■■'->, :<■::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦;■•••; ;♦:•>: :♦::»: :♦:*: .♦„*, ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: dark, deep and well-organized purpose to destroy the Government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare question their right to hold in bondage the sons and daughters of men whose skins were black, or who, perchance, through practices of lustful natures, were half or quarter removed from the color that God, for his own purposes had given them. But they "reckoned without their host." Their dreams of the future, their plans for the establishment of an independent confeder- acy, were doomed from their inception to sad and bitter disappointment. Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln, America's martyr President, who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the oath of ofificeas the nation's Chief Executive, issued a proc- lamation calling for 75,000 volunteers for three months. The last word had scarcely been taken from the electric wires before the call was filled. Men and money were counted out by hundreds and thousands. The people who loved their whole Govern- ment could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school-house, every calling offered its best men, their lives and fortunes, in defense of the Government's honor and unity. Party lines were for the time ig- nored. Bitter words, spoken in moments of political heat, were forgotten and for- given, and, joining hands in a common cause, they repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman : " By the great Eternal, the Union must and sliall be preserved! " Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the free States to crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugu- rated. But to every call for either men or money there was a willing and ready re- sponse. And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. Such were the impulses, motives and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the sons of Ringgold County made a conspicuous and praise- worthy record. Of the offerings made by these people during the great and final struggle between freedom and slavery it is the purpose now to write. April 14, A. D. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, issued the following : PROCLAMATION. " Whereas, The laws of the United States have been and now are violently opposed in several States, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordi- nary way ; I therefore call for the militia of the several States of the Union, to the ag- gregate number of 75,000, to suppress said combinations and execute the laws. I ap- peal to all loyal citizens to facilitate and aid in this effort to maintain the laws and the integrity of the perpetuity of the popular Government, and redress wrongs long enough endured. The first service as- signed to the forces, probably, will be to repossess the forts, places and property which have been seized from the Union. Let the utmost care be taken, consistent with the object, to avoid devastation, de- struction, interference with the property of peaceful citizens in any part of the coun- try ; and I hereby command persons composing the aforesaid combination to disperse within twenty days from date. " I hereby convene both Houses of Con- gress for the 4th day of July next, to deter- >;:»;:*::*:«;c5«»::c«:cc*:3k:«>"*::*>::*:*:*:c*;:c*;*;»:>::*;:*:*>;:c ♦-.♦:.♦..♦;.♦;:♦;.♦,.♦..♦,.♦;;♦;:♦;,♦;:♦;.♦..♦.;♦.:♦..♦:;♦;.♦.,♦.;♦,•»:.♦:*.♦,;♦;.♦.;♦:.♦..♦;.♦;.♦; ;♦: :♦: ;♦: .♦: * ,♦. :♦. .♦, :♦; .♦ ♦: •» :♦' :♦: :♦' :♦: :«• * '♦: * :♦; ♦' >' :♦: :♦ ;♦: ;♦: :♦; ;♦: ;♦' :♦' :* :♦: * :♦ :* :♦' .'■■ *'. *^ >;;♦; :♦::♦: >"•»; - >: '.*.y, »; :♦:;♦: :♦;•♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦"♦; :«::, :<■ ,, >:.♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦•::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>; :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦:>; ;♦:;♦; MM >::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;;« :♦::♦; . ;♦::♦; >:;♦: :«;:♦: M'lH :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :•::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; »::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: .*:♦::•»;:♦: :♦;»::♦: THE CIVIL WAR. 427 ♦ .♦: ♦.;♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ :♦: ^^ >■ ♦:;♦: <■ V ♦ ♦: ♦ V ♦ ■>: « *■ ♦ fy ♦ «• < •*. < f ♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦' >. ♦ '♦.V !♦>: :♦:♦! > ♦: :♦ ♦ « ♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: •»:;♦: !♦:♦: :♦;♦: :♦ •»■ :♦::♦; :♦:♦: :♦"♦: mine upon measures for public safety which the interest of the subject demands. " Abraham Lincoln, " President of the United States. •• \Vm. H. Sewaru, " Secretary of State." The gauntlet thrown down by the trai- tors of the South was accepted — not, how- ever, in the spirit with which insolence meets insolence, but with a firm deter- mined spirit of patriotism and love of coun- try. The duty of the President was plain, under tlie Constitution and the laws, and above and beyond all, the people, from whom political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the rebellion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their rep- resentatives and executive officers. The absence of the files of newspapers in this county, from 1861 to 1865, renders it impossible for the historian to do full justice to the spirit and patriotism of this people in the early days of America's gigan- tic and bloody struggle against rebellion, and their liberal contributions to maintain the integrity of this nation. Though remote from the capital and large cities which were made rendezvous for volunteers, Ringgold County was prompt in responding to demands made upon it. The first few volunteers from the county did not go as a body, but were scattered in different commands. The first large body of Ringgold County volun- teers was raised in June, 1861, and went into quarters July 4. They were re-in- forced by about a score of volunteers from other counties, and then, August 15, mus- tered into the service of the United States as COMPANY G, FOURTH IOWA INFANTRY. The Ringgold volunteers in this com- pany were : Edmund W. Rice, Lovena Mopkins, Randolph Sry, Ellis C. Miller, John A. Miller, Peter O. James, Nathan B. Maud- lin, Francis Bennett, Eli Drake, William Freshwater, William W. I^obinson, Na- thaniel T. Marshall, Joseph S. Robinson, Benjamin W. Talbot, John W. Johnston, Samuel R. Jacobs, Branson L. Addington, Robert Shields, Charles Haggins, David B. Marshall, Michael Danclly, Joseph C. Addington, William C. Arnetf, James P. Abbie, Francis Bennett, Lcandcr H. Bar- ton, Myron Barton, Russell Bailey, Lo- renzo D. Baker, Francis Cossairt, Henry Cossairt, Samuel Casteel, William Castcel, Caspar Denhart, Joseph L. Dugan, John F. Garrison, G. W. Garrison, William H. Glendcnning, Joseph C. Gilliland, Jasper Hagans, Thomas V. Hustin, William H. Irvins, Samuel W. Jacoba, Gustavus Kind- blade, John Marshall, Nathan B. Mandlin, John N. Moulton, James M. Millsap, William H. Nobles, Bernard Preston, Henry Platner, John W. B. Parker, Charles W. Powers, Thomas Phillips, Preston Run- yan, Joseph B. Russell, Elias W. Russell, Alexander Rogers, Ferdinand B. Soles, Daniel B. Smith, William Smith, Robert Shields, George Trask, Hilery ^L Thomp- son, Charles H. Warlord, Elijah Walden and Standbury Wright, Jr. There afterward enlisted in this com- pany from this county George W. Cos- sairt, John W. Johnson, Edwin D. Page, William Riley, Esuc L. Soles, Theodore P. Trusk and Isaac Hensley. Edmund W. Rice was the first Captain of the company ; Lovena Hopkins, First Lieutenant, and Randolph Sry, Second Lieutenant. Captain Rice resigned Sep- tember 5, 1861, and Lieutenant Hopkins succeeded him, while Lieutenant Sry was promoted to Hopkins' rank, and Sergeant Ellis C. Miller became Second Lieutenant. Sry subsequently became Captain, and Francis Bennett, First Lieutenant The Fourth Infantrv became one of the .♦ ♦. ♦ A .« 4 ;♦ ♦ >>, :♦;♦ .♦ ♦. 428 HISTORV OF RINGGOLD COUNTr. most famous Iowa regiments in the service. It was made up of volunteers from South- ern Iowa — one company from Mills Coun- ty', one from Pottawatomie and adjoining counties, one from Guthrie, one from Decatur, one from Polk, one from Madi- son, one from Ringgold, one from Wayne, one from Page and Taylor counties, and one from Union, Cass and Adams coun- ties. The Fourth Infantry left the State of Iowa, August 9, 1861, went immediately to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, and staid there until August 24, when it went to Rolla, Missouri. The regiment left Rolla January 22, 1862, with the Army of the Southwest, and was continually on the march, save now and then a few days, un- til its arrival at Helena, Arkansas, July 14, 1862. The regiment fought at Chickasaw Bayou on the 28th and 29th of December, then embarked and went up the Arkansas River, and fought at Arkansas Post on the loth and nth of January, 1863; then re- turned to the front of Vicksburg, landing: at Young's Point, January 22, 1863. April 2 the regiment embarked, and went 150 miles up the Mississippi River to Greenville, whence it went on the celebrated raid in the Deer Creek Valley, returning again by the river to Milliken's Bend, from whence it started on the active campaign against Vicksburg, on the 2d of May, via Rich- mond, Louisiana, and Grand Gulf, Missis- sippi, to Jackson, where two days were spent in tearing up the railroad. Thence the Fourth moved on Vicksburg, arriving on the 8th, and commencing the memorable siege of that stronghold. July 4 the regiment again started to Jackson, and there participated in what is known as the battle of Jackson. Return- ing, it went into camp on the 29th of July, on Black River, fourteen miles in rear of Vicksburg. The regiment lay in camp at this place until September 22, when it em- barked on steamer and went to Memphis, where it landed and immediately set out on the campaign to Northern Georgia, via Corinth, Tuscumbia, Eastport, luka, and intermediate points to Chattanooga, where it arrived, after a long, weary march, on the 23d of November. It participated in the battle of Lookout Mountain on the 24th, and in the battle of Missionary Ridge on the 25th, and again in the battle of Ringgold, on the 27th. December 3 the regiment went into camp at Bridgeport, Alabama, and moved from thence to Woodville, where it re- mained in camp until February 26, when it started home on veteran furlough. In April the regiment again left Iowa to re- turn to the field ; staid at Nashville a few da3's to get an outfit, and then started on the campaign against Atlanta, and only halted in line of battle until its arrival at East Point, Georgia, September 7, 1864, From this time on the Fourth was with Sherman's army in its memorable cam- paign before Atlanta, through Georgia and the Carolinas, and the final review in Washington. It was mustered out of serv- ice at Louisville, Kentucky, July 24, 1865, and paid, and disbanded at Davenport. A few weeks before this, however. Colonel Williamson was made a Brigadier- General ; and from an eloquent farewell address, made to his fellow soldiers in the Fourth, the following extract is taken : " In taking leave of you, I deem it but right to briefly allude to our past associa- tion as soldiers. Four years ago we left our homes and loved ones to fight for the Union cause. Then we numbered 1,000 men. We were undisciplined and knew nothing of war, but we did know that our country needed our services, and that was enough. Since then we have had more than 300 added to our ranks. To-day our whole number is less than 400. Where are the 1,000 of our missing companions? Most :♦::*; :<:,->: :*:.♦: :♦.;«■: ;♦..<►: :♦.'♦; *::♦; :♦::♦; :<.::*: :•»::♦: ;♦>: ;■♦::♦: :«■::♦: :*;:*•; ;■>■:«; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦■: :•»:«■ :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :*::♦: :<>; *: >:!♦: :>>;>; :*::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦:*; :■»:;♦: •«■;♦: ;o: .*::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; >::♦: ;*:<»! :♦::*: ;♦"«: ;♦::♦: >!>] >:>' >:,*: :<•::*' :♦:>: >::♦: :o: >.>*•: :♦:>; :♦:;«: :♦:.*: :♦',♦: [»>■,*] :•»:*: :<■ ♦: :♦:.♦: :«•:♦: :■♦:♦: ■♦:;♦: >■;♦: ;«• *. :•>,■>. ♦•»"*■*-*> THE CIVIL WAR. 429 '♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.;•( >::♦: :♦..♦. >::♦: :♦::* >:>: >:» :*:♦; >;;♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦:♦: >:;♦; »; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: 3»:>: ;♦:>; ;♦;;♦: :♦::'»: :♦:>: :♦:>: ;♦::♦; »: »: :♦:;* »; :♦:« :♦:>: :♦::*• :♦::« >"♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦; >:;♦! >::♦: :♦>: :♦:»; >'>: >:>: w:* :♦"♦; :♦:>: :♦:;« :♦>: :♦::♦: »::« :♦::♦: »::»: >>: :♦::« >::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::«: :♦:;♦: >:>: »>; :♦>: >::«: :♦::♦: »>: :♦:* :«:»: :♦":♦: >::♦: »::♦: »::♦: !«:♦: ^. "^ :♦::« »:;« of them have fallen on the battle-fields from Pea Ridsrc to Columbia. Some have been discharged on account of wounds received in battle ; but the saddest thing of all re- mains to be told — some were starved to death in Southern prison pens. An enemy claiming to be chivalrous and brave com- mitted the dark, damnable deed of starving our brave men to death ! God alone can avenge these ' murders most foul.' To us the work is notfullv given. Human means are inadequate. You, the survivors of our glorious old regiment, will, I hope, very soon be permitted to go home and enter again upon the duties and assume the responsibilities of citizens of the Republic, and of yours, the young State of Iowa, for which you have helped to make so glorious a name during the war. " It need not be said to men like you — who have fought on more than thirty dif- ferent battle-fields; who, under Curtis won immortal honors at Pea Ridge, and made the memorable march through Missouri and Arkansas in mid-summer; who were ordered by General Grant to inscribe ' First at Chickasaw Bayou ' on your ban- ners ; who were under Sherman at Chicka- saw Bayou and Arkansas Post ; who were under Grant through the entire campaign of Vicksburg, including Brandon ; who marched from Vicksburg to Chattanooga under Sherman; who fought with Hooker above the clouds at Lookout Mountain, and were with him at Missionary l^idge and Ringgold ; who were under Sherman through the entire Atlanta campaign, and participated in every battle, and who again, under your great leader, made the famous ' march to the ocean,' and thence to Wash- ington — to be ^tf^^ citizens. " Whatever may be said to the contrary, none can appreciate peace and civil gov- ernment better than those who have so freely offered lives in war to secure these blessings." TWENTY-THIRD MISSOURI INFANTRY. In October, 1861, the following enlisted from Ringgold County in the Twenty-third Missouri Infantry: William M. Johnson, Thomas J. Cullison, James Johnson, Richard H. Alderson, Samuel P. Cullison, J. W. Crawford, Preston Crawford, Robert Hedges, Robert Johnson, Elias Kesler, William T. Martin, William Snccd, Abra- ham F. Walter, Andrew F. Walter, Peter F. Walter and Henry M. Whittier. FOURTH CAVALRY, MISSOURI STATE MILITIA. In February, 1862, there enlisted in the Fourth Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, the following Ringgold men : Franklin For- rester, James Hankins, Thomas Edmond, John L. Cavett, Thomas Drake, Robert H. Drake, Henry Foster, James W. Glen- denning and Francis M. Simpson. TWENTY-NINTH IOWA INFANTRY. August 9, 1862, Company G, Twenty- ninth Iowa Infantry was organized, though it was not mustered in until November 18, following. It was composed, with six exceptions, entirely of Ringgold volunteers. The following was the roster: Alexander Z. Huggins, Andrew Johnston, John Mc- Farland, Isaac W. Keller, Charles W. Dake, John McGaughcy, Henry C. Grim, Thomas J. Carman, George J. Nulph, Daniel W. Poor, Solomon B. Lesan, William E. Ben- nett, John D. Carter, George Mathews, William L. Carlile, John M. Poor, Thomas B. Poor, Noah Addington, James H. Arm- strong, Sylvester H. Addington, Peter Agler, Davenson Amarine, Robert M. Arm- strong, Hezckiah R. Armstrong, Parks Brit- tain, Charles Barton, William H. Bradley, Dempsey Brown, Jesse T. Bennett, Daniel L. Barker, Samuel H. Cling, David Cooper, James Conlcy, John Casteel, Joseph Craw- ford, William Casner, Jacob Davis, Walter Dunning, Daniel Dodge, Benjamin F. Day, > ♦. ♦ ♦. >.:♦: >;* :«•;♦; :♦:>: *;^ >'>: »: »; ;♦;;♦, »: >!:♦: >:♦: '*'*> :♦;>. :♦:>: >;:♦; »: ;♦::♦: :•::♦: :«::« :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>: >::♦: »: :♦::♦: >>: >!>: >:;•: >:>: :«'::♦: :♦>: ;♦:>: :♦!>: ;*.:♦: »: ;♦::♦! :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: >.:♦: »: >"♦: :«!:♦: »; :♦!:♦: >:>: »: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: »; :♦>: :♦>: »: :♦.:« :♦:;« :♦::« if* »:« ■.>,♦,.♦„•, ♦..♦^♦.A.*..*..*, ♦..♦..♦..♦..♦..•..♦..♦..♦..♦. ♦.♦.♦..' :♦::♦: :«;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: >:k ;♦;;*; :♦::■» ;♦::•♦: :♦::♦: >:>: *■;♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; Wfi >::♦: Wfi :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦"»: :♦:;*: :♦:;«: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :<»::♦: •»;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::•«■ :«::♦: ;<<>>: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:% ;♦;:♦: :♦:•»■: »:>: ;♦"«) :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::'»: :♦;*: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦>; :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: %>: WM :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦;»: :♦;;»; ■*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :«:♦: :♦;;♦; *:♦::♦; :♦;:♦::♦: 430 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. Henry Edinger, John B. Fishback, Henry Fraizer, James Fraizer, Heman C. Gray, Ariel Gleason, Benager Gustin, Bird Ha- gans, James W. Huff, John W. Huff, Elon I. Imus, Andrew I. Imus, Aaron S. Jones, Chaney L. Jones, Andrew R. Jordan, Alma Kent, Amos R. Long, William R. Moler, Elihu G. Martin, James Money, General S. Moore, John A. Miller, Miles D. Money, William A. Millsap, Samuel C. Nash, John E. Nulph, Thomas J. Nickles, William Nickles, Samuel Oliver, Russell Pealer, Aquilla D. Powers, John M. Parker, Alvan M. Poor, James H. Quinn, Thomas Ross, Jr., Charles Russell, Isaac Runyan, William Smith, Charles B. Sheldon, David D. Shep- ard, Robert W. M. Shafer, John Stoops, George W. Smith, Thomas W. Smith, John W. Smith, George C. Thompson, John B. Thompson, Daniel Turner, William D. Thrift, James W. Vandi vere, James Walden, James H. Walker, Nathaniel P. Wright and William White. There afterward enlisted in this company Jonathan C. Baker, Freeman W. Nash, Adam Been, Isaac Brown, William H. Chance, Andrew Hines, Samuel Jemison, Daniel R. Jones, Isaac Marshall, Henry H. Parsons, J. L. Terwilliger, Samuel Adam- son, William Coons, Sylvester Conley, Ezra Conley, Rienza Conley, Samuel Coombs, Elijah Campbell, John H. Damon, Samuel Eaton, Nathan Fraizer, Abraham Jenkins, James W. Olvey, Vance Wilson and Pierce J. Wisdom. Alexander Z. Huggins was the first Cap- tain of the company ; Andrew Johnston was First Lieutenant, and John McFarland Second Lieutenant. Johnston was after- ward promoted to Captain, McFarland be- came First Lieutenant, and Isaac W. Keller was made Second Lieutenant. The Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry was or- ganized at Council Bluffs, and was com- posed of men residing on the Missouri slope. Colonel Thomas H. Benton, Jr., was :♦::♦;:♦:.♦"♦::♦:*::«♦::♦"♦::*:♦::*,:♦::♦;:♦"♦::«♦"<««*:♦"*•»>"♦::♦::. its commanding officer. He received his commission as Colonel on the loth day of August, 1862, and nearly all the men were enlisted, and the companies organized be- fore the 1st of October; but owing to the distance of the rendezvous from railroad communication, the regiment was not mus- tered into the United States service until December i, 1862. R. F. Patterson, Adju- tant of the Fifth Iowa Infantry, was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel ; C. B. Shoe- maker, of Page County, Major; Joseph Lyman, Corporal Company E, Fourth Iowa Cavalry, Adjutant ; W. W. Wilson, of Pot- tawattamie County, Quartermaster; W. S. Grimes, Assistant Surgeon Fourth Iowa Infantry, Surgeon ; N. L. Nicholson, of Webster County, and David F. Aiken, of Mills County, Assistant Surgeons ; and the Rev. J. M. Conrad, Chaplain. It had been intended that this regiment should form part of the command, which, under General W. T. Sherman, made the assault upon the works at Vicksburg, in December, 1862; butbeforeit was mustered into the United States service, the naviga- tion of the Missouri River was closed, and this object was abandoned. The regiment marched by detachments, between the 5th and gth of December, 1862, to St. Joseph, Missouri, and reported b}' telegraph to Major-General S. R. Curtis, commanding Department of Missouri. Thence it pro- ceeded by rail to St. Louis, and entered Benton Barracks on the 20th of December, 900 strong, all in good health and spirits. The next day the regiment went to Scho- field Barracks, in the cit)', and was assigned to the duty of guarding the various mili- tarj' prisons. It remained here but a few days. On Christmas day it embarked under orders to proceed to Helena, Arkansas, re- porting for temporary duty at Columbus, Kentucky, which place was at that time threatened with an attack. Lieutenant- •♦:■■»■:♦:>. '»::♦: ♦ >: •<■■ »: >:* .♦:;♦: :♦::♦: '♦■♦. ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >"♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: '»::♦: ■•»;:♦; >::♦: *::*•; :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦!;♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦; :♦::♦; :♦>: ;♦::♦: >"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;«■; ;♦::♦: >;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; !♦:>: '♦:♦: :♦"♦; •■<:»; *:>; ^•!^ '<'?•>! ♦ :>; :♦::■»; :♦::♦: ;♦':♦: :♦::♦: >"♦; ;«>; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦'[♦! >"♦; >:!♦; ;♦:;«■; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: '♦;:♦; ♦:«■ :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦!>: *;>; :♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: >■>: ■«>'. ♦:.♦; :♦;:♦; :«'♦: >::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: > » :♦::•« :♦::♦; -::*::*»:>::c*:;«:cc**:»>:>::*!:*:*:>:»::cc«:*;*>»"c*:*;:*"*: »"♦: ■•'■♦: ♦' ■ •; .•♦.*; :•»:.*: »::♦: »::♦: k:« *>: !•>: :♦"♦■ >■ ♦. '♦ ♦ T/iE CIVIL WAR. 431 Colonel Patterson now assumed cnnimand, Colonel Benton remaining at St. Louis, for the purpose of transacting certain business connected with the regiment. Arriving at Columbus, it was assigned to the right wing, under Brigadier-General J. M. Tuttle. On the 8th of January, it pro- ceeded on its way to Helena, having been assigned to a brigade commanded by Briga- dier-General C. B. Fisk. The command did not disembark at Helena, but immedi- ately received orders to join an expedition then organized by General Gorman to go up White River. This expedition resulted in no good to anybody, but on the con- trarv, was the cause of much suffering to the troops. When the regiment returned to Helena, on the 26th of January, it had been 180 miles up the White River to Du Vall's Blufl and back, without disembarking. In the meantime, it had been attacked with the measles, and had over 400 men on the sick list. As a consequence of the exposure upon this trip, the regiment lost no less than 200 men. From this time forward, however, the health of the regiment was uniformly good. The Twenty-ninth formed part of the memorable expedition through the Yazoo Pass, and Cold Water and Tallahatchie rivers, to Fort Pemberton, at the head of Yazoo River, in March and April, 1863. It embarked at Helena on the steamer, Enmia No. 2, but on reaching the Cold Water River, the vessel was found to be so badly injured as to render it necessary to aban- don her, and the regiment was transferred to the Key West, on which vessel it made the voyage to the fort and back to Helena. From this time until the Little Rock expedition, it remained at Helena, perform- ing ordinary garrison duty, except when absent on scouts. It bore a glorious part in the battle of Helena, Arkansas, on the anniversary of our national independence, whipping an entire brigade, and capturing many prison- ers. General Samuel A.Rice, in his report of this battle, gives higli praise to the Twenty-ninth Iowa for its part in this en- gagement, mentioning especially Colonel Benton, Lieutenant-Colonel Patterson and Major Shoemaker. The regiment lost in this engagement thirty-one killed and wounded. Between the i ith of August and the 10th of September of this year, the army, under command of General Steele, marched from Helena to Little Rock. The weather was excessively hot and dry. The command halted one week at Clarendon, at which point the White River was crossed. Thence the route lay up that stream as far as Du Vall's Bluff, at the crossing of the Mem- phis & Little Rock Railroad, where a depot of supplies and a hospital were estab- lished. The Twent^'-ninth was attached to a divi- sion, commanded by General Samuel A. Rice, the brigade being under command of Colonel Benton. There was nothing worthy of note between Du Vall's Bluff and Browns- ville, except the exceeding difficulty of the march. Almost the entire way is occupied b)' Grand Prairie, which is entirely destitute of water. Each man carried a supply in his canteen. Many were sun-struck on the march, and it was impossible to get all the sick into the ambulances. The ambulances would be loaded up and drive ahead of the column as far as it was safe to go, leave their burdens by the road-side and return for others. In this way those unable to walk, were, by turns, conveyed in ambu- lances, and left to suffer under a boiling sun for the greater portion of two days. During a halt of a few days at Brownsville, General Rice's division made a rapid march to Bayou Metoe, to cover a movement of General Davidson's cavalry in another di- rection. Both commands, having skir- * » '♦;♦. > ♦ • * * * • ♦;>::♦;:♦;;♦.■ 433 HISTOHr OF RINGGOLD COVNTT. ;♦:;*■: :«•::♦; :«::«': ;♦;:♦: YJ:•: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; ;«:■♦; :♦::♦: :*;:♦; :♦;■«■: :♦::♦: :♦:.*: :♦::♦; •»::♦; •♦;:*: :•»:'*: .*::•*•: ■»;:*: :•«■>; ;*::♦; :♦;;♦; :■»;.♦: »;;♦: :♦"♦: ■»"<•: •»::«•: ;•»':*: :«w :<■<•; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :•:.♦: :♦:•»; :♦;>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :: ■«•♦: :«•;;♦: :♦;■*: ■*:.♦: >::*: ■»;>; :♦;:♦•: :«■::♦; :♦::♦; :*;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: •»;•«•; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: .*"♦: :♦;:♦: :•:■:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦:•♦; ■»::•»; :♦:*: .♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: >;>: :♦;;♦: :*:;♦; !♦:♦: ':♦:■»; •»:;♦; !«:'<•: ;<>:•>: :«■.>: >:>; :*:.♦: >;>: :«•;:■!>; mished with the enemy, soon returned to the main army. Price commanded at Little Rock and oc- cupied a strong position four miles from the city, his right being protected by the Arkansas River, and his left by an impen- etrable cypress swamp. General Steele determined to turn his position ; therefore, leaving the direct route, he struck the Arkansas River eight miles below Little Rock. Here a pontoon-bridge was thrown across the river, and on the morning of September lo, the cavalry division crossed to the south side, and moved rapidly on the enemy. The infantry continued its march up the north bank, momentarily expecting a general engagement. The enemy, how- ever, offered no resistance, except to the left wing, which was assisted by the artil- lery from the north bank. Davidson con- tinued his march with more or less resist- ance until evening, when he entered the city. Price having retreated before an army vastly inferior to his own in numbers, in such haste as to leave the arsenal, etc., in a good state of preservation. The infantry remained on the north side of the river until the next day, when the army en- camped round the city. In November General Rice was sent out with the brigade to which the Twenty- ninth Iowa was attached, to endeavor to intercept Marmaduke, who had been re- pulsed in an attack upon Pine Blufi with heavy loss. The command marched as far as Rockport, on the Washita River, but did not succeed in overtaking the rebel trooper. This ended the active campaigning of the regiment for the year. It remained at Little Rock during the winter of i863-'4, and until General Steele's column moved to the Southwest, on the morning of March 23, 1864. The object of this expedition was to co-operate with Banks, who was moving up Red River. On the return of the army to Little Rock, a reorganization was effected, and the Twenty-ninth was assigned to the First Bri- gade of the First Division. It was soon afterward transferred to the Second Bri- gade, Second Division, where it remained until the end of the year. The regiment remained at Little Rock nearly a 3-ear after the Camden campaign, excep tabout one month (from the latter part of July to the latter part of August), when it was stationed at Lewisburg, on the Ar- kansas, fifty miles above Little Rock. In November, of the same year, it was ordered to move to Pine Bluff, Arkansas, but the order was countermanded, and the regi- ment was assigned to duty as City Guard of the post of Little Rock, which duty it continued to perform until its departure for other fields of operation. When General J. J. Reynolds assumed command of the Department of Arkansas there was another reorganization of the army. The Twenty-ninth was assigned to an organization known as the " Detached Brigade of the Seventh Army Corps," Brigadier-General E. A. Carr commanding. About the ist of Februar}^ General Carr received orders to proceed to New Orleans, but owing to the want of transportation, this regiment did not march until the 9th. After a tedious voyage the regiment reached New Orleans, one wing, under command of Colonel Benton, on the 14th, and the other under Adjutant Lyman, two days after. The regiment was quartered in an old foundry at Algiers, opposite the " Crescent City." On the 20th the regi- ment moved by rail to Lakeport, on Lake Ponchartrain, and thence by steamer to Mobile Point, Alabama. The vessel ran aground in Grant's Pass, and the troops were transferred to another steamer. They were disembarked on the 23d, and without tents or baggage, went into bivouack on the sands at Navy Cove, three miles in rear of Fort Morgan. .♦::*; :♦:•»: :■*::♦; yr. . ■-• :*::■>: ■*:.♦: :♦"*; :•♦::♦: >::♦: •»:'«•■ ;♦:>: :«•■*: «:♦: '»'.'■>'. >■ •-■: ■»;:♦: *■•: :♦:;♦: :♦::<•: :«•>: >::♦: :*>::♦; :»:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::*■: :■»:;♦; :<-::♦: ;«•:;♦: :•►:♦: !♦'«; :♦:;♦: :**: :♦:♦' :♦:;*; :«:»! :<•■♦•: :*■■*; >"♦: :♦:>: :♦">: :♦::♦: :♦::<>: :♦;>: •»:;»: :♦■;;<■: ■♦::«; •»:.•: .♦;.*: !♦:♦: *>: !♦':♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦) :♦:.->: :♦:.*: :♦::♦: *:♦; :♦:>: >:♦: :♦:>: ;♦;'♦: ♦ •>; .«:■♦: *::•»■] ■«.',♦; ;♦'♦; " *.•»:.♦:;«•;.♦::♦;:♦"♦:;♦;:♦:;♦■' THE CIVIL UAH. 433 • ♦; <' *: ♦ ♦; * *'. ♦ ♦; .♦♦; .♦»; .♦>; -♦.♦; .♦;♦; :♦:♦) ♦>; .♦:♦: >'♦; > p. * ♦. .♦..♦. >:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: >;:♦; :♦:>; .♦;:♦: ;«•;•■; •^>; :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦:>; >;:♦: >:>; >::♦: :♦;♦; :♦>: >» >.:♦; :♦::♦: >:>; :♦::«■; :♦::* > ■•. >♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:♦: .♦.♦: :♦>; ;♦>: >♦: '♦♦; >:♦; ■*:♦; '.*M :♦ y >->; >.♦: >,♦; >'"♦: ♦ *'. ;♦♦: :♦♦: :♦..♦; :♦.;♦; :♦:♦; ♦ ♦: :•:♦; ,♦::♦: :♦'♦: ♦: ♦; ».:♦. >.♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:■♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦; ■♦♦: .* ♦ :♦ ♦. > ■>: *..♦; :♦,:♦: '♦"♦■ The preparations for the Mobile cam- paign at once began. On the 17th of March the army began its toilsome and difficult march on Mobile. On the 25th it found itself under the guns of Spanish Fort, and at once began the investment of that forti- fication. It is unnecessary to say more, than that in this campaign, both on the march and during the siege, the Twenty- ninth bore its full part, and in no way diminished the unsurpassed reputation of the Iowa soldiery. Its loss during the cam- paign was twenty-two men. After the capture of Spanish Fort, which took place on the 9th of April, the regi- ment marched to the assistance of General Steele, who was investing Fort Blakely, another of the defenses of Mobile, five miles above Spanish Fort. The command arrived just in time to witness one of the most brill- iant and successful charges of the war, the assault of General Steele's command on the works at Fort Blakely, on the evening of Sunday, April 9, 1865. On tlie 1 2th the regiment entered Mobile, and the next day marched with the division to which it was attached under orders to proceed to Mount Vernon arsenal, on the Tombigbee River, forty miles above Mo- bile. On its way thither it had a lively skirmish with the enemy, the last in which the regiment was engaged, and among the last of the war. On the 22d Colonel Benton assumed com- mand of the arsenal, his regiment forming the garrison. On the retreat of the rebel forces much of the property belonging to the Government had been destroyed, and much more carried away by the neighbor- ing inhabitants. Hence the arsenal, once one of the most pleasant and beautiful pieces of property owned by the Govern- ment, was found by Colonel Benton in a dilapidated condition. He immediately set to work to renovate it, as far as possible, and succeeded in restoring it to much of its former beauty. The regiment returned to Mobile on the 12th of May. On the 1st of June part of the regiment sailed for Texas, and arrived at Brazos Santiago on the 9th, where the rest of the command joined it in a few days. When General Sheridan assumed com- mand of the Military Division of the Gulf, he directed the immediate muster-out of the Twenty-ninth Iowa. Consequently the regiment sailed for New Orleans in the latter part of July, and on the loth of the following month was honorably discharged from the service, and ordered to Davenport, Iowa, for final payment and disbandment. It arrived at Davenport on the 19th, and then numbered 765, officers and enlisted men. Of these only 415 were originally attached to the Twenty-ninth. The re- mainder were recruits of the Nineteenth, Twentieth and Twenty-third Iowa regi- ments, which had been assigned to Colonel Benton's command a few weeks previous, when these regiments returned home for disbandment. On the 25th of August, 1865, the Twenty-ninth was disbanded, and its members dispersed to their several homes in the Far West. The regiment was unfortunate in being kept so long in the Department of the Arkansas, away from the more brilliant fields of action. It was one of the best disciplined regiments in the arm)-, never shrank from any duty required of it, and only needed the opportunity to make a record equal to that of any Iowa regiment. The Twenty-ninth never tarnished the fame of Iowa troops. Colonel Benton was a brave, high-minded, and intelligent officer, and exerted a fine influence over the men of his command. Lieutenant-Colonel Patterson had few su- periors as a commander among the field officers of the army. In the opinion of the writer, one star at least, should have hon- ored his shoulder. That he drilled and •^ s * * ■1 « .4 < .♦ > ♦ < 4 * ^ y 431 •:-:*y>::*:«i>:.v>"*:»:!»:*>>">"*"*:»"*;;*"*"*:*;*:*::** HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :*:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;:*; :■»::♦: >■::♦; ■-■■;;■»: :-»;:♦: :*:>: :■:■::*: :<>;:•> ;<:♦: ;*:♦: :«■:■♦: >:<•: :*■'♦: > . ■<■'. :♦;*: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :«•::♦; :♦::♦; ■*:*: •»:♦: :•»"♦; ;<•:<> :■♦::*: !<■"♦! :*::•»■ :»:>: >':*'. >;>: .■V. T. :*:;♦: :♦::*; :♦::«: :+;.♦: >::♦: :•»■■»: ;♦:•*: :■•::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: ■»::♦: disciplined the regiment to a high degree of efficiency is evidenced by the favorable reports of various inspectors. The staff and line officers labored zealously to pro- mote the efficiency of the command, and there was ever a ready and cheerful sub- mission to discipline on the part of the entire regiment, hence, at Helena, Terra Noire, Elkin's Ford, Prairie d'Anne, Cam- den, Jenkins' Ferry, Mobile and on every other occasion where it had been called upon to meet the enemy, it responded with a degree of alacrity, soldierly skill and courage unsurpassed by the troops of any of the armies that have borne a part in the great struggle for the Union. SOUTHERN BORDER BRIGADE. The General Assembly, at the extra ses- sion of 1862, with almost entire unanimity directed the organization of the Northern and Southern border brigades. The for- mer, numbering 250, was a precaution against Indian disturbances, and the latter, numbering 794, was raised to protect the State from incursions from lawless citizens of Missouri. Company C, Third Battalion, was a Ringgold County organization, Nathan Miller being Captain, and Harvey Waugh, First Lieutenant. Ten men were kept on duty patrolling the southern bor- der of the county, and these were relieved every ten days. This was kept up for three months. No disturbances worthy of rec- ord occurred. Many of the members after- ward entered the active military service. EIGHTH IOWA CAVALRY. This regiment was raised in Southern Iowa in the summer of 1863, and Company D included the following from Ringgold County : Lovena Hopkins (formerly First Lieutenant and subsequently Captain of Company G, Fourth Infantry), John H. Huff, Thomas M. Gregory, William V. Culver, William S. Smith, Ross McKendree, John Mordecai, Henr}' C. Andrews, Will- iam R. Abarr, John Bear, James A. Benson, John Boyer, Elijah Conley, William Con- ley, John C. Hunter, Orlando Kirkham, Rodolphus Kirkham, Benjamin Keller, G. M. D. Morrison, William A. McMullen, Giles J. Nobles, B. F. Ruby, Addison S. Ruby, Thomas Shey, T. P. Trask, Corne- lius B. Trask, Jesse H. Thompson, Benja- min A. Wiley and Peter Weeks. The Eighth Cavalry was organized at Davenport, and October 17, 1863, left the State by railroad for Chattanooga, Ten- nessee, to report to Major-General Rose- crans. Before reaching there, however, Major-General Thomas had succeeded Rosecrans, and the regiment was assigned to duty on the Nashville & Northwestern Railroad. For some time it was busied in clearing that region of the guerrillas under Colonel Hawkins, in which it met with gratifying success. During the first part of 1864 the Eighth Cavalry was engaged in the usual duties of cavalr}- organizations — in scattered guard duty, in minor raids, and in police duty. During the summer and autumn, however, it joined in the extensive operations around Atlanta, in which it saw about as hard and continuous service as fell to the lot of any command in the same time. Besides skirmishes, it took part in fifteen engagements, the casualties amount- ing to 168, not including over 200 men and officers taken prisoners. Similar duty oc- cupied the regiment during the first half of 1865, and the Eighth was mustered out at Macon, Georgia, August 13, 1865. FORTY-SIXTH IOWA INFANTRY. This was a lOO-days regiment, raised in May, 1864. Compan)' E, which was made up principally of Linn County vol- unteers, contained the following from Ringgold : William Calvin, Benjamin H. Rush, William White, George W. Myers, Will- >::♦"♦;:♦:*:♦::♦.;♦"♦::*:♦.:<>::♦::♦;:♦"♦"♦;.*:;♦"♦::♦:•♦::♦::♦:;♦: ■ .»;*■:♦;:♦;:♦;:<♦;;*:♦;:♦;;♦;:♦;:♦;:♦::♦::♦;*";♦::♦;;«;:♦;:♦::♦;;•♦■;♦; ;»::♦: ♦:;*: :♦:;* ;■»::♦: >*->! :•!■>: :*;:■»; ;■*:;*: :♦::♦: :*:♦! >;:♦: >:<■ ♦ > •«•■>; ♦ I* :*:♦: :♦:.«: ■♦:* :■»:;♦: ;*::<•: ;♦;<>: :«♦: ;♦:;«: :«:>; :♦::♦: :♦:>• :«:;♦: ;<>:;♦: :->„«; ■>■;*■; '.*.'9'. ;<■.>. :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; »: >![■'-' ;♦:<: ;■»:> :♦.* ;*>: :•»:♦: :•*.:♦: :«:;♦: ■»'♦. :♦:*: ■*;;♦: ;♦':♦: >■;»: ■-'■> ;♦:♦■: :■•:» ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; '<■■ THE Civil. WAR. 435 iam Q. Lucas, James Andrews, Adam Deal, Ira M. Cooper, Henry F. Jacoby, Williarti T. Laughliii. Joseph F. Ledgcr- wuod.Saimicl McFarlaiui.Sanuicl McCord, James B. Nobles, Christopher Plainer, Valentine G. Ruby, Joseph 11. Ruby, Isaiah Skinner, John Schlapia. David Thompson and Joseph Whitmer. The following history of the Forty-sixth is from the pen of its Colonel, D. B. Hen- derson, now a member of Congress from Iowa : "The Forty-Sixth Iowa Infantry was or- ganized at Davenport, Iowa, and mustered into the United States service on the loth day of June, 1864, to serve for the term of one hundred days. "On the nth of June, the regiment was armed and clothed, and on the 14th we took the cars lor Cairo, Illinois, at which place we arrived on the 15th. Immediate- ly upon my arrival in Cairo, I dispatched a letter to Major-General Washburn, com- manding at Memphis, and on the morning of the 17th of June, I received orders from General Washburn to report with my regi- ment at Memphis. " On the evening of the 17th of June, I embarked the regiment upon the John D. Perry, and arrived in Memphis on the morning of the 20th, when I was ordered into camp two miles east of the city. We reiuained in camp at Memphis until the 27th, performing heavy picket duty during that time. On the morning of the 27th of June, I was ordered to move my regiment to Col- liersville, Tennessee, take command of that post, and throw out detachments east and west on the railroad, and was also ordered to guard the railroad against the interfer- ence of the rebels who had recently been tiring upon the trains in the vicinity of Colliersville. " On the 2.Stli of June, I sent Lieutenant- Colonel L. D. Durbin, with two compa- nies — A and 1, Captains Guilbcrt and Wolf, to Camp Look Out, a post three miles west of Colliersville, and situated on the Mem- phis (S: Charleston Raih-oaii. On the same day, Major George L. Toibert, with Com- panies E and K. Captains Harrison and Palmer, moved to Camp Henderson, two and a half miles east of Colliersville. Both of these detachments performed their duties faitiifully, and not another train was disturbed while they guarded these posts. While the regiment was stationed at Col- liersville and outposts, the men performed very heavy picket duty, being upon guard each alternate day. I partly compensated the men for this by inaugurating a gener- ous system of foraging. " The enemy did not disturb us but once during the two months that we were stationed at Colliersville. The event that I allude to occurred about the middle of August. Lieutenant-Colonel Durbin was informed tiiat a band of guenillas had cap- tured two men of the Sixth Illinois Cav- alry near his camp. He promptly sent out Captain Wolf with sixteen men, to relieve the prisoners if possible. When about a mile from camp, the party was tired upon by some thirty guerrillas lying in ambus- cade, and Captain Wolf and three of his men were brought down at the first volley, the Captain and one man serious- ly wounded ; the others slightly. The men returned the fire, killing one and wounding three of the rebels. The Cap- tain having been shot and supposed to be killed, anti being outiuimbcred two to one the men retreated to camp. " On the 1st of September we were or- dered to Memphis, where we remained un- til the loth, when we were ordered to embark > :♦:♦ '♦:♦ .♦. :♦. .♦:♦ ♦ >, ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦ ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ » ♦ 4- ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦ V ♦ » ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦, » ♦ ♦ • ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ,♦. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦. .♦♦ :♦:♦, .♦.♦ .♦ * ♦ ;♦. ♦ ;♦. :♦♦. ♦.♦: .**: ♦ ■♦: « *: :♦♦; ;♦:♦: ♦:♦; :♦.♦: :♦♦ :♦"♦ ,♦♦; ;♦ ♦' ♦ ♦" ♦ ♦ « • ;♦♦, ♦ ♦ 436 HISTORT OF NINGGOLD COUNTY. we were mustered out and paid off, on the 23d of September, 186" THE VETERANS. For four years and more the notes of the fife and drum and bugle and the tramp of armed hosts were continually heard, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from the Gulf of Mexico to British North America, and the clash of arms was borne north- ward on every breeze from the sunny but blood-drenched plains of the south. For four years and more " grim-visaged war " had waved its crimson banners over the fair fabric the fathers had erected, in a vain endeavor to hurl it from its founda- tions. In this terrible and gigantic struggle, Ringgold County had borne its full part, and many a brave volunteer from its beautiful prairies had lain down his life on the battle-field, or starved to death in the rebel slaughter pens of Ander- sonville and Macon. But now Sherman and his " brave boys in blue" had made their memorable and historic march to the sea, Lee had sur- rendered to the victorious Army of the Union under Grant, the war was ended, peace restored, the Union preserved in its integrity, and the patriotic sons of Ring gold County who were spared to witness the final victory of the armies of the Union returned to their homes to receive grand ovations and tributes of honor from friends and neighbors who had eagerly and jeal- ously and anxiously watched and followed them wherever the varying fortunes of war had called them. •oaajiOi^^^ Exchanging their soldiers' uniforms for citizens' dress, most of them fell back to their old vocations, on the farm, in the mines, at the forge, the bench, in the shop, in the office, or at whatever else their hands found to do. Their noble deeds in the hour of their country's peril are now, and always will be, dear to the hearts of the people whom they so faithfully served. Brave men are alwa3-s honored, and no class of citizens are entitled to greater re- spect than the brave volunteers of Ring- gold County, not simply because they were soldiers, but because, in their association with their fellow men, their walk is upright, and their character and honesty without reproach. "Their country first, their glory and iheir pride; Land of their hopes — land where their fathers died ; When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright; When in the wrong, they'll die to set it rig'nt." The wondrous deeds of daring and glorious achievements of the Arm}' of the Union during the war of the Rebellion will always be cherished by all patriotic hearts. But there are scenes, incidents and accidents the memory of which will shade with sadness the bright reflections engen- dered by the contemplation of a heroism, devotion and sacrifice the like of which the world never saw before. But the memory of those who fell in the stupen- dous struggle is still familiar to the present people of Ringgold County ; and fifty years hence, when the fathers and mothers of to- day shall have passed on to their eternal home, they will be remembered by poster- ity more as matters of tradition than as ab- solute written history. *®5v5)/ZOTw. .♦..♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦>; »; >:>' >!;♦: >>: >;>] >::♦; :♦>: >:;♦; :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: »: :♦:♦: >:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; ;♦::♦; >::♦; :■»:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;* »: :«:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;■»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦::♦; ♦ ♦. ♦.♦; .♦..♦; ♦ ♦: ♦.,♦: ♦,.♦: .♦;.♦; ♦:;♦: ♦::♦: ♦::♦: ♦:;♦: -♦::♦: ♦:;♦: ♦::♦: ♦::♦: ♦::♦: ♦;:♦: •>:♦: ♦:♦: *.*'. ♦:♦: ♦:.♦: ♦:♦: ♦::♦: ♦:♦; ♦::♦; ♦ '♦; *■'*'. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦' <* ♦" ♦ ♦; ♦;.♦; ♦:♦: ♦:«! ♦:♦! ♦:.♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦■ ♦ » > * ■» ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦..♦; ♦::♦; ♦::♦: :♦.:♦: ♦::♦: ♦ :♦: ♦■♦: ♦;♦: ♦:♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦:♦: ♦:♦: ♦:♦: ♦>: *:•*'. *'.*: ♦:;♦: ♦:♦; ♦::♦: ♦;♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦; ♦;♦: ♦:♦; ♦:'♦; ♦-:♦: ♦:♦; ♦!♦; ♦::♦: ♦::♦; ♦;:♦: ♦;.♦; ♦;;♦: ♦:*: ♦;♦: :♦:♦: ♦:♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦::♦: ♦::♦: ♦ ♦: ♦:♦; .♦:♦: ♦'♦I ♦::♦: ♦:♦: :♦::♦: >!'♦; ♦;♦; ♦;♦; ,♦>: ♦'♦; THE PJtESS. 487 FRESS I Til the exception of the public schools, there is no agency so educational as the local press. Journal- ism itself has passed I v\ \ through several stages of development, and has but recently found its true position. A paper of the style of those publish- ed thirty years ago would now have but few admirers. Local news was then not thought worthy of being printed, and the county press was tilled with learned dis- quisitions on national politics and foreign wars. Now these things are wisely left to the more widely circulated city papers, which are by fast mail trains distnbuted throughout the West on the same day with their publication. Ringgold County takes many hundred papers each week from Chi- cago, DcsMijines, St. Joseph and other cities, and also supp♦: .♦♦: :♦'♦: ♦'♦! ■♦♦: ♦:♦: '<: *'. :♦: ♦; .♦ ♦: :♦♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦ :♦:♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦; w.v. :♦;:♦: '*'*'. ♦ ♦: :«■>: ;♦:;♦: '♦:.♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::»: :♦:;♦: :♦)♦: ;♦;.♦: :♦:.♦; ;♦"♦: '*.*'. ,♦::♦: !♦:♦) :♦;♦; ;♦♦" :♦:♦: >■>' .♦,♦' > •'. ;♦ * ;♦:* *'♦■ :♦:>: :♦:♦; :♦;* '♦"♦! + ♦' ♦ .♦; ♦ ♦; .♦:.♦: ♦:.♦; »: :♦ ♦: ♦' ♦; ,♦:♦: !♦:♦; ;♦::♦; !♦:;♦: !♦:;♦: '!*'*', >'>; ;** ;♦:♦: ♦>; ^ *'. ♦. ♦; ■ :0"0>>:>>:>>>>>>>'0>> r . . . ... . . .^. , . .^ . . ,^. ... ,^. .^. .^ ... .-■ -- . . r».» .». »..».*.»>>:>_o»>>>;:cc»>;;c*>..*,.»..» .♦.r r.». • » r .r>..^ ♦ :♦"*;♦"♦"♦'> r..-».T- - -..♦..♦:;♦;;♦;*.♦;.♦ 438 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. '.■«".<■- is published on Thursdays, and is a paper of considerable influence, being the organ of the Democracy of Ringgold County. THE HEADLIGHT was established in 1877 by a stock com- pany, and published for a year or so, chieflvto arouse interest in the north and south narrow-gauge railroad which was then proposed. The Headliglit was suc- ceeded by ONWARD, in 187S, and this paper was published for seven years, as a Republican sheet. It changed hands ver}' often, and died in De- cember, 1884. THE RINGGOLD COUNTY REPUBLICAN was established July 16. 1885, by Messrs. Wisdom & Williams. The former retired at the close of the first volume, and Rev. J. H. Tedford became a partner. The firm is now Williams & Tedford. The Republi- can has a good following among the people of Ruiggold and adjoining counties. It is an eight-column folio, published on Thurs- days, at Si-oo per year. THE KELLERTON MENTOR was established in 1881, by Kendall Broth- ers, as a Republican paper, six-column folio in size. In 1882, George R. Stephens, of the Ringgold County Record, became pro- prietor, and a year later he suspended its publication. Soon after, B. W. and F. W. Richards came here from Lucas, Lucas County, and started the KELLERTON INDEPENDENT. This was independent in politics, and lived nearly two years before going the way of its predecessor. Kellerton is now without a paper. THE REDDING REPORTER was the first journalistic venture at the vil- lage of Redding. F. M. Wisdom was the editor and owner, and 1885 the date. In a few months the Reporter was discontinued. In December of the same year Burrell & Noble issued the first number of the REDDING INDEPENDENT. S. G. Burrell was afterward sole pro- prietor, and Clayburg Brothers were the owners when publication was sus- pended, in the summer of 1886. The Inde- pende7it was true to its name, in politics, and was published on Thursdays, at the rate of $l5o per j'ear. The TIXGLEV TIMES was started by J. Gettinger, in 1882. He sold to L. O. McKinley, and he to Ray Brothers. In the meantime the name was changed to the NEWS. Then one Noah became owner, and moved the office to Wirt. Tingley was then with- out a paper until July, 1885, when the B.\TTLE AXE was swung over the heads of the inhabi- tants, by E. B. Garretson, of Lenox. The Axe ceased to swing in December follow- ing. J. J. Clark, of Gravity, published the INDEPENDENT for six months, in 1886, and then this paper went the way of its predecessors. The hi- dcpendent was a six-column paper, §1.50 per year, and was a valuable factor in the busi- ness of the place. Mr. Noah, above men- tioned, issued the WIRT WASP regularl)- for six months, and then went to Nebraska. He sold to John Abrams, who changed the name to the NEWS. This afterward passed into the hands of John Thrall, who suspended publication in 1884, and Wirt now depends upon Chicago for its news. :♦::♦. .♦.V !♦.* ;♦;> ■».!«. >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >;<•: .♦;♦: >;.« ;♦;>: ■■»♦ ■».♦ :•::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦';*; ;♦;♦. ;♦:>: :♦::♦: ■■>,»: :♦::♦: ♦ ♦ * « 4 * rHOFESSlOAAL. 439 'iS infi^t ^^^t' S^ ^(pj^i, »^c TI^K BAR. ♦ ♦ ♦.♦, ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦:♦: ♦: ♦. :♦'♦: ♦:♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦: ;♦ ♦, fr HE biographies of the present members of the bar are given in the biographical portion of this work, and in this place it is only de- signed to mention them, and also those attor- neys who have died or re- moved. Most of these, of course, were residents of MOUNT AYR. Thomas M. Bowen came to this point in 1857, from Cory don, and remained about three years. Though married, he was quite a young man. Cory- don was his first location as a lawyer. He was recognized as a shrewd man, and in some degree gave promise of the reputa- tion for the "scheming" ability that he now possesses. He went from here to Ne- braska. There he entered the volunteer army, in which he became a Brigadier- General. After the war he located at Lit- tle Rock, Arkansas, where he became a supreme judge. Thence he went to Col- orado, from wiiich State he was elected to the United States Senate, in 1883. He is reputed to have made great wealth out of silver. In politics he is a Republican. A man by the name of Marsh came here from Ohio in 1858, and remained two years. He was taken sick, and returned to Ohio, where he died. John A. Miller came about the same time, from Indiana. He practiced until 1862, and then enlisted in Company G, Twenty-ninth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. He was killed at Terranoir Creek, Arkan- sas. In political inclination he was a Dem- ocrat. Ezra C. Miller, his brother, also came here in 1858. In June, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Fourth Iowa Volunteer In- fantry. He was promoted to First Lieu- tenant, and while holding that rank was killed at Chickasaw Bayou, near Vicks- burg, in 1863. In politics he was a Repub- lican. Isaac VV. Keller came to the county in 1855, but did not commence the practice of law for five years. He enlisted in 1862 and served three years, attaining the rank of Second Lieutenant. He served as county judge one term before and one af- ter his military service. He was then elected Senator for one term of four years. From 1870 to 1873 he was engaged in farm- ing near Eugene, and in 1879 began another four-years" term as Senator. In 18S4 he was chosen justice of the peace, which of fice he now holds. With these numerous ».:♦..♦; fv^:*'«:*::*::*:>::-s:*:>:>:;*:>;>:>::*;:*:>:»;»:>::*::*:>;:«>:*:*;*^ 440 HIS TORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTr. ;*!>! 'fi'f' :♦>: >::♦: ;♦:••: ;♦;:♦; :♦:;«; ;♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::«• ;♦;■»: :♦::♦: ;♦;♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«■: :♦:>; :♦::♦: >.:♦: >:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: >■;♦: :■♦:;*: :♦::*: ;♦::♦; :♦:'♦: >:«: ;*:;<>: :♦:>: :•»:>; :♦::♦: :♦::»; :*■>: :♦:;♦: ;♦;»: »::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:;*: :♦:;♦; >:;*: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«■: :♦::♦; :*;♦; >:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:'♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦■>; :♦;:♦: >:>: :«;;♦: :♦::♦: :«:*■; :•»::♦: >:>; ;♦:;♦; :♦:»; :♦::♦: :♦:*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;*::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦•: >;v: .*:«■: :♦::♦: :♦;:•>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»; :«■;♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦; :*'♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦;:♦: *♦.>" ■••.').,♦: exceptions, he has practiced law since i860. He is a Republican. W. T. Laughlin has now been in contin- uous practice for twenty-five years, at Mt. Ayr, and stands high in the profession. He was district attorney one term, but re- signed before the expiration of the same. He was a Republican until recently, and now is a Democrat. R. C. Henry located here after the war, and has been in continuous practice since, exxept three years, while district judge. Previous to this, he was for a time recorder, by appointment. He is at this writing candidate on the Republican ticket for dis- trict judge. Robert F. Askren has been in practice for eleven j-ears. He has been county su- perintendent two terms, auditor one term, and is now Republican candidate for coun- ty attorney. John W. Warner came here from Leon about 1870, and farmed and practiced law for two or three years. He then returned to Leon, and afterward moved to Coloardo. C. D. Morris came here from Decatur County, in 1872, and was engaged in the real-estate business and the practice of law until the summer of 1886, when he removed to Denver, Colorado. He was a Republi- can. Jacob F. Mount came from Indiana in 1868, and after teaching school a year or two began the practice of law, which he has since followed. He served one term on the Board of Supervisors, under the old S)'stem. He was at that time a Republi- can, but now votes the Democratic ticket. R. H. Spence took a course of law at the State University, and commenced practice with R. F. Askren. He was successively in partnership with Ezra C. McMasters, Isaac W. Keller and R. C. Henry, with whom he is now associated. Ezra C. McMasters read law with Ask- ren and Spence. and was admitted here. >;»;>::<*::»::*;>;>;:*:>:>;>>;>;>;>::<»:;c»;>;>;>;>;>x*;>;:<<*::*;:*>;;*;:*; His business is principally loaning and note- brokering. M. A. Campbell read law with W. T. Laughlin, and has now been in practice ten years. John Scott, the present mayor of Mt. Ayr, has been in practice since 1876; J. W. Brockett since 1879, 'ind F. F. Leathers since 1880. OTHER VILLAGE-S. W. K. Brown located at Kellerton in 1880, and has been in practice since. He has been a resident of Ringgold County for seventeen years, and read law at Leon. George Spence was at Redding for two or three years, and in 1884 moved to Da- kota. J. E. Ra}' located at Tingley in 1883, and practiced a j'ear or so, then went to the western part of the State. L. O. McKinley, of Tingley, practices in justices' courts. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. The members of the profession of medi- cine who are now practicing are given full biographical mention in the main por- tion of this work, and in this chapter it is proposed to make some record of those who were once well known as phj'sicians in Ringgold Count}', but are dead or living in other localities. The first physician of the county was Alexander McCartney, who lived three miles southwest of where Mt. Ayr is, as early as 1853. He farmed, and did what little doctoring was required by the sparsely-settled community of that period. MOUNT AYR. The first physician here was E. Keith, who came in 1856. He was a good doctor. He was here ten years, and then removed to Mason County, Missouri, where he died. Dr. Pressle}' came in 1857 or 1858. and left during the war. >;>:>;:«»>>;:c*^:>::*:*:cc*;;c*;*::c*;;*;;*;>;»:>;:*/*:c*;»::*:.»:*^ ;■»;>: »: ;*>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '.■*.'.*. >"♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: >:>: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦.:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦.:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦; :♦::♦; !♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦•:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«': :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; '»:m :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: »::♦: :«:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•»::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦;:♦::♦; i^ :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ > ♦: :♦:♦: >:♦; »i >':♦; >:>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >;♦! >:♦; :♦:>! ;♦:>; ;*;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:♦: :•:♦; :♦.:♦) :♦.;♦: :«^>: :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;♦; :♦;♦; :♦::♦; :♦.;♦; >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦;♦: :♦.;♦: :♦* >.♦: :♦;♦: >:♦: >>; :♦;* »: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::« :♦::♦: >::«': :♦::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: :«::•'; :♦::♦: :♦:* :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦: >::♦: >:>: :♦.;♦: *;♦; :♦:♦: >::«: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦>: iJJ »; :♦:;♦: >:>: >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:* :♦::«! :♦::•: >:;♦: »: :♦:♦: :«::*: •»::♦: :♦'♦' :♦'♦ ;♦ ♦ :♦.♦: :♦ ♦ > ♦ PJtOFESS/OXAL. 441 Alexander Z. Hiigo^ins came to Mt. Ayr shortly before the war. He enlisted in the Twenty-ninth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and became Captain of Company G. His health failed him. however, and heresis^ned and returneti home, where he resumed his practice. He was a representative to the General Assembly, in 1864. In 1S66 he died. Dr. Kackley was here a year and a half duringf the war, after which he settled in Missouri. Dr. Stephenson was here one year during the war. The oldest physician at Mt. Ayr is John T. Merrill, but he has retired from prac- tice. He located at Ringgold City, on the State line, ten miles south of Mt. Ayr, in 1856, and came to Mt. Ayr in 1866, prac- ticing here until 1880. Much of his time, however, was given to bankinij. He is now a druggist. D. F. Scllards graduated at Rush Medi- cal College, in Chicago, in February, 1866, having previously studied with Dr. Hug- gins, and then located permanently at Mt. Ayr, where he practiced until his death, in 1879. He was a good physician. His widow and three sons live at Mt. .Ayr. William Home, from Monmoutli, Illinois, came to this place in February, i86g, and has practiced continuously since. Bird Hagans, a son of Judge James C. Ilagans, the first county judge, studied with Dr. Merrill, wasadmitted in 1871, and practiced a few years. I le labored under the serious disadvantage of poor health, however, and died at Mt. Ayr. He had no diploma, having attended but one course of lectures. Had health permitted, he would have com- pleted his professional training and made a most useful member of the fraternity. His widow lives ten miles south of Mt. Ayr. J. \V. Campbell came to this place in the spring of 1871, originally (rom Florida, but directly from Missouri. His taniily had preceded him here several years. He practiced with Dr. Home three years, spent • ♦ ♦;■♦■'♦!>"♦"♦'♦ one summer in Nebraska, returned, and with Dr. Home ran a drug store for three years. He then resumed the exclusive practice of his profession. In the autumn of 1886 he removed to Ottumwa. uitending to make a specialty of the eye. A physician named Calkins came from Illinois in the spring of 187 1 and practiced until his death, a few years later. A. J. Willey came here from Osceola in 1872. He had been Surgeon of the Tenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry during the war. He practiced here until 1882 since which date he has been in Nebraska. Frank Cornwall was here several years, and is now in San Francisco. J. H. White, C. B. White and S. Bailey have located at Mt. Ayr in the last few years, and are now in practice. AT OTIIICK rL.\CES. At Kellerton L. P. Thayer was the first physician. He remained three years and then went to Davis Count}'. Dr. Jewett was here one year and then went to Mis- souri. A. and M. Camp, brothers, have been here since 1880. R. Tripp was here several years and is now in Jasper County. W. L. Gleason has been here since 1884. Thomas Kenworthy lived on the site of Redding before a village was proposed at that point. He moved to Oregon in 188 1. H. C. Dukes was here a year and moved to Clarke County. Dr. McLean was here a year and then moved to Missouri. The pres- ent practitioners are A. E. King, Thomas H. Humphrey and W. E. Lawhead. L. E. St. John was the first physician at Tingley. He remained two years and then went West. James Nichols and R. W.Sel- bv are now in practice at this point. The first physician at W^irt was named Lloyd. He remained a year or so, and then went to Daktjta. Rev. F. S. Lock came in iSSj, and [)ractices medicine and preaches the gospel. J. P. Maxwell is also in practice. He succeeded Lloyd. ■> .♦ ♦:.♦: ♦::♦.:♦..♦;;♦..♦;>_♦;.♦ ■ .♦,». ;♦>! >:♦ :♦> :♦>: ;♦* :♦>: »; >:;♦; :♦.>; :♦::♦: >;'♦: >:>! :♦,!♦: ;♦>: 55 >:♦; :♦:♦; >'♦: >>: >♦: :♦:♦: :♦>■ :♦:;♦; >:;♦; >.» >.>! :♦*: >:;♦: >■;♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >>' »: >>: :♦.♦: >>: >:>■ >::♦: >>: >;:♦: t*>: >;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ».♦: >::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :*.:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;« >:>: :♦.:♦: ;♦::♦; >::♦; >:♦; :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: »■ :♦>' >;:♦. >>. >>. :♦.♦. :♦.:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦.:♦; :♦;♦: >:*: :*:♦: :*:*; :«:«: :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:♦: :♦♦; :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦♦' :♦♦: :♦:♦; :♦♦: :•'«: :♦:♦: :•♦: :♦:♦: >:;♦: :♦:« >■'♦: '"♦"♦"♦"♦"♦■? ♦. » :♦;:♦; >:♦: '♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ••;■♦: :♦;■•; '♦:>: ;♦"'»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:* :♦:••• :♦:■»• :♦::*: ;♦:>: ;♦:;*: :*.*: >:* ■«■». :♦:♦: :♦;>; ■•::*: •»::*: :♦:*■•: :♦;:«: ■»::♦: :♦::»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:■♦: :♦;:♦• :♦::♦: >:♦" :♦::<■: :♦:;*. :♦:.*: >:>: :♦;.♦; >;.♦: :♦:♦: ■•::♦; >;*: :♦:.»: ■♦::♦: * *. -. :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: '*'.'*' 442 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. NDER this not very specific heading will be ^ treated the subjects of ,^ education, agriculture, ; J public buildings, rail- roads and statistics of 1^ population. EDUCATIONAL. Ringgold pioneers of brought with them an faith in free schools. Each settlement, as soon as pop- ulous enough to support one, built a house and established a neighborhood school, and in time organized districts of suitable size. These were larger when the county was sparsely settled, but now are generally four square miles in size, the school-house being in the center, or at the corner of the four sections. The public schools were under the supervision of the school-fund commissioners until 1858, which office was superseded under the new Constitution by thatof county superintendent of schools. No college, academy, or select school has ever existed in the county, the school sys- tem consisting simply of the common dis- trict school in the country, and the graded school in the villages. } The best idea of the progress that has ! been made, and the present condition of the schools of the county, may be obtained from the following summary of the last pub- lished report, for 1884: There are in the county thirteen district townships; thirty-three independent dis- tricts, and 100 sub-districts. The ungraded schools number 133, and there are nine rooms in the graded schools. The average duration of school is 6.7 months in each j'ear, which is a little less than the average for the whole State. Sixty-seven male teachers and 162 female teachers are em- ployed, at average compensations of $34.45, and $26.35 per month respectivel}-. The number of males between five and twenty-one years of age is 2,493 ; females, 2,424; enrollment in public school, 1,616; average attendance, 1,082 ; average cost of tuition per month, per pupil, $1.82; value of school-houses, $55,980. The amount paid for school-houses and sites during the 3'ear was $2.478.77 ; paid for teachers, $29,515- The school fund loaned in Ringgold County amounts to $33,843.70. This is loaned to farmers on mortgage, at eight per cent. There have been no losses of conse- quence since 1874. In that year the losses reported were $1,221.62, and the previous >:!♦; >s ■♦:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; >"♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: ■»;;♦; *■;♦; ;♦:>; ;♦.:♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦!>; !♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦::♦; ;•♦::♦: :•»:■»: ;*::*: • > '.v '■:♦: >>^ .0 >: .*>: >>: :♦:■♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: .*■:*: ;♦>: :♦:>: :♦:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: '♦;>; •>: > * ■->.♦; .♦;>; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:>; ;♦;;♦; ;♦:>: :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::«': ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: ;♦;:♦: :*» >:;«:*::*::*::c<«.»>;;*>;;*>;»"*::c*::*:*::«*"c«:c*»"*::*;:€*:^^^ ' ♦. .♦. .♦. ;♦: [♦; :♦: ft. 'a. * * 'n. ?* ;♦' '^ :♦ :♦' ♦' ♦' ♦' ♦■ ♦■ ♦' ♦■ ♦■ ♦■ ♦■ ♦■ ♦ ■♦■ *■ ♦■ ♦■ •■ ♦■ » :*■ ♦■ ♦■ ♦■ •♦ •»■ ■* »■ •♦■ •♦• ♦' w ♦■ *' •■ •• * ■*■ ■*■ '*: •*■ •*■ •* ■*• *' ■»■ ••■ ■»■ '•• ■»• w ■* MJSCELLANEO VS. 443 * + ♦ ♦ :♦:'♦ :♦'♦ ;♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦: ♦ *■ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ » ♦ • :♦:♦; ;♦:♦' :♦'♦■ '♦. ♦ .♦.♦: ♦ * ■■♦,♦: :♦♦, *♦: >:.♦' :♦'♦: ♦ > ♦ ♦ year $446.37 was lost. The fund amounted, [ in I S74, to $25,285.10. and the county then had unsold, 240 acres o( land. It now has j 120 acres. The greater part of the increase j in the fund is due to transfers from other counties, which have been made as fol- lows : I Tama County, §1,000, June i, 1880: Mahaska County, $1,000, August 16, 18S0; | Cass County. $t,ooo, December 23, 18S1 ; Linn County. $1,000. March 16, 1882 ; Cass County, $1,000, May 30, 1882: Black Hawk ' County, $2,000, November 29, 1882. Total, $7,000. The natural increase of the fund, i from sales of lands, escheated estates, etc., is very slow. AGRICULTURAL. No ponds of stagnant water or wet, marshy land are found in Ringgold County, and it is particularly well adapted to agri- cultural purposes. The soil is the common deep, rich, drift soil characteristic of South- ern Iowa, capable of protlucing abundant crops of all products adapted to the climate t)f that latitude, of corn especially. The native grasses formerly yielded large crops, but as population increased have been gradually superseded, to a large extent, by the tame grasses which are propagated easily and thrive abundantly. Timothy, clover and blue grass are extensively culti- I vated. This has become a prosperous and ' pr(}minent stock-raising county, including cattle, horses, mules, sheep and hogs. Of late years considerable attention has been | given to fruit-growing, with excellent sue- j cess. Apples, pears, cherries and all the 1 small fruits thrive with proper cultivation. ' Grapes may be produced in great abun- dance. I Tlie great rural industry, however, is ' stock-raising. There is no finer region for stock anywhere, and more and more atten- j tion is given to it every year. Prophets i are not wanting who say that this is to become entirely a stock country. That certainly seems to be the tendency, and the small farms are disappearing before the large stock-growers. The population will not increase if this continues to be the rule. The following statistics are from the State census, prepared in 1885, and apply to the year 1884: Average size of farm, 125 acres; acres im- proved land, 206,391 ; acres in cultivation, '35'873; acres unimproved land, 82,834; acres of pasture, 55,267; rods of hedge, 224,794; rods of barbed-wire fence, 667,052 ; rods of other fence, 187,181 ; farms man- aged by owner, 1,492; farms under man- ager, 19; farms rented for share of crop, 103 ; farms rented for money, 302 ; acres of corn, 63,641 ; bushels of corn, 2,212,060; acres of wheat, 680; bushels of wheat, 6,252 ; acres of oats, 30,812 ; bushels of oats, 667,515; tons of straw, 13,953 ; acres of rye, 120; bushels of rye, 11,754; tons of straw, 798 ; acres of barley, 27 ; bushels of barley, 228 : acres of buckwheat, 457 ; bushels of buckwheat, 5,170; acres of sorghum, 671 ; gallons of sorghum syrup, 45,192 ; acres of potatoes, 910; bushels of potatoes, 80,771 ; acres of planted timber, 1,015; acres of natural timber, 19,627; cords of wood cut in 1884, 10,828; apple trees, bearing, 60,- 458 ; bushels of apples, 47,704 ; other trees, bearing, 12,628; bushels of other fruit, 2,499: trees not bearing, 68,046: acres in timothy, 46,526 : tons of hay, 44,986 ; bush- els of seed, 5,858 ; tons of hay from wild grass, 8,240; acres in other cultivated grasses, 3,730: tons of hay, 6,871 ; busiiels of seed, 4,844; acres of flax, 1,880; bushels of seed, 8,720; thorough-bred cattle, 288 ; graded, 1,431 : work oxen, 3; milch cows, 8,196; other cattle, 20,285; horses, 8,507; mules and asses, 596; hogs, 36,679; sheep, 3,649: pounds of wool, i6,iS6; common chickens, 86,818; improved chickens 10,- 082; average value of farms, $4,135. »:;♦::♦:: ;♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;« ;♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:% :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦:;« :♦::♦: ;-»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »:;« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:•« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:% :•»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦:>: :♦::♦: »: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;*::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: ;»"♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: !♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :-»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:«£ :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: >:>: :♦:;« :♦:% :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦::♦': :♦:■»;;♦: 444 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COVNTY. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. As early as 1859, Ringgold Count)- or- ganized an agricultural society. On the 1 8th of June ot that year a formal organiza- tion was completed, with the following board of officers : I. W. Keller, President ; E. Sheldon, Vice-President ; K.Z. Huggins, Secretary ; and J. C. Hagans, Treasurer. Eight directors were also elected. The first annual fair was held October 14, 1859. The society purchased a beautiful forty- acre tract of land about one mile north- east of Mt. Ayr, on which they located their fair grounds, and have made good improvements. The property is valued at $1,500, and the society is in debt just about that amount. For the last five years the societ)' has paid its premiums in full, with- out reference to the ratio of receipts to ex- penses. The hall, 24x130 feet, is usually crowded with machinery, produce, etc. The customary races and other features usually found at county fairs are sustained. The constitution of the societ}^ is as fol- lows : Article I. This society shall be known as the Ringgold Count}- Farmers' and Me- chanics' Agricultural Society, having for its object the dissemination of all useful knowledge applicable to agriculture, horticulture, mechanism, the arts, rural and domestic economy, and all industrial pursuits connected therewith. Art. II. Theofficersof this society shall consist of a president, secretary, corre spending secretary, treasurer, and execu- tive committee of three members, and a board of five directors — three of whom shall constitute a quorum for the transac- tion of business. Art. III. The annual meeting for the election of officers, who shall serve for one year, shall be held in Mt. Ayr, Iowa, on the last Saturday in December of each year. Any vacancy that may occur, may be filled by the Board of Directors until the next regular election. Art. IV. The officers elected as above shall assume their duties on the first Mon- day of January following, and it shall be incumbent on the retiring Board to settle up the business of the year, and shall have the time above specified to perform that duty. Art. V. The duties of the president and vice-president shall be such as are usually attached to such offices. Art. VI. The secretary shall kesp a faithful record of all the proceedings of the society and the Board of Directors, and shall attend, with all his records and papers at all regular meetings of the society and its annual fairs. Art. VII. It shall be the duty of the treasurer to receive all moneys due the so- ciety, and pay them out on the order of the president, countersigned bv the secretary, and he shall execute a bond to be approved by the Board of Directors, for the faithful performance of his duties, and to pay over all moneys, property and effects in his hands at the expiration of his term of office. He shall keep a regular account current with the secretary, and render an abstract thereof to the executive committee, and report the financial condition of the society at its annual meeting. He shall also attend all regular meetings of the society and its annual fairs. Art. VIII. It shall be the duty of the corresponding secretary to respond to all letters of inquiry concerning the societ}', and render such assistance to the Secretary as may be required. Art. IX. The president, secretarv and treasurer shall be ex-officio members of the Board of Directors, and said board shall have power to make all necessary prudential rules and regulations for the government of this society, to all its prac- tical and beneficial operations: to call spe- :♦::♦,:♦: ;♦;:«■;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:!»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"«: ;■»:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;■•::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;« ;♦:;♦: .<»:;♦: :■»::♦: :♦:»: »::♦: :♦::♦: :•»:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ^* >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: w:m »::♦: »::♦: :•»::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: »:;♦: ;♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■»"♦: >::♦: :♦"<•! :♦::♦: :•»::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: mm :♦:;♦: :♦:<»: >:;♦: :♦;.♦: :♦::♦: ?^ :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦;:♦: mm m.m. >::♦: m.m :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;'»::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:,♦: >:.♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: m.m m.m '♦:;♦::«': :♦;:♦;:* ♦' ■♦' ■♦"♦" * '♦' '4 ♦' ♦: '♦' .♦' .♦' '♦" ♦' ♦' ♦: ♦" :♦' ♦' * ♦■ > ■ > ♦; :♦:♦: »! :♦:♦! >:^ »: »: >:♦: :*>: >* :♦::♦: :♦:;•> :♦"*; >:>: >:>: >:>: :♦.;♦; :♦::♦: :♦.>: :♦:♦: >::♦: :♦:♦: >::♦: >::♦: 'ft:)*. :♦::••: :♦:;« :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; >:;♦: >:>: :♦;:<»: >;;♦: :♦,;♦: >:>; »; >:>: :♦::♦; >:>: :♦::« >::♦: :«::«•: :♦;:«! ;♦::« :♦::« :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::«! :♦::« :«::«! :♦::«> :♦::« :♦;;* :♦::♦> >::♦: :♦:;«> >::«! :♦:;«! :«::« >::« :♦::■•> :♦::« :«:«! :♦::« :♦::«! :♦::♦; >:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦.;♦: :♦.;•) :♦.;* :♦::« :♦;:« :♦::♦: :■•;:«) :♦::«> :♦;:«; :♦::*: ;«::♦: :♦::« :«::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦;'♦: :♦::«: :♦:;»: :♦:;♦: :♦'♦: :♦♦ '♦♦ M1SCELL.\.\E<>US. 445 cial meetings of the society and board ; to designate premiums to be awarded at the fairs, and to appoint committees — not appointed by the society at its annual meeting — necessary to carry out the objects of the societ\ , and shall perform such other duties as properl\- belong to such bodies. Art. X. it shall be the duty of the ex- ecutive committee to carry out the orders of the Board of Directors, and to have the general supervision of the society's grounds. Art. XI. The principal place of busi- ness shall be in Mt. Avr, Iowa, and no cap- ital shall be required other than the amount received from the State and county and the proceeds of the annual fair, which can only be invested in grounds and ti.\tures neces- sary to the accommodation of the society, the payment of premiums and the usual expenses of the society. Art. XII. This society shall hold an annual fair at such a time as the Board of Directors may determine. Art. XIII. Any person may become a member of this society by paying the an- nual sum of $i.oo to the society, which entitles him to a vote at the annual meet- ing in the election of officers. Art. XIV. The Board of Directors shall annually — prior to the 1st of May — establish a list of premiums to be award- ed at the next fair, and adopt rules and regulations for its government, which shall be published as provided by law. Art. XV. At the election of officers, any member receiving a majority of all votes cast for any office, shall be declared elected. Art. XVI. Voting by this society for the election of officers shall be by ballot, and in all other cases may be by "avc" or "nay." Art. X\'11. In all cases of adjourned meetings or special meetings of the society — provided five days' notice has been given — three members shall constitute a quorum for transaction of business. Art. XVIII. This constitution and by- laws of this society may be altered at any regular meeting thereof, by a vote of the majority of the members present. The payment of $i.oo annually entitles a person to membership and a family ticket. In 18S5 over 600 tickets were sold. In 1886 the experiment of charging $2.00 for a membership and family ticket was tried, and but eighty-three tickets were taken. Single admission tickets are 25 cents. Theofficersof the society for i886are: I. A. Palmer, President ; John Beaty, Vice-Presi- dent ; Henry Todd, Secretary ; J. W. Scott, Joseph Robinson, D. C. Tidrick, I. M. Long and Daniel Huffman, Directors ; J. M. McGorsuch, L. O. Imus and James W. Spencer, Executive Committee. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. In the spring of 1856 the county judge caused the erection of a hewed-Iog house, at Mt. Ayr, for the use of the county officers. It was fourteen feet square, and fur- nished with two tables, two desks or book- cases, and a small rough-board box or safe for the public revenue. It was occupied by the county judge, clerk, treasurer and recorder, surveyor, and one physician, as regular occupants. This first court-house was blown down by a high wind, and the records scattered far and wide. Some papers were never recovered. Pieces of money were found two weeks afterward. The ruined building was superseded in 1859 t>y ^ frame one erected on the east side of and fronting the public square, two stories high, with lour office rooms in the first, and court and jury rooms in the sec- ond story. It cost S3. 500. which was paid from the proceeds o( the sales of town lots. This old building is yet standing, and is used for mercantile purposes. .♦-♦ >>: >> >> >:♦ :♦.:♦: :♦:>; >::♦: ;♦;♦: :♦:♦. :♦:♦ '♦.;♦: >♦■ >>. >:♦ >>: :♦.:♦; :♦:♦: »: »: *>; >■>] :♦.;♦: >>, >,♦: >♦ ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :•>: >♦■ >:>: >>: :♦>: >:♦. >>: >* :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: >::♦; :♦":♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :*:♦: >:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: *:♦: :♦:♦: > ♦ >'«. :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: >::♦: >:♦ ;♦:♦ :♦.♦, >.>. >;♦ :♦.:♦: :♦:♦ > > :♦.♦ :♦.;♦. :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦>: ;♦>■ :♦.;♦: :«:♦. >:♦: :♦..•: ;♦::♦: ;♦:♦; :♦:* :♦::*: ;♦::♦: >:;♦: :*::♦: :♦;* :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦"♦- :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦'♦: :«>' :♦♦: :♦ ♦' ^ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦"♦>:'♦>:;♦>"♦:>"♦'♦;♦'♦ ► ♦♦♦.♦. .♦: .♦: .♦ :♦ ♦. ,♦. .♦'♦ ;♦;.♦, :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: -:♦;:♦; duf. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;.♦: ;♦;>; »:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;«: :♦::♦: »: :♦;:«: :♦::♦: m :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>; ;♦;:♦; dm :♦:>: :♦>: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:* :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: ?(* :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: • :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :«r>: ;♦;■* :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »;;♦: :♦:> :♦:;♦: :♦;:•> :♦::♦; :♦::♦ :♦;:« :♦:;♦ :♦;:« ■♦"•■: 446 HIS TOT! r OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. Though the need for a better place to keep the valuable documents and accum- ulating records, and more suitable accom- modations for the county offices, and the terms of court was felt for many years, it was not until 1881 that the matter was taken up, and a petition presented to the Board of Supervisors, asking that an elec- tion be called for the purpose of voting on the question of issuing bonds to build a house, within a limit of $30,000. The election was called, but the proposition was defeated by a large majority. The matter was again brought before the Board in 1882, and another special election was called for June, which resulted as before, but the majority against the proposition was very small. It was again submitted at the regular election in the autumn of that year, and this time the vote was favor- able. The limit was placed at $40,000. During the remainder of 1882 the work of selling the bonds, looking up plans, etc., was done. The contract was let to R. K. Allen, of St. Joseph, Missouri, for $35,445, under the plans and specifications of Eckel & Mann, in March, 1883. -"^s the Board had sold the bonds at a premium, there was $40,527 in their hands, leaving a bal- ance of over $5,000. Out of this it was determined to expend sufficient to put in steam-heating apparatus, a large clock, a gas machine, and other improvements. Ground was broken early in 1883, but the continuous wet weather prevented them from making brick, and no work was done on the building until the middle of August. The work progressed sufficienth' to enclose it by the time extreme cold weather set in, and the inside work was done during the winter and spring. The building was occupied in April, though not entirely finished that soon. The court-house is seventy-seven and one-half feet wide, north and south, and ninety-eight feet long, east and west, and to the top of the roof is about fifty feet. It is 102 feet to the top of the tower. The foundation walls are seven feet below the surface of the ground, and are five feet thick at the base. The basement story is a net-work of heavy, intersecting walls, forming a large number of small rooms. Several of these are arranged for the steam-heating apparatus. On the first COURT-HOUSE, MT. .'\VR. floor are the rooms used bv the clerk, treasurer, recorder, grand jury, grand jury witnesses, sheriff, superintendent of schools. Board of Supervisors and auditor, besides five vaults and a well-equipped wash-room and water-closet. A tessellated or checkered marble floor is laid in the halls. The grand stairways are located on both sides of the eastern entrance. There is also a smaller single stairwa}' in the western part of the building. The first story is fourteen feet high inside. ':♦♦.♦>;♦:♦:♦>;:♦.♦>';♦:♦::♦':♦ , > > v '♦• '♦■ :« -f '♦: ■♦' -^, ■♦ ♦ > ♦■ * .♦..♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦',♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >::< :♦::♦: *:♦; >:>: "v: :♦:•) :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; ♦.>! >:% ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: *:♦; *>: >:>: .♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: >:*: ■>■■*:■ >■>; :♦::♦: ,♦■.;*: :♦>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: *"♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: '♦::♦: >::♦•; >:.♦: :♦:♦: At/scuL I. A .vsoas . 447 ♦ 4 On the second floor is the court-roonr, clerk's room and vault, and rooms for the prosccuting-attorncy, jury, surveyor and coroner. The court-room is 40x68 feet, and capable of seating about 300 persons. The clerk's upper and lower rooms are connected by an elevator or dummy, by which books and documents may be trans- ferred quickly and easily. A winding stair leads up inside the tower, from which one can get a commanding view of the surrounding couiUrv for a distance of twenty miles. The building is located in the center of a square 280 x 280 feet, tilled with trees. It is a matter of great pride to the citizens to have so fine a building, honestly con- structed and well arranged. It is large enough to answer all purposes during the lives of all present residents of Ringgold County. The county has never had but one jail. The Board of .Supervisors in June, 1876, appointed E. G. Martin and Charles Arndt to draft specifications. The con- tract for building the jail, was awarded August 12, 1876, to Charles Arndt, for $1,258. It is south of the southeast corner of the square, is 18 x 20 feet in size, and ten feet high. It is built of square timbers, with an iron roof, and contains four rooms. The two cells are constructed of half-inch boiler iron. The ctiunty farm is 240 acres in size, and includes the south half of the southwest quarter of section 17, the east half of the northwest quarter of section 20, and the west half of the northeast quarter of sec- tion 20, township 69 north, range 29 west. The farm was bought of John A. Under- hill, October 6, 1882, for $5,000. The count}' put up a building the next spring, at a cost of over $2,000, and other improve- ments have cost another $i,(XX). There are now seventeen inmates of the county house. RAILROADS. The county was without these wonder- ful aids to development until 1S79. In that year the Leon, Mt. Ayr «S Southwest- ern Railroad Company was organized, and a road built (roin Bethany Junction, De- catur County, to Mt. Ayr, 23.1 miles. The townships crossed voted from two to five per cent, taxes, and contributed $48,000 and the right of way. They received stock for this amount, but the stock was absolutely worthless. In 1880, the branch was extended to Grant City, 22.3 miles from Mt. Ayr. The line is officially known as the Chariton & Grant City branch, and is 45.4 miles long. The stations in this county, with distances from Bethany Junction are: Kellerton, eleven; Lesan, sixteen; Mount Ayr, twentv-three ; Del- phos, twenty -eight ; Redding, thirty-four. One mixed train a day runs from Grant City to Bethany Junction and return. The Humeston tS: .Slienanddah Railroad, in the northern part of the county, crosses the northern tier of townships east and west, and also Grant and Monroe Town- ships. It was built in 1880, by the Burling- ton & Wabash Companies, in partnership, and extends from Humeston to Shenandoah, a little over 100 miles. The stations in this county, and distances from Hume- ston, are: Beaconsfield, thirty-three; Wirt, thirty-seven: Tingley, forty-two; Kew, forty-eight; Goshen, fifty-three. Two trains a day arc run in each direction. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. The po]iulation of Ringgold County has been, at the dates given, as follows : 1854, 128; 1856,1,472; 1859,2,507; i860, 2,923; 1863, 3.038; 1865, 3,089; 1867. 3,888; 1869, 5,029; 1870, 5,691 ; 1873, 6,850; 1875. 7.546; 1880, 12.085; '***^5. '2.730. Below is given the population by town- ships in i860, 1870, 1880 and 1885: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•»: :♦::♦: :♦:% :♦::♦: :♦::♦: %"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:•»: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:»: »::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:!»: >;:♦; , :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: Wi. :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«'::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦"♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:<« :♦>: ;♦:;♦: Wi .♦::♦: :•::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•♦! :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *■* :♦;;♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦:" 448 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. CENSUS OF i860. Athens, 241; East Fork, 257; Lett's Creek, 476; Middle Fork, 191; Mt. Ayr, 386; Platte, 182; Sand Creek, 221; Wash- ington, 614; West Fork, 354. CENSUS OF 1870. Athens, 502: Benton, 367; Clinton, 341 ; Grant, 290; Jefferson, 527; Liberty, 243; Lincoln, 205 ; Lott's Creek, 709 : Middle Fork, 457; Monroe, 268; Mt. Ayr, 827; Tingley, 112; Union, 325; Washington, 518. CENSUS OF 1880. Athens, 834 ; Benton, 760; Clinton, 831 ; Grant, 655 ; Jefferson, 833 ; Liberty, 574; Lincoln, 815; Lott's Creek, 779: Middle Fork, 704; Monroe, 545 ; Mt. Ayr, 1,275 ; Poe, 552; Rice. 566; Riley, 404; Tingley, 516 ; Union, 625 ; Washington, 817. CENSUS OF 1885. Athens, 712 ; Benton, 649; Clinton, 653 ; Grant, 843 ; Jefferson, 734 ; Liberty, 642 ; Lincoln, 654; Lott's Creek, 718; Middle Fork, 661 ; Monroe, 680: Mt. Ayr, 1,274; Poe, 536 ; Rice, 675 ; Riley, 370 : Tingley, 619; Union, 844; Washington, 784. MISCELLANEOUS. Number of dwellings, 2,524. Number of families, 2,550; males, 6,685 ; females. 6,045 ; native-born, 12,207 ! foreign-born, 523- NATIVE POPULATION, BY STATES. Arkansas, 5 ; California, 5 ; Colorado, 3 ; Connecticut, 20 ; Delaware, 5 ; Florida, 3 ; Georgia,!; Illinois, 1,387; Indiana, 826; Iowa, 6,307; Kansas, 81; Kentucky, 146; Louisiana, 2 ; Maine, 40 ; Maryland, 23 ; Massachusetts, 23; Michigan, 35; Minne- sota, 23 ; Mississippi, 3 ; Missouri, 351 ; Ne- braska, 21 ; Nevada, 4 ; New Hampshire, 5 ; New Jersey, 40 ; New York, 236 ; North Carolina, 82 ; Ohio, 1,533; Oregon, 2; Pennsylvania, 633; Rhode Island, 4; South Carolina, i ; Tennessee, 55; Texas, 2; Vermont, 20; Virginia, 141; West Vir- ginia, 38; Wisconsin, 86; D.ikota, 6 ; Utah, 6 ; Washington, 3. FOREIGN POPULATION, BY COUNTRIES. England, 94; Scotland, 16; Ireland, 181 ; Wales, I ; Canada, 62 ; Sweden, 1 1 ; France, 18; Germany, 62; Bohemia, 36; Denmark, i ; other countries, 41. POSTOFFICES. There are in Ringgold County twenty postoffices, as follows : Beaconsfield, Blackmore, Caledonia, Clipper, Delphos, Eugene, Goshen, Ingart, Kellerton, Kew, Lesan, Maloy, Mortimer, Mt. Ayr, Red- ding, Riley, Ringgold, Thomas, Tingley and Wirt. 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The nearest timber is about one mile distant. The site of the town commands an extensive view of the sur- rounding country, in differ- ent directions. Before the location of the county seat by the commissioners appointed by the General Assembly, the residents of Ringgold County had discussed the ques- tion, and in a sort of caucus or conference had lixe ♦ .♦ ♦ > ♦. > .♦. :♦,♦ ;♦:♦: >'* »: ;♦>: ;♦* *:♦: ■♦'♦' * 4 > •> .♦.♦ » » :♦:♦: :*:♦; :*:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:■♦: >:>: »; ;♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: :** :♦.;♦: :♦.* >> :♦:♦: :♦* >:♦: >♦ :♦.;♦ >::♦: :♦!>; :♦::♦; :♦;*: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >>: >> ♦ ♦ :♦..♦. ;♦.♦ :♦:♦ 5$ :♦:♦ :♦.:♦ :♦;♦: :♦,;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦.:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: *;♦; >:♦: >::♦: :«:>: :♦::♦: >.;♦. ;♦.:♦: >■* »;♦: :*::♦. :♦:♦: ;♦♦' :♦ « :♦♦ :*::*: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::•': :*::•: :♦'♦; >:♦: :♦"•♦: :♦"♦: '♦ ♦ :« ♦. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦>;».»„♦;>.>.>;.♦;>::♦;;♦;;♦;>;.♦>;;♦::♦: ♦•*»»»-.. ♦ ♦jiij«i>j«u»:;* » * 450 HISTORl' OF R/AGGOLD COUNTY. :♦:»: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: »"♦: :♦::♦: '♦'<( >::<■: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: >::*: :♦:»: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;•>■■ :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦:»: :♦:* ;♦:% »:•»: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: >;:♦: >::♦; >;:♦: :♦•♦' :♦;:♦: :♦"♦' six feet wide. All alleys are sixteen and a half feet wide. Lots fronting: on the public square are forty-four feet front by 132 feet deep ; all other lots sixty-six feet front by 132 feet deep, except those on the outer tier, which are fractional, and are marked on the plat as such." The first settlement was made in 1855, by David Edwards, Oran Gore, Chester Standcliff, B. B. Dunning and K. G. Beall. In the spring of 1856 the county judge, clerk and treasurer made their homes in Mt. Ayr, and about the same time Henry Crabb. a merchant, and Dr. E. Keith, set- tled in the place, being respectively the first merchant and physician. Other pio- neers were E. G. Martin, a blacksmith, John Romans, Samuel Dickey, Isaac W. Keller and D. C. Kinsell. By i860 the village is said to have reached a population of about 250. During the war it was about sta- tionar3% but from 1865 to 1870 it grew steadily, and in 1870 there were 422 in- habitants. The growth was very light then until the railroad was projected to this place, when it grew rapidly for a couple of )'ears. In 1880 the Federal census gave the town 1,275, 'i'''^ ^' that figure it has since remained. The State census in 1885, showed 1,274. FIRES .\ND FIRE DEPARTMENT. The first serious fire occurred in 1879, when four firms were burned out, at the northeast corner of the square. Sellards & Ross were the principal sufferers. In 1881 a building was destroyed at the southeast corner of the square, near the postoffice. In the autumn of 1885 the Crawford House and Mrs. Allaway's boarding-house, north- east of the court-house were burned. The most serious fire of all occurred October 30, 1885. when James Askren &: Co.'s grocery, Stewart Berkey's bookstore, Offenhauser's grocery, I. Frank «& Co.'s clothing estab- lishment and F. F. Leather's law office, a row- of buildings on the south side, were burned. The Hook and Ladder Company of Mt. Ayr was organized in 1880, and two years later w^as provided with suitable apparatus— ladders, buckets, axes, etc. Thomas Leisure is chief. INCORPORATION. The incorporated town of Mt. Ayr dates from 1875. The first meeting of the coun- cil was held Jul}- 5, of that year, at the ofhce of the mayor, E. G. Martin. The officers elected that and subsequent years have been as follows : 1875. — Mayor, E. G. Martin ;Councilmen, Isaac W. Keller, Thomas Ross, A. Ingram, J. D. Miller and N. W. Clark; Recorder, R. F. Askren, resigned and succeeded by A. J. Johnson, and he by J. C. Askren ; Marshal, J. B. Elliott, resigned, and D. B. Marshall appointed ; Street Commissioner, John Romans: Treasurer. Walter Dun- ning. 1876. — Mayor, E. G. Martin ; Council- men, N. W. Clark, J. D. Miller, John Cur- rie, Charles Arndt and W. H. x\lexander; Recorder, J. C. Askren ; Treasurer, Henry Todd ; Street Commissioner and Marshal, D. B. Marshall : Attorney, J. F. Mount. 1877. — Maj^or, E. G. Martin; Council- men, George T. Young, A. Ingram, I. W. Keller, Thomas Liggett and Z. T. Kinsell ; Recorder, C. B. Morris ; Attorney, J. F. Mount; Street Commissioner, M. T. Mcln- tyre. 1878. — Mayor, E. G. Martin; Council- men, Isaac W. Keller, Z. T. Kinsell, Day Dunning, B. R. Baker and Thomas Lig- gett ; Recorder, D. E. Thomas; Treasurer, Henry Todd ; Assessor, J. T. Williams ; Street Commissioner and Marshal, E. L. Williams. 1879. — Mayor, R. F. Askren; Council- men, B. R. Baker, Day Dunning, J. S. Kirby, A. Nash, Isaac W. Keller, resigned, and succeeded by M. S. 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Nash and Day Dunning; Recorder, H. C. 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Jesse Sherwood, who visited ever}' charge in the county once in three weeks, preaching in the log school-house, sixteen feet square, which was usually well filled. He spent two years on this circuit, begin- ning with the autumn of 1856. Assoonas the court-house was built, in 1859, that ^^^s made the place of worsliip. Rev. C. E. Spooner was here from 1858 to i860. Revs. B. Shinn, Jerr}' Hughes and Oliver Will- iams filled up the ne.xt two years. Then came, in succession, Rev. George Bennett, one year ; Dr. U. P. GoUiday and Rev. Collins, one year ; Rev. D. B. Clary, one year ; Rev. Baker, two years ; Revs. Cal- fee and C. A. B. Watson, one year ; Revs. E. M. King and Walker, one year, and Rev. Burris, one year. During Rev. Bur- ns' stay the church was commenced, 1870, and it was completed and dedicated during the pastorate of Rev. W. T. Smith, who re- mained two years. Rev. M. Miller was here from 1872 to 1874, and his time was finished by Rev. B. D. Himebaugh. In 1874 the parsonage was completed. It is now used as a residence by D. W. Cole. Rev. H. W. Deshler was here i874-'5 ; Rev. Hayes, i87S-'6; Rev. Bartholomew, 1876- '7; Dr. U. P. GoUiday, 1877-80; Rev. Jacob Miller, i88o-'i; Rev. Moore, 1S81- '2 ; Rev. Chambers, 1882-4 ; Rev. VoUmar, 1884-7. During Rev. Miller's stay here the present parsonage was built. The membership is now 200. Robert Williams is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has an average attendance of 130. United Presbyterian Church. — The church of this denomination was built in 1870. It is a frame structure, in the northeastern part of the town, and cost in all $3,500. The membership at this time was about forty. Meetings had been held for several years in the court-house. Rev. William Brown served the church five years; Rev. B. F. Mustard, three 3'ears, and Rev. J. H. Tedford, seven years. No services have been held since July, 1885. The member- ship is about ninet3\ The trustees are : M. R. McClanahan, P. A. Hunter, W. J. Buck, D. E. Lawhead and Thomas Liggett. The ciders are: W. J. Buck, William Max- well and Thomas Liggett. George A. Slentz is superintendent of the Sunday- school, whose attendance is about sixty. Presbyterian Church. — In 1867 Rev. S. A. McElhiney, of Bedford, was directed by the Presbytery to come monthl}' to this place. He soon after organized the Mt. Ayr Church, with twelve members. In 1873 a frame house of worship was erected at a cost of $3,6oo, including furnishings, one block east of the public square. The mem- bership had by this time reached forty, and it is now not less than fifty. Services are held every Sunday by Rev. G. P. Wood, who commenced his work here in June, 1884. The attendance at Sunday-school, of which the pastor is superintendent, is about seventy-five. The elders of the church are: William Tennant, John G. Paris, John Blauer and William Snedaker. The Baptist Church was organized in 1 87 1, by Rev. C. Tilbury, of Illinois. He remained two or three years, during which time, in 1872, the church was built, two blocks northwest of the court-house, at an expenditure of $2,200. Since Mr. Tilbur3''s time the pastors have been : Revs. Morris, Funk, Edwards and Peter Andrews, who began here in 1879. The membership is about fift}'. The pastor is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has an attend- ance of forty. The deacons arc : William Timby and Noah Brock. Mrs. R. C. Henry acts as clerk. Christian Church. — This society was or- ganized in 1 88 1, by Rev. William Gadd, of Ottumwa, who remained until 1S84. In 1883 the house of worship was built, one block east of the northeast corner of the public square, at a cost, including lot and furnishings, of $2,700. Rev. J. P. 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Radcliffe is superintendent of the Sun- day-school, which has an attendance of about fifty. The Episcopalians had a mission here, which is no longer actiye, and the Catho- lics are accumulating funds preparatory to building. SECRET SOCIETIES. Mt. Ayr is well supplied with branches of the several secret orders. Faith Lodge, No. 179, A. F. & A. M., meets Friday evening on or before each full moon. Salem Chapter, No. 75, R. A. J/., meets Friday evening after each full moon. Mount Ayr Lodge, No. 169, /. O. O. F., meets every Saturday evening. Delta Fncampment, No. 69, meets the sec- ond and fourth Wednesday evenings of each month. Mount Ayr Lodge, No. 91, /. O. G. T., meets the first and third Monday evenings of each month. Fidelity Lodge, No. 26, Daughters of Re- bekalt, meets the first and third Wednesday evenings of each month. Theta Lodge, No. iZ<), A. O. U. W., meets the first and third Monday evenings of each month. Subordinate Lodge, No. 20, A. //. T. A., meets at the court-house, the Saturday evening on, or before each full moon. F.llis C. Miller Post, No. 96, G. A. A'., meets the second and fourth Tuesday evenings of each month. There are also organizations of the Sons of Veterans, and Woman's Relief Corps. BANKS. The first bank in Mt. Ayr, was that of Dunning, Sellards & Co., established in 1869. In 1874 the firm became Dunning & Co., and in 1878 they purchased the Ringgold County Bank, which name they adopted. This had been established in 1872, by Merrill, Kinsell & Co. The Ring- gold County Bank was bought afterward by Dr. J. T. Merrill, who conducted it till January, 1885, at which date it went out of business. Morris & Allyn began business in 1880, and the firm became Allyn Brothers, May I, 1886. This is known as the Mt. Ayr Bank. Its capital is $50,000. George S. Allyn is Cashier, and John H. Allyn, Assistant Cashier. The Citizens' Bank was established in 1880, with C. B. Dunning as Cashier, and Day Dunning as President. The former died in the course ol a few months, and Day Dunning has since been sole proprie- tor. PROFESSIONAL. The following firms are attorneys, most of them being also loan agents and real estate dealers: Henry «S: Spence, R. F. Askren, G. W. Carnes, Brockett & Bevis, J. E. Scott. Isaac W. Keller, J. F. Mount, F. F. Leathers, Ezra C. McMasters and Laughlin and Campbell. The physicians arc Drs. S. Bailey, C. B. White and William Home; dentists, E. Stiles and D. II. Killingsworth. BUSINESS DIRECTORV. Following arc the business firms of Mt. Ayr, in the autumn of 1886: Allyn Brothers. Mt. Ayr Bank ; W. S. Berkey, books and news; Melvin Bennett, bakery ; William Been, meat market; H. Bastow, livery; Miss Minerva Cattern, millinery; C. J. Chance, grocery; >* >.* ;♦ >. :* ♦ > ♦, > ♦ > ♦ ;♦■». :♦;;♦: I*.*. >:♦: •••■♦ : ♦: :♦:« ♦ ♦• '■ ♦: t** !«.;•: !♦♦; »«• ;♦♦: ;♦•« :♦♦: :♦:♦: :♦;;♦; J< j< ^:J: 454 HIS TOR r OF RINGGOLD COUNTY. :♦!:♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: N^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *;♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: ?;■♦; »>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦;.*: »:;••! ?«* .«>:♦: ;♦"♦; W-, :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ^* . :♦::♦: ■ :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:>; ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: *:;•♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: , »::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦;:•; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦: 'if.'Sf. :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::«: ;♦;:♦: »:>: :♦;:♦; :♦;■»; .♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: 5^* W- >::♦: W-' **i . :♦>:♦■ A. F. Collins, restaurant ; Cole & Pratt, lumber ; Rufus Conkling, livery ; Clark & Shepherd, harness ; Crawford & Wall, blacksmiths ; John Currie, Mt. Ayr House ; Critchfield & Fry, agricultural implements ; Ira Day, livery ; Dowling & Freshwater, blacksmiths ; Doze, Peter & Co., agricult- ural implements; W. A. De Lashmutt, grocery ; Disbrow & Moore, shoe shop ; Day Dunning, Citizens' Bank ; Francis Ellis, Ellis House and livery; J. C. Paris, restaurant ; J. W. Gray, blacksmith ; Gill- iland, Diebert & Co., agricultural imple- ments; E. B. Hay ward, lumber; C. L. Harper, photographer ; Huggins, Saville & Co., dry-goods and millinery ; John Home, drugs; Harper, Bed well & Co., hardware; A. Ingram & Sons, general store ; Ingram & Todd, grocery ; Imus & Woodmansee, barbers ; H. V. Johnson, sewing machines ; Z. T. KinscU, hardware ; D. C. Kinsell & Co., dry-goods ; Thomas Liggett, grocer)' ; John Lineberg, boots and shoes, and American Express; J. H. Lester, boots and shoes; Mt. Ayr Furni- ture Co., furniture ; M. G. Maxwell, pho- tographer; Mrs. J. T. Merrill, millinery; J. T. Merrill, drugs ; Fred. Offenhauser, grocery ; J. W. O'Neal, barber ; Rogers & Rush, furniture ; W. A. Reger, book store; J. H. Richardson, jewelry, sewing ma- chines and musical instruments ; Anna Schultz, dressmaking; George A. Slentz, dry -goods ; George R. Stephens, Ring- gold County Record; C. W. Schoch, meat market ; J. S. Shepherd, Mount Ayr Jour- nal; William Tovvle, boots and shoes ; J. L. Thompson & Co., harness ; B. W. Vard- aman, jeweler; I. N. Watson, carpenter; Adam Warner, undertaker ; H. H. Wil- son, grocer)' ; G. W. Watson, watch and gun repairer; Williams & Tedford, Ring- gold County Republican; W^all Brothers, grocery. ♦ ♦..♦. ♦.♦..♦>:*jt.»„t.*.**..«..vt.t.*..*.*.«'*.c*;>..»;.»..».*;C'»>;,'»;.*.*.'»;* •••«•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦.♦ >::♦: :<•;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: Wi A>; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; »::« ;♦;■* »!*< :♦:♦: :♦::♦: -♦i ;♦::♦; Wi ;«!;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::<•'> :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦:':»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦) *?? :♦:% :♦"♦] >"♦: •••:♦: >::♦: :«>:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: >::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦; !♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦} :♦::♦: :♦::♦} :<»::«^ :♦::«>; :♦;;♦; :♦::•« :♦:>: :>:»^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«:>: :«::♦: :♦;;« :♦::♦; »:>::♦:;♦: :♦::♦>::♦: :♦:>: ;»:;'•: »:»; ;♦::♦: :♦::« »::♦: »:♦: :*>: .<»::«; :«::♦: »:>: :♦:>: :♦::«: >::«': :«;♦: :«:>: :♦:;♦: :•::♦: :♦::«: v.w. »::♦: ':*;:«; ;♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :*::♦: v.v. :*♦: v.*. :♦•'♦: !»°'«': :«:♦: :♦!*■ :♦:•■: :«:♦: :♦;:•; :♦)•; >:>: :♦:♦: !«•:♦: >■;•; :♦:♦; »: ;♦::♦: ;♦::*: ;♦::*: :♦::« :♦::♦: m .♦;:«: :♦::♦: >'>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :*::♦: :♦:;♦: !♦:>; :♦::♦: !♦;:♦: .*:>: :«:♦: :♦;•♦: :♦::♦: >"•! ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :«'°:«': :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :«::«: :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: i^* .♦;:♦; :«"♦: !♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :«♦: i^* JJ •»::•: ;♦:♦: >:>; ;♦■♦; >.*■ '♦■■♦,«• yjLLAGMS. 4S6 - ,J^- ^-^-„^», _ ac!t^^Hg?r'r'r'M^ ?::HH r'i^Hr'r'r^ Hg ?V?r'Hr'r'i-'Fn'?r'TE £Ha2^;HS: i^^ VILI.AGKS # ?'t<^;1<<^j'?«^,r ^^^l^^^^'f^lJ' m., * N Ringgold County, besides Mt. Ayr, tliere are several smaller towns, which form convenient mar- kets and shipping points. The largest of these is KELLERTON. In 1879, when the Leon & Soiitluvestern Railroad was built from Bethany Junction to Mt. Ayr, some of the leading capitalists interested in the road formed a company, and laid out the village which they named Kellerton, in honor of Judge Isaac W. Keller, of Mt. Ayr. The company bought eighty acres of Samuel Fetrow, and 160 of John Fetrow, on section 10, Athens Township, and laid off seventy acres in lots. The site is well chosen, on high, but level ground, commanding a view on clear days of both Mt. Ayr and Leon. A fine agricultural district surrounds Kellerton. F. S. Rhodes built the first store, in 1880, and immediately afterward Captain Thomas E. Scott built a dwelling, A. H. Teale a store and dwelling, Richard Emer- son and John Hammond, a store and dwelling, W. P. Johnson, a store and ♦' '♦: ;♦' *' >! :♦ * »: >■ '♦; *' >■ :* ♦' ♦' :♦ •• dwelling, Hugh White, a hotel, and David Stafford, a drug store. Others rapidly fol- lowed, and by the end of the first season there were not less than thirty houses. The census of 1880 gave the place 169 in- habitants. Since then the growth of Kel- lerton has been more moderate. In 1885 there were 261 inhabitants, and in 1886 there are about 300. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. The firms doing business at Kellerton in October, 1886, are : H. Gcrber, general merchandise; Camp & Brother, druggists and physicians; James F. Mason, general merchandise ; W. W. Pcasley, Kellerton Bank ; A. H. Teale, general merchandise; M. Haught, general merchandise ; Richard Emerson, general merchandise; Frank Smith, post- master; Scott & Co., elevator; S. Ockerman, station agent ; David Aldridge, lumber and coal; Henry Shott, lumber and coal; Richard Emerson, agricultural imple- ments; R. L. Brown, barber; William Ballard, barber; Martin Enochs, livery; Thomas E. Scott, justice of the peace. TAPERS. Two papers have been published here at different times. The Mentor was started in It:: ;*i>; ;♦>! :«■>: >,>; >;^ :•!>: :♦.:* »: >':♦; :♦:>; :♦'>; >,>; >.;♦: ;«;>; »: .«>: >>: :♦,>: '^■. :«:♦; >::«! »>: >.>: >.:«: :♦;;♦; ;♦:.♦; ■♦(•♦• >.;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;*; ;♦;>: :*♦; ;♦;>; :♦..♦; :♦;:«> :♦;:♦: »,;♦; >:>; >:» :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦.:«: :«'>: :*:>: ;♦:>: :♦>: :♦..♦; :♦:♦; m m. :♦;:«': :♦.♦; ;♦.;♦; :♦:>: :♦.;«! ;♦:;♦; ;♦.:♦: i*:m :*.>; »::♦; ;«::•: :♦:>: :«::«: *:•: ,♦:♦: :♦:«; »:* :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;;« :♦:♦! :♦.:♦! »::«: :•:»: ;♦♦; :♦>: :♦.:•: :♦» .♦..♦: :♦::♦; ♦ ♦ ♦ •i »,♦■>■■♦'.♦♦• ♦ ' »:**■»■♦.♦.♦.♦ > 4oG HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. ,<■; ♦. :♦;>; >;:♦; :■»:*: 1 88 1, by Kendall Brothers, who sold to George R. Stephens, of the Ringgold County Record, in 1882. It was published another )'ear, by him, and then suspended. It was a Republican paper, six-column folio in size. The Independent soon started up, in 1883, under the management of B. W. and F. W. Richards, who came here from Lu- cas. The paper was independent in poli- tics, four pages in size, and lived nearly two years, then going the way of its pred- ecessor. PROFESSIONAL. The only attorney here is W. K. Brown, who has been a resident of this neighbor- hood for seventeen years. He read law at Leon, and began practice at Kellerton, in 1880. The first physician here was L. P. Thayer, who came in 1880, remained three years, and is now in Davis County. Dr. Jewett was here one year, and is now in Missouri. A. and M. Camp, brothers, have been here and in practice since 1880. R. Tripp was here several 3-ears and is now in Jasper County, this State. W. L. Gleason came in 1884, and has been in practice smce. POSTMASTERS. The postoffice of Kellerton was estab- lished soon after the location of the village, and F. A. Brown was appointed the first postmaster. Succeeding him the incumbents have been: J. VV. Kendall, C. W. Prindle, E. M. Carpenter and Frank Smith. CHURCHES. The Methodist Church, in the southeast corner of the village is not yet completed. It was begun in 1885, is 36x42 in size, and will cost $1,200. Services have been held by this denomination since 1879, by Revs. W. W. Danner, two years; Johnson, one vear ; Throckmorton, one )fear ; Main, one j'ear; Faucet, two years, and Willey. The last named commenced his labors here in September, 1886. Services are held every three weeks. The membership is about thirty. H. J. Shott is superintendent of the Sunday-school. The Catholic Church was built in 1883. It is situated in the southwest corner of the village, and cost $600. Services are held monthly by Father Williams, of Mt. Ayr. Preceding him was Father Fealey, who built the church. About fifteen Catholic families worship here. The Christian Church, in the northwest part of the town, was built in 1884, at a cost of §1,500, and is 36 x 40 feet in size- The membership is not far from fifty. Serv- ices are held every Sunday, by Rev. Wilkerson. Preceding him, irregular serv- ices onl}' had been held, b}' Revs. Lemon, of Leon, and White, of Mt. Ayr. G. M. Lesan is superintendent of the Sunday- school, which has an average attendance of sixt)'. SCHOOL. The school-house was built in the au- tumn of 1880. at a cost of $1,300. It is a two-stnrv frame building. Two teachers are employed, usually for nine months. C. S. Palmer and G. M. Lesan are the present teachers. The School Board includes D. N. Aldridge, President, J. F. Mason and C. L. Goss. C. S. Palmer is Secretary, and M. Haught, Treasurer. SECRET SOCIETIES. Topac Lodge, N'o. 438, A. F. & A. M., was organized under dispensation, March i, 1882, with these members and officers : I. P. Wiley, Worshipful Master; W. K. Brown, Senior Warden ; E. W. McDonald, Junior Warden ; John Wiley, D. P. Math- ews, D. Stafford, A. M. Jackson, F. C. Smith, H. J. Shotts, John Litterell and A. Camp. The charter was issued in June, 1884. The officers for 1886 are: E. W. Mc- :♦;»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; '^:)>>. :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :•♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :*:♦; :♦::«■: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; •♦•::♦: .^"♦: :•»"♦: :♦:;«: :■»:>: *"♦; :♦;•»; :♦"♦: :•»:>: :■»::♦: .*:* .*::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;•♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•«•;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: 'fi.'fi. £»::«: >::»: >::♦: »"'»: *:;♦; »::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::«': >;;♦: ;♦::♦: v:if. '*;:♦: .*:.*: >::♦: >::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦• :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;.*: >::♦; :♦::«•: !♦::♦: :♦::♦; »:♦: :•♦:;•♦; ;*;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;•»;:♦; ;■♦;;♦: >i* !»::♦: >"«• ;«:*; ;♦'.>; ;<■;♦; ;♦:>; :♦:>; ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦" >;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦♦; >:■»: :♦:.♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :<■'>■ ♦ ♦! >>; ;♦;♦; >:>: >>: *-^ :•::♦: *^ :♦;:« ■»::«c :♦::« :♦.:♦; ;♦:>; >■>; :♦:♦: ♦ ♦: >:*: :♦!'♦; ♦ ♦; *.♦; >::♦: :•::«! :«::« :♦;:♦; >.;♦; ;♦:>; :♦:*" :♦:;♦: :♦:♦! »: >;♦; :♦;* >;;♦: >:>; ;♦::♦; ;♦;;* :♦::«! :♦::'»: :♦::•! :♦::*• ;♦;:♦: .♦••i ;♦;;* >::•« :♦;* ;♦;:« :♦;:* :♦::« :♦:>: :♦:>: >;♦; .♦.:♦: ;♦.;♦; »; 'MM :♦:;♦; ;«;* ♦::♦; :♦::♦; >.;^ MM MM >.:♦; MM MM M.M. MM MM MM >::♦: MM MM MM :«:♦: MM MM MM MM MM M.M MM M.M MM •♦■»■ VILLAGEH. ■Vu Donald, Worshipful Master; A. Camp, I Senior Warden; F. C. Smith, Junior War- den ; W. K. Brown, Secretary ; A. M. I Jackson, Treasurer. The membcrsliip is \ twenty-five. Meetings arc held Wedncs- I day, on or before each full moon. Kdlerton Lodge, No. 425. /. O. O. F., was organized May 27, 1881. The present offi- 1 cers arc: M. Camp, Noble Grand; M. j Haught, Vice-Grand; J. J. Barker, Past | Grand ; J. F. Mason, Recording Secretary; j William King, Treasurer. There are now but thirteen members. Meetings are held every Thursday evening. Kcllcrion Lodge, No. 90, /. O. G. 71, was organized early in 1885, with over sixty members. There are now not as many. The officers at present writing are : George M. Lesan, Lodge Deputy ; D. N. Aldridge, Chief Tem plar ; Mrs. N. J. Lillie, V ice-Tem- plar ; Captain Thomas E. Scott, Chaplain ; Eli Ham, Fast Chief Templar; Sherman Aldridge, Financial Secretary ; Mrs. Mary Reynolds, Secretary ; George M. Lesan, Assistant Secretary; George Smith, Inside Guard ; Ed. Harris, Outside Guard. OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. The Kellerton Band of Hope was organ- ized in the spring of 18S6, and now includes forty-six little ones. The Kellerton Brass Band was organized August I, 1885. The membership includes fourteen pieces: 'B. F. Briley, leader and E-fiat cornet ; Fred Buck, E-Hat cornet ; J. F. Mason, first B flat ; W. W. Peaslcy, second B-fiat; James Brauhart, solo alto; G. M. Lesan, first alto; John F. Scott, second alto; F. C. Higgins, first tenor; Eddie Scott, second tenor ; R. Plant, bari- tone ; R. L. Brown, B-flat bass; A. H. Tealc, tuba; B. Harriman, snare drum; H. J. Shotts, bass drum. INCORPORATION. Kellerton was incorporated in January, 1882. The officers chosen to serve from January until March were : Mayor, Thomas E. Scott; Recorder, W. K. Brown; Coun- cil, A. H. Teale, F. S. Rhodes, A. L. Mar- tin, D. C. Johnson and C. W. Prindle; Treasurer. A. H. Teale. The officers chosen in March of each year since have been: 1882. — Mayor, F. A. Brown; Recorder, Thomas Struthcrs; Treasurer, A. H. Teale; Council, A. H. Teale, A. L. Martin, C. W. Prindle, Isaac Hughes, J. F. Mason and W. K. Brown. 1883. — Mayor, J. A. Stone ; Recorder, J. L. Hughes ; Treasurer, A. H. Teale ; Coun- cil, J. F. Mason, A. H. Teale, C. W. Prindle, A. L. Martin and Isaac Hughes. 1884. — Mayor, J. A. Stone; Recorder, George M. Lesan ; Treasurer, A. H. Teale ; Council, J. L. Hughes, Isaac Hughes, J. L. Scott, A. H. Teale, J. F. Mason and C. W. Prindle. 1885. — Mayor, W. W. Peasley ; Recorder, C. S. Palmer ; Treasurer, A. H. Teale ; Council, G. M. Lesan, James P. Brauhart, J. F. Scott, J. F. Mason, A. H. Teale and Isaac Hughes. 1886.— Mayor, W. W. Peasley ; Recorder, C. S. Palmer; Treasurer, A. H. Teale; Council, G. W. Hampton, M. Haught, G. M. Lesan, J. P. Brauhart, Isaac Hughes and J. F. Scott. TIN(.;i,EV. The postoffice of Tingley was established a number of years ago, five miles northeast of the present village. In 1881 a town company laid out the village of Tingley, on section 21, Tingley Township, on the line of the Humcston & Shenandoah Rail- road, which was then building. Cars com- menced to run in the spring of 1882, but the autumn previous quite a village had sprung up. The town company bought 200 acres of laud of Avenill Brothers, F. W. Harding and George Swain. Mr. Swain built the first store and sold the first goods in the place. Next were I lowland & Mc- .♦.V. :♦:♦' ♦ 4- >..V ». :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >:>; m:m. MM MM !♦>: :♦:* MM »: »: »; :♦;:♦: MM »: »: 'm:m :♦:»: ». »;»; :♦::♦: 'MM »>: MuM :<♦: MM :♦"♦: »: MM 'MM »: re* »: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; ». MM :♦::« :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦ :♦;♦; M'M :♦!»: MTM :♦>; :♦::•': :♦>: ;♦>; ;*:♦; :♦;:♦: »:♦, MX ;«>. :♦::♦: MM MM MM MM. *>; M.M. 'MM MTM »r« :♦;:•': MM. MM MM :♦"♦: >:♦ :••>:♦:♦; :«::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: »:;♦: ;♦:>: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦:'♦: , :♦:;♦: ' :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:!»: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: , :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"« :♦"♦: %:♦: :♦:»: :♦:<«': :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :•»:;♦: :♦;:■♦• :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :•»::* . :♦::♦: ;♦:!»: , »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: ;«:♦: :«.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦::« ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; k:« :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦"♦: >♦■;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■ :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:>: • :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::«': :♦::♦: :♦:>: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ' :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::•»: :♦:;♦: '^•"♦; :♦::«; :♦;;♦: ;♦!»' :*::*s:*;*:*:*»"*"*:»"c>"«r**"*.*::*.s:*:*:4i;**/<»;.*:*»:* 458 HISTORY OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. Creight. Other early comers were : John Haver &. Co., general store ; Parrish & Taylor, hardware; John Kelly, grocery; V. D. Colles, drugs; J. I. Berry, livery and feed stable ; J. R. and \V. L. Embree, lum- ber ; Alexander Beard & Son, lumber; R. E. Burke, contractor and builder ; Levi Coon, blacksmith ; C. C. Bosworth, coal ; and John Rowell, harness. By the close of 1882 there were nearly 200 inhabitants. Since then the growth has been slow. The State census of 1885 credited the place with 211 inhabitants. Tingley was incorporated in 1885, and now claims 250 people. It is in a fine agricultural region, from which it draws a profitable trade. The Tingley Times was started by J. Get- tinger, in 1882. He sold to L. O. Mcl-Cinley, and he to Ray Brothers. It the mean- time the name was changed to the Nezvs. Then one Noah became owner, and moved the office to Wirt. Tingley was then without a paper until July, 1885, wlien the Battle Axe was begun, by E. B. Garretson, of Lenox. This warlike paper suspended in December following. J. J. Clark, of Grav- ity, published the Tingle)' Independent for six months, in 1886, and then went the way of his predecessors. The Independent was a six-column paper, $1.50 per year, and was a valuable factor in the business of the place. J. E. Ray, one of the proprietors of the Netvs, was an attorney. He practiced a year or more, and then went to Western Iowa. L. O. McKinley has been here four years, and practices in justices' courts. The first physician here was L. E. St. John, who staid two years and then went West. James Nichols and R. W. Selby are the present physicians of Tingley. The first postmaster was George Swain. Mrs. S. E. Pease was then the incumbent until her death, in the summer of 1886, when John Haver was appointed. Maggie Pol- lock is in charge of the office, as deputy. ♦:;♦"«•:♦:>::♦::■»::♦::♦■.* Tingley has a fine two-story frame school- house, built in 1885, at a cost of $3,000. It contains two school-rooms below, the upper story being used for religious meet- ings by the United Presbyterians. Nine months school is taught. The teachers for 1886-7 are Gertrude Miller and Mary Gray. The attendance is about seventy. The School Board includes J. Haver, Pres- ident ; J. J. McCreight and Jacob Frane. James Nichols is Secretary, and A. T. Han- cock, Treasurer. CHURCHES. The Christian Church has been organized about ten )'ears ; meetings were held in the Tingle)' Center school-house until 1882, when they built a church in the northeast part of town. Rev. E. W. Miller preaches every two weeks. W. C. Smith is super- intendent of the Sunday-school. The Methodists have likewise been organ- ized about ten years, and met in the Tingley Center school-house until 1885, when they built a house of worship in the north part of the village. Their membership is now sixty. Services are held every Sunday by Rev. George Nixon, of Afton. A union Sunday-school is maintained, attended by about seventy pupils. The Baptists organized two years ago, and hold services every four weeks in the Christian church. Rev. Andrews, of Mt. Ayr, officiating. The United Presbyterians hold services every two weeks in the school-house. They have been organized two years, and have forty members. Rev. William Brown, of Eugene, is the present pastor. William Laughery is superintendent of the Sunday- school, which about seventy attend. SOCIETIES. Ben Talbot Post, No. 286, G. A. R., was organized in 1883. Andrew Stephenson is Commander ; James Pollock, Adjutant ; • ;♦ .♦ :♦: ;♦: .♦' ;♦. ;♦: :♦; :♦' >: ♦: ;♦: ;♦: * ♦ * ,♦. >. .♦ .♦: .♦. .♦, .♦. .♦: .♦, .♦. ;♦: :♦: .♦: .♦. .♦ >.:*>::♦: :♦::♦' >::« :♦::♦: :♦:;«: :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: w.v. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .*;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; *^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»; ;♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;■* >:>: '^:^. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦> :♦::■* :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:»: Wff. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«£ ;♦;»; »: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '>::♦: '^^■. :♦.:♦: :c*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.«>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; . :♦;;♦: %:♦: :♦;;»: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :«::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: !»>: :«:;♦: !»::♦: >;;« :♦::♦: :«::«: :«::«> :♦::♦: :♦::♦: - ♦: :♦ * ♦ ♦ VILLAGES. 459 ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. ♦'♦■ *t ■* :♦:♦: :♦'■•»: *■♦: '■*.*. :♦;♦: .-I * >:♦: :♦;:♦; •»:■•: :♦:;♦: :♦;*; :♦:;♦: :♦'♦: :♦:>: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: »! ;♦:■»: ;♦'.*! :♦:;♦: :♦:'* >■* *•»; :♦:■»: >:♦■ ♦ ♦: ♦ * :♦;:♦: i^* !♦;!♦: :♦: ♦: < ♦ ♦ •■ > o ♦ ♦ :*.♦: >::♦: •♦:.♦: :♦:'♦: '^. ■»:*'. :♦:;»: '*f.'*'. ■»;*: :♦;♦; > ■^ ♦ ♦ Alonzo Goodell, Senior Vice-Commander ; Frank McGugin, Junior Vicc-Coramandcr. The post has a membership of forty, and meets the second and last Saturdays of each month. Tempest Lodge, No. \6ji„ K. of P., was organ- ized in June, 1886. George Hale is P. C; Ren. Stewart. C. C; E. N. DeWitt, V. C; O. C. House, K. of R. & S.; Wal. Stewart, Prel.; Henry Garside, M. at A.; John Kel- ly, M. of F.; Richard Metters, M. of E.; J. J. Truman, I. G.; Lou Stewart, O. G. The lodge has fifteen members, and meets every Thursday evening. Lodge No. 72, A. H. T. A., has twcnty-si.v membcrs, and meets the first Saturday of each month, at Tingley. George Swain is President ; J. S. Avenill, Vice-President ; J. S. Williams, Secretary ; Andrew Stephen- son, Financial Secretary ; Jacob Frane, Treasurer. The business firms of October, 1886, are: George Swain, J. Haver & Co., Jones & Wilcox and T. A. Fisher, general mer- chandise ; J. M. Dunbar, clothing; J. R. Stewart, jewelry ; Taylor & Swain and Garside & Son, hardware ; R. W. Selby & Co. and T. P. Asbury, drugs ; House & Carney, farm implements ; E. N. DeWitt and Peter Smith, livery ; Charles Carmichael, meat market; E. M. Stevens, restaurant; Mrs. Sadie Johnson, millinery ; D. B. Alley and McClaskey & Wines, barbers; John Wines, shoe shop ; John Rowell, harness ; A. A. Elder, furniture ; Willis Karr, Pacific Hotel ; Estell & Metters, contractors and builders; Levi Coon, blacksmith; C. H. Ennis, lumber; George Hale, station agent; J. J. McCreight, grain buyer; Levi How- land & Co., poultry buyers ; E. C. Edging- ton, sewing machines ; Mrs. E. C. Edging- ton, dressmaker. REDDING. Kedding, in Clinton Township, is twelve miles from Mt. Ayr, on the Grant City Branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. It was laid out in 1880, by a town company composed of railroad capitalists. J. W. Crouch built the first house, which is now the Redding Hotel. Immediately after, and all about the same time, Wilson & Conine built a store, W. C. Wilson a dwelling, N. B. Allen a restaurant, Watson a store, Al. Silvers a store, George Dennis a blacksmith shop, and Oliver Wool- man a wagon shop. The village obtained most of its growth the first year. By 1882 the population was 300, and the village was incorporated. The officers for 1886 are: Mayor, L. P. Milburn ; Council, W. E. Lawhead, Loren Gee, Thomas Demcy, F. M. Wisdom, Milton Sullivan and Joseph AUbee ; Recorder, J. M. Baird ; Attorney, F. M. Wisdom; Marshal, J. M. Baird; Treasurer, J. T. Bernard. In 1884 the vil- lage met with two serious reverses, in the shape of fires. The first, in April, de- stroyed five buildings at the northwest cor- ner of the square. July 5, following, the whole north side was swept away, includ- ing William Anthony's general store, P. B. France's general store, B. J. Conine's hotel, Samuel Warden's dwelling, C. S- Pugsley's general store, G. M. Smith's grocery and hardware store and D. W. Poor's grocery. The business portion of the village has been partially rebuilt, but the population is less than formerly. The State census of 1885 gave it 210; they claim 250 now. The business firms of 1886 are: P. B. France, J. M. Smith, D. M. Smith and Huggins, Savilic, Lawhead & Co., general stores ; J. T. Bernard, lumber and furniture; E. Russell, drugs ; Dennis & Castillo, black- smiths; P. Moler, grocery ; George Hunts- man, livery ; D. Martin, Union Hotel ; Joseph Shaw, Redding Hotel ; W. T. Smith, livery ; J. W. Crouch, postmaster; Henry H. Rokcs, harness; M. T. Falkner, station agent. Two papers have been published atRed- ■. *: :♦;.♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:;* :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: .♦.♦ 83 m :♦:;« :♦:;♦; V* vv ♦>: (Tij! m m ■ ♦.,♦,♦..♦..•..♦ • :*: :«■::♦; --:♦: :♦::♦: *;♦: ;•>;;♦: '•»::♦: •«•;:•« >»:>: :*;■»: :<•:<>: :♦::♦: »;.<>: ;♦;:♦: .*::♦: ■»•::♦; :♦::«•; :-»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :«::*; ?»:'♦; :■»::<•: :'^;>: >::♦: :■»::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; *:*: ;•»:;♦: :*::♦: :«■;:♦: :«■;:♦; ;♦:;♦: :»:»•: .♦:>: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :■♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦"♦; :*::♦: •♦:;♦: »:.♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: •»;.♦; >;;♦: :<•:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >:>: ;♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :*■:•♦; :«::♦: !♦;>; >::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; 'p'. <<■; >.:♦; >;>; .>:>; 460 HISTORT OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. ding. The Reporter was started in 1885, by F. M. Wisdom, and run for a few months. The Independent was started in December, 1885, by Burrell & Noble. The latter with- drew after a time, and again, later. Clay- burg Brothers became proprietors. The paper suspended in the summer of 1886. It was independent in politics, and pub- lished on Thursdays, at a $1.50 per year. The only lawyer who has lived and prac- ticed at Redding was George Spence, who was here two or three )'ears. He went to Dakota in 1884. The first physician here was Thomas Kenworthy, who lived near the village site when the latter was selected. He soon moved to Oregon. H. C. Dukes was here a year or so ago and then went to Clarke County. Dr. McLean was here one year and then went to Missouri. The present physicians are A. E. King, Thomas H. Humphrey and W. E. Lawhead. The Methodist church at this place was built in the spring of 1 884, at an expenditure of about $1,200. The society is an old one, and formerly worshiped in the school- house south of Redding. Services are held in this church nearly every Sunday, b)' one denomination or another. Rev. Withers preaches here for the Methodists, and Rev. Golding for the Missionary Baptists. D. W. Poor conducts the Sunday-school, the usual attendance of which is seventy-five. Thomas Huston Post, No. 51, G. A. R., was organized in March, 1883, with Will- iam Anthony as Commander ; A. Amick, as Adjutant ; L. W. Parsons, Officer of the Day and S. Oliver, Quartermaster. The officers for 1886 are: M. A. Waugh, Commander ; D. W. Poor, Senior Vice- I. T. Owens, Junior Vice- Rev. William Golding ; Amick, Adjutant; David Hillhouse, Officer of the Day ; J. T. Meda- ris. Quartermaster ; F. M. Oliver, Officer of the Guard ; J. P. Parker, Surgeon ; J. Commander ; Commander; Chaplain ; A. W. Athey, Quartermaster-Sergeant. The membership is now thirty. Meetings are held on Friday evening on or before each full moon. The Women's Christian Temperance Union and the Cold Water Army are the only other organizations that are active. A lodge of Good Templars was here, but is now defunct. GOSHEN. Goshen is situated a mile and three-quar- ters west of the west fork of the Grand, and two miles and three-quarters east of Platte River. It is twelve miles from Mt. Ayr, and is on the Humeston & Shenan- doah Railroad. The population is about 1 50. The name of " Goshen " was selected by Henry Stahl.who settled in Ringgold Coun- ty in 1856, and was from Goshen, Elkhart County, Indiana. The first postmaster was Michael Stahl, who served until 1881, keep- ing the office in his dwelling. In that year the railroad came through the northern part of the county, and a station was estab- lished in the southeast corner of Grant Township. To this station the name pre- viously in use for the country postoffice was now given. There are now two gen- eral stores, one hardware store, one lumber yard, postoffice, two blacksmith shops, one hotel and the Methodist church. J. T. Todd built the first general store, and was postmaster until 1883. B. F. Talley suc- ceeded him in this position, and held it until relieved by theDemocratic administra- tion, in the spring of i886. The hard- ware store was formerly kept by Hartman Brothers. The firm name is now Hartman & Bailey. D. D. Pratt and Pratt have the two general stores ; L. L. Bauman the lum- ber yard ; Miller Brothers buy grain, and G. W, Morrison is proprietor of the hotel. The church was built in 1882. The first preacher was J. E. Evans. First trustees: I. A. TuUey, D. E. Bement, A. M. Bentley and John Bently. :♦:>: :♦:•»: *::«■: :♦;•>: >^'*-; ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:«■: ■*•::♦: ;^;>; :♦;:•»: ■♦■:♦: »::»: »::♦: :♦::♦: :•»::«■: ;«■::♦: :•«■:>: ■»;:♦; :♦::*: >»•:>: :■»::♦: :<>;:«•: »:•♦; •»:;o; >;*>: :♦;.♦; ■»;:♦; ;♦::«; <»::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;«■: :♦::♦: :♦::•*: ;♦:*: :♦"♦: :<;«•: :■«•;:♦; ;♦:■»: !»::♦: :♦;■)►; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: •♦;:»: :*•:■»: :♦:;♦: :♦;>: ■♦::•»: :♦:;♦; :♦:,*; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: '*;;♦: :♦"♦; :♦:.♦: :♦:•♦; :*;■»; :♦:*: ;♦::♦' ;♦::♦: :«",!♦" :♦::*: ;♦::♦: [«;;♦: :♦":♦: :♦"♦" >::♦: !♦.»■ :«;:♦: !♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦:;»; :♦:;*: !•::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:*; !»::♦: !»::♦: !♦:>: >;:♦: !»;;♦: ■♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:■♦; :♦::♦: !♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦"♦; ;♦;!♦: ;♦;>; :<•;♦: I *•*"*"*»•■*'♦'•♦'♦';♦'♦'♦ '♦"♦' ;♦;.♦: ;♦:* :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; ;■♦:♦: :♦:.♦; :♦.;♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦:.♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦:* !»:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>■: *:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦; :*::♦: >::♦; :♦"♦: '*'*'. « *: ■♦.♦: :♦:.♦; ;•;♦: ••:♦: .*:■♦: :♦:♦: >:♦; •»:♦: :♦:.♦; !^* ;♦:.♦: »: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: ;♦>; :♦;;♦; :♦.;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: •»:;♦: :«:'«': :♦:*; :♦::♦•: :♦::♦: .♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■•::♦; >';♦: '*'-'«', :♦:.♦; :♦;.♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >■* :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ♦;:♦: »: :♦.♦: :♦:♦: ♦ ♦: »; :♦::♦: '*:♦: :♦!>; '.*','*■, '♦ ♦; :♦:♦; '♦;:♦: *♦: VILLAGES. 461 WIRT. Wlieii tlic Muinestoii & Slicnandoah Rail- road came througli the county Dr. John Davis and Abner Goodell desired a station. The railroad company at first refused, but yielded when Dr. Davis gave the company the right of way for about two miles. They agreed togive a switch for this. In March, 1882, Dr. Davis, at Dayton, Ohio, sold his interests to the company, and Mr. Goodell soon after did the same, on condition that the embryo village be given as full facilities as other stations. Goodell and Davis had platted twenty-eight acres north of the track. In 1884 a few lots were surveyed south of the track. Mr. Goodell acts as agent for the town company. Before the survey of the village, even, Cochran & Le Fever built a store and be- gan the sale of general mercandise. They were in business from July, 1881, to Janu- ary, 1882, and then failed. Hughey & Son bought the store. The second mercantile establishment was opened by David New- ton & Son, from Hopeville. The nearest postoffice was Union Hill, three miles northeast. William Cone was postmaster. The office was moved to Wirt, and the name of the latter adopted, and F. E. Newman appointed postmaster. The present incumbent, Mrs. Wisteria House, succeeded him, in January, 1885. A fine two-story frame school-house was finished in January, 1886, at a cost of about $2,000. Scliool is taught for nine months, and two teachers are employed. These are, for i886-'7, F. R. Porter and Louie Camp- bell. The enrollment of the school is about sixty. The present School Board is com- posed of W. H. Waller, President ; J. M. Hughey and James Baker. James Baker is Secretary, and Abner Goodell, Treasurer. The Wasp was a paper published by a man named Noah, for about six months. He sold to John Abrams,who changed the name to the News, The last proprietor was John Thrall, who ceased publication in 1884. The first physician here was named Lloyd. He remained a year or so and then went to Dakota. He was succeeded by J. P. Ma.\- well, who is yet in practice. Rev. F. S. Lock is both a minister and a physician. The Evangelical church of this place was organized some ten years ago, and met in various school-houses. In 1883 they built a good white frame house of worship at Wirt, at a cost of $1,600. Rev. Worth preaches every Sunday. Frank Newman is superintendent of the Sunday-school. Banner Lodge, No. 437, A. F.& A. M., was organized at Grand River, in 1882, and moved to Wirt in July, 1886. The present officers are : H. B. Brothers, Worshipful Master ; J. P. Maxwell, Senior Warden; J. W. Johnson, Junior Warden ; Henry Wal- ler, Secretary ; Henry Stanley, Treasurer. The lodge meets on Friday evening on or before each full moon. A lodge of the Anti-Horse Thief Associ- ation meets monthly, alternately at Wirt and at the Ozier school-house. Following are the business firms of 1886 : Hughey & Son, general store and creamery; A. M. Bruce is manager of the creamery; M. Buck & Son, hardware; Mrs. Wisteria House, postmistress ; F. E. Newman, gro- cery and notions; Oliver Scott, general store ; W. H. Waller, grocery and meat- market ; A. J. Hess, Ohio House; F. F. Houke, blacksmith; W. L. Embree, lum- ber; C. F. Cone, blacksmith; A. J. Hess, livery; C. A. Jackson, station agent ; Will- iam House, barber. BEACONSFIEI.D. This is a station on the Humestoii iV Shenandoah Railroad, and was laid out as a village by a town company in 1881. It has one store and postofiicc, blacksmith shop, grocery and United Brethren church. A- -A- -A- •*• -A- 'A- -A- 'A- 'A- -A-r 'A' 'JT^ A A' A" 'A* A" '£ "A A' 'A' A' A V '*''* W '*" '.» W V '♦ - .♦ ♦■: :♦♦. :♦:;♦; »:♦: :♦:»: !•::♦: :♦'* :♦:♦; :♦;♦: :♦♦' :*'♦: :♦♦: >:♦: !•:♦: ** >:♦: :♦:« :♦:♦; ■*■ ♦: > *■ V *■■ « *. > *'. :♦;.♦: '♦'♦: :♦:♦; >:♦: :♦:♦: '♦♦: :♦..♦: *'.*'. :•;♦: :♦♦: ;♦♦: !♦ >: !♦,♦: >♦: > * ♦ »: > v; > *: :♦ .>: :•"■♦•; > ♦: > ♦: :♦ ♦' ;♦:.♦: >'♦: !♦:♦: ♦ ♦' i* ♦. .♦. ,♦'. :♦>; >'♦: :« ♦" '♦ - .♦,.♦ :♦'♦: ♦ <■ ♦ < .<■ ♦: :♦.♦: !♦'♦: ♦ *' :♦♦: >:♦. .♦♦: ♦ •: !♦. ♦' ♦ ♦; > *'. ■ ■♦•:♦•>•■♦;•♦;•♦::♦::♦'■ ; ^;>;'» 4"■♦"v*■■i■■ >:>! ;♦:>; :♦;■»; :♦::♦: :♦::•»: >>: :♦:■«■ >::<; :♦:>: :♦!>: :♦::* ;♦'>■ >:•»: >:;♦; :♦::•• >>: ;«;«; :*■>: :< >■ :♦::♦; >»!+■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :••■:•»: :♦;:♦: :«■:;* :<■"«; :<■::>; ;*;:«; :♦:♦: >::♦: ;<■>: :«:'''•; '<. ->: :^ ♦: :*;:■>: :<-■> :♦:>: :*::♦: :*>; :*:;♦: :♦::<■: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :«;:♦: '♦::♦: ■«■;*: '■*^'^! >::♦: >:;♦; >.:♦: >::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: ;♦.;♦: >:;♦; :♦;:♦: >;;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦; :♦::♦: .*::♦; :«:♦; :♦;*: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >"♦: :♦>; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ■«■•♦• 462 HISTOR2' OF RINGGOLD COUNTT. DELPHOS. This little village is on the Grant City Branch, between Mt. Ayr and Redding, five miles from the latter and eight from the former. It was platted in 1880, by the rail- road compan}', and Frank Jordan was the first to locate here, putting up a residence and blacksmith shop. M. Rush was the first merchant. There are now three stores, kept by J. W. Bowman, M. Rush and M. Evans. I. M. Long has an elevator, M. Harrington a blacksmithy, T. Bolt a wagon shop, and D. Schlappie a hotel. Frank Leaton is postmaster, and |W. H. Palmer is station agent. The Baptists have a church here, erected in 1883, at a cost of $800. Services are held ever}' two weeks, by Rev. William Golding, of Red- ding. RINGGOLD CITY was laid out in 1855 by Sanford Harrow, who started a general store and did a very extensive business for a number of years. The credit system, however, caused his final failure. A postofiice was estabhshed here in 1858, which has been maintained since. There was a store here until four or five years ago, but now there is nothing in the way of business — only three or four farm houses. The site is on section 28, Lott's Creek Township. CALEDONIA. This village was also laid out in 1855, by Peter Walters, and a postoffice established soon after. Walters was postmaster until his death, some years later. There have usually been two stores here. They are now owned by Andrew Foster and G. S. Moore. There is also a harness shop and blacksmith shop. Caledonia is on section II, Lott's Creek Township. Some of the first settlers of Ringgold County located in this vicinity. LESAN. This is a station on the Grant City Branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- road, five miles east of Mt. Ayr. There is no side track here, and no village. There is a combined residence, store and post- office. Arthur Lesan sells merchandise here on commission for George A. Slentz, of Mt. Ayr. OTHER PLACES. Kew is a station and postoffice on the Humeston & Shenandoah Railroad. Wil- son Dunlap has the store and postoffice. There are two or three residences. Eugene is a postoffice northeast of Kew, and con- tains two residences. James Milligan has the store and postoffice. 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KELLOGG was born in Fayetteville, Onon- daga County, New York, March 9, 1828, a son of Pearl and Lucy M. (Northrup) Kellogg. His paternal grand- parents were both Kelloggs, being descend- ants of different branches of the family that settled in Massachusetts and Connect- icut. His grandfather removed to Oneida County, swimming the Mohawk I^iver with his team, when there was but one dwelling house in Utica, and that one logs. Pearl Kellogg served in of 1812. Hon. W. P. Kellogg, Congressman from Illinois, William M. Kel- logg, late Congressman from Massachu- setts, and Senator Kellogg from Louisiana, are all distantly related to Major Kellogg. Major Racine D. Kellogg, the subject of this sketch, received a good education, having attended the academy in his native village, Fayetteville, New York. When twenty-one years of age he went to Erie County, Ohio, where he spent four years in farming and teaching. In 1854 he crossed the Mississippi River and located at Garden Grove, Decatur County, Iowa, where he was for a short time engaged in the mercantile business, but has since been en- gaged in the real-estate business, being one 84 of the most extensive operators in this part of the State. He has improved many farms, and has had wild lands and coal lands in Decatur, Wayne, Polk and Greene counties, and in the first two counties mentioned he has built fifty-seven miles of fencing. In connection with others he has laid out the towns of Dallas Centre and Grand Junction. He was chairman of dif- ferent building committees under whose supervision the following public buildings in Garden Grove were erected : The pres- ent fine hiji;h-school building, the Presby- terian ciuircli, which is one of the neatest in the State, and the cheese factory. As we need not only spiritual nourishment, but also bread for our material well-being, he was instrumental in establishing industrial institutions, and in every movement for the improvement of the town he is one of the most prominent men. He was also chair- man of tiie railroad committee when the Leon Branch of the Chicago, Burlington :>: ;♦;:••• m :«::♦: *M ;♦"♦: >»♦; m >:>: >::♦: >;:♦: >.>; ;♦>: »; :♦;:♦; *:♦. :«::'•: >:>: :«:>: >-♦: :«!:♦: ;♦>; >::♦ !«::« :«::♦: :♦:;♦: »: :♦.:♦: :♦:>: »: :♦::•: !«•:♦; >;:♦; :<«: :«::*: :♦::«£ ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :•::»: :♦::« .<*::♦: :♦:« :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: !»::*: v.-.t. :♦.:♦: >::♦: >::*: :♦>: :♦:* :♦::« :«>.:♦: :♦;:♦; :^^ ■•r* :♦.:« >::•; :«.:♦: :•::♦: ;♦:« :♦;»• :♦.:* :«:♦: :«'« :♦::♦" :«:»: :«.:♦: :«:»: :«:;♦: :«:«: »::« ;«:♦: :♦;« :«':« .«:♦: :♦« »:»: !*':*: :♦'♦: :♦:♦: :•♦; ■ " ♦: > ♦ »:>;:«;>:;<>>:;*"«»:»::«:«»"*:*»::c*:»::c*:>>::*>::*:*:*::*:»:'«:*:*:^^^ »::♦; :♦!:♦ *^ :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦! :♦::« HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. :♦::•« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;« **i ♦:« :♦,:♦: »::« :♦::« :«:« :♦;:♦: »::♦: :♦::« [♦"'IS »::« :♦:;♦: »;;♦: :♦::♦: »::« :♦;:« :«:« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦:;« :♦::« »:;•« :♦::♦: »:.♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦;:« »>: »::« »::« :«::« :♦::« :♦::« »::« :♦::« :♦::« »:;« :♦:;« »;:-« ii »:;« :♦::« »;:« :«:« »:;« »n« »;:« :♦::« »^:« :♦::« :♦::♦::♦"♦: and was re-elected in 1862. In that year he was appointed on the staff of Governor Kirkwood, and accompanied him to the battle-field of Fort Donelson where the battle flag of the gallant Iowa Second was put into his hands to be brought back and placed in the archives of the State. At the opening of the regular session in 1862 Ma- jor Kellogg was elected speaker, pro tem. Prior to this, in 1861, he offered the follow- ing resolution, which was extensively copied and commented upon at the time : " Whereas, the President of the United States has appealed to all loyal citizens to facilitate the effort to maintain the honor, integrity, and the existence of the National Union, and suppress treason and rebellion against the Federal Government, therefore, be it resolved by the House of Represent- atives, the Senate concurring, that the faith, credit and resources of the State of Iowa, both in men and money, are hereby irrevocably pledged to any amount and to any extent which the Federal Government may demand to suppress treason, subdue rebellion, enforce the laws, protect the lives and property of loyal citizens, and maintain inviolate the Constitution and sovereignty of the Nation." In 1862 Hon. Racine D. Kellogg went into the army as Major of the Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry-, and before he had served a year was com- pelled to resign and leave the service on account of ill health. He was at the battle and surrender of Arkansas Post where the rebel General Churchill, together with his staff and other officers to the number of 150 officers and 1,500 privates, was placed in charge of Major Ivellogg and delivered by him to General Curtis at St Louis. Be- fore leaving iiome to join his regiment the Major sold 200 head of three-year-old steers for $6,000, and liberally and mag- nanimously expended this sum, with the exception of a few dollars, for the comfort and care of his soldiers. Upon his leaving the army the officers of the Thirty-fourth regiment held a meeting at Benton Bar- racks, St. Louis, April 20, 1863, and passed the following complimentary and well- merited resolutions : "Whereas, our worthy Major, R. D. Kellogg, has been compelled to resign his position in this regiment on account of ill health, therefore. Resolved, that we deplore the circumstances which render this step necessar}^ and in parting with Major Kellogg we bear cheerful testi- mony to his merit as an officer, and his uni- form kindness and urbanity as a gentle- man ; Resolved, that in his resignation the service loses a most valuable officer, and the members of his regiment a pleasant and genial companion ; Resolved, that in view of a just appreciation of the gallant military career as well as high social endowments of Major Kellogg, we do, without hesitancy, say that he has left the image of himself imprinted in the hearts of every member of the Thirty-fourth Iowa, and although compelled to retire from the service, our esteem, friendship and admiration for him is growing expansive and quenchless as time and human memory ; Resolved that the foregoing be published in the Iowa State Register, Leon Pioneer, Chariton Pa- triot, Indianola Register, and South Tier Democrat." A gentleman who has long been intimately acquainted with Major Kellogg states, th.it as a representative, as a busi- ness man, as a good citizen, as a brave sol- dier, and as one of the useful and tireless members of our State Assembly for sev- eral sessions, he is without a blemish. He never stoops to shield himself from respon- sibility and never shrinks from duty. In social and political circles his name is a synonym of power and honor. Every position of public trust in which he has been placed he has filled with credit to himself and honor to the people whom he represented. When the war broke out he was known as a war Democrat, but since .♦..♦..♦..♦:.»>>;>;>>::c*>>>;>:>;>:;*;:f>;>;>;>:>:>:;c*r*:«:cc*;:*;>;;*:>::c^^ M >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦;:••> :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: >::♦: >•:♦; :♦:>' :♦::♦: :«.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: !♦;:♦: >!:«': :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;:■♦! :«::♦: :♦::« :<••:♦: »::♦: :♦;'♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: Wi :■»::« ;♦:;♦: :♦:;« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦»♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: :«:« »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: »::« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: .«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦;;♦: *.♦; :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦;,♦: .♦:.♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:♦; :♦;.♦: :♦:>; :♦:>: »>; :*♦: :♦::♦: •»:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: '♦:♦: .«•>; :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦'♦: :♦:♦: ;♦ ♦: ;♦>: .♦'♦: :♦::♦: >!♦: :♦:♦: >:;♦: :♦;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: !♦:>: ;*• ♦' ;♦ ♦; :♦ ♦, '♦ ♦: '♦'♦; ♦» :♦;■♦; .♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ♦!♦: :♦:,♦: 'v»: ;♦:;♦: ;♦;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;*; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: * • ■♦::♦; >;♦: :•;♦: >:;*': :•:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: *♦) :♦:♦: ;♦:♦; ;♦.♦: ;♦>: :♦;:♦; ♦:♦; '♦:♦; BIOGRAPHICAL. SKETCHES. 471 the Democratic party, in national conven- tion assembled, declared the war a faihire he has been a Republican. His name has repeatedly been nienlioiicd as a suitable man to represent his district iu Congress, also once as auditor of the State, but he has not allowed his name to be used in political conventions. Major Kellogg is a member of the Presbyterian church, and a man of the highest Christian integrity. No- vember 2, I S64, he married Miss Elizabeth A. Burns, a daughter of Hon. John D. Burns of Garden Grove. Five children were born to them, two of whom are liv- ing — Alice and Flossie, who are at home with their parents. Major Kellogg was nominated as delegate by the State of Iowa, and ajipointed by President Hayes to be a commissioner under and by virtue of the act of Congress to for cele- brating the looth anniversary of the Treaty of Peace and the recognition of American Independence, by holding an exhibition of arts, manufactures, products of the soil and mines, in the city of New York, in 1883. Having given a biographical sketch of Hon. Racine D. Kellogg, it is but proper that a conspicuous place be given to Hon. (). N. Kellogg and C. L. Kellogg, his brothers, two noble scions of the same family who took such a prominent part in the founding of Decatur County, Iowa, and the building up of its prosperity. These sketches have been contributed by Ignace Hainer, an old citizen of Decatur County, Iowa. ^ marriat^i' partly in Ohio, partlv in Indiana, and from the latter State, in 1851, he removed in the good company of I liram Chase, William Davis and Enos Davis and their families to Garden Grove, before the Government of the United States had sur- veyed the public lands in this, Decatur County. O. N. Kellogg, himself a success- ful and most intelligent and judicious farm- er, judging well the possible resources, natural wealth, climate, and commercial location of Decatur County, soon acquired large tracts of land in this county, highly improving a part of them, and selling the remainder to his numerous friends from the older States, drawing a good class of citi- zens to Decatur County, and especially to his home in Garden Grove Township, which thus became and has ever since remained, the banner township in cult- ure, intelligence, refinement, wealth and morality for Decatur County. He and his excellent followers were not tardy in building forthwith churches and a public school, so well endowed and well supported that it afterward became a college from which issued the best elements of our fast- rising generation ; where, imbued with everlasting gratitude they gathered in- struction and laid the foundation of their luture welfare, for the glory of God, coun- try and home. O. N. Kellogg, a thorough- ly-instructed and learned gentleman, was also a steadfast friend and protector to the needy and oppressed, and as such he emi- nently proved hiinself to the then home- less Hungarian exiles who with him flocked to Decatur County, whom he generously and unselfishly assisted in founding new homes, and never tired of giving them the best advice in their new pioneer life. O. N. Kellogg was a most hospitable gentle- man, his house being always open for weary wayfarers as well as friends, as the follow- ing incident will show: In the pioneer days Judge Forrey and Attorney Hawlcy were going to Chariicii on business, and at .♦ ♦ :♦::♦; :♦ .♦: '♦ ♦: ;♦♦. :♦ »: ;♦::♦; :♦'♦: *♦' :♦.♦: :*;•: > ♦; > ♦: :♦ « > ♦ > >; :* ♦. :♦♦: :♦:♦; ■»'♦: >'•! '♦"♦' >:♦' :♦♦: y •,' ♦ ♦: :♦:♦: *♦: :♦:♦: '♦;♦: :♦■>: ♦:♦: :♦;♦; :♦>: :♦♦" ♦ ♦; :♦"♦: :♦..♦! >:>; ♦ ♦, > * ♦:♦. :♦:♦: ♦'♦; •> ♦: ♦'♦' .♦:»: :♦.♦; :♦■.,♦" ♦ ♦: > ♦' >♦: :♦'.♦: !♦»: > *! ■♦'.•: ♦.,♦! ♦ ♦. ;•:)>; :♦;.♦: :♦:♦: *'.♦; >■*; ♦ ♦: :♦ ♦ > *. ,♦ ♦, >.♦: 'f>'*'. !♦ ♦! '♦.♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦ ♦ ■■ HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. Garden Grove one of their horses gave out. Who but O. N. Kellogg could help ? He did help, and with his horse they made the trip to Chariton, hither and thither, seventy miles. A few days later they re- turned the horse. It was late in the even- ing. For payment they had to stay and enjoy the hospitality of the noble lender of the horse, over night. Then, unhitching the horses, and leading them to the barn a ter- rible accident occurred — they being bitten by a horrible rattlesnake. In those pioneer days rattlesnakes were numerous, but as an antidote rattlesnake medicine was always kept on hand, so, through the night they partook freely of the medicine with the best results, and next day not a trace of rat- tlesnake bite remained but a little head- ache. O. N. Kellogg died of diabetes, nervous prostration, October 22, 1855, his death being a great loss to Decatur Coun- ty. ■ He left five children to mourn with all of Decatur County's people, and above all this irreparable loss to whom they owed not only life but what is worth more than life, a highly-moral and intellectual educa- tion. The names of his children are : Ho- mer, Josephine, Eugene, Florence and Murray. The last named, Murray, is now a resident of Rosita, Custer County, Col- orado, where he is engaged in a successful practice of law. Josephine merits more than a passing mention. fOSEPHINE KELLOGG.— In writing this entirely inadequate sketch of her, we do it with a very strange beginning in applying to her the soubriquet bequeath- ed to the famous French Marechal Ne}', "L' enfant gate de la victoire," — The spoiled child of victory, — then glory and victory were the true concomitant followers of Jo- sephine Kellogg at every step and on every path of her life. Josephine Kellogg was :*>;v>:»'*:.«*>;:*y*r*::*::«:cc*::*::*:>;»;.»>>>::*r*:c«>;:c*:>::« >;*;»'>':*"»"*:>">'>>''*;*;»;*::**";*">;:*::c*;:*:c»:;ci»>r*>>:'!»^^^ :♦:>; :-»;:♦; :♦::♦: <-o :*:♦: — :♦::♦: :♦:>; >;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; >;:♦: :♦:>; *>: :♦;:♦: I ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: »:;♦; »;>: :♦:;•»: :••:;♦: :*■>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:«■; >"♦; >:>: >:;♦: ;♦::♦; >:>: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:«•; :♦::♦; >:>; ;•»;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;*'* :♦::♦: :♦"»: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; ;♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >.:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«■; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; >:;♦; >::♦: :«:;♦: :■*:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: >"♦; :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: >:>: >"«: :♦;.♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: the first white child born in Garden Grove, Decatur County, Iowa. She received a splendid home education, followed by a thorough course of instruction at the Gar- den Grove High School, finishing her edu- cation at college, and everywhere stood at the head of her class, taking high honors in her classes. She became a most success- ful assistant teacher under Professor Hark- ness at the Garden Grove High School, and so great was her well-earned renown through the whole county, and far beyond its limits, that students came from ever}' part of the country to the Garden Grove High School to enjoy the benefits of the instruction and training of its excellent teachers. Besides all other qualities so firm- I3' established were her moral and religious character, her thrift, her energies, inter- woven with soft, pleasant and mild amia- bility, gaining for her far-famed popularit}', that at an incoming election she was unanimously nominated, and then elected the first lady count}' superintendent of public instruction in Decatur County, which ofifice she retained for two terms, es- tablishing a new era in the efficiency of this office which she so admirably filled, to the utmost satisfaction of the people, and of the teachers and pupils of the county. On ac- count of failing health, after two terms of of- fice she not only retired from office but had to remove to the South in search of a milder climate; but Josephine, in her high-minded, noble character, could not live only for herself. She connected this self-imposed exile from her native soil with a noble mis- sionary work, teaching and educating the poor, forsaken and forlorn colored children, far down South across Dixie's line, and is now a teacher in Tougaloo College, near Jackson, Mississippi. Since going South Josephine has occasionally visited her rel- atives and numerous friends in Iowa. She was present at the first reunion of old set- tlers, held in August, 18S6, at Garden "♦:;*♦;♦;♦;>;>>..♦;♦■'*;♦;♦:.♦,;«::♦.*.♦/.«.;♦:.♦.;♦/*>.♦>.♦..♦.,♦..♦;*"♦"♦"♦:!••::♦! ■>"♦"♦"♦"♦>":♦">..♦. '.;♦>»;:♦>;> :♦ :♦; :♦:■»: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>] !♦;>: :«;:♦: >■■«■ :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: s>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:>: >■>; :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :•»::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:>• :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;■♦: :♦;* :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >:;♦; >;>; >;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: :•''::♦: :•»;.♦; ;♦::♦: :«.:«• [*:;♦] :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦:;♦; >::♦. :♦:■♦•: :<«:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;>: :«■*' :♦:;♦: :■♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;«•:■»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :'•:;♦: >;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:':»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦"♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.«: ;♦::♦: :•»::♦: :«;♦: :♦::♦: .♦♦; :♦:♦: :♦.♦; :♦;♦: ■»:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: >♦: :♦.;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦; :♦:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:♦; ;♦:♦: .*:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: '♦:♦: :♦;.♦: ;♦:♦: :♦:♦; ;♦:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦>: :♦>; .♦:.♦; *♦; >:♦; '♦>; :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦'♦: >'♦! '*■'*■'. ♦ '*'. ■*■ ♦; • ♦: >;♦: :♦;:♦: >;♦? >!♦; >;;♦; !♦;♦; :♦:♦: »: ,♦♦: ♦:♦: :•:♦: *♦: :♦>: ♦:<^: '♦, ♦: *'.*. >;'♦: •»:♦; >:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: »: ■•;♦: '*.*'. :♦:♦: :♦>; »: ;♦.:♦: ;♦:.♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦; ;♦:♦: '**'. :♦ ♦: :♦:•»; ;♦:♦: >::♦: !♦:♦: >!♦: :♦.♦: >'♦: '♦. ♦: :♦ ♦: > •♦' ;♦ ♦. :♦ ♦. > ♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 473 Grove, and delivered the oration of the day, to the gfreatest delight and admiration of the whole crowd, consisting of many thou- sands of people, the elite of Decatur County. In the October number of the North Aincr- iciin Rtn'uw there is an article written by the graceful pen of Abigail Hamilton, headed "The American Queen," in which the life and works of Zilpah P. Grant-Ban- ister, the greatest American school-teacher is so delightfully given. \Vc do not know if Josephine tookZilpah for her beau ideal, but we know that she fully followed her footsteps, and if any of the lady teachers of this country will reach Zilpah it is, and will be forever, Josephine Kellogg. H »-i»£>i^^<«5<^ IHARLES L. KELLOGG was born in Onondaga County, New York, Octo- ber i8, 1822. He married Miss Susan Crippen, April 26, 1853, and came to Gar- den Grove, Decatur County, Iowa, in March, 1854, becoming here a successful farmer, especially in stock-raising, and in this line excelling, particularl)' in sheep culture, keeping always the finest stock on hand. Charles Kellogg built the first two- story brick house in Garden Grove, which is still an ornament to the town. He, too, stood high in the estimation of his fellow citizens, as a highly-h-jnorablc and public- spirited man, so much so that during the late unpleasantness, at the opening of the civil war, when in 1861 our little army of Iowa Home Guards marched into Missouri he became our General Quartermaster, and in this capacity did always take good care of us, that we and our teams were always well provided for, which is indeed a great step in keeping troops in good spirits, and in- suring the good fighting qualities of the boys. Especially will I mention that he al- ways provuleil us with plenty of real good codec, in those days a costly rarity for back- woods farmers, and which was a better, more healthy and more cheering refreshment than nasty, doctored whisky. We Europe- ans were especially surprised by these cof- fee rations, who, in the campaigns in the old country, never saw the like of distributing coffee to the soldiers. After the civil war Charles Kellogg moved away from Decatur County to Eastern Tennessee, there to en- gage on a grand scale in sheep culture, but this enterprise proved to be a financial fail- ure, and he lost there not only money but he.ilth, and soon after died, in Hancock County, Illinois, his death occurring De- cember 2, 1866. Charles L. Kellogg, by his marriage mentioned above, had six chil- dren — Fred H., Lucy M., Bird C, Eugenia, Susan T. and Grant, to all of whom he gave a good education, and it is to be hoped they will be a credit to the good name of the noble family to which it is an honor for them to belong. fOHN W. HARVEY, o( Leon, is Judge ot the Third Judicial District of Iowa, having been elected to that position in the fall of 1882. He has been a resident of Leon since June, 1868, at which time he formed a partnership with Major John L. Young in the practice of the law. This partnership continued about eighteen months, when Major Young 'vithdrew from the firm for the purpose of engaging in anotiicr enterprise. Judge Harvey re- mained alone for some time, and then the partnership was again established. This time it continued until he was elected judge. He was born in Wells Count)-, Indiana, in 1840. When he was five years old his father died, leaving the mother with six children. In 1846 she removed with her family to Jasper County, Iowa, where our subject grew to manhood. His father's circumstances being limited he was ♦ ♦: .♦ ♦; ,♦♦: .♦.♦ ♦ .♦: ♦ >. ♦ ;♦; .♦. ♦: ■«.♦; .*> :♦,:♦; ♦.:♦: :♦.♦: :♦>: '•* ♦ ♦' .♦ ♦, >.;♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ > ».*. ♦ ,♦: :♦ ♦: :♦.♦: .♦ ♦. :♦;♦" ♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦; .♦ ♦ :♦♦: ♦ ,♦; >..♦: ♦.♦: ♦ ♦: *..*■'. .♦:♦ .♦.«: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦! .« «■ ♦.» '4. o > ♦ ♦ > ♦ •, >».♦! .♦>. :♦..♦. ♦ .♦. < » ♦ • :♦ >. ♦ ,♦ .♦..♦. ♦ ♦. *.♦' ♦ ♦: :♦:♦: ;♦..♦! '♦♦ ■V «• » ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: .♦..♦; ♦ :♦; .♦.♦; «♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: 474 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTl'. >::♦; >:>! :♦::♦; >■>: ;♦::♦; :■♦:;♦: >::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦"♦; :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: >:;♦: >:>; ;♦;:♦: :♦:>; >:>. :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :•«>: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:> >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; »::♦: !♦"♦: '*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦":♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::« :■»;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦; :•♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; [♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::« :♦::♦: :♦::« >;:♦: :♦::♦: ^i :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »::« :♦;>: >::♦: :♦::'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; »::♦: :♦>: ;»::♦: »;:♦: »:;♦: :•»::♦: :■»::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :-»>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;«! :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :*;>::*■ early thrown upon his own resources. He learned those habits of industry and self- reliance which have contributed in an emi- nent degree to the success to which he has attained. He early resolved to get an edu- cation, and by his own unaided efforts was enabled to enter the Iowa Central Univer- sity, having previously taken a preparatory course at Indianola. But the war of the Re- bellion came on, and yielding to the gen- eral impulse that pervaded the hearts of the loyal people of the county to crush out the Rebellion which threatened the de- struction of the Government, he resolved to enter the army. Accordingly, in June, 1862, he enlisted in Compan)' G, Eight- eenth Iowa Infantry, and served in the ranks as a common soldier or non-commis- sioned officer, for about eighteen months, when he was made First Lieutenant of his company. In the fall of 1865 he received a Captain's commission. He commanded his company' the greater part of the time after he was made Lieutenant, and had participated in manj^ of the important events of the war. At the close of hostilities and the return ot peace, he was assigned to the Quartermaster's department, and was mustered out of the service in April, 1866. He made an honorable record as a soldier, manifesting that characteristic zeal and earnestness of purpose for which he has been noted. On returning from the army he again became a student at the Central University, and a year later entered the law department of the State University, graduating in June, 1868. Judge Harvey was united in marriage with Miss Emma Eaton, a daughter of F. X. Eaton, and they have two sons — Charles C. and Jamie. Politically Judge Harvey is a Republican, and a forcible exponent of the principles of his party. He cast his first vote in the field (as Iowa soldiers were permitted to do so) in 1S64 for Abraham Lincoln. Whatever success and eminence Judge Harvey has attained, has been due to his own efforts. Beginning life a poor boy, supporting and educating himself by the labor of his hands, he has reached honorable distinction in official life, while he pos- sesses the esteem of his fellow-citizens. There were six children in his father's family, five sons and one daughter, of whom the Judge was the fourth child. iMcConnell, the eldest son, went South be- fore the war. During the Rebellion he joined the Southern arm}'. James H., a gallant Union soldier, was killed at the battle of Guntown, Mississippi. William was a member of the Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, and was promoted to First Lieu- tenant in Major North's Pawnee scouts. He is now in' Colorado. Jerome, the youngest child, was too young for a soldier. He resides in Leon. He lost an arm b}- an accident some years ago. Clara, the third in age, is now the wife of William Phiber. On the 2nd of November, 1886, Judge Harvey was re-elected judge of the Third Judicial District of Iowa for the term of four 3'ears from the ist da}^ of Januar)-, 1887. -<^-^iB^*-e^^ A. HAMILTON, retired farmer, Leon, was born in Butler County, Ohio, March 8, 1825. His father, Robert Hamilton, was a native of Pennsyl- vania, and his mother, Eleanor Hamilton, was a native of Ohio. They were the par- ents of nine children, four of whom are living — G. A., Jonathan, Joseph, and Ellen, now the wife of Daniel Bradley of Indiana. The parents died in Montgomer}- County, Indiana. Mr. Hamilton was reared on a farm and has followed that vocation through life. He came to Iowa in 1847, settling in Polk County. He came to this (Decatur) County in 185 1, and was the third settler in Long Creek Township. He first entered eighty acres of land in that town- ♦ .♦, *>: ♦ ♦: ♦ .♦: ♦ :♦; *>: ♦:♦; •>: ♦ :«i ♦ :♦; ♦:♦; ♦:♦; ♦ ;•; .♦:«> >.;♦: :♦;♦; ♦.;♦; ;♦>: .♦;♦: .♦:♦: ♦;♦; ,»:♦: *>: ♦:♦: >:♦: .♦:♦; :♦:♦! ;♦ ;♦: .♦ ♦: .♦.♦: > .♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ .♦) .♦♦; :♦:♦: .♦* ♦ ♦ ;♦.♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:* :♦:«■ :♦♦; :♦::♦] >>i »: :♦::«> :♦::« :♦:♦; :♦;:«: :♦::♦; >::«: :♦::♦: :♦:;« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦* :♦:;♦: :♦:* :♦;>: :♦;:♦; >;:♦: :♦.:♦! :♦» :*;♦; :♦.:♦: :♦.;■«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*;♦: :♦:;♦: :*:♦: >::*: >.* :♦;:♦: v:m :♦:>: '».:*. :♦.:♦: :♦::♦. :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦♦: ;♦ ♦ >♦: :♦,:♦: :♦..♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦;'♦: *:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:,♦: :♦'♦: :♦'♦: :♦:♦; ■»:«•; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 475 ship, and now owns a valuable farm there of 460 acres, all in a good state of cultiva- tion, with good buildings. He commenced life a poor man ; but with energy, perse- verance and economy, and the assistance of his excellent wife he has obtained a competency. Mr. Hamilton was first mar- ried in Polk County, in 1849, to Lydia Smith, and they were the parents of six children, four of whom arc living — Ellen, wife of Jerome Treample, has two chil- dren ; Sarah A., wife of Walter Redman, has two children, Carrie A. and John. May E., wile of Frederick Redman, lias two children, Lettie and Frank. Mrs. Hamilton died in 1865, and in 1866 Mr. Hamilton married Isabel llollingshead, born in 1825, daughter of James and Nancy (McConnell) Hollingshcad, natives of Pennsylvania. Mr. Hamilton had a broth- er, John, who died in the army, and a daughter, Emma, who died in infancy. He owns considerable property in Leon, in ad- dition to his residence. He is one of the prominent and influential men of Decatur County. fS. SH 1 ELDS, section 29, Grand River Township, is a native of Lawrence * County, Pennsylvania, born July 7, 1829, a son of John and Sarah (Smart) Shields. His parents had a family of seven children — John, Mary, William, James S., Joshua, Thomas and Robert. James S. re- sided in his native .State until 1861, spend- ing his early life on his father's farm. He was married February 21, 1857, to Miss Mary E. SheritT, who was born and reared in Lawrence County, a daughter of Will- iam and Jane (Black) Sheriff. In 1856 he visited Kansas and was in that State during the John Brown troubles, at Lawrence and Topeka, returning to Pennsylvania in time to vote for John C. Fremont. In 1861 he and his family moved to Mercer County, Illi- nois, where he lived seven years, and in 1868 came to Iowa and located in Grand River Township, Decatur County, on the farm where he has since lived, entering his land from the Government. His farm contains 240 acres of land, consisting of both prairie and timber, well adapted for grain and stock-raising. He has a comfortable house, good farm buildings, orchard, with an abundance of small fruits and native groves, also a fine vineyard. In politics Mr. Shields is a staunch Republican. He has always taken an interest in anything that pertains to the public welfare, especially in the cause of education, and has given his chil- dren the best advantages for obtaining any knowledge that will fit them for the busi- ness of life. Mr. and Mrs. Shields have a family of eight children —Sarah Jane, Florence E., Mary- Paulina, Elizabeth, John S., William F., Harriet A. and Rosa L. •*>- -°¥i^ W. PIERCY, one of the old pioneers of Decatur County, and a successful '<> farmer of Bloomington Township, living on section 20, was born in Morgan County, Illinois, February 22, 1837, a son of Nathan and Elizabeth (Scott) Piercy,the father born in Botetourt County, Virginia, and the mother in Wayne County, Ken- lucky. To his parents were born twelve children— Zelah R., William P., Martha A.. Charles W., Elizabeth J., James W., Nathan M., John II., Thomas B., Newton C, Sarah F. and one unnamed. James W., the sub- ject of this sketch, was reared in his native county till attaining the age of seventeen years, his early life being spent on the home farm and in attending the common schools. In the fall of 1853 he came with his father's family to Iowa, and spent the following winter in Wapello County. In April, 1854, he came to Decatur County, the family lo- cating in New Buda, his father entering > ♦ > ♦ > >■ > ♦ !♦* !»::♦; »! >'♦' > ♦ ;♦.♦, > ♦ >'♦ > » > < > » > ♦, :♦.♦: >;♦. > ». ;♦ ♦' <• ♦. >♦. > ♦■, :♦:♦. '.* * '* * :♦ v > < :♦:♦: :♦ ♦. :♦ ♦, :♦ ♦; ;♦ ■>■ :♦ <•: > ♦. :♦ * :♦ > •*'♦, ;♦♦; ■«•«: He then bought eighty acres of his present farm, which is located a half mile northeast of Tuskeego. His land is highly cultivated and in his farming and stock-raising he is meeting with fair success. He has a fine grove of maples of three acres, which is a popular resort for picnic parties. He has a fine orchard on his land and an abundance of small fruits. Mr. Piercy is an active mem- ber of the Missionary Baptist church, ot which he is deacon, and clerk of East Grand River Association. He has served as town- ship asssessor in Bloomington Township two terms, and while living in Eden Town- ship held the office of assessor andjustice of the peace. He is now serving his second term as justice of the peace of Bloomington Township, and his decisions are always wise and just. Mr. Pierc3's father died in 1870. His mother died October 8, 1886, at the age of eighty-three years, two months and eight days. *;;♦;' :♦::♦: 476 history of decatur countt. :♦>: »:;« :♦::♦: W-, !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•«:♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«:♦: »::♦: »::♦: k»: :♦::« 'iCff. :«:•»: »;;♦; :♦:;« ;♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :«.V: :♦:>: :♦::♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: m'M :♦::♦: »:;♦: ?^fi fM :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :•»■;*; :♦:■>; :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦::*; ;♦;:•»•; ;♦;:*; ;♦;;*; ;♦:•»: ■*•>: :♦;>: >::«: :♦::♦: . *::♦: *♦ .<»:.'»: :♦!!♦: •*;* :♦:>: :♦::♦: m :♦:.>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ♦::♦; w::>: :♦::♦: ;♦:•»: ;♦:-»: :♦::♦: Wi »:> :♦:>: »::*; »>: ;♦::♦: M :♦::«■:, . mi land at that time in New Budaand Fayette townships. J. W. Piercy was united in marriage April 8, 1858, to Miss Amelia Ann Barnard, who was born in Parke County, Indiana, a daughter of Owen and Mary (Heddy) Barnard. Her father was a mem- ber of the Third Indiana Infantry during the Mexican war, and died in the service, at Mex- ico City. Mrs. Piercy came with her brother, William Barnard, to Decatur County in the year 1856. Of the nine children born to Mr. and Mrs. Piercy, six are living — Ame- lia F., Maley W., Charles R., Mary E., Carrie E. and Laura E. Jenette C. died when about eighteen years of age ; Louisa Jane died, aged four months, and Willie died in early infancy. In 1858 Mr. Piercy located on section 15, Bloomington Town- ship, living there one 3^ear, when he re- moved to Mercer Count)% Missouri, and one year later located in Coffee County, Kansas. x\fter spending one year in Coffee County he returned to Bloomington Town- ship, Decatur County, and lived one year, on section 32. August 22, 1862, he enlisted in the Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantr)% \n Com- pau}' K, and was in the fifteen-days' run- ning fight known as the battle of Oldtown, Alabama. In October, 1863, he was injured on the cars, from which he has never fully recovered. He was discharged at Louis- ville, Kentucky, June 15, 1865, when he re- turned to Decatur County, and located in Decatur Township, where he lived for one year, after which he lived in Bloomington Township for two years. In 1869 he re- moved to Osage County, Kansas, where he took up a claim of 160 acres, on which he lived eight months, when he sold his land and returned to Decatur Township, Deca- tur County, Iowa. He soon settled in Eden Township, where he made his home for seven years, engaged in the marble busi- ness, when he sold out and removed to Bloomington Township and the following three years made his home on section 15. -o^- ►•e-o- fHARLES W. MOORE, farmer, sec- tion 34, Eden Township, was born in New Jersey, in 1835. His parents, Mark and Sarah Ann Moore, removed to Indiana in 1840, where Charles W. grew to maturity, and where the parents resided until their death. He went to Missouri when a 3'onng man, where he married Mary R. Groves, a daughter of Thomas and Lydia Ann Groves, natives of Vir- ginia, but removed to Missouri, where Mrs. Moore was born, in 1842. Her father died in Missouri many years ago. Her mother still lives in that State. She has also two sisters and a brother there — Sarah F., Lucy Ann and Thomas. Mr. and Mrs. Moore were married in the fall of 1859, ^"d came to Decatur County a few weeks later. Mr. Moore entered the arnij' in September, 1864, a member of Company D, Sixteenth Iowa Infantry, and served till the close of the war. His regiment »:♦.:■« ;♦;;♦;*"*■ :♦:>: :♦::♦: s»:>: ^"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:* ;♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦;:« :♦!:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.>: >;;♦; ;•::♦: »::♦: >::♦: ■*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: •»;:«3 :♦»♦: ;♦;;« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: >"*;♦.♦: :♦:>::♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:'♦: :♦:;♦: v.v. >::»: »::*: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦' :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :•.;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦.♦: :*::»: :♦::♦: :•;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: '♦::♦; *:♦: :«:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::«; :♦;:«• :♦::♦: >;>: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: *:;♦: »* :♦;:♦; *:;♦• :♦:•»: :*::♦: !♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«; ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦:>: >::♦: ■♦;:♦: ■♦'■♦: :♦;.♦; ;♦;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦• :♦::♦; >;♦: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦:,♦; »: !♦::♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*;:♦: >"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;>: *:♦: :♦::♦: >!>: :♦::♦; ♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >'«: •»■;♦: :*♦: :♦'♦: >:>! :♦:>! :♦::♦: :♦:♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 477 joined Sherman's army at Atlanta, and marched through to the sea, participating in the important events of that campaign. He was for some time on detail duty in guarding prisoners. He was never wounded, but returned with health very much broken, and has never recovered from the effects of hard marching and ex- posures which he encountered in the jour- ney to the sea. Since the war he has been engaged in farming, having purcliascd his farm just before going to the army. The farm contains 120 acres, and he also owns 160 acres elsewhere in the county. Mr. and Mrs. Moore are the only members of their families living in Iowa. His brother Will- iam resides on the old homestead, in Indi- ana. They have seven children — William, Thomas, Charles, George, Milo, Dora and Justina. Sarah Ann and James are de- ceased. ■ : ^ ^=^ " >- fOHN F. LANDES, merchant at Wes- tcrvilie, was born in Augusta County, Virginia, October 26, 1831, son of Samuel and Magdalene (Siple) Landes, natives of the same State. They immi- grated to Iowa in 1855, f"St settling in Clarke County, where they remaineii until 1870, then came to Decatur County and settled in Westerville, where the fatiicr died, June 12, 1886. The mother is still living, aged eighty-two years. Mr. Landes traces his ancestry back to three brothers who came from Germany many years ago. One of them returned to his native country and the others remained. Mr. Landes be- lieves that all of the name in the United States sprung from these two brothers. There is a tradition that the one who re- turned to Germany died a few years ago leaving a large estate, but the matter has never been investigated by the relatives here. Mr. Landes was reared on a farm until he was eighteen years old. During this time he was engaged in the mercantile business a portion of the tim2. In 1865 he was elected to the Legislature on th • Republican ticket, and served with entire satisfaction to his constituents. He has held township and school offices. In 1862 he enlisted in Company B, Eighteenth Iowa Infantry, as a private, but was pro- moted First Lieutenant. He participated in the battles of Parson Spring, Jenks' Ferry and several others of less note. He was mostly in Missouri and Arkansas. He was honorably discharged, and was mus- tered out in Davenport. He located in Westerville in 1870, since which time he has been engaged in general merchandise, keeping a large and well-selected stock of goods of about $20,000, and commands a large trade. In 1865 he was married to Miss Emma Johnson, daughter of C. R. and Lucinda M. Johnson, early settlers of Clarke County. Her father was a prom- inent politician of that county. He served in the Legislature both in the Senate and House; also held the office of county clerk. Mrs. Landes was born in Pennsyl- vania. She died in 1872, leaving one child, Lucius. Mr. Landes was a second time married, in Westerville, to Elizabeth Trowcr, born in Fairfield, Jefferson County, and they have three children — Mary M., Harry L. and Medora L. Mr. Landes is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity. ,SA S. COCHRAN, justice of the peace and notary public, was born in Geauga County, Ohio, January 24. 1843, a son of George C. Cochran, and a grandson of Jolin Cochran, one of the pioneers of the Western Reserve, settling there from Blanford, Massachusetts. He was a soldier in the war of 181 2, where he lost his health, and died in 1S18, leaving four sons and two daughters, George C. .♦.♦. :♦;♦: ♦' ♦ >:♦' ♦ » :♦:♦: > ♦: ♦ .♦: ■♦♦ > >; :♦ ♦ :♦'♦ ,» ♦: >. ♦^ ,♦>: ♦ ♦ :♦♦: ;♦:;♦; *:•: ♦!>; ♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦'♦: ♦ *: • .♦. .♦.:♦: »; '♦♦■ :♦..♦: :♦>: ;♦>: :♦;♦. ;♦..♦; :♦;♦; :♦:.♦, • ,♦: • » * >. .♦..♦. .♦ *. .♦• .♦.♦. :♦.;♦; :♦.;♦: :♦'♦: :♦:♦: '♦'♦: :♦::•; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ♦ ♦' » •'■, ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ ♦.♦] ;♦♦: ♦ ♦! > ,•: :♦ *■ ♦ ♦ .♦,♦: .♦♦: .♦ ♦: .*»: ♦ .♦; :♦>: :♦.♦: :♦♦, ♦■'♦■•»■■*,>■>'* »;;♦:>: »::« »::♦: !»::♦: :«::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: %:♦: »:»: :♦::♦: »"♦: »::« »::♦: »::« »::« »::« »:;♦: ;♦:;« »:»: »r« :♦:;« :♦::« »:;« :♦:;« :«:♦: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: »:;« !♦::♦; <«:« :♦::« :♦:;♦: »::« »:;♦: »::« :♦::♦: :♦::« »:;♦: »:»: ;♦:« »::•« »:;« »;.« »::« :♦::♦: !«:♦: »;:« »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦>: »h« »:;♦: :♦:>: ;♦:;« :♦:;« :♦::« !»;:« :♦::« »::« *;* *^ :♦::« :♦::« !»::♦: (»::♦: >::♦: >"♦: :♦:;« :♦"«! w:m :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦>: :♦::« :♦::♦: .!»::♦: ;♦>: ♦-♦< :«:>: :♦;;♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :■♦;:♦; :♦::* *;:♦: k'M »: :♦:.♦: !•;,♦; v»~v'v>\*:»:v>"* ♦;■*:♦':♦'>;>■*>::♦:>■>>■;♦:>::♦::♦::<♦::♦:♦>>;:♦"♦>;:♦ >■:♦:>::♦::♦::* 478 HISTORY OF DECATUIl COUNTY. being the youngest son, and was a farmer by occupation. In liis last years lie was a great sufferer from rheumatism, and died in Portage County, Ohio, in the fall of 1863. His widow still survives, and is now making her home in Hamilton Township, Decatur County. Asa S. Cochran, our subject, was reared to manhood in Portage County, Ohio. In September, 1862, he re- sponded to Governor Todd's call for "squirrel hunters," to repel the threatened invasion of Ohio by Rebel General Mor- gan, thus he saw a little service, although he was obliged to remain out o( the war, as he was the only support of his parents. After leaving Ohio, he went to Allegan County, Michigan, where he taught school for several successive winters, beginning in the winter of i863-'4. He was mar- ried June 27, 1866, to Miss Mabel E. Church, who was born in Portage County, Ohio, May 23, 1845, 'i daughter of Horace and Sally Church. Of the eight children born to this union four are living — Frank E., Clara, Wilbur and Cora. Willie and Carrie died in Michigan, the former in his third year, and the latter aged two months; and Walter and Josephine died in Decatur County, in the year 1880, the former aged two and a half years, and the latter in her sixth year. While living in Michigan Mr. Cochran cleared a small farm, which he occupied till November, 1875, since which time he has been a resident of Fayette Township, Decatur County, Iowa. In 1879 '^c moved to Lamoni, when that vil- lage was just started, and engaged in the lumber trade with David and Albert P. Dancer, with whom he was associated for three years. He sold his interest to his partners in March, 1S83, and became con- nected with the Saints' Herald publishing house, as secretary and cashier of that ex- tensive establishment. The year ending March 15, 1886, the business of this office reached the sum of $182,000. In business and social life Mr. Cochran ranks very high in the county, and by his persevering en- ergy and good management he has met with success. Besides his fine residence he owns other valuable property in Lamoni, and is one of the active and enterprising citizens of that place. He is a prominent member of the church of the Latter-Day Saints, and is the presiding elder of the Lamoni branch. In politics he is identified with the Republican party. |LI H. ALEXANDER, retired farmer, resides on section 24, High Point Township, where he owns 390 acres of land. He was born in Jackson County, Indiana, March 11, 1822. His father, Reu- ben Alexander, died in August, 1822, aged forty-nine years, when his son was six months old. His mother, Jane (Wilson) Alexander, died in 1864, aged eighty -eight years. His parents were natives of Car- olina. They were the parents of thirteen children, Eli H. being the youngest. He was reared to the trade of a blacksmith. He enlisted in the war with Mexico in 1846, under Captain Henry Davis, Com- pany Y, Second Indiana Infantry. He was at the battle of Buena Vista. He was married in Lawrence County, Indiana, No- vember I, 1847, to Sallie E. Flinn, daugh- ter of William and Sarah (Houston) Flinn, natives of Indiana. Sallie E. was born in Lawrence County, Indiana, December 14, 1826. They were the parents of nine chil- dren — Curtis L., married Harriette Cald- well, and to this union were born two children— Harl M. and Maud, now deceased. Eugene O., married Ester Mac}-, and to them were born four children — Olive E., deceased ; Rollie A., Edward O. and James Blaine. Morris L., married Silva A. Caldwell, now deceased, and had three sons — Claud M., Lloyd S. and Linton, <'.;c^:*:<*;>;;«;:*:;c*::c«;;cc*;*>;>>;;*;>;>;:c«>;:cc«!>:>;^^^ :<>:;♦; :♦;:♦: ^1 :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: *::♦: %:♦: ;■»"♦: ;♦::♦: Wit, »:;♦: >"♦: :■»::♦: :«:»: :«:;♦: ;♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; • »:;♦: »;:♦: W.V. :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: !«»: Wi !*::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :<»::♦: »:;♦: >:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :•»;:«: ;♦"'»: >::«: :•»::♦: W.V. ;♦::♦: ^M >;;♦: !♦;:♦: »::« :♦::♦: !♦::♦: £♦::♦: !»::«: !»::•: !»:;*: K* :«♦: >:!«; !»::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: !*'::'»: s*:>: »::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:■»: >:♦; :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;;»: :♦"♦::♦::♦? a* ?■* *•* :•:>: :♦:;♦: :«.:♦. ;♦;* k:M :♦:*■ >:•> :♦:;« >::« :♦:>; >:>: >:>: :«::« :♦::♦: :♦::* »: >"♦: ;♦;*• :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: >"< :♦;:«> >::♦: :♦;:«! :♦::* :♦:* :♦::«! :♦::« :♦"♦: »: :♦;:« :♦:;« :♦;••>' :♦:;« :♦;:« :♦::« :«;:« :♦::«! :♦::* :♦:*■ :♦::♦! :♦;:•! ;♦;*: :♦::« »;:« :♦::« »::« :♦::«> :♦.;♦! :♦:* :•:;«! :♦;:•! »:m »::« :♦:;« ;♦;:« »::«! »:;«! :♦;•« :«:« >:;« :♦:;«■ :♦::♦: :♦::« :«:«> :«.« :c«i :c« ■•■« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 479 deceased. Cora B. is deceased. William A., of Leon, Iowa, married Ida Yamiey. Edward H. married Barbara Cakiwcll. Lenna F. is tlie widow of Daniel A. Hus- ton, M. D., of Lcwisbing, Iowa. Emma E., at home : Olive E. is deceased. Curlis L., Eugene O., Morris L. and Edwartl H., live in Hastings, Nebraska. Mr. Alexander iinmigrated to Decatur County, Iowa, in 1855. He lias held the office of township trustee and most of the school and town- ship offices. He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity. He enlisted in 1861 in Company A, Thirtv-fourth Iowa Infantry, and was elected Captain. He was in the siege of Chickasaw Bluffs, Arkansas Post, and Vicksburg. When he commenced life for himself he was $30 in debt. After com- ing to Iowa he was obliged to live in a log cabin in the rudest style, hanging quills for doors, and hung a wagon sheet in the loft to keep out snow. He often went a dis- tance of sixty miles to mill, and often had to stay three days for his grist. His op- portunities for education were very limited. Few men have worked harder or suffered greater trials and inconveniences than has Mr. Alexander. He now owns a fine farm and is a man very highly esteemed. Fost- f)Hice, High Point. fLISHA HORN, an old pioneer of Hamilton Township, and one of the successful business men of Plcasan- ton, is a native of West Virginia, born in Botetourt County, January 11,1827. His parents, William and Nahcy (Harris) Horn, were married in the year 1825, and reared a family of four children — Elisha, Mary Elizabeth, D.ivid and Sarah Ann, of whom our subject was the eldest child. When he was five years of age his parents re- moved to Morgan County, Indiana, and tlicre he was rearctl, his vouth being spL-nt in assisting his father on the farm and in attending the common schools. He grew to manhood in Clay County, Indiana, his parents locating in that countv when he was thirteen years old. He was a soldier in the Mexican war, enlisting in June, 1846, in Company C, Second Indiana Infantrv, and participated in the battle of Buena Vista. After being in the service twelve months he was honorably discharged, when he returned to his home in Clay County, Indiana. He was married August 6, 1848, to Miss Eliza Walker, a native of Morgan County, Indiana, a daughter of Francis and Sarah Walker. Of the six children born to this union only two survive — Will- iam F., living in Nemaha County, Ne- braska, and John W., engaged in black- smithing at Pleasanton, Decatur County. Four are deceased — Elizabeth, Sarah Ann, and two who died in infancy. In 1853 Mr. Horn, witii his family, consisting of his wife and two children, removed to Mercer County, Missouri, where he entered 120 acres of Government land, on »vhich they resided four years. In March, 1S60, he came to Pleasanton and engaged in man- ufacturing and repairing wagons and bug- gies, until the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. He enlisted in March, 1862, in the Third Missouri Militia, afterward known as the Seventh Missouri Cavalry, Company K. He enlisted as a private, and the following July was commissioned First Lieutenant, in which position heserved till he was honorably discharged in April, 1865. He was in the engagements at Marshall, Springfield, Independence and Big Blue River, and Mine Run, where Pleasanton, Kansas, now stands. After the close of the warhe returned home, and the three years following he was engaged in the mercantile business under the firm name of Horn & Wilson. He then en- gaged in the manufacture of vehicles, wag- ons, buggies and sleighs, which he has .♦.♦ >>■ >:♦: ;*;♦; »^ ^% >;:♦; ;♦;♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: ♦.''^ ♦5 :♦::♦: m >:♦; :♦:*■ :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: :♦;:« :♦:;♦; >:>: "m. »; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >:>: >:>: >::*: >.>: >::♦: »:♦: >:>: >;:♦; ;♦;* :♦::♦: ?^* >>: ^« ro: :♦:;«; :♦:»: :♦:;♦; ♦;«i >::« :♦::*: :♦::♦; »: >:;« :♦-« :♦::« ;♦;;'»: !•:>; :♦;;« :«::♦: !»:;« :«:«: :♦::♦; »:♦ »: :♦>: »;;♦: :♦;:« :c* :♦"♦: :«:« »:« :♦:.«. :♦::« ;«.« »:♦: ;♦:♦' i :>;'»:>:»:»:>::c*;»>::;;*;:c*:>>::*::c-»;:*:>::*;>;:*:;c»::^^^^ >:>; ;>::♦; :♦;:■♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«■ :♦::*: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦!>: ;♦<:*• :♦.;♦; [♦::♦; ;♦::<>: ;♦:;♦; :«•:»; :♦:.♦; :♦;■♦; :♦;;♦; •»::v: :♦:;«: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;;■♦: :♦;>; :♦::-»; :♦;:♦; ;«::♦: :♦;>; ;♦::♦: :♦::•»: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;•»:>; ;♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;*: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:■♦: ;♦;:■♦; :♦;>: ;«•;:♦: »:•»; :♦;:♦; >:;♦: :«:>: ;♦::♦: :•*;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :«:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦"♦; :♦::■♦: :♦:;•■: :♦•;♦: :♦.:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::■»; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:<>: :♦;:*" :♦;;♦: :«>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;.♦; :♦;•♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;;»; ;♦;:♦; ;♦::-»: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦; :♦:;♦: :*.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: 480 HISTORT OF DECATUR CO U NTT. since followed at Pleasanton, and also carries a stock of hardware. His business is located on the southwest corner of the square, in a good two-story building, of which he is tlie owner. In politics Mr. Horn is a Republican. He has served as trustee of Hamilton Township three or four terms, serving with credit to himself, and to the best interests of his township, and by his fair and honorable dealings he has gained the confidence and esteem of all who know him. -•»>■ --^^^m^- -<4«» THOMAS J. BELL, of the firm of Blair & Bell, general merchants ^i of Lamoni, was born in Clark County, Indiana, April 30, 1851, his par- ents, James and Frances (McKutchan) Bell, being born, reared and married in the same State. The father died on the old homestead where our subject was born, September 22, 1885, aged fifty-six years. The mother still survives, and resides at the old home with her three 3^oungest chil- dren. The nimei of their children are — Thomas J., our subject; William, living in Lamoni ; Charles P., of Orange County, Indiana; Elias, of Clark County, Indiana; Mrs. Jemima McKinley lives near her mother; Mrs. Sarah Bell, of New Albany, Indiana, and Elizabeth, Andrew and Tel- ford, living at the homestead. Thomas J. Bell was reared to a farm life, and edu- cated in the district schools. August 11, 1872, he was married to Miss Jincy Ann Scott, who was born in Floyd County, In- diana, February 9, 1854, a daughter of Herbert and Nancy Scott. They are the parents of three children, a son and two daughters — Edward Curtis, Clara May and Tina Ethlyn. Mr. and Mrs. Bell com- menced married life on her father's farm in Floyd County, Indiana, and in the spring of 1875, removed to Sandwich, Illi- nois, and in the autumn of 1876 came to Decatur County, Iowa, and located at Davis City, where, in company with B. V. Springer, Mr. Bell worked at the carpen- ter's trade for eighteen months. July 17, 1879, 'is entered the mercantile establish- ment of Clark & Sons, where he was en- gaged in clerking till September, 1882. In January, 1883, he removed to Lamoni, and March following he was engaged in the lumber yard of David Dancer, where he remained until he became associated with Mr. Blair in the mercantile business. They carry a general stock of dry-goods, gro- ceries, clothing, boots, shoes, etc., their stock being worth about $6,500, their an- nual sales amounting to about §18,000. Mr. Bell is a man of excellent business qualifi- cations, and by his gentlemanly and courte- ous manners has become a popular merchant. In his political views Mr. Bell is very liberal, and is not allied with any party. Both he and his wife are promi- nent members of the church of the Latter- Day Saints, and for the past three and a half years he has been an elder of the La- moni branch of that denomination. He served in the city council at Davis Cit)' three A-ears, and was a member of the first council of Lamoni. IILLIAM D. DUFF, physician and \/| surgeon, at Garden Grove, was ,^ rnS born in Hancock Count)% Illinois, June 19, 1848, a son of Joshua G. Duff and Marth L. Duff, the father a native of South Carolina and of Scotch origin, the mother born in New York and of English descent; the father still living, the mother is dead. She was a niece of the celebrated Peter Cartwright. Dr. Duff was reared on a farm in his native county and remained there until nineteen years of age, after which he attended a medical college at St. Louis, and :♦::♦::♦::*:♦;:♦;:♦::♦::♦::♦>>"*:♦"«:♦"♦;:♦♦.-» »,«.«*::cc«*»rc*>::c*..».».r.'7.»..*>:»>»>"c\»^^^ ;»;»;>;:*;:«:*;:*;;*;:*;:*;:*>:;*:c*:«;»;:*;'*»;;«:c*;>;:c*>>;:*x*>;;*;;*;;^^ :;■»;:♦>::«•; :♦>: >;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;•«■; :♦:;♦; >"♦; .*::♦: :♦:>: •»::♦; >::■:-: >:>; :♦:;»: >:•♦: :♦:*: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :•♦;'*; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦"»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>; *::♦: :♦;*■ ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; •»;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: >:;♦: :«•::♦: :♦;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:»: :♦:•»: :♦:>: '♦:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >!;♦: >:>; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;>; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: •»:;♦: :♦;;♦; ■••"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >;:♦: >"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:.♦; :♦::♦; !♦;:♦: :♦;>; :♦;:♦; ;♦;:* :♦;:♦; >;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;>: :♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: :♦;.♦: :♦::♦: >"♦! >■>: >:>; *♦; •»■■»; >::♦: »"♦•>:>: :♦::«»::♦: firm »::«: :♦::*: :♦:»: !»::♦: !»::•: <«:♦: :«:»: !»; :♦>; »>: »;;♦: :♦':♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: »::♦: ■ ♦: .♦: -♦: ■* ♦: .♦::♦: .♦::♦: • ♦: :♦:»: :♦"'*: »:;♦: »:>: '♦:;♦: *;;♦; »♦: » ♦: >♦; •>♦; ♦,;♦: »♦; ► ,♦" *"¥ ♦ '♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 481 •>..♦. ■•■♦; '/ ♦: f ♦! ♦:♦; » ♦; ♦;♦' ♦..♦I ♦.♦: ♦ V graduated at the Missouri Medical College in 1875, and commenced the practice of his profession in Henderson County, Illi- nois, in 1875, and remained there five years, then removed to Wever, Lee County, Iowa, and practiced his profession for seven years, and then removed to Garden Gfove, Iowa, to continue the practice. Dr. DufI was married in Kansas, October 21, 1880, to Miss AUicia M. King, and they have one child — Charles .M. The doctor owns a house and two lots in Garden Grove and 200 acres of land in Kansas. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Some three years ago while treating a case of cancer the doctor dis- covered a remedy to which the case readi- ly yielded, and has used the remedy several tim>;s since with good results. He now treats and permanently cures cancers, tumors, ulcers, scrofula and skin diseases, by his new and improved method, without the use of a knife or loss of blood, and but little pain. E. STILES, farmer and stock-raiser, Garden Grove Township, resides on s^* section 18, where he owns 140 acres of land under a state of good cultivation. He was born in Calhoun County, Illinois, in 1830, a son of Aaron Stiles. His parents died when he was very young. He came to Decatur County in May, 1874. He went to California in 1854 and was engaged in min- mg one year, and then was on a milk ranch two years, and in 1857 returned to Decatur County. In December, i86g, he married Rhoda J. Ni.xon, who was born in Illinois, in 1848, a daughter of James and Elizabeth Ni.xon. He went toCalifornia again, nnd lived in Colusa County until 1874. He has paid special attention to stock-raising, and has a fine herd of cattle, eight of them being ^h'lrt horns and the rest graded. He has held the offices of township assessor and school director In politics he is a Demo- crat. He is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity. .Mr. and Mrs. Stiles have two children — Daisv M. and Bertie. fOSEPH F. HAGEN. section 14, New Buda Township, is a native of Deca- tur County, born March 14, 1858, a son of John and Eva Hagen, natives of Germany, where they were reared, coming to America in their jouth, and were mar- ried in Decatur County. The father was one of the pioneers of Burrill Township, where he commenced to improve a farm. He commenced life in Iowa a poor man, but at the time of his death owned an es- tate of 400 acres of land, and quite a large personal {)roperty. He was a merchant at New Buda several years, and carried on quite an extensive business. His wife died in 1868, aged thirty-five years. Their family consisted of six children — Mrs. Anna Nolting, of Chariton County, Mis- souri ; Joseph F. ; Latta, of Burrill Town- ship ; Adoiph, of New Buda; Christine died aged two years; and one that died in infancy. The father married again, his second wife being Mrs. Bertha Bcisigl, widow of George Beisigl, who now lives in Dixon, Dakota. He died in Fcbruarv, 1878, aged forty-four years. In religious faith he was reared a Catholic, but severed his connection with the church several years before his death. Joseph F. Hagen remained with his father until his death, his youth being sjient in agricultural work. He now owns a fine farm of 199 acres, all being under cultivation except seven acres of timber. He was married December 12, 1S80, to Miss Mary Parkhurst, a native of Wapello County, Iowa, born November 2, i860. They have three children — Flor- ence Pearl, Cora May and an infant son. .♦ ♦ :♦'••: :■»::«> »:'« :♦:♦: ■4'4: *"♦: '♦.'♦I :♦;♦: :•:'♦: '«:«: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: >"♦ :♦♦ ;♦:♦ :♦:« :♦:♦: :♦;.♦ :♦'■•» :♦> *;♦, :♦:♦: :♦::♦. :♦>■ ;♦'> >* :♦:* .«;♦ !♦ ♦ :♦":♦; >"*' :«:♦; *.♦] :♦;:♦: >;;♦: :♦::* >:.♦' :♦ .♦: :*:♦ v « :<»'> '*', ♦' '♦♦ :»■♦ !♦"■?' > ♦ '♦"♦: ♦■♦; :♦'♦: >:♦: *'»" .♦'♦ :♦;♦; ♦"♦' :♦:♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦,;*. >;* ♦ "> .♦♦ *- * ■♦ ♦ > * <■ •> ♦ .♦ ♦ ♦! ♦:♦; >:♦' >"♦' ♦ >■ :♦'♦ ♦'♦ .♦♦; :♦:♦: '■>■.*. .♦. ♦; .♦.♦. .♦..♦: >. ♦: ♦ ♦ :♦,>: ;<•;;■♦: '■•;■:♦: >:;♦; *;♦: *'*: :*:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;■*; :«:>: :«':♦: '■:;*• '. ^^ />::♦; •♦"♦: <-;*: ■<:.::*: ; -.-■^ ■<■:*; *:*•; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦.:♦; >;:*: :*•::*•: :*:;«; ;«•;:*; :♦;.♦; :♦;;♦; :•»::♦: :<■::♦: :■»::♦: :*;>: ■■!■"♦: >::*: ;*::*: :♦;>: :♦:■♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;■*; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;*::*; m :«;;♦: :•»:■♦: :♦:•♦; :*:»: :♦;:♦: ;♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :*::♦; :♦;;♦; •»:;♦; :♦::>; :«;:♦: ;«;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:,♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; >:>: ;♦;;♦; >:;♦: >:*; :•;:♦: :-o- ;♦;:♦; :*:♦; DECATUR COUNTY. ij* ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;«: :♦::♦: :♦"'*': :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦::«■: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«;♦: :♦;:♦; »::* *::♦; :♦:;♦; :■»::«•; :♦;;♦: :♦;'«: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:■♦; :■»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: *::■»■: :♦::♦; :♦:;•»; '^.^, ;«;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: :<►:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:* ■»:♦; :♦;■»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦">: >;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :»:*; •♦:,♦; !»:>: .*:♦; !»:>: !•::♦: fCff. :♦:;♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*•:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ,:♦"♦":♦:>; ^Ig^ON. ELIJAH BANTA, of Lamoni, one of the leading citizens of Decatur Count}', was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, January 5, 1823, a son of Peter A. and Mary (Voorhies) Banta, natives of Ohio. The mother died in 1828, and No- vember 29, 1829, the father settled with his family in Johnson County, Indiana, where he followed farming till his death, in 185 1, at the age of sixty-nine years. He reared a family of six sons and four daughters to maturity, of whom our subject was the ninth child. Only one brother is now liv- ing — William, who resides in Kansas. Eli- jah Banta, our subject, was married in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1846, to Miss Emeline Campbell, and a year or two after their marriage Mr. Banta again returned to Johnson County, In- diana, where he remained till 1865. In 1869 he was elected auditor of Johnson Count}- on the Republican ticket, he being the first Republican candidate for office ever elected in the county. In 1864 he was elected to the General Assembly of Indiana on the same ticket, being the first Republican elected from his district. In the spring of DlOGRAPtllCAL SKETCHES. 4«3 ♦ .♦. ♦»l «:♦. ♦* ♦:♦; ♦ :♦; ♦:* ♦::♦: ♦'♦■; .♦>; ♦ .♦; .♦* ♦>; .♦:♦; ♦>; :♦::♦; >;^ >:•) ♦ :♦! ♦ .♦. .♦!:♦; ♦;;♦; ♦ ■»: ^^ -♦>; >:>: ♦ ;♦: »; .♦.♦■; ♦ >; ♦,>: :♦.:♦; ♦:♦: ,♦ ,♦: ♦ '♦^ ♦>; >:♦: ♦ ♦: :♦,;♦; .♦::« ♦::♦! .♦:«! ♦.;♦: ♦.:♦; ♦ ;♦: .♦.;♦; .»*• >:♦: .♦.* ♦.:♦; :*:♦: .♦:♦! .♦:«i ♦;♦; >.;♦: ♦.'♦• ««: ♦:♦; ** ,♦.:♦; .♦.:«i >.*: .♦::♦•; ♦,;♦; .♦.:«! ♦::♦; ♦::♦: ♦::♦: ♦;:♦! ♦;:♦: *:*': ♦.:♦; .♦.:♦; .♦:;♦: ,♦:* >:♦: ♦"♦: >.♦: *;♦: ♦.♦: • '♦: 1865 he removed to Sandwich, Illinois, leaving Johnson County one year before his legislative term expired. He resided, in Sandwich until he became a citizen of Decatur County, his wife dying there May 14. 1S76, aged forty-nine years. He was again married November 29, 1877, to Miss Hattic E. Crosby, near Chatfield, Minne- sota, a native of the State of New York and to this union have been born four chil- dren — William Elijah died aged nine months ; Mary Crosby, Ethel May and .VI- bert JefTerds. Mr. Banta was the first president and manager of the Colonization Society, incorporated in 1871, and in the fall of that year Elijah Banta, David Dancer and I. L. Rogers, as agents for the " First United Order of Enoch," visited Decatur County, where they purchased about 3,300 acres of land, the object of which was the founding a colony of Latter- Day Saints, and in 1872 these lands began to be occupied. On coming to this county Mr. Banta first occupied himself in erect- ing several houses on the company's lands, remaining in charge of the company's in- terests as president until 1876, when he was succeeded by David Dancer. Mr. Banta first made his home in Fayette Township, on section 12, where he improved a farm of 240 acres. In 1882 he built a very fine residence in Lamoni, which he at present occupies, and in connection with his city residence he owns twenty acres. He also owns a fine stock farm of 800 acres in New Buda. In 1872 Mr. Banta took part in the political campaign as a liberal Republican, and supported Horace Greeley as a candi- date for President. In 1876 he avowed himself a Democrat, and supported Tildcn and Hendricks. Without his consent or knowledge he was nominated by the Greenback party on the county ticket for supervisor; this nomination was indorsed by the Democrats, and by the votes of the Greenback and Democratic parties, he was elected by a fair majority, running ahead of the State ticket. In 1883, though not being in full accord with the Democratic party on the li(|uor ticket, which had not then adopted the " Local Option " prin- ciple, Mr. Banta was nominated for and elected to the Iowa State Legislature, lead- ing in his own county the State ticket of his party 189 votes. He has now retired from political life, but against his will was nearly elected mayor of Lamoni in March, 1886. In the Reorganized Church of the Latter-Day Saints Mr. Banta is one of the most prominent and influential members, and is bishop's counselor. He is treas- urer of the Board of Publication of the Saints' Herald. Mr. Banta is of Holland- Dutch extraction. — ^!5>i^>^'«'<^ f- fW. LI LL.\RD, deceased, was a native of St. Louis, Missouri, born in the ' year 1820. He was reared a farmer, a vocation he made his life work. When fourteen years of age he accompanied his parents to Calhoun County, Illinois. In the spring of 1865 he came with his family to Iowa, and located in Decatur County, on the farm now owned and occupied by his widow. Mr. Lillard lost his life March 2, 1883, by the breaking of a derrick, with which he was drawing a steer from a well into which it had (alien. He was a man much esteemed in the township, and left many friends to mourn the loss of an oblig- ing neighbor. He was a devoted husband and father, and one to whom the needy were sure to go for assistance, his sympa- thetic nature making him a ready listener to their tales of distress, and his benevolent disposition making him always ready to give of his substance for their relief. In politics he affiliated with the Republican party. In religion his sympathies were with the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. > ♦ :♦ ♦, ♦ ♦, :♦:♦ ;♦ ♦ .♦.♦. :».♦: .♦.* :♦.♦: > ♦ > ♦ :•>; ■ >>: :♦>: :♦:♦ ;♦ ♦ >■> ;*.♦. ;♦.:♦: ** >:♦: :♦.;♦: ;*♦ :♦:,♦; ;♦♦ :♦.'♦: >':* >♦ » ♦ ♦ » > * > ♦ > ♦: ;♦♦ >:♦: ;♦;* :♦ ♦ :♦,♦. :♦:♦ .* * :*.♦ .♦:♦. »: ;♦.:♦: ;♦:♦: :♦♦: :♦♦' *-♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;♦: :♦♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦♦: ♦ » :♦ .♦' it > ♦' »:;♦: »:;♦: wM »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: ^^ >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: »"♦: :♦"♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:<»: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:»: ' :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: .♦:;♦: »:»; :♦;:♦: :•»"♦' :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: !»::♦: :«;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦"«: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »"♦: ;«:♦: >::♦: >::'»: :♦::« ;♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: »::♦: ":♦::♦; »; :♦::♦; ' »!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"« .;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: , :♦::»: !♦::«•: ■♦■:♦: '>:'♦; :♦: .^:*;'«; HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. Lillard was twice married. His first wife died leaving one son — Fenton D. May i8, 1856, he married Miss Harriet Jane Divird, daughter of WilHam Alexander and Eliza- beth N. Divird, her father a native of Penn- sylvania and her mother of Switzerland. To Mr. and Mrs. Lillard were born eleven children, six sons and five daughters — Lo- vina E., Florence Nightingale, Nevada J., Stephen A. Douglas, Sydney B., Frank M., Henry G., Virgil W., Floyd J., Ora E. and Grace. BICKNELL, proprietor of the City House, Pleasanton, Iowa, is a native jl* of Chester County, Pennsylvania, born October 18, 1834, a son of George and Susan (Moore) Bicknell. When he was two years of age his parents moved to Miami County, Ohio, and eighteen months later to Putnam County, Indiana, where he was reared. His father was a black- smith, and at an early age he b.egan to work at the trade with his father and an elder brother, George. In the fall of 1853, he removed to Knox County, Illinois, and lived in Walnut Grove Township four years. In September, i860, he returned to Indiana, and lived in Putnam County four years, then moved to Brownsville, Nebraska, where he lived until July, 1869, when he moved to Pleasanton, Iowa. He has been successful in his business transac- tions, and now owns 182 acres of land, six- ty-two acres being improved, and ten town lots. His hotel is the best in the place, the table always being supplied with the best the market affords, and the rooms being well furnished and comfortable. In addi- tion to his duties as host, he carries on his blacksmith and repair shop, where he is ready at all times to attend to the wants of his customers. Mr. Bicknell was married July 2, 1857, in Knox County, Illinois, to Miss Elvira Bradley, who was born at Akron, Erie County, New York, Novem- ber 20, 1840, a daughter of Nathan and Irene (Stowell) Bradley, who emigrated from New York to Hancock County, Illi- nois, in 1843. Mr. and Mrs. Bicknell have had eleven children, but five are living — Rosa Eustice, Ninne McKinney, Nellie, Jacob and Maud. George died in Indiana, aged seven months; Robert, aged nineteen years ; Anna, aged two years ; Maggie, aged twelve years, and Blanche and Elvira in infancy. Mr. Bicknell's grandfather, Robert Bicknell, was born in England, May 7, 1765. He had two brothers and one sister — John, born September 15, I7S5 ; Peter, born January 21, 1757, and Mary, born December 9, 1760. -^:'I^i^^f<5«f-. j^giflLLIAM L. McKEE, farmer and n'l stock-raiser, resides on section 35, - ;^ Richland Township, where he owns 140 acres of excellent farming land in a good state of cultivation. He was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, March 20, 1852, son of John and Mary A. (Bain) McKee, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Scotland, and of Scotch-Irish de- scent. They removed to Jefferson County in 1854, and a year later to Decatur County, where the father died, in 1864, aged sixty- three years ; the latter lives in this county and is seventy-six years old. Mr. McKee was reared on a farm, and has followed farming all his life with the exception of a few years spent on the river. When he first came to this county he entered and bought 500 acres of land from the Government. He was married January 10, 1857, to Mary J. Bees, born in Wayne County, Indiana, daughter of Peter and Mar}' (Berry) Bees, natives of Wales and England. Their liv- ing children are — John; Florence, wife of Isaac West of this county, has one child — William R.; William C, Virginia E., Fran- ►•*'v>'¥V:*.>>"*:*":«;>;>::c*:*;:c*"*"cc*::*:*"*;:c*"*:>;»>>;>^^^^^ »:>:>:»::o::c«;>:»::«»:»::c«:«::'»::*:>::c«:c«::c*>::c«:>::c«::«:c'»::c^^ ;♦::♦: :♦::■»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::<«; :♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :«::♦; %:« :<«:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :'*.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"«: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::«: :♦:>: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦;»; »;». :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: . %>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦ :♦::♦: :♦:>: »::♦: :♦::♦: 'ff;ff. :«::♦: >::♦: 'ft.'fk ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ■*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:!»: :♦::♦: :•»;»: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »-::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :•»::«: :♦» :♦::«: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :«::♦: ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦::♦::♦: :♦;:♦:•♦::*; BIOGR^WUICAL SKETCHES. 48.i .♦.♦ >:♦ :♦:>: >"«: :♦':♦' » >:* !♦♦ ;♦:> :♦;.♦. :♦>; »:»: ■♦■♦: :♦::♦: CCS O., Elma, Ella and Elmer (triplets) and Fann}'. The deceased are — Mary W., Ulysses G., Ulysses R., and Elmer. When Mr. McKce commenced life he had only $50. He worked eighteen hours a day most of the time for two years, running a mill. His two grandfathers served in the war of 1S12. A sister of Mrs. McKee's grandfather was stolen by the Indians and was never recovered ; her parents thought they saw her some twelve years afterward, but she could not be induced to leave the tribe. Her paternal grandfather served in the war of 1812. Politically Mr. McKee is a Republican and was formerly an Abol- itionist. Postoflfice, Grand River. He was postmaster at Woodland for four years. .»a«4a;®i©» K4-s*®ta:;♦: m :♦:♦; »! >.»: :♦:♦: »; :♦.>; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :«>: :♦::'•! :♦.:♦; *;♦: ;♦:♦: :«:>: :♦;:♦: :♦>: .♦:;♦: >"♦: *>; *>: ;♦>; ;♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦.:♦: >>: '.*■'.*: >>■ >* :*:♦: :*;♦; ;♦.:♦: ;♦•: :♦.:♦: >.'♦: *'♦: »♦: ♦.:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:.♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦">: '* * > ♦ :<■ ♦ :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;>; :♦..♦. :♦.;♦: :♦::♦; :♦.* :♦;♦: .♦:♦; ,♦ .♦. .♦♦; :♦■;♦: * ♦; :♦:♦: ;♦ ♦; »'•: *■♦: :♦':♦: '♦::♦: :♦::«: >:♦: * * * ♦ ^•^•♦■-♦•v**¥'*"*>>>>:'»:>"*:*/*:c«:'»::*:c*:*:*::*::*:*:«:c***:'^^ >:>;:*;>;>;»;»;ks3£ie*>:it:c«s:c*«30K'«»>::c*:»::::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::* >•>; :♦:>: >::♦! :♦;:«) :♦;:« :♦"♦; :♦::* >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:« >:;•« :♦;:♦; :♦::* >:»; >::♦: :<»::«3 :♦.:« :♦:;♦: :♦::* ;♦;:•«■: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::■« 'f.'.'H :♦:;♦: :♦::«; :♦;:•••: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦; :«:>: :♦::■« :♦;:« »::* :♦::« :«:«3 ;♦;;« :♦;;•« :♦::♦; •»::♦; :♦::•« :♦::« :*;♦: :♦;:•« :♦:;« :c« :♦;:•« »:« :♦;:♦: >;:« :♦:;« ;♦::* :♦;:♦; >::« »::«■: :♦::•« :♦::« :♦::« :♦;:■« »::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« »:!t3 :♦::« »::« »::« :♦::« :♦:»: »::« :♦::« :♦;:« »::« :♦:;♦: »::« »:;« :♦::♦; :♦:;« :♦::♦: *■* * >: :♦::•»; 486 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. at the battle of Kenesavv Mountain, in June, 1864. He was a brave soldier, and met a soldier's death. In 1865 Mr. Higbee moved to Center Township, where he resided un- til his death, December i, 1876. Of his famil}', two sons and three daughters sur- vive him. He was an upright, honorable citizen, and greatly respected in the com- munity in which he lived. W. MOFFET, one of the representa- tive citizens, and an old and honored ^* pioneer of Decatur County, now re- siding on section 16, Hamilton Township, is a native of Ohio, born on the Western Re- serve, in Trumbull County, February 9, 1824. His parents, Zelotus and Sophronia (Brockett) Moffet, were natives of New York State, the father being of Scotch an- cestry. They were married in Trumbull County, Ohio, and to them were born five children— Erastus, Alfred W., Wealthy Ann, Chauncey and James. In 1835 Zelo- tus Moffet removed with his family to Han- cock County, Illinois, where he died in September of the same year, his body being the first buried in La Harpe cemetery. His widow subsequently married Dr. Will- iam Smith, a native of Maine. She died in Henderson County, Illinois, in November, 1843. Dr. Smith served as surgeon in the Mormon Battalion during the Mexican war. He afterward went to Nevada, and was a member of the Legislature for that Territory. Alfred W. Moffet, our subject, spent his youth in working on the home farm. He attended school but thirteen months, but by study at home and close observation he obtained a good, practical education. He was married May 23, 1845, to Miss Lydia Ann Wright, who was born in Oswego County, New York, September 16, 1S26, a daughter of William and Mag- daline Wright. To her parents were born ;♦:* ♦::♦■■♦■♦"■♦;♦■:♦"♦■•■»"♦■♦"■♦-♦■:♦"♦"♦-> .♦■.♦:♦>>>>>"♦>>"♦"♦. ♦:♦ <• « .> nine children. The Wright familj' settled in Kane County, Illinois, in 1847, and in 1 849 removed to Whiteside County, Illinois, and subsequently settled in Decatur Coun- ty, Iowa. Eleven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Moffet, of whom only five are living — Mrs. Irene Madden, living in But- ler County, Kansas ; William, living on the old homestead ; Mrs. Mary Thomas, living in Fayette Township ; Joseph Judson, of Pleasanton, and Nettie L., a successful teacher, living with her parents. Wealthy Ann died, aged seventeen months ; Jane, at the age of nineteen years ; Saraph died in infancy ; James A., aged nine years ; Julia Ann, aged seven years, and Sophronia at the age of eleven years. Besides their own family Mr. and Mrs. Moffet have reared and cared for several orphan and friendless children. In 1840 Mr. Moffet united with the Mormon church, and was baptized by Elder Z. H. Gurley, but in 1846, owing to a difference of belief in regard to spiritual wives, which afterward culminated in polygamy, our subject withdrew from the church. In 1861 he joined the Reorganized Church of the Latter-Day Saints, when he was ordained an elder in that denomina- tion. In February, 1846, he removed from Hancock to Whiteside County, Illinois, where he lived till 1852. He then came to Iowa by team, before a railroad crossed the Mississippi River, and on arriving in Deca- tur County, located on the farm in Hamil- ton Township, where he has since made his home. He had but $9 in cash and his wagon and team when he landed here. His land was in its natural state, entirely unimproved, and here he experienced all phases of pioneer life. He frequently worked with his team for a bushel of corn a day, which could have been bought for 25 cents. His milling was done at Nine Eagles, Iowa, on a horse mill. Leon had at that time but one log house, the residence of Dr. Thompson. Pleasan- .* .ft >:>: :*'♦: :*>] > .-x :■♦!>; :«-» > **] >!>; >:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >^:«>: :♦;:*■; :>>•>; :♦>: :♦:♦: >:♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :•♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>) >::■»; :♦:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :«■;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: [♦;>: :♦:♦: >::♦: >:;♦: :♦::*, :«>;♦: :♦:>: :♦::* ;♦:>: ;«• ■»; ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;«•:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; >::♦; >.:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:*■ :♦"•«! :♦:■»: >;:♦: ;♦;;♦; >::♦; >::« >:>; :■♦::♦: :<>>: >::♦; »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; !♦::♦; '*:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: *::♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;>: >"♦: :♦::♦: :-»::♦: >;:♦; :'«•;«': :«::♦: ::♦;;♦:;♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 4b7 ♦ ♦; <■ ♦; ♦ .♦•; ;♦;.♦: »::♦: ;«::*: !*'::♦; :♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:>: •»;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•::♦; )»:.♦: »::«: »>: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:•♦•: :*:.*; ■»:♦: >:*: ;♦:;♦: »::♦: !»::«c »::♦: ;«:♦: :♦::«: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: w.v. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »::•: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: !»::«': :♦:;♦: *.*'. »:♦: ♦:.♦: ♦::♦; ♦:;♦" ♦:,♦; *:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::«: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: '*::♦: .'»::«': '♦::♦: ♦::♦: ♦. ♦: ♦;♦; ♦:•: ♦:♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦:♦; ♦:♦. ♦ ♦: <■ *'. ton was then unknown. Decatur County was then sparsely settled, the nearest neigh- bors in many places being ten and fifteen miles distant. The log cabin and log stable of pioneer days have been replaced by a good, substantial frame residence, and a large, commodious bam for his grain and stock, and where the wild-plum and crab- apple tree flourished is now a good orchard containing the best variety of fruits. The farm, which contains 167 acres, is now well improved and under tine cultivation. Mr. Mofifet has served five years as justice of the peace, has been a member of the School Board and county supervisor under the old law. He has represented the Decatur Dis- trict as elder of his church at the General Conference for ten 3ears, and has presided over the branch of this district about fifteen years. He baptized the first two that united with this church in this county, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Walker, and has given freely of his time and means for the Master's cause. -•-^65»»-^3»;^BK5. ♦: :♦. ♦: ;♦.♦: :♦♦; ^«0OC>^ I^EFINE HARVEY, of the lumber firm, Clark & Harvey, Davis City, is one of the Pioneers of Decatur Coun- ty, and has witnessed its change from a wild, uncultivated tract to its present ad- vanced state of flourishing towns and thrifty farms. He was born in Rutland County, Vermont, March 10, 1829, a son of Joseph Harvey, who died when our subject was but eight months old. When he was six years old he went to live with Joseph. Delver, of Franklin Township, re- maining with him nine years, when, wish- ing to sec his mother whom he had not seen in that time, he asked permission to visit her, but being refused decided to go without leave, and thus severed his con- nection with Mr. Delvee. When nineteen years of age he accompanied his mother to Richland County, Ohio, and three years later went to Erie County, and in April, 1854, came to Iowa, and settled on section 33, Burrcll Township, Decatur County, where he lived until the fall of 1880, when he moved to Davis City. Mr. Harve\ was married in Lexington. Ohio, to Mi;-^ *. ♦. ;♦;♦: ♦"♦: ■♦:♦: ♦'♦: .V . :•»■.♦! ♦ ♦ * ♦. >■ .♦; * ■«', '♦'*! * V ■V ' ♦ ♦ :♦'♦: .♦.♦; ;♦'.♦: *'*'■ ») ;♦♦: > *'. :♦ ♦, > ♦: » HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. -■ '> •■ > -»■■* :*;♦. ;♦::♦' :♦:* :*,^' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '■'*: !«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: Eleanor Blair, and to them have been born three children — Annie, wife of D. B. Guth- rie ; Ella, wife of T. C. Jackson, and Elvira, wife of James Leeper. In politics Mr. Harvey is a Republican. He and his wife are members of the church of United Brethren in Christ. His mother was mar- ried three times, her three children — two daughters and one son — being born to the first marriage. She came to Iowa to make her home with a daughter, at Os- kaloosa, and subsequently lived for a time with her son in Decatur County- She died at Oskaloosa, November 5, 1885, aged ninet^'-one 3'ears. ^I^ON. WILLIAM S. WARNOCK, a prominent and enterprising citizen of Burrell Township, is a native of Penn- sylvania, born in Beaver County, a son of James and Mary (Sloan) Warnock, natives of Pennsylvania, and grandson of Thomas Warnock and John Sloan, his paternal grandfather being of Irish ancestr}'. When he was six years of age his father died, leaving his mother with a famil}' of six small children — Caroline and Emeline (twins), William S., Mary, Elza and Robert. He was taken to the home of a sister of his father, Eleanor Crays, who located in Trumbull County and subsequently moved to Mahoning County, Ohio, where he was reared. His youth was spent in school at Lowell and Salem, Ohio, and having chos- en the law as his life work he commenced his legal studies with S. W. Gilson, of Can- tield, Ohio, a prominent attorney of that State, and was admitted to the bar in 1853, Ex-Governor Ford being one of the examining committee. He commenced the practice of law at Lowell, afterward moved to Canfield, and in 1855, on account of poor health and by the advice of his physicians, started for the West, intending to go to the mountains. He made the journey by rail to Cleveland, thence by water to Detroit, by rail to Chicago and Davenport. He visit- ed Iowa City and Des Moines, at that time a village, and from there went to Chariton, Iowa, where he taught a select school dur- ing the summer and fall of 1855. In the fall of 1855 he went to Southern Missouri, intending to teach, but on account of his political views, abandoned the project and returning to Iowa, located at Pleasanton, Decatur Count}', where for two years he engaged in the practice of his profession. He then went to Davis City and engaged in the mercantile business a year, being one of the first merchants of that village, but returning to Pleasanton made that his home until 1872. June 2, 1864, he enlisted in the war of the Rebellion, and was assigned to Company C, Forty-eighth Iowa Infantry, and served until October 21, 1864. his regi- ment being on guard duty the most of the time, at Rock Island. In 1872 he again moved to Davis City and became a mem- ber of the mercantile firm of Bowman & Warnock. In the fall of 1878 he was elected to represent his district in the Sev- enteenth General Assembly of the Iowa Legislature, receiving a majority of eighty- seven votes. After the expiration of his term of office he retired from public life and settled on a farm on section 34, Burrell Township, where he has since lived, devot- Hisfarm land, and his ing his attention to stock-raising. contains ^00 acres of good building improvements are substantial and commodious. His residence is surrounded by shade and ornamental trees, and at a convenient distance he has a fine orchard of bearing trees. Mr. Warnock is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity-. Remem- brance Lodge, No. 375, located at Davis City, and Leon Chapter, No. 33. In poli- tics he affiliates with the Democratic party. He was married October 2, 1856, to Miss Sarah Davis, who was born near Cynthi- *;♦. :♦::♦: >:♦: ■«:♦: >:♦: :♦;:♦; >'■* ,*;>; :♦:♦: >:♦: >;:♦] :♦;♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :••■:♦; :♦:>: :♦::•»•: >•*' :«■;>: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«•: :♦::•♦: >:>; >:<• :*■«: *;♦: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦:'♦; ;♦;♦; >:;•»: >::♦; '♦:* ;*>' .*:;♦: :>!•:■»; :<■::»: > ♦ ;♦::♦; *:* [<-■■»' ;«■:;<; :♦;;♦; :«::♦: >"♦: :*:*: ;«;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦; :♦::♦; :«::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; !«>::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦: »:.4>: •;♦;:♦; ;♦::«: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::■»: :♦::♦; :♦:»: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦;■« :<•:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :«:♦: ;«:♦: >::♦: - ♦: ♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦, :♦>: :♦♦: *:♦: :♦:♦: >:♦: !»;* ■«•■■♦: .«♦: :♦:♦; '♦:♦: :♦: ♦: ♦ » ♦ * BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 4K9 ♦:♦: ♦::♦: ♦ « ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦: ♦"♦: « ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: >::♦: :♦;•»; :♦>: !«':♦: I »: » ana, Pike County, Ohio, a daughter of William and Elizabeth Davis. They have had five children, four are living — Alice, wife of L. M. Severe; Viola; Lillie, wife of A. M. vSevere, and Blanche, wife of L. F. Siltz. Belle died at the age of two years. JSA.AC WILEV, farmer and stock-raiser, ^ resides on section ::2, High Point Town- ^ ship, where he owns 400 acres of land, and owns 160 acres in Clay Township, Wayne County, Iowa. He was born in Ireland, in 18 16; he came to America in May, 1840, and remained here eighteen months and then went back. He came again in 1850 and settled in Muskingum County, Ohio, and in 1853 came to Iowa and located in Jackson County. In 1868 he located in Decatur County, where he has since resided. He was married in Ohio, March 23, 1853, to Sarah J. Spicer, daughter of David and Catlierinc Spicer. She was born March 12, 1832. To tiiem have been born ten children, four are liv- ing—Martha C, wife of Littler Cox of Wayne County: Preston S., Wilson D. and Ora E. at home. Mr. and Mrs. Wiley are members of the Associate Presbyterian church. Mr. Wiley started in life in moderate circumstances. He is now one of the wealthiest men in the township. He is very highly esteemed in the neighbor- hood where he resides. -Ht>- -^-OH|MJ«- -<<** lEORGE W. MACHLAN isa nativcof Rush County, Indiana, born Novem- ber 13, 1832, a son of William and Elizabeth iStites) Machlan, his father a native of Ohio and his mother of Indiana. He was reared on a farm, but in his youth leained the carpenter's trade, at which he has worked in connection with attending to the duties of his farm. His educational advantages were limited, the district school being hisonl^' resource. In 1854 he came to Iowa and made his first purchase of land in Decatur County, and in the fall of 1858 moved his family to the new home. To his original purchase he has added 280 acres, and now has one of the most finely- improved farms in Southern Iowa, his landed estate numbering 505 acres. He is a public-spirited, inHuential citizen and a representative man of his township. He has served fifteen years as trustee, and also as clerk of his township, and has been one of the foremost in advancing the educa- tional interest. In politics he is a Repub- lican. His wife and family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was married in 1854 to Miss Elizabeth E. Mann, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Earlywine) Mann, of the State of Ken- tucky. To them have been born five chil- dren — William Allen, Homer E., Joshua Newton, Edna Aiuiis and Bertha Louisa. DMOND BARRETT resides on sec- tions 33 and 34, Eden Township, where he settled in 1866. His farm contains 160 acres. But few improvements had been made when he purchased it. A log cabin had been built in which tlic family lived four years. Mr. Barrett then put up a small frame house. He built his present house in 1885. He was born in Otsego County, New York, March 12, 1836. His parents were Benjamin and Polly Barrett, the former a native of New York and the latterof Pennsylvania. Thcpaternal grand- father came to this country as a soldier in Burgoyne's army in the da^s of the Rev- olution. The parents resided in New York during their lives. Edmond came to Mis- souri in 1859. He enlisted in the Third Missouri Cavalrv, and served with the ■•■ ♦ <■ ♦ V ♦ • ♦; 490 •'■'♦■**.>:>r**/*::**7*:*;s>:v:>:>':*:c*::c»"*::c*>r*>::cc^^^ HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. :♦>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >"♦; :♦•■« ■■■'.jj >::♦; >;:♦; >:♦; >:■♦: >::♦: :•*;;♦: :♦;:*, :«;:♦: :♦:;♦; ••<■::•»; :♦:.*; :<-;v: .v.->. ;*;:*: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦•:;♦; :*:;♦: >:;♦: :♦.;♦: :♦:* :*>; :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦;:* :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ':'.■ *: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦;:<•: :♦;■* :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :■»::♦; :♦:;♦: ■*■«: ;♦!:♦: ;♦;•*: Third and Seventh Cavalry for three j-ears, in active service the greater part of the time. At the close of his term of service he returned to Missouri and was married April I, 1866, to Martha Malone, daughter of Anderson and Melissa Malone, who was born in Mercer County, Missouri, in 1842. Her father is still living. Her mother died May 16, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Barrett have five children — Polly Ann, William A., John H., Frederick and Melissa. Richard E. died at the age of nine months. Polit- icalh' Mr. Barrett is a Republican. While in the army he received a gun-shot wound from which he suffered severel3'. ■•»>- -<¥i- riLSON HUDSON, general mer- ,,.,,, A /'( chant, Lamoni, Iowa, was born 1'^=^^ May 2,1842, atSummitville,Madison County, Indiana, a son of James and Eleanor (Colgon) Hudson, natives of Con- necticut and Ohio respectively. They com- menced married life on the farm in Indiana, where our subject was reared, the father dying at the old homestead, in 1884, aged seventy-three years. The mother still survives, being about sevent3'-four years of age. They were the parents of six children, of whom four are yet living — John, of Bond County, Illinois ; Thomas, living at the old homestead in Indiana ; Wilson, the subject of this sketch, and Joseph, of Dela- ware County, Indiana. Wilson Hudson was united in marriage in Madison Coun- ty, Indiana, November, i860, to Laura E. Kent, and in the autumn of 1864 he left his native State, with his family, for Kendall County, Illinois, where he followed farm- ing till the spring of 1867. He then re- moved to Lee County, Illinois, remaining there till he came to Decatur County, Iowa, in the fall of 1873, when he located on section 18, Fayette Township, on a farm containing 160 acres of almost en- tirely unimproved land, which he brought under cultivation. In the year 1874 he erected the largest barn in Fayette Town- ship, being 36 x 54 feet, with 16-foot posts ; this barn being destroyed by lightning Au- gust 31, 1876, but was immediately rebuilt on the same foundation. Mr. Hudson was bereaved by the death of his wife in the spring of 1879, ^t the age of thirty-five years, who left at her death five children — Ada, wife of J. F. Hopkins, of Fayette Township ; Oliver, now engaged in his father's store, is married to Miss Adra Kent; Ella, wife of W. W. Scott, a clerk in Mr. Hudson's store ; Hattie and Minnie, living at home. Mr. Hudson was again married in 1880, to Miss Emily Green, who was born in Jackson Count)', Iowa, a daughter of A. J. Green, late of Fayette Township, Decatur Count}-, now deceased. To this union were born three children — Frank; Jessie, died aged eighteen months, and Esther, died in infancy. Mr. Hudson sold his farm in Fayette Township in 1882. He established his present business in La- moni July 3, 1880, and carries a stock of everything needed for general family sup- plies, such as dry -goods, groceries, hard- ware, boots and shoes, crocker}-, etc., and by his strict attention to his business, he is building up a good trade and meeting with success. Mr. Hudson is a member of the Reorganized Church of the Latter-Day Saints. In politics he is a Republican. He has been a member of the council of La- moni since that city was organized. The grandparents of our subject, Mathias and Sarah Hudson, were both natives of Eng- land. On coming to America the}- first set- tled in Connecticut, and later moved to Pennsylvania. They subsequentl}- located in Ohio, the town site of Newton Falls, that State, being on their pioneer home- stead. They lived to an advanced age, the grandmother dying at the age of ninety- seven years, and to the end of her active *>::*:;«;*>:>:*>>;*;:«o;;cc*;>;>;»>;;*;;c«';>::cc*^^^ :♦;>. 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They reared a lartjc family, and now their descendants can be num- bered by scores. [AM OLDREY KINGSTON, farmer, Franklin Township, was born inDevon. shire. Ens^land, October 21, 1832,3 son of Richard and Grace (^CoUings) Hingston. In hisyouth he learned the carpenter'strade, at which he worked until twenty-one years old, when he left his native country and sailed for America, to fight the battle of life alone among strangers. His first perma- nent location was at Peoria, Illinois, where he worked at his trade a year. He then went to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he lived six years. He entered a tract of Govern- ment land in Minnesota, and also worked at his trade, but thegreater part of his time was spent in hunting deer, at which lie was very successful. In 1862 he moved to the southern part of Minnesota, where he en- gaged in farming until 1869, when he moved to Iowa, and lived a year in Afton, Union County, moving thence to Decatur Coun- ty, and locating on the farm where he now lives. His first purchase was 320 acres, and to this he has since added 498 acres, making one of the best farms in the county. It is well watered with natural flowing springs, ar.d is all under cultivation. In addition to his home farm he owns 400 acres of fine land, making his landed estate number i,- 218 acres. He pays considerable attention to stock-raising, making a specialty of sheep, having one of the largest flocks in the county. He has had no aspiration for ofliciai honors, but has at the request of his fellow townsmen served as pathmaster and school director. Mr. Hingston is one of the most prominent and influential citizens of DecaturCounty,his financial pros- ]icrity being the result of his good manage- ment and strict busines"? integrity. He is a stockhoklcr in the Weldon Bank. Weldon, Iowa ; made a $4,000 stock sale on the 19th of October, 1886, and has 125 head of good stockcatlle left. He has twenty of the best dogs in the county, and says he is go- ing to kill more wolves in the winter of i886-'7 than any other man in the State. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and in his religious faith is an Episcopalian. He was married in St. Paul, Minnesota, to Jane Rich Wyatt, daughter of James and Hannah (Rich) Wyatt. They have two children— Francis P. and Hannah Grace. fOSEPH PECK, farmer, section 4, was born in Lancaster County, Pennsyl- vania, June 13, 1831. When he was six years old he removed with his parents to Ohio and settled in what was then Rich- land, now Ashland, County. His father, Jacob Peck, died in Ohio in 1852, and his mother, Lydia (Binehower) Peck, died at the old homestead in Ohio, in 1877. Jo- seph was the only son of five children. He was married in Ohio in 1852, to Rachel Bosler, born in Huntington Count}-, Penn- sylvania, in 1828. Her parents were George and Deborah (Berry) Bosler. When she was seven years of age her father died. Her mother remarried, her second husband being Peter Whitright. After her marriage she came to Decatur County, and in 1870 her second husband died. He was a soldier of tlie war of 1812, and was eighty-five years old at the time of his death. In 1879 the mother removed to Illinois, and died at the age of seventy- two years. She had been three times mar- ried, and the father was twice married, the whole number of children being twelve. Mrs. Peck had two own brothers and two own sisters, none of whom are living. 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In na tional politics he is a Republican, but in local elections he votes for the best man, re- gardless of party. ;.\VID C. COWLES, one of the early settlers of Decatur County, resides on section 33, Eden Township. His resi- dence is on the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of the section. He set- tled upon the jjlace in 1866, though his house was one half mile west of his present dwelling. He came to the county as early as 1854. His father, Austin Cowles, was a native of Vermont, born May 17, 1793. He removed to Massachusetts, where he married Irene H. Elliott, and afterward re- moved to New York, thence to Ohio, set- tling in Lake County. He immigrated to this county in 1854, and settled in Hamilton Township. He improved a farm, and also erected a grist-mill seven years later. His two sons, D. C. and H. A., afterward added sawing facilities to the mill. During the later years of his life lie lived with his son David C, but died at the home of his son, H. A. Cowles, in 1873, aged nearlv eight)' years. His wife survived until May 4, 1876, being at the time ol her death in her sixty-ninth year. Austin Cowles was twice married. The one above referred to was the second wife. There were nine children who grew to maturity. David C. Cowles was born in Amity, Allegany County, New York, in 1836. He came to Decatur Countv with his parents when nearly eighteen years (jld. He assisted his father in building a log cabin on the farm in Hamilton Town- ship. Being naturally inclined to the use of tools, and having received considerable instruction in mechanical work, he com- menced to work in 1854 for William Davis, at what is now Davis City, in constructing a saw-mill, which was started Januarj' 10, 1S55. He operated this mill lor Mr. Davis for some time, and continued to work lor him for nearly three years. He built a house for his employer, which was the first frame house in Davis City, or in that part of the county. He was then engaged in milling near Princeton for about two years, for H. &. C. Armstrong. About the year i860 he put a grist mill on the homestead, and later attached a saw for the manufact- ure of lumber. He has been engaged in milling most of the time since coming to Iowa. He now owns a stationary mill, also a portable one. Mr. Cowles married Julia A. Smith, a daughter of John M. Smith, who settled in Mercer County, Mis- souri, in an early day, and died there in 1859. Mr. and Mrs. Cowles have four children — Olive A., wife of Monroe S. HuUenger, of Eden Township; Mrs. Sarah Eliza-, beth Kirk, a resident of Kansas; Delbert P., who married May F. Hall, and lives at home, and Irene B., wile of George D. Lillie. Alva A. died November 14, 1862, at the age of one year, nine months and twenty-seven days. David C. and Henry Austin are all of tiie family of Austin Cowles who live in this county. Mr. Cowles owns 260 acres of land. i AN I EL STEARN, merchant and "'" banker of Garden Grove, was born in Jefferson County, New York, April 12, 1828, son of George and Sophia (Baker) Steam, natives ol Vermont and New York respectively. Further mention is made of the parents in the sketch of A. B. Stearn. Mr. Stearn is a partner of his brother, A. B. Stearn, in the mercantile and hanking business, and they are farm- ing about 2,000 acres ■*'«: ■*. ♦ ♦ t v ». i» •» ,v, * » » V .,• » •. » V-. .«•, > . ^ <-, -x..^ T. .-r..^. .-r.*.>:>;>;>;:«:«; >::v.:c*"*.>: •♦"♦"<>>:'^.>"*\*"«*>>>^ .^ :♦::♦. :♦:>: :«iK :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: !♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: »:•« >::« :>:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;« :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« »>: :♦::♦: :«"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::« %;♦: s»::« :♦::* !«:♦: »;:♦; »::« :♦::♦; ;»::♦: :♦;:♦; *;;♦: :♦::♦: :«;♦: :■»::•« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;« :■•:.♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« .%:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :■♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !»"♦: !♦;:♦: »;:« :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: »::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: ■ :♦;:♦; >::♦: >:>: !♦;;♦: »::« :♦::♦: >::♦: '♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: !»::♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦: ♦;■& •*'♦::« -•:♦; 494 BISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. married in Decatur County in 1861 to Mary L. Simmons, daughter of Henry and Louisa Simmons, who was born in New York City, in 1838. They have one child, Har- vey, at home. fOHN H. HANSEN, M. D., one of De- catur County's physicians, and senior member of the firm of Hansen, Weld & Co., druggists, and also of the firm of Walker & Hansen, editors and publishers of the Lamoni Gazette, is a native of Den- mark, born June 14, 1847. I" 1857, his parents, Hans and Maria Hansen, came with their family to America, hoping to better their fortunes. After landing in this countr}' they proceeded directly to Pottawatomie Count}', Iowa, making their home ten miles east of Council Bluffs, where one child, Tenna, died in 1857, aged one year. The names of their children who are yet living are — Frederick, livmg in Shelby County, Iowa ; Dr. John H., our subject, the second child ; Mary, wife of P. H. Wind, of Council Bluffs; Oliver, now a resident of Oregon ; Sarah, wife of John Carlisle, of Pottawatomie County ; Ken- nedy H., engaged in teaching school in the State of Oregon, and Carrie and Juli- ette, still at home, all but the last three being born in Denmark. The family are all members of the Reorganized Church of the Latter-Day Saints, but in former years the fatiier was a Baptist clergyman. Doc- tor Hansen has seen much of life in Amer- ica. In i863-'4 he was on the Platte River, and in 1865 was with General Con- nors' expedition, in the campaign against the Sioux Indians. He was in the Government employ in ihc transportation department. He spent the year 1866 in Utah, Montana and Idaho, part of the time prospecting for gold, and in the summer of 1S67 was in the Black Hills. He spent the following win- ter with his father's famil)^ in Iowa, making his home with them till 1872, working on the home farm, teaching school, and attend- ing the high school at Council Bluffs. In the fall of 1873 he went South, spending most of his time in Kentucky, but visited Tennessee, Alabama and Florida. July 4, 1876, he was married to Miss Ann E. Turn- bow, who was born September 8, 1853, in Farmington, Kentucky, a daughter of Jef- ferson and Rachel Turnbow. Her mother is deceased. Her father now lives at Ful- ton, Kentucky. While in Kentuck}' the doctor attended the Linnville High School one term, and the Farmington In- stitute one year, where he completed his literar}- education. In the fall of 1880 he visited his old home in Iowa, where he taught school for two terms. In 1881 he entered the College of ^ Physicians and Surgeons, at Keokuk, Iowa, where he was a close student. In 1883 he graduated from the Kentuckj' School of Medicine, at Louisville, having made operative surgery a special study, and passing through a classical course. As before stated the doctor established his residence at La- moni in 1884. He is a gentleman of fine literary attainments, and in his medical pro- fession he is winning his way to a lucrative practice. When Lamoni was organized under a city charter he was made its mayor, but declined a re-election to the same office. Doctor and Mrs. Hansen are the parents of four children — Zenobia M., Audentia E., Hortense B. and Frederick J. fRANCIS ROSS, farmer, lives on sec- tion 33, Long Creek Township, where ^ he owns no acres of land. He was born in Pennsylvania in 181 1, son of Thomas and Catharine (Lephart) Ross, the former of Scotch and the latter of French ancestry. He is a great-grandson of the celebrated :»;:c*;»;:*::*;>>>>;;*:i»;:«*;;«»;;*;'*>>>>r^^^^^ >. .*. :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: WW. :«■::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:<►; •<►;♦; :*•:;■»: ;♦:,«■; :«:;«•; :♦:;♦: »::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :•»:.*; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :■♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:<•>: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦"♦; :♦::♦; :•*: *; :♦::«: :*•:♦: :-»::♦: !*:;♦: »:;♦: »::♦: »:»: »:;« :♦:;♦: :♦::* :♦:% »:»: »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« >::♦: »::«: »::♦: »::♦: {♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: w:* »::♦; :♦;:♦; »::♦: :■»::♦: (»:>: ;■»;:♦: :♦"'»: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::«: :♦:>: :♦::♦; [♦::♦: :♦"♦: :«:<>: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«•: :•»:>: :♦::♦: !»::«: ^::*; :♦::♦: »::♦: >::♦: ki»: £»::♦: s»:*: »::♦: »:;<*: !»;:♦: !♦:>: :♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦:■»; :♦;* >:•♦: :♦:♦: :♦;•»; *:•♦: :♦'♦' >>i > ♦; >>■ :♦::♦ ».;♦, >:>: >■* ;♦"♦! :♦;:«! :♦:♦! >.:♦; :♦>. :♦.♦: >.♦. »; :♦;* ;♦;♦; >:>: »; :♦:♦; ;♦:;♦: .♦* >,♦: ;♦..♦! >.* >.♦' ;♦.♦: >* ;♦,:♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦;* :♦"♦: >♦. '*.* >::« :♦;:♦; :♦:;« :♦:;♦! >::« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦. :♦:;♦: :♦:;« :♦::«; :♦:;♦: :♦;:«> :♦::♦! :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦ ♦: ;<■ ♦ ;♦.;♦. :♦.;* :♦::♦; :«:« :♦:;« :♦;:* :♦.:•! :♦::♦: :♦::« :«::«> >::« :♦.;♦: :♦:* ».>: :♦;*• :♦,;♦: :♦'♦: :♦:« ;♦.♦•: :♦:* !»::*: :♦;* ;«::«': :♦::«: :♦.* :♦::* :♦:♦: :♦:♦; ;♦>: >♦ > ♦' ♦ ♦ B/OGRAPIIICAI. SKETCHES. 4»r, George Ross, who signed the Declaration of Independence, and was one of the fram- ersof the Constitution of the United States; also one of the framers of tlie Constitution ofPennsylvania. Mr. Ross was reared in his native State, came to Iowa in the fall of 1846, and to Decatur County in 1S53. He was married in Pennsylvania in 1830, to Margaret Weaver, born in Adams County, Maryland, in 18 10, and died in 1S79, leav- ing six children — George M., Catharine, wife of Daniel Bryant ; Margaret, wife of Uriah Gordon : Thomas, married Jennett Blunt; Jacob, married Julia Coffee; Eliza- beth, wife of Darwin B. Cook. Mr. Ross held the office of justice of the peace and school director twenty-five years. He is a member of the Reformed Presbyterian church. Postoffice, De Kalh. E. CHASE, the present treasurer of Decatur County, is serving his ^* second term, having first been elected in the fall of 1883, to succeed J. C. Ganimill, and was re-elected in the fall of 1885. Mr. Chase has been a resident of this county since May, 1855. He is a na- tive of Putnam County, New York, where he was born in 1834. In 1855 his father, Lyman B.Chase, immigrated with his family to Iowa, and settled on a farm at Garden Grove, where he still resides. August 2, 1863, our subject enlisted in Company D, Thirtv-ninth Regiment, Iowa Infantry, and served until the close of the war. His regiment was attached to the Sixteenth Army Corps until the fall of 1864, when it was transferred to the Fifteenth Army Corps. Among the battles in which he participated was that of Parker's Cross Roads, against General Forrest. This was a very exciting battle, occurring December 31, 1862. The Union troo|)s upon this oc- casion were largely outnumbered, but they repulsed the enemy, upon whom they inflicted a large loss. Twenty-two hun- dred stand of arms were picked up on the field after the retreat of the enemy, and 600 prisoners were captured. After this battle the command to which he be- longed was stationed at Corinth, Missis- sippi, until November, 1863. He was engaged in the battle of Resaca, and marched with Sherman to the sea, partici- pating in the siege of Savannah, Georgia, and in the battle of Benton ville. North Carolina, thence to Washington, participa- ting in the Grand Review. Mr. Chase was in active duty during his whole term of service, having never been absent from his resriment from sickness or other cause. Af- ter the war Mr. Chase was engaged in farming, until 1873, when he was elected clerk of the courts, and served three suc- cessive terms. He was then engaged in the drug business at Leon, and still con- tinues his interest in that business, being a member of the firm of Chase & Van Wer- den. Mrs. Chase was formerly Julia R. Pollard, a native of Boston, Massachusetts. She was a successful music-teacher many years. ^"tT- H. FESLER, farmer and stock- ■ \/\/ r.niscr of Bloomington Township, t— _^-r; where he resides on section 30, was born in Noble County, Ohio, Decem- ber 25, 1844. a son of Elijah and Mar>- Ann (CoUedge) Fesler, the father a native of Washington County, Pennsylvania, and the motlierof Middlesex, England. The mother died in 1882, and the father is now living in Kansas, in good health, aged seventy-four years. They were the parents of two sons and ten daughters. The names of those yet living are — Harriet, Sarah J., Mary M., Thersia E., Elizabeth, W. H., Andrew. Min- erva, Josephine, Fidelia and Levinia. W. II. Fesler, our subject, left his native county at ;♦:♦: ;♦::♦; >>' :♦.>: :♦>■ »' >> :♦;♦: >>: >* >>: >>: > .♦ > ♦ > ♦ > ♦' :♦::♦: >:« ;♦:♦: :♦:♦: >::♦: >■* :♦,♦ > ♦ >:♦ :♦::♦; v% >;« :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: > ♦ > ♦. !* > .4 + '*■ > > ♦ > ♦ ;♦' :♦; :« ♦ '*■ ♦ > ♦ >.♦ ;♦;♦ >♦: >♦. >:>; »: >;♦' >::♦: >:♦: :♦:* :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :<' ♦ > ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦. »;♦; :♦::* :♦.:•; :♦.:♦ ;♦;:♦: >.* » ;♦-♦ :« * :♦,«» :♦..♦ :♦ ♦ > ♦ ♦ » :♦ ♦ :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« >:♦; :♦;♦ :•♦' :« • ;♦ ♦ ;♦;>: ;♦!:« :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: ?!?! :♦;■♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«: >:!»; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦!:'»: :♦>; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:':»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :«;:♦; :♦::♦: :«!":♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :'K:'»: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: Kf- :«:♦: !»::♦: ;♦;* :♦;:« :♦;:♦: :♦:»: :♦::«; :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::<*: :♦::♦: w.m :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *;■* :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :«>: :♦:»: :♦:>: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦!:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>; :♦:;♦; »::♦; :♦:»: :♦::<»: :♦:!♦: *:♦: »::♦: '*"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: '*:♦: »"4 ;»■■*•■:<>■<>•■»>■'«■.»'>.;;♦;;»' •»;■♦ ♦;:♦;:♦;:♦:>:;♦;:♦>::*:♦::♦:;♦"♦>"♦•» 49G HISTORT OF DECATUR COVNTT. the age of twelve years, his parents coming to Decatur County, Iowa, in 1856, and loca- ting in High Point Township, where he grew to manhood, receiving his education principally in the common schools of De- catur County. March 4, 1866, he was united in marriage to Miss Jerusha Van- derpool, a daughter of Daniel and Tabitha Vanderpool, of Decatur County. To this union were born seven children, six still liv- ing — William Riley, John Wesley, Elijah Newton, Julius, George Henry, Roy Irvin. A son, Charles Emett, is deceased. In 1868 Mr. Fesler bought eighty acres of land in Center Township, Decatur County, on which he lived six years, when he sold his land and bought his present farm, which contains eighty acres of well-improved land, under a high state of cultivation. He de- votes considerable attention to raising, feed- ing and dealing in stock, in which he is meeting with good success. He has a com- fortable residence, and commodious out- buildings for his stock. Politically he casts his suffrage with the Republican party. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, be- longing to Kellerton Lodge. He is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church. B. STEARN, merchant, banker and farmer, resides in Garden Grove, where, in partnership with his brother, Daniel, he is conducting the above named business. They have a general stock of dry -goods and groceries. Mr. Steam was born in Seneca County, Ohio, Septem- ber 6, 1830. His parents were George and Sophia (Baker) Stearn, the former a native of Vermont, and the latter of Dutch descent, her forefathers coming from Holland. They were the parents of four children — J. B., of Dakota; George, of Ohio; Daniel and A. B. Both parents died in Ohio. Mr. Stearn was reared to the occupation of a farmer. He came to Decatur County in 1854, settling in Garden Grove, where he has since resided, selling goods for G to the Daniel in con- :♦::♦: $*• »:>: .^"♦: :♦:;♦: .*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'fCfH :«:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦-?"' :«.♦: :♦>: :♦::♦; ;♦>: :♦:;♦: :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; ;♦:>: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;<»::♦: »: :♦:>: »; ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:!»: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::«; :♦::« :♦::♦; ;♦:>: >"♦: :«::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :«::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;•»:.>: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: .♦::♦: ;♦"« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::< :♦:>: :♦;;♦: »; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"'•; :♦;:♦: »:5»J r :♦:.«! :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦! :♦;:♦: K*"*:*:«:*::*::c«:*:*:*:»::*:»::*:;*::«;*:<»>>>:>>>:*>::«*;:^^^^ He first commenced W. Piper, and in two months he bought him out, added original stock and took his brother for a partner. They have a bank nection with L. P. Sigler, in Garden Grove, one in Leon, and one in Davis City. Be- sides banking and trading they have about 2,000 acres of land which they are grazing, and are carrying on a cheese factory. Mr. Stearn was married in Ohio, in 1854, to Nanc}' E. Sloat, daughter of Leander Sloat, and she was born in New York, in 1832. Their children are — George, Marion, Ag- nes, Amos and Lewis. Mr. Stearn has one of the finest dwellings in the county. It was built four years ago, at a cost of $8,000. He and his partner own 3,000 acres of land in this count}-. He is a man of public spirit, always ready to contribute liberally to an)- enterprise wherein the pub- lic may be benefited. In 1852 he took a trip to California. ■-^»^>^^>^i< -t- A. GATES, attorney, senior member of the law firm of S. A. Gates & Brother, was born in Athens Coun- Ohio, February 25, 1850, and was admitted to the bar at Leon, May i, 1875. He is a representative of one of the earliest families of Decatur County, his father, S. H. Gates, having settled in Center Town- ship in June, 1855, where he still lives. He was born in Athens County, Ohio, in 1850. He came to Decatur County with his father in 1855, ''^"d lived on the farm until he was eighteen 3'ears of age, when he engaged in teaching school for a period of two years In June, 1871, he completed his studies at the Leon High School, being one of four who comprised the first graduating class of that school. Three of this class were male BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 497 * ♦ :«• » :♦ ♦ ;♦♦ :♦.« :♦:♦ > ♦. •♦"♦ :♦> « » ••::♦: :♦'♦' ♦ « ♦ ♦ '«■'♦' :•♦:♦; >'♦, ;♦'♦ ♦ ♦ « < .4 * ♦ • ♦ ♦ ♦'♦; ♦ • graduates, all of whom are lawyers. A. F. WootirufT. of this class, is a leading lawyer at Bethlehem, Missouri, and T. W. Silvers was for a time county attorney of Bates County, same State, and is now an eminent criminal lawyer of that county, being an effective and impressive speaker. The lady graduate of this class was Miss Emma Jor- dan, now the wife of R. J. Critchfield, of the Weldon Hornet. Mr. Gates began the study of law in 1872, with J. \V. Penny, Esq., of Leon,who died in the spring of 1 874. He then continued his studies with A. M. Post, who was sent as consul to Cape Verde Islands. He completed his studies with N. P. Bullock, Esq. After being ad- mitted to the bar, Mr. Gates at once opened an office, and immediately entered upon a successful and lucrative practice. In June, 1884, he was joined in the practice by his brother, John N. Gates. November, 1877, he was married to Emma J. Springer, daughter of Rev. B. O. Springer, one of the early Presbyterians of Decatur County. Mrs. Gates is a native of Ohio, born Febru- ary I, 1S53. They have two children — Mary A. and Grace. Politically Mr. Gates is a Republican, and is influential in the local councils of his party. He is also an Odd Fellow, and member of the Knights of Pvlhias. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church at Leon. T P- SIGLER.— The Farmers" and • \ f Traders' Bank, one of the soundest rrtrO and most successful institutions in the State of Iowa, was established in 1869, by L. P. & H. C. Sigler. This was the first bank established at Leon. In 1871 the bank was merged into the First National Bank of Leon, with L. P. Sigler as cashier. In 1876 the latter and D. & A. B. Stearn, of Garden Grove, bought out the National Bank, and the Farmers' and Traders' Bank was started under the auspices of the gen- tlemen who have since controlled it, and began a successful business career scarcely paralleled in the history of banking in Iowa. At this time L. P. Sigler became cashier, and in 1881 was made president, a position which he still holds. Mr. Sigler, to whose excellent business capacity the success of this enterprise is to a large ex- tent due, has been a resident of Decatur Coimty about a cjuartcr of a century, hav- ing come in 1862. He was born in Marion County, Ohio, in 1S48. I lis parents were John and Huldah Sigler, the latter dying in Ohio while L. P. was an infant. The father remarried, and in 1862 removed his family to Garden Grove. He died in 1882. His second wife is still living. Previous to enga<;ing in the banking business in i86g, Mr. Sigler had been engaged as clerk for the Stearn Brothers, at Garden Grove. Mrs. Sigler was formerly Fannie B. Arnold, a daughter of Stephen Arnold. Mr. and Mrs. Sigler have one son — Ralph, born at Leon, in 1873. fOHN DUNBAR, an active and enter, prising farmer and stock-raiser, re- siding on section i, Bloomington Township, was born in Marion County, Ohio, May 31, 1839. His parents, Joseph and Mary (Kcpner) Dunbar, were both natives of Pennsylvania. To them were born four- teen children, named as follows — Benjamin, Betsy, Mary, Sally, Maria, Catherine, Hat- tie, Jane, Robert, Joseph, William, Lewis, John and Wesley. John Dunbar, the sub- ject of this sketch, was reared to agricultu- ral pursuits which he has always followed, and in his vouth he attended the district schools. In i860 he came to Decatur Coun- ty, where he improved a farm, which he afterward sold, and inirchased the farm where he now resides. In August, 1862, *♦ •■ ♦ 4 > :♦::♦: »:»: »::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦:>: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::« :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; »>: . :«;« :♦::« »:;♦: , :♦>: ;«;« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>: ;♦::« !»"« :♦::« :♦:<« ;♦:>; <►;:♦; :«:•«■: :♦':♦; :♦:'♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:»; :«•::♦. »:;♦: :«;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; •♦;;♦; .*;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦;:♦; :•♦:•♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :«;:♦: :<►:;♦: :♦::♦; •*::♦; :«;:♦; ;*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:«; :«■;;♦; :■>:»: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ■♦;:♦: ;♦:♦: :♦:♦: ■'■:♦: <■: 498 ;♦..♦; HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. || . . :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: »:»: :♦:;« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >"♦: »:;♦: »::♦: :♦:»: :♦:!♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :«■:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;»: :♦:'»: :♦:;♦: :♦;•»: :♦:•« :♦::'*': :♦::<»: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;'•;:♦: !*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:■»: :♦:;«: !•:»: :♦::♦: :♦::•«■; !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:'♦: !»:>: !»::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦:;♦: .♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: •»;:♦; >::»: :♦•.♦: J^ :♦::♦; :♦"♦; ;♦;:«! :••;:♦; ::♦::♦;;♦: ;♦;;•«:♦: he enlisted in Company I, Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry, and participated in the bat- tles of Chickasaw Bluffs, Vicksburg, Mis- sissippi, Red River, Fort Morgan, Alabama, Arkansas Post, Fort Esparanza and Fort Gaines, Alabama. He received an honor- able discharge at Davenport, Iowa, Sep- tember 15, 1865, when he returned to Decatur County. May 5, 1868, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Rauch, a daugh- ter of Anthony and Betsy Rauch. They have four children — Emma Frances, Laura Etta, Walter Edwin and Warren Anthony. Mr. Dunbar's farm contains 160 acres of highly-cultivated land, well improved, and in connection with his farming pursuits he is engaged in raising and feeding stock. He has one of the best farm residences in the township, built in a substantial manner, and surrounded with a grove of native trees. He has a commodious barn, 32 X40 feet, for his stock and grain. In politics Mr. Dunbar affiliates with the Democratic party. He is a member of Decatur Post, No. no, G. A. R. He is numbered among the representative citizens of Bloom- ington Township, where he takes an active interest in all enterprises for the good of the public. He is giving his children the benefit of a good education. LLIAM WALLACE BLAIR.— In eparing a record of prominent citizens of Decatur County, we feel that it would be incomplete did it not contain a sketch of W. W. Blair, who, although not a pioneer, is now one of her most influential and respected citizens. He is the fifth son of James and Fannie (Ham- ilton) Blair, and was born in the town of HoUey, Orleans County, New York, Oc- tober II, 1828, his parents moving to that place from Blanford, near Worcester, Massachusetts. His parents were both of Scotch-Irish extraction. Both his grand- fathers were soldiers in the war of the Revolution, and his father served in the war of i8i2-'i4. In 1838 his father, with his family, removed from Jamestown, New York, to Illinois, and settled near what is now the city of Amboy, being among the pioneer settlers of that region. Chicago, 100 miles away, continued for some years after to be their nearest grain and stock market. Schools were few in number and poor in quality, and churches were still fewer and very feeble. Society, although rude, was friendly and orderly. In that pioneer home W. W. Blair grew to man- hood, assisting in his youth to improve a farm and make a home. In 1854 he left the farm and engaged in commercial pur- suits at East Paw Paw, Lee County, Illi- nois. He passed through the financial crisis incident to the unexpectedly-sudden close of the Crimean war, and then again settled on his farm near Amboy. In April, 1859, he entered the active ministry of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, and for twenty-six years labored with success in Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsyl- vania, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, California, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Montana and Colorado. In April, 1885, he left the ministry and lo- cated in Lamoni, Iowa, and has since been identified with the editorial department ot the Herald publishing house. His chief object in life is to aid as best he can in build- ing up the interests of his chosen church, and he thinks he can reach more people through the press than the pulpit. He is a graceful writer, expressing his thoughts with his pen forcibly and effectively. As a speaker he is fluent and easily commands and holds the attention of his hearers. He is devotedly attached and loyal to his re- ligion, and is one of its ablest defenders > -> .♦.♦I >>! >:>; :♦:♦: *>; >.♦! :♦:♦! >;>: ;♦ ♦: *:•; ;♦::♦; :♦::•> :♦>: :♦::♦) :♦:;♦! :♦::* :«:*! :♦:♦; :♦:♦: :♦,♦; >::♦; :♦:;•! :♦;*' >:;♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦::♦■: > ♦: >•: ;♦.♦: :♦::♦•; :♦:;* :♦::«'; :c«i i :♦::♦) :«::« v:m :♦;:♦! :♦::♦: *;^ :♦::« ■MM ;♦:;«; :♦::♦! :♦;;♦; »::♦; ;•::♦; :♦:;•> >::^' :♦,:♦) :♦:;♦; 'M'*'. '.* •; ;♦>: ;♦.* >■■♦•: >..♦) :*.:•: >::«': :♦.;♦; :♦;;•♦! :♦.;♦; ;♦.;* »::♦: ■»:♦; ;♦;;«) :♦::•) :♦;:♦> :«::« :♦::♦; .*::♦: :♦.:♦: *♦■; ;♦.,♦: >♦: :♦::♦; :♦;»: :♦:♦: >♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦'♦: ♦ »: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 4it;i and most eminent advocates. Although he is conservative, holding that we ought now to have the Christian church the same as it was anciently in doctrine, organization, ceremonies, promises and spiritual gifts and graces, yet he is broad, liberal and pro- gressive, believing that all will be measured by their works rather than by their pro- fession. He is by nature one of the most kindly and courteous of gentlemen, a pleasant conversationalist, and one who easily makes friends and has few, if any, enemies. Mr. Blair was married December 25, 1849, to Miss Elizabeth J. Doty. To them have been born seven children, five sons and two daughters. AH are livingcx- cept one daughter, Fannie C. who died at Amboy, Illinois, in i860. •H^ -««* lEORGE REDMAN, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section 35, Long Creek Township, where he owns 600 acres of land in a high state of cultivation. He was born in the parish of Blackford, Somersetshire, Eng- land, November 17, 183 1, son of John and Hester (Ham) Redman, natives of Eng- land. He grew to manhood in his native country, and emigrated to America in 1852, first settling in Dyersville, Dubuque County, Iowa, where he remained twen- ty-one years engaged in farming. When he first arrived in this State he was em- ployed for a short time in digging a mill-race. He then went to Minnesota on a Government survey, remaining there sev- eral months, after which he returned to farming. He purchased some town lots in Dyersville, and traded them for a piece of land, then bought 160 acres of John Bailey. .Mr. Redman received $100 from the Gov- ernment for surveying, and $10 premium for good conduct. He added to his land until he had 240 acres, which he sold to Anthony Cramer for S9,ooo. He then, in 1872, came to Decatur County and purchased a farm oi ninety acres from the Russell family, and traded it to Stephen Strong lor the 600 acres where he now re- sides, giving $9,000 besides the land. Since that time he has been extensively engaged in farming and st(3ck-raising, sometimes feeding as many as 1 16 cattle of a season. He is making a specialty of handling short- horn thorough-breds, of which he has twenty-two head. He has twenty-two horses, 250 sheep, a fine flock of cotswold and some fine Foiand-China hogs. Mr. Redman was married in Dubuque County, March 17, 1854, to Miss Jane Bailey, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Paynes) Bailey, natives of England, where she was born, in 1835. They had six children, three of whom are living — Walter B., married Sarah A. Hamilton, daughter of G. A. Hamilton of Leon, and they have two chil- dren—Carrie and John. Frederick H. married Etta Hamilton, also a daughter of G. A. Hamilton, and they have three chil- dren — Lottie ; Frank G. and Teresa ; Rose Ella lives in Leon and is not married. Mrs. Redman died in November, 1867, and Mr. Redman was a second time married at St. Mark's Church, Mark, Somersetshire, Eng- land, in 1869, to Louisa J. Fear, daughter of the late Robert and Betsy (Cox) Fear, born in the same parish and county in 1844. Their children are — Cora V., George C, John B. and Benjamin F. Mr. Redman has served as school director, road supervisor, and many other school and township offices. He had an abscess^on one of his cheek bones about a year ago and became somewhat alarmed. He went to Chicago and con- sulted more than forty of the best physi- cians, every one of which unhesitatingly pronounced it a cancer of a malignant kind. Knowing that he had inherited nothing of the kind he was unwilling to believe it a cancer, and he Lallcd'on Professor Peck of .♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ > ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦ * .♦ « .♦ • ;♦ .♦ > ♦ v ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦,♦ :♦"♦ > * '.* * >:♦. .♦ ♦ ;♦.♦. > ♦ .♦♦ :♦,». :♦:♦ .♦ ♦. ;♦"♦: ■♦•■ '♦ ♦ '- ♦■ .*■ '♦ ;♦' ♦' .♦: ♦: :♦: :♦: * ♦; ;♦: ;♦; > .♦: :♦; ;♦. .♦ ;♦: .♦ :♦ :♦ ♦ :♦' ♦ :♦: * i 500 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. •'■•■''>■ >■-:■»: :•>::•♦: :♦:*: :♦::•»: >::♦: :♦"♦: :»::<•: :<>■>: /* f>. >:>: *'♦; ;♦::<■! :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :*::<■ >■■«■ ■*'.-: >':♦; Davenport, who examined it carefully and said it was necrosis or decayed bone, and made arrangements for performing a sur- gical operation, which consisted of making an incision over the bone, and after remov- ing the decayed bone and corruption the wound was dressed and readih' healed, and is now perfectly sound. Mr. Redman dis- played rare judgment in the course he pur- sued, a course that has characterized him through life. Most persons would have submitted to the judgment of the Chicago physicians, and given themselves up to the destroyer. His paternal grandfather lived to be ICO 3-ears old. There were in his family thirty-two grandchildren at his death, and ninety-five great-grandchildren, and four great-great-grandchildren. Polit- ically Mr. Redman is a Republican. Post- office, Fierce. ■•»=>- ^■J*^ fOHN Mcdonough is a native of Greene Count}', Pennsylvania, born July 14, 1820, a son of Richard and Ann (Mellon) McDonough, both natives of Ireland, the father born in County Ferma- nagh, in 1 791, and the mother in County Tyrone, in 1790. They were married in New York about 1814, and to them were born ten children, of whom John was the fourth. They located in Pittsburgh, Penn- sylvania, about the year 18 16, but shortly after went to Greene County, where they remained five or six years. They then returned to Pittsburgh, locating on Char- tens Creek, in the suburbs, about 1824. Both died in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, the father February i, 1840, and the mother surviving till May 28, 1863. John McDon- ough, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Pittsburgh and Allegheny City, receiving his education in the schools of the latter city, but on account of the limited circum- stances of his parents his facilities were not ver}' good. At the age of seventeen years he began working in the foundry of Kingland, Leightner & Co., and remained with that firm and their successors sixteen years, and in the meantime availed himself of the night schools, where he received a fair education. He had not been in the employ of the firm long before he was taken into the office, and was gradually promoted from post to post until January I, 185 1, when he was admitted as a partner, the firm being then known by the name of Bollman, Garretson & Co., iron founders. He remained with this firm till January, 1853, when he started a foundry in Alle- gheny City under the firm name of McDon- ough cS: Stewart. He sold out his interest in this foundry June i, 1854, to John D. Kilgor, and in the same month visited Iowa. He was so taken with the country that he entered a section of land in Jackson Township, Clarke County, where he now lives. He then returned to his home, but in the spring of 1855 came with his family to Iowa, where he found the house which he had contracted to build, Ij'ing flat on the ground. The family were obliged to camp in wagons, and although they endured many hardships they stuck to the place through the pioneer days, and are now liv- ing in comfortable circumstances, having a most beautiful home. Since coming to Iowa Mr. McDonough has devoted most of his time to farming and stock-raising, in which he has been very successful, owning at present about 500 acres of choice land and at times has owned much more. The quiet life of a farmer has had charms even for one who has been reared among the " madding crowd " of a great city, and engaged among the noises of manufacto- ries. April 12, 1847, Mr. McDonough was married at Brady's Bend, Armstrong Count)', Pennsylvania, to Miss Agnes Campbell, who was born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, February 24, 1823, :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::*. :♦:>: :♦::*" :♦::♦: ■#:>; ;<>:♦: ;♦:* ;♦;:«•: :<•;■♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;*: ■♦:s :*;;♦: :*::♦; ■♦;* >:* :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;*;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::■«: :•»::♦: :■»:;♦; ■»;>: ;*>' ;♦;:*. :♦.;♦: :♦;:•»: ;♦*; :♦::■♦: !■*>!«; ;*:>: :♦;;*' :♦;:«; ■»;>; «.♦; :♦;»; ;♦:>: :*;;♦; ;•*'*! '^:^. >:*; >■«•: ■♦.:♦; ;■*-:;■». :•»;:■»; :♦:;*' :♦"♦: :*":♦; ■>•.■»: ■*:♦: •» :v :♦::»; .*>.>; ■<►■♦; :«::♦; :♦:;♦: •»:,♦: :■♦..*•: :■♦;■♦; ..>-,*;*>"*::cc#>>>::c*:*:c*;»>:!»::*>>>:'*;*:>.. -- ^. ItN- m :♦::♦: ;^* »::♦; »:«! :♦::«! »: >:>: !»!:♦. :<^>: :♦::« *::♦: ♦.•♦t :«.:♦. »::♦: :♦;:♦; :«-♦: :♦>: »«« »::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦.♦; >::♦: I*::*: :♦:>; >::♦: :♦;:«: :•::♦; *:♦: »: :«.;♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;>: ■*:♦; :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦>: *:♦; !»:>: :♦.:'»: :♦::♦; '!*:>: :*>; >.:♦: >.:♦: :«.:«: »::«>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; /»::♦; :'»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦.* »;:♦; :♦::♦: »::« *»: »!:♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ♦ :♦; > ♦: '♦: .♦.:♦: :«:«: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 508 a daughter of James and Mary Campbell, who were both natives of Scotland, they coming to America about 1819. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Mc- Donough, all of whom survive — James C, of Dakota, was born March i, 1848, and married to Electa J. Hamilton in April, !8So; Richard S., of Hastings, Iowa, was born February 7, 1850, married June 18, 1879, to Kate Duval; Mary, at home, born August II, 1852; John, Jr., born Septem- ber 12, 1854, living at home ; Charles B., at home, born March 30, 1858 : Thomas Benton, at home, born June 8, i860; Ann Mellon, born June 26, 1862, and William C, born October 7, 1867. Mr. McDonough has for a number of years past been an en- ergetic advocate and worker in the cause of education. After coming to lowahc was elected school director, next justice of the peace, which office he filled a number of years. He next served as county supervisor two or three terms, then was a trustee of the Iowa Agricultural College at the time of the contract for the present building. During the late war he was Captain of a company of home guards in the Southern Border Brigade. He was president of the Clarke Coimty Agricultural Association, having purchased their fair grounds at a sheriff's sale, selling it in stock shares to residents who made it one of the very best in Iowa. He helped organize the Old Settlers' Association of Clarke County, and was its first president. In the fall of 1883 he was elected Senator of the Fifth Senatorial District (Clarke and Decatur) to the Twentieth and Twenty-first General Assembly, and is still serving as such, and is on record as a staunch supporter of tem- perance, and of woman's rights and suf- frage. Mr. McDonough is extensively engaged in stock-raising, giving particular attention to horses. Few men in Clarke County arc more widely known or more generally resjjccted than John McDon- ough. He has been active in the support of every movement calculated to pro- mote the general welfare of his township and county, and lias wcjn the confidence and esteem of all wiio know him. In his polit- ical views Mr. McDonough formerly affili- ated with the Whig partv, but since the organization of the Republican party has voted that ticket. Mr. McDonough is an active member of the Catholic church; he took a prominent part in the erection of the first Catholic church in Clarke County, at Woodburn. Though a staunch believer in the doctrine of his church, he has freely contributed for the erection of other churches, regardless of color or creed. fOHN NEWLIN, senior member of the mercantile firm of Newlin Brothers, of Woodland, established his present busi- ness December 21, 1885, in connection with his brother, James F. Newlin, with whom he is still associated. They carry a general stock of merchandise, consisting of dry- goods, boots and shoes, staple and fancy groceries, hardware, glassware and notions, and by strict attention to the wants of their customers, and fair prices and honorable dealings they have secured a good trade, which is steadily increasing. The Newlin Brothers are both enterprising business men, and by their genial dispositions have made many friends. John Newlin is a na- tive of Mercer County, Missouri, born April 18, 1846, a son of Henry E. Newlin, a prominent pioneer of Decatur County. His youth was passed on his father's farm, his education being obtained in the schools of Woodland Township, Decatur County. He was married in 1867 to Miss Parmelia R. Newlin, daughter of Benjamin F. New- lin, of Mercer County, Missouri. Thev have eight children — Edson B. Olds, Abel Augustus, Lyilia Bell. Ciirii' Ellen, Attic ,♦.♦ >>■ >:>; ;♦>; »! ». >>: ;•:>: :♦:♦; ;♦!:♦: :•;*: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦.;♦: :♦!:♦; :•:♦. >>■ :♦;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;♦: >:>; *;♦; :♦::♦. fi.'lti :♦::♦; ■•;>: :♦:;♦: *^ *« :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: >:;••? >::♦: :♦::♦; >:>: »: »: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: >»: >::♦: ;♦!>; :♦.:♦: >:>: ;♦:♦; >;:♦; >:♦: :♦;♦: ;♦.:♦; :♦.:♦; >::♦; ;♦;« »: :♦:»: :♦::« »: >::♦: >:♦; >:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::•; :«;«( »; itj >>: >■* ;«% :♦>; ;♦;>; ;♦;♦; :♦;♦: .♦;♦; ;♦;♦: *;♦: ,♦.♦. ■> ♦ > ♦ ;♦:;♦; >;;♦; v. V. 504 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. :<>:;♦: >>: :♦;:«•; ;«:>; !»::•« >:;* !»::♦; :♦;:«! ;«::* !♦::♦: f^i :♦::♦: »>: >::♦! ;♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::« :♦:•« :♦::•« :«:« :♦::♦: >;:♦] ?>:;<►; ;*:♦; :♦:;<>: ;♦:;♦; »::« :♦;;«» »:;« :♦::♦: :«:« ;♦::•« :«:•»: !«;♦: s>; :♦::♦: ;■♦::« »::♦: »::« ;♦;:♦; !♦::« :♦:>: :«:« »:<« !•-::♦: »::♦; &:'« »::« »::« »;:« »::« »;■«» ;«:« !»:;« :♦::♦: »:;« »::♦; »::♦; *::■« :♦:»! :«:«> :♦::« >::« :♦::♦; Ethel, Stephen Elmer, Evert Franklin and Lenny G. Mr. John Nevvlin owns a farm of eighty acres, two miles south, and a quarter of a mile west of Woodland. The first postoffice established in the township was at Woodland. It is located in the store of Newlin Brothers, John Newlin haying been appointed postmaster in June, 1884, and for his duties as such receives 100 per cent, of all stamps canceled per quarter up to $50, which amounts to about $80 or $90 a year. He has served his township as trustee and constable, and has been a mem- ber of the School Board. He is an earnest and active member of the Second Advent- ist denomination, and is clerk of his church. JAPTAIN GARRET GIBSON, of 'iW/ii Leon, has been a resident of Decatur ^n County since i860. His father, Lewis F. Gibson, settled in Mercer County, Mis- souri, in 1840. Captain Gibson was at that time fourteen years of age, having been born at Greencastle, Putnam County, in 1826. His father died in Mercer County, Missouri, in 1848. In 1842 Mr. Gibson hired to James Weldon, the first settler in the forks of Grand River, alter whom Wel- don River was named, and accompanied him to Des Moines. He was taking up a drove of horses to trade to the Indians, the last house they passed was on the farm known as the Powers farm, three and a half miles south of Leon, following an Indian trail to Des Moines. In 1847 Captain Gib- son enlisted for service in the Mexican war, in what was known as the Indian Battalion, Missouri Mounted Volunteers. He served as Second Sergeant in Company A, com- manded by John C. Grifhn. The battalion was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel William Gilpin, first Governor of Colorado. The battalion was in General Price's Divis- ion, in New Mexico. He participated in sev- eral engagements with different tribes of Indians. In an engagement with the Co- manches he was severely wounded. At the close of his term of service he returned to Mercer County, Missouri, and was shortly afterward married to Elizabeth Akers, a na- tive of Putnam Count}-, Indiana. They have three sons — W. C, U. G. and C. S. In 1854 he was elected county justice, and served until 1858, receiving his commis- sion from General Sterling Price, at that time Governor of Missouri. He came to Decatur County in i860. In 1861 Mr. Gib- son enlisted in the service of his country, and with James H. Summers, C. G. Bridges and C. W. Beck, raised a company' of vol- unteers to go in defense of his country, and on the organization of the company he be- came its Captain. Thecompan}' was Com- pany C, Fifth Kansas Cavalry, com- manded by Powell Clayton. He remained in command of the company until July, 1863, when he resigned on account of bad health. His company participated in the battles at Drywood, Morristown, Helena, Oakland, Pine Bluffs, and many other skir- mishes. His health is much broken by his services in the arm}'. After his return from the army he farmed for a few years, but for several years he has been employed by the Chicago, Burlington & Ouincy Rail- road as foreman of an extra gang, and has built ever 300 miles of fence for that com- pany. lORNELIUS DENTON WORDEN is a native of Dutchess County, New York, born May i, 1S55, a son of Jared N. and Maria M. (Dentor) Worden, and was but one year of age when his par- ents moved to Decatur County, and here he was reared and educated. He has al- ways given his attention to agricultural pur- suits, and now owns a good farm of eighty acres, where he resides, on section 16, :♦:♦; ;♦:♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦:>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦>; :♦:>; >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 5»::*: »::«■ '*;>: :♦:>; :'»::'^. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦:;« :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *::♦: :♦::♦; !»:>: "m. :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: !*f>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; W. ;♦.:♦: »: !»;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: »:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: »: »::«: :♦::«'; :♦>: sc* :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦>: :♦"♦; :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: »;:♦; »::♦: »::»: »::♦: !♦;;♦: :*;♦: »>: !»::'»: !«•::♦; :♦::♦; !»:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: »::♦: »>; 'SCit. !»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:.•« :«:« 'if:ff. ;♦:.♦! ;♦::♦; ;♦;:« K:«i !»:♦! !»:.♦: *;.♦■: »:.« »::♦: !»>; !»:♦: m !»: !»:♦; :*r«j *::♦! !»;♦: ■*:«! I*-::*: !»r«i »::«! gj »:m ^ »>: !»:■« K*\ ^w :•:«! .♦:♦: !»::♦: ;♦>; •»::« »::♦: [»::♦! k« (»::♦: )»:;»; (»::♦: m M .♦>! s* !»:.♦: ;♦::♦: ?=^ ♦::♦: V*! liJOGRAPUICAL HA ETUI EH. 505 Franklin Township. lie is a member of one of the pioneer families of Decatur Coun- ty, and an energetic and mdustrious citizen. He was married in 1877 to Miss Frances Eleanor Rogers, daughter of William \i. and Adelia (Starr) Imogens, of Washington County, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Worden have one daughter — Bessie. They are members of the Christian church. Mr. Worden is a member of the Odd Fellows order. In politics he affiliates wi'h the Republican party. »LVAH YARRINGTON, hardware merchant of Lamoni, Decatur Coun- ty, has been a resident of the Hawk- eye State since 1857. In that year he set- tled near New Oregon, in Howard County, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits for three years. Then selling his farm, which he had improved from a state ol nature, he engaged in business at New Oregon. Mr. Yarrington was the first to introduce in Howard County, the "Uni- versal Clothes Wringer." In November, 1864, he changed his residence to Hancock County, where he purchased 340 acres of land and opened up a farm, which he put under the best of improvement. In 1865 he was elected sheriff of that count}-, re- ceiving every vote but one which was cast in the county. In 1871 he disposed of his farm and engaged in the hotel business at Concord, the county scat, and also engaged in the general mercantile trade, and the following year he opened a branch store at Garner, in tiic same county. In 1873 he traded all of his property for farm property in Concord Township, and for two years he cultivated a farm of 320 acres, improv- ing the same and rt;tlizing a handsome profit. In 1875 he opened a hardware store at Garner, which he conducted about fifteen months, when he traded his stock for a farm in Harrison County, Iowa. For ten years he was successfully engaged in general farming in that county, raising stock and shipping to Chicago and other markets, and during this time he served ac- ceptably and efficiently three terms as magistrate. In August, 1886, he traded his fine farm property with Delos F. Nichol- son, of Lamoni, for his business block and hardware stock, when he removed to La- moni, and intends to spend the rest of his life among the good people of this city. As a business man and as an agriculturist Mr. Yarrington has made an honorable record. I le has been the architect of his own fortunes, having come to the Hawk- eye State in poor circumstances, but en- ergy and industry, combined with sound common sense and good management, have enabled him to succeed in life, and he is now possessed of a good compctcncv, and what is of still greater value, the confidence and esteem of all who know him. Mr. Yar- rington dates his birth in Erie Count}', Pennsylvania, September 3, 1824, a son of Alvah and Almira (Towers) Yarrington, who were born and reared in Canandaigua County, New York. They were cared for in their last years by our subject. Of their family of four children, three sons and one daughter, he was the second child. He was married September 6, 1846, to Miss Pruda Post, a daughter of Samuel and Mary Post, her mother now deceased. Mrs. Yarrington was born in Canandaigua County, New York, April 28, 1829. They have ten children living — Joshua, in Har- rison County, Iowa; Josiah, in Mills Coun- ty, Iowa ; Mrs. Anna Gilpin, in Harrison County; Mrs. Pruda Hunt, living in Idaho Territory; Mrs. Viola Robinson, of Clarke County, Wisconsin; Mrs. Adtlia Cushing, of Howard County, Iowa ; Mrs. Rosa Fuyua, of Harrison C: i» ♦: > *. ;♦::♦: :♦>: »i :♦>; :♦:♦: >:♦; !♦♦: *:♦. ;♦>: :♦.♦: :♦:♦: :♦ :♦: *♦: *♦: *"* >♦: :•">' *■♦: ;♦'♦; :♦:.♦; :♦;♦; ■*::♦: *::♦; ■♦:♦: y>'*'. .♦;♦! ♦ ♦; ♦' <■. ♦ *: ♦ *. ,♦;♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; *;♦: :♦'♦: ;♦:♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦::♦: »: ;♦♦: :♦♦. »; :♦ ♦: >:♦.' ♦'♦ .*;:♦■ ;♦:♦; ♦ ♦; >!♦! .♦:♦: >■ ♦: :♦:♦: »; ♦ «• ;*:♦: >:♦' >♦: :♦"♦' :♦ ♦! >'♦' *♦: :♦>' ;♦.♦: !♦>: !♦;♦: !^* ♦:♦ >■ >: .*'■*'■ :♦:♦: >:♦: S^ r* ,♦.♦. ;♦ ♦ ?* :•>: p. ^> ;♦:♦: > <^ ;♦ :♦:>: »: »: :♦;:♦; 1 1;^ 506 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. :♦::♦: *;;♦; :♦:♦; :♦:>: »: :♦;:♦; >"♦: >:>; >"♦: »::♦; >:>: :♦:>: :♦:>: *j^ :•»::♦: :♦;:♦; »: 'tCff. :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: »: :♦>; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >.:♦: ::♦;:♦: , »;:♦: ::♦::♦: :♦»♦: :»::♦: >::♦: :»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »>: »:;♦: :«;♦: ' '»: >::♦: TV.*: »: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦>: :♦::♦: »>: »:>: »::♦: :♦::♦: <♦;:♦; :♦::♦: !»::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦:>: »::«! :♦:>: :«:♦: »:>: :♦::♦: :«"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::«: »::♦: »::♦: »:»: :♦>: .!«:♦: :♦::«>: ;♦:.« :♦;;« »:»: :♦:;♦: »::♦; :♦::*: »: Saloma Ann are deceased, the former dy- ing at the age of fourteen )^ears, and the . latter in infancy. The children have been given fair chances in the way ot fitting them for the serious duties of life, and all are respected members of societ}*. Though yet on the meridian of life, Mr. and Mrs. Yarrington delight in being able to count twenty-five grandchildren. Both Mr. and Mrs. Yarrington have been members of the Reorganized Church of Latter-Day Saints. fOSIAH ROBINSON McCLEL- LAND, the oldest physician of Deca- tur Count)-, is a native of Monroe Count}', Kentucky, born December 15, 1823. In 1848 he began the study of medi- cine with Dr. J. B. Bell, now of Kansas City, Missouri, and remained with him until the summer of 1852, the last year being associated with him in practice. He then practiced alone a year, and in the spring of 1853 located in Decatur Count3^ Iowa. He was the first practicing ph3-si- cian in the county, and his friends among the pioneers are legion. He was married in Mercer Count}', Missouri, March 18, 185 1, to Amanda M. Rhea, a native of Ten- nessee. They have three children — Ettie May, wife of J. P. Hall, Edgar Bell, and Emma G. .>H3-^B§f^J-- JALVIN LATTA, one of the success- ful farmers of New Buda Township, and an active and enterprising citizen, was born in Ross County, Ohio, February 12, 1818. In the year 1820 his father, Moses Latta, moved with his family to Ohio County, Indiana, and there our sub- ject was reared to manhood, and was there married in 1846 to Miss Rachel Jenkins, who was born in Ohio County, August 25, 1824. Of the seven children born to this union five are yet living — Mary Ann, Moses W., Warren J., Stephen B. and John L. Two daughters — Martha J. and Sarah M., are deceased. Mr. Latta came to Iowa in 1847, and settled in Muscatine, Muscatine County, where he lived a year, when he bought a farm on Cedar River. In 1855 he removed to Akron, Harrison County, Mis- souri, and there followed agricultural pur- suits till October II, 1866, when he came to his present home, on section 14, of New Buda Township, which was the pioneer home of Francis Varga. Mr. Latta came to Iowa a poor man, and his present fine property has been acquired by years of persevering industry and toil, and he is now classed among the well-to-do farmers of Decatur Township, where he resides. His farm contains 240 acres, all but eighty acres of timber land being improved and under cultivation. In politics Mr. Latta is a Democrat. •»f>- is— -<=«.- ^:1LL A. BLAIR, of the firm of Blair & Bell, dealers in general merchan- 1^^/^ disc, at Lamoni, is one of the most active young business men of Decatur County. He was born at Little Sioux, Harrison County, Iowa, November i, 1862, a son of W. W. and Elizabeth Blair, of Lamoni. When he was about two years old his parents removed to Sandwich, Illi- nois, and there he lived till nineteen years of age, being educated principally in the schools of that city. He entered the office of the Saints' Herald, at Piano, Illinois, where he mastered the art of printing, and later he was a compositor on the Sandwich Argus. He graduated from the Valparaiso, Commercial College, in 188 1. July 5, 1881, he entered the employ of D. M. Osborne & Co., manufacturers of agricultural machin- ery, as general agent, leaving his home at Sandwich, IlHnois, for Salt Lake City. He ><>; m ♦♦< :♦::«! i*>^ *K *^ :♦::« :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: :♦:>: ;♦;;♦: >::♦. ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; »;:♦ :♦::♦ >;:♦: :♦;:«> :♦"♦: :♦::•»: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *;;♦< »::« :♦"♦: :♦::♦: *;* :♦::♦: ;♦>< :♦::♦. >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: >::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :'«:♦: :♦;;« :♦;:« :♦:.>: :♦::♦: :♦;;* :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: '*:^ :♦::« ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;« :♦:;« >:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦::« :♦::♦: »::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::« >:;'»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »-.♦.;♦;:♦: »; :♦:♦; ;♦::«; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: »•;:♦: !>::*: !»:.«: :♦::♦; :♦:♦: •♦::♦: !»■♦: >:>: ;♦:.♦: :♦::♦: >;♦: :♦:.♦: !♦"♦: :♦'♦: ;♦:.♦: ;♦;♦; )»:♦; ;♦:.♦) :♦>: !♦"♦! ♦ ♦: :♦:>: •»:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦; :*♦: :♦"♦; •»:♦: :♦:■♦: :♦;* :♦;;♦: :♦:♦: !•:♦: :•>: m :♦;♦; :♦;♦; »: !»::♦: !*♦: .♦;♦: >"♦: !»;♦: :♦:♦: »♦: !♦;♦: ^ .♦;:♦; .*:«: *:♦: .♦;>; :♦;;♦: >:>: !»:!♦: .♦::♦; >;:♦; ;♦;■♦: ♦;♦; '♦:♦; ;♦>; ♦> K* H>^ K^ ♦:♦: >:♦: >:» B/OGRAPHiCAL SKETCHES. 5(17 traveled for this company for thirty months through Utah, Colorado and Nevada, his splendid business quahlications, together with his energy and devotion to his em- ployers" interests, producing good results. U'ishing to settle down to a more quiet lite led him to relinquish that lucrative po- sition when he engaged in iiis general mer- cantile business at Lamoni, and the establishment of Blair ♦ <• ♦: .♦ ♦. ;♦;;♦; >::♦; > ♦: • ♦; .» ♦; •:♦: .«>; >>.♦; .*>: * ♦: >. ,♦: :♦ ♦: > + ;♦ ♦: >-.♦; ;♦ :♦: ;♦ ♦: ♦ f A* ;• ♦: ,♦;♦: •^ ♦; >■ ♦. •> * .'» ♦ :«.♦; ♦ ♦: * *: .♦.♦; :♦'« :♦:;♦; • '*: ♦ « :■»>: ■» «(■ • •; ♦ ♦: « ♦: .♦:•; :♦♦: :« ♦; * ♦; •» ♦ • ♦"♦♦■♦> » • ♦»":♦::♦::♦'' ■.♦>.♦>» > :♦::« :♦::♦: . >::♦: :«♦' :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;*< :♦::♦: :♦:':•■: :«:♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »"♦: »::'^. »::« - »::« ;♦::>« »::♦; :♦.:■« :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ;•»::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦::« »::« »::«: :♦;:« :♦:>; :♦:♦: :♦;;♦; »::♦: 5»:*' :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦.:♦; :♦::« :♦::♦; :•*"*■ :** >;;♦; :♦;;♦; :•;*■ :*:;« ;«•::♦; "'Vii ■■»; •"♦; ■■-♦; '■':;*; ->::♦: :«:;♦; ;■•« ♦::•« 508 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNT T. Mrs. Gilreath are the parents of five chil- dren— Hoyle H., Odette M., William L., James W. and C. D. Mr. Gilreath has held the office of assessor, township clerk, and school director. He is a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 464, Grand River, and in politics is a Democrat. He is an energetic, enterprising young man, of more than ordinary intelligence, and highly es- teemed in his community. Postoffice, Grand River. IHRISTOPHER OSBORN, one ot the old and well-known pioneers of Deca- tur County, is a native of Bedford County, Pennsylvania, born October 30, 1819, a son of Christopher and Mary (Grif- fith) Osborn, who were natives of Maryland and Bedford County, Pennsylvania, re- spectively. They were married in Bedford County, and to them were born twelve children — Thomas, Benjamin, Catherine, Christopher, John, Jacob, Abel, Peter, David, Wesley, Jane and Ann Maria. Christopher was the fourth child of his father's family. He passed his youth in assisting with the farm work, receiving such education as the subscription schools of that early day afforded. He left his native county at the age of nineteen years, remov- ing to Indiana County, Pennsylvania, and subsequently located in Lawrence County, Ohio. He was married May 8, 1842, to Miss Emerine McCartney, a daughter of William and Elizabeth McCartney, and of the ten children born to this union only three survive — Elza, a teacher, has taught school for several terms; John, living on a farm adjoining his father's, and Ruth. Those deceased are — Mary, Amy, Eliza- beth, Ann, Lincoln, Benjamin and Adeline. In 1857 Mr. Osborn came to Iowa with his wife and six children, making the journc}" bv team, and after being on tiie road four weeks they arrived in Decatur County, October 20, 1857. He at once settled on his present farm which at that time was a wild, uncultivated tract of land. He first built a log cabin, 16 x 18 feet, and began making improvement. August 15, 1862, he enlisted in Company I, Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantrv, and participated in the battles of Chickasaw Bluff and Arkansas Post. He was honorably discharged at St. Louis, Missouri, in April, 1863, when he returned to his home in Decatur County, where he has since followed agricultural pursuits. He has now a well-improved farm contain- ing 124 acres of highl3--cuUivated land, and the log cabin of former years has given place to his present substantial and more- imposing residence. He has a commo- dious barn and out-buildings for the convenience of his stock, a good or- chard well supplied with fruit trees and an abundance of small fruits. Mr. Osborn is a consistent member of the church of the United Brethren in Christ, which he has served as class-leader and steward, and in which he has been licensed to exhort and to preach. He is an active and public- spirited citizen of Decatur County, taking an interest in the various enterprises which have been of benefit to his township or county, and in pioneer days assisted in building the roads, bridges, churches and school-houses of Decatur County. He has served as township trustee, and for six years was a member of the Board of Super- visors, serving with credit to himself and to the best interests of Decatur County. W. DOOLITTLE, physician and sur- geon at Garden Grove, was born in opl* Elkhart County, Indiana, July 23, 185 1, son of Uri and Fannie (Warren) Doolittle, natives of New York. They re- moved to Howard County, Iowa, in 1855, »:♦! ;♦!;♦: Wf :♦::♦. >::♦! ;♦::♦; >;:♦; ?•* :♦:« tm HfM :♦»« :♦;:« »«♦ »>: »;:♦; »!:♦: :♦:;♦: »7d *>< :♦> w.d »:* :*:« w:m wM :♦::••! ;♦;:« »::« !»;:♦: :♦::« »;:♦; :♦::« WM !»>; »;;♦; ;♦:>: !»-♦; :♦;:« :♦;:« [«:♦: !♦:;« !♦::« >;;« :♦::«! !♦-* :♦"« »;:•« »;:♦! »::« !♦;;♦; »::♦: »;:♦; :♦::♦: ^ »:;♦: )»:■€ s»:;« :♦::« »::♦: !»::« -:*:;*;»>;:ccc«c«C€:«»:;cc*;>>;;c»;:c*:c*:;C't*^^ :♦:>: :♦::* >::«! :♦::♦! m p^ m ».;♦: >::^ ♦;«! ♦;«! >:♦; ♦:♦; ♦:♦; •*• ♦::« ♦:;«! ♦■♦; ♦.♦; .*♦: ♦ * .♦:;«! .♦:;«! :*M >::♦; >■«; >.:*. :♦::♦: :♦;*• :♦.;♦; :♦;♦: ;♦:♦; :♦.:♦; *-*\ :♦:.« :♦;:* ;♦::« :♦::* :♦:*• :♦;* :♦::«! :♦:;«! :♦::♦! ;•♦:* :«:«! ?i^ :c«i !»■::«! »::«! :«:;« :*;:«! ■*;«i :♦.;«! :♦::«! :♦::«( ».¥. ;♦;:* »::* :♦:♦' :♦ ♦: >♦: :♦♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:«! ;«::« !»::« :♦::«! :♦■* >'»: :♦ ♦: ;ni >>: :» ♦' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 009 where our subject was reared on a farm. He commenced the study of medicine at the age of twenty years, attended the State University of Iowa, graduated in 1875, and commenced the practice of his profession in Mahaska County ; from there he went to Van Buren County, thence to Decatur County, settling in Garden Grove, where he commands a lucrative practice. He was married in Van Buren County, in 1875, to Flora A. Wilson, born in that county, in 1854, daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth Wilson, natives of Ohio. They have two children — Guy W. aiul Don II. ^! '.* *. !♦.♦; !».;♦: :♦:»: »: > ♦. > ♦: '.*■*. >:♦; [•:♦: ;♦:;♦: !».♦' :♦.: *:* >>; > > > ♦ :♦ ♦ '/" * (•A ;♦,♦; '.* *' )*:♦: ♦■^ :♦« :•»;♦; :♦»■ >:♦: [♦;♦. :♦::♦: !♦:♦: :♦;•* :♦ ♦. »: >:♦. >>. ':^ >' i» <• r> * i!:*. ;♦;♦: *;* :♦;♦; ;♦ »: !•>: !♦.♦; !»::♦; !•':« !»:« :♦:* <»:*• *■:* ;♦:♦: !•':•: :♦"♦: :«:«: :♦:«! ■»;:♦: 510 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. ->:'♦: :♦;:«; :♦:;♦: >::»: :♦::*: ;♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;>>: *>; :♦;;♦: :♦;:■♦: ■»:;■«; :♦:;♦: :♦;.♦: :♦;:♦; >:;♦: ■»;♦: ;♦::♦: •♦•>: :♦:<>' :♦:* :♦"♦: :<•■•»: :♦"♦; >"->: :<•::♦; :♦>; ;♦:.*•: :»:♦: :■»;•»: :♦:'*■: •»:•»; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: •»;■»; :♦:♦: :■»:;*: :♦::»: :♦:>: ;♦;:»; :♦::♦: >:>: >•::♦: :♦;:♦: >;;♦; :♦:>; :♦:■»; :♦;■•; ■♦:;♦: >;:♦: ;♦:>: •»;:♦; :♦:>: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;•»:•»: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:♦; •♦::♦: ;♦::<►: :♦::<>' '♦!'•■< !*; *: ;♦' <•' ;♦:>•: >"♦; :♦:«: ;♦::♦: [♦"*; :♦;;♦: >::*: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;*; :♦::♦; ;♦:>: :♦:.«; :♦::♦: '♦;■«■: ;♦!»; >::<■: ;♦:«•: gratifying success. His father entered 1,000 acres of Government land, within two miles of Decatur. He was united in marriage August 20, 1865, to Miss Amanda Wray, who was born in Virginia, January I, 1843, 'in<^ to this union were born three children — John M., Nettie L. and Mary D., all living at home. Mrs. Houston's father, Daniel Wra}^ died during the war, and she came to Decatur County, Iowa, in 1861, with her uncle, James Ownby. Her mother now makes her home in Adams County, Iowa, she having left Virginia in 1867. Mr. and Mrs. Houston commenced married life on section 22, Decatur Township, where Mr. Houston lived till his death, which oc- curred September 20, 1878. He was a man of sterling worth, and was much respected by all who knew him, and his early death was a cause of universal regret. In his political views Mr. Houston affiliated with the Republican party. Mrs. Houston and her family still occupy the old homestead on section 22, which contains 190 acres of choice land, this being one of the most beautiful homes in Decatur Township. B^-G>-°- -^^-5- fF. BED I ER, section 33, Grand River Township, is one of the successful * and enterprising men of Decatur County. He is a native of Beaumont, Sur- Oise, France, born October 2, 1838, a son of John Francis and Mary (Baucheron) Be- dier, who reared a family of four children — Hercules, Louis L., Francis F. and Lou- isa, Francis being the third child. When he was ten years of age his parents came to the United States and located in Hancock County, near the old Mormon town of Nauvoo, and there his youth was spent on a farm, receiving a limited education in the common schools. When but a lad of six- teen years he started out alone in the world and first located in Kansas in what is now Coffee County, and was there during the wild and troublous times of the John Brown raids and border ruffians. In 1857 he returned to Hancock County and re- mained four years, when he went to St. Louis, and was there at the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. Being a 30ung man in the flush of manhood he determined to do battle for the cause of his adopted country and flag, and in response to the call of President Lincoln for 75,000 men was one of the first to volunteer. He en- listed April 23, 1861, in Company G, First Missouri Infantr\', Colonel F. P. Blair's noted resfiment. He was in the enp-asre- ment at Camp Jackson, and after serving his time was honorably discharged, and re- turned to Hancock Count}-. August 14, 1862, he again enlisted and was assigned to Company C, One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, Colonel J. G. Funda com- manding. He was with Sherman at his attack on Vicksburg, Arkansas Post, Chickasaw Bayou, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, with General Grant at the siege of Vicksburg, and in many other se- vere engagements and skirmishes. He was mustered out at Baton Rouge, October i, 1865, and discharged at Springfield, Illinois, and returned to Hancock County, where he remained until 1870, when he moved to Iowa and located in Decatur Count}-, three and a half miles northwest of Leon, in Center Township, where he lived until 1880, when he exchanged his farm for the one where he now lives, known as the Sanke}' farm, which is considered one of the best stock farms in Southern Iowa. It contains 740 acres of land, well improved, with a good two-story residence, built on a natural knoll, surrounded with shade and orna- mental trees, commodious barn and other farm buildings, orchard, feed lots, stock scales, and all the necessary conveniences for raising, feeding and handling stock. The farm is well watered with springs and >::c«»::»::c*L»:»>>::4i%:c«:cccc«:4£:«>:»::'i>::«>:>:^ .♦;»" :•»::♦: .■'..♦. ;*;:♦; ;♦:* :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; «:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :«£a >:;♦; *;♦; ;♦;:♦; ;♦;>; :♦;■•: :♦::♦; ;•♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: .'»;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: *:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:•»: :♦:>: »: :♦::♦: ;♦';♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: »:;♦: ;♦:'* ;♦:* ■*:♦; :♦;>; »::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«: :♦;:♦: »;:♦: !»:;♦: >::«■ :♦::♦; *!»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;« :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; >;>; ;♦;*: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦:»: :♦::*, :«::«:' :«::♦: :♦::«! ;♦;:♦; >:* ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; >:♦;;♦; ;♦:»;« *♦♦»«■♦ >»»» •m^^r- k:« !►:;♦: »::♦: !»::♦: )»::«> !»:« !»::*: »::« »::♦: !►;:♦: ■»:>: »:>: !•;:♦; W.W. »::« »::*: »::♦: !»::« )»:;« »::♦: !»;:♦: )»::♦: 55 »;:*: »:♦: *:♦: K>; !»::♦: K«; »>: »::♦: !»::♦: <»::♦: S^ »::♦: k:* ■(»::♦: »::« ■»;:♦: m m i !»::♦: !»"♦; !»::♦: »:*: Si*! '(»,.♦: !»;;♦: >!>: ■*;♦: I !»::♦: !»♦; ;♦♦! .♦♦: !• ♦: >,♦ BIOGRAPH/CAL SKETCHES. .".II running streams. Blue grass grows luxu- riantly, and there is an abundance of shade and shelter for stock in hot or ci)ld weather. Mr. Bedicr was married January 2, 1867, to Miss Rosctta Schenck of Hancock County, Illinois. They have a family of nine children — Julia, Florence, Louis, Fran- cis, Emma, Victor, Eugenia, Jessie and Fred. In politics Mr. Bedier is a Repub- lican. He is a member of the Grand .Army of the Republic. Leon Post, N(<. 251. fOHN E. LOGAN is the earliest per- manent settler of Morgan Township, and one of the earliest of Southern Iowa. He resides on section 12, where he settled in 1844. The Indians had not then been removed, and the county was then in a very primitive stater His postoffice was at Trenton, Missouri, forty miles away, and the postage on each letter was twenty- five cents, which was invariably demanded when the letter was taken from the office. Money was scarce, and but little silver with which to make change, and beeswax was used as a substitute, which was in good demand, at twenty -five cents a pound. A small grist-mill had been erected four miles below Princeton, Missouri, a distance of about twenty-five miles. This was of ver)' small dimensions, but much better than none, and was a blessing for which the pioneers were thankful. His dwelling was a cabin of hewe"«: ;♦"♦. ;♦♦' !♦ > !»,:♦: i»:>. J5 ;»:♦: :*>: »:♦ >• ♦ ♦ .».;♦ ;♦.;♦; *♦; <■ ♦ * » * ♦ i» ♦. ;*,♦ * *. y .> '.*:.■*. !♦:♦: :♦>: ;♦.:•;" >> » :♦;♦ * * * > :♦,♦: :♦.:♦: *:♦ ;♦.♦: .*.♦: ** ;♦.* «:•, !•:♦; »* *.♦' ■♦.♦) :♦>' >♦: *•: ;♦ ♦; :♦ ♦. :♦ •' :♦. ♦; :♦.♦: '♦*: :♦,;♦: > * * •: •» ► « * ,♦ >: * • :♦ ♦ * * .» ♦ :«* :♦'♦, :♦::♦:: :♦>: >::♦: :♦;:♦; '>::♦: :«:♦; :**" :«'::♦: >;:♦; :♦;;••! '*:;« ;♦;:♦; >:;♦: >;« :♦::♦: :♦;:*! >:;♦: ;*:>: :•»::♦; »::«5 ;♦::♦: :«:;« :•«•"♦: ':»:<»: >::«! ->:>; •v;>; ■«;♦: :->;:♦; •>:■♦■: :♦:;■« :*:♦; <>; >>: -••:*; >:*: ■ >;*: -:>; ■■;-;♦; :«:;♦: ;*•::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :«•;;♦: ;*;♦: :■>;;♦; :«•;:♦: :«•::♦; :»:;* :■»:'♦: •:■♦; ■•:* :■»:;♦; ;♦::♦: :•♦:;♦: ':•;;♦: .•■»: '•:♦: :«::»; >!>; :->::■>: <>;:♦: :>::♦; ♦::♦: ■:>; ■■:.♦; .»;:♦; :«:>: :•>;;♦; •!>::♦: ♦: •>.;♦; > ♦; ■■^^» -'■:♦: ■>"♦; ;♦::■« 513 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. having been converted to that faith in 1840, and his wife one year later. After the division of the church, they were iden- tified with the Southern Branch. Mr. Lo- gan has always been a liberal supporter of the gospel, and forward in all enterprises whose tendency was for the general good, having given $700 for the erection of a church in Lineville, about 1870, and a few years later he pretty nearly built a church in his neighborhood, which was named Logan Chapel. Still later Mr. Logan gave $200 for a parsonage in Lineville, Iowa, since which time he gave $50 for another church, and lately willed $2,000 to be, after his death, applied to a fund for the sup- port of worn-out preachers, and orphans of deceased preachers. Mr. and Mrs. Lo- gan have had ten children, four of whom are living — -James E., William N., Lydia C. and Margaret J. Mr. Logan was the first justice of the peace in Morgan Town- ship, serving six years. He married Miles A. Wasson and wife, which was the first marriage in the township. Just a week later he married Mr. Swanson and Miss Evans; and still another week later he married Elijah Mode. He has never sought office, nor accepted it when offered, except in the case above mentioned. In early life he was an old-line Whig, voting for General Harrison, in 1840. Upon the dissolution of that party he joined the Democratic party with which he has since been identified. fOSEPH SMITH, of Lamoni, president of the Re-organized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, was born in Kirtland, Lake (then Geauga) County, Ohio, November 6, 1832. His parents, Joseph and Emma (Hale) Smith, were united in marriage in South Bainbridge, New York, January 18, 1827. They re- moved from Kirtland to Jackson County, Missouri, and soon after was commenced the persecution of the Saints, which finally culminated in the death of both Joseph, Sr. and Hyrum Smith, at Nauvoo, Illinois. From Jackson the Smith family moved to Davis and Clay counties, and thence to Ray and Caldwell counties, Missouri. In Caldwell County Joseph Smith and others were arrested and thrown into prison. While awaiting the trial, his wife and her family moved to Quincy, Illinois, where the husband joined her in the winter of i838-'9. The Saints were expelled from Missouri by order of Governor L. W. Boggs. The subject of this sketch well remembers being pushed from his father's side, by a sword in the hands of a guard at the time of the arrest of his father. The result of the trial was in their favor, it being judicially determined that no suffi- cient cause existed for their arrest or de- tention, and all were discharged ; but persecution had done its work, and the Saints left Missouri. From Ouincy the Smith family moved to Commerce, after- ward Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois, in the spring of 1839. Commerce at that time was a very unhealthy place, and the Smith house was a hospital for fever- stricken patients. Every room in the house was occupied, there being at one time ten patients in one room. The mother and her children slept in a tent pitched in the yard, his father at that time being absent on a visit to Washington to place before the authorities the circumstances and facts connected with their expulsion from the State of Missouri. Our subject, then a boy eight years old, was employed in bringing water from a cool spring under the bank by the river to quench the thirst of the sick. He remembers with pleasure, that of all who were cared for at that time by his mother not one died. Joseph Smith, Sr., and his brother Hyrum were killed at :♦;;« ;♦;:« :♦;:« »::« »:;« »;:« !»::« »;:« :♦:;* :♦::« »:;« :♦:;« »::« ;♦:;« »::« »::« :♦::•«! 5»:;* ;♦:;« !♦>: ;♦:.« :-»:;« »:;« !»"« .«::<« :♦::«■: !»::« :♦:;«■: :♦::♦: :♦:;* :♦:;« >:;♦: :♦;:•« »:;« :♦;:* !♦::* >::«! *::« !»::« »::♦: :♦:•« »;:« !♦;:« !»:•»: !»::« !»:.■« >::« »::« :■••.■« :♦::* »::«! :->:;4i '^ m^ !»::'«) >::« :-»;;« .^::«: (»::* :■»::« !*::« (»:;* W', ♦:.« !♦::•«! 'iCi*. :♦:■« .::»~>:»> ..» >; . »,i»..»;> ;.»; .* :. » ;.»: »..» >:5E:c^^ ♦•*tf'«i«»- '^'^'^S^fiS^&'tftfi^^ ■♦:* i Hi m :«•:♦ »: *?^ ♦"■5 :♦>: >:* :♦:«! jo::* ■♦>J *5 ;♦::<•! :♦::« *i^ ♦> ♦::« :c« »::« :♦::« m :♦;:«! :♦;:« ^^ :♦;:« :♦;:* :«::« i i !»::« »;;«{ :♦:« »::♦. »:;« .«::« !»:;« !»::« »"♦: :♦;:♦; »::«! !*::♦: !•::*: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH EH. 5ia Carthage, the county seat ot Hancock County, June 27, 1S44. The widow with a family of three sons, and an adopted daughter, was left to care for herself. Her youngest and fourth son was born the fol- lowing November. Jo.seph being tiie eldest son was lier main reliance, and thus early in life was called to assume great respon- sibilities. Taking up the family history after his father's death, it must not be for- gotten that his mother opposed the ambi- tious schemes of Brigham Young, which opposition her son, Joseph Smith, shared. She would not submit, hence her position among her religious associates was a pccid- iar one. In the meantime the antipathy of the people against the Saints had increased into animosity, and in the spring of 1846 an e.Kodus of the Saints from the State of Illinois took place. Mrs. Smith did not ac- company the migratory host, but remained in Nauvoo until September 12, when for safety she fled with her family, taking pas- sage on the steamer, Uncle Toby, Captain Grimes, commander, for Fulton City, Whiteside County, Illinois. Here the famil)' spent the winter of i846-'7, and February 19, 1847, returned to Nauvoo, and moved into the hotel, the Mansion House, occupied by them before the father's death. This hotel Mrs. Smith, with her family kept, J(jseph being her chief help, until December 27, 1847, when she married Major Lewis C. Bidamon. a former resident of Canton, Illinois, with whom she remained as landlady of the same hotel, and also of one on a contigu- ous block o( the city, until her death, in April, 1879. Joseph .Smith remained with the family until his marriage to Miss Ema- line Griswold, October 22, 1856. She died in March, 1869, leaving her husband three daughters, all now living, and two arc mar- ried. His youth was passed amid trials, sorrows and aflliclions that would have embittered one of less noble character r^csrmrarK 'A.-nr^ir^M'trA .-A"VA-jric-A-i against the world. His life has been sad- dened by the events of those years, but his maniiood has not deteriorated, and it may be that the persecution of his family, which did not end with the death of his father, has had much to do with forming his char- acter. No semblance of intolerance has place there. The same liberty of action and thought he exercises himself, he freely accords to all. In religion, loyal to the faith of his father, he recognizes in every worker of good, a brother. As a citizen, no man outranks liim in his fealty to the Government. As a man, his character of honor and integrity stands unquestioned. At his stepfather's solicitation Mr. Smith began reading law in his sixteenth year,with Win. E. McLennan, a local attorney at law, which he continued, closing with a year's reading in the office of the Hon. William Kellogg, of Canton, Illinois, in i855-'6. Mr. Smith did not seek admission to the bar, disliking the practice of the law. He was chosen a justice of the peace in 1858, and was reelected in 1862: was a school director for the same period of time, served one term as alderman of the city of Nauvoo, and made an unsuccessful run for the mayoralty. In the year of i860 he be- came satisfied that it was his duty to take up the advocacy of the religion of his father, as understood by him, and into the faith of which he had been baptized by his father before his death. He felt called to this duty, and in April, i860, he, witii his mother, united with a number of others in a religious movement in opposition to the church in Utah under President Brigham Young. The new movement was called the Reorganized Cliurch of Jesus Christ of Latterdav Saints, and was at its begin- ning composed of those who were mem- bers of the church liefore the death of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, and who, like Mr. Smith and his motlur, would not ac- cept the dogmas of Brigham Young and ^^ssssss^^ssisggstE^r >::« !^ i^ !♦:«( :♦;:* :♦:«! :♦:«! !»:«« i^ :♦;» ■fCft, <•:::♦: >?! :c« :c«i »::« :♦;•:•( ■»:«! :♦;:♦( :♦:«! :«>: !•:« :<« 'fCM yuM :«::«! *5*i :♦:«> :♦::* !♦::« m *>; :♦:«! i !»::4i »:^ ■*:* *•« :♦:«! :♦::•( »•( !•?:♦: :♦::♦: !»:»: !»::♦: !»::♦: »:>: :♦::♦; !»;>: !«:« »;:♦; s>; H» :♦!!<•: »;:♦; »::♦: :♦:%' !»;:♦: *;* :♦::♦; ;♦>; ♦;:»: :♦>; !»::♦; !»:;«: !»:;♦: »: !»::♦: :♦::♦: »"♦: !♦:;♦: »::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"'»: :♦::♦; '*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*>; :♦:>: »::♦: »::♦: »>: !♦:♦ :♦:♦; »>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; »;:♦: :♦>: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: Hid :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: »■:♦: ♦:♦! »;:♦; »::♦: :*:♦: :♦::*: ?»;:♦: :♦:>: :*:;♦; :♦:;♦; »::«; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; !»:;♦: :♦;>; :♦:•♦; ;♦;;♦; !»:»: !»::♦; ;♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:•»: :♦:>; :•♦:;♦: (^* .«::*: 514 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. :♦::«■ the church in Utah. At the session of Conference in April, i860, there were about 150 members represented. Mr. Smith was cliosen and ordained as president of this Re- organized church, and still presides; there being now over 400 congregations and a membership of nearly 20,000. Mr. Smith was appointed editor of the Hirald, the church organ, in 1863, but did not take active charge until 1866, when he removed from Nauvoo to Piano, Kendall County, Illinois, with his family, and assumed the editorial control, which he has held unin- terruptedly to date. Mr. Smith's wife died at Piano, and within the year after, he mar- ried Miss Bertha Madison, who shares his home with him now, with three sons and two daughters. They occupy a very fine residence a short distance west of Lamoni. During Mr. Smith's stay in Piano he served several terms on the Board of Trustees of the town, and for three years as a justice of the peace, elected by the people. He removed from Piano to Lamoni in Oc- tober, 1881, accompanying the office of the Herald, removed at that date. In politics Mr. Smith was first an Abolitionist, then, as a consequence, a Republican, but is not a politician, being engrossed in his religious pursuits. From his fifteenth year he has been a strong advocate of the temperance cause, and an uncompromising opposer to licensing the sale of intoxicating drinks, and has lectured in many places in the tem- perance interests. Of Mr. Smith's church work, it may be said, he early conceived the idea that the original faith of the church organized by his father and others, in 1830, was true and defensible on good and honest grounds ; that polygamy and its kindred evils were not properly a part of the faith of the church, and that it was nowhere set forth in the published documents of the church during his father's lifetime ; that these obno.xious features were an after- growth for which the original church and faith were not responsible ; he was bap- tized into the original, but not into these hurtful and untrue dogmas. Acting upon this hypothesis, he has persistently opposed President Brigham Young, John Taylor, and the Utah church, in public and private, and with his co-workers in the faith has made all the efforts possible to set the matter straight before the world. He has taken more than a casual interest in the nation's perplexity, the Utah problem ; has twice visited the Capital of the nation in efforts to draw the lines of demarkation be- tween the primitive faith of the church and the polygamous perversion in Utah ; and in 1885 he spent si.x months in an active mis- sion in the interest of his people and faith, in Utah, Montana and Idaho, among the adherents of the polygamous theory, with excellent success. He has, with others, labored diligently, and congratulates him- self that he has seen the church over which he presides grow from a handful, obscure and unpopular, into a body of persistent workers of man}' thousands of honest, hon- orable men, known and loved by their neighbors and loyal to their countr3\ pLIJAH MENDENHALL, farmer, re- |0 sides on section 22, High Point Town- er ship, where he owns 2 10 acres of land. He still lives on the same farm where he first moved when married. He was born in Rush County, Indiana, in 1828. He came with his father, Samuel Menden- hall, to Iowa in 185 1. His father remained until 1865, then went to California. His mother. Amy (Stephens) Mendenhall, was killed by lightning in the year 1861, in Wayne Count)', Iowa. Mr. Mendenhall was reared on a farm and his educational advantages were limited. He was married in Wayne Count}', in March, 1858, to Eliz- abeth J. Cox, daughter of Samuel and Han- >::c»::::«:c€3EX?F!i;?r«;c>:»>3>>:»::«:«L«:«»::cof:ctui^^ :♦;♦: :♦::■♦•: !»::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: >;:♦: ;♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: »:>; !»:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;»; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: >:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« ;♦;:♦; :■»:;♦: »:;*': .♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;.*; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: •»;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; ;♦:;♦: Wi :♦;:♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: »:>: :♦;:♦; >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; >::♦: ;♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: .*;;♦; >;:♦: :♦>; ;♦;•♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦; :♦;;♦; .♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; »; *;♦: :♦;>; :♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: >;:♦' >::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:>; ;♦:;♦; >;:♦; ;♦;:♦: ■*>; , ., :♦:;♦: „ . :s3K>zcc*>:>: »"« »::« !»:;♦: !»:;« »::« !»:♦: w:m :♦::«! »:* »:;«! MM »: »::« :♦::♦: :*:>: !«:« :«::« !»::« <»: »>: :«:''*! »::«; !»:♦: »:;♦' :♦::« >:>: :♦:■•: :♦::«: S* »>: »"« !»:'« »:;«{ w:m »::♦: *::♦: »: »::♦: ;♦::♦: m :♦"*: >::♦: >::♦: »:♦: :♦:♦: >::'»; :♦::♦: :•>: :♦::* :♦::♦: m W.'iK W.V. :*::«! !»::♦: :♦::♦: !»::«! !»::♦: ■*:'♦: •»::* ^* Eft M m BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 51 n nah Cox, natives of Ohio. She was born in 1838. Their children are — Laura, wife of Jason Bennett, living in Decatur Count}', Kansas ; Mary, Samuel, Franklin and John. Both arc members of the Methodist Kpis- copal church. When Mr. Mcndenhall first started in life for himself he had only five- dollars. He got his first start by breaking prairie. He broke the first eighty that was entered in High Point Township. He made most of the rails on tiic farm that was entered by his father. There were only four families in the township when became here. There was neither school nor church. He put up a log house with a puncheon floor, and had to go to Pittsburg, a distance o( 100 miles, to get his milling done. He is a man of the strictest integrity of char- acter, his word being considered as good as his note. Politically he is a Democrat. ■«««jeiWSi®* k4— »^Sn2VSOTb<- fOHN B. McCLEARY. farmer, nurs- eryman and stock-raiser, resides on section 14, High Point Township, where he owns 280 acres of land, well stocked, with 'plenty of good water, and commodious buildings. He was born in Richland County, Ohio, December 7, 1830, a son of Isaac and Sarah (Barhan) Mc- Clear)-, natives of V'irginia and Maryland. The father was born t'ebruary 20, 1802, and died in High Point Township, August 17, 1871. The mother was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, August 12, 1805, and died May 8, 1876. They came to Jefferson County, Iowa, the 4th day of June, 1838, where they lived until the spring of 1857, when they came to Decatur County, where they passed the remainder of their lives. Mr. McCleary went to California in 1850, remaining there sixteen years, devoting his time to mining. He was successful enough to purchase 200 acres of the land that he now lives on. He was married to Miss Nancy Hale, May 18, 1854, in El Dorado County, California. They had two chil- dren — William J. and Albert L., the eldest living in Colfax, California, the youngest at home. His wife died July i, 1859. He came to Decatur County in October, 1866, and September 9, 1S69, was married to Miss Mary L. Hitchcock, who was born in Richland County, Ohio, July 6, 1836. They had two children; both died in in- fancy. Mr. McCleary has held the office of township clerk two years, that of assessor one year, school director (our years, secretary of the School Board six years, and is the present incumbent. He was elected justice of the peace in 1876, which office he still holds. He has been treasurer of the Decatur County Mutual Insurance Company since October 26, 1881. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Temple Lodge, No. 170, Gar- den Grove, Iowa. When a boy he advo- cated the Free-Soil doctrine, and when the Republican party came into existence he identified himself with that party to such an extent that his lather disinherited him, he being an old-line Democrat. What Mr. McCleary has he has made by his own energy, and through his integrity and zeal he has come to be one of the representative men of the county. -J -;>t>i^>^r«;«:- — H |LI M. LOWRANCE is one of the pioneers of Decatur County, and re- sides on section 9, Morgan Township. He entered 160 acres of land as soon as it came into market, and settled upon it March 3, 1853. He still owns 120 acres of the original entry, also 120 acres on section 16. There was considerable timber on the land, mostly hickory. There are but two others now in Morgan Township who had made settlements wiieii Mr. Lowrance ■■-*i :*:* !«<« :«M yak ko iMi !•:;« :♦"*■ »::« !»::4i m. WW ■f>:* k«^ :♦;:«( ;♦::« :♦::«( V::« »::« ;♦:*■ I i :♦;:<( • % ;♦"♦: :**■ :♦;♦; :«"♦! ;♦::« »: ;*;:«! :<« :♦:>: *i :c« i»5"i wA I .♦:« :♦:.* m :♦:« m :■>;■:«; f*:;v: !»:<■>; »:♦; !♦•;•*: :•«•;»•; »;:♦: *';♦; :♦:•*> :♦::'« »: :♦!♦: :♦>: *:;♦: :«:♦: •♦"♦; !ti>; :♦>: !»>: »•::♦: »::« :♦;;♦; :+::*; :«•:-»; :♦>: :♦::♦: :*:■»: :♦::■♦; »>: :«■*: *>: ;♦::*; »«::« <♦;:♦; :♦"♦; ;*:;♦: »;:♦; :■»;:♦: :<>:•»; :■«■:•« !«;♦; »::♦; »::♦! »>: !•"* !♦>; !♦"♦: »:;♦: :c*: :*■:« :♦;:♦: :♦;:<»; 5*::*; :•»>: :♦:>; :♦;•»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;«::♦: !»-•«! >::« :♦>: :♦'* :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; *♦ :♦::♦: !••>; :'»::« ;♦-♦: <»::♦: hs :♦;;« !♦>: !♦;»; vM »:;♦; ♦•♦ :♦;.♦' >::♦; ;»::♦: !»::♦: :♦"♦; !»;;♦; .■♦♦>>»:;«>'«C«C««««»!»!C»!rS5«»;.».>-..*.».*^ 516 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. came. The following incident shows the condition of the county when he settled here: About April i, 1853, Mr. Lowrance was notified to attend court as a grand- juryman. The court was held in the timber on Little River bottom. The court-house consistedof a shed of the most simple kind. It was made of stakes set in the ground with forks for the support of cross-pieces. The roof consistedof brush covered with prairie grass; no sides nor flooring. The jury room was a neighboring corn crib. Such was the manner in which justice was dispensed in those early days. The following incident may be of interest: A. J. Evans had been elected State's Attorney in the fall of 1852. He was a little late in putting in an appear- ance upon the occasion just mentioned, and the court had already begun the work of the session. Mr. Evans apologized to the court for his tardiness, but was met by the prompt and rather sarcastic reply, " It is all right, Mr. Evans, we are getting along very well without you." Mr. Evans was a young man at that time ; but notwithstand- ing his delinquency upon the occasion men- tioned, he became quite eminent as a lawyer, and was a highly-respected citizen of Decatur County. Mr. Lowrance was born in Middle Tennessee, February 8, 1828. His grandfather, Jacob Lowrance, was a native of Ireland and came to Amer- ica before the Revolutionary war, in which he took an active part. After the war he married and settled in Georgia, and after- ward removed to Tennessee. The father of our subject, Josiah Newton Lowrance, is still living m Tennessee, at the age of ninety- nine years, having been born November 17, 1787. He has been twice married. By his first marriage he had seven children, four of whom are still living. Eli M. was reared in his native State and married Martha Doggit. He came to Davis County, Iowa, in the spring of 1852, and the follow- ing spring to this count)', as before stated. For his second wife Mr. Lowrance married Allina Carmene. Politically he is a Demo- crat, as were his father and grandfather before him. Soon after his grandfather's marriage he purchased a drawing-knife and a hand saw, which he gave to his son, Josiah N., upon his marriage, who in turn presented them to his son, Eli M., when he married, and the latter has given them to his son, Francis Marion. These imple- ments have been in the family considerabh' over a centurv. in harness a native of Stafford- EORGE DERRY, dealer and saddles at Lamoni, is England, born in Stafford, shire, July 18, 1824, a son of Charles and Amelia Derr}'. His father dying when he was but eighteen months old, he was cared for by his maternal grandmother, Rebecca Little, and at the age of ten years he was apprenticed to learn the harness-maker's and leather-manufacturing trade, and prob- abl}" no other man in Iowa or in the West has followed this business as long as he. He has been engaged in the manufacture of leather goods, at intervals, for fifty-two j'ears, working eight years in London, and also at Walsall, England. In 1846 he was married to Miss Louisa Wheldal, who was born in Derb}', Derb)-shire, England, in 1822, and to this union were born seven children, of whom two died in England. Those living are — Charles H., Moroni and Arthur, all living in Antelope County, Ne- braska, and Ada Louisa and Bertie George, at home, the two eldest being natives of England. Mr. Derry came with his family to America in 1856, landing at Boston. They came West by railroad, and thence to Council Bluffs by wagon. He first located at Fontanellc, Nebraska, where he took up a homestead, remaining there about eight years. He then followed harness-making i»f, .V. :♦:■*; :♦::«•; :♦::*: »::« :«.% :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; »::«': »;:« :♦;!»: :♦"♦: *:*■: .«:•♦: :♦;■♦■ :♦::<■: :♦::♦: ;♦:;■♦; .*:*■; :♦;;♦: :♦;:■»: :♦;:♦; *;:♦: m. :♦;;*: >::♦: .<►:;♦; :♦::»: :♦::♦: :♦:;«•: :♦::*: >::f »•::<•: :♦::«■■ :♦:': :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;>: !»;■»: :♦:■•■■ ;♦::■.■ :♦:;•;. ;♦::♦; ^. m 'U :♦'• ;*:: :♦::< :♦;;<■• '^.- >:: ■ :♦::» :*> :♦;.< :♦:-: !»■-'" ;*: >■ :♦;:* .*::■■ :♦>: :♦::*; :♦:'<: :♦;: s»::<: ;■»::•> Y.f. ;♦::♦: :♦::<■ :♦:.- :♦:< "ifi.Si.: :♦:>. k tUM !»:♦: !»•::♦: w:m W.M W.M i»x«i !»:;« v:m W.'M w:m mM W.'iH W.M w:m W.M W.M WM W.M W.M »>: »>: WM ».:« !»::«! »:>: !»•:«! &* !»:«! »::♦: »>: WM »>: K»: »:;«! »::« »:« k:« k:*v W.M WM w:m K:«i KM »:;«! »:;« 14 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 517 at Fontanelle until he removed to Lamoni, Iowa, in the spring of 1880, when he estab- lished his business at tliis place. Mr. Dcrry has prospered since coming to this country, owing to his persevering energy and indus- try, and is one of the well-to-do citizens of Fayette Township. He owns his business property at Lamoni, and a good home and sixty acres of land under g> !♦ • > »•. :♦ > (♦.:* !•;♦: > ♦ > ♦ !«•> /»:♦ !»:♦: ;*<■ !♦ *» ■|»:« i»> ;♦> ;♦;♦. ;•> >■,♦ (♦>: >:♦■ >:♦ ;♦> :♦::♦ »: ;♦:♦; !♦::♦: !•:♦: !».;♦ ;♦<*• :♦>: :♦-♦; » !»:♦' »! :♦.:♦, i»> :♦::♦. >:♦; !♦;:♦: (»:> I*!'* :♦*■ ;« ♦ >.,♦ [♦ < ;*' ;♦ ♦ :♦•> (♦.^ i»> >■* ;♦;«. :♦> i»* •»:.* ;♦' ■».« :♦> »:.♦ *:<•: »:♦: w.*. K>' »>: »> »::♦: Wo )»' 5-. .«-,.*. :♦::♦::♦:: :•»:»: »::« :♦:;■»! :♦::♦; :*■::♦: »::«>: :♦::♦: :-»:•« :♦:•« :♦::♦: :♦:•« ;■♦::«; :■*;*•: ;♦::♦•: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >■:;♦: :♦::♦: >;;♦: >:■♦: :•»;:♦; ;♦':*. :♦::« !»::♦: :♦:;♦; !»::♦: .*:»; :♦;:•»; :♦;:•« ■»:« :■»•::■»: :*::•« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::■»; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: •♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::'»: :♦"«; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :«"♦: ;♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::»: :♦;•*: :•»::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::* >;:«■ :♦::♦: :•♦■>: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; ■»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦"♦: ?*"♦! :♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦:•«• '(»::♦: !♦;>; :♦::♦: :■»::♦; :♦:•»: :♦:;«■ :♦::♦; !♦"«) !♦::♦: :♦:•♦: :♦:>; :•>:<• :«!♦; :*>: » <^ ♦'♦"♦>-«:-^*:**:>:»::c»r*:«:c*:«s:c«:««»:«:*:«*>:«« :»::«»;;«:cc«»:*k«iR>:i«:**>:*>x»:^ 518 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. native of Ohio, and the}' have had twelve children. Two sons and seven daughters are living. Mr. Bellomy enjoyed very good health until 1874, when he began to fail, owing to hard work, and for three years he was an invalid. He has now re- covered a fair degree of health. His wife is in the enjoyment of excellent health. Mr. Bellomy commenced life a poor boy, but by hard work, energy, perseverance and economy has acquired a comfortable home. -a ^cils^ ^ .♦..<■. :■♦■;>; :♦:;♦: :♦::•♦: :<«i»; ff:ii. :♦:.« >::'^ »::•«) !«■;:♦; :♦;:•« ;♦::* :♦::♦; >;>: :■»::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦! :♦;;♦; >:>: :♦::«; :♦::♦ :♦;:«, :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦; ;♦;;<§ :♦.:♦. •»:;♦: >;:« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::« :*::« :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: i^^ ■»;* »;:♦: >.:♦; >::'•! :«::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; >;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:»>: :*::♦: !»;;♦; >::♦; ff:ff. :'»::♦: :♦;:«>: >::♦; *:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::* >::♦: !»::«: :♦;:♦: :♦::* :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: !»::♦: !*::«; :<»::♦: :♦::■♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :*::«■ [♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦',« ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:*■ ;♦:* :♦;:« :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;« !»:■♦: Miss Mary Jane Thomas, daughter of Samuel Thomas, now residing in Morgan Township. Mr. Rudibaugh has three children, all married — Icie, wife of Benton Barr ; Charles L., on a farm in New Buda Township, and Nettie, wife of J. A. Kea- ton, of Washington Territory. Mr. Rudi- baugh was elected county commissioner in 1873, and served two terms of three years each. In January, 1881, he had the misfortune to lose his left eye, which broke him down so as to incapacitate him from doing but little work. He still lives on his farm, and does his work by hired help. ^>-l35>-«>— ^|> — =>-«>->- fOSHUA B. BELLOMY, farmer, sec- tion 24, Decatur Township, settled in Decatur County March 31, 1856. He purchased his farm of Adam Aden The only improvements that had been made was the erection of a log cabin, and five or six acres under cultivation. All other im- provements have been made by Mr. Bel- lomy. He has 406^ acres in a good state of cultivation. He built his present resi- dence in 1874. He also gives considerable attention to stock-raising. Mr. Bellomy was born in Gallia County, Ohio, April 25, 1823, but was reared in Scioto County. His father, Elliot Bellomy, was a native of Virginia, and died when Joshua B. was nine years of age. His mother was left with four children. For a second husband she married Jacob James, and is living in Council Bluffs, Iowa. Mr. Bellomy learned the trade of a blacksmith, which he fol- lowed until he came to Iowa, in 1848. At that time he and his brother, William, set- tled in Muscatine County upon a farm, where he lived eight years. He then sold out and came to this county. His brother William is a successful farmer in Bates County, Missouri. Mr. Bellomy was mar- ried in Ohio, to Miss Ethelinda Bibby, a R. ARCHIBALD HAMILTON re- sides on section 28, Eden Township. He has lived in Southern Iowa since the fall of 1853. His father, William Ham- ilton, was a native of Kentucky, where he was reared and married, to Ellen Smoat. After marriage he removed to Hendricks County, Indiana, and was one of the early settlers of that county. He lived there until the fall of 1853, when he removed to Appanoose County, and died at Center- ville, in 1855. His wife survived him un- til 1878, when she also died at Centerville. They had five children who grew to ma- turity — James, Archibald, Tersa J., wife of C. P. Brown, of Centerville ; Nancy, wife of John Campbell, and David ; all are liv- ing in Centerville, except the doctor. Mary died at the age of sixteen years ; Martha, Thomas and John died in infancy. Dr. Hamilton was born in Hendricks County, Indiana, August 24, 1835, where he was reared upon his father's farm. He began the study of medicine in 1862, at Centerville, with Dr. N. Udell, and at- tended lectures at Keokuk, taking a full course at that Institution. March 8, 1862, he enlisted in the Seventeenth Iowa Infant- ry, and was at once made hospital stew- ard, and accompanied his regiment in that capacity until May, 1863, when he was transferred to the Seventh Iowa Cavalry, ♦ ♦♦♦«♦*•♦»♦ ♦'»■♦■♦"♦'!♦ ♦! ♦ ■■»♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦« ♦.♦!>;;♦!,♦;.♦; ♦ ■ ♦" '♦" ■♦"♦"♦' '♦"'♦: :♦' :♦: :♦' :♦: >: ♦: :♦' ♦' ♦ :*:♦: >:>: »! !•;>: :♦::♦: ;♦>! :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: -io: >::♦! :«:>: :♦::♦: »; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:>: :♦':♦; :♦!* >::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦; ;*:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; s».»; »:♦: »! :♦:>: ;♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: ':»::♦: >::«': !».:'*': ;♦;;♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: !•::♦: :♦::•: »::«: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:«! :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦;♦: :♦::•: »:m :♦::«: :♦.:♦: w.w. :♦:;♦: ;«::♦: .«:;♦: :♦::«: !»::♦: :*:»: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: »r« :«;;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:»: »:;♦: :«::«: »::♦; ;♦::♦• DIOGRAPUICAL SKETCHES. 519 retaining the same position as in the Sev- enteenth. He also acted in the capacity of Assistant Surgeon. Ills experience was extensive and severe, but it was a thor- ough school (or him. He has been in con- stant practice since the war. He removed to Plcasanton. Decatur County, in 1S67, where he practiced medicine until 1880, when he removed to Leon. He now re- sides in Eden Township, still engaged in his profession. The doctor is a member of the Leon Pension Board of Examiners and Surgeons, and of the Decatur County Medical Society. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic Post, at Leon, and also of the Masonic and Odd Fellows lodges, at the same city. He was married in Appanoose County, to Miss Sarah A. Martin, daughter of Athany Martin, who settled in Appanoose County in 1853. He is one ot the survivors of the Grav-Beard Regiment. Mrs. Hamilton died in 1864, while her husband was in the army. They had three children — William M., Emma, wife of Professor A. A. R03', of Iowa Cit)-, a teacher at that place, and Charles A., of St. Louis. The present Mrs. Hamilton, was formerly Hannah M. Guess. They have two children — Ella and Frank. The doctor has been prominent in politics, has been the standard-bearer of his party for county treasurer and representative, but bis party being largely in the minority, was defeated by seventy- two votes, being very complimentary. The doctor has a fine farm of 300 acres, and one of the most comfortable and com- plete farm houses in the county. :ILL1A.M 11. GliAllA.M, proprie- tor of the Graliam House, Lamo- ni, Iowa, was born in Stephenson County, Illinois, January 2, 1842, a son of Theodore and Letha (Tucker) Graham, natives of Ohio. His parents were mar- 37 ried in Stephenson County, but soon after the birth of William H., their eldest child, moved to Jo Daviess County, where the rest of their ten children were born. Their other children are — Eliza, wife of James R. Smith, of New Buda Townshij) ; Lydia, wife of Kiiigsley Olds, of La Fayette Coun- ty, Wisconsin; George E. and Benjamin, of Decatur County ; Viola, wife of Elmer Lamphire, of Mitchell County, Kansas; Martha, wife of Warren Little, of Har- rison County; Lucinda, who married Thomas Teale, and Dora, wife of Robert Turner, are deceased. The mother was taken from her family by death, and the father married a second time. In 1882 while on a visit to Nebraska, he was suddenly prostrated by sickness, and tele- graphed for his son, William, who reached him in lime to minister to his wants a few moments before his death. William H. Graham was reared to a farmer's life, but since reaching manhood has followed many occupations. From 1869 till 1873, he was mail contractor oi; the route from Warren, Illinois, to Monroe, Wisconsin, and subse- quently dealt in stock, buying and shipping to market. He made his home in Illinois until February, 1S82, when he moved to Lamoni, Iowa. As landlord of the Gra- ham House he is widely known for his gen- uine hospitality, and his house is a favorite stopping place with the traveling public. In this work he is ably assisted by his wife, who is a most estimable lady, and as hostess makes her house a veritable haven of rest to the weary traveler. Mrs. Graham's maiden name was Melvina Sjiurr. She was born at Girard. Pennsylvania, June 6, 1832, the only daughter of Milton and Diana ("Baldwin) -Spurr. Her father died when she was but a year old and her mother af- terward married Samuel Fox, and to them were born two children — Daniel and Ur- sula. Her mother, and stepfather and brother live in Coniieaut, Ohio, and her . ♦ :♦>: :♦>: ■*A »: !♦:♦; »; :♦.:♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦>: *i^ :♦:>. >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; *^ :♦>. :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: »: >::♦: :♦::♦: •fA >:>. :♦:;♦; >;;♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :«::«: :♦::♦: »: >;:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;•• :♦:♦; >;;♦: :♦::♦: »: >:;« ;♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦>" >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«; ;«:;♦: :♦::♦: !•::«: :♦:% :♦::«: :♦:>: ;♦.:«; :«::♦: :•::♦: ;♦::♦: It. ft. :♦::♦; :♦.;♦: :«.:♦: :♦:•; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: ;•:;♦; :•.:♦: :♦.:♦: ;♦:;♦: >.:•: !»::♦: :♦;« :♦;♦: :♦:>; :*.:« :«::♦: :*::♦: *:¥. !»::«: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :«.:♦: »::« :♦::« :♦;:« ;♦:« :«:;« :♦::♦: ;«;«: * ♦ ;♦,*, ^♦.-♦..♦:*"**>"C*"*"C*>;.».*.*.»..*»:** ♦..♦;,«.*: ♦..♦:v:,».:»;«,.«:«;«::«;>;,«;.^^ :♦:♦! 520 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. SS :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦"♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:*■ ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦.:* '♦"♦; >:;♦: >:.*; >:;♦: :♦;;♦; :-»:;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::* :♦:*■ >::♦: ;♦;*' :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;*;*' >:»; :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦: >:;♦: :•♦;:♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :•♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« >:% :♦::♦: »:>: :♦:;■•; ;♦;:■♦! :♦;:♦: :•"♦; *;:♦: :*!:«5 :♦::« ;♦;:« :♦;:♦; !«:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:■♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:»; *::*• ^x;♦; »>; ;♦:;♦; :♦::« »::♦; ?!* :<»::♦: >::♦: :♦;*' :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; 'f>:ff. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::•« »::♦: :♦;:« :♦:;•« ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: ;«-::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦;:♦: sister is the wife of W. Benson. Mrs. Gra- ham was first married August 27, 1850, to Chandler Beard, who died at Wilmington, Will County, Illinois, August 28, 1853, leaving two sons — Milton and William. The former is a real-estate agent of Pitts- burg, Pennsylvania, and the latter is a rail- wa}- postal clerk, with home at Ashtabula, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Graham have one child — AUie, a bright, blooming girl of fourteen years. In politics Mr. Graham is an ardent Republican. During the war he was a staunch supporter of Lincoln's ad- ministration, and only his own ill health, added to the needs of his parents, deterred him from taking up arms in defense of his country's honor. All his brothers, save Benjamin, who was too young, were gal- lant soldiers on the side of the Union. •laeac/®^* *^^)/OTTOv. fACOB ALLEN, one of the pioneers of Decatur County, now living on section 7, of New Buda Township, was born in Knox County, Ohio, October 3, 1827, a son of Christeon and Sarah (Hull) Allen, the father a native of New Jersey, and the mother born in Greene County, Pennsyl- vania. They were married in Ohio, and of their nine children our subject was the fifth and the eldest son. The father died in Stark County, Illinois, in 1854, aged sixty years, and the mother's death occurred at the residence of our subject, in Januar}^ 1855, at the advanced age of eighty-six years. Jacob Allen was reared on the home farm till sixteen years of age, when he fol- lowed steam-boating on the Ohio, Missis- sippi and Missouri rivers during the summer seasons, spending his winters at the old homestead. At the a?e of twenty-two years he settled in Stark County, Illinois, where he followed farming till 1856. He was married in Stark County, in 1854, to Miss Rhoda Imes, who was born in Law- rence County, Ohio, in August, 1835. They have had nine children born to them — Lavanche, married Charles Frink, and died in Bloomington Township, aged twenty- four years; William, living in Fayette Township ; Thomas, of Burrell Township ; George, at home ; Nevada, wife of Lyman Frink, of Lamoni ; John, at home, and three who died in infancy. In November, 1864, Mr. Allen enlisted in Company K, Forty-second Illinois Infantry, and partici- pated in the battle of Franklin, Tennessee, where he received a gun-shot wound in the right leg, from which he recovered very slowl)', being unable to walk for a year. He was honorably discharged from the serv- ice, and now receives a pension of §8 per month. In April, 1866, he bought forty acres of land in Fayette Township, on which he made his home for eight )'ears, when he returned to Illinois, remaining in that State two j'ears, since which he has resided in New Buda Township, Decatur County, where he has 160 acres of as good land as can be found in the township, under fine cultivation, with good residence and farm buildings. In his political views Mr. Allen is a Republican. tLIVER TUTTLE, deceased, was born in Barrington, New Hampshire, July 12, 1 8 14, and was a son of John and Ester Tuttle, natives of England. He was married in 1837 to Miss Fannie G. Gra)', who was born in Sheffield, Vermont, in 1816, daughter of Henr)- and Eunice Gray, of Scottish and English descent ; they came to Iowa in 1855, and settled near Eddyville, Mahaska County, where they remained ten years, when they removed to Garden Grove, Decatur County, in Octo- ber, 1865, where they remained until his death, which took place August 29, 1877, .♦..♦^..♦..♦.♦..♦..♦.:c<*.c«»>rc«c*>x«;>;>;:*>::«c*:>>::*:>>::c*»:>:;*::^^^^^ ;♦"♦; >::♦: >:•«• >:>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: 'm. ^::« !••:♦: >;:♦: >::♦: >::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: !♦:* :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;* :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :-»::♦: !•::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: !♦;:♦; :■♦::♦: :♦';♦: >:;♦: >:;♦; ;♦:.>; »;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; 5»:>; :♦;:•♦: !»;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦;♦: !♦:;♦: :•♦:»; »;:♦; !♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: >::♦: !♦;:♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: !♦:;♦: !♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 5»:>: :♦:;♦; :•♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; !♦:;♦: >:.* !♦;:♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦::♦: ;♦ ♦ »:« !»r«! »:.« »::••{ »r« »;:« »::« !»;:♦: !»:»: !»r« »:•! !»::« !»r«! Wm !»::« !»::« :** :♦::«{ *:« !»:<»: !»::♦: »:♦: »:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦! :♦:;« »;;♦: »::♦: <♦:;« !»:♦: :«.« »:!« m ■(»;>: »::♦: ^ :♦>: •••:♦: :«:;♦: >:V: :♦>: »;:♦: ;♦:;«! !»:;«': ;♦;.♦! >"* i»r*: »::* :■•:« ;♦::♦: »:;♦: k«! k«! '(►:»: ;♦::«! Ki^ !»;♦: MM Si*; !«!:♦: 'MM M'M Si*; S^ !»:«: !*:•: :♦;;♦; ♦ .♦.♦..♦..•-♦..♦-♦..♦-♦..♦.,♦_♦-».•.•-»..»..»_' r. ▼-▼*▼..». ».»,.»_*„▼_».♦ ,» .». ♦_»„T.* * BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Qai aged sixty-three years, one month, and seventeen days. At the time of his death he owned 300 acres of excellent farm land. To Mr. and Mrs. Tuttle were born three children, two of whom are living — Orpiia G., the wife of Dr. \V. A. Todd, of Chari- ton, has one son, Harry O. Todd ; Carrie M., deceased, was the wife of 1. J. Barks- dale, and left four children — Willie O., Carrie L.', Nellie H. and Arthur T. Eliza- beth H. S. is the wife of N. T. Willey, and has six children — Hattie O., Allie L., C. Natalie, Myrtle, Harvey T. and Mere. IILLIAM A. GARDNER resides on section 19, Center Township, where he settled in 1871. He has been a resident of Decatur County since October 28, 1857. His farm consists of 120 acres, and he also owns land elsewhere in the township. When he purchased there were only about eight acres improved, and noth- ing had been done in the way cjf orchards. His present residence had been erected by Mr. Size, a previous owner. He now has a fine orchard and an abundance of fruits of various kinds. Mr. Gardner was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, October 19, 1822. He lived in his native State until the day he was thirty-five years old, when he started with his family for Iowa. Mrs. Gardner was formerly Ellen Combs, born also in Columbiana County, but lived many years with her parents in Stark County. When Mr. Gardner came to Iowa his fam- ily consisted of his wife, three sons and one daughter. A son and daugiitcr have been born in Decatur County. The names of the children are^ohn S., Mvra A., wife of J. W. Barrett; William M., Winfield Scott, Jasper Ross and Frances E. When Mr. Gardner first came to Decatur County he engaged in the mercantile business, in Leon, under the firm name of Gardner & Sons, his father and brother, J. W., being associated with him. They continued in the business two or three years, and he was afterward engaged in various occupations until he settled upon his present farm. In early life Mr. Gardner wasa Whig, but has been identified with the Republican party since its organization. He cast his first vote for Henry Clay, in 1844, and has voted at every presidential election since that time. He has served as justice of the peace eight years, and still holds the office. He is the present coroner of the county, having been elected to that office in 1885. Both he and his wife are members of the church of Christ, both having united be- fore their marriage. Their children are also members of the same church. Mr. Gardner's father, John Gardner, was a na- tive of Pennsylvania, and immigrated to Iowa with his famil)' in October, 1853. They passed the following winter in Clay- ton County, and came to Decatur County the following spring, where the father died May 6, 1875, aged eighty years and six months. His wife died July 28, 1867. Mrs. Gardner's parents were John and Anna Combs. The father died in Carroll Coun- ty, Ohio, October 4, 1857,'and the mother soon after came to Decatur Countv, where she died February i, 1882, being eight}-- three years and twenty-two days old ; her father-in-law, John Combs, was' one hun- dred and five years old at'thc time of his death. fOSEPH HAMILTON, merchant at Leon, was born in Montgomery Coun- ty, Indiana, February 12, 1831, son of Robert and Eleanor (Powers) ^Hamilton, natives of Pennsylvaniajand Ohio respect- ively. The father was of German and the mother of Scotch-Irish ancestrv. They lived and died in Indiana, where Joseph grew to manhood, following the vocation of a farmer until forty years of age, since !« < !»♦ !»* !» h • :♦ ♦ ,* ♦. >,♦. ;♦.♦; ;♦"♦: »♦: ^ ♦' .<• «-: !•.♦: !♦::♦: ,'♦♦: :♦■'♦: ,"»♦: ■»♦! 'm:*: !»■♦: .* ♦' :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ *♦! !• ♦: ■*>: + ♦! '♦ ♦! *'♦: .♦:.♦; !♦'♦; >:* !♦■■♦: :•» ♦: :♦,♦: :♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦ >:♦: :•:*: :♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ,-> ♦' '♦ ♦: ♦ *. ,* ♦; .♦ ♦; > ♦' »' >"<■ .V ♦: !»>: !•♦: ■*♦: !♦'♦: f>*. II :<• ♦: ■♦ ♦. .♦' ♦' ,♦ ♦: > ♦' >♦■ '♦♦' y ♦■ ;* ♦' ;♦ ♦, > *. !♦■♦: > ♦! « ♦; .* ♦; .*,♦. M* :♦'♦' '♦ ♦ ::*::'»:»::«:«:*:;c«:*::'CC*"*:»::c*>::c*:*>::*>::«c*:;ccc*;;« >;;«! ;♦:>; >:;♦: >■>! ;<:>: >. ®: :-> o: :♦.♦ ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦, :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦. :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; >::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦: >::♦; ^i :^>: ;♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; >;:♦: :♦::* :♦;:♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::'•: :♦::♦; !»:;« :♦::♦: :«::♦: *^ :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::'<£ HfM :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦;:« :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: >::* :♦:;« :♦;;* :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦' :♦.:♦: :♦::♦. :♦;:<£ ■o;>: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦':♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.* :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >':♦: v::»: ♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ♦::♦; ♦::♦: .♦:»;*: .*;♦:•♦• 532 HISTORV OF DECATUR COUNTY. which time he has been engaged in the mercantile trade in connection with farm- ing. He keeps a general stock of dry- goods, boots, shoes, hats and caps, etc., and has one of the best stores in Leon. Mr. Hamilton came to Decatur County in 1853, and settled upon a farm in Decatur Town- ship, where he followed farming until 1876, at which time he erected the large brick building he now occupies for a store, in which he also kept a hotel. The building is 44x96 feet, and three stories high. He still owns the fine stock farm in Decatur Township, section 3, consisting of 700 acres, all in a good state of cultivation. He was married in Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, Indiana, to Lucy A. Buck, daugh- ter of Andrew and Nancy Buck, who was born in Indiana, in 1834. They have been the parents of nine children, seven living — William B., who resides on a part of the home farm ; L. A., proprietor of an omni- bus line at Leon ; Martha A., Arnetta, John F., clerking in a store ; George B. and Harvey D. Mr. Hamilton commenced life a poor boy, and is now one of the wealth- iest men in Decatur County. As a citizen he is highly esteemed. Politicall}' he is a Democrat. L. CHASE, cashier of the Bank of VVeldon, was born in Dutchess County, New York, June 2, 1850, the fourth son of L. B. and Elizabeth (Meade) Chase. In 1855 his parents moved to Iowa, and settled in Garden Grove, Decatur County, where he was reared, remaining at home until twenty- one years of age. He had good educational advantages, attending the public and high schools of Garden Grove. His first vent- ure in a business way was teaching school, a vocation he pursued thirteen terms. He was married March 3, 1878, to Miss Clara V. Brown, who was born December 12, 1858, a daughter of B. F. and Mary A. (Hiatt) Brown, then of Dallas County, but earl}' settlers of Madison County, Iowa. Shortl}' after his marriage, Mr. Chase lo- cated in Garden Grove Township, and for a j'ear and a half engaged in farming. He then went to Madison County, where he operated a saw-mill, and also taught district school. A year and a half later he moved to Weldon, and accepted the position of cashier of the bank, which he still retains. Mr. Chase is a man of fine business ability, and is rated as one of the substantial and enterprising 3'oung men of Weldon. He is a member of the Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias orders. He has one child, a daughter — Nora Zell, born February 23, 1881. f PUDGE SAMUEL FORREY, of Leon, Iowa, was born in Columbia, Lancaster Count}', Pennsylvania, in 1826. He was educated at Wyoming Seminary, and read law under the instruction and in the ofBce of the Hon. Thaddeus Stevens, at Lancaster. Here he spent two years, and in 1853 began his practice in Chambers- burg, Pennsylvania. In 1855 he started westward, going to Kansas, but owing to the troubles then existing there remained but a short time, and on looking further for a location was pleased with Southern Iowa, and decided upon Leon as his future home. He has been in constant practice, and has practiced longer in Decatur Coun- ty, by a number of years, than any other resident attorney. He came to Iowa when the Republican party was coming into ex- istence on the ruins of the old Whig party. He had been a Whig of rather a conserva- tive type, but his experience in Kansas had been such as to determine him to ever after oppose the institution of slavery, and he took a prominent part in the early his- :4::«"4;>::'K:cc«:>>>:>::ccc4"c*"CC4>:«;:c«>:>"«;c«;:c«:>;>;>::«:.«^ :*:c»::C'»;»:*>;:«;cccc*;:««ccc*>>:>>::«»::c»>::«*^^^^ :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦. ;♦!>: :♦;:♦; '^:^< fCii. :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: !♦;:♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::••• dm >;:♦; m :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :«•:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; >;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:*; ;♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :«"♦: %.«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:* :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:»: :■>.:♦: :♦:;♦: ;*;♦: ;♦.;♦: :♦:;♦: :*:♦; :•»::«: :♦::«. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦- :«::«. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :** :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :•♦::♦; :♦:»: •♦■:♦::♦; ♦ ♦' :♦:♦; ;♦:.♦: :♦:*: ;♦::♦: .«:.♦: :♦;.♦; »>: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;.♦; >;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:♦: .♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: ;♦:♦: >:♦! :♦:;♦: ;♦:♦: »: ;♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦;:♦; •»:;♦: .♦::♦: m ;♦::« :♦::♦: !♦:>: ^ :♦;:♦: :♦::«• :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: »::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;♦; >;:♦; :♦;♦; :♦;♦; ;♦:;♦: m .♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: .♦;■»: m ;♦;♦: >. ♦: .*< ;♦:;♦; »♦: j^* .♦:;♦; :♦;>; :♦::♦; m I ;♦:;♦; f-A ,♦;♦: >:♦: :♦ ♦' :♦ ♦ > ♦, !♦!>! m 4 -^ BlOGRAPIUCAl. SKETCHES. r)28 tory of the Republican party in Decatur County, and has always been influential in its councils. In September, 1870, he \v;is appointed judfje of the Second Circuit, of the Third Judicial District, vice Jud^e James W. McDill, who was elected judj^e of the Third Judicial District, and ihe following fall was elected to complete the unexpired term. After the expiration of his term as circuit judge, in 1S72, he was elected to complete the official terra of Judge McDill, who had resigned on ac- count of being a candidate for Congress, and in 1874 was re elected for a full term of four years. In 1880 he was elected mayor of Leon, and also justice of the peace, serving in both positions efficiently and satisfactorily. He was married in Leon, to Abigail Jane Parker, daughter of Judge William Parker. They have four children — two sons and two daughters. In his religious views Judge Forrey is Ortho- dox, his parents being adherents to the Mennonite faith. M. McBROO.M, farmer and stock- raiser, lives on section 8, Garden Grove Township, where he has 320 acres of land. He was born in Hocking County, Ohio, April 4, 1824. His parents were Robert and Nancy (Cantwell) Mc- Broom, natives of Pennsylvania. Their anccst(jrs were Irish, German and Scotch. They moved to Ohio in 1798. and lived sixty-five years on one farm. Mr. Mc- Broom was reared on a farm, and came to Decatur County in 1850. He was married in Decatur County in January, 1852, to Susan Winters, daughter of Rev. Daniel and Rebecca (Lambert) Winters, natives of V'^irginia. Mr. Winters was a pioneer min- ister of this county, having settled here in 1849. He is now living in Wayne Coun- ty, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. McBroom have I had eleven children, the living arc — J. G.; ' Clara D., wife of John A. Pryor, has one child, Ldith ; Carl C, Lucy G., Edna, Robert C, Nettie and Myrtle. Mr. Mc- 1 Broom worked out for $7 a month to get money with which to purchase his I land. He is a self-made man, and a re- spected citizen, esteemed by all who know him. His father died in 1881, and his mother in 1880. ■H»»- ->H^^G- -<«• fll. GRAY, section 20, Grand River Township, is a native of Indiana, <* born in Terre Haute, August 5, 1840, a son of Joel and Elizabeth (Lewis) Gray. He was the sixth of a family of eight chil- dren, the others being — George, America, W. T., A. Ann, William, ThtJinas and Sarah. When our subject was an infant his parents moved to DcWitt County, Illi- nois, where they lived until he was twelve years old, and then came to Iowa and lived two years, near Osceola. Clarke County. In 1854 they moved to Decatur County, and here he grew to manhood on a farm, ' receiving his education in the common schools. July 6, 1861, he enlisted in the war of the Rebellion, and was assigned to Company D, Fourth Iowa Infantry, Colo- nel Dodge commanding. He participated in the battle of Pea Ridge, capture of ; Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain, and Mission Ridge. At Claysvillc, Alabama, he was captured, and was held a prisoner at An- dcrsonville and Florence twelve months, when, February, 1865, he was exchanged. He was discharged June 22, 1865, and re- turned to Decatur County. He located on the farm where he now lives in 1884. It contains 120 acres, which when he first moved on it was wild land, but is now fairly ; improved, and his farm buildings arc com- fortable and well built. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, his land »: ».♦: ♦.♦' :;■ .♦:♦: ♦ * ♦ ♦! ^ ♦: • ♦; >■«; ;♦;:«! :♦.;♦; ;♦.*: :♦,:♦; :♦ ♦; /•♦: *.* •:>: »>: » ♦: * ♦; ♦.♦: ♦ ♦: » V .♦ «■: «•.♦: ♦ ♦: * • 4 ♦ « ♦ <• ♦ ♦ » .♦:* :♦.,♦; .♦.>: >.♦: ;♦.♦: ;♦♦, ■♦.;♦: :♦;♦: .♦:.♦; »* :♦.;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦♦; ;♦.♦; > *: « *: ♦ »: ♦ *. :♦ ♦! ♦:♦; ♦,♦! ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ,♦♦: ♦ ♦: .♦♦i * *i • ♦. :♦♦( .♦♦i ♦ ♦; V ♦: >>.♦ ♦.^.^♦♦.♦;>;>>~»>:*::f:»:*:>:»:>>>>::»'>>>:>..*.*:*:.»;,*:*'» ♦♦♦♦♦♦< » « * * . *>.*->"*..*"t;>>>>>>>-CC»\cc**>..c.»;.«;*'«'..»..*.*;.*..«'..*.«.>.» • ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦» > >! .♦>; '♦.!•>; >■>: ■*.»: ;♦:>; >;♦; :*;•>; .<•.•■•; :♦:»• ■.♦;«> :♦,>: ;♦.*; :♦'>: >::♦: :♦;>; ;♦ ♦: >::■»! :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:>; >"♦: >::♦; ;♦;>; :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; >:;♦: »:*' >::« :♦;:•« :«.:« :♦:;♦: :♦:* :■*■:♦: :♦;>; :♦:*; :♦:>; :■*:>; >:>: >.>: :*;:♦; >:>; :♦;:♦; >:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:>; >:.*: :♦;.■>; ;♦:>: :♦::♦; >;:* :♦:;«; :*^: >:>; :♦;;♦; ;■*•■«•■ k^ :♦;:«> :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦! :♦.:« :♦::♦: .■♦;*■ »:* :•«■::>; :<►::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦)■ :♦:;♦: •♦::*i ;♦:;* :♦::♦: :♦;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:«> >:♦; >;:-»; :♦;>: 534 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTr. beina^ especially adapted to the latter in- dustr}'. Mr. Graj' was married October 19, 1865, to Ruth Rebecca Campbell, a na- tive of Tipton County, Indiana, daughter of Robert and Rachel (Jolly) Campbell. They have seven children — Thomas, John, Joel, Stella, Albert, Minnie and Nellie. Mr. Gray has served his township as jus- tice of the peace five terms, dispensing the duties of his office in an impartial manner to all who are called before his courts. He in politics affiliates with the Republican party. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Banner Lodge, No. 437, Grand River, Iowa. jATHANIEL CORNETT, of Hamil- ton Township, living on section 9, is one of the old pioneers of Decatur County, with whose interests he has been identified for twenty-eight years. He was born in Lawrence County, Indiana, a son of Isaac and Margaret (Rogers) Cornett, natives of Virginia, the father a son of Na- thaniel and Millie Cornett, who were also natives of Virginia. Our subject's parents were united in marriage in Kentucky, and to them were born twelve children — Anna, Jessie, Millie, Margaret, Adenston, Henry, Seely, Mary, William, Nathaniel, Sarah and Robert, our subject being the tenth child. His parents removed to Lawrence County, Indiana, a few years after their marriage, and there Nathaniel passed his youth in assisting his father on the farm, and in attending the log-cabin subscription schools, where he received a limited edu- cation. In 1858, in company with his brother, Adenston, he came by team to Iowa, and after a journey of twenty-one days arrived in Decatur County, April 15. He was married December 4 of the same year, to Miss Ginc)' Henderson, who was also a native of Lawrence County, In- diana, coming to Decatur County, Iowa, with her parents, John and Delila (Turpin) Henderson, in 1854. They have seven children living — Sarah Elizabeth, Polly Ann, Robert Lafayette, James Moses, John Alexander, Millie Jane, Delia May. Delila M. and Aaron Thomas are deceased. Af- ter his marriage Mr. Cornett lived two years on a farm in Decatur County, when he returned to Indiana. A year later he returned to Decatur County, Iowa, and af- ter spending the winter in Decatur Town- ship he removed to James Dunlavy's farm, where he resided one year. He then lived one year on the Henderson homestead, when he bought 100 acres of land on Little River, which he lived on a vear, after which he lived one)-ear in Eden Township, on Mr. Barrett's farm. He then entered forty acres of swamp land, where he re- sided one year. In 1S67 he located on the farm where he has since made his home, where he has eighty acres of highly-culti- vated land, a fine orchard, containing 200 trees of various kinds of fruit, a comfort- able dwelling and barn, and out-buildings for his stock. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cornett are worthy members of the Missionary Bap- tist church. Mr. Cornett has always voted the Democratic ticket. ■^''^^; F. KELLEY has resided in De- |/u| catur County since March, 1853, 1^=^^ and has been a resident of the State since T840. His father, Ira Keiley, set- tled in Van Burcn County in 1844. Ira Keiley was born in Putnam County, New York, about the year 1787. When he immi- grated to Iowa his family consisted oi a wife and seven children — four sons and three daughters. Several of them, in- cluding the subject of this sketch, were married, and had families. Mr. Keiley pur- chased a farm adjoining the town of Farm- ;*■.'■; >>; :♦::♦: [♦:>: >::♦: ;♦::♦: >!>; >>; >:>: ;♦''♦: :♦;:♦; ?^ .♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::»: ;♦;:♦: ?;•♦< :♦::♦ :♦::« :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>< :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■♦■; :*x»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦::«; >"«; >;:♦; ^ :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'*: :♦::«! :♦::♦; »; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::« >::-« :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦;:« >::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: >:;♦: !»:;♦: !•::♦: :♦::••! :♦::♦: :♦::« :«:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: '♦::♦: »:♦; :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: *;♦; !»:>: *:;♦; >::«': ;»::♦: £»>: w:^ !»::♦: :♦::♦: !*;:♦: »::« »::«! :♦::♦: >:.>: :♦:;♦: »: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :«::♦: :♦:;♦; !»;:♦: :♦;:♦: (♦;:♦: :«:;«': :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::•« >:;♦::♦:;« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 585 ♦ .♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ «i *A *A .♦;:«> :♦;:«{ >:;^ >•;•> ♦:^ >^ ♦ >. ♦>; ♦>; ♦>; ♦ :«i ♦ ;«i ♦ ♦; ♦ :♦: ♦ .♦: ♦ .♦; «>: .♦.:* *S ;♦:«! ;♦;«! ♦;«i ♦;:* ♦ :♦! ♦:♦; ♦::«i ♦:«i ♦:*' ,♦♦; ♦:>; ♦.:«i ♦ :* ;♦::♦! :♦:;«! :♦« ♦ :«i ;♦.:«> :♦.:«! ♦ ,♦! >>: > .♦! ♦ ,♦: :♦:«! :♦.;«! ;♦,:♦! ;♦>: >» :♦♦: > ♦; >.♦; ;♦,'♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦..♦; ;♦.;♦; ;♦.* :♦;;♦: >,♦: :♦;♦: :♦::•; :♦;* :♦::« :♦:.«! :♦::♦! :♦;* *:♦! :♦:*■ ;«:.«: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;•:♦; :♦♦' # -^ ^' ingtoii, in Van Buren County, where lie remained until his death. His wife survived him several years. \V. F. Kelley was also born in Putnam County, New York, Janu- ary lo, 1820. In the fall of 1839 'i^ left home for the West, first goinij to Indiana, and the January following to Van Buren County, Iowa. He purchased a claim, and entered 160 acres of land from the Gov- ernment. In 1842 he married Hannah Cooper, a native of Pennsylvania. He lived at Farmington and vicinity until 1853, when he came to Decatur County. In December, 1849, he went to California, by the Isthmus of Panama, where he en- gaged ni mining, returning by the same route in the spring of 185 1. Judge Kelley resides on the northwest quarter of section 20, Eden Township. He has 320 acres of land. When he settled here there was a small cabin on the place, and about ten acres had been fenced and five or six acres had been broken. The farm is now all fenced and in good condition. He makes a specialty of raising short-horn cattle. In 1857 he was elected judge of Decatur County. His opponent in that contest was James Alfrey, of Hamilton Township. He was elected over his Whig opponent by a large majority. Politically he has, until recently, been a Democrat. He now affili- ates witii the Greenback party. In 1881 he was nominated by that party for the Legis- lature, and his nomination was indorsed by the Democratic Convention, held soon after. His Republican opponent was Maxwell Sanford. Judge Kelley was elected by a majority of sixty-two. Many Republicans voted for him. The principal question at that election was the Prohibition move- ment, the judge being the candidate of those who favored the prohibitory amend- ment to the Constitution. Judge Kelley and wife have ten children — five sons and five daughters. The oldest sons, Robert and George, served in the army during the ♦>"♦■■♦•■' Rebellion. Robert enlisted April i, 1862, in the Thinl Missouri State Militia Cav- alry. The Third was consolidated with the Sixth, making the Seventh. Septem- ber I, 1864, he re-enlisted in the One Hun- dred and Thirtieth Missouri Cavalry, and served until May, 1S66. George served in the Thirteenth Missouri Cavalry, enlisting in February, 1S65, and serving until May, 1866. RYSON BRUCE, editor and pro- prietor of the Garden Grove Express, is a son of A. C. and Mary (Graham) Bruce, natives of Pennsylvania. They were married and died in the Keystone State. Mr. Bruce was a physician. Bryson was born in Gibson County, Indiana, where his parents were living, from 1840 to 1850, February 22, 1842. In 1S50 his father took his family to Western Pennsyl- vania, where Bryson spent his youth. In 1862 he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Company C. With this regiment he served until discharged, on account of a wound received at Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863. September 5, 1865, he re-enlisted in the Two Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- vania Volunteers, Company H. He was discharged as Orderly Sergeant July 7, 1865, and was then variously employed un- til in 1867 he found himself in Delaware County, New York. Here he was for the next ten years engaged in journalism, three years of the time as managing editor of the Binghamton Daily Ripnhlkan. He was united in marriage June 14, 1870, with Mary A. Liddle, of Andes, Delaware Coun- ty, New York. In 1877 he came with his family to Iowa, stopping on the 2d of August at Minneapolis, Des Moines Coun- ty. Here he clerked in a store for two and a half years. February 2, 1880, he came to Garden Grove, where he was em- .♦-♦, :♦» > ♦ > ♦ :♦ ♦ > ♦ > > ;♦>: >.♦ >.<■ ;♦> :♦;♦: >♦' > ♦ > « :♦,♦. ;♦..♦. ;♦;:♦; '♦♦ > ♦ >> >,.♦. :♦> :♦,♦ :♦.♦. >:♦ >> :♦:♦ >::»: ;♦;♦ >:♦ :♦:♦- > ♦ > -> :♦ ♦ > ♦ :♦.♦ !♦♦ >.♦ :♦ • :♦♦ ;♦> >.♦. ;♦,♦ >:*t :♦ * > *• :♦ » > -I > « !»♦: ;♦ ♦ >> ;♦♦ .*.*■ ;♦..♦ :♦ ♦ .♦ * ;•• ■> .* * :♦ •■■ :♦ ♦ :♦♦ ;♦,♦. *♦: *>: :♦:♦: > ♦' ;♦♦. :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦ ♦ ♦' ■« ♦: :**:-<.;>::c*:*:.>>ic*»!I«c«c«ccc«*j»:;ccc»>;;c^^ :♦::♦: itt :♦::♦: :«;♦; w.m »;;♦; :♦:;«: ^i* >::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ■*::♦: ;♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦'♦' >::♦; '.*:*'. :♦::♦; >;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦! ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦' :♦"♦" :♦"♦; :♦:* ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦) :♦;>: :♦:■♦: •»::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦; ■♦::♦: :♦::♦; ■»::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦: .♦::«: .♦::♦: .♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; »:.♦: :♦;:♦: !»:>: ?^ :♦::«: >::«; ;♦::♦: ^i« :♦::♦: >;♦' :♦;;♦:♦- :♦;:♦:•♦•■ 626 HISTORr OF DECATUR COUNTT. ployed one year on the Ex press, and then purchased the paper. To this he has since devoted his time and energies. Mr. Bruce is a member of the Grand Army of the Repubhc, and is poHtically a RepubHcan. He was mayor of Garden Grove one year. He is an elder in the Presbyterian church, of which his wife is also a member. They have been the parents of eight cliildren — Wallace, George, Edith (deceased), Bessie, Arthur (deceased), Nellie, Edward and one vet unnamed. '1- ^^** PENCER C. AKERS, residing on section 34, Grand River Township, is one of the old and well-known pioneers of Decatur County, having been identified with the growth and advance- ment of the county for thirty-five years. He has assisted in the building of roads, bridges, churches and school-houses, and has always taken an active interest in everything pertaining to the advancement of education or religion in the community where he resides, and is numbered among the representative citizens of Decatur County. Mr. Akers was born in Putnam County, Indiana, January 17, 1826, a son of Bedy and Lydia (Collings) Akers, natives of Shelby County, Kentucky, the latter be- ing a descendant of the Collings family, of whom thirty were killed at the Indian war, in the first settlement of Kentucky. They reared a family of nine children — Emily Jane, William C, Catherine, Spencer C, Elizabeth, Benjamin, Thomas, Bedy and Lydia Ann. In 1839 t^'^ parents immi- grated with their family to Chariton Coun- ty, Missouri, and there our subject was reared, from his fourteenth year till 1844. His early life was spent in assisting with the work of the farm, and in attending the log-cabin subscription schools of his neigh- borhood. In 1844 li^ returned to Putnam County where he was married December 12 of that year to Miss Elizabeth J. Ader, of Putnam County, a daughter of Solomon and Elizabeth Ader. To them have been born thirteen children, nine are living — M. W., a Baptist minister, located at Bur- lingame, Kansas; Armilda, Thomas M., Eveline E., Racine K., Fidelia, Garrett W., Spencer Grant and Benjamin Eurastis. In the fall of 1845 Mr. Akers removed to Mercer County, Missouri, residing there and in Grundy County till 1850. April 17, 1850, he started with an ox team for California, passing through the hardships and privations known only to those who have crossed the plains. On arriving at Salt Lake City he met Brigham Young, and be- yond Salt Lake he viewed the grounds of the Mountain Meadow Massacre. On ar- riving in California he engaged in mining, which he followed for twelve months, re- turning home bv way of the Isthmus of Panama, Cuba, and New Orleans, to Grundy County, Missouri. In September. 185 1, he came to Decatur County, Iowa, and located two miles west of Leon in Center Township, where he entered 120 acres of school land, and eighty acres of land from the Government, and there he erected a log cabin and commenced the improvement of his property. He was one of a committee of three to locate the coun- ty seat of Decatur County, of the second location by act of Legislature, the other two members being John Jordan and Wil- son Worford. In 1864 he left Center Township, and settled on the farm where he has since made his home, which is one of the best farms in Grand River Town- ship. His land is under a high state of cultivation, with a good residence, large and commodious barn, and a fine orchard, and the entire surroundings of the place show the thrift and good management of its owner. In politics Mr. Akers is a Democrat. He was appointed county :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; >;;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; *;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:»; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: :«:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« >:>: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;:♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«•: ;♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ;*;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :*::♦: :«:♦: ;♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦"♦::♦;:♦; »::♦:♦::♦; ♦'>; :♦♦: »:;♦: ;♦::♦: »::*: »::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »:;♦; .*::♦: :«:♦: .♦::♦: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ■•»:;♦; »:♦, »::♦: :♦:♦: :«;>: »::«: :«;:♦: »::«: »::♦: »;:♦: »;;♦: :♦::«: ;♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: w:m »::♦: ;«"«; :♦::♦: ».* :♦:■»! :♦!* :♦;:♦: ;•:;♦: »:»: ;♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: !♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::« :«;:♦: ;♦:>: :♦:>: »::«: :♦"♦: :♦"*: »;:♦: »: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦"'*: :♦"♦: :♦::*: ^* :♦::♦: ?;* :♦:;♦: ;♦:!♦: !♦:•»: :«:.^: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :«:>: !►;;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: !♦:♦! ;♦;:♦; j^* ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; m >:♦: '♦:>■ « 4 :*.♦;.♦• BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. supervisor to fill a vacancy, and was after- ward twice elected to the same office, a position he filled in all about five years, with credit to himself and to the best in- terests of the county. Mr. Akers is a worth)- member of the Masonic Iraternity. -^>- -«*- !>«• fOHN W. ATEN, farmer, resides on section lo, Hiiijh Point Township, . - wlicre he owns 220 acres of excellent land in a good state of cultivation. He was born in Fulton County, Illinois. His parents, Aaron and Dorcas (Glass) Aten, were natives of Ohio, and came to Garden Grove, Decatur County, in 1871, where they still reside. Mr. Aten was reared to the vocation of a farmer, which he has fol- lowed thus far through life. He was mar- ried in Decatur County, in 1870, to Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin and Mary A. Woolle)-, early settlers of Decatur County. [ENJAMIN O. SPRINGER, deceased, was born in Schenectady County, New York, August 29, 1804, a son of Oliver and Barbara (Putnam) Springer, the father born February 22, 1778, and the mother born February 25, 1783, they being united in marriage September 20, 1801. Benja- min O. Springer was the eldest of five chil- dren, all deceased but one, living in New York, in his eightieth year. He was en- gaged in the work of the ministry for many years, formerly a member of the Dutch Reformed church, and later a Presby- terian. He came to Decatur County, Iowa, in the fall of 1855, and organized a church at Decatur City, where he |)rcachcd the gospel, and occasionally preached at Leon, and worked as a missionary. He was twice married, his first wife being Eliza Batchclor, whom he married February 13, 1828, and to this union were born eight children —Martha, Eliza, David, Oliver, J. B., Barbara Ann, Mary Ellen and Henri- etta. His first wife died October 19, 1846, and he was again married November 30, 1847, *^o Mary Ann Michel, by whom he had two children — James G. and Emma Jane. Mr. Springer died July 17, 1871, be- ing an old and respected pioneer of Deca- tur Count}-. His widow still survives, and is living on the old homestead in Bloom- ington Township with her son, James G. NTON RAUCII. section 5, Burrell Township, is a native of Germany, born in Hesse Castle, June 2, 1819, a son of Adolph and Mary Catharine (Deste) Rauch. He was the eldest of a family of eleven children, and in his youth he as- sisted his father, who was a farmer and miller. He became an experienced miller and an expert wheelwright. When twenty- three years of age he immigrated to America, landing in New York, April 22, 1843. He first located in Hardy County, Virginia, where he engaged in farming and milling. In 1856 he came to Iowa, and the following spring went to Lecompton, Kan- sas, and a year later returned to Iowa, and bought seventy-five acres of land in Bur- rell Township, Decatur County, for which he paid $1 1.50 per acre in gold. The land was under cultivation, and there was on it a round-log cabin, 16 x 18 feet in size. He now has 155 acres all well improved, and the log cabin has given place to a good story-and-a-lialf house, 18 x 24, with a wing 14 X 16, well built and well furnished. His farm buildings arc commodious and com- fortable, and in connection with his other conveniences he has a fine orchard of 300 bearing trees. Mr. Raucli was married August 5, 1847, to Elizabeth Catherine Roberts, daughter of James and Mary :«»::»:»:<;»»»»"c»:»':<;y::i«:cc«x:cc«:cc«»:x:«'>::<^^^ ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦' ♦ ,•: ♦ ♦. ♦ • ♦ .♦ ;♦..«• :♦;♦. :c«i :♦:>: *:♦: ;•>' :♦.:♦: :♦.« '••: :•;;♦; :«;:« »: *;♦: *:♦; >!>: :♦;:♦; »>; *t>; ;♦.:« *:♦' :•>. »::♦: :♦;♦: ♦>■ »,:♦; :♦;♦: ;*::♦: ;•"* :•:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: *:«; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :•:;♦: ** ;♦:♦: :«:«: ;♦.:*■ :♦:* :•>: »;;♦: :♦:♦. :♦.;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:♦. :♦,;♦; m :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦,:♦: :♦.;♦: ;♦:♦: ;♦.♦: ** :♦>; :♦:•: :♦:* :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:* *•■«) :*:♦' ♦:♦ *♦; *♦: :♦-♦: :♦::♦: :•.;*': :♦::♦: :♦♦: :«:♦: ♦ :♦' ».« ;♦ ♦: ;• *: ,♦♦; :♦.♦. ♦ « ♦ * Hf. ♦:*' ;♦:>: ;♦:;♦: ;♦;;•« :♦;;•») :♦::«•: :♦;:« :♦>; »::« :♦::« »::« <»::« »::« :*:♦! ;♦::« :♦:.* »::« :♦:*' ;*■•« :♦::* ;«:« >:;«! :♦::* :♦::« »:•« :«::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦;« .*•::«! >::* :♦;:••! »::•« »::♦: »:;« :♦;*' ?»::«! :«::«! :♦::♦: ->:>: >:« :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; ■♦::«i :♦:;•« :♦::« >;:♦: :♦::* :♦:!« ;♦:*: ;♦;:♦; »: :♦:;•« k«! ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'MM :«::•♦! :♦::* ;♦>; !»::♦: ■*:■« .♦:>; '♦ ♦! ;♦:♦! *;^ ;■♦;>; ;♦:>; >;;♦; :♦::♦; m *:;♦; >;>; ;*':♦; 528 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. Roberts. They have ten children — Mrs. Mary C. Dunbar, Edward F., James A., Henry T., John C, Harmon C, Theresa, Ferdinand \V., Clarence and Sarah. In politics Mr. Ranch affiliates with the Democratic party. He has served his township two terms as justice of the peace, also as town clerk and a member of the School Board, and as road supervisor. ilLLIAM CASH, is one of the old- est pioneers of Decatur County, where he has lived for over forty years. He was born in Perry County, Kentucky, July 22, 1830, a son of Eli and Charlotte (Gay) Cash. To his parents were born seven children — Henry, William, Wyley, Joseph, Mary, Jane and Charlotte. In 1836 his parents removed with their family to Missouri, by way of flat-boat to Louisville, then by steamboat, landing near Brunswick, and from there went to Davis County, where some of their acquaintances had previously settled. In 1845 they left Missouri for Decatur County, Iowa, where the father took up a claim which William Cash afterward entered from the Govern- ment. He first built a rude log cabin which was made in the most primitive style, and here the family experienced all the hardships and privations known only to the pioneer of a new country. The principal inhabitants of the county at that time were Indians, the only settlers then living in Burrell Township besides the Cash family being George and Asa Burrell, John McDonald, F. B. Miller and Nathan Lowe. William Cash, the subject of this sketch, was early in life inured to hard work, his youth being spent in helping to clear the pioneer farm and improve the homestead, receiving but a limited educa- tion in the subscription schools. He was united in marriage July 26, 1857, to Miss Lydia Starkey, who was born and reared in De Kalb County, Illinois, she being a daughter of Isaiah and L3-dia Starkey. Mr. and Mrs. Cash have nine children — Francis Winfield, Isabelle, Emma, Anna, Eva, Will- iam Henry, Fred, Rolla and John. Mr. Cash has a well-cultivated farm in Burrell Township, where he is engaged in general farming and raising and feeding stock, which contains 144 acres. His hewed log house is substantially built and comfort- ably furnished, and his barns and out-build- ines for the accommodation of his stock are commodious and convenient. His land is well watered by Grand River, and is well adapted to grain or stock-raising. In pol- itics Mr. Cash is a Republican, casting his first vote for General Scott. He has aided in all enterprises for the benefit of his township or county, and has assisted in building the bridges, churches and school- houses. His children have received the benefit of a good education, two of his daughters being successful teachers. He is a consistent member of the church of the United Brethren in Christ. His parents are both deceased, the mother dying in 1844, and the father in 1848. His brother Joseph lives in Bloomington Township, and his sister Jane, wife of Matthew Ryan, lives in the same township. His sister Charlotte is the wife of John Sellers of Burrell Township. >-^»^'>-J»t?»S<^5*^-'"^^*::♦: :♦"♦: !»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: W: >;:♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: :*;♦; >::♦: :•»::♦: :♦>: ;♦;:♦! :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: >;;♦: !»:>: ;«"♦: ;■»::«': :♦"'« :♦::♦: !♦:;♦; :♦:.♦: .*:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:.♦: ,<»::♦: !♦::•; »::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:* :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■»: ;♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; >:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:♦! >> > ♦: :♦♦; >.♦) > .♦) >♦) J? >'♦; > ♦; :♦:.♦; :♦;«! ^^ >;>: :♦>; ■MM ;♦;«! :♦::♦; it.'M 'MM :♦>; MM MVM MM MM. m M.M MM MM MM >::^ MM MM MM :♦::«! :♦:*■ :*:«i *:♦: :♦::* MM MM :c«i MM ;♦;;•! m:m MM :♦;:«! MM MM MM :♦::♦! MM :♦.:•! MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM :♦♦: :♦♦; '♦♦: :♦ »: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. that county in 1830, daughter of Peter and Hannali Wcstervclt, natives of Ohio, and of English descent. Mr. and Mrs. Wester- velt have had six children, two of whom arc living — Wilemina and Peter. Mr. Wes- tervelt built the mill at Westerville, now owned by Mr. Roberts. The postoffice was established at that point in 1854 and he was the first postmaster, an office he held fifteen years. He named the postoffice. The town of Westerville was laid out in 1854 by one Mr. Ilcnshaw.and was former- ly called Milford. Mr. Wcstervclt is a self-made man, and one of the old and hon- ored pioneers of Decatur County. fOllX \\. GARDNER is the fourth son and fourth child of John Gardner, one of the pioneers of Decatur Count}-, who came here witii his family in 1854. The father was born in Westmoreland Coun- ty, Pennsylvania, and married Rebecca Al- cott. The mother died Jul}' 28, 1867, aged sixty-three years, five months and thirteen days, and the father May 7, 1875, aged eighty years, six months and six days. They had nine children — six sons and three daughters, all but one son grew to matur- ity, and seven arc still living. All except the one that died in childhood came to De- catur County. The children were — Will- iam A., of Center Township ; B. F., also of Center Township ; Washington B., a resident of Lincoln County, Kansas; John W., Wilson 1., Matilda, wife of J. C. Por- ter, residing at Los Angeles County, Cali- fornia; Christina Ann, wife of Carrington Porter, of Oregon; Rebecca J., wife of Thomas Bayley, now deceased ; and David Lewis, wIkj died in infancy, in Ohio. John W., the subject of this sketch, was born in Carroll County, Ohio, May 30, 1830. He was married in Stark County, October 10, 1850, to Mary M. Combs, born in that county. January 8, 1829. Her parents were John and Anna Combs. (See sketch of William A. Gardner.) Mr. and Mrs. Gardner have five children — Sylvester E., born July 14, 185 1 ; Benjamin F., August 16, 1853; Annie M., November 11, 1855; George O., July 27, 1858, and William A., August 11, 1.S63. Mr. Gardner resides on section 20. He entered the west half of the southwest quarter of section 20, and his first house was the primitive log cabin, 14 x 16 feet, which was built in 1854, and is still stand- ing, in 1S86. Their only daughterand their youngest son were born in this cabin. He has a half-section upon which he is engaged in farming and stock-raising, and has fine improvements. His brick residence is one of the finest in the count}-. His father en- tered a quarter-section of land on section 17, which his two sons, B. F. and Washing ton, improved. B. LONG, retired merchant, Leon, was born in North Carolina, June '* 17, 1823, son of Jesse and Levicy Long, natives of the same State. The father died in Indiana antl the mother in Iowa. They had five children — Jane, Sol- omon, Hiraui, Mary and A. B. The latter was reared on a farm, but has since followed the mercantile business very successfully most of his life. After he was seventeen years of age he worked out by day's work for ten years, and then engaged in a general stock f)f merchandise for two years. He then removed to Monroe County, Iowa, and five years later to Wapello County, where he lived eleven years, and in 1862 came to Decatur County, his business career lasting over thirty years. Although Mr. Long started in life seven dollars worse of! than nothing, he is now one of the richest men in Decatur County. He owns 640 acres of fine farming land in a 6W >2 :♦;*■ MM MM ;•*> !♦ *■! MM >■>: MM MM MM i*-!l ;♦;.♦: MM ;♦♦: ;♦«> MM MM MM. MM, MM MM MM MM MM MM MM MM :♦..♦' MM MM ■fM MM MM MM ■f>M •»::♦! 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He is classed among our highlv-esteemed citizens. -^»s>^^f>:yj>:3e>:ife:c»r*>:.': 530 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. %^ :♦::♦! :♦::« :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::«! :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: »:>: :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦; »::♦: >:;♦: .^"♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;*>; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:»; :♦::♦; :♦•;:♦; »;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; »■;:♦•; :*::♦: ^A m. .♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦: :«::♦: ;♦;:♦; »:;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: ♦::♦: .♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: ♦♦: .♦;<►; >:;♦; ;♦;>; ^^ 1 !♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: >^^ .♦:;♦: ?;* ;♦:;♦: m :♦;♦: ,. ,'♦■;* -♦^♦"♦: OLIVER SPRINGER, a prosperous and enterprising citizen of Bloom- ington Township, living on section 19, was born in Schenectady County, New York, March 30, i834,a son of B.O. ar.d Eliza (Batcheldor) Springer. He was the third in a family of eight children, and when he was three years of age his parents settled in Darke County, Ohio, and there he spent his 3'outh in assisting his father with the work of the farm, iiis education being ob- tained in the common schools of that coun- ty. In January, 1855, h^ came to Decatur Count}', Iowa, remaining here till the following May, when he returned to Darke County, Ohio, and September 18, 1855, he returned, in company with his father's family, to Decatur County, making the journey by teams, tiiey locating on section I, Bloomington Township, where our sub- ject remained till the breaking out of the late war. He enlisted in July, 1862, in the Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantr\', and after participating in the engagements at Chicka- saw Bayou and Arkansas Post his regi- ment was detailed to guard prisoners to Camp Douglass, Chicago. He was honor- ably discharged in February, 18C3, at St. Louis, Missouri. Previous to this, in 1861, he was a member of Colonel Edwards' State Troops, and with his regiment marched to St. Joe, but liad no engage- ments. Mr. Springer was nuuried Septem- ber 17, i863,to Miss Ma.Kimilla Johnson, who >"*::«»:.»;»»:»:*:«:-e:c«.«.«cccc«:«c«w:*~c*>>r*"*r* was born in Madison County, Ohio, a daughter of James B. and Elizabeth John- son. To them were born nine children — Churchill, Nancy, Elizabeth, Sarah Ann, James M., John A., Joseph, Rachel and Maximilla. Mr. Springer has resided on his present farm since Februar}', 1864, hav- ing entered his land in the fall of 1855, this being one of the first farms improved in the neighborhood. To his original 160 acres Mr. Springer has added by subse- quent purchases till he now has 400 acres, all of which is under improvement and highly cultivated. He has a good resi- dence, and commodious barn and out-build- ings for his stock, and a fine orchard. In connection with his general farming he de- votes considerable attention to raising and feeding stock, in which he is meeting with success. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. He was a member of the Township Board that organized the township, including Fa3-ette, in company with F. M. Scott and John Mercer. He was township clerk six years, and has also served as justice of the peace. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a comrade of Leon Post, G. A. R. Both he and his wife are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal church. W. STILES, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section 19, [* Garden Grove Township, where he owns 300 acres of land. He has about forty head of thorougii-bred cattle, all reg- istered. Mr. Stiles' parents were Henry G. and Elizabeth Stiles, natives of Ver- mont and Missouri respectively. They came to Decatur Ci^imty in 1866, where they remained until the death of the father. The mother is still living. Mr. Stiles was reared to the vocation of a farmer, which he has always followed. He ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ ■• ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦, ;♦.♦, :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦*■ :♦:;♦: :♦ ♦ '♦♦; >♦' :♦.:♦: :♦..♦: ♦* >::♦: :♦:♦: ♦v; :♦:♦: ♦:* :♦:* :♦:•«! :♦::♦: :*:.« :♦::♦! :«:'*: :»:.«: :♦:« :♦::♦: ■»::♦: :••♦: :♦::«■ ♦"♦" •♦"♦: :♦::♦: ,** :♦::♦: .*"■»; :♦::♦: :♦:'« :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: *'!♦: :♦:>: :♦::«! :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: :♦.:♦: ;♦:* :♦:♦: :♦:'♦; ;♦:* ;♦'■»: ;♦:■♦: :♦::♦: •»;:♦; :♦":«; *>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '♦:♦: ;♦::♦; :«:♦: '*■'*'. ♦ ♦. ^♦. ♦' >: ♦: *;.♦: !♦:♦: ♦;♦: *•,♦• :♦:♦: :*.♦: :♦■*. '♦!•' ♦' *' '♦ ♦: '4 *! .♦:♦. '♦ ♦: »: »: :♦:♦: >. *: ;♦ * > ♦. >,♦ ;♦:,♦: '♦:* :♦'•' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 531 was married in Decatur County in 1876, to Laura J. Metier, daughter of Samuel and Julia Metier, born in Iowa. Her father moved to Decatur County in 1855, and is one of the largest land-holders in the coun- ty, owning 1,200 acres. Mr. and Mrs. Stiles have four children— Almah, Maur- ice, Henry G. and Sam)-. Mr. Stiles has been township assessor, and held the office of secretar}' of School Board two years. He is a Republican in politics. His grand- father Lillard was in the war of 1S12. Post- office, Garden Grove. eg. ■-G^^ ;iLLIAM W. BOZARTH wasborn in McLean County, Illinois, April II, 1843, and when he was eleven years of age, in 1854, his parents came with their family to Decatur County, Iowa, and settled on section 2, New Buda Township, and there he was reared to agricidtural pursuits, which he has always followed. William W. Bozarth enlisted on the 6th day of July, 1861, as a private in Company D, Fourth Iowa Infantry, for three years or during the war, and on the 31st of De- cember, 1863, ro-enlisted as a veteran in the same company and regiment. He was wounded in a general charge at \'icksburg. May 19, 1862, and was also wounded at Resaca, Georgia, April 13, 1864. He was mustered out at the close of the war at Davenport, Iowa, as a Sergeant, August 7, 1865. June 24, 1866, he was married to Miss Martha L. Francis, who was born in Ohio, December 14, 1847, ''^r father, William Francis, being an early settler of Fayette Townsliip, this county, and now a resident of Lincoln County, Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Bozarth have four citildren living — Laura A., Fernando W., Dora B. and Clara V. Two daughters, Sarah E. and Nancy, are deceascii. In 1873 Mr. Bozarth removed with his family to Smith County, Kansas, j where he engaged in farming, and there improved a farm of 4S0 acres from a state of nature. He sold his property in Smith ; County in 1884 and returned to New Buda ; Township, where he bought the proi)erty on sections i and 12, which he now (jwns and occupies. In 1S84 he built his present i fine residence on section i.and has brougfht his farm of 160 acres under fine cultiva- tion. Besides his farm in New Buda Town- i ship he owns 160 acres of valuable land in Smith County, Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Bozarth are members of the United Breth- ren church. In politics he affiliates with the Rciniblican party. Mr. Bozarth is a son of Jonathan and Leah (Stout) Bozarth, the father being a native of Kentucky, born in 1804, and the mother born in Tennessee, in 1 8 10. They were married in Illinois, and of their children — Mrs. Clarinda Mcin- tosh and Mrs. Mariam Wodley live in De- catur County; Mrs. Isabelle Snow, Mrs. Lina Armstrong and Samuel, live in Davis County, Missouri ; Mrs. Nancy Bunt re- sides in Arkansas: Mrs. Cynthia J. Hall lives in Oswego; Ira and Columbus live in Kansas.'and William W., our subject of De- catur Count)', being one of the active and enterj)rising citizens who has helped to build up New Buda Township. The par- ents are now living in Davis County, Missouri, and enjoying good health consid- ering their age. ilLES A. WASSON, of Morgan Township, is a representative of one of the earliest settlers of South- ern Iowa. In 1840 his father, William Wasson, immigrated from Morgan County, Illinois, to Mercer County, Missouri. He supposed that his location was on the Iowa side of (he State line, but a later survey placed him south of liie line. He was a native of North Carolina, where he was < ♦ :♦♦: ■♦'•: :♦.'♦: :♦«' :♦.♦: '«:.♦: :♦:♦: :♦::« :♦:;*" :♦:'«; :♦::♦: ■♦::* *.♦: :♦::♦: ;♦.:♦: :♦;:« :♦:*■ ;♦::«: :♦:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦♦. :♦.♦. :♦;:♦: :♦::« >::♦: ■»::♦; :♦::♦: >::«. :♦:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:••; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: '♦::♦: '♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦' ;♦:* :♦:'♦' :♦::♦: .<*::« :♦;* :♦::♦: *■* •♦:•♦; :♦:'♦: *♦; '♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: !♦:♦• '♦:♦: >:* :♦::♦: ft ♦ ♦ «• :♦♦: :•;♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦' >'* !♦:>: :♦::* ;♦:;•: >:.♦: :♦:.♦: :♦:.♦; :♦::♦. ;♦:♦! *♦: >'♦' :♦::♦; ;»!;♦: :♦':♦; *:♦■ :♦:>! >■;♦: >"♦' >"♦" ♦ ♦! ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦: ;♦:* *:♦: ».;♦; !♦:;♦: B-::*: :*::«■: :«:;♦: »::♦: !♦::♦: (♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦:;♦: !»;;♦: >::♦: *:;♦; »::♦: ■»::«! »::♦; !»::«; !>::♦: :».::♦: *:* i»:,4: :♦;:♦: ?»::♦: !♦:>; *»;■♦: :♦::♦: :<>*; *:♦: :*;:♦: :♦;:♦: !•■>::♦: :•>::♦: :«•;♦; :«::♦; :*::♦: ;»::♦; (♦:;♦: <*;:♦; ■♦"♦; :■»:;♦: !•:■♦■: ;♦::♦: ;♦'!♦: :•*::♦: :•»::♦: :■♦::♦: !»:>: >;:♦; >;♦: >»::♦: :»■;:♦: :■»:♦: <♦::♦: «»•::♦: ■♦::♦: >:>: >:>: :■♦':♦: •♦:;♦: >:;♦: ^::*: >"♦: '!♦:*: ;«:>; ':*:;♦; *::♦; ',♦;;♦; !<•:;♦; :*•::♦; "♦;;♦: ■♦::♦: '<"♦) '■»:■»; 532 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. reared, and where he married Miss Sarah Delp. About the year 1832, the family re- moved to Morgan County, lUinois, where they hved until they came West. The father died of t^'phoid fever, in 1S41. There were nine children, eight of whom came West with their parents. The second son, Joseph Delp, came several years later, and is now a resident of Lineville, Wa3'ne County. Miles Wasson selected his pres- ent farm in 1S43. In 1846 he enlisted for service in the Mexican war, as a member of the Indian Battalion Mounted \'olun- teers. He served on the frontier about thirteen months. On his return he found that Samuel Steele had taken possession of his claim, and had sold the same to William E. Logan. In the spring of 1850, Mr. Wasson fitted up an ox team, and drove across the plains to California. He was successful, and returned in the spring of 1852, and paid Mr. Logan $400 for his old claim. When the selection of lands was made in accordance with the 500,000- acre grant of school lands, Mr. Wasson gave in 160 acres of his claim for that pur- pose, which enabled him to purchase the same for $1. 25 per acre. With the excep- tion of John E. Logan, Mr. Wasson is the oldest settler of Morgan Township, having been here since 1852. As early as 1843, '^e went to Fort Des Moines with others, for the purpose of getting their pay from the Indians, for horses, etc., sold to them the previous autumn. They had promised to pay when they received their allowance from the Government. At that time there was not a house to be seen, between Mr. Wasson's place and Des Moines. He now owns 400 acres of land. Mr. Wasson was married in the spring of 1852, to Rachel Jane Stokes, a daughter of Yancy B. and Eliza- beth (Moore) Stokes, who settled in Mor- gan Township, in 1849. Her father was a native of Virginia, and her mother of Pennsylvania. They settled in Missouri at an early day, and moved to California in 1852. The father died March 14, 1886; the mother died March 19, 1872. Mrs. Wasson was born in Davis County, Mis- souri, in 1836. Mr. and Mrs. Wasson have had ten children, nine of whom are living- Sandy F., Howard F., John W., Florence S., Sarah E., Rachel J., Viola, Harden and Yancy B. Lucinda, the third child, wife of Ira Gammill, died, leaving three chil- dren — Allie, Miles and Willard. «\4ei;fl>©^» 1^4— ■*.^~3/3'J7»» F. EURITT, section 32, Decatur Township, is a native of Augusta ^ Count)% Virginia, born November 30, 1826, the eighth of nine children of William and Lydia (Johnson) Euritt. The father was a native of Virginia and the mother of Ireland, coming to America when nine years of age. They were mar- ried in Virginia, and had a family of nine children. D. F. Euritt spent his early life on a farm, receiving his educational in- struction in the common schools. In the spring of 1855 he came to Iowa, and lo- cated in Jones Count}", a year later mov- ing to Washington Count}-. In the fall of 1857 he moved to Decatur County, and has since lived in Decatur Township. He has lived on his present farm since 1874, at the time of his settlement it was but par- tially improved, but his eighty acres are now all under cultivation, and his resi- dence is pleasantly located on a natural building site. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, being one of the successful citizens of the township. In his early life he learned the blacksmith's trade, at which he has always worked more or less. He is an influential, upright man, and takes an active interest in all that pertains to the public welfare, especially the causes of education and religion. ;♦;>>■«■, >:>;'* "'■ ;♦.♦. ;♦.:♦: »:;♦; :♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:♦: :♦;•»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :<•:♦: :♦;♦•: :«•::♦: *:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: !►;:♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: !»"♦: :♦:;♦; »:;♦: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦"♦: !c*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >•::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦' ■•";4-: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦:;♦: >;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:»; :♦;:♦; >::♦: ;♦:;♦: >"♦: ;♦;.*: :«::♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦: !»;;♦: :♦;♦' ;•»: [♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦"♦; :«:;♦: ;*;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦"♦: >:♦! :«:.♦: >"*: ;♦::♦: !♦)♦; :*"♦' ;■»:•. :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :■♦::♦; :♦:.♦; >:>; ;♦":♦: :♦;♦! :♦:* ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; !»"♦::♦::♦: '»:■»:♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. K\.\ :♦:.«; »: ■♦:«! :♦::«! :♦:♦! :♦;>; .♦:♦; :♦:♦; ,♦» :♦;♦: ♦>: ♦ :•! :♦:«! <• .♦. ♦..«i .♦:*' ♦:;♦: ♦^♦; ,♦.:♦! .♦;♦; ♦::♦: *:♦: ;♦;♦; ♦;♦: ♦;♦; :♦.:♦; <»::♦; <»::♦; »•::♦; ♦::♦; •»;:* ;♦:;*' :♦:>; <•::♦: (•::♦: !»:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦;:«! :♦::« :♦;;« »;;«! *:♦; *::«! !»::« !•:>: :♦;■•; :«:« »;:♦! >::••! w:* »::♦: :♦::♦: »:>: :♦::♦! »;:♦: >::♦; »::•«! »::« :♦::«> :♦;:« ».:« *::♦: »::« »::♦: :«:« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: ;♦;:•: »::<»: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::« »:;« He is a member of the United Breth- ren in Christ, taking an active interest in the work of liis church. In politics he is a Democrat. Mr. Eiiritt was married Janu- ary II, 1855, to Miss Hetty Beam, a na- tive of Aus^usta County, Virginia. They have four children — William, Susan, Le- Roy and Adelbert. ?AMES M. EIKER, one of the success- ful agriculturists of Decatur County, residing on section 30, of Decatur Township, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Adams County, March 6, 1S44, a son of John and Charlotte Eiker, who were both natives of Maryland. They removed to Knox County, Illinois, in 1852, and there our subject grew to manhood. In the spring of 1865, he, in compan}- with his parents and a sister, now Mrs. Miranda Kirkendall, of Richland Township, Decatur County, came to Decatur County, and lo- cated in Grand River Township. There the parents died, the father March 3, and the mother November 23, of the year 1874, aged respectively seventy-nine and si.xty- ninc years. They were cared for in their declining years by James and his sister, Miranda. James M. Eiker was united in marriagein 1869,10 Miss Rhoda Russell, who was born in Jackson County, Ohio, a daughter of A. O. Russell. She died Sep- tember 15, 1877, aged thirty -two years, leaving one son — Bert. For his second wife, Mr. Eiker married Miss Nora Gassett, April II, 1878. She was born October 21, 1855, in Eden Township, JDecatur County, her parents, George and Mary Gassett, being among the pioneers of that township, where her father still lives. Her mother is deceased. Mr. Eiker has through in- dustry, economy and good management met with excellent success in his farming operations, and is now the owner of 300 <•"♦' W*' V W V '*■ '*"♦"*■ ♦' '«r^trii '*"*■ 'A' 'A"A"A' 'A" W ■*■ "A- 'A' A' "a" 'a" -a-'A 'A' 'j acres of choice land, located on sections 19 and 30, Decatur Township, and on section 24, Grand River Township. He began improving his property in 1869, on which at that time no furrow had been turned nor tree planted. Now there is no more de- sirable farm property in Decatur County, and for stock-raising it is unsurpassed. He has a fine orchard, containing every variety of fruit trees adapted to the climate of the county, and his building improvements are among the best in his neighb(jrliood. Mr. Eiker is a member of the Presbyterian church, as were also his parents and his first wife. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Republican party. He has served in various township offices to the satisfac- tion of his constituents, and is one of the respected citizens of Decatur County. is A AC MILLER, retired farmer, resides on section 22, High Point Township, -,j, where he owns 200 acres of land in a high slate of cultivation. He is a native of Pennsylvania, born September 15, 181 5, son of Adam and Ann M. (Wort) Miller, the former a native of New Jersey, and the latter of Pennsylvania, and of German de- scent. They lived in Pennsylvania until Isaac was fifteen years of age, when they moved to Ohio. Our subject came to Deca- tur County in 1855, and lived at first in a log cabin without any llooi-. He was married in 1839, to Elizabeth Lee, born in Pennsyl- vania, in 1818. Their children are — Mariah, widow of Oliver Brant ; Jennie, deceased, was the wife of J. P. Finley ; Caroline, wife of Perry Wolvertbn, of High Point; George, who died in the army ; Kate, wife of William Brown, of Leon, has two chil- dren — William and Fred. Mr. .Miller lost his wife by death November 2, 1857, he was married in this count)', to .Mary King, born in Virginia, in 1832. They had one .' ^"j."*' A* 'a"a"a"a* •a"a"'a? ■* ''A"A~A"A-'A'-A"A— A*f a"A— A'^^'A— A-A'*A"A-^*'VA'*A"A > ♦ > ♦ .< * ;♦ * A « > ♦ > « > ♦. \* * » !♦';♦ !»:♦ (♦:♦ ;« ;♦ >■♦ > ♦ :♦ ♦ ;* ♦ !♦:♦ >..♦ >..♦ :♦> >;♦ :♦:♦ <♦;* !♦:♦ !♦::♦ !♦"♦ > * !** (•:♦ !♦■;♦, !«::♦. >;♦ >:.« !♦::♦ *:♦ :♦> ;♦;♦ ^> « > ♦ '.■9 * > ♦ '.* * :« ♦ }• * !♦'♦ .'♦♦ :♦ ♦• >♦ > ♦ •♦.♦ »>;•c♦;:c*:♦::♦::«:♦"c♦;:♦:.*»:♦::«:«c*>r*:c♦>:;♦:!«'*»^«s^^ »::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»;:« »'♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: *::♦: :♦:•♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :«;♦: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ■♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦; ;♦;;♦; v.v, :♦;:♦: ;♦:*: :♦:;♦; :♦:»; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;»: ;♦::«': :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦' ;♦::♦: :♦::* :♦"♦! :♦"♦: ;♦"•»! :♦"♦; :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦: >;;♦: ;♦:;♦; ;■♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: •♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !»;;'»: :♦"♦: .*:;♦' :•♦::♦; *:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :•♦;:♦: <»::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: *"♦: :♦;:♦: :*■»: >:>: :•♦:;♦: :«::♦: I*"*' >;:*' >''•! :♦::■♦: :♦;♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦: ;♦:>; ;♦::♦;*; 534 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. child — Maggie, now deceased. Mr. Miller has held the office of township treasurer, township trustee, and all the school offices, and was postmaster from October, 1856, to April I, 1865. He was formerly a member of the Odd Fellows order. Mr. Miller is not only a pioneer of this county but is one of its well-known and honored citizens. He commenced life poor, and by hard labor good management, industry and economy he has risen to afifluence. No man stands higher in this community than does Mr. Miller. His postoffice is High Point. -fQ- -E4- fgj^ILLIAM LOVING, of Leon, came to Decatur County in November, 1854, and settled in Hamilton Township. He purchased an unimproved farm, lying on both sides of the State line, his residence being on the Iowa side of the line. He also purchased a claim of 160 acres adjoining the other, which he after- ward entered. He lived on this place from 1854 until March, 1883, when he .sold out and removed to Leon. Mr. Loving was born in the State of North Carolina, near the Virginia line, in November, 1806. When eleven years of age, his father, John Loving, immigrated to Monroe County, In- diana. This was belore Indiana became a State, and the Indians inhabited the land. The railroad had not then been thought of. The father survived only one year after settling in his new home. He was a na- tive of the South, and of English descent, his father having emigrated from England, and settled in North Carolina. The mother of William Loving, was Lora Es- tes. The Loving family, although long resi- dents of a slave State, were opposed to the institution of slavery, and none of them were slave holders, although the maternal ancestors of our subject were slave holders. John Loving left his native State because of that institution. The Loving family in this county, descended from two brothers, who came to this country from England. William's grandfather Loving fought un- der Washington, in the Revolutionary war. John Loving left ten children, five sons and five daughters ; only two now survive — William, and the youngest daughter, Lora, who was born in 1815. She lives with her brother, at Leon. Mr. Loving was married in 1 831, to Elizabeth Lee, who was born in North Carolina, and reared in Kentucky. Her father was Ed- ward Lee, a cousin of General Robert E. Lee, of the Southern Confederacy. They have not been blessed with children. They have traveled the journey of life together for fifty-five years. They celebrated their golden wedding, April 3, 1881, at their home at Pleasanton, Hamilton Township. On this occasion over 200 guests were present to do honor to Mr. and Mrs. Lov- ing, on the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage. Mr. Loving was formerly a Democrat, but he cast his last Democratic vote for Franklin Pierce, and since then has been a Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Loving are worthy representatives of that grand old pioneer element that is fast passing away. fACOB A. COZAD, farmer, section 5, Morgan Township, is a son of Alice and Emeline (Swank) Cozad, natives of Ohio. The father was born in Cuyahoga County, and the mother in Warren County. Alice Cozad was of Scotch-Irish descent. His grandfather, Samuel Cozad, immigrated to America before the Revolutionary war. His father, Jacob Cozad, was born in New Jersey. Alice immigrated to Indiana about the year 1834. He was married in Warren County, that State. In 1854 they came to De- catur County, where they arrived Novem- ber 13, having been just one month on the :♦;:♦ :♦::♦ >:;♦: :♦;:♦ »::♦! :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;■* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: *i^ :♦;:♦ >:♦: :♦>; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :*.:♦. :♦.:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦• :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: w.v. :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦>: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :■»::♦. :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦>; ■*;■* ;♦::♦; »:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::«: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: '*:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: !•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:*: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :•♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: .«::♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦; -«•:*:♦;■»; ^.^^^^^'^^^..^^^^^^ 6^^'^^>^^^. >;;♦; ;♦>! !•::♦: !♦::♦: »: >:>. !»;>: :♦:>: >::«! :♦:>: :♦::♦: ». :«::»: !»::♦: :♦::« >:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >:;*: •>::♦: *;♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :«::♦: >.>: >:;♦: >>: >!>: >:>: :<•:>: »: :♦"♦: !••>: :♦::«: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :*;>: >:;«t :*.:♦: >::♦; :«::*: :♦::♦: >::♦: >:>: :«::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: >:>: >;;*; :*»; :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦:* >:>: :♦:;*: :♦,:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦.>: >:» >::♦: *;♦; :•::«'; ■♦;»; :;:: «♦: ■>♦; ■> ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦.♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦..♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦.♦: *.♦: ♦ :♦: ♦::♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ * ;♦:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦♦: ♦.:♦: .♦::♦: ■,♦♦♦♦♦"♦♦♦•♦' k' '«' « '* •' A 4 !•"•'•'•'•'•'*'♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. road, coming all the way with teams and wagons. Alice Cozad settled on section 7, Morgan Township, where he entered and improved eighty acres of land, and where he lived until his death, which occurred August 30, 186S. His wife lives at the old homestead. Mr. Cozad was one of the prominent and well-known pioneers of this county. Politically he was a Democrat of the Jackson school. He was well infoimcd on the general topics of the day, and a great reader. He held the office of dniin- age commissioner two years, when the office was abolished. He also held promi- nent township offices, having served as justice of the peace several years, and was a member of the Board of Supervisors. He was reared a Presbyterian, and always adhered to the principle of that faith ; but, there being no church of that denomina- tion near him he united with the Methodist church, and was for many years a class- leader in that church, and a liberal sup- porter of the gospel. He had ten children — six sons and four daughters; five sons and four daughters are living, and all are resi- dents of Decatur County, except one son, John, who resides in Appanoose County. Jacob A., the subject of this sketch, was born in Warren County, Indiana, Decem- ber 8,.i84i. He enlisted April 1, 1862, in the Third Missouri Cavalry, which was af- terward consolidated with the Seventh, and he served until the close of the war, a period of over three years. He was in active service during the whole time of his enlistment. His regiment operated in Southern Missouri and Arkansas. He participated in many important events of the war, principally against the Confeder- ate General Price. He was wounded by a gunshot in the right foot, July 10, 1864, and has never fully recovered from its effects. Since the war he has been engaged in farming in Morgan Township. His present farm contains 180 acres, and he 88 has twenty acres of timber elsewhere in the township. He was married March 4, 1869, to Sarah J. Hubbard, a daughter of Marks L. Hubbard, of Morgan Township, and they have hve living children — Alta, Levette, Merton, James and Orril. Min- nie, the eldest, died at the age of six years. Mr. Cozad is a Democrat politically. He has held the office of justice of the peace fourteen years, and still holds that position. •waifl;©^ ®t^i.♦ >>; >:♦: »: >.;♦: :♦';♦; >::♦: >:>: >:'♦: :♦:♦: *;^ :♦;♦. >,:♦: >:♦: ;♦>; >::♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦; >;;♦; >:>; :♦;:♦; »;■« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :c*! :♦»: >:♦: >:>: :♦:♦; »; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:>; :♦:>: 'm. ^ :♦::♦: :♦;>: i** ;♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦;♦: :*:>: :♦.;♦: :♦.* :♦;:« >:♦; >,;♦; :*;♦; ■f ♦ t ♦ • .♦: :♦::♦' ;«::♦, :♦::* :♦::« :♦::•« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦;:♦; :♦::« ■♦•;♦« :♦::« :♦::♦: :c« :«:« :♦::♦: W.M »;:♦: :♦::•« >::■« :♦;:« >^>: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; »:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :«:•« »::♦: :♦:>: !»::♦: :♦>: :♦::•« <»::♦: :♦:;-•> :♦::•« »;:♦: !«>!:« :c« »::♦: :♦::-* :♦::<►; »:;« :♦::« *;« »::« !»::« *:••» »:;•* !»;:••» »•:;« »•::« :♦:*' »;:♦; »::♦: >::♦: :♦;:« »::♦: :♦:;♦; <♦::♦; )»::« »;■« »rM w:m :♦::« »;:•« *;:♦; »::« :♦::♦; :♦;;« :♦;:♦; :♦:;« »::«; :♦:.*: »;:« *;♦: :'«£:« *;»;»: 540 HISTORl' OF DECATUR COUNTY. married Hannah Bosworth. Samuel's fourth child by the second wife was Zenas, who married L. Dimock, and after her death E. Hovey, of New York, by whom he had four children — Henry, Eunice, Lo- vina (Mrs. Morris, of Chicago, who was one of the charter members of the Home for the Friendless, of that city), and Zenas H., born at Bridgewater, Oneida County, New York, May 29, 1801, and died August 28, 1871. He married Margaret Hickey, daughter of John and Margaret Hickey nee Castleman, born January i, 1808, and who still survives her husband. By this marriage, which took place at Williams- burg, County of Dundas, Canada West, in 1825, he became the father of eleven chil- dren. He was reared in the Christian religion as taught by the Presbyterian or Congregational church, and in earl)' man- hood united with the Methodist church, and became a local preacher therein. In 1837, with his wife, he became a convert to the faith of the Latter Day Saints, and shortly afterward moved to Missouri in the expectation of finding " Zion," where, after sharing with others the vicissitudes, per- plexities, suffering and disappointment at- tendant upon such an ignis-fatuus, quitted the State in the spring of 1 839, taking refuge in Illinois. After the death of the Smiths, in June, 1844, Mr. Gurley moved into Nauvoo, where he resided until the au- tumn of 1846, and was driven out with that portion of the church which could not get away in the spring previous with Brig- ham Young, with whom the great body of the church, together with church archives, etc., went into Utah. He was a promi- nent and successful minister in the church, and an over-ardent admirer of the prophet, Joseph Smith, and would have gone with Brigham Young and associates, be- lieving them the truest exponents of the prophet's policies and measures (and his position enabled him to know), but the providential death of his team, a fine pair of horses, forbade his intended move, and instead of going West he, with his famil}', was barely enabled to get to Jo Daviess County, Illinois, having lost nearl}' all his earthly possessions at Nauvoo. At Jo Daviess Count}', he was materially helped by the Masonic fraternity, of which he was a member, and, considering his very straightened circumstances, this help was most opportune. Mr. Gurley with family moved near Burlington, Wisconsin, in 1849, and in 1851 to Yellowstone, some ten miles east of Mineral Point, in the western por- tion of the State. Here at this point and vicinity he did preaching and baptized a number of converts, but becoming dis- satisfied with the developments which were taking place under Young, Strang, Wm. Smith (the prophet's brother), and others (who were leaders of Mormon factions), believing now, that they were all gone astray, and fearing that the prophet, Joseph, had made some fatal errors before his death, and that these men were but con- tinuing them, he determined, in company with Jason W. Briggs and a few others, in 1852, upon a reformation or revolution, hence he renounced allegiance to or associ- ation with any and all of these leaders afore- said, and he denounced polygamy which was then being openly taught in Utah, and which had been secretly taught for years in the church; he also rejected "marrying for eternit}'," called also " sealing for eter- nity," or " spiritual wif cry" that is to say — " if a man's wife die, he has a right to marry another and be scaled to both for eternit)' ; to the living and the dead," thus establish- ing poly'gamy in heaven ; and further of this doctrine and practice by waj' of ex- planation the prophet, Joseph, said in May, 1843 (as recorded in his history), that " except a man and his wife enter into an everlasting covenant and be married for eternity, while in this probation, by the :♦;;♦: >::♦: ^* :♦::♦: >::♦: »: :♦;>; :♦::♦: >>; :♦::« :♦;:•« »:»: :•»::♦: :♦"♦: !»;:♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦. :♦::* [♦::♦: :♦;:♦: !»::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: >::♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦"'« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:>: »>: :♦::« :♦:>: :♦::♦: ■ :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; W- :♦::♦: >"♦: !♦::♦; :♦;:♦; !♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•♦■ :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦. :♦;:♦ :■••:<■ !♦;;«: :♦:;* »::♦ :♦::♦. :♦::♦ ;♦:> >::♦. !»;;♦: :♦;•♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :•••:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:'*: :♦:;♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :*;♦: »::«>: :♦::♦: »"'»: »:.>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »>: :♦>: :♦"*: :♦:;«: ;«::♦: :♦;:♦: ::♦::♦::♦; !»:*• :♦:♦; *A ->:« ;«::»; )>-« !•:»: »::« !»:♦: !•>: !»>: (»:♦: !•>: »::« *:♦: »::«! (»::♦: !»;;<»: :♦::•! :♦:;« !»::«': '»::♦: !»::♦: ,♦::♦: :•*::•: !»::♦: !»:;♦: K>: :♦>: !»:* !>::«! !»;:« (»::♦: !»'>: »>: »>; !»::«: !♦::♦: (»:♦: P *;♦: !»::* BIOGRAPUICAJ, HKE TCHES. Ml I W i :♦::♦: I 1^ power and authority of the holy Priesthood, they will ccusc to increase when tiiey die; that is, they will not have any children after the resurrection. But those who are married bv the power and authority of the priesthood in this life, anil continue with- out committing the sin against the Holy Ghost, will continue to increase and have children in the celestial glory." Against these and other delusive doctrines Mr. Gurley and associates declared, and for the same were excommunicated from tne churcli and branded as "apostates." They organ- ized their movement in 1852, however, and commenced the publication of the Saints' Herald in January, i860 (which sheet is being still continued at Lamoni, Iowa.) witli \Vm. Marks, Zenas H.Gurlc\and \Vm. W. Blair as publishing committee, and Isaac Sheen, editor; and one fact well worthy of notice here is, that in their first issue, the leading editorial is devoted to the subject of polygamy, averring that the prophet, Joseph, did give the revelation, or com- mand enjoining it, and that it was given as a curse, because of the idol which had been set up in the hearts of the churcli. Joseph Smith, the present president of the Reor- ganization came and united with them in April, i860, since which time the policv and position of the church as touching his father's complicity in pol>'gamy has been changed from an averment of, to a flat de- nial. Of Mr. Gurley s children — John E. was a soldier in the late Rebellion, entered the service as Capt.iin nf Companv C, Thirty-third Rcginient Wisconsin Volun- teers. Was forty days at Vicksburg, after which was transferred to staff duty of the Fourth Division of the Seventeenth Army Corps, anrl served upon that stalT with effi- ciency and success until near the close of the war, when he was promoted to the office of Colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty-fifth United States Colored Infantry, bv Abraham Lincoln, and transferred to the staff of General Frank P. Blair. Colonel Gurley fought at Vicksburg, Coldwater, Jackson, and with the Fiiurth Division subsequently, wherever engaged, being in the heaviest of the fight on the 22d and 28th days of July, before Atlanta, Georgia, and thence to the sea with General Sherman's army, taking part in the grand review at Wasiiington. He was mustered (Jut of service at Louisville, Kentucky, in Decem- ber, 1865, and returning to Wisconsin he engaged again in the practice of the law, he having been admitted to the bar at the opening of the war, and previouslv received his education at Lombard University, Gales- burg, Illinois. In 1868 he was taken sick, and with a constitution broken from the eflccts of the war, was unable to resist the attack of death, and he passed away quietly and peacefully in April, 1869, in full assur- ance of eternal life, being but thirty-one years of age. Another, the eldest son, Samuel H., died at Lamoni, Iowa, a few years since in the fiftieth year of his age. He was a faithful follower and minister for Christ. The youngest son, Edwin H., is also a minister of the gospel, and resides at Lamoni, and anotiier, George W., at Sand- wich, Illinois, who is a thorough busi- ness man. Zenas H., whose name appears at the head of this sketch, came to De- catur County in November, 1870; married Gracic Robinson in 1S72, making his home here since that date. His time has been largely occupied as a traveling minister for the Reorganized Church of Latter Day .Saints, having received from the church the same honor conferred upon his father, that of an Apostle, of the quorum of Twelve. In the year 1874 he was sent as a missionary in charge of Utah, where he battled with polygamy and its concomitants, re- maining in Utah nearly one year, but con- tinuing, whether in the Territory or out of it, to wage war against the "twin relic" — returning to Utah again in 1S7S, at which ;♦ *: !•::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦ ♦: *♦; :♦:♦; •♦;:•: »:♦: :«:«! *:♦; »::♦: *:« i»>: !»:'« !»::♦: "m !»::♦: *;'♦: :♦:♦: !•-« !»;:♦: <»::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:,♦: »:;♦; ;«>; ;*;♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .*:♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: »:;«? ■*•♦: !•;:♦: >:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: !♦>: !•::« >::♦: :♦>; :♦::* :♦>: :♦:•♦: :♦::♦; »; :♦::♦: :♦;♦! >"♦; »; :♦'♦; :♦:♦: »: :♦:♦: ;♦::♦; !♦:;♦; »; j^* mv. !♦>; ;«-:.♦: !•>: »■ :♦.♦: ;♦;:♦; *::♦: »'>: ,«:♦: ^^ Z-^i !♦:♦: ;♦.:♦: !»::♦: IJJ ,**■ .♦.♦: ;* ♦ [«[«■ .• >:> >:<• :♦:;*: :♦:>: !♦!>: >:;♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: >;:♦; ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: >:>: ;♦::■»; :♦:;♦: :♦::«• >:* >;:♦: >::♦: »: {»;:♦; :*>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::*; :♦:;♦: ;♦:>: :♦;■»; >;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦; 3f>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; • :♦::♦; ■*::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; '■»;:♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :«:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦:>: :♦;>: »; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;>: :♦:;♦; :«;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦; »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 542 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. time he was enabled to make a more care- ful and thoroug-h study of the Mormon problem. Returning home he was sent, in company- with Elder E. L. Kelly, to Wash- ington, to urge upon the Forty-seventh Congress, the necessity of additional legis- lation for Utah. He took an active part with his colleague, working night and da)' for three months for the passage of the Edmunds Bill, and for labor performed there has received man)' flattering compli- ments, both from individuals and the press. In 1882, he was appointed with Joseph Smith, a committee, to wait upon the Sec- retary of State, of the United States, for the purpose of obtaining further recogni- tion for the church, and making distinc- tion between the Reorganization and the church in Utah. Was first introduced to that officer by Senator McDill and Hon. W. P. Hepburn, who expressed a wish that Mr. Gurley should appear in writing, which was readily agreed to, and in March, 1883, being joined by Mr. Smith, appeared before said officer, again being introduced in this interview by Senator Allison, and Hon. W. P. Hepburn. He returned East the succeeding fall, going as far as the isle of Grand Manan, in the Bay of Fundy, traveling as a missionary, and all these years supporting his own family, be- lieving it " more blessed to give, than to receive," though, of course, he made no financial gain during that period, but steadily declined. In 1878, the church in General Conference, adopted the " In- spired Translation of the Scriptures," by Joseph Smith, together with the Book of Mormon, "The revelations of God in the Book of Doctrine and Covenants," and the revelations this present Joseph Smith had received, or ever should receive as a rule of faith and practice — whereupon Mr. Gurley, being in Utah at the time, imme- diately returned home and sent in his resig- nation as an officer, being unwilling to serve a church who took such (to him) insane position. His resignation was ac- cepted the following spring upon that issue, but in September, of 1879, ^ com- promise position was reached, wherein it was agreed that the revelations of Joseph Smith should not be made a test of recep- tion into or fellowship in the church (thus revoking the act which made them the law of God to the church), whereupon, Mr. Gurley was reinstated, and went to Wash- ington and the East, doing the work as referred to. During his labor at Washing- ton, he was frequently questioned whether or not, he and his people believed in gathering the church together in one or more localities, to which he responded in the negative, because of the act of the church in September, 1879, referred to above. This position could not fail, as it did not, to make prestige and friends for the church with the Government, for this gathering (;f the church together, concen- trating its power for religious and politi- cal purposes, had from its inception down till to-day proven abortive of good, and highly detrimental to the Government. Mr. Gurley calls attention to the paper lodged with the Secretary of State, setting forth the only principles and doctrines held sacred and indorsed bv the church in Gen- eral Conference unanimously in April, 1883, as being in perfect accord with the position cited above. But to his great surprise and disappointment in Heralds for 1885, he is charged with having denied the faith, by one of the presidents of the church, alleging as proof that he denied the gathering, and also the lav^ of tit/mig (which provides that the individual mem- ber of the church shall give all his surplus property into the Bishop's hands, and after that shall pay one-tenth of all his interest annually — and those refusing this shall not be worthy to abide in the church. See D. and C, Sec. 106), and citing as law ■•:*;:c«»::cccccc*>::«:'»"«:c«rc«rcc«:cc««;:C'»::'»;.».:*;* ^::c*:«:ccc*:cccccccc*»::**>:;c«:cC'»>>»;*>;*;*;;**:*:^^ :;♦;:♦.:♦. :♦:>: >::♦: m. >::♦' :♦:* :♦:>; :♦"♦' :«■:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: >!>! :♦;:♦. :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦:'♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«•>; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦' ;♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::*: :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::■♦: :♦':♦' :♦:>; ;♦;>: >;;■»: :♦'>: :♦:>' ;<•">! 'S'.P. :♦!>■ :♦:;♦' :*:;•»; !♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;•»:» *:♦: :♦:;■»; :♦::♦: :«•:«: :♦::♦. !♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦;;»: :♦;;♦: :*:.♦: :•>:>. ii.'.i'. ;♦:.-^■ ;♦> ;♦::♦, ;♦;;♦: :♦:;* ;♦;:■>; :♦;:♦ :♦::»: :•»::•♦; :♦:»; ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: *;;*; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: *:♦; :♦::♦: !♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.*: . .:♦::♦: :♦:»::♦; •♦:♦::♦; ;♦. ♦. >:♦: »: :♦♦: :♦.♦: :•::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;;♦: >:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !•:;♦: :♦:♦: •»:;♦" :♦::♦: :•:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; ;♦::♦: >:♦) :♦:,♦: :♦:;♦: :■♦:;♦: ;♦>; »;;♦: »•»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:♦: ;♦::♦: !♦::«: 'Hi.'H'. :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: !»:>: >;♦: >;;♦: :♦:>; '•;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦:♦: .♦::♦: i^* .♦>: :♦:>: :♦:;*: ;♦;:♦: :♦"♦: »:;♦: :♦.♦: •♦::♦: •»;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: ;♦;>: :♦;♦: :♦;♦: ♦ ♦: »: >..♦; >:.♦; »: :♦:♦; >!,♦: >;» ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;♦: !♦::♦: >!♦; :♦:♦; >:♦; »! *:♦; >"♦; >::♦: 5$ ;♦;:♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 543 against to him, that the church was bound receive and respect Joseph Smith's words and commandments, the same as if from God"s own mouth," — to all of which Mr. Gurley plead "guilty," provided that be the faith of the church. He held, how- ever, that it was not, but in April of that year the General Conference refused to sustain him as an officer, which was the result of the controversy in question, wliereupon, after the elapse of another year, and seeing the disposition of the church, as expressed by leading authorities, was to reinstate and establish the revela- tions of Joseph Smith aforesaid, as the law to the church, — the rule of faith and prac- tice, and believing that to be a gross viola- tion of the Acts of 1879 and '^^S (^vhich last indorsed the pai)er presented to the Secretarv of Stale) Mr. Gurley concluded to withdraw from the church entirely, so in April of the year 1886, together with his wife, and mother, aged seventy-eight years, his brother Edwin II. and wife, and Elder Jason \V. Briggs, one of the found- ers and fathers of the church tlicy with- drew, refusing to accept tiie revelations of Joseph Smith as a rule of faith and prac- tice, believing that he proved himself an unsafe leader. They afhrin the gospel as taught by the Saviour and the original witnesses, denying to Joseph Smith, or any man or angel the right to add a dodicil to the last Will and Testament of Christ, but, believing this to have been done, and that ;/ has ])roved the curse and bane of the Mormon church, and also of the Govern- ment, and the Reorganization now insist- ing that these revelations aforesaid are God's law to the church — this is laid as sufficient cause for their act, holding that the Mormon problem can never be solved successfully by any process other than a thorough and critical examination of ah of Joseph Smith's revelations, and their errors and evils exposed. To illustrate more fully to the reader's mind the be- nighted and terrible condition of the leaders of tiie church, and that the devilish doctrine of polygamy was taught as early as 1843, and that, in teaching this, the leaders fulfilled the prophetic pre- diction of the Apostle Paul, as recorded in I. Timothy, iv : 1-2, repeating also the pre- dicted history of the past as seen in II. Peter, ii : 1-2, Mr. Gurley submits the testimony of Ebenezer Robinson and wifi who are well known in Decatur County (and Mr. Robinson throughout the Stated being perfectly reliable. "To Whom It May Concern : "We, Ebenezer Robinson, and Angeline E. Robinson, husband and wife, hereby certify th:it in the fall of 1843, Hyrum Smith, brother of Joseph Smith, came to our house in Nauvoo, Illinois, and taught us the doctrine of polygamy. And I, the said Ebenezer Robinson, hereby further state that he gave me special instructions how I could manage the matter so as not to have it known to the public. He also told us that while he had here- tofore opposed the doctrine, he was wrong, and his brother Joseph was right; referring to his teaching it. "Ebenkzkr R( )inNsoN, "Angelina E. Robinson. "Sworn to and subscribed before me this 29th dav of December. 1873. [L.s.l "J. M. Sai.i.ek, AW(/n' /'«/'//<-." Mrs. Robinson having died since the execution ol the foregoing, and some ques- tion arising as to lioiv and wherein the said Hyrum Smith (one of the first officers and leaders of the church) had given special instructions to Mr. Robinson, he was questioned in regard to the matter whereupon he executed the following: "To Whom It May Concern: "This is to certify that in the latter pari ♦ ♦: > ♦; :•»'•! »'♦: '♦.♦, >'♦' ♦ > > * >>: >>: >:♦! >:♦: :♦.:♦: >:♦: >■>! >■* ■»♦ .*.♦- .♦-.♦; :♦:♦: ;♦.♦: > ♦; :» ♦; ♦ .♦: ♦ ♦: .♦.,♦: .*;♦: :♦;:♦: ,♦♦; ;** ♦ ♦: ;♦ ♦' :•♦. .♦: >>: ;♦ ♦; ■*■.♦: > ♦! > f*. >.* >.♦: ;< .♦; >!:♦; :♦..♦. ;♦♦] .♦.» ♦ ♦; >:* .♦..♦: ;♦.:« :♦.« :♦;♦: ;♦.* >* :♦..«[ :♦:♦; :♦.* :• ♦: ♦ ♦' .♦. ♦' ♦ ♦' :♦::♦: ;♦■*. :♦■:« :♦« *« ♦. ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; :♦:* ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: '♦.♦: .♦.:♦! :♦■'♦; ;♦:* ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ■♦:,♦; :■»•';♦; :♦;;«: :♦:>: :♦:*; :♦"♦; .♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :*::oi >:;♦; :■»■>: ;*;>: ;<>::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::* ;♦;;♦; :*:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;-* :*:♦; :♦;':« >::♦; >:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:*; >::♦: '*;:♦: '*;>: :*:♦; »::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:•>: >::*; :«:;« :♦;;«! »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:.« ;♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦;:« :>»::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; ;♦:;♦; :♦:'*: >:>: !c»: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; '*:»; :♦::♦: :♦::« >■'« :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; »"♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :•»::« :♦:>: :♦;:* :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:;•« :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>; of November, or in December, 1843, Hy- rum Smith (brother of Joseph Smith, President of the Church of Jesus Christ, of Latter-Day Saints) came to my house in Nauvoo, Illinois, and taught myself and wife the doctrine of spiritual wives or polygamy. "He said he heard the voice of the Lord give the revelation on spiritual wifery (or pol3'gam3') to his brother Joseph, and that while he had heretofore opposed the doc- trine, he was wrong, and his brother Joseph was right all the time. "He told me to make a selection of some young woman and he would seal her to me, and take her to my home, and if she should have an heir to give out word that she had a husband who had gone on a mis- sion to a foreign country. He seemed displeased when I decHned to do so. "E. RoBixsox. "Davis City, Iowa, Oct. 23, 1885. "Subscribed and sworn to before me, a Notary Public iu and for Decatur Coun- ty, Iowa, this 24th day of October. A. D. [l. s.] "Z. H. GURLEY, Notary Public." The Gurleys take to the ministry of the gospel and practice of the law naturally-, one of the famil}- having been Attorney-General of the State of Louisi- ana, and another, John A. Gurley, Univcr- salist minister, and member of Congress, from Ohio. Z. H., himself, is noted as an able reasoner, and possessed of good ora- torical powers, having, as a rule, full houses of attentive listeners wherever he speaks, and, notwithstanding the oppro- brium of the name Mormon, has for years been permitted the use of various church- houses, assisted by ministers of various denominations, and all simply because he preaches the gospel, and abuses no sect nor people. He has very many firm friends in the county. -e - *. «■. * * ■» c ♦ v » w. .T V. :f. v V. y. ,v. X*>>>"*>»>>>»»>>>^ > V « ,r V :«::♦; 544 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. >:>: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: !»:•»: !♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: >;:« >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::«> :♦;:♦; :♦::« >::♦: :♦;>; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::* >::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦':♦; :♦;;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« sc« :♦:»; :*:« :♦:;« :♦::« !♦;•♦; :♦::« :♦::« ;♦::« :♦:*" >::♦: !«'"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦! :♦::•«£ :♦:;♦; :♦:;« :♦::•« :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦' >::♦: [♦::* »::* :♦;:« :♦;;«> »::« s»::«i »::♦: !♦::♦; :♦::••! !»;;♦: »::■«■ 5»::« :♦;:♦; :♦:;■« :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:« :■♦:« :♦::« '*:♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦; :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: BENEZER J. ROBINSON, of La- moni, Iowa, has been a resident of Decatur County since the autumn of 1873, when he made his home on section 16, Fayette Township. He at that time bought two improved farms in that sec- tion, each containing 160 acres, and later added an additional eighty acres. He also owns 120 acres of land in Bloomington Township, and forty acres of timber land in Harrison County, Missouri. His par- ents, Joseph and Maria (Wood) Robinson, were natives of V^ermont and New York respectively. They were married in Oneida County, New York, and there the subject of this sketch was born, October 19, 1835. In the spring of 1841 the family removed to Hancock County, Illinois, where they joined the Latter-Day Saints. The father was a man of large means, and the expulsion of the Saints from Nauvoo, Illinois, was disastrous to him financially, although he managed to save much of his property, and is quite wealth3^ The fam- ily on their way to Salt Lake City, spent two winters where Omaha now stands. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood at Farmington, Utah Terri- tory'. In 184S he renounced Mormonism as taught by Brigham Young and his apostles, and later joined the Reorganized Cluircli of the Latter-Day Saints, of which he is still a member. He was engaged in stock-raising in the mountains of Montana and Utah, where he spent twelve or thir- teen years. In 1861 he began farming and stock-raising in Alameda County, Califor- nia. He was married in that county in 1863, to Miss Chloe A. Young, a native of Hancock County, Illinois, and a daughter of Daniel P. Young. They have seven chil- dren living — Delmer E., Amelia M., Alice Elnora, Martha, Frederick D., Amanda C. and Walter Y. Their second child. Album, died in California in his third year, and Marion, their sixth child, died in Fayette .*:•; ♦:♦ !»;;^ II m *^ m :♦::« *S :♦::« !•>:♦: *;^ :♦;* >;:« :♦:*' :♦::« >::« :♦::* :♦::« :♦:;«! 'MM >::* :♦::« :♦:;•[ MM MM MM MrM MM 'MM 'M'M »:*• :♦::«! 'M'M 'MM >.:♦: :*:«! 'MM •MM MM MM 'MM MM •MM 'MM MM ■MM ■MM :♦::« 'M'M MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM MM 'MM 'MM MM ■MM '♦;■♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 54S Township, Decatur County. In 1886 Mr. Robinson erected a tine residence in La- moiii, where he now resides. He has three dwelling houses on his farms in Fay- ette Township, two and a half miles from Lamoni. He has stocked most of his property, and has rented all of it on five- year leases. In his political views Mr. Robinson casts his suffrage with the Re- publican party. LFRED CU.MMIN'GS, section I, New Buda Township, is one of Decatur County's earliest settlers. He located on section 2, New Buda Township, in the spring of 1856, and improved a farm of 160 acres, living there until the fail of 1865, when he moved to section i, and has now 160 acres of good land, it being one of the best stock farms in the count}', Grand River crossing his land and thus giving him su- perior water privileges. He also owns fif- ty-six acres of land on section 7, Hamilton Township. Mr. Cummings was born in Spottsylvania County, Virginia, November 6, i823,asonof Thomas and Mary Cum- mings. His father was a native of Massa- chusetts and his mother of Virginia. When he was an infant his parents moved to Crawford County, Indiana, and tliere made a home in the dense wilderness, rearing their children to lives of usefulness. The father died at the age of forty-five years and the mother aged sevent3--six. Alfred was the third of their nine children, and onlv one beside him, Mrs. Sarah Cunningham, of Crawford County, Indiana, is living. He remained with his mother after his father's death, until twenty-three years of age, when he left home to seek his own fortunes. He was married July 8, 1849, to Miss Bath- sheba Stone, a native of Crawford County, Indiana, born February 23, 1827, daughter ol John and Nancy Stone. To them have been born nine children, three of whom — Alice, Robert, and an infant son are de- ceased. Mrs. Sarah Dunn lives in Reno County, Kansas ; Thomas and Jenus, of New Buda Township; Reuben in f^eno Countv, Kansas ; Jose]ih in New Buda, and Mrs. Mary Hanks in Rice County, Kansas. In politics Mr. Cummings is a Republican, being one of the three who first voted that ticket in his township. He and his wife have been members of the United Breth- ren church twenty-five years. They are witlely known and are universally respected for their many noble traits of character, and are numbered among the most prominent of the pioneer couples of Decatur County. ;R. DAVID MACY, deceased, was one of the old and honored pioneers of Pleasanton, Hamilton Township, with whose interests he was identified for many years. He was a native of North Carolina, born in the year 1824. At the age of fif- teen years he accompanied his parents to Grundy County, Missouri, where he studied medicine with Dr. Thompson, one of the first practicing physicians in that part of the State. He was married at the age of eighteen years to Miss Caroline Gibson, who was bjrn in Davis County, Missouri. He began the practice of medicine at Beth- any, Missouri, at the age of twenty-three years. His wife died in 1853, leaving at her death three children — E. C, a success- ful physician of Pleasanton ; Naomi, who died in 1875, aged twenty-seven years, and Cynthia. Dr. Macy was again married, in 1854, to Miss Sarah Lee, by whom he had three children, of whom only one is now living, named Odious. The names of those deceased are Viola and Orvilla. In 1855 Dr. Macy removed with his family to Pleasanton, Decatur County, where his wife died, in 1858. He was a third time ^♦-♦>>>>-.»j»>.«,».».» .♦.♦.♦.♦:♦>.♦.♦,.♦.♦:♦_♦_♦..♦..♦..♦.♦ ,♦.♦.♦.•>;♦♦.♦.♦•.♦>:♦.♦>.♦.♦>♦ :*.*.*.» mm M.».:MM.*»».f .*.*-.* m MM MM 'MM !»;:♦: MM. i !»:♦: !♦:;♦: •MM MM. :♦;;* •MM 'MM 'MM m 'MM ;♦>; >A MM •MM MM ■MM 'MM 'MM ;** MM. •MM. 'MM •MM. M'M 'MM 'M.M :«< ;♦:« 'MM •MM >::« •MM MM M.'M. ^ 'MM •MM MM M,'M 'MM MM •mm MM Si* MM MM •MM MM M'M. 'MM 'MM. •MM ;♦:;«( 'MM MM MM MM !♦:« MM m:m 'MM MM MTM MM !»"♦; :♦::♦: MM. MM MM MM MM MM MM. M'M MM ■«♦: :*•»■■»■ :♦;:* »: •♦•■*: :<■:■!>; :♦;■»: :♦::<■: :♦::*; :♦:•»; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:»; •»■"♦: ;♦"•>: ;♦::«•: :♦;:♦; :♦:;* :♦"♦: :♦;•»: :♦:•♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:»; »;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::«: :♦;:■«': ;*::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•#■:♦; :♦"♦' :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: •»:■»■ »: :«■:;♦; ;*:<»: ;♦::♦: ;♦!>; :♦:••; ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: •»;■*: :♦::♦: ■»:*: ;♦;:♦: :«•:♦■; •»"«; :♦:;♦: >::♦: I*:;*: ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;«•; :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; •♦:>; :♦::♦: '*:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:'♦: >:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:!♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦;*: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦"♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;•♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 546 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. married, in 1863, to Miss Margaret Crunk- shank, of Decatur County, who is now a resident of Jamesport, Missouri. The doc- tor resided at Pleasanton until 1873, where he had a large and successful practice, his circuit extending from thirty to forty miles. In 1873 he removed to Jamesport, Mis- souri, where he lived till 1880, his death oc- curring in that year. The doctor was a self-made man in every respect, and at his death left many warm friends. He was a member of the Odd Fellows order. tH. GILREATH, farmer, is a promi- nent pioneer of Decatur County, and ® resides on section 26, where he owns 1 50 acres of land. He was born in Whitley County, Kentucky, in 1831, son of William B. and Dorcas (Holt) Gilreath, the former a native of North Carolma, and the latter of Kentucky. He was reared to farm life, and has followed that occupation all his life. He was married in Decatur County, in 1850, to Margaret McReynolds, who was born in 1832, and died in 1864. They had four children — William B., John, of Kansas; Maria, wife of Cass Ouiett ; James, and Celia, wife of Mack Calfee. In 1867 Mr. Gilreath married Eliza J. Bryant, born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. Their children are — Thomas, Lula, Harry, Jennie, Atha and Florence. Mr. Gilreath came to De- catur Count}' in 1865. He has served as justice of the peace, and in politics is a Democrat. ^3- -E>- B. AKER, section 30, Grand River Township, postoffice, Kellerton, is '** one of the enterprising and success- ful men of his township. He has been identified with Decatur County many years, and is a well-known and widely-re- spected citizen. He is one of the prosper- ous agriculturists, and has made his prop- erty by his own industry and good man- agement. He is a native of Indiana, born in Michigan City, October 15, 1848, a son of Jacob and Catherine (Barney) Aker, na- tives of Pennsylvania. When he was six years of age his parents moved to Iowa and located in Carroll County, going thence a year later to Winneshiek County, and in 1856 to Decatur County, being among the pioneers of Decatur Township. Our subject's earl)- life was spent in assist- ing on the farm, attending school when his services were not required at home, and in 1881 he was engaged in freighting in Da- kota and Nebraska nearl)' one _vear, and re- turned and located on the farm where he now lives, which contains 150 acres of good land, well watered and having sufficient timber for shade and shelter of liis stock, in the raising of which he has been ver}' successful. He was married June 15, 1876, to Miss Genira Hall, daughter of James and Lucinda Hall, of Decatur County. They have had six children, five of whom are living — Minnie C, Ada B., Robert Benton, Nettie Luella and Anna Pearl. George William is deceased. In politics Mr. Aker affiliates with the Republican party. m HUGHES is a native of Count}- Longford, Ireland, born in the ~i,&~-' year 1838. His father died in Ireland, and when twelve years of age, in 1850, he accompanied his mother to Amer- ica, and located in the city of Hamilton, Canada, where he remained nine years, learning in the meantime the cabinet- maker's trade. His mother was married a second time to James Clark, and in 1857 moved to Johnson County, Iowa, and two years later was followed by our subject. Immediately after his arrival in Johnson County he engaged in farming and during :♦ .♦■.,♦, ♦:«■::♦; ;«::♦: :■»::♦; ;♦::♦: ;«"♦; ->:;♦; >::♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: ■»::♦; ;♦::♦; ■♦:;♦: :■«•;♦; ■♦•;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;>: :♦;'♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;■»: :♦;:♦; >:■»; >::♦: •♦:>; Wk :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :*::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: ;♦:♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦; !»::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦;>; ;♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::* :♦::* :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :«•:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::«•- ♦>-vj»"«!>r#:c*rc«i5>>>::cc»>>:>"«:*::*::c*:»"*:«:c«»"c^^ ».♦. )»■* »::♦: »:»: »:« *::♦: »::« »::♦: !►::♦: »::♦; »::♦; !»::♦: »::♦: :«::«': »>; »::♦: *»: »;;♦: »:;♦: *:♦: »:;♦: *;♦: !»;:♦: !»::♦: »::« »:;♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: »::«: »:♦: »>: :♦:«• s>; >::♦; :•::♦: :♦::♦; »:;♦: »;;«: !»:♦: !»::<»; :♦::♦: >::♦: !^« .♦:♦; *:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: !»;:«{ :♦::♦: !♦>■ !»::♦: !»:;♦: !♦:;♦: »::*: ;♦::♦: »: »>: w:« !»:>: :♦:♦: !»;>: »;:*: *:♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦: !»:*; :•::« <»;.♦: :♦::♦: )»::♦: V.'M !»::♦: •»:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦ !»:;♦! !♦:♦! >:•: ;♦;* .♦♦; >;>: !•:♦: '♦*: >♦; > ♦! '.f.*. >.♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 54'; the same year bought eighty acres of land, making that county his home nine years. In i86g he moved to Clarke County and bought a farm in Knox Township, where he lived until the fall of 1880, when he moved to Weldnn and embarked in the hardware and farm implement business, to whicii lie has since added furniture, and is now recognized as one of tiie prominent and influential citizens of the town. Mr. Hughes was married Februar)' 26, 1865, to Miss Theresa Bonham, daughter of Rev. S. H. Bonham, a verv prominent and es- teemed citizen of Johnson County, wlio came to Clarke County with Mr. Hughes in 1869, and bought a neigiiboring farm in Knox Township, where he died and where his widow still lives. Mr. and Mrs. Hughes have had a family of five children, three sons and two daughters. One daughter died in infancy. Those living are — Alfred E., Walter Scott. Carrie A. and Carlton Bon- ham. Mr. Hughes is a member of the Odd Fellows order, lodge at Wcldon. St^UOTOTv. fW. HARTMAN, merchant, Wood- land, Iowa, is a native of Highland » County, Ohio, born September 27, 1848, a son of Nelson and Arbclia Hart- man, natives of Virginia. Our subject's early life was spent in Rainsboro, where he was educated, and at an early age began to learn the carpenter's trade, at which he worked several years. In October, 1871, he came to Iowa and 1 ocated on a farm in Woodland Township, Decatur County, where he lived until January, 1885, en- gaged in working at his trade, in connec- tion with farming. January 9, 1885, he, in company with William Curry, bougiit the stock of G. A. Graham, a merchant, of Woodland, and formed the firm of Hart- man & Curry. March i. 1885, Mr. Hart- man bought Mr. Curry's interest, and has since continued the business alone. He carries a complete stock of dry -goods, boots and shoes, staple and fancy groceries, hardware, queensware, etc., and by his fair dealing and m :♦:♦: !♦>: :*:>: )*>: ».:♦: !»::♦; »::« ;•::♦: :•>: :♦:♦ •»;♦; !»•:♦; ».:*. :♦'♦: ♦ ♦, .♦. ,♦: ,♦: .♦; .♦:♦. :♦..♦' .♦ ♦. .♦ ♦; *>: *;♦: :*:>: '!>''.* :•:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; i»* .♦'■♦; V ♦, .♦.♦! >..♦. ;♦;:♦; :♦.:♦; :♦:>; :♦.»; :♦:♦: .• ♦: ;♦ •: )».♦; .♦>: '*:♦: ;♦..♦. >:♦. *.». :♦:'♦: :«:♦: »::«: »;:♦: :♦:♦■ :♦"♦: :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦, ♦ ♦ ,♦ ♦. .♦♦' :♦♦ ♦ * ♦ ♦ :♦♦ :♦♦ :♦.♦. :* • * - ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ******** t :*.:■*; :«:« :♦;:♦: MM :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::« »r* >::♦: :♦::« »::« :«:« :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦:;« :♦:.« :♦:;« •»"♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦:>: ;♦:;♦; :«.« :♦::« •♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:•« ;♦;•« :♦::« »::« »::« :♦::* »::♦: :♦"'« >::« :♦::« *;^ :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦-♦: :♦::♦: :♦"« *j« >>: :♦:»: :♦::♦; »: :♦:« :♦;:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•»; J^ ♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;■« !♦:;♦; :♦"♦; ^M :♦>: :*::♦: Wi :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; :•♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; >::♦. !»:;«! >::♦; ;♦"♦; :♦..♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; '♦:>: .♦:>: :♦:♦; >:;♦: :*:■»>. ;♦;.♦: 548 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. little home. By subsequent ])urchase he has kept adding to it until he now owns a fine farm. His son Phillip married Thyrza Shaw and they have one child — Edna L. Richard married Lillie Hooker and they have one child — Verda A. Mr. Young is a man highly respected in his communit)'. Postoffice, Garden Grove. W-^rTflLLIAM E. GAMMON, farmer, ■\, \l\jk section 2, Eden Township, is one 1^=^^] of the pioneers of Decatur County. In December, 1850, his father, Dozier B. Gammon, came here and entered 400 acres of land on sections i, 2, and 11, and in February of the following year William E. started with his family, his mother and two younger brothers, coming overland with wagon and team. They first stopped in Monroe County for a few months, and then completed their journey to this county. The father joined his family in April. There were five sons, and all but the two eldest, George and James, come in 185 1, they having settled in Wapello Count)' previous to that time upon land they had entered. In 1852 the father purchased by- land warrant the land that now constitutes the county farm of Decatur County. The youngest son settled upon this land, and in the spring of 1866 the father sold it to the county. He made his individual settle- ment on section 2, adjoining his son, Will- iam E. His wife was formerly . Levina Turbyville. She died July 13, 1856. Mr. Gammon then lived with his sons several years, and then married a second time. He died November 21, 1869. He was born May 23, 1792, in Virginia, and his wile was born July 2, 1791, in South Carolina. The five sons are — George, lesiding in this township ; James, who died in this town- ship, February II, 1886; William E., Hugh C, of Nebraska, and Lee H., of Mills County, this State. William E. was born near Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1827, and removed with his parents to Indiana in 1828, where he lived twenty-one years. He was married in the spring of 1849, to Caroline Jenkins, who was born in Putnam County, Indiana, in 1830. Her parents were natives of Kentucky, but removed to Indiana when young. They live with their daughter, Caroline. Mr. and Mrs. Gam- mon have six children, all born in Eden Township. They are — Levina, Ellen, Laura, Docia, Leroj- and Bertha. All was very new when Mr. Gammon came here. The Indians had been removed two years before, but were often seen, and frequently returned to hunt and make maple sugar. Mr. and Mrs. Gammon are the oldest set- tlers in their neighborhood. Mr. Gammon has 280 acres in his farm, and his improve- ments are all good. The Gammons were formerl}' Democrats of the Jackson school, but lately have been identified with the Greenback movement, and are known as the Progressive Liberals and Free Think- ers, and are not identified with any relig- ious denomination. SOOO^ tYMAN FORGRAVE, contractor and builder at Leon, was born in Muskin- gum County, Ohio, July 10, 1844, son of John and Harriet (Gordon) Forgrave, natives of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The mother is still living at the age of seventy- five years. The father died in 1882 aged eighty years. They were the parents of eight children, seven of whom are living — Andrew Perry ; Louisa, wife of William Turner, of Plattsmouth, Nebraska ; Robert, a resident of California ; Harriet, wife of Minor Wightman; John, a resident of Mt. Pleasant, this State ; Albert and Lyman. In 1862 Mr. Forgrave enlisted as drummer in Band Four, Fifteenth Army Corps, and :♦:;•« :♦;:« :♦;:« :♦:;« ;♦::*! :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« 'MM 'MM 'MM w:m :♦::« :♦::« :♦::•« 'MM 'MM 'MM ;♦::« ■M'M 'MM !»::« 'MM 'MM 'MM MM 'MM 'MM MM 'MM •MM 'MM ■MM 'MM :*;:* .*;:■»> 'MM '*:♦: W.M :♦;:* 'M'M 'M'M 'MM 'MM M'M MM 'MM :♦::* w:m 'M'M :♦;;♦: MM :♦::* 'MM 'MM MM 'MM :♦::♦; 'MM 'MM W.:M w:m •f.M MM 'MTM 'MM 'MM 'M.M 'MM 'M.'M 'MM 'm:m M'M ■MM 'MM 'mm !♦::«! 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'M.M !■•♦:♦: MrM 'MM MM 'MM MM 'MM MM MM 'M.M 'MM ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; ■m:m MM M.M MM MM 'm:m 'M.'MMM m:m:m.'M '.* *'■ ^ :♦::«> :♦:>. :♦:* :♦:* :♦::«! :♦::«> :♦:;•! :♦:;•! >::•! :♦::«> :♦::♦" >:» :♦:* :♦:;«! :'«:«! »; :♦;;•! :♦:* ;♦:;♦! :♦:;♦; >;:♦: ;♦:,♦; :♦:*• :♦:;« :♦:;♦: >:;♦; >:>; :♦;;♦: :♦:;«! :♦::«! :♦::«! :♦::«! :♦::«! >■» :♦:;♦; :«:>: ;♦::* :♦::«! >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;•! :♦:;♦! :♦;;«! :♦:*• :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:* :♦:;«) :♦::♦; >.;♦! :♦::« :♦,;«! ;♦,:♦! :♦:« ;♦.;« ;♦::« .♦.«! :*M ;♦,;«! ;*::^ :♦;«! :♦,;•> :♦.* :♦.;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;« ♦:;♦; -»:♦: .♦:'♦: ,♦::♦: ♦ :♦! .♦.♦: ■♦:* :♦::♦; ♦::♦! ♦ :♦! ♦ * ■».:♦; :♦;:♦; ♦ :♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKE TCIIES. 549 was mustered out July 7, 1865, at Louis- ville, Kentucky. He residccl in Chicago for a time, where he built the Silver Smelt- iuyf Works for the Swansy Smelting Com- pany. He also built the court-house in Leon. He was married June iS, 1872, to Nannie, daughter of Judge Lorenzo H. and Mary A. (Wartenbe) Sales, natives of Ohio, whocamc to Decatur county in 1S56, where they still reside. Their three children are — Lewis C, Frank R. and Mrs. Forgrave. Mr. and Mrs. Forgrave liave four children — Harry S., [Robert L., Leslie L. and Paul L. Mr. Forgrave owns a fine brick residence and a brick business block opposite the postoflicc. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Ma- sonic fraternitv, and of the I"vnights Temp- lar. ^jk.»^.f^ :*'M »; :♦;♦! :♦:•> >:«i >.:♦; '.*.'.*•, »! !♦::•; »::* :♦::♦; >>; »: >::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::•; :♦::«! :♦::•! >::«! :♦:«> »: »:«! >"♦: :♦;:•! »; :♦;:«! :♦:* :♦:;♦: MM 'M'M ■m:m >:>: :•;♦: :♦::* :♦:;•( :♦::♦' :♦::* :♦:;«) ♦^* :♦.:♦; :♦;:*> :♦;:♦: >::♦: :«:>: :♦:;♦: :♦:;* :♦;;♦! :♦::«! »: :«::«! :♦:;♦! :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; !♦:«! :♦;«« :♦.:♦; )M.M :♦;;« :♦:*! MM :♦:*• !♦;«! :♦.;♦: ;♦..♦: :♦>; MM MM m:m m:m MM •MM :♦:♦! m:m :♦::« m:m MM MTM :♦>: :♦■■♦: MM MM M.M MM L. CHESTER, physician and sur- ..„., geon, Garden Grove, is a son of >^ * Joseph and Jane (Robinson) Ches- ter, natives of New Jersey and Pennsylva- nia respectively, and of Scotch and English ancestry. His paternal great-grandfather emigrated from England, and was one of the pii^neer settlers of Pennsylvania. His maternal great-grandfather was an early settler of Ohio. His father is still living near Carthage, Missouri. The doctor was born in Kosciusko County, Indiana, .March 4, 1843. He remained on a farm until eighteen years of age, when he en- listed in Company M, Fourth Iowa Cavalry, and served three years and si.\ months. He was in the battles of Vicksburg, Arkan- sas Post, Jackson, Tupelo, Guntovvn, and T-rrT 1 LLI.\.M E. FIERCE, a prominent many others of less note. He was taken \/\j ' ' -^ ' -^ ' - - prisoner and escaped by jumping from the train, while it was running at full speed. He was mustered out December 4, 1864. at Memphis, Tennessee. He then engaged in the drug business in Jefferson County, Iowa. He attended medical lectures in Keokuk, Iowa, two terms, and graduated in 1880. He practiced in Wayne County two years, and in 1885 settled in Garden Grove, where he commands a large and lucrative practice. The doctor owns 120 acres of land, a dwelling and three lots. He was married in 1865, to Clara E. Green, of Fairfield, Iowa ; and to them were born two children. His wife died in 1872, and in 1873 he married her sister, Olive J. Green. _[EORGE BASON, section 30, Bloom- •^ ington Township, is one of the enter- prising and successful agriculturists of Decatur County, Iowa. He is the son of Griphas and Sarah Bason, natives of Staffordshire, England, who came to America in 1838, and located in Pennsyl- vania, where he was born. In his early manhood his parents moved to Peoria, Illinois, and when he was twenty-five years of age he came to Decatur County, buying eightv acres of wild land. He married Mary Niece, daughter of George and Ver- linda Niece, of Decatur County, and began his improvements in 1872. His efforts have been crowned with success, and he now owns 300 acres of good land, 200 being in Ringgold County. His residence is a pleasant frame building, and his other im- provements have been made with a view to providing a home for the comfort and convenience of his familv- -E||3^-<--{£3-«— nnier of Long Creek Township, ,— ,rr, resides on section 34, where he owns 320 acres of land, 120 acres under cultivation, the other 200 acres being pas- ture land. He was born in Hamilton County, Indiana, March 10, 1843, son of E. W. and Mary (Criswell) Fierce, natives »!:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: 550 :♦:•♦: :♦"♦; !»::♦: :♦::♦: »;;♦; >::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦::♦; !♦;:♦; >;:♦: :♦;:♦; :■♦••»; :♦;:♦; ;♦;>; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; *;♦; :♦::♦: <»:;♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦.:♦: »;:•*■ :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦"♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦:'*: :♦::♦; ;♦"♦: ;♦::♦: »;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; *::♦: :♦;:♦: »:>: :♦:>: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;>; :♦;:♦; :•»"♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: wm :♦"♦; :♦::♦: »"♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: !»::♦: :♦;* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;*; *;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦•:;♦: :♦:* :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: !»;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. also of Indiana. When he was seven years of age his parents moved to Knox County, Illinois, and in the fall of 1857 came to Iowa, first living three years in Jefferson County. He was reared to farm labor, an occupation he has since followed success- fully. During the late war he went forward in defense of his country, enlisting in 1862, in Company I, Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry, but was rejected on account of disability. In 1864 he again enlisted in Company C, Fort3'-eighth Iowa Infantry, and served till his term of enlistment expired. He was married in Decatur County, in 1867, to Miss Ann West, daughter of William and Elizabeth West, natives of Circleville, Ohio, who was born in 1850, in Pickaway County, Ohio. Their children are — Charlie F., Ebeiiezer W., William W., Mer- tie M., John E., Nellie E., Bertha E. and Dora M. Mr. Fierce is at present post- master of Fierce. The office was named for his father, an honored pioneer of the settlement. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist Protestant church. Poli- tically he is a Republican, and does all he can to promote the best interests of the party. -13 «Ei|G« ei- MITCHELL, son of Enos and Har- riet N. (Chaffin) Mitchell, natives of 1® Virginia, was born in Keokuk, Iowa, December 19, 1853. His parents died before he was twelve years of age, and until attaining his majority he worked on a farm, attending school during the winter. He taught several terms of school to in- crease his financial resources, and, finally determining to make the profession of medi- cine his lifework, in 1875 he began studying with Dr. J. N. Holland, of Smj-r- na, Clarke County, Iowa, continuing under his preceptorship three jears. He subsequently attended and graduated from the Keokuk College of Physicians and Sur- geons, and after his graduation located in Clarke Count}', where he lived about a year, when he moved to Weldon, Decatur County, where he has built up a large and lucrative practice. He has been a success- ful practitioner, taking an interest in his profession, and by study and consultation with his older brethren in the profession, has gained an enviable reputation, being recognized as one of the rising young phy- sicians of the county. Dr. Mitchell was married October 16, 1879, to Miss Emma Hogue, daughter of William and Lucinda Hogue, of Clarke County. They have one son — Clairemont H. Dr. and Mrs. Mitchell are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. lUGENE DANCER, lumber dealer, .\^. and dealer in all kinds of agricultural ^:^l implements, at Lamoni, is a son of David Dancer, and was born in Will County, Illinois, near Joliet, December 2, 1858. He was reared on the homestead in Will County till he attained the age of seventeen years, when he accompanied his parents to Piano, Illinois, who came to De- catur County, Iowa, the following year, and located in Fayette Township. Eugene Dancer remained with his parents till his marriage, which occurred March i, 1879, to Miss Cora Barr. Mrs. Dancer was born in Indiana, May 6, 1857, and in the sprmg of 1877, came to Fayette Township with her parents, Charles and Elzina Barr, who still make their home in that township. Mr. Dancer, after his marriage, located on a farm on section 8, Fayette Township, where he improved 280 acres, living there until 1882, since which time he has lived in Lamoni, and is now one of the leading business men of the place. He has a good residence propert}' in block 6, owning the whole block. He still has the farm, which is well stocked with Clydesdale and Eng- :♦:;♦: :♦.;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦•; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:•♦: :♦;;♦: .*:;♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >;;♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:■»: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦; >:;«': :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:»; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: >:>! >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >:>: >::♦: »: :♦;;♦; :♦"♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:■••: :♦'♦: >"♦: :♦:>: :«::♦: ;♦;•»; >;:♦: >:>: ;♦"♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦;:♦; ;♦:>; ;♦;;♦' :♦;:«! ;♦;;♦: ;♦:>; :♦;;♦; >:;♦; •»:>; :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: >:;♦; ;♦:>: m >"*: >:;♦; >;;♦: >:.♦: >;;♦: :♦'>; >■>; >':♦:;♦: BJOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 661 ♦ 4>. :♦::« :♦:'♦: :♦:'♦' .♦:♦: ♦ ♦: :♦ ♦; .♦ ♦: .♦•; :♦♦: :♦:♦: ;♦:.♦; ;♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: ■*>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦"♦: *:♦: :♦::♦: '♦:.♦: :♦>: :♦:♦: ■♦::♦: :*♦; :♦■:«• •»:♦: :♦::♦: !*>; ■»:.♦; !»:>: '♦:♦: ,♦::♦; '♦;;♦: :♦::♦: I** :♦:♦: ■*::♦: *>; :♦:.♦: :♦;:* :♦;:♦: :*;:♦: :«::♦: :«:>: ■»::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::•: :♦)♦; :♦:♦; :♦:>: :♦!>: :<•;.♦: >:♦! :♦'♦! >.♦: :♦'*: !♦>; :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦'* :♦:♦: ■(»>; ;♦» :♦>; >:♦: :•:;♦: '♦!;♦: /»:«: :♦:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:>: :♦:.♦: :♦:'♦: ■♦'♦! •!*' ■»:♦; .*:.♦; :•>: ■»:♦: !♦'♦; >;♦! >;♦: :♦:♦! ;»:♦: ;♦ ♦: ;♦ ♦: '4 ♦ lish draft horses, owned by himself. He has duriny; his rcsicicnce won the respect of all who know him by his hoiiorahk- di-aiings with his fellow citizens. tELOS F. NICHOLSON, hardware merchant at Lamoni, was born in Schuyler Countv, New York. Decem- ber II, 1855, a son of Charles and Fanny (Cady) Nicholson, natives of New York State, the father born in Dutchess County, and the mother in Oneida County. The father was the voungcst of a family of ten children. He removed with his family to Sandwich, Illinois, in 1870, and died August 27, 1883, aged sixtv-four years. He had been in the book business forty years, com- mencing as a canvasser, and afterward, as a dealer and general agent, furnishing em- ployment to others, handling the works of standard authors, Bibles, encyclopa2dias, etc. After moving to Illinois he bought a farm, where he resided when not traveling. His widow still occupies the homestead, which is located near Sandwich, living with her two youngest chiUlren. and isnow fifty-eight years of age. Delos F. Nichol- son, our subject, remained in his native county till he came with his parents to Sandwich, Illinois. At the age of seven- teen years he devoted his earnings to edu- cating himself, attending the high school at Sandwich, and later attended the clas- sical seminary at East Paw Paw, Illinois. He devoted the following four years to teaching, during which time he taught one year in the public school at Paw Paw, and one year in the Paw Paw Seminary, finishing his career as an instructor in the Sandwich High School, where a few years previous he was a pupil. In the spring of 1880 he went to Salt Lake City and en- gaged in the agricultural trade, and soon after entered the employ of D. M. Osborne & Co., of Auburn, New York, implement manufacturers, with a branch house at Salt Lake City, holding the position of book- keeper and cashier for that firm for five years, and also at times acted as special traveling agent. He was married March 6, 1878, at Sandwich, Illinois, to Miss Min- nie Blair, who was born at Fast Paw Paw. August I. 1855, only daughter of W. W. and Elizabeth Blair, now residents of La- moni. They have two sf)ns — Henry Carl, aged seven, and Walter Blair, aged three. Mr. Nicholson resigned his position with D. M. Osborne & Co. in January, 1886, and came to Lamoni, where he had previously invested his earnings in property, thus giv- ing to this place one of its most enterpris- ing business men. He established his pres- ent business in March, 1886, and carries tlie largest stock of hardware in Decatur County, everything in his line being found on the shelves of his warehouse. Mr. Nicholson is one of the self-made men of the county. One of his first ambitions was to be placed in charge of tlie high school at Sandwich. Illinois, which he had entered as a student, and this desire was gratified, and he honored the position. As a busi- ness man he had charge of vast interests and was never found lacking in energy or executive abilit)-. Being a close observer of men and nature as well as of books, his travels through Oregon, Montana, Idaho and Colorado have endowed him with a well-stored mind. Several times he has crossed the backbone of the continent and has stood where waters flowed to both the Atlantic and Pacific To our subject's par- ents were born eight children, of whom five are yet living — .Arthur, a dentist li\ ing at Edgerton, Wibv-.nsin ; Delos F., whose name heads this sketch ; Louisa R., wife of L. W. Jamison, of East Paw Paw. Illinois, and Thomas C. and Lybie \V., liv- ing at the homestead near Sandwich. Three children, Mary, Florence and Helen, .♦,.* *•« ■♦"♦: '♦♦: :♦'♦: >:♦: ;♦:«; ♦;:♦: «:«: :♦:« ;•::•; '♦"♦; ♦ ♦ :♦.♦: :♦::«>: »:« •♦■♦' >■ > ♦ ♦ ♦:« :♦:■* ■*♦ ♦ ♦ > ♦. :♦::♦; ;«::*: >:;« ;♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::•: :♦::♦' :♦:♦: ■♦;•: :♦:♦: :♦'♦! ♦'«; **" :♦'■«.■ :♦■♦" :♦'>' :♦'♦; >>. :♦:♦: *:♦' ♦ *' ;♦..♦. ♦"♦' ♦ *■ .♦«■ > ♦' :♦.*: :♦'•♦: :♦:.♦; ;♦♦ »: ♦ ♦: .♦'♦^ ,♦"♦: ♦ *. ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦! '♦ >" :♦.♦: ♦ ♦. ♦ * .♦ ♦. * * '0J>. ♦ .♦•>\*>>>-C4rcrc*:c«>:»;*>;!»:;*::c«;*"cc«;o::c*;«:c«»:* .♦.V.*..«,*;»>>>>>:A*>;.»:.*>*.»..».*;*.oX'»..**»..«.*>>>;*»:*>.*;».**.*«#..«*.>>>>.*.*jt*> :♦::♦; :♦::«; ■♦;>: !»;•»; !»;:♦; ■»::'•: :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦>; »::♦: ■*:;♦: :■«•:;■«■ :♦:;♦: *;;♦: :♦::♦: :«;♦; :♦:;♦: *;:♦: .*;:■*: :♦;:♦: >:% »;:♦: »::« »r« :♦::♦: :•♦::♦: :♦::♦; .*;* >»: :c«>: ;♦;»: ■♦::♦: »::« :♦::♦: !♦:»: :♦:>: :♦;;♦; »:<»: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: *;:♦; ■»::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:»: .*:;♦; :♦:>: :■♦:>: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:■»: :♦>; :♦>; :♦::♦; ■*:* ■♦:■♦: :♦:•♦: :♦:•♦: :♦::« :♦:!♦; >;:♦; ;♦::•♦: ;»::♦: !«•:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: »::♦: f»:>: ■♦]:♦: ■♦:'♦; *:;♦; :♦::•♦! *::♦; :«;:*: !♦::♦; *::« »; •♦::♦: !♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦•: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦>; :♦"♦; :*.,♦: >::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;:«! >;♦; >:*) :-.s .♦::<•»: 352 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. died when young, in the State of New York. During his career as a student and teacher, at odd hours he learned the pre- servative art, which trade he afterward fol- lowed during vacations to increase his earnings. He also acted as reporter and correspondent for several newspapers. His pen pictures of the Rocky Mountain country have appeared in several Eastern periodi- cals and been read with much interest. In 1882, Governor Murrav, of Utah, under the organic act, appointed Mr. Nicholson Territorial .Treasurer, but the Mormon Legislature afterward refused to confirm him because he was opposed to pol>-gamy. Mr. Nicholson is now thirty-one years old. Commencing life without a dollar, by his own energy and industry he has won a place among the foremost business men of the West. ^ «5g%>- e^ |OSES McHARNESS, the present f efficient mayor of Lamoni, is a na- i^^ tive of England, born m Lincoln- shire, July 31, 1824, a son of John and Mary McHarness, who lived in their native country, England, till their death. Our subject was left to care for himself early in life, and in his youth worked at various emploj'ments, gardening, farming, etc. He was married May 7, 1845, to Miss Susannah Forman, who was born July 27, 1826, a daughter of Edward and Susannah For- man. To this imion seven children have been born — Frances S., wife of J. N. Drake, of Van Buren County, Michigan ; Mary E., wife of W. G. Williams, of Lamoni ; Edward, of Van Buren County, Michigan; Phoebe J., married F. Doxtator, and died in Faj'ette Township, and their son Alma has been adopted by his grandparents ; Caroline, died aged twenty-two years ; Lavina A., at home ; Rosheltha A., wife of William Wiley, of Fayette Township. Mr. McHarness and his family are members of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. After his marriage Mr. McHarness made his home at Holdbrach, Lincolnshire, England. He traveled through several counties in England work- ing on public works. In Februarj', 1856, he came to America, landing at New York, and first located in Orleans County, town of Gains, that State, where he followed the stonemason's trade, and was other- wise emploj^ed for five years. He then lo- cated in Michigan, and in 1S61 bought a small farm in Van Buren County, town of Lawrence, where he lived for fifteen years, engaged in farming and working at his trade. He came to Fayette Township, Decatur County, Iowa, in the fall of 1876, where he bought sixty acres of land, and lived on that propertv till coming to La- moni in Februar3% 1881, where he owns a good residence property and three other houses. Mr. McHarness has done much toward building up Lamoni from its com- mencement. He laid the first stone work and erected the first chimney in the city. He had charge of the stone work of the church of the Latter-Day Saints, an edi- fice 50 X 91 feet, the estimated cost of this building being $14,000. In politics Mr. McHarness is a Republican. He was a member of the first city council of Lamoni, and in March, 1886, was elected to his pres- ent position of mayor. -^ -^»!^»i^^«s*f— i- EORGE W. WADSWORTH. farm- er, section 7, Center Township, is a son of John C. Wadsworth, one of the earl}' settlers of the township. His father was born in Hartford County, Maryland, Ma}' 5, 1797. He grew to manhood in his native county and there married Margaret Clinefelter who was born in Pennsylvania, November i, 1801. After marriage they removed to Pennsylvania and soon after to ;«•..»; :♦::♦: »:% ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::« *::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: »::«>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.*: ;♦::♦: :♦:■♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :•»;:'»: :♦:;♦: .*•»; ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: »-♦: :♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: :♦::«: .<»::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:•»■: >"♦; :♦::♦; :♦;*: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: *::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >x*: :♦:>; ;♦»«: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: *;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦;■»: >::«: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: »: :♦:■»; :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: !♦::♦: >"«• ;♦"♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: !»::♦: !»:>; •»::♦: >;;♦; >;:♦: ;♦;:«• :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ff.fi. >::♦: :♦:;♦; *:;♦: »; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ,♦:;♦; 'fr'ff. ff.'ff. ff.'fl. :♦;:♦; :■♦;;♦; >"♦;■»•; *:♦:;♦: t- 4> *«' **' '*' '*' ** '*' '*' *' '*' '< >-«.-«"«-*->»->-»->=g,^ggFg.tf-^'-A-^-. ;♦>. :♦:♦; :♦:♦: >>i ;♦>! >>! >:♦: >.;♦; '♦* .♦;«! ♦>; !♦;*■ (♦:;♦: !»:;«■: (»::♦: )•::♦: wrm !»:;♦; i »::« »>: K>: »::♦: !»;;♦: !►;♦: »::« (»:;* !►;>; !»::« »>: »>: »::« »:« »:« »:•♦! k:«! !»:;♦: »::♦: !»::« »;:« ■»::♦: »:»: »:'«! BIOGRAPIIICM. SKETCHES. .ws Ohio. In 1855 the family came to Iowa, settling upon land now owned by the sons. He improved the land and made a home for his family, living there until his death which occurred June 28, 1871. His wife survives and lives with her children. -She is in good general health, but is totally blind from a cataract. There were eleven children, eight of whc^m are living and five are residents of Decatur County. Two sons, Thomas J. and George, occupy the old homestead. A daughter, Mrs. Cather- ine Martin, also lives at the homestead. William lives in Ohio. The other children are — Mrs. Margaret Lumbeck, Mrs. Mary Sears, Francis M., of Durango, Mexico, and Mrs. Barbara Pcnniwell, of Leon. JARCUS L. HUBBARD resides on nt section 5, Morgan Township, al- •^.I^T* though his land is principally on section 6. He settled here in October, 1855. The only improvements on the land when he purchased it were a small log- cabin, and about three acres had been broken. This had been done by the former owner, Henry Blakcsly. Mr. Hubbard was born in Girard County, Kentucky, in 1825. His father, John Hubbard, was a native of the same State, and emigrated to Marion County, near Indianapolis, Indiana, and a year and a half later removed to Putnam County, where he remained until his death which occurred in 1862. His wife sur- vived him several years. There were eight children, four of whom arc living. Marcus L. and his brother Elijah are the only mem- bers of the family who settled in Iowa. .Marcus came to Davis County in 1S54. His family then consisted of his wife and two children. Mr. Hubbard has lived in Decatur County ever since he first came, with the exception of two years spent in Indiana, i864-'6. He was married in Put- nam County, Indiana, to Maranda A. Owens, a native of that State, and they have had seven children, six of whom are living — Sarah J., Rosa Ann, Mary A., James W., Albert Theodore and Hattie F. Elizabeth, the eldest, died at the age of thirteen years. The grandfather of Mr. Hubbard, Joseph Hubbard, was a native of Virginia, and removed to Kentucky at an early day, thence to Putnam County, Indi- ana, where he passed the remainder of his days. ^OIIN SCOTT, foreman in the Saints' '2^ Herald office, is a native of England, V^ born at South Shields, near Newcastle, November 3, 1S40, a son of John Scott, Sr. In early life he mastered the art of print- ing, working nine years in one office, the first he went into, at Seaham Harbour, Durham County, England. He was mar- ried .March 4, i866, in his native country, to Miss Sarah Watson. Mr. and Mrs. Scott immigrated to the United States, landing at New York June 5, 1866, and im- mediately came west, and settled in Ne- braska City, Nebraska Territory. Our subject found employment with the Ne- braska City Daily Press, and six months later became foreman of that office, re- maining there two years and five months. In November, 1868, he accepted the position of foreman in the Saints' Her- ald o^cc, at Piano, Illinois, which position he has since tilled, and for six years was a member of the Board of Publication, and one of the five members who located the office at Lamoni, and when the |)apcr was removed from Piano to Lamoni, Iowa, he came in charge of the same. Mr. and Mrs. Scott have five children — M. Annie, born in Nebraska City ; John W., Ethel G., Car- rie !'. and Lorna M., all born in IMano, Illi- nois. Mr. Scott has met with success since coming to America. He owns eighty i::: !•"♦: >'♦ )♦♦ .♦♦ !•:* >'• ;♦"♦' >> >,♦ >:♦ ;♦.;♦ >:♦ > ♦ ;♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ >.♦ !*.* !•:,♦: :♦> !»:;♦: ». :♦::♦: *:♦; !»::♦: (»::♦ ;♦::♦ <•:♦ > ♦ :♦.♦ ;♦;> :♦> ;♦;♦ ».:♦ !»::♦: !»::♦. i»> !»::*. !♦::♦: :♦"♦: '.*:.* !♦.♦ :♦::♦. :♦> i»> !♦::* !*:4 !»:» &> !•-♦ » !•:♦ !♦-♦ !»> !•;:♦ »:♦, !<:♦ !»;♦ w.* (♦::♦: .» :♦:;♦ :♦♦ !»♦ !•:.♦ !»:> ^. *:♦ .*> :♦::♦. !» »:♦ >::♦: :♦"♦ :♦:« :♦;:♦ >:♦ »::•♦ :•:♦ :♦♦ :♦♦ .*:« !»■♦ :♦:♦ :♦♦ >♦ >-'«>_< -n-i-i-i-i-A-i-f-t-t-A-A-i-i-i-t-iTa-fTr*-*" .! » » :♦::♦: :•»::*' »:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:«; :♦:;* >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: (»:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: »::«: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦*: :♦:;♦: !»::♦: :♦:;•♦: ;♦::♦; >:;♦: :•»;:♦: :♦::»: :♦;•« :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: v.v. :♦"♦: ■»::♦; ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:« :■»::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::* :•«•:•«• *"«■ :♦.:♦: :♦!!* >"♦: >■:••• :♦::*. ;•*::«•: :♦::♦; :♦::■»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:■*: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦:•»: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:••• :♦::♦: :♦::«: ;♦::♦: !♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: i** :♦::♦: :♦:•♦• :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•: :♦"♦: :♦;;♦: >:>■ :♦;:♦! ••;>: •»;:♦; *:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦"♦) :♦;>: :♦;;♦:;*: 554 HIS TORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. acres of fine land, well improved, adjoin- ing the city of Lamoni on the north, where he occupies one of the many fine residences which make Lamoni so attractive. Mr. Scott is a man of fine executive ability, and a thorough master of his profession, as his management of the vast interests of the Herald office well attest. Both Mr. and Mrs. Scott are members of the Reorgan- ized Church of the Latter-Day Saints. fOHN W. McLaughlin, farmer and stock-raise r.living on section30, Decatur Township, was born in Marion Count}-, Ohio, April 24, 1840, he being the)^oungest in a family of six children. His father was a native of Virginia, and was married in Ohio to Catherine Dunbar, a native of Pennsylvania. He died in Delaware Coun- ty, Ohio, in May, 1852, aged forty-eight years. When our subject was fourteen years of age, in 1854, the mother came with her family to Decatur County, and made her home in Bloomington Township. She is still living, her home being near the home of our subject. John W. McLaughlin re- mained with his mother till 1862, when, August 15 of that year, he enlisted in Com- pany I, Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry. His first engagement was at Chickasaw Bluffs, under General Sherman, in December, 1862, after which he was in line at the cap- ture of Arkansas Post, participating in that campaign which culminated in the surren- der of Vicksburg. He then went with his corps, the Thirteenth, to the Louisiana de- partment, and was soon after incapacitated from duty by sickness, spending several weeks in hospital and convalescent camp at Factory Press, New Orleans. He rejoined his regiment December 25, 1863, at Matta- gorda Island, near Galveston, Texas. Dur- ing the Red River campaign his corps re- inforced General Banks at Alexandria, and in Banks' disastrous retreat served as guard of property and baggage. During the closing scenes of the war Mr. McLaughlin participated in the capture of Fort Gaines and Fort Morgan, at Mobile, Alabama, and was in line at the storming of Fort Blake- ly, at Mobile, Alabama. He served gal- lantly and faithfully as a soldier till August 15, 1865, when he received an honorable discharge, and is now a member of Decatur Post, No. 410, G. A. R. Returning to De- catur County he was married October 19, 1865, to Mary E. Woodmansee, of Decatur Township, where her parents, James W. and Rachel Woodmansee, reside. They have four children living — Ettie G., Ann Laura, James W. and Reuben. Their third child, John, died aged two years. In De- cember, 1865, Mr. McLaughlin bought 108 acres of his present farm, in Decatur Town- ship, forty-five acres being broken, on which was erected a comfortable residence. He soon commenced the improvement of his land, and has since added to it till his farm now contains 215 acres of upland, meadow and timber land, making one of the best stock farms in Decatur Township, his farm being watered by Grand River. In politics Mr. McLaughlin has been identified with the Greenback part)', since its organization. He cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln. He is a member of Decatur Lodge, No. 109, A. F. & A. M., and of Decatur Lodge, No. 102, 1. O. O. F. W. FIERCE, farmer and stock- raiser, section 35, postoffice, Fierce, ® owns eighty acres of land in Long Creek Township and fifteen acres in Deca- tur Township. He was born in Athens County, Ohio, October 7, 1818, son of Coonrod and Elizabeth (Wilson) Fierce, natives of Ohio, and moved to Indiana, where they remained during life. When :♦-*>::« :♦.:♦::♦::♦ 'fA *M >::♦' :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >:;♦; *»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦. :♦"♦: •fi.'if. :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦.:••! :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:■♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦, %A HfM m :♦::♦; :♦;:••! :♦::« :♦::«! :♦::♦. :♦;;* :♦::♦: ':»::♦: :♦,:♦: :♦:■»: :♦;>: :♦:;♦; :♦::*; ;♦;.♦; ;c* :♦::♦: >::♦: »;>: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦;♦; ;♦:»; »;:♦: !♦:;♦; ■*:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ■♦;:♦: >;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:« :♦::♦: :«::♦: >::♦: >;•►; ;♦:'>: :♦:;♦: '*:*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *:♦: ;♦::♦: :*.:« :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: ;«•:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;>::♦; :•»■;♦: :♦■* ' -^i R- »:.♦: »::♦; :*::♦: :♦>: !•:* :«::« :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: »::« :♦:*■ :♦::« »::* :♦::« ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:«! :♦:;♦! ;•::«! !»::« !»:>: :♦:■•! :•::« re* ;c« :♦::« :♦::«! :♦:* :«:« :♦:;♦; :♦::«! :♦:;« »::« :♦:•« ?^* :♦;* »:;* :♦::♦: :♦::* :c« :c* :♦::♦: :♦"♦; *-« .*:;* ;♦:;« !»:« >:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »: !»::♦: :«.♦: :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦::« <*:« >::♦: :«"♦: ;♦:;♦: i** :♦:;« :♦:>: :♦;.♦: »:♦: :♦::«! ;** ;♦:;•»; :♦:* !♦::♦ ;♦>; :♦::■« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. SOS he was twelve years of age he went to Hamilton, Indiana, and in 1849 came to Iowa, remaining one year, tliencc to Knox County, Illinois, where he remained seven years, thence to Jefferson County, Iowa, for three years, and finally came to Deca- tur County, October 11, i860. He was married in 1841 to Mary Criswell, daugh- ter of Robert and Elizabeth Criswell, na- tives of Ireland and Scotland respectively. She was born in Ferry County, Ohio, De- cember 30, 1822. Their children are — W. E., living near his parents on a farm ; Wil- son, Elizabeth, wife of B. D. Gardner of Long Creek Township; John and A. B., and livmg on farms near the old home ; Mar- garet, wife of Solomon Holmes, of Warren Couuty, Iowa ; Mary E. and Anise, teach- ers in the public schools of Decatur Coun- ty. Mr. Fierce has been a member of the School Board ever since he came to the county. He commenced life a poor man, and has obtained his property bv hard work, energy, perseverance and economy. No man in Long Creek Township is more highly esteemed than is Mr. Fierce. Him- self, wife and children are all members of the Protestant Methodist church. Politic- ally he affiliates with the Republican party. fRANClS VARGA is a native of Hun- gary, Europe, where he was reared to *^! manhood, and in his native country practiced law, and became a prominent county officer. He immigrated to America in 1851, settling in Decatur Count}', Iowa, and has since been identified with the growth and development of the county, be- coming a large landholder. Toward the close of the war of the Rebellion he was elected county clerk, which office he filled efficiently for two years. A few years later he was elected to the office of county treasurer, in which capacity he served three terms ol two years each, with credit to himself, and to the entire satisfaction of the citizens of the county. He is at present at the head of the only Abstract of Titles office in Decatur County, and is agent of I the Iowa Loan and Trust Company, and i for various insurance companies, being ably assisted in his business by his worthy son, j Stephen, who is an attorney -at-law. Both I are among the highly respected citizens of the county, and by their fair and honorable dealings have gained the confidence of all with whoin they have business or social mtercourse. -SG- ■€}- 89 j^^^AJOR JOHN L. YOUNG, of Leon, ' /■ 7 V '^ °"^ °^ *'^''" oldest practicing law- "^^^^ yers of Decatur County, having settled here in the fall of 1859. Judge Samuel Farrey preceded him, and with this exception Major Young is the oldest prac- ticing attorney of Leon. He was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, June 30, 1833. He removed, with his parents, John and Nancy Young, to White County, Indiana, where his mother died in 1840, and his father in 1841. After the death of his parents he was bound out to a farmer in Warren County, where he remained until fourteen years of age, when, becoming dissatisfied with his condition, he ran away and ap- prenticed himself to the harness trade, at which he continued two years, when, again becoming restless under the restraints placed upon him, he left his employer and resolved to go elsewhere — in fact, had started on his journey when he was induced by a brother to return to Independence, Warren County, where he had worked. Up to this time he had received but little opportunity for learning, the extent of his education being his abilitj- to read a little. It was now that he began to realize the im- portance of education. He worked at any- :♦:;♦: !»:>: :♦;:*; »:;*: ;«:♦: :♦::♦! :♦::«! :•::«! >*: :♦♦: ;«:♦: :♦::♦; !••* :♦:;« »::« »:»: :♦:♦: /»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:« !*:;«: :«::♦: *;;« :♦"♦: !»::♦: :♦>; .♦:;« :♦:* »:!«! :♦:;••! ;♦;•! :♦>! :«:♦: :♦:;* :«::♦: »::* :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦;>: >:*: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦;>! :♦";»: »::♦: ?^* *::♦: >::♦: !•:'!»: !••::♦: >;;♦: >:>: :♦::♦: »;:♦: ;♦'.♦: :*>: :♦::♦: ;*:♦: :*'♦; >"♦: :♦"«: ;♦"* :♦"♦" :♦::♦: !»:>: s»>; :♦:>: •<»::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦; »: >::♦: :♦::♦: .♦!;♦: S^S ♦I* :♦>: :♦"♦: S* K* ^"♦: W, \^ w >;.*;:*>:y:'Pr*"' »£;♦:♦::♦::♦::♦>: ' *'.*r.*.>.,c*> • • :♦;:♦:•;♦;;♦« :♦::♦; :♦::<>; >>! »; ;♦>! ?J :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«: :♦::•>. :♦::'/ »; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :*:♦: :♦;:*. :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;«; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::«: !♦:;♦; :«•;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: ■♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦; >:>: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; !♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; !*::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦:»: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;«;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:<•; :•♦::♦: ►:' 55G HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTr. thing he could get to do that would enable him to earn a penny, even engaging as a boot-black and other menial services. But, fortunately, better opportunities were at hand for him. The man to whom he had been bound suddenly died, and his widow, a very estimable lady, and possessed of wealth, continued to manifest an interest in him, and proposed to take him with her to Kingston, Ohio, whither she had removed. Here he received excellent advantages, at- tending the academy at that place two years, and making excellent progress. The lady desired to have him study for the min- istry, but this course was not agreeable to him. In the fall of 1852 he came to Oska- loosa, Iowa, and attended a normal school for some time, engaging as a student and teacher until 1855, when he went to Fort Madison and engaged as clerk in the peni- tentiary, and reading law at the same time with J. M. Reed, Esq. In March, 1856, he went to Bloomfield, where he engaged in teaching, and also read law under the in- struction of Trimble & Baker. January 18, 1858, he was admitted to the bar in the Su- preme Court, at Des Moines. He prac- ticed at Bloomfield until November, 1859, when he came to Leon, as before stated. He immediately commenced the practice of his chosen profession with a young man named V. Wanwright. This partnership was formed in February, i860. June 10, 1861, Edwards' Border Brigade was organ- ized. Mr. Voung joined this brigade as a private, making several raids into Missouri, going once as far as Hannibal. He was made Quartermaster of this command, with headquarters at St. Joseph. In November of that same year he enlisted in Company A, Seventeenth Iowa Infantry, being the first man mustered in. He had raised twenty-six men for a Missouri cavalry company, but was prevented from taking his men out of the State, so joined tiie reg- iment above mentioned. He served as a private three or four months, then came home on recruiting service. He was ver}' successful in this undertaking, raising 104 men in a few days. Upon the organization of this company Mr. Young was elected its Captain, serving as such until January 20, 1863, and participating in the battles of Farmington and luka. At the last men- tioned battle a large part of his regiment, including the Colonel, behaved in a cow- ardly manner. His company and one other remained unbroken, and he was or- dered to take command of what remained of the regiment on the field of battle, and he acquitted himself nobly on this occasion. The Colonel was put under arrest, and Major Young remained in command of the regiment from that time, September 19, un- til the first of November. He commanded the regiment at the battle of Cornith, where it nobly redeemed itself from the disgrace of luka. For his services on this occasion he was highly complimented by General Rosecrans. January 20, 1863, he resigned and came home. In August of that year, having recovered his health, he raised a company for the Ninth Iowa Cavalry, was made Captain of the company, and served in that capacity until November 18, 1865, when he was promoted to Major. This was after the close of the war, the regi- ment being stationed at Fort Smith, in the border of Indian Territory. While in the cavalry service his command was princi- pally engaged in guerrilla warfare, in Ar- kansas, going into Fort Smith in Septem- ber, 1865, where he had command of ail the cavalry at that point. He was mus- tered out at Little Rock February 18, 1866. He then returned to Leon and resumed the practice of his profession. June 28, 1868, he formed a partnership with Judge John W. Harvey, whicii continued until 1869, when, through his efforts, a National Bank was secured, and he was made casliier. He retained this position until 1871. He then :ff:ii:fi:ff:ii:s:if:if:ft:fi:!f:fi:)i:s:ti:/fji:si:!i:!i:ff:fi:ff^:fi:fi:fi:fi:if:ie:fi:ff:ff:ff')i:ii:fi. »;:*"*:»::*:»;:cc*;:*;»::*»;;cc'»:»::«cc*:«:c'»::*::*::cc«»:»;:*;:c* W< *A :♦::♦: >:;♦: ^A >::« :♦;■* >;>: :♦.:♦; >.:♦; *•♦; :♦::♦ ?^^ *'A :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :«.;♦: >:;♦: »::« :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦,:♦; :♦;:♦; >.:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::«• :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::'•: 'm. :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::«: !♦::♦; :♦;:<(■ :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦; :♦;:* :♦;:♦: >.:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; >:;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦:;'». :♦::«: :♦::« :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :«::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«::«^ :«:♦: .♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;-»;>: !»::♦: :♦::♦; »:;♦: :■♦:•♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: (♦::♦: !«:« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:* :«'::♦: !»:;♦: , :♦::♦: *** ;.♦■:«:♦: ♦■•♦■'♦•■♦:*:■♦•■♦"■♦■■♦•■♦•■♦"♦••♦ ♦■•♦■'♦>"♦"♦•> • ♦ :♦;>:.♦::♦:;♦. *■ ♦■>■»»»::♦"♦ ♦.»»»_♦;.♦.♦ ii >:♦, ^^ m :♦:* !»:>: :♦::♦: !».;♦: »! :♦::«! :«::♦: »::♦: 1^^ :♦:♦: >;>: <•::♦: :♦:;♦: >:>: ;«::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; ;♦:;♦: *^ :♦♦: :«::♦: >:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:>; :«:♦: *S :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :*;:♦: :♦!'♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: >:>: «:♦; :♦::♦: :*::♦: !«::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: >::♦: »: :♦:>: :♦.:♦: :♦:;♦; >!:♦! >.:«! :«.:♦; :«::«: !»::♦: »:>: :♦::«: »;:♦; ;♦•■♦< :«.:♦. :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :*:.«: :♦>: »:»: :•♦: ;♦.:♦: !»::♦; »::♦: !»•■♦• BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 557 organized the People's Bank at Leon, which did not prove a successful venture. At the termination of its existence, however, all home creditors were paid in full. Mr. Young was then for some time engaged in traveling as attorney for Dood, Brown & Co., of St. Louis. In 1877 he came back and re-formed a partnership with Judge Harvey, which continued until the latter was nominated for judge, in 1882, when Stephen Vargo became associated with him. The present hrm of Young & Parish was formed August 3, 1883. Major Young was married October 19, 1863, to Miss Libbie Woodbury, who accompanied her husband to the army and remained un- til the company was ordered to the field. Later, with their boy, Lew, she joined her husband at Fort Smith. Mrs. Young is a native of Michigan. Her parents, James and Susan Woodbury, were from Sutton, Massachusetts. Their children are Lew H , Susie, MoUie, Carrie. Maggie, Helen and John Orr. ■•Ho- — *-< -«*•• kTTO HILFIKER, farmer and stock- raiser, section 13, Grand River Town- ship, is a native of Switzerland, born July 31, 1850, a son of Rudolph and Mary Hilfiker. His early life was passed in as- sisting his father on a farm and in working in a woolen factory, receiving his educa- tion in the schools of his native country. In January, 1883, he came to the United States and located first in Hancock Coun- ty, Illinois, where he remained until the fol- lowing November, when he came to Iowa and located on the farm where he now lives in Grand River Township, Decatur County. This farm contains 335 acres of good land under a high state of cultivation, and his building improvements are com- fortable and commodious. It is well watered and adapted to either farming or ♦ ♦.♦;♦■•♦■■♦■♦-♦■■•■■♦■ ♦••♦♦ . ♦;.♦:;♦;;♦..♦..♦:.♦>:;♦::♦;>:.♦;.« stock-raising, both of which industries claim attention. He is a man of good edu- cation and speaks German, French and English. Although but a newcomer to Iowa, he is numbered among the best citi- zens of Decatur County. He was mar- ried in Hancock County, Illinois, to Mrs. Lisette (Schenk), daughter of Christian and Anna Eliza Schenk. She has two chil- dren by her first marriage — John and Li- sette, and to the present union has been born one child. EV. WILSON STONE, section 2, . Hamilton Townsliip, was born in Crawford County, Indiana, August 7, 1822, a son of John and Nancy (Ford) Stone, natives of New York. He is the fourth of a family of seven children and the second scm. He spent his early life on a farm, re- ceiving only such educational advantages as were afforded by the common schools. In the spring of 1854 lie left his native State, and with a wife and two children came to Iowa and located in Marion Coun- ty, but the following June came to Decatur County and bought a tract of wild land in Hamilton Township and built a plank shanty, 10 x 12 feet in dimensions. On this land he has since made his home, but the state of wildnc'ss in which he found it has disappeared and he now has one of the best farms in the county. Of his 200 acres, 100 are rich bottom lands of the Grand River. His residence, a good story-and-a-half frame, is surrounded with shade and ornamental trees. His improvements are all in good repair and have been made with a view of furnishing a pleasant and comfortable home for his family. Mr. Stone has been twice married. His first wife, to whom he was married November 17, 1844, was Miss Eliza Scott, a native of Crawford Countv, Indi- ana, daughter of Martin and Elizabeth ♦ ;♦: ♦ >; ♦ :♦: >:«■ :♦>' •:$ :♦:♦: >>; >;♦; :♦::♦; >!>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>; >»: :♦.:♦: 'm. >::♦; :♦:♦: *:♦; ;♦;♦: :«::•: :*:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦.;♦; ;♦!;♦: :♦.:♦; ;♦;:♦; »: !*:>; :♦::♦: :«>: :♦>: :♦>: :♦:♦: >';♦: >:;♦; >::♦; >::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: >:♦! :♦:;♦; :«::«: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: >.:♦: »: .♦::♦; :«::*: :♦"♦: ;♦"*■ >:♦! :♦:♦: :♦;;♦; >:♦: :♦:*■ >^>: :♦>: >.:♦; >>; :«::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦;♦; :♦>: :♦.:♦; :♦,;« :♦.*; :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦.:♦; :♦.:♦; :♦:>: :«:>: :♦:♦; :*>: :♦.:♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦: :«;♦: ;«:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦":♦: :«':«: *;^ :•:»: :«:» «♦: - ♦: >.* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::« >:;♦: MM ;♦::♦; ^^ :♦::« >:>: :♦:>: :♦:»• :«::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•« :♦::♦: .♦::♦; :♦:;« ■MM ■MM 'M'M :♦;;♦; 558 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. MM :«::♦: MM, MM MM. MM. MM. :♦::♦: MM. MM, :♦::♦: 'm:m. MM MM. MM. MM. MM. MM. ;♦::♦: MM MM MM, MM, MM, ■d-M MM MM MM MM MM MM MM. MM »7M, ;♦::♦: MM MM. MM :♦::♦: MM. MM MM, MM. MM, MM, MM MM, MM MM ;♦:;•« MM MM MM MM :♦::« MM MM MM. MM MM MM MM. MM. MM MM MM 'MM, , •«:♦;:♦:: (Samuels) Scott. Of their eight children, but two lived till maturity — Emiline, now Mrs. William Dunn, of Kansas, and Adaline, now deceased, who married Samuel Bo- zarth. Thomas, Francis, Marion, Maria Isabella, Diantha and two unnamed are de- ceased. Mrs. Stone died September 7, 1874, and May 23, 1875, Mr. Stone mar- ried Arvista Ann Hamilton, a native of Tennessee, daughter of William and Susan Hamilton, the township of that name be- ing named for her father, who was one of its first settlers. In politics Mr. Stone is a Democrat. He has served his tcjwnship as trustee and as a member of the School Board. He is a member of the Missionary Baptist church, and was licensed a local preacher in 1874. O. PARRISH, proprietor of news stand, and dealer in books, stationery, and fancy articles, at Garden Grove, was born in Washington County, New York, July 16, 1831, son of Hiram and Cy- rena (Whitney) Parrish, natives of the same State, the latter being of English ancestry. Mr. Parrish was reared on a farm, where he remained until he was twenty years of age. He received a good substantial education, and wiien eighteen years old commenced teaching school. For twenty-five years he was an earnest, capable and successful teacher, never shirking his duty, but per- forming it firmly and conscientiously. In the fall of 1862 he enlisted in Compan}^ A, Tenth Ohio Cavalry, and was appointed First Lieutenant. He served two years and then resigned. He re-enlisted as a private in Company 1, Second Ohio Heavy Artillery, remaining in that compan)' until the close of the war, when he was mustered out August 27, 1865. He participated in most of the battles fought by Sherman's army during the first two months of the Atlanta campaign. In 1854 he was mar- ried 10 Mary H. Harkness, a native of Delaware County, New York, and they have two children — Nancy M., wife of George W. Moore, a resident of Garden Grove: and Ella S., a prominent teacher of Decatur County. During President Hayes' administration she was appointed deputy postmistress and held the position seven years. Mr. Parrish was postmaster during that period. He is now serving his second term as mayor of Garden Grove. Mr. Parrish lived one year in Licking County, Ohio, after the war, and in 1866 settled in Johnson County, Missouri, where he lived nine years. He came to Garden Grove in 1875 and commenced editing a paper called the Iowa Express. In 1881 he sold out to Bryfon Bruce, the present proprietor and editor of the Garden Grove Express. In 1865, while in the service, he met with a very serious accident by the cars run- ning off the track, which crippled him for life. Three persons were killed and twenty wounded. By his own industry Mr. Parrish is possessed of a nice home and a profitable business. He is highly respected by all who know him. His twelve j^ears' residence has won for him a prominent place among the leading citi- zens of Decatur County. Politically he is an ardent and influential Republican. ■^=- — 3#E^- -««► 'MrMCir!i^<^MM:i^MM:M:M:M:M:f^M:MM:M:MMM:iPMS)f:MM:M:irM:iri^MrM:M:M mmm:mmmmmmmmmmmm'mmmmmm.mmmmmmmmmm.m.mmmm. P. BROTHERS, merchant at Grand River, was born in Canada, in 1834, ^T^ son of Hippolyte and Pauline Broth- ers, of French descent. He was brought up in a cotton factory. In 1861 he enlisted , in the First Massachusetts as a musician. At the close of the war he came West and set- tled in Decatur County, where he com- menced teaching band music, in 1868, and continued that occupation until 1882. He is a composer of considerable note. He is MMMMMMM.M;'MMMMMMMMMMM.MMMM:MMM:M:MMM.M.M:MMM:jeM. ♦♦ :♦::♦! :♦;:♦; MM. MM. MM MM MM. MM MM. MM. MM. MM. MM. MM. MM. MM MM. MM. MM. MM MM. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: MM. MM, MM MM. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦!:♦: MM. :♦::♦: MM :♦::♦: MM MM :♦::♦; :♦::♦: MM. :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >** :-»::♦: :♦::♦: MM MM :♦::♦: MM. :♦::♦: MM :♦::♦: MX MM :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: M.M. MM. MM. M.M. :♦::♦: MM. M.M. MM. MM. :♦::*: MM. M.M. :♦::♦: :«:♦: MM. :♦::♦: MM. MM. :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: MM. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: MM. :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: MM. :♦;:♦: MM :♦::♦: MM. MM. :♦::♦: :♦::♦;:♦: M.MM. H^ ♦♦ m M •♦■S >.:« ;♦::♦; :♦::«! »:« :♦::« :♦::« :♦:;♦: >:>: *;■* ;*;;^ :♦;:* >::« >::♦: :♦::■•! :«"♦: ;♦::« :♦;;«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ^ :♦;:* :♦:;* :«::♦: »:;« v:m :♦;:* :♦;;* :♦::•« :♦::« :♦;« :♦;:* :♦::«! :*:>: :♦:;♦: 'MM MM MM MM m;m :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: MM :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: MM :♦;;'•! :♦::* M.M MM MM MM MM MM MM m:m MM M.M M.M. »::♦: MM M.M MM :♦::♦: 'MM BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 569 at present engaged in the mercantile busi- ness, under the firm name of Brothers & Fear. They keep a well selected stock of dry-goods, notions, hats and caps, boots and shoes, groceries, flour, hardware, and Gliddon's barb wire. He was married in Massachusetts, in 1855, to Elizabeth Rice, born in that State in 1832. They have five children — Eugene G., Hattic P., Henry E., James C. and Alice F. Mr. Brothers is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and politically is a Republican. He is well known in business circles as a man of in- tegrity, and socially is a gentleman. F. WALKER, of the firm of Walker & Hansen, publishers of the Lamoni '* Gazette, became a resident of Lamo- ni in 1884, and for a time was a writer for the Herald. He is a native of Ohio, born in 183 1, his father being a native of New Hampshire, and his mother of England. His maternal grandfather at one time owned a farm the site of which is now oc- cupied by the city of Cincinnati. His parents settled in Cincinnati when that city had but one brick house. They sub- sequently removed to a farm twenty miles above on the Ohio River, where Mrs. Walker's father laid out the town of New Richmond, and there our subject was born. In his youth he attended the common schools and Clermont Academy. In 1850 he came West as far as the mouth of the Kansas River, where at that time no white man's habitation could be seen, Indians be- ing the only inhabitants. Returning east- ward he passed up the Illinois River to La Salle, going thence by stage to Chicago, and from there in a farm wagon to Kala- mazoo. Later he went by the lakes to Buffalo, and from there to Utica, New York, where he worked in a carriage shop for one year. In the winter of i85o-'5i he attended Central College, at McGrawville, New York. In 1851 he was engaged in engineering on the Mississippi River, and in the year 1852 he was a student at Wesley University, in Ohio, after which he taught school for a time near New Richmond. This life being too quiet for one of his rov- ing disposition, he, in the spring of 1853, went to California by the Isthmus of Pana- ma, and for seven years was in the deep mines of Sierra County. He was foreman of the Pioneer Company that carried water by a high flume on to Illinois Ridge, and tunneled the famous peaks of that locality. Mr. Walker was a candidate for the Legis- lature on the first Republican ticket nom- inated in that county. In 1857 he caught the Frazer River craze, and 1859 found him in the Comstock mines at Gold Hill, Nevada, where the mining was all done by hand, and fn^m the surface. Recrossing the Sierras on snow-shoes from California, he helped to start Methodism at Virginia City. In 1861 he returned East via the overland route, stopping eleven days at Salt Lake City. After remaining a few weeks in Ohio he again came West. Join- ing an emigrant train at Council Bluffs, Iowa, he went to Montana, when the Terri- tory contained no white settlements. Pass- ing through Idaho, via Portland, he reached San Francisco, and from there went to Ne- vada, and in 1863 was at Austin, that State, and in 1864 was in Smoky Valley, where he owned a ranch, where he was engaged in raising hay and cattle. In 1869 he visited Piano, Illinois, where he became a member of the Reorganized Church of the Latter- Da}' Saints. He was united in marriage in i869at Sandwich, Illinois, to Mrs. M. Faul- coner. .After his marriage he settled at Blue Springs Ranch, Nye County, Nevada, where he lived until 1878. In 1876 he at- tended the Centennial Exposition at Phila- delphia. In 1878 he engaged in farming near where Lamoni now stands, which he .■» ♦, MM. MM, MM. M'M. MM. m:m. :♦:♦; MM. » m:m. :♦.>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:>; ;♦.;♦; *.♦: m:m. MM. MM. MM. i** MM. !♦:>: :♦::♦; ♦* '♦';♦; MM. MM. MM MM. MM. MM. MM. MM. m. MM. MM MM. MM MM MM. MM. MM. MM. MM MM. MM. MM M.M. MM. MM. MM. MM MM. MM. MM. MM. MM. MM MM. MM MM. MM MM M.M. M.M. MM. MM MM mm: M.M M.M MM !♦:« MM :♦:«! MM ;♦"« MM :♦::« MM MM MM MM MM MM. MM ♦ •: :*:*;>;>:*:**:»"**>r*~c*>"*:*"c*;>.>.**.*.«.*.*;»>»;^ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:* ** 560 :♦:♦; :♦::♦: — ^ :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:« :♦::*, *:>; ■»:>• :♦:■♦: V.'':♦: >;:♦: ;♦::♦: >;;•: !♦::♦: »: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«! ;♦:;<►; ;♦;:♦: •»::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::«: '♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;•♦: ■»"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;♦; ;■*:♦; :♦::♦: )*'.*'. :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: •»!:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ^ :♦;;♦: ;♦:•♦: :♦::♦: ■»•:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; <»•::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;»; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::«; !»;■»: :♦:;»: :♦::♦: :♦:••• :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: ?^ ^^ HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. followed till coining to Lamoni in 1884. In the fall of 18S5 he helped organize the Lamoni Gazette, with which he has since been connected, and, being a man of genius and a forcible writer, the paper has proved a success. ILLIAM H. ALBAUGH is now „ ); wj serving his second term as Mayor 1"=^^ of the city of Leon, having been first elected in the spring of 1885, and re- elected in the spring of 1886. Mr. Albaugh has been a resident of Leon and vicinit}' since 1869. He was born in Putnam Coun- ty. Indiana, in September, 1853. His father, Edmund Albaugh, came to De- catur County in 1869, settling in Eden Township, where he lived but a few years, when he went to Kansas. Our subject re- ceived a good common-school education and was engaged in teaching between the years 1870 and 1883, most of the time in Decatur county. He began the study of law while teaching, pursuing his studies with Harvey & Young, and was admitted to the bar at Leon. He married Mary L. Layton, born also in Putnam County. They have fuurchildren — Grace, Edmund, Flora and George. JGNACEHAINER is a native of Hunga- al ry, Europe, a Hungarian exile, and one ^ of the earliest pioneers of Decatur Coun- ty, Iowa. He was born of genteel parent- age, and in Hungary received a liberal and military education, becoming a lawyer, and being admitted to the bar of all the courts of his native countr}'. He was also an active worker for the leading Hungarian journal edited by the greatest Hungarian patriot, Louis Kossuth ; but both his law practice and his career as a journalist were of short duration, being interrupted by the National uprising and the great war for in- dependence in his country 'in i848-'49. He naturally joined the National cause, and became a member of the staff of General Count Casimir Batthyan}^, the foremost cavalier of the highest aristocracy of Hun- gary, who cast their all in the scales for the welfare, liberty and independence of their countr)^ In this capacity, acting as Adjutant-General with Count Batthyanyi, he went through the campaigns of 1848, and the winter of 1849, '^n^ ^^ ^^e spring of the latter year, when the great National cause, by the destruction of several invad- ing Austrian armies, became victorious, and the National Independence was safe without the intervention of Russia, and a new ministry (cabinet) was formed under Louis Kossuth for the free and independ- ent country. Count Casimir Batthyanyi be- came the Secretary of State (Minister of Foreign Affairs), and Ignace Hainer acted as his secretary. But this, too, was a summer night's dream. In the latter part of the summer of 1849, through the unwarrant- able intervention of Russia, the just cause of Hungary became the lost cause, and the subject of this sketch, an Austrian prisoner. B}' the kind intervention of some power- ful friends the subject of this sketch was liberated from tiie Austrian prison and became an exile, immigrating to this coun- try, then the only free and independent coun- try in the world — the home of the free, the land of the brave. For a year he lived in Chicago, the Queen of the West, in order to become better acquainted with the language, laws, manners and customs of this country, and in the year 1854 Ignace Hainer removed thence to Iowa, and set- tled in Decatur County on the so-called Hungarian Reserve in New Buda Town- ship, thus following his countr3'men who had come before him, and became a pioneer of Decatur County. In the year 1858 the .♦..♦.♦..♦..♦..♦;'*::cc*>;:c««»;:c«;*»:*:»:*:«:*::*;;*;;*;:c»i:*^^^ :♦;:*; ;■♦■:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :•»::♦: :«>: >;;♦; ;♦>; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ■*;>; *;♦; :♦;;♦: *;«; ;♦:>, ;♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :«;:♦; :♦;>; *;♦: ;*:♦; >::♦: :♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦;;«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;>: It:*: :♦::♦: i** ;♦::♦: >:>: :♦:>: :«::♦: !♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; '^:>: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ■♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :«::♦: >::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>, :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦.;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦';♦;;♦; :♦:;♦;;« '* ♦ -A-A-A"^ !►:.* :♦:♦: ;♦"♦: ;•:♦; .♦:;♦; »;:♦: ;•:♦: :♦;;♦; !»:.♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *:♦; ■»;♦: :♦:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;.♦: ;♦:♦: :•:♦: ^ :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :*:♦: !»:;♦: ■»;:♦; :♦;.♦: >;:♦: >;;♦; !♦;.♦; ■*♦; .*;;♦: >;♦: '♦:♦: *♦) P :♦:♦: >;♦: !»::♦: $J :♦:■»: >:♦: :•;>: !»>: ,♦>: >:♦: m m ,♦:;♦: ♦;♦; .« «: :♦, ♦, ♦♦ > » > <■ > •> > * > ♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, 601 Hungarian settlers in Decatur County, Iowa, petitioned Congress that settlers could enter, and buy their reserved lands, and so become the owners in fee simple of their homesteads : petition being granted by act o( Congress they became free holders and with them the subject of this sketch also. In the fall of 1856 Ignace Hainer went witii a fellow pioneer and two ox teams to Princeton, Missouri, twenty-five miles, to get corn meal for winter use for the settlement. It being the time of the Presidential election, and also district court in Princeton, the town and hotels were crowded with people. The pioneers after traveling twenty-five miles on foot in drizzling rain, and getting wet and muddy, hardly dared to take front scats at the table d' hote ; the back seats being already occu- pied, the presiding judge kindly urged them to take seats by him, which were ac- cepted with embarrassment. Hearing they were Hungarian settlers from New Buda, a lively conversation followed ab(jut the Hungarian settlement, about Louis Kossuth, then in high popularity with Americans, and about the Hungarian war for in- dependence. Perceiving from the conver- sation thus entered that Ignacc Hainer was something beside an ox-teamster he was asked if he knew French, and being an- swered in the affirmative was asked if lie also knew German to which question he again answered in the affirmative. They then told him that just such a man as lie was needed in the State University of Mis- souri at Columbia, and asked him if he would not accept the professorship of mod- ern languages of said university, then va- cant, and this question being also answered in the aflirmative they assured him that without any further steps he would receive a call from the properauthorities to assume the professorship of modern languages of said university, and so it happened. After the January meeting of the regency of the university he received the appointincnt and assumed the duties of his office, ^iid as Saul, the son ol Kish, according to old Bible history, went in search of his father's asses, and found not the asses but a king- dom, so the ox-teamster found not only his corn grist but a professorship in a State University, a thing which can only hap|)en in this glorious, free, enlightened, unpreju- dicetl country. Ignace Hainer retained his position in the university for five years to tlic greatest satisfaction of patrons and students who presented him with due cere- monies with a gold-headed cane, appro- priatelv engraved, in recognition of their love and gratitude. W'iien the civil war broke out the Missouri State University was closed, and Ignace Hainer, not wishing to take sides in arms, returned again to his farm in New Buda Township, Decatur County, Iowa, and there he mainly engaged in farming, but tlie confidence, trust and love of his fellow-citizens heaped him with all kinds of offices of j)ublic trust. So he acted many times in Decatur County as public school teacher, preacher, school di- rector, township clerk, assessor, justice of the peace for many terms, a member of the United States Grand Jury, delegate and chairman to township and county conven- tions, deputy county clerk and deputy coun- ty treasurer, and last but not least L'nited States Postmaster of New Buda Town- shi|) for ten years during Grant's wiiolead ministration, luid a part of President Hayes's. Only in 1880, when he went for a long visit to Eunjpc, he resigned this po- sition, whereupon the postniastership of New Buda Township was discontinued, and at his advice was transferred to Davis City, the latter place being near a railroad depot. In the year 1885 Mr. Hainer again visited Europe and his native country, Hungary, returning to this country in the summer of 1886. Having crossed the At- lantic Ocean five times, and many times » ♦: >.♦. ■* ♦) >*' :♦:>! >■;♦; .♦>! ♦ '♦: •> ♦: ♦ V ♦ •►] ♦ ♦.' .♦.>; .♦.♦. »: ♦.♦: .♦..♦: >>: ;•::♦: :♦::♦; >.:♦: ■♦;♦: *:♦; ♦:;♦: :♦:* .♦!:♦; '♦:♦; .♦.<•: .♦:.♦: .♦♦! ;♦ :♦: ♦ '♦: :♦:♦: >:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:,♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦: '♦;♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ » *. «•> .♦ •; .« ♦; :♦.♦. .♦.♦: .♦:♦; « ♦ .♦.♦. :♦::♦: :♦:* .♦:* :♦:* :♦:;«! •:♦: « ♦: ♦ ♦: :♦:♦: ♦ ♦; <•■* '' ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ '.*'.X >;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:>: :<>>; :♦::♦: :♦;:« >::♦; :♦>; :♦:;♦; :«::♦: >;:* :♦:;♦; :»:>; ;•»[•'•; :«:;«■ :«:♦; :♦::♦: :*::♦; ;*■«■: >:>; :♦;:♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: ':«:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦: %>: '*;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; *:♦: :♦:>: :♦:*: :•»::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>; ;*■->; :•>::*: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :«■:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« >::♦; :♦:*■ :♦::«•; >:;♦: :♦::*: >:;♦•: :*:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; >;;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; »;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦'•! :♦!:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >:>: !♦;:♦; :♦;♦; ;♦::♦: »;:« :•»:;♦: :♦;:♦; »:»: :♦::•« :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■»: ;♦::♦: »:>: :♦::« :♦::♦; .♦::♦: :♦:;«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :•* -■ 562 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. several seas in Europe, he is thought to be the most seafaring man in Decatur Coun- ty. He has reared a large family in Deca- tur County, and to all of his children has endeavored to give a good education. Of his six living children, the eldest, Eugene, is a lawyer, and president of his own bank, the Farmers' and Merchants', at Aurora, Hamilton County, Nebraska ; Julius, a medical doctor, and Professor of Physics and Mathematics at the State of Iowa Ag- ricultural College at Ames, Story County, Iowa; Bayard is studying law at the Union College of Law of the University of Chi- cago, Illinois; the eldest daughter, Her- mine, is the wife of the county superin- tendent of Carroll County, Iowa, at Ar- cadia; Norma is assistant principal in the high school at Aurora, Nebraska, and Vesta, the youngest, is yet attending high school. fHOMAST. BECK, son of the pioneer, f John H. Beck, resides on the home- stead established by hisfather in 1855, on section 18, Decatur Township. Mr. Beck dates his birth in Guernsey County, Ohio, October 21, 1845, coming with his parents to Decatur County, Iowa, when nine years of age, and has since lived on the homestead where he at present resides. He was united in marriage June 6, 1869,10 Miss Sarah Crees, daughter of Joseph Crees, a pioneer of Grand River Town- ship. She was born near Fairfield, Iowa, April 20, 185 1, and has lived in Decatur County since her childhood. Of the five children born to Mr. and Mrs. Beck, only three survive — Wirt J., Walter and Verne. Rolla F. and Ada A. are deceased. Mr. Beck is classed among the enterprising, public-spirited young men of Decatur Township. Beside the homestead farm he owns eighty acres of improved land in the south part of section 18, and forty acres of land on section 12, Grand River Town- ship, the latter also being well improved. Mr. and Mrs. Beck are active members of the Methodist church. In politics Mr. Beck casts his suffrage with the Republican party. VV. WORDEN, a native of Dutchess County, New York, was born April 10, 1834, a son of Jared N. and Maria T. (Denton) Worden. He remained at home until his majority, and in the spring of 1855 started, in company with L. B.Chase, for Iowa, Garden Grove being their ob- jective point. They came with the inten- tion of making a permanent settlement if they found the country to be in accordance with the estimate others had put upon it. Being pleased with the outlook, he re- mained a year, and in the meantime bought eighty acres of land. In 1856 he returned to his native State, and in the spring of 1856 started again for the West, accom- panied by his father and family. His father bought 140 acres of land in Franklin Town- ship, which is now a part of the farm owned by his son Silas. Mr. Worden subsequent- ly sold his first purchase and bought the farm which is now his home, on section 15, Franklin Township. This he has brought under cultivation, and has erected good building improvements. He owns 180 acres of the best land in the township, and his farm shows the result of having a thrifty and energetic owner. July 26, 1862, Mr. Worden enlisted in the war of the Re- bellion, and was assigned to Company B, Eighteenth Iowa Infantry, and served his country three years, returning home unin- jured, although he had many narrow es- capes, and saw much hard service. He was married in May, i860, to Miss Cynthia H. Davis, daughter of William Davis. She died the July following her marriage. 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Dclk, daughter of John and Sarah Ann Dclk. They have had a fainilv of six chil- dren — J. Frank, Harry Colfax, Emma Kate, Ida A., Meda M. and Ira A. Harry Colfax is deceased. tslkUUJ^^ I LI AS KING, farmer and stock-raiser, pji. lives on section 22, High Point Town- ship, where he owns 240 acres of land. He was born in Prince William County, Virginia, in 1832, son of Elias and Margaret (Gibson) King, of Scotch and English ancestry. The father died in Van Buren County, Iowa, in 1852, aged seventy- nine years. The mother died in Decatur County in 1S76, aged eighty-nine. Mr. King catnc to Decatur County in 1854. He was marrietl in Decatur Ccninty, in 1875, to Mar- garet McCleland, born in Pennsylvania in 1841. Their children are — William E., Charles M., Harry M., Howard G.and Jen- nie. He has held the offices of school direct- orand township trustee. His wife is a mem- ber of the United Presbyterian church, and he belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. He had nothing to commence with but one horse, and worked out by the month to get money to pay for his land. Postoffice, High Point. fAMES GAM.MON, deceased, son of Lovina and Dozier Gammon, was born in Tennessee, June 16, 1825, and re- moved to Indiana with his parents in 1828. He was married in Monroe County, Iowa, November 4, 1852, to Armilda E. Myers, who was born in Montgomery County, In- diana, in 1829, and removed to Monroe County in 1850. Her parents were Thomas and Eliza (Jones) Myers. They removed from this State to Nebraska, where her father died, and where her mother still lives. Mr. and Mrs. Gammon came to De- catur County in 1S55, aiul settled on sec- tion 24, Eden Township, where his family still reside. He died February 11, 1886, aged nearly sixty-one years. His family consists of his wife, eight sons and three daughters. The four youngest sons are still at home. Mr. Gammon was an hon- orable man and an upright citizen. Polit- ically he was a Democrat ; religiously, he was opposed to the churches, and denied the authenticity of the Bible, but believed in doing right at all times and under all circumstances. BENJAMIN AKERS, section 15, Bloomington Township, has been identified with the interests of Deca- tur County thirty-five years, and is one of its most prominent and well-respected citi- zens. He is a native of Putnam County, Indiana, born June 17, 1830, a son of Bedy and Lydia (Collings) Akers, his father a native of Virginia, and his mother of Shelby County, Kentucky. When he was nine years of age his parents moved to Chariton Count}', Missouri, where seven years of his life was spent, assisting in the work on the farm, and attending the common schools. His fatlier died in 1846, and soon after, he, in company with his mother, and brothers and sisters, moved to Mercer County, Mis- souri, where he lived about five years, and in 185 1 he came to Iowa and located in Decatur Count}", on section 24, Decatur Township, where he lived until 1878, when he moved to his present farm. Mr. Akers was married February 23, 1851, to Miss Mary Jane Gunter. daughter ol Thomas ami Nancy Gunter, of Putnam County, In- diana. To them were born twelve children — Eizann. Sarah Ellen, Nancy E., W. H., Thomas F., Lydia Ann, Jesse D., Laura E., John H., Benjamin F., Edgar B. and Mary m m :♦.;♦; »! :♦♦: ;♦;>; yA :♦;>; >:>: :♦::«» \*:a :c«i »: :♦;;«; :♦::♦! :♦:;♦; :♦::♦. :♦::«! :♦::♦; :♦:;♦! :♦;;♦; :♦::«! :♦::♦! :♦:«! »::«! >r*i :♦>: ;♦:«{ :♦:« :♦::«! :♦::«! 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Sarah Ellen, Lydia Ann, John H. and Edgar B. are deceased. Mrs. Akers died May 6, 1873. December i, 1875, Mr. Akers married Mrs. Elizabeth Hickman, a widow with three children — Mar}- J., Henry H. and Albert M. Mrs. Elizabeth Akers died January 28, 1878, of consump- tion, and October 13, 1878, Mr. Akers mar- ried Mrs. Mary A. McLaughlin, a widow with four children — Melissa Ellen, Mary Catherine, Charles E. and Thomas Carey. To them have been born two children — Austin Elmer and Hattie L. Mr. Akers is a mem- ber of the Missionary Baptist church, in which he is a deacon. He is in politics a Greenbacker. f.mAHLON MORRIS, one of the /¥ prominent citizens of Morgan "^f^Ji^* Township, resides on section 11. His farm of 460 acres lies on sections 10 and II, 360 of which is on section 11. He settled upon this farm November i, 1868, and it is one of the finest farms in the township. It was first settled by Sullivan, who sold the claim to J. D. Wasson, of whom Mr. Morris purchased Ma}' 17, 1868. Mr. Morris has made many of the improve- ments. He has enlarged and repaired the residence and now has a commodious house. He has erected a barn 33 X48 feet, which is a fine structure, the frame being of heavy timber. In the fall of 1881 he built a second residence on section 1 1. His buildings are all first-class both in structure and material. He has cleared sixty-five acres and done a large amount of fencing. His fences inclose nearly 400 acres. He has nearly 300 acres cleared in ail. The farm is well watered, having three living wells and an ample supply of water for any amount of stock. On the whole there is probably not a more desirable farm for general purposes than is that of Mr. Mor- ris. He was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, February 4, 182 1. His father, Jona- than Morris, was born in Loudoun County, Virginia. His grandfather, John Morris, emigrated to Ohio in 1803, when Jona- than was fifteen years of age. The latter lived in Columbiana County until his death, which occurred in April, 1865, at the age of seventy-seven years. His wife, Sarah (Snyder) Morris, died in her eighty-fourth year. The Morris family are of Welsh descent and the Snyders of German. The parents of Mahlon had twelve children, seven sons and five daughters; six sons and two daughters are living. Our subject was married in Ohio to Martha E. Mc- Clure, and they have two children — Calvin B., living in Denver City, and Charles M., who removed to Kansas in 1884. Politic- ally Mr. Morris is a Republican, as were his father and six brothers; religiously he is a Universalist and his wife is a Presby- terian. He is a mill-wright by trade and followed it imtil he came West. fTLLI AM ANSTEY, section 5,Grand River Township, is a native of Eng- land, born in Gloucestershire, No- vember 8, iS23,asonof William and Hannah (Cook) Anstey. He remained with his par- ents until manhood, assisting in the work on the farm, and in his youth attended the schools of his native country. He was the sixth of a family of nine children, having five brothers, John, Thomas, George, Henry and Robert — older, and three sisters, Han- nah, Emma and Catherine — younger than himself. In 1850 he came to America, and located first at Dubuque, Iowa, where he engaged in teaming and lead-mining five years. He then bought a farm of forty acres, which he sold two years later and went to Delaware County, where he was employed in breaking prairie land for some :♦::♦: »::«: »:»: !»;>; :♦::« ;♦:>: ;♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: •»r* ;♦::♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦>: :♦"♦: !»;k :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »>: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: »>: ;^* .♦::♦: :♦>: "m W «,♦; »::♦: W: >::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦;:♦: W^ W. :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦♦ :♦::♦: >;;♦: ;♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦;;♦; ??• »>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;►; .«;:♦: ♦-♦ .♦:;♦; ,♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦>: !♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;>; ;♦;;♦; .♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :*:»::*:>::*>::*:»;:«:c»;:*rc*»::*srciK:*»>>>::*:»"*:»>>'^^^^ :♦;♦: , „ >::♦: :♦::♦/♦>; 1K>: :♦:* :♦■>: <»:.« »:« !»::♦: »:>: »>: (»::*: »::*: !»::♦: »::♦: !»::*: !>:;♦: »::*: »>: !•::*: !»;;♦: »::«: !»:;♦: »:■»: »>: IT*: »:>: !»:>: (»::♦: »:»: !»::♦: !►::♦: »::♦: ]»::♦: IJ !►::♦: !»:;»: »:♦: »::♦: !»::♦; »::♦: »::♦: !»:« !»::♦: !»::♦: >;:♦; >:•»: :♦::♦: >:>: '♦:>: :♦♦: *.♦! ♦:.♦; ♦.♦: >::♦; (•;:♦: !^^ m ►::♦: ►:;« ::« i :♦; ►:.♦: !^* f* S^ !»:♦; !*:♦: '♦"♦" ♦"♦ '*"¥ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 565 5:'' U time, and there bought i lo acres of im- proved land, paying $3,000 for it. In Feb- ruary, 1875, '"^ moved to Grand River Township, Decatur County, and bought the farm where he now lives, wliich con- tains 280 acres. At that time its only build- ing was a log-cabin, and but twenty-five acres were under cultivation. He has im- proved it and brought it all under cultiva- tion, and now has one of the best farms in the county. His residence is a good story- and-a-half house, surrounded by siiadc and ornamental trees. His farm buildings are large and comfortable, and he has a hne or- chard of 500 trees. When Mr. Anstey came to Iowa he had but 50 cents, and his fine property has been accumulated by hard work, econom)' and good management. He was married September 11, 1863, to Mrs. Mary (Binning) Hewlett, a native of Somersetshire, England, born October 12, 1829, daughter of Jeffrey and Joan (Wall) Binning, and widow of William Hewlett. By her first marriage she had five children — Sarah Jane, John, Richard, Tamar and Mary Ann. Mr. and Mrs. Anstey have three children — Fred, William and Minnie. In politics Mr. Anstey is a Republican. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. jADISON MORRIS is one of the e.xtensive farmers and stock-raisers of Decatur County, and resides on section 21, Morgan Township. His farm consists of 350 acres, eighty of which are on section 22. Mr. Morris has made many improvements since this farm came into his possession. He has built his present com- modious and substantial house and other out-buildings, and has cleared about ninety acres. There is considerable bottom land, favorable for the growth of grass. The farm is well fenced with wire and board fencing, he having expended $600 for wire. The land is very desirable for both stock and grain purposes. There is an amjjle supply of water for any number of cattle. Mr. Morris was born in Columbiana Coun- ty, Ohio, in 1815, where he passed his life until coming to Iowa, in 1870, and settled in his present home. His father was Jona- than Morris. His maternal grandfather, John Snyder, was a native of Germany, and settled in Columbiana County, in 1799. Mr. Morris is a brother of Mahlon Morris, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this book. He is still unmarried. -K3- -€>■ fOHN H. BECK, deceased, was a native of Germany, and when four years of age his parents emigrated with their family to America, and made their home in Washington County, Pennsylvania, and there our subject grew to manhood. When a young man he learned the miller's trade, which he followed for several years after his marriage. Yox his wife he married Miss Martha Huston, who was born in Pennsyl- vania, being an orphan from her childhood. Mr. and Mrs. Beck reared si.K sons and one daughter, four eldest being natives of Pennsylvania, and the two youngest born in Guernsey County, Ohio. The children are as follows — John H., a farmer of De- catur Township; Thaddeus L., one of the leading farmers of the same township ; C. W., county recorder of Decatur County. Clark and David died in the service of their country, the former being a member of the Fourth ami the latter of the Thirty- fourth Iowa Infantry, during the late war; Mary E., their only daughter, widow of Henry Crees, who died in Missouri, now lives in Grand River Townshii),and Thomas T., living in Decatur Townshij). John H. Beck left Ohio with his family in 1854. ''"d after spending a year in Sangamon County, .♦:»;*:*>;»;»>:*»:*»>>;»:i»;>>>;;c*:k»:»;;«»:»;k;*;»;«^^^ i (•:♦: !»;;♦: !»::♦: !»::♦: !»::♦: !»,;♦: *:♦: i »::« !»::* !»::«! !»:;♦: !».:«! )»:;♦; »;;♦: *;♦; !».♦ !►.,♦. 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Illinois, came to Decatur County, Iowa, in the spring of 1855, and made his home on section 18, Decatur Township, where he entered a claim of 160 acres. His life of usefulness in a pioneer country was cut short by his death, which occurred in Sep- tember of the year of his arrival, at the age of fifty-nine years. He was a worthy member of the Methodist church, and in all respects a good citizen. His widow is still living at the advanced age of seventy- eight years. The homestead is now occu- pied by his son Thomas, and three of his sons live in the immediate neighborhood, all being highly respected citizens of De- catur Township. fsc' IDWARD W. TIFT has been a resi- dent of Decatur County since 1875. He settled on section 5, Eden Town- ship, November 14, 1877, where he pur- chased 120 acres of land, upon which he has made many improvements, including his fine residence. He now has 160 acres. When Mr. Tift came to this county he en- gaged in the mercantile trade at Leon, un- der the firm name of McGrew & Tift, where he remained eighteen months, then purchased his farm. He was born in In- diana in 1840, and was left an orphan before the age of ten years. His parents were James and Rosella Tift, who removed to Illinois when Edward was an infant. They left four children — James A., now in Kan- sas; Frances Rosella, who, after the death of her parents, lived with her mother's sis- ter, Mrs. Jacob Bliss, and afterward lived with another family who removed to Ohio, and all trace of her is lost ; Edward W., our subject, and Sarah M., who married Ebenezer Price, now deceased. The family was left without means, and Mr. Tift was entirely dependent upon his own resources. He attended school several winter terms, doing chores for his board. August 11, 1862, he enlisted in the Seventh Illinois Cavalry, and served until the close of the war. He participated in all the battles in which his regiment was engaged. He was in the battle of Corinth, under Rosecrans, and after the battle of Holly Springs, Mis- sissippi, took part in the pursuit of the Confederates to Coffeeville. He was en- gaged in the Grierson raid, and was with General Thomas at Nashville when Sher- man marched to the sea. He was never wounded, but his health was broken by ex- posure. His right arm became partially paralyzed and has never fully recovered. After the war he returned to his place of enlistment, and to where he has lived the most of his life. He was married September 14, 1865, to Martha E. McGrew. She was born near Livonia, Indiana, July 5,1846, and removed in infancy with her parents, James and Martha McGrew, to Knoxville, Illinois; her parents are both deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Tift have two children — James Edward, born March 28, 1875, ^"^ Mary Effie, born July 5, 1880. The three older ones died in infancy. After his mar- riage Mr. Tift lived oneyear in Illinois, and then moved to Missouri; living there until his removal to Decatur County. **>- -c«» C. JENNINGS, farmer and mer- chant, resides on section 33, Rich- * land Township, where he owns 320 acres of well-cultivated land. He also owns 167 acres in another part of the county. He was born in Ohio, September 30, 1834, son of Solomon and Susanna (Price) Jen- nings, natives of Ohio, and of German- Irish descent. He was reared on a farm in his native State and has followed the voca- tion of a farmer thus far through life. He was married in Knox County, Illinois, in 1859, to Louisa Eiker, a native of Pennsyl- :-•::♦: .♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: [♦"♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦:':»: ;♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: ;•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;•♦•: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;■»: :♦::♦: !»::♦: »:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦"'*: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;>: ;♦::♦: :♦:•»: !»::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: !»::♦: V.ff. :■♦:;♦; :■»::♦: !*';:♦: :♦:•♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: »:>: :♦"♦: ;♦"♦; >::♦: !♦•:;♦; (♦-*i »;;♦: :♦:>: >::♦; :♦::♦: »:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: !»::♦: ^i(:^f. :♦::♦: !»;:♦: v:ff. !»::<>: »::♦: !♦:.♦: <♦:;♦; :♦::♦: !»::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >::♦:;« :♦;:♦>; .♦ r > ♦' >.:* :♦:♦! :♦:♦; ;♦>; ;♦::♦: :♦:* :♦:* :♦::•! ;♦::♦: !•:>: :♦:;♦: :♦:*■ *i^ :♦..«! :♦:♦: :♦:;* :4>: :♦:;♦: *^ :♦;♦; ;♦;:•; :♦;;« :♦::♦: ;♦:* ;♦;:♦! !♦;:♦; :•:>: :♦.:•* :♦:>: :♦;;♦; >:;♦: »:;♦: :♦::« >::♦! ;■»:>: :«:>; :♦:>: .♦:*' :«::« ;♦::* ;c* :♦::« :♦;*' ♦::••! »:;« :«:•♦! :♦:;« >;:« ;♦::♦; »::« :♦::♦! :♦;:♦: :«:>: :*:>: :♦::♦! >::♦; >:;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:♦; ;♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:« ;♦::«: ;'•::♦: ;♦;>; :♦::«! :♦::« »>: :♦:* »::♦: »:.« >:♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: »"♦: ;♦::«'; :♦::♦: (»::♦: :♦,:♦; !»:>: :♦;* :♦:♦; *'♦: :♦ ♦: :♦♦: ■♦♦" :♦ * * »■ ♦" BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 687 vania, and they have had six children | Mary E., David ().. Jennie B., Iowa M., Schuyler C. and Edith E. Mary E. is de- ceased. Mr. Jenning^s is quite extensively engaged in raising fine cattle of the Hol- stein breed. He is also engaged in the mercantile business in Grand River, where he keeps a large stock of general merchan- dise and sells at reasonable prices. He commenced life poor and by his own exer- i tion has accumulated a large property. He is noted for his honesty, fair dealing and strict attention to business. He is a mem- ber of the Masonic Lodge at Wirt. kEV. THOxMAS WALLER, of Leon, has been a resident of Decatur Coun- ty, since May, 1858. He entered 200 acres of land in Decatur Township, in 1854, and at the same time entered eight}- acres in Burrell Township. He settled upon the land that he entered in 1858. He was born in Lincolnshire, England, April 21, 1819. He served an apprenticeship at the razor- making trade, at Sheffield, which he fol- lowed until he came to America, in 1841. His father, Thomas Waller, Sr., was an exciseman of the Government of England, and a local minister of the Weslcyan Methodist church. He died when his son Thomas was three years old. When he came to America he was unaccompanied by any member of his father's family. A sister, Mrs. Eliza Woods, with her hus- band, came six years later, and settled in Illinois, where her husband died soon after, of cholera. She now lives in Pekin, Illinois, with her children. When he first came to this country he settled near Jack- son, Illinois, on a farm where an English settlement was already established. A year later he went to Greene County, Illinois, with the English family with whom he was living. Mr. Waller began preaching as a local minister of the church of the Method- ist New Connection, in England. He in- tended to become a missionary, but failed to complete his studies, from lack of means. He then resolved to come to America. He was married in Greene County, Illinois, December 8, 1842, to Catherine Smith, born in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri. In the fall of 1843, Mr. Waller was appointed by the Illinois Conference of the Protestant Methodist church to a circuit. He was ordained by this conference and was en- gaged as a circuit preacher for several years. When the Methodist church divided on the question ol slavery, Mr. Waller concluded to unite with the Con- gregational church. He continued to preach for this church till after his removal to Iowa. In 1856 he removed with a col- ony to Nebraska, and assisted in the organ- ization of the Second Congregational Association of that Territory. He resided in Nebraska until 1858, when, as already stated, he came to this county. Soon after, he took a mission under the united auspices of the Congregational and Presbyterian churches. He worked on his mission till those churches divided on the question of slavery, and he then united with the Method- ist Episcopal church, where he has remained ever since. He continues to preach as a local minister. He resided on his farm until 1879, when he came to Leon. In December, i860, he lost his wife bv death, and in 1861, he married Mrs. Lavina T. Holmes, a native of the same county as her husband. Her first husband, Edmund Holmes, died in this county in 1859. ^I'- V\^^ller■s first wife bore him six children, five of whom are living — Mary, wife ol James Hisey, of Kansas; William V. and Thomas W., live on the homestead ; Alfred, resides in San Francisco, California, and Sarah A., wife of James A. Hawkins, »)l Leon. His eldest son— Alexander K., was a member of Company D, Fiftieth Illinois >'♦ :« ♦ i:; > ♦' > ♦ :♦ ♦ > ♦. > ♦ >*. >.:«. > ♦' > ♦ ^* * :» » :«.;♦ :♦> > ♦ :« ♦ >> :♦'♦ '.* y ':*.*'. ;♦:* :♦♦: :♦:♦. :♦:♦ > > > *■ >;♦ :♦* >> >'♦ .♦ <• >.* >:♦: :♦;♦: ;♦:♦ >■* > ♦ ,♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦ > ♦ >.♦. '♦:♦ :♦ ♦ ;♦:♦ > ♦ V •*• ;♦.♦ ;♦.:* ;♦ ♦ ;♦:♦■ >♦ >:♦ >;♦ ;♦;♦ » > ♦ >,♦. :♦♦ > ♦ > • >.♦ ;♦;♦ >.♦ !♦ <' :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦. :♦':♦ :♦' ♦ :♦ ♦ > •> :♦ ♦ :♦♦ :♦.♦ > • :♦ > :♦ ♦ > .■ >.♦: :«::"C'»r<»"c«'<»>:>:»::c4>"4iii^>"'»\=^^ >;»:'«;»::«:c«'£«:€:«>::c«»:»:»::«»:y>:»:i»>::€J»>>:i«<»:i^ 568 HISTOnr OF DECATUR COUNTr. Infantry, and was at the taking of Fort Donelson and Clarksville, and was killed the first day of the battle of Shiloh, April, 1862. A son of Mrs. Waller, Richard Holmes, entered the army as a drummer- boy, and died at the siege of Vicksburg, in 1863. In 1 88 1, just forty years after Mr. Waller left his native land, he returned to Eno-land on a visit. He found that marked changes had taken place, not only in the people, but great progress had been made in the nation generally, in liberaHzing thought, education of the masses, and general pros- perity. He is one of the highly respected citizens of this county, and much esteemed as an honorable Christian gentleman. -«— <3-< :♦::♦: •»::♦: !»::♦: :■»::« .«;« :«•::♦: .>::« :♦;:* :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :■»::♦: »::« ;♦::♦: :<•:;«! :■♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :*■-'■»: :♦::«•: »::♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :«•::■«! :♦::«: :♦.:■»: !»:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;«! :*:;♦; :♦::* :♦:>: :*:.^ :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >:;♦: ;♦:■* :♦"♦: >::« :->;;••! :♦::♦: :■♦::♦; ■»::♦; :♦"♦! :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;■♦::♦: >"«■ :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::* •»::•»■ :«::♦: :♦,.♦: •♦;:♦: :♦::♦; !♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :■»:* ¥.^, .•»::♦. !♦]>; *:♦: :♦:;♦; (»:;♦; ■♦:■♦; :*::♦: :♦:>: s*-:«: s»::»: :'-■;♦: ■*■;>: I*::*; !>..•. :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: !♦:;♦; :♦::♦: !♦"♦; :•»':«■ >::«: >!* <••:♦; :♦::* :♦::♦) :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >;;♦; m. •♦;*;*:>:»:;*"«:ccc«c«;c*;;«::cc*;:*"*:>"C*;:«:cccc»:>"c*::c«^^^ f^(|[ILLIAM C. COZAD is the young- r\T est surviving son of Alice Cozad IrSjfeS and wife. He resides on section 4, Morgan Township. He was born in Indi- ana, in 1849, and married Nancy Bright, a daughter of Jacob Bright, who was born in Gallia County, Ohio, in 1852. They have three children — Herbert, Lettie and Floyd. A sketch of Alice Cozad and Jacob Bright will be found elsewhere in this volume. ITEPHEN BEACH, one of the lead- ins: aarriculturists of Hamilton Town- ship, living on section 18, was born on Long Island, New York, October 15, 1824, his parents, Ira and Elsie (Gildersleeve) Beach, being natives of the same place. They had a family of six children — John, Stephen, Richard, Amelia and Harriet, and one who died in early childhood. Stephen Beach received his education in the schools of New York City. At the age of eighteen years he began a seafaring life, which he followed many years, sailing from Boston and New York to Southern ports. He en- gaged in the coast trade in company with E. Van Seckel, a prominent commission merchant of New York City. They had built, to their order, a schooner of 225 tons burden, of which Mr. Beach had charge, holding the position of captain. He was united in marriage December 28, 1853, to Miss Alice C. Lees, a native of Edin- burgh, Scotland, a daughter of John and Barbara (McMillen) Lees. They have six children — Harriet N., Alice N., Francis S., Estella E.. Ivan S. and Stephenia I. After their marriage Mrs. Beach accompanied her husband, making her home on board the vessel as long as he remained in the trade. At the commencement of the war of the Rebellion, which injured the coast trade, Mr. Beach sold his interest in the business, and in 1864 he removed with his family to Clinton County, Illinois, where he resided two years, and while there he was drafted into the service, and was obliged to hire a substitute, paying him $goo. He had previously furnished money for substitutes while living in the East. He also had forty head of cattle run off by bushwhackers while attending to the draft, while in Clinton County. In 1856 he locat- ed in Christian County, Illinois, remaining there till he came to Decatur County, in 1874. He then resided two years on a farm in Decatur Township, six miles north- west of Leon, when he sold that property and bought his farm of Allen Scott, a prominent pioneer of Decatur County, where he has since been engaged in gen- eral farming and stock-raising. This is one of the best farms in Decatur County, con- taining 294 acres of chiefly rich bottom land of Grand River. His farm is under good cultivation, and his residence and farm buildings are noticeably good. He has a fine orchard on his land, containing 200 fruit trees. Mr. and Mrs. Beach, since coming to Decatur County, have ranked, both socially and financially, among its :•':♦::•»: *^ >::•« :♦::♦: »:;•« ;♦::♦: :*::♦' '*;:♦; W.'M >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: m :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;>: >;:♦: :♦::♦: *;^ :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦' :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :■»;:♦: !♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*>; :♦::«■; :♦;:<> >::«•; :♦::♦: ;♦:* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;*::♦; ;♦;:<; :♦::♦: >]>; ;♦>: ;♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦.;♦: >;:♦; !♦:;♦: :«:;♦: ;♦>: >;>: ■>>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ■*:;♦: ■»::♦; :♦::♦: ■»;:♦■: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:!♦: »: :♦♦! *:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦■>: :«•:♦: :♦:♦: >;:♦: :♦;>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ■ ^ ♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦,:♦: ♦ ♦! ;«-:;♦: ♦ >■ ;♦.;♦: ■♦:;♦: .*::♦: :♦;:♦; ■«:♦::♦: ♦ »•• •»• ♦>:cc»'<*>"cc»>>'»>:c»>:c<»:<;<*:y>>'>::,c.»".cycc»' »y y ».»»»:.«y.ciry« « ♦> ♦ • ♦ ♦ > ♦ ♦ -* ♦ ♦. ♦.« ♦'« ♦ *: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦ ♦ ♦; ♦ '•: :♦:♦! >::«! ♦::« ♦;:« «l ♦:.♦: ♦:.♦; ♦:* ♦:;«; *"«! ♦:;♦: ♦ ♦; '♦' ♦' ♦ •: ♦"♦: ■♦:•; '♦:♦; ♦::♦: ♦;:♦: '♦;♦: *:♦: ♦::♦: '♦:'♦: :♦♦! ♦ *■ ♦ •>■ ♦ ♦] ;♦;♦: :♦:* *♦: :♦:,♦: ♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:* .♦♦: ♦:;♦: ;♦:* ;♦::♦: :♦!♦! ;♦:,♦: ♦:>: ♦: ♦! ♦'>: '♦'♦' <■ ♦ ♦ ♦: ,♦.*: ♦ ♦; ♦:♦: ♦..♦! ♦:♦: ;♦.-•. '♦:♦! ♦ ♦: ♦■.♦; ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; *:♦; «;♦; ♦ ♦: ♦>; ♦ ♦' ♦'♦' ♦:♦: ♦ ♦ ♦. ♦; ♦. ♦: ♦, ♦; ♦ ♦, .♦j»;a BIOGRAPHICAI, SKETCHES. 66» .eadinpf families. While living in Christian Coiintv. IlHiKiis. they were active members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he erected a church on his own farm, at his own expense, which he deeded, with an acre of ground, to the Methodist Episco- pal denomination. ISAAC N. DeLONG, residing on sec- tion 20 of New Buda Township. Deca- tur County, was born May i, 1S43, in Marion County, Indiana, a son of Alexan- der and Elizabeth (Rodman) DeLong, na- tives of Ohio, in wliich State they were reared. Shortly after their marriage they settled ill Marion County, Indiana. In 1851 they came with their family to Iowa and made their home in Jones Count}' till the fall of 1856. They then came as pioneers to Fayette Township, Decatur County, lo- cating on section 25, and there improved a farm. The mother died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Rosanna Rifle, in Noda- way, Missouri, in 1873, aged sixty-eight years, the father dying at the age of seven- ty-three years in 1878, on section 20, New Buda Township, where he had resided for a few years preceding his death. Mr. Isaac N. DeLong. our subject, has lived in De- catur County since thirteen years of age, except three years spent in the Union serv- ice. He enlisted April 28, 1862, in Compa- ny E, Third Missouri Cavalry, in which he served one year, when it was consolidated with the Sixth Missouri Cavalry, into Com- pany M. in which he served till the expira- tion of his term of enlistment. He was on duty all of the time in Missouri and Ar- kansas, where he did much hard work and marching. Though not in many historic battles, his regiment was of great useful- ness. He participated with his regiment in the battle of Springlield in 1864, and in tlie campaign repelling the invasion of rebel Generals Price and Marmaduke. In April, 1865, he received an honorable dis- charge, when he returned to his old home in Decatur County. He was married Feb- ruary 17, 1866, to Miss Editha Brooks, a native of Kentucky, born December 7, 1849, ^ daughter of J. V. and Huldah Brooks, who have been residents of Harri- son County, Missouri, for many years. Mr. and Mrs. DeLong have nine children liv- ing — Rosa, wife of William R. Manchester, of Mercer County, Missouri; Alonzo, Mar- ccllus, Hulda, John R., Josephine, Charles, Fred and Blanche, all living at home. Martha Jane, the seventh child, died aged three years. Mr. DeLong is meeting with success in his agricultural pursuits, and has a fmc farm of 140 acres where he resides, well improved and well stocked. In poli- tics he is a Republican, casting his first Presidential vote at the second election of Abraham Lincoln. He is one of the tried and trusted citizens of New Buda Town- ship, of which he is at present assessor, an office he has filled acceptably for two years. He has also served as township trustee for four years. He is a member of the Reor- ganized Church of the Latter Day Saints. Mrs. DeLong is a member of the United Brethren church. fG. SPRINGER, one ol the prosper- ous agriculturists and an enterprising * citizen of Bloomington Township, re- siding on section i, is a native of Darke County, Ohio, born November 28, 1848, a son of Rev. B. (). Si)ringer, who was a |)rominent minister of the gospel till his death. When our subject was seven years old his parents removed from Ohio to Decatur County, Iowa, and here he was reared on a farm, and educated in the com- mon schools, lie was married April 20, 1871, to Miss Maggie Thomas, a lady of .♦::c«>::o:>>>i:fc:o>::«.«^«:>:>::*>>::'€»>l»JCJiUO>>r;*>>:> ♦ ♦, ;♦:•> ♦:♦; ♦ * ♦ ♦i ♦ ♦, :♦♦! :♦::« >:* :♦::* »■ ■♦.♦! *.* :♦:'* :♦ :♦' '*'«! ;♦■* :♦.* :♦.:«; ;♦.♦; >-.♦: :♦:* .*■«' :♦♦. ■» ♦: ;•'.♦! ••* :♦■-♦' !♦"♦; >'«•■ :♦'♦' :♦¥ > « >''•: !♦-!♦; >"♦: >♦' ■«,♦' ♦ *, ♦'♦' « ♦: :♦ «i :♦ ♦' ♦ ♦' >.♦; :♦:.•* !*:«. '»:*, :♦.* >::«! :♦:;«! ;♦♦' ♦ -f ♦ •* ,* ♦, ■*:♦; ■♦::«i >■ ♦' ♦ ♦ y ♦: •» •; ♦ ,♦; >. ♦! >:♦! it-:! '• ♦! ♦ ♦' ♦ «! ♦.♦' :♦*. ♦ *! .♦ ♦: ■» ♦' ♦ <■, < ♦" <> ♦ ♦ ♦ "^'S"r-«scc«i !«»; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :*:;>; ^/■>' ;<>;>; sk:* :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; »;;<■; ;•»:*; :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::« »::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :*•:>: :♦:.*: :♦;:♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: V.fti :♦:.*; :♦;:«•: s»:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::« :«■:♦: :♦;*; :■»::♦: :♦:»; :♦;;■« <«;♦: »::♦: *::♦; :«;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::«: ;♦::♦: :•»;:♦: :♦:;♦; ■»:•♦: :♦;:♦: '*;;♦; ;♦:•!>; :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦:;«: :■»;■*; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :•»::♦; :♦:;♦: :■♦::♦: :♦::•>; !»::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :■♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: 'f.'M :♦::♦; :♦:•>: >:>: ;«•:♦; ■*:;♦; :♦::♦: >►::*: :♦::♦; >:■♦: ■*'.*' !<■.'♦; ;•»:/♦; ;•»:.♦: :<>:;♦; 570 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. culture and refinement, who was a native of Wales, a daughter of David and Mary Ann Thomas, of Grand River Township, this count)'. Mr. Springer has been pros- perous in his farming and stock-raising, which he still follows with success, and now owns one of the best farms in Bloom- ington Township, containing 400 acres of well-improved land, a substantial residence comfortably furnished, a good orchard, and a commodious barn and other out-buildings for the accommodation of his stock. By his genial manners and fair dealings he has se- cured a good position both socially and financially as well as gained the respect of all who know him. Mr. Springer has al- ways taken an active part in anything per- taining to the advancement of education or religion in the community in which he re- sides. In politics Mr. Springer affiliates with the Republican party. His mother makes her home with him where she is sur- rounded with all the comforts of life in her declining years. Mr. and Mrs. Springer are the parents of three children — Mary A., born June 12, 1875 ; W. J., born Oc- tober 2, 1877, and M. E. J., born October 25, 1881. ■^^ -- s*^- -=*♦ ,LLEN PRYOR, one of the most U^% prominent and influential of Decatur ^^ County pioneers, resides on section 19, Garden Grove Township. In contem- plating on the past and reviewing what has been achieved by the citizens of the coun- ty, we find that no one has done more to make it what it is — one of the most pros- perous counties in Iowa — than Allen Pryor, and a history of the county and a record of its citizens would be incomplete did it not contain some mention of him. Hence for the benefit of coming generations as well as for the pleasure of the present, wc give a brief sketch of liis life. He is a native of Mason County, Virginia, born August 24, 1823, a son of Luke and Frances (Johnston) Pryor. When he was seven years of age his parents moved to Crawford County, Ohio, where the father died in 1831 and the mother in 1832. After the death of. his parents he was bound out to a tanner, and served as an apprentice about five years, receiving for his services his board and clothes and the happy privilege of attend- ing school about three months. When fif- teen years of age he went to work for a farmer, and the first year received $6 a month, the second year having his wages increased to $7 a month. At the end of his second year he was employed by a man named Cope to assist him in buying cattle and driving them from Illinois across the Alleghanies, remaining with him a year and receiving $10 a month. He then re- turned to Crawford County, Ohio, and a month later went to Illinois, where he lived until twenty years of age, doing faithfully everything at which he was employed. He then returned to his old home in Ohio, and for a time was emplo3'ed to split rails, split- ting 30,000 at 30 cents a hundred. His first land purchase was eight}' acies in Wyan- dot County, Ohio, near the Sandusky River, for which he paid $320. He subse- quently went to Virginia and engaged in raiting lumber on the Ohio and Kanawha rivers, in partnership with William Alfred. This business he followed about five years with fair success. In the meantime, June 15, 1848, he was married to Miss Amelia F. Newman, a native of Mason County, Vir- ginia, daughter of Walter and Eleanor S. (Booton) Newman. The fall after his mar- riage he, with his young wife, moved to Ohio, and at once set about erecting a cabin on the land he had previously bought. His land was heavily timbered, and much hard work was in store for him before it was ready to yield paying crops. However, he went bravely to work, and by f /-^ h'^. ^r/yJ^a^^- >■♦::♦:■♦■"*;♦;:♦::♦♦:♦ :♦» !»:♦: >::«: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦, :•::♦: >!>: >:>: :♦:;♦: >:>: (»::♦: >!:'•: :«:>: >'>: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: >:;♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: w.f. :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: >':*; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: *>: :«.:«! :♦::♦: »::♦: :«::♦: :«;:♦: >::«: >:>: :*::♦: :«::♦: :«::♦: >;:«: >::♦: >::«: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;;«': »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::*: »:»: ;•!:♦: :♦;:♦: >:>; :♦,;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: »;;«': ;♦<:♦: >.:«'; .*.:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦;:♦: :«:;♦: :♦;:♦; !»:;♦: :«::♦: »:»: »::♦: :♦;:♦: !*:>: :♦::« »::♦: !»::♦: »:;♦: »:»; »::«; »;:•: ■♦:♦■ * ♦ ♦ « »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦•♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦••♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦« ♦ ♦ >: ♦: .♦: * :♦: *: ♦: ♦: ♦: ♦: :♦. ♦: ♦: '♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :cccc«j»:>>>»:»;»»»»»»»jil»> BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 575 faithful labor, so improved his place that in the spring of 1853 he sold it (or $1,900. He liad long had a desire to iinmiijrate to what was then the Far West, and after sell- ing his farm he loaded his houseiiold effects into a two-horse wagon, and bade fare- well to his Ohio home, and twenty-one days from the date of his departure, halted and camped on the spot where he now resides. After prospecting to some extent he be- came convinced that he liad found the place that would suit him for a h(jme, and accordingly entered a tract of 400 acres and the second time played the part of a pioneer. He built a log cabin with clap- board roof, stick and clay chimney and puncheon floor, and was again read}' to take up the cares of life, and again went to work to make a home. This time, however, there was no timber to fell and he soon had his land ready to sow, and bountiful crops were the reward of iiis labor. His success has exceeded his fondest e.xpectations and in addition to good farms that he has given two of his sons, he now has a fine homestead of 500 acres, and 400 acres of good land in Missouri. He has given, for a number of years, almost his entire attention to stock- raising, and is not only the pioneer stock- man of the county, but is also one of the most extensive dealers in Southern Iowa. His favorite fancy is for the short-horn breed of cattle, having in the twenty-one years in which he has been thus engaged shown that breed especial favor. He now has on his farm over sixty head of thor- ough-brcds, and a visit to him will well re- pay any lover of fine stock. Mr. I'ryor is interested in all projects of public benefit and is always ready to aid liberally any en- terprise that promises to promote the wel- fare of his county or township, but his time has been so taken up with the affairs of his farm, that he has declined all official hon- ors, the only way in which he has served being one term as justice of the peace. He 40 is a member of the Masonic fraternity, I having been connccleil with the lodge at ; Garden Grove twenty-five years. In poli- ' tics he is an unswerving Democrat. To Mr. and Mrs. Pryor have been born nine children, six sons and three daughters — I Martha J.. Winfield S., Augustus M., Wal- ter Luke, .Mary Ella, John Allen, Bart O., Guv T., and an infant daughter deceased. KTER C. WATSABAUGH resides on section 2, Eden Township, where he ~i(;' settled in 1882. He purchased his farm of William Jenkins, and it is one of the first settled farms in the township. His father, Samuel Ross Watsabaugh, was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, in October, 1816, and married Elizabeth Kyle, who was born in November. 1820. In 1850 they removed to Johnson County, Iowa, and to Decatur County in 1871. They first settled in Burrell Township, and two years later removed to Eden Township. May 24, 1874, Mr. Watsabaugh went to the tim- ber for a load of wood, and having been absent longer than was thought necessary the family became alarmed, and search was made for him. He was found dead, having fallen from the wagon, which had passetl over his neck. He was subject to apoplexy, and it was thought that he might have fallen in a fit, but it was not ceitain. He was a member of Welcome Grange, whic h passed a series of resolutions on his death, which gave a just estimate of thecharivctir of the deceased. His sad and suiiden death was lamented by all who knew him. He was a consistent member of the church of God. His manner was (|uict and re- served, and every man was his friend. He left a wife and six children, all of whom are living — Andrew J., of Leon ; PelerC, George F., of Laconia, Warren County, Iowa: Daniel. i)ul)lisiier of the Weldon ♦ ♦;;♦"♦'♦"♦'>;♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦«♦♦♦•♦♦♦♦♦♦♦••• ♦:•"♦!>"♦?>!'♦;♦ ♦♦♦•♦♦•♦•♦♦♦ cc*" .♦:♦, »: m >>; :♦::•: >;:♦! i^ ;♦::♦' :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >::♦: >::«: >::♦; :♦::•«{ :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: >:♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: ^ :♦;:♦; >.:♦: >■;♦! :♦;;♦: >::«: >:>: >::♦: :♦::«; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:* :♦"♦; ;♦"♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :*:»: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :•;;♦; :♦:*■ :«t>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;♦; :♦:;♦; »: :*:>: ;♦:♦! :♦:♦: >::•: >:;♦; :♦::♦; >>: ;♦;:« :«::♦: ■*:♦: %:•: :♦::♦: :♦.;•': >.:♦: :«.>: :♦"♦: :•:»: :c*: !*';«', :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: >::»: :♦;:« ;♦.:♦: !•;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; '♦:♦: :♦;♦: :•:♦: ■♦:♦; : ♦: :♦:•*•;♦: :♦::♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::•* 'm :♦:;« »>; :♦::•« ?»;;* :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« ^:« .♦::« :♦::« :♦::« .♦::« »::♦: :♦::« :■•■:-•! :♦::« !»::'« :♦:•« ;*:^ :♦::•« »~« :♦::« 'm :♦;:•« :♦« »!:« :♦:'« :♦::« :♦:« :♦::« >::« :♦:;•« ;♦«« :♦::« »::« ;♦::« :♦::« »:•« »::♦: :♦>: »;:« »::« »>; :♦::♦: :♦::« :«* >::♦: »::« *:♦; »::« :♦:;»! »>: »:« :♦::« :♦:;♦: »::« »;:« »:»: :♦::« :♦::« mn w:m »::« »"« »::« »:;« »::« :♦::« »::« :♦::« »::« :«;« :♦::♦;:♦: 576 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. Hornet, at Weldon ; Mrs. Anna J. Sayers, wife of Marion Saj^ers, of Osceola. The deceased were — Harriet G., who died at the age of two years; David K., who lived seven years, and Martha E., who died at the age of twenty years. The mother now lives in Leon. Peter C. Watsabaugh has ninety-five acres of well-improved land, which is an excellent stock farm, being well watered. He married Mary Whistler, daughter of Dr. Whistler, of Brighton, Iowa. They have seven children — Eva, Sady, Ida, jVIary, Burtha, Ray and Walter. Kyle died at the age of four years. R. BATHE, an extensive breeder and dealer of short-horn cattle, and [® the proprietor of Eagle Farm, on section 29, Bloomington Township, is one of the old pioneers, and an active and en- terprising citizen of Decatur County. He was born in Moultrie County, Illinois, March 20, 1842, a son of James and Me- linda(Powellj Bathe, natives of Illinois, the father born in Vermillion County. They j had a family of eight children. Our sub- ject was left an orphan at the age of ten j years, and in 1856 he came to Decatur Countv, Iowa, with his brother-in-law, A. J. McClain, with whom he made his home for a number of years. He attended the common schools during his spare time, and by study at home he managed to obtain a fair education. He was early in life in- ured to hard work, and for a number of seasons he was engaged in breaking prai- rie. August 15, 1 861, he enlisted in Com- pany M, Third Iowa Cavalry, and was in all the engagements of that noted regi- ment, including the battles of Pea Ridge, Hartville, Missouri, Little Rock, Arkan- sas, Guntown, Selma. Alabama, Montgom- ery, Alabama, and Columbus and Macon, Georgia. He was slightly wounded at Guntown, Mississippi, but never missed a roll-call, and was always ready for duty while in the service. He was promoted to Sergeant-Major of his regiment in 1863, for his gallant conduct. He was honor- ably discharged with his regiment, at At- lanta, Georgia, August 9, 1865, and was mustered out at Davenport, Iowa, August 20, when he returned to Decatur County. October 13. 1865, he was married to Miss M. A. McDonald, a daughter of Maley and Marv (Ferguson) McDonald, her father having been a prominent pioneer of Deca- tur County, but at present resides in Kel- lerton, Ringgold Count}'. The}' are the parents of six children — Nora, Lorena, Irvin, Avon, Carrie E. and Charlie W. G. R. Bathe located in Decatur City in the fall of 1865, remaining there till the spring of 1868, when he removed to Bloom- ington Township and settled on his present farm at Tuskeega, then a wild, uncultivated tract of land. He built his residence the same )'ear, which is a two story building 16 x 30 feet, with an ell 26 x 30 feet, making a comfortable and commodious dwelling, which is surrounded by a grove of shade and ornamental trees. He has two good barns, and other out buildings for the accommodation of his stock and stock-scales. His farm is lo- cated on sections 22 and 23, and contains 500 acres all fenced, and is mostly meadow and pasture land. His time is principally devoted to the raising of thorough-bred short-horn cattle, he being the largest breeder and dealer of thorough-bred cat- tle in the county. He has seventy-five head of thorough-bred cattle of the most noted families, and all his stock is regis- tered in the American Short-Horn Herd Book. He has followed this business suc- cessfully since 1876. He began life a poor bo}', but by his industrious habits and good business qualifications, he has acquired a large propertv, and is classed among >::♦: >;:♦: ;♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: W<. :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:«■ :♦;:♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 5»::*: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »:»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«!« !»::♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:>: :♦::♦: »::♦: !■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::« »:;♦: :♦>: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: »"♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:« »::♦: :♦::«:« :* »,:♦. :«;«! »::« k:«! »::« !»:;♦: <•::♦: »:« !»::♦: !»:;♦: !»:•: *:♦: !♦:;♦! !»::« <»::« »:«! %:« !»:;« »:;* i»:«5 !»::♦: »;* !»>: !•;:«; »>: »;;« ]?^ !•::« »::♦: *:* <•:;« !»::« :♦>: »>: !»:»: :♦>: :♦:>: ^^ i !•:;♦: »::♦: !»::♦: !*>; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 577 the prosperous citizens of the county. In his political views he is a Republi- can, and a devoted advocate of the princi- ple that right will prevail. We find Mr. Bathe to be one of the most genial, good- natured man we ever met, alvvavs ready to assist those about him, and a father to the poor. We cannot speak too highly of his good wife and family — they are a model family whose words and conversa- tions make lasting impressions for good. SOSES DANIELS. M. D., is a na- tive of Jackson County, Ohio, born January 12, 1834, the eldest son of Richard and Mary (Nally) Daniels. Rich- ard Daniels was a native of Virginia. He removed to Jackson County, Ohio, in 1817, being among the first settlers of that coun- ty. When Moses was fourteen years of age his parents removed from Jackson County to Knox County, Illinois. They are now living in Cloud County, Kansas, the father aged seventy-four, and the mother seventy-two years. They reared a family of eight children — Moses, James, Alexander, Richard, George, William, Nancy Jane and Martha. Moses Daniels was reared to agricultural pursuits, his father being a farmer by occupation, and received his education in his native coun- ty, and in Knox County, Illinois, he hav- ing lived in the latter county seven years. He was married July 31, 1853, to Miss Clarissa Bullard, a native of Canada West, who came with her parents, Reuben and Caroline Minerva (Marvin) Bullard, to the United States when thirteen years old, and lived in the State of Illinois till her marriage. In 1857 Dr. Daniels, with his wife and one child, went to Davis County, Missouri. During the late war he enlisted in the First Missouri Engi- neers, the date of his enlistment being Sep- tember 21, 1862. He was honorably dis- charged at St. Louis, Missouri, March 3, 1865, when he returned to his home in Davis County, remaining there till 1872. He then came to Decatur County, Iowa, and in the fall of 1873 lie located at Terre Haute. Dr. Daniels has practiced medi- cine for sixteen years, in which profession he met with good success, until, on ac- count of sickness and partial blindness, he was obliged to retire from active practice. The doctor has, by his upright and honora- ble dealings, secured the confidence and re- spect of all who know him, and is numbered among the best citizens of BurrcU Town- ship, where he has so long resided. In politics he is a Republican. He is a worthy member of the Protestant Meth- odist church. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, belonging to Deca- tur Lodge, No. 102. To Dr. and Mrs. Daniels have been born ten children, of whom six are living — Richard, Th(mias, Caroline Minerva (wife of E. R. Awbrey, of Davis City), Philip Sheridan, Gtorge W^. and Ira Sherman. Reuben died, aged twenty-two years: Clara L., aged ten months, and Mary Alice and Clarissa died in early infancy. C. MACV, M. D., of Pleasanton, a son of Dr. David and Caroline (^Gib- i** son) Macy, is a native of Harrison County, Missouri, born July 7, 1844. Wlien he was eleven years of age his father lo- cated at Pleasanton, Decatur County, where he spent his youth, receiving his education in the schools of that vill.igc. He commenced the study of medicine with his father, and in the fall of 1S74 lornied a partnership with him at Jamesporf, Mis- souri, which lasted till 1876. He attended the American Eclectic College at Cincin- nati, Ohio, receiving the degree of M. D. :♦:♦: !♦♦: :♦:« »::« !»::« »::«! K:«i :♦:« :♦:«! »::•: <»::«! yt'jf. »■*! !»:!« »:« :•:'♦; :♦;:* !•>: :♦'<»: :♦;:* »: ;♦;* *:;* »;* *:% !»:;*! »:;♦: *:♦: »::«: »; *>: :♦>: !»::« !•::♦: !•::♦: S^ »: k*: i :♦>: !•;«! :♦:♦; w: !»;;♦: (»::♦: !»::♦: v:*: »: m i • ♦ 4 ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ■»■♦»'< :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::« *i^ *^ :♦;;*. >::♦' >::< :♦!>: :♦;:♦; ♦::♦ :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: ;•••:♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: (♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >"♦: >:>: ;♦::♦: ?^< ;♦::♦: *;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;■* :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦«♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: !'«;« :♦::♦: :♦!>: :♦::♦; :«;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !'«>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »;:♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦■ :♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: 578 HISTORT OF DECATUR CO U NTT. in 1879. After dissolving partnership with his father in 1876 he returned to Pleasan- ton and engaged in the practice of his pro- ! fession which he has since followed with success, building up a large and lucrative practice. His first year's practice amounted to $1,500, and since then has reached as high as $5,000 per year. The doctor was united in marriage July 23, 1865, to Miss Almira Snook, a native of Pleasanton, and a daughter ot William and Rosena Snook, who were among the early pioneers of this county. This union has been blessed with one child — E. O., born November 22, 1870. The doctor was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, enlisting. July 3, 1863, in Com panv K, First Missouri Cavalry, and was in the engagements at Marshall, Independ- ence and Big Blu3 River, Missouri, where Gsneral Marmaduke was captured, Mr. Macy being one of the guards who con- ducted the General to Jefferson City. Af- ter serving two years he received an hon- orable discharge. He is living on the old homestead, which is one of the best resi- dences in the town, and is now the property of our subject. Dr. Macy is active in any enterprise calculated to promote the cause of education or religion, or the public welfare, and has alwaj's been a promi- nent citizen of Hamilton Township, gain- ing by his honorable and uprigiit dealings, the confidence of all wiio know him. The doctor is a member of the Odd Fellows order, belonging to Pleasanton Lodge, No. 204. I • 3 c : i> SARTIN V. McCLEARY, farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section '',-.^fi^ 15, High Point Township, where he owns 140 acres of land. He was born in Jefferson County, Iowa, September 20, 1843, son of Isaac and Sarah McClear)', natives of Virginia and Maryland. He was reared a farmer, and came to Decatur Count v in 1857, where he has since followed farming. He was married in High Point, in 1863, to Melissa Hitchcock, daughter of James and Millie Hitchcock, natives of Ohio, who was born in Ohio in 1845. They have one child — Floyd V., born in 1885, just twenty-one years and eighteen da3-s after they were married. Mr. McCleary belongs to the Masonic order. He has held the office of county commissioner, township trustee and road supervisor. Politically he is a Democrat. i-J»t^H-,?^^B'tf5«t-«^«?-»- ;♦::♦: >.:♦: >"* :♦:>: >:>: ?^< :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦" :♦::♦: :♦::♦: m :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: >:>: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: **i :«;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦;>: :♦::«: ■*»; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;«::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.>; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: !»::♦: :♦:;♦: 'MM :♦::♦: MM wv*'MMMMM:MrM»7MM»rM»rMMMMM:MM:iC*.M'M:4::^^^ M. ASH BURN, one of the old pio- neers of Decatur County, now living on section 26, Bloomington Town- ship, was born in McLean County, Illinois, October 9, 1842, the eldest son of Jesse and Elmira (Glass) Ashburn, who were natives of Overton County, Tennessee, and Ohio, respectivel)'. They had twelve children born to them — James M., our subject; Mary F., Sophia J., Lydia A., Sarah A., Samantha, Hannah E.. Robert A., George W., Charles and two who died in early childhood. Our subject was ten years of age when he left his native county, and started with his parents for Iowa. They located in Fayette County, Illinois. In 1856 the family settled in Burrell Township, Decatur County, mak- ing their homenearTerre Haute. James M. grew to manhood on a farm in this county, receiving in his vouth the benefit of the common schools. He enlisted in the late war July 6, 1861, a member of Company D, Fourth Iowa Infantry, and partici- pated in the engagements of Chickasaw Bavou, Arkansas Post, first and second battles of Jackson, Mississippi, Champion Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Brandon, Missis- sippi, Chattanooga, Mission Ridge, in the Atlanta campaign, and in the battles at Jonesboro and Savannah. He was wounded by a piece of shell at Chickasaw Bayou, ♦ «• ♦ ♦.♦♦♦♦■♦♦-♦♦♦♦"♦'♦'• . ■♦♦♦.:♦:>:;♦:>»:♦:;♦:■♦»:■♦;♦ « > .♦.♦. :♦:.♦; :♦;♦: :♦>: :•;*; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; -♦.* ,♦:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦. ♦: ♦.♦: ♦:♦: ♦:♦: ♦ •: ♦ ♦: li/OGRAPU/CAI. SKETCHES. ♦ ♦. ♦;♦: '♦♦: ♦:♦: ,♦.♦; .♦;,♦! »;;♦: and was shotthrough hisclothingat Vicks- burg. He was honorably discharged at Davenport, Iowa, August 18, 1865, when he returned to Decatur County. He was married May 9, 1867, to Miss Ruth E. Mercer, a daughter of John and Margaret Mercer, her father having been one of the pioneers of this county. He was a mem- ber of the Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry in the war of the Rebellion, and died in the hospital at St. Louis in 1864. Mr. Ash- iji* burn has resided on his present farm since 1869. and is engaged in raising, feeding, buying and siiipping stock. His farm, which contains 270 acres of choice land, is under thorough cultivation, and his residence and farm buildings are comfortable and com- modious. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. He is one of the representative citizens of Bloomington Township, and has held several of the township offices, with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. He is a member of the Anti-Horse-Thief Associa- tion. .♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>! ;♦:.♦: :♦::♦: ■»::♦: >"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:■»: &*\ >::«: >;:♦; :♦;;♦; i^* .♦;:♦: •»::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:♦: j^* :♦::♦: :♦::♦; .'»:.♦: m !♦:*: :♦::«: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :*::♦: ♦::♦: !•:>: >;.♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ♦♦ m m *.♦; >;.♦; .♦::♦; 1^* h* P copal church. Mr. King was early left an orphan, his father d3Mng when he was twelve years old, and his mother when he was seven. He is commandmg a good trade, and has won the confidence of the trading public. [EORGE KING, merchant at High Point, was born in this county, Jan- uary 24, 1861, son of Andrew J. and Melissa (Williams) King, the former a na- tive of Virginia and the latter of Indiana, and of English descent. Mr. King was reared to farm life until twenty-one years of age, then entered a store in Garden Grove, the name of the firm being Ruff- com, King and McKibben. He remained there one year, and in 1883 came to High Point and started a general store with F. T. McKibben as partner. They carry a stock of $3,500, with an animal sale of $12,000. He was married at .Maplewood Farm, in Garden Grove Township, March 22, 1882, to M. Ella McKibben, daughter of John and Harriet (Hurd) McKibben, natives of Ohio. They are members ol the Methodist Epis- fS^EORGE J. HUTCHINSON, one '- the prominent and of '^liS)T '"^ promineni anci enterprising citi- '^^ zens of Woodland Township, living on section 14, was born in Butler County, Ohio, June 11, 1837, a son of Sanford and Mary (Charlton) Hutchinson, the father a native of Kentucky, and the mother born in Butler County, Ohio. Of eleven chil- dren born to them eight are yet living — Clarissa Jane, deceased ; George J., James C, Sanford L., Robert M., Mary E., Arthur William, Rebecca Ann and Mar- garet H. Jesse B., the fifth child, and Nancy Maria, the eighth child, are de- ceased. George J., the subject of this sketch, was about five years old when his parents removed with their family to Franklin County, Indiana, and when he had reached the age of sixteen years they returned to Ohio w lieie our subject lived in Butler County till 1859. He then came to Decatur County, Indiana, where he re- mained four years when he went to Bartholomew Couniy, Indiana. He was reared to agricultural pursuits from his boyhood, and was educated in the common schools. He enlisted in the late war Aug- ust 14, 1862, in the Wilder Battery, In- diana Light Artillery, and was at the battle of Harpers Ferry, where he was taken prisoner. He was parolled, and afiei ward exchanged when he was sent to Chicago where he remained till December 21, 1862. He then spent a short time at Springfield, thence to Indianapolis, Indiana, where, March 18, 1863, his company was sent to the front. lie- participated in the enirage- ♦ • >:♦: :♦:♦: >:♦. :♦.♦: 5^ .♦:♦. .♦>■ ♦ ♦. 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He was honor- ably discharged at Indianapolis, July 19, 1865, when he returned to Ohio. In Feb- ruary, 1868, he came to Decatur County, Iowa, locating on seventy acres of his pres- ent farm to which he has since added till he now has 198 acres. He was married April 3, 1873, to Miss M. M. Brown, a daughter of John and Rebecca (Nutte) Brown. Mrs. Hutchinson was born in Lewis County, Virginia, and became a resident of Iowa in 1869. Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson have two sons — Eli and Elijah P. A daughter, Edith, died aged four years and nine months. Mr. Hutchinson is engaged in general farming and raising and dealing in stock, and by his fair and honest dealings he has made many friends. His land is well improved and highly cul- tivated and his residence and farm build- ings are comfortable and convenient. In politics Mr. Hutchinson affiliates with the Democratic party. He has served as road supervisor three terms ; township clerk, two terms; township assessor, seventeen terms ; justice of the peace, two years, and as a member of the School Board for twelve years, filling all these positions with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. •^fro- — &#^^- -*«» tjtfl K. HENSLEY is a native of Vir- T^m ginia, born in Estillville, Scott l^W^I ® County, February 27, 1815, a son of ichabod and Anna (Peters) Hensley. He remained in his native State until thirty years of age, and then went to Pulaski County, Kentucky, where he bought a farm, and lived four years. In 1849 ^^^ moved to Indiana, and lived four years on rented land in Putnam Count^s and in 1853 came to Iowa, and bought 160 acres of land on section 13, Franklin Township, Decatur County, where he has since lived. This land he has improved and now has a pleasant home and is sur- rounded by all that makes life a pleasure. Mr. Hensley was married in his native State, to Miss Elizabeth Osbourn, who was born September 9. 18 19, daughter of Wood and Catherine (Livingston) Osbourn. To Mr. and Mrs. Hensley have been born ten children, seven of whom are living — Mar- tin, James, Rhoda A., Martha J., William, Edward and Arthur. The deceased are — John, Livingston and Mary. Mrs. Hens- ley is a member of the Methodist Episco- pal church, and one of the efficient workers in the church at Garden Grove. In poli- tics Mr. Hensle}' affiliates with the Demo- cratic party. D. MITCHELL, residing on section 36, Burrell Township, Decatur '® County, is a native of Muskingum County, Ohio, born Jul}- 22, 183 1, a son of Abel and Rachel (Donaldson) Mitchell. His parents were married in Ohio, and reared a family of three children — Barzillai Miles, Lorenzo Dow and Jared Cone, our subject being the second child. He grew to manhood in his native county, where he was reared to farming pursuits, receiving his education in the common schools. He was married December 18, 1853, ^o Miss Catharine Meek, who was born in Co- shocton Count}', Ohio, a daughter of David and Elizabeth (Gary) Meek. They have nine children — Maria M.. Mary J., Abel S., Alcinda A., Jared L., Richard E., William D., Samuel G. and Jessie A. In 1856 Mr. Mitchell came to Iowa by team, with his family, which then consisted of his wife and one child, and first located in Madison County, remaining there fifteen and a half months. In the spring of 1858 :♦::♦; >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ^* ;♦:>: ^* :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦ :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: Wi >::♦; :♦::♦: !•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦; >::♦: m :♦::♦: »::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦>: *;« ;♦.:♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: »::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: »::« »;:♦: !»:;♦: »;:« k« »::« !»::♦: %:« :♦::♦: .<»::♦. »:>: :♦;:« ^ :♦::♦: :♦>; »::♦: !«:« »::♦: !»::« »::♦: :♦;:« »::« »•::♦: !♦;*• »::♦: »::« »::♦: »::♦: »::« »:»: »::♦: »:;♦: :«:♦: !»::« !»::« »::« »::♦: »::« »::« »:;♦: »>: »:;« !»::« !»::« »::♦: *..«Lft>-«.'t-«:'AAJtjutJt:jt:*..* '.*:♦;*♦;»:.♦ >j»>>2iu»2«2'i>!k!c«uO^^ >::♦: :♦:»: >:;♦: :♦::* ^^ !•!>: >:>: ^* :♦::* >:>: :♦::* >:>: :♦:>: :♦:>: ■*;«! >!>; :«;;»: >;>: ;♦::♦' >';«! >:>: ;♦;:♦; ♦::♦ :«:>! :♦::♦: *^ ;♦::♦! :«« :♦::« :♦::••! :♦::•« »:;«! :♦::•« :♦:■•! >:;♦; :♦;« :♦::« :♦::«': :♦:*• :♦::♦' :♦::«! :♦;:♦: :♦::••! :♦;:* :♦::•! :♦::« :♦:>: »;>: :♦::♦; :♦:« »::♦: ;♦;:* :♦.:* :♦::♦; ♦-;^ ♦•2 :♦.:« :♦;;«! :♦;:♦: :♦::«! :♦:;••! :♦::«! !»::« »:« »::« :♦::« :♦;;* ;♦::«! ■c«i :«::« :♦;:« :♦::♦; »:>: .«:« :♦::♦: »:■♦: :«;>: !«:♦: '♦■♦:;«!; BIOCRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 581 he came to Decatur County, and settled in Eden Township, where he improveti a forty-acre farm on section i, on which lie livetl twelve years. Me then sold his land in Eden Townshij), and bought the (arm in Burrell Township, where he has since followed general farming and stock-raising. His farm contains 133 acres of well-culti- vated land, and is well adapted for the raising of stock. He has a comfortable residence, well furnished, and a large com- modious barn for his stock besides other farm buildings. His residence is located a half mile from Davis City, his farm be- ing but a quarter of a mile distant from that place. Mr. Mitchell has been a mem- ber of the Christian church over twenty years, of which he is elder. He takes an active interest in everything pertaining to the advancement of religion or education, and is (me of the respected citizens of De- catur County. Politically he casts his suf- frage with the Democratic party. He has served as treasurer of Eden, and also as township assessor, with credit to himself and his constitutents. Spaeth is a self-made man. He started in life without a dollar, but by hard labor and economical habits has acquired a sufficient amount to keep the wolf from his door in old age. lEORGE SPAETH, farmer, resides in Garden Grove. He owns 190 acres of land in High Point Town- ship, besides the house and lot where he resides. He was born in France, in 1S31, and was a son of Joseph and Catherine Spaeth. He was reared to the vocation of a farmer, which he has successfully fol- lowed tlirougli life. He came to Decatur County in 1856, and was married in Gar- den Grove, in 1861, to Margaret Collaen, born in Baden, Germany, in 1836, daugh- ter of George and Mary A. (Bearer) Col- laen. They have two children — Lucy, wife of Lewis Chase, of High Point Town- ship, has two children, Helen ami Ralph; and Alfred, a resident of Montana. Mr. 1LL1.\M A. BROWN, proprietor of the Brown House, Leon, Iowa, has been a resident of Decatur County since ten years of age. He was born in Hurcjn County, Ohio, April 9, 1844, the seventh of eleven children of Hugh and Harriet (Burns) Brown. In 1854 Hugh Brown moved with his lamily t(j Decatur County, and settled in Garden Grove Township, and during many years of his prime was one of the wealth.iest men of the county. He owned a fine farm of 500 acres, a large flouring mill and was quite exten- sively engaged in the mercantile trade at Garden Grove. Many a man has reason to remember him with gratitude for the as- sistance he has given, and many he has rea- son t(j remember for their ingratitude. His obliging disposition caused him to give his name as security for the fulfillment of obligations by others, and in the end he was obliged to meet the whole amount, and thus he became heavily involved and lost the greater part of his propert}', and now at the advanced age of seventy-six years, instead of living in affluence, owns only the small farm where he lives in High Point Township. William A. Brown vol- unteered in the defense of the Union, in August, 1862, and was assigned to Com- pany L, Third Iowa Cavalry, and in |anu- ary, 1864, re-enlisted as a veteran and served over three years, never being absent from duty. His first engagement was at Hartsville, Missouri, where his brother John was taken prisoner and he had two bullets shot through his coat. His regi- ment has a fine record for gallant service, "^ .♦* !♦.:♦; >;♦: »; >:♦: »:♦: !«:«! >;:♦: :♦:*• >;>; :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :«::« :♦.;■•! >.% :♦::«': >::* !♦::♦: :«>: >::« :♦:;♦: >:•; :♦:;♦: £*■ »::♦: :■»>: :♦:;♦; >::« !»>; !»:>: :♦.;♦: !»„« !•»: :♦.:«( !♦.:*. W-*. !»:«! ;♦::* !•;:♦; !♦,:♦: >;:*: >::♦: !»::♦: (♦.:♦: S^ .<•::♦; !•:« (•;:♦: m. !♦■:« 155 !•:«: <•:;«: :♦-♦: !»;:«; if* ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: m »:;♦: }^ .♦"«': :♦::♦: >::♦: :•»:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::*: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:•»: :♦;:*: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:'♦: :«■•»• :♦"♦; :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦:■♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; w.a :♦::♦: ;*■♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: Kfi f^M :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: •»;•»; >:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'MM :♦;;♦; ^ :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦:>: '♦::♦: !♦"♦: >:•••: .*"♦: >:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::«; :♦:'♦: >:;♦: 682 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. being in over forty engagements, and he at all times did a soldier's dut}-, never shirk- ing, but manfully performing his part. Af- ter his discharge he returned to his father's home, and in November, 1866, married Kate L. Miller, who was born in Crawford County, Ohio, in 1847, ^ daughter of Isaac Miller, now of High Point Township. Mr. Brown has engaged in several lines of bus- iness with varied success, and January i, 1886, purchased and took possession of his hotel property. His genial and hospitable manner, aided by his most estimable wife, is fast gaining him a good patronage from the traveling public. In 1883 he was elected sheriff of Decatur County, on the Fusion ticket, and in 1885 was a candidate for re- election, but, with the whole ticket, was de- feated. In politics he is a Democrat, and one of the prominent men in the local councils of his party. He is a member of Grand River Lodge, No. 78, F. & A. M., Leon Post, No. 251, G. A. R., and of the Knights of Pythias. He has two sons — William A., Jr., born in 1S67, and Fred L., born in 1882. -»- -E^ jENJAMIN F. ROGER is one of the active farmers and enterprising citi- zens of Decatur Township, where he resides on section 6. He is a native of Missouri, born in Gentry County, the date of his birth being December 5, 1848. In 1865 he came with his parents, Jordan and Elizabeth Roger, to Decatur County, Iowa, who are still living in Decatur Township. He was united in marriage March 27, 1869, to Miss Catherine Crees, a daughter of the pioneer settler, Joseph Crecs. To Mr. and Mrs. Roger have been born six children, two sons and fourdaugters — Michael, Eliz- abeth, Mary, LeRoy, Grace and Mina. Mr. Roger was reared to agricultural pur- suits, and has always followed farming, in which he has been very successful, and is now the owner of a fine farm containing III acres of choice land, under good culti- vation. In politics Mr. Roger is identified with the Democratic part}', although in local elections he votes for the man whom he deems best fitted for the office. Both he and his wife are members of the Meth- t)dist Episcopal church South, and are among the most respected citizens of De- catur Township. ||[EORGE T. YOUNG, merchant, Leon, Iowa, is one of the pioneers of Deca- tur County, locating at Leon May 5, 1855. Judge \V. \V. Ellis and 1. N. Clarke are the only residents ol Leon wlio were there at that time. He had been a teacher in his native State, Ohio, and thinking the West offered better inducements for a young man, determined to emigrate, his ob- jective point being Southwestern Iowa, his desire being to go as far south as he could and remain in a free State When he reached Leon his funds were exhausted, and he was obliged to stop and look about for means to replenish them. Being a Mason he called on Dr. S. C. Thompson, who assisted him to obtain employment. The recorder of the county offered him his board for assistance in the office. At this time there had been no school taught in the count}', and through the influence of Dr. Thompson one was started, and Mr. Young was employed as teacher. In the fall of 1855 he was employed as clerk for Cleveland & Winn, and in 1856 was elected clerk of the courts, a position he held three terms of two years each. Before the expiration of his last term of office, in the fall of 1862, he formed a partnership, and engaged in the mercantile business at Ml. Ayr, the firm being Richards & Young, which continued until the fall of 1876. In «;*:**:«>;;c«:cc»jii»j«i;c»>i*»;:c«;»;:*;>;»;>;:<»;* >:>:>';*:*;*:*>::***'*"*>:**»:*»:>":»">">"*>V'»">"»"*»'*":*>":*:>" .♦..♦..♦;.♦;.•»:.♦..♦..♦..♦::♦;.♦;;♦;;♦;.♦;.♦;.♦;.♦:.♦;.♦:;♦:;♦::♦:;♦.:♦;;♦:;♦;;*:♦;>::♦>::♦::♦:;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::« :♦::♦: Wi :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦•;♦; >::'« :♦;;* :♦.:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: •»;:♦; :«:♦: :♦::•»; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :'«:♦: >::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::'«! :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: w:m :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'* :♦:>: MM MM MM MM MM MM :♦::♦: MM MM MM MM MM MM MM :♦::♦: MM MM MM :♦::♦: :♦;>: '♦!>:♦■*■ m-H'.MM ♦ ♦ < ♦ ♦I '♦♦. 1»* »;:♦■ »::*; »>: :♦:;♦: *♦: :•::« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: W.'fti :♦::♦: »:«: »;:♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: .*::♦: !».:«: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: »::♦: !•:»: :♦;:♦: »::♦: !»::♦: »;;♦: !»:;»: )»::« »::«: »::*: <•;:♦: '♦::* ;♦::♦: ;*:♦; ;*::♦. w.m. »::♦; !^* :»::« :*:;«: K* (»:;♦: !»:>: ;*::«: »::♦: P :♦::♦: :•:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦.♦: ,♦♦: •;♦: ♦ * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ *♦. !♦"♦; *:;♦: :♦'•»: ♦ *, ♦ ♦: ♦■*■ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦>: ♦'.:♦: ♦::♦! ♦ ♦: ♦.:♦; ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦:♦'♦♦"♦"♦"♦ ♦;♦»:.♦>:♦ » ♦»:-♦::♦. ♦ lilOGRAPlilCAL HKETCJiMH. 383 the spring of 1878 he returned to Leon, wIktc he has since lived. Mr. Voiinj; was married December 23, 1858, to Hattic A. Patterson, who was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, October 19, 1840, daughter of Robert Patterson, who settled in Leon in 1857. To them were born four children — Helen, Lulu, Willard aiid Edith. Mrs. Young died March 16, 1885. Mr. Young is a member of the Presbyterian church, anti (or ten vears was superintend- ent of the Sunday-school. He is a Knight Templar Mason. ■sta/OTJsw <>\au£>t£^S' m \V. SMITHSON, farmer and stock- Jn raiser, of Grand River Township, liv- ^^ ing on section 8, is a native of Ohio, born in Clinton County, July 24, 1850, a son of John \V. and Sarah (Ruth) Smith- son, the former being a native of Clinton County, Ohio. They reared a family of si.x children, their names being as follows — Cynthia Jane, Louisa, I. W., J. T. and T. \V. (^twinsj, and Mary Belle. When our subject was seven years of age he was taken by his parents to Randolph County, Indiana, where the family lived one year, removing thence to Wells County of the same State. Our subject passed his early life on the home farm, receiving his educa- tion in the common schools. When a boy of thirteen years and eight months, and weighing but ninety pounds, he enlisted in the Union service in Company K, Sev- enty-fifth Indiana Infantry, the date of his enlistment being March 24, 1864. He was in General Sherman's famous march to the sea, and in all the en- gagements of that n,IRAM II. II AT FIELD resides on section 20, Eden Township, and is one of the oldest settlers of Decatur County. He was born in Tennessee, in 1826. His father, Reuben Hatfield, removed with his family to Missouri in 1S38, and in 1840 they came to this county, and settled upon what is now known as the Powers farm, in Eden Townsiiip. The father died July 12, i860, agetl seventy-four years. His wife Mary (Comstock) Hatfield, died Septem- ber 15, 1871, aged eighty-oiu- years. Ihere were ten children, and all but one came to this county. August 11, 1S53, Mr. H. H. Ilatfiehl married Nancy L. Cox, who was born in Jackson County, Indiana, April 3, 1835. Her father, Alexander Cox, died when she was about eleven years old, and c ♦ >>! >>; :♦:♦! >>; ;«.«! :♦:♦' ;•;;♦; *.♦; *.:•: ■*:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦!>! :♦':♦: ;♦:♦: >:♦: >:♦: :«>; ;♦>. ♦..♦: .♦.♦. ;♦>! *:♦: *;♦: :♦.* .♦* >;:♦; :♦.;♦; :♦:♦: ** >:♦: >:♦; >::•: >>: ;♦::♦; ♦:;♦! !♦::♦: :♦;♦: ;♦.:♦; !•::•: *;♦: >:«. >>; :♦.:«( :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :•:♦: :♦:♦: :•::♦: :•"♦: ♦ ♦: :♦ ♦: :♦ ♦, >■>: :♦♦' :♦;;♦: ♦* ♦.:♦: ;♦"♦' :♦..♦. :♦* :♦.:•: :♦:« ;♦♦: ♦ '♦: <» ♦ ;♦::••!>::c«:«!sr«;♦;:♦:*:♦r♦::cc«:c♦^rcc«»"c♦^♦:>::c♦>^^CT?'^CCC<^^ :«>:»>::'»::«:;o>::«»:<»::«:c*:»>::*:»::«:«::«:>::«>:»:>:»:>:»:»::«:»!»^^^ » ♦;;♦;.♦;;♦>>.*>!>;;♦':♦■:♦>» » »;*:«:« :♦;?»: :♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :•«•;♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;■* :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:'*: :■»•:;♦; ;«:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; .%;♦: :♦::♦: ;»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::« w:m »::♦: :♦:>; :♦::« :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■»:;♦; :♦;:♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::*" :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦>; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦>: :♦::♦: :c*; »;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: *::♦: :♦:■•! :♦::♦: :♦:■♦; ;♦::«>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >";♦: ;♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; ■♦;:♦; *:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>; :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; *;;♦: :♦;:♦: *;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦"♦; :♦..♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: '^^ :♦::♦; :<:';♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;* iKf. >;,♦; >;:♦: !»;;♦: *;;♦:»: >:»::♦: »v>>:>:»y;:cc*;:*:'»:*;»i>:>;:cc*;>^^^^ 584 HIHTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. in 185 1 she came with her mother's family to this county. Her mother died February 7, 1878, at the age of seventy-nine j'ears. There were ten children, three bi)\s and seven girls. Seven are living. Mr. and Mrs. Hatfield have had ten chiUlren — Andy J., Isaac M., George W., Marietta, Sarah Abigail, Hiram L., Alfred B. and Charles A. are livmg. Hannah Jane died February 8, 1876, aged seventeen years; Herby M. died August 26, 1873, aged fifteen months. Mr. Hatfield is the oldest settler now living in Eden Township. He and his wife have been members of the Baptist church more than thirty years. Andy J. lives in Garfield County, Nebraska; Isaac M. lives in Montgomery County, Iowa; George W. is in Howard County, Nebras- ka ; Marietta, wife of Mark W. D. Mitchell, resides in Eden Township ; Sarah Abigail is the wife of John W. McNally ; the three youngest are at home. In 1849 ^^^- Hat- field went the overland route to California, driving an ox-team and being four months on the road. He engaged in mining, in which he was quite successful, and he re- turned in 1 85 1. ■•»>- #s«- -<=«• AMUEL CARLTON, farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section 5, Rich- land Township, where he owns 245 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation. He was born in Fayette County, Indiana, in 1841. His parents, James and Margaret Carlton, were natives of Ireland, and came to America in 1832, settling in Fayette County. Mr. Carlton came to Decatur County in 1859, ^"<^ settled upon his pres- ent farm. He was married in Clarke Coun- ty, Iowa, in 1867, to Eliza Tillotson, born in Vigo County, Indiana, in 1848. Their children are — Emma O., Maggie M., Nellie T. and George N. Sarah is deceased. Mr. Carlton has held the office of assessor, school director and postmaster. In 1863 he enlisted in Company H, Ninth Iowa Cav- alry, as a private, and was promoted to Sec- ond Duty Sergeant for meritorious conduct in line of duty , and served nearly three years. He was in the battle at Brownsville, Clarin- don, Searcy and Prairie, Arkansas, and served in others of less importance. Polit- ically he is a Republican. Himself and wife are members of the United Brethren church. Mr. Carlton is one of the promi- nent and influential men of the county, and socially, a gentleman. His postofifice ad- dress is Hopeville, Clarke County, Iowa. W. HEBENER, of the firm of Heb- ener & Harris, proprietors of the Leon '® Marble and Granite Works, was born in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, about two miles from Bethlehem. When a child his father removed to Northampton County,the next county north of Lehigh County, where he lived until he was sixteen years of age, when, in 1833, b)^ consent of his par- ents, he immigrated into Ohio, where he commenced learning the marble business, but soon after removed to WheeHng, West Virginia, where, in the year 1839, he was married to a young lady by the name of Nancy Agnes McNeal. From there he re- moved to Wellsbury, West Virginia, where he carried on the marble business for some time, and then removed to Mansfield, Ohio, where he again carried on his business. In the year 1849 he was called to Lexington, Kentucky, by Mahlon Pruden, the sculptor, to work for him, and do his figure work, where he finished his trade. Mr. Hebener worked the long wreath of fifteen feet on the stone that the State of Kentucky pre- sented to the Washington monument. It was worked out of magnesian limestone, the stone being seven feet long, four feet wide and eighteen inches thick. The motto ;*** :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:« :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: .^"^ :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :-*::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::« :-»::« :♦::♦: :♦::«; ;♦::« !»::« :*::♦: :♦;;♦; !♦::« :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦;•♦! ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: >::<^ »::« :♦"♦; :♦::«! :♦::♦: !»::♦: :•♦::« *;:« :«::♦: :♦;*• :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦;:♦; !»:>; :♦:>: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;*:♦: *::♦: :♦:« !»::♦: :♦:♦; :♦:;♦; »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>* :♦:>; >:* :♦:>: !♦;;♦: !♦::♦: :♦::«■; :♦:;♦: (»:;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:♦: ;♦:>; ;♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :•♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦:♦; :♦..♦: :♦;•»; >;•♦: ;♦;.♦; :♦;>: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; ::♦::♦::* :♦::♦::<•£ ♦■♦"■*♦"'♦"■♦'• '♦:.♦.*.♦..♦.♦ * ♦, :♦.♦: >.♦: >>: :♦:♦; :♦:♦: >'*'. :♦;♦: >:.♦: :*;♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;«; ;♦:;♦: >■>; >:.♦; :♦:♦: :♦;♦: :♦;♦; >>: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: >>; >'♦' >.♦: ,♦.♦: .♦.♦; :♦..♦; ;♦:•»; .♦:;♦: .♦>; :♦:*■ :♦:♦: >;«! ;♦;«! ,♦:♦. ;♦:♦: ♦>; ♦:♦; ♦:♦: :♦:♦: •:♦! :♦,:♦: .♦::«! :♦:;♦: :♦:♦; .♦:♦: ♦*■ :♦;♦; :♦:♦! ♦.:♦; ♦:♦: :♦* ♦.:♦; .♦:♦; :♦.;♦; ;•«•;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦>; ♦:♦; ♦>; .♦.♦; :♦,:* »:♦: :♦;;«! >::«! :♦:♦: :♦,:•! :♦;>: :♦:« :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:♦! :♦:« :♦:* i*::*: :♦::«> *:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« »:;« »:« »::♦: (♦♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 585 on the stone is, "Kentucky will be the last to give up the Union." When the Rebell- ion broke out he went out against John Morgan in his first raid into Kentucky, helped to drive him out of the State, but not long after General Kirby Smith came into Lexington with 26,000 of his men. and John Morgan with liim, when he had to flee, but was taken prisoner at Falmouth, Kentucky, bv the Union troops, but so(jn after was released. From there he went into Ohio, and soon after sent for his fami- ly, and in a j^lace called Port Washington he went intobusinessagain. He soon after removed to Newark. Ohio, where he lost his wife. Having no home then, he took his two minor children and went to Peters- burg, Virginia, where he was married the second lime, to Julia F. Freeman. From Petersburg he removed to Leon, Iowa, and is doing a prosperous busmess in the marble and granite line, with J. A. Harris, his part- ner. To his first marriage were born seven chiklren.of whom four survive. By the last marriage he has four children, who are all living. His two eldest children, a son and daughter, were both married during the war ; the son to Ida Alice Harris, of Buckingham Countv. \'irginia. and the daughter to H. 13. Lung, of New Albany, Indiana. ' Eastern markets. In 1871 he moved to Decatur County and bought eighty acres J of land in Grand River Township, and to this has added until he now has 300 acres, all under a high state of cultivation. I le is c.xtensivel)' engaged in raising stock, for which industry his farm is well adapted, usuall)- keeping from 100 to 200 head of j cattle. He has a good story-and-a-half house, and his farm buildings are commodi- j ous and comfortable. Mr. Fear was mar- I ried Marcii 17, 1S57, to Miss Mary Day, a native of Somersetshire, England, daughter of Augustus and Jane Day. They are the I parents of nine children — Alice, William, Louisa, Minnie. Frank, Lillic. Ella. .Susan and Robert. In politics Mr. Fear affiliates with the Republican party. lOBERT FEAR, section 14, Grand . River Township, is a native of Som- ersetshire, England, born February 8, 1837, a son of Robert and Betsey (Cox) Fear, natives of Somersetshire. He is the third of a family of seven children — Will- iam, Richard, Robert, Susan, Betsey, John and Louisa. In 1856 he left home and came to the United States, locating in Du- buque County, Iowa, where for several years he was engaged in farming, and after- ward, for about eigiit years, was in the stock busines--. l)u\iiiL;; ami shippip.ij to -^^ -^¥1- lELSON T. WILSON resides on sec- tion 29, Center Township, where he settled in 1876, purchasing his land of W. C. Jackson. The first improvements were made by Isaac Thatcher. Mr. Wil- son was born in Clarke County, Ohio, in 1832, where he was reared and educated. He married Mar}- A. Payne, a native of Madison County, Ohio, and in 1857 they removed to Louisa County, Iowa. Seven years later they removed to Jefferson County, where they remained three years, then returned to Louisa County and lived there until they came to Decatur County. Mr. Wilson's parents were Joseph and Mary Ann (Jones) Wilson, the former born in New York and the latter in Maryland. The mother died in Clarke County, and the father came to Iowa in 1863, and made his home with his children. He died in Louisi County in 1868. Mrs. Wilson's parents were .Aniasa and Sarah (Greene) Payne. Her father was born in Williams- ton, Massachusetts, and her mother in East Windsor, Coiini'ctiL ul. Thev removed .« ♦. :♦>: »! >>: :♦:♦, >» :♦:♦: :*:♦: !•'>: :♦'•♦! >'♦; >.;♦: ;♦:;♦; [♦:«i :♦:;* :«::«: >::«! :♦::♦! :♦:>: »; :♦::«! trA ;♦"♦: :♦;;«> »: >::«; :♦:« >;:< :♦.♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:* :♦>: :♦::«! :♦:;«! »: :♦::«» >:>: :■•::♦: :♦::♦; »; ;♦:«! :♦:♦! ;*:♦; :♦>: :♦::* >::«': :♦::«! :♦:* :♦:;•( :♦:;«( :♦;:* !•:;♦: >::♦: >.:«« :♦::«! :♦:;«) :♦:;♦: !•::«! >:>! !»::« .*:;«; !♦.:«! »;:•! :«:»: :♦:* !»::« »-« »':«( :♦:;♦; !•:«! ;♦•♦! :♦:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:.♦: :♦:>; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:»: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■f/m :■•>':♦; :♦:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦;* !»::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:.>: :♦::♦: :«"♦: .*;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: >:■»: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: ■♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦; »:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;*.:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >:;♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦;;■♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>; ;♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::*: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: mv. :»:>:>:»:;c«;:*::*:»:>>;:«;:*>;>;:*:*:*:>;:c*:>:>::*;:*;:*>:»:>>L*:>:>:»:^ ;♦:>: 586 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. :c*: :♦:>■ from Vergennes, Vermont, to Ohio, in 1812, and in 18 14 settled in Madison Coun- ty. Later in life they lived with Mr. and Mrs. Wilson. The father died in Darke Count}', in 1856, and the mother in Louisa County, Iowa, in 1861. Mr. and Mrs. Wil- son have five children — Emma, wife of John Moffett; Eugene O., Lil)' May, Olive P. and Albin G. Mrs. Wilson's pa- ternal grandfather fought in the French and Indian war under General Putnam, and an uncle was killed at the battle of Bennington. The ancestors of both Mr. and Mrs. Wilson dale back to the earl}' history of our country. Mr. Wilson's pa- ternal great-grandparents were Henry and (ThomasjWilson.and hisgrandparents were Junia and Sally (Chapin) Wilson. Mrs. Wilson's great-grandfather was Abram Payne, and her grandfather was Samuel Payne. Her great-uncle, Abram Payne, fought under General Wolfe at the battle of Quebec. tON. H. BOYDSTON, editor and proprietor of the Democrat-Reporter, \ the Democratic organ oi Decatur County, is a son of David John and Re- becca (Jerrard) Bo3'dston, natives of Penn- sylvania and Virginia respectively. He was born at Mount Morris, Greene County, Pennsylvania, April 13, 1840. His father removed with his family to the Hawkej'e State in 1854, stopping one year at Oska- loosa. The following 3-ear the family re- moved to Knoxville. When seventeen years old, Lon. commenced learning the printer's trade in the office of the Iowa Voter, at Knoxville. He served the usual three years o( apprenticeship in that office, and j has been engaged in journalism ever since. He worked at Fairmont, Nebraska, in Mon- tezuma, Casey, Oskaloosa, Moulton, and then in Montezuma again. In 1877 he es- tablished the Poweslieik County Democrat, :*;:*:»:»::c«:r«c^^ and remained in charge of that paper for seven years, and in August, 1884, came to Leon and purchased the Democrat-Reporter, which he has since conducted. He is a journalist of varied and long experience, and well fitted to manage a paper of the standing of the Democrat-Reporter. Mr. Boydston was married October 31, 1872, to Mary E. McCormick, of Montezuma, Iowa. The children born to this union are named Leo, Eva, May, Walter and Estella. Mr. Boydston is a member of all three branches of the Odd Fellows order, of the United Workmen, and of the Legion of Honor. He is in politics a Democrat, but is a strong Prohibitionist. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal church. •-j>s^««-js»^a<^itf-»«^vc^ fAMES F. PENNIWELL is a repre- sentative of one of the pioneer families of Decatur County. His father, Solo- mon Penniwell, settled one mile southwest of Decatur City in March, 1856. He was a native of Delaware, born in August, 1810. His father immigrated to Ohio when Solo- mon was a child, and settled in Pickaway County, where Solomon grew to manhood, and where he married Catherine Gant, a na- tive of Virginia, who removed with her father's family to Ohio when she was quite young. In 1839 Solomon moved his family to Kosciusko County, Indiana, where they remained one year, then moved to Fa3'atte County, Ohio. In the fall of 1855 they came to Iowa, stopping one winter in Washington County, thence to Decatur Count}'. There were no railroads here then, and the family came all the way by wagon, bringing their household goods with them. They occupied a rented farm one year, then settled upon a farm of wild land in Center Township. They lived upon this farm several years, then removed to Leon, where they remained until the death :♦;:♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: [♦:;♦: :♦::♦: *:>: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: m. >;:♦: :♦;;♦: >;:♦: ;♦::♦: :*:;♦: :♦::♦: W- ;«::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: >:>: >::♦: ** :♦:* :♦::♦; ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: .♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; ■♦::♦: :♦::♦; *:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; >;;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; >;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:•»: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: m ;♦::♦; :♦"♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;'♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦; >:>: !♦:>: ;♦;.♦; >;;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >;;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; m >::♦; :♦:;♦! :♦:>•: >::♦; >"*:♦::♦; :♦-♦-:♦::♦: :XiSSSS^ :♦;:♦: :♦:'♦: :•:>: ,♦:♦. :«::•: :♦;* :♦'* !»■* :♦'* :♦:>: *♦' :♦:;♦; :♦:.♦; :♦;* !»:*: :♦■;♦; :♦;'♦: :♦:♦: »! >:.♦: ;♦:♦; :♦:♦: '•:♦. :♦;♦: .♦:♦; :♦:♦: »: :•::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *■♦; .■»!♦■ ■♦"♦■ :♦♦: ;♦ *' :♦;♦: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦■;♦: ••:.•: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:* ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::*: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦:«; :♦'♦: ;♦:* '♦!'♦; :♦: ♦: »: ;♦'♦; :♦>; ;♦;:♦; !•)♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: !♦:♦: :♦:,♦; !*♦: :♦':♦: >'♦: :♦:♦; !♦:♦: ■♦;♦: :♦'. ♦: *♦: :♦.♦: >:♦; > ♦; ;• ♦; ♦ ♦: !♦, ♦; I* *: '♦>: ♦ ' *'. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 887 of the father, which occurred January 4, 1881. His wife, Catherine Penniwell, died August 19, 1877. There were ten cluldrcn, four sons and six daughters. Four died in infancy ; Willis died at the age of nine years, and Mary at the age of eighteen. The surviving members are — James F., Samuel C, Mrs. Sarah J. Bridges, of Washington Territory, and Mrs. liebecca C. Lorey, of Leon. Our subject was born in Ohio in 1835. He learned the carpen- ter's trade, and has long been one of the prominent carpenters and builders of this county. His wife, formerly Miss Barbara Wadsworth, daughter of John C. Wads- worth, was born in Ohio, in 1840, and came to this county with her parents in 1855. This union has been blessed with seven children — John E., Kate, Virgil F., Jennie, Mamie, James and Georgie. Mr. Penni- well is a Democrat. «^aufi/t£~iS'~^H «S^3<37V»« fAMES W. GILLEN. of Lamoni, is a native of County Derry, Ireland, born March 18, 1836, and is of Scotch and Irish ancestrv. When he was six montiisold his father, Edward Gillen. died, leaving his widow with five small children, four sons and one daughter. In the spring of 1841 she immigrated ti) Canada with her famil}- and lived at Montreal till her death, in 1845, at the age of forty-five years. She was provided with means to keep the children together until they were able to care for themselves. At the ago of twelve years James W., our subject, began learning the nail-maker's trade which he followed two years, after which he was emjiloyed in the foundry of John .Molsom & Co., for eight- een months. He then worked at the nail- maker's trade near Quebec for two years during which time he learned paper-manu- facturing. In the summer ol 1853 he hiretl out asa farm laborer, attending school in the winters of 1853, '54 and '55, in Esse.v Coun- ty, New York. In 1856 he attended an institute at Fort Efiward, New York, for six months, and from there came West to Boone County, Illinois, where he passed his examination before Judge Fuller, the county superintendent of schools, who granted him a teacher's certificate. He taught school for two years, and in 1858 removed to Harrison County, Iowa, where he purchased 276 acres of land. In 1859 he entered the employ of the Hannibal & St. Joe Railroad, at St. Joseph, Missouri, as shipping and receiving clerk. The next year, on the opening of the Platte C■ :♦>; :♦> :♦.♦. .*.♦: !♦:♦: .♦.♦: > >: .♦:.♦: >::«: :♦::*: :♦;:♦: •♦>• :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦:♦: .*"♦: :♦"♦: >"♦" >"♦■ >;:♦" :♦"♦: ;♦::«': :♦;:♦: >;*! :♦■■•»■ ;«♦ ♦>■ -♦ ♦' :♦>: >■ ♦: :♦"♦: :•"♦: :*'•: :♦:♦: :«* :♦'♦' :♦:♦' :♦"♦: ♦ ;*■ >:♦' :♦♦: :♦:'♦: <•♦ « *' ♦ '♦ » ♦ •> ♦ ♦ .♦, ,♦:« :♦:.♦: '♦::♦: ♦ ♦" ♦ ,♦: ** .♦* :♦.:♦: J? >* >,♦; ;♦:♦! ;♦* .♦:♦) :•'*; ,♦;♦: ♦ ♦; « • • ♦ * :♦.,♦,♦. !»:: W. :♦: :♦:: '»;: :♦;: ♦: :♦: :♦:: »: w: w. :♦:: ;♦:: :* V.'t :■»•:;< :<>;: :♦:: ■«•: '»:: »;: :♦;: :»•: :♦:; *: •»;; :«:: :«: *: !»; v: :♦: :*: :♦; :♦:: !♦; :♦;: !»: :♦:: '*;: :« !*;: i»: <»: :♦; »:, :♦; :♦: ;♦; !»:; :♦; *r ;♦: K [«: :*: :■»: :♦: !»: !♦: :♦; :•<>; :♦: y :«•: ■■>: '»: ;■»" !♦; :♦; ;♦;; :♦; :♦; :♦; :♦; ;♦': w. :■♦; '*; !■»;: !»: 588 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. cause in Oregon. In 1872 he returned to California for his family, and moved with them by wagon to Bozeman, Montana, where he bought a farm, and followed farming during the week, and preached on the Sabbath. At this time he was Territo- rial lecturer for the Good Templars, and for his services as such received $100 per month. He came with his family to De- catur County, Iowa, June 30, 1876, when he purchased 120 acres of improved land on section 10, Fayette Township, where his family lived until March, 1886. January, 1879, Mr. Gillen was appointed missionary to Australia, remaining in that field three years, reaching his home June 7, 1882, since which he has remained with his fam- ily, preaching on Sabbath days. He re- moved to Lamoni in March, 1886, and the following summer built a fine residence which is now occupied by his family. S. MILLER is a native of Iowa, born in Wapello County, September 29, 1843, a son of John and Sophia (Walworth) Miller, natives of Pennsylva- nia, who came to Iowa in 1840, and laid a claim in Wapello County, before the red man had yielded his possession. In 1854, they moved to Decatur County, and bought 200 acres of land in Center Town- ship, where the father died in 1874. H. S. Miller accompanied his parents to Decatur County, making their house his home un- til the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, when he enlisted in the defense of his country, and was assigned to Com- pany D, Fourth Iowa Infantry, and served three years. He participated in many se- vere battles, among others being the en- gagements at Vicksburg, Chattanooga and Atlanta. He accompanied Sherman on his march to the sea, wiiere he experi- enced many severe hardships. He went through the war and returned home un- injured, but had some narrow escapes, one being at Chickasaw Bayou, where he had his blouse and canteen torn from him by a piece of shell. He was mustered out at Goldsboro, North Carolina, March 30, 1865. After his return home he bought 108 acres of land in Center Township, which he worked a few years, and then exchanged it for a farm near Leon, where he lived until 1884, when he moved to Franklin Township, buying the farm of 170 acres where he now lives, which is all under cultivation. Mr. Miller is one of the most successful stock-raisers in the county, dealing onlv in the best grades. He was married in 1870, to Miss Martha Rosengrant, who died m 1883, leaving four children — Ella, Cora, Myrta and Frank. In 1885 Mr. Miller married Miss Jane Tharp, daughter of Thomas and Charity Tharp. Mr. Miller is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Grand River Lodge, No. 78, at Leon. He is a represent- ative and influential citizen of the county, and is always foremost in advancing any enterprise of public benefit. -K*>- ** ,ENRY A. STEBBINS, of Lamoni, is a native of Ohio, born in Lucas Coun- ty, January 28, 1844, a son of Charles and Julia E. (Pease) Stebbins, the father a native of Massachusetts, and the mother born in Connecticut, a daughter of Chan- dler Pease, a soldier of the war of 1812, who died September 22, 1837. The par- ents of our subject were married in Ohio, where both were reared, and to them were born five sons and one daughter — Henry A., our subject; Charles M., a man of wealth, who has spent the past five years traveling in Europe ; George I. died at Denver, in 1877; Homer P., living at Atchison, Kan- sas ; William R., a general banker of New :*;^; :«,:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:«•: ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦;;« :♦::♦; .*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: >:>: :♦;:♦: :**; ;♦:;♦; .*;:♦: »;:«; ■»::♦; :♦;:•« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•«>; V.'ft. :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::«•; :♦;;♦: ;♦::«■; :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•♦: »;:♦: *::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:.*: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :<♦: :♦::«': :♦:.'»: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: W. :♦:•«•: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ■♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:,♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:•; :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: .♦* ♦:♦: «>; .♦;♦! ♦ :♦. * ♦; **i .♦A ;♦» :♦;.♦! ;♦::♦; »:>: !•.;♦: :♦:♦; !♦:*" !•::♦; :♦::«! !»::♦: !»:;♦: :♦::«; !»:;♦: *:♦: ;♦:* !»:*■ !»::♦; )»:»: !»:>: !»:;♦: !*::♦: »::♦: :♦::«! i w:«i ■»;>: W.M W.M WM !»::♦: !»:;«! 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He accordingly came to Leon, and soon after located at Bloomfield, where lie died, in 1866. After his death the mother re- moved to Leon, and after her daughter's marriage, to Nebraska, where she remained until her death. Dr. Layton and wife have one son — Raymond G., born in 1880. fOHN W. RUSSELL, hardware mer- chant of Garden Grove, Iowa, was born in Peoria, Illinois, in November, 1841. His father, William Russell, was born in Branford, Connecticut, in 1797, and died in 1864, aged sixty-six years and six months. His mother, Susan Black Russell, was born in Elmira, New York, and is still living, aged sixty-four years. Mr. Russell traces his ancestry back to five brothers who came over from Eng- land and settled in Massachusetts and Con- necticut. From these sprung a large number of the Russells of Massachusetts and Connecticut of to-day. His great- grandfather was a noted minister of the Congregational church, and was one of the committee that founded Yale College. Mr. Russell's parents had two children — Mar)- Jennette and the subject of this sketch. John was the oldest, and was reared on a farm, where he remained until eighteen years of age, at which time he commenced to clerk in a hardware store for Moses PettcngiU. He remained with him tiiree or four 3ears, then clerked for Walker & McUvaine. He afterward clerked in a grocery store for a while, then took a trip to California, via Cape Horn. He settled in Garden Grove in 1872. Mr. Russell owns 525 acies of land in Garden Grove Township in a good state of culti- vation. It is mostl}' in grass and devoted to grazing cattle. He also owns a two- acre lot where he resides, and owns a third interest in twelve lots in Garden Grove, also citv property m Peoria. He owns an elevator at the depot in Garden Grove with a large warehouse. He deals very extensively in (arm and agricultural implements, keeping on hand about $3,000 worth of stock, and about $1,400 worth of hardware, and is commanding a large trade. Starting in life with almost noth- ing he has acquired a large propert)-. He was married in Brooklyn, New York, in 1864, to Harriet L. Soule, who was born in Maine, in 1844, and died in 1865. They had one child. Bradley Russell, who died in infancy. He married his second wife, Mar}' F. Gaunt, in El Paso, Illinois. She was a daughter of John D. and Ju- dith (Major) Gaunt, natives of Ken- tuck}'. Their children are — William G., Laura, Jennette, George S. and Bessie G. Mr. Russell was a member of the Masonic fraternity. Lodge 15, Peoria, also of Tem- ple Lodge, No. 170, Garden Grove. He and his wile are members of the Presbyte- rian church. Politically he is a Demo- crat. ■""^ «»-G>-»- ?^^l L. CRAIG, engaged in general farm- 1^1 ing and stock-raising, on section 25, ■^^t® Burrell Township, and an enterpris- ing and public-spirited citizen of Decatur County, where he has lived for twenty- eight )'ears, was born in Jackson County, Ohio, September 3, 1853. He is the eldest child of W. F. and Roxcena (Patterson) Craig, of whom the mother is deceased, her death occurring in 1882. The father is now a resident of Davis Cit3-,'this county. They were the parents of nine children, whose names are as follows — Samuel L.. >.>::«:;4;:*"<«>>>::c*:>::ccc<»::'»:>"cc«"C«"<«"«:>>>>>>>>>>::c<>::«;>^ :•*:« :♦:>; :*:♦, :♦::♦: ;♦"♦' :♦::■» :♦::•»; :♦:>: *;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; .*:;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: >:;♦: ;♦!>: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; m >:>; :♦::♦: :♦;>; '*;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦.:♦; ;♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;•»■: :♦;;♦; >::♦: ;♦;;♦: *;•• ;♦:;♦; ;»;* ;♦;;♦; .♦;;♦; ;^;;«: :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦: !»::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:>; :♦::♦: ;♦:••: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::*; ;♦::♦: [♦::::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: >::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: ;«:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; *:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::•': *;♦:* *;♦;:♦; .♦;:*: :«:>: >::«': :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦"* :♦:;♦: :♦!* >!:*: :«;':•: :♦.:♦: :♦;>: :«"*; :♦:>: ' ^ :*:♦: • ♦: '•■ ♦: ♦ .♦] :♦.:♦: >::♦: :♦:>: >::«! « * ♦ 4 "> ♦ *.♦ ,♦.♦ ♦ ;♦. < ♦ » ♦ ♦ ,♦ ♦ :«' ♦ ;♦. :♦;♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦! ♦ ♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦:>: >,;•: ;♦..♦. ;♦.:♦: :♦.:♦; ;♦:;♦: !♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦. ;♦.* :♦,;♦; >.:♦: :♦.:♦; :♦:>; ;♦..♦: ;♦;♦; >* ;♦..♦: :♦.:♦; :♦.:♦: *'*, ♦ ♦; .♦.:♦: :♦;■♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦.♦: ;♦♦: :♦ .♦; :♦.♦; ♦:.♦: ;*♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ■»:»: :♦:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦'♦; ♦ * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ ♦.♦. BIOGRA PI lie A L SKE TCHES. .191 Daniel Thurman, Youdora, Orlena Jane, William W., Lee Roy, Nora Zcll, A. Grant and Mary T. When our subject was four years old his parents removed from Ohio to Iowa, coming down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to St. Louis, and and from there with ox-teams to Davis City, locating on land which the father now owns. Here Samuel L. Craig was reared, his vouth being spent in assisting with the work of the farm, and his education re- ceived at the schools of Davis City. De- cember 27, 1874, he was married to Miss Harriet Hamilton, who was born in Schuy- ler County, Missouri, August 26, i860, a daughter of William A. Hamilton. They are the parents of one son and one daugh- ter — William F. and Nettie R. Mr. Craig located on his present farm in April, 1875, where he has 200 acres of choice land, well improved and well cultivated, a good residence, surrounded by shade and orna- mental trees, and commodious barn and other farm buildings, and is classed among the prosperous young far ners of the county, and by his honorable dealings and genial disposition he has made many friends. In his political views Mr. Craig is a Republican. -^»!^5^^f«5*-^- ?A. DENHAM, attorney and farmer, resides on section 8, Richland Town- * ship. He was born m Indiana in 1828, son of John and Nancy (Davis) Den- ham, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of North Carolina. Mr. Dcnham was reared on a farm, and came to Decatur County and entered land in 1853. He set- tled in Clarke County, where he remained until 1865, then settled in Decatur County. He was married in Logan County, Illinois, in 1854, to Angeline Bushnell, born in Wayne County, New York, m 1830. Their children are — Ida, Rosalie, Minnie, Ruth 41 ♦■♦♦♦"♦"'♦'■♦"♦■■♦"♦"♦'♦'♦";♦;♦;♦;♦;.♦,♦.♦,.♦,♦,♦.♦,.•.♦•-♦• »♦•»»»»• ♦ ♦.♦..♦:.•.:♦-♦:♦..♦.♦.:♦♦♦:.♦:♦:.♦,■.•:>;;♦.;♦.*.♦-♦;♦:.♦..♦■•.■♦.♦.♦■.♦.■♦•■♦■♦•♦♦••♦ D., Jennie B. and John A. Mr. Denham enlisted in the late war, in 1861, in Compa- ny K, Second Nebraska Cavalry, and served one year. I le was in the battle of White Stone Hill, and several others of less note. He has been admitted to the bar, and is a lawyer of more than ordinary ability. He has held the office of justice of the peace two years. He is a member of Lodge 464, I. O. O. P., Grand River, and also of the Grand Army of the Republic. He owns 140 acres of excellent land. Postof- ficc, Westerville. ISAAC MONROE, section 34, Bloom- ington Township, is a native of Wyo- -^ ming Territory. He was born in an ox-wagon, on the plains, when his parents with other Mormon immigrants were en route to Utah, the date of his birth being October 15, 1855. His parents were James and Charlotte (Bell) Monroe, his father a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and his mother of England of Scotch parentage. They were married in the old country, and in 1855 becoming converts to the Mormon faith came to America, and started for the far West. They lived in San Pete County, Utah, until 1868, when they moved to Cal- ifornia, and lived in San Benito County, California, six months, and then in Santa Clara County, six years. While in this county they united with the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, of which they are now members. From there they went to Monterey Count)', where the father died, in May. 1879. The mother now lives with our subject. They had a family of seven children — James, William, Catharine, Joseph, Isaac, Char- lotte and Hannah. After attaining his majority Isaac Monroe engaged in sheep- raising until May, 1883, when he came to Iowa, and in 1884, locatetl in Decatur • ♦ :♦;:♦::♦»::♦:;♦"♦:'♦■>"♦■»"♦:■♦"♦"■*" ♦ ♦, • '♦■ ;♦:♦: >;♦! >:♦; >>: m ;♦.:♦: :♦:♦; >:• > *, :♦:♦: >■>! :♦'♦; ;♦>: 'It'.*. >::»: '♦,♦. ;♦.;♦; *.♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :«;:«': :♦::♦: >>: >>; ;♦.:♦: :♦.♦; »; >:;♦: ;♦;♦: :♦»! >:♦: ■»:♦' ♦ .♦: ♦:♦: *'*. '■> » :♦* '■» ♦: .♦ .>. ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ > ♦; ;♦ ♦: :♦:♦: :♦* '♦♦' 4 ♦ t ♦. ♦ .♦: ♦ :♦; :♦ * :♦:♦: :♦♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦ .♦:♦. ■» ♦ 4 ♦ « * * ♦ • *. ,♦♦: ♦ >■ « « • ♦ ♦ ♦ • * »::♦::♦: :♦::♦:>;; :♦;>; :♦::* !»:;♦• :♦"« >::♦; [♦:;♦; :♦::*•: *>; :♦;>; >:>; :»::«! :♦:>; :♦::•«! :♦:»; :♦:>; :♦;:•»; :«■:;«! ■♦',* :♦::«•: :♦:« »•::•« :♦::«! >::«a :♦;« :♦::♦: :«-::; :♦::♦; .*::♦: :♦::« *::♦; •»::•« »:;•« »■;:♦; :♦::« :♦:*; »;:■« »::« w:m ;^-- ij !»::« :♦;:« :♦;:♦; :♦::»; ;♦::♦; •♦.:-«i :♦:;♦; ;♦::« ;♦;:« :♦::•« :♦::* :♦;:•*! :♦::«! :♦;:•« !«:'«!' :♦;;♦; !»::♦: !»:;« :♦::« ;♦::« <»::♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦::'«! :♦::« !»:.^ :♦;:♦) :♦::♦: :♦::•« :♦:*■ »::«5 :♦;:♦: :♦::* :«:.^: »::♦: :♦::♦;:«»? 592 HISTOR2' OF DECATUR COVNTT. County, and bought the farm where he now lives, which is one of the best in Bloomington Township. It is located two miles north of Lamoni, and contains i6o acres of land under a high state of cultiva- tion. His residence is a large cottage house, built in modern style, and his other farm buildings are commodious and comfortable. Mr. Monroe is devoting his attention to stock-raising, and is one of the most suc- cessful in the county. He was married January 3, 1886, to Miss Anna Bucking- ham, a lady of refinement and culture, daughter of John Buckingham, late of La- moni. c-a- fOHN STONE, deceased, was born in Putnam County, Indiana, August 25, 1836, and was a son of James and Mary (Burcham) Stone, who were married in the year 1827. When he was quite oung his mother died, and in 1847 his father was married to Miss Emily Robin- son. He was in his fifteenth 3'ear when his father settled on section 11, of Decatur Township, and there he grew to manhood. He was united in marriage October 25, 1866, to Miss Margaret Smith, who was born in Beaver County, Penns3'lvania, September 20, 1839, a daughter of Robert and Nancy Smith. In 1855 her parents set- tled in Bloomington Township, Decatur County, where her father died, in August, 1874. aged si.xty-nine years. Her mother is still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Stone were born six children — Etta M., born Septem- ber 12, 1867; Mary F., born July 14, 1869; George R., born September 7, 1872; Rue B., born August 18, 1874; John O., born March 27, 1877; and Margaret M., born December 27, 1879. '^^''- Stone was pre- viousl}' married to Jane Piercy, who died in 1865, leaving two children — James Will- iam, born July 27, 1861, and Andrew Mon- roe, born March 7, 1865. After his marriage Mr.Stone settled near his father's home, buy- ing 200 acres of his fine property from his father. He was one of the most energetic, practical men of Decatur Township, and by his industry and good management he added to his real estate till his farm now contains about 940 acres. His death, which occurred August 2, 1885, caused universal regret in the township in which he had re- sided for so many years. He was a kind and affectionate husband and father, a good neighbor and an excellent citizen, and by his honorable and upright dealings gained the confidence of all who knew him. He held several school offices in the town- ship. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Decatur Lodge, No. 109. Mrs. Stone's parents had six children, as follows — Mrs. Sarah Jones, Mrs. Mary A. Crevelling, and Mrs. Stone, living in Decatur County ; William, in Henry County, and Mrs. Jane M. Bouse and Mrs. Agnes Dick living in Indiana. W. SHEWMAKER, an active and enterprising citizen of Grand River * Township, residing on section 3, was born in Jackson County, Indiana, March 28, 1842, a son of Leonard and Susan (Mc- Neil) Shewmaker, who were both natives of Knox County, Kentucky, the father be- ing a son of James Shewmaker, one of the earliest pioneers of that county, and a grandson of Leonard Shewmaker, who served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Our subject was the second of a fam- ily of six children, their names being as follows — Josiah, George W., Thomas, Dan- iel, Elizabeth and Nanc}'. His early life was passed on a farm, and his education was obtained in the district schools. June 9, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Twen ty-second Indiana Infantrv, and participated in the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga, ^♦..♦..♦..♦„»„«...*>>.»>..*_»>.««.>>>>..ccc«*>>>^^^ >;;♦;>:■■ > ;♦::■•■ >:.-.■ :♦:> ;♦;:< :♦::< :♦::*: >::♦; >:>: ;♦..'• •. ;♦':: >::'■ :♦:;♦: >:> ;*':^; !»:v ;♦::•»; :♦::♦; >:*■ >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: »::♦: :♦::♦! :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«;:♦: :«•::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«•; >:>: :♦;;♦: :♦!>: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦; »x* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »: :♦::« :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::■»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »;;♦: :♦::♦: ;«:;♦: !•>;>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; >:>: !»::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: [♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :«:♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«! :«':>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; .<»::«: :♦:>: ::♦;:♦;;« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. SOS ;♦:♦: »:.«': »:♦: !»::♦: :♦:♦: *:♦: !»>: !♦;;♦; :♦:*" !»::«-: !♦:« SJ JJ •»>: :♦',♦) *'♦; •»:♦; *>: ♦ »: * <'. :♦;.*; ■*:,♦; :♦::»: !»::♦; »:♦: ■»::♦: *>: <»::♦: :♦;:♦: !»::«! !»::♦; »;:♦: !♦::♦; »::♦: »;:♦: :♦:;♦: (»•;:♦: <»:;♦: :♦-♦: !^* :♦>: f»>: »:;♦: :♦;;♦: *:* *>: *:♦: »: !»:♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦:♦; !♦:♦; »:;♦: :♦>; >»::♦: !♦::♦! :♦:'♦■; »; i»r«i 5»::*: >::«! »:♦: !♦>; <»:♦: ♦.♦: »:•: !»;:♦! :♦;« ?* !»;♦; !•::»: .«"«! :♦:«! S^ :♦:!•! >::♦: :•♦:* !•:♦; ;♦>; .♦:♦; Mission Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, Mari- etta, Ringjjold Station, Rocky Face Ridge, Rcsaca, capture of Rome, Georgia, and in otiier engagements of minor importance. He was taken prisoner at I'eacii Tree Creek, having been wounded by minie balls through the left arm, and his comrades, supposing him to have been killed, sent word to his family that he had died on the battle-field. He was kept in Atlanta dur- ing the shelling and bombardment of that place, and later was imprisoned at the rebel hospital at Fort Smith, Gecjrgia, for \.\Ko weeks. From there he was taken to Andersonville prison, where he made an attempt to escape by bribing the guard, but on account of other prisoners making an attempt to escape, the guard was not on hand. He was a witness to most of those events mentioned by McElroy in his history of Andersonville. Our subject was among the last of those to leave that noted rebel prison, from which he was conve3-ed by railway to Albany, Georgia, from which place he marched to Thomasville, a dis- tance of sixty miles. He then went by railroad to Baldwin Station, within twenty miles of Jacksonville, Florida, where he was released. He was then bare-headed, bare-footed and nearly naked, and reduced in weight to ninety pounds. After remaining two weeks in Jacksonville to recuperate he took steamer for Annapolis, Maryland, and two weeks later he went to Col- umbus, Ohio. He was honorably dis- charged at Camp Chase, Ohio, June i6, 1865, when he returned to his home in Jackson County, where he was welcomed by his family who had long supposed him dead. In October, 1865, he came West, and spent the winter at Marysville, Mis- souri, attending the high school at that place. In the spring of 1866 he came to Decatur County, where he bought forty acres of wild land. He returned to Jackson County the same year where he remained until 1870. March 28, 1869, he married Miss Emma H. Bard, who was born in Philadeljihia, I'eimsylvania, May 13, 1S50, a daughter of Joel and Maria (Shultz) Bard, natives of New Jersey. They are the parents of five children — Leonard B., Elba Logan, James Elwood, Thomas Edi- son and Rolla Neil. In November, 1870, Mr. Shewmaker settled on his present farm in Grand River Township, Decatur Coun- t)-, and to his original purchase of forty acres he has added till his farm now con- tains 234 acres of land, which he has brought under good cultivation. He has a fine orchard containing 150 trees and small fruits, and a comfortable and com- modious residence, and good out-buildings for the accommodation of his stock, and is meeting with good success in his farming and stock-raising. In politics Mr. Shew- maker is a Republican. He has served as justice of the peace four years, three years as county supervisor, besides holding the offices of township assessor and treasurer, and being a member of the School Board. He is a member of Leon Post, G. A. R. ••H°- ->-<^*|g»-»- -c*<* E. GRAHAM, general farmer and stock-raiser, residing on section 18. i* Hamilton Township, was born in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, July 5, 1846, a son of Theodore and Lethia (Tucker) Gra- ham, the father b^;>;>;>>;;*;»;;*;>;:*;;«;;*;;«;«;;*>;;c*;*;>;»^^^ >:>: >::♦: :«•:♦: :♦"♦; ?m >;>; :♦::♦. >:>: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: »: >"♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :«:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: I :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: »>:«■: :♦;:♦; \ :♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; »>: ' :♦::♦: >:;♦: >::♦: »::♦: »;:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: »:;♦: :♦:>: ;♦"«: ;♦"♦: :■»:;♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:*: .%:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: »::♦: • :♦::♦; :♦>: ;«;:«': *♦; ^. 594 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. Lucinda, deceased, wife of Thomas Teale, of Davis City ; Dora, deceased, wife of Robert Turner, living near Lamoni ; Viola, wife of E. Lamphere, of Mitchell County, Kansas; Benjamin, resides one mile north of Lamoni ; Martha, wife of Warren Little, lives six miles south of La- moni. George E. Graham, our subject, was reared on a farm and educated in the com- mon schools of Jo Daviess Countv. He was a soldier in the late war, enlisting in February, 1864, in Company B, Forty -fifth Illinois Infantry, and was in the engage- ments of the Atlanta campaign, and was with Sherman on his famous march to the sea, and was at the grand review at Washington. He was honorably dis- charged at Louisville, Kentucky, being mustered out at Chicago, Illinois. In 1865 his father removed with his family to De- catur County, Iowa, locating on the land where our subject now resides. He first owned a half-interest in the farm, and in 1878 bought his father's interest, the latter then going to Mitchell County, Kansas, where he died in 1882. The mother died in this county in 1875. G. E. Graham was married November 29, 1868, to Miss Ellen Newton, who was born in Ohio, but reared in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, she being a daughter of Nathan and Margaret (Lynch) Newton. They have a family of eight children — Jenny Alice, Charles Ezra, Na- than Grant, Eddy Ellsworth, Robert Arthur, George Franklin, Ephraim, and Edith Estella. Mr. Graham has one of the best farms in his neighborhood, consisting of 115 acres of rich bottom land, twenty acres being in Hamilton and ninety acres in New Buda Township. His residence is comfortable and convenient, and is sur- rounded by shade and ornamental trees, and his barn and out-buildings are notice- ably good. In politics Mr. Graham is a Republican. He has held the office of township trustee for one term — three years — and has also served as a member of the School Board. He is a member of the Grand Army Post, No. 306, of Davis City. He is one of the representative men of Hamilton Township, and by his fair and honorable dealings he has won the respect of all who know him. i^PHRAIM FERGUSON, one of Fay- Vpl ette Township's best agriculturists, "^i and an active and enterprising citi- zen, was born in Chenango County, New York, April 2, 1824, the youngest child of Henry and Sarah Ferguson, who were born and reared in the State of Vermont. He was reared on a farm in Broome Coun- ty, New York, remaining with his parents till their death, the father dying July 12, 1847, ^t the advanced age of eighty years, and the mother March 12, 1851, aged sev- enty-three 3ears. The year following his mother's death, our subject went to Cali- fornia via the Panama route, and for four- teen years followed farming and mining, principally mining, in that State. He re- turned to Broome County, New York, where he was married, July 18, 1868, to Miss Harriet Fuller, who was born in New York, September 20, 1843, ^ daughter of Alvin Fuller. They have one son — Herbert, born in Broome Count}-, October 12, 1869. After his marriage Mr. Fergu- son settled on a farm in Broome County, where he lived till he came to Decatur County, Iowa, June 30, 1870. Here he bought 160 acres of land located in Fa3'ette Township, eighty acres being on section 2 where he resides, and the rest of his land on section 11. But one acre of this land had been broken, and a small house erected when Mr. Ferguson took possession. He has now his land under fine cultivation, and erected good residence and farm buildings, which are protected by a fine >:>::c<»::c«:i^::'K>::c«::«:»::«"c<»::cc«:>"cccC'»::C'»:;«:cc«::cc«^ >::♦.:♦. :♦:>: :♦"♦: »::♦: :♦::« >::♦: :♦::< :♦::♦; :♦>: :«"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :<>:♦: >,:♦; ;♦::♦; ♦::♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«£ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: >:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: *?? ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: !•:;♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:<«': :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦ . :♦:.♦; :♦>: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: :♦.:*: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:>; :♦::♦: ;♦;:•: •»:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::•: :♦::♦: '♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !♦)♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;*: ;♦;♦: :♦::♦: «;♦: ■»:♦; ;♦:♦; :♦:;♦; •«•,♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :*:♦: >::*: ■»::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:!♦: :♦::•: :♦:>: ;♦"♦; !♦::♦; :♦;>; m :♦:♦: :♦)♦: :♦::♦; ■»:>: ;♦'♦" >;;♦; :♦"♦: >:.♦: •»:♦: '♦:♦; •»;♦: >:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;.♦: !♦:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;♦: ;♦:>: ;♦:;♦: :♦:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦;:♦: m :♦:>: :♦;>; >::♦: i !♦:>: !♦;.♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: >;:♦; >;♦; :♦;>: :♦:>: :♦;♦: !♦"♦: :♦:'♦: i^* h* $^ > ♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 595 grove grown from seed planted by him- self. He has on his land a fine orchard of 300 trees whicli furnish an abundance of fruit, and the entire surroundings of his place betoken the care and thrift of the owner. In his political views Mr. Ferguson affiliates with the Democratic party. His parents reared a family of thirteen children, eight sons and five daughters, to maturity, of whom si.\ are yet living — Mrs. Sarah Warren, of Cortland County, New York ; Elijah, living in California; Henry, of Bloomington Townsiiip, this county ; Mrs. Hannah Champlin, a widow, living in An- telope County, Nebraska ; Mrs. Abigail Hosley, of the same county, and Ephraim, the subject of this sketch. The eldest brother, James, settled on section i, of Fayette Township, where he died in the fall of 1870, leaving two sons and four daughters. B. WARI^INGTON, farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section 15, " High Point Township, where he owns 140 acres of land. He was born February 19, 1842, son of Zena and Mar- tha (Bratten) Warrington, natives of Mary- land, and of English and Irish ancestry. They came to Decatur County in 1853 where they still reside. The father is seventy-three years of age, and the mother sixty-four. Mr. Warrington was reared on a farm, and has followed the vocation of a farmer. He enlisted in defense of his country in 1862, in Company A, Thirty- fourth Iowa Infantry, and served three years. He participated in the siege of Vicksburg, and many other battles of less note, and was mustered out at Houston, Texas. He was married in this county in 1866, to Matilda E. Casler, born in In- diana, August 26, 1846. Their children arc — Luella, Fanny D., Mary and Mar- shall B. Mrs. Warrington died in 1876, and in 1877 Mr. Warrington was married in Appanoose County, to Susan C. Patrick, born in Tennessee in 1850. Their children are — George E. and Martha J. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Repub- lic, and politicallv is a Grecnbacker. Post- oftice High Point. [ARL S. EALS, one of the prosperous and prominent young farmers of Franklin Township, is a native of Decatur County, born in Garden Grove Township, August 16, i860, a son of T. J. and Sarah Eals, prominent citizens of Weldon. He was reared on his father's farm, receiving good educational advant- ages, and in his youth acquired habits of industry that have been of lasting bene- fit. He is now superintending his father's farm in Franklin Township, and is a suc- cessful and enterprising farmer. He was married in 1884, to Miss Hannah Van Liew, daughter of J. D. and Lizzie (Kuhl) Van Licw, of New Jersey. They have one son, Fred. In politics Mr. Eals affiliates with the Republican party. -ra- -DJ- fAMES W. WOOU.MANSEE. the first permanent settler of Decatur Town- ship, entered 160 acres of land on sec- tion 31, in 1849, ''^"'^ built a house, 18 x 30, and in March, 1850, moved his family into it. John Still made a claim in the eastern part of the township prior to Mr. Wood- mansec, but remained only a short time, leaving to Mr. Woodmansee the honor of becoming the first permanent settler. He came to Decatur County a poor man, but now owns 243 acres of land, 160 acres be- ing his homestead. A fine brick residence, 27 X 40, has replaced his pioneer house. Mr. Woodmansee was born in Clermont ♦ ♦. ♦■;•! ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: *5 1* .♦..♦..♦..♦.,♦..♦.,♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦ ♦,♦!*>;•;!♦>' » • ■♦"♦>"♦:;♦:■♦ »!:♦: >;:♦: !»:♦: '♦"^ ;«;« ;♦;:« :♦::•« :♦::« :♦::«!! :♦:>; >♦;?? »:;« :♦:% »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦! ?«♦< »::♦. »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: II :♦;:♦; >;:♦: ^;* !♦::♦: »::« »::« »::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: »;:♦: »^:« :♦::« »: »::« »::« :«:♦: »:;« »:»: :♦::♦: :♦>; »::« :♦>: »"« :♦>; »::« »>: »:« »::♦: »::« »;:♦; :♦::'«$ »::♦; »::« »>: »>: ^I »::« »:;« mm »:»: »::« »::« »;:♦; »::« »::♦: »::« »::♦: KM »;:♦: »::« »::« :«:« :♦::♦: »:;« II »"« '■'■•:♦: 596 HlSTOnr OF DECATUR COUNTT. Count)', Ohio, December 31, 18 16, the youngest of six children of James and Agnes (Hammer) Woodmansee, natives of Pennsylvania, and pioneers of Ohio. In 1820 the}^ moved to Jackson County, Indi- ana, where the mother died in 1829, and the father in 1847. James W. Woodman- see was married October 29, 1835, to Miss Rachel Hammer, a native of Jackson County, Indiana, born November 14, 1S19, and for over fifty years she has shared with him life's joys and sorrows. In 1853 Mr. Woodmansee projected one of the county's earliest and most needful enter- prises. He built the pioneer grist-mill, not only of the county, but of the southern part of the State, and settlers came a dis- tance of fifty miles to get their grain ground. Mr. and Mrs. Woodmansee have had nine children. The eldest two died in infancy, and the youngest, James, aged one year. Six are living — Ann, wife of S. A. Millsap, of Hamilton County, Kansas; John, of Grand River Township ; Mary, wife of J. W. McLaughlin, of Decatur Township; Reuben S., of Mt. Ayr; George, at home; Susan, wife of W. H. Grayson, of Ringgold County. In politics Mr. Woodmansee was, originally, a liberal Democrat, and now affiliates with the Labor-Reform and Greenback party. ■•»=- -''■-s^s-- -c«* IHARLES TUCKER, section 15, Grand River Township, is a native of Somersetshire, England, born March 1840, the sixth of twelve children, of Charles and So[)hia (Murray) Tucker. The names of his father's family were — Walter, Joseph, Caroline, Eliza, Betsey, Charles, Henr}-, Thomas, Emma, James, Harriet, and an infant, died unnamed. Charles Tucker spent his carl}' life on a farm, re- ceiving fair educational advantages. He was married September 3, 1864, to Miss Jane Elizabeth Street, a native of Somerset- shire, born April 24, 1837. Her parents, William and Mar}' Street, were also na- tives of England, where they were married and had born to them nine children — Ann, William, Jane E., Sarah, Harriet, John, Sam- uel, John (second), Peter G.and Harriet Ann (second). Mr. Tucker and his wife came to America in 1869, landing in New York, July 7. They first located in Delaware County, Iowa, and two years later moved to Dubuque County. In February, 1876, they moved to Decatur County, and bought eighty acres of wild land in Grand River Township, which was the first farm improved in his neighborhood. He now owns 160 acres of good land, all under cul- tivation, and a pleasant story -and-a- half house surrounded with native trees. His farm buildings are noticeably good, and his orchard of 100 trees is in good bearing. He is engaged extensively in stock-raising and feeding, an enterprise in which he has been very successful. ICHAEL POLAND, a prominent , farmer of Richland Township, re- ^^*^ sides on section 23 where he owns 403 acres of excellent land, in a good state of cultivation. He was born in Rocking- ham County, Virginia, January 14, 1820, son of Michael and Catherine (Zimmers) Poland, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of Pennsylvania. He was reared in Indiana to the occupation of a farmer, and he lias continued to follow farming through life. He came to Decatur County in September, 1859, and settled upon the farm where he now resides. He was married in Delaware County, Indiana, October 16, 1842, to Elizabeth Sauerwine, born Novem- ber 23, 1823. Following are their children and their families — Mary married James Bradshaw of Table Rock, New Bruns- I'Ui'i ♦♦ ♦■^ >::♦. £♦::♦: ;♦*; [♦;;* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ^* >;:♦: '^^ ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: s»>: :♦!:♦: »;:♦: k:« ;♦>: »::♦• ♦* :-»:;♦: >"« £»;:♦: :♦:♦: >!:♦: »:;♦: :♦::« »::« :■»::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦>; M »::« ;♦::« »::« :♦:»: »::« »::« »::« »::♦; !»::♦: :♦::« »>. »::♦: »::« :«:« !»::♦: !«:♦; :♦;:♦: »::« :♦::♦: !»::♦: »::« {»::« »::♦: >::♦: »::« :♦;:« w:m »::♦: W.W. ;•»::« »::♦: »;:« »•::♦: »;:♦: »>. »:;« »"♦: »::♦: w:if. »;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.« .♦.♦, >:♦' >>: >>! > M ;♦;«! :♦♦. :♦* >:>: :♦;«> :♦.* >;;♦( >:;♦. >>! .♦.♦! >:♦! BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 897 •>■>: ♦ .♦; ♦ .♦I ♦ .♦! ♦ ♦; ** ♦ >: ♦ ;♦: ♦ .♦; ♦ :♦! ♦ .♦: •> ♦! »♦; ■• ♦; *♦< .♦:* ;♦;*■ :♦;:«( :♦:« :♦;;* :♦:* :♦:;«! :♦::«( ^3 :♦;*■ >;:«■; >::«! :♦;:■•! :♦::♦; :c«i :♦;:«! >::*: >::«: :♦.:« :♦;;« :♦;:«[ ;♦::«! .»::•! :♦:* :♦::«! :♦::•! :♦;:♦: :♦:>: ;♦;:♦: :♦:*• ;«;'*: ;«::« ;♦:;♦: !»::«! :'»;:'»: :♦::♦: !•:>: »::♦: wick, and they have six children — Minnie, Elizabeth, Henry S., Hugh D., Lena and Grovcr C; William married Rachel Ram- sey and they have six children — Annie L., Elsie, Emmet, Michael. Armina and Lus- ter; John married Minerva Hopkins and thev have six children — Rebecca, Alva, Elizabeth, Jane, Ida anti Lula; Christian married Lucinda Edwartls, and they have two children — Frank and Laura ; Catherine married La Fayette Brammer; Samuel married Sarah B. Fmlv, and they have two children — Arthur and Harry ; Hen- rietta married Andrew J. VVeldon and the)' have two children — Mina T. and Nora C. ; Isaac married Elizabeth Bowles, and they have two children — Charles W. and George W. ; Sanford and George are unmarried. Besides his (arming in- terests Mr. Foland carries on a hardware store and harness shop in Westerville where he is doing a good business. He came to Decatur County a poor man, but by his own effort and the assistance of his excellent wife he has become one of the wealthiest men of the county. He is a self-made man. His paternal grandfather served all through the Revolutionary war. ^¥OHN S^^TH, farmer, resides on sec- ■Sn tion 12, High Point Township, where j»5^ he owns eighty acres of land. He was born in Yates County, New York, Septem- ber 20, i8o8, son of Ezra and Nellie (Par- ish) Smith. His father was a carpenter by trade, and built the first store in Penn Yann, New York. When John was eight years of age his father bound him out, and he never saw him again. He came West in the fall of 1854, and settled in Wayne City, and in 1874 came to Decatur County. He was I married in Worthing, Ohio, in 1834. to Asenath Bristol, born in Connecticut, July I, 1808. Their children are — Eliza, now a | ♦».♦.«-♦».>.♦.♦.♦>.♦.♦ ♦ widow, has three children — Mary B., Lucy and Minerva; Sarah, wife of George P. Bishop, and David E. Mr. Smith held the office of justice of the peace two years be- fore he came West, and four years in Wayne County. His father and two brothers were in the war of 1812, and his grandfather served in the war of the Revolution. Po- litically he is a Republican. In his early life, before the time (jf railroads in his State he was a boatman, running on the river. fAMES M. DALE, one of the old and honored pioneers of Decatur County, v-,^-, and a successful farmer and stock- raiser of Hamilton Township, where he lives on section 11, was born in Hamilton County, Indiana, July 12, 1820, a son of John and Rebecca (Johnson) Dale, the father having been a soldier in the war of 1812. They were married in Woodford County, Kentucky, and a few years later removed to Indiana. They were the parents of six children — Fleming, James M., Mary Ann, Minerva, Ambrose Dudley and Meredith. Our subject was reared on a farm, receiv- ing a limited education in the subscription schools of pioneer days. He was married at the age of twenty-four years, to Miss Eveline Townsend, of Hamilton County, a daughter of Peter Townsend, and to this union was born one child — Calvin F., who died, aged three months. Mrs. Dale died two years after her marriage, and Febru- ary 24, 1848, Mr. Dale was again married to Miss Barbara Davis, a native of Hamil- ton County, Indiana, who died March 10, 1856, leaving six children — William J., Albert C, Mary E. (died July 12, 1876), John A., Samuel A. and James H. In 1855 Mr. Dale came to Iowa by team, being on the wav from May 19 till July 6. He was married to his present wile November 30, 1856, her name before marriage being Eu >.♦' ;♦'♦. > * >> ;♦:♦: ;♦ >■ :♦:♦ > •: ;*.♦. > ♦ :♦;* ;♦ ♦ ;♦:♦! m !•::♦: .♦:♦: >■.•; >;;♦; !»;« >;« ■<•:« :♦.« ;♦;♦ (♦.♦ ;♦> >> :♦:♦, >::♦ ;♦:♦: >> >,.♦ :♦:♦, ;♦:.* :♦<: !♦■♦: :♦:« !»* > V :♦ •» >.♦. :♦:♦: >.♦: »:♦ irj ;♦.:♦ !♦:♦; !•:*: !•:;♦: !♦::« !♦:♦; !»•>, !♦::♦; :♦:♦ !♦ ♦. ;♦.♦, ;♦..♦. !•:♦; »:« !♦:;♦: !♦.:♦. »:♦; !♦::♦; !♦;♦: »:»: !»::♦: :♦.♦: !»:♦: »:♦: :♦♦: :♦♦; I*:*: :♦"♦; :♦:♦;♦: :«•<>:.'■ :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■»: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;•»: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: ;»:;♦; :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦:■♦) :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: '•••;♦: :*:♦; :♦:* •♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: '*■'.'■>'. :*:»: *:♦; :♦::*: ;♦"«■ :♦::♦: :*♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:,♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;•»: :♦::♦; •»;•»: ;♦. •>' >:;■»: >:>: ■♦:"■>: :♦:*: :♦:;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>; >;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;'♦; :♦;♦: :♦;♦: !♦;♦: :♦;;♦; ■»;:♦; :♦:♦; :♦:♦; :♦>: »:>: :♦:;«: >::♦) :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::•: >:*: :♦;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;* :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: !♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦; :♦::♦; >;>; :♦;:♦: :♦:;* :♦::♦: >;:♦: '♦::♦: •»:;♦: >:♦! :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;♦; >:>: >::♦; >::♦: . :♦;:♦:•♦■ 598 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. nice Dunham. She was born in Mercer County, Penns^'lvania, a daughter of Jus- tice and Elizabeth (Budd) Dunham, the family coming to Decatur County, Iowa, in 1856. By his last marriage Mr. Dale has had seven children — Joseph B., Laura Ann, Barbara, Sherman, Flora E., Willard and Ambrose Dudley, of whom Barbara was burned to death at the age of sixteen months. After coming to Decatur County Mr. Dale bought 240 acres of partially-im- proved land, where he has since lived. He has gradually added to his original pur- chase till his farm contains 580 acres of land, which is all well improved. He has a large two-story residence, and his barn and out-buildings are commodious and convenient. Mr. and Mrs. Dale are worthy and earnest members of the Missionary Baptist church. He is always active in the support of any movement calculated to promote the cause of education or religion, and has gained the confidence and esteem of all who know him. ^3- -ES- C. WHEELER, M. D., has prac- ticed his profession in Davis City * since November 11, 1882, and has practiced in Decatur County since 1868. He was born in Jackson Count)', Indiana, in 1827. His father, Elnathan Wheeler, died when his son was nine years old, and when he was fourteen years old his mother died. He was thus thrown upon his own resources at an age when a youth most re- quires the parental care. Verj' early in life he contemplated (he study of medi- cine, and read upon that subject whatever books he could obtain. In 1853 he entered the office of Dr. Cavender at Courtland, Indiana, where he remained five years, and the last two >'ears of the time was associ- ated with his preceptor in practice. In 1862 he entered the army as a private in the Sixty-seventh Indiana Infantry, Com- pany E. As he had already practiced med- icine several years he was not allowed to serve in the ranks but was at once trans- ferred to the medical department of the army, in hospital duty. He served as field Surgeon of his regiment in most of the battles in which the Si.xty-seventh was en- gaged, including the two battles of Mun- fordville, Kentucky, at the repulse of Sherman on the Yazoo River, at Arkansas Post, and the Vicksburg campaign of Gen- eral Grant. He accompanied his regiment on the Red River campaign as far as Alex- andria, when he was sent back with the sick and wounded. He was also with his regiment as Surgeon at the siege and cap- ture of Forts Gaines and Hudson, at the mouth of Mobile Ba}^ and was in the same capacity at the siege and capture of Fort Blakely. Previous to the war Dr. Wheeler had attended two courses of lectures at the Medical College in Cincinnati. After the war closed he resumed his practice in In- diana. He has been a member of the De- catur County Medical Society for many years. He has an extensive practice, and is numbered among the most successful physicians of Decatur County. The doctor has been twice married. His first wife was Sarah Carnett, who died in this coun- ty. His present wife was Mar}' McDougal of Decatur County. The doctor has five sons and four daughters. ,LEXIS M. JACKSON, a retired farmer of Bloomington Township, %^ and a well-known citizen of Decatur County, was born Jul}- 5, 1827, in Boone County, Indiana, his father, Edward Jack- son, being one of the first settlers on Eagle Creek, near the Boone County line. He was married to Nancy Lane, on the home- stead of her father, Jesse Lane, and to :♦;:♦■•••>"* ;♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: •»::♦: >:.^: :♦::♦; ;♦;>; ;♦;:♦; >;:♦; ;♦;:♦; ■»;:♦; ;♦;■* ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; >;■*; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; >"♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :«:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :«:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦.;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :«::♦: ;»::♦: :♦:;♦: :*::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::<»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: ;♦:;♦; >:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦::*:.«::♦: **. .♦:* :♦* ♦ .♦: ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦' ♦:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ * * * • ♦ ♦: ♦ ^. ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: .♦* :♦..♦: :♦::♦: ♦ :*: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; •>:♦: :♦::♦; .♦>: ♦ ♦! ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ■*■♦■ ♦ ♦" ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ *'. ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ «: ♦ ♦; ♦;;♦: ♦ ♦! ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦; ♦. ♦: ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦' ■» ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦ ■: ♦' ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦..♦: ♦ «: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 509 them were born seven children — Alexis M., our subject, the eldest child; Ann, wife of John Scott, of Kellertoii ; Jesse; Sarah Catherine, deceased ; William Ferry, de- ceased ; James Marion, deceased, and Elizabeth Amanda. Alexis M. Jackson lived in Boone Coimty till fourteen years of age, when he removed with his parents to the Indian Reserve, now Tipton Coun- ty, Indiana, where he remained till 1855. He was reared to agricullural pursuits, and in his youth attended the common schools. He was united in marriage April 3, 1855, to Margaret E. Williams, who was born and reared in Benton County, Indi- ana. To this union were born two children — Calvin H. and an infant unnamed, both deceased. Mrs. Jackson is also deceased, her death being caused by the bite of a rattlesnake. .Mr. Jackson lived in Benton County from 1855 till i860, when he re- turned to Tipton County, and for a time lived in Indianapolis, dealing in real estate and buying horses for the United States Government. After the close of the war he came to Decatur County, buying his father's homestead in Bloomington Town- ship, which the latter had entered from the Government and improved. His farm con- tains 260 acres, and is under the best of cultivation, with comfortable residence and commodious and convenient barn, and an excellent orchard containing 200 trees. His farm adjoins the village of Tuskeega, and is divided into four fields. The town plat of the village was once a part of his farm. Besides this farm Mr. Jackson also owns 160 acres of improved land on section 27, Bloomington Township, and eighty acres of land in Ringgold County used as pasture, besides fifty acres of timber land. He also owns considerable property in Tuskeega. He has retired from the active duties of life, his time being mostly devoted to looking after his property. All his property has been acquired by years of in- dustry, together with good business man- agement, he having commenced on his own account without means, and by his fair and honorable dealings in all business transactions he has secured the confidence and esteem ol those who know him. He has been an earnest member of the Method- ist Episcopal church for over thirty years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. OLOMON A. FERGUSON, a suc- cessful farmer of Fayette Township, residing on section i, was born in Chautauqua County, New York, the date of his birth being March 25, 1831. His parents, James and Miriam (Warren) Fer- guson, were both natives of the Empire State, and to them were born seven chil- dren, — Eli, died in Peoria County, Illi- nois ; Henr)' J., of Burrcll Township, Decatur County, is a school-teacher, hav- ing taught one year in Ohio, one in Wis- consin, twenty-one in Illinois and sixteen in Iowa; Mrs. Phoebe Eaton, living in Ante- lope County, Nebraska ; Solomon A., our subject ; Mrs. Maria Black, of Antelope County, Nebraska ; Mrs. Sarah Puckett, of the same county, and Mrs. Lucinda Phelps, living near Lincoln, Nebraska. When our subject was two years old his parents re- moved to Crawford County, Ohio, and later to Jo Daviess County, Illinois, where his mother died, in i860, aged fifty -eight years. His father died in 1870, aged sev- enty-three years. In the latter county he grew to manhood, being reared to farm- ing pursuits, which he has made the prin- cipal vocation of his life. He was married in Jo Daviess County, July 4, 1861, to Miss Emily B. Thomas, a daughter of John K. Thomas. Mrs. Ferguson was born in Wayne County, Indiana, in 1840, being reared in her native State. She moved with her parents to Sauk County, Wiscon- ■'♦»':♦:;♦'> ■ ♦::•:;♦;:♦::♦:;♦ • .♦>. '♦>: >:♦! ♦:♦: :♦:*. 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'» " > '♦' V*" V > >">' '♦' '♦' '♦' "♦. ♦ *•- ♦ <", .* -♦. ♦-♦. .♦- ■♦.-♦ .♦. ■♦. .♦- ■*. .*■- -♦• -*- -*"*• '^. ■*■ •**- -*- ■*■ ■*■ ■*•■ ■*•- ■'*- -*- ■*• -*'- -*■ •*- ■^- ■*- ♦- ■*■ ■♦■ ■*- ■♦- ■♦- -♦"♦"♦"♦"♦^♦'♦l >]'♦'♦, >. .♦. .*. .♦, o. .♦. >. .♦ ♦ * ^-v ^ 600 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. *:;♦; ;»::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :>;:« ->:.*: <>;>: :,::♦: .v:>: >;:♦; *:♦; ;»;:♦: :<>■>: ■.':♦: ■'-,:♦: •>♦: '■>::♦: ■;♦: •>;:♦: ■•.:;♦: >:>: :■.■:;♦: >>; >■;;♦; >'♦; >:;♦: :*;>: ■'>:>: •5:>: :»::♦: >.■::<•: >'<>: :>::«■: '^'♦' kc^ ,*!>: :••■:♦; .♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :c* :♦>: »::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;;♦; :♦::* »: ;♦::♦: :*:;« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;♦; >::« !'«::« :♦:« ;♦;:♦: :■♦::♦; >;:♦' ;♦;;* >::< :♦;:«! :♦;:♦: :♦'♦; :♦..♦: :♦:;♦: >:;♦: ;♦:'♦: .*,♦; ;♦:.♦; ;♦;>: ;*;^ ;*::« :♦:>; >;;♦; ;♦:;♦: sin, and from there moved to Jo Daviess County, Illinois. Her father came with her to Decatur County, and still lives in Burrell Township. To Mr. and Mrs. Fer- guson have been born four children — Adel- bert C, their eldest son, married Mary Millsop, and lives on a part of his father's farm; George William, died August 21, 1883, aged fifteen years; Effie Jane and Rosa B. During the late war Mr. Fergu- son enlisted at Dixon, Illinois, in Company D, One Hundred and Fifty-third Illinois Infantry, the date of his enlistment being February 14, 1865, receiving an honorable discharge August 20, 1865. He has lived on his present farm since the spring of 1869, which he has brought from a state of nature to a high state of cultivation. All the improvments on the place have been made by himself, and by his industry and good management he has added to his original eighty acres until his homestead now contains 280 acres of well-improved land. In his political views Mr. Ferguson is a Republican. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. fAMES M. LILLARD, farmer, section 14, Garden Grove Township, was born in Calhoun County, Illinois, in 1841, son of Thomas and Riioda (Patterson) Lil- lard, natives of Virginia and Missouri re- spectively. They immigrated to Decatur County in 1857, and settled upon the farm where James M. now resides. The father died in 1882, aged eighty-si.K years, five months and sixteen days. The mother is still living at the advanced age of eighty- two years. Mr. Lillard was reared on a farm, and has followed farming through life. He was married in Decatur County, in 1883, to Ellen Miller, daughter of Jeffer- son and Cleopatra Miller, born in Indiana, in 1854. They have one child — Charley W. Mr. Lillard is a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows. His farm consists of 200 acres of land, well culti- vated. His father served in the war of 18 1 2, and saw Dick Johnson shoot Tecum- seh. He killed the Indian who was dis- guised in a hog's skin. He helped to build the first court-house in St. Louis. *»>- — «*S— -««* D. BRYANT, section 11, Blooming- ton Township, is a native of Lu- .^i^^ zerne County, Pennsylvania, bom March 17, 1832, a son of John and Martha (Hawk) Bryant, natives of New Jersey, where the}' were married. They subse- quently moved to Pennsylvania, and made that State their home the rest of their lives. They had a family of seven children — Almira, Mary, Hannah, Ruth, Hiram D., William and Eleanor. In his early life our subject assisted in the work of the farm, receiving a common-school education. He remained at home until the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, and in September, 1861, enlisted in Company F, Fifty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, and par- ticipated in the battles of Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, White Oak Swamp and Malvern Hill. On account of ill health he was discharged, in November, 1862, but has never fully recovered from the effects of disease contracted while in the service. He lived in Luzerne County after his re- turn from the war, until 1868, when he came to Iowa, and located on Elk Creek, in Bloomington Township, Decatur Coun- ty, where he lived until 1880, when he moved to his present farm, which, at that time, was wild land. He has a young nurs- ery of 8,000 trees, of the most hardy and best varieties of fruit for this climate, and also an orchard of fine trees now in good bearing. His orchard and nursery are laid out artistically, with a driveway :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:*' ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;•♦;:♦; ;'»::'*: »:;♦: !»::♦: »:;« !»;:« ;■»:•»: »;;♦: »:>: »::♦: :♦::♦: !»"♦: »;:« .%:« »>: :♦:;«! [»::* »:;♦: !♦;;« :♦::« WM »::•« !»::♦: »::♦: !♦::♦; !»:;« :•♦::•« :«::« :♦::••! ;♦::♦: ;♦::* WM *;:« <♦::* $»:;♦: »::« »:;« !»;;♦: »::♦; {♦:;♦: !♦::♦: !♦•:;♦: S»::« !»::« WM WM WM WM. WM. WM. WM. W.W, ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: t»::* :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::«! ;♦::♦; w.w. w:m :*::♦; :*:♦: W.M WM. W.W, >:* !♦;* !♦::♦: WM w.w. WW. WM. W: W.W. Wfi w.w. WM. >..♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; >:.♦: :♦;;♦: w.w. V ♦: :i *>; *♦ >« :♦.:♦: *?^ :♦::«! ;♦;:♦• !»:>! >::«> »: :•♦:;♦; ;♦:♦: :♦;♦: >::«! >"•: :♦::♦' •*:♦! :♦>: »:«£ :c« :c« »: wx :♦;*• >::♦: >:>: !»::♦: :♦::♦: »::«! :♦>: :♦::♦; w:m :♦;:* :♦>: :♦;;* !»::« :♦>! »::« *?^ *:« >:;♦: *:^ :♦:;« >::♦: :♦;;« :♦;« :♦:•♦! »::« :«.>: :c« :♦;:«! :♦:*' •MM :♦"« :♦;:«! :♦::« :♦::••! »:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 601 around the grounds, and anyone visiting the place will at once attest to the taste and apparent ijood management of the owner. Mr. Bryani was married .Marcii 26, 1 87 1, to Miss Amy Osborn, daughter of C. Osborn, of Bloomington Township. .Mrs. Bryant diet! July 16, 1874, leaving one daughter — Martha Etle. August 4, 1880, Mr. Bryant married Mrs. Nancy Caroline Ryan, a native of Tennessee, daughter of John and Sarah Stamps, and widow of James M. Ryan, by whom she had four children — John I., James Andrew, Mary Ann and Elijah B. In politics Mr. Bryant is a Republican. •«««fi£;©i® ^t^iionv^ ULLIA.M .M. WOODS, an enter- prising citizen of Grand River Township, living on section 13, is a native of Illinois, born in Kno.wille, Knox County, June 17, 1845. ^^'s parents, H. S. and Jane (McCaudlass) Woods, were both natives of the State of Pennsylvania. The)' reared a family of eight children, their names being as follows —Mary, William M., John, Margaretta, RlizalKtli, Emma, Thomas and Asenath. William M. Woods received good educational advantages, at- tending the schools of Knoxville and Knox College, at Galesburg, Illinois, in Febru- ary, 1864, he enli-sted in the war for the Union, in tlie .Marine Corps, whicli was sta- tioned at .Mound City, Illinois, and he was appointed to carry the mails from Mound City to Cairo, under the command of Colonel Kingsley. He received his dis- charge in October, 1864, when he returned to his home in Knoxville. December 16, 1869, he was united in marriage to Miss Emma V. Bassett, who was also a native of Knoxville, Illinois. Her parents, (). P. and Celestia (Thomas) Bassett, were natives of Pennsylvania, and reared a family of six children — Edwin, Frances, Emma F. and Ella F. (twins), Newell and Orville. Mr. and Mrs. Woods are the i)arents of live children — Mary Lillian, Nellie, Willie, Hugh and Ralph. A child named Sydney is deceased. Mr. Woods remained in his native county until 1870, when he came to Decatur County, his father having entered 1,300 acres in this county, in 1854. t)n coming to this county Mr. Woods located on a farm of 185 acres, located in Grand River Township, which is well improved and is one of the best farms in the township. His farm is principally meadow and past- ure land, and he devotes most of his time to raising and feeding stock. He has a good residence and a commodious barn, and a fine orchard containing 130 trees of differ- ent varieties, besides small fruits. In his political views Mr. Woods is a Republican. I He has served six terms as township asses- I sor, filling that position with credit to him- self and satisfaction to his constituents. Both Mr. and Mrs. Woods are worthy members of the Presbyterian church, and respected members of society. P. WALKER, Hamilton Township, postoffice, Pleasanton. Among the .* intelligent pioneers of Decatur County who have been identified with the county for nearly forty years, is the subject of this sketch, who is a native of Herkimer County, New York, born in 1809, a son of Truman and Ada (Powell) Walker. Our subject was reared and educated in New York. He read law and was adiiiitted to the bar. After arriving at the age of man- hood he located in the Southern Stales, where he engaged in teaching ami practic- ing law for several years. He was united in marriage February 2, 1836, to Miss Elizabeth Pierce. To this union were born three children — John, Mary E., and Will- .* ». :♦:«; »' !*;:•! :♦;;«) ;*^*i !•::«': »: :♦>) >■>; :<«( :♦>; »■ $5 >:>: >::♦; »; >;;♦; >::♦: ;♦;♦; ;c«( *::« h >;:♦: :♦.;* :♦;:* :«"♦: »::«! >:«■ :♦;:« »: m :♦:;* :c«j ♦::« k«i :♦::«! :♦;:* *;«>• :♦:;« *;:« »::« !»:« >.:« !•::« %% »:* m '*:-^ »' w:m ;♦■*» !«::♦: >::«! >.:♦! >::« :♦:;♦; IS! :♦'* >♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:« ;«?•) !»::*: :♦"♦; :♦::♦; »;:♦; >::«': >::♦: :♦;;♦: »!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦!>: :♦;>; ;♦::♦; !♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :*;♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦;;♦; >::•: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; !»■:■»; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: »;:♦: 602 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. iam H. In the spring of 1849 our subject located in Hamilton Township, Decatur County, where he has since resided. He is one among the oldest pioneers now living in Decatur County. fAMES E. TEALE is the senior mem- ber of the mercantile firm of Teale & Krames, at Davis City. He has been a resident of this place since 1874, and of Decatur County since 1865. Mr. Teale has also an interest in a mercantile firm at Kellerton, Ringgold County. He is one of seven brothers, six of whom are resi- dents of Decatur and Ringgold counties. Mr. Teale was born on the island of Jersey, on the coast of France, July 23, 1838. His father, Frederick Teale, was a native of London, England. In 1843 the family immigrated to America, the father having come the previous 3'ear. For a time they resided in the State of New York, and then removed to the Ter- ritory of Wisconsin, going via Erie Canal, and the lakes to Milwaukee, and settling near Waukesha, where the}' lived until 1847. They then removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1855, the father returned to England to look after his interest in an es- tate, but died soon after he reached his native land. In the fall of that same year, the family removed to Illinois. In 1859, Frederick Teale came to this county, the other brothers coming at different times. The mother died in Illinois, in 1876, being instantlv killed bv the running away of a team. James E. enlisted in May, 1861, on the first call made by President Lincoln, served the full term of his enlistment, and October 30, of the same year, enlisted in Company F, Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry, serving until September 26, 1865. His whole time of service was four years and two months, being in active service all the time. He served as private, Sergeant, and Regimental Commissary-Sergeant, until July, 1864; then was promoted to Second Lieutenant, Company G, afterward to First Lieutenant, and discharged as such with his regiment at the close of the war. His regiment was commanded by Colonel Joseph W. Bell. In June, 1862, it joined General Curtis, at Batesville, Arkansas, and went with him to Helena. In the fall of that year they returned to Missouri, where they spent some time scouting. In July, 1863, they went with General David- son into Arkansas, and were present at the fight which resulted in the capture of Lit- tle Rock. Thereafter much time was spent in Arkansas. January 24, 1864, the cavalry division of the Seventh Army Corps in which this regiment was serving, was discontinued, and the Thirteenth Illi- nois Cavalry was stationed at Pine Bluff, Arkansas, raiding the surrounding coun- tr}' until the close of the war. The regi- ment was discharged at Springfield, Illinois. Mr. Teale, like all his brothers, is a Republican. -c^** fAMES DUNLAVY, section 15, Ham- ilton Township, is a native of County Donegal, Ireland, born December 2, 18 12, the eldest son of George and Cath- erine (Johns)n) Dunlavy. When he was eight years of age his parents immigrated to America, and settled in Troy, New York, where thev lived six 3-ears, and then moved to Rochester, but a year later to Philadel- phia. They had a famil}'^ of five sons — James, John, Lewis, Henry and George. In his 3-outh James Dunlas'v learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed fifty years. He was married in May, 1833, to Miss Lucinda Murraj', a native of Dela- ware, daughter of Archibald and Ann (Johnson) Murray, her father a native of :*:;*:*;:«*"**:»"«:c*;:cc*:*»:*::c**r«:o>^»>>>r^^^ :♦'> :♦;>. :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: >::«: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:>: >"♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: >;3K :♦.:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«;>: :♦:>: ;♦:» ;♦:>. ;♦:>. :♦::*: :♦:>: ■»::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: >:.^: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :<»::♦: :♦::♦: :<♦: >«♦: :c«i :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;«: ;♦::♦: ;♦:♦: >:>: ;♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >:>: :♦:•♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: >;:♦" » :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; >;:♦: ;♦;»; >;:♦; ;♦:>: »; :c* >::♦: ;♦::♦; W.'M >;;♦: :«"'*: :♦:'♦' >:•» :♦- ;♦> ;♦:♦ ■»"■.■■ :♦"♦>:;♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 608 ■•»♦: .■••.♦. *;:♦: i^ !»::«: »;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: !«♦; !»;:«; .<»:;«: :♦"♦: >"♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•': :c* :<»:4: :♦:>: <«:♦: »: »:»: :♦"♦: :♦:»: :♦::•: >:>: :♦:.« !^* :♦:>: »: :♦"♦: :«"♦: >;:•: ;«"«: »;:♦: !»:.»: :•;:♦: :♦;♦; !»::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: ;♦:>; :♦"« »:V: '!»;;♦; :♦:* i*M ;«:;♦: ♦:!♦ :*::»: 1^^ $J :♦::♦: '♦;.♦: *♦: Ireland, and the mother of Philadelphia. Her father waf a soldier in the warof 1812. In 1838 Mr. Dimiavv moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, where he lived two years, and while there voted for General Harrison. His first vote for President was cast for General Jackson. In 1840 he moved to Trumbull County, Ohio, on the Western Reserve, and in 1S44, to Galena, Illinois, where he lived until 1852, when he started overland for California, being five months on the way. He located in Sacramento, where he worked at his trade, frequently making $23 a day. In July, 1854, he returned to New York City, by steamer, and went to Philadelphia to visit his parents, and from there to Illinois and Jackson County, where his wife and chil- dren were living. The same year he came to Iowa, and located on section 10, Hamil- ton Township, Decatur County, where he bought 320 acres of wild land of J. J. Stan- ley, where he was living at the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. In Au- gust, 1861, he enlisted in the defense of the old flag, in Company B, Fifth Kansas Cavalry, and was appointed regi- mental blacksmith. He served three )'ears, and was discharged in August, 1864, and returned to his home. In the spring of 1865 he went to Virginia City, Montana, where he lived five months, and then re- turned to Omaha, where he lived si.v months. He then returned to Decatur County, and a short time after located on his present farm. After having been in twenty-six States and Territories and in Can- ada and .Mexico, he has settled in Decatur County to spend the rest of his life. Ik- has been a hard-working, energetic man, honorable and u[)right in all his dealings, and now in his declining years has a com- fortable home as the reward for his labor, and is in the enjoyment of hosts of friends who respect and honor him for his genial manner and man}' noble characteristics. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Before the war he was a Democrat in po- litical failh, but since that time has affilia- ted with the Republican jiarty. To him and his wife have been born seven chil- dren — George, Ann Elizabeth, Rufiis, Will- iam, John, Christopher and Catherine. Three sons were soldiers in the war of the Rebellion, and two gave their lives for their country. George was a member of the First California Infantrv, and died in New Mexico, aged about thirty years. Rufus and William were members of the Third Iowa Cavalry. The former died from the effects of disease contracted in the army, and the latter is now living in But- ler County, Kansas. Ann Elizabeth is de- ceased; John lives in Hamilton Township; Christopher in Fremont County, Iowa, and Catherine in Marysville, Missouri. W. FIERCE, farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section 34, Long Creek Township, where he owns 200 acres of land. He is a native of Hamilton County, Indiana, where he was born January 2, 1846, son of E. W. and Mary (Cresswcll) Fierce, natives of Ohio. They removed to Knox County, Illinois, where they lived seven years, thence to Decatur County, in i860, where they have since resided. F. W. was reared as a farmer, and has fol- lowed farming all his life. He has a good stock farm, well cultivated. He was mar- ried in Clarke County, Iowa, Januarv 5, 1868, to Mary M. Mclntyre, daughter of Nathan and Orytha Mclntyre, natives of New V'ork. She was born in Fulton County, Illinois, October 15, 1849. They have five children — Phila A., Adella, An- netta, Edith C. and Clark. Mrs. Fierce's mother died when she was two years of age, and she was reared by her grandpar- ents. Mr. Fierce is a member of the Ma- ii"«"«"«"*'* i \ 4i « '4! *' -fr * « V '« *' '* '«' '«' '•' «' *' v V A «' 4 >'«'«' i. < .>' 4 i '•' '^' ** '* *> * '< »'**«. 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ILLIAM PENCE, an active and IHI'MVK enterprising farmer and stock- 1^4^^ raiser of Grand River Township, residing on section 13, is one of the old pioneers of Iowa, and for many 3'ears has been identified with the interests of Deca- tur County. He was born in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, May 4, 1835, ^ son of William and Mary (Thurston) Pence, the father being a son of John Pence, a soldier of Revolutionary fame, who fought at ihe battle of Fort Du Ouesne, where Braddock was defeated. The parents of our subject reared a family of eight chil- dren — Christina, Martha, A. J., Mary Ann, William, John, Joseph C. and Arthur; Will- iam being the fifth child. When he was four years of age, in 1839, '^^ ^^'^^ brought by his parents to Iowa, they locating in Des Moines County, ten miles northwest of Burlington. In those days settlers were few, the principal inhabitants of that part of the country being Indians and wild ani- mals. There our subject passed his youth amid pioneer scenes, his early life being spent in assisting his father on the farm. His educational advantages were such as could be obtained in tiie log-cabin schools of a new countr}-. In 1855 the family re- moved to Wapello County, where his father died, in March, 1856. The mother died in March, 1859. William Pence, our subject, was married April 23, 1863, to Miss Mar}' Thomas, a native of Wales, who came to Iowa at the age of fourteen years, a daughter of David and Mary Ann (Prich- ard) Thomas. The}' are the parents of two children— Maggie Ann and Joseph Thomas. In 1869 Mr. Pence came with his family to Grand River Township, Decatur County, and bought 130 acres of his present farm, I(jcating on his land in 1871, this farm being the first improved in his neighborhood. He has added to his original purchase till he now has 252 acres, which are well improved and under fine cultivation. He has a well- furnished residence, built in modern style, surrounded by shade and ornamental trees, a commodious barn and other farm buildings in good condition for the accom- modation of his stock. Politically Mr. Pence is a Democrat. Since coming to Grand River Township he has served as clerk and assessor, and while a resident of Wa- pello County he served as assessor four terms. By his fair and honorable dealings Mr. Pence has secured the confidence and respect of all who know him, and is num- bered among the solid men of Grand River Township. fsON. JOHN R. ANDREWS, de- ceased, was born and reared in Jefferson County, Iowa, and was mar- ried when twenty-seven years of age, to Rebecca J. Taylor, a daughter of Thomas Taylor, a representative citizen of Jeffer- son County. One year after his marriage, in 1857, Mr. Andrews became a resident of Fayette Township, Decatur County, his being one of the first families in the town- ship. His 320 acres of land on section 15, is now occupied by Noah Riggs. Mr. Andrews was one of the county's leading men, prominent in the Republican party, and served one year in the Iowa General Assembly before the war. He enlisted in the war for the Union, and was promoted from First Lieutenant to Captain, but owing to ill health was compelled to resign :*:•«■; :♦;:•♦; :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:■«■ :♦::'«': :♦::♦. :♦:;♦: :«:♦: :♦::•«■: :♦::■*•: ;♦:;*: :♦;:<■; *;:♦; :♦::•>: :♦::♦•: :♦:•«■: .*;:♦: w:!«. :♦:.* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:■»: ;♦::«: :♦;•♦: :♦>. :♦;:♦: !♦"•♦: :♦:■>: ;♦;;♦; ;♦:>: :♦"■-:• :•»::♦: :♦::«•; :♦:.*; :♦;;♦: :♦"♦; :♦;■*: :♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.*; >::♦: *:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::<•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;«•: :♦;:•»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦;:♦: :♦::*: :♦::■»: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:* :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦!>; »: ;♦>: ;♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:■»: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ■iC*'. ;♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:•»: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:•»; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦::♦; ■«:♦>: A' w '^'^a: a'a' x w* 'iT^r^ A' A' J BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. GOr> :♦* *;♦; >:;♦■: :♦>; *^ > ♦! >»«■: >.* >:«! :♦:«> :♦:;«! !•:;♦: >:;* >::♦: :«::•! :*♦; i* .♦) >,♦: !♦>; *.«! !»;:•! K^ SS »::«! ■»:;♦; !»;;«) !».;«; !»::♦; !»::« (»:♦: 5^ )»:;«! .♦ ♦: >»♦ .•>.;♦. .*:■♦! ♦:«! ».*■ :♦,:♦; WIff. !»:;♦: ♦:« ♦.'♦: ♦ :♦; after a short service. Returning to his farm lie lived a life of great usefulness, wliicli terminated in 1878, at the age of forty-nine years. His widow is now the wife of Rev. G. \V. Pattison, of Des Moines. The memory of Mr. Andrews is cherished by all old settlers for his many kind and manl}' qualities. [AVID E. SMITH, farmer, lives on section 12, High Point Township. He was born in Franklin County, Ohio, 1842, son of John and Asenath Smith, natives of New York. They removed to Wayne County, Iowa, in 1854, where they resided till 1872, then came to Decatur County. David came to this county in 1869. He was married in Wayne Count)-, in 1863, to Linnie R. Drury, a native of In- diana, born in 1845, daughter of S. M. and Lucy Drury, natives of Massachusetts. Their children were Lewis and Grace E. Mrs. Smith died in 1876, and Mr. Smith was married a second time to Mary Mc- Keeman, of Ohio, born in 1843. Theirchil- dren are Mary and John. Mr. Smitli owns 120 acres of good land, which he has earned by hard labor. He has held several school offices, and politically is a Republican. -»■ -BJ- when he bought a farm of 163 acres of im- proved land in Franklin Township, where he now lives. He has his land all under cultivation, and his residence and farm buildings are large and convenient, making his home one of the plcasantest in the county. Mr. Boyce was married in Ohio, to Miss Jane Dimond, daughter of John and Elizabeth Dimond. Thcv have had ten children, four sons and si.\ daughters ; but seven are living — John, George, Mary, Fannie, Clara, James E. and Ida. The de- ceased are — Mary, Florence and William. In politics Mr. Boyce is a Republican. In religious faith a Methodist. ilLLlAM BOYCE is a native of 1 England, born November 9, 1833, 1 a son of Thomas and Elizabeth | (Crabb) Boyce. He remained in his 11a- ] tive country until his majority, and in 1 1854 came to the United States, making his first permanent location in Erie Coun- ty, Ohio, where he rented a (arm and lived fifteen years. In 1869 he came lo Iowa, ami rented lanfl about four years, and in 1873 bought eighty acres of land which he improved and matle his home until 18S4, fOHN TAYLOR MERCER, a pros- perous farmer and stock-raiser of Bloomington Township, living on sec- tion 26, is a native of Iowa, born in Lucas County, August 3, 1850, a son of Joiin and Margaret (McCully) Mercer, who were born, reared and married in Putnam Coun- ty, Indiana. In 1847 they located in Lucas County. Iowa, and in 1856 settled in Deca- tur County. To them were born four chil- dren — Ruth Elizabeth, John Taylor, Lucinda Jane, and one who died in infancy. The father was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, enlisting in Company G. Tiiirty- fourth Iowa Infantry. He died in the United States Hospital at St. Louis, Mis- souri, in 1864, after serving his country about one year. John T., our subject, was six years of age when he was brought by his parents to Decatur, and here he grew to manhood, his youth being spent in as- sisting his father on the (arm. his father having entered a large tract of land from the Government. On attaining the age o( manhood he went to Clarke County, Iowa, where he remained seven years, working on a farm. He was united in marriage March 28, 1878, to Miss Lucy McClean, who was .♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ > V > ■» 3»>: :♦;♦ > ♦ ;♦> ». :♦.♦ :« * > ♦ .♦ ♦ ;♦> ;♦:♦ » ;♦'•♦ :♦;♦ ;♦;♦ ;•♦ :♦ t >.* :♦,» :♦.■• (•;♦ :♦> :♦.:<■ ;♦:♦ !♦::* » !♦♦ :♦>. !»> !•;:♦ :♦:;♦ :♦:;♦ ;♦ « i»> !»:.« »> !♦:♦ » :*> ;♦:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>' ■»■:♦ ;♦♦ » ;♦.♦ :♦:♦ "♦♦ '♦ < :♦;:♦.;♦. »;:♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦"■»; :♦:;♦. :♦;:♦; !«•::♦: :«:»: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: *::♦: >::^: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ■♦::♦: :■»:>: ;■♦;;♦: :♦;* :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::*: >::♦: :♦:>: >:>: :♦:* :♦:;*: >;:♦; :♦::♦. :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >;:♦: ;♦"♦; :♦"♦: :♦■;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:«•: ;♦;:«: :»:>: >:>' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦' :♦;:*: :♦;>■ ;♦.* >;* >;;*■ :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: .*::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦; >:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"* :♦::«■: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:•»: :♦:.*: :♦::♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦!:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: >;••: :♦;.♦: ;♦:•»: ;♦:;♦: ;♦.:♦; ♦ ♦♦■■»♦♦♦♦♦♦ *»♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»•«>»•».» *•.▼..». •»..-».». » ^r.».*»rc«:**/«:*:,*:*:*:»::*::«:««*«»a5!K»"«:«»»"«^^ 606 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. born and reared in Decatur County, her parents, George and Sarah McClean still living in this county. They had seven children born to them — Rebecca, Mary, Eliza, Eloa, Lucy, John and George. Mr. Mercer located on the homestead where he has since resided in 1S73, the farm con- taining 175 acres of choice land, well im- proved, and under good cultivation, a comfortable residence, and commodious out-buildings for the accommodation of his stock. His farm is divided into different fields, and is well watered, making it one of the best stock farms in the township. He has by his own industry and good man- agement acquired his fine property, and by his upright and honorable dealings he has secured the respect of the entire com- munity. « : : ooc> c -. » J. BARRACKM-A.N, one of the successful farmers of Franklin I® Township, is a native of Indiana, born in Boone County, September 26, 1 84 1, a son of Henry and Angeline (Moore) Barrackman. When a boy he accompanied his parents to Decatur County, Iowa. His father entered eighty acres of land in Long Creek Township, and erected a rail pen covered with prairie hay, which served them as a kitchen, the family sleeping in a tent stretched close by, a month, and dur- ing this time they broke a patch of ten acres, and planted their first crop of sod corn. Here in the new country the par- ents made a home for their children, and here they both died, the mother in March, 1877, and the father in July, 1884. Their family consisted of five children, two sons and three daughters — Minerva Ellen, Will- iam Henry, Sarah Angeline, Emily Belle and C. J. Minerva and C. J. are the only members of the family living. C. J. Bar- rackman was reared on a farm, and on reaching manhood chose agriculture as his life work. In the fall of 1864 he bought eighty acres of land in Franklin Township, which is a part of his present homestead, having added to it until he now owns 160 acres, all well improved. When the family first came to Iowa provisions were scarce, and they were obliged to go with ox-teams to the Des Moines River to buy corn, and after their land began to yield crops were obliged to go to Peoria to have their grind- ing done. Mr. Barrackman has experi- enced all the hardships of pioneer life, and has assisted materiall}^ in developing and improving Decatur County, changing it from a wilderness to a count}^ of well-cul- tivated farms, and thriving villages. He was married in 1863, to Miss R. E. Imes, daughter of William and Barbara (Miller) Imes. They have had a family of ten children — Ida Belle, Dora E., Sarah A., Laura E., Maggie Emma, William Henry, David Harvey, Charles Edward, Mauna Loa and Harriet M. Mr. and Mrs. Bar- rackman are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he affiliates with the Republican part3^ fOHN McKlBBEN, farmer and stock- raiser, resides on section 4, Garden Grove Township, where he owns 360 acres of well-cultivated land. He also owns 210 acres of fine land in High Point Township. His postoffice address is Gar- den Grove. He was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, February 25, 1836, a son of Thompson and Elizabeth (Margrave) Mc- Kibbcn, natives of Mercer County, Penn- sylvania, of Scotch ancestry. The father died in 1866, aged sixty years, and the mother lives at Newton Falls, Trumbull County, Ohio, at the age of seventy-five years. Four of their six children are liv- ing — James, of Kansas ; Seymour, of Trumbull County, Ohio ; Delia, wife of 'ft:!f. :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; >:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:»; ;<■::♦: ;<■::'»] ;♦.:♦; :♦;■♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :«;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: !♦"♦; :♦:>: :♦:* :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ■♦"•^ :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦:•»; '*::♦: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :*::♦; :♦;:♦: :«:;••! :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; >::♦; >:♦■; ;♦:>; ;♦'«; ;*>; :*.* >..♦; :♦:;♦: >;:♦; :♦;;♦: *:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦•, •»;:♦: :♦;:♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: *:♦: :«::♦: •«'■«•' :*-::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :*::♦: :«:;♦: :*:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;;•« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦< :♦::♦: ffM ;♦:>: >::♦: :*:« :♦;:♦: >z^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, OOfl > *" ♦ >. .♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: '♦"♦■! .♦ ♦; ;♦ ♦. Henry Ernest, and John. John McKibben was reared and educated in his native county, and taught school two winters, in Ohio and Wisconsin. He came to Deca- tur County, Iowa, in 1857, and purcliased 200 acres of wild land, which he com- menced at once to improve, and now has one of the best improved farms in the county. He makes a specialty of breeding and raising fine Merino sheep, having about 500 liead. He has seventy-five head of very fine thorough-bred short-horn cattle, and a number of choice Poland- China hogs. Mr. McKibben was married in Trumbull Count}-, Ohio, April 6, 1857, to Harriet Hurd, also a native of that county, daughter of Comfort and Sarah (Hyde) Hurd, of English descent. They are the parents of six children— Frank T., a merchant at High Point ; Mary E., wife of George King, of High Point; Mattie L., a superior musician, who expects to graduate in March, 1887; Sarah B., a very fine artist, who also expects to graduate in the spring of 1887; Lillie H., also at school, and John O., at home. Mr. and Mrs. McKibben are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is steward and trustee. They are very much respected in the community where they are known. They have by their industry, econom\- and perseverance ac- cumulated a large property, and are num- bered among the prominent and influential citizens of the township. i^lTDGE L. H. II lownship, is SAVLL'S. Woodland a native of Ontario County, New York, born in 18 19, a son of Hiram and Nancy Savles. When he was three years of age his parents moved to Cincitmati, Ohio, and the year following to Miami Countv, Ohio, and thence, in 1834, to Defiance County, where 4-« he lived until 1846, when became to Iowa, and lived a year in Iowa City. He then went to Washington County, and in the spring of 1856 located in Leon. He began the stud}- of medicine in Defiance Coun- ty, Ohio, and practiced several years. He served as receiver in the United States land office at Chariton three years. In I i860 he erected the Savles House, the first I hotel ol any note in Leon, and was its pro- prietor and manager nearly twenty-five years. In 1859 he was elected county judge, and served two years. He enlisted in March, 1862, in the Seventeenth Iowa Infantry, and was appointed Second Lieu- tenant of Company A, but resigned after a few months, on account of failing health. He has now retired from active business life, and is living on his farm in Woodland Township. ^OHN CLARK, of Davis City, is among j^[| the well-known pioneers of Decatur County, and was born in Paisley, near Glasgow, Scotland, September 25, 1813. His father, John Clark, was a si Ik- weaver by occupation, and immigrated to theUnited States ni 1816, landing in Philadelphia. He settled on a small river flowing into the Delaware, about ten miles above Philadel- phia. Here he engaged in a cotton factory, and two years later he removed to Western Pennsylvania, settling in Beaver County. About the year 1820 he removed to New Lisbon, Ohio, where he and his wife lived until death. Both died in the prime of life, the father at the age of forty-eight and the mother at forty-five. They left four sons and five daughters. Only two sons and two daughters are living. John Clark, the subject of this sketch, lived in Colum- biana County, Ohio, until the fall of 1846, when he immigrated to Iowa with his fami- Iv, which consisted of a wife and five chil- .* ♦ * ♦ .♦-♦.♦>; .♦: "..'♦. S'. T. ,»', .T. .^. ^. .^. V, V, V, ^, .T ,♦ <7, .V, ,*, ,* ^, .V * - 610 HJSTORT OF DECATUR CO U NTT. >!:♦] >'♦' :<•*: :♦'>■ :♦;.*: ;*.:♦: :♦'>: :♦:>: :♦::♦; ;♦;* :♦;■«: >;♦: :♦>; :♦':♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;;■»: :«■:•>: >;:*; ;*:':>: :♦>: ^'^^ >;>: >:♦. ■»>; ■«::♦: ;<"♦: >.>; :-•:«: ;<■.;■>: ;*;*: ;♦;♦: :♦;>: ;♦>: ;<-:♦: >:>f. :<•*■ >:>: y> ;■:," ;♦:.>; ;♦:>: ;♦;;♦; :♦;.♦: :<•:■»: >::♦: >:;<■: ;<•;>: :■»::♦: :♦::*: >:;♦; :♦;:♦; :■♦"♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦' :•♦;:♦; >■>; ' ■ *'. ;■»>■ :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; >!:♦: >::♦; :»::♦: :♦.;♦: ;*.:♦: ;«::•»: >.;»; ;♦:>: :♦.:* :*"♦: >:,*: ;•»;:♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;«•:*: :♦:* ;♦::♦: >::♦: :<»:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »;♦; :♦:♦: >'.^; ■*;♦; dren, all of whom are living. Two children, born in Iowa, died young. Mr. Clark set- tled in Jefferson County, about six miles southwest of Fairfield, where he lived ten years, then came to Decatur County. In Jefferson he engaged in the wool-carding and cloth-dressing business, in connection with the manufacture of lumber. The machinery was furnished by a man named Matthew Elder, in Pennsylvania, for whom Mr. Clark had worked before coming West. The machinery was operated by steam- power, and the mill was farther west than any establishment of the kind in Iowa. In 1848 Mr. Clark lost this property by fire. This was a severe blow, as all the property that he possessed was invested in this business. But through the kindness of Mr. Elder, who sent on machinery to re- place that which had been destroyed, he was soon able to resume business, and con- tinued it until coming to Decatur Count}', in June, 1856. It may be of interest to state that the mill above referred to cut the plank for the first plank road built in Iowa. The operators at the mill were the two sons of Mr. Clark, James S. and William H., who have long been associated with their father in business, and the road for which the plank was sawed was that con- necting Keokuk with Charleston, a dis- tance of eighteen miles. Mr. Clark entered and purchased in Morgan and Hamilton townships about 1,000 acres of land, one half of which was heavily timbered, much of the timber being of large size and of ex- cellent quality. Here he immediately erected a saw-mill for the purpose of man- ufacturing this timber into lumber. A small log cabin was already on the place, which his family occupied until he could manufacture lumber with which to build a more commodious residence. He pur- chased his mill machinery at Keokuk, and hauled it from that place with ox-teams. In 1857 Mr. Clark added two sets of burrs to his mill property, and also carding machinery — combining in the same build- ing sawing, grist-milling, wool-carding and cloth-dressing. In 1859 he added spinning machinery and looms, manufacturing all kinds of woolen cloths. During the war of the Rebellion the demand for his goods increased to such an extent that ten or twelve looms were kept busy. During that period this firm handled not less than 75,000 pounds of wool annually. It proved a successful enterprise, and the greater part of the abundant wealth of J. Clark & Sons was acquired in the manner above mentioned. Their goods were a source of large revenue to the Government. Their surplus funds were turned over to the Gov- ernment in return for bonds, and thus in two ways did " Clark & Sons " contribute in a substantial way to the support of the Union in its struggle for existence. The milling business was discontinued soon af- ter they started the woolen factory. In 1869 the First National Bank of Leon was organized with a capital of $50,000, of which Mr. Clark furnished $20,000, and he was president of the bank during the whole term of its existence, or until it became the Farmers' and Traders' Bank. In 1876 Mr. Clark and his son, William H., pur- chased the Davis mill property, at Davis City, and in 1875 father and two sons built the present brick flouring-mill, at a cost of about $20,000. This mill has superior water-power, and an important use to which this power is applied is pumping water to supply the tank of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. This work is done by contract. Clark & Sons have contributed largely toward the building up of Davis City, each has a fine brick residence, and they have erected, and still own, all the brick business houses in town, with one exception. Another enter- prise of public interest, and one highly creditable to the builder, was the erection, :<►.;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: > ♦: >:>: :♦;:♦; >;:«■ >::♦: >;:♦: ;<>; >'*: ■'♦:♦: ;♦:>; ;*->: .y>; ;•».;♦•; >;:♦: >;♦' ;•»:>; :> >: '»:>: •»'♦' >■>■ :♦;:♦; *'*; :■*!.♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦>; ;-^';*^ >:>. '.■■■.'»] ■>':■>: >.:♦: >.*] :•'.'*'. .■:•;♦: :♦::♦: ■*;♦; :♦♦ :♦:;♦; >>; :♦:'♦: :♦* :■>;;♦: fl..*. >.;♦; ;♦;;« >::♦: :♦;:♦: ♦>: :♦::♦: :»::♦: ;♦:•»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: .♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦; ♦::♦: '♦::■»■: :->::»: >:.♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: '■■•">: .*::♦: ;»:* >»: ;♦,*: :♦;>: >;:« :♦::♦: :♦::« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 811 .♦>! :♦:♦' :♦:>: »! >;:♦: ;♦,* :♦>: >::♦: :♦!;♦■ ;♦:»; :♦"♦: >;:♦: »: :*::«: ■ :♦::♦; :♦:>: :*::< :♦":♦: :♦.;♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::«: ;♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: io: »: >::♦: >::«: >:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; >,»: !♦>: :«::*: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦■ :♦::«. >::«: >:>; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::«! :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦::♦; »: :♦::«! :♦;:♦; :♦::«': ;♦;:♦; >::«: :♦;;♦; :*.;♦; :♦:>: :♦::« >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦.:« :♦::♦; :♦>: »:;♦: :♦:»: :«::♦: »::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«::♦: »>: :♦"« I*::*: :*:♦; :c« ♦•«•■ in 1878. of a fine brick church at Davis City. Mr. Clark built this church at his own ex- pense, and furnished it with a fine town clock. All its appointments are of the best. The cost of the church and furnishings was about $5,000. Mr. Clark has never identi- fied himself with any religious denomina- tion, but recognizing the importance of moral and religious training, he resolved to construct an edifice that should be free to all denominations. It is called the First Union Church of Davis City, and is the only church building in the town. In or- der th.nt harmony may at all times attend the use of this church by all denominations, Mr. Clark has established the following rules by which they are governed : 1st. No appointment shall be made for a longer time than five Sundays, the first and last inclusive. 2d. That no meeting be con- tinued more than seven days at any time by one society, if it conflicts with other ap- pointments. 3d. That ail appointments must be entered on the journal in order to keep their place. 4th. That all religious societies, having in view the advancement of religious and moral principles, shall have the use of the church in the order of their appointment, without regard to creed, color, or religious notions. 5th. If an ap- pointment of two or more societies should come in conflict with each other it may be decided by lot or ballot who shall have the precedent. 6th. That such society hold- ing regular meetings here, shall contribute their share of the necessary expenses to hire a janitor to keep the house in order and see to everything connected with it, and keep a record of all appointments. 7th. It is respectfully requested that the use of tobacco by every person while in the church be dispensed with, and to be care- ful not to spit on the floor, order being one of the leading principles of Christian society. 8th. It is requested that every person coming to church will keep their feet off the seats. This rule must be ob- served, gth. All appointments to give way for funeral services, loth. All regu- lar appointments to give way to quarterly meetings and Conferences. Mr. Clark was married in 1834 to Margaret C. Gammill, born in York County, Pennsylvania, De- cember 24, 18 10. Their five children are — Elizabeth, wife of James Bolan, of Mor- gan Township ; James, of Davis City ; Gris- sella, wife of James McCIaran, of New Buda Township; William, of Davis City, and Mrs. Carolme Biggs, of Morgan Town- ship. The life of Mr. Clark furnishes an example to the youth of to-day of what may be accomplished by energy and con- tinued labor, combined with the honest, noble resolution of benefiting his fellow men with a portion of the material results of a successful life. To the two sons, James and William H., who have long been associated with their father in business, is due much of the success to which this firm has attained, and while the business career of the father, almost from the time he came to Iowa, includes that of his sons, yet, a few particulars which have a more direct reference to them are here demanded. James S. Clark, the elder of the sons, was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, January 9, 1839. Like his father he is a thorough, act- ive, energetic business man. Besides his in- terest in the firm of J. Clark & Sons, he owns a cattle ranch in Frontier County, Nebraska, of about 700 acres. Two of his sons have charge of this ranch ; and jointly with William H. he has a fine herd of cattle elsewhere m the same county. The broth- ers have also a half-interest in a mercantile business at King's City, Missouri. James S. married Miss Mary McCIaran, born Sep- tember 14, 1839. They have tiircc children — Wilbert, born April 20, 1863 ; Willis, born September 20, 1865, and Alberta, born No- vember 4, 1868. William H. Clark, the younger of the brothers, was born July 5, ♦ ■»■ :-!:: ♦ :♦; 'm m m ► •: ^-♦; *A !»::«> »; •♦«♦; ;♦> '♦a >::♦: !•'>: :♦>: :♦;:« :c*; »: •»;:« :•::♦: ;♦::♦; ♦?« :♦::•« :♦:>' »; .*:«(• :c« ;«♦; :♦;:« »;:« »: >;;♦; :♦::♦ :«:« »: m >:;♦; !».»: :♦:;*• :♦::« :♦:* :«:« :♦;;« :♦"■♦: >::♦: :♦:« »::♦:>: :♦;:♦;:♦: , :♦::•« :«>: m ;♦;:♦: m :♦:;•« :♦::« >:;■« :♦;;■« :♦"« »^« :♦"♦; m :♦::« :♦::« »:« ;♦::« lis 612 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. 1 84 1. His wife, formerly Miss Olive Booth, was a daughter of Robert Booth, an early settler of Hamilton Township, who died in 1885. Mrs. Clark was born in Whiteside County, Illinois, April 12, 1845. Mr. and Mrs. William H. Clark have three children — Minnie, born August 24, 1865 ; Rufus L., born October 6, 1867, and John C., born July 7, 1871. The youngest child, Mildred, was born February 12, 1882, and died September 12, 1885, of membra- nous croup. fUNIS-COLE, farmer and stock-raiser, section 15, Garden Grove Township, owns 1 20 acres of land. He was born in New Jersey, in 1843, son of Ezekiel and Gertrude Cole, also natives of New Jersey. The father died in 1853. Mr. Cole was reared to the vocation of a farmer, and in 1865 removed to Fulton County, Illinois, thence to Decatur County, Iowa, in 1873. He is handling some thorough-bred short- horn cattle. He was married in Illinois, in 1869, to Laura L. Hyes, born in Tazewell County, Illinois, in 1852. Both are of German extraction. Mr. Cole's farm is well cultivated, and he has commodious build- ings. lICHARD ROBERTS, farmer and miller, son of Richard and Hannah (Harris) Roberts, was born in Mon- mouthshire, England, in 1824, where he resided until twenty-five years of age, obtaining his early education in the com- mon schools of his native country. He came to America in 1849, locating in Hamil- ton Count}^ Ohio, where he lived one year, then removed to Burlington, Iowa, thence to Illinois, where he lived three 3ears, then came to Decatur County, where he still re- sides. He was married in McLean Coun- ty, Illinois, in i860, to Nancy Berryman, who was born in 1834, in North Ireland, and their children are — Emma, wife of C. C. Waters, of Decatur County ; Ella and Thomas, at home. When Mr. Roberts started for America he had only $200, but possessing an abundance of energy and perseverance, two necessary requisites to success, he leased a mill, which he oper- ated sixteen years, and also attended a farm. He now owns 240 acres, with a goodly portion of it under cultivation, and Com- fort, sitting in the lap of Plenty, smiles at the trials of the past. He is a man of in- dustrious business habits, and has gained an enviable reputation in society and in business circles. He and his wife and are members of the Presbyterian Postoffice, Westerville. daughter church. ■Ht=>- -cf*^ C. VAN WERDEN, physician and surgeon, and druggist at Leon, was ® born in Keokuk County, Iowa, Sep- tember 29, 1834, son of Charles and Mary E. Van Werden, natives ot Holland. They came to America in 1819, and settled for a short time in Ohio. They then removed to Keokuk, Iowa, where the mother died, in 1859. The father still lives in Iowa. They had nine sons, four of whom are living — Edward G., a machinist, living in Osceola, Clarke County ; George, a druggist in Quinc3% Illinois ; William, and the subject of this sketch. The doctor received a good education, having attended the high school at Keokuk. He commenced the study of medicine in Keokuk under J. C. Hughes, and attended the medical college of that city, graduating February 14, 1878. He located in High Point, Decatur County, where he practiced two years, then removed to Gar- den Grove, where he practiced two 3-ears. In 1879 he settled in Leon, and formed a partnership with J. P. Feenly, which con- :♦::* :♦;:♦; :♦::« >::♦: >::♦; »:;♦: :♦:»: :♦"♦: ;♦:>: s»::«i [♦:>; :♦::♦ :♦;>: ;♦;»; :♦::♦: :♦:>: »::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦':♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: »::♦: !«:♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦::« »::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: »;:♦: !»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:>: !»;:♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: »»♦: !«;« »: »::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>; >:>: »:»: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦>: »::♦: :♦;;♦: !»>: £»::« •<»>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; »: !»::♦: »;:♦; »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »:»: »::♦: »;:♦: »:>: »::♦: »•:♦: :♦"*: :♦;:♦: !»r«i :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:;« :♦:.« ;♦:;« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 613 > ♦ ♦ .♦; » «•: .-».♦: ♦ «■ ♦ ♦. ■> V tinned a year, then practiced alone until 1885, when he entered into partnership with his brother William. They are doing an extensive business both in the drug store and in their practice. Thc)' are lo- cated on the east side of Main Street, in a large brick building known as the Harvey Block, where they keep a well-assorted stock of medicines, oils, paints, brushes, and notions. The doctor was married in Leon, December 6, 1880, to Jennie L. Rush, daughter of Artemas and Rebecca Rush, born in Pennsylvania, in 1859. They have one child — Addie Marie. The doctor is a member of the Masonic fratcrnit}'. i««a£fir©l©«*-fH iqr M. HAMILTON. >ri Buda Township, r Zi:\V ,-k _ ' i _ r section 24, New p, a son of one of the $• * prominent pioneers of Decatur Coun- ty, was born in Platte County , Missouri, August 15, 1845, the youngest of thirteen children of William and Susan Hamilton, who came to Iowa and located in what is now Decatur County, before its organiza- tion, one of the townships being named in honor of the father who was a prominent and enterprising citizen. F. M. Hamilton was reared on a pioneer farm, and his early life was spent in assisting in the work per- taining thereto. His educational advant- ages were liinited, having to go from three to four miles to attend school. When twenty-one years of age he was married to Miss Elizabeth Henderson, a native of Lawrence County, Indiana, daughter of John and Delilah (Turpin) Henderson, who came to Iowa in 1854, and located in Ham- ilton Township, Decatur County, two and a half miles north of Pleasanton, where the mother died, July 1 1, 1864, and the father in June, 1884. They had a family of seven children^Moses, Jeremiah, Gincy, Tyra, Elizabeth, James K. and Aaron. After his marriage Mr. Hamilton lived on the home- stead two and a half years. He located on the farm he now owns in 1865, living in a small house, 16 x 18, until February, 1882, when he built his present story-and-a-hall residence, which is one of the best in the township. His farm contains 255 acres of rich bottom land, well adapted to stock- raising, which he makes his principal busi- ness, keeping the best grades of horses, cattle and swine. He has a fine orchard of 300 trees, and also an abundance of small fruit. In February, 1864, Mr. Hamilton enlisted in the defense of his country, in Company M, Third Iowa Cavalry, and served until August, 1865, participating in the engagements at Tupelo, Mississippi, Little Blue River, Independence, Mine Creek, Fort Scott, Selma and Columbus. Mr. Hamilton is a member of Davis City Post, No. 306, G. A. R., an organization in which he takes great interest. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Bap- tist church. LIVER C. BRENIZER, one of the self-made men o( Fayette Township, and an active and enterprising citi- zen, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Cumberland County, January 16, 1844. He grew to manhood in his native county, and in his youth learned the blacksmith's trade. He has been identified with the interests of Decatur County since April 8, 1868, com- ing West with the small sum of $8. Ow- ing to his persevering energy and good management he has met with success in all his undertakings, and now owns 320 acres of Iowa's best land. His residence and 160 acres of land are located on section 24 of Fayette Township, the remaining 160 acres being in New Buda Township, his farm being well stocked with horses, cattle and hogs. Mr. Brenizer was united in ■■ ♦. > V ;♦ ♦: > V :♦ ♦: > »■ :♦;:♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: »::« :♦;:♦: »:;♦: ♦::♦ >:>: :♦::♦: >«*; :♦;;♦: :«:♦: -♦::♦: .♦::♦: :♦::♦: :<»::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: uw. :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: %;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »•;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :-»::♦: :♦::« :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:'•»: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;■* :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: '^;<»: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦; m :♦!:♦: .*::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: ;♦::♦: ♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ^* .♦:>: ;♦"♦: >::♦: *;:♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: II ;♦:♦:. . 614 HISTORT OF DECATUR COVNTT. marriage February 27, 1870, to Miss Ma- hulda Powell, a daughter of James Powell, a resident of Osage County, Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Brenizerare the parents of seven children, six sons and one daughter — Os- car, Charles, Clarence, Marion, Melvin, Ocie and Mary. In politics Mr. Brenizer casts his suffrage with the Democratic party. fOSEPH W. TRULLINGER, farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section 17, High Point Township, where he owns 120 acres of land. He was born November 21, 1853, son of Gabrieland Elizabeth (Mass) TruUinger, natives of Ohio, who settled in Decatur County in 1855, where they re- mained until the death of the father, which occurred in February, 1885. They had eight children, Joseph being the youngest of the children of the father's second marriage. He was reared to the occupation of a farmer. He was married in Decatur County, in 1878, to Jennie Ridgway, born in Pennsylvania, daughter of Job and Hattie A. Ridgway. They have one child — Freeman L. Mr. TruUinger is a Master Mason, a member of Lodge 170, Garden Grove. Postoffice, Garden Grove. WILLIAM D. MOORE, one of the prominent and mfluential citizens of Decatur, was born in New Or- leans, January 25, 1829, a son of William and Mary (Hooper) Moore, the father a Virginian by birth, and the mother a native of Boston, Massachusetts. The father died of yellow fever in New Orleans, in 1832, and after his death the widowed mother removed with her famil}' to Washington, D. C. Of three children our subject was the youngest. He was reared in Washing- ton, and became familiar with the faces of many of the leading men of the nation. He was married in that city to Miss Cath- erine J. Klinehanse, May 31, 1849. She was born in Washington, and was a daughter of George and Susan (Marks) Kline- hanse, natives of Germany and Washing- ton, D. C, respectively, both now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Moore have nine children — William C, a business man of Klingman, Kansas; George A., died in 1883, leaving a wife and three children ; Frank A. a farm- er, living in Decatur ; Charles S., engaged in the nursery with Mr. Teale, of Decatur Township ; Mary, at home; Lunettia, wife of Fred Peck, of Pacific Junction, Iowa; Arthur, Eugene and Katie, all living at home. Mr. Moore learned the shoemaker's trade in Washington, which he followed in that city till two years after his marriage, when he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and engaged in the bo(jt-and-shoe business there till 1859. ^^ then went to Mason City, Missouri, where he received threats of death from prominent rebels, when a brother Odd Fellow, who was Captain of a Rebel company, assisted him to leave that part of the country, when he went to Bloomfield, Davis County, Iowa. On ac- count of ill health Mr. Moore changed his occupation, and opened a photograph gal- lery in Bloomfield, remaining there till 1868. He has been identified with the in- terests of Decatur County since 1868, in which year he established a general mer- cantile store in the village of Decatur, and carried on an extensive trade in that busi- ness for fifteen years, for several years his business amounting to $25,000 per annum. In 1883, finding his business too confining, he sold his stock, and has since devoted his entire attention to his farm and nursery. His farm, which adjoins Decatur, contains eighty acres of well-improved land, under fine cultivation, and on his residence prop- erty with its twelve acres of land, in the village, he established a nursery, in the v-«'.<-: >:*..»..t;.t:.*;*A»;;«.**;*.«:>..»>:>.>:*:**;»:»:>:***>:*.:»;*:*:*>;*>:>:;*:>:**:»:*.** :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; m :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: wM :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦::« >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >:»: ■;:♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 615 ♦ ♦. :♦:♦: :♦♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦.♦. ;♦> .♦.♦. '♦>■ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦:♦: spring of 1883. Besidesthe property above mentioned, Mr. Moore owns other valuable real estate in another part of Decatur Township. Mr. Moore left Missouri stripped of all his property, and com- menced life in Iowa witn nothing, since which time he has, by strict and close attention to business, succeeded in making a fine property ; and through hon- esty and industry he has gained the confi- dence and respect ol all who know him. In politics Mr. Moore affiliates with the Greenback party. He is a member of De- catur Lodge, I. O. O. F. In his religious views he is a Spiritualist. Mrs. Moore is a member of the Methodist church. ;R. THEOPHILUS BRENIZER, a homeopathic physician, residing on section 25 of Fayette Township, was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, March 14, 1846, his parents, David and Mary Brenizer, being reared and married in the same State, and are still living in Cumberland County, near New Kingstown. Our subject was reared in the State of Pennsylvania. At the age of sixteen years he entered the Quartermaster's depart- ment of the army, and was in the Eastern and Western departments of the army. He was in the employ of the Gov- ernment about three years, and at the age of twenty years came West, and located in Harrison County, Missouri, where he studied medicine with his brother, Dr. George Brenizer. Doctor Brenizer was married in the spring of 1871, to Miss Mary Hiner, a native of West Virginia, born August 26, 1851, a daughter of Jacob Hiner, of Decatur City, who came to Iowa and settled at Fort Madison when Mrs. Brenizer was a child. They are the parents of four children— Lionel, Lora, Lloyd and Harry. Mary R., the fourth child, died at the age of seventeen months. The doctor came West a poor boy, but by his energy, frugality and industrious habits he has ac- cumulated a good property. He bought the farm where he has since resided in 1871, then nothing but a hazel-brush thicket. His property now consists of 300 acres of improved land, his residence and 200 acres being in Iowa, and 100 acres being on the Missouri side of the State line. In the spring of 1886 he met with a serious loss, having his fine large barn, 44 .k 54 feet, de- stroyed by fire, includmg twenty head of horses and mules, four sets of harness, a buggy, etc., the total loss being fully $4,- 000. The doctor has practiced home- opathy about nineteen years, and is one of the successful practitioners of the county. He has two brothers living in Decatur County — Oliver C, living on section 24, Fayette Township, and Winfield S., living in New Buda Township, both owning good property. In his political affiliations Doc- tor Brenizer is a Democrat. OBERT McCAULL, farmerand stock- raiser, section 21, Garden Grove Township, was born in Scotland, Oc- tober 25, 1832, son of James and Barbara McCauU, natives of Scotland. The father was a stone-mason by occupation, and un- der the eimobling influence of kind and loving parents Robert was reared. There were six daughters and five sons in the family. The parents never left their native soil. Robert attended the common schools of his country, and assisted on a farm until he attained the age of eighteen, when he immigrated to America. and settled in Cay- uga Count}', New York, where he lived eleven years. He then sold out, and re- moved to Chicago, Illinois, where he kept a fruit and confectionery store three years. He also lived in McHenry County a short •> ♦: ♦ ♦! ♦..♦;:♦»;;♦..♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ « •'.♦!!♦>..♦>.♦ :S*»**ife,S *.9.*.».».».*.» ♦■■♦ .♦ ♦■■♦■ *..♦ ♦ .♦ ♦ .♦ .♦-♦. ♦ ■»■» ♦:♦.♦ ^ •«>>„♦.* * ;* * *:> ft 16 HISTOR7' OF D EC AT U It COUNTY. :■»;*■ »1^ »"« :♦::■« ' »: »>: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦>: ;♦::« »:;♦; IP »>; time, and in 1868 came to Decatur County, where he has since resided. Mr. McCaull was married in Cayuga County, New York, to Elizabeth McDowell, who was born in Scotland, in 1840. They have three chil- dren — James L., a resident of New Mexico ; William S- and Samuel. Mr. McCaull has held the offices of township trustee, school director and treasurer. In 1880 he was a delegate to the National Convention at Chicago. When he first arrived in New York City he had just $5. He now owns 120 acres of land which he is rapidly put- ting in the best possible shape for future profit. He and his wife are devoted mem- bers of the Presbyterian church, of which he is trustee. Both belong to the Patrons of Husbandr}', or Granger Lodge. Mr. Mc- Caull has been for fifteen years a general deputy of the Iowa State Grange. In 1872, '73 and '74 he organized eighty-four subor- dinate granges in Decatur, Ringgold and Wayne counties, and is perhaps as well posted in the workings of that order as anyone in Iowa. Politically Mr. McCaull is a Greenbacker of the strongest type. He is very highly esteemed for his active pub- lic spirit, and interest in the progress and . well-being of the community. fAMES M. McKEE, farmer and stock- raiser, resides on section 17 of Long Creek Township, where he owns 200 acres of excellent land. He also owns 142 acres in Clarke County. He was born in Athens County, Ohio, in 1823, son of Rob- ert and Nancy McKee, who settled in De- catur County, in 1856, upon the farm where Mr. McKee now resides. The father died in 1868, and the mother in 1866. Mr. Mc- Kee was married in Missouri, in 1848, to Paulona Mahaffy, born in Ohio in 1826. Their children are — Samantha, wife of Stephen Little ; Clark, Hyman, Albert, Nancy, Bertha, wife of West Bowles ; Vic- tor and Erastus. Mr. McKee commenced life without a dollar, but by hard work and good management he has become one of the wealthiest men of the county. Polit- ically he is a Republican. Postoffice, De Kalb. ^ -sile- s^ fREDERICK SWAN, an enterprising and public-spirited citizen of Wood- ^ land Township, residing on section 12, is a native of Easling Parish, East Kent, England, born September 27, 1809, a son of Benjamin and Sarah (Kesby) Swan. His parents had a family of seven children named as follows — Seeley, James, Rebecca, MiUie, Frederick, Benjamin and Avis ; Frederick being the fifth child. The father was a sailor, and followed the sea for many years. Our subject spent his youth in New- ham, and at an early age began working on a farm. He was married August 13, 1837, to Miss Sarah Butler, who was born February 14, 1816, at Horsmanden Parish, East Kent, England. She was a daughter of George and Mary (Muhn) Butler, who had a family of nine children — -Mary, Eliza- beth, James, Jane, Thomas (deceased). George, William, Sarah and Thomas. Mr. Swan came to America several years after his marriage, and located in Jennings Coun- ty, Indiana, and a year later he was joined there by his wife and six children, the family residing in Jennings County till 1853. They then settled in Ripley County, Indiana, where they lived five years, and in the fall of 1858 came to Iowa, by team, locating on their present farm in Wood- land Township, where Mr. Swan entered 160 acres of Government land. He first built a log cabin, 18x20 feet, and commenced improving his land, to which he has added by subsequent purchases till he has 220 acres under good cultivation, with a good residence and commodious farm buildings. ;♦:.♦; >::♦: >;»; :♦::•« Wi :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: Wi ^% »::♦: !♦;:♦ »: »::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦! :♦::♦; :«::« :«:♦; !•;>; >::♦: Wi :♦::♦: !»;:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::■!! :♦::« Wi :♦::♦: :♦::« >*;* .<»:;♦: »::« »::« »: :-»::♦: »::♦: »::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦■ »::« [♦::* !«:« ;♦::« >;:♦: :♦>: »::♦: »::♦: :♦;*■ !»::♦: >::« :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦:;♦: >:>: »;:« £«:« !»;:« !«:♦: »::♦: »::« »::'« »::•« »:»§ »::« »::♦; »::♦: ;♦::« »;:« !•::« »:;« [♦::♦; »: 'is:ff. »::♦: »::« B/OORAPH/CAL SKETCHES. 617 ■*>: ;♦;♦; :♦.♦; >>; >>: .'♦ M !■> *'. ■♦ ♦; :♦'♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;■»■>; :♦'♦; > ♦: > ♦: :♦;♦; >::♦; >::♦; He has followed farming and stock-raising since coming to Iowa, in which he is meet- ing witli success. He commenced life in America without means, but owing to his industry and good management he has been prosperous in all his undertakings, and by his own efforts has acquired a tine property, and has gained the respect of all who know him. To Mr. and Mrs Swan have been born nine children — Sarah Ann, Frederick, Benjamin, William, George W., Mary Jane, Thomas J., and two, Ruth and James, deceased. James enlisted as a pri- vate in Company H, Sixth Iowa Infantry, and was afterward promoted to Corporal, later to Sergeant, and finally was commis- sioned Captain of his company. He was wounded at both the battles of Shiloh and Atlanta, and never recovered his health, dying October 14, 1868. Mr. Swan is an earnest member of the Dunkard church, Mrs. Swan being a consistent member of the Christian Union denomination. -»»»- -«*<• W. COFFEY, section 6, Grand Riv- er Township, and one of its pioneers, ■* is a native of Vermont, born in Bel- videre, Franklin County, November 14, 180S, a son of Samuel and Cynthia (Deals) Coffey, also natives of Vermont. When he was eight years of age his parents moved to Essex County, New York. When he was seventeen years old he went to Orleans, New York, and from there, in 1838, to Washtenaw County, Michigan, where he lived until 1856, when he moved to St. Joseph County, Indiana, and thence a year later to Warren County, Iowa, where he lived seven years. In 1864 he moved to Decatur County, and located in Grand River Township, on the farm where he now lives. .About forty acres of the land were ready for cultivation, and a plank house had been built. He now has a good story -and-a-half house, and 200 acres under cultivation. His farm is well adapted for stock-raising, having plenty of timber, and Elk Creek running across his land. It is located two and a quarter miles west of Grand River station, thus making it con- venient to a shipping point. Mr. Coffey was married in 1839 to Miss Louisa Scho- field, who died August 28, 1874. To them were born six children— Julictta, wife of Jacob Ross: Levina, wife of Henry Boyd; Samuel, Eugenia, Charles Sumner and El- mer. Eugenia is acting as housekeeper, and Elmer now has charge of the farm. In politics Mr. Coffey is a Democrat, but dur- ing the war he was a strong Union man. fAMES W. MATHER, dentist, Leon, was born in the Province of Quebec, Canada, near Montreal, March 31, 1844, son of Ralph and Ann Mather, natives of New England, who died in Canada. James was reared on his father's farm, and when twenty-five years of age commenced the study of dentistry, at Sandwich, Illinois, under Dr. Ransom Pomeroy, remaining with him two years, then located in Kane County, Illinois, where he remained twelve years. He came to Decatur County, and settled in Leon, in 1876, where he com- mands a large practice. He was married in De Kalb County, in 1869, to Lorinda Smith, who was a native of Michigan. Dr. Mather owns a business block and two dwelling houses and lots in Davis City. fll. WINGET is a native of Ohio, born in Meigs County, December it, * 1 861, a son of M. C. and Nancy (Ber- ry) Winget. He was reared in his native county, remaining at home imtil nineteen years of age, when, in 1880, he came to :♦ ♦' .<■ .♦.■ .♦ > > *i ♦ ♦ »;:♦: ;*;;♦: :♦::♦: 618 HiSTORr of decatur countt. :♦::♦; :*:♦: :«;♦: m :♦.»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦- :♦> :♦.:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :♦!:♦: :♦::*: :♦>; ;♦«♦< :♦::*: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦ ♦>; ♦;•»: ♦♦ :♦!:♦: - :♦::♦: :♦;•»; :♦"♦; :♦;'* :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >"♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: »:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: »:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >.:♦: »:♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:»: »;;♦< :♦::♦: 'nv. :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦!;♦: :♦■:♦; :♦»; :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦.:♦: :«'« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦; :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;•*; :♦;»: »::♦: »:»: :♦;:♦; »>; :♦>: Wi :«:♦: :♦"♦: :♦!:♦: ;♦>::« :♦;;♦;:♦: Iowa, and for a time was employed as clerk for William Baker, of Weldon. He was married April 22, 1883, to Hattie T. Eales, daughter of T. J. Bales, a prominent citizen of Weldon, and soon after his mar- riage located on a farm of 320 acres belong- ing to his father-in-law, which he still controls. He is a young man of industrious and economical habits, and has made a suc- cess of his agricultural venture. To him and his wife have been born two daughters — Emma and Bessie. In politics Mr. Winget affiliates with the Democratic party. -■ • — ^«ooc>^ : » fEFFERSON MILLER is a native of Harrison County, Indiana, born Janu- ary I, 1829, a son of Valentine and Elizabeth (Coppers) Miller, natives of North Carolina. He is the fifth of seven children, the others being — Naomi, Felix, Valentine, Oliver, Elizabeth and Sydney. Jefferson Miller spent his early life on a farm, but in his youth learned the brick- layer's trade, which he followed some years. In 1856 he came to Iowa, and soon after went to Harrison County, Missouri, entering a tract of wild land on section 25, Clay Township, which he improved, and afterward moved to another (arm, a half a mile distant, on sections 36 and 25, town- ship 67, range 26, making his home in Missouri until 1882, when he moved to Pleasanton, Iowa, where he owns seven- teen town lots, and also improved property. He owns 327 acres of improved land in Harrison and Mercer counties, Missouri, 100 acres being his homestead, in Iowa. He is also engaged in raising cattle and horses, short-horns being his favorite. Mr. Miller is a hero of two wars. April 19, 1847, he enlisted in the Mexican war, and was assigned to Company D, Third United States Dragoons. He participated in sev- eral severe battles and skirmishes. When ;*;:c»;»>;»;»>;>::«»r*::*:>::c*;i»r:*:*::*»x*>;;«c*>>;»;;c*;;«c^ they were three days from Vera Cruz the train was nearly lost in the mountains and chaparel. Subsequently he was at National Bridge and Black Pass, and in the siege of Pueblo, which lasted twenty-seven days, and was one of the detachment left to hold the fort and care for the sick. Scarcity of food and water caused considerable sick- ness in the camp, and they were obliged to procure the water for their horses at night. After the siege they went to the city, and thence to the silver mines. They guarded a number of pack trains of silver to the city for the English, scouting al- most constantly. They participated in the battles at Huamantly and Carniavacca, and other guerrilla fights. He was dis^ charged from the service in August, 1848, having served a year and three months. In the fall of 1861 he enlisted in the war of the Rebellion, a member of Company M, Third Iowa Cavalry. At the battle of Pea Ridge, March 7, 1862, he was wounded in the right arm by a rifle ball, and was in the hospital at Cassville, Missouri, a month. He was then given a furlough, and was at home until August i, when he was ordered to report at Breckenridge, Missouri, and from there was sent to St. Louis, and was in the Fourth Street Hospital until De- cember 19, when he was discharged, and returned home. From the 7th day of March to the 19th day of December there were thirty-seven pieces of bone taken out of the wound. In September, 1863, he again enlisted in Company E, Twelfth Missouri Cavalry, and December 29, was appointed Captain of his company. He was in a number of engagements, in- cluding Shoal Creek and Nashville. He fought all day at Campbellville, was at Franklin, and fought Hood's advance daily, from Shoal Creek to Nashville, and back again to the Tennessee River. From Nashville they went to Eastport, Missis- sippi, thence to St. Louis, Fort Leaven :ccc»>::«:*:*::«:«*::c*»:*;:*::**>::*;»»»i<*>»>>>r*^^^^ :♦::« :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«?!>: :♦::« ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;-*':;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :«♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:« :♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>; •!•♦; ;«;« :♦:•»: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :c* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: •<♦; »::♦: :♦:;♦: Wi :♦>: ;♦"♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: >:'♦: :♦::♦: :♦:!♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: >;:♦: »: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: ;♦>; :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: MM :♦:'♦: :♦;:♦: »; :♦>: :♦:>: :♦::♦; m »: :♦::♦: ;♦>; :♦>. :♦;:♦; ;♦;»; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:,♦; ;♦>: .>::* :♦;>; :♦;:« *?i ■*♦ ., ,>:.♦: :♦"♦■;♦"♦: » ♦ ♦ «■ ♦ * 4 > « ♦ :♦:♦■ ♦ '♦: :♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦'♦ ♦:»■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■«•: ■♦:,♦' :♦::♦: ♦.♦' :♦:*: '♦::♦: *♦'. :♦:♦] :♦:.♦: ;♦::♦: ♦::♦: ♦"♦: :♦::«: :♦;:♦: :•::♦: '♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::*: »::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: ♦ * .♦..♦. ;♦:>! ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: »: >;* ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: * * ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦: ♦;♦: ;♦'♦ '♦,>: '♦ ♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 61» worth and Omaha ; up the Loup Fork of Platte River, and north to Powder River, in Montana, then up Powder River 200 miles, and thence to the old California Crossing on Platte River, to Fort Laramie, and Fort Leavenworth. In their travels they went a distance of 1,300 miles where there were no white settlers. They were mustered out at Fort Leavenworth in 1866, and Mr. Miller returned to his home in Missouri. Although apparently healed when he re-enlisted the wound in Mr. Miller's arm broke out in 1880, and is still a running sore. He was married October 18, 1849, to Miss Cleopatra Scott, a native of Crawford County, Indiana, daughter of Martin and Elizabeth (Samuels) Scott. They have eight children — Albert W., Franklin P., Eliza Ellen, Henry M., C. Eveline, Hattie A., J. P. Sheridan and Amintas H. : I LLI AM J. STOUT, a farmer, resid- ing on section 33, High Point Town- ship,whereheownssixty-si.\andtwo thirds acres of land, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, September 22,1816, son of George and Phcbe (Rigg) Stout, natives of Tennes- see and Ohio respectively. In 1818 they removed to Ilinois, and in 1836 they came to Iowa, settling in what is now Jefferson County. William came to Decatur Coun- ty in 1854, and settled one mile north of Leon, where he owned 400 acres of land. He also owned the land where a part of Leon now stands. He built the first woolen factory at Leon, and operated it three years, employing seventeen hands the last two years. He also owned a saw and grist-mill one half mile from Leon. He has seen the prairie fires burn over the ground where a portion of Leon now stands. Mr. Stout was married in Jeffer- son Count}', in 1839, ^'^ Lctitia Seers, daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth Martin Seers, natives of Kentucky. She was born in Howard County, Missouri, in 1823. Their children are — Sarah, wife of T. Mor- ris ; Anna, wife of William Moorhead : John A., Daniel, and Susan, wife of Henry Skinner. Mr. and Mrs. Talleyrand Morris have three children — Fred, Pearl and Hugh. Mr. and Mrs. William Moorhead, have five children — Jesse J., Mary J., Rhoda L., Eva and Gracie S. Willie is deceased. John A. married Mary McKcnan, and their children are — Edith M., James M., Hathrun, Roy and Orrey. William is de- ceased. Daniel married Mary Skinner, and they have three children — Estella, Lenard R. and Hellen. Allie, wife of Mar- shall Skinner, has two children — William and Oren H. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Skin- ner have two children — Marshall and Letitia A. Himself and wife are members of the Brethren church, sometimes called Dunkards, of which he is an elder. One of their daughters came near losing her sight a few years ago. After expending a good deal of time and money in the effort to restore her eyes he found a remedy with which he succeeded in entirely cur- ing them. He has since cured a great many very bad cases where physicians have failed, which makes him a very use- ful man in the neighborhood. iHARLES W. BARR resides on sec- tion 17, Morgan Township, where he has lived since April 2, 1868. He purchased 135 acres of land, where a small frame house had been partially built, and about fifty acres were under cultivation. He has increased his land to 240 acres, and 160 is in a good state of cultivation. The remainder is timber land. He has thirty acres of white oak, fifteen of which is of large size. He also has consitlerahle black ♦ ♦ » ♦ ♦ ♦ * + ♦ ■> • ♦ ♦ ;♦ :♦ ♦, .♦.♦ .♦,♦ .♦.♦. :♦.:♦: '♦♦ 620 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTr. »::« »::« ' »x« »'« »>: »"« »>: »i« »::« >"♦; ;<»:;♦: !»;:♦: ;♦:;••> :♦:;« >::♦! :«>: :♦>: ;♦:;« »::♦: :♦:;« .«•>>: < »>: »>: »::••! <«:« »:;« »::« :♦::♦: ■ -M »::« :«:♦: »:;« :♦::♦: ' :«^ »:;♦: :«« »>: :♦>: »::« <«;« Si*, !Kk ,*::♦; , »::♦: »:« :♦;:*• »>: ♦«♦« »:;« walnut and other varieties. He built his present fine residence in 1884. Mr. Barr was born in Knox County, Ohio, in No- vember, 1843, 3"cl when quite young, re- moved with his parents to Coshocton County. He was reared on his father's farm, and October i, i86i, enlisted in Com- pany I, Fifty-first Ohio Infantry, and re- mained in the service three years, being in the army of the Cumberland. His regi- ment served in Kentucky as a part of the Seventeenth Army Corps until the spring of 1862. During the remainder of his serv- ice his regiment operated in Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia. He was discharged at Villanow, Georgia, October 17, 1864. He returned home at the close of the war. and September 5, 1867, he married Sarah Borden, daughter of Bradford and Char- lotte (Evans) Borden, both of whom are deceased. They had six children — one son and five daughters. Mrs. Barr and Mrs. Lucy Ross, of Worth County, Missouri, are the only surviving members of the family. Their ancestors were from New England. Mr. Barr's father came from Ohio to Decatur County in 1876, and is still a resident of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Barr have two children — Lucy A. and Perry. Three children died in infancy. Mr. Barr is serving his second term as county com- missioner, and in politics is a Republican. kERRY P. ORFIELD, section 26, Bloomington Township, is a native of Washington County, Virginia, born September 12, 1S53, a son of Preston and Keziah (Perry) Orfield. He was the third of a family of eight children, the names of the others being — William, Sarah, Wesle}-, Margaret J., Em mitt, Julia and John. When he was fourteen 3'ears of age he came to Iowa and lived in Jefferson County two years. The winter of i859-'6o he spent in Decatur County, and then went to Kansas, returning to Decatur County in 1873, when he bought the farm where he now lives, which contains 165 acres of land under a high state of cultivation. He has a pleasant residence and comfortable farm buildings, a good orchard, and his surroundings betoken the thrift and energy of a practical and enterprising farmer. In addition to his home farm he owns 160 acres of improved land in Riley Township, Ringgold County. Mr. Orfield was mar- ried December 20, 1873, to Miss Lucinda Mercer, daughter of John Mercer, a pio- neer of Decatur County, who, when his country called for volunteers, enlisted in the Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry, and died in the hospital at St. Louis in 1864. Mr. and Mrs. Orfield have one son — John T., born in October, 1874. •»■>- -<=«* fACOB W. YOST, farmer, section 9, Eden Township, was born in Belmont County, Ohio, in 1823. His father, Jacob Yost, was a native of New Jersey, and went to Belmont County with his father when eleven years of age, where he was reared to manhood, and married Sarah Weeks, a native of Maryland. She was reared in Ohio. Jacob W. grew to man- hood in Belmont and Monroe counties. He was married in Monroe County, to Clarinda Vanander. In 1855 he removed to Iowa with his family, and settled on a farm in Davis County, ten miles east of Bloom field, where he lived until he came to Decatur County, in 1868. Hiswifedied June 28, 1870, and in February, 1871, he married his present wife, Mrs. William S. Wilson, whose maiden name was Sarah Amanda Blake, daughter of Joseph and Margaret Blake, who settled in Decatur County in 1856. Mr. Blake lived on a farm in Eden Township, three miles south of :♦::« »::♦: :♦.:« »::♦: :♦;:« »:;♦: :♦::«•: :♦::« :♦:»: »::♦: »"♦: »:;« !»::♦: »:>: :♦"♦: :♦::« !»>: »;.« »;:♦: »:;« ;♦:;♦: !»"♦: »::♦: <»:;« »::« :♦::« :♦::« :•»:;« »::« .<»::♦: :♦::♦: .>:;♦: ;♦::« !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« !»:;♦: »::♦; k:« (»:;« li !»;:♦; l^i l^i »>; !»::♦: :♦::»: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: >;;« »::♦: »::♦: Wi :♦;:♦; ;♦:»: i»:i!K k*, S» !»::♦: !*::♦: »i« :■»:>: !♦:>; !♦;:♦; !»::♦: !»::♦: >:;♦: :♦:'♦: :♦;:♦: JtAA.» ♦ > > » ■» t ft f * V t ♦ t t ♦ t^:».jL ^Jtl^.JL t; 1 1 1 ♦ t » f t, 1 1 1 fc.»At.».t.«:>',ytvaa:a!.< BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. V. ^ > V s * .♦ »; ;♦ ♦! :♦.♦■ :* ♦: * ♦■: >:;♦; •* >: ^ «; !»*' :->,«; Eden, until his death, which occurred Jan- uary 25, 186S. Of their six children all but two are living^Jolin R., Tersa J., wife of Kimball Hickman; Marijaret, and Lovisa, wife of H. H. Mills. Joanna, the oldest, grew to womanhood, and died many years ago; Joseph Elmore, the youngest, was drowned in the Missouri River, near Sioux City, about a year after the death of the father. The father of Mr. Yost came to Iowa in 1858, and settled in Davis County, where he and his wife died at the home of their son, Jacob; the father died March 3, 1 86 1, and the mother the 19th of May following. By his first marriage Mr. Yost had four children — Amos, John, Charles and William. One child died at the age of three years, and another aged six months. He and his present wife also have four children — Eva, Harry T., OUie and Clyde. Mr. Yost owns 160 acres of improved land. Politically he is a Republican. -*>- -o*** f«?lILLIAM T. BLACK is one of the F\A% pioneers of Decatur County, he '-p^ having settled in Decatur Township as early as 1853, with his brother, David, who improved what is now known as the Covington farm, near Decatur City. In 1855 he entered 160 acres on section 6, Fayette Township, which he still owns and occupies. -Mr. Black was born October 31, 183 1, in Adams County, Ohio, a son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Dick) Black, the father born in Pennsylvania, of Scotch descent, whose father's name was David, and grand- father's, Robert, of Scotland, and the mother a native of Ross County, Ohio. They were married in Highland County, Ohio, and died in Adams County, of the same State. Of a family of seven sons and three daughters William T. was the eighth child. The daughters — Margaret, Nancy Jane and Elizabeth D. lived to maturity. of whom Margaret is now deceased. Of the .sons only our subject and his brother, David, are now living. David came with our subject to Decatur County, but subse- quently removed to Oregon, where he now resides. The bnjthcrs deceased are — Arthur G. and Quinton, twins ; Thomas, Cyrus and Isaac McCoy. The father of our subject was twice married, taking for his second wife Mary Ewing, by whom he had two children — James E. and Rebecca, the latter being deceased. William T. Black, our subject, was married in 1855, ^o Miss Ithema Ballard, who was born in Tennessee, November 11, 1835, a daughter of John Ballard, who was among the early settlers of Lucas County, Iowa. He died in Kan- sas several years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Black settled on their farm, on section 6, Fayette Township, in the spring of 1856. In 1858 they rented their farm and moved to Col- chester, McDonough County, lUinois.where they resided till the spring of 1862, when they returned to their farm in Fayette Township, where they have since made their home. They are the parents of eight children — William F., living in Nebraska; Mrs. Sarah J. Collins, of Lamoni ; Mrs. Mary E. Stingley. of Nebraska; Cyrus W., in Colorado; Melvina I., Irene E. I., Clara T. and Minnie R., living at home. In poli- tics Mr. Black is a Republican. ILLIAM D. COCKERHAM re- sides on section 17, Morgan Town- ship, where he settled in 1858. He purchased his farm of James Farrens. It first contained 120 acres, which were en- tered by Alfred Milton. He now has 243 acres. Mr. Cockerham was born in North Carolina, May 3, 1831. His father, Daniel S. Cockerham, immigrated to Polk County, Iowa, about the year 1S48, where he re- mained during his life. In March, 1853, * «. > ♦ '•"VTO"'* '"♦"•♦"♦■♦!♦♦.'♦.>■♦. ♦'♦'♦"♦"♦"♦■■V^T'*^ >:;♦;*; ;■*»: :♦;:♦: :♦.* :<■;■•: ;<>::♦; :♦:> :♦::<-: ;>:;•>: :♦:>: >:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;*; :♦:;*: :«.:♦: :♦:■•: :♦::♦: :<;.*: :•*::♦: ;♦:*' ;<•:«! :♦:;♦; :♦:>. :*:.♦; :♦::*: :«;.♦; :♦::«•; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦"»: >;?>: >;.*>: >■>>! ;♦"*: >:'♦: :♦::♦• •>::•'■■: *':■»; :♦;:♦: ■«■>' :*•:<•: >:■»: >:'«■ !■♦:*; :♦:•*: :♦;:■»: ;«•>' ;♦::♦; >:;^ :♦::♦: :<■::♦: •>;>: ■*:••• :♦::♦: ;♦;;*: >!:«; :*'>: :*::«: !•;*: ;*.*• ;•♦:»: ;♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::*: :•»■>: :*:;♦; >"•»: ■♦:♦' :♦::♦: :♦>' :».:«'j;:«:«:»;:«;c«»::«>::<«»:»:>:>"^:.>::«:i»>"«:^^ >;;<>>::c«»::«3«:«.«»:>:»:!«:«:'»:»::c>yr^^^ :♦;:♦:,■* : «22 HISTORr OF DECATUR COUNTY. our subject married, in Appanoose County, Sarah Jane Farrens, a native of Virginia. Her father, George Farrens, settled in Appanoose County at an early day, and later came to Morgan Township, where he passed the remainder of his days. Mr. Cockerham enlisted in August, 1862, in the Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and served un- til the close of the war. He was in the battle of Cross-Roads and Resaca, and later was on detached duty, having charge of a mule corral. He rejoined his regi- ment at Goldsboro, North Carolina, but previous to this time, while en route to re- join his regiment, he was engaged in the severe battle at Kingston, North Carolina. He marched on to Washington with his regiment, and participated in the grand review. He had several narrow escapes, but was never wounded. He came from the army with health very much impaired, and he now suffers from disease of the eyes, the result of his army life. Mr. and Mrs. Cockerham have two children — Will- iam F., and Laura Jane. Two sons died in infancy, and Mrs. Mary E., wife of Charles Milton, is also deceased. Polit- ically Mr Cockerham is a Republican. Mtcansi®* k4— i^SMVOTWu fAMES K. HENDERSON, section 6, Hamilton Township, was born in Law- rence County, Indiana, Mav 18, 1846, a son of John and Delilah (Turpin) Hen- derson. When he was eight years of age, his parents moved to Decatur County, Iowa, and settled on section 8, Hamilton Township, being among its first settlers. They had a family of seven children — Moses, Jeremiah, Gincy, Tyra, Elizabeth, James K., and Aaron. James K. Hender- son was reared in Hamilton Township, and as he grew old enough, assisted in the vari- ous duties of the farm. He remained with his parents till manhood, when he was married, and settled on section 9, where he lived until 1878, and then moved to sec- tion 6, where he now lives. But little im- provement had been made on the place when he bought, but now it is one of the best farms in the township. His 120 acres are all under cultivation, and his residence and farm buildings are commodious and comfortable. He has a fine orchard of 200 bearing trees, and several varieties of small fruits, all set out since he came to the place. Mr. Henderson was married March 4, 1866, to Miss Theresa Starkey, a native of De Kalb Count}', Illinois, daugh- ter of Jeremiah and Lydia Starkey. They have seven children — Aaron I., William L., Lydia M., Charles E., George F., Stella M., and Ida B. Mr. and Mrs. Henderson are members of the Missionary Baptist church. M. KING, section 29, Grand River Township, one of the respected cit- izens of Decatur County, was born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, De- cember 22, 1836, a son of James and Mar- garet (Neal) King, the father being a native of Penns^'lvania, and the mother of Dela- ware. His parents reared a family of seven children— John, Eliza Jane, Henry M., Mary Ann, James, a member of the Seventh Iowa Infantry, was killed at the battle of Corinth; Emily and WilUam. Henry M. King grew to manhood in his native State, his youth being spent in assist- ing with the work of the farm and in attending the common schools, where he received a fair education. In 1856 he came to Iowa, locating in Wapello County, where he lived three years, when he re- turned to Pennsylvania. He enlisted at the first call for troops in the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, and after serving a few months, he received an honorable dis- charge, when he returned to Wapello ;♦> ■*>■ ■»';♦: >::♦ :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: >•::♦: :♦:* >:* >:;» :♦::♦; ;♦:>: >::♦: >:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:>: >::♦' :♦»: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦! :♦>' :** > >: :>.;♦: :♦;;■»: *>; ;♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: ■*.* >■> ;*::♦: :♦:•♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;•»: :♦::« :♦;>: :♦:•« :♦:>; ;♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: ;».■•; ;*:;♦; >::*; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :»::♦: ;*:;♦. ;«;>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: > ♦: ;«:,»: *:* :> * ■*::+. ♦:>: :♦::«: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :«•;♦' :<•* .♦:*: >> >>: ,♦:♦; ;♦.:♦; :♦:♦: ;•»:♦: :> /< .•♦.;■' >:>: ;>::♦; ;♦:.♦•: ;•».:♦: :♦:.<>: .•>:*. :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦* ♦'■»::♦::♦"*;♦::♦:;♦-»:>»;;*:♦"♦»>■*-♦"♦■ - * .♦"♦"♦»:3»j;*xc*:»:>»:'»:>'>' "' *' - •^ * » .♦. .♦: .♦, .♦. ;♦. :«. :♦ ♦. ,♦. ;♦: ■» .♦: ;♦. » ;♦; ;♦, ;♦ :♦: ;♦:;♦. ;« :♦: ;♦. ;♦; ;♦: .♦>: :♦>: ;♦: ;♦ . ' 4 » >> A '■£■ A '4 A « *' '^ A '^ '.:> '^ '•I'X ^ u -t V- '•* '*' •>' V '1*' '4'' * '* «' ^ * * ♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦ :♦--♦. .♦♦ ■♦'♦ * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 638 :♦ ♦' .♦:♦: '♦:♦] -»■■> ♦ ♦ ■» ♦ County, Iowa. He re-enlisted in January, 1864, in Company E, Third Iowa Cavalry, and participated in the engagements near Memphis, and in the raids made against General Price in Arkansas and Missouri, and was in General Wilson's campaign against the rebels. He was again honor- ably discharged in .\ugust, 1865, when he returned to Iowa. .Vfter the war he located Decatur County, where he has 120 acres of good land under a high state of cultivation, and well improved, and has since followed general farming and stock-raising, in which he is meeting with fair success. Mr. King was united in marriage in December, 1881, to Miss Maria Dunbar, of Decatur Coun- ty, and to this union have been born three children — George Melvin, Tama Ann, and Clarence. Politically Mr. King affiliates with the Republican party. »t>«<5*<-.«StfH kOAH PORTER BULLOCK, senior member of the firm of Bullock & Hoffman, attorneys at law, Leon, has been a resident of this city since July, 1867. He is a native of Livingston County, Mich- igan, where he was born in 1838. His father, Jeremiah Bullock, was born in the " Old Bay State," and removed with his parents to Western New York, where he married the mother of our subject, Rebecca Dutcher, a native of the Empire State. After marriage they removed to Michigan. The father was a farmer by occupation, and one of the pioneers of that part of Michi- gan. He lived in that State until his death, which occurred December 4, 1842. His widow resides with her children in Kal- kaskia County, Michigan. Their family comprised four sons and two daughters; all are living but one son. N. P. Bidlock was the youngest son, and was reared in his native State. He received a good educa- tion at the Kalamazoo College, having passed to thesenior year of that institution. He began the study of law in tiie spring of 1864, reading three months with H. C. Briggs, at Kalam.azoo. September i, 1864, he entered the law department of the Uni- versity of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and graduated in March, 1866. He obtained his education by his own exertion, doing various kinds of manual work to pay his way. He was admitted to the bar at Mt. Ayr, Ringgold County, Indiana, in 1866, where he lived for a year, when he came to Leon, July 7, 1867, where he has since re- sided. After remaining alone six months he was associated with John W. Warner for about a year and a half, and then be- came associated with his brother, J. S. Warner, which continued eleven years, when his partner died, and the present part- nership was formed, in the summer of 1880. Mr. Bullock was married in Mt. Ayr, in 1869, to Martha Stranohan, a native of In- diana. When quite young she removed with her father, John Stranohan, to Ring- gold County. They have five children — Maud, Edward, Martha, Noah Porter and Roy. Politically Mr. Bullock is a Repub- lican of the most pronounced type. In 1872 he was mayor of Leon, and was chair man of the Republican Central Committee of Decatur County four years. fA. PRYOR is a native of Decatur County, Iowa, born May 5, 1858, a "^ son of Allen and Amelia Frances (Newman) Pryor. He was reared on a farm, and in his youth assisted in the work, thus early learning the principles that fol- lowed result in a successful agricultural life. He attended the common schools of his county, and obtained ;i practical educa- tion, fitting him lor active business life. He owns a good farm of 160 acres in Har- rison County, Missouri, which is all under ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦'♦: ♦ ♦ > ♦; ■.:>r-fi»r«!K!«!Rsiss«?aeiC«r<: »:.« :♦:;♦: »::♦: »::♦: am »;:« »::♦: <«:♦: »:>; ;♦::♦: ■am :♦:*; »::« »::« :«:« »::« »::« :♦:;♦: :♦::« !»>: :♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦>: ■ it:*: »>: »:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:;« »:;♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: »::♦: ;♦"♦: .^>: »::♦: »::♦: *;:♦; »::« »::♦; :«;♦: »::♦: »:'*: •»::« :♦::♦: %:♦: :«:;♦: :♦>: »: :♦::♦: :«::« :♦>: :♦::« :♦::♦: »rM »::♦: :«:« ;«•"« :♦:;«: :♦::« !«:♦: :«:;♦: ;♦::♦: kna !♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::«! !»:>: :♦;:•«! :♦;:♦: >♦«♦; ;♦::«: :♦>: '*••■; 624 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. a good state of cultivation. He was mar- ried February 15, 1882, to Miss Clara Mc- Broom, daughter of R. M. and Susan McBroom. They have one daughter — Lena Ethel. In politics Mr. Pryor casts his suffrage with the Democratic party. ^-^*^••-J»»^@>^^*^-»^^»tf^ Ujj|ROFESSOR ALBERT A. ROY, prin- cipal of the schools at Lamoni, was born in the Province of Ontario, Canada, August 13, 1852, a son of Abraham and Mary Ann Roy, the mother dying when he was a babe of nine months, and his father before he reached his fourth j^ear. After the death of his father he was cared for by his uncle, Charles Roy, till he was twelve years old, and at that early age he was thrown practically upon his own resources. With a firm resolve to make a man of him- self he commenced life's battle, working during the summer seasons on farms, and in the winters attended school, paying for his board by doing chores after school hours. At the age of eighteen years, hav- ing so well improved his opportunities, he was engaged as a teacher, and for two years following he taught and attended school al- ternately. When twenty years of age, in 1872, Professor Roy left Canada, and the two winters following were spent by him chopping in the woods of Wisconsin. In 1874 he attended Bryant &Stratton's Busi- ness College, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and in 1875 he spent two terms at the State Normal School, at Oshkosh, Wisconsin. In the autumn of 1876 he came to Iowa teaching school in Jackson County the fol- lowing winter. In March, 1877, he en- tered McLain's Academy at Iowa City, for the purpose of preparing himself for the law department of the Iowa State Uni- versity, but his means becoming exhausted he was obliged to teach school again before his object had been gained. He engaged in his profession at Pleasanton, Decatur County, and later was appointed assistant principal of the high school at Leon, and in 18S3 he was appointed principal of the high school at Lamoni, which position he has since filled acceptably. Thus it will be seen that Professor Roy is a self-made and a self-educated man, and being still a con- stant student he is always adding to his store of useful knowledge. March 21, 1878, he was united in marriage to Miss Emma Hamilton, who was born at Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa, December 23, 1858, a daughter of Dr. A. Hamilton, who is now living at Pleasanton. This union has been blessed with one daughter — Edith, born June 6, 1879. Mrs. Roy is also engaged as a teacher in the schools of Lamoni. J^IRAM CHASE, deceased, was born in IrM) Westchester County, New York, in *§!g 1816, son of Alvin and Ruth (Cale) Chase. He was reared to the occupation of a farmer. His educational advantages were good, and he taught school many years. He was married in Enfield, Tomp- kins County, New York, in October, 1837, to Ellen Lewis, born in Hartford, Connec- ticut, daughter of Norman and Fannie T. Lewis, natives of Connecticut, of English ancestry. They came to De- catur Count}' in 1849, settling in Garden Grove. Mr. Chase was postmaster thirteen years, and justice of the peace for six years. He also taught school there. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Chase are — James H., of this county ; Lewis, and Fanny, now wife of Fred Woolley. Mr. Chase was engaged in the mercantile business fifteen 3'ears. He died July 11, 18S3. The following items were taken from an article published in the State Leader after Mr. Chase's death: " He was for the past five years a member of the Board of Supervisors, and in that :«:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »"♦: :•»::«': :♦"♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;;♦: »::♦: »:;« :♦;.»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: w.v. :■»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: .!>::♦; :♦>; :♦>: »>: :♦:<»: »: »:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::•♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« *;♦: :♦>: »::♦: »::♦; :♦"« :♦>: »::♦: *;*; »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"*; :«:«• :♦:■♦: :♦:;♦; :«;♦: ;♦::♦: M >::••! :*■* *:;♦: :♦"♦' ;♦:;♦; :•»::♦: .♦:;♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: <♦:■♦: >::«': :♦::♦: .♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦" S^ ;♦::♦: !«■:■»: »;;♦; :♦:>: :♦;•»; ;♦"♦: Hi*: :«>; ;♦•'!»< v^j^'Tjr^^.'Tif.'^TpV'yTP^TS' y VST"?! 'I'l'"-''!-*-'' "^-TVTV? :::' ♦ ;•; ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦. >.:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ».♦; ♦:♦: .♦* ♦ ♦. ♦ .♦: ♦ .♦; ♦ .♦: ♦..♦! ♦ ♦: ♦.♦. ♦ ♦; .♦:♦: ;»:♦: >:♦: •>: ♦ '♦I ♦ :♦: :*:♦; '«'*: ♦ :♦; ♦.:♦) :♦:>: :♦:♦: .♦♦: ♦ >: ♦ ♦: •> ♦: :« ♦: y ♦. .♦ «■. :♦ ♦; •• ♦. :♦ ♦: .♦ ♦: '**. :♦: :♦: >. *. >.♦! >. * >.♦; > ♦. >, ♦: :♦.♦; :♦-♦: ;♦.♦; !♦ ♦. ;♦♦; ;♦.♦: :♦,;♦; :♦;♦. >■♦: :♦'♦. :♦>: :*♦: > *; :♦ ♦: !♦ ♦! :♦«: :♦♦: j:- :♦::♦; :♦'♦; .• *: :♦♦: '♦♦' !♦ ♦' ♦ ♦' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. eSTi capacity was highly appreciated by all parties and people, and had he lived would have been a very formidable candi- date for State Senator in this campaiijn. * * * * \\q came to this county in 1849, '^"'^ during that long residence had lived a life above reproach, and was hon- ored and highly regarded by all. He was a man of extended learning and inlor- mation, and possessed a large amount of common sense, and a happy faculty of using it." He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, but not a church member. His estimable wife lives on the home farm and is respected by all. Mr. Chase left 120 acres of timber land. L. ANDREW, one of the enter- . prising and successful citizens of Grand River Township, re- siding on section 27, is a native of Iowa, born in Des Moines County, February 17, 1845, ^ son of James and Cyrena (Eads) Andrew, the father a native of Pennsylvania, and the mother born in Sangamon County, Illinois. Of their family of thirteen children our sub- ject was the third child, their names in order of their birth being as follows — Will- iam L., Rebecca M., M. L., Phccbe L., Lizzie J., Rachel A., John N.,Lurena, Martha Lcvi- sa, Allen E., Owen L., Abraham L. and Eveline. M. L., our subject, lived in his native county till eleven years of age, when he went with his parents to Macoupin County, Illinois. He was reared on a farm, his youth being spent in assisting with the work of the farm, and in attend- ing the common schools. In the fall of 1869 he came to Uccalur County, Iowa, and .settled on his present farm, in Grand River Township, his first purchase being 100 acres of wild land. He was united in mar- riage December 5, 1870, to Miss Emerilda 43 Akers, a daughter of S. C. Akers, a promi- nent pioneer of Decatur County. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew have three children living — Cyrcne E., Thomas O. and Cary O. Two of their children, James 8. and Katy O., are deceased. Mr. Andrew has met with success in his agricultural pursuits since coming to Decatur County, and now has one of the best farms in his township, con- taining 196 acres of well-improved and highly-cultivated land, a portion of his farm being rich bottom land. His farm is divided into different lots and fields for the con- venience of his stock, and in connection with his general farming he devotes some attention to stock-raising and feeding. He pays considerable attention to his orchard, which is one of the finest in his neighbor- hood, and comprises four and a hall acres of the best varieties of fruit. He has a comfortable residence, and good farm build- ings. He erected his large and commodi- ous barn in 1881, the main part of which is 20 X 30 feet, with i6.foot posts. In politics Mr. Andrew is a Republican. He has served as township trustee, and is at pres- ent holding the office of township clerk, serving with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents. Uoth he and his wife are active and worthy mem- bers of the Baptist church, and are classed among the best citizens of Grand River Township. -^^t^^-^:- C. SPENCER, farmer and stock- raiser in Long Creek Township, re- * sides on section 14, where he owns 124 acres of land. He was born in Hcrki mer County, New York, in 1821, son of Russell and Penelope (Phelpst Spencer, na- tives of Connecticut, who removed to New York, and lived tiiere until their death. Mr. Spencer was rcarid in New York. His early life was spent on tlu farm, and he afterward followed the Erii :♦:♦' » ♦ :$ .♦ ♦. .♦ ,♦ :♦:♦. >*; :♦:♦! ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦ > ♦ ,♦:♦: ♦ ♦. .♦♦; :♦* :♦:•: ♦ '♦; ,♦ ♦ 4- ♦ > ♦ .♦.♦. ;♦.♦: ♦ :♦■ ;♦♦; :♦;•»::♦:: »::♦::♦: :♦:»: :«:♦: :♦>: *S »>: »>; :c^ >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::« »:;« :«>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :*:« li :♦>: :♦"« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :«:♦: ■*;♦: :♦:% :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »>: :c« :♦::« :♦::* :♦!:« ;♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« '*;'^ :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :«:« :♦::♦: :«:« »::« :♦::« :«w »::♦: :♦::« »: :♦::« »;:« »::« »>: :♦>: :♦::« :«:« :♦;:♦; »::« :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:%' :♦::« »::♦: :♦::♦: >"« :«:« :♦::«■: :♦:»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: »:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« »::« :♦::« >:•••:♦:; 626 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. Canal twelve summers. He came to De- catur County in 1865. He was married in Madison County, New York, in 1850, to Adaline West, also a native of New York. She died in 1862, and in 1865 he was mar- ried in this county to Lucinda Eason, born in Ohio, in 1826. They have one child — Irene A. Mr. Spencer has served as justice of the peace and held other minor offices. He is at present serving as township trustee. He enlisted in 1861, in Company F, Eighty-first New York Infantry, and served three years, but was engaged in no regular battle. Mr. Spencer's postoffice address is Van Wert. ••♦^o- — *— -<>¥i»- lAVID WESLEY SHINN, farmer, section 2, Eden Township, was born in Harrison County, Virginia, Sep- tember 28, 1823. When he was three 3'ears old his father, David Shinn, immigrated with his familjf to Adams County, Illinois, thence to Fulton County, in 1836. In 1845 they removed to Clinton County, Iowa, where they remained two years, when the mother died. The family then returned to Illinois, where they lived in Fulton and McDonough counties until the death of the father, in i860. The Shinn family were of English ancestry, immigrating to America before the Revolution. David Shinn, Sr., had nine children, of whom David W. was the seventh. He was reared in Illinois and received his education in the common schools. At nineteen years of age lie com- menced teaching district school, and taught several years, both in Illinois and Iowa. He taught in all seventeen terms. He came to De Witt, Clinton County, Iowa, and taught two terms, then returned to Illinois, where he resumed his labors. In 185 1 he again came to Clinton County, and the following year was married at Fairfield, Iowa, to Aseneth M. Reese, born in Morgan County, Ohio, in 1828. Her parents were Joel and Mary (Shinn) Reese, who moved to Illinois when Mrs. Shinn was three years old. When she was seven years old her father died, and in 1848 her mother removed to Iowa with the j'ounger children. The older ones had married and remained in Illinois. Mrs. Shinn was also a teacher. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Shinn lived in Clinton Coun- ty one year, then removed to Decatur County. They have been prospered in life, and have reared a family of twelve children, of whom they have every reason to be proud. Several of the older ones have held responsible positions. The children are — Walter C, born July 28, 1853, learned the printer's trade, with P. O. James, at Leon, and with his brother Lloyd published the first paper in Rice County, Kansas,and now resides in Dodge City, Kan- sas; Mary L., widow of Robert L. Trump, was a teacher several years, and now re- sides in Dodge City ; Otis Lloyd M., learned the printer's trade at Leon, studied law, and was admitted to the bar, engaged in editorial work several years, was post- master at Dodge City, and probate judge of Ford County. He died December 8, 1882, a few days before his twenty-seventh birthday, loved and lamented by all. He was to a great extent a self-educated man, having never attended school after the age of sixteen. He was a great student, and left a fine library. No man stood higher in the community than did Lloyd M. Shinn. He left a competence to his par- ents. Leander R. has been engaged in railroading in the West for several years. He was born February 28, 1857 : Eva E., born July 20, 1858, is a successful teacher, and resides in Ford Count)% Kansas ; Laura Alice, born October 8, i86o, lost her siffht from scarlet fever before she was four years of age, graduated in 1879 ^t the Iowa College for the Blind, at Vinton ; >;>::v. :*>; :♦;;♦; H^ :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :«::♦: »;:♦: :♦::•«; :♦;:♦; :■*::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: »: »: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::* >;;♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: *^ :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: »; :♦:;♦: :♦:;«': :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:>: »; :♦::♦: :♦::* »::♦: :♦;:♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: S»X: »>: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: !«>: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: ;«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:.«: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦;:♦: :♦ »■ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 037 :♦:.♦: ♦.♦: :♦:,♦; :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :*:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦.♦: :♦.♦' > ♦ '♦ «■■ '^. *. :♦. ♦: :♦:♦: *♦: :♦:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: ,♦::♦: :♦::•; :*■♦: ♦::♦! ♦:•»: .♦:♦: ;♦:•»: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: '*'.*'. :♦♦! '*\*'. »: ;♦;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;♦: ;♦:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦';♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦"♦; ;♦:♦: :♦::♦; ♦;.♦: *♦: »; :♦:♦: :♦:♦; ♦;♦: :♦!♦; :♦:'♦: *'♦; :♦'.♦; '*'.*'. :♦;♦: :♦;♦: :♦!,♦: >:'♦: :«:«■ :♦:♦: ■♦'■♦' :♦:♦: ;♦;♦: >:♦; :♦;;♦: ♦:♦: ♦:♦: :♦:♦: >"♦' '♦. ♦. >.♦; ;♦;,♦; >:♦: :•;;♦: *"♦: >;'♦) :♦:♦; :♦::♦; '.•"*■'. >♦; »; ♦ *'. .* *', ♦ ♦: IS a youtifj lady hijjhly esteemed for her many noble qualities of mind ar.d heart; Olive Aseneth, born April 20, 1862; Charles W., born March 15, 1864; Frank D., born February 24, 1866 ; Edgar M., born December i, 1867 ; Mills E., born February 4, 1870, and Grey A., born February 4, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Shinn are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. 5SAAC FREESE HILDRETH, son of Simeon and Sarah (Freese) Ilildreth, was born at Bangor, Maine, March 20, 1822. His great-grandfather was from England, and with two brothers fought for American indci)cndeiicc. The Freese family early settled in Maine, and farther than that its pedigree cannot be traced. Isaac attended the graded schools of Ban- gor till fourteen years of age, then moved with his father's family to Granville, Ohio, where for two years he attended the preparatory department of Granville Col- lege, now called Dennison University. He then learned of his father the cooper's trade, at Alexander, near Granville, and worked at it five years, after which he taught a select school at Columbus two terms. In 1843 he commenced studying medicine with J. S. Skinner, ot Columbus, attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia, graduated in 1846, jjiacticed two years at Shadesville, near Columbus, the same length of time at Columbus, five or six years at .Mt. Liberty, Knox Coun- ty, and early in the summer of 1856 left Ohio, and settler! at Lovilla, .Monroe C(jun- tv, Iowa. He practiced there seven or eight years, also for a time at Bellefontaine, .Mahaska County, and in 1868 he moved to Leon. Here he was employed in the drug business five years, and since that time has been practicing medicine, speculating in real estate, building, and looking after his propertv. In 1876 he built the opera house block to commemorate the centennial year, and has several fine business houses and other property in the city of Leon. He is public-spirited, full of energy and enter- prise, and is doing his full share in beauti- fying the place, being the most extensive builder, probably, in the city. His works are his monument, and will stand long af- ter he has departed. Dr. Hildreth was originally an old-line Whig, and of late years has been a Republican. He was a member of the Board of Supervisors of Mahaska Countv, and a member and chair- man of a similar board in Decatur County, one year. He belongs to the Decatur County Medical Society, and is a Royal Arch Mason, and has been high priest of Leon Chapter, No. 32. June 26, 1848, he married Miss Laura Devereaux, of Gran- ville, Ohio, and they have one daughter — Sadie, the wife of John D. Roberts, of Leon. Dr. Hildreth's drug store is one of the most complete to be found in Southern Iowa. For a number of years he has made a specialty of treating piles by the Brinker- hoof system. He is much of the time absent from home engaged in this specialty, and has met with marked success. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .ARRISON BROWN, farmer and stock-raiser, section 35. Richland Township, was born in Jackson Coun- ty, Indiana, December 29, 1839. ^ so" o' Isaiah and Gartry (Brammcr) Brown, also natives of Indiana, and now residents ot Decatur County. He came from Indiana to Decatur County in 1857 anil located on his present homestead in 1868. He was first married in 1861, to Eliza A. Young, who was born in Jackson County, Indiana, in 1843, and died November 11, 1864. They had three children — Emcline, born May 14, 1862 ; John L., born February, 1863, died « 4 ♦ > > ♦ > ♦ •>■ ♦ ♦ ■> ♦ '.■ ♦ <• ♦ *■ '■** *. > <•■ ;♦ ♦; > ♦' ;♦♦' :♦ ♦: >'♦' ♦ ♦ '♦♦' :♦ ♦: :♦•. ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ '* *'. 628 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. :♦,:♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: »>: 5»>: :♦>: »: :♦>: »>: !••;:♦; >;:♦: »: :♦>; »!;♦: !♦;♦; :♦::♦: »: »: »: :♦>: :♦;>: :♦>: :♦;>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>; »:;♦; :♦"'»: :♦>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦.:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::«: :♦>; :♦;:♦; »;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦>; »:>; »::♦: :♦::♦; »>; :♦>; »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »:;♦: »::♦: »>: »: *^ :♦::« :♦::« :♦;:♦: !»>: !♦"♦; »>: »: »;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; 5»>: »::♦: »;;♦; !»::'«>: !»>; «:♦; >::♦; »;:♦: »:;♦: »:;♦: »;:« »;:♦; »::♦; :♦::«=. »::♦: »>; »;:« »::♦; »>; »>: »:« »>: I*::* »::•< June 6, 1863, and Ransom G., born June 4, 1864. Mr. Brown was married in 1866 to Martha H. Hukill, who was born in Lo- gan County, Ohio, December 13, 1843. They have had eleven children — An infant son, born March 7, 1867, died April 14, 1867 ; Frank E., born May 7, 1868; George W., born January 23, 1870; Addie, born Octo- ber 22, 1 87 1, died May 17, 1874; Delia, born February 11, 1874, died March 17, 1874; Edgar P., born January 31, 1875; Ira E., born April 19, 1878 ; Elza, born Sep- tember 14, 1879 ! Lewis and Lewellis, born March 17, 1881, Lewis died October 27, 1881; Ollie M., born September 8, 1883. Mr. Brown has held most of the school and township offices. He commenced life with nothing but a warm heart and strong, willing hands, but b}' close economy and perseverance and good management he has secured a valuable farm of 155 acres, with a handsome and commodious residence, good barns and other out-buildings. His standing as a business man is unquestion- able, and he is respected by all who know him. fsFILLIAM BIGGS resides on section 18, Morgan Township, where he !^] owns 160 acres. The south eighty, where he resides, were entered by John Clark, who made the first improvements. The north eighty were entered by another man who made no improvements. Mr. Clark lived here until 1875. The farm is now all fenced, and besides improving the north eighty, he has cleared and improved about twenty-eight acres of the south half. Mr. Biggs was born in Licking County, Ohio, in 1844, where he lived until twenty years of age. His parents were James and Susan Biggs, natives of Virginia, who were early settlers of Licking County. The father died in 1862. The mother is still living on the homestead in Ohio, at the age of seventy-six years. There were seven children, swo sons and five daughters, six are Hving — ^Rebecca, wife of Benjamin Richardson, of Mercer County, Missouri; Mrs. Sarah C. Boyd, of Licking County, Ohio ; William ; Mrs. Philena Haynes, of Grundy County, Missouri ; James, a resi- dent of Ohio, and Mrs. Elizabeth David- son, of Macon Count}', Illinois. William is the only one who has ever lived in Iowa. He married Caroline Clark, of Davis City, and the)^ have three children — Edmund B.. Cora and Elnora. Dora died in infancy. ^Ko- -=«• v »i»;*.*:*.o;^..«..*.>-*"*"*"" :♦::♦;:♦::♦;;«:♦;;♦;:•«•;:♦;;♦;:♦;:♦::♦:.■ fAMES R. SMITH, one of the leading farmers and business men of Decatur <\i County, is one of the early settlers of New Buda Township, where he has made his home since the autumn of 1866. He was born in Lewis County, New York, April 3, 1 841, a son of Peter and Emma Smith, the former being a native of Ger- man}'. When he was quite young his mother died, and at the age of fifteen years he began life for himself. From that time till he arrived at manhood he lived in La Salle County, Illinois, where he was va- riously engaged, meanwhile gaining experi- ence, and forming habits of industry and self-reliance which have been of great value to him in later years. When about twent)'-one years of age he went to Jo Daviess County, Illinois, where he was married, in November, 1864, to Miss Eliza A. Graham, who was born in Northern Illinois, in July, 1844, a daughter of Theo- dore Graham. They have eight children living— Ephraim, Clarence, John W., Theodore, Minnie, Gertie, Louisa and Ar- thur, all at home. Their eighth child, James M., died aged ten months. Mr. Smith continued to live in Jo Daviess County, on rented land till, as before stated, he came to New Buda Township, in 1866, ,, ,» , » » ,» »„♦ -^T » ;- V -^ V .. ASjKtc^'^^^^rc*;*!*:*"*"*"*:;*::*::*: :♦:>; ;♦::♦: 'm. >"♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; !♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:;*. :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦::«: >:♦: *;» ;♦:;♦: :♦;:«• .*::♦ :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:«; 'm. 'm. :«•;♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:<•( :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: '''^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:>; :♦:;♦, :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::•»: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >:>: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:« 'fCiS. :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :«::♦: ;♦;>: :♦::♦: •♦;;*j :♦;.♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: !»::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: *;♦♦ -♦.;♦;;♦; .♦.♦. *♦: :♦.♦; ;♦♦: :♦. ♦: ♦. ,♦: »: ;♦::♦: ;♦:♦; »: :♦♦: :♦;♦; ♦:.♦: .♦>: <»::♦: »:.♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >:,♦: :♦:,♦: .♦;•♦: »:>: >;:♦: >:;♦: :♦:♦: »: ■»;♦: :♦:♦: :♦>: ;♦;:♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: ■ :♦::♦: :♦;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; >:.♦: >:♦; >::♦: ;♦;■♦; :♦;:♦: •»:;♦; !♦;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;♦: >:♦; >::♦: •♦:♦: ■•:.♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: >:♦; '♦:♦: ■»:♦: ;♦:♦; ;♦;♦: .♦:♦: ;♦:♦: !♦>: »; »: ;♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ > ♦ ♦. '.*.*'. :♦:.♦; ■»;♦; :♦::♦: >;♦) ;♦;* :•:;♦: »: ♦:♦; »; :♦;♦; '♦;:♦; !♦:♦; ^« :♦:♦: i > ♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. U3S when he purchased i6o acres of his pres- ent property. To liis original purchase lie has been able to add from time to time till he now owns 900 acres all in one body which is undoubtedly the best farming land in New Buda Township. He also owns a farm of 320 acres of land in Bloom- ington Township. Mr. Smith has been dealing in stock for the past twelve years, buying and shipping largely to the Chi- cago markets, this business amounting to about $50,000 per annum. In politics Mr. Smith is a Republican. He was elected a member of the Board of County Supervisors in 1885. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Davis Cit}' Lodge, No. 375. « • 0000 c : I fAMES T. ROGERS, section 9, Hamil- ton Township, is a native of Lawrence County, Indiana, born October 30, 1839, a son of Adenston and Nancy (Ford) Rog- ers, natives of Virginia. His parents were married in Kentucky, and subsequently moved to Indiana, where they lived the re- mainder of their lives. They had a family of nine children — William, Jane, John, Lillie, Margaret, JamesT.,Nancy, Catherine and Isaac P. James T. Rogers was reared in Indiana, receiving his education in the schools of Jackson and Hendricks counties. His parents moved to Jackson County wiien he was young, and thence to Hen- dricks County when he was sixteen years old, and he was living in the latter county at the breaking out of the late civil war. July 30, 1862, he enlisted in Company K, Seventieth Indiana Infantry, and served three years, participating in many hard- fought engagements. At Resaca his regi- ment was in the front line of the charge, and captured four pieces of artillery. They were at the battle oi Kenesaw Mountain, the taking of Atlanta, and with Sherman on his march to the sea. After his return from I the war he lived in Hendricks County un- til 1869, when he moved to Decatur County, Iowa, and bought eighty acres of land in Hamilton Township, to which he he has since added forty acres. His land is all under cultivation ; he has a pleasant residence and good farm buildings, a good orchard of 150 trees, and a quantity of small fruit, of different varieties. Heisone of the enterprising and prominent citizens of his township, where he is held in high esteem by all who know him. In politics Mr. Rogers affiliates with the Greenback party. He has served three years as as- sessor, and also as trustee, and a member of the School Board. He and his wife are members of the Seventh-Day Advent church. He is a member of Davis City Post, No. 306, G. A. R. Mr. Rogers was married August 12, 1857, to Priscilla Strick- land, a native of Hendricks County, Indi- ana, daughter of George T. and Elizabeth (Moore) Strickland. They have a family of eight children — Jolin \V., James H., Frances Ann, George T., Isaac Newton, Margaret Ellen, Marietta and Martha Jane. Three children are deceased — the eldest — William A., Jeremiah and Elihu. G. BUFFON, retired farmer, lives on section 1 1, Garden Grove Town- >* ship, where he owns 320 acres of land. He was born in Rhode Island, in 1809, son of Richard and Mary (Batt}') BufTon, who lived and died in New York. Mr. BulTon was reared on a farm, and assisted in running a saw and grist-mill. He has been twice married. The first time he was marrie,«■: ♦:♦: ♦ .♦, ♦■ ♦: .- >. ♦ ♦' ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦: .♦ »: ♦ «i ♦ «i ) •: ♦ .♦. *♦; *■* *■ ♦! ♦,;«i .♦:■« .♦* .< * .«■♦; .■v.«i > *: '- •* » ♦; ■ «« ' «i ♦ ♦; ♦ .♦,.♦::♦>>♦ ♦■♦■»7iir4-» ♦.♦:;♦.:♦»'♦ .»..♦, >::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >;>: :♦::«: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::'€ :♦:>; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: *.:♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: >:;♦; >:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« >::♦; :♦:»: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::«: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦!:♦: :«»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: >::«: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦« :'«^»: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: »::« :♦::«: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »::« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«;« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:>: :■»:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: »::« :♦::« »>; ;♦::♦: :♦.:>: •*■*■ V ♦" '♦" '♦' '♦" ♦! '♦' '♦" ♦' ♦ * '♦■■ ■» io V <►«;♦,*,♦ ♦ ♦. .♦. V, ,♦ .f. ♦. .♦. .«'. ?►. ♦. ♦. * * .♦. * * ♦. .♦. .t .*. ♦. .» .T .♦. .♦- .»- .». .♦. ♦. ■▼-.•». .♦..»■. .^. .^. .♦. .♦- .^- .♦. :». .•». .». .*- .*, .♦. .♦- .♦, .♦, .♦, .->.*>,?, *•■♦• 630 HISTORr OF DECATUR COUNTT. :*>; (Macy) Kindel. She has three children — William, Joseph and Esther, wife of Eugene Alexander. Mr. Buffon has held the oflSce of justice of the peace several years, and was postmaster ten years. Himself and wife are members of the Presbyterian church. He came to Deca- tur County in 1863. -J>t>i^^f<5«fH .ADISLAS EDWARD ZICHY, Count of Austro-Hungarian Empire, farmer and stock-raiser, section 36, Garden Grove Township, was born in Hungar}-, 1830, son of Ladislas, Count Zichy, Chamberlain of the Emperor and Marie, Countess Szechenyi. He traces his ancestry back to the first Count, Ste- phen Zich}-, in 1600. He immigrated to America in 1875. In 1879 '^^ ^^^^ married to Mary Knapp, who was born in Ohio, in 1850. The}' have four children — Marianne, Margit, Aurelie and Elsie. Postoffice ad- dress. Garden Grove. 5r^;?ILLIAM A. KErCHUM has been t )/\p superintendent of the Decatur l^"^jfeS Count)' Farm since 1880. He has resided in the county since 1867, at which time he settled in Garden Grove. He was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, in 1826, where he was reared to manhood. When he was about nine years of age his father, Daniel Ketchum, died. He was married in 1852, in Louisville, Kentucky, to Luc}' Watkins, also a native of that State. In 1856 they removed to Appanoose County, Iowa, where tiic}^ settled upon a farm. In the fall of 1862 they moved to Mahaska County, thence to this county, in 1867. An older brother, Calvin, came to Appanoose County, in 1853 ; in 1863 he enlisted in the Thirty-sixth Iowa Infantry, and died at Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1864. His mother and a younger brother came in 1857. Mother has since died at the home of her daughter, Keziah. Benjamin now lives in Appanoose County ; a sister, Mrs. Keziah Taylor, lives at Mount Pleasant, Henry County. Mr. and Mrs. Ketchum have three children — Coline M., a railroad agent in Milo, Iowa; Oscar S., agent at Darling- ton, Missouri, and Charles B., at home. The deceased were — Kate, who died at the age of five years, and Virginia S., who lived seven years. -^ ->-*«- -<:«► PIERCE, one of the first settlers of Franklin Township, was born in " Vinton Count}', Ohio, March 26, 1824, a son of William and Jane (Thomp- son) Pierce. His parents lived to an ad- vanced age, being nearly 100 years old at the time of their death. They had a fami- ly of fourteen children — Richard, William, Mathew, John S., James, Gilruth, Thomas, Samuel, Wesley, Elizabeth, Margaret, Isa- belle, Jane and Sally Ann ; of these, Will- iam, Mathew, John S., Thomas, Ehzabeth and Jane are deceased. Gilruth Pierce lived in his native county until manhood, and was there married, December 30, 1852, to Miss Eliza A. Walden. Immediately after his marriage he accompanied his father-in-law to Iowa, and settled in Deca- tur County. Mr. Walden located on Long Creek, and Mr. Pierce on section 7, Frank- lin Township, the site of his present resi- dence. He bought 160 acres of land, which was wholly unimproved, as few white men had preceded him to the township, only three houses being in sight of his home. He went to work to improve his land, and also build a log cabin, and here he and his wife spent their early married life, and to- gether toiled to make a home for their family and place themselves beyond the ^;♦::♦■!♦::♦:j»:;♦::♦::♦::c♦::♦::♦;:♦::♦::♦::♦;:♦;;♦;;♦;:♦;:♦;*>;;c♦;>:;♦r*>;'*>»^^^^ :♦:>: >;;♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::«: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:>; >:>: >:>; :♦:>: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>; :«::♦: :■»>: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦';♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »x« :<»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'!»: :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >.:♦: :«:♦: :•«:♦: :«::♦: :«;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: »::♦: !«:« »>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: »>: »:»: :«■»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;« :♦:;« :♦::« »::« »;:♦:;« ♦ :♦. BJOGRAPJHCAL SKETCHES. 631 ♦ ♦. :♦>! ;♦:♦: >!>! :♦♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;* :♦;:«> >:■»; >;♦; :♦>; ;♦>: >;:* >:>; :♦>: ;♦::♦: »: ;♦>; ;♦:«; >:;♦: :♦!>; :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦>; .♦;.♦; :♦;;♦: ;*;♦: >;:♦: >:;♦; *:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: >;:♦; :«::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :•::♦: :♦::♦: '*:!*: :♦::♦: *.♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;« >::«■: :«::♦" :♦::♦; :♦:;« :♦::« >:>: »: :♦::♦: :♦.:••; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:>: >:>: :«;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« >::« >;>: ;♦.:«: >:>: :♦.:♦: :«::*: ;♦:;♦; :♦.;•■; :♦:;* ;♦:* :*::«: ;♦::♦: >:♦: ;♦♦: :♦.♦: :♦;♦: .♦:.♦; ;♦:♦: HfM :♦::♦: :'•:;♦: :♦::'•: >::•: :♦":♦: :♦:♦: :♦♦: '♦:«■; pale of want. He has added to his first purchase, until he now owns 240 acres of finely-cultivated land, a part of it being in Clarke County. He is a thrifty, energetic farmer, and has one of the plcasantest homes in Franklin Township. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order. He and his wife are members of the Christian church. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic part)'. Mr. and Mrs. Pierce have a family of six children — Joseph Byron, deceased ; Jt)hn William, Clarence Freedom, Frank Douglas, deceased ; Lou- ella and Albert Elles worth, deceased. -ta- -e!- EWIS GAULTER is a native of France, born October 28, 18 17, a son ?5^ of Loren and Julia Gaulter, both of whom died in their native country many years ago. At the age of thirteen years our subject was apprenticed to a sea captain, and for twenty-four years followed a sea- faring life, all of that time being on a mer- chant vessel from Bath, Maine. He visited the East Indies three times, and has been to China and Japan, and all parts of South America, and in fact has visited most of the prominent sea-port cities in the world. His last ten years on the ocean was in the capa- city of first mate, and on leaving he was offered a vessel if he would continue in the service, but being anxious to settle down in life he resolved to leave the ocean. For his wile he married Miss Harriet E. Morgan, in Hancock County, Illinois. She was born in London, England, February 8, 1828, but trom her fourteenth year she lived in America. To them were born eleven chil- dren — Lewis B. at»d Loren, energetic and enterprising young men, have purchased 320 acres near their father's farm, in Iowa, where they expect to make their future home; Harriet, lives in Minnesota; Sarah lives in Montana ; Phoebe and Lizzie (twins); Julia, William, Alexander, Emma and Louisa. Mr. Gaulter lived in Illinois for one year after his marriage, and in 1847 came to Decatur County, Iowa. The year following he came to Council Bluffs, Iowa, and soon after removed to New Orleans, where he remained until 1850. He then crossed the plains by the old emigrant trail, and made his home near Salt Lake City, where he followed farming till i860. He then went to Montana, and engaged in min- ing, stock-raising and general farming, re- maining there till October, 1882, when he became a resident of Fayette Township, buying the property known as the Riggs Pioneer Farm, which he still owns and oc- cupies. His residence is on section 21, Fayette Township, where he has 100 acres of choice land. In politics Mr. Gaulter is a Republican. He and his family are all members of the Reorganized Church of the Latter Day Saints. »SAAC R. ATLEE established his lum- jj ber yard in the city of Leon in the fall ^ of 1879. ^^ 's located on the southeast corner of the square, and he keeps a com- plete stock, and has established a fine trade. He came Irom I-'ort Madison, and is a rep- resentative of one of the early families of Lee County. He was born in the city of Richmond, Virginia, in 1845. His father, William Atlee, was a native of Pennsyl- vania, but resided with his family in Rich- mond for a number of years, removing thence to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and in 1857, to Lee County, Iowa. He died at Fort Madison, in 1870. He was one of the prominent business men of Lee County, and a man who was highly esteemed in the conmiunity in which he lived. Isaac R. was about t'velve years of age when his father immigrated to Iowa. He has been in the lumber trade twenty years, having (ol- ;♦ ♦ .♦ ♦ > ♦ > ♦ > ♦ ;♦ ♦: :♦..♦: >::♦: >'♦■ > ♦ :♦.♦. > ♦ ♦ *- :♦ ♦ ,♦ ♦: * ♦: :♦♦: :♦♦: :* •: :♦ ♦: :♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ^M :♦:>: ;♦::♦: h* .♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *^ :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ^* :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: :«;:♦: :♦::«! ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :«"'»: >:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"!»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;--►: ♦•« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: ^h ;♦;:♦; :♦::»: ;♦:;♦; :♦::«': :♦:>: ♦:♦; :♦::«': Wfi :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *M *H ^H :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; .♦::♦: *^ :♦:>: :♦:>: ?^* .♦:>: :♦::♦: ^* >:>: ;♦"*: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: '♦::♦: HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTV. lowed it at Fort Madison since 1866. Mrs. Atlee was formerly Miss Lucy Reynolds, daughter of Rev. C. P. Reynolds, a tal- ented and well-known clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal church, now of , Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Atlee have two daughters — Daisy and Genevieve. Mr. Atlee served in the loo-day service during the Rebellion, being a mere boy. fAMES TREANOR, sections 27 and 28, Grand River Township, is a native of Ireland, born in August, 1833, ^ son of James and Ann (Killen) Treanor. Of his father's family of seven children but three, Mary, Ann and James, are living. James Treanor spent his early life in his native county, working on a farm and attending the parish schools. When eighteen years of age he came to America, first locating in Westmoreland County, Penns3'lvania, where he engaged in railroading two years. In 1853 he moved to Belmont County, Ohio, where he lived eleven years, and in 1864, came to Iowa, and bought 170 acres of wild land in Decatur County. The same year he was employed by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, re- maining with them ten years, and in 1874 lo- cated on his present farm, which contains 320 acres of land, well improved. He has a good story-anda-half house, with an L, built in modern style, and well furnished. His farm buildings are well built, and are comfort- able and commodious. His farm is divided into different fields for the convenience of his stock, and is well watered with running streams. The natural timber affords shel- ter and shade in cold and hot weather, and taken altogether his farm is one of the best in Southern Iowa, for the business in which he is engaged. The success of Mr. Treanor is the result of his own industr}' and good management, as when he landed in America he was a poor boy without friends, but went bravely to work, and whether work- ing for himself or others has been faithful to his trusts, and is now one of the pros- perous stockmen of Southern Iowa. He was married September 21, 1856, to Eliza Jane Holland, a native of Belmont County, Ohio. To them were born eight children, but six are living — Hugh B., James W., Simon P., John P., Mary Jane and Louisa Ann. Mrs. Treanor died August 12, 1884, and July i, 1885, Mr. Treanor married Mrs. Lizzie (Laughrin) Gore, widow of Dr. Gore, of Osceola, Iowa. She is a native of Lucas County, Iowa. By her marriage with Dr. Gore she has three children — Susie, Harry and Hattie. P. SWOPE, section 27, High Point Township, was born in Huntingdon '■^i County, Pennsylvania, September 28, 1818, a son of David and Mary (Buck- ley)Swope, natives of Pennsylvania, where they lived until their death. Mr. Swope's father was of Welsh descent. His mother of German and Irish. Mr. Swope was reared on a farm, where he remained until he was twenty-two years of age. He then learned the carpenter's trade. In 1866 he removed with his family to Edgar County, Illinois, and in the fall of 1869 came to De- catur County, Iowa, and settled in High Point Township. When he settled upon his land there were thirty acres under fence, and twenty acres in cultivation, and a log dwelling house. Mr. Swope was married in Pennsylvania, in 1847, to Margaret Clark, daughter of James and Elizabeth Clark, natives of Delaware and Pennsylvania. Her father was of English, and her mother of Irish descent. Mrs. Swope was born in Pennsylvania, July 25, 1825. Their chil- dren are — Mary J., wife of John F. Hitch- cock, has eight children ; Cecilia A., wife ^"♦■♦:*>:>:*:*:«>::*::c«::s*rc»>-»;;»::'»;;*:*>::*"«^ '« :<::* > :*"♦: ,»,:♦: ;♦;;♦: :«::♦: >:;••; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: KM :♦:♦; :♦!;♦ :♦::♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:* >:>: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:* ;♦:;♦: >::♦: >:>: >::♦: :♦"♦; :♦:.«: :♦::< ;<»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«>:♦: :♦::♦: Win :«:;♦: :♦::♦: 'fi'M :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦>: w.v. :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::■« :♦::« :♦"'« ■»:!»i :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;»: >::♦: :♦::♦: MM MM MM MM MM :«::♦: :♦;>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::* MM MM :♦::♦: MM MM MM :♦;:♦; :«:'^: :mmm ♦,♦. »:♦: !»::«': <»:'« »::•: »>: »::♦: !•>: ;♦:>: ;♦:>: :♦:>: ♦:;♦: !»:♦: ;♦::♦: >:>; >:>: :♦.:«: !»;:♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; !»::♦; !»:>: !»;:♦: :*r« :•:;♦: •♦:>: ;♦:♦: ■♦.♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■♦: ■»:'♦: '•■'♦: «►:♦■ :♦' ♦' >::♦: :♦"♦: ■»:♦: *::♦: ♦:♦: ;♦:♦: ;«::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; !»::♦: :♦::♦; »: !•;:«: :♦:♦: ;*;>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: ;*'♦: ;♦:* :♦"♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: !^* »;:♦: »r»; !»;:♦: !»::« !»;:♦: *::♦: !^ ;♦::♦: »;♦: :♦:* ;«::*; !»':•: !♦::♦: >::♦: »: iJ^ ■*♦: »: >'♦: >■ «'. > ♦: > ♦: ;♦♦: >" ♦: »; :*♦: > ♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. U83 of M. L. Kendall; Cambriclf^c G. mairied Emma J. Bevcrs; Calvin P.; licllc, wife of Elias King, of Woodbury County, Iowa ; William J., of Missouri; Sabina, Ella, Har- riet, Fannie, Edward J. and Dilla E. Mr. and Mrs. Swopc are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church, and in politics he is a Republican. ■•♦lo- ^i*^ fOSEPli BRO\V\, farmer and stock- raiser, resides on section 35, Richland Township, where he owns 190 acres of land. He was born in Jackson County, Indiana, in 1824, son of Joseph and Elizabeth Brown, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Ken- tucky. They both died in Indiana. Mr. Brown received his education in the sub- scription schools, there being no public schools at that time. His home influences were favorable, and the principles early in- culcated had their effect in after life. He taught school four terms in Indiana. Mr. Brown relates an interesting though pain- ful incident of pioneer life in Kentucky. His maternal grandfather, assisted by his children, while making maple sugar was attacked by two Indians, one of whom caught the daughter and scalped her. The brother, who was trying to escape, was pursued by the other Indian. The boy was accompanied by two large dogs. They had succeeded in gaining a position on the opposite side of a high, steep bank, when the Indian leaped the bank, when he was caught by the dogs ere he had fairly landed, and instantly killed. Mr. Brown came to Decatur County in 1853, and the same year he settled upon the (arm where he now resides. He entered 200 acres of land from the Government. There was a log cabin on the place, in which he lived three or four years, and then moved into his present comfortable residence. I Ic has good barns and other out-buildings on his farm. He was married in Jackson County, Indiana, in 1849, to Huldah Young, daughter of John L. and Judah (Goldsmith) Young, born in Kentucky, in 1828. Her parents were natives of Kentucky, the father of German-English ancestry. The children of Mr. and Mrs Brown are — Sarah J., wife of Abner Warrick, has five children — Su- san, Henry D., Wesley, Isaac N. and Mary ; Henry H.; Isaac N. married Sarah Mc- Connell, and they have one child — Carrie M.: Joseph, now living in Colorado; John P.; Laura, wife of William P. Uukcr, has one child — Effa ; William H. and Andrew J. Mrs. Brown's father served in the war of 1812, for which he received a pension. After his death his wife drew the pension during her life. When Mr. Brown started out for himself he had only S300. He now owns one of the best farms in the county. He is personally very popular, and has served as justice of the peace ten years ; has also been township clerk and school director several years. Politically he is an ardent supporter of the Democratic parly. He and his wife are prominent members of the Baptist church. They are generous and charitable, and judiciously give of their means for the support of benevolent insti- tutions. -{3 «sCfe-« CS- ENTON BARR resides on section 18, Morgan Township, where he set- tled in 1875. About thirty acres had been improved when he purchased it, and most of the buildings had been erected. His farm contains lOO acres, twenty of which are timber land on section 19. .Mr. Barr is also engaged in the mercantile business at Spring Valley, in Hamilton Township, and he is also postmaster at that place. He was born in Knox County, Ohio, in 1845, and came from Ohio to De « ♦ ♦ ♦ !♦.'♦: !♦•! »:♦' >>; .♦:♦ >> :♦ :♦, ;* '♦ > ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦♦ ♦ ,♦ :♦ ♦, .♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ •* <■ ♦ ♦ ,♦..♦ :♦>- :♦♦. :♦.♦ ♦ > ♦ ♦ .» • >. >. :♦ ♦ .♦;♦ ♦ ♦, • « >;♦; :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .« » ,♦♦: >♦' :♦> > ♦ >'♦ >>. >.:♦. :♦.:♦. ;♦."♦: .♦.♦. :•♦ :♦ ♦ ;• •' :♦ ♦ :♦:♦. :♦;♦. ;♦;♦, > ♦. :♦ ♦ .♦ ♦ .♦ + ;♦* ;♦,♦, ♦ ♦ :♦,:♦; :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ * ♦ ;♦♦: ♦ :♦■;♦;:♦';♦::♦:>::♦;:♦: ♦ ♦.;♦.;♦:;♦.:♦;;♦::♦;;♦_♦:.♦ ■ ♦;:♦;: ♦; .♦:.♦; :♦:»: mn :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::« :♦::♦: »:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: »r« ;♦>: ;«:« :<«»: :♦>: :♦::♦: »::« »: »: »>: ;♦::« :♦:;♦: ' ;«:« :♦::« :♦:;♦: v;<»>: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: »::« »::♦: *«* :«« :♦:!♦: :♦::« :«:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;« :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ^* »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »:;« :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; MM :♦::♦: %:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•« :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:*. 634 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. catur County in 1868. His parents were Robert and Susan Barr. He took charge of a flouring-mill three years after coming West, in Mercer County, Missouri. He was then engaged exclusively in farming until he engaged in the mercantile trade, in the spring of 1885. He married Jose- phine Rudibaugh, daughter of G. W. Rudi- baugh, and they have two children — Greta and Hattie. J^AWKINS JUDD was born in Weatherfield, Vermont, October 27, 1802. He came West to Pike Coun- ty, Illinois, when he was a j-oung man, to take up the hardships of a pioneer life. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk war, for whicli he received a bountv of 160 acres of land. After the war he was elected school commissioner, and he entered the land that is now the site of Pittsfield, Pike County, Illi- nois, and took an active part in organizing the town in its first settlement. December 29, i84i,he was married to AlmiraO. Pettis, the daughter of Stephen and Olive Pettis. Mr. Pettis was a soldier and Colonel in the war of 1812, at that time living in New York State. After the close of the war he, with his family, moved to Pike Count}', Illinois, and was one of the earl}' settlers of that county. Mrs. Judd lived in Pike County from her eleventh year until the spring of 1854, when Mr. Judd and his family, of wife and five children, moved to Franklin Township, Decatur County, Iowa. The children were — Newton, Oscar, Stephen, William and Mary J. One year after coming to Iowa another son, Allen, was born. Mr. Judd had lost his health in Illinois, and removed to Iowa for a change of climate. His health improved, and he went into the business ol buying and sell- ing land on time and helped many to get homes in the beautiful State of Iowa. When the land office was closed in Chari- ton, Iowa, and his sons were old enough to help him he settled down to farming, and at the time of his death had a fine home- stead of 600 acres. He gave his children land for farms, or the money with which to get themselves homes, his wish being to have his family settle near him, but Stephen and William chose their homes in the State of Kansas, in Bourbon County, where William is still living. Stephen died in September, 1873, aged twenty-six years. The otiiers live in Iowa, near where their parents first settled. Allen, the youngest of the family, is an Episcopal clergyman, of Oskaloosa. All are married and have children, there being fourteen grandchil- dren in the family. Mr. Judd died in 1871. Mrs. Judd is still living near Gar- den Grove. — o-J3)«« — ^H?— <*-De»-o— [ALVIN JOHNSON, a pioneer of Franklin Township, is a native of Tennessee, born in 1802, a son of Will- iam and Mary (Hosack) Johnson. When he was fourteen years old his father moved to Indiana, and lived in Knox County until after the Indian treaty, when he went to Sullivan County, the same State, where he bought land, and made it his home until his death, aged ninety-nine years, his wife dying about the same time. Our subject lived in Indiana over thirty-five years, and in his youth assisted his father to clear and improve a frontier farm. After leaving home he followed boating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers several years, and at the same time superintended his farm. In 1853 he came to Iowa, and was the second per- son to enter land in Franklin Township, Decatur County. He entered and pur- chased 1,200 acres, which he at once set about to improve. He built a rough log cabin, with a puncheon floor, clapboard ;»;;♦:♦;;■»; :♦:*; :♦:»: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"« »>: »>: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: ;♦"♦: »::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::«: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:% :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: .!«;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦::« >::♦: :«"♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: Wif. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :■»::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: k:« »::♦: »::♦: »•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; >:;♦: .>:;♦: »: »:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::«: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: ■»::♦: :♦::«: ■♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦::♦>: ».:♦: ;♦:♦; >::♦ >:»: !♦::'»: :c»: »>: >::«: »:^ >::«-. :«:>: *:« :♦:>: >::♦: »: >::♦: :«:♦: :♦;:♦: >::« >::«! >;>: :♦::♦: !>:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::« >"♦: ;♦>: >:>: >::♦: :•>: >::♦: >::♦: :♦:;* ;♦::«! :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>; :*;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«! »::«! :♦;:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«': :♦::•: :♦::♦; :♦:>: >::♦: >:* :♦::♦; :«»: :♦::« »: :««> :♦;:«!' :♦::♦: ;♦.:* >::♦: :«:« :♦:»: ;♦.:♦: :♦.:♦: :«:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'Hf.V. :«»: :♦:;«! :♦::«■: :«::«': :«:.«: ;♦:<»: :♦:;« :♦;:« :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦:»: :♦:»: :♦::♦' >* BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 680 door and roof, and in this the family lived several 3ears. The country at that time abounded in wild game, and neij^hbors were few and lived miles a part. He cut the first path from his land to Leon, but has lived to see the country develop into productive farms and thrifty villages, with good roads, and to see it connected with the large cities of our country by the rail- road, which furnishes the producer with markets and enables liim to obtain larger profits with much less labor than in the pioneer days. Mr. Johnson was married in 1830 to .Miss Sarah McGill, who died in 1864. They had a family of six children, three of whom are living — Mary, Betsey and Alfred. Sarah, Joseph and an infant unnamed, are deceased. In 1865 Mr. Johnson married Mrs. Eliza (McClintock) Smith. Mr. Johnson is a member of the Presbyterian church, and in 1855 assisted in the organization of the church at Gar- den Grove, and has since served as one of its ruling elders. kERRY \VOLVERT(3N, farmer and rxi," Stock-raiser,- resides on section 23, '^■i High Point Township, where he owns 200 acres of land. He was born in Wyan- dot Count)', Ohio, December 5, 1836, son of Lewis and Margaret! Andersen) Wolver- ton, natives of Pennsylvania, the former f)f German, and the latter of English ancestry. He came to High Point Township in 1857, and worked by the month tiirce years. He was married in Decatur County, in i860, to Caroline, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth (Lea) Miller, nativesof Peimsylvania. Their children are — Libbie M., wife of Henry Canfield, of I^ucas County, Iowa, and Jen- nie C. In 1862 Mr. Wolverlon enlisted in Company A, Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry. He participated in the sicf;e of Vicksburg and Arkansas Post, and was in several other battles. He was sick in the hospital at St. Louis three uKjuths, antl was honorably dis- charged at that city. Politically he is a Republican. His maternal grandfather seived in the war of 1812. »gj3<27zraw« ••^uma;^^ B. TEALE, engaged in general farm- ing and stock-raising, on section 31, I* Bloomington Township, and an en- terprising citizen of Decatur County, is a native of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, born March 7, 1849, ^ son of Frederick and D. C. (Ham) Teale, who were both natives of England, the father born near the city of London. They came to America about the year 1843, ^^^ after living a short time in New York State, they removed to Wiscon- sin, and for some time matle their home near Waukesha. They then located at Cleveland, in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, and in the year 1855 they made their home in Jo Daviess County, Illinois. They were the parents of si.x sons whose names are — Frederick, James, Thomas, George, Eugene B. and Albert, our subject being next to the youngest. He was six years of age when his parents settled in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, and in that county he grew to manhood. His early life was passed in assisting with the work of- the farm, and in attending the district schools. During the late Rebellion, when but fifteen years old, he enlisted in Company F, Seventeenth Illi- nois Cavalry, the date of his enlistment being December 16, 1863. He was in all the engagements of his regiment, and w.is with his regiment engaged in lighting bushwhackers when he was driven from Missouri. He was honorably discharged at Springfield, Illinois, when he returned to his home in Jo Daviess County. His five brothers served their country during the late war, four of them >.♦ >* i** :♦>: ;♦;;*■ >"♦. %. :♦:>: »: .*:* »:>: :♦;>; >;:♦: ;*>; »! :♦;>: !♦:>: >!>; >::♦: :♦;;♦: >:>: :♦::♦! >.:♦: :♦;;♦: >;:♦: :♦>: >::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >,* m. :♦::♦: »: >:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦>: :♦>: »: »: :*:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :«:»: :♦::«; !*:;♦: >::♦: »: >::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:••; »: »: 'f>:f>. »: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: *:♦: :♦::♦: »; :♦-♦: :*:♦: :♦* :♦ ♦: ;♦ ♦ ;♦..♦. >.;«. :♦>: jii:* :♦>: •c*: :♦>: :c* .«;»; :♦::♦• :♦■♦ .♦ ♦ :♦♦ :♦:.♦: :♦:♦: :♦♦ :« ♦♦ :♦::♦: :♦:>: »;:♦; »;♦; ;♦:>: !»"♦: :♦:>; :♦:>: »::♦: :♦!:♦: !»!:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: »;•»; :♦;:♦: !»::«: }^* :♦;:♦: >:>: :*;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; »:>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦:>; :♦"♦; '*;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *"♦: :♦::♦: :*»; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦,:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: !♦::■»: ;♦::♦; '*:♦: :♦::*: :♦"♦: >::♦; :♦::*; :♦::«: :♦;•»•: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;•*•; !♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; *;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>; :♦::♦: >;>: :♦::♦; >:>; :♦:;♦; :♦:;*; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 636 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. wounds from which they recovered, and all are yet living. E. B., our subject, was united in marriage November 3, 1872, to Miss Martha Shill, of Warren County, she being a daughter of William H. and Mar}' (Zimmerman) Shill, who were formerly residents of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Teale have two sons — Herbert, born November 29, 1873, and John, born Sep- tember 7, 1875, and an adopted daughter, Mary, born July 27, 1878. On coming to Decatur County Mr. Teale first located in Fayette Township, coming to his farm in Bloomingtun Township in the fall of 1881, where he has since followed general farm- ing and raising and feeding stock. He has 320 acres of well-cultivated land, a com- fortable house, and good farm buildings for his stock, and is numbered among the best citizens of his township. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Republican par- ty. In 1884 he was elected to the office of justice of the peace. He is an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a member of the Odd Fel- lows order. j|ETER IMHOFF, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section 25, ^^ Long Creek Township, where he owns 240 acres of land, worth $30 per acre. He was born July 14, 1825, in Somerset Coun- ty, Pennsylvania, son of William and Glass- ner Imhoff, of German descent. He was reared in Ashland County, Ohio, on a farm, where he remained until he was twent)'- three years of age, at which time he came to Des Moines County, Iowa, where he re- mained until 1863, when he removed to Wapello County. He came to Decatur County in 1866, and has been a resident here since that time. He was married in Davis County, Iowa, to Mary E. Birtt, born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1831. Of their four children Charlie is the only one living, and is at home assisting his father on the farm. Mr. Imhoff has held school offices and the minor offices of his township. Politically he is a Republican. Postoffice, Van Wert. L. BOARD, section 27, Grand River Township, is one of the active and syi-' enterprising citizens of Decatur County, where he has lived for so many years. He is a native of the Hawkeye State, born in Marion County, December 14, 1858, a son of Milton and Margaret (Davis) Board, the father being a native of Edgar County, Illinois. His parents reared two sons — Calvin L., the subject of this sketch, and Milton A. Our subject was but a child when his parents removed to Decatur County, and there our subject grew to manhood, and received his educa- tion in the district schools of this county. His parents lived in Decatur County till their death, the father dj'ing in the year 1874, and the mother in 1876. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, has made that the vocation of his life, and by his en- ergy and industr)' he has acquired a good farm of sixt}- acres, which he has brought under a high state of cultivation, with a small but comfortable house, and a com- modious barn, 30 x 34 feet, which he built in 1885. He was united in marriage Feb- ruary 22, 1878, to Miss Emma M. Clewell, a lady of good education and rare intelli- gfence, a daughter of Robert and Anna (Neal) Clewell, of Bremer County, Iowa. They are the parents of two sons — Robert Milton and Riciiard Moses. Mr. and Mrs. Board are worthy members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. W- though but a young man Mr. Board has gained a good position among the best citi- ::«"♦"♦";♦"♦: ■»:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦"♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: .*::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;»: :♦;:♦: :«::«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:»: !»-•»: :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;>: :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦>; :♦;:♦; j^ ♦:♦: .♦;:« :♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :c*: :♦;;♦: .^"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦:»; :♦;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦"♦: :♦>; ;♦:;♦: '*>: .♦"♦: :c*: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; !♦:;♦; >::♦; :♦;>; »: >:,♦; :♦"♦; :♦;>; »: »: :♦>; >x* :♦:>; ;♦;;♦: :♦-♦; w :<♦: :♦;;« :♦::♦; »: :♦;:♦; :♦;>; :<♦: ;♦;:♦; :*::♦: :♦"♦: KM :«.« :«;« :♦::« k;« :♦:;♦: ;♦>: :«:« »:;« :«;« !»: »:»; :c*: ;♦:;« :♦::♦: k:« !»>• :c*: >::•: :♦:;« »::« »::«: »::« :♦;:* :«■* <»>: :♦:;« :♦"*: :♦::« .<•:»; :♦::« !»:'♦: :«;«: :♦:;♦: »::♦: !»::'»; ;♦;<»: »:»: ;♦:;♦: !^* ;♦:*; :«% »:<»: »::♦: :♦"*: !»::♦: ;*::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: »:;♦: »:k !♦::♦: »>; :♦::♦: :♦>: :«:*: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::*: ♦:*; !»::♦: »::♦: :♦;>: »;;♦: :*::♦: »;;♦: :♦>: »h»: :♦"♦: v.v. ^ m i BIOGRAPI{lCA I. SKE TCIIES. 687 zens of Grand River Township, where he is much respected by all wlio know him. Our subject's grandfather, Calvin L. Board, was of German ancestry. He was one of the pioneers of Decatur County, where he resided many years. In 1883 he removed to Rice Countv, Kansas, where he has since made his home. fACOB BAKER, deceased, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, Septem- ber 20, 1820, son of Jacob and Mary Baker. In 1852 he went to California, where he remained until 1861. He was married in Davenport, I')wa, in April, 1862, to Mary C. VVorden, daughter of John and Margaret Worden, and they have two chil- dren — Mina and William. At his death Mr. Baker left 160 acres of land. Hi-* es- timable wife resides on the homestead. Her grandfather lived to be 104 years old. Mr. and Mrs. Baker have always held high places in the community. [AMUEL A. HAMILTON, (urniturc- YJ^\ dealer at Leon, engaged in business here in 1880. He is one of the early settlers of this part of Iowa, having settled here July 17, 1857. He bought a claim of forty acres in Bloomington Township, and 160 acres adjoining it on the west in Ring- gold County. He lived on that land one year, then exchanged it for a partially-im- f)roved farm in Ringgold County, about three miles south of his hrst location, where he lived about three years, then sold and removed to Leon. He was en- gaged in driving stage between Leon and Mt. Ayr, five years, and on the completion of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, was engaged in carpenter- mg for a number of years. Mr. Hamilton was born in Sibley, Shelby County, Ohio, in 1831, son of Joseph and Mary Gamble; the latter died when Sam- ucl was four years of age, and the former when he was thirteen. After the death of his parents he was reared by his grand- parents, near Xenia. Ohio. In 1854 he was married in Randolph County, Indiana, to Miss Sarah J. Bolen, a native of Greene County, Ohio, and they settled here in 1857, as before mentioned. They have three children — John ()., Byron F. and Fred P. The oldest was born in Ringgold County, and the others in Leon. Two children are deceased — Joseph, aged three weeks, and Mary Ellen, aged twt) years. Mr. and Mrs. Hainilton are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. -t3- -E>- AMSON HINES resides on section 4, Morgan Township. He owns ninety acres, forty of which are on section 33, Woodland Township. He purchased and located here in the (all of 1865. But very little improvement had been made. A log cabin had been built, which Mr. Hines re- paired and occupied until he built his present residence. Mr. Hines was born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, in 1825. He was reared and married in Pcnnsvlvania, and removed to Gallia County, Ohio, in 1856, where he settled upon a farm. Pre- vious to his enlistment in the war of the Rebellion he took part in repelling the Morgan raid in Ohio, and afterward had charge of a train of army supplies in West Virginia. In August, 1864, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Seventy- ninth Ohio Infantry, and served until the close of the war. When the companv was organized he was made Orderly Sergeant, and served in that capacity until dis- charged. His regiment was assigned to the Twentieth Army Corps, but did not reach ^ »;« :♦:« :♦:« *;■«■ »:;« :♦:« »::« :♦::«! %% ;«:« »:»: ■fCHk :♦::« »::« :♦:* .V:'« :♦::« :♦:*■ !«;« :♦:« ;♦"•* :♦.* :♦>: :««! »::« :♦::« :•::«! :♦::« :♦::«! :*"♦: ;«>: :♦>: *:•[ :♦:;«: :♦"*■ 'ft:*. .'•"'is :'•"♦: :♦:* :«:« :** »:'« fi:. .♦;:<£ i ♦.:♦ :♦:♦: :*::*:*;*::c«*;:*;;*::C'»::*r*::«:*»»>>::cc««»>;:*^^ 638 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. ■;■.<•: :♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: ;*:♦■: :♦:;«: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;*>; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦•: :♦;>; >::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:*: ■>■;>; >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ,*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:■♦: *:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ■•:;♦; *;♦: :♦:!♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;>; ;«::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :•»"♦: :♦:;♦: *::♦: :*::♦; :♦:»: >:■*; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;.♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:>; :♦;;♦; ■;♦;:•; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦; !♦:;♦; >:>; :♦.■■♦: ,♦:'♦: Atlanta in time to join Sherman in his march to the sea, and consequently, joined General Thomas at Nashville, and partici- pated in the battles with Hood. He re- mained at Nashville until the close of the war. Mr. Hines has been twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth Humes, whom he married in Pennsylvania. She died in Ohio, previous to the war, leaving two children — Mary Emma, wife of J. R. Evans, of Wayne County, and David F., of Wood- land Township, Decatur County. For his second wife Mr. Hines married Julia Rat- kin, and they have four children — William M., John H., Sarah and George J. Politic- ally Mr. Hines is a Democrat. ? c : ■ l^jOBERT TURNER, one of Fayette Township's enterprising agricultur- ists, resides on section 21. He was born in Berkele}' Count}', Virginia, De- cember 2, 1835, in the same State in which his parents, Robert and Nancy Turner, were born, married and died. His mother died when he was an infant, and his father in 1849. I''' his twentieth year he left his native State, and spent a short time roving, visiting Texas in his travels, and finally settled down in Des Moines County, Iowa, where he lived until 1865, in the meantime however, serving his country three years as a brave and gallant soldier. In 1865 he bought the property where he now lives, at that time wild prairie, and in 1869 began to improve it, first making his residence on it in the spring of 1871. He has now one of the most attractive homes in Fayette Township, his residence, built ini885, being a model of comfort and convenience, and surrounded with shade trees and shrub- bery, with an orchard but a short distance from the house. His home farm contains 160 acres, all under cultivation, and in addi- tion to this he owns a farm of 160 acres on section 20. Mr. Turner was married Jan- uary 7. 1 87 1, to Dora, daughter of Theo- dore Graham. She died June 7, 1883. They had a family of four children — Inez A., Gilbert E., Lydia Beatrice and Robert Clyde. Their youngest child died at the age of nineteen months. June 4, 1884, Mr. Turner married Mrs. Helen B. Lanhorn. Mr. Turner enlisted in the fall of 1862, in Company E, Twenty-fifth Iowa Infantry, and received his baptism of fire at Chicka- saw Bluff. He was with General Sherman at Vicksburg.in December, 1862; at Arkansas Post in 1863 ; was with General Hooker at Lookout Mountain, in the " battle of the clouds;" was in the campaign against Johns- ton's arm)f, which culminated in the capture of Atlanta ; in the battles of Resaca and Kenesaw Mountain, and in line at the battle of July 22-28, at Jones boro, where his corps commander. General McPherson, was killed. He followed the union flag and Sherman to the sea, and up through the Carolinas to Washington, where he was in line at the grand review of Sherman's army, in June, 1865, and was discharged the same month, as Sergeant. He participated in all the battles and skir- mishes of his regiment, never shirking duty, but always proving himself a brave and intrepid s(jldier. In politics he is a Republican. rOHN WARTENBE, deceased, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, ^r^ June i, 1829, a son of Joseph and Nancy (Smith) Wartenbe. When he was two years of age his parents moved to Williams County, Ohio, where he was reared. He was married at Defiance, October 20, 1850, to Sarah A., daughter of O. W. Sawyer. A few years after their marriage the}- moved to Iowa, and located in Decatur County, living in Decatur Township, one ,*.*..*;:*:»::*:>:;'€>:*>:>:>"c*:>::*:>.>>>>>;>;;c»>!>"*:'»:>;:' :*3»:*>;;*::4::«i>:>;-»;;*::*::*:>::«:*:*;»:.»::c*:*::*"*::*::*;>:*"**:>: W.ff. :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: 'iCff. »::♦: :♦::♦: :«!»: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: Wi Wff. :♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: .*:;♦: .«::♦: •»•:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦;:♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦"♦: .>::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;.*: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::*: :♦;■♦; >:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: ;*;♦: :♦::♦; :«:>: >::«: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::«: :«:>: •»::•: :♦;;♦: !»;♦: :•:>: S^* ♦«^ *^ !♦:>; :♦::♦; »: :♦::«< :♦:;«! m :♦;:«>: »: :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦;:« :♦;:« :c«i :♦;:♦: »: :♦;:■« :♦::« *;^ :♦>; >::♦: >:>; ;♦::« >:>: >;:«5 :♦::* »: :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: »; :♦;:••! :♦>: :c«i :♦::« :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::« :«>: :♦::*' :♦:;« »>: :♦::« :♦::« >:;« :*>: »: >;:♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :«!:♦: :♦:>: ;♦;:« :«:« :♦;:♦; %>; :♦>: :«:♦; :♦;:« :c«i :♦>: :♦::♦: »: :♦;:♦: :«:♦: :*::♦: >::♦: :♦:;«': :♦::♦: :♦::« :c« :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:»: '♦::♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. mile west of Decatur City, five years, and then moved to Buiicll Township, to a farm on section 6, in the bottoms of Grand River, where, in connection with farming^, he carried on a mill. He was a good busi- ness man, makinga success of his ventures, but when still a voung man, July 13, 1866, was drowned in Grand River, while try- ing to row a ferry boat. Mrs. Wartenbe still lives on the homestead, which contains 160 acres of valuable land. Her family consists of six children — Julia, Arthur, Ed- gar, Jay, Mary and Annetta. lR. C. P. MULLINNIX is the oldest practicing ph)'sician of Leon, having settled here June 13, 1856. He has been in constant practice here for thirty years. He was born in Putnam County, Indiana, September 7, 1825. His father, David Mullinnix, was a native of North Carolina, and his mother of Tennessee. Both removed to Putnam County when young. After their marriage they removed to Illinois, where the mf)ther died. The father afterward returned to Indiana, and died at Spencer, Owen County, several years later. There were nine children, five sons, and four daughters. Four sons are living, and all practicing physicians — C. P. Mullinnix, of Leon; Dr. M. G., of Spencer, Indiana; Dr. E. N., also at Spen- cer, and Dr. L. P., at Worthington, Indiana. The deceased son, Dr. P. E. Mullinnix, was also a physician. He pame to Leon in 1858, and in the spring of 1859 ^^ went to Pleas- anton. On the night of April 6, 1866, while returning from visiting a patient, he was foully murdered, the object being to secure money he was supposed to be in pos- session of. A man named John W. Craw- ford was arrested and tried for the murder, but the evidence was not strong enough to convict him. The subject of this sketch was reared on his father's farm. At the age of twenty-one he entered Asbury Academy, at Greencastle. He was a student at this institution when D.W. Vorhces, since prom- inently known in national politics, gradu- ated. In 1850 he began a regular course of medical study with Drs. W. Brcnton and Alfred Mowely, and also with Dr. David Wade, of Stilesville, Indiana, who was a cousin of B. F. Wade, of national fame. He began the practice of medicine at Whitehall, Owen County. April 13, 1858, he married Miss Emma Lockwood, a native of Vermont. They have had four children, three of whom are living — Mrs. Nellie Morgan, Foster C. and Emma Dell. EORGE SMITH, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Long Creek Town- ship, resides on section 36, where he owns 386 acres of land in this and Franklin townships. He was born in Des Moines County, Iowa, near Burling- ton, December 29, 1839, son of Peter and Martha (Ellison) Smith, natives of England, who immigrated to America in 1835. He was the second child born in that portion of the State. He was reared a farmer, and has followed the farmer's vocation all his life. His father died in 1866, aged seventy- five years. His mother died in 1876, aged eighty-one years. They were the parents of thirteen children, George being the eleventh child. Ten of the children are living at this time. George Smith came to Decatur County in 1871, and settled upon his present farm. He was married in Des Moines County, in 1865, to Margaret J. Sharpe, daughter of John and Sarah Eniji hill Shar|ic. born in Pennsylvania, in 1846. Their children are— Mattie E., Alfred G., Charles, Sarah A., Carrie A. and Harris G. 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He built a saw and grist-mill at this place, which was among: the first erected in the county, and for some time did an ex- tensive business. The mill was subse- quently burned down, but was again rebuilt by Mr. Richardson, who opcr.ited it for six or eight years, when lie sold to Hender- son Brothers. After selling his mill property Mr. Richardson followed conti-acting and building for a time. In 1877 he engaged in the mercantile business, which he fol- lowed under the firm name of Edmunds & Richardson, until 18S4. when he retired from active business life. Mr. Richardson has held the position of postmaster at Pleasanton for eighteen years. He has taken an active part in improving and building up Pleasanton. and it is mainly due to his efforts that the railroad was lo- cated through the town. .Mr. Richardson is the owner of 525 acres of well-cultivated land in Hamilton Township and Linley Township, Missouri, which is well mi- proved. He keeps a large stock of cattle and horses. He has one of the pleasantest homes in the village, a commodious barn, an orchard, and is surrounded with all the necessary comforts of life. By his honor- able and upright dealings Mr. Richardson has secured the respect of all who know him. and is numbered among the best citi- zens of Hamilton Township. fOSEPH CULVER, farmer and stock- raiser, section 14, Garden Grove Township, was born December 7, 1840, son of Asa and Emeline (Chapman) Culver, natives ot Ohio and Vermont re- spectively. He came to Decatur County in 1855, where he remained until 1876, then removed to Kansas. In 1862 he en- listed in Company D. Thirty-fourth Iowa, and served three years. He participated in the battles of Arkansas Post, N'icksburg, 44 Fort Morgan, Fort Blakely and many minor engagements. He was mustered out at Hudson, Texas. .August 15, 1865. Mr. Culver was marrieil in Garden Giove, in 1866, to Rachel A. Robinson, born in New York, in 1S49, and they have one child — Harry J., at home. He belongs ti> the Masonic Lodge No. 170. He owns 240 acres of land. His mother is deceased, and his father still living. ADISLANS MADARASZ, farmer, section 36, Garden Grove Township, was born in Hungary, in 181 1, son of Gideon and Sophia Madarasz, also natives of Hungary. He received a good education in his native country, and held high oftices. He was Sec- retary of State thirty years, and also one of a committee of three to adjust matters of State, an office similar to our Cabinet. The names of the other members of the committee were Kossuth and N^-ary. He was married in 1834, to Baroness Elizabeth Maytheny, a native of Hungary, and thev had one child — William. She died in her native country, in 1843. The second mar- riage of Mr. Madarasz occurred in Decatur County, his wife being SibilaOsoIock. born in Germany, in 1836. They have seven children — Bala, Hermena and Josephena are prominent and successful teachers ; Joseph, Gideon A., and Sophia. Onr sub- ject came to America in 1851, and settled in this county the same year. He first en- tered a claim, and has added by puichase until he has a (arm of 340 acres, a large portion of which is improved and well cultivated. There were at first nuini|)r<)ye- ments. He built a small dwelling house in which he lived fifteen years, and then moved int<3 his present handsome ami com- modious house. He zealously went to work to improve his land, and has built a fine .♦.♦. ♦ ♦ :♦->: J$ :*:♦: >:*; :♦.:♦: >,;♦; :♦,:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;>: :♦!♦; JJ >;;♦: ;♦,:♦: »: :♦:♦: »: :•>: >.>; ;♦:>; »; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;*; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: ;♦':♦: ;♦;♦: :♦:♦: ;♦.:♦: >;;♦; >:>; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »: ;♦;:♦: :♦.;♦: :♦::♦; >:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >;;♦: ;•::*: :♦:;♦: *:♦; '•;:♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:* ;♦;:♦; ;♦,:♦: 'm. :♦:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:♦ .♦ .♦' ♦ > :♦..♦. *;*; :♦;♦. :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦.:♦: ;*::«': :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :*:>: :♦;:« :♦::♦; ♦::♦: :♦♦: :♦.;♦: :♦::*: ;«:;«': :«::«: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦■;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:« :*::•: »::« :♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦::« :♦:♦ *H >::♦: :«::« :♦>: :♦::■« :♦:;« :«»: :♦::« »::« :♦::* ;«:^ :♦::« 'fM dd '<»::♦: .'»;:'« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :♦::'« :♦:;•« »;:•« :♦»•« :♦;:« :♦;;•« :♦::« :♦::•« :♦::« ><* :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::<« :♦:•« »::« :♦::« '♦«^ :♦>} :♦::« :♦-« MM :♦::« :♦::« »"« :♦"« :♦:;« »::•« :♦::« :c« :♦::<« :♦:»• :c« »x« :♦;:« i :♦:;« »::« »::« :«:« :♦::« :«;« »;:•« :♦:.« 1^ :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;« »:.'« »:;«! :♦::« :♦::« :♦:;« ;♦::« »::« 644 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. barn and other out-buildings. He has also a very fine orchard. His children are all well educated. His daughters commenced teaching when quiteyoung, and have taught in Kansas and Nebraska. They are now attending the State Normal School. His grandson, Louis , residing in New York, is considered the best telegrapher in the United States. Politically he is a Re- publican. Postoffice, Grand River. «M. THOMPSON, farmer and stock- raiser, resides on section 13, Long "^ Creek Township, where he owns 307 acres of land. He was born in Macoupin County, Illinois, August 9, 1830, a son of Andrew and Sarah (Woodring) Thomp- son. His father came from Illinois to Iowa in 1854, where he remained six years, then returned to Illinois, and remained another six years, thence to Dakota for the same length of time, then again to Decatur County, and eight years later went to Har- rison County, Iowa, where he still resides, at the advanced age of seventy-three years. F. M. Thompson, when seventeen years old, was bound to a farmer in Morgan County, Illinois, remaining with said farmer until of age, and was to have two suits of clothes and $100 for his labor, also sixteen months of schooling. He received the $100, but only onesuitof clothes and about twelve months of schooling, scattered through the four years, going to school in bad weather and when there was no work to do on the farm. He was married in his native State, remaining there until 1859. then came to Decatur County, Iowa, and settled near his present home. He rented land two years, and then made a purchase of some land and entered vigorously upon the work of improving the same. When he came to Decatur County liis objective point was Kansas, but running short of monej' he was compelled to stop here and make a crop, and doing well he concluded to remain. He was married in Marion County, Illinois, to N. L. McDaniel, daugh- ter of Ell and Mary McDaniel, of Scotch- Irish ancestry. She was born in Sangamon County, Illinois, in 1836. The following are their children — Henry A., Francis E., William D. and John T. Mary and two in- fants are deceased. Henry, the eldest son, married Eliza Devare, and their children are— Thomas L., Floyd, Bessie and Harry R. John T. married Lucinda Benefield, and has one child, Loraine. The rest of the children are still single. F. M. Thompson has held school offices and most of the other offices of the township. He enlisted in the late war, in 1864, in Company L, Third Iowa Cavalry, and served a little over one 3-ear. He was mustered out at Memphis, Tennessee. F. M. Thompson is a self-made man. He had nothing when he commenced for himself, but by hard labor and good management has accumulated a compe- tency. Politically he is a Republican. Post- office, Van Wert. farmer and stock- section 19, High EWIS JOHNSON, raiser, resides on Point Township, where he owns 426 acres of land. He was born in Pike Coun- ty, Illinois, in 1838, son of Lewis and Bar- bara Johnson, of German descent. They came to Decatur County, Iowa, in 1852. Mr. Johnson was reared on a farm, and has always followed farming. He was mar- ried in Decatur County, in 1866, to Sarah A. Miller, daughter of John and Sophia Miller. Their children were — Hannah E., born in 1868, and Mary E., born in 1872. Mrs. Johnson died in 1872, and in 1876 he was married in Livingston County, Mis- souri, to May E., daughter of William and Nancy Carr, the former a native of :<■:>. >;:♦: »:♦: :♦.:♦: :<•>>: >::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦::« ;♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«. >:>: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: »■:♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: >;:«, %-d. >::♦; »:;♦: :♦:»: »::♦: <»::* !♦:>; :♦::♦: >;>; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :•*:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: ?;* »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; »::♦: »x« »>: »::♦: »::♦: »>: £♦>: »::♦: »:;♦: »:■♦: !»::«: »:♦: :♦::« »::« »::♦: »;•»; »;:♦; »;•»; »::♦: »;:♦: 8»>: :♦;:♦: »;:♦: !♦:;♦; :♦::« »::♦: »;:♦: »::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:.»: ;♦;;«: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::«: ;♦::'•: .♦ ♦. .♦ ♦: :*.M ;♦,♦: :«::«: :*>: :«>: :♦:♦: »::♦: :♦;,♦: :♦>: '♦*; .* ♦: > ♦: >,♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦: ■♦:■* ■»:'«j :♦:* :♦::■•! :♦::♦: :♦::«! :♦::■♦! •»:>; .♦>; :♦::♦: , :♦:♦: .♦:♦! !♦"•: :♦::♦! :♦;:♦: :♦::•* ;«:;« :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: s»: :♦::♦: »::♦: *»::« »::« :♦:;* ;♦::♦; *^ :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦"♦: »: :♦:■»: :♦::♦: :♦;■*■ :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;* :♦:« ;«:•: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::« ;♦:* :♦"♦! :♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦"* k« ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦;♦: '♦:♦; :♦:>! ;«:.« iJJ :♦:♦; :♦:;♦: »; ;♦,.♦; ♦>; ♦:♦; *.'*'. ;♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦:♦: ♦ *'. ■*.*'. ♦, ♦; ♦:♦] BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 045 Tennessee, and the latter of Kentucky. | She was born in Missouri, in 1S55. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have one child — Lillie A., born in 1883. Mr. Joiinson enlisted in 1862, in Company H, Fifth Kansas Infantry, and served one year. He was discharged \ on account of disability. Politically he \ affiliates with the Republican party. Post- office, High Point. -E>«- \\. YOUNG, farmer and stock- raiser, lives on section 16, Rich- ie land Township, where he owns 178 acres of land. He was born September 29, 1853, son of J. D. and Catharine (War- rick) Young, natives of Tennessee. They settled in Decatur County in 1852, where the mother died, in 1878. The father is still living. Mr. Young was reared on a farm, and has followed the occupation of a farmer thus far through life. He was married in Decatur County, in 1874, to Nerrcsta Edwards, born in Decatur County, and daughter of Ander.son and Armina Edwards. They are the parents of three children — Luelia, Nora C. and Carrie A. Mr. Young is holding the office of township clerk and secretary of the School Board. He belongs to Ivy Lodge, No. 464, 1. (). (). F. Politically he is a Democrat. -■ •=^ '^ =: ■— ETH W. WEBSTER, farmer, section 14, Eden Township, settled upon his present farm in 1852. He was born in Johnson County. Michigan, .March 26, 1829. His father, Luther Webster, was a native of New York, and went to Michi- gan at an early day, thence to Putnam County, Indiana, where he died, when his son was about si.x years old. Seth W. was reared in Indiana, and married Lucinda NLirkesbury, whose father removed from Kentucky to Indiana, where he remained until his death. .Mr. Webster's farm is rolling, and was but lightly timbered ; in fact, the only timber was an undergrowth of brush on a part of it. His first house was a log cabin, which he occupied several years. In October, i>64, he enlisted in Company F, Thirteenth Iowa Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He participated in several campaigns, and was never wounded, but like many thousands, he contracted a disease from which he has never recovered. He was pre.sent at the surrender of General Joseph E. Johnston. Since the war he has devoted his time en- tirely to farming. .Mr. and Mrs. Webster are the onlv members ol their respective families living in Decatur County. They have eight children — Julia Ann, Appier, Samuel, Lemuel, William, .Mary L., John and Charlie. The deceased were George and Julia. Politically .Mr. Webster is a Democrat, but he intends to vote for the best man. His mothei-, Sarah Webster, born in 1798, is still living. Her home is in .Mills County. i^,mOSES BRYAN, section 33, Grand ■n^lM River Township, is a native of *^^?* Kentucky, born near Lexington, February 22, 1822, a .son of Richard and and Nancy (Richardson) Bryan, his father a native of Virginia and his mother of Kentucky. When he was ten years of age his parents died of cholera, there being only four days difference in their deaths. Their family consisted of ten children — Preston, Robert, Harvey, Moses, Thomas. Rich- ard, Jane, Emily, Eliza and Zcrilda. .Alter the death of his parents .Moses found a home with James Shy, a prominent horse- dealer aiul owner of race horses, and re- mained with him until manhood. In his youth he had the care ol horses and rode ■♦ >. :•»: ;♦♦; ♦ ♦: > ♦; .♦♦: .♦>; ;♦♦: :♦;♦: > •! :♦.♦: :♦ <>: :♦ '*' '<•■¥. :* ♦: « > ♦ <•: :♦♦; .*'.♦: .*:♦•: :•»:♦: *♦: »: :♦ ♦; ;♦■•♦: :♦:♦: !♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: '♦:♦; :♦♦: .♦:>' :♦.*: :♦;:♦: *;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: ♦ ♦ ;♦*: >♦ :♦::♦: !»::♦: »: :♦:.♦: :♦':♦' >:*; ». I** :♦!,♦; ;♦:.♦: :♦♦: !»;;♦: :♦"«: !♦:♦: >: +' '* *'. i* ♦: »■ ;♦;♦■ >:*■ >■'♦ > * ;♦'♦: :•::♦: s»:,*; »: >!♦' >♦! ■*.♦; ■•;♦; :♦::♦: ■■♦>■ K»>::«r:c*'»"o>3C-,v>"3rv"*^- ' «)itw»w»:«»:i*:)ii»:«fj»>:» wyw«i«u*!:«ww»»'> >:>::*:>:>:>;:*;>:*;>:»::*;>:>;:c«*:»;:««:*:>:;»;:«»;»;;*;;«*;»::ccc««^^^ >:>:>:>::c*;»::c«:*:*:>:»::*;:»::c«»::c*;;*>;:*>;'*;*;;«;*;>;*>^^^ •G46 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. them at races, and thus became familiar Cora and Nora, twins, and Mary are de- with the life of a horseman. When twenty years of age he went to St. Louis, Misscniri, where he lived ten years, and then went to Hannibal, Missouri, and for twelve years was engaged in pork-packin.:. From there he went to Illinois, and engaged in fanning for a time, and then moved to Bremer County, Iowa, and lived near Waverly un- til 1874, when he changed his location to Decatur Count}-, and has since lived on his present farm in Grand River Township. Mr. Br^-an was married in 1865, to Sarah ceased. Mr. McClearj- has held the office of township trustee and supervisor of roads. He is ver}- liberal in his religious views, and in politics is a Democrat. Postoffice, High Point. EO. \V. SHAW, farmer and fruit- 'vfr- grower, resides on section 23, Gar- den Grove Township, where lie owns 210 acres of land, fiftv ot which are in tim- Ann Neai, and to them have been born five { ber. He was born in Calhoun County, lUi- children — Preston, Thomas, Anna, Evaline and Lida. In politics Mr. Bryan is inde- pendent, giving his suffrage to men, not party. His first vote was cast in Kentucky, for Henr}' Clay for President. He has de- voted much time to the study ot astrononi}- and the signs of the weather, and is consid- nois, December i, 1832. His parents, Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Rutherford) Shaw, were natives of New York and X'irginia respectively. They removed to Illinois in 18 17, where they resided until the death of the mother, in 1852. The father served as justice of the peace con- ered the best weather prophet in Southern [ tinuousl}- from 1818 until the )-ear 1856, Iowa, being an advocate of the theories 1 when he removed to Garden Grove, Iowa, of Professor Rice. where he died, in 1865. Mr. Shaw was the voungest son of eight children. He was reared to manhood on a farm, and as- sisted his father in his farm work, and in raising fruit, an occupation he has followed all of his life. He came to Decatur Coun- t}- in 1855, and a year later settled in Garden Grove Township. His land was wild prairie, and no iiouse in sight ot his home. His farm is well cultivated, and he has planted out 10,000 apple, pear and cherry trees, besides a variety of small fruits. He tSAAC McCLEARY, farmer and stock- raiser, lives on section 15, High Point .^ Township, where he owns 205 acres of land. He was born in Jefferson County, Iowa, January 13, 1839. son of Isaac and Sarah McClear}-, who formerly lived in Ohio and Michigan, and came to Jeffer- son County, Iowa, in 1838. They settled in Decatur County, in 1857, where the father commenced life a poor man, but his edu- died in 1871, aged si.\ty-nine years, and the i cational advantages were good, having at- mother in 1876, aged seventy-one years. I tended the McKendree College in Lebanon, Mr. .McCleary lived at home until their Illinois. He has held the office of justice death. He was married in Decatur County, of the peace for fifteen years. He was in 1S62, to Mary E. Warrington, born in | married at Garden Grove, January 6, 1859, Maryland, January 21, 1S40, daughter of to Lydia A. Sawyer, born in New York Zeno and Martha Warrington, natives also July 16, 1840. Their children are — Coraly of Maryland. Their children are — Charles L., wile of Eugene Stanley, of this countv, W., of Decatur County ; Lena L., John M., has one child— Myrtle ; Thyrza. wife of George, Clara, Fred, Benjamin and Ralph. Philip Young, also of this county, has one ^;^ :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦;:♦; >"♦; >;:♦: >"♦: >::♦; >;>; >!>: >:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::«• :♦::♦; >:■•• *:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::'*: »::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >;:♦) :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; %:♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:>: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: •*:♦: :♦:.«: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: -.;«;»::cccc*»»rc«<«:c«»:!»::«:c««ccc«:«»"«««c»>^^^ >;>:!»"««««:*»»::«««i>::*:»;:*;:*:«*:*::c*>::c*;:««:*:«*::*:^^^ ♦:.♦: :♦. ♦: ♦:♦: ;♦:♦; ;♦:♦: !♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦.♦: '*'.*. :♦::♦: :♦:.♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;■♦: *♦: *♦; :♦:♦: .♦;:♦; ;♦:,♦: >:» :♦:♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: >;,♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: •»::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦;>; :♦♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:♦: >:«: »;♦: ;♦;*: »::♦: :♦"♦: '♦:>: '♦'♦: :♦:•: :♦;♦; :♦;♦: :♦:;♦; *♦; :♦;:♦; >:♦; ;♦;;♦; >;>; :♦::♦; :♦;♦; :♦:♦; :♦:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: !♦;:♦: :♦;♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:♦; :♦:.♦; '♦::♦; :♦:♦: ;♦;♦; !♦;♦; :♦;♦; :♦>: >:♦; ;♦;;♦: >;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;.♦; !♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦; :♦:>: :♦;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;.♦; J$ >:>; ♦ ♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 647 child — Edna : Natliaiiicl L., Sherman, War- der, Downing, Evangeline, who died F"cbruary i6, iS8o; Mark M. and Sucl F. Mr. Shaw is also a director of the Slate Horticultural Society. HimscU, wife and daughters are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Politically he was formerly a native American, and is now a strong Re- publican. He has never voted the Demo- cratic ticket, although he believed in a tariff for revenue, but with incidental protec- tion. Postofficc, Garden Grove, Iowa. fACOB CRUM resides on section 21, Morgan Township, where he settled in December. 1870. He came to this township the previous year and purchased his farm of 160 acres of Cicero Charing- ton. But very little improvement had been made, the land being mostly covered with underbrush. The farm is now all under cultivation, except about thirty acres. It is well fenced and has good buildings. It is well watered by a living spring, which is ample for supplying 100 head of stock. Mr. Crum owns thirty acres on section 16. He was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, in 1837. His father, John Crum, was an early settler of Pennsylvania, where he lived until his death, which occurred in 1864. His wife died in July, 1883. There were eight sons and four daughters, six sons and all the daughters arc living. Jacob Crum is the member of the family who settled in Decatur County. He enlisted, in 1862, in the One Humlrcd and Fourth Ohio Infant- rv. and served during his term of enlist- ment. His regiment was attached to the Twentv-thinl Armv Corps. The first year they operated in Kentucky against Kirby Smith, thence to Knoxvillc, Tennessee, where he participated in the siege of that l)lace. He was in Sherman's Atlanta cam- paign, and after its surrender his regiment operated with General Thomas, participa- ting in the battles of Franklin and Nash- ville, thence to Washington, and by transport to Fort Fisher, which, however, had been captured by the Union forces under General Terry, thence north, joining General Sherman at Raleigh, thence to Greensborough, where they remained until the close of the war. The regiment was dis- charged at Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Crum was married September 18, 1866, to Roxann Engle, who died August 31, 1876, in the thirty-fourth year of her age. One of her two children is living — Mary Emeline. Mr. Crum's second wife was Mrs. Lizzie May Jackson, a daughter of George Jewett. She was born in Morgan Township, April 22, 1854. They have one child — Nora Al- ma. Politically Mr. Crum is a Republican. Andrew Jackson, the first husband of Mrs. Crum, was born December 27, 1847. In 1873 he removed to Clarke County, Iowa, where he was married January 22, 1874, to Lizzie May Jewett. He died the nth day of September following. He was highly respected in the community in which he lived. He left his wife and son well pro- vided for, the lat; ♦ >; ♦:.♦;>:.♦:»:♦ '-♦♦♦♦♦ ' »♦..♦.♦♦.,♦ ■ ♦ ♦"♦:;♦:'♦> - ♦..♦;:♦.:♦;;♦» 648 HlSTORl- OF DECATUR COUNTY. assisting his father on the farm, receiving a common-school education. In 1881 he lo- cated on his present farm, which contains 160 acres of land under a high state of cul- tivation, with a good residence and farm buildings. It is one of the best stock farms in the township, well watered with springs and running streams, and he is one of the successful stock-raisers of the county, feed- ing at the present time about three car- loads of cattle. Mr. Manning was married January 10, 1875, to Miss Arilda J. Fulton, a native of Ross County, Ohio, but reared in Washington County, Iowa, where her parents. Wade and Harriet (Tomlinson) Fulton, moved when she was a child. To them have been born two sons — Charles, born March 6, 1877, and Frank, born Feb- ruary 23, 1880. In politics Mr. Manning is a Republican. He is the fifth of a family of seven children, the others being — Ben- jamin, Amos, Elizabeth, Fanny, Nathaniel and Sidney. Mrs. Manning is the eldest of nine children, her brothers and sisters be- ing — Tarlton, Alonzo, Eliza. Albert, Edgar, Wade, William and Alpha. -43- -E>- ILAS WORDEN is a native of New ffiSi^li York State, born in Dutchess County, a son of Jared N. and Maria M. (Den- ton) Worden, natives also of the Empire State. In 1857 he accompanied his parents to Decatur County, Iowa, and made his home with them imtil manhood. His father bought 140 acres of land in Franklin Town- ship, wliere he made his home until his death. After the death of his parents Silas bought the interests of the rest of the heirs in the homestead, which he now owns, and to which he has added 560 acres, hav- ing now a line farm of 700 acres, all under cultivation. His residence is a model of convenience and comfort, and his farm- buildings are large and substantial. Mr. Worden was married when twenty-seven years of age, to Laura A., daughter of Abraham and Sarah (Dibble) Roach. They have a family of five children — Luther, Walter, Perry, Frances Elmina and Abbey. In politics Mr. Worden affili- ates with the Republican part)'. ■•Ho ->^#3«- ■^*«* jOAH H. RIGGS, section 15. Fayette Township, was born in Guernsey ^1; County, Ohio, May 25, 1837, a son of Simeon and Harriet (Cheney) Riggs, na- tives of Virginia, where the}' were reared and married. When but six years of age he was left an orphan, and his early youth was spent with a friend of the family, Robert Thompson, who gave him a good home, but only limited educational advantages. When eighteen years of age he started out in life for himself. In 1858 he came West as far as Cla}' Count)-, Illinois, and in 1859 went to Colorado, returning in Sep- tember of the same year to Ohio, and in the spring of i860 went again to Colorado, where he remained until February, 1863, engaged in mining. Returning to Ohio he was married, March 14, 1863, to Miss Catherine Elliott, daughter of James El- liott, of Jefferson County, where Mrs. Riggs was born, April 23, 1839. Immediately after his marriage he started with his wife for the Hawkeye State, and lived in Keo- kuk County about three and a half years, and in August, 1866, moved to Decatur Countv, and located first on section 21, Fayette Township, commencing on a farm of forty acres, but by industry and energy he was prosperous, and finally owned a good farm of 260 acres. In 1880 he bought the farm on section 15, where he now lives, which contains 360 acres, all under cultiva- tion, selling his land on section 21 the same year. He also owns a good farm of eighty acres in Bloomington Township. :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:>: !♦:;♦: >:>: :♦;;♦: >::♦; »::♦; :♦:>; >::♦: >:>: !»:;♦; !»::♦; >"♦: »•:♦: :♦;:♦; »::♦: »::♦: »::« :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦. :♦::♦: :♦::«': :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦!:♦; :♦::♦; »•:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: »:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦: »::♦■ »;:♦: :♦:>: :«::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !«:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦: >;:♦: »:;«: »::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :«:♦: !♦:;♦; »:♦; »::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: »;:« »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦';♦: ;♦::♦: >:;« :♦;:♦: !♦::■« BIOGRAPHICAL SKBTCUES 649 ;♦♦: > •! :♦>: :♦;* >::* :♦::«! J5 :♦::* :♦.:«! >:;♦: ii i .♦.;* 'K'.if, m His :♦::« :♦;;* :♦::«! :♦::* :«:>: :♦;:«! :♦::«» ;♦:*' :♦.;♦; :♦* >>: :♦:«; >.♦; :♦.:♦; :♦:;♦! :♦;:«! :♦.* :♦"♦; :♦.;♦; :♦.:* ;♦':♦: ;♦,:♦; :♦:« :♦:»; :♦::«; :♦::«! >.:«! ♦ 41 :♦. •; :♦;.♦: ;♦::«': :«::«! :♦;:«! :«::« :♦:;« :♦,:* :♦::♦! :♦:« •».'♦; >»>; .* ♦: :♦.♦: :♦ :♦; :♦.♦: :*:♦: Mr. Riggs is one of the influential citizens of the tDwnship. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal cinirch. In politics he affiliates with the Republican partv. His family consists of seven chil- dren — ^Harriet, wife of J. M. Biddle, of La- moni ; Thomas. Nellie, Jennie, Edith, Clarence and Harry. f?!|NOS D.W'IS, farmer, section 13, Gar- den Grove Township, was liorn in Atwater, Portage Coimty, Ohio, in 1816, a son of William and Phebe (Whita- kcrj Davis, the former a native of South Carolina, and the latter of Pennsylvania. The father was three times married, and had a family of seventeen children, Enos being a child of the second marriage. In 1843 Enos Davis was married at Ontario, Lagrange County, Indiana, to Mary An- thony, who was born in Worcester County, Massachusetts, in 1824, a daughter of Dr. Isaac and P. Mariimi Anthonv, of English and -Scotch descent, their ancestry dating to John .\nthony, who came from England to Rhode Island, in 1846. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Davis — P. Marium, deceased; Homer A., deceas- ed ; Charles A. and George E. In the fall of 1S48 Mr. Davis and his familj' located in what is now Garden Grove Township, being one of the first three settlers, the others being his father, William Davis, and Ozro N. Kellogg. Of these Mr. Davis is the only one living. Garden Grove was one of the temporary settlements of the Mormons when en route to Salt Lake from Nanvoo, in the earl)' spring of 1846. Many of them were very destitute and somedied from theefTectsol theirprivations. These first three settlers bought the im- provements made by the Mormons, and at that time theirs was supposed to be the only settlement in Decatur County. There were several families living from ten to twenty miles south of them, who thought they were living in Missouri, but when the disputed strip was assigned to Iowa, be- came residentsof Decatur County. In the winter of 1848 Mrs. Davis taught a school for the benefit of the children in their col- ony, which was also patronized by a num- ber of Mormon children. This was the first school for a distance of several coun- ties east, west and north. They borrowed four lights of glass from a lady who was taking them to Salt Lake, made a puncheon floor, stuck legs into split logs for seats, made a stick chimney, and thus made a school-house in their Western home. In 1853 Mrs. Davis drew the first money, $94, from the school fund in Decatur County, for services at Garden Grove, then the only district formed. The school at that time was taught in a private house, and some of the scholars came a distance of four miles. Mr. Davis did a good business showing land, which was held by claim a number of years. Settlers formed a protective society to prevent speculators from enjoying peaceable possession of land entered that was already occupied or claimed, the neces- sary amount of improvements being made. In the fall of 1853 Mr. Davis entered land, and removed to Seven Mile Grove, seven miles north west of Garden Grove, in Frank- lin Township, which he helped to organize and name, and was its first justice of the peace, an office he held several years. Mrs Davis taught school in their house in the winter, and also sometimes had private scholars, as there were no school-houses nor schools. In 1854 she made the first cheese in Decatur County, according to the asses- sor's report. In 1862 they returned to Gar- den Grove Township, where they have since lived. A brother of Mr. Davis, Am- asa J., came to Decatur County with the rest of the family, and now lives on a larm near Weldon. in Franklin Township, where :♦;♦■ !«;>; >'♦! >>! >:♦] >>! :♦:>; S^ »>. >:> !♦::♦: >:♦: »; >.:♦: i*-5 ^M »;> »; '♦;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:>: :*>; :♦>: ;♦:;•; :♦:>: >!>: »>: :♦;:♦; >"♦; >:;♦: m. :♦::♦: :♦:♦; »; ;♦.:♦; :♦;:♦; !•;>: :♦>; >:;«! :♦;>: ;♦:>: >■♦' ;♦;•♦■ :♦::♦ » *:♦. :♦:>: !♦:>: <»::•: !•::«: :♦♦: :♦::♦; ;«::♦: !*::*: »: »;;♦; >::«: !»::♦: >::«: »:♦: >,♦: .*.♦; :♦.:♦: >.*; !•>: !♦;•: >:♦; !•:♦: !•:«; !•>; !».:«; *:♦; »>: !•':«: »::♦: .*:♦; :•;:♦; !»':♦: !*'•: !•:•: :♦'♦: '♦>: :♦:♦: :♦;♦; '♦*: .*:♦: )»:♦: »:♦: * ♦: ;♦.;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: 650 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :*•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; ■*;♦; :♦:;♦: >;:♦; ;♦;:♦; >;;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; >::♦; :♦;>; >:;♦: :♦::♦; >"♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦"♦; >:>: >::♦: :♦:>: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:>; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦; >;>: >:>: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: ;♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :«:♦: :■♦:■••; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*;♦; ;♦;:♦: >:;♦; :♦:;«; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; >':♦::♦: :♦>:;« he has lived over thirty years. October 12, 1838, three of the colony, all that are now living, met to celebrate the thirty- eighth anniversary of their coming to the county. -e-^e^K:« ir^^ANIEL P. YOUNG was born in Cay- uga County, New York, January 31, 1808. His parents, David and Sarah (Parks) Young, were born, reared, and mar- ried and lived all their lives in the Empire State. Our subject was reared to a life of toil on a farm, receiving only the educa- tional advantages common to the poorer classes of the early day, but a life partak- ing much of adventure — changes of resi- dence, a citizen of difTerent States — has enabled him to learn much of the world and its ways, and now in his old age he is full of reminiscences and recollections of an active life. He was married in the State of New York in 1832,10 Miss Martha Ford, who was born in 1812, and now for fifty- four years have they traveled life's journey together, experiencing many severe trials and hardships, as well as many pleasures and joys. In 1833 they moved to Geauga County, Ohio, where they lived until 1844, when they joined their fortunes with the Latter-day Saints, and made their home in Hancock Count)', Illinois. After the e.\'- odus from Nauvoothey, in 1S46, made their home near Council Bluffs, Iowa, living on a farm until 1852, when they crossed the plains on their weary way to Salt Lake. They lived in Utah until 1861, when we again find them on the emigrant train, en route to Almeda Count}-, California, where they again made a iiome, and engaged in farming and stock-raising until 1873, when they returned to Iowa and settled on sec- tion 18, Fa>-ette Township. Decatur Coun ty, to spend the rest of their lives. Mr. Young has been a cripple since 1874, the result of imflammatorv rheumatism, but otherwise is in the enjoyment of good health. He and his wife have had a fam- ily of twelve children, six of whom are liv- ing — Celia, wife of A. B. Moore, of Fa^-ette Township; John and Alburn, in California; Francis D. ; Chloe, wife of E.J. Robinson, of Lamoni, and David D. Ansil, Delmar, and four infants are deceased. Francis and David each reside on a farm of 120 acres on section ig, Fayette Township. Francis was married in Utah to Gracey, daughter of Dr. [ Dennis, of Salt Lake. After some years' residence in California he lived for a time in Montana, coming thence to Iowa in 1874. I He has six children — Martha, Edwin, Hat- tie, William T., Talitha and Clarence. David married Florence, adopted daughter of Samuel Gurley. and has four children — Chloe, Samuel, Ansil and R )v M. The entire family are members of the Reorgan- ized Church of Latter-Day Saints. ■•»=>- — CliQ>- -<«* fS. KENDALL, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, is one of the pioneers ® of Decatur Count}', and resides on section 35, High Point Township, where he owns 400 acres of excellent land. He was born in Gallatin County, Kentucky, in 1824, son of Noah and Elizabeth Kendall, also natives of Kentucky. He came to Decatur County in 1856, and settled upon his present farm. He first purchased 250 acres, for which he paid $10 per acre. He has added to his farm until it has reached its present size. He has also given 160 acres to his children. He was married in Indiana, August 26, 1847, to Elizabeth Ammermon, daughter of Daniel and Martha (Taylor) Ammermon, natives of Kentucky. Their children are — La Fay- ette, who married Celia Swope, and has had four children — Cora B., Harley E., Maggie and Bertha, deceased : Louisa is the wife of Jesse Adair, and they have four K>::«:«:«:«»::«.C4::«:«:«»:%»::c4>;cc«$:«»:»::«;«»"C«:«:c«^^^ ♦:'♦ <- ♦ ♦ - ♦,■♦: '♦;♦: ;*'♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»:♦: '♦:♦: :♦'.♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; 'Hf.W. :♦:>: ;♦:;♦; ;»::»: :♦::♦: :♦':♦: *:♦: :♦::♦• :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::«: ;♦::♦: '♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: :«"♦: ;♦::«; *:'♦: ;♦::♦: »:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«:4: :♦::♦: <»:.4: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦; ;♦"♦; :«::«': :♦:;♦: ■♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;* :♦' .♦: :♦' ♦' :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :«:;<»: :♦"♦; •»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ■»::♦: ;«:♦; ■»::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦'>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: *:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;.♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :«::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >"♦; !♦:♦! :♦:♦: >::♦: >■:♦: :♦;:♦: ♦:♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:♦: '♦ ♦. '« » BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 061 children— James S.. Harry M., Luther A., and Bertlia M. ; Edward is deceased ; Mariha, William; Marion married May Flcminaf, and their children are — Carl \V. and Wilda M., Ancjeline and Edwin. The deceased were Nelson, Philander and Hen- ry. Mr. Kendall has held the minor school and township offices with satisfaction. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Lewisbnrg Lodge, and himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Kendall commenced life with- out a dollar. He has accumulated a competence by hard work, energy, ])erse- yernnce. industry and economy. Politically he is a Republican. Postoffice, High Point. jBENEZER ROBINSON has been a resident oi Decatur County since April, 1855. At that lime he settled on section 15, Hamilton Township. Mr. Robinson purchased 160 acres of land in 1854, of Thomas Grim, at which time there were only some seyenteen families in the township. On this land he settled. He also entered and purchased 640 acres adjoining and near his first purchase. Here he made his home until April, 1882, when he sold his homestead to his son- in-law, Zenas H. Gurley. At the time he settled there, 1855, there was but one mill in the township, Allen Scott's horse- mill, at which he paid 33 cents a bushel to get corn ground. In 185S there were fiye steam mills in operation in Hamilton Township. Mr. Robinson vyas born in the town of Floyd, Oneida County, New Vork, May 25, 1816. His father, Nathan Robin- son, removed to that State from Vermont that same year. He was a natiye of Con- neticut, and died in Ohio at the advanced age of ninety-five years. The mother, Mary (Brown) Robinson, was of New England birth and died in March, 1S26, + ♦ • ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦'•»:•»:■*■»':♦"♦';♦":•'*!:♦"♦';♦"*:♦"♦■ ♦ when Ebenezer was ten years old. Our subject was reared on his father's farm until fifteen years of age, when he went to Utica and began learning the printer's trade, in the rooms of the Utica Observer, E. A. Maynard, publisher. In June, 1833, he started for Ohio and landed at Cleve- land July 5. Three of his brothers, Clark, Nathan and Samuel, had preceded him and settled in Russell Township, Geauga County. He remained with his brothers until August, then went to Ravenna, Port- age County, and engaged as compositor on the Ohio Star, published by L. L. Rice. In December of that year Mr. Rice sold out to other parties, and Mr. Robinson went to Hudson and worked on the Observ- er, a Presbyterian paper. In May, 1834, he returned to New York, via Niagara Falls, to visit his old home, and the follow- ing winter taught school. At this time he he was in his nineteenth year. The fol- lowing May he returned to Ohio, where, in the meantime, his father had removed. Soon after he went to Kirtland and went to work in the office of the Latter-Day Saints' Messenger attd Advocate, published by F. G. Williams & Co., and edited by Oliver Cowder}-. This paper was the or- gan of the church of the Latter-Dav Saints, usually called Mormons. At that time Mr. Robinson was not a member of that church, but soon found, to his surprise, that they taught the gospel, with all its gifts and blessings, as set forth in the New Testament scriptures, and that the Book of Mormon taught the same, and became convinced, in his own mind, of the truth as taught by them, and October 16, 1836, was baptized by Joseph Smith, and has ever since held to the doctrine of that church. Polygamy is not, and never has been, countenanced by that branch of the church to which Mr. Robinson belongs, and it is stoutly and emphatically forbidden in the Book of Morm(jn. December 13, 1835, .♦ ♦, .♦,:♦; ;♦.;♦: >>: :*;♦: :♦ :♦ >;♦ ;♦♦, ♦ > ♦ ♦' .♦ ♦: '♦ ♦, ;«:♦ > ♦] :♦:♦: :♦,:♦: ;♦:♦: ;♦::♦: >;:♦' :♦;♦; ;♦;♦' :♦:♦ >>' :♦* >♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. ;« •' .♦.* ;♦::♦: ;♦:>; ;♦::♦; ;♦'♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ V, ♦ ■> .♦.♦! ;♦::♦: :•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: >:♦ :♦.♦ >.♦. >* *:♦: ;♦ ♦ > « :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. > ♦. .♦ ♦ ♦ • ♦ <• :♦ ♦. .«• ♦ .♦.♦ :♦.• > .♦ ;♦♦ :♦♦ .♦ ♦ > ♦ :♦:♦. :♦ ♦; :♦ ♦: :♦'♦■ ♦ •< ♦ * ♦ V ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦ ♦: .♦ ♦. .♦ ♦: ,4 *■ ♦ ^ « ♦ * ♦ 653 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦:% :♦::♦: •»:;•»! :♦::« :♦::« :♦::♦; ;♦:;« :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦"« r«;« :c« ;♦::« :«:« •c* :♦>: :♦::■♦{ :♦;:« :♦;:« :♦:.« :♦-« :♦::♦; :♦::■« :♦::♦: :♦:.« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:« '♦::« ;♦::« :♦>: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: *;♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :«:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦■;« :♦::♦: •♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :■♦::♦; :♦;♦: >;:♦: :*:♦; :♦"♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: %:♦: >;:•« :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::* :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«::« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::*: >;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦; ;♦:.♦; •»;♦; :♦::♦: <»::♦::♦•; >»: Mr. Robinson was married to Miss Ange- line Eliza Works, a native of Cayuga County, New York. Soon after he was baptized he was ordained an elder, and June 2, 1836, went on a mission to Rich- land County, Ohio, where he baptized sev- eral persons. He returned in July and soon after went on a mission to Oneida County, New York, where he baptized several persons, including a brother and a sister He returned to Kirtland. and in April, 1837, removed to Caldwell Count}-, Missouri, and in the summer of 1838 he was engaged in the publication of the Elder's Journal, in Western Missouri, which was then the headquarters of the church. At the State election, held at Gallatin, the following August, trouble began between the Missourians of that county and the Mormons, which resulted in the issuing of an order by Governor L. W. Boggs, that the Mormons should be "expelled from the State, or exterminated." Consequent- ly the whole church of about 12,000 mem- bers fled to Illinois. Mr. Robinson went to Quincy and worked on the Quincy Whig untW May, 1839, when he removed to Commerce, now Nauvoo. In June, 1839, in company with Don Carlos Smith, young- est brother of Joseph Smith, he published the Times and Seasons, a semi-monthl}' journal. In August, 1 841, his partner died, and Mr. Robinson purchased the entire paper and connected with it a general job office and stereotype foundry and bindery. February 2, 1842, he sold out the whole business to Brigham Young & Co. and June 18, 1844, left Nauvoo, accompanied by his wife and Sidney Rigdon and fam- ily, for Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where they arrived on the 27th, the day Joseph Smith was killed. After this tragic event Brig- ham Young assumed control of the church, ignoring the claims of Elder Rigdon, whose right it was to preside. Here the church divided, the greater part adhering to Brigham Young, while a minority, of whom Mr. Robinson was one, adhered to Elder Rigdon and ever after opposed Brig- ham Young and his doctrine of polygamy. Mr. Robinson established a paper at Pitts- burg, called T/ie Messenger and Advocate of the Church of Christ. In May, 1846, he re- moved to Greencastle. Franklin County, Pennsylvania, where he remained until April, 1 85 5, when he moved to Decatur County. Mrs. Robinson died April 8, 1880, and February 5, 1885, Mr. Robinson mar- ried again. The first wife had but one child, a daughter, Mrs. Gracie Gurley, wife of Zenas H. Gurlc}*. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson have one child, born June 26, 1 886. Mr. Robinson is highly esteemed in the communitv where he is known as a Christian gentleman and a worthy citizen. H^!»»^^^f<«5<^H j H^lf ILLIAM J. LANEY, INI. D., of De- WilSwj catur City, is the pioneer physician I'^-^fey of Decatur Count}-, having com- menced his practice here in 1853, in part- nership with Dr. G. C. Thompson, and no physician who practiced medicine then is ' now living in the county at the present time. Doctor Laney was born in Colum- ; biana County, Ohio. April 15, 1830, a son I of John and Elizabeth Laney. He began I the study of medicine in his native county, under the preceptorship of Dr. Joshua A. ! Calvin, and subsequently attended the j Medical School at Willoughby, Ohio. In 1851 he came to Iowa, and located at Keosauqua, Van Buren County, where he commenced the practice of his profession. From there he came to Decatur County, in 18 3J' as before stated, locating at Leon. In the spring of 1857 he came to Decatur Citv, where he has since resided. He was married at Leon Mav 16, 1866, to Miss Fan- nie Bruce, a native of Vermont, and a daughter of J. M. Bruce. They have one >::♦; :*::«•: •»:;<>; :♦::■>; :♦:;« :♦::'»: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::« !»::♦: »::♦: ;♦:;♦: »:;♦: :«:;♦: :«::« :♦:;« »:;♦: :■»::♦: »: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: »;:♦: V.'if. :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :•»::♦: »::♦: :♦::« >"♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: W.V. :♦::♦: »;.*; <»::♦: :♦:.>: ^ >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦; ;♦-* »•::♦: !»:;♦: »::♦: !»::♦: :■»;:♦; !»;:♦: :♦::«■: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»;;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::«; s»!>: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: .*:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦; .<»::♦: :♦::♦: m 'm !»::♦: !»::'»: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; !♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :■»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦:;♦;•« :«»::♦::« :♦>: >>; ;♦:♦; *;^ :♦::♦: >:>: »: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::« :♦:;« >::«5 s»::«5 :♦::* :♦:* :♦::« :♦;:« :♦::•! >;>: >:>: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦::«! :♦;;•« :«:>: :♦::«{ :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦! i^ >>: :♦:«• !»::« :♦::♦: »::« :«« ;:♦; ♦,:«i ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦: > ♦: ♦ ♦; .>.>; *M ♦ .♦; .«..♦: :♦::* ;*::♦: :♦:;•! **• :♦;:♦: ;♦:« (♦::♦: :♦:*• «:♦; .*;:«! »;:«! :♦::♦: »:.« ;♦:>: :♦:;♦; :-*;:♦: »::♦: :♦::« »::♦: :♦::♦: BTOGRAPniCAL SKETCHES. (J-W daughter. Flora Bell, born in April, 1868. Dr. Laney has always been one of the favor- ite physicians of Decatur County, and the counties adjoining, and has liad an exten- sive practice, his rugged health enabling him to undergo much fatigue and hard work. He has a good home, with an ofHcc near his residence, where all his pioneer friends meet with a most hearty welcome, which in turn is tendered the doctor wherever he goes, and he enjoys the con- fidence and esteem of all who know him. In his political views he is a Democrat. In the fall of 1857 lie was elected to represent Decatur County in the General Assembly of Iowa, the first Legislature under the new Constitution, wliich convened at Des Moines. ■»— ^j-**^ ►•>—>- ^ENRV L. WALTON, of Leon, is one of the pioneers of Decatur County, having settled on section 4, in Eden Township, in October, 1853. At that time the nearest mill was at Princeton, Missouri. Tlicre was but one store on the village plat of Leon, and that was operated by I. N. Clark anrl Thomas Wing. There were not more than five or six buildings, and they were of logs. Mr. \\'alton was born at Williamsport, the county seat of Lyco- ming County, Pennsylvania, in 18 [6. His parents were George and Martha Walton, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of New Jersey. When Henry was hvc or six years ot age they removed to Marion County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood on his father's farm. In 1838 he married Elizabeth Clark, a native of Wayne County, Oiiio. .Mr. Walton mover] to Jasper County, Indiana, and in October, 1853, came to Iowa with his brothers, Simon and George, and a half-brother, John Thorp. .-MI located except his brother George. Simon settled in Center Tmvnship. where he lived manv \cars, and now lives in Kansas. George also lives in Kansas, his farm joining his brother's. Mr. Thorp lives in Leon. Mr. Walton inade a location in Eden Township, and immedi- ately returned to Indiana for his family, which consisted of a wife and eight children — two sons and six daughters. He resided on this place twenty-two years. He pur- chased a claim on sections 3 and 4, of 320 acres, for which he paid $660. It was a very desirable location, consisting of both prairie and timber land. Here in this pleasant home his children grew to ma- turity. In 1875 '^^ exchanged this farm for one in Center Township. In the spring of 1886 he rented his farm, and removed to Leon. Of their eight children six are liv- ing — Joseph W., died at the age of twenty- seven years, and Archibald at the age of sixteen. The wife who labored with her husband so many years left him for the better land in 1884, and in 1885 he married Miss Lizzie Loving, daughter of John Lov- ing. When Mr. Walton first came here his means consisted of about $500 and two teams. But few are left of the pioneers of '53, and less will their number grow from year to year till all are gone. fITZ ALLEN JENNINGS resides on section 5, Eden Township. He settled here in February, 1869. No improve- ments had been made on the place when he purchased it. Mr. Jennings was born in Seneca County, New York, in 18 17. His father, Lewis Jennings, was a native of Connecticut, removing to New York when a young man, where he married Loruhama HoUoway, a native of Delaware. He im- migrated to Ohio in 1829, settling in San- dusky Ctiunty, and came here with his son, where he died in 1872. His wife died in Ohio, in 1850. Fitz .\llen Jennings was reared in Sanduskv CdimiIv. ;ind married ♦ ♦. :»:^ :♦:«! :♦;♦: :♦::«! *;^ >::♦. »; J*::* >;♦; :♦♦: >>: ;♦::♦" *^ >:* *>: :♦::* :♦;•! :♦::«! >>: ;♦;;•; ;♦::♦: *;♦: ;♦;;♦. ;♦;;♦: >.:•: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: ;♦;;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦:>; :«::«: >:;«; >:♦; >::♦: :«>: :♦,:♦: :«;:*: >:;♦; >;;«( :♦;* >:;♦: :♦;:♦: S* !»::♦: >::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦' :♦;:♦: >:♦: :♦,;♦: i >;♦; :♦>; :♦::♦: :« ♦. .♦ ♦. > * »: !♦:>; ;♦;♦: »; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; »;;♦: :♦-♦: !*::«: !»:* »::« :♦:;«! :♦::« :♦::•; ;♦:;•! YS, fi:::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦!»: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :•»;•»: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦; :♦;:♦: :*..*; :♦:.* :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦; :♦:>: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :•»:;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;'*: ■»::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:* :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:•»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; *>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; >:>: :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: >::♦: >:>: »;:♦: :♦::♦; >;:'*: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; »::♦;:♦;: »»;:♦: Lucinda Root, a native of Ohio. In 1854 they immigrated to Clinton County, Iowa, thence to Boonesborough in i860, and to Decatur County in 1869, as before stated. Mr. Jennings was reared a farmer, but learned the carpenter's trade. Mr. and Mrs. Jennings have ten children, eight sons and two daughters. Mr. Jennings has been justice of the peace many )-ears, serv- ing as such in Ohio, in 1842. He was com- missioned by Governor Thomas Corwin. He served in the same capacity in Clinton County, and is now serving his third term in Decatur County. E. BEDELL, a prosperous farmer and stock-raiser, living on section ® 12, of Bloomington Township, and an old pioneer of Iowa, is a native of War- ren County, Ohio, born November 15, 1827, a son of John and Nancy (Enyart) Bedell, who were natives of Ohio, the father born in Cincinnati, and the mother in Warren County. They were the par- ents of twelve children. D. E. Bedell was five years old when his parents removed to Union County, Indiana, from where they removed to Fayette County, Indiana. They came with their family to Iowa, in 1846, locating in Wapello County, they be- ing among the pioneers of that county. D. E. spent his youth on a farm, being reared to farm labor, receiving such education as the common schools of that early day af- forded. He was married March 13, 1849, to Miss Martha Fuqua, a native of Ken- tucky. They have a family of eight chil- dren — John, Caroline, Caleb, Susan, \V. H., Sarah Elizabeth, Jesse and Belle. Mr. Bedell was a soldier in the war of the Re- bellion, enlisting August 16, 1862, in Com- pany E, Twenty-second Iowa Infantry. He was honorably discharged at Rolla, Missouri, in January, 1863, when he re- :«»>:;4::«:c«3!:«»:ir«:«:<«:«»r»:;«»:»>::«:«»:>:;«:>>:;^^^^ turned to his home in Wapello County. In the spring of 1880 he came to Decatur County, Iowa, and settled on his farm in Bloomington Township, where he has since been engaged in raising and feeding stock. His farm contains 400 acres of well-improved land under a high state of cultivation, a good story -and-a-haif resi- dence surrounded b}- shade and ornament- al trees, orchard and out buildings for his stock, his farm being considered one of the best adapted to stock-raising in the coun- ty. Mr. Bedell is a member of the Vigi- lance Committee. He is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is class leader of the same. In politics he votes the Republican ticket. He is one of the respected citizens of Bloomington Township, having by his honorable and up- right dealings secured the confidence of all who know him. •»*»- — siie>-- -««» m>ON. THOMAS TEALE has been ^P^j identified with Decatur Countv and its *!^/ business interests since the fall of 1865. He was born in Greenwich, Kent- shire, England, January 10, 1842, a son of Frederick and Diana C. Teale. In 1843 his parents came to the United States, and made their first home in Orleans County, New York, but shortly moved to the West, and for a time lived in Milwaukee Count)', Wisconsin, and from there they moved to Jo Daviess County, Illinois. When Thomas was a boy he was left fatherless, and in a great measure was thrown on his own re- sources. Thus early in life he learned the practical lessons of self-reliance, and that nothing worthy of having could be obtained without an effort. He grew to manhood in Jo Daviess County, and in 1861, upon President Lincoln's first call for three-years' volunteers, enlisted in the defense of his country, and was assigned to Company E, :♦;;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦;;♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: »: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; v.w. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; .*::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦: :♦::♦; :«>>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: >:>: :♦!;♦: :♦:»: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::«■: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:«■: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦;>; :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦;>; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; >:>: >::♦: ■»;>; :♦;:♦; ;♦:>: :♦';♦: :«:♦::♦;•►: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; :♦..♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦' '*:♦: :♦':♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:.♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦::•: :♦::♦; v.w. :♦:;♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: ♦::♦: '*:«: >:'♦: :♦"♦: '♦::♦: :♦:* '♦:♦' '* *'. :♦:♦: :♦:♦: ♦:♦: *■♦: :♦::♦: ♦:♦: :♦:* :♦;:♦: ■♦"♦" :♦:♦: :♦♦: :♦"♦: :♦>! »; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::•: ;♦:* ;♦:* :♦;»; :♦;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: *'♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: •»!>: >:>: *:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;♦: :♦:.♦: '♦;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:.*: :♦::♦" :♦:♦; *:♦: ♦:♦. ■»■ ♦ ♦: >:♦: ;♦;♦; :♦:,♦: *♦: :♦;'♦; :♦:♦: *♦: '*'.*'. ♦:♦: :♦;♦: '*'.*'. !♦>; :♦;♦: »: *♦; :♦♦: *"> BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 65.5 Fifteenth Illinois Infantry. At the battle of Shiloh he was wounded in the right hip, by a musket ball, and after Imspital treat- ment was granted a furlough. I le rejoined his regiment and participated \\\ the en- gagement at Hatchie, and subsequently his wound giving him trouble, he was detailed Brigade Postmaster, serving in that posi- tion until August. 1863, when, on account of disability, he was honorably discharged. Returning to the family home in Jo Daviess County, he remained there until he re- moved to Iowa, in 1865. His first purchase of land in the county was 160 acres on sec- tion 16, Fayette Township. This he im- proved, but subsequently moved to the farm where he now lives, on section 4, about one mile west of Lamoni, where he has a tine farm of 320 acres, all under cul- tivation, and his building improvements arc among the best in the township, his home showing the thrift and refinement of the owner. Soon after the village of La- moni was laid out he erected a stone build- ing, and stocked it with hardware and farm implements, aiul now has a good trade. Favette Township has no more active and energetic citizen than Thomas Tealc. En- terprising and public-spirited, he has assisted materially in all projects that tend to the upbuilding of town or countv. In politics .Mr. Teale is a Republican, and quite prominent in the councils of the parfy. In 1885 he was elected to represent his district in the Iowa General Assemblv. Mr. Teale was married in 1867, m Jo Da- viess County, Illinois, to Lucinda Graham, daughter of Theodore Graham. .After ten years of married life the death angel en- tered the home and took from it the wife and mother, leaving the father with four young children — Charles, Frederick, Eras- tus and Orra. In 1878 Mr. Teale married Mrs. Edith (Patterson) Wharton, daughter of R(jbert Patterson, and widow of Andrew Wharton, by whom she has three chililrcn — Zula, wife of Joseph P. Peters, of Leon ; James P. and Arthur D. Mr. Teale has three brothers in Decatur County. Fred- eiick is in Decatur Township ; James, in Davis City : and Eugene, in Bloomington Township. One brother, George II.. lives in Riley Township, Ringgold County; one, Albert, at Kellerton, and another, Joseph^ in Nebraska. otaofOlH^ fO.SEPH ZOOK, farmer and stock- raiser, in High Point Township, is a son of Joseph and Matilda (Sell) Zook, natives of Penns^dvania, and was born in Adams County, that State, in 1846. His parents are of Dutch and French ancestry, who have been in America 200 years. His education was received in the common schools of his native State. He was reared on a farm, which vocation he ha^ followed more or less through life. During the war he enlisted in Company G, Two Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania Infant- ry, and served one year. He was in the battle of Fort Steadman, and the final assault on Petersburg with minor skir- mishes. He was mustered out at Chester. Pennsylvania, after which he returned home and resumed work on the farm, taught school one term, and came to Illi- nois in 1866. He was married in Canton. Fulton County, Illinois, in 1S72, to Miss Emma E. Will, who died in .Vu'^ust. 1873, leaving one child — Earle W. .Mr. Zook came to Iowa in 1872; returned to Illinois in 1873, and engaged in mercantile busi- ness, and came again to Iowa in 1875. In 1877 he married Miss .Anna Simmons, a native of New York City, who came to Iowa with her parents, Henry and Louisa Simmons, in 1S58. Their children are — Ella J., John H. and Alice L. Mr. Zook has held the office of school director and ♦ ♦ '♦♦. ■♦:♦: :♦:♦: '♦:♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦ ♦ .'♦ '♦. ,♦ ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ > ♦ ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: !♦'♦' :•'•: >:> :♦ ■»■ *..♦ :♦:♦ >♦ :♦:♦ »: :♦'♦ :♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ » ♦ ♦ :♦::♦. :♦;>■ ,♦♦ ♦ ♦ '♦; ♦ ,♦>. ♦ ♦ A' * :♦>■ ** :♦ •: > ♦ .♦'.♦ :♦ ♦ » ♦ ■» * ♦ 4 ♦ ♦ ♦ » ♦ * ;♦♦: > ♦; ♦ ♦: !»;♦: »;:♦: :«:♦: :♦;■*: »::♦: :♦:>; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:.*: :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: »"♦: !»:;« .«:« :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: v.v. :♦::♦: :♦;■« :♦:.♦: :♦;■»; .*;:♦; :♦::♦: v.v. :♦::♦: ;♦::'*: :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦:.♦: :♦:■♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«>: :♦::♦: :<*>: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :«:♦: ■«>: :♦;:♦: :♦::« :«■::♦: :♦>: :♦:■•! ;♦:;♦: :♦:« :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: !♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; .*:♦: :♦"♦: :♦:*: >::♦; .*;:«! !*:;♦: :♦;:♦: 656 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. township trustee. He owns a herd of short-horn cattle, and other improved stock. Mr. Zook commenced life a poor man. He now owns i6o acres of land, well improved. (LIJAH TILLOTSON, farmer, Long Creek Township, resides on section 24, where he owns 160 acres of land. He was born in Vigo Count}-, Indiana, a son of George and Rhoda (Pritchard ) Tillotson, natives of Ohio. He enlisted in 1864, and went forward in defense of his country, serv- ing eighteen months. He participated in the battle of Little Rock, Camden Pass, and others of less note. He was mustered out at Little Rock, Arkansas. Mr. Tillotson has been in Decatur County more or less ever since he was ten years of age. He was married in Decatur County, in 1874, to Salina Hiner, born in Virginia in 1852. The}' have five children — Bessie, La Clede, Elsie, Levi and Mearl. Mr. Tillotson is school director and has held the office of township supervisor. He is a member of the Protestant Methodist church, and a very efficient worker in that church. Po- litically he is a Republican. I ■43- -[>■ fACOB ROSS, an enterprising citizen and a successful farmer of Grand River Township, residing on section 17, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Allegheny County, November 9, 1846. His parents, Francis and Margaret (Weav- er) Ross, were natives of the State of Pennsylvania, and of German ancestry. They reared a family of seven children — George W., Catherine, Margaret, Thomas, Elizabeth, Jacob and Isaiah. The father was a contractor and builder by occupa- tion, and erected the suspension bridge across the Allegheny River at Manches- ter, the first bridge of the kind built in that State. He also built the grist-mill on the Cedar, in Henry County, Iowa, this being one of the first mills of Southern Iowa. Jacob Ross, our subject, was six years of age when his parents removed with their family to Iowa, when they located in Henry County, near Salem. Three years later they removed to Oska- loosa, Mahaska County, where thev lived about five years, when they made their home in Decatur County. Our subject grew to manhood on a farm, where he was reared to agricultural pursuits, and in his youth he attended the log school-houses of his neighborhood, w-here he received a limited education. During the war of the Rebellion he enlisted in defense of the Union, August 22, 1862, in Company K, Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry. He took an active part in the battle of Cross-Roads, and in the battle in the rear of Vicksburg, and in the engagements against Generals Johnston and Forrest. While assisting in building a stockade at Lineville, Tennessee, Mr. Ross was severely wounded in the foot, which disabled him for active serv- ice, when he was assigned to the forage department on General Sherman's grand march. He was in General Logan's com- mand some time, and was in the Fifteenth Army Corps, commanded by General Mc- Pherson. He was at the grand review at Washington, and Ma}- 5, 1865, he received an honorable discharge, when he returned to his home in Decatur County, Iowa. He was united in marriage March 29, 1866, to Miss Julia Coffey, a daughter of Samuel W. and Louisa (Scoville) Coffey, of Deca- tur County, and to this union have been born seven children — Albert. Emma El- dora, George W., Andrew Thurman, Clara, Maggie and Cora Etta. Mr. Ross moved to the farm where he now resides in the fall of 1882, which was then entirely ^.♦>..*>.»>>..*..*,.»..»..*>,.»>,,<«>>rc*>xcc*:>:»>::c*>xcc»\»r*;:*:»::* :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; Witt. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: <••;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::*: »:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«.^: !»:;«; :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;.♦■: :♦::•»; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•••; :♦::♦: .*::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;«; :♦;:♦: :♦:;*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: W^ »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: .%:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::«: ;♦"♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: .♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;•♦• >:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; >:>: :♦:,*; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: 5»;:« ;♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦:* .♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦"♦; :♦'■♦; >>: >>: >*; :♦::«! :♦:;♦; :«:>: :♦:«! :♦>! :♦:;«! :♦;.♦! i»r;«i :♦.*• :♦*• :♦:;♦: :♦:♦! :♦,;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦>; »; ;♦;♦: *^ :♦.«! >;♦: :o:;«i :♦:* ;♦:*• ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ■• ♦. ■»:♦; ♦,:«i :♦.:«) ">::* .♦;:* ♦:;«i .■»:«! :♦.;«! <•::«! »::♦: :♦::«! :♦;:* :♦;:«! ;♦;;«! :♦::« »;:«( :♦.;«( »::«! »::« :♦:*• :»::♦: »::« :♦;:♦: :♦:« >::♦: »:« mm »::♦: »:♦: »;:« *;♦: v:m »:♦: :♦♦' :♦:♦: liJOURAPHlCAl. SKETCHES. 667 unimproved. The land is now well im- proved, and his residence and farm build- ings are comfortable ami convenient. He has loo acres under thorough cultivation, and is devoting all his time to general farming and stock-raising, and by his fair and upright dealing has secured the confi- dence and respect of all who know liim. Politically he affiliates with the Republi- can party. He has served efficiently as constable, and has been a member of the School Board. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, belonging to Grand River Post. -t3- -E^ fAMCS BLAIR, farmer and stock- raiser, resides on section 24, Long Creek Township, where he owns 170 acres of land, part of which is in a good state of cultivation, and part in tim- ber and pasture. He was born in Bedford Count v, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1826, a son of John Blair, Sr., who was a son of Brice Blair. His mother's maiden name was Mary Perdew, daughter of William Per- dew, a son of William Perdew, a native o( France. His father died on the 28th day of February, 1855, in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, aged sixty-eight years : and his mother, July 9, 1879, aged nearly eighty- seven years. He was married in Penn- sylvania on the i8th day of April, 1850, to .Miss Mary Louisa Baker, daughter of Michael and Margaret Baker. Her mother was a daughter of J. G. Blocker, of Cum- berland, Maryland. L(juisa Blair was born August 14, 1829. Their children are — Oliver H., married Miss Emma Roberts; Edmund J., married Lana Kemp : .M. Alice, married H. B. Oiiphan ; >LTry E., married Noah Hand ; Clarissa E., married Howard Sissel ; George Peck, deceased : William F., married Miss Martha Jordon ; Ella B.. married Sherman Hollenbeck : Hila Mitchel .deceased ; James Simpson, living at home. Mr. Blair was converted on the 24th day of August, 1840, and joined the Methodist Episcopal church on August 26, 1840. He was licensed to exhort in 1849, and ordained dea- con by Bishop Simpson, at Osceola, September 3, 1865. He joined the Method- ist Protestant church, December 26, 1874, and was ordained elder by Will- iam Rcmsburg, .September 30, 1882. He taught several terms of school in Pennsyl- vania, and several in Iowa. He moved to Van Wert, Iowa, April 19, 1856, and has lived on the farm he now occupies for thirty 3ears, without a lawsuit or church trial. He loves Iowa, her institutions and her people. >'♦.■ «tfo- — ^^ -c«» ;R. GEORGE WASHINGTON BAKER, has been a resident of Decatur County since 1857, being one of the oldest practicing physicians ol the county. He was born in Jennings Coun- ty, Indiana, near Vernon, the countv seat, in 1823. His parents were Morris and Margaret Baker, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Maryland. They were married in Virginia, removing thence to Indiana soon afterward. They were among the early pioneers of that part of Indiana. In the autumn of 1836 the family removcti to Scott County, Iowa, the doctor being then thirteen years of age. Here they were again pioneers. Davenport was then an hulian trading post of the I-"()X and Sac Indians, of whom BlacJc Hawk was the chief. Here the father took up a tract of land, anti madea home, where he resided until his death, lie and his wife lie bur- ied in the Blue Grass Cemetery, ten miles west of Davenport. There were twelve children — seven sons and five daughters; all but (me grew to maturity. The doctor ;♦ ^ ;« ♦ ;♦:• >"♦ !< <■ > • *> :♦;;«: i»> :♦> » ;♦> >;> :♦;> >> > * >;<■ >.:♦. *:•♦: !»::♦; s»>: .«;:•: :♦::♦ :♦> :♦::♦ :♦.♦ :♦:;♦ !♦;;♦: ;♦:♦: :♦>: :♦:♦ » ;♦::♦ >♦ !•;* :♦:;♦ :♦;♦ !♦;:♦: >:.♦ »::♦. !»:;♦ »:> ;♦:♦ ;♦:♦ >::• !»>: »;♦ !»> !»> *;♦. :♦> !♦:♦. !»:;♦: »:♦: !»::♦ :«.« .*;♦ ;♦> .<*::♦ *:♦. »>. :♦::•■ j** :♦.,♦ »:;«: »:> :♦::♦ :«> :♦:♦ :♦♦ >:;■•" :♦ ♦ > « :♦>' M.*. :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »;;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:»: :♦::«>: :♦::♦: !»::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:■♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .»:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«:♦: :*:♦: :♦;:♦: »:;♦: :♦;;♦: ;••>::•»: :♦:>: :♦:;«: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »:;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::* :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦:»; :♦"♦: :♦::«■; ;♦:;♦: :♦:'•♦: !»:»: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:•»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: W.'Uf. :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; W.'Uf. :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ■»;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::'•: ;♦::*: :♦;:♦: :♦;>; :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦;: ... ..::c«»:»rjK:«»"c«:«:«>r«;ccc«>>:;«:«»"«:«;«»>^ .♦..♦;*;;ccc<»;*:c*:»"cc*:cc*:'*»:»;»;:cc*:c*:*:*:!ir«^ 058 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. was reared on his father's farm, and has had a large experience in pioneer life, hav- ing passed the most of his life on the fron- tier. Before coming to Iowa he had the advantage of nearly two years' instruction at the Vernon Seminary, which was a very important event in his life, as schools in Iowa were very limited at that time. In 1845 the doctor began the study of medi- cine, with Dr. Andrew P. Ringer, with whom he remained two years. He com- menced practice in Rock Island County, Illinois, in 1847, where he remained three years. In 185 1 he started with his family over-land for California, but after getting as far as Ottumwa he abandoned the enter- prise on account of the wet season and high water. He returned to Rock Island and practiced two years longer, then re- moved to Hancock County, for the pur- pose of taking charge of the sick on the line of the Quincy & Peoria Railroad, which was then in process of construc- tion. Here he remained about a year, then returned to Ottumwa, and practiced three years, thence to Decatur County, locating at Decatur City until 1861, when he came to Leon. He now lives upon his farm in Center Township, one mile north of Leon, and is still engaged more or less in his practice. He was married in Scott Coun- ty to Maria Clark, daughter of Captain Benjamin Woren, who died at Decatur City. His present wife was Susan War- ner, daughter of John Warner. By his first marriage there were two sons and one daughter — Erastus W., now in lola, Kan- sas ; Clarence C, in New Mexico, and Ida, wife of Charles Clapp of Fort Scott, Kan- sas. By his second marriage there are two children — George and James I. Dr. Baker and a sister, Harriet, wife of Cap- tain Clark of Buffalo, are the only members of his fatlicr's family living in Iowa. The doctor's political affinities have been with the Democratic party the greater part of his life, but of late he has been identified with the Greenback party, and was a can- didate for the State Legislature on that ticket at the first election after the party was organized. He gives much attention to the raising of fine stock. «via£j2r©^*— K K4— »S§~2'5^''^ C. WOOD, vice-president of the Weldon bank, is a native of Canada, a son of John N. and Prudence (BuUard) Wood June 6, 1864, he left home and went to Gouverneur, New York, but remained only a short time, returning to Canada to assist his father on the farm during the summer. In October he again left home and located in Michigan, where he found employment by tiie day, chopping wood. The following spring he came to Iowa and lived in Marshall County, work- ing on a farm until October, when he went to Pennsylvania. In his 3'outh he learned the carpenter's trade, and while in Pennsyl- vania he was employed on the trestle-work of a railroad. From there he returned to Iowa and located in Decatur County, where he industriously followed his trade for five 3'ears. He was then married, and soon after rented land of his father-in-law, on which he lived, and engaged in agricult- ural pursuits four years. He had previ- ousl)' bought the half-section on which stands his present residence, and to this he has since added a section. His farm is one of the best in the township, and its cultivation is under the immediate super- vision and control of Mr. Wood. He is one of the substantial and honored busi- ness men of the township. Starting in life with no means he has by energy, will and perseverance, succeeded in accumulating a good property, and is a worthj^ example for the young men of to-da)' to follow. He is in politics a Republican. 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Mr. Wood was mariicil in 1871 to .Miss Sarali E. Eals, daughter of T. J. Eals, of VVeldon. They have three sons — George N.. Claude E. and Frederick P. lAMUEt^ II. G.\ TES resides on sec- tion 16, Center Townsliip, his farm comprising tlie west lialf of the south- west quarter of that section. He purcliased this farm about July 4, 1853, of Samuel C. Thompson, and settled upon it in 1855. The only improvement was a log cabin built by Mr. Thompson. Mr. Gates was born in Morgan County, Ohio, May 13, 1824. When twelve years of age he re- moved with his parents to Athens County, where he grew to manhood and lived until he came to Iowa. His father, Stephen Gates, was a native of New Jersey, and removed to Ohio when quite young. The last years of his life were passed m Law- rence County, where he died in the fall of i860. Samuel's mother. Jane Mills, was a native of New York, and she died in 1866. They had seven children that grew to ma- turity; three are now living — John N., in Clarke County, Iowa; Stephen, in Winfield, Kansas, and our subject. The latter married in Ohio, in 1846. Mrs. Gates was for- merly Charlotte Lorey, born also in Mor- gan County. Her parents were Silas and Maria (Gates) Lorey, the former a native of New Jersey, and the latter of Ohio. Mr. and .Mrs. Gates have had eight children, three sons and five daughters; five of the children are living — Samuel A., an attorney at Leon; John N., also an att:)rncy and as- sociated with his brother; Eliza Jane, wife of John H. Delte, of Franklin Township, Decatur County ; Alice E., wife of Aaron Goodman, of Center Township, and Katie May. The deceased are Lemuel, the eld- est child, born in 1847, and f''<^fl ''i 1S84; Addie M., died at the age of twenty-two years ; Fannie, died at the age of si.xteen years. Politically Mr. Gates was reared a Whig, and joineil the Rei)ublican party upon its organization. In 1876 he became identified with the Greenback party, with which he has since atTiliatcd. Religiously he was reared a Methodist, but is now in- dependent in his views. The father of Mr. Gates died at the age of forty-nine years ; the mother died at the age of seventy-one years at the home of her son Samuel, witii whom she had lived seventeen years. But few remain of those who resided here when Mr. Gates came, and soon all will be gone, and the record of the lives of the pioneers will remain only in the memory of their children :ind in the pages of history. — ^■# # G- ^mLEXANDER BRAMMER, retired farmer, lives on section 22, Richland Township, where he owns eighty acres of fine land. He was born in Patrick County, Virginia, and reared in Bath Coun- ty, Kentucky, to the occupation of a farm- er. He immigrated tcj Decatur in January. 1855. where he has since lived. In 1875, in company witii his son and son's family, he and his family made a trip to California and Oregon, with a view of lo- cating, but not being pleased with the country he remained only a few months and returned to Decatur County, satisfied to end his days here. He was married in Jackson County, Indiana, to Elizabeth Mor- gan, a native of Clark County, Indiana. They have eight children — Francis M., Melissa, La Fayette, James M., Isabella, Angeline, deceased; Louisa, deceased, and Martisia, deceased. I<"rancis married Nan- cy A. Briner, and their children are — Cla- rissa, John A., Louisa, Marion, Lavina E.. and Henry. La Fayette married Catharine F^oland. Isabella is the wife of S. J. 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Angelina was the wife of William McConnell and left six children — Leander J., John N., Ora E., Ella E., Uriah M. and George S. Louisa was the wife of James Dudley and left one child — Ella. Mr. and Mrs. Brammer have nine great-grandchil- dren, the gi-andchildren of their son F. M. Postoffice address, Westerville. H -^t^-S^^x^X^ i- J. GRAVES, dealer in hardware and groceries, Pleasanton, Iowa, is a na- j^j -^ tive of Coshocton County, Ohio, born March lo, 1830, a son of H. and Re- becca Ann (Perkins) Graves, the former a native of Fauquier County, Virginia, and the latter of Maryland. He was the eldest of a family of nine children — T. J., Melvi- na, Elizabeth, John W., James W., Joseph H., Melissa, George W. and Ellen. In 1837 the family moved to Muskingum County, Ohio, and there our subject was reared. His educational advantages were limited, as he was early obliged to work, and learned the trade of a blacksmith. When seventeen years of age he started in life for himself, and located in Clinton, Vermillion County, Indiana, where he lived until the spring of 1850, when he moved to Edgar County, Illinois, and thence a year later to Red Rock, Marion County, Iowa. In 1856 he went to Missouri, and lived in Mercer County, fifteen miles south of Pleasanton, a year, and from there moved to Hamilton Township, Decatur County, Iowa, where he was living at the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. November 14, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Fifth Kansas Cavalry, and served three years, partici- pating in many hard-fought engagements, among others those at Helena and Pine Bluffs, Arkansas. In addition to his duties as a soldier he acted as regimental gun- smith, receiving extra pav for such services. He was discharged at Leavenworth, Kan- .♦..♦..♦;:cc<»>:;*:*>>>>:;cc*::cc»:>::c«;»;:cc«;>:>>>::*::*:>>:*: sas, December 8, 1864, and returned to his home. In 1865 he bought some wild land, which he improved, and two years later sold and bought another tract of wild land. In 1874 he sold this farm and moved to Pleasanton, where he has a pleasant lesi- dence property, and also owns his store building. He carries a good stock of both hardware and groceries, and is one of the prominent business men of the place. Mr. Graves was married January 19, 1850, in Clinton, Indiana, to Mary Ellen VVillmorth, daughter of Samuel VVillmorth. They have had nine children — -Rebecca, Levanche, Francis M., Jane, Louisa, William, Ironis- ton, Henry and Ellen. In politics Mr. Graves affiliates with the Democratic party. fA. ROBEY, farmer, section 2, Long Creek Township, was born in Pike ® County, Ohio, March 25, 1842. His parents were Thomas and Mary J. (Bur- ner) Robey, the former a native of Vir- ginia and of German and Welsh descent, and the latter a native of Ohio and of Ger- man ancestry. They came to Iowa in 1850, settling in Ottumwa, Wapello County, where they resided until the death of the father, which occurred in 187.5. The mother resides in Dallas County. Mr. Robey came to Decatur County in 1863, and lived here until 1872; then went t« Dakota, where he remained five years, during which time he received the benefit of a home- stead of 160 acres of land. He then returned to Decatur County. He was married in Clarke County October 18, 1866, to Mary E. Sherrone, born in Guernse)' County, Ohio, July 23, 1842, daughter of Struble and Ruth (Lukens) Sherrone, who were among the first settlers of Clarke County, where they still reside. Mr. Ro- bey 's advantages for education were rather limited, but he obtained sufficient knowl- :♦■:♦■:♦■♦■■♦:♦•♦•♦:♦:♦♦■:♦■♦;♦,♦■♦,♦:♦:♦:♦:♦..♦;:♦.:♦,♦:;♦.♦;,♦::♦:;♦,:♦:.♦:,♦:;♦:.♦:.♦. :♦:;♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: !♦::♦; :♦:;♦;' >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦; *^ :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >:>: >::♦; :♦::♦: :*•:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: >:>: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »;:♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::<»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦::* :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;•♦::♦, :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:.*; :♦::♦: .>:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦::♦::♦: :♦::♦>;:« :♦::♦; ;♦:.♦: :*:.'*': :•:.♦: ;♦;;♦; :•::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:*• :♦::♦: :«*: :♦::♦: :«>»: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: !»;>; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :«::*: ;«•♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦' :«:;«: :♦::♦: »;:«; :♦::♦; *:♦: !♦::♦: ;'•::♦: :♦::«': >:>: '♦::'»: •♦::♦: ,♦;:♦: ;♦:♦: >::« ♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«': w:*>. :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦■: •♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; »;*; '♦:.♦: :♦;♦: ♦'.♦: ♦;,♦: :♦:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:'♦: .♦::♦: *♦; :♦:♦: :♦;:♦: *:♦; :♦•:♦: :♦■'♦: *'♦: *:♦: :♦:♦: ;♦>: ♦ ♦: ♦:♦; :♦:♦: ♦:♦; .♦;♦: ^ :♦:'♦: :♦:'♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; !♦::♦: ■♦:♦; >:♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 001 edge to enable him to teacli school, having attencletl the seminary at Indianola three montlis. He taught twenty-seven terms. I le has held the office of assessor and other minor township offices. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He com- menced life poor, but with the assistance of his amiable wife, has acquired a nice property. »^ fL. NORTON is a native of Keokuk, I(jwa. a son of Samuel and Cor- ■^"' delia (McCoy) Norton, early settlers of Center Township. His parents were natives of Ohio, coming from that State to Iowa. They located in Decatur County, in 1862, buying land in Center Township, where the father died, in the fall of 1883. The mother now makes her home with our subject. Their family consisted of twelve children — Annabel, Samuel, Virginia, Sarah Walker. Charles L., Edward, Al- bert, Edwina, Freddie, Georgia, William and Walter. .Sarah, Freddie, Virginia, Georgia and .\lbert are deceased. C. L. Norton has a fine farm of 120 acres, all un- der cultivation. He is one of the repre- sentative young farmers of the townshii), and an esteemed and upright citizen. In addition to attending to the duties of his (arm he is extensively engaged in buving and shipping stock. He has one son — John Wesk-v. T. WALKER is a native of Surrey Countv, North Carolina, born Oc- Tp.^ tober 29, 1 8 19, son of William and Catharine (Kimball) Walker. lie was reared on a farm, and in early life became thoroughly acquainted with all the duties pertaining to agriculture. When he was fourteen years of age his parents moved to Indiana, and located near Spiceland. Henrv Countv, where thev pa>-scd the rest o( their lives. He remained at home until twenty- one years of age, and then went to Knox- villc, Illinois, and engaged in farming and the nur.sery business imtil the fall of 1857, when he came to Iowa, and made his first purchase of land in Decatur County, on the southeast quarter of section 7, Frank- lin Township. This he subsequently sold and bought the northeast quarter of the same section. He now owns 190 acres of choice land, and has one of the pleasantest homes in the township. He is one of the representative men of the township, and has served in several official relations. He takes an especial interest in educational matters, and has served several terms as member of the School Board. He was married in Illinois, to Frances Maxey, a native of Virginia, daughter of Robert Scott and Ridley (Nixon) Maxey. They are the parents of six children — Malinda, Cyrus, W. H., W. C, F. Albert and Frances R. The last named is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Walker are members of the Method- ist Episcf)pal church. ■^»- — *--- =4«» I^VMAN B.CHASE, section 17. Garden '^'» Grove Township, was born August 30, 181 1, ill Tompkins County, New York. When he was five years old his parents, .\lvin and Ruth (Cole) Chase, moved to Putnam County, New York, their native place. They had twelve years before |nirchased heavy timber land in that then new country and there they made a farm. They lived in Putnam County until his mother died, in 1832, aged fiftv years. The father soon after with his fami!\ moved to Dutchess County, New York, where he died, in 1853, aged seventy-five years. They iiad a family of twelve chil- dren: all lived to maturity, of whom six »::« :♦:;« *■« :♦:«! '♦.:♦: ■*;♦; ;♦;:« :♦:•« :♦:;« :♦:!« :♦;;«! :«:« »::« !•:♦: :♦!»{ ».:«! ■♦::♦: :♦::« ••»:♦! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦'••: :♦:« >:;♦: ♦::♦; :♦:♦: :♦:♦; •♦:♦: !•::« :♦:•« ;«;;«! *;•*• >::« :♦:« »: ;♦:;♦; •*::♦: :♦:«{ :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:;•; .♦.;♦, ;♦* .*'*: » > < ;♦ - :♦ :♦ > >:♦; !»:;«: :♦::♦: •»;;♦: >:.♦: 662 HISTOR}' OF DECATUR COUNTT. are still living. They were active, indus- trious people of good habits, leaders in society, liberal Christians and patriotic citi- zens, and their children have done credit to their training. Lyman B., the subject of this sketch, was married to Elizabeth Mead, in Pawling, Dutchess Count}', New York, in 1833. Her parents, Daniel and Susan (Spencer) Mead, were natives of the same county. She was twenty and he twenty- two years of age. Tiiey purchased a farm of sixty acres in Pawling, New York, where they resided twent}- years, when the}' sold out, and removed to their present location. They now have a farm of 300 acres, productive, and in a good neighbor- hood, where they have lived thirty-one years. They reared a family of twelve children, all of whom lived to maturity — Abel E., the eldest, is treasurer of Decatur County; Alvin H., pastor (jf the Christian church, at Winterset, Iowa. They were volunteer veterans in the Union army, and did well their part in suppressing the rebell- ion; D. Millard Chase is a farmer of De- catur County ; Eugene L. is cashier of Weldon Bank ; Cyrus B. is a teacher in a high school in Leavenworth County, Kan- sas; Ulric Z. Chase, the youngest, twenty- six yeais old, lives with his parents and manages the farm. The three surviving daughters are residents of Decatur Coun- ty, and have interesting families — Mary E. Winters, Sarah A. Myers and Josephine C. Foster. The three deceased are Phebe J. Morgan, lived to be forty-eight years old, and left a family of a husband and five children in Leavenworth County, Kansas; Ruth A. Newman died in her nineteenth year, and left a husband and one son ; Cyn- thia C. Lillard died, aged thirty years, left a husband and two children, who live with their grandparents. Mr. and Mrs. Chase have more than a score of grandchildren, and a dozen or more great-grandchildren, all active and intelligent. Being enterpris- ing, active, temperate and intelligent they have kept pace with the times. They have seen more of the advancement of the arts and sciences than is often allotted to one married couple. They are noted for strict integrity, and are liberal members of the Christian church, and honored members of societ}'. In politics, Republican. •\ajfl£r(g^»<— ft* •■^^lOOTWi ^^^ETH SAMSON, farmer, merchant t^^l '^"'^ local preacher, residing in Van '^ Wert, was born in Switzerland Coun- ty, Indiana, April 12, 1825, son of Seth and Eunice J. (Hopkinson) Samson, the former a native of Massachusetts, near Boston, and the latter of Onondaga County, New York. The parents lived many years in Indiana, where the mother lies buried, but the father died near St. Louis. Mr. Sam- son was reared on a farm. He was married in his native county, in Indiana, November 22, 1848, to Margaret J. Wilson, who was born in Greene County, Ohio, April 14, 1825, a daughter of Aaron and Catherine (Duncan) Wilson, of Pennsylvania. Her parents were Covenanters of Scotch-Irish descent. Mr. and Mrs. Samson have eigiit children — Edwin D., an attorney at Des Moines; George W., principal of the high school in Belle Plaine, Iowa; Mary, wife of Rev. W. B. Thompson, of Humeston, Iowa ; James P., resident of Darlington, Indian Territory ; Avarilla C, wife of G. W. Ar- nett, of Decatur County ; Carrie J., a school- teacher; Francis L., on a farm in Dakota, near the Black Hills, and Charles M., clerking in a store at Van Wert. Mr. Sam- son has an excellent farm in Franklin Town- ship, in a good state of cultivation. He has held the office of justice of the peace, tovvnship assessor, township clerk, and a member of the Board of Supervisors of his county. 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WA Iowa, in 1853, and to Decatur County in 1S63. In July, 1S61, he enlisted in Compa- ny F, Seventh Iowa Infantry, at Ottumwa, and served nearly a year; was discharged at Pittsburg, Tennessee, on account of dis- ability. He began life a poor man, and all he has, he has obtained bj- hard labor and the blessing of God, aided by his excellent wife and children. In politics he is a Re- publican; in religion a Methodist. fA.MES STONE, deceased, was born in Yorkshire, England, December 8, 1801, a son of John Stone. When a young man he learned the trade of a millwright, and in 1830 left his native country, coming to America, and the four years following resided in Madison, Ohio. He then located in Putnam County, Indiana, where for a few years he was engaged in the general mercantile business, and later operated a mill. He was twice married, and by his first wife, whose maiden name was Mary Bircham, he had three children — John, William and James, all of whom died in in- fancy. For his second wife he married Miss Emily Robinson, in Putnam County, Indiana, in 1847, ^''^ being a native of Washington County, Indiana, born Decem- ber 9, 1812. To this union were born five children — George, Mary, wife of W. H. McCalla, of Long Creek Township, Deca- tur County ; Martha, wife of J. A. Gard- ner ; Isabella, wife of F. A. Gardner, and Kate, living at home. Mr. Stone came to Iowa in the fall of 1850, and leaving his family in Monroe County, he started out to look for a home, and made his selection in Decatur Township, Decatur Ct>unty, where he settled April 11, 1851. Here he made a claim of 160 acres on section 1 1, purchasing his claim as soon as it came into market. He was an industrious, energetic man, and rapidly improved his land. He did not have a large capital, but had sufficient means to purchase his land, and care for his family until a crop could be raised. He was prosperous in his farming operations and added to his original purchase till he had 440 acres, where he resided till his death, October i, 1870. His widow still lives on the homestead with their eldest son, George. George Stone was born in Putnamville, Putnam County, Indiana, August 21, 1848, and was but two years and eight months old when his parents set- tled in Decatur County. He has always lived on the homestead which his father en- tered April II, 185 1, and was educated in the public schools of Decatur County His father's estate has never been divided, and is now managed by him. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of Decatur Lodge, No. 109, A. F. & A. M. -JG- -£>- mJ^ M. BRAMMER. farmer and stock- raiser, resides on section 26, Richland Township, where he owns 120 acres of land. He was born in Jackson County, Indiana, March 25, 1833, a son of Alexan- der and Elizabeth (Morgan) Brammer, residents of Richland Township. His grandfather, Robert Brammer, died in 1882, aged ninety-three years. Mr. Bram- mer was reared a farmer, and has always followed that vocation. He came to Iowa in 1855 and settled in Decatur County. In 1875, ne, with his father and their fam- ilies, went to California and Oregon with the intention of settling in the West, but not liking the country, they returned to Iowa the same year. Mr. Brammer has served his township in several official ca- pacities. He has been township assessor and treasurer, secretary of the School Board, justice of the peace from 1857 to 1875, township clerk, two terms, and jus- tice of the peace again from January, 1883, m ;♦;!* :♦::♦! :♦:;« .♦♦. 664 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. to the present time. He was married in his native county July 4, 1852, to Nancy A. Briner, also a native of Jackson County, Indiana, born December 8, 1832, daughter of Peter and Diadama (Silence) Briner. They have six children — Clarissa, John A., Louisa, Marion, Lavina E. and Henr}-. Clarissa is the wife of John Acton; John A. married Mary Acton, and has one child — Lefa; Louisa is the wife of E. E. Wadsworth, and has two children — Mary and Will- iam F.; Marion married Lucinda Wycoff and has two children — Mary and Martha; Lavina E. is the wife of Albert Jimmerson and has two children — Henry S. and An- na E. .^^. ^l-^ fAMES VAIL, farmer and proprietor of the Ohio House, at Garden Grove, is a son of Ephraim and Elizabeth Vail, who were prominent pioneers of De- catur County, witnessing all the features of a frontier life, and enduring all the hard- ships and toils of the early settler. Ephraim Vail came to Decatur County in 1861, and settled in Garden Grove, where he built a house with two rooms. In this building he reared a large family of children, and ac- commodated the traveling public. Dur- ing the first years of his residence here immigrants were so numerous that he was often obliged to keep from twenty-five to fifty persons at one time. Realizing that his custom was too laige for his building, in 1868 he built a large and commodious hotel, the first one in Garden Grove, in which he did a thriving business, and it is now the leading hotel in the place. Mr. Vail died in . Mrs. Vail survives, at the age of eighty-four, and is living with her daughter. They had eleven children. James Vail was born in Ohio, in 1850. He was reared on a farm, and possessed a lib- eral degree of tact, which, with his large experience, has enabled him to carve out a successful career for himself. He makes a specialty of fine horses, and has one Eng- lish draught horse eight years old, weighs 2,000 pounds; St. Nicholas, trotting horse, sired by Wilson's horse, Blue Bull, of Rushville, Indiana, and one Norman stal- lion, weighing 1,750 pounds. Mr. Vail and his brother, Peter, own 640 acres of land, and also, in partnership with his sis- ters, Elizabeth and Christine, he owns the Ohio House, which he has recently re-fur- nished and repaired, until it is now one of the best hotels in Decatur County. He has been " mine host " of this house since his father's death, long enongh to render himself popular with the traveling pubHc. His genial manner has won for him the confidence of all who favor him with their patronage. Mr. Crego, his clerk, is the right man in the right place. Mr. Vail's sisters superintend the house. Mr. Vail owns 320 acres of land, besides his partner- ship interests. Politically he is a Repub- lican. -S>— o- K. RICHARD, farmer, Garden Grove Township, was born in Mer- cer County, Pennsylvania, in 1840, son of William and Harriet (Madg) Rich- ard. The former was a native of Penn- sylvania, and died inn 881; the latter was born in England, and died in 1885. A. K. was reared a farmer and immigrated to the West in 1854, settling in Henderson Coun- ty, Illinois, where he lived until 1879. ^^^ then removed to Wayne County, and a year later came to Decatur County. He was married in McDonough County, Illi- nois, in 1864, to Mary E. Oglesby, a distant relative of Governor Oglesby. She was born in Warren County, Illinois, Novem- ber 14, 1844, and was a daughter of Willis and Sarah (Scott) Oglesby. Their children are — Lena, wife of L. D. Richard; Sarah H., William S., OUie E., Martha A., Ed- :♦'•♦■ :♦;>; m. :♦"♦; >::♦: »::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >"♦; ;'•::♦: >:>: :♦"♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >;>: :♦::♦; [♦::♦: >.:♦: >::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;>: :♦!:♦ :«::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦!;♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :c* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: Wi :♦:;♦: »::♦: »:»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: !«:« !«:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: [♦::♦: :♦::»: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: »::♦: »::♦: >:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::« :-»"*: :♦::«: ;♦::«: >>: >.♦! :♦:♦: >:♦: >:♦; >;♦: >::♦; ♦'•; .♦.♦: ;♦:;♦: >::«•: :♦::«! >:♦: :«:>: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦:;♦: :♦'»: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;« :♦;;♦: >;.♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;* :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::« ;♦"♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;«::«! :♦:>; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :*:«5 :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:*• :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :«:.»: :♦:;♦: :♦,>: :♦.:♦: :♦:;«! :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: *.♦; >:♦: >:♦; :♦;;♦; >.:♦: :♦.;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: >:>: :«::•': :♦.;♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦.;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:♦; ;♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: *'♦: :♦'♦: ♦ ♦ BIOGRAPinCAL SKETCHES. 665 ward K., Robert T., Lulu M. and Arthur C. Mr. and Mrs. Richard are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Richard is a Democrat. His postoffice ad- dress is Garden Grove. ^Ko- -<:■«• f HOMAS MORGAN, one of the active and enterprising farmers of Center Township, residing on section 2, is a native of the State of West Virginia, born in the ^ear 1833. He was reared to agri- cultural pursuits \\\ his native Slate, and has always followed that avocation. When a young man he came West, locating in Missouri, where he made a farm. He was married while living in that State to Miss Rebecca Wolf, and to this union have been born five children whose names are as fol- lows — Edward, Peter C, Lillie D., Dixon and Lucy. Mr. Morgan subsequently came to Iowa, his first residence in the State be- ing on a farm in Richman Township, Wayne County, where he resided till mak- ing his home in Center Township, Uninn County. His success in his (arming oper- ations is due to his industrious habits and good management, and from a small begin- ning he has acquired a line property, his home farm in Center Township containing 300 acres of valuable land, well-improved and under fine cultivation. fOHN D. BURNS has been a resident of Garden Grove since 1855, coming here directly from his native State, Ohio. He is now sixty-nine years of age. Early in life he engaged in the mercantile business, which occupation he followed sev- eral years after coming to this county. He was at one time a resident of Michigan, where he was honoreil with two important gubcrnalional appointments, and although unsought by him, he was elected a mem- ber of the Constitutional Convention to revise the constitution of the State, and so popular was he in the county where he re- sided, that he was not only elected by a handsome majority, but polled a heavy vote ahead of his ticket. Since leaving mercantile life " Uncle Jcjhn " has been en- gaged in farming and in raising and deal- ing in stock, and has laid up a sufficient competence to not only sustain him and his good wife the remainder of their days, but will have something left for his children. When Garden Grove became incorporated two years ago Mr. Burns was elected mayor by his townsmen, which position he still holds. He has always been among the first to engage in any enterprise that had for its object the good of the public, or to aid worthy subjects of charity, always ready to do even more than his share. He is the present postmaster at Garden Grove. TW II. KNOWLES. proprietor of the til >v Woodland Mills, is a native of T^j ' Maine, born July i, 185 1, a son of C. F. and Mary (Spurr) Knowles. His father died in 1865, and the same year his mother moved with her children to Black Hawk County, Iowa, where he was reared and educated, attending the schools of Waterloo, and the Denizen Academy. In 1869 he went to Dakota, where he remained until 1875. engaged in operating a circular saw. In 1S75 he re- turned to Iowa, anil lived eighteen months in Garden Grove, and then went to Mis- souri, and was employed in running cir- cular saw-mills in Harrison and Mercer counties, until 1885, when he located in W^oodland. He is a man of intelligence and good business qualifications, and is held in high esteem in both business and social circles of Woixlland. His mill- :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦♦ > * > ♦ >♦ ;♦ ■» :♦ . ;♦ ' >,» >:« !»» ;♦•> > - ;♦.♦, >.;♦' >*' >> > < >::♦: :♦::* :♦:;♦■ :♦::» ;♦♦ :♦* :♦ '. ;♦ ■• >.♦. *S >::« >:♦' > > .♦•> ;♦' > •■ :♦ » >> :♦ ♦ :♦ '■• :*• »♦ > • :♦♦ ;♦:♦ ;♦* ;♦♦ :♦> :♦♦ *< ;♦ ♦ :♦<■ :♦♦ :♦■» :•♦ >♦ :♦♦ :♦ « :♦♦ > ♦ :♦> :♦> :♦ ♦ > < ;♦ ♦ :♦ <• !♦♦ :♦* !♦.♦ !•* !» ■> >* .*♦ :♦ « :•♦ :** ;♦ ♦ :« • > * :♦♦ :♦ ♦ :•♦ :♦♦ ♦ ♦ :♦'♦ :* • ' ♦..♦.♦.♦: .♦ :♦. ,♦ :♦: ♦ .♦. :♦ .♦ .♦. ,♦ .♦ .♦ .♦. .♦ :♦ ;♦ .♦ .♦ .♦ ♦ ♦. .♦ .♦. ,♦. ,♦ ;♦, ,♦ ,♦; .♦.♦■.♦:♦:♦.♦ »..♦>;.♦.♦:;♦>;:♦..♦ >::c»;>::*:ccc*;!C'»>;:»::c»;>::*>;>;»;;*:»;*;>>>;:«»x*:cc«»;>::«»::^^ 666 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. building is a two-story frame, fitted with the best mill machiner}', an eighteen horse- power engine, and a thirty horse-power boiler, with a capacity of 600 bushels every twenty-four hours. He turns out first- class work, and has a good trade from the surrounding country. -♦-i»»^»-i5«f^S>tf5«f-*«tf5 ♦"«;«:*;;*::c*:»::««»::*:;*»;:c«>:»::*:>"«:*"«:::* :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:* :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: ■*:♦; >;:♦; :♦:;♦: :*:♦: >;;♦; ;♦:>; ;♦;!♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;>; :♦:>: >:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;♦; >:>■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦) >!>; :♦>: >:>: ;♦:>: ;♦;:* :♦::♦: >:>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; *;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦) ;♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦; >::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;«• :•:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;*:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ':•::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; :»::♦: :♦::♦: ••::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:*; ;♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; !»:;♦; .♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:*' ;♦:.♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :*::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>; :«::♦: :♦"♦":♦;•♦: :♦::♦::♦;;« :♦.'♦: :*:«: :♦::♦: »:»: *:♦: ;•::♦: :♦;♦: :•»::♦: ;♦"♦: ;♦::♦: !»;>: :♦::♦: >::♦; *;♦: :♦::•: !*::«: :«::«: :*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; !»::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »: ;•>: :♦:;♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: '♦':♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:♦: .4.'*: :♦:■•• :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: *♦: *::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: .** *:♦; :♦:,♦: :♦"♦! WW. WW. w.w. w:w. !•:;♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; WW. w.w. w.w. w.w w.w. w.w. w.w w.w w.w. w.w. w.w. WW. w.w. WW. >:♦; ;•::♦: !♦:.♦; w.w. w.w w.w :*♦: ;♦:♦: w.w :* ♦: :♦:,♦: ■»♦: '♦>: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. soiiri, in 1849, ^o California Williams, daughter of Andy and Mary A. Williams, born in Kentucky, August 28. 1827. Mr. and Mrs. Allen have seven children — Mary, wife of Silas Acton, and they have five children — Ida B., Charles A., Lizzie, Stella and George A.; Rose B., married John Bohall, and they have two children — An- drew and Olive J.; James, married Sarilda Bohall: (). P. A., Charles, William and Samuel L. Mr. Allen has held the office or school director and road supervisor. When he started on his present farm he had only 50 cents. He traveled in 1849 '"> the first railroad ever built in Ohio. His grandfather, Joseph Allen, was a half brother of the noted Etiian Allen; he served all through the Revolutionary war. Politically Mr. Allen is a Republican. Postoffice, Westerville. *«o- -=i4« M. REEDER is one of the active business men of Lamoni, and has * been identified with the interests of this place since its beginning. He was born m Posey County, Indiana, Februar\- 16, 1 84 1, a son of Isaac and Jane (Drake) Reed- er, who were natives of South Carolina and Kentuck}', respectively, both now de- ceased. Our subject was reared to man- hi>od on a farm in his native county, remaining there till he enlisted in tlie late war, October 17, 1861, a member of Com- pany C, Sixtieth Indiana Infantry. His first engagement was at Munfordville, Kentucky, and soon after, at the battle of Shiloh, most of his brigade was captured, but was shortly afterward parolkd, and in November, 1862, he was exchanged. In the Thirteenth Corps he participated in the assault at Chickasaw Bluffs, under General Sherman, and later was in the line of the capture of Arkansas Post, where his regi- ment met with quite a severe loss in the campaign ending in the capture of V^icks- burg. With the Thirteenth Cor[)S he par- ticipated in the Red River campaign, and near the close of the war at the capture of Spanish Fort. He was a gallant and faith- ful soldier, and passed unscathctl through nineteen battles and many skirmishes. He was a second time captured in the Red River cam])aign, making his escape with a comrade, A. L. Thompson, from Ale.xan- dria, October 17, 1864, after being a pris- oner two months and twelve days. They reached the Union lines with five rebel prisoners they had ca|iturc(l, and in con- sideration for this act, Mr. Reeder was given a pass, and excused from regimental duty for three months. He received an honorable discharge at Indianapolis, March 27, 1865. After the war his parents made their home in White County, Illinois. He was united in marriage August 17, 1865,10 Miss Anna White, a daughter of William B. White, a former resident of Charleston, Illinois, where he was one of the leading lawyers in that part of the State. He is now deceased, dying in thcj'ear 1877. Mrs. Reeder was born near Charleston, in 1847. Mr. and .Mis. Reeder have six children- Mary A., married and living in Brashcar, Missouri ; Lillie B., Mattie J., Laura M., William I. and Jidia E., living at home. Mr. Reeder was for a time engaged in busi- ness at Dc Sotf), Jackson County, Illinois and later in Springcrton, White County, Illinois, from whence he came, in 1878, to Lamoni, Decatur County, Iowa. The first year after coming here he followed car- pentering, and early in the year 1880 he engaged in the general mercantile business with Wilson Hudson, with whom he was associated a little more than a year. I le dis- posed of his interest to his partner in July. 1881, and in September following began dealing in agricultural implements, which he followed • until March, 18S5, when he again engaged in the mercantile trade at .♦ ♦. >:♦' >:* ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ,♦ ♦ :♦ * >:* :♦> :♦* :*.•: :•> ,♦♦: ♦ ♦. .* »: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. .♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦ ♦, ♦ ♦. .♦.♦: .♦ ♦. .* *: .♦ ♦: ;♦ ♦: .♦:♦; :♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ *' ♦ ♦ .♦♦. :♦.:♦; :♦* >::♦: ;♦.:♦: :♦::♦; .<• ♦ .♦.♦. :♦*■ :♦:♦: :♦.:♦. :♦:♦: :♦.:♦; :♦;:♦; ,♦.;♦: ;♦;♦; :♦.:♦. :♦* :♦* :♦::♦: :♦:♦: .♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:* :♦:♦: :♦.♦■ ♦:•: ♦ ,♦' ♦ ♦. « ♦; ■♦V .♦'♦: :♦♦: ♦ V .♦..♦. :♦,.♦. :•:♦: :♦♦; ;♦ ♦ ^ V '*■ '^' V 'I ♦ >~ ♦' > ♦ ♦ ♦. ♦♦♦'♦*♦♦•» .♦- .♦. >..*•- .♦. .*■- .♦. .♦. .*. .♦. .♦..♦. .^. .♦..♦. -•. .♦. .♦. .♦. .♦. .♦. .*. .*. .•*. .♦. .♦..♦. .♦. .♦..♦. -♦. .♦. * -♦. .♦- -♦. .♦. .♦. .♦. .♦. .*. .♦..♦. .♦. .♦. .*. ♦. ^, # .♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ <■ <•' :♦;»: '§§ 668 HISTORr OF DECATUR COUNTS :♦::♦: !»::« »::« ;♦::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;«:♦: »:;♦: »:.« »: :♦::« :♦::♦; ;♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;« ;♦::« »>: :♦:<»: %:♦: ;«;« :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: %:♦: »:;♦: ;♦>: :♦::*■ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: iK*; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:!'»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;»: :♦:;♦" :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: Wi Wi :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦"♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:'»: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: '♦;;♦: :♦:.♦: .♦:♦: :♦::♦;:♦: ;♦;»: Lamoni, and July, 1886, he sold out his stock of goods for a farm in Ringgold County, but yet owns his residence and business property at this place. In politics Mr. Reeder casts his suffrage with the Democratic party. fOHN J. SEARS resides on section 12, Center Township, where he settled in the spring of 1866. He purchased his farm of W. H. McCaulley,and it comprises 120 acres. He owns 100 acres elsewhere in the township. Mr. Sears is a represent- ative of one of the pioneer families of Iowa. He was born in Macoupin County, Illinois, in 1833. When he was three years of age his father, Daniel Sears, immigrated to Iowa with his famil}-, settling in Jeffer- son County. Daniel Sears was a native of Kentucky, and his wife, Elizabetii Martin, was a native of North Carolina. John J. lived on the old homestead in Jefferson County until he came to Decatur County, his father coming at the same time, and re- siding iiere until his decease ; his mother has since died. Mr. Sears was married in Jefferson County, to Miss Mary Phillips, a native of Oh io. They have six children — Ira, Susan, Lewis, Mary, Angeline, and Grover Cleveland. fESSE ROBERTS is a native of Wayne County, Indiana, a son of Jesse and Amy (Co.k) Roberts, natives of North Carolina, who immigrated to Indiana about the year 1820. They died when our sub- ject was a mere lad, he being left to battle life for himself at the age of eleven years. He lived until manhood in his native State, working for farmers, and also in his youth learned the blacksmith's tratle. He was married in Indiana to Miss Isophenia Baker, daughter of Joseph and Rachel (Dilworth) Baker. After his marriage he located in Noblesville, Hamilton County, Indiana, where he worked at his trade, and subsequently moved to Decatur County, Iowa. He bought 360 acres of land in Franklin Township. This he afterward sold, with the exception of forty acres of timber, and in 1858 bought his present farm of 400 acres, which he has improved and put under a good state of cultivation. Mr. Roberts is a purely self-made man, his accumulations being the result of an in- dustrious, well-spent life. He is one of the influential citizens of the township, and has held various offices of trust. He is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, and has taken the Knights Templar degrees. Mrs. Roberts is a member of the Christian church. They have had six children — Mahala Z., Emma I., Rachel E., Jesse A., Webster T. and Lincoln Freedom. Mahala is deceased. -o— tS^ «-G>-o- |pi,ENRY STANLEY, section 7, Grand River Township, is a native of Craw- ford County, Pennsylvania, born De- cember 27, 1836, a son of C. and Eliza (Van Winkle) Stanley, his father a native of Cayuga County, New York, and his mother of New Jersey. He remained in his native count}- until manhood, and in the spring of 1859 came to Iowa and bought eighty acres of wild land in Decatur County, where he now resides. He hrst built a small box house, and commenced to improve his land and make a home. He was the first settler on the prairie, there being but one house within seven miles west of him, and one house between his place and Funk's Mills. He has added to his original purchase, until he now owns 220 acres, which are under good cultiva- tion, and has a pleasant storj' and a half liouse the main part built in 1885. sur- *** •»;■«•; :♦::♦: :♦::«: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »>: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: ;♦:;♦: »:;♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »"♦: »:'♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:<»: :♦::♦: »::♦: »::« :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•»:;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :<»"♦: ' :♦"♦: !«:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:,♦: :«:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: !♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«': :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦::♦: :♦::♦::« »♦■*':♦;♦"♦♦ >.♦ :♦♦. :♦:♦; '.*V. ;♦;♦: »; >:♦! >♦. :♦.♦: >.♦; >■*: ♦ :♦: ♦;♦: >:♦: .♦;•! ♦♦; .♦;•; ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦ ♦ ,♦; .♦;♦] ,♦::♦: -♦;♦; ♦>; ♦>; ♦:♦: .♦:♦: ♦>: ♦.;♦; ♦:;♦; ♦ * ♦;.♦: .♦:>; ;♦::«. >"♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦;;♦: :•::♦; >!>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::« >"«; :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::«! :♦:>: :♦;:•« :♦::♦: :♦::« !»:;'*! :♦:>: :«::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« >;:♦: :«:;♦: :«:;♦: :♦;>; :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:>: :♦:;«> :«!:♦: :«::•': >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;« >::♦: ;«::«•: :♦:*• :♦::*: :«:« :♦::« :♦:.« :«::« :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦::« :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« !»:;«■; :♦::•: :♦:;«; »::« :♦::♦: »::« :♦;:♦: > < ;♦ H B/OGRAPH/CAI. SKETCJIES. MiU rounded with sliade and ornamcntnl trees. His farm buildings arc good and his farm betokens the thrift and energy of its owner. December 19. iS6j, .Mr. Stanley was mar- ried to Miss Hann.ili E. Vance, a native of Tennessee, daughter of Hugh and Racliel (Blair) Vance. They have had nine chil- dren, one of whom, Mary, is deceased. Tiiose living are — L. W., Wendell, Raciiel, Emma, Ida, Anna, Selby and Bertha. In politics Mr. Stanlev is a Republican. He has served his township as trustee, assessor, treasurer and as a member of the School Board. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Lo Ige N). 437. When .Mr. Stanley commenced life for himself, he had but $ioo, but bv industry and good management he has acquired a fine prop- erty valued at from S5,030 to $8,000. His father's family consisted of ten children — John, Henry, C. W., Mary Jane, L. C, Viola, Julia, Eugene, Bertha and Mavberry. ^URRAN GENTRY, section 14, Bloomington Township, is a native of Madison County, Kentucky, born March 29, 1835, a son of Thomas J. and Elizabeth (Mullins) Gentry, his father a na- tive of Kentucky and his mother of Albe- marle County, Maryland. His father was a prominent attorney of Madison Count v, and was three times elected to the State Legislature, once running against Casius M. Clay. Curran Gentry was the fiftii of a family of seven children, the others being — Charles, Ruskin, Josiah, Ann H., Tliomas J. and Wayne. He lived in his native county until manhood, his early life being spent on the farm. His education was obtained in the schools of his State, completing it at the Richmond Seminary. In 1854 he went to Florida, making the journey on horseback, and remained there three years, engaging in buying and selling mules and horses. In 1S57 he came to Iowa, antl located in Hamilton Township, Decatur County, making his home with his uncle, William .Mullins, one of the old pioneers. In 1SO6 he removed to Burrell Township, where he lived five years, and then moved to Terre Haute, Missouri, where he lived eighteen months, and in 1873 located on his present farm, whicli was improved by Adam Beck. His farm is under a high state of cultivation, with a good two-st(iry residence, erected in 1885, the main part being i6 x 24, and the wing 16 \- 20 feet in dimensions. His orchard, farm buildings and other appurtenances are all excellent, and altogether his farm is one of the best in the township. Mr. Gen- try has always taken an interest in public affairs, and although not an aspirant for official honors, has at the request of his fellow citizens served them at different times. In politics he is a Greenbacker, having formerly been a Whig, and then a Republican. He is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternit)-, Decatur Lodge, No. 109. Mr. Gentry was married June 28, 1864, to Mary S. May, who was born in Putnam County, Indiana, but reared in Decatur Coimty, Iowa, a daughter of John and Clarissa May. Her mother died Tebruary 8, 1880, and her father is still a resident of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Gentry have five children — Adclla May, Ducky, Vir- ginia, Kffic and Clara Susan. T.WORDEN is a native of Dutchess County, New York, born in Novem- 1* ber, 1846, a son of Jarcd N. and Maria M. (Dentor) Worden. He was reared a farmer, receiving his education in the public schools. When he was eleven years of age, in 1S57, his i)arents moved to Decatur County, Iowa, and here he was reared to manhood. He has always given :♦.♦. > ♦ :♦.;♦. :♦:♦: !♦::♦: .*:♦: >!>; >:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦; ». :♦:♦: :♦;:♦: >:♦; :♦::* :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦!*: >::♦: :♦;:♦; >';♦: >:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:>: >;:♦: >:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;** :♦::« :♦::♦• :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :*:>: >::♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦;>: :♦::« :♦:>: :«::♦: >::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: !*:»: >:>: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: !♦,;♦: :♦.;♦; :c* !♦::♦; !»::<•: »::♦: »:>: '»:.*. !*.:«: !•:;«: :♦.:«: !»::♦: »::«': :♦;:♦: »::*: :♦;:* :♦:♦: :♦:*■ ;♦::« :«::« ;♦':«; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !•::♦; »:♦: »»; :♦:♦: :♦::« ♦:*:♦■♦:♦"♦-♦♦':♦ ■ :♦;:♦:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦:>: :«::♦: :♦::♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: »/:»: »:>: :♦;■♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;■♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: !»;':«': :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: <»::♦: »::♦: »•;♦: :♦!:♦: ■*;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::'»: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: >:;«•: »:>; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; ■*>: ;♦,♦, *':*. :♦.;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: >;>; :♦::♦: :♦::«■: ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: »;:♦: w.v. :♦::♦:* *:♦:;♦: :♦::♦»::♦: •♦:•♦"«:♦::♦: :♦:;♦; *;* :♦:;♦: >:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:•: :«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:»: :«::♦: ;♦:;♦; >::♦: w.w. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::* :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; >;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦.;♦; :♦;•»; :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::••; >"♦: :♦;>: :♦"♦: »; >"♦: •♦;>: >::* :♦:;♦; >"♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: >"♦: >;>; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:>; :♦:>; :♦;>; :♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦;>; :*;:^ :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ^^ >"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; >:>; .>::♦: :♦::♦: „ >!>; •:♦>>:♦::♦: :♦;;♦:>>::♦; 670 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. his attention to agricultural pursuits, and now owns a fine farm of 120 acres, his building improvements being commodi- ous and convenient. He has entirel}' lost the sight of one eye, the result of a stroke from a corn-stalk. Mr. Worden is in poli- tics a Republican. His wife is a member of the Christian church. He was married in 1874, to Miss Kittie Starr, daughter of Joseph and P. F. (Chapman) Starr. They have four children — Myrtle Irene, Lewis E., Joseph E. and Fred. fOSEPH CREES, one of the worthy pioneers of Decatur Count)', and a prosperous and enterprising agricult- urist of Grand River Township, where he resides, on section i, is a native of Alle- gheny County, Pennsylvania, born October 5, 1814, his parents, Henr}' and Mary M. (Haney) Crees, being natives of the same State, his father born in Penn's Valle}-, in Berks County, and the mother born at Clearfield, in Clearfield County. They reared a family of ten children whose names are — John, Esther, David, Elizabeth, James, Joseph, Henry, Philip G., Jecob and Mary Ann. Joseph, our subject, passed his early life in working on the home farm, and in a saw-mill, receiving a limited education in the subscription schools of those early days. He was united in marriage, in February, 1834, to Miss Catherine Ann Coppersmith, who was born in Westmoreland Count)-, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Michael and Catherine (Kounce) Coppersmith, and to this union were born eleven children — Michael, Re- becca, J. F., Maria, Henry, Catherine, Sarah, Joseph, Anna D., and two who died in early childhood. In 1845 Mr. Crees started for the Territory of Iowa, going down the Ohio River to the Mississippi, then up the Mississippi to Fort Madison, and located in Jefferson County, where he entered 140 acres of land from the Govern- ment. He improved his land in Jefferson County, living on it till 1854, when he came to Decatur County, and entered 480 acres of Government land on section 6, Decatur Township; 120 acres of Government land on section i, and forty acres on section 12, Grand River Township, all his land being in one bodv. He first built a los: cabin on section 6, Decatur Township where he com- menced improving his land. In 1859 he removed across the line into Grand River Township; where he has made his home. He has a good two-story residence, built with all modern improvements, and sur- rounded by beautiful shade trees, and has a large and commodious barn for his stock and grain, and on his land he has a fine orchard. Mr. Crees at one time owned 740 acres, but has divided a large portion of it among his children, )et still retains 205 acres, which is one of the best farms in the county. He was bereaved by the death of his wife, January 30, 1883. She was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, Mr. Crees being a mem- ber of the same church, in which he holds the position of steward. He has always taken an active i»itei"estin religious or edu- cational matters, and in every enterprise which tends to the advancement of his county, he being one of the pioneers who helped build the roads, bridges, school- houses and churches in this county. *»o- ->-*— -<«• LI DODD, retired farmer, is a resi- dent of Garden Grove, and owns 240 acres of land in High Point Town- ship, all in a good state of cultivation. Mr. Dodd was born in Virginia, December 4, 1829, a son of R. W. and Irena Dodd, also natives of Virginia. He was reared on a farm, and has followed that vocation suc- >:»::4':>:»::«i>::'i'::«:>:>:;«::«.>>:.«:>:>i:<»>::<«>::cc<»>>>::c*^ • •r*******:***'*»T»«»;» »:*• ♦ ♦: -.•♦: *♦: ■>♦: ♦ ♦: »♦: ♦ :♦: ♦ :♦: ♦ * ♦ ;♦: >♦: *:♦: ♦ :♦: ♦ .* »::« s*; !«:« :c*: ♦ .♦; ♦ ♦: » ♦: ♦ ♦: i ♦: V*: *♦; ♦ ♦; :«::«: >:;♦: )►::♦: >::♦: »:;♦: »:;♦: !»:<»: !»:;« »;:«: »::'»: :*:♦: ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ;«:)»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: -- > ■> \ :♦::♦: :c«i »"♦: "•: <•♦: ♦.♦: m.v. :♦"*: :♦"* ■■'♦: ,- ♦: » ♦; ««: ♦:♦; ♦;♦! ♦;♦: «:•: ♦>: ♦,♦; ♦:♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦' ♦.♦: ♦:*■ ♦:♦: ♦ ♦' P ft* BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHED. ii;i ccsstiiUy, as his tine larm bears testiinony. Mc started in life witli iiothini^ but stronj; hands and a willing mind. His early edu- | catit:)n was limited. He removed to Iowa | and settled in Appanoose County, where he remained twenty-seven years, and came to Decatur County m 1877. His parents \ are both living. He was mairied in Ap- | panoose County, to Agnes Litchy, who | died in 18S4. They had four children — j Thcna A., wife of Joseph Warrington; Charles; Laura, wife of Newton [3aumgard- ner; Mary, wife of William Stiles, of High Point Township. Mr. Dodd commenced his life work bv breaking prairie, which he followed nine years. His son lives on his farm. 1 Ic has settled in Garden Grove where he can enjoy the fruits of a well- spent life. Politically he is a Republican. His great-grandfather served in the war of 1.S12. l.Ll AM P. CONKLE settled upon is present farm in Center Town- ship, in November, 1868. He was born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, in 1825, wlicre he was reared to manhood. 1 lis father, Henry Conkle, was born in Germany, and came to America when a voung boy, settling in Beaver County, where he lived until his death, which oc- curred in 1846. His mother, Christina Shaffer, was a native of Lebanon, Pennsyl- vania, and died in 1 84 1 . She was the second wife of Henry Conkle. By the first marrige there were eight children, and four by the second. All of the first children aredcceased. except two— Polly and Samuel ; the second children are all living — Henry and Martha, twins; Henry living on the old homestead in Pennsylvania, and ^L1rtha the wife of Charles Swyford, of Clarke County, Iowa; William P., our subject, and Mrs. Margaret Russell, of Colorado. April 6, 1848, Mr. Conkle was married in Beaver County to Miss Rebecca S. Stewait, who was b(jrn in West Virginia, September 3, 1824. Her father, Benjamin Stewart, was born in Westmoreland Count), Pennsylvania, and her mother, Rebecca (Cochren) Stewart, was a native of West Virginia. They were married in Virginia, and removed to Beaver County, where they remained until their death. Her father died November 4, 1854, and the inother in 1869. There were twelve children, eight of whom grew to ma- turity. The four that are living are — Robert N., now living upon the old homestead in Beaver County; Rebecca, now Mrs. Conkle; Samuel resides in Parkcrsbiirg, West Vir- ginia, and was born in 1828. and Elihu, who lives in Ohio. In 1853 Mr. Conkle removed with his family to Columbiana County, Ohio, where they lived until they came to Iowa, in 186S. They have no children of their own, but have reared two boys, chil- dren of Mrs. Margaret J. Anderson, a sister of Mrs. Conkle, and widow of John Anderson, who died while in the service of the Government, during the war of the Re- bellion. The names of the boys are — John Edward and .Albert A. Mr. and Mrs. Conkle are members of the Methodist Epis- copal church, at Leon, and politically he is independent. *l*o- ^¥f»' jNDREW PETTIS, a prominent farm- er and stock-raiser, resides on section 5, Garden Grove Township, where he owns 306 acres of excellent land. He was born in Knox County. Indiana, in 1822, a son of David and Eunice (Cary) Pettis, na- tives of Vermont and New York respect- ively. He was reared on a farm, and has always followed that vocation. He came to Iowa .April 2, 184S. He rented a room in Keokuk, for whicli he paid $4aday, and left his wife there and started out to find a place to locate. 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Van Bureii County, and paid $i for the privilege. After being gone two da\s he started to return. He tried to hire a team, but as the charges were $i a mile, and he thought that too high, he went back to town without it. He was not very favor- ably impressed with the people. He had but little money, as he was a poor boy, and when ten years old was bound out under the laws of Ohio, and received noth- ing but his board and clothes. He settled in Decatur County ini854, and entered 120 acres of land. He has added to this until now he has one of the finest farms in the township. He commenced life for himself by chopping cord-wood, at 75 cents a cord. He has acquired a competency by hard work, econom}- and perseverance. He has some very fine stock. Noticeable among his horses is Norman, an English draught- horse, and Am)-, the best horse in the coun- ty. Mr. Pettis was married in Hamilton County, Ohio, in 1847, to Sarah McCart- ney, a native of Brown County, Ohio. They had ten children, seven of whom are living — Francis M., Martha J., wife of Ly- man Hill ; Charles H., Will A., George E., Lewis C. and Alva. Mrs. Pettis died in 1876, and in 1879 ^^''- Pettis was married to Mary J. Lee, who was born in Pennsyl- vania in 1834. Postoffice address. Weldon. H *^»t^^^«^;tf-« J- M. FERRY, farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section 21, Long Creek ® Township, where he owns 215 acres of e.xxellent land, beautifully situtated in Long Creek Valley. He was born in Washington County, Maryland, February 12, 1852, son of Israeland Sarah A. (Marrs) Ferr)-, natives of Ohio. He was married in 1864, to , and their children are- —Rebecca M. and Ella V. In 1876 Mr. Ferry went to California. In 1881 he came to Decatur County, and has since been en- gaged in farming and raising stock. He owns one (jf the best farms in Long Creek Township. He has one brother — F. M. Ferr)'. Himself and wife are members of the Holiness church. — o-|3;>-« — ^p— <=>-eC^-o— ?ri EWLS RHOADS, section 31, Bloom- mn '"S'^O'^ Township, Decatur Count}', is ^^ a native of Highland Count}', Ohio, born August 28, 1845, ^ son of Samuel and Catherine (Frump) Rhoads, who were na- tives of Virginia and Delaware respective- ly. They were the parents of the following children — Jacob, Nancy, John, Harriet, Lewis, Margaret, Minerva, Ellen, Samuel and Cary, Lewis being the fifth child. When he was seven years of age he was taken by iiis parents to Ross Count}, Ohio, where he remained till he enlisted in the late war, in August, 1862, a member of Company G, Sixtieth Ohio Infantry. He was in the engagements of Winchesterand Harper's Ferry, where he was taken pris- oner, but after being held a few days he was paroled, and taken in charge by the Government. He was ordered to Chicago till exchanged, and was finally discharged at Camp Denison, Ohio. He re-enlisted in August, 1863, in Company G, Thirty-third Ohio Infantry, and participated in the bat- tles of Resaca, Kingston, Georgia, Kenesaw I Mountain, siege of Atlanta, siege of Savan- i nail, and Bentonville, North Carolina, and was at the grand review at Washington. He received an honorable discharge at Camp Denison, Ohio, when lie returned to Ross County, Ohio, remaining there till 1871, when he came to Iowa. After living two years in Muscatine County, Iowa, he removed to Jewell County, Kansas, where he resided five years. He came to Decatur County, Iowa, in 1878, locating on his present farm, in March, 1884, where he has eighty-five acres under a high state of cul- > »■♦.♦.♦:.♦.:♦::♦:;♦::♦:;♦;;♦;:♦::♦::♦>:;♦::♦:>:;♦';♦'.♦■■♦;•♦>•♦ ■.itifit:^.>t:ff:i(:ff:jir:fi:)(:4(;4(:f(:f(:f(:4t:4if:4(;ff:4t;ft;)ii:tf;«:f. >••♦■♦■■♦■:♦•;♦;;«;♦:;♦-;♦;♦;♦;♦;♦.*••# 4 :«•.«■•♦;♦:♦:♦;♦;♦:♦:♦:♦: .♦»>XC«J^^ ♦ .• ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ >; ♦ ♦ ♦ •♦. ♦ ■« ;«■ :♦ > .♦ .♦ * ♦ :♦ •♦ ♦ :♦ ,♦■ * • :♦■ ■♦ '♦: »: :♦ ♦. ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦: .♦. .♦: :♦. .♦ :♦: :♦;:«::♦"* :♦::♦::♦:■♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:•»; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•«:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::« :♦>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: 'HCif. :♦:;♦: ;♦::'»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: »::« •»::♦: :♦:<»: :♦:;«: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;»: 'iCft. :♦::*: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: »;:♦: »::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: *:•!►: :♦::♦: '♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: •»;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;•»•; >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦:;♦::♦::♦: :♦::♦:♦::♦; ' ♦■♦>"♦♦♦ ^t-0»».-v.... ;♦..♦: >:♦: :♦::♦; >"♦; :♦;;•; :♦;;•! >"♦; :♦:;* MM :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::•; !»::* !♦::♦: :♦:;«! >::♦: :♦::« :♦;♦: >::«': >:>: >::♦: ;♦;;* :♦::«! :*:;♦: :«::♦: :♦:;■« ;♦::« >:>: >;* :♦;;« :«::«> :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >::«': :♦::♦: :♦::«> :♦::* :«::« :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦:;« :♦;;« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::•«! V.M »::♦! :♦::♦: :♦;*■ :♦;:«; :♦:;« :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦.>: :♦;:♦: :♦:>; >.:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ^ :♦:;«! :♦:■« :♦::♦: >:;♦: :«(:♦: :♦::« :♦;:«! :♦::•« :«:« :♦::♦: :♦:;«! :♦;:« :♦;:•»! :«:«■; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«>: :♦::«: :«::« :♦::« :«::♦: :♦::♦: :•:♦: :♦::«: »:<•! • :♦♦: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 07;. tiv.'ition, a conilortablc residence, and f^ood out-buildings for stock, antl a tine orchard. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, which he lias always followed, and is now successful!)' cngai^ed in farming antl stock- raising. Mr. Rhoads is still unmarried, and his mother makes her home with him. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Re- publican party. fF. BAKER, is a native of Steuben County, New York, born May 3, "> 1824, a son of Joseph and Mary (Ba- ker) Baker, his father a native of Massa- chusetts, and his mother of New York, a daughter of Samuel Baker, who was (he original owner of Pleasant V^alley, New York. When our subject was about three years old his parents moved to Seneca Countv, Ohio, where he was reared, his early life being passed on his father's farm. He obtained his education in the common schools and by private study, and when seventeen years old began teaching school, and taught nineteen terms in Ohio. In 1845 he bought eighty acres of land in Wy- andotte, Ohio. He cleared fifteen acres of heavy timber and set out an orchard, and in the fall of 1850 sold out his land, and the following spring started for the West. He made the journey with a Iwohorse team, and was si.K weeks on the road from Ohio to Decatur County. He entered the land that is his present farm from the Government, and lived on it about a year. He then went to Ray County, Missouri, where he was engaged in teaching school until 1855, when he returned to Decatur County and taught thirty-three terms within a few miles of his home, and seven terms in Dis- trict No. I, seven in District No. 2, three in District No. 3, si.\ in District No. 4, three in District No. 6, one in District No. 8, and six terms in High Point Townshi|>. He has been a successful teacher, and man\ of his pupils have since become teachers and prominent business men. Mr. Baker has served his township as trustee eight years, and district secretary eight years. He was one of the two secretaries at the first election held in Woodland Township. This was held at the house of Nat. Shields, in the spring of 1852. There were no judges, the other secretary being J. W. Darr. Six- teen votes were cast, the ballot box was a tin pail with a cover, and Mr. Baker wrote the tickets. Mr. Baker has always taken an active interest in the affairs of his town- ship, and in cducatujnal matters has been especially active, as his early life was so closely identified with that cause, and he has alwajs given liberally of his time and money to promote its advancement. He is a writer of considerable note, and is the author of the late version of "Yankee Doo- dle" (centennial song), and other pieces of merit. He was married in March, 1864, to Elizabeth A. Lcntz, and to them have been born four sons — Joseph E., John K., Rich- ard E. and Knox Polk. Mr. Baker has a pleasant home, his farm containing ninety- five acres of valuable land. His orchard is one of the largest in the township, hav- ing 380 bearing trees. tARROD LEONARD, farmer and stock-raiser, Long Creek Township, resides on section 23, where he owns 120 acres of land. He also owns forty acres on section 27, same township. He was born in Morrison County, Indiana, June 29, 1827, son of Henry and Martha (Raynor) Leonard, natives of North Caro- lina. He assisted his father on the farm until he was nineteen years of age, and in 1848 accomi^anied him to Iowa. He settled in Fairfield, Jefferson County, where he remained three vcars, then removed to >.♦. ;♦..♦. :♦::♦ .4 , :♦:♦ :♦:;♦: !♦:>. ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;•; ;♦.♦. :♦>■ .♦.♦ ;♦> :♦.;♦ :•::♦: :♦:;•: :♦:>: »: :♦::*: »; m. :♦::♦; :♦.:♦. :♦:♦: :♦::♦: >■> :♦::♦. :♦::♦' ;♦.:♦ :♦:;♦ >:♦ !♦.;♦ :♦.;♦. :♦:>; >>. :♦::♦ »:;♦: >.:♦ :«>: »: »: »' :♦> :♦:♦ :♦.;♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦. :♦;:♦: !»::• !•::•: :♦;♦. !»>: :c«. !»:♦: :•"♦ :♦:;♦: :♦> :♦"♦: %w. :♦;:♦: :♦::♦■ :♦::♦. ;♦'• :* » ♦ ♦ :♦♦ >»»:5r-;- 674 :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: »:;« :♦"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦; :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: •»::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .:♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦' :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ^^ »;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: »:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;*.:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: w.v. •»;* :♦::♦: ■*!♦: :♦:;♦! >:>; HISTORT OF DECATUIi CO V NTT. ;♦::♦: >..♦' ■•■*'. •' ♦: •■*: ■ •: *: - 'J ■ ■ <■ Wapello County, and thence, in 1866, to Decatur County. In 185 1 he was married, in Wapello County, to Mahala Thompson, born in Illinois, in 1833. They have seven children — Elmira, a widow; Catherine, wife of A. G. Spencer; James, living in Nebraska; Mary A., wife of David Polins ; Eliza, wife of Jefferson West, of Nebraska ; William, living also in Nebraska, and Fred- die, at home. Mr. Leonard commenced with very little means, and when he was married he was $75 in debt. He rented land at first, and by hard work and good management, assisted by his excellent wife, he saved enough in four years to purchase a home. He has assisted in giving all of his married children a good start in life. His land is in a good state of cultivation, and he has a pleasant home. He is honest, upright, energetic and hospitable, and is very popular with his neighbors. He has been a member of the School Board fifteen years. He is a member of the Christian church, and politically is an ardent Repub- lican. Postoffice, Grand River. "^T^f^ILLIS HINE, farmer and stock- .\/\|| raiser, section 21, High Point l^^=^i Township, was born in Milford, New Haven County, Connecticut, x\ugust 3, 1844, son of Daniel and Mary (Baldwin) Hine, also natives of Connecticut, who came to Decatur County in 1855, settling in Garden Grove, where they remained until their death. The father died No- vember 18, 1884, aged seventy -nine years, and the mother in 1878, aged eighty years. Their children were — George, of Connect- icut; Sarah, wife of Jackson M. Warner, a soldier in the late war ; Joel, of Connecti- cut, also a soldier ; Hiram, who died in the war, and Willis. The father served four years in the war, enlisting in Company F, Third Iowa Cavalry, and afterward in Company G, Fourth Iowa Cavalry. He served four years and six months. He was in the battles of Springfield, Pea Ridge, Savannah, Vicksburg and many others. Willis enlisted in Company D, Fourth Iowa Infantry, and served four years and seven months. He was in the battles of Mission Ridge, Pea Ridge, Vicksburg, Savannah, Atlanta, Fort Gibson, Dallas, New Hope Church and Buz- zard's Roost. After his discharge he served in the regular army three years ; went from Governor's Isle to Savannah, Georgia, thence to Florida, thence to Texas, thence to New Mexico. At Pea Ridge he was shot through both thighs. He returned from the army and went to New Haven, Connecticut, where he went into a sewing-machine factory at $50 a month. fOHN R. FRUITT resides on the south- west quarter of section 6, Eden Town- ship, where he settled in the spring of 1883. The first improvements were made bv Albert Ernest. He has seventy-three acres which were formerly timbered, prin- cipally with white oak. About fifty acres are improved. Mr. Fruitt was born in Mason County, Kentucky, March 5, 1819. He removed with his parents to Rush County, Indiana, in 1830, and later to Mon- roe County. His father, Elias S. Fruitt, spent the later )-ears of his life in Owen County, where he died, about the year 1872. His wife died several years before. Their nine children all grew to maturit)', and seven are still living. John R. is the only one living in Decatur County. James W., and a sister, Mrs. Sarepta E. Butler, are living in Indianola; one brother is in Cali- fornia, and the others are in Indiana. John R. Fruitt was reared and married in Mon- roe County. His first wife, Nancy Lagg, died in 1847, leaving three children. 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George, is now living. He married Ills present wife, formerly Lucincla J. Stokes, in Putnam County, Indiana, in 1849. She was born in that county December 6, 1830. Mr. and Mrs. Fruitt have had six children — Milford F., born in 1850; Lucin- da E., Sarah A. and Thomas N. Peter W. was born m 1852, and died at the age of twenty-four years. Mr. Fruitt was for- merly a Whig; his first presidental vote be- ing cast for \Vm. \\. Harrison, in 1840. Since the organization of the Republican party he has affiliated with that party. He is a member of the Methodist church. -*— -*<*•• ^ON. S. P. McNEIL, farmer and stock- raiser, section 2, High Point Town- ship, was born in Mason County, Kentucky, February 14, 1827, son of Domi- nie and Nancy (Pinkard) McNeil, the former a native of Maryland, and the latter of Virginia. They lived and died in Mason County. Mr. McNeil was reared to the vocation of a farmer until sixteen years ol age. He then learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed from 1843 i"if'l 1849, then enlisted in the Mexican war, and served one year with Captain Morgan's mounted dragoons. After the war Cap- tain Morgan was elected to Congress several terms. After being honorably discharged from service, Mr. McNeil clerked seven years in a large cotton ware- house, then immigrated to Wayne Count}-, Iowa, where he remained three years, and purchased a small farm. In 1861 he settled in Decatur County. February 16, 1859, 'i'-' was married in Garden Grove to Nancy Arnold, daughter of Sylvanus and Lucre- tia (Baker) Arnold, who was born in Seneca County, Ohio, in 1837. Of their nine children eight are living — Grace, Kate, wife of M. E. Wells, an attorney at Elwood ; Guy, of Montana; Edward R., of Iowa City ; Anna, a teacher, living at home ; Marv B., Nora and Ruth. Several of the children are college graduates. Mr. McNeil was elected to the Legislature on the Rci)ublican ticket, in 1873, serving a full term with satisfaction to his constitu- ents. He has held the (office of justice of the peace, and other minor township and school offices. He is at present ex tensively engaged in farming, being the owner of 800 acres of land. He is entirely a self-made man. His father died when he was but a few days old, leaving his mother with eight children. He commenced life poor, but l)v hard labor, good management, fair dealing, and the assistance of his excel- lent wife, he has acquired a large property. He is charitable antl benevolent. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Postofficc, Garden Grove. ^AMES SAGE, section 16, Grand River I Township, is a native of Saratoga I'ounty, New York, born August 25, 1823, a son of Bela and Polly (Gray) Sage, his father a native of .Salem, Massachusetts, and his mother of New York. He is the fourth of five sons. His brothers being Enoch, Sylvester, Perry and Henry. He remained in his native county until man- hood, and in his youth attended the com- mon schools. In June, 1845, he left home and went to Chicago, Illinois, then a village of a lew hundred inhabitants. He pro- ceeded toOswegti, Kendall County, Illinois where he lived about twelve years, and then went to Livingston County, the same State, where he was living at the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. August 20, 1862, he enlisied in Company E, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Illinois Infani ry. He participated in many hard battles and skirmishes, and for some time was en- gaged in guarding railroads. He was hon- .♦.♦ >!♦: > >' >>■ >.'♦. ;♦.♦; ♦ ♦ :♦:>: ;♦.:♦: :♦>: '♦:♦. >>. >:♦ :♦:♦; :♦;♦; ;♦:♦: ;♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;>: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦,;♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:>; ;♦:♦; :«::«: ;♦::♦: >:♦: ;♦:♦; ;♦';♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >:>: :♦,:♦: :♦:>: :♦:♦: :♦.♦; ;♦:♦: >>; :<•:>: :♦:;*: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦"♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:♦! >:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;>: '«;«; :♦:;« :♦,:♦: ;♦.;♦: :♦.:♦: >.:♦: :♦;♦: ;♦.;♦: :♦;♦: :*:*: :♦:♦: >:♦. :♦ ♦. .♦.♦: :♦;♦: :♦;♦: ;♦::♦. ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:♦: :♦.♦. ♦ A :♦.;♦; '!*:». :♦"•: :♦::♦: ♦'>: '♦':♦: *'*: ♦ '♦; ♦ '♦: « * ♦ ♦ »:;♦;:♦;: >::♦: »::♦: :♦::'«; »;:« :♦::« *H :♦::« :♦::« i :«:« :♦::« :♦;:« »:^ »::« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:♦; d'M »: »::« :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::« :♦;:« »::« :♦::♦: ♦?l :c« :♦::•« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::« :♦;:« :«:« :♦::•« :♦;:« ;♦:% :♦::« :♦::« i^ :♦::<« :♦;:« :♦::« »::« :«:« :♦;;« ;♦::« :c« mm :♦::« :♦:.« ;♦::« :♦::■« »::« :♦:»: »::« :♦:;« »::« »::« »::« :♦::« »::« :♦::« ;♦::« :♦::« :«:« »"♦: »::« »;:•« »:;« :♦::« ;«:« »::« »::« :♦:;♦: :«ai :♦::« :♦::« :♦::« :«♦:„ »::♦::♦: 676 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. orably discharged in June, 1865, at Washington City. While in the service the exposures and hardships he was obhged to endure resulted in disease, from which he has never fully recovered. In 1869 he moved from Livingston County, Illinois, to Decatur County, Iowa, and located on section 16, Grand River Township, where he has since lived. His land of which he has 320 acres is well watered b}- Elk Creek, and is well adapted to stock-rais- ing, at which enterprise Mr. Sage has been very successful. He was married Novem- ber 13, 1855, to Miss Martha G. Story, a sister of A. C. Story, a prominent attorney of Chicago, Illinois. They have fi^ur chil- dren — Julia, Emma, Eva May and Cyrus Perry. In politics Mr. Sage is a Repub- lican. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. P. ARNOLD, farmer and stock- raiser, ill Garden Grove Township, I® lives on section 35, where he owns 800 acres of land in a high state of cultiva- tion. He was born in Seneca County. Ohio, in 1843. His parents were Sylvanus and Lucretia (Baker) Arnold, who were among the first settlers in Decatur County, having settled here in 1852. They were hard-working people, and good managers, and had accumulated 1,800 acres of land. They had five children, two of whom are living — Ann, wife of S. W. Shepard, and the subject o( this sketch. The father served as justice of the peace several j'ears. He died in 1871, aged seventy years. The mother is living with her son, and is re- narkably smart for one of her age. Mr. Arnold is a well-educated man, and well informed upon the topics of the da}'. He was married in Decatur County in 1874, to Miss Elsie Howes, daughter of Nathan and Ereda (Baker) Howes, born in Wisconsin, in 1853. They have four children — Henry G., Helen E., Ethel F. and Alice P. Mr. Arnold served seven years as Deputy Marshal during the late war, and is a member of the Masonic fraternit3^ Politi- cally he is a Republican. He is handling short-horn cattle, and has a herd of fifteen thorough-breds. He is grazing most of the time. •^»!^»^^««5«I^ =ASON BENNETT, farmer and stock- fm raiser, resides on section 26, High Point Township, where he owns 200 acres of land. He was born in South Car- olina, April 21, 181 1, son of Roland and Elizabeth Bennett. He was reared a farm- er, and came to Decatur County in 1853, first entering eighty acres, then adding forties from time to time, until he has his present large farm. He was married in Indiana, in 1832, to Lizzie A. Abbott, born in Pennsyl- vania, in 1815. Their children are — Roland, of New Brunswick; Hiram, of Decatur County ; Samantha A., wife of John Baker, of Smith County, Kansas, and John K. When Mr. Bennett first commenced life for himself he worked out b\' day's work, then rented ground. When he was married he was poor — packed all he had under his arm. Both were in quite poor health. He lived ten years on White River, Indiana, and also in Schuyler County, near Spring- field, for a while. He lost one entire year' from sickness. He not unfrequentl}' chopped wood in order to earn a little money. At one time he obtained a job in the First National Bank, for which he re ceived $1 a day, then obtained employment in a saw-mill. He lived ten or twelve years in Schuyler County, where he met with financial success, although he lost three years from sickness. He removed to San- gamon Count)', where he managed a large farm for John Gillette. He at one time :♦:>;:♦; ;♦;;♦::♦: :*:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :«::'« >::♦: >;:♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: ;♦:>: »::♦: :♦"♦: :«;;♦: :♦::♦: [♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; .♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: »::«; :♦:;« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦: »::♦: >;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: !»::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:»: »;:♦: :♦::♦: '*:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::«:♦; »: :♦■»; ;♦ +, >, > :« ♦: »:.♦: »>: ;♦:♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: »rM :♦:;* :♦;:♦: !»:>: ;♦::♦; :♦::* !•:;•! :♦::••; ^ :♦:« :♦:;«; :♦:<»: ;♦:>: !»;:•« :♦::•»; :♦:♦: :♦;*•; :♦;:« »:*" :♦::♦: :♦::♦! ;♦"♦: ;♦>; <»:« ;♦:.♦; »:.♦; :*:♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: !»"♦: :♦::♦: :■»::♦: :♦::'•■: :♦:,♦; <»::♦: :♦::♦; •♦':♦: !♦♦; »::♦: »:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: !♦;:♦: :♦>; ;♦'>; :♦:'♦; :4:*: »: ;♦;,♦: :♦;.*! :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :■••:♦: '^.'ff. »>: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:♦! .♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: ■•:♦: .♦;♦; :♦;;♦; !♦;♦: »: >::♦; ;♦;* .♦.♦: :♦;:♦: .*;:♦: »: >♦:.♦: ♦'♦; re*:*: B/OCRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 077 owned 400 acres of land. Mr. Bennett has held the office of school director and siii)cr- visor, and is one of tiie County Board to organize schools. He is a member of the Cliristian churcii. f^aSSfSiS' x4— »sfa);♦; F. BAKER, farmer, section 36, Gar- den Grove Township, is one of the ^^ pioneer settlers of Decatur County, and was born in Steuben County, New York, Mav 23, 1820. His parents were Joseph and Marv Baker, natives (jf Ken- tucky, and of German and English ances- try, their parents on both sides having immigrated to the United States from Germany and England. They were the parents of thirteen chikiren, five of whom are still living. The father died in April, 1848, aged sixty-four )-ears, and the mother died in 1866, aged sixty -seven years. Mr. Baker was reared to the life of a farmer. His educational advantages were limited, as were tiiose of most children in pioneer days. He came to Decatur County in the fall of 1 850, and bought eighty acres of land, upon which he has since resided. He built the first school-house in the county. It was a rude structure, with a puncheon Hoor, and furniture and fixtures of a very prim- itive character. The nearest mill was at Edgeville, eighty miles distant, and the only mode of conveyance to the mill was an ox-cart tlrawn by a yoke of oxen. He frequently went to Davis City, sixteen miles away, to purchase groceriesand other articles. Mr. B;iker relates that the lirst year of his residence here he caught six- teen wolves in a steel trap, and within twenty rods of his house he shot twenty deer, and from his door he could kill wild turkeys whenever he desired one. He helped to lay out the city of Decatur, in 1852, and at that time there was only one small building in Leon, and that was a small log house, occupied by Doctor Thom- as. Mr. Baker was married in Ohio, in 1851, to Caroline L. Smith, daughter of G. G. and Ada Z. (Covey) Smith, born in Steu- ben County, New York, in 1831. Six of their eight children are living — Burt, re- siding in Te.xas; Louie, wife of Daniel I. Elliott, ()( Kansas, has two children — Mary E. and Artie ; Mollie L., wife of Henry Gees- ling of Kansas, has one child — Alvie ; Fan- nie S., at home; Samuel F., and Ralph. Mr. Baker is a member of Garden Grove Lodge, l.O. O. F., and has worthily filled the school offices of his township. Polit- ically he is a Republican. EORGE WOODBURY, druggist at Garden Grove, was born Jnly 23, 1832 , in Tompkins County, New York. His parents, James H. and Susan Wood- bury, were natives of Worcester County, Massachusetts. His father was a farmer by occupation. In 1854 the family removed to Decatur County, settling in Garden Grove, where the mother died in 1878, aged seventy-five years, and the father in 1885, at the advanced age of eighty-lour years. Mr. and Mrs. Woodbury were high- ly esteemed pioneers of Decatur County. They were the parents of five children, three of whom are still living — Elizabeth L., wife of J. L. Young, an attorney at Leon; James A., attorney at Osceola, Iowa, and the subject of this sketch. George was educated in tiie common schools, at- tending school in winter and assisted his father during the summer. In 1849 '^e es- tablishetl a drug-store in Adair, Michigan. In 1854 he commenced selling dry -goods, and in 1856 he removed to Leon, Decatur County. In 1861 he was elected sheriff of the county, and jiroved one oi the ablest officials in the discharge of his duties known in the records of the county. I K- .♦..♦; »:* »::♦: ;♦♦; »■.♦: ;♦•! ;♦'♦: ;♦ ♦' :♦♦: ;♦;♦; :«::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;« :♦.:♦: :♦*: > ♦ :♦::♦: *::♦: '♦:'♦: ♦■■♦; :♦:♦: :♦.♦: ;*^»! :♦::♦; :♦;.♦: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: :♦':♦: '♦;■<•: '**'. >:;♦; :♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: .♦. ♦. >:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦; :♦:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: i^* !«::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:*: ■»;:♦: :♦•;♦! :♦>; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:♦! >■■*! !♦;:♦: :♦■♦' :♦> '♦ ♦: ;♦ ♦: '♦:♦' > *'. ;♦♦■ :♦» »: ;♦:♦: ;♦',♦: :♦'♦! ;♦:♦: ;♦;♦: :«;:♦: >'♦; !♦:♦: >♦! >♦' <•::♦: ♦ ♦ !♦:,♦: " '■ " " *' " '■ " ' " ' .♦..♦. ■*.•» ;*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; >^>; :♦;;♦: :♦;:* >::♦: ;♦::♦: :*:♦; :♦:»" :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:* >;:♦: »::♦: :♦':♦: :♦;>: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦; s»i>: :♦;■>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: »: :«;:♦: >::♦: :<«:♦: »: :♦;>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :<•>»: :«:♦: :♦;:* 3»::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>: '*;:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; »::« :♦;;♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: »::«: :♦;»; :♦;:♦; !«:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :«:♦: :♦'♦: :♦;:■♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: :♦::« :«;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦;■ :♦. 678 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. was re-elected in 1865. He was married October 4, 1858, at White Pigeon, Michi- gan, to Kate M. Jacobus, born in Coopers- town, New York, in 1834. The}- have one child — George J., cashier of Garden Grove Bank, which carries $50,000 worth of stock. Mr. Woodbury is a member of the Masonic order, and belongs to Grand River Lodge, No. 78, at Leon ; he is also a member of the Presbyterian church. He owns a dwelling house and lot, also a brick building, in which he has a large and well-selected stock of drugs, medicines, paints, oils, brushes, and other articles usually found in a first-class drug store. Mr. Woodbury is a man of ability, clear judgment, and is highly es- teemed as a citizen. -13- -ei- |ANIEL G. SEARS is a representative of one of the pioneer families of De- catur Count}-, his father, Jacob Sears, having settled in Center Township, May 15, 1854. Jacob Sears was a native of Ken- tucky, where he was born in 1792, and where he was reared and married. His grandfather was a native of Switzerland, and came to America before the Revolu- tionary war, settling in North Carolina. He was a companion of Daniel Boone, on the dark and bloody ground of Kentucky. Jacob Sears married Edith Gadbury, and removed to Sangamon County, Illinois, in 1828, where he settled upon a place called Island Grove, near Springfield. Later he moved to Macoupin County, where he lived until 1839, then immigrated to Iowa, and settled upon a new farm in Franklin Township, Lee County. The parents after coming to Lee County, being advanced in life, lived with their children until their decease. The father died June 4, 1868, at the age of seventy-three, and the mother March 6, 1876, aged seventy-six years. Jacob Sears was one of the substantial and influential pioneers of Iowa. While never seeking political honors, nor accepting them when proffered, yet he was a man of very positive political opinion, being a typ- ical Jackson Democrat. He was anti-slav- ery in his views, and left a slave State for lUinois, because of the existence of slavery in Kentucky. During the Avar for the Union he stood unfalteringly by the flag of his country. Religiously he was a com- municant in the German Baptist church. He and his wife had nine children, seven of whom grew to maturity, and six are now living — Mary, wife of Henry Groes- beck, of Union County; Mrs. Susan Blair, widow of ElijahJBlair ; Aaron J.; Sumner, a resident of Kansas; Sarah A.; Mrs. Adelia Martin, of Center Township, and Angeline. Samuel, the second child, died in September, 1872, aged forty -eight years. He never married, but owned a farm in Center Township, and lived with liis brother, Daniel G., for many years. He was an engineer and surveyor by occupa- tion ; was surveyor of Lee County, also of Decatur County^ for a number of years. He was one of the leading citizens of Southern Iowa. Daniel G. Sears was born in Sangamon County, Illinois, March 6, 1834. He resides on section 23, Center Township, his farm containing 1,100 acres. He and his brother, Samuel, owned at one time 1,400 acres. He has an excellent stock farm. His improvements are among the best in the township, prominent among which may be mentioned his fine brick res- idence, which he built in 1869. November, 1858, he was married in Center Township, to Miss Mary Wadsworth, a native of Maryland. Her parents, John and Rebecca Wadsworth came from Ohio to Decatur County, in 1855. Her father is deceased, and the mother still survives. Mr. and Mrs. Sears have seven children — Augustus C. Dodge, George, Edith, Annie, Frank, MoUie and Samuel W. 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His brotlier Samuel was at one time a Representative from Lee County, in the State Legislature. Daniel served three years on the Board of County Supervisors. lARK BOYCE, farmer, section 20, 'J/, »^ V Garden Grove Township, was *^.L~^^ born in England, October 24, 1828, son of Thomas and Elizabeth Boyce. also natives of England, who immigrated to America in i860, settling in Garden Grove Township, where the father died, in 1874, aged seventy-three years, and the mother July 4, 1884. Mark was the eldest child, and was reared a farmer. His educational advan- tages were good. He was married in Eng- land, in 1851, to Sarah Pedley, who was bornin 1832. Their children arc — Thomas P., of Decatur County ; Augusta, wife of S. Foslarn, and has one child — Ollie ; Mark, of Ottumwa; Lillie, wife of George S. Trister; Fred M., Albert, Luke, Charles L. and Cora. Mr. Boyce owns 210 acres of land. Politically lie is a Democrat. His postofKce address is Garden Grove. ,,.ILLIAM H. PARRIS, farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section 3, High Point Township, where he owns 240 acres of land. He was born in Marion County, Missouri, in 1840, the sixth son o( James M. and Polly A. (Lear) Parris, of Irish ancestry, who came to De- catur County in March, 1852, and settled in Center Township. The father was a merchant by occupation, and died in 1869, aged fifty-si.\ years, and the mother in 1884, aged si.xty one. William H. was reared on a farm, and in 1861, enlisted in Company L, Second Illinois Cavalry, and served four years. He was in the battles of Belmont, New Madrid, Island No. 10 and several other important engagements. He was mustered out at New Orleans. He was married in 1866, to Maria Beavers, daughter of Joseph and Christina Beavers, natives of North Carolina. She was born in Highland County, Ohio, in 1844. Their children are — Cora C, Mary E., Nannie and Lida C. Mr. Parris has held the of- fice of township trustee, assessor, and school director. He is a member of Post No. 251, G.A. R. Mr. Parris commenced life a poor man. All he had was one horse. He worked by the month three years, then purchased his present farm. His land is mostly devoted to raising grass ; keeps some horses and hogs. His early educa- tional advantages were somewhat limited, being mostly confined to the subscription schools. ^ENRY L. TILTON, one of the active ^ and enterprising business men of La- moni,was born in Norridgewock, Som- erset County, Maine, October 29, 1842. his parents, Ira and Rebecca Tilton, being na- tives of the same State. He was reared a farmer, receiving such education as was common to farmer boys of that State. The Pine Tree State was his iioinc until 1876, when he joined his eldest brother, Colvin, at Allendale, Wortli County, .Missouri, who had come West before the war, and be- come a very successful business man. Henry L. Tilton came West without capi- tal, but possessed of good business qualifi- cations and a determination to succeed. After two years with his brother on a sal- ary he became a partner in the profits of his general mercantile business, the broth- ers continuing in business together until 1881, when our subject withdrew from the firm, and established his present mercan- .♦♦: * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ V <- ♦ .♦,♦: :♦ * ♦ ♦. ♦ .«: « ♦ •».♦: ♦ .♦: ♦. ♦: <■*■'. 4 ♦* - ♦ ♦ •> ♦ •. ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦' :♦ ♦: :♦:♦: ;♦>: >;:♦: :♦:♦: ;♦;:♦; :«:♦ ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦! ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ,♦ ,♦ >.♦. ♦ ,♦, ♦ ♦. •-• .♦ «■ ♦, ♦ ■> ♦ ♦. -♦. .♦, ♦ ♦ :♦♦: «'.♦: .♦.:♦; ;♦:♦: ♦:♦: :♦♦: :♦;♦: .♦::♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦ ♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; ♦ .♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦:;*>::♦:;♦:;♦. < ♦:>;;♦;;♦;:♦:;♦ ♦ .», « ■' .■'. .'■..■'. 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He car- ries a general stock of family supplies, and is popular as a merchant, having, by his courteous and obliging manners, built up a good trade which is constantl}' increas- ing. Besides his business property he owns his residence and a block of city lots, and is classed among the well-to-do citi- zens of Lamoni. Mr. Tilton was married at Davis City, in April, 1882, to Miss Em- ma Smith, who was born at Nauvoo, Illi- nois, in 1846, a daughter of Alvah Smith, deceased. Her mother is also deceased. In politics Mr. Tilton affiliates with the Democratic party. He is at present a member of the city council of Lamoni, and trustee of Fayette Township. Of his brothers, Cornelius A. Tilton went to Cali- fornia, in 185 1, where he accumulated great wealth, and Benjamin L. lives in Maine. Henry L., our subject, was the j'oungest of his father's family. ^000€ oming Territor}-. He was in several skirmishes, and receives a pension. Mr. Brammer is a member of Lodge No. 464, 1. O. O. F., and politically a War Democrat. He has held the office of justice of the peace, constable, and is now serving as township trustee. Postoffice, Westerville. tA FAYETTE BRAMMER, farmer, resides on section 22, Richland Town- ship, where he owns forty acres of land. He was born in Jackson Count}', Indiana, November 22, 1842, son of Alex- ander and Elizabeth Morgan Brammer. (See sketch of F. M. Brammer.) Mr. Bram- mer was married in Decatur County, in 1870, to Catherine Foland, daughter of Michael and Elizabeth Foland, pioneers of Decatur County. In 1862 he enlisted in Company E, Tliirtieth Iowa Infantr}-, and served three 3-ears. He was in the first battle of Vicksburg, and at Arkansas Post. In 1 866 he enlisted in the regular army, in Company E, Third Battalion, Thirty-sixth United States Infantry. His company was stationed at Fort Sedgwick and Fort San- ders, Colorado, and Fort Bridges, Wv- |<^5*f-<:>: :<:♦: :♦:>: >:3»; :♦::♦; ;♦:;«: :♦;:♦; >;:♦; >:»: >:>: :•♦:>: :♦!:♦: !«»: :♦::♦: >"♦: ♦::♦ »: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦. :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ♦::♦ >::♦. :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:♦ :♦!;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: »::♦: :♦::« :♦;:* :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦.:« :♦::♦: :♦;:« ;♦::« :♦::♦: »:;♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: >::♦: !»::« !»::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: [♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:« »::♦: ;♦>: >::♦: »::« »::« :♦::« >::« »: !»::« »::« >::♦; :♦::« »>: 5»::« »::« !»:.>: »:;« »>: ^1 :♦"♦: :♦::« »::« »::♦: »::♦: !«•::♦: »"♦: »:;♦: '^:ff. :♦::♦: !«:« »::♦: »::♦: ::♦::♦;:♦::« ' ♦::♦;♦;>■;♦'♦ ■» ♦. :♦:♦; :♦:♦; ♦ >! ;♦:♦; :j >■>; ;♦♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: >::♦: ;*;^ >;;♦) :♦::* 'MM :♦:>: :♦!>: :*::♦: :♦;♦: :♦:;♦! >:;♦: m MM 'MM 'MM MM MM MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM MM 'MM 'M'M 'M'M M'M 'M'M MM 'M'M 'MM 'M'M 'M'M ■MM MM MM 'MM :♦::♦: MM *:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:* :♦::♦; ;♦:;•: :♦;*■ 'MM 'M'M MM 'MM 'M'M 'MM 'MM :♦;:♦: 'MM 'm:m MM :♦:;♦: :♦!:♦: 'm:m 'M.'M 'M'M 'MM 'MM MM 'M/M 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM M.M 'MM 'M.M 'M.M 'MM 'MM 'M'M 'M'M 'MM 'MM 'MM. :♦♦: > ♦: ;♦.:♦ ;♦::♦: :♦♦:♦: ;♦,♦::♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 681 three children — Florence Pearl, Cora May ' and an infant son. In politics Mr. Hagen adheres to the principles taught him by ' his father, and is a strong Republican. 1 1 is father was a prominent member of the ' Odd Fellows order, and was buried with tiie honors of the brotherhood. ••MiZXWSi© a— M^^a^OTTOv. fOHN DAYKIN. farmer and retired physician, resides on section 30 of High Point Township. He owns 360 acres of fine land. He was born in Eng- land, December 12, 1829, a son of Samuel and Ann Daykin, natives of the same coun- try. The doctor immigrated to America in 1850, landing in New York City, with only one cent. He first worked for John I. Davis, a Dutch farmer, one month, for $5, and then worked at shocraaking three years. He attended medical lectures at Philadelphia and at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City. He was married in Onondaga Count}', New York, in 1854, to Jenet R. Smith, born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1832. Their chil- dren are — Samuel, married to Mary Hon, and they have three children — Katie, Ore- gon and John; Margrct A ; Frances, wife of Layton Beavers, has two children — George and Laura : Hattie, wife of Stephen Crcswell, has one child — Donald ; Benjamin, Laura and Wallace. The doc- tor commenced the practice of his profes- sion in New York State. He practiced about twentv years in Michigan, two in Missouri, and was cashier of Sprakers" Bank a short time. During the late war Dr. Daykm was in the service of the Gov- ernment as a spy and received three wounds. He raised the first colored com- pany for service under Ben Biitkr. He raised more recruits tiic first year than any man in Western New York. I le was on Horace Greeley's staff as night reporter for three months. He came to Leon in 1 868. The doctor's father was imprisoned with Joseph Barker, in Manchester, Eng- land, for speaking their Charter principles. His maternal grandfather was the cele- brated Lord Owen Glcnndar, who was banished from Wales on account of his Liberal principles. The doctor was inti- mately acquainted with William H. Sew- ard. The latter lent the doctor $100 to conmicnce business with. When they were joung the doctor and his wife were so poor that at one time they lived six weeks on mustard greens. He purchased a farm near Battle Creek, Michigan, for §1,800, and in a short time sold it for $2,500. The doctor is a great reader and well informed on general subjects. I^ILLIAM H. FROST, farmer, sec- tion 16, Center Township. The I '-g j j^ farm was entered, and the first im- provements made by John Miller, one of the early settlers of Decatur County, now deceased. Mr. Frost has been a resident of this county since April, 1864. He first set- tled on section 3, and later, bought eighty acres on section 9, where he lived about twelve years. He settled upim his present farm in 1864. He was born in Licking County, Ohio, in 1838. His father, John Frost, settled in Licking County in an early day, and still lives on his original farm in that county. He is a native of Tennessee. William H. was the eldest of a family of ten children — seven sons and three daughters. Three of the sons served in the army during the Rebellion. Wdl- iam H. enlisted in 1863, in Company F, One Hundred and Thirty-first Ohio Infant- ry. He was about si.\ months in the serv- ice. His brother, John W., served in Company A, Seventy-sixth Ohio Infant- ry, and died at Memphis, Tennessee, soon :♦:♦: ;♦>: >:♦: :♦:♦' 'M'M. >'♦' > ♦ >.♦. ;♦:♦. ;♦:>; !♦:>: > « >♦ :♦;>: >;:♦; WM. ;♦:♦: !♦.:♦; !»::♦. 'M'M. 'M'M. 'M'M. !»:;♦: 'MM. 'm:m. >>, :♦:.♦. :♦;:#. 'MM. :♦::♦: >~* ;♦ ♦' », >♦,♦• ;♦>: > ♦ (♦.:♦, ■ML*. !»;:«; »::♦: v:m >:♦. 'MM. »: MM. 'MM. 'M* :♦,♦ :♦♦, :♦:♦. :♦:;* 'MM !♦>, 'MM. :♦> M.'M. MM 'MM. 'M'M 'MM 'MM. 'MM. 'MM. *;* !»;:♦: M.M 'M'M. M.M MM »M. »:« *'. mmmmm.'m.'m:m'm.'m.'m.'m.'.*m.'M'.*.mm.m:.*m..*.mm.mmm..*.'.*..*mmm.m.m:mm:m.* * * * * * kmmmm.m.* :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: !♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :<»::'»: :*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦"♦: ■»::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"«: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: <»::♦: :«:>: :♦::•»: :♦::♦: !»:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: .^"♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: >:!»: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;•♦: :♦;;♦; !♦;•♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; •»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: >:>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦"♦; !»"♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 682 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. after the battle of Chattanooga. Ezra, another brother, served in the Thirty-first ; was taken prisoner at the battle of North Mountain, Tennessee, and died a prisoner, at Florence, South Carolina. Mr. Frost is one of the well-known citizens of Center Township; he served as assessor several years. He was married in Ohio, to Miss Melinda Jane Varnar, a native of Ohio, and they have seven children — Anna Bell, Martha Jane, Ora E., John W., Will- iam M. Mary A. and Angie May. Polit- ically, Mr. Frost is a Republican. iAVID D. MOREY, section i6, Ham- ilton Township, is a nativeof Vermill- ion County, Indiana, born September II, 1830, a son of George and Sylvia (But- terfield) Morey, natives of New York, but married in Ohio. In 1831 the\- moved to Vermillion County, Illinois, and in 1835 to Jackson County, the same State. From there they went to Caldwell County, Mis- souri, the father having united with the Mormon church. He folio wed the fortunes of that people in different localities, when, owing to the tendency toward polygamy, he left them, and in 1844 moved to Brown County, Illinois, where he lived until 1849. From there he moved to De Kalb County, and two years later to Whiteside County, and in 1852 to Decatur County, Iowa, lo- cating in Hamilton Township, on a tract of wild land, where he lived until his death in 1875. The mother died in 1880. Their family consisted of seven chddren — Mary Ann, Martha Ann, Supply, Eunice, David D., Helen and William. The latter died aged nine years. David D. Morey remained with his parents until manhood, and was twenty-two years of age when they moved to Decatur County. In 1856 he located on what is his present farm, at that time a tract of wild land. His first house was a log cabin, 16 x 16, with a small shed kitchen. The log cabin has given place to a good storj'-and-a-half frame building, surrounded by native shade trees. He has a good orchard of 300 bearing trees, and his other improvements are well built and comfortable. Mr. Morey was married January i, 1856, to Miss Deborah A. Rockwell, who was born in Fairfield County, Connecticut, March 30, 1831, a daughter of David and Abigail (Works) Rockwell, who moved to Geauga County, Ohio, in 1843, where the mother died, and Mrs. Morey afterward came to Iowa with her aunt, Mrs. Ebenezer Robinson. Mr. and Mrs. Morey have eight children — Charles E., George M., Eliza, Elsie, David Ebenezer, William Supply, James Monroe and Evangeline. They are members of the church of Reorganized Latter-Day Saints. — «-l31---— -5eH>— fOSEPH BEA VERS,deceased, was born in Pennsylvania, in 18 12, son of An- ^'^ drew and Mary A. Beavers, natives of Ohio, where they lived until their death. Joseph was married in Highland County, Ohio, in 1837, to Christina Sparger, also born in Highland County, in 1813, daugh- ter of Joseph and Rachel Sumners, na- tives of North Carolina. Her father died in Highland County. There were eighteen of his own children present at his funeral. The living children of Mr. and Mrs. Beavers are — James, who married B. A. Riddle, and their children arc Alonzo, Addie, John R., Oscar and Lena ; John, married Margaret Moore, and their children are Amanda and Ettie ; Allen, married Lena S. Rosengram, and their children are Bertie, Dollie and Cora ; Emily, wife of Calvin Swope, and their children are Charlie, Ollie, Birdie and Bessie ; Layton, married Frances Day- kin, and their children are Georgia and >;5>;:*;;c»;i»;:c*'*>;:«»>;:*»:»;»;:ccccc*;:*;:*;;c^^ ;•»:;♦: :♦:.♦; :♦:•♦: >:>: >. :♦: v' ♦ ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦,:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: >"♦: :♦;;♦; >;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; 'm. :♦::♦: :♦::« :4i>: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :«::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: !••::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦-♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦:;♦: :♦':♦::♦; :♦.,♦; :*:)•: :«::♦: :«::«: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :«::*: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:.♦: :♦::«: >::*; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦:♦: ;♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;*::♦: :«:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:<»: :♦:'♦: :♦::« ;«::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::'»: :♦;:♦; :♦:« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:*: ••::♦: :•'>' :♦"♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !♦:;♦; >:>: :♦:;♦: •»;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::«: :♦::♦: ;•::♦: :•"♦: :♦:♦: ;♦::♦: >:!♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :*;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;>', >i* :♦:* >!♦: :♦':♦: *'♦; ;♦:♦: .■♦:♦: >:'♦; :♦:>; '♦♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. and Laura ; Charlie, married Eliza Fulton ; Maria, wife of William Parris, of Decatur County, and their children are Cora, Ettie, Nannie and Lida ; Sarah, wife of Amos Hawkins, and their children are Lucinda, Fanny, Clara, Cordelia, John, Ernest and Norma ; Thomas, married Amanda Pointer, of Illinois, and their children are Lula, El- vira, Emma and Harvey ; Minerva J., wife of Thomas Roscngram, of Decatur Coun- ty. Mr. Beavers held the oflice of justice of the peace eight years. He came to De- catur County in 1854, and was truly a pio- neer. His death was lamented by the whole community. F[7HOMAS REARDON, section 14, '"^j ft Grand River Township, was born in ^■j Franklin County. New York, Novem- ber 20, 1836, a son of William and Cath- erine Rcardon. His father was a native of Ireland, and at the age of eleven years went to England, where he remained till alter his marriage with Catherine Curteri, who was a native of Glasgow, Scotland. They were the parents of seven children — John, James, Thomas, William, Mary, Simon and Ellen. Thomas Rcardon was reared in his native State till he reached the age of eleven years, when his parents removed to Grundy County, Illinois. His early life was spent in working on the farm and attending the common schools, where he received a fair education. He was mar- ried August 21, i860, to Miss Jennie Hamp- son, of Kendall County, Illinois, a daughter of George and Maria (Cash^ Kendall, her father being a native of Cheshire, lingland. To her parents were born nine children — Hannah, Edward. James, Joseph, Thomas, Henry, Mary, Jennie and George; Mrs. Reardon being next the youngest. Mr. and Mrs. Reardon have four children — Minnie A., Fred, Cliff and Ernest Glenn. Mr. Reardon left Grundy County, Illinois, in 1875, and came to Decatur County, Iowa, when he located on his present farm in Grand River Township, where he has since followed general farming and stock- raising. He has improved his lan■ ♦ ♦ :♦:♦ ♦ ♦ :♦,:♦' :*:• :♦:♦, ♦ .♦ ;♦,♦ .♦> >'♦ >>! :♦> :♦> .♦:♦. :♦>■ >.:♦: ♦»; ♦ :♦ >♦ ♦ ♦ ♦.:♦ :*>: ;♦>' »>■ :♦:♦ :♦> :♦:;♦: :•"♦' ;♦.:♦ :«>' >>. .♦ ♦ .♦..♦. :♦,,♦. :♦:♦: ♦ « ♦ ♦ *• ,♦ -♦..♦ »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦!* ;♦:♦' 'm. :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦; >>: :*:♦: :♦:♦. ;•> ;♦;♦. .♦.♦ *:♦ ;♦;♦ :♦;* ;♦;;♦ :«;:• >:> *:♦ '♦,> ;♦'.♦ >* *.♦ »;♦ ;♦.;♦ ♦:♦ :«:« :♦> :♦.:♦ :•;> :♦'"♦ *♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦.♦ ;♦♦ .♦;:♦ ♦:♦ ,♦:♦ ,♦. ♦ .♦.♦ ;♦.-♦ ■»;♦ »*'>'!*!*»» »♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦:♦:;♦;;♦:;♦■■»•- ♦ * ;♦: * ;♦! * ;♦ .♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦. * ;♦: * * > * ♦ *:♦"♦'»>♦ ♦'♦':♦:>"♦;;♦:,« ►♦♦♦♦♦♦*♦♦ .*;*;♦: »:;•♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;••> »::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »>: WM :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;•»::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:<« :♦::♦: •»:;« <»::♦: :♦::« ;♦::« »:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦>: ;«.« »:;« ;♦;;♦: :♦:•« ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:■« :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »"« ;♦::♦: »:;♦: ;♦:;« :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :*:♦: ;♦:;« :♦::« »::♦: ;♦:;♦: ■»::♦: :♦>: :♦::■« :♦'♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:!'»; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::« *»* :♦::♦: »: ;** .♦>: :♦:;♦: :♦:« :<•« :♦:;« :♦::■« i^* :♦::♦: >;•»: >;:♦: :♦:;« »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: i^* :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: •»;;« ;♦:'♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; >:;♦; 684 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. iron and rolling-mills until he came to America, in 1852. Before leaving Wales Mr. Adams was married, in February, 1852, to Miss Mary Ann Knight, born May 30, 18 16, daughter of William and Ann Knight. Since coming to America Mr. Adams has spent twenty 3-ears in California, where he was engaged in various occupations, principally mining, in which he met with fair success. He is a worthy and respected citizen of Lamoni, and by his industry and strict attention to his business he has made for himself a good home. Besides his resi- dence and mill property he also owns a house and lot in Lamoni, which he rents. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic party, though in local elections he votes for the man whom he considers best fitted for tiie office. Both he and his wife are members of the Reorganized Church of the Latter-Day Saints. OUIS SCHUETZ, deceased, was a native of Germany, born September 18, 1839. He lived in his native country until eighteen years of age, when he came to the United States, and in i860, came to Iowa, and located in Garden Grove where he found employment as clerk in a store. In 1865 he bought and moved to a farm in Franklin Township, near Weldon, where his widow now resides. His orig- inal purchase was 140 acres, and to this Mrs. Schuetz has added 120 acres, having now a fine farm of 260 acres. Mr. Schuetz died August 29, 1873, from the effects of a kick from a vicious horse, living only twenty-four hours after the accident. He was married March 23, 1871, to Miss Mary Hacker, daughter of John and Mary (Peters) Hacker, who now live with their daughter. Mrs. Schuetz has, since her hus- band's death, had the charge of the farm, and has by her good management not only supported her famil}', but has added to her possessions. She is a good neighbor, an earnest Christian, being a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is es- teemed by all who know her. She has had two children — John H., born February 12, 1872, and Louis K., born January 26, 1874, and died Julv 15, 1874. -3 •H=>S>i^^.^«f- j_ ICHAEL CREES, an active and enterprising citizen of Decatur "^r"":^ Count}', and a successful agricult- urist of Grand River, living on section 12, was born October 11, 1835, in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, the eldest child of Joseph and Catherine Ann Crees. He spent his youth in helping his father clear and cultivate the farin, receiving his edu- cation in the common schools of his neigh- borhood. When he was ten years of age his parents came to Iowa, and settled in Jef- ferson County, remaining there until 1854, when they removed with their famil}' to Decatur County, where our subject has since made his home. He helped his fa- ther improve the wild land on Grand River bottoms until the Crees farm was numbered among the best in Decatur County. July 3, 1871, he was married to Miss Margaret A. Noe, who was born in Monroe County, Iowa, in 185 1, a daughter of Andrew and Mary Jane Noe. Mr. Crees located on his present farm in 1871, where he has a comfortable brick resi- dence, a commodious barn and out-build- ings for his stock, and 180 acres of land under a high state of cultivation, and is engaged in general farming and stock- raising. He has a fine orchard on his land, and a beautiful grove of shade and ornamental trees surrounding his residence, and the entire farm shows agement of its owner. Crees is a Democrat. 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They are the parents of six children — Willie VV., Marv J., Catherine Ann, Joseph A.. Mag- gie Estclla and Clyde Alonzo. fOHN A. GOIN, farmer and stock- raiser, resides on section 7, Long Creek Townsliip, where he owns 160 acrcsof land in an advanced state of cultivation. He was born iu Tennessee, in 18 14, son of Isaac and Temperance (Gray) Goin, natives of North Carolina, and of Scotch-Irish an- cestry. He was reared on a farm in his native State. He was married in Ten- nessee, in 1836, to Jane Haynes. born in that State, in 1818, and died in 1877. Their children were — Isaac P., Mary A., Lela, Susan, Josiah M., Minerva, Adelpha, John B., Sarah and Sterling. In 1879 ^^''- ^''"'i married Myra Cox, born also in Tennessee, and their children are — Charles VV. and Elvira E. Mr. Goin came to Decatur County in 1863. He has held the office of school director, and has been a member of the School Board. When he commenced for himself his property consisted of one little crooked-legged filly. All he has he has earned himself. -Hfr>- -e<*» jHARLES K. 1 l.\LL. farmer, section 32, Garden Grove Township, was born in Huron County, Ohio, Octo- ber 6, 1835, son of Isaac and Lucilla (Kel- logg) Hall, natives of Onondaga County, New York. He was reared a farmer, and has followed that occupation through life. When he was nine years of age he had the misfortune to lose his father, by death. His early educational ativantages were good, and he has always been closely identified with the school interests of Decatur Coun- .♦..♦>»..♦>.♦_♦_♦»,♦ ty. He purchased eighty acres of land, entered with a land warrant b}' his grand- father, and now owns 160 acres. He was married in Hancock County, Ohio, in t863, to Rachel A. Thompson, daughter of Will- iam Thompson, a native of Ohio. They have one child — Racine D.. who graduated in 1884, at the Parsons and JclTerson Col- lege, Iowa. Mrs. Hall's maternal grand- father was in the war of 1812. Mr. Hall enlisted, in 1861, in Company L, Third Iowa Cavalry. He served two years, and was discharged on account of disability. He was at the battles of Huntsville, Sand Spring and Limestone, and was mustered out at Ironton, Missouri. He and his fam- ily belong to the Presbyterian church, of which he is deacon. -E>- -ra- ITEPHEN II. BRILEY, farmer, sec- tion 32, Garden Grove Township, was born in Madison County, Ohio, Decem- ber 23, 1827, son of Jonathan and Elizabeth Briley, natives of Maryland. They re- moved to Ohio where they spent the most ol their lives, and where the mother died. The father came to Decatur County in 1853, where he died, about 1871. Stephen H. came here in 1854. He was married in Wyandot County, Ohio, to Sarah J. Hight, a native of Pcimsylvania, and daughter of William Might. Her parents were of German and Irish ancestry. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Briley are — Eliz- abeth, wife of John Buzzleton ; Alice, wife of Winheld S. Gomer; Emily, wife of John M. Higbee. Mr. Briley has held the office of township trustee and supervisor, and was justice of the peace eight years. In 1862 he enlisted in Company A, Thirty- fourth Iowa Infantry, and served three years. He was engaged in the siege of Mobile, Alabama, was on the Blakely charge east of Mobile, ami numerous Diher .♦..♦. MM :♦.:«> >.>; :♦>! MM. m:m m:m m:m. m:m. m:m. m:m m:m. M.M. >;:♦; m:m. ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;•! :♦:♦■ ;♦::♦: .♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦;■ m:m m:m MM MTM MM, MM MM MM m:m. :♦;:* :♦>: :♦:;♦; MM :♦>: !»:>: :♦"♦> MM MM M.M MM MM ;♦;;♦: MM M.M MM :♦:;« m:m :♦'♦: *:« MM :♦;*■ MJM MM >::« :♦>; >:>: :♦;:•♦; MM »"♦: :♦:>: m:m MM m:m. »: ;♦:* :♦:;♦: ;♦:.♦; MM !m:m MM :♦.* :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: MM. M.M. :•>: :♦::♦: MM MM >'♦■ :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦.♦♦♦.♦.♦.*..♦♦♦♦. .♦ .♦. .*, .*, .♦. :» .♦. * .♦. .♦ ♦. ,♦. *, *. ♦. ^^^-j^^^Jf-. .* .'^^<:^. >::*;:*:*::*;>::*>:»;*:>;:*:*»:>:>""C*;»>:**>>5f*<«N^ HISTORT OF DECATUR COVNTT. battles of less importance. He was dis- charged at Houston, Texas. After the close of the war he engaged in farming, and now has 120 acres of e.xcellent land. His paternal grandfather fought all through the Revolutionary war, and his maternal grandfather was in the war of 18 12. If the genealog}^ of his family was written up it would prove very interesting to the public, as well as the recent members of his family. •naausf^^&'''--Wi K^— ^•^^l/B'awni ^BNER M. BURNS, of Leon, is one of the early settlers of Decatur Count}-, <^^f.- and also an early resident of the State of Iowa. He came to Davis County in 1849, ^nd to Decatur County in the fall of 1853. He was born in a block house, on the site of the present city of Madison, in the State of Indirna, October 13, 1815. His father, James Burns, settled there sev- eral years previous. He was a native of Virginia, but removed to Ohio, thence to Indiana. He was a soklier of the war of 18 1 2, and participated in the battle of Tip- pecanoe, under General Harrison. He died in Madison, Indiana, at the age of ninet}'- three years. His wife died many years be- fore her husband. Abner Burns was reared in Indiana, and married Elizabeth Kinnear, born also in Indiana. Upon coming to Davis County he entered land from the Government, which he improved, and built a log cabin and put out an orchard ; but the hardships attending the clearing of a new farm were too severe for him, and his health failing, he decided to give up farm- ing. He exchanged his farm for town property in Bloomfield, where he settled, and a j'ear later sold out and purchased a farm six miles soutii of that town, where he lived until he came to Decatur County. His farm is on sections 31 and 32, his residence being on section 32, within the corporate limits of the city of Leon. He has a fine farm of 146 acres. His health has been precarious for many years, and he has taken several trips to the mountains hoping to receive benefit. Mr. and Mrs. Burns were married July 14, 1836, and have lived together fifty years. They have had eleven children, seven of whom are living — Thomas, living in Montana Territory ; Robert, in Nebraska ; Isaac, in Pueblo, Col- orado; Calvin, in Nebraska; Isabel, at home ; Addie, wife of B. M. Shank, of Cen- terville, Iowa, and John. The deceased are — Henry B., who served in the Fourth Iowa Infantry, and was wounded at the battle of Pea Ridge. After the war he en- gaged in the lumber trade at Des Moines. August II, 1867, he was drowned, while fishing in the Des Moines River. He was an expert swimmer, but it was supposed that cramp ensued, owing to his wounded arm. He was twent3'-five years of age. Emma died at the age of seventeen years. The other children died in infanc}'. Isaac served in the Second Coloiado Battery dur- ing the war. He was wounded at the bat- tle of Blue River. Mr. and Mrs. Burns are now in fair health, and are members of the Baptist church, at Leon. In early life he was a Whig, but has been a Republican since the party was organized. . ^- -e^ |j5>jENRY BRIGHT, of Leon, is a son ol Jacob and Maria Bright, early set- tlers of Decatur Count}-. The father emigrated with his family from Gallia Coun- ty, Ohio, in 1853. He first settled in Wapello County. Two or three years later, the family, consisting of parents and five children, came to Decatur County and settled in Morgan Township, section 15, where they resided many years. The mother died in 1884, and the father is still living. 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He married Lorena Harmon, a daiitjhter of David Harmon, an early settler of Eden Townsliip, and later of Morgan Township. He died several years ago. In 1862 .Mr. Bright enlisted in Company K, Thirty- ninth Iowa Infantry, and participated in all the battle? in which his regiment was engaged, down to the battle of Allatoona Pass, Georgia, where he was severely wounded. He was engaged at Parker's Cross-Road.<;, Tennessee, Bear Creek, Ala- bama, Rome, Resaca, Buzzard's Roost, Snake Gap and Allatoona. The latter was one of the most desperate and hotly-con- tested battles of the war. General Corse with about i,5f his family was in- deed like one rising from the dead. It was two years before his wounds healed, and he will always carry the honorable scars received in the heroic defense of Allatoona Pass. After the war Mr. Bright continued to reside in Morgan Township, until 1876, wlien he removed with his family to Leon j where he now resides. He was engaged in the mercantile business at Leon for six [ years, and afterward served two years as I city marshal. Mr. and Mr's. Bright have two children — Ida and Fltie. Both are graduates of the high school at Leon, and are engaged in teaching. Politically Mr. I Bright is a Republican. -K3- -£>- /TTA.MES H. JOHNSON, farmer, resides '^' on section 18, Long Creek Township, Vf where he owns 240 acres of excellent land. He was born in Van Wert County, Ohio, September 25, 1847, son of Abel and Margaret A. (Gillespie) Johnson, natives of Ohio. The father was born in Harrison County, in 1812, and settled in V'an Wert County in 1838. The family consisted of father, mother, three brothers and four sis- ters. They were possessed of more than ordinary intelligence, and have held prom- inent offices in their county. The father was associate judge of the county, and served as justice of the peace several years. He had three sons in the late war, who served their full term of enlistment and were honorably discharged. They re- moved to Polk County, Iowa, in 1862, and ti> Decatur County in 1866, where the ♦ ♦. 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The father is li%'- ing in Ohio. James H. was reared in his native State, and was sixteen years of age when his parents came to Iowa. He came to Decatur Count)' in 1868. He was married in this county, in 1869, "to Minerva E., daughter of Henrv and Eveline Moore, natives of Kentuclcy, botli are deceased. Mrs. Johnson was born in Owen County, Indiana, October 8, 1846. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are — Henry F., Mag- gie A., Susan B. and Mary E. Mr. John- son enlisted in the army, but his father prevented his serving, owing to his extreme youth. His educational advantages were good. He was reared to the occupation of a farmer, and when he commenced for him- self his capital consisted of one horse. His land is principally devoted to grass. He makes a specialty of short-horn cattle. Mr. Johnson has served as school director and in other minor offices. His ancestr}^ are Scotch-Irish on his father's side, and Ger- man on his mother's side. Mrs. Johnson's ancestry is German. 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ROBBINS, one of the \tJ old pioneers of Decatur County, 1=^!^ with whose interests he has been identified since the fall of 1853, was born in New Jersey, February 16, 183 1, his par- ents, Cornelius and Ann (Hankison) Rob- bins, being born, reared and married in the same State. In 1836 they moved to Pick- away County, Ohio, and there our subject was reared to the avocation of a farmer, his father d3Mng in that county. After he established his home in this county his mother came to live with him, and died at his home. His parents had a family of ten children, of whom he was the ninth child. After living in Decatur Township six months, Mr. Robbins entered 200 acres of land, on section 2, a part of his present homestead, and on this property he has lived since his marriage, which occurred in 1857. His wife, whose maiden name was Caroline Robinson, was a native of Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Robbins were born nine ciiildrcn — David, residing in this county; Elizabeth, living in Leon; Charles N., of Custer County, Nebraska ; Mrs. Martha Walker, of this county ; Sher- man, living with his parents; and Ann, Hamilton, Emma and Frank, living at home. Mr. Robbins has prospered since coming to Iowa, having at that time only enough money to enter his first 200 acres. The home property now contains 320 acres of well-improved land, besides which he owns a tract of fift}' acres of timber land on section 4, of Decatur Township. In • ♦■■♦>"*■:♦>">■■*:**■»:'♦■•♦''•»::♦' ♦ >.;♦: !»;♦: :♦>; »; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >:;«> >:>! >>: :♦:>: :♦::* >:* !♦■::♦! 'MM :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ■M-M >.:«! »::«! w:m MM :♦;* :♦;:•> :♦::« MTM (•::♦: :♦:>: :«::«! :♦::♦; 'MM 'MM 'MM 'M'M "M.'M 'M.M 'M.M 'm:m :♦:;♦: 'MM MM 'M.M MM ■MM 'M'M MM MM 'MM 'm:m 'MM 'MM 'M.'M 'M.'M 'MM. ■M.M MM 'M.'M M.'M. MTM 'M'M 'M.M. M'M :♦::♦: MM :♦:* 'MM 'MM 'MM M.'M 'MM 'M.'M :♦::♦: .♦;* :*::♦: :*::♦: :♦;;« MM 'M'M 'MM :»v >♦, :♦.;♦; MM MM 'MM 'M'M 'M.'M 'MM '* *'. • ♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 0H(» politics Mr. Robbins has always affiliated witli the Republican party, casting his first vote for General Scott, in 1852. He has held several township trusts, serving in all with credit to himself and satisfaction to his cimslituents. He is a member of the Masonic fraternitv- -ra- -es- fACOB MAUIiR. residing on section 7, Favetto Township, is a native of Can- ; ton Bern, Switzerland, born August ' 15, 1840. In 1854 his parents, Christian and Mary Mader, immigrated with their four children to the United States, landing at | New York, November 11, of that year. They spent the following winter in Chica- go, Illinois, and from there went to Will County, Illinois, where they lived on rented lands, and in 1867 the parents set- tled in Brown County, Minnesota. Jacob Mader, the subject of this sketch, remained in Will County until the fall of 1870, and was married in that county, March 28,1868, to Miss Mara Karley, who was born in Canton Solothurn, Switzerland, January 2, 1851, a daughter of John Karley, of Will County, with whom she came to America m 1858. To this union have been born seven children — Susie. Minnie G., Clara A., Jacob T., Walter E., Laura L. and Gracie. Mr. Mader enlisted in defense of the Union in August, 1862, a member of Company H, One Hundredth Illinois In- fantry, and the first battle in which he par- ticipated was at Stone River. Later he was placed in the Pioneer Corps, Third Battalion, Army of the Cumberland. He received an honorable discharge at Nash- ville, Tennessee, in June, 1865, when he returned to Will County, and in the fall of 1870 came to Decatur County, Iowa, since which he lias resided on his present farm, on section 7, of Fayette Township. Mr. Mader started in life a poor boy. After reaching Illinois he confided to his mother his hope ami ambition, saying, '• .Mother, il I live and have health 1 intend to own a home, and be able to drive four horses, and own ten cows," anil by his industry and frugalit}' he has prospered even beyond his most sanguine expectation. He has now- one of the finest farms in Fayette Town- ship, containing 500 acres, 200 acres being under thorough cultivation, and the re- maining 300 acres well fenced, and used as pasture land. In his political views Mr. Mader is a Republican, casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln, in i860. 'AMES B. HORNER, M. D., of Davis ^yiill City, located here in June, 1875. He is a native of Wisconsin, and was born at Geneva Lake, July 18, 1849. When he was an infant his father moved to Marshall County, Illinois, and in 1855, the family re- moved to Appanoose County, Iowa. Here the father died September 25, 1873. After receiving a primary education in the pub- lic school, the doctor entered the Iowa Wesleyan University, where he remained two years. He may properly be called a self-educated man. His father left several children in moderate circumstances, and he was obliged to earn the money neces- sary to secure an education. He taught school several terms, and in 1871, com- menced reading medicine with Dr. E. M. Reynolds, now of Centerville. lie at- tended a course of lectures at the Bennett Medical College, in the winter of i873-"74, and commenced practice at Moravia, Ap- panoose County, his old home, coming to Davis City in 1875, as before stated. In 1870 the doctor married, and commenced his professional studies after that event, so that the success to which he has attained is more remarkable from the fact that others were dependent upon him. In the >♦ :♦ ♦. >'♦ :♦ ♦ :♦:♦: :♦"♦ )»:♦ 'm:m. » > <^ > » >:♦ :♦;♦ :♦;;♦ :♦.:♦. » ;♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ »: :♦:* ;♦.;♦ :♦::* ;♦>' 'MM 'M'M ;♦.:♦: :♦;♦. 'MM >> :♦:♦ » 'MM :♦.:♦ > ♦ >:;♦: :♦::♦ :♦.'♦: ;♦:♦ ;♦;:♦. !♦* 'M'M. K>; *;♦ :♦:♦: :♦:♦. :♦;:♦: :♦;♦ >■.< 'MM. '.M'M. :♦> ;♦.'♦' ;♦:♦ (•:♦ ;♦;♦. M'M. 'MM 'MM :♦;♦, "MM >;♦ ♦ <" :♦ ,♦ >.♦ MM 'M'M '.*'* 'M'M :♦> MM :♦:■♦■ :« 4 ♦ <■ ;« « :♦>■ :♦.♦ !»■♦ :♦"♦ :♦"♦ :♦■♦ :♦ • :♦♦ :♦> ♦ < HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. fall of K^Si, not having yet received the title of M. D., he again entered Ben- nett Medical College, and graduated March 29, 1882. At the same institution he took special instruction on the treat- ment of disease of the eye and ear, and makes a specialty of the treatment of those organs. His wife was formerly Miss Lo- rena Arnold, daughter of Lewis and Mar- garet Arnold, early settlers of Monroe County, Iowa, where the father died De- cember 13, 1880. Her mother is still liv- inp-. Mrs. Horner was born in Monroe County, April 19, 1849. Dr. Horner and wife have]|five children — Florence Mabel, Ernest M., Lewis Hurst, Gracie G. and Georgia. The third child, Maggie, died in infanc3\ fN. ANDREW, son of James and Cyrena (Eads) Andrew, was born in » Des Moines County, Iowa, May 29, 1852. Of a family of thirteen children our subject is the seventh child. When he was three years old his parents moved to Ma- coupin County, Illinois, and in that county he grew to manhood, being reared on a farm, and receiving his education in the schools of his district. In 1874 he came to Decatur County, where he had previously owned 100 acres, and in 1875 he bought a part of his present farm. May 9, 1875, he was married to Miss Evaline Akers, her father, S. C. Akers, being one ot the pio- neer settlers of this county. They are the parents of live children — Jesse E., Allen S., Lewis M., Cora L. and Harry A. Mr. An- drew has added to his original purchase till he now has in his farm 205 acres of as good land as the township affords, being one of the best stock farms in the county, and is well watered with six wells and a running stream. He is quite extensively engaged in raising and feeding stock, and has on his farm at present 100 head of hogs, and a number of cattle and horses. His residence, which is built in modern style, is comfortable and commodious, contain- ing eleven rooms. His barn is 36 x 48 feet, and his other out-buildings are in good con- dition. In his political views Mr. Andrew is a staunch Republican. if^^gK!*-*- ;♦ * ». .♦. .♦. .♦: ,♦. .♦. .♦: .♦; .♦. :♦. * .♦. ,♦. .♦: .♦: .♦: :♦: .♦: .•»•. .♦: ,*: .♦: .♦, ♦, >; ♦, •*. ,♦: ,♦, ,♦. ♦. ,♦. ,♦ * .♦: .♦. .♦. ♦. .♦. *. ;«. .* .♦. .♦. .♦. .* .♦; ,♦ .♦. .♦. .♦. .♦. .♦. .♦. .♦. .♦. ,♦, .♦. ,♦: .♦: ,♦. ,♦. .♦. .-». .♦. .♦: :♦; ;♦: :♦: ;♦■ ♦■ ;♦' >■ :♦" ♦ ♦: ♦' .♦ :♦: :♦: :♦' :♦: :♦; :♦: .♦: :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦■ ♦" ♦: ♦" ♦: :♦' ♦" .* ♦" ♦: ♦: :♦: ♦■ ♦' ♦: ♦' ♦■ :♦; :♦: ♦: :♦; ♦; ♦; .♦: ♦ ♦' .♦' :♦: ;♦: ♦: ;♦: :♦; :♦: .♦: :♦: ,♦: .♦; :♦; ,♦: ,♦: ;♦; ;♦: ;♦: ;♦: :♦: .♦; ;♦: ;♦: :♦; ;♦, :♦ >■ ;♦ :♦ :♦■ >• :♦■ ♦■ •♦ :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: 690 :♦;:♦: _ ;♦"♦: ' — :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: 'Hf.'ff. :♦::♦: ;•»::♦: :♦::♦: p-aret Arnold, earlv settlers of Monroe ■>— 3-i :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: .^.^ „. . .J, .----. - -. -~y- -. ^ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .«::♦: V.'if. :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: w.v. :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.*; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »:»: :«:;♦: :♦:•♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«: >"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"*: :♦::♦: :♦:,*; ♦:;♦: ?f OHN T. FISHER is one of the welU M known pioneers of Decatur County, 'i^ and resides on section 12, Morgan Township. His farm lies on sections 12 and 13. When he settled here, in March, 1852, settlers were very scarce. There were then living on the north side of "the creek," John E. Logan, J. F. Jewett and Stephen Vaughan. J. D. Wasson came the same spring. All was then wild and unimproved. Mr. Fisher was born in Richland County, Ohio, September 15, 1827, where he was reared to manhood. He was a soldier in tiie Mexican war, serving m the Fourth Ohio Infantry, under Generals Taylor and Scott. He participated in all the battles from Vera Cruz to Pueblo. June 20, 185 1, he came to Mercer County, Missouri, his brother, Hiram, having preceded him. The latter is now in California. Mr. Fish- er was married in Mercer Countv, to Nancy Sarver, a native of Virginia. Her father, Andrew Sarver, was one of the first settlers of Eden Prairie. Later he removed to Missouri, where he passed the remainder of his days. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher have had nine children, six of whom are living. Great changes have taken place in the de- velopment of the county since Mr. Fisher came here, thirty-five years ago. Deer, wolves, and wild turkeys were abundant. The people lived in the simplest style imag- inable. The ox-team was used for all pur- posesof travel. Their bread was made from corn which was converted into a coarse »v«;:«>:>:;«"c»::ccccc'»>::c«'icc«:cc<'»::«>"ccc«;»>>;:c^^^ ':>:>:>:>:;cccccccc>"c<»>::«>::c«:4::<«:ccc«^^^ ;♦».•».;♦; :♦::♦::♦;>: ;♦:>: :♦;:♦; :«.;♦: :♦::♦: :*::«. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦":»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: !•>::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦;■* :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: WM :♦>: :c»: mvi :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::<•£ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«'::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦"«:♦;:♦; »;»::♦::♦; ♦ ■♦:♦::♦::♦■'♦;« »♦:;♦:,♦;♦::♦.♦ ;♦:♦■ .« * :♦:;♦: :♦;>: !♦!>: :♦;:♦: >:♦: :♦>: >'>! :♦>: *>. >::♦; :*;* >;;♦; :♦::♦; »: :♦:>: >:>! :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; >:;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦;>: ;*>; >■;♦: >:>: ;♦:>■ :♦:;* >::♦: :♦::♦: >;;♦: »::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: <•::«: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »:;♦; :♦;:♦; »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦: :♦"«: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;:* :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;•: :♦>; *;♦: :♦>: >::♦; :♦:♦; >:•; >.:*: ;«::*: ;♦.;♦; :♦.* itM :♦.;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:,♦; :♦.* :■♦.;♦: ;♦.;•: :♦::♦: :♦":♦: :♦:.♦: :♦:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::«: :«:«: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >::*: ;♦::♦; :♦;♦: "♦♦: ♦ • ♦ ♦ ♦ •> BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 691 meal by the method known as "grating," a process which the early pioneers well re- member. Mr. Fisher first settled in Gar- den Grove Township. With the exception of six years spent in that and High Point townships, he has lived in Morgan Town- ship. -!3 >-0W3« E>- ilLLIAM GIBSON, farmer and ,R stock-raiser, section 9, Garden I— ej^rrl Grove Township, was born in Cler- mont County, Ohio, September 22, 1824, son of Samuel and Margaret (Moycr) Gib- son, also natives of Ohio. The father died in Decatur County, m 1868, aged seventy- four vears. He was reared to the vocation of a farmer, which he has followed all his life. He was married in Clermont County, in 1847, to Leanna Mayer, born in that county, in 1824, and died in 1864. Their children were — Harlan P., Arthur, Mar- garet, Gracie, Franklin, James, who mar- ried Alice Cook, and Ada O., wife of William Marsh, has two children, Matilda and Harlan. April 20, 1866, Mr. Gibson married Mary A. Lillard.and they have one child — Carlotta. Mr. Gibson had three brothers, who served in the late war. He owns 175 acres of land, all in a good state of cultivation. fOSEPH HOLLINGSHEAD, an ener- getic and thrifty farmer of Franklin Township, is a native of Jackson, now Vinton County, Ohio, born January 24, 1830, a son of Joseph and Amelia (Wilson) Hollingshcad. His father died before the birth of our subject, and he was reared by a widowed mother, who is now living in Nebraska, aged seventy-six years. He was educated in his native county, his early life being passed on a (arm. He was mar- ried June 2, 1853, to 47 and for a time lived on a farm in Ohio, and in 1855, with his wife and one child came West, and located m Long Creek Township, Decatur County, Iowa, buying 120 acres of land, on which he lived two years. He then sold a part of it, and moved to Franklin Township, and bought 240 acres on section 5, where he has since lived, to which he has added forty acres. When he came to Iowa he built a rude log house, after the primitive fashion, but he has improved his land, erected good build- ings and now has one of the pleasantest homes in the township. To Mr. and Mrs. Hollingshcad have been born seven chil- dren — J. M., J. D., Sanford P., Thomas, Emelia Jane, Sarah Isabelle and Eliza El- len. Thomas is deceased. In politics Mr. Hollingshcad is a Democrat. He and his wife are members of the Christian church. -»-. .♦ ♦: > ♦: :♦:>: >■>! ;♦>: >"♦ * ♦ > ♦. •■' .♦ >> >>" >;♦' >;:♦; >■>: ;♦'♦ « ♦, > 6. .♦,♦ .♦, ,♦ :♦.♦: :♦.:♦; *!^ :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; 'n >*: ;♦>: ;♦;♦: >:♦. 'm. >.:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦>; >;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦ ♦; *♦ ♦ ♦: .» ♦: .♦ ♦: ;♦:«; ;♦.♦: :♦.♦. ;^ ♦. < .♦; ♦ .♦. ♦ .♦ ;♦.;« :♦::•; ;♦ '.♦: ;♦ ♦. ;*.♦. >:♦: >.:♦! >.;♦. >>^ :♦.;•! :♦:;♦: :♦.:♦: :♦;♦: ;♦.:•: :«;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦; :♦.:« :♦::♦: ,♦;♦: :♦':♦; :♦:•: »: :♦::♦; •♦■«•' :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »>: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ^i :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« »::♦: »>: :♦:':« :«:♦: :♦::♦: »: dm :♦::« :♦"« :♦!'« :«»: :♦:;« :♦::« :♦:»: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :c« :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :«:« :♦::♦; :♦;:« »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:»: >::« !^»; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦!;« :«:« >:% :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: if.m :«:« :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:»: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦:»: :♦::« »:»: :♦;:♦: •MM »:»: »;:♦: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦. «93 BISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. in Missouri, and many others. He received injuries while in the army from which he will never recover. Since the war he has been engaged in farming. In 1873 he married Manila Linton, a daughter of Leander and Julia A. Linton, early settlers of this coun- ty. Mr. Linton enlisted in the Fifth Kan- sas, and died in the service at Little Rock, Arkansas, in July, 1862. The mother is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Cruikshank have three children — Walter L., Juliette and Emma. One died in infancy. Mrs. Cruik- shank's family were natives of Indiana, and came to this county in 1856. She was born in Indiana, June 30, 1850. lEARIGHT DICKSON, farmer and stock-raiser, lives on section 36, Rich- land Township, where he owns 140 acres of land. He was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1817, son of Samuel and Nancy Dickson, also natives of Ohio, and of Irish descent. He was reared in his na- tive State, partly on a farm, and spending a portion of his time on the river. He came to Decatur County in 1854, and was married here, in 1856, to Clarinda McKee, born in Ohio, in 1834, daughter of John and Mary A. (Baine) McKee. Mr. Dick- son has made all his property by his own exertion. Politically he is a Democrat. Postoflice, Grand River. lYLVANUS CULVER, farmer and stock-raiser, section 10, Garden Grove Township, owns 360 acres of land. He is a son of Sylvester and Mary (Jacobus) Culver, natives of New York, and of Eng- lish ancestry. His grandparents were fol- lowers of William Penn. His father was twice married, and Sylvanus was a child of the second wife. He was born in Tomp- kins County, New York, November 2, 1832. He was married in Allegany County, New York, to Charity Palmer, daughter of Var- num and Angeline Palmer, born in Steuben County, in 1840. They have three children — Charles L., Cornelia E. and Edmond S. Mr. Culver first rented a nurserj', which he carried on three years, after which he pur- chased the farm where he now resides. His buildings were erected b}' himself, and be- token the successful farmer. He raises considerable stock, and is one of the prom- inent farmers of the county. He has been elected school supervisor several terms. He is a Republican, and a strong temper- ance man. Touch not, taste not, handle not, is his motto. His grandfather was a soldier in the war of 1812. His father was also a soldier. •«C48fl;tB'i©» t^kSXtppn* B. DANIEL, contractor and builder, at Garden Grove, was born in Greene County, Indiana, February 16, 1 843, the youngest child and fifth son of John and Lucy (Hight) Daniel, natives of Kentucky, and of German and Scotch de- scent. They lived in Kentucky during their early lives, then removed to Indiana, where they lived several j'ears, thence to Clarke County, Iowa, where they passed the remainder of their lives. They were the parents of twelve children. Mr. Dan- iel remained under the parental roof and followed farming until twenty-nine years of age, when he learned the carpenter's trade, and he is now engaged in contract- ing for and building houses. He was mar- ried in Leon, July 15, 1865, to Rhoda A. Hensley, daughter of William K. and Elizabeth Hensley, natives of West Vir- ginia. She was born in Kentucky, in 1842. Their children are — John W., James A., Lucy A., Mary E., Thomas B. and Joseph ;♦:>:♦; ;♦:>>' ;♦;>; >::♦: :♦>: »:;<•• »: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦:>; >::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: 'm:m. >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »;:♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: [♦::♦: 'm:m. >::♦: >;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦; >::♦: 'm:m. :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; [♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: >::« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; 'm:m »;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:*■ 'm:m. :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:>: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: ■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'm:m. •MM 'MM •MM :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; •MM •MM •MM •MM :•»::♦: :♦;;♦: •MM :♦::♦: »::♦: 'MM MM :♦:;♦: »"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«'; :♦::«; :♦::♦: 'MM 'MM ^"♦"♦"♦;»::*y*»;:cc*:*:c<:»:*»"*:>:»::€:c*;>;:** :*;:4;»:>::«»:»"<»;;c«*;c»>::c*:>::*>>:>:>:>:>:>:>>:>;>>;>:»:>;:c»:>:>:* BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. G93 »:;»: !»::♦: :♦::♦: !•:♦: »;♦: ;♦"♦ :♦ «' :♦::♦. !*:.♦: s»r« :♦:;« ;•»>: »: :♦::♦; ■»:♦: >;>: >:;♦: :<♦: •*;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: ■»:♦: .*::♦: :♦:;♦; »'. :♦;;♦: :♦;.♦: »: :♦>: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: 'it:::♦: >:.♦: >;♦: :♦:.♦: ♦♦ ;«>: :♦>: ♦:!♦: ;♦:♦: > ♦ ;♦,*■ :♦;;♦; A. Mr. Daniel moved from Greene Coun- t}-, Indiana, in 1856, and settled in Clarke County. In 1862 he enlisted in Company D, Thirty -ninth Iowa Infantry, and served three years. He was engaged in the battle of Snake Creek Gap, at Columbia, South Carolina, Bentonsville, Rome, and Savan- nali, Georgia ; was with Sherman on his famous march to the sea, and was the third man who crossed the river at Columbia. He came to Garden Grove in 1867, where he is recognized as one of the prominent men of the township, and one who has never sought political favor. He owns eighty acres of land south of the depot, twenty-five acres south of the home place, and seven acres upon which he has a nice residence. Politically he is a zealous Republican. *lto- — Dile- ■*«» (APTAIN JOHN C. GAMMILL, of Leon, belongs to one of the early families of Decatur County. His father, James Gammill, settled here in the spring of 1854. He was a native of Penn- sylvania, where he was born April 13, 1813. At the age of nineteen years he went to Ohio, where he married Miss Ann Clark. When he came to this county he settled on section 13, Hamilton Township, where he lived until his death, which occurred Jan- uary 16, 1886. His wife survives and re- sides at the homestead. There were nine children, all of whom grew to maturity, and seven are living, all residents of Deca- tur County but one son, James, who re- moved to Nebraska in 1883. Captain Gammill was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, February 6, 1842. Me came to De- catur County with his father in 1854. August 10, 1861, he enlisted in the Third Iowa Cavalry. Previous to this he had been in the State service several months. His regiment operated in Missouri, Arkan- sas, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia. When the regiment was organ- ized he was made Orderly-Sergeant of his company. He veteranized January i, 1864, and May 2, following, he was promoted to Second Lieutenant. July 12, the same year, he was made First Lieutenant, in which capacity he served till the close of the war. When the regiment received or- ders to muster out, July i, 1865, he went before a military commission and was ex- amined for a commission in a colored regi- ment. The result was an appointment as Captain in the One Himdred and Thirty- seventh Colored Infantry, by President Johnson. He served in that capacity till mustered out of the service, January 9, 1866, and during the last three months of his service he commanded the regiment. It would be impossible, within the limits of a brief sketch, to give more than a mere outline of the war record of Captain Gam- mill, who was in constant service four and a half years. Among the battles in which he participated may be mentioned Pea Ridge (where he was badly injured). Gun- town and Tupelo. After the latter engage- ment he commanded a company in an ex- pedition against the Confederate General Price, in Missouri. At Mine Creek, where he commanded a company, the fight was desperate. Here Generals Marmaduke and Cabal were captured, with five pieces of artillery, three stand of colors and many prisoners. Captain Gammill took part in the Wilson raid, in March, 1865. In April following he was sent with 800 men to take possession of the Government property at Augusta, Georgia. This was just before the surrender of Johnston's army, and was about the last of his service with the Third. He participated in not less than fifty en- gagements. He was a brave and gallant I soldier and served the country long and well, and left a record that his posterity may well be proud of. In 1874 Captain Gammill went to Nebraska and engaged in t > ♦ <■ ♦ *■ • ^ HTM :♦::♦: 5»>: »:>: :♦::♦: ?(;« :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ». !»; »; :♦:•»: »::♦: >::♦; 5»>; :♦::♦; >:;♦; :♦::« »>; •♦?♦; :♦>: :♦:;♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>: St?:*: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: '♦::♦: !♦:;♦: %:« :♦::« »::« »>: :4^« :«:♦: :♦>: :«:« »::« see :»::'« '»::« »;!« :♦::« ;m :♦:« am ■,:♦;:« '»»« :♦::« :♦!:« »::« :♦;:*' TUX »; :«:« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦»« :♦;:••• :♦:;« »::<« %:♦: »::♦: »::« »:»: »;:♦: »: %»: »::« »>: »::« :♦>: »>: !»~« :•••:♦: »:;« 694 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. stock-raisinjT. In December, 1878, he sold out and returned to Decatur County. In 1879 he was elected treasurer of the coun- ty and served four years. In 1882 he re- engaged in the stock business in Nebraska. He owns a ranch in Frontier County of over 2,000 acres of land, where he spends much of his time, though his famil}^ still re- side at Leon. He has a fine farm in Ham- ilton Township, Decatur County. Mrs. Gauimill was formerly Miss Mary A. Phil- lips, daughter of Rev. William Phillips, who died of cholera in Cincinnati, in 1849. Mrs. Gammill came to Decatur County with her step-father, David L. Morgan. Mr. and Mrs. Gammill have eight children, si.K of whom are living — James, Charlotte, Elizabeth, Anna Belle, Fred A. and Reefy. The deceased were William and Walter, aged ten days and sixteen months, respect- ively. ■iQ^e^iflaagyy -G^^ 3ffv«pf ILLIAM HOPKINS was born in \_:\/.\k Monmouth County, New Jersey, Ir^^ February 16, 1830, a son of Joseph and Agnes T. Hopkins, who were born, reared and married in the same State, the father dying when our subject was five years of age. The mother is yet living. They were the parents of three sons, our subject being the eldest. The others are — Samuel, who lives near the old home- stead, and Alfred, who died about thirty- five years of age, leaving a wife and five children. After the death of the father, the motlier married Daniel Hopkins, and reared another large family. William Hopkins, our subject, grew to manhood on a farm, being reared by his uncle, Charles Hopkins. July 31, 185 1, he was married to Miss Elizabeth A. Horner, who was born in Monmouth County, New Jer- sey, October 22, 1827, a daughter of Stacy and Sarah Horner. About one year after their marriage, they started for California, via the Nicaraugua route, in company with the parents of Mrs. Hopkins, reaching San Francisco August 5, 1852. Mr. Horner died in Alameda County many years ago. His widow still resides in that county, in fair health, aged over ninety- two years. She is able to number in children, grandchildren and great-grand- children, over 100 living descendants. On coming to California, Mr. Hopkins settled in Alameda County, and engaged in farm- ing and raising vegetables for the whole- sale markets of San Francisco and San Jose. To Mr. and Mrs. Hopkins were born five children, all being natives of Ala- meda County, California. They are as fol- lows — Alfred, the eldest, died aged ten months; John Franklin, living on his father's homestead ; Clara, married Will- iam Allen, and died in Fayette Township, Decatur County, in 1879, leaving two chil- dren, named Ada and Franklin, the former living with her paternal grandparents; William Alexander. The youngest sons of Mr. and Mrs. Hopkins are engaged in the furniture and agricultural-implement busi- ness, at Lamoni. In the fall of 1871, the climate not agreeing with them, Mr. and Mrs. Hopkins removed from California with their family, and returned to the State of New Jersey. In the spring of 1872 they came to Decatur County, and bought 105 acres of partially-improved property, on section 14, Fayette Township. Mr. Hop- kins soon afterward added 240 acres adjoin- ing his original purchase, the latter being on section 12 ; he also bought forty acres on section 14, and eighty acres on section II, near Lamoni. He built for him- self a comfortable and commodious residence on section 14, and also erected two other residences on section 12, which were occupied by his sons. In April, 1885, Mr. Hopkins removed to Lamoni, where he owns a good residence, and is now liv- ing somewhat retired from the active ♦<:♦< ♦■♦ ?^^ ♦> ;♦:;♦; :♦::« :♦::♦" m dd ;♦::♦■ :♦;;♦; »::♦: :♦!:♦ :♦::♦. M m :♦>; :♦;:♦; ;♦:« m ■♦;;♦• ^* :♦.:♦: :♦.■« :♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: m m m m :♦*: :♦:♦ :♦:■« :♦,:« ■in,d >:;♦: :♦;* :♦;:« :♦;:♦; »::♦: *?! •»♦. :♦;:♦; :♦:♦ :♦::♦. :♦:« '4^ :«:♦: 'm :♦::♦; :♦!;« :♦::♦: •*;*< :♦::♦: »::^- :♦::« :♦:»: m :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:« :♦:;♦: ♦..♦; ♦>; ♦;:♦; '♦.:♦: ♦ *: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ;♦: »♦; ♦':♦: ♦::♦: ♦::♦; ♦;;♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦. ♦::♦: ♦:;♦: ♦::♦: ♦:♦: ♦:;♦: ♦::♦: ♦:>; ♦.>; ♦;:♦; ♦'>; ♦;♦: «♦; ♦;♦; ♦>: ,♦>; ;♦:>; m ;♦;:♦: ♦:•»; ♦:.♦: »:♦: ♦:;♦: .< .♦] ♦;♦: ♦,♦; ♦:.'»; ♦:;♦; ♦:♦: ♦;♦: ♦'♦; *:♦; ♦:.♦: *;;♦; *■>♦' ♦:♦; ♦::♦: ♦;♦: ♦'♦) ♦ ♦: ».'♦: ♦ •; », ♦i ♦. ♦; ♦.♦: i * *'. * *'. ♦ ♦; '♦:♦: ♦ ♦; ♦, •: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ► ♦: ♦ ♦; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 606 duties of life. He and his family are mem- bers of the Reorganized Ciiurch o( the Latter-Day Saints, and respected citizens of Fayette Township. :1LLIAM A. ROSS, deceased, was a blacksmith and wasfon-maker. He was born in Ohio, in October, 1826, son of Hugh and Nancy Crossette Ross. He was married February 22, 1849, to Rebecca J. Ross, and they had two chil- dren — John H., born January 22, 1857, '^"d James A., born July 29, 1862. Mr. Ross was a second time married, August 25, 1875, to Catherine, widow of the late Dr. Samuel Huggins, and daughter of Robert and Rebecca McCorkill. Her father was a native of Indiana, and died in 1879. Her mother is a native of New York, and is still living. Mr. Ross left a farm of 100 acres and other property. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity. His estimable wife lives on the home farm. Postoffice, Gar- den Grove. •-•0-^W^K>- ^ |AMUEL METIER, farmer and btock- "^Jt raiser, section 7, Garden Grove Town- ■■r^p ship, was born October 16, 1826, in Clermont County, Ohio, son of William and Sarah (Mayer) Metier, who came to Decatur County in 1856. The father lived only sixteen months after coming to Amer- ica, and died in Illinois. The mother died in 1872. Samuel remained with his par- ents until he was twenty-six years old, re- ceiving a liberal education. In 1854 he settled in Decatur County, and entered 200 acres of land. He afterward added 1,200 acres, and now owns 900 acres of the same. He has fully 200 acres under improvement. The remainder of his land is used for graz- ing. He owns over 100 thorough-bred short-horn cattle. He was married in Ver- million County, Illinois, to Julia Douglas, born in Illinois, in 1828, daughter of Cyrus and Kirb)' (Bloss) Douglas, early settlers of Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Metier have had nine children— W. C, living in Oregon ; John F.; Laura J., wife of G. Stiles ; Sarah R.; Thcodosa, wife of William Stiles ; Al- len H., Samuel D., George E. and Joseph P. Mr. Metier is an ardent supporter of the Democratic party, and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He is very highly esteemed in his community, and hasalways conducted his business in an honest man- ner, and can now enjoy the fruits of his labor. IMEON LOTT, one of the enterpris- ■CS^l) *"^ farmers and stock-raisers of Bloomington Township, residing on section 28, is a native of Jefferson County, Indiana, born February 10, 1830. His father, John Lutt, was a native of Virginia, and when five years old was taken by his parents to Clark County, Kentucky, where he remained till eighteen years of age. He then removed to Indiana, and was married in Jefferson County, that State, to his cousin, Phoebe Lott. They reared a family of sevon children — Abner, Mary Ellen, Lucy, Letcher, Frances, Simeon and Jere- miah, our subject being the sixth child. Simeon Lott was reared to manhood on a farm in his native county, receiving his education at the primitive log-cabin sub- scription schools, with their puncheon- floors and greased-paper lights for win- dows, and clapboard roofs. He was thirty- six years old when he left his native county, coming, in 1866, to Decatur Coun- ty, Iowa, when he located on land which he had entered in 1855. His farm which contains 138 acres is now well improved and highly-cultivated, and is fenced with osagc orange. His residence and (arm >5 ♦ -♦: >..♦. .< • >:♦: >::♦; ♦,.♦! .'■■♦. :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >♦: .♦.♦; ;* ♦. ♦.;♦: .♦:* ,♦.♦! ♦ *: ;♦.:* :♦.;♦; ■>,:«! ♦..«i ♦.♦; ♦"•«i ■ ♦ ♦ ♦ > ♦' ♦ ♦: . ♦; -.■•♦; .♦..♦;;♦;;♦;;*.• 696 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. :♦;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦! >"♦: ;♦;»: .♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::« :: :«:♦: :♦:♦ :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :«>: :«>: :♦;:♦; »::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; »::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :«:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:»: »::♦: :♦>: ?►!:♦; »::♦: :♦>: »::♦: »::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: SKiK :♦;:♦: :«:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::« »::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦"♦: :*:♦; :*.:*: buildings are comfortable and commodi- ous, and the entire surroundings show the care and thrift of a practical farmer. Mr. Lott is, in his political views, a Repub- lican. He has served as township trustee three years, township clerk, three and a half years, and was secretary of the School Board for three and a half years, in all of which he served with credit to himself, and to the best interests of his township. He is a member of the Christian Advent denomination, and is deacon in his church. He is a man of literary taste, and has a good library, composed principally of religious and historical works. He has always taken an active interest in the ad- vancement of education and religion in the neighborhood in which he resides. -5 — -^w^*^^^^;-*- |g||ANDALL MILLIN, deceased, was a farmer living on section 6, Garden Grove Township. He died in i88o, aged seventy-six years. He was married in Clarke Count3^ in 1869, to Mrs. Salina (Frazier) Mason, and they had three children — Sylvanus A., Thomas and Delia A. Mr. Millin had five children by a former marriage, four of wliom are liv- ing — John M., Cicero, Mar}' J. and Arthur L. Mr. Millin was a great hunter, and killed twenty-five deer the first two win- ters he was here. He was very highly es- teemed by all who knew him. His widow lives on the old homestead. fILLlAM McVAY, farmer and stock-raiser, Garden Grove Town- ship, resides on section 7, where he owns 300 acres of excellent farm land. He was born in Knox County, Ohio, July 21, 1841. His parents were William B. and Sarah McVay, of Scotch-Irish descent. They came to Iowa in 1857, where the father died, in 1884, aged seventy-two years. The mother is still living with her son, William, at the age of seventy years. William was reared on a farm, but learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed several years, and has taught several terms of school. He was married in Decatur County in 1865, to Philena Morgan, born in Vermillion County, Illinois, in 1843. They have two children — William B. and Mary D. Mr. McVay obtained his first start in life by teaching school, at $16 per month. »-5-^tt|^-3^-<= EVI CHASTAN, farmer, section 13, ! Eden Township, settled upon his pres. ^^ ent farm in 1855. He purchased this farm, also entered 160 acres on the same section. The land was timbered, and he soon after sold eighty acres. He still owns thirty-five acres of the land he entered, having altogether 195 acres. But very lit- tle improvement had been made upon the place when Mr. Chastan purchased it. A small log cabin had been built, and about twenty-five acres were partially improved. He built his present residence in 1 862. Mr. Chastan was born in Bath County, Ken- tucky, June 23, 1809. His parents were Martin and Elizabeth (Ayres) Chastan. The father died when Levi was a young boy. The mother lived manv years after- ward, and died on the old homestead. Mr. Chastan was reared in his native State, and married Louisa Martin, born in Montgom- ery Count)', Kentucky. The parents of both Mr. and Mrs. Chastan were natives of Virginia. Three or four years after mar- riage Mr. Chastan removed to Putnam County, Indiana, where they lived until they came to their present home in Deca- tur County. Mr. Chastan had three broth- ers and three sisters, all of whom passed the age of sixty-six years ; several lived to :♦::♦: :♦;>; »: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: *;;* :♦.:« >"♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦ »:»! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:»: »::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«-: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: »:':♦: :♦:>: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:■« !«:♦: :♦;:♦; :«:':♦: !»::♦: »::♦; :♦:;«•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«•: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«:♦: »::♦: ;♦"♦: >::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:;♦:*: mOGRAPUlCA I. .S A '£ TCJIES. m', »■«! * ♦! ♦ ♦; > ♦. > ♦: ».♦; ♦ >; ».♦! *♦; ■ ♦; «>: ♦ .♦; ♦ ;♦; .♦;♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦; > ♦! ; ♦; ♦ *'. ♦:♦: ♦.♦: .♦:;■« SfM :♦:>: :♦;:»: :♦:>: :♦:>: *:♦; >::♦; ♦ ♦: ',;♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«:♦: :*>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ■♦;:♦; ♦ ♦; »>; .♦,:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: '♦>: -• ♦; > ♦: ♦ >; ♦ ♦: ♦-♦•. ♦;«i ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: *♦; ♦ ♦; ■> ♦: ♦ >: a more advanced age. Levi is the only surviving member, and the only one that settled in Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Chastan have five children — Lucy Ann, wife of John H. McGinnis, and living in Putnam County, Indiana; Lucious R.; Mary Elizabeth, widow of Joseph \V. Waiting; Eliza A. and John Martin. Mr. Cliastan is of French descent. His grandfather, Rane Chastan, was a native of France, and his grand- motiier of English origin. Both are mem- bers of the Church of Christ, and Mr. Chastan is a Democrat. -•-^!;^>«-T^Sj>««^5<^ *; :♦ -: :♦ »■ '♦ *■ :♦"♦:>: :♦:»;•>:, :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::*■: :♦::♦: >:•♦; :♦:>: *i* ^N *::♦: :♦::♦; »>: :♦:>: »; :♦::♦: :♦;* >:.«': ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:« »:<»: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;•»; :♦"♦: :♦;;* :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :«•"♦: :♦"♦; :♦;>; ■»;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; '♦;■:« :♦;;♦: :♦;:* :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::<»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; »:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:•»; »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:■»: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:!»: >.:♦: :♦::♦: ■»;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:<»: :♦::«: !»::♦: ;♦:;♦: >.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>" ^?; »■► >:♦: 698 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. makes a specialty of raising fine stock. His early educational advantages were quite limited ; but by close application to study, whenever he has had the opportunity, he has acquired a reasonable amount of edu- cation. He is enterprising and alwa3-s stands ready to advance the interests of his county. Himself and wife are con- sistent members of the Catholic church, to the support of which he generously con- tributes. Politically he is a Greenbacker. PostofBce, Westerville. -43- -ej- jyjATRICK MULLINS, section 25, Eden Township, settled here in 1866. At -j^ that time no improvements had been made upon his farm, which consisted of 140 acres. Mr. MuUins was born in Coun- ty Kerry, Ireland, about the year 1832. His father died while he was a boy, and when ten years of age he came to America with an elder brother and sister, both of whom had families. The brother, Dennis, lives in Taylor County, Iowa, and the sister resides in Woodland Township, Deca- tur Count}'. Mr. MuUins married Mar- garet C. Hofifines, a native of Ohio, and they have fourteen children — ninesonsand five daughters. They are all members of the Catholic church, and politicallv Mr. Mullins is a Democrat. [^ C. BONE, physician, surgeon and druggist, at Grand River, was born ® in Jefferson County, Ohio, March 25, 1850, son of Joseph and Sarah (Dorsey) Bone, the former a native of Ohio and of German ancestry; the latter a native of Maryland and of Irish ancestry. Mr. Bone was reared on a farm in his native State until fourteen years of age; then came West with his par- ents, who settled in Albia. Here he assisted his father in the mercantile business and attended school. He com- menced the study of medicine, in 1869, with Dr. Steelman, a brother of Judge Steelman, of Burlington. He remained with him one year, then attended medical college at Keo- kuk, this State, in 1873. He commenced the practice of his profession in 1874, in Van Wert, Decatur County, and remained there three months, then went to Decatur City, and practiced one year and a half, then to Grand River where he still resides, and practices his profession in partnership with Dr. J. P. Maxwell. He also has C. Cole as partner in the drug store. Dr. Bone was married in Albia, January 11, r877, to Min- nie Morris, born in Albia, August 27, 1856, daughter of James H. and Augusta (Briggs) Morris, and they have three children — Fred, Gussie and James B. The doctor is popular where he is known, and commands a large, successful and lucrative practice. fAMES PERDUE, retired farmer of High Point Township, resides on sec- ..,v^ tion 29, where he owns 320 acres of land. He was born in Harrison County, Ohio, in April, i8i2,son of Jonathan and Re- becca Perdue, the former of English and the latter of French ancestry. His maternal grandfather came from France and set- tled in Virginia. James was reared to manhood in Guernsey County, Ohio. He learned the carpenter's trade and followed that occupation thirt}' years. He was married in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, in 1839, to Anna McCune, born in Harrison County in 181 5. Her father was of Irish and her mother of German descent. Their children are — Rebecca, a widow; Martha, wife of George Conklin; Randolph, at home, married Ora Lance, and thej' have three children — Jane, Delia and William R.; and Mary. Mr. Perdue has held the m » .« * :«::♦: ;♦:* ;♦;;♦] :♦::♦: *;* ».% :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦.:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::«■: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: .'»::♦: :♦:;♦: >"♦: >:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: !•>::♦: :♦::♦: :<•>»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :«::♦: :♦::«; >::♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦>: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: !»::« :♦::♦: ;♦::« :«::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»; :♦::♦: :c* :•»::♦: :*;:♦; >::♦: :♦::'«! :♦;:* :♦;:«! :♦::♦; :♦"♦::♦;:♦; :♦::♦::«;♦; !»:;« »::♦; »::•: !»::♦: :*:>: *;♦: »::♦: »::♦: »:♦: »::♦: »:♦: »:* »:;♦; »;;♦: :c« »>: *;♦: !•::♦; »:♦: *::♦: !•:;♦: »:>: k:« »::♦: »::♦: k:« »::♦: »:;♦: »:« *:♦: ^*\ »;:♦: :♦::♦: >:>: »::♦: !►::♦: •»-♦: !»:♦: »::♦: v.w. »!♦: »•::♦: »>: :♦::«; :♦:'♦; >"♦: »::♦: :♦::* :♦"♦: *::♦; »;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: »:;♦; :♦>; »:♦: :«»: !»;:♦: )»>: >::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦; !»:♦: »: *;♦: !»::♦; :♦;♦; I** !•:♦: .♦:;♦: :♦:♦: >:.♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: >■'♦: .♦>; >::♦: ■♦:'♦: '♦ ♦ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 000 office of school director and has been a member of the School Board. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and be- longs to a lodge at Lcwisberg. He is one of the influential men of the county. Polit- ically he is a Democrat. Postoffice, High Point. fORDAN ROGER, residing on section 17, Decatur Township, was born in Wayne County, Kentucky, February 15, 1820, his parents, John and Esther Ro- ger, being Rcntuckians by birth. Both died in Clinton County, Kentucky, where they removed from Wayne County. Of their twelve children our subject was the eighth child. He was reared to manhood in Clinton County, remaining under the home roof until twenty-one years of age. He then began life for himself, with no capital, but with a stout heart, and a de- termination to succeed, going to Davis County, Missouri. He was married in De Kalb County,' Missouri, September 17, 1843, to Miss Elizabeth Ann Sinith, who was born in Clay County, Missouri, Sep- tember 17, 1828, a daughter of Anderson Smith. They have had sixteen children, of whom nine are still living — Mrs. Re- becca Regan, of Harrison County, Mis- souri ; Benjamin, of Decatur Township ; Mrs. Margaret Crees, living in Decatur Township ; George Blucford, of Grand River Township; James T., living in the northeast part of Iowa; Mrs. Amanda Stanley, of Decatur Township, and Thom- as, Susan and Elmina, living at home. One daughter, Mrs. Mary Smith, died in Harri- son County, Missouri, and six children died when young. Mr. Roger was bereaved by the death of his wife, March 12, 1885, with whom he had lived happily for nearly forty- two years. She was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. South, Mr. Roger being a member of the same denomination. In the spring of 1843 Mr. Roger settled in what is now Gentry County, Missouri, where he bought land, livintr there till he came to Decatur Coun- ty, Iowa, in May, 1865, since which time he has been identified with the interests of Decatur Township. While living in Mis- souri he brought 120 acres of land from a state of nature to a well-cultivated farm, besides which he bought and improved other property. Mr. Roger brought with him to Decatur County a capital of $3,500, and about $2,500 worth of stock, so was in a situation to make rapid progress. His landed estate now covers 748 acres, all lo- cated in Decatur Township. His home farm, which contains 474 acres, is well adapted to stock-raising, being one of the best farms for that purpose in this section of the country, and is crossed by Grand River. Most of the improvements on his farm have been done by himself, and his building improvements are noticeably good. In politics he is a Democrat. He is a Mason of twenty years' standing, and is a member of Decatur Lodge, No. 109, of Decatur. ^^ff^lLLlAM WEST, deceased, was .l/\/. born in Ohio, in 1817, a son of (^■TJIsr^ Daniel and Mary West, natives of I Virginia. He was reared on a farm, and in 1843 ^^'^s married, near Columbus, Ohio, to Elizabeth Robinson, a native of Ohio, born in 1822, a daughter of Isaac and Ann (Humes) Robinson, natives of Pennsylva- nia. Their living children are — Charles, of Decatur County ; Hamilton, of Nebraska; Mrs. Ann M. Pierce, of Iowa; Allen and John, of Nebraska; Elmina, wife of Albert Hubbard, of Nebraska ; Jefferson N. and Isaac. The deceased children are — Daniel, Mar)', Martin L. and Lincoln. Mr. and Mrs. West came to Decatur County. Iowa, in 1854. They commenced life poor, but • * >■>. .♦.♦ ■> ♦ » « < ♦ + ♦ .♦ * ♦ .♦. ♦ :♦ .»> ■■>> .♦'.♦ i * * *. * ♦. * t A 9- * « .♦:* .* .*. .♦:♦' .♦'♦! *.♦! * <>■ < 4 ' * >,♦. .♦>; :♦)>: !♦;:♦. '♦;♦: ;♦ ». .♦:* !•;♦; :♦.:« >:* :♦:;<( ,♦::♦; *:••■ »:»' •••;:♦; :♦;* '♦:♦: ♦ « »"♦; ♦'♦ ;* ♦: >'♦. ♦ ♦ > ♦ >♦. .♦«■ 700 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; *;♦: ■♦;■♦■; ;*;>; ♦:>: >::♦; :«•::♦; :'*::♦; *::♦: :♦::♦; :•»::♦; :«::♦: >::♦: *::♦: .♦;:♦: ♦;:♦: :♦;.♦: :♦:■••: ;♦>: :♦:>; ■*;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; •*::♦; .♦;>; *;:♦; '♦;■♦: ♦.''♦; «■.■•^: were industrious and economical, and at his death Mr. West left an estate of 900 acres. Mrs. West owns 240 acres of this land, eighty acres of which are under cul- tivation. She is an estimable woman, a good manager, and has charge of her farm, the work being done by hired help. In politics Mr. West was a Republican. He held the office of assessor, and also several school offices. He was a member of the Granger's order, an organization in which he was much interested. Mrs. West's post- office address is De Kalb. fHOMAS BROWN, farmer, lives on section 34, Garden Grove Township, where he owns forty acres of excel- lent land, in a high state of cultivation. He has a fine residence and a good barn. Mr. Brown was born September 22, 1826, in Scotland, son of John and Margaret Brown. He came to America in 1850, and settled in New York, where he remained six years, then removed to McHenry County, Illinois, thence to Decatur Coun- ty, in 1864. He was married in Scotland in 1850, to Mar)' Rogers, also a native of that country, where she was born in 1828. They are the parents of six children — John, James, EHzabeth, Margaret, Thomas and Mary. Mr. Brown and family are ver}' highly esteemed in the community where they are known. ^RETUS C. SHAW, of Garden Grove, is a pioneer of Decatur Coun- ty, and perhaps none are more worthy of notice in the history of Ringgold and Decatur counties than he. He was born in Calhoun County, Illinois, December 16,1823. His father, Nathaniel Shaw, was a native of Cherry Valley, Herkimer County, New York, born in Jul}', 1790. His occupation was that of a farmer, although when a young man he served an apprenticeship at the shoemaker's trade. He served as teamster in the war of 1812, and after the war, in 18 18, moved to Illinois and settled in Alton, where he lived two years and then moved to Calhoun County, and en- tered eighty acres of land. He afterward bought 160 acres adjoining it, of mili- tar}' land, which he improved, living there six years. He then entered 160 acres three miles from his homestead, to which he moved, and also bought 160 acres joining this tract, where he lived until 1856, when he moved to De- catur County, Iowa, where he died in July, 1865. Our subject's mother was Elizabeth Rutherford, a native of Virginia, and mar- ried in Calhoun County, Illinois, in 1819. She died in 1848, aged fifty years. The family consisted of three sons and five daughters — Charlotte, Aretus C, Emeline (deceased), Carrolie P., Fenton D. C, George W., Elen (deceased), and Sarah. Our subject was reared on a farm. He re- ceived his education in the country schools, and also attended McKendree College, in St. Clair County, Illinois, a short time. He went to Missouri with his uncle and re- mained there eighteen months trading with the Indians. He then returned home and rented a farm and also bought and sold wood, shipping to the St. Louis market, which he followed five 3'ears. In 1856 he moved to Decatur County, Iowa, and bought 360 acres of land on section 16, Garden Grove Township. He afterward bought 160 acres on section 14, which he improved. In the fall of 1858 he formed a partnership with Hiram Chase in the mercantile business, which he continued until 1865, when he sold out and afterward gave his attention to farming and feeding and shipping stock. He was married De- cember 18, 1859, l-o Miss Fidelia Fitch, >;:«: :♦;:*; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■>::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :*;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::*: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:■»: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:■♦; :♦::♦; *:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .^"♦: :♦::♦: :♦■■:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:•♦• :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦::♦; ,*;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; >::♦: :*.,♦•; :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>; >:;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦':♦: :♦'♦; ■»:♦; *♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; '♦:*; ;♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦'» >;» ;»'♦; :♦!:♦; ■♦:>: :♦:♦; >'*] * ♦] ♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: •♦;:♦: :♦::♦; *>; ♦ ♦ > ♦: > »■ >> * <• ,♦ » .♦ ♦; >. ♦: > ♦. :♦♦: > ♦; > ♦: >:♦ >.♦: ;♦.♦: :♦.♦! :♦ >; > ♦: :♦:♦: '.o.*'. > ♦; > .♦; >. .♦: >.>: *:♦; *♦: >■.♦) !♦:,♦: ;♦:;•■ *;♦; »: :♦:>: >::♦; :♦:;♦: »: >;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦.>: >:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: **i ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; :«:♦: :♦;♦; :♦;♦: :♦:♦; :♦:>: ;♦.♦: >::♦; :♦;;♦: >;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: »; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; m. :♦:;♦; >-♦: > ♦: :♦♦•; *>; :♦,:♦: :♦.>: ♦ ♦. :♦<•: :♦,,♦; :♦.:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦♦: > ♦: :♦:>: ;♦ ♦' ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦: '♦ »: > •: •♦♦: > ♦; ■■♦- ♦' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 701 who was bom February 19, 1839, ^ daugh- ter of Lyman and Jane Fitch, natives of the State of New York. She was the youngest of eight children, the others being — Mary A. (deceased), Dr. Charles, Sylvia, Sarah, Chester, Lucy and Ezra. >Ir. and Mrs. Shaw have three children — Lois, born June 18, 1861; Grant L., born October 16, 1863, and Charles M.,born No- vember 2, 1867. Mr. -Shaw owns ten acres of land in the corporate limits of Garden Grove, forty acres on section'28, adjoining, and five town lots on which is a good, com- modious house, where he resides. In poli- tics he is a staunch Republican, and a firm adherent to its principles. He has held several official positions, serving faithfully with credit to himself and the satisfaction of his fellow-townsmen. (LBERT ERNEST, of Leon, settled in Center Township in the fall of i860, locating upon a new farm. He built a log cabin, 14 x 16 feet, in which he and his family lived one year, when he put up an addition. He continued to im- prove the place until November, 1862, when he entered the army as a member of Compan)- C, Ninth Iowa Cavalry, serving nearly two years. In 1864 he lost his eye- sight by small-po.\, and was confined in the pest hospital on Bloody Island, near St. Louis. Owing to this misfortune he was discharged in July, 1864. The year follow- ing he went to Davenport to receive treat- ment for his eyes, but it was without any beneficial result. In i866 he entered the college for the blind, at Vinton, Iowa, where he remained a year and a half, learn- ing the broom antl brush making business. He then returned to Davenport and con- ducted a brush and broom factory until 1872, when he returned to Leon and pur- chased seventy-five acres of new land in Eden Township. Notwithstanding his mis- fortune he personally improved the farm, removing timber, building fences and plant- ing an orchard, with his own hands. He made a beautiful house and occupied it un- til 1880, when he returned to Leon, and later sold his farm, and now lives a more retired life. Mr. Ernest was born in Sulli- van County, Indiana, in 18S3, where he was reared to the occupation of a farmer. His father, Jacob Ernest, died in Indiana, and his mother, Zerelda (VVilkins) Ernest, still lives in that State. He has been twice mar- ried. His first wife was Sarah Albee, and they were married in 1854. Mrs. Ernest died in 1864, just four weeks after her hus- band's return from the army. For a second wife Mr. Ernest married Emily J. Watsa- baugh, of Leon. By his first marriage he had four children — Mrs. Lovina Warner, of Burrell Township; Luella, wife of Clay- borne Brazzleton, of Center Township; Nathaniel, a resident of Eden Township, and Zerelda, wife of W. E. Ammonds, re- siding in Hutchinson County, Dakota. He has an adopted daughter, Etta. Politically Mr. Ernest is a Republican. -suaa^s^Sr i^i^asvnm iON. AMOS B. MOORE was born at Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio, December 13, 1829, a son of Andrew and Rebecca Moore, his father a native of Wayne County, Pennsylvania, and his mother of Wheeling, West Virginia. When our subject was seven years of age his parents moved to Independence, Missouri, his father going there in the interest of the churcii of the Latter-Day Saints, of which he was an elder. He followed the fortunes of this people to Nauvoo and later to Salt Lake City. Leaving the "church faction" :♦♦■ .♦ >. > ♦. .♦ ♦: .♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦ '<■ * * ♦ :♦,♦ ♦ «■ >,♦ >♦ >> ♦ ♦, ;♦ ♦. > » ♦ * .* »' > ■». >,♦. >'♦' :♦* >.♦ > .♦. :♦>, :♦.* ;♦♦. * ♦ ♦ > »:;♦: »::♦; :♦::■»; '♦:■»: :♦;>: !»;:♦: :♦:;♦; :<■:♦; »::♦: :♦:;* »::♦; :♦::♦: -•-■;*•: :•»;:♦: •♦;;♦: 702 ■■■;♦; ;♦:;«; :■»;.■♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦:•»; !♦;:♦; *:♦; !»;:♦; !►;;♦; :♦:;♦: >::♦: ■■..•»; »::♦: ♦;:♦: •*:♦;:♦: at Salt Lake, he returned to Andrew County, Missouri, and joining the Reor- ganized Church, continued an elder until his death, which occurred September 21, 1870, at the age of seventy-nine years, his wife preceding him one month. Seven children were born to them, all of whom lived to marr)^ and have families, but only two of whom beside our subject are living — John H., proprietor of the Union Hotel, at Payson City, Utah; and Andrew, of Oregon. Robert C. died at Sweet Home, Missouri; Mrs. Sarah Head, at Payson City; Mrs. Amanda Eivie, at Fountain Green, Utah, and Mrs. Mar}' Taylor, on the plains in 1 85 1, when en route to Salt Lake. Amos B. Moore commenced at an early age to earn money and care for himself. When eleven years of age he went on the steamer Lucy Bertram, on the Mississippi River, as a cabin boy, and was on the same boat three seasons. After the exodus from Nauvoo, he engaged in farm labor in Van Buren County, Iowa, and from there went to Council Bluffs in 1848. He was em- ploj-ed in the Government service si.v months as teamster, going to Fort Leaven- worth, and in the fall of 1848 returned to Council Bluffs. In 1852 he crossed the plains to Salt Lake and lived at Prove two years. From there he went to California and engaged in farming in Alameda County until 1865 when, in October of that year, he returned to Salt Lake City, and in the spring of 1866 went to Idaho, where he lived four years, being employed by an overland stage company as wood and hay contractor. In 1870 he went to Montana and lived in that Territory two years, engaged in stock- raising. He represented Gallatin County one term in the Territorial Legislature, being elected in 1874 and 1875. I" 1880 he came to Iowa and settled on section 19, Fayette Township, Decatur County, where he has since lived. At the time of his set- tlement the land was a tract of unbroken prairie, but he has brought it under a good state of cultivation and to his first purchase of eighty acres has added 120 acres. Mr. Moore was married July 5, 1849, to CeHa, daughter of D. P. and Martha Young. They have had a family of twelve children — Mrs. Martha Rebecca Hawes, of Fayette Township; Mrs. Nancy Gillen, of Lamoni ; Louisa, died in infancy; Amos ; John, of La- moni ; Daniel, Mrs. Melinda Reese, Frank and Alburn, of Hyde County, Dakota; Mrs. Ida Davis, of Fayette Township ; Ada Dora and Eben, at home. Mr. Moore has been an ardent Republican since the first nomination of Abraham Lincoln. The fam- ily are members of the Reorganized Church of Latter-Day Saints. Mrs. Moore is a reg- istered physician and has an extensive prac- tice, being very successful, especially in the diseases of women and children. -43- -£>- >;;: :«;♦: W- ;♦::♦: !►>: ;♦'♦: ?•-♦: »-♦: »:»: »::♦: »::♦: .«;« »;;♦; m. Kff. m. »>: »>: ;♦:>: !►>: *■>: ?>; ^?:; »::♦: :♦:;♦: ^. P »:!«: .»; :♦::♦: >:>: .•»;♦: :♦:;♦: 3»:>; »•;>: .♦:•»: V.ff. W: .♦:>; »:;♦; W: ♦o* >:♦: .*:.♦: :♦>; 'm. :♦;•« »; ♦-♦: m p AMUEL WILLIAMS, farmer and stock-raiser, resides on section 24, High Pomt Township, where he owns 190 acres of land. He was born in Greene County, Illinois, October 26, 1843, son of Thomas and Rachel (Reynolds) Williams, the former a native of Maryland, and the latter of Ohio. The}' settled in Decatur County in 1855, upon the farm where Sam- uel now resides. The father died in 1883. Their children are — Lovina, widow of Louis Clark ; John, of this county, and Samuel, who came here with his parents. He was reared on his father's farm and has followed farming thus far through life. His father entered a portion of his present farm. He was married in this county, De- cember 25, 1865, to Adaline Morris, born in Ohio, in 184S, daughter of Oliver and Su- san (Scott) Morris, the latter of Irish an- cestry. Her father died when she was quite young. The children of Mr. and ,♦:♦ ■ ** ■♦ ♦ ■» ♦ !♦ ■> :♦.* .♦:♦; :♦-* !♦:* :«::« :♦::♦; ;♦"♦' '♦'♦ ♦ -^ .♦ ♦ :♦. * :♦:♦ :♦'♦: :♦* :♦;.* ;♦:€ ;♦:.♦: :♦:* ;♦:•»: :♦:* :♦;♦: »::« :♦:« :♦::«'. wr^L :♦::«£ :♦:<»: :«:!»: :♦>: :♦::« :♦:* :*::♦: »::♦: .*:♦: :♦:* •»::♦: K»; :♦"♦: :♦;:♦■ :♦:;♦: :♦:;* ;♦::« :♦::« :«;:«! :*::♦: :*:« ;♦"♦: :♦;:« >::« ;♦:>: :«::«: :♦"•: :♦:'* '** :♦;>! :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :•::«! >:;« ;♦;« ;♦:« :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :•:;♦: ;♦;:* :♦:* :♦;* :♦;;♦; ;♦::« :♦:'♦■ :♦'*■ :♦:* :•"♦: m :♦:♦! ;♦. ♦! ♦ •; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 703 Mrs. Williams are — Alma F., Edwin M., Robert B., Daniel, deceased ; Luclla E. and Harry E. Mr. Williams" father en- tered 120 acres of land from the Govern- ment. It was in a wild state, without any improvements. It is now in excellent con- dition. Few men of this county arc more highly respected than Mr. Williams. Politically he affiliates with the Democratic party. 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'♦'♦: ♦'• ♦.* .♦;.♦; »:« :♦>: :«K IS* WK i«K ;: <»::*; ♦>: ♦:♦: :♦::♦: ;«♦; :*:♦: :♦>: s*; :♦» :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: :<♦: :«>: :♦:♦: ;♦:»: »>; :♦>: :♦>: ♦»• :«>: »: ♦>: ♦">'. ♦'♦: ♦:;♦: ♦:.♦: ♦::♦: .♦>; fo*- :c»: :«»: >-♦: :♦"♦: :•?♦: »: *?; :<»: :♦:♦: ♦.>; ■ •! *.'♦: »..♦: ♦:.♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦; »♦: > ♦: INTRODUCTOlir. 707 .cJ I THIN one brief gen- eration a dense and un- broken wilderness has been transform- ed into a cultivated region of thrift and prosperity, by the untiring zeal and energy of an enterprising people. The trails of hunters and trappers have given place to railroads and thoroughfares (or vehicles of every description; the cabin and garden patches of the pioneers have been succeeded by comfortable houses and broad fields of waving grain, with school-houses, churches, mills, post- offices and other institutions of convenience for each community. Add to these numer- ous thriving villages, with extensive busi- ness and manufacturing interests, and the result is a work of which all concerned may well be proud. The record of this marvelous change is history, and the most important that can be written. For forty years the people of De- catur County have been making a history that for absorbing interest, grand, practical results, and lessons that may be perused with profit bv citizens of other regions, will compare favorably with the narrative of the history of any county in the great Northwest ; and, considering the e.xtcnt of territory involved, it is as worthy of the pen of a Bancroft as even the story of our glorious Republic. While our venerable ancestors may have said and believed " No pent up Utica contracts our powers. For the whole boundless continent is ours," they were nevertheless for a long time con- tent to occupy and possess a very small corner of it ; and the great West was not opened to industry and civilization until a variety of causes had combined to form, as ii were, a great heart, whose animating principle was improvement, whose impul- ses annually sent forward armies of noble men and women, and whose pulse is now felt throughout the length and breadth of the best country the sun ever shown upon — from the pineries of Maine to the vine- yards of California, and from the sugar- canes of Louisiana to the wheat fields of Miimesota. Long may his heart beat and push forward its arteries and veins of com- merce. Not more from choice than from en- forced necessity did the old pioneers bid farewell to the play-ground of their child- hood and the graves of their fathers. One generation after another had worn thein- selves out in the service o( their avaricious landlords. From the first flashes of day- light in the morning until the last glimmer of the setting sun, they had toiled unceas- :♦..♦: •♦'♦ :«::*: :♦:* :«.:«: :♦::♦; ;♦::« :♦:»: :«■■»: :♦::♦: :♦>: »::'»: %''»: :♦;:♦: :*::♦: »>: 'm. ♦:'♦; ♦'♦: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: »>: :♦:'♦; :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: .♦> :♦:>: ;♦:.♦: >::♦: :«;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦;.♦; ♦'♦; :♦!>] ♦"♦■ ♦::♦: ♦'♦: :♦:.♦: ■♦:>■ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ■♦'♦: '♦* ;♦:♦■ '*. ,♦' ♦ ♦: :♦;,•: .♦'♦: > ♦: ;♦:♦: :♦♦: >♦' ;♦'♦ ■♦♦' '♦'♦; :♦:♦: :♦'♦' ♦:,♦: .♦:>! ♦I A ,♦:* »: ;♦!>; >'♦. >::♦: >;.♦; :♦::♦: ♦ ♦.♦ * ♦ ■ ■*♦♦♦♦ 708 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. ■♦;♦: :♦:;*. ♦>' ;♦:>. >::♦: :♦;♦: :♦::♦: ♦::♦: ■*:♦; ♦::♦: .♦::♦: ;♦;♦: '♦:♦■ ;♦>; ♦:>: >*■ > >;>; ;♦:*' .♦::♦; *:•♦: ■*:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦' •♦'♦: :♦:>: •*:>; :♦:;♦: *:♦: ♦ >■ :♦::♦: *>: *>? 4->: f.> .♦:♦ ;♦;;♦: ;♦::♦■ :♦;:♦; .♦::*■ .♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: *;* .♦::♦: *:*' ;«■;♦: *:>: :♦.:♦: ;♦:;♦: '*:♦. ♦::♦; '♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; •♦::♦! :*:'♦; *:;♦" ♦.■*; :♦:■♦, »;:♦: *::♦; :♦">: ingl}' on, from father to son, carrying home each day upon their aching shoulders the precious proceeds of their daily labor. Money and pride and power were handed down in the line of succession from the rich father to his son, while unceasing work and continuous poverty and everlasting obscurity were the heritage of the work- ing man and liis children. Their societ}- was graded and degraded. It was not manners, nor industry, nor edu- cation, nor qualities of the head and heart that established the grade. It was money ^ and jewels, and silk and satin, and broad- cloth and imperious pride that triumphed over honest poverty and trampled the poor man and his children under the iron heel. The children of the rich and poor were not permitted to mingle with and to love each other. Courtship was more the work of parents than of the sons and daughters. The golden calf was the key to matrimony. To perpetuate a self-constituted aristoc- racy, without power of brain, or the rich blood of royalty, purse was united to purse, and cousin with cousin, in bonds of matri- mony, until the virus boiling in their blood was transmitted by the law of inheritance from one generation to another, and until nerves powerless and manhood dwarfed were on exhibition everywhere, and every- where abhorred. For the sons and daugh- ters of the poor man to remain there was to forever follow as our fathers had fol- lowed, and never to lead ; to submit, but never to rule ; to obey, but never to com- mand. Without money, or prestige, or influen- tial friends, the old pioneers drifted along one by one, from State to State, until in Iowa — the garden of the Union — they have found inviting homes for each, and room for all. To secure and adorn these homes more than ordinary ambition was required, greater tiian ordinary endurance demanded, an! unflinching determination was, by the .♦,.♦. :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;»:> :♦"♦ >::•» ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: »: m. >'>: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :•»>: :♦::♦; :♦:♦: :♦.:«; :♦;:* :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;* :♦"♦; ;♦::♦; :♦"♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦>; :♦;;♦; »: :♦::♦: :♦>; >::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;>: :♦'>■ :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦'♦: :♦;:♦; :«::♦: :♦::♦: »; :♦;■*; :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; >;;♦' :♦;;♦: :♦;* :♦::«• >,;♦: :♦:.* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;c*; :♦::♦; :♦>; :c* ;♦:;■* ;♦:>; ;♦:;♦: :«:♦: ;♦>; :*,'* :♦:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: sc^ :«':♦: :♦;■♦: :♦:*; :♦>: »: :♦::♦. »: :♦:;♦: :♦>; :♦::« ;♦:;♦: •♦:* ■♦'♦, *'*■ force of necessity, written over every brow. It was not pomp, or parade, or glittering show that the pioneers were after. They sought for homes which they could call their own, homes for themselves and homes for their children. How well they have succeeded after a struggle of man)' years against the adverse tides let the records and tax-gathers testify' ; let the broad cul- tivated fields and fruit-bearing orchards, the flocks and the herds, the palatial resi- dences, the places of business, the spacious halls, the clattering car-wheels, and ponder- ous engines all testify. There was a time when pioneers waded through deep snows, across bridgeless rivers, and through bottomless sloughs, a score of miles to mill or market, and when more time was required to reach and re- turn from market than is now required to cross the continent, or traverse the Atlan- tic. These were the times when our palaces were constructed of logs and covered with "shakes" riven from the forest trees. These were the times when our children were stowed away for the night in the low, dark attics, among the horns of the elk and the deer, and where through the chinks in the "shakes" they could count the twinkling stars. These were the times when our chairs and our bedsteads were hewn from the forest trees, and tables and bureaus constructed from the boxes in which their brouafht. These were the goods were times when the workingmen labored six and sometimes seven days in the week, and all the hours there were in a day from sun- rise to sunset. Whether all succeeded in what they un- dertook is not a question to be asked now. The proof that as a bod}- thev did succeed is all around us. Many individuals were perhaps disappointed. Fortunes and mis- fortunes belong to the human race. Not every man can have a school-house on the corner of his farm ; not every man can ■.♦-•_♦..•„»..♦..♦.♦ ♦.•..♦.♦.♦,.♦„♦,;♦, t^^^J^^. • INTRODUCTORI. 709 :♦ ♦ .♦.♦ ;♦ ♦ * ♦ >.♦. .♦ ♦ ,♦.* >> >:♦: .♦.♦ .♦:♦ ;♦> :♦ ♦ :♦:♦ * > * ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦..♦. :♦>: ;♦..♦: ■»'*' ;*;♦: :♦:♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ ,♦ >.♦ >;♦ :♦>- < ♦ :♦ ♦ » ■4 ♦ ■♦.,♦. ;♦,:♦; :♦:* :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :•♦: :«::♦ >■> ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦ ;♦;;♦. ;♦::♦. >'♦ ;♦ : > ■> .« .♦ :♦> :♦.:♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦■■* ♦ ♦ ,♦, ♦ :♦..♦. :♦;;♦. » :« ♦ :♦.♦ ■♦♦ :« » ♦ ♦ :♦'♦ :♦;♦ ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦ » ♦ » :♦;♦ :♦.♦ :♦>■ have a bridge over the stream that flows by his dwelling; not every man can have a railroad depot on the border of his plant- tation, or a city in its center; and while these things are desirable in some respects, their advantages are oftentimes outweighed by the almost perpetual presence of the foreign beggar, the dreaded tramp, the fear of fire and conflagration, and the insecurity from the presence of the midnight burglar, and the bold, bad men and women who lurk in ambush and infest the villages. The good things of this earth are not all to be found in any one place; but if more is to be found in one than another, that place is in our rural retreats, our quite homes out- side of the clamor and turmoil of city life. In viewing the blessings which surround us, then, we should reverence those who have made them possible, and ever fondly cherish in memor}' the sturdy old pioneer and his log-cabin. Let us turn our eyes and thouglits back to the log-cabin days of a quarter of a cent- ury ago, and contrast those homes with comfortable dwellings of to-day. Before us stands the old log-cabin. Let us enter. Instinctively the head is uncovered in token of reverence to this relic of ancestral be- ginnings, early struggles and final triumphs. To the left is the deep, wide fire-place, in whose commodious space a group of chil- dren may sit by the fire, and up through the chimney may count the stars, while ghostly stories of witches and giants, and still more thrilling stories of Indians and wild beasts, are whisperingly t(jldand shud- deringly heard. On the great crane hang the old tea-kettle and the great iron pot. The huge shovel and tongs stand sentinel in either corner, while the great andirons patiently wait for the huge back-log. Over the fire-place hangs the trusty rifle. To the right of the fire-place stands the spin- ning wheel, while in the further end f)f the room is seen the old-fashioned loom. Strings of drying apples and |)oles of dry- ing pumpkins are overhead. Op|)Osite the door in which you enter stands a huge deal table; by its side the dresser, whose pewter plates and "shining dcif" catch and reflect the fire-place flames as shields of armies do the sunshine. From the corner of its shelves coyly peep out the relics of former china. In a curtained corner and hid from casual sight we find the mother's bed, and under it the trundle-bed, while near them a lad- der indicates the loft where the other chil- dren sleep. To the left of the fire-place and in the corner opposite the spinning wheel is the mother's work-stand. Upon it lies the Bible, evidently much used, its family record telling of parents and friends a long way olT, and telling, too, of children "Scattered like roses in bloom, Some at tbe britlHl some at the tomli." Her spectacles, as if but just used, are in- serted between the leaves of her Bible, and tell of her purpose to return to its com- forts when cares permit and dutv is done. A stool, a bench, well notched and whit- tled and carved, and a few chairs complete the furniture of the room, and all stand on a coarse but well-scoured floor. Let us for a moment watch the city visit- ors to this humble cabin. The city bride, innocent but thoughtless, and ignorant of labor and care, asks her city-bred husband, "Pray, what savages set this up?" Hon- estly confessing his ignorance, he replies, "1 do not know." But see the pair upon whom age sits "frosty, but kindly." First, as they enter, they give a rapid glance about the cabin home, and then a mutual glance of eye to eye. Why do tears start and fill their eyes? Why do lips quiver? There are many who know why; but who that has not learned in the school of e.\pcriencc the full meaning of all these symbols of trials and privations, of loneliness and dan- gcr, can comprehend the story that they 4 * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ • * ♦ • ♦ v ♦ :♦ ♦ > ♦ > ♦ ♦ *■ ♦ 4 4 4 :♦> '♦4 4 « 4 4 44 « ■» > 4 > 4 4 * ,4 4 .4 4 >> >:♦ > 4 4 «* 4 ♦ 4 4 ;♦;♦ :♦.:♦: :♦':♦ 4 4 4 • .4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4,4 ♦"♦ 4 4 ».,4 4"4 .4 4 4 4 4 -» 4 4 • < . r.»'4"*'4r4-"4>' ' •,4 4,4.;4^.A,»«.4>.«-: 'Af.W.W. >■'(* ♦:,♦; >;:♦; .♦:>; :♦:;* :♦;:« :♦::♦; :♦>: :♦::« >::«; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;« :♦;:•« >;;•« :♦::« :c!^« ;«« >»*! .♦::« ^ :♦::♦: :♦::« .♦::« :♦::« »:s« »: :♦;;♦; :«:« >::♦: :c« »: :♦;;♦: :♦::■« :♦::■« :*:♦' »; :•>::♦] :♦::« :«<« :♦;•« :«:« :«;« :♦"■« »r« fc >::♦: :♦-•« :♦::* :♦::••! ;♦;:« ;♦:;« :*;-« :♦::« ;«« :«:« :«« :c« :«:« :c« :♦>: :♦::•« :«« :♦:;♦: ;<« :«:« :♦;•« :c-« :«:« :«:« :c« :«:« :«:« 710 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. tell to the pioneer? Within this chinked and mud-daubed cabin we read the first pages of our history, and as we retire through its low door-way, and note the heavy battened door, its wooden hinges and its welcoming latch-string, is it strange that the scenes without should seem to be but a dream? But the cabin and the pal- ace, standing side by side in vivid contrast, tell their own story of this people's prog- ress. They are a history and a prophecy in one. :>>:*::»:>>>>XKCC«c*:>:>>>>x«:»x*::c;«;:*::c«>>:>>::*»:>>>>>:»::^^^^ :♦"♦::♦: ;♦;■♦■>■; :♦::« :♦;:* Wi >.:♦: >:>•; :♦:>; :♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦: »: :♦::♦; >:;♦: :♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; >"♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :c»: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::«! :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :*r* »: ;^* :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;:<•■ :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :*»; :♦>; :♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦>: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: >:>: :♦:;« :c*: :«::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :c* :♦:;♦: :♦;;•»; :♦;;*: »x« :♦;;♦" :♦»: :♦:>: :♦>: :**: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦; »"♦: :♦::♦: ;«::♦: :♦:;♦: ,*;♦; re* :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: "♦:*>: :♦> » >:♦' ;♦:♦: >'* >;;♦: >::♦: '♦::♦; »: >;:♦; >;;♦; ;♦!>: >::♦; !^* :♦.:♦ ;♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :•::♦; i^* :♦.:♦: :♦"♦: »: :♦;;♦: ;♦=♦; >'♦: :♦>: ;*::♦: :c* »: »: ;♦::♦: :♦;»: ;♦:;* :♦,;♦; »: »: :♦::♦: »: »: :♦>: :♦;;♦: »>; :♦>: »:« m :♦"« »: :♦;:« :♦;:♦; ^ »3« :c« :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:* :♦::♦. :♦,:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;;♦; :«:!*: >::♦; »::«; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;«; »: 'MM :«>: :«:♦; »:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: iC« !^; :♦>: !»"«: ■♦;■♦" ♦ » EARLT AND CIVIL UlSrOIiV. 711 -Jifc- ^^^S^5p5^yp5^lpy&ftoyoooOPoo4-. "■>.T7.>o ^r<€^\^//^g^fcw- ■ "-■w>oooo«>ocvpOooooeocxio EARLY AND CIVIL HISTORY. ■ V^^^Ti? -■ (Tie county of Decatur is in the southern tier of counties of Iowa, and nearly midway between the Missis- sippi and the Mis- souri, there being five counties to the east and four to the west. It is bounded on the east by Wayne Count\-, on the south by the State of Mis- souri, on tlie west by Ring- gold County, and on the north by Clarke County. It contains twelve whole and four fractional town- ships, the latter being four miles wide, so that the whole area of the county is 528 square miles, or 343,910 acres, which is 13,- 162 more than the total assessment, owing to exem])tions for railroads, wagonroads, school and church lots, poor-farm, orchards, etc. The fractional tier of townships lies along the southern border, and owe their small size to the fact that the bound- ary line between Iowa and Missouri cuts off two tiers of sections. The townships in this county run from 67 to 70 north, and the ranges from 24 to 27 west. E.\RLV SETTLEMENT. There were several settlers in the south part of Decatur County as early as 1840. Among them were William Hamilton, Reuben Hatfield, James Hatfield, Alfred Stanley, John McDaniel, John E. Logan and Allen Scott. Some of the above came even as early as 1838, and then supposed they had settled in Missouri. Before the settlement of the boundary question, sev- eral slaves were held in the south part of the county. We find the following among the early records: " I, John McDaniel, of the county of De- catur, and State of Iowa, do hereby release, give up, and set at liberty as a free man, George, a black, a colored man, who has resided in my family from boyhood. Said man is about forty-five years old at this time, about five feet, eleven inches high. Witness my hand and seal this 25th day ol February, A. D., 1852. "John McDaniki.." [1.. .s.] George died in the south part of the county, or in the edge of Missouri, and Mc- Daniel removed jcars ago to Oregon. The boundary dispute, above alluded to, was an important incident in the history of Iowa, and at one time it lookeil serious for the peace of the country. C(jngrcss finally decided in favor of Iowa, but this settle- ment was not made until nearly 1S50. Im- migrants wanted to locale here before that, but the land in this region had not been ac- quired from the Indians by the United States Government. Wherever settlers were found on Indian lands in Iowa, they 4 < » :♦:♦. >;.♦ »:♦: >-♦ :♦:♦ '.*■■* > ♦ >:♦ ;♦'♦ > :♦ 5»> !»> » ;♦.:• :♦.:♦: !»> s»::* »: i»> ;♦ ♦ .♦ •* <»..♦ ;♦:♦ »: »::♦: !♦;:♦ >!:♦ >:;♦ >:>: :♦:;♦. »:♦: *:♦ :♦;:♦ :♦:>■ !♦;:♦: :♦;♦: :♦:.* 'M.'* !♦♦ > T '■» ♦ :♦-♦ ;♦.;♦ >.:♦ » :♦:♦ :♦;;♦: *:♦. :«:♦: »: :*;:« »;;♦ »>: g? :♦> >.:♦. :•>: !♦:♦: >.* »..♦. !♦:♦ > * .♦ • .♦,♦ :♦.♦. !•> !•;* !♦.:♦. »;:♦: :♦":♦• :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦♦ > ♦ »:.«: :♦♦ ;♦♦' ;♦;♦. :♦"♦' :♦ ♦ vv* ♦-♦V '*'4**VY>'VVV>%%%%"V«"*'«'**4"«'«''«' ♦"»"*~«-*'V'»' V*"»'*'«"»' i'»'«'4'»~*~*-VV»"*~«"^^ J>^. 712 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. ♦.;♦; *:♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::■*■. :♦:'* :♦::* ;♦:•« :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: >:* :♦::♦; ;■*•>: ;♦;;♦; :♦:*; :♦:•»: :♦;:♦; :♦:.♦: :♦:;♦■ :♦>: :♦::♦; :*:♦: •»■:♦: :»::♦: *;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; >;■♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦;:* :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦:;« :♦;>: :♦;.♦; :♦::♦: '♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »:*: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: m >;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: *:♦: :♦:>: :♦;♦: ,*:■♦: >:>: i^ .♦>; .♦:;♦; »: .*::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;>; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:■•■ f'f- <.♦ ^^ :♦;.♦; >:>: ■ :♦;:♦; m w ♦ft* ♦♦ i^- m '^ were driven off by the military authorities. This explains why all the first settlers of Decatur County were in the southern por- tion. They were not supposed to be in Decatur County at all, but in the State of Missouri, and hence not trespassers upon Indian lands. In the autumn of 1847 a body of Mor- mons, who were on their great journey across the plains to Utah, stopped at what is now Garden Grove, in the northeastern part of the county, to winter. The follow- ing spring the main body of them moved on west, but a few remained two or three seasons to raise stock and provisions. The last of the Mormons left that place in 1851. Some of them sold their horses to immi- grants, who now began to come in consid- erable numbers. Anthony Vanderpool, near Westerville, is supposed to be the oldest settler yet liv- ing in the county. The oldest person, how- ever, is Jane Burrell, 106 years of age, now living in Eden Township. Allen Scott, now living in Bethany, Missouri, is the only survivor of the first settlers. HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENT. In 1850 L. Ujhazy, who was civil-gover- nor of the fortress Komorn, in Hungary, came to the United States and settled on the left bank of Grand River, occupying the lands on tlie right bank, where Davis City now stands. A postofhce was es- tablisiied, to which he gave the name of New Buda, after the capital city of Hun- gary, Buda-Pesth. He was appointed post- master. With him came some five or six Hungarians, and it was known as a Hun- garian Colony. In 185 1 L. Madarasz, with his son, Joseph Majtheuyi, with his son, Theodore, Francis Varga and Ernest Dra- hos, all Hungarian exiles, who held very im- portant positions during the Revolutionary struggle in Hungary, in 1840, settled in Decatur County. Governor Ujhazy lost his wife in the fall of 1851, and moved to Texas with his family, near St. Antonio, where they bought land. In 1853 Ignace Hainer, with his family, and some other Hungarian exiles, settled near New Buda. In 1856 Drahos and Aufricht laid out a town, which they called New Buda. For some years it was a good trading point, but since the railroad was built to Davis City it nearly disappeared — even the postofifice is now discontinued. When Governor Ujhazy left he sold his claim to a German colony, in 1852, who came from Prussia, Germany. They sent out seventeen men in advance to prepare homes for their fam- ilies, who were to come next 3'ear; but, as is mostly the fate of such colonial enter- prises, very little was done by them during the winter, and when, in 1853, the members of the colony with their families arrived, not finding houses ready, got discouraged, sickness took away some, and most of them moved awa)% only five or six families re- maining, who are doing well, not as a colo- ny, but as individual farmers. The balance of their lands was occupied by American settlers. New Buda was surveyed by the General Government in 1852, and after- ward was organized into a township and named New Buda. ORGANIZATION. The county was organized April i, 1850. The first meeting of the Board of County Commissioners was held May 6, 1850. The commissioners were Josiah Morgan, Will- iam Hamilton and Asa Burrell. Henry B. Noston was the first clerk of the Board. The first order was one allowing Andrew Still $30 for services as organizing sheriff. They also at this meeting made an order that the district court, probate court, and commissioner's court be held at the house of Daniel Moad until " such time as the county seat shall be located." At a meeting of the commissioners in :♦.*; :♦;:♦: :*:*' :♦>; :♦!>: :♦;»: :♦:;♦: *?« :♦;:« »::♦: :♦;>; »;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;* :♦::•« :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦!:♦: :♦;:« :«::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦:>: .«;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::«: :♦:>: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »^ :♦:;« ;♦::« »:% :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:>: :*>: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :«;:♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■»»♦: :♦;« :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;;♦: Wff. ;*;♦; :♦>; :♦;;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :«:♦: »rM »;:« :♦"♦; ♦ » ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦.♦ ♦ ♦: ♦::♦: :♦;♦: :♦:♦: :•>: ♦:.♦; .♦:;♦: '♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: .*:»: *;♦; :♦;.♦: :♦>: :•:♦; :♦>; .♦::♦: :♦>: ,♦>: .♦-♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:* :♦>' '•;♦: :♦>: ;♦>■; :♦::♦: ;♦>: :<♦; »-♦; ;♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦:>; ;♦;:♦; ;c« '♦:;♦; :♦;*; ;c»: :♦:;»: :♦!>: :♦>: :«;♦; :♦>: :♦;♦: '*■'.»'. ♦;♦, ♦:♦; ♦>: ♦>' .♦:♦: .♦:♦: :♦>: :♦:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦>; :♦::♦: >::♦: :c*: ;♦>: ;♦:;♦: .«::«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :«:*: :♦;:♦; ■»;j»: ;♦;.♦: i^* *.♦: :♦::«: ;»;;♦: ■*♦: :♦;;♦: *:V EA/tLl' AND CIVIL HISTORT. 718 July of the same year they divided the county into lour civil townships, to wit: Garden Grove, M_*-*,.' 714 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. ,v..*. ♦:;♦. ;♦;>: :♦.;♦; :♦:;♦: ,♦::♦; >:>; :♦:;♦; :-<■:>: ♦:>: .« .♦) :«::♦; >'♦; ■>;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; >:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦: :*:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :*;»^ :♦::♦; >::♦; ;«•;:♦; ;♦::♦; >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:♦; >::♦: :♦:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :*:♦; :♦"♦: >■*■ ■*♦. >.:♦: :♦:>: :♦;*: :♦::♦; >.:♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦.>; ;♦;:♦; :♦:■♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::«: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:.♦: ;♦:.♦; ;*::♦; :♦.:♦: >"•»; feet high, and to be built of hewed logs. This first " temple of justice " did not long serve the purpose for which it was erected. It was afterward made to serve a useful life as a hotel. It was built by John J. Stanley, on contract, for $375, and stood on lot number 5, block 18, which was conveyed to the county by Allen Scott. ELECTION OF 1 852. At the August election ot 1852, S. C. Thompson was elected County Judge ; W. L. Warford, Clerk ; A. J. Evans, Prose- cuting Attorney, and Thomas Miller, Supervisor of Roads. REMOVAL OF THE COUNTY SEAT. It was claimed by some that the selec- tion of Decatur City had been illegal, because on account of high waters, the com- missioners had not been able to reach the site inside of the limits of time fixed by the statute. The General Assemblj' ac- cordingly ordered an election to take place the first Monday in April, 1853, to decide anew the county-seat location. It was urged that the point to which it was pro- posed to change the count}- seat was but little, if any, more central than Decatur, and that the county had incurred expense in building a court-house. To the people of Decatur County this proposition elicited more interest than the pending presidential contest of that day. The vote, however, was taken, and resulted in favor of removal to " Independence," afterward called "South Independence," and now Leon, sit- uated on the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 28, and northwest quarter of the northwest quar- ter of section 33, township 69, range 25. The county surveyor was employed to survey the new town. At the next April term of the county court a sale of lots was directed to take place on the second Tues- day of May, 1853, notice to be given by publication in the Des Moines Valley W/iig, Fairfield Sentinel, Iowa City Reporter and the Pioneer, at Trenton, Missouri. Forty acres of land on which the town was located had been donated to the coun- ty as an inducement for the removal of the county seat, and the survey of the town was made in May, 1853. On the 12th of the same month a court-house was ordered to be built, and Peter C. Stewart became the contractor, the price being $1,650. For some reason he failed to discharge the con- tract, and at the June term of 1854 another order was made for a court-house, to be built of brick, 24 x 40 feet, and two stories in height, with three rooms below for of- fices, and one above for a court-room. A contract for the brick work and plastering was let to Arnold Childers for the sum of $900, and for the wood work to F. Parsons for the sum of $800. This building was in use when burned, with all its contents, March 31, 1874. TOWNSHIPS. In 1854 the number of townships was by division increased to sixteen, thus making each congressional township, and also each of the four fractions on the south a civil township. In 1873 Leon was also made a township, with limits coinciding with the town corporation, so that there are now seventeen townships, as follows: Bloom- ington, Burrell (formerl)- written with one " 1 "), Center, Decatur, Eden, Fayette, Franklin, Garden Grove, Grand River, Hamilton, High Point, Leon, Long Creek, Morgan, New Buda, Richland and Wood- land. GROWTH IN POPULATION. The most rapid growth of the county was from 1853 to 1857. Then it was almost stationary until 1868. From that year to :♦:;♦: !♦:♦: :♦::♦: :*:♦' >:.>: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦"♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦::<■: :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: ;*>: :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦>: ;•♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:♦ ;♦::♦ :♦::♦: :<■>; >'♦ >:♦; »: :♦;:♦; ;♦:>: »: »: »: ;♦>: :♦'♦: ;♦:>■ :♦:> >:>; ;♦!>; :c* »: :♦>; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::•♦: »; :♦"♦: »; :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: :♦>; ;♦;:♦; :•»>; :♦>; :♦"♦: .<»>: :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;••• :♦>: :♦::♦: :*:♦: :c« :♦>: :«:♦: :♦"♦: :«;♦; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: :♦::♦: »: »>: !«>; s»>: :♦'«• »"♦; :«♦; »::♦: :♦;:«: »::♦: 'iKif. :♦>: :♦"♦; »;»: :«>: »>: :♦;:»: :♦"♦: >:;♦: »::♦: ;♦>: :«■>; :■»:* :♦::♦: ;♦::*: • ♦ ■ ♦: .■^.♦: >:>: »: :♦>; »: m >.« :♦>. *5»! :♦>! :♦!:♦: :♦::♦: »: :V.»: :♦"♦: >!»: :♦"♦: :♦!:♦: *?! »>. :♦>: »: »»; :♦»: »: :♦»: »: :«« :♦!:« »»: »: :♦>: »>: :♦'♦: :«:« »: »: :«K ;♦>; »-♦; di*. :♦>: »3« >H« :♦::♦: :<♦: »::« :«:♦: :♦::♦: »; >::« !»:!« :♦„♦: mm ap»: »!;« :«:♦: :«:« :«;♦, >:» :«:« mm ;«:« :«:« »-« :«:♦: %:« »»! '«3I! SITA' !«»: !«;« »:% BARLr AND CJVIL HISTORV. 716 1875 there was considerable increase, since when the growth has not been rapid, and since 1880 there has been an actual de- crease. The population by different census reports has been: 1850,965; 1851, 1,016; 1852, 1,184; 1854, 3,026; 1856, 6,280; 1859, 8,238; 1860,8,677; 1863, 8,370; 1865, 8,052; 1867, 8,501; 1869, 10.339; 1870, i2,oj8; 1873 11,598: 1875, 13,249; '880, 15,336; 1885 15,083. :♦"♦: :♦.:♦ :*:>. :♦>; ;♦;>; >::♦: » ;♦;:♦ :♦:♦. "m. w »>: ;*>: i^* ft*. {»>: :»:*: wjt. 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"<. <^ POLITICAL •T^^ ^^N the first years ot De- catur County's his- tory the two great parties were known as the Democratic and the Whig. The count}' was then reli- political abl}- Democratic, especially on State and national issues. In county affairs there was more independence. For the first few ^^^, „ 3'ears there were no rigid party ^^i^ affiliations, no machine conven- tions under the iron rule of " bosses," and no disciplinary caucuses, whose decrees must be followed under penalty of death. Candidates were run almost entirely on personal popularity for local and county offices. This inde- pendence continued until about 1858, since when it has not been so general, although it prevails to a certain extent even now. The causes of the defeat of the Whigs as a national party in 1852 are well known. The anti-slavery people were suspicious of the party leaders, and finallv were com- pletely alienated ; and the party of Cla}' and Webster falling into weaker hands after the death of those statesmen, was not only defeated, but killed for all time. In 1854 and 1855 a new party arose on its ruins, absorbing the strength of the Whigs, the Free-Soilers, and after a few years many Northern Democrats. In the first national campaign the Republican party put forward as its first standard bearer, General John C. Fremont, the popular Western hero, who was, however, defeated by the veteran statesman and politician, James Buchanan, nominated b\' the Demo- cratic convention. Over 600 votes were polled in Decatur County, Buchanan re- ceiving over 200 plurality. The Ameri- can, or " Know-Nothing " party had placed before the people Millard Fillmore, who received a few votes in this county. Decatur County continued strongly Democratic for some years. In 1864 the Republicans carried the county, but the three years following small majorities were given to the Democratic tickets. Since 1868 the county has been Republican by varying majorities, and now it is about 400 Republican on a straight vote, and from 100 to 200 Republican over the combined Democratic and Greenback votes. Occa- sionally, of late years, the " Fusion" tickets have been successful. The following is a list of the incumbents of the several county offices with years of service. COUNTY JUDGES. Samuel C. Thompson, i852-'7; William F. Kelly, iSsS-'g; L. H. Sales, i86o-'i ; W. W. Ellis, 1862-3; Luman N. Judd, 1865 ; Robert Kinnear, i866-'9. ^:cc♦>>>>;:c♦-♦:>>>:;♦>;;*:♦>>JMi;♦>>:;<■ .♦..♦: :♦:;♦; :♦>: :♦;!♦: :♦>' :♦"♦. ;♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: >::*: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦>: :♦>" :*;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦>. :♦:•»: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦' »: '*'.'.*. :♦:;♦; »; ;♦>; :♦>; :♦:;♦; :♦:>; ♦;>: :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦;>: :♦;;♦; :♦:>; :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦>: !♦;>: :♦;;♦: »; >:>: :♦>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: >:;♦; ;♦>; :c»; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >:* '♦'>' ♦:♦ »; :♦>: :♦::♦: ic* :<♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: ♦;>: ;♦:;♦. :♦•;:♦; ;♦::♦: »; :♦;>: :♦::♦: .♦>; '.*'.'.*'. :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ♦:♦: >-♦. POLITICAL. 717 : *::♦ :♦> :♦::♦ »>: »>: k;«; »>: ;«:♦: :♦>; »:;« »>: :«»; %:♦: »"♦: :«:♦: »::♦: »;;♦: ;♦>; .«:♦: »>: :** :«>: :<«! »>: :♦'♦: ;♦>: :<«:« :♦;:♦: :«:♦: :♦>: :<*: :«;«': :♦:;« ♦;♦: »"♦: <»>; »: ;«:« :♦:♦; :♦>: :«>; :«:♦: ;«♦: .♦:♦: ;♦>: :♦>; »r* :♦"♦: P :♦>: :♦>: ;♦:■»: ♦ft*: :«♦; "♦::!♦: ♦;♦' ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ;♦=♦: iV: p TREASURERS AND RECORDERS. John Brown, 1852; Abner Harbour, 1853; John Jordan, 1854-'/; Ira B. Ryan, 1858- '9; Samuel C. Cummins, i86o-'3 ; J. C. Porter, 1864. TREASURERS. J. C. Porter, 1865; Samuel C. Thomp- son, i866-'7i ; Charles B. Jordan, 1871 ; Francis Varga, 1872-7 ; E. J. Sankey, 1878- '9; J. C. Gammill, i88o-'3 ; A. E. Chase, 1 884-. RECORDERS. Luman N. Judd, 1865 : \V. W. Ellis, 1866- •8; W. J. Sullivan, 1869-76 ; John W. Leeper, 1877-80; J, H. Garrett, i88i-'2; John \V. Little, i883-'4; C. W. Beck, 1 885-. CLERKS OF COURTS. W. L. Warlord, i852-'3; Samuel Dunn, i854-'5 : George T. Young, i856-'62 ; Na- than Perdew, 1863-4; Francis Varga,i865- '6; Ed. K. Pitman, 1867-70; Nathan Per- dew, 1 87 1 -'2 ; A. E. Chase, i873-'8 ; Nathan Perdew, i879-'8o; Millard F. Stookey, 1881-4; E. J. Sankey, 1885-. SHERIFFS. John J. Stanley, i852-'5; Joseph R. Par- sons, i855-'7: Harrison Weldon, 1858-9; George Woodbury, i86o-'3; Ira B. Ryan, 1 864-' 5 ; George Woodbury, 1866-9; E. J. Sankey, i870-'3 ; W. H. Fortune, 1874- '5; A. Uilsaver, 1876; J. A. Snyder, 1876; John Backus, 1877; W. A. Kilpatrick, 1878-9; A.J. Allen, i88o-'3 ; W.A.Brown, i884-'5; J. \N. Honnold, 1886-. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. Thomas Johnson, i858-'6i ; Vincent I Wainright, i862-'3; J. C. Porter, 1863; J. 1 W. Penney, i864-'7; Samuel Bowman, 1868-9; W.C.Jackson, i870-'3; J.L.Har- vey, i874-'5 ; J. C. Roberts, i876-'8; Jo- sephine Kellogg, i878-'9; Laura V. Dye, l88o-'i ; Emmeline Manncy, i882-'3 ; Lou Armel, i884-'5; ^^I^s. Julia B. Hoadlcy, I 886-. SUPERVISORS. A. B. Stearns, R. D. Burnett. Sam'l W. Sears, Seth Samson, G. W. Rudibaugh, G. W. Shewmaker, J. D. Brown, W. S. Am- merman, E. Banta, Hiram Chase, Edward Conwell, W. H. H. Clark, D. G. Sears, C. W. Barr, J. D. Strong and J. R. Smith. AUDITORS. George Burton, 1871 ; Robert E. Dye, 1872-3; W. C. Jackson, 1874-9; W. J. Sullivan, i88o-*3; J. F. Scott, 1884-5; T. H. Schenck, 1886-. SENATORS. Amos Harris, i852-'3; Nathan Udell, 1854-5 : John \V. Warner, 1856-9; Will- iam E. Taylor, i86o-'i ; E. F. Esteb, 1862- •3; C. G. Bridges, 1864-7; Isaac W. Kel- ler, 1 868-7 1 ; Elisha T. Smith, i872-'5 ; Fred A. Teale, i876-'9 ; Isaac W. Keller, l88o-'3 ; John McDonough, 1884-. REPRESENTATIVES. Abraham Putnam, iS52-'3 ; S. P. Yeo- mans, i854-'5 ; Thomas M. Bowcn, 1856-7 ; W.J. Lane)', 1858-9; Racine D. Kellogg, i86o-'3 ; John R. Andrews, i864-'5 ; Thorn- as H. Brown, 1866-7 ; Henry W. Peck, i868-'9; Fred A. Teale, i870-"3; Stanfield P. McNeill, 1874-7; W. S. Warnock, 1878-9; J. C. Porter, i88o~'i ; William F. Kclley, l882-"3; Elijah Banta. iSS4-'s ; Thomas Teale, 1886-. 4 * > ♦. :♦:.♦ :•.;♦. .♦*■ ♦ * ♦ ♦ « * .♦'.♦ *.♦ ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ .♦':♦ .♦>; ;♦>. :♦>. ;•;;♦: :♦>; :*::♦; ;«:>: :♦::« :••(;« ;*::♦; :*>: :♦.;♦; *>; :«:>: let: .♦:?« '>f:ft. v:m :♦;;♦: !♦:♦; ».♦: :•:.♦, ;•-* :♦!:« .»;«( :♦;»: w.m w:m ^ :«.« »:* HCM »"« ;«:« *:« i ** .♦:♦: :♦:♦ »♦ :*"♦' >;:*; :■♦.■»; ;♦;:♦: >;;♦; :♦::♦: •♦»; :«:♦: ;•«»: ;♦::♦: :«♦: re*: :«:♦: »: »;:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;« :*'« »:;♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:>•! :c« ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: >r*: :♦::♦: »: ;♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;.*: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: S^ :♦>: >:;♦: >::♦: :♦:<•>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :«»: :•♦;»: :♦:;♦: >;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:•»•: :♦::♦: !♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :<♦: :♦::♦: »; :♦:;«: »: N^ :♦:,♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;♦: ;♦:♦; >:♦: >::♦; :♦"♦; ;♦;;♦: >::♦: '♦::♦: :♦:;♦! ,♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;* :♦;:♦; ,♦:» :♦',♦: ',♦'.:♦: >:«'. :♦'.♦: 718 HISTORr OF DECATUR COUNTT. 1^ BOUT day-break on the I2th of April, 1861, the stiUness of Charles- ton Bay was disturbed by the firing of a large j^^, mortar and the shriek \'^ of a shell as it rushed through the air. The shell burst over Fort Sumter, and the war of the great Rebellion was be- gun. In the North the hope had been tenaciously clung to that the peace of the country was not to be disturbed. This dream was rudel}' broken by the siege of Fort Sumter. The North awakened suddenly to the awful certainty that civil war was begun. There was a deep feeling of indignation at the traitors who were will- ing to ruin their country that slavery might be secure. There was a full appreciation of the danger, and an instant universal de- termination that, at whatever cost, the national life must be preserved. Personal sacrifice was unconsidered; individual inter- ests were merged in the general good. Political differences, ordinarily so bitter, were for the time almost effaced. Nothing was of interest but the question how the audacious rebellion was to be suppressed and the American Nation upheld in the great place which it claimed among men. Two da3's after the fall of Fort Sumter Mr. Lincoln intimated by proclamation the dishonor done to the laws of the United States, and called out the militia to the ex- tent of 75,000 men. The free States re- sponded enthusiastically to the call. So prompt was their action that on the very next day several companies arrived in Washington. Flushed b}- their easily-won victory, the Southerners talked boastfully of seizing the capital. In a ver}' short time there were 50,000 loyal men ready to prevent that, and the safety of Washing- ton was secured. The North pushed forward with bound- less energy her warlike preparations. Rich men offered money with so much liberality that in a few days nearly $25,000,000 had been contributed. The school-teachers of Boston dedicated fixed proportions of their incomes to the support of the Government while the war should last. All over the country the excited people gathered them- selves into crowded meetings and breathed forth in fervid resolutions their determi- nation to spend fortune and life in defense of the Union. Volunteer companies were In the cities ladies began rapidly formed. '*■*: :♦::♦: »>: :♦:»: »-« :•♦>; :♦:;« :'•::♦: »::♦: .«:♦: w.w. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;♦: »-♦; :♦::<»: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: .♦"♦: »::♦: >:y. »x« >;;♦: :♦"♦; :♦?♦: :♦;:♦; w.w. 'fffrnf. :♦"♦: :«::♦: »>: :♦>: >::♦: :■»::♦: »x«; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::<»: »::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: W- !»:.«: :♦::♦: »:;♦: »"♦: :♦:.♦: }»"♦: »::♦; !♦::♦: '*:;♦: :■«:•: •*::♦: »:»: »: :♦;:♦: !«:♦: EC* »::« !♦>: E»:»: »>: >::♦: »>: 8»>: *::♦: »::«: :♦::♦: !■♦;:♦; !»::♦: »::♦: !»:■»• i»::*: »;:♦: !►::♦: »:>: »: !♦;;♦: t«»: :♦::* »::♦: '*>; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :c«i »: :*;« :c« :♦::« :«« HTM »-^ «^ :♦:« :♦:* »::4; :«« :<♦: :«»: :<«•: :♦:« :c«i :•>! :♦"♦; ^Sk »: »: »: :♦>: •<•:>: :<«! :»~« :«♦! :♦::« »:« :«:«! :c« :«:♦: :♦"♦; >::♦: »:« :«:« ;♦:% :«« :♦>: :♦>: :♦::•« :♦::« :♦;:«; :♦>: :«» *>: :♦>: :«:« :«9i :♦:«! :«:« :♦!« :♦>: :c«i ;c« :«K «:« :«K :«K :«aR :♦:« :♦>: :♦:« :«»: *;♦! :♦>: :«:« :«>: :♦>: »:*: !k:« ♦•♦: .♦.:♦. » re*! T//E CIVIL WAR. 719 to organize themselves for the relief of sick and wounded soldiers. It had been fabled that the North would not fight. With a fiery promptitude unknown before in modern history the people sprang to arms. Decatur County had at this time a pop- ulation of but little over 8,000. With a people mainly devoted to agriculture, with- out railroads or telegraph, and remote from the capital and other large cities, it could hartily be expected that a warlike spirit should be easilv developed. But we little know how potent is the spark of patriotism in the breast of the American farmer until occasion calls it forth. Soon after the call for volunteers a company was raised in and near Leon, which was at once ten- dered to the State authorities. Other companies, however, had been offered in such numbers that the Decatur County volunteers were at first declined. After- ward they were told to hold themselves in readiness for service, and from that time they drilled regularly and prepared for war. In July, 1861, the Decatur County com- pany was mustered in, as Company D, Fourth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. George Burton was Captain ; Joseph S. Warner, First Lieutenant, and John B. Springer, Second Lieutenant. Warner resigned his commission in February, 1862. Burton was promoted to a Lieutenant-Colonelcy May I, 1862, and Howard Brown, who had been promoted from Fourth Sergeant to First Lieutenant, became Captain. Fred- erick Teale was Captain in the latter part of the war. Samuel Bowman was First Lieutenant after the promotion of Moward Brown. James W. Finley became Second Lieutenant, and later First Lieutenant. James D. Gamble was Second Lieutenant for a time. The Fourth Iowa Infantry left the State of Iowa on the gth day of August, 1861 ; went immediately to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, and staid there until the 24th of August, when it went to Rolla, Missouri. The regiment left Rolla on the 22d of January, 1862, with tiie Army of the South- west, and was continually on the march (save now and then a few days) until its arrival at Helena, Arkansas, on the 14th of July, 1862. The regiment remained at Helena until the 22nd of December, 1862 ; fought at Chickasaw Bayou on the 28th and 29th of the same month; then embarked and went up the Arkansas River and fought at Arkansas Post on the loth and nth of January, 1863; then returned to the front of Vicksburg, landing there (at Young's Point) on the 22d of January, 1863. The regiment lay at Young's Point, and below there at Gregg's plantation, until the 2d of April, when it embarked and went 150 miles up the Mississippi River to Greenville, whence it went on the celebra- ted raid in the Deer Creek V^alley, return- ing again by the river to Milliken's Bend, from whence it started on the active cam- paign against Vicksburg, on the 2nd ot May, via Richmond, Louisiana, and Grand Gulf, Mississippi, to Jackson, where they were two days engaged in tearing up the railroad. Thence moved on N'icksburg, where on the 18th they arrived and com- menced the memorable siege. On the 4th ot July, the regiment again started to Jackson, and there participated in the battle of Jackson. Returning, went into camp on the 29th of Julv, on Black River, fourteen miles in rear of Vicksburg. The regiment lay in camp at this place un- til the 22d of September, when it embark- ed on steamer, and went to Memphis, where it landed, and immediately set out on the campaign to Northern Georgia, via Corinth, Tuscumbia, Eastport, luka. and intermediate points, to Chattanooga, where it arrived after a long, weary march, on the 23d of November. Participated in ihebat- ;♦,'♦ » » >>: »: :♦>; :♦"♦. ?b* !«!;♦: *::♦: »: ;♦!* :♦:>: *;♦; :♦:.♦' »; »; :♦>: >::♦: :♦>; »; »; ;♦;♦; »: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦>: :♦:;♦: :c»: :♦"♦• ;♦.>: ;♦>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:♦: :♦>: :«::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :c* ;♦"♦: :c« :♦>: !•!:♦; :♦>: »; i^ :♦>: .«:♦: :<*: :♦::♦: :♦:♦; ;c« ;*:♦: :c« »; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >;;♦: :♦:♦; •♦"♦. :«[;« :♦.:♦; ^x* »>: :♦>: :♦-♦; :«>; :♦;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦> :♦> .♦"♦ ♦ ♦ ►>,.♦,;•,*.♦,.♦,.♦.».• rr. ♦, ,», ^ * 720 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. 'ti.'fi. »>: :♦;>; :♦"♦: >::♦; :«:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:>: 5»>: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦; »::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: >;>: >;>' ■<•;■.'■ :♦;■». :♦::•», :♦,"*: >:>: :♦:> ■»;;* :♦::♦ :*::♦ >'■♦: :«;•»; :»'.:♦: :»:>: ;♦':*: :«;■■»' >;<' :♦::*: •♦;:;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: ■»•'* :♦:;*' >■> :♦::♦: :♦■:♦" >:■»; :♦::♦ >;:♦ :♦::♦. :♦:;♦ :♦::♦; >::♦ :♦::♦ :«;>. :♦.'♦ :♦:':? :♦•;■» :♦':♦ »: :♦;;♦; >':♦ :♦"*■ ■<>:*■ :■♦•::♦ ;♦":♦' :♦;;♦: >::♦: .♦ > >:>■ :♦;:♦ :♦::♦; [♦::«• :♦;>, :♦> :♦;-> :♦;.♦ '♦;♦: :♦;:♦ :*:>: > ♦ ». :*■:.♦ ■*■•• :♦;* >■*: :♦'♦' ;•:.♦;*: tie of Lookout Mountain on the 24th, and in the battle of Missionary Ridge on the 25th, and again in the battle of Ringgold on the 27th. On the 3d day of December the regi- ment went into camp at Bridgeport, Ala- bama, and moved from thence to VVoodville, where it remained in camp until the 26th day of Februar3% when it started home on veteran furlough. In April the regiment again left Iowa to return to the field ; staid at Nashville a few days to get an outfit, and then started on the campaign against Atlanta, and from this on it helped make the histor)^ of Sher- man's famous campaign before Atlanta, through Georgia and across the Carolinas. It was mustered out at Louisville, Ken- tucky, July 24, 1865. Soon after this first company was raised a cavalr}- company was raised at Garden Grove and vicinity, which, in August, 1861, became Company L, of the Third Cavalry. Oilman C. Mudgett was Captain until March, 1864, and was succeeded by John D. Brown, who had been promoted from Fourth Sergeant to Second Lieutenant. Ezra Fitch was First Lieutenant, but re- signed May I, 1862, and was succeeded by Dudley E. Jones, of Keokuk. James C. Williams was First Lieutenant during the latter part of the war. Edward Mudgett was the last Second Lieutenant of the company. About twenty-five men also entered Company M, of this same regi- ment, under Captain John W. Warner, who resigned February 6, 1862. The Third Cavalr}' was one of Iowa's most famous regiments during the war and as it contained more than a hundred men from Decatur County, the following history by a member of the regiment will be found of interest, " The Third Regiment of Iowa Volun- teer Cavalry was organized at Keokuk, be- tween the 20th and 30th of August, 1861, by Colonel Cyrus Bussey, who superin- tended the organization, and provided for the subsistence of the men and horses. In sixteen days from the time his call for vol- unteers was issued at Keokuk, more than 1,000 men and horses were in rendezvous. Some of the companies were raised 150 miles in the interior. The following coun- ties are represented b}' companies: Lee, one ; Van Buren, three ; Davis, three ; Ap- panoose, one ; Wayne, one ; Decatur, one; Marion, one, and Jefferson, one. " The regiment was equipped in Octo- ber, and on the 4th of November ordered to Benton Barracks, Missouri, to be armed, where we arrived on the 6th, i,ioo strong. On the 12th of December, the Second Battalion, under command of Major H. C. Caldwell, was ordered to Jeffer- son City, and remained detached on act- ive duty in North Missouri, until the summer of 1863, when they accompanied General Davidson's expedition to Arkan- sas, and were the first troops to enter Little Rock. On the loth of September of that year the colors of this battalion were the first spread to the breeze over the capi- tol of that I'ebellious State. " On the 4th of February, 1862, the re- maining eight companies of our regiment, under command of Colonel Bussey, were ordered from Benton Barracks to RoUa, Missouri, where we arrived on the 6th inst., with orders from General Halleck to send two companies to garrison Salem, Missouri, twenty-five miles southeast of Rolla. Major Wm. C. Drake, with com- panies I and K, was detachad for this dutv, and left Rolla on the nth instant for Salem. Colonel Bussey reported by tele- gram to Brigadier-General S. R. Curtis, commanding Army of the Southwest, then on the march beyond Lebanon, Mis- souri, to attack General Price's army at Springfield. "On the nth, he received the following ♦* MM :♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦ :♦♦! :♦>: :♦■* ■4m :♦!:♦! :♦:;♦; >::♦; :♦>; »^« »: »yM,. ■m MM :♦>; ♦«♦ ♦»♦ :♦:♦! :♦:♦ 44 :♦>: :♦.♦: :♦;:♦; :<•>>: :♦::♦: MM »«* :♦••• >::♦: :♦;;»; 'MM 'MM ;♦::♦; m:4 MM MM :♦>; :♦£♦; :♦>; ;♦::•" M.' :♦:.■■ ;♦ • ;*.v >■• ;♦::•• >;■■ >:;< ■f^M, MM :♦;;♦• »:;♦ ;♦:>; MM :♦>: M-M ;*h« :♦;:♦ :c< :♦::* :♦::♦ :♦;:♦. M.A ;♦;:<• ;♦:.♦ :♦,:* :♦:;«• 'MM. MM. MM MM ■MTM ■MM. ■MM :♦"* ^* MM :♦♦: ■<■ » '>:-\ THE CIVIL WAR. 721 - ♦ *♦: - ♦: • ♦: ! ♦ »♦; >♦: > ♦' .■ ♦' ' ♦ ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: »♦: > ♦; ■ ♦: •■ ♦ »'♦: » ♦! ♦ ♦: ♦..♦: m. 'in:*: ♦ ♦: i ♦: ♦::♦: ♦'•♦' ♦:■•■ ♦ '♦: ♦ *■ ♦:.♦: •>: »>; :c« ♦•■■♦: ♦.•♦ ♦,:♦. ;♦:;♦; i^ :*>: ♦'♦" ♦ * ■»:.♦; WM !»r«! •>: ♦ ♦: ♦ » « * from General Curtis, dated Marshfield, thirty miles southwest of Lebanon, Febru- ary loth: 'Come on by short route, make forced marches to overtake me." We were detained two days by the commander of the post, who telcafraphed General Hal- Icck to countermand General Curtis' or- der. Receiving no reply we left Rolla at daylight on the morning of the 14th of February. The roads were very muddy, almost impassable for wagons. Before we had traveled two miles, our train of wag- ons and ambulances, containing all our provisions, camp and garrison equipage, etc., was left behind, and was not again seen until the 28th of February, when it arrived at Osage Springs, Arkansas. Having left our train, we pushed forward until 8 o'clock r. M., reaching Wajnesvillc, thirty- five miles from Rolla, where we halted two hours to rest our horses and allow the men to prepare coffee. At 10 o'clock, p. M., we were again in the saddle, and continued the march until 3 o'clock a. m. We crossed the Gasconade, fifty-three miles from Rolla. We could find no forage in this part of the country, and were compelled to suffer our horses to go unfed. "At Lebanon, thirteen miles from the Gasconade, we obtained forage for our horses and rations for our men. On the first day's march, near Waynesville, we lost one man, severel}- wounded — private Pagett, Company A — by the accidental discharge of a revolver in the hands ol his brother. He was sent back to Rolla, where he died some time after. While at Lebanon the weather turned very cold, freezing the roads, which now became so rough that traveling was difficult. A march of one day and night brought us to Springlicid, which place we found evacu- ated, General Curtis having pushed on after the cnemv, who were then rejjortecl near Cassvilie. Company L, of our regi- ment, was detailed to garrison Springfield. We continued the march with the remain- ing five companies, exposed to severe cold and without rations, until the night of the 1 8th, just four (lays' march from Rolla. " We reported to General Curtis, at Sugar Creek, Arkansas, more than 200 miles from Rolla. Companies A, B, C, D and M, were now with General Curtis' army. On the 22d of February we ac- companied an e.xpedition to Fayetteville, Arkansas, and charged through the town, driving out a force of the enemy. The rebels lost one man killed, and forty or fifty captured. We returned to Osage Springs on the 24th, and from that time to the 4th of March we were kept on the move reconnoitering toward the Boston Mountains, where the rebels were concen- trating a large force. On the night of the 5th of March the enemy, 40,000 strong, were reported advancing through Fayette- ville, to attack our army next morning at daylight, at Cross Hollows. The army was ordered back to Sugar Creek, twelve miles distant. " On the morning of the 6th, General Sigel's division was attacked by the enemy at Bentonville before he could get his cam|)s evacuated. We were ordered to re- inforce him, and soon met his wounded coming to the rear. The fight was kept up for several miles, with considerable loss on both sides. The enemy finally aban- doned the pursuit when within a few miles of Sugar Creek. " The 7th of March will ever be remem- bered. At an early hour on that dav we formed a part of a cavalry brigade, commanded by Colonel Bussey, and were ordered to attack the enemy then passing in heavy column to the rear of General Curtis' army. While the other regiment of the brigade was forming in line to sup- port a battery, we were ordered to a■.♦ -^ ♦ :♦> ♦.♦; ;♦'♦ :♦ * '♦♦ '♦..♦ ♦ ♦: .♦.♦' :♦;:« :♦:■«■ ;*::«! :♦::* :♦::♦" >::♦: :♦:♦■ :♦:♦' :♦"♦: '.* '»' .♦ ♦' >'♦: >:.♦: ;♦:♦' :♦":♦: :♦■♦; »: .♦"'♦' ♦:;♦' ♦ ♦' ♦ > > * >♦, >'.♦: »; >..♦: .♦:.* ♦ of ♦ ♦ :♦'♦: ♦ ♦ ■f'M ;♦:.«; :»"♦' •.♦>.;♦:>,.♦!.♦ .♦ ♦.,♦ *.* <■ ■*:*• ;>: ;♦; ;♦•: :♦; >: ;♦; ;♦; ;>; ;t: :♦: :♦; *: ;♦; ::♦; :♦; ::♦: ;♦: :♦: ;:♦; :♦: ;»: .4: >: :♦; ::♦; :♦: ;♦: >: :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: ;«; :♦: :♦: :♦: ;♦: ■Hi :♦: :♦: :•♦; >: :>; ;♦: ;;♦; ;♦: ;♦; ;♦: :♦; :♦; ;♦; :♦: :♦: ::♦: :« i*: '♦: :♦; ;♦; :.*: ;:♦: ;♦: :♦; :♦: :♦: :♦: :♦: :* ;♦: ■* .♦: ■»; ;♦: * :♦: :♦: ►;* *;:♦: <■::*: ►:;♦: K*; ►::♦; ►;>; >;;♦: ►:>; ►]'♦; >:>; ►)!♦; 722 HISTOnr OF DECATUR COUNTT. proceeded more than 200 yards when we found ourselves confronted by a heavy body of infantry, who fired a volley, kill- ing and wounding several of our men. Lieutenant-Colonel Trimble, commanding the regiment, was one of the wounded, and immediately left the field. We were charged by an overwhelming force of rebel cavalry, led by Mcintosh, and sur- rounded, and cut off from retreat. Without commands from anyone our men deter- mined to cut their way through. We were engaged in a hand-to-hand fight with re- volvers and sabres. We charged the enemy who gave way and were driven for half a mile. We soon joined the brig- ade, which had fallen back to a stronger position near Leetown, where the battle continued with great fury until 4 o'clock, P. M., when the enemy were routed and driven from the field, leaving their dead and wounded in our hands. Our loss, out of 235 men engaged, was twenty-five killed, seventeen wounded, and nine miss- ing. " On the 9th, we continued the pursuit. Near Bentonville we came up with the enemy, and drove him through the town, killing one man and capturing a large number. Our horses were worn out, hav- ing been under the saddle for four days without forage. On the 12th Companies D and M were ordered to RoUa, Missouri, to guard prisoners. They performed this march of 300 miles, and were back at Springfield by the ist of April, where they remained until about the 20th, when Company D returned to the regiment with General Curtis' army. Companies L and M were subsequently ordered to Leb- anon, Missouri, under command of Major C. H. Perry, who was assigned to com- mand that post. These companies were kept constantly employed, guarding trains from Rolla to Springfield, and scouting, and during the summer had several skir- mishes with the enemy, in all of which they were victorious. Companies I and K, under Major William C. Drake, arrived at Salem, Missouri. On the 12th of Febru- ary Lieutenant and Adjutant H. D'B. Cutler, with twenty-five men, left the main column a short distance from Rolla, and made a scout to the head of the Merri- mack, fifty miles distant, routed a force of the enemy, captured one Captain, one Lieutenant, and sixteen privates of the rebel army. " About the 20th of February Major Drake, with his command, charged into the lines of the rebel Colonel Coleman, at West Plains, Missouri, killing and wound- ing twenty-five men, and capturing sixty prisoners, a large number of horses and arms. Between the 20th and 28th these companies were scouting the country for rebels, and almost every day had an en- gagement of more or less magnitude. On the 28th, having been joined by a battalion of the Sixth Missouri Cavalry, they at- tacked the enemy under McBride and Coleman, near Salem, Arkansas, to which point they had been driven by our forces, from the border counties of Missouri. After a severe engagement, lasting several hours, the enemy, over 1,000 strong, were defeated. We sustained considerable loss. On the 1st of April, Major Drake, with his command, joined the regiment near For- sythe, Missouri, and was not again de- tached. "General Curtis' army remained in the vicinity, during which time we were con- stantly out on expeditions. Tellville, Hunts- ville, Fayetteville, and the Indian country' were visited, but no considerable force of the enem}' were found. He had been too badly defeated at Pea Ridge to remain in reach of our forces. From the 6th of April to the 1st of Ma)', we were on the march with General Curtis, moving via Cassville, Forsy the, Osage and West Plains, Missouri, :♦'» >.■«• :♦::*. :♦;:*■ ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦•♦: :♦::♦: :♦;'♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦ :♦:>: :♦::*: :♦'<•: >■♦ >::♦ ♦:'»• :♦;:«. *'♦" :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦::*: :♦:*: ;♦::♦: ;♦;* ♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;■♦: :♦;:♦; *:■»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦" :♦:* *:♦; :♦:;*; ♦:♦: :♦;> :♦::♦: :♦:;♦. :♦;;♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: >::♦ :♦:>' :♦::♦. :♦:;♦ ;♦:«: :«•■♦; *:♦: >;v: '<■ ^' > -■ ;♦.:*■: •»:♦: >:♦" ♦"*■" '* t '.*.'■' '>:■*' >■ :♦ >:♦ >::♦: :♦::♦: >::<> ;♦/* :♦::♦ :♦::♦: .♦,♦ :♦.:♦. >!♦: :«:♦■ ;♦':♦: ;♦:'♦: ;♦::♦. :♦:.♦; :♦;'♦; ;♦,;♦: >;:♦: :♦;.♦; ■♦;.♦; ♦'■<•■ ♦ <\ »::« »::«> :♦::♦: »::«: »:>: »"« »::« :♦>: »::« »::« !»"« :♦::«> »>: !k:«! WM .♦:« <»::«': :♦:« :c«] :♦::«! :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »;:« :♦:;♦! :«* :♦::« :♦::« :♦:;♦; :♦:;« ;♦:;«! :♦::«! K»: »>: k-« :♦>: ;♦::« :♦;« :♦>' :♦:;* »: :♦::♦: :♦-■« :c«i :«"« »::♦; :♦!!»: ;**; »:;♦: ;♦>: k*! .*>: ;♦::« j»r«i j»r«! »;;♦; S;* ♦;:♦: !♦::«! :♦:>: *>; !»>: ;♦::« >;« KM ♦>; :»:V. !»:;«' !»;♦: *"♦; 7"//£ CIVIL WAR. 7S8 and Salem, Arkansas, to Batcsville — a dis- tance of nearly 300 miles, over mountains and rivers, and through a country almost destitute of supplies for man or beast. En- tered the town of Batesvillc at daylight on the 1st of May, driving out a small force of the enemy ; remained in line of battle near the town until 2 o'clock, \\ M. We re- ceived orders to march to Jacksonport, and occupy the place, which we did, on the 2d, being the first Federal troops to enter the town. All of General Curtis' army, ex- cept our regiment, remained at Batesville. May 20th the regiment was ordered to Batesville, and on the 25th Company D, under Captain Cook was ordered to Rolla, Missouri, to guard supply trains. Re- turned to Batesville about the 20th of June, without meeting the enemy. " We made several expeditions into the country, but failed to meet the enemy in any considerable force until the 30th of May, when we attacked a rebel force at Sil- lamon, fifty miles above Batesville, on White River. The enemy was defeated with considerable loss. We captured twen- ty-five prisoners, fifty horses, arms and other valuable property. We lost Sergeant S. B. Miller, non-commissioned staff, killed ; Captain J. Anderson, Company C, and pri- vate Joseph French, Company A, severely wounded. On the first of June, we were assigned to the First Division, commanded b)' Brigadier-General Steele, and were or- dered to Sulphur Rock, where we re- mained, scouting and foraging, until the 22d, when we again moved to Jacksonport. General Curtis' army evacuated Batesville on the 25th, and started for Clarendon, on White River. We moved to Village Creek, six miles south of Jacksonport, on the 26th. "On the 27th, Lieutenant A. H. Gri.s- wold, with twenty men of Company K, was detailed to guard a forage train sent out by the division Quartermaster. The detail was made at division headquarters. 40 The wagons were loaded ten miles from camp. All forage having been exhausted in our rear, it was necessary to send to the front, which is hazardous in the enemy's country. The wagons were returning, and had proceeded about two miles, when the escort was fired upon by a rebel force, con- cealed in ambush near the road. The first fire Lieutenant Griswold was shot from his horse, and while his face was covered with blood from a severe wound in his head, he rallied his small force, drove off the ene- my, and saved the train ; but, in doing so, lost his life, seven balls having entered his body. "July 1st the army advanced seventeen miles, and came to a heavy blockade. The timber had been felled in the ro.ids for sev- eral miles, in obedience to orders of rebel General Hindman. We were engaged all da)- of the 2d, with axes, clearing out the roads. On the 3d we reached Augusta, on White River; were out of rations, and the roads blockaded in our front with a large rebel force said to be concentrating near Cotton Plant. On the 4th the army re- mained at Augusta, and we were sent out to procure supplies; encountered a force of the enemy, who hastily retreated, leav- ing some tents and other property. We again moved forward on the 6th ; we were the advance guard; reached Casche River at 10 o'clock, A. M., where we found the roads effectually blockaded, the timber having been felled for some distance above and below the ford. Owing to impassable swamps the river could not be passed at any point except the ford. We were sev- eral miles in advance of the main column of the army, and as we could go no further, we dismounted. Captain Thomas J. Taylor, of Company L with thirteen men of his company, was ordered to advance into the blockade dismounted, and, if possible, find the ford. He had been gone but a few moments, when a force of the enemy came .♦ ♦: ;♦:*; »::«'. !►;♦: »>: ;♦;♦: :♦.:♦: i» ♦; »;;♦: :♦♦: ;♦:♦: *♦: :♦.♦: »: *;♦: :♦::♦: !•:>: (♦::♦: >::*: '♦;:♦; :♦:* ♦::♦: »■■♦: :♦'•; !♦ ♦' :♦ »' *:<•; ;♦'♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:*: »: ;»::♦: '♦:'♦: '♦♦■ :♦*' »; :♦;>: !»:>' ■*.♦; *■♦: :♦:'♦; :♦♦' :♦.♦. *■♦! :♦:•»: :♦:♦; :♦"♦; :♦'*; :♦::♦: :♦;.♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.♦" .♦ ^' «• ♦ ♦ ♦ ;♦>! !♦'.♦: ■»:* *:♦' *♦: '*■ *; ♦ ' ,♦ • :♦;.♦ '♦>■ ■♦;♦•: ♦ V ♦ " 734 HISTORr OF DECATUR COUNTT. >>! >:;«; ;♦:>: :«.♦: ["t. .♦; >■>! »: >:>; >;>. ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >;>: '*;<>; :♦::♦: :♦::»: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦::•♦: ;«;•>: :♦:>; :*.;<• :♦:;«. :♦:;*; :<;♦; :♦':* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦' :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦;«•; :*;:*; :*:•♦: :♦;:♦: :•»:;♦; :*;>: :♦::«; :♦:;*: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; ;♦;>: :♦::♦: :*;;: ;♦:>' ;♦::< :♦:;♦: ;■»;<>: :♦:;*: '♦;;♦: >:;■»: :♦•:♦' ;♦:;«; :♦;-€ >'»; >::»: ;*:* ;*■,>: .«■. '^ >.:♦. >::»: :•*;:«: >::♦; :♦::»: ;♦.;* :»;:*: :♦:;♦; !♦::« '♦•« ■♦;:^ :«•♦; :«::«; :♦:*: :♦:* :♦::♦; <»::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;.♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«•' :♦:♦; >" ■■»; '♦. ♦" . . *«** out of the blockade about one hundred yards to the right of the road, fired a vol- ley at us, and hastily retreated back to the ford, where they encountered Captain Tay- lor, who opened fire upon them, killing and wounding nine rebels and some horses. We got nine guns and equipments, and sustained no loss. " We had no carbines, only navy revol- vers, or not one rebel would have escaped. We set to work to open a road to the ford. On the morning of the 7th, Matthew D. Williams, of Compan}- C, was killed with- in 300 yards of the camp, while watering his horse in Casche River, by a rebel, who crept through the swamp and cane-brake on the opposite side. He was buried by the road-side. A portion of Steele's di- vision had advanced early this morning, and encountered a large force of the ene- my four miles from Casche River. We were ordered forward to re-enforce our troops. The enemy were falling back when we arrived, leaving a large number of dead and wounded in our hands. " We arrived at Clarendon on the 8th, but the gun-boats and troops had been gone several hours, they having left for the Mis- sissippi River at 10 o'clock, A. M. We were now destitute of anything to subsist on, and had been for several days ; the weather was intensely hot, and no water to be had on the route of our march except swamp water. The suffering of the men was very great, but no complaint was made. On the loth of June, Colonel Bussey was assigned to command the Third Brigade, First Di- vision. Major William C. Drake assumed command of the regiment. We left Clar- endon on the nth, and after a tedious march of three days, as rear-guards of the army and trains, arrived at Helena. Dur- ing the summer we were kept on duty, scouting the country from White River to St. Francis, having frequent skirmishes, but met no force of the enemy worth special mention. On the loth of September, we were transferred to the First Brigade, First Division, embracing, in addition to the Third Iowa Cavalry, the Eighth and Eighteenth Indiana Infantry, and First Indiana Battery. On the ist of October, the infantry of this brigade having been ordered to Missouri, we were transferred to the Third Brigade, Fourth Division. " Captain Thomas J. Taylor, of Company I, died on the 24th day of July, on board steamer Silver Moon, while en route home on furlough. He was buried at Cairo. During the months of September, October and November, we continued on active duty, traveled several hundred miles, capt- ured many prisoners, and brought in a large number of horses and other valuable propert3\ On the 20th of September we formed a part of 2,000 cavalry under Colonel Bussey, which formed a part of Hovey's expedition against Arkansas Post. We disembarked at Montgomery's Point, on the Mississippi River, and marched twen- ty-five miles through swamps to reach Prairie Landing, on White River. Night came on before we reached the landing. The night was ver}' dark, and the road was through a continuous swamp in a dense forest. Cypress trees were so thick that our horses could with great difficulty get through ; many of them mired down when within one mile of the river. We could go no further, and were compelled to dis- mount in mud and water. A heavy rain came on, and continued all night without intermission, raising the water in the swamps, until not a foot of ground could be found above the water. The night was very cold, and we were without fires or shelter, and with nothing to eat. We had to stand in water all night. We re- mained here until 12 o'clock next day, waiting for General Hovey's arrival on transports. Owing to low water he could not get up, and we retraced our steps, :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: 'it: ft, '!«:if. :♦:>: >:>: :♦:♦: ;♦;■•• :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦.;♦: m. *;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦;;♦; :♦:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: >:>: :♦::♦: >;>; >;:♦; >::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦.;♦: >.;♦: :♦:;♦; *:♦; :♦:■♦; :♦;;•»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :■•■;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; >;;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«;:♦: >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: 'ft:if. :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■»; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:■»: ;♦:;♦: >;:♦: ;♦::♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;♦: ;♦::♦: >:.♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦:,♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ■♦:♦:;♦: ■ ■♦■»"*::c«5i!:c«*:* -♦■'♦>"♦»■■♦ -■■•"»rc«y**» - :♦..♦! >:>! >::♦! »: :♦:♦' :♦:♦: »: :♦.♦: *.♦: '♦>: >:>; »: ;*:♦: :♦:>: >■>; > >~ :♦>: ;♦ > :♦ ♦- ;♦'.♦; :♦::♦; :♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;♦; *♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;* :♦;:♦: >.>: >>: :♦;:♦: :*:>: :♦;:♦: *^ :♦,♦: *;♦; :*:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>; :♦::♦; ■»::♦: *^ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: ^ :♦:>: :♦::♦; !»::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦♦; :♦::♦: >♦; ;♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦♦; :♦ ♦' * ♦. :♦.:♦; ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦:.♦: :♦.;♦; ;♦.;♦; :♦.:♦: :♦:'♦: ♦:♦: ♦..♦: :♦>: ♦-♦: ■♦'■♦: * «: « ♦ ♦:♦: ♦'♦: • V Tf/£ CIVIL WAR. 72« reaching Montgomery's Point latent night, where \vc got supplies from the boats, hav- ing been without anything iov fort^-eiglit hours. We now expected to cross the Mississippi River and march on Grenada, Mississippi, to make a demonstration against the rear and communications of General Price's army, which was on the Tallahatchie River, confronted by General Grant, but we were ordered back to Helena by Gen- eral Steele, who had arrived in our absence to resume command of the army. On ar- riving at Helena the expedition under Gen- eral Hovey moved at once for Grenada. We crossed the Mississippi Riverat Friar's Point, and pushed out to Cold water, where the infantry remained, while the cavalry advanced to the railroad bridge near Grenada, which was fired and a por- tion of the track torn up. " Near Panola we met a force of the enemy, and after a severe skirmish de- feated him. Company D here lost four men captured. We were again attacked on our return to Cold water, but drove off the enemy and arrived at Helena after an absence of two weeks. We captured a large number of horses, and brought in several hundred able-bodied negroes. " The army was reorganized on the i6th of December, by General Sherman, who had been assigned to the command at Helena. We were now transferred to the Second Cavalry Division, Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Major-General C. C. Wash- burne. Our regiment, with five others, formed the Second Brigade. On the loth of January, 1863, the army under General Gorman embarked for White River for the purpose of capturing Little Rock. We were ordered to go with the army, and were ready to march, but the order was countermanded, Colonel Bussey having been assigned to the command of the dis- .Irict of Eastern Arkansas. " Major William C. Drake died of dis- ease on the 24th of November, after which the regiment was commanded by Major O. H. P. Scott. During the winter we were engaged scouting without meeting any con- siderable force of the enemy, until the 5lh of March, when we routed a rebel force near Madison, Arkansas, capturing a num- ber of prisoners. On the 4th of April Lieutenant Niblack, Company D, with twenty-five men charged into Madison, killed and wounded a number and capt- ured fifty-six prisoners. The remainder of the rebel force, over 100 strong, was driven off. In the charge Lieutenant Niblack was severely wounded. We here captured a large number of horses, arms and other property, which the rebels had left in their retreat. " Major-General Prentiss was now in command of the army at Helena. On the 6th of April Colonel Bussey, who had commanded all the brigades with which we had served, was assigned to the command of the Second Cavalry Division, Army of the Tennessee, relieving Major-General Washburne, who was ordered to Memphis. The rebels in force were now concentrat- ing on White River, and frequently made their appearance in the neighborhood of Helena. When not on scouting duty we were employed underMajor Scott, strength- ening the defenses of Helena and clearing out the timber and other obstructions in range of the forts. On the 21st of April we met the enemy near St. Francis River, and defeated him, killing one man. On the 27th again encountered a rebel force near Big Creek, and ca])lured some prisoners; the enemy were defeated. On the ist of May we encountered an overwhelming force of rebels near La Grange, Arkansas. After a severe engagement, in which we lost three men killed, eight wounded and thirty missing, we fell back until re-en- forced, and again advanced when the enemy had retreated. 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" On the 25th of May Lieutenant McKee, Company B, with fifty men of Com- panies A and B, accompanied Major Walk- er, Fifth Kansas Cavalry, on an expedition, and encountered the enemy in superior force at ' Polk's,' seven miles from Helena. In this engagement our men behaved most gallantly, formed in line of battle in face of heavy fire from a victorious enemy, checked his advance, and maintained their position, until ordered to fall back, which they did. We here lost live men wounded, and ten missing. " We had now been at Helena eleven months. Colonel Bussey had made fre- quent requests to be sent to Vicksburg, then the scene of General Grant's opera- tions, but was unsuccessful until the 4th of June, when we received orders to embark on transports and report to General Grant. We arrived at Snyder's Bluffs on the 8th. Colonel Bussey was appointed Chief of Cavalry by Major-General Sherman, and assumed command of all the cavalry forces. The rebel army under Joe John- ston was concentrating on the line of the ' Big Black.' From the da}' we arrived at Snyder's Bluffs until the surrender of Vicksburg, we were in the saddle night and day, scouting the country along the Big Black to Mechanicsburg, and watching the fords or ferries on that stream ; the weather was excessively hot. "On the 5th we received orders to ac- company General Sherman's army, then moving to attack Joe Johnston ; crossed the Big Black on the 6th, and on the 8th encountered the rebel General Jackson's cavalry division. We were the advance and charged the enemy several times, driv- ing him several miles. We were engaged with the enemy almost every day until the i6th, during which time we traveled 300 miles, visited Calhoun, Batter's Bluffs, Ver- non and other points. On the 17th we were engaged with the enemy at Canton, Mississ- ippi, forming a part of the force under Colonel Busse}', which defeated the enemy and captured that place, destroying much valuable propert}-. " On the 22d we returned to Big Black, where we remained till the loth of August, when we started on an expedition under Colonel Winslow, to Grenada, Mississippi, marched to Yazoo City, where we were detained until our supplies were all con- sumed waiting for supplies to arrive by boat. We marched without obtaining any, and were compelled to live on such as could be obtained in the countr}' ; reached Gren- ada in safety, and pushed on to Cold Water, where we encountered a force of rebels posted in the timber to prevent our cross- ing. We dismounted, and after a severe skirmish drove off the enemy. We lost five men, wounded. Arrived at Memphis on the 22d. On the 26th we embarked on steamer City of Alton for Vicksburg, but at Helena were ordered by General Grant, who was on board the Alton, to dis- embark and report to General Steele, then en rojitc to Little Rock, Arkansas, which was occupied by General Steele September 10. 1863. "We arrived at Little Rock the ist of October, having marched from Helena via Clarendon, and were immediately ordered to Benton, Arkansas, where we joined the six companies of our regiment under Lieu- tenant-Colonel Caldwell, who was com- manding the post of Benton, then an important outpost of the army at Little Rock. The regiment was now all together again after having been separated nearly two years. The duty required of us at Ben- ton was ver}' heavy ; the enemy in force was hovering near us ; forage had to be hauled fifteen to twenty-five miles ; our re*"*:*; ♦.♦; ;♦;>: >;:♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦:>: ;♦:>: :«>; :♦:♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: >;>: >;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: >::♦: >:;♦; >::♦: ;♦;>; »: >:■»; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >;>; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :«•::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >"♦: :♦:;♦; >i* :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦; >:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦:>; :♦::♦: :*:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦::•»: ;■♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦:>; :♦,:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>; »:>: :♦::♦: :«:>: :♦;:♦; !•::«: !»;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: *:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ■*:♦; >"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :<►::♦: :♦::*: :♦;:*: :♦;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :*.♦: :♦::*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :»::♦;.♦; .♦.♦. >.:♦! >♦: >>: >>: :♦:♦; >» i*^ :♦::♦: >!!♦; :*♦: :♦:*" :♦ ♦; ,* ♦' !* ♦. :♦,♦ :♦::♦, ?: ;<■ ♦. X* * ;♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >>; :♦..♦; > >; A ♦' V "> ■* r ;♦>; :♦::«! :♦:;♦; »: :♦:< :♦::«! :♦::♦: :♦:♦! ■< » .* ♦ >♦: :♦.♦: '♦♦: ;•:*' :♦::* >>: :♦:« »::«5 •»::«5 :♦:;«! :♦::«•: :♦;* :♦::* :♦;:«> :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;:«! :«:>: :♦:>; :*::♦: :♦.:♦; >::♦: ;•;:«! ^ :♦;>; :♦;•* <♦;:« w* :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:♦: > ■♦ ;♦.:♦: >::♦: :♦;,♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: :■♦::♦; >:♦: :♦♦: :♦::♦; »::« :♦:>: > •: :♦ ♦ > <- r///; CIVIL WAIi. 727 trains required heavy guards, and we were frequently ordered on scouts, traveling forty to fifty miles per day. On the 26th of October we were ordered to re-enforce Pine Bluffs, reported attacked by the ene- my in force. We marched the same day and arrived at Pine Bluffs next morning. The enemy had been defeated and was then moving toward Arkadelphia. We pur- sued through Princeton to Arkadelphia, surrounded the town, and captured several prisoners, a number of horses, mules, wag- ons and arms. "In November we made an expedition to Pike and Montgomery counties for the purpose of relieving and bringing within our lines a force of two to three hundred Mountain Federals (loyal Arkansians), who had banded together and taken refuge in the moimtains to escape the rebel conscrip- tion. We were entirely successful, and brought out from their hiding-places in the caves and mountains nearly three hundred men and horses, all of whom are now in our army. We also captured a Rebel Major and about twenty-five other officers and soldiers. During the month of Novem- ber Colonel Bussey commanded the cavalry division, and on the ist of December was assigned to the command of the First Brig- ade and post of Benton. On the loth of December we made an expedition to Princeton, where a force of the enemy was encountered, several killed and thirty pris- oners captured. On the 20th of December, having exhausted all the fcjragc in the country, the post of Benton was evacuated, and we moved to Little Rock. "On the 1st of January, 1864, more than six hundred men of the regiment re-enlisted for three years as veteran volunteers, and being the first veteran regiment in this de- partment were relieved from duty and ordered to report to the Governor of Iowa for veteran furlough. \Ve arrived at Keo- kuk about the 29th of January, where we were detained almost within sight of our houses more than two weeks, waiting to be mustered out. This was a harder trial than any we had experienced, so great was our anxiety to meet the loved ones at home. We were furloughed on the 12th of Febru- ary, and on the 12th of March were in rendezvous again at Keokuk. During the thirty days 700 men were enlisted for our regiment. We were immediately ordered to St. Louis to be mounted. New arms and equipments were received from Washington, and horses from the cavalry depot, and on the 15th of April we were again ready for the field, well mounted and much better armed than we ever had been before. " We received orders to report at Mem- phis, Tennessee. Colonel Bussey having been promoted, we left St. Louis under command of Lieutenant-Colonel H. C. Cald- well, who was commissioned Colonel on the 4th of May, 1864. During that month Colonel Caldwell was appointed United States District Judge for Arkansas, and on the 23d inst., Lieutenant-Colonel John W. Noble was commissioned Colonel and re- mained with us as such until we were mustered out. The regiment remained at Memphis until December of the same year, and when not absent on expeditions was constantly engaged on picket and patrol duty. " During the months of June. July and August the regiment accompanied General Sturgis on his expedition to Guntown, Mississippi, and General A. J. Smith to Tupelo, and again to Oxford, Mississippi. In the months of September, October and November the available force of the regi- ment was engaged in the campaign in Missouri against the rebel force under General Price. "Onthc2ist of December the remain- ing portion of the regiment (300 strong) left Memphis, forming part of General > * > * > ♦ !♦.♦ :♦ ♦ :♦.♦. ;♦>: ;♦ ♦: > ♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ » :♦ ♦ > ♦' > ♦ :* •: ;♦♦: > ♦ :♦:♦: ♦ ♦ ' >.A>.*-».«.»-« .- • ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: Wfi fk »::♦: k* »>: Wf- kf. fM :♦::♦: ?•;;♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: .*::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:*■ :♦'.;♦: ;*':♦: :♦:<>: I*:* ;♦;:♦: :«►::♦: >::♦: :«•;>; •»:;*: :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;•»: :♦:;♦: :♦;>; '♦;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:*: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:>: ;■>:;♦; >.*: >!>: ■♦;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;>; :♦:♦; ,*;♦: :♦:>: >:♦; :♦:;♦•: *>: ■♦:.*: ■■» *: 728 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. »! :♦:>: **: ;♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦• :♦::♦: :♦:•»: ■♦;♦' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; ?»::♦: ^'*^ :•♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦ :♦::■»: :♦:♦' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ^; '♦::♦; :♦:>:, . mi Grierson's force with which he made his memorable 'raid' through Mississippi, striking the Mississippi River at Vicks- burg, on the 5th of January, 1865. Em- barking immediately on the steamer E. H. Fairchild, we left the next day for Mem- phis, where we arrived on the nth inst., and received orders to report to Brevet Major-General Upton, at Louisville, Ken- tucky. Official reports of these expeditions will be found on page 949, Adjutant-Gen- eral's Reports of 1864 to 1865. I am safe in estimating the distance marched by this regiment from May, 1864, to January, 1865, at 4,000 miles. At Louisville we received a remount, the Spencer carbine, and such equipments as were necessary to put us in perfect marching and fighting condition. On the 1st of February we formed a part of the First Brigade, Fourth Division, C. C. M. D. M., and were again on transports with orders to report to General Wilson, at Eastport, Mississippi, where we arrived on the I ith. " Here our tactics were changed from the single to the double-rank formation, and we spent some five weeks trying to forget the tactics of which we were masters, and drill- ing in the old of which we knew nothing. On the 1 8th of March we crossed the Ten- nessee River to Chickasaw, Alabama. On the 2ist we started on the expedition under General Wilson, which finally terminated at Macon, Georgia, on the 22d of April, by reason of the cessation of hostilities. The regiment had the gratification of meeting, defeating and routing the rebel General Forrest twice in the open field, and once be- hind his strong work at Selma, Alabama ; I should say helping to do it. At 10 P. M., April 16, six companies were dismounted within 300 yards of the works surrounding Columbus, Georgia, defended by 2,500 Georgia Reserves, commanded by General Howell Cobb, with orders to charge and take them, which we did in a jrallant man- .♦;.♦.,♦..♦..♦:;♦,.♦.**.♦,.♦,*.*.♦;.*■»,;♦..♦>,;♦..♦..♦;.♦;.♦,;♦;,♦:.♦.;♦>;.♦;.♦;.♦..♦;.♦:.♦,;♦; ner, bringing on and ending the last gen- eral engagement of the war. " While we were exultant over our vic- tories, we did not fail to shed a tear for those who had sacrificed their lives to their country, and found a grave in a State made infamous by the horrors of Anderson- ville. We arrived at Macon, Georgia, on April 21, where we received an order an- nouncing the end of the war, and that we were ' henceforth to conduct ourselves as if we were in our own State.' On the 5th of May we started on our march North, arriving at Atlanta, Georgia, on the 9th, where we were engaged in rebuilding rail- roads and performing the duties of soldiers in camp until the 9th of August, when we were mustered out of the United States service, and the same day started for Iowa, arriving at Davenport on the 15th. On the 19th inst. the enlisted men received their final pay and discharges, 700 of them leaving the same evening by river for their homes." In the winter of 1861-2 another infantry company was raised in Decatur County, and it was mustered in as Company A, Seventeenth Infantry. This company went out with John L. Young as Captain ; Jesse B. Garrett as First Lieutenant, and Lorenzo H. Sales as Second Lieutenant. James Stonaker afterward became Captain ; John F Landis, First Lieutenant, and Charles P. Johnson, Second Lieutenant. Johnson was again promoted to Captain. The following history of the regiment up to its re-enlist- ment as a veteran organization was written by the Colonel, Clark R. Wever: " The Seventeenth Regiment of Iowa Volunteer Infantry was organized at Keo- kuk, Iowa, during the months of March and April, 1862, and was mustered into the service at Keokuk on the i6th day ot April, 1862, by Lieutenant Charles J. Ball, Thirteenth United States Infantry. The aggregate strength of the regiment, at date of organization, was 935 men. 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We were quar- tered at Benton Barracks until May 5 ; on which day, having received arms, ac- couterments, camp and garrison equipage, and transportation, we embarked on steamer Continental for Hamburg Land- ing, Tennessee, where we arrived and dis- embarked Mav 7. From this point the regiment joined the army, besieging Cor- inth, Mississippi. On the 28th of May, was engaged in an affair of nearly two hours' duration, developing the strength, position, and intentions of the enemy, with but little loss to the regiment. On the fol- lowing day Corinth was evacuated, and we started in pursuit of the enemy, march- ing to Booneville, Mississippi. We arrived June 6, and remained until the nth inst., when we retraced our steps to Corinth, and went into camp at Clear Creek, three miles from the town. On the 27th of June, left camp on a scout in the direction of Holly Springs, Mississippi, marching as far as Ripley, where orders were received to return ; which we did, arriving at our camp at Clear Creek on the ist of July. " On the 15th of August, we broke camp and marched to Jacinto, the county scat of Tishomingo County. Here we rcinained (making occasional scouts in the direction of Mills Springs, Burnsvillc and luka), un- til the 18th of September, when we marched in the direction of luka, Mississippi, where a large rebel force was known to be in- trenched and fortified ; and on the 19th were engaged in action with General Price, losing in killed and wounded forty-one men. The enemy quietly left the field dur- ing the night, and on the day following we started in pursuit, returning to Jacinto on the evening of the 21st, where we remained encamped until October 2d, at which date we marched to Corinth, and on the 3d and 4th of that month participated in the action aofainst Generals Price and Van Dorn, capturing tlie ccjlors of the Fortieth Mississippi, besides a large number of pris- oners. The loss of the regiment was twenty- five men killed and wounded. Here we commenced the series of bayonet charges which rendered the Seventeenth somewhat famous. "From the 5th until the 13th of October, we were in pursuit of the defeated and re- treating enemy, suffering immeasurably, in common with the entire army, from heat, fatigue, and scarcity of provisions. Wc arrived at Corinth on the 14th, after an ab- sence of nine days, and went into camp, re- maining, however, only long enough to fix up comfortable winter quarters. On the 2d day of November, we took up a line of march in a southerly direction, passing through Grand Junction and encamping at Davis Mills, distant seventy-four miles from Corinth. On the iSth marched to Moscow, Tennessee. While here, the regi- ment had charge of a forage train of 175 wagons, which were loaded in the enemy's lines, and brought safely back to Moscow. On the 30th we resumed our line ot march toward Grenada, crossing the Tallahatchee River and pressing close after the rebels, who retreated day by day, skirmishing con- tinually with the advance. " We passed through Abbeville and Ox- ford to the Yocounpatalfa I-iiver, where we remained doing extraordinarily heavy picket duty until the 21st of December, when wc were ordered to return to Holly Springs, operations in the rear of Vicks- burg having been abandoned in conse- quence of a raid upon Holly Springs and other points on the line, by Van Dorn, cut- ting off supplies and communications. Arrived at Holly Springs on the 24th of De- cember, and went into camp at Lumpkin's Mills, where wc spent Christmas. On the 26th, in company with the division, we * ♦; < ♦ * ♦. ,♦..♦; .♦:«i :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>! ;♦',:♦: :♦::♦: * :♦: :♦..«• .♦:.♦: :♦:•! 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During the trip we were constantly annoyed by bands of guerrillas, who followed in our rear, picking up the poor unfortunates who were unable to ' close up.' They were not, however, lost to the service, for the paroles given them were not recognized. " We arrived at Memphis on the 29th, and on the 31st, having completed the loading of our trains, started back to Holly Springs, but were relieved at CoUierville, Tennessee, and the Seventeenth were as- signed to duty at Bray's Station, guarding the Memphis & Charleston Railroad. There we remained until February 8th, when we marched to Memphis, Tennessee, and on the 2d day of March, embarked on steamer Gladiator for Grand Lake, Louis- iana, (thirty miles above Lake Providence). Arrived on the 6th inst., and on the 8th re- embarked and proceeded up the river to Helena, Arkansas, from which point, on the 22d inst., we started on the never-to- be-forgotton Greenwood expedition, drag- ging the boats through the woods (or what is known as Yazoo Pass) at the rate of three miles per day, until we reached Cold water and Tallahatchie rivers, where we were enabled to proceed quietly on our trip with the exception of an occasional volley from the guerrillas on the banks, and running against a snag, which fortu- nately did no further injury than to spoil about fifteen days' supply of tack and other perishable materials, and scare the bo3's a little. We effected a landing im- mediately after the accident— had the stores taken off, the leak stopped, and the hole pumped; the boys in the meantime amusing themselves in the interesting study of natural history at the neighboring barn-yards and pig-pens. A few hunted larger game, made reconnoissance through the woods, housed three guerrilla gentle- men in a cave stored with bacon, etc., and brought them to the boats, where their cases were cared for. We arrived at Fort Pemberton (the junction of the Tallahatchie and Yallabusha) on the 6th, and ex- pected to engage the enemy in a day or two ; but on the 7th we were ordered back by General Grant to Helena, where we ar- rived on the nth inst. Of the entire fleet not one of the vessels could boast a full set of chimneys or escape pipes, wheels or guards; but on the contrary, all looked as though they had passed through a heavy hurricane in a dense forest. "On the 17th of April we again em- barked on transports for below, landing at Milliken's Bend, from which point we marched to Richmond, La., where we re- mained several days, repairing roads, clearing Bayou Mason for navigation, picketing the roads, etc. On the 26th took up the line of march for Grand Gulf — arrived on opposite shore on May ist, and were immediately crossed over in gun- boats and pushed with all haste to the front. Arriving at Port Gibson just after the close of the action of the day, we pur- sued the enemy across Bayou Pierre, and were sent forward as skirmishers. The pursuit was continued until we reached Big Black River, where the rebels crossed and destroyed the bridge. We remained here several days awaiting supplies (which did not arrive) and on the loth marched to Utica, and thence to Raymond. On the 1 2th, before reaching Raymond, heavy cannonading and musketry were heard in that direction, and it^ became known that General Logan's division was engaged with the rebel army. We therefore pushed forward as speedily as possible, and by i o'clock arrived upon the field, and were immediately placed in position supporting the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, which was posted on a hill commanding the plain up- on which the rebel force was marshaled. :♦::♦; >:>: !»::♦: :♦':♦: m >::♦: :♦::♦: >■;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >:>; >!>: >:>: m^ :«::♦! >::♦: :♦.;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :■»:>: :♦:;♦; »;♦; >:* ;•»:;♦: :♦:>; ;♦]>; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :■♦;;♦; :♦";♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :«::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :-»:>: >:;♦: *>; :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; >:■♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: !»::♦: »::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: !♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦.;♦: :♦::♦; »::'»: <•:;♦: :♦::♦: !♦;:♦: <♦:•♦; ;♦:■♦: ;♦:;♦: !♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; »;»: :■»::♦: :♦"♦: <«;♦: :*':« :♦:,♦: ;♦.:♦: ;♦::♦:;♦;;♦; THE CIVIL WAR. 781 > ♦ ♦ * ».♦: ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦: > ♦; ♦ ♦: ♦» .♦,:♦: *;♦; ♦«! ♦ ♦, ♦ :♦: <• * • » ♦ ^ » ♦ ♦ .♦. ♦ .♦; ♦ .♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦, ♦. ♦ .♦! ♦ ♦; ♦.» ♦ ♦: .♦;♦; ♦ ,♦; » ♦: « * ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦i .♦:♦; ♦ >: ,•:♦ » ♦ >:♦: ♦:♦; ♦::♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦.♦; ♦:«! ,♦:♦; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ * ♦;♦; .♦>; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦. ♦ ,♦ ♦ ,♦! ♦ :♦. ♦ .♦: .♦ .♦. ♦ .♦. ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦; ♦ >: ♦ :♦: ♦ ♦; » ♦; ♦ :♦: » ♦. 'f ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦.:♦! ♦ :♦; ♦ ♦; ♦ ♦. » ♦ .♦::♦: ♦ ♦. * 4- The fight raged furiously for perhaps fif- teen minutes after our arrival. The enemy was defeated and retreated in the wildest disorder, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. We followed until dark and encamped on the Edward's Station road, a short distance from Raymond. "On the 13th we marched to Clinton, and went into camp within three-quarters of a mile of the Confederate advance. On the 14th of May marched in the direction of Jackson, Mississippi (the capital of the State and the home of Jeff. Davis), our brigade in the advance. We had not pro- ceeded more than two miles before we encountered the rebel skirmishers, who slowly and reluctuantly retired until within three miles of the city, at which point their lines were stretched in battle array. The brigade was immediately deployed (the Sev- enteenth on the extreme left) and advanced steadily, tearing down fences, etc., until within a short distance of the rebel bat- teries, which opened on us in a manner that clearly showed their intention to con- tend vigorousl)' for the city before yield- ing it to the hated Yankees. The da}' was a most favorable one for battle, for the boys were fatigued, their strength almost exhausted, their haversacks entirely empty, the rain coming down in torrents, and life seemed to have no charms and death no terrors. One of our batteries was soon in position, and replied to theirs. Cannon answered cannon. The light, desultory skirmishing gave way before the fierce rattling volleys of the opposing forces, and for awhile nothing could be heard but the bursting of shell, the report of musketry and the whizzing of bullets. Presently we were ordered to fix bayonet and charge the enemy, which we did at a double quick, shouting defiance (as Iowa boys know how to shout), at the rebels, who fled before us in confusion through the city. When within a few hundred yards of the fortification a halt was ordered, and Captain David A. Craig, with his Com- pany (H) was sent forward to skirmish. Finding no enemy in our front he en- tered the fortification and took possession j of four pieces of artillery, mounted in front of the street on which we entered. We went into action with three hun- dred and seventeen men, and lost eighty men killed and wounded, or about 25 per cent, of the number engaged. The left wing suffered the principal part of the loss, in consequence of having no sup- port, and being exposed to an enfilading fire from a regiment of South Carolina sharp-shooters to our front and left. "On the day following we marched in the direction of Vicksburg, leaving our wounded in care of Assistant-Surgeon C. C. Biser, who was afterward captured and sent to Richmond, V^irginia, with the wounded that were able to be moved. At Clinton we were detached from the corps, and ordered to remain to do picket and personal guard duty for General Grant, who had established his head-quarters there. Tired, sore-footed and war-worn, we lay down at night congratulating our- selves upon our good fortune in being al- lowed a short respite, while the rest of the army were still "marching on;" but scarce- ly had our reveille been sounded on the day following (May 16) when the angry booming of a hundred cannon told but too plainly that there was more work to be done. General Grant ordered us to move with the least possible delay. We were immediately in the road, and marching in quick time for the theater of operations. The dust and heat were almost insulTerabie, and the road in places literally blockaded with teams. "When within three miles of Champion Hills, very discouraging reports were sent to the rear. Everybody concurred in the opinion that the rebels had a very decided ;♦♦, ♦ ♦ 55 »: :♦:♦: ;♦>. 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Early in the after- noon the fort was blown up, and the breach held by troops from General Lo- gan's division, until II o'clock at night, when we were placed in the broken para- pet, which we held until 2 o'clock, A. M., of the 27th, with musketry alone, while the rebels were continually hurling hand-gre- nades (six and ten pounder shells) in our midst. Here we lost thirty-seven men killed and wounded ; the killed were so charred and mutilated that their friends could scarcely identif)' them, and the wounds were terrible, very many after- ward proving fatal. On the 4th of July we entered the city, went into camp, and remained until September 9, at which date our division was ordered to Little Rock, Arkansas, to reinforce General Steele ; up- on arriving at Helena, Arkansas, informa- tion was received of the occupation of Little Rock by the Federal army : we were not therefore needed in that quarter, so we remained in camp at Helena, awaiting orders to return to our army corps (Seven- teenth) at Vicksburg, but on the 29th we received orders to proceed to Memphis, Tennessee, and there await the arrival of Sherman's (Fifteenth) corps, who were "fitting up " an expedition to Chattanooga, Tennessee, to reinforce the Army of the Cumberland. We were attached to the Fifteenth Army Corps, and duly elected for another campaign. On the tenth of Oc- tober we left Memphis and proceeded to Glendale, Mississippi, on the 17th inst. and marched for Chattanooga via luka, Flo- rence, Winchester, Fayetteville, Dechard, and Bridgeport; making the trip in thirty- two days, and arriving at Chattanooga November 19th. On the 23d inst. the bat- tle of Chattanooga opened on the right and right center, and on the 24th at 2 o'clock, A. M., we crossed the Tennessee River on pontoon boats. This was one of the grand- est and most sublime spectacles ever wit- nessed in America. "There, on the banks of the Tennessee, at midnight, stood 20,000 soldiers, brcath- lesslv awaiting the signal to embark (which was to be given when the enemy's pickets were captured); just below us, moored to the shore, were hundreds of little boats, manned and in readiness, and on the opposite shore, apparently but a few hundred yards distant, were the frown- ing, rugged heights of Mission Ridge. Presently the signal was given, and with noiseless steps the troops groped their w.iy down the precipitous banks, filled the little boats, and launched out in their seemingly perilous voyage. Many a pulse beat fast as the soldiers contemplated the probability of yielding up their bodies as food lor the fish, for we were mo- mentarily expecting to hear the cannon on Mission Ridge belch forth their deadly con- tents, crashing through the little fleet, and hurling hundreds of our brave boys to the bottom of the river. But thanks to a kind Providence, a dark night, the capture of the pickets and the carelessness of our en- emy, we crossed safely over, the pontoons were speedily converted into a bridge, and before davlight we had quite a formidable line of intrenchments, extending from Chickamauga Creek, one and a half miles in the direction of Chattanooga. (I am aware that details of army operations are hardly admissible in the history of a regi- ment, but I could not forbear making this little digression.) The regiment was form- ed in column of division, and marched to the crest of Mission Ridge without casual- ty. At sunset of the 24th, we were sent to a point convenient for reinforcing either flank of the corps which might need assist- ance. The morning of the 25th of Novem- ber was ushered in with heavy cannonading and musketry on our right, upon Lookout Mountain, .\fter maneuvering, marching,. ♦"5 %i ;♦;♦! 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When within a few hundred yards of the base of the ridge a battery on our right opened on us in good earnest, throwmg every variety of ugly missiles in our midst, over and around us. We, however, quickened our pace a little, and reached the ridge in safety (with the exception of a few concussions from the ex- plosion of shells). The regiment was im- mediately sent forward with the Eightieth Ohio, to within sixty yards of the third brigade, then near the crest. Very soon General Matthies sent his adjutant to Colonel Weverto inform him that their am- munition was very nearly expended, in consequence of which they were forced to retire soon after. We pushed on up the hill to within a few rods of the rebel breast- works. Our situation was indeed perilous in the extreme; but two regiments, num- bering scarcely 500 men in all, reeking with perspiration, and worn out in the task of scaling the ridge, stood there within a few rods of the rebel lines, confronting an en- tire division, protected by their works. We contended with them for a short time, and until a Texan brigade of Cliburne's di- vision passed through the tunnel and swung around in our rear; being thus nearly surrounded it would have been to- tal annihilation or capture to hold out longer ; so we retired in considerable haste to the base, and reformed, In this action we lost fifty-nine men, killed, wounded and missing. On the 26th, we joined in the pur- suit, marching as far as Grey ville, Georgia, from which point we returned to Chatta- nooga, arriving on the evening of the 29th. On the second day of December we marched to Bridgeport, Alabama, where we remained in camp until the 22d, in a spot between the Tennessee River and a little ba3'ou, where gills, webbed feet and other aquatic paraphernalia would have added very materially to the comfort of the boys. On the 22d we again " packed up " and marched via Stevenson, Belle- fonte, Scottsboro and Larkinsville, to Huntsville, Alabama. While here we were engaged in guarding large forage trains, which were collecting grain, etc., for ship- ment to the rest of the army corps, and to the Army of the Cumberland, and making an occasional scout in the direction of De- catur, Alabama, and Whitesburg, on the Tennessee River. " The regiment re-enlisted as veterans, having barely a sufficient number eligible on the 1st of April to constitute it a veteran organization. The Seventeenth did provost duty at Huntsville, Alabama, until Sher- man's campaign before Atlanta began, in which it was summoned to take part. It was with Sherman through Georgia and the Carolinas, until the close of the war, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ken- tucky, July 25, 1865." In August, 1862, another large body of volunteers from Decatur County became a part of Company K, Thirty-ninth Infantry. Milligan J. Cain, from Decatur County, was made First Lieutenant, and Carring- ton S. Porter, Second Lieutenant. The following history of the Thirty- ninth was written by Colonel H. J. B. Cummings, of the regiment: " The several companies composing the Thirty-ninth Regiment of Iowa Infantry Volunteers, were from the following coun- ties : two from Madison, two from Dallas, two from Polk, one from Greene, one from Clarke, one from Decatur and one from Des Moines. These companies were as- ;♦;:+; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;■*•:;♦: ;<•:;♦: :♦::*: :♦;:♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: !♦::■<>: !♦::♦: :♦::«-■ »::•* ;♦;:>: >;:•«■; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::* !♦:'♦; »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: !♦;.*: »:>: :♦::♦: !♦:•»: !♦::♦: sc* :♦::♦•: :♦::♦: !•:;♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«•; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: E»;;*: !♦,:♦: W- !*::♦: :♦::♦; *;:♦: :♦::♦: !♦"* :*:x-' >;•■ ;♦:• :♦: :♦ ■. ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: (»::«; !»:.*: :♦::♦: :♦'.♦: ;♦:*' >■■' :«;;•■ ;*;« :♦::'■■ !»::♦ ;♦;;'- *:.•■■■ :♦::'• 'f>. . g^ !♦;> !•:;<: !»::•: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; W- 1^? !♦:> f»>: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: !»;:♦: !»;:♦: !»:;♦; !♦::♦: :♦:♦; :♦:>: :♦:■•>: 'It:* 'if.'ff:: :♦;:♦;.' MM :♦> 'MM »:m 'MX 'M'M 'Mi :♦::«! MM 'MM. MrM MM. ■MM, MM. ■mtm. 'MTM ■M'M\ 'm:m :♦:*' ■MM :*::♦: MM MM »:;« ■MM MM ■MM ■MM ■MM ■MM MM MM MM 'MM :♦::« ;*;:♦: MM 'MM 'MM ■MM ■MM 'MM MM MM ■MM 'MM MM 'MM .♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: MM M.M MM ■MM ■MM MM 'MM WM 'MM 'M'M. THE CIVIL WAR. 785 signed to the regiment, and its Colonel commissioned September 12, 1862; and he was directed to order the companies to rendezvous at Des Moines, and assumed command at once. " The first company reported at Des Moines on the 20th day of September, and within a week all were in camp except the company from Des Moines County, which did not join the other companies until the removal of the regiment from Des Moines to Davenport. The whole energies of the officers, while remaining at Camp Burn- side (near Des Moines), were devoted to instructing the men in drill and other duties of soldiers. On the 26th day of October, pursuant to an order from the Gov- ernor and Commander-in-Chief, the regi- ment moved to Camp Herron, Davenport. Here the men were speedily uniformed, and on the 4th of November armed with Enfield rifled muskets, it requiring 773 muskets for that purpose. The regiment was mustered into the United States serv- ice by Captain H. B. Hendershott, Second Artillery, November 24, 1862. The delay in mustering was caused by two or three companies not having the minimum number of men, and when mustered it was upon a special order of the War Depart- ment to accept the regiment as it was. Captain Hendershott mustered in an ag- gregate of 802 officers and men. A mini- mum regiment consists of 842 rank and file. " While at Davenport (counting a few cases at Des Moines) the regiment had nearly 300 cases of measles, and the usual proportion of other camp diseases. Many of the men were only convalescent when the regiment was ordered from Davenport to the front, and forty-one men were imable to mf)vc with the command, and were lelt behind in hospital. On the 13th day of December the command left Davenport by rail, with orders to report to Brigadier- General Tuttlc, commanding at Cairo, ar- riving there the 14th inst. We lay at Cairo two days awaiting orders, and during this whole time received a disagreeable taste of a Cairo rain and sleet. The men were then transferred to a steamboat, but were so crowded (over 700 being on board) that very many experienced for the first time the exposure they soon learned to endure. From the effect of that exposure we were for the next six months dropping men from our rolls under the head of died or dis- charged. "On the i6th instant we dropped down the river with orders to debark and report to Brigadier-General Davies, at Columbus, Kentucky. It was dusk upon arriving, and very muddy and rainy. The com- manding officer reported as ordered, and was directed to hunt some place to camp all night. No staff officer was directed to select a camp site, or aid in so doing, and much time was spent and wading done be- fore a half-way dry piece ol ground could be found. Those miserable apologies, known as shelter-tents, then for the first time were raised, and on the cold and wet ground the Thirty-ninth made its bed. On the 1 8th inst. the regiment took cars for Corinth, Mississippi, with orders to report to Brigadier-General G. M. Dodge. This day the rebel General Forrest first ap- proached the railroad near Jackson, Tennessee, and upon the arrival of the regiment at that place about dark, the command was ordered to debark by Brig- adier-General Sullivan, commanding the district of Trenton. Forrest cut the road that evening a few miles north of Trenton, about half an hour alter the train convev- ing the Thirty-ninth passed over, cutting off the train following it. The regiment was kept lying behind earth-works at Jack- son for four days, a momentary attack being expected by the commanding Gen- eral. Here the men suffered much from .♦> ■♦V ♦ ♦ ♦ • :♦;♦ ;»:♦; < ♦ » ♦ »;;« *>: »:>■ :•>:'«■: :♦>: •t. v, :•♦>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: *:■♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:«: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :•»::♦; :♦;;*; :♦;;♦; >::o: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::•: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :•«•:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: *;:♦: »::♦: *"*: :♦"♦" :♦::♦. :♦::♦; :♦"<; :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:.*; :•»::♦: ■♦•■♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: w.v •»::♦: *.■»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::■»; :♦::«■ :♦::«•; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦':«■: :♦;,*: ■♦■:*: *;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::*: :♦:>: >;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;*::♦: :♦:'♦; :«)[♦; :•»;*; :♦:>' :♦:* >!''^! >':«:»>:»::4>>:'^c«:*:>"'«::>"»:;«i»>::4':>"<»:>:^^ 736 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. short rations, and were unable to cook what they had. It finally became apparent that the move on Jackson was but a feint to hold troops there while Forrest cut the road north of the town. On the 22d inst. the regiment, with two others, was sent up the road to drive off the enemy and repair the road. We arrived at Trenton on the 26th, having been much e.xposed to rain, and deprived almost entirely of sleep on the road and at Humboldt. Forrest was known to be at Huntingdon, some thirty miles east. Other troops were ordered to Trenton, and two brigades were organized, the Thirty-ninth Iowa, One Hundred and Twenty-second Illinois, and Fiftieth Indiana comprising the second brigade. " We were ordered to march at dark of the 27th, each man to carry five days' rations and 100 rounds of ammuni- tion ; not a team or ambulance with the regiment. This was the first march of the regiment. Just from Iowa, many but a couple of weeks out of hospital, all worn out by short rations and loss of sleep, and over-burdened by carrying rations and ammunition, those who have been in the service will appreciate the condition c^f the men. We marched all night, going in camp at nearly daylight. At 8 o'clock we were ordered to again resume the march. We marched all day. The next morning many of the men were completely worn out, others were too foot-sore to proceed, and we were compelled to leave over 100 men. During the day they attempted to make their wa}' back to Trenton, but at Shady Grove were surrounded by a regi- ment of Forrest's cavalry, and loi were made prisoners. (They did not rejoin the regiment until in October, 1863.) " That night we arrived at Huntingdon. The ne.xt day we commenced moving south toward Lexington. Both brigades were at Huntingdon. The Second Bri- gade moved out alone. December 31, 1862, at Red Mound or Parker's Cross-Roads, ten miles south of Lexington, the Second Bri- gade, consisting of the three regiments named, a section of artillery, and a com- pany of cavalr}^ came in contact with For- rest's whole command, numbering between 6,000 and 7,000 men, and eleven pieces of artilier}'. The Second Brigade had 1,545 men and two pieces. We fought from nine in the morning until three in the af- ternoon under great disadvantages of num- bers, artillery and position. At 3 o'clock the First Brigade made its appearance, and Forrest fled precipitately, leaving in our hands some 300 prisoners, 400 horses, seven cannon and a large number of small arms. The loss of the Thirty-ninth was three killed, thirty-three wounded and eleven prisoners. "January i, 1863, we took up the line of march for Jackson, arriving there the evening of the 2d. On the 6th we took cars with orders to report to Brigadier- General Dodge at Corinth, according to the orders we received at Columbus. At 7 P. M. we arrived, and were b}^ General Dodge assigned to the Third Brigade (Colonel M. M. Banes), Second Division (Brigadier-General Dodge's), Sixteenth Army Corps (Major-General Hurlburt), of which we are yet a part. We remained at Corinth until the 2d of November, 1863, doing usual garrison dut}'. The regiment made several marches guarding trains that took up two or three days at a time, and once moved to Lagrange, Tennessee, to ward off a threatened attack on the rail- road. The raid into Alabama to cover Colonel Streight's movements was made during this time, and will be more fully mentioned. At Corinth we laid out a reg- ular camp and erected excellent log bar- racks for officers and men, some eighty in number, admitted b}' all to be the best quarters in the division. 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S5 $; ;« * T//E CIVIL WMi. 787 of April, 1863, General Dodge's division , moved out, as before staled, to cover the raid of Colonel Sleight into Georgia. We marched by easy inarches to Bear Creek, where our ad vance encountered the enemy, ' who disputed our passage. A pontoon was, however, soon thrown over the creek, and we moved on to Tuscumbia, skirmish- ing almost every mile until wc arrived at Town Creek, Alabama. " The enemy, who were under General Roddy, were re-inforced by General For- rest, and the united forces seriously en- deavored to prevent our crossing. The whole forenoon was occupied in artillery duels. We had four fine batteries, and the whole, together with the movements of the troops being within observation, gave us a lively and pleasant day. After noon we built three bridges over the creek under their fire, when we advanced our whole force.and the enemy prudently retired. Col- onel Steight had started in a southwesterly direction around them the night before, and our object having been accomplished, we marched back unmolested. General Forrest having turned in pursuit of Colonel Streight. We arrived at Corinth May 2. " May 6, Company II, which was on duty guarding a corral a few miles from Corinth, was surrounded by 800 rebel cavalry, and the Captain and most of his company made prisoners. November 2, 1863, the regi- ment, together with the entire command of Brigadier-General Dodge, left Corinth, en route for Pulaski, Giles County, Tennessee, a distance of 125 miles. The march occu- pied ten davs, including four days' delay at luka. Nothing worthy of mention oc- curred on the trip. The weather was fine, the daily marches short, and the regiment seemed delighted, as on some holiday excursion. We reached I'ulaski, on the Nashville & Decatur Railroad, on the i ith. On the 1 2th a portion of the force was sent south on the railroad, and a portion went north. General Dodge's headquarters being fixed at Pulaski. Our brigade went north, and the regiment was stationed on the rail- road at Reynolds' Station, Giles County, seven miles north of Pulaski. Five com- panies were stationed at regimental head- quarters, at Reynolds' Station above mentioned. Three companies were posted at two grist-mills, grinding flour and meal for the command, and two companies were stationed at railroad bridges, guarding them. All the companies erected comfort- able log barracks, and the detached com- panies good stockades. January 21, 1864, regimental headquarters was moved to Culleoka, twenty miles farther north, with six companies. The companies detached at the mills were relieved, and two of thera stationed at railroad bridges, thus giving the regiment twenty-five miles of railroad and country to hold and maintain quiet. January 26 the enemy made an attack on Athens, Alabama, and fearing another raid on the road, the regiment was ordered to immediately throw up strong earth-works or stockades. Work was immediately commenced, and the citizens, white and black, in the town and vicinity, were or- dered to assist. We thus secured the help of about 1 50 men. A ver^- strong stock- ade was erected, i6o.\ 140 feet. A deep ditch was dug all around it, with embank- ments thrown up to the port-holes. Two cannon were mounted ; rifle-pits were also made in the direction from which an attack would most likely come. The work cost a great deal of labor, and when completed, was as good and strong a work as could be found on the road. March 12 the regi- ment, with the brigade, took up the line of march for Athens, Alabama, arriving the 15th. This was one of the most pleasant marches the regiment ever had. "At Athens camp was again regularlj* es- tablished, and log barracks, much superior to any we ever had, quickly erected. 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The regiment was mus- tered out at Washington, District of Co- lumbia, June 5, 1865." In August, 1862, and in the succeeding fall, two companies were raised for the Thirty-fourth Infantry, becoming Com- panies A and I, respectively. The former went out with Eli H. Alexander as Cap- tam, Jonathan R. Waters as First Lieuten- ant and Rowland T. Sloan as Second Lieutenant. Company I went out with John Ward as Captain and Almon S. Gardner as First Lieutenant. The follow- ing histor}' of the Thirt3^-fourth was writ- ten by its Colonel, G. W. Clark : " The companies composing the regi- ment were raised in the month of August, 1862, and in the following named counties: Four in Warren, three in Lucas, two in Decatur and one in Wayne. The last com- pany arrived at the camp of rendezvous, at Burlington, on the 17th of September, 1862. I arrived there the same day, and finding all the companies present that had been designated to form the Thirty -fourth Iowa Infantry Volunteers, I immediate!}- assumed command in obedience to orders from his Excellency, Governor S. J. Kirk- wood. I at once commenced preparations to have the regiment mustered into the United States service. For the want of a mustering officer, however, I did not get the regiment mustered in until the 15th day of October, 1862. Requisitions were immediately made out for arms, accouter- ments, clothing, camp and garrison equi- page, and a full supply of all these articles was procured at Davenport, within a very few days after we were mustered in. Dur- ing the remainder of our stay at Camp Lauman (this was the designation of ren- dezvous) the time was industriously occupied in drilling. " While at Burlington the regiment suf- fered terribly with the measles. The com- panies had hardly arrived in camp before this most implacable enemy to soldiers broke out among them. During the two months we were at Camp Lauman, there were 600 cases of measles in my regi- ment ; but owing to the skillfull manage- ment of Surgeon Davis, than whom in my opinion there is no better physician in the State of Iowa, there were very few deaths. I cannot refrain fr(jm mentioning in the highest praise the kindness and disinter- estedness of the citizens of Burlington in administering to the wants and alleviating the sufferings of the regiment while we were there. The ladies of that place can- not be excelled in their devotion to the soldiers. The weather became very cold before we left Burlington, and the regi- ment was soon encumbered with a great many cases of pneumonia, as a sequel to the measles, man}- of them resulting fatally. "On the 22d of November, 1862, the regiment embarked for Helena, Arkansas, via St. Louis. While en route to Helena there was much suffering among the men for want of sufficient room and accommo- dations on the transports. Arrived at Helena on the 5th of December, 1862, and reported to Brigadier-General Steele, com- manding District of East Arkansas. Re- mained at Helena until the 21st of December. While there the small-pox broke out in the regiment. Notwithstand- ing this alarming development, we were taken by General Steele in his division, with which he subsequently joined Major- General Sherman's expedition against Vicksburg. After we joined Sherman, our division was called the Fourth Division, Thirteenth Army Corps. My regiment was assigned to the third brigade of this division, commanded by Brigadier-Gen- :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦;;♦; >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; ■*:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :•♦.;♦■ ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦: ;♦:♦; :♦::«■: :♦'*: :*>: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :■>:*: '**!•<•. *>: >:«•: :♦;*; :♦::♦: ■♦;■♦: ;♦"♦; ■«•:♦: :•:•: ♦:♦: :♦;:♦■: *:♦: :♦:'♦: :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :•♦'■♦: v>: :*:*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦•: :♦:;♦: .*:♦: >::♦: :♦•:♦: :♦::♦• :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:.*: ♦::♦: :♦"♦: :<■♦; ;«•::♦: >;>: •♦::*: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :♦:>: •»;:♦: :♦::♦: >■:♦: :♦* :♦.:♦; :♦'!«• >:♦. :♦::♦: :♦::*: •♦1*1 >:* :♦::♦; :♦::♦; •♦:.♦: »: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: •♦::♦: >:♦: >::♦: >:»: ;♦;;♦: !»;:♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦>) :♦:;♦; ;♦:,♦: >:*^ >■-♦: ;♦!♦: .♦">: TtlE CJVIL w.\i;. 780 .♦,.♦ » ;♦::♦; *>■ :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: >;;♦; >;* ;♦:;♦ >:>: ;** ♦:* ;♦!:♦: >:>: >:>: :«:>: :«;:«': •Mi :•::♦: >:>: »::♦: »: :♦;;♦: >:>: :*.;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; *:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :c* :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :•:>: >::♦) »: :♦"♦: >::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: 'IK*. :♦::♦. :«:♦: ;♦::♦. »>; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ».:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦. :♦;:«': :♦::♦. :♦::♦. :♦::♦. :♦::«. :♦::*: :♦>. :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::*: »::« :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«>: :♦>: :♦"«' 3»* oral J. M. Thayer, ami was witli it in all its operations on the 27th, 28lh and 29th of December at Chickasaw Bayou and the Bluffs of the same name. '•The hardships and disasters o( Sher- man's repulses at Chickasaw Bluffs can never be comprehended by any except the brave and hardy men who were there and survived them. The humiliation and mis- ery consequent on a useless and senseless slaughter, were greatly aggravated by the inclemency of the weather. When these unfortunate operations on the Yazoo were ended, we moved out of the loathsome and poisonous stream, and our fleet was next halted at the mouth of White River, Ar- kansas. In the meantime Major-General McClernand had arrived and taken com- mand of the army. It was here that Gen- eral McClernand organized his expedition against Arkansas Post. " McCIernand's fleet reached the neigh- borhood of Arkansas Post on the evening of January 9, 1863. By this time cases of small-pox had become quite numerous in the regiment, and with the various other diseases produced by being cooped almost a month on a dilapidated old transport, my effective force was greatly reduced. In the active operations of the loth and 1 ith, resulting in the capture of the garrison, my regiment bore a meritorious part. "After the battle the Thirty-fourth Iowa was detailed as a guard for the pris- oners, and again embarked on transports. The lont» confinement wc had already en- dured on a cr(jwded boat had almost de- stroyed the health of the regiment. I was ordered to take my regiment and five com- panies of another, and guard the prisoners, 5,000 in number, to Chicago. For this pur- pose 1 was furnished three of the poorest boats in the fleet. If we had been previ- ously crowded, wc were now literally packed and jammed. An aggregate of 6,500 miH on three boats I It was mid- ■ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ '♦♦♦•♦■ winter, and the weather excessively cold. The cases of small-pox had multiplied in the regiment, and before we reached St. Louis this disease broke out among the prisoners. The unserviceable condition of our boats, and the fact that we had to col- lect fuel as we could find it along the river, rendered our trip slow and tctlious. We were two weeks going from Arkansas Post to St. Louis. The human suffering during this trip exceeded anything 1 have ever witnessed in the same length of time. " After leaving all the cases of small-pox and the men sick with other diseases at St. Louis, I proceeded to Chicago with the prisoners. Left them at Camp Douglas, and returned to Benton Barracks, where I arrived on the 5th of February, 1863. My regiment was totally broken down. The officers and men were nearly all sick. The hardships and privations of the preceding two months were beyond human endur- ance. I have now been in the service three years and a half, and I have never seen anything so ruinous and demoralizing as the two months" campaign made by my regiment just preceding its arrival at Ben- ton Barracks. When we arrived there we were the most sickly, depressed and mel- ancholy set of soldiers I ever saw. During the following month, the mortality in the regiment was frightful. We remained at Benton Barracks until the 20th of April. While there the deaths and discharges greatly reduced the aggregate of my regi- ment. I am not able to say how many were discharged from the regiment while wc were at Benton Barracks. I can say, however, of my own personal knowledge, that at least one half of them were im- properly discharged. I judge from their speedy recovery and healthful condition afterward. " As the health of the men gradually im- proved, they were put on duty. About the 1st of April they were sent to City ♦ ♦ « * ♦ * .♦> ,♦:♦ .♦:• ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ,♦♦ ♦ .♦ '^ :♦::♦ ;♦.♦ :♦,♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ • « ♦ ;«;♦; :♦':♦: :*:« »>: >::« :♦>: ;♦.:♦; :♦>' :♦>: :•>; :♦;»: :♦:>: :♦>: »>: «:♦: :c« :♦:»: :«:♦: ;♦:;« :»::'»: >:;«. >;:♦: >::« Ml*. :«::'»: :♦'♦; :«:>: :♦:>: :♦>: «♦♦♦ ♦^^ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦' :*:»: :♦:>: :♦,* ;*>. ».:♦: »: ;♦::*. :«:». »::«: :*;.« :♦>: »:»: ;♦>. :♦>: :c« :♦>: :♦>■ :c* %:« ;♦>: «♦: »:.« :♦::♦: :♦:♦: ♦ ♦: * ♦ ■• ♦ :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:* '♦::♦: >■ >. ♦ :♦: ♦ :♦: .♦;;♦; >:;♦) :♦::♦: >"♦: »>: ic* ;♦:;♦; •»::♦: >::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::« :*.:■»! >x« :♦:;« •♦:;♦; .♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »: :♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:« ;♦;>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;« »::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :*:♦; :♦::♦: :*:♦; >::« :♦:;•« :♦:■« :♦::« ;♦:;♦: ;♦::« :*:♦: :♦::♦: >x*; :♦::♦; 'M'M ;♦:;♦; :c« :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:« ;«:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦: ;♦;:♦: •♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:*" >"♦: ;♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦:»: MM :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :«:♦: ;«;♦: :♦::♦: :«:« :♦:;♦; :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦! :♦::♦: :*.:•♦> :♦.;« >.:«:♦::♦: 740 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. Point on James River, Virginia, with pris- oners. On the 20th of April I was or- dered with my regiment, now 300 present for duty, to Pilot Knob, Missouri, which place was threatened by the rebel Gen- eral Marmaduke. On arriving there I was put in command of the post, and soon after I was assigned to the command of the sub- district of Pilot Knob, which left the regi- ment in charge of Lieutenant-Colonel Dungan. "The camping grounds at this place were pleasant and healthful, and the sanitar}' condition of the regiment improved very rapidly while there. On the 3d of June I received orders to march with my regi- ment to St. Genevieve, on the Missisrippi River, and join General Herron's army, which was about to embark for Grant's army then besieging Vicksburg. When I left Pilot Knob there were 400 men pres- ent for duty with the regiment. " Arrived at Vicksburg, and took posi- tion on the extreme left of the investing forces, on the 15th day of June. The hard- ships of this siege were almost unprece- dented, but the severe ordeal which my men passed through the previous winter pre- pared them for the hardest service. Dur- ing the siege I lost several men killed and wounded, but very few by disease. While other regiments were melting away into the hospitals, mine was frequently compli- mented by the General (Vandever) com- manding the division for keeping up its strength and efficiency. On the loth of July our division (now Second Division, Thirteenth Army Corps, Herron command- ing) was embarked on transports for the purpose of joining General Banks and as- sisting in the reduction of Port Hudson. Before we left the wharf, however, we re- ceived intelligence of the surrender of that garrison, and we \Vere immediately ordered in the opposite direction. We moved into the Yazoo River and up it to Yazoo City, which we attacked on the 13th, and cap- tured on the 14th of July. On the i6th and 17th marched under General Herron in the direction of Canton, Mississippi, for the purpose of making a diversion in favor of General Sherman, then engaging John- ston at Jackson. We crossed Big Black River, and finding that Canton and Jack- son had both been taken we returned to Yazoo City. The rapidity of this march and the intensity of the heat produced great exhaustion among the troops and sev- eral deaths from sun-stroke. We now re- turned to Vicksburg, where the men were employed in filling up the ditches and pre- paring the place for defense. " On the 25th our division started on transports for the Department of the Gulf. Arrived at Port Hudson on the 27th, where we remained in camp three weeks. This proved to be a very unhealthy location for us, and sickness increased in my regiment, as it did in all the others of the division, at an alarming rate. We moved from here on the 25th, and arrived at Carrolton, Louisiana, on the 26th of August. Here we found the other divisions of the Thir- teenth Army Corps. Went into camp, and the men recuperated very rapidly. While here the entire corps was reviewed twice by Major-General Banks, and once by Gen- eral Grant. Our camping grounds here were very fine, and everything seemed con- ducive to the benefit of the troops ; but we were allowed to enjoy this recreation only a few days. On the 5th of September our division was ordered on board transports, leavintr tents standing and the sick and con- valescents in them. Not a tent or any ba_g- gage except that carried by the men and officers was allowed to be taken. On tiie 7th of September we disembarked at Mor- ganzia, a small town on the west bank of the Mississippi River, thirt3'-ftve miles above Port Hudson. Here we remained until the 9th of October. In the tneantimc :♦>: :♦:;*" :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::'*: :♦::♦: :«:♦; :c« :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; •••:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :c*: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::« :♦;;♦: :♦::•« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«: ;♦"♦: :♦;:•: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :c»; :♦:;♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦"♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦> :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦ :♦::♦; •c* :♦::♦ ;♦::♦: :♦::♦ ;♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦ ;♦::♦::-' THE CIVIL 11 .!/■• ;-ti .♦:♦: ;♦;.♦: :«>: vjt. :♦>: ;«:♦: :♦:« :♦::♦: :•>: ;♦>; :♦>: :♦>: :♦;♦: :«>: ♦::♦: ♦>: ♦>; ♦r* :♦>: :♦;;♦: ♦>; c*: ♦>: :♦>: ♦::♦: •;•»: ♦>: ♦>: ♦>: ♦>: ♦>: :♦>: ;♦>: ;♦>: *>: »>: :♦"♦: *>; ♦>: »: :♦>: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :•:♦: :♦>; :♦>: ♦z*: :♦>: :♦>: ♦>: ♦:♦: ♦::♦: ♦>: ♦>: ♦>: ♦:;♦: ♦::♦: ♦;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:.♦: ♦;»: ♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦>; :♦:;* ♦:«! :♦>; :♦>; ♦>; c* ♦>; ♦>: ♦;;♦: ♦;:♦; ♦::♦: .♦::♦: ♦"•: ♦:♦: ♦>: ;♦:♦: :♦>: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: ♦>; ♦:♦; :♦>: :♦>: ♦::♦: ^ »: ♦>: ♦:♦: ♦;♦: two regiments of our division, the Nine- teenth Iowa and Twenty-sixth Indiana, and detachments from various other regiments, were captured at an outpost on the Atcha- falaya F^iver. I lost from my regiment one officer. Lieutenant Walton, and five men talcen prisoners, and one man mortally wounded. Just about the time this disaster occurred General Herron was relieved by Cjeneral Dana, and I believe it has not been determined who was responsible lor tiie loss of these troops. "After an absence of abi3ut Tne weeks, without tents, cooking utensils, or change of clothing, we returned to our camp at Carrolton. On the 24th of October our division embarked on Gulf stream. Aftei a tedious and boisterous voyage of two weeks, we landed on the island of Brazos de Santiago, on the 8th of November. From there we marched to Brownsville, Te.xas. After a few days' rest, my regi- ment, with Forrest's battery, was ordered to return to the Gulf. Arrived at Point Isa- bel on the 13th of November, and embarked on a ship the fol^iwing day. Joined ane.x- pedition under Brigadier-General Ransom, and sailed up the coast 1 10 miles to Arkan- sas Pass, which separates Mustang Island from St. Joseph Island. We landed on the latter. After a little time we were joined by .Major-General Washburnc, witii one brigade of his division (First Division, Thirteenth Army Corps). The force then marched to the head of the island, forty miles, crossed Cedar Bayou to Matagorda Island, and marched to its head, where the rebel fort Esparanza is situated. My regi- ment took a prominent i)art in the engage- ment pi eceding the evacuation of this fort. Remained in the vicinity of Fort Esparan- za, alternately on Matagorda Island and the Matagorda Peninsula, until tiic 20th of April. While on the island Company C of my regiment, Captain J. S. Clark, com- peted in a prize drill witii live o( the best companies in the division, under the direc- tion of Generals McClernand and Lawler. •' On the 20th (if Ajiril we embarked for New Orleans. Immediately on our arrival there, we were tiansferrcd to river boats, and started to re-inforce General Banks, then making his celebrated campaign on Red River. We reached Alexandria, Louis- iana, on the 27th of April. There we met Banks' arm v. He was falling back on that place, and his advance column had just ar- rived when General McClernand. with our division (First Division, Thirteenth Army Corps), joined it. The tlisappointments, vexations and disasters of this expedition are so well known, and other Iowa regi- ments in it suffered so much nnjre than mine, that I shall content myself with say- ing that after skirmishing with the enemy around Alexandria for about three weeks, we started on our retreat to the Mississippi River. Whatever may be said against this campaign, I am glad there is one thing that can be said in its favor. The retreat was most sticeessful. Porter's fleet, at one time supposed to be hopelessly lost, was brought triumphantly away, and the twelve miles of wagon train was successfully guarded and protected to the Mississippi River. We were constantly harassed by the pursuing enemy, but in every attack he was repulsed and severely punished. I had the honor to command the brigade which formed the rear-guard a large part of the way, and my regiment, with others of the brigade, was freqently engaged by the enemy but without material loss. We crossed the Atchafalaya River at Simms- port, and struck the Mississipjji at Mor- ganzia, Louisiana. A few days after we arrived here our division was ordered to Baton Rouge. Louisiana. We re- mained there six weeks as a part of the garrison of that place. The duty was comparatively liglit, and our cam|)ing ground excellent. Ihis was the longc-t *♦. ;♦.* >.:« :♦;:♦; :♦♦: ;♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦.* ;♦;:♦' :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦: :«>; :♦::•: »:'♦: :♦;•♦: »:>° :♦"♦" :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦:* :♦;♦; :♦:♦: :*::«: :♦:;♦: »: ;«::*: :♦>; :♦:'♦: :♦;■♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: i^ :♦"« »!:«: »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ■♦"♦: :♦::♦' :♦"♦ *::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•' :♦:■»; :♦::♦: :♦;* ♦:*; :♦;♦■ :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:'♦' :♦::♦; ;♦:♦' :♦::♦ >":♦■ >'■♦" »; :♦":♦; :♦::♦: :♦:*: :♦;>: :♦::♦: >:♦; i** :♦:;♦. :•:;♦' :«::♦: *i^ ♦♦ ♦■♦ :♦;♦: :♦::♦; ;c* ;♦>' >:* :♦::♦" >!:♦' >:* >:♦'. :♦:.♦: :♦:♦: ♦'♦' ♦ ♦ 5l: ».>;;♦;♦;♦;♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ « « « k:cc>x*>>xcccccc«;:cccc* 742 HISTOR7' OF DECATUR CO U NTT. >:♦ :♦'* ♦ _♦ >;.♦ >> >;> >;♦ >■'♦. ♦ ► :♦:>: :♦..♦. >.>: •♦'♦ ;♦:♦: :♦:>. :♦:♦ >> :♦'> .♦:>: :♦::♦ >;♦ :♦::♦: >■> '.*:>>. .♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >":* >.;♦ ;♦:♦ :♦.'♦ >♦ ;♦;:♦: :♦:>: »' :♦:♦. :♦> .♦..♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦ ;♦::♦: >:♦ "♦;> ;♦;:♦; :c* :♦:;«: »;:♦: :♦::♦: »; :♦;:♦: :*:♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:<« :♦;:♦, ;♦;:♦. :«* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: i i :♦;* •*:♦: m. ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::« ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦>: :♦:■♦; :♦■••? and pleasantest rest the regiment has ever had. ■• In July I had notice that I was to go to the Army of the Potomac. 1 was sent to Algiers, opposite New Orleans, to em- bark. While we were waiting there for transportation, the expedition against the forts at the mouth of Mobile Bay was or- ganized under command of Major-General Granger, and m}' regiment was taken along. We disembarked on the west end of Dauphin Island on the 28th of July, and marched that night to within two miles of Fort Gaines. We immediately commenced the siege, and before the morning of the 5th of August, when Admiral Farragut ran his fleet by the forts, the land forces had several batteries planted within shot range, and the infantry had driven the rebel pick- ets into the fort and built a complete line of breastworks across the island in rear of the fort. The ne.vt morning after the fleet ran into the bay, Gaines surrendered. During this short but vigorous siege my regiment lost only one man killed. Imme- diately after the surrender and disposition of the prisoners, we were moved across the bay to Mobile Point, and commenced our operations against Fort Morgan. This fort proved to be more formidable and obstinate than Gaines. We gradually ap- proached with our intrenchments until our mortars and siege-guns were within 500 yards of the fort. Never did men work with more alacrit}' than while building these circumvallations around Fort Mor- gan. Every man could see the propriety and utility of what was being done. " The preparations for the attack were completed on the night of the 22d, and the bombardment commenced at daylight on the morning of the 23d of August. I never witnessed more terrific cannonading. The fort was assailed from three diflcrent direc- tions. From the north and south by the gun-boats, and from th^ east by the land batteries. The stream of shot and shell into the fort was almost incessant from da3dight of the 23d until daylight of the 24th, when the enemy displayed a white flag, and signified his desire to capitulate. He exhibited a great deal more pluck than discretion, as his capture was inevitable from the moment we got in the rear of the fort. Yet he held out until we had pounded the fort into ruins over his head. During the morning the stipulations of the sur- render were agreed on between Major- General Granger, commanding our forces, and Brigadier-General Page, commanding the fort. At the time designated for the formal surrender to take place I was ordered to report with my regiment at the fort for the purpose of conducting the cere- monies. It was to be at 2 o'clock P. M. Precisely at this hour I marched up in front of the fort — the band playing ' Hail Columbia.' Formed line of battle in front of the sall3--port, through which the pris- oners soon commenced issuing. They formed in line parallel with and ten paces in front of mine. The scene was intensely interesting and impressive. Rebel officers were ordered to the front and center, and the men ordered to stack arms, and the officers to surrender their swords into the hands of a staff officer detailed for that purpose. During the ceremonies a national salute was being fired, the band was play- ing patriotic airs, and just as the rebel officers commenced giving up their swords the rebel flag was hauled down, and the stars and stripes were again unfurled to the breeze where they had proudl}^ waved for man\- 3-ears prior to the rebellion. Being selected as the regiment before which the rebel garrison should surrender, was regarded by all as a compliment, and was highly appreciated by the officers and men of the regiment. "After resting a few days my regiment with several others was ordered across the :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >:♦: :♦:>: ■♦':♦: :♦:'♦: >'>■ :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; *:♦. ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦:;♦: •♦::♦; :♦::♦; >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦:■»; >;:♦; >■>■; >;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦!;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::*' ;♦;;♦: :♦;>; ;♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:% »::♦: :«::«: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦! :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦>: >::♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :'»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦;* :♦;;♦: :♦.:*: :♦:.«: ■♦::♦: ;♦,:♦: ;♦:♦; >;*;♦; .-♦•>■>-♦"!»•> ' .fj»_«_»_'tA.»_*..»..' ■♦.,♦.♦•. ♦. .♦ ♦ • ♦ •■ ♦, .♦ .♦■ .♦■ < ♦ ♦ :♦::♦: ;*♦■ ;♦>: :♦:;♦: ;♦:* ;*::*: :♦;:•: :♦::♦: »::«: ;♦::•: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '♦::♦: '♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦':♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :•:*; :♦:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:,♦; ♦>: ;♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: ♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: .♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦>; *,* :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: ■»"♦: :♦;* »:;♦; :♦:;•; :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:•»; :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦>: ♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦: :♦::♦: •♦::♦: ■♦>: ♦;••; ♦:*: :♦>; *:,♦; :♦::♦: ♦:♦: ♦;♦: •»:.♦; :♦:.♦: ;♦;:♦; *>; ■*;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦)» :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:♦; ;♦"♦: >;» :♦:;♦; :♦;;•; ;♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦:>: '♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦!♦! '♦"♦: :♦:'♦; :♦;♦: ;♦;:♦: ♦ » THE CJV/L WAR. 743 bay to Cedar Point. Soon after landing on this point it was found impracticable to oc- cupy it. It is only a salt marsh without any solid surface except a shell-road, which has been made from this point to the city of Mobile, a distance of about fifteen miles. Unable to find water fit to use or ground suitable to camp on, we abandoned this point, after occupying it about forty-eight hours. We moved back to Mobile Point, where we stayed about two weeks, engaged in destroying the works we had con- structed in our operations against Fort Morgan. " I was ordered then to report with my regiment at New Orleans, which 1 did about the middle of September. Without disembarking I was ordered to proceed to Morganzia, Louisiana. A few days after arriving there the regiment was sent out on the Atchafalaya River, where it re- mained for four weeks on outpost duty. While there Lieutenant Walton and one enlisted man were severely wounded in a skirmish with the enemy." January i, 1865, the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-eighth Iowa Infantry were consoli- dated, under the number of the former. The regiment thus re-organized was the largest in the department to which it was attached. It was on duty in Louisiana and Texas until it mustered out at Houston, Texa.s, August 13, 1865. In August, 1863, Captain John L. Young raised a body of men for the cavalry ser- vice, who were received, with other volun- teers, as Company C, Ninth Cavalr}', with Young as Cajitain. He was afterward promoted to Major. The Ninth was mustered November 30. 1863, at Davenport, with 1,178 men. In De- cember the regiment proceeded to St. Louis, and more than three months was spent in drill and preparation for service. In April following the command started for Arkan- sas, but soon after was ordered back to St. Louis. In May the regiment moved down to Mississippi and camped at DuValTs Bluff. During the following summer and au- tumn the Ninth was variously employed in opjiosing the rebel General Price, and in numerous expeditions, bv fletachments, the service being of that varied character that usually falls to the lot of a cavalry organization. During 1865 the duties per- formed were of an inconspicuous but nec- essary character, garrisoning posts and preserving order after the virtual close of the war. Muster-out was ordered in Feb- ruary, 1866. During tiic summer of 1864 a company was raised in Decatur County for 100 days' service. It became Company C. Forty- eighth Infantry, and was officered as fol- lows: Captain, James H. Summers ; First Lieutenant, James Burrows and Second Lieutenant, William II. Barnes. During a portion of the war there was maintained in the southern tier of counties in Iowa a "Southern Border Brigade," com- posed of a company from each county. The Decatur County company was raised in September, 1862, and was known as Company A, Third Battalion. James H. Summers was Captain ; C. G. Bridges, First Lieutenant and R. G. Mansfield, Sec- ond Lieutenant. A few men from Decatur County joined Companies G and \l. Sixth Missouri State Militia. A large numbcrentered Company K, and a few Company I, of the Seventh Cavalry, Missouri State Militia. In all Decatur County furnished be- tween 700 and 800 volunteers to the Union army. Scarcely one-third of these are now living in the county. * • < « ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ►. ♦, ♦. ♦ ♦- ♦■ ,♦. .♦-♦■ ^. ■*- -▼■ -T ^ ' .* .*.* ■*..*-•-♦-.♦,♦.•.♦ .' '.♦♦.♦***' :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>: >:>; '♦:>: :♦■:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::■»; :«:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦"♦: >::■♦: ■*:■»;■ ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; >:>: >::♦: >::'^' >;;♦; :♦.;♦: ;♦::♦: >;;*: ;♦;>■. ;♦:•»■ :♦:>, ;♦:>■: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:« I*'* :♦;:♦ »::♦ :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: 'nm >::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :*!♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; »::« *!* :«:♦: >::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: :♦>; !»::♦: :♦::♦: »;;♦: :♦>: »:»: :♦;:•« »::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;:«! »;»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: '*:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: »:»: :♦:.>: ■♦•:♦: ■:*:*;.*>>:*;.>;»>;:'K;*>:;c*;:*»;»r*;:»;>;!»>;:'Cc*:c*:*,- 744 HISTORr OF DECATUR COUNTr. -^^ JN tlie development of modern civilization there is no more po- tent factor than the ne\vspaper,and,at the same time, there has been no greater prog- ress in anything for fifty years past than in American journal- ism. Fifty years ago the coun- try had few newspapers that could be considered paying property. The metropolitan iournals devoted about as much space to foreign as to domestic news, while country weeklies seemed to consider that which happened at home as of no importance whatever, and imitated the larger papers in style and contents. The telegraph and railroads, assisted by that enterprising spirit which is inseparably connected with successful journalistic management, have wrought most gratifying results. Local news has become the main feature of weekly country newspapers, and all jour- nals of the better class are foremost in ad- vancing the best interests of the localities from which their support comes. In Decatur County journalism has kept pace in the march of improvement with other professions and industries. The wifle circulation of these papers at present published, and tlie large number of out- side papers that are taken here, afford the best possible evidence that the people are intelligent, enterprising and progressive. In Leon alone loo copies of outside daily papers are distributed every day by the newsdealer, and many come by mail direct to subscribers. Although many able writers have been employed upon the county press in former years, without disparagement to any of them, it can safely be asserted that the journals of the county, taken as a whole, were never better conducted than at pres- ent. The editors are gentlemen who im- derstand their business thoroughly, and may safely be depended upon to keep up with the times. The first newspaper in Decatur County was published at Leon, of course, and was appropriately named the LliON I'lONEEK. This was published by Bmckley Bros. (P. H. and George) in the autumn of 1855. It was a seven-column folio, issued on Thurs- days, at $1.50 per year. It was Demo- cratic in politics, had a good advertising and subscription patronage, and was, on the whole, very successful. Binckley Bros, sold to Joe Parsons, and he to Sam Caster. The ne.xt proprietor was John Finley, who changed the name to the Democratic Report ;♦> ;♦::♦' :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦' >::♦: >::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦•:♦: :♦>: :♦:>: :♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ;♦«♦• :♦„♦; >"♦: :♦;:♦: :c*: >;:♦' :♦> ;♦:;♦ :♦::♦ :♦>: >"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦,:♦: » » :♦> »>: :♦>: :♦>: >"♦: :♦;>: :♦;:♦: »: :♦>: :♦"♦; :♦>: »:;♦: :*:♦: :♦>: :«!♦: ;♦>: :♦.«: :♦>: >!♦: ;♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦». :♦>: *;♦; ;♦!« :<♦: :«:« »: ;♦>: :♦>; »: :«♦: ^ :♦>: :♦::♦: >::♦: »>: »:♦: »>: :♦!♦: :♦!•*$ !«:♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦*♦: 1^ »>: :♦!♦: :♦>: »::« »:« •■"■*:»'y:v>':«-'>\'*»:*'»':*'»\»» ♦ «t»*~:» *»■■♦'■*•■*■ ♦■♦■*v^^^ .♦. .♦.,♦.♦. .♦:♦♦♦♦ ^ -♦. ♦^♦..t. ».♦. 9. ♦ ♦. t ♦. -♦. «L*.« ♦- ♦_* T T. ♦ » ♦. * «, T ». » * ♦ ».' .♦:>: :♦::*: ;♦::♦! ■KM :♦:>: ;^* MM :«:>: >::♦: :«;:♦: :•::♦: :*:>: :♦::♦: ;** »::« »: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: >:;♦: :<«'"♦: :«!:♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :«:>: »: :♦::••> :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«! ;♦::«! :♦::« :»::♦: >:;♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: .«::♦; :♦::« >::« :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::« :♦::«! :♦::« ■*:♦: :*>: !»::♦: :«::« :♦::« *::♦; :♦:>: :«::«! :<«:♦: ;♦;:« :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::«! :♦::« MM :«::♦: KM :♦:;« »:»: »>: :«:« !«:« :♦::« ;'•"♦: »::« »:»: :«;« »::« >::« »;:« »"« :♦:;« »■••■: r/^v? pjfEss. 745 ^•r. Jackson & Howard succeeded Finley, and in 1866 the paper came into the hands of Dctrick & Pcnniwell. I'tMiniwcll's in- terest was subsequently purchased by one Garrett, and then tlic whole was sold to G. N. Udell. Frazicr iS: Jackson were the next in the list of the many proprietors of this paper. Frazier was previously, for a number of years, principal of the Leon schools, and Jackson was afterward audi- tor for three terms. Frazier & Jackson re- stored the name of the Pioneer, and in the last of 1870 sold to Ed. D. Pitman, who published the paper in 1871 and 1872. He then disposed of the office material to Shinn Bros., who removed it to Hutchin- son, Kansas. DECATUR COUNTV JOURNAll. This is the oldest paper now printed in the county. It was established in 1868 by P. O. James, who bought old material of the Slate Register, in Des Moines, and started the y :•:♦: >!* ;♦.:♦. >:> 155 »: !»>; »;♦: !*>: »; »:♦; »>; »>: !»;:♦: ;*:♦: »::•: :♦>: :♦::♦: w ».:♦: :♦::♦: »; :♦>; :♦.:♦: :♦:>: »:♦; »>; :♦>: :♦::♦: !^* »:;♦: »;;♦; »>: »"♦; !•::♦: »>: i^ :«»; »::♦: :♦;;« :♦::«! :♦::♦: ■MJ>. »;♦: »>: :♦:>: »;«: !♦>: !»: ;«•( »::•: »>: »: :♦:•: :«> :*:>. !».:« :♦:;«. !»::♦. »;:♦; »>: :♦;:«: «:•; >:«: »:«: :*:»: !*~« :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦>: »>: »:;♦; »-« »r« •♦"•♦: 746 ♦ ». ♦:'♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>; *:>: :♦::♦: '♦>: ,■♦:'♦: '♦ ♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >:'♦: >::♦; '*'.'*: .♦:>: ♦;♦' :♦;;♦: ■*.*'. ■♦:♦; :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦:>: ♦■'♦' >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:'♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:>: >:;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;;♦: *:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ■♦;>■ :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ♦;♦: ♦::■>: *.*'. ♦"♦: .*'.'*'. :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ♦:;♦: ■>:;♦: >:.♦: ♦;♦) ,♦::♦: >];♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>: *':*'. *'.'*: *;^ :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦: >;♦: **; >]>] *::♦; ♦;♦: ;♦::♦; .♦;:♦: :^* :♦::♦: *:♦: :♦:>: :♦:•»: ■♦•::♦: '♦:;♦; ♦::♦: !♦:«• :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >:>; :♦:;♦: :♦:* '♦V HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. GARDEN GROVE BULLETIN. Although the Leon Pioneer was the first newspaper in Decatur County, it was ante- dated somewhat by the Garden Grove Bulletin. This, however, was but an ad- vertising sheet. It was issued from 1854 to 1869, at irregular dates, by D. and A. B. Stearns. THE GARDEN GROVE ENTERPRISE was established in 1869 by H. M. Belvel, now of Corydon, Wayne County. He sold to W. J. Whiteman, who discontin- ued the paper in 1873. It was Republic- can in politics. The GARDEN GROVE EXPRESS first saw the light May 5, 1875, but was called the Iowa Express until December, 1882. J. O. Parrish was editor and pro- prietor until March i, 1881, when he dis- posed of the office, etc., to Bryson Bruce, who has owned it since. It was a seven- column folio, but has been enlarged a col- umn. It is issued on Saturdays, at $1.50 per year, and is "Republican in politics, neutral in nothing." Mr. Bruce has had journalistic experience with papers of high standing in the East, and the Express shows management superior to that one usually sees in village papers. AT DECATUR CITY two papers have been published. The Commoner lived from 1859 to 1861 under F. A. C. Foreman, who afterward died at Marengo, Iowa. The Enterprise was pub- lished in 1866 and '7 by Hon. C. S. Wilson, since editor of the Des Moines Daily JVews. AT WELDON. The first paper was called the ll'it/iess. It was published during 1881 by Ed. Bur- leigh. The Weldon Hornet was established June 10, 1885, by Critchfield & Watsa- baugh. It is a five-column quarto, published on Wednesdays, at $1.50 per 3'ear and is independent in politics. AT DAVIS CITY. The first paper at this point was called the Clipper, and was started in 1876 by one Knapp. Its life was eighteen months. J. C. Stockton, now of Leon, started the Commercials 1879. He sold to C. W. Lil- lie, now of Challis, Idaho, and the last pro- prietor was C. C. Bartlett. He moved to Ridgeway, Missouri, and afterward to Fairburg, Nebraska. The paper went to Kansas. The Press was established in March, 1884, by J. W. Mather, and discon- tinued in June, 1885. The office material is now at Weldon, and is used to print the Hornet. The Tidings, the present newspaper of Davis City, was established in October, 1885, by Adams Bros., under whom it is doing nicely. It is a five-column quarto, published Thursdays, at $1.25. In politics it is independent. AT I.AMONI. The Lamoni Gazette was given to the public in November, 188?, by Sumner E. King, from Mormontown, Missouri. Three months later he disposed of the paper to Walker & Hanson, the present owners and editors. It is a six-colimin folio, published on Tuesdays, at $1.00 per year. The publishing house of the Latter-Day Saints is also located here, having been removed to this point in 1881, from Piano, 111. The periodicals issued here are the Saint's Herald, Zion's Hope, Saint's Advo- cate and Sanhedrin's Banner (Danish). ;♦:;♦•; :♦;*; ;♦:♦; ;♦>■ ;♦.■.'.. •»::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; >;■*: ;♦:>; ;♦;:♦; »::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦;:♦: *:♦; :♦:['•: 'an '*'* !♦::♦: :♦;:♦; >::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:••! ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦' :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦' ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :<»::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: ♦:;* ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::♦: :♦;;♦; .♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦;;♦' ;♦;:♦: ;♦-« :♦::♦: :'»::♦: :♦:>: :*:♦; :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ■*■■♦ ♦ .♦::♦;;♦:.♦::♦::♦:>::♦::♦;:♦::♦;:♦>::♦:,♦;;♦;:♦;.♦:.♦::♦;:♦::••;♦;;♦::♦.:♦:■♦::♦::♦::♦♦:■♦:■♦:♦:♦ ^:c♦;:♦>>;:c*;cccc*»;:♦::♦:■**:;c♦;»:i»;»;;♦;:♦;:♦;:♦;:c♦;:♦"♦;;♦;:♦::♦::♦^ ♦ ♦ '•♦ :♦♦ ♦;.♦ '♦:♦ *'♦. :*::*: :♦:* :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:« :♦;:♦: :♦::*: :♦:* ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::«: :*::♦: v:m ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::«: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '«::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: *;♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;«': :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;«::♦: ;♦>: ;«"♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦;:♦: »: »"♦: :«:♦: :♦"♦: :♦>: :<*: ;♦:>; :♦»: :♦>: :♦::«: :c« .«;♦: !»::♦: :«>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;«: :«::*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: '♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: .♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :«:;•: :♦::♦; :♦:••: •»::♦; *:♦: :♦:♦: *'♦: ♦'♦" ♦ ♦ t^ROFBSS/ONAL. 747 -T- BWk'HU I ^#^, *0 »fc:* and attorneys as a 1 ^ - t - . — TT^ class. It may be true -' *' '* ' ' that the field is rather 2n %i^ ci'iwucd, and that more ability the law ^•^ is requisite to ensure success in O^i^jd legal practice than in other oc- ii cupations, and it is also possible "^,i,^ beyond dispute that the tenden- cies of the profession are such that only a ])erson of jjositive moral force can follow the law successfully and live an iij)- right life; yet it is a fact that is still one of the highest o( callings, offering great possibdities and re- wards to those possessing talent and appli- cation, [t is worthy of note. too. that the same ones who pretend to haye a low opinion of lawyers will, when inyolved in any trouble, financial or personal, not hesi- tate to invoke the assistance of the man of law, and trust to him their business and money and property without limit ♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ,♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦ ♦ >..♦. :♦.:♦. ;*>; :♦:♦: ;♦.;♦: *>■ *'* ♦"♦: ♦.:♦. ♦::♦ ♦.* ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ,♦.:♦ .♦:♦. *♦. ** ♦ •• ♦ « .♦..♦. ** .♦>" ;♦..♦: ;♦.>: ;♦.* •'.•: :♦.* .♦;;♦. ;♦;♦: .♦..♦, « • ■ ♦ ♦ ♦ # .♦..♦. .♦,:♦ ;♦:.♦. ;♦,;♦: ;♦;:♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦..♦: *:♦; .♦:* ■♦:♦' « » ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ • « « ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦; « » ♦' •« •♦ * * ♦ •♦ * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ •* * ;♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦: .»■ • ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦;:♦:•♦■»: « :♦;:♦::♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦; ;•»:;♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦. :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;.♦: :-♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:*: :♦"♦: :♦:>: >;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ,♦::♦: .♦;:♦: :♦::♦: .*"♦: ;♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: >:»: ;♦::♦: *:»: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: »: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: »: ;«:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: ;•»::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦»; :♦::♦: :♦;:« ■»^: :♦:;♦: ;♦:•♦: ;♦"♦: >:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; »::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »"♦: :♦"••! :♦'♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦;'♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: '♦:>: ;♦;♦; :♦.;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ?;* :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦.*; *::♦: >'^: ♦ ■♦■ :♦ ♦::♦: 748 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. practiced about eight years. He was of considerable ability, and a genial, clever man. He took an active part in politics. He removed early in the war to Chilli- cothe, Missouri, afterward to Atchison, Kansas, and is now living at Hamilton, Hancock County, Illinois. Andrew J. Baker came in an early day and practiced a short time, in partnership with Hawley. Durmg the war he served as a lieutenant, and after the close of the same he fixed his residence in Putnam County, Missouri. He took a prominent part in the Liberal movement which car- ried that State in 1870, and became attor- ney-general, which office he held four 3"ears. He afterward removed to Center- ville, Iowa, and formed a partnership with General Drake. He was in 1884 elected attorney-general of Iowa, and is now hold- ing that office. He is now a Republican, but affiliated with the Democratic party while at Leon. Three brothers named Warner came to Leon from Ohio about 1856, together with several other lawyers. John W. Warner was an able member of the profession. Immediately on coming here he put up a cheap structure for the entertainment of travelers, and for a number of )-ears he "kept hotel " and practiced law together. This was on the spot where now is Q. M. Lindsey's barn. Mr. Warner was a fine speaker and a popular man. but was not, on the whole, successful. He immigrated to Colorado, and engaged in mining, which is supposed to be his business still. Joseph S. Warner was known to his friends first onl)- as a carpenter. While working with his brother, John W., on the building afterward called the Sales House, and now Brown's Hotel, he acci- dentally fell from the top to a scaffolding below. He was not seriously hurt, but thoroughly disgusted, and declared that he would " never work another day " as long as he lived ! He studied law, entered up- on the practice, was eminently successful, amassed some wealth, and in the zenith of his career and prime of life died at Leon, after a residence of more than a quarter of a century. He was in politics a Demo- crat. A. J. Warner practiced a few years with fair success, but tired of the law, or at least lost interest in it. His attention wasdrawn to philosophic and speculative matters, and he acquired views which, though the honest result of conscientious study by an acute intellect, made him very unpopular. In other words, he became an agnostic. He is now farming in Knox County, Illi- nois, whither he went soon after the war. George S. Adams practiced a shoit time in Decatur County, then became a Presby- terian preacher, and is now in Colorado. P. H. Binckley came to Leon to start the Leon Pioneer, the first newspaper in the county, in partnership with his brother, George. He also practiced law. He was a finely-educated man, and a well-read at- torney, but not successful in the practice. He was popular as a man and a leader in politics. He was appointed during the administration of President Johnson to a clerkship in Washington, and afterward went to Dayton, Ohio, where he died. Samuel Forrey fixed his residence at Leon in 1855, and has remained in practice nearly a third of a century. Eiglit years of this time, however, he was on the bench as district judge, and for the last few years he has been a justice of the peace. He has been a Republican until lately, but is a sup- porter of Cleveland's administration. Fred Teale was admitted to practice in this county, and has been in both branches of the General Assembly of Iowa. He is a farmer, residing at Decatur City, and has retired from practice. Vincent Wainright commenced practice at Leon about 1856 or '7. He was an able, :*■*: :♦;;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;»: :♦::♦; :♦-♦; :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦;.*; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; »>: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :«:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; .«>: :♦;;♦; *;;* ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦:;«: :♦>: .*;:♦: :♦;:♦: »: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦>: :♦;;♦: >x«: :•♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: !»>: :♦"♦: ;»>: »>: :♦>: .<•:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦"♦: :♦:>; :♦>: >x«: :♦>: :♦::♦: E»:»: :♦:>; !♦>: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: !»::*: :♦::♦; !»::♦: !»::♦: WJf. !•::♦: :♦;:♦; »::♦: »;;♦: 5»:;*: :♦::♦: !•::•»: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>: ;♦:;♦; ,*■■♦: >;:*>>>:;c*>;:c»:»;:c*;*;c*;;*:i«:ccc*>;>:>::*;>;;*;:*>:>;>;':^^^^ popular man and a good lawyer. He was a Democrat in politics, and held the office of county superintendent f(jr one term. At the beginning of the late war a company of volunteers was formed at Leon, with George Burton as Captain. This company soon swelled beyond the ordinary limits of a military company, and when Captain Burton went into the service with his or- ganization, there was a number of men left, who served as a nucleus for subsequent enlistments and were kept at regular drill. Wainright was Captain of this body until he removed to VVinterset, his present resi- dence. He is well known through the State, and regarded as one of its promi- nent men. W. .S. Warnock selected Leon as his home about ihe same time with Wainright, and practiced some fifteen years, earning a fair reputation for ability. He subsequently went into business at Davis Citv, and is now engaged iri the pursuits of agriculture. He served a term in the General Assembly of Iowa. He was a Republican until re- cently, but now calls himself a Democrat. James S. Alfrey came also about the same date, and practiced irregularly for ten years. Politically he was first a Demo- crat and then a Republican. He served a term as county superintendent. He was in the arm)- for a time, and after the war taught school. He was murdered by one Williams. Mav 20, 1866. J. L. Young has been in c(jnstant practice since his settlement at Leon, in 1858, except the time he passed in honorable service of the United States during the civil war. He went out first as Captain of Company A, Seventeenth Infantry, but resigned to re cruit a company for Ihe Ninth Cavalry, which he did successfully. He was first Captain of this company, and then Major. Major Young is politically a Democrat, and is one of the highly-respected citizens of Decatur County. :<.♦ :♦.♦ :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; »>: ;♦':♦: ;♦>: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: »: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; »; >::♦ ;♦:;♦' :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: »: :♦:>. »: »i ;♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦>! :♦>: *:;♦: :♦:;♦: »; »: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦>: »: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: »; :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: »: :♦;;♦: :♦»♦; :♦;;♦; »: :♦>: >>: :♦'« :«»: ;«.« ;♦;;♦; »: :♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦>: :♦::« :♦::♦: ;«:♦: :♦:>: ;♦;:♦: :♦.♦: :♦;:« :♦;■* :♦::« :♦::« :♦.:♦: '»:»>. :♦.:♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦::•: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: »::*: »::♦: :«::♦: :♦,:♦; :♦:'♦: :♦::*■ :«::♦: »::«. :♦::♦: '♦♦ ♦ «■ ;♦ ♦. '♦ ♦' ♦ ♦ .* ♦.:•; ■♦'■♦>j»r:K»>j«;>"*>jiii> w ♦_♦ ♦ ♦ ♦'♦ 74it Jesse W. Penny came to Leon during the early years of the war, and practiced five or six years, until his death. He was a fine scholar, and a well-read lawyer, suc- cessful in practice. He was a Democrat, and served a term as county superin- tendent. A. J. Evans settled about 1850 in the southeastern part of the county, near Line- ville, on a (arm. In 1854 or 1855 he was elected prosecuting attorney, when the district including Decatur County extended to the Missouri River, and took in about one-fifth of the State of Iowa. Mr. Evans as- sisted in holding court in Decatur County before the erection of the fir.^^t court-house, but did not remove his residence to the county seat until 1865, when he devoted himself entirely to legal practice, gaining prominence in the profession. He removed in 1 87 1 to Alabama, and afterward decided to cast his lot with the prosperous 3'oung State of Kansas. While en route to that Stale he was taken with the small-pox and died. John W. Harvey came to Leon from Jasper County, this State, in 1868, and was in partnership with Major Young until 1882, when he was elected judge of the District Court. He is in politics a Re- publican. R. L. Parrish taught school before he was admitted to the bar. He graduated at Iowa Citv, and was admitted at Leon. He was first in partnersliip with C. W. HofTman, then with E. W. Haskctt and since 1883 with Major Young. \i. W. Haskeit was a promising yt)ung lawver who commenced practice at Leon, in 1874. During the administration of President Arthur, in 1S83, he was ap- pointed United States District Attorney for Alaska. He held this position two vears, until relieved by Cleveland's admin- istration, and on his way home was acci- dentally killed, at Needles, California. ♦ ♦ » » :♦> » » .♦..♦ » » >♦'♦ :♦:♦. ;♦:;♦; >::♦ *:;♦: !•:> >::* :♦:;♦ *:♦. ;♦>: »: » » » :♦>. » ». :♦"♦: ;*s* :♦::♦ :♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦> :♦> » » :♦::♦: :«>: •♦a* » :♦:♦ » '*»■ !»» !♦"♦ » IS !»> ». W» !*>: ;** :«»: ;♦:» :♦;:♦' !♦:;* :♦;♦ :♦::« :♦'» :♦:♦ * *. .-*• j.-'*'*"^-*''*-*' tr^^i-t ,~ffsr*f*~f4rirt **'**'*"»'* 750 HISTORl' OF DECATUR COUNTT. ♦.;♦: «■.>: -»:♦: ♦,;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: •♦A .:♦' ♦ ;♦' :♦::•« :«;♦: >"♦: ;♦:>: >;>: >:>: :♦::♦: ;♦;>: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:.♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: W- :♦::« , :«:« ^^ :♦::♦: :♦>: »::♦: »>: :♦::♦: :«:♦; :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::<»: :♦;:♦: ;♦:♦: .♦:.♦' :♦:>: :♦::•»: ;♦::♦: ,♦:♦■ ♦':♦ ♦ ♦ C. VV. Hoffman was born and reared in Decatur County, and admitted to the prac- tice of law in 1876. He is now a member of the firm of Bullock & Hoffman. He has been for some years chairman of the Dem- ocratic County Central Committee. N. P. Bullock located here in 1867, and has been in partnership successively with John W. Warner, Joseph S. Warner and C. W. Hoffman. He is a Republican and active in political matters. W. H. Albaugh read law with Harvey & Young, was admitted to the bar, and now practices law at Leon. He has been mayor two terms, and justice of the peace several 3-ears. Marion F. Stookey and his cousin, Mill- ard F. Stookey, came at the same time from Marion, Iowa. The former was in partnership witii E. W. Haskett, but has dissolved this relationship. He is chairman of the Republican County Central Com- mittee, and is one of the proprietors of the Decatur Coiaily Journal. Millard F. Stookey was m partnership for a time with W. H. Robb, but separated when elected clerk of the courts. He held this office two terms, and is now a deputy in the same ofifice, though a Republican, while his superior is a Democrat. W. H. Robb passed his early life in this county, and was admitted to practice in 1868. He engaged also in the abstract business with his son-in-law, Charles Jor- dan, until 1874. when the books and busi- ness were sold to the Leon Loan and Abstract Company. Mr. Robb was for several years postmaster at Leon, being succeeded by Mr. Sullivan. He was then given an appointment by the Interior De- partment and assigned to the Indian Bureau, with duties in the West. He held this office until Cleveland's administration. He removed not long ago to Kingsley, Kansas, where he is enjoying a very lucra- tive practice. An elderly lawyer named Black settled in the western part of the county some years ago, from Marion County. He was an estimable man, had some practice and died some years ago. M.A.Mills came to Leon about 1868, from Indiana. He graduated with honor at the Iowa Law School and practiced with some ability for .several years. In 1878 or 1879 ^^ removed to Nebraska, in the Senate of which State he has since served a term. Politicallj' he is a staunch Democrat. .\lbert Hale is remembered as a very bright young man, remarkabl)^ well read in law. He practiced at Leon four or five years, and is now in Southwestern Iowa. J. B. Morrison came about 1868 from In- diana, resided and practiced ten or twelve years at Leon, of which place he was mayor two terms, and then removed to a farm west of Grand River, in Decatur Count}', where he still resides. S. A. Gates and John D. Gates are among the younger attorneys of Leon, though be- longing to a familv long resident in the county. The lawyers now in practice at Leon are — E. W. Curry, N. P. Bullock, C. W. Hoff- man, W. H. Albaugh, Marion F. Stooke}', J. L. Young, R. L. Parrish, S. A. Gates, John D. Gates and Samuel Forrey. W. S. Shepherd located at Garden Grove during the " fifties " and lived there several years. He is said to have had some ability. He went to California to settle up the estate of his father-in-law, and there died, about 1871. W. W. Miller located at Garden Grove in 1880, and practiced two years, when he was appointed a pension clerk at Wash- ington. S. H. Amos came to Garden Grove in 1877, from Wayne County, where he had been teaching school. He taught a term in Decatur County, and kept a hotel for a time. He was pursuing the study of law .■*..» :♦.:♦. :♦::♦: *:♦: .♦;.*: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: »: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦' :♦:♦ ;♦::♦: ♦:.♦: ;♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ♦::♦: ♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>; >:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦. :♦.:♦: ;♦;:♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >;:♦: >:>: ♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: >:;♦; :♦» :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: V.'fi. ;*"♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦: !♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦:»: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :<♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦;.♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;,♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;.♦; :♦;>; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; >;>: ;♦;;♦; :«::« :♦:>: »..♦;.♦;*,.♦:.♦;■■. •>■;;♦;:♦;;♦>;;♦:.' ♦ * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦♦ :♦♦ :♦'♦ •> '♦♦' ♦ ♦ :♦:♦ :♦♦ »■ ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ **. :♦::♦; »: ♦;♦. ;♦:.♦: ♦: ♦: ♦ ♦. ♦:♦: ♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :«::*: :♦::♦: ** :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦: ♦:* :«::«: :♦;:«: :♦::♦: :♦:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:••• :♦::♦; >:* ;♦::♦: ;♦:*: ;♦;;♦: :«::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦; »:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >:;♦: ;♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:•»; :♦;>; :♦"♦: :♦;.* :♦"♦: ;♦"•: :♦"* :♦;♦: >;:•: :♦"♦: :•:>: :♦::♦: :♦:•»: ;♦::♦: ;♦:•: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: >:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: ■♦:♦: ♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; :•:;•; :♦;:♦: ;♦;♦: :«"«: :♦:•»; >;♦; .♦:♦: *•»: .♦::♦: :•::♦: :♦: ♦; ♦ ♦ ♦ » PJfOFESSJONA /,. as best he could, meanwhile, anci he now completed his course of reading under Judge Harvey, at Leon. In 1878 he was admitted to the bar and located at the Grove, where he has since resided. He has been recorder of the village since its incor- poration in 1879. .Marion Woodard is the only attorney of Decatur City. He has been practicing since 1883. Fred Teale was formerly in practice, and thirty-five years ago C. W. Bridges and P. H. Bincklcy were located here for a brief period. R. J. Critchfield has been practicing at Weldon since 1883, ami is the only attornc}- of that village. VV. W. Peaslev, from Eaglevillc, Missouri, enjoyed the legal business in Davis City from 1875 to 1885, and is now a banker at Kellerton, Ringgold County. J. H. Kling has been in practice at Davis City for three years, and J. H.Gates, of the firm of S. A. Gates & Bro., has resided here for one year. W. A. Williams is the only attorney of Weldon. THE MEDICAL I'KOFESSION. The life of a medical practitioner in a newly settled country is generally one of toil and hardship. Compensation is usually meager, and however extensive may be the physician's practice, much of it must be rendered gratuitously on account of the poverty of his patients. A strong consti- tution and abundant |)aticnceis requisite to success, and success frequently means on the part of the physician merely the con- sciousness that he has performed his duty well. Many of those who first ministered to the sick in Decatur County were not graduates of any medical institution, and would not to-day be recognized as compe- tent physicians; but they exercised what knowledge they had in the interests of suf- fering humanity, and deserve credit for what they did. As the county grew in population, the number of physicians in- creased, and in a few years all the settlers had reliable medical advisers within a short distance from their homes. Fever and ague was the chief complaint, and by far the most frequent among the early settlers. It was especially prevalent in the region lying along Grand River. Aside from this disease, from which lew pioneer settlements in the West were ever entirely free, there was little sickness. The early settlers were generally men and women of strong constitution and robust health. They never called a doctor unless their symptoms were alarming, but instead relied upon the efficacy of herb teas and other simple remedies. Had it not been for fever and ague, doctors would have had but little to do. That disease disappeared as the country improved, and now few por- tions of the country can boast of a health- ier climate and population than Decatur County. No great epidemics have ever visited the people. There is nothing in the condition of air and climate to cause dis- ease ; and the present generation is free from inherited taints, and blest with good habits and vigorous health. The physicians of Decatur County have generally been men of more than average ability in their profession. Not a few have been of culture and extensive scholarship. The present practitioners are almost with- out exception reckoned among the most honorable citizens, and in their professional character are possessed of judgment, faith- fulness, knowledge and skill such as enti- tled them to rank among the most useful members of society. DtXATUR COUNTY MEUICAI. SOCIETY. This society was organized June S, 1875, the members present at that time being Drs. Chester, Stuart and Todd, of Garden Grove, and Sanford, Finlev, McClelland ♦ * ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦:♦ ■♦:♦: :♦♦ '♦♦ '■; * > ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦, !♦♦ :♦:;♦: '♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ .** :♦:.♦: :♦"♦■ ♦'♦' ♦ ♦■ :♦:♦■ >"♦' ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ >:*■ ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :♦.♦; :♦:♦: :♦:♦: :♦"♦: ;♦:;♦: :•':♦: :♦;♦: ;♦::♦: >;:♦: *:♦' ;♦::♦' :♦::* ;♦::♦; ;♦;.♦: ;♦::♦: >:* ** :♦:* *';♦! >■* ♦'* :♦'♦: :♦'♦! >■ ♦' >' ♦' ♦ > ♦ • .♦ ♦' ;♦"♦■ :♦"♦" :♦'* >.♦' '♦■*: .♦:♦: ♦ ♦: :♦;♦' ;♦:♦: .♦:.«: '*'.*'. ♦ ♦: .♦■:.* :♦:;♦: :«:>; -♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ♦::♦: •'::♦; • :♦: .+::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: ♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦>: :♦>: ♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;»: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; ;♦;•»•; ♦::♦; ■♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; *::♦: ♦:•»: ;♦:*; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ♦"♦; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ■*:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦; ;♦::♦: .♦:♦; ♦:*: »:.♦: »:;♦; >::♦: '-;>: ■;•»; >:;♦: ♦:;♦; .♦::♦: ♦:;♦: ♦::♦; »::♦: ♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: *::♦: :♦::♦: ♦::♦; ♦;:♦; ♦::♦: ♦::♦: *:♦; »:;♦: ♦;;♦; »::♦: ■.■♦: '■'.♦) ■■•;'♦: »:;♦; ♦:'♦: »::♦: 753 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. and Layton, of Leon. Dr. Todd was chosen temporar}' president, and Dr. Fin- ley the first permanent president. Dr. McClelland was vice-president, and Dr. Layton, secretary. Drs. Laney and Bone, of Decatur City, became members at the second meeting, when constitution and by- laws were adopted, and a fee bill selected. Regular meetings have been held month- ly, except during the severe weather of winter. At these meetings discussions and consultations are held for mutual improve- ment. Theses are read, and clinics fre- quently held. The permanent headquarters of the society are at Leon, but the month- ly gatherings are held at different places by turn, and an annual picnic is generally indulged in. For i8S6 J. B. Horner is President; H. Van Wcrden, Secretary ; H. C. Van Werden, Treasurer, and these three also act as censors. The present active membership includes — W. J. Laney, Decatur City; VV. A. Todd, Chariton ; H. C. Bone, Grand River ; M. Daniels, Terre Haute ; H. R. Layton, Leon ; J. R. Mc- Clelland, Leon ; R. D. Gardner, Leon;W. H. Todd, Van Wert ; A. Hamilton, Blockly ; VV. C. Wheeler, Davis City ; L. H. Sales, Leon ; H. Parrish, Decatur City ; E. C. Mason, Harding; J. B. Horner, Davis City ; H. C. Van Werden, Leon ; W. Van Werden, Leon ; E. W. Doolittle, Garden Grove; O. W. Foxwoi'thy, Weldon ; N.J. Hyatt, Van Wert; Enos Mitchell, Weldon. t'HYSICIANS OF THE COUNTY. Not a great many physicians have been residents of Leon, and those that have come have remained. Very few " tran- sients " can be enumerated. Samuel C. Thompson came to the coun- ty in 1851, and was a prominent figure in the early history of the county. He was a native of Ohio, but came here direct from Davis County, Iowa. He practiced medi- cine more or less, but always successfull}'. during his twenty years 'residence. Dur- ing this time he was for several )^ears county judge, and for some time treasurer. Though not a graduate, he had consider- able native ability. J. R. McClelland located atLeon in 1853, and has practiced continuoush* since, a third of a century. W. J. Laney stopped at Leon a couple of years, in an early day, and then fixed his residence at Decatur City, where he has been in practice since. '*,He has served one term as representative from *Decatur County, in the General Assembly. L. H. Sales, one of the ^best known of Decatur County pioneers, practiced to some extent in early 3'ears, but has given his attention mostly to other business, be- ing for a quarter of a century proprietor of the Sales House. He has also traded to some extent, and was at one time count)- judge. John P. Finley was a native of Ohio, but came to Leon from Galena, Illinois, in the spring of 1854. He was an able ph>-sician, and earned an enviable reputation during his long residence in DecaturCounty. He was examining surgeon at Des Moines dur- ing the war, and died in March, 1883. C. P. Mullinnix has practiced for thirty years, in or near Leon. Robert D. Gardner, a botanic physician, has also been in Leon about thirty years, in continuous practice. G. W. Baker located at Decatur City in 1858 or 1859, b"t is now living a mile north of Leon. He devotes his attention chiefly to agriculture. B. F. Raiff, an eclectic, came to Leon be- fore the war, during which he was in the service as assistant surgeon. About 1869 he removed to^Osccola, where he is now in practice. The younger ^physicians of Leon, in point of residence, are H. R. Layton, H. C. Van Werden and W. Van Werden. All :♦.>, :*:;♦: ;♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :•♦;;»: :«>::♦: :♦:.«: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::« :♦:!»: :♦:>: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; •♦:;♦: :<»:.4: :♦"♦: :♦:<»: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦:;♦: ♦::♦: ♦>: ♦:'♦: :♦::♦: :«:;♦: :♦:»: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; '»':>(. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :«::♦: W.'if. :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: »;:♦: :♦:.*: :♦:;♦: :♦:*: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: .♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; Hf.'f. ;♦:;♦" :♦"* :♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:••: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦!:♦: >:>; :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: ;♦;>; :♦:;♦; :♦:'* »: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦? ♦;♦: ♦;:♦: *■,♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:>: >:.♦' ■♦:♦ ♦ < ;♦=* *rM »: :♦:;♦: »: :c«i »: >"*'. ;«* :c«i :c«i :♦>; :♦;:••> ;«:>: >:«: ;<♦: :♦'••! :♦>: :«♦: >:« :«« :<♦: :c«i :c«> *»: :c«! :*::♦: :c* »: >x« :♦::« >::♦: :«:« :«x*: :«x« :«»: :c»: :«;« »x* ♦X«i »x« :*x* :'»x« :«»; :«£>: ic*: ic*: :c«: '1I>.W. :♦;:«! IKIV. :*x« :«:« re*: ;c«: ;♦>: :«»: :«»: »x«: »x«: ;«r*: i»x« :«»: »:♦: »x»: :«.:•' ;♦ - J'JfOF£SS/ONA L. 758 are in high standing^, and have extensive practice. A physician named Macey was at Pleas- anton a number of years, in early limes. He removed to Missouri after the war, and died. His son is now in practice at the same place. Another early physician of Pleasanton was Dr. Burns, who died there after a few years. Elijah Glendenning, for the last thirty years a prominent physician, resid- ing at Lineville, Wayne County, studied with Burns, ami practicc: >x»' >x»: :•;:♦: >:!♦: »X»! >x* 55 :♦:♦ >x*: :*:♦■ »; i»X* »x*: KfJf. !»x*; *:♦: *>; •♦X*; ;*»: •»x* *>: m :♦> »x»; »x«; ic*: :c»: :«:♦: »x*; ■♦X* :c*: »x« :c*; :*>; :c*: :*x« :*x*: :*>: :«x«: j»x*: >x* :♦:♦; %>: :*:♦; :*x*: »X«i ■♦X*: :*»; :c* »x* :c* :*x*; :*»: :«:♦: :«;« !»x«: :♦>: ;♦:♦. :*x« :«x»; >.:•: i»X« »x« :«x*: »x* ^x*: :♦'♦: :*::♦: *:♦: ♦'* :♦:;♦; *x* »x*; :♦:♦: *x* *:*. ♦"♦■ ■*'*■♦♦,*♦♦» »♦,•▼■*.■▼,•,♦,■♦,*,■• ^- ^- -V. •^. !^- .▼. .▼. .*"• -▼. ■^. .▼. ▼- ^▼- ^. ▼. .▼ "^- -▼. ^ .▼■. ^- -▼- .*■. .^. -■'^ ^. .▼ ▼ ▼. ."•■ ."• ♦ -> ♦.'♦. .*:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: • * :*:♦; :♦;>: :♦::♦: »::♦: .♦::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::* ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: •»::♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;<«:♦: :♦;»: ■tf.'if. :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:•»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>: ;♦"♦: v.w. :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: >::'»: :♦;;«; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:.♦•: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦;:♦: ;♦"♦; 754 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. 0. W. Foxvvorthy came in 1884, and is now here. Enos Mitchell has been at Weldon since 1880. L. P. Greenlee, from Promise City, Wayne County, located here in 1882, and deals in drugs, besides practicing medi- cine. 1. O. Day was the first physician at Davis City, and remained about two years. His son-in-law, named Murphy, practiced here one year. N. M. Smith was here two or three years, and is now in Kansas. J. B. Horner has been in practice for about ten years. J. H. Barber was here some years ago, then went to Kansas, and in the autumn of 1885 returned, and resumed the practice of medicine. W. C. Wheeler, from Pleasanton, has been here for about three years. At Lamoni the first physician was named Bissell. The present practitioners of Lamoni are four in number : J. W. DeMoon came in 1880; J. J. Stafford in 1882; J. H. Hansen in 1884, and D. D. Steiner in 1886. >,:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:>. :♦;>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦>; '♦)> :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :«.;♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;% :♦:>; :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦. :♦;:♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::< :♦::«. >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :«;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;»: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦:»; :«:♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •c« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦;:♦: !«:♦: »>: ,.>::« .♦»;:« i.**">-«:.*."«i,w-«i!iiSy»if%:^%v«.-» •♦•♦:« ♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦♦-♦■♦:»-»:♦:♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ « ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ » v* ♦ v«« «-v* *-»-»y^°f>-»>jfii.-A .♦;.♦: >;♦: :«« ;♦;:••> :•>: :♦>: »>: ♦>: ♦j»> :♦::♦: :♦:♦! :<«: tKfi :♦:♦: :c*: :♦:«! ♦>: ♦>: •r« 4r« :*>: 4>: *>: *>: ♦-♦: :«>: *"♦: •»::♦: ♦>: ♦»: *>: ♦:♦: «»: ♦>; ♦>; :♦>: :♦:♦! ♦:♦: .*>: :«>: :<♦: :♦>; ♦>: ♦:;♦: ♦:♦; :♦:♦; ;♦>: ♦>: ;*>: ♦;♦; ♦:♦: ♦;;♦; ♦>: ♦'♦; ♦>: ♦"♦: :♦"♦; ♦:;♦: ♦:;♦: ♦;*: •>: .♦>; ♦>: ♦?! :♦:♦: ♦>: •>: ♦x»: ♦>: ♦>; ♦>; :*.♦; ♦;,♦: ♦-♦: *■:*: *■>'. •"♦; ♦» .♦>; ♦;*" ;♦"♦; .♦>; *-♦; :♦>; ♦:♦: <♦: ^ ♦-♦; MISCBLLA NEO US . 75S MISCELLANEOUS. I ^-1 ^.. i M'^^S^ i*'^^-^;^^^'^^'* 51 ry^ >--' - l^?^*^ »^»'ti4»'»Si>'|S^lis»'lSi'd(»5 •^SOIL^«^ (he soil is dark alluvial, very flexible, easily worked uniforml)- rich and remarkably productive and versa- tile. When thor- oughly pulverized and frequently stirred this soil holds moisture in an as- tonishing manner through themostsevcredrouths. The land in Decatur County, with the exception of creek bot- 'toms and bluffs along a few of the streams, is rolling, Not often rolling enough to cause tiie soil to " wash " but enough so that the land drains perfectl}-, and is fitted for the plow very soon after a rain. This is a condition that is highl}' ap- preciated by farmers from Illinois or Indi- ana, where they are unable to enter their fields for weeks at a time. No stagnant ponds, or wet marshy lands are found in the whole county. The soil of Iowa is famous the world over. "Are rich as the prairies of Iowa " is a proverbial expression. Perhaps there is no soil in the world for which nature has done so much. Its waxv fatness viclds the most luxuriant growth of vegetation. Its great depth enables the farmer practically to double his acres from time to time by SI plowing twice as deep. Its freedom from stumps, stones and inequalities permits the numerous labor-saving machines which every year brings forth to be used with ease and economy upon almost every acre of its broad extent. WATER ADVANTAGES. No county in the State is better watered or has a more thorough drainage ; every township being supplied with one or more of the principal streams, while the small affluents traverse nearly every section. Good, pure well water is found in abun- dance at different depths, from fifteen to seventy-five feet, according to location; generally at a shallow depth. The creeks, which are fed by springs, and seldom stop running, are not often more than two or three miles apart, thus making stock water very convenient. Every little water-course here has more or less TIMUER along its banks, while principal creeks have large bodies of oak, walnut, elm, hickory, ash, Cottonwood, etc. A great many wal- nut logs have been cut in this and adjoin- ing counties and shipped to England. And early settlers made many a mile of rail fence from walnut, not then dreaming of its future value. That people in the East may know how plentiful wood is here, we :♦.♦. !«:♦: 3r« %m «:♦: »:% .«:« :♦:♦: :♦:* :♦::♦: :«.4: »:>; :♦::••; %»; :♦>: ^. mv. »::♦: mv. :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>: :♦::■»; :♦;:♦; .«:« !•':;<»: :♦>; :«':'. :♦::♦. .♦:♦■ :♦;••; ■»x*. :♦::•: ■♦."♦' :♦:♦. '♦'♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦. i ♦ c ♦ ♦ » ♦* K^ :*n»: «♦:;♦: :c* :♦:♦: *♦' :♦>; :♦;:♦'. :<* m ♦ « ♦>"«'v*~*'>v-.fv>"*v>"'»*'¥vvv:v'<»v**''»'vvvvirv«»»'»r»»T»**'' 756 'recuse*;;" ■»"♦::♦>: HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. ;♦•■ :♦::♦; >:;♦; ;♦;>; :o, ■> ;♦:'• :♦>' ;♦:> :♦::» :♦;:♦ :♦::♦; :♦;:♦. ;♦:;♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦:>; :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦ :♦;:♦; *:♦. ;♦>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦•; :♦::♦: ;■♦::«; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦. % :♦;♦; !»::* :♦:>■ :♦;:♦ ;♦:> :♦.:<■ *:♦! ;♦::♦. :♦.:♦; :♦::♦ >;< ;♦.:«. :♦::♦ »::♦, :♦::♦: :♦;;♦, ;♦.;♦: :♦;>, *;♦, :♦;:♦. »;:♦ :♦;:♦: *;> :♦;:♦. »;:« :«;4: :♦:;♦ :♦:♦ :♦::♦ :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: »;:« *:♦• :♦'♦ mention the fact that cord-wood sells at different places in the count}', according to distance from timber, at $1.50 to $4.00 per cord. Artificial groves are becoming numerous on the uplands, growing into fire-wood in a few years. The fuel ques- tion is, therefore, not a vexing problem in Decatur County. BUILDING MATERIAL. Good stone is found in various parts of the count}', and plenty of sand is found in hillside deposits and along creek bottoms. Clay for brick can be had in abundance, and limestone abounds in several of the southern townships. PRODUCTIONS. The crops of this county include a great variety of grains, vegetables, fruits, etc., all of which return an abundant yield to the thorough farmer. Wheat is not a standard crop. Rye is a sure crop, and highly prized for early and late pasturage. Corn is the great king of all crops in this county, about half of the cultivated land being usually planted with that cereal. The crop of corn is largely fed to cattle and hogs within the county. Large numbers of fine hogs may be seen on almost every farm, while good cattle are usually fattened every winter by farmers in every neigh- borhood. Oats, barley, flax and broom- corn are all grown with profit by good cultivators. Millet, Hungarian, sorghum and all the field and garden vegetables are grown in profussion by ordinary cultiva- tion. But what a country it is for grasses ! Prairie grass in scores of varieties can be found on the wild ranges, and are of in valuable aid to the stockmen from April to August, being equally valuable for pastur- age or hay. But tame grasses, the imperial blue, timothy, clover and other varieties are marching to the conquest of the whole country. STOCK. Good grades of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs are found on every farm. This re- gion invites ambitious herdsmen. At present prices of land there are fortunes in sheep and cattle-breeding, grazing and feed- ing to any and all who have the good sense, taste and ambition to pursue this noblest calling among men. One important fact, not generally known, is, that foot-rot does not prevail among sheep of Decatur Coun- ty, and in sheep brought from other sec- tions and thus afflicted the disease soon disappears. This is a matter of vast im- port, and the future promises great results in sheep-husbandry. The county is capa- ble of sustaining hundreds more of cattle and sheep-growers without interference with general farminsf. The number and value of the live stock of the county will be found on the page table devoted to live stock of the State. FRUIT-GROWING. The apple, cherry and smaller fruits of the garden rarely fail to reward the care- ful grower with abundant crops. That this is a natural fruit country is shown from the abundance of wild fruits to be found in all the groves. This is a natural vine region ; standard domestic grapes are growing in great profusion at a trifling cost. For size, flavor and color they are equal to any grown in the islands of Lake Erie, or on the Hudson and Ohio rivers, and never fail of a bountiful yield. There are many orchards, vineyards and patches of small fruit in the county worth a day's journey to see ; and fruits of richer hue, finer texture or more delicious flavor are not grown anywhere in America. HEALTHFULNESS. As to the healthfulness of our State there can be no question. According to the re- ;♦ • .♦,;♦ :♦.:♦" :♦"♦; >::♦' :♦:>■ :4>" :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦. >:>: W< :♦.:♦: :♦:;♦ :♦:♦ ;♦::♦. :♦::♦; :♦::« ;<:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;>: ;♦::♦: >■> ;♦.:* >::♦: :♦;:♦: >:»; :♦::♦: W< :♦;:♦. :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦:»: >:;♦' :♦:>: :♦::♦ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦. :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :«♦; :♦;*■ :♦.:«: :♦;:♦ :♦::♦ ;♦;:♦ :♦:;♦; :♦::« »;:♦: :♦;»: :♦::'••: :«5»: :♦> :♦• >:v :*:< :♦.> :♦.» ;♦::♦. :«;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦ :c» :♦:;♦ :♦::* :♦;;♦ :♦::♦ :«:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.*■ :♦;> »;:♦ :♦::♦ :♦::♦ :♦::♦ :♦;■» * ^> ,«» * .♦:.♦ :♦;;♦ :♦> ;♦'■* *:♦.:♦ » MISCELLANEO US. 757 ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦■> *.♦. >:;♦. :♦;* >:.♦. *.♦ ;♦"♦ :♦> :♦> :♦:> :♦:;♦ :*>: :♦"♦ ■♦ '• * V .♦.♦ :♦> » :♦;> >::♦ ;♦:> :♦.:♦ :♦.:♦. :♦"♦: :♦::♦. :♦>: :♦:;♦: ;«:;* :♦>. :♦::*: ■*■♦ ♦ ♦ :♦,:« :♦> >;:♦, :*;> :♦::♦. :♦::♦. :♦::♦: :♦::♦. :♦;:♦ :♦.:♦ »;:♦ :•;:♦ :♦> :♦.* :♦.:♦ ».:♦ :♦;:♦ !»::♦. :♦:;*: :♦;:♦ :♦;:♦ »;:♦; <♦♦ ♦ ♦ :♦♦ :♦..♦ ;♦:;♦ :♦::♦ :♦"♦ :♦ ♦ ♦:♦ ;♦. ♦ :♦:'♦ :♦». ports from the leading cities of Iowa made by the National Board of Health there are fewer deaths per thousand than in any other section of our broad land, with one or two exceptions. The air of Decatur County, located as it is at the highest point between the two great rivers, is per- fectly free from malaria. A fuller notice of the climate of Iowa will be found else- where. COUNTY ROADS. The road is that physical sign or sym- bol by which you will best understand any age or people. If they have no roads they are savages ; for the road is a creation of man and a type of civilized society. Here we have plenty of roads, generally located on section lines, and owing to favorable conditions of soil and subsoil are kept in splendid condition with but little labor. The roads dry off ver}- quickly after a rain. The sloughs are generally of solid bottoms, never making soft, bottomless holes, such as are common in the Eastern States. The streams are well bridged on all the princi- pal roads, and new bridges are being built whenever needed. There are but few times in the year when an average team cannot draw a heavy load over any of the roads in the county. COURT-HOUSE. The first court-house, at Decatur City has already been mentioned. The county seat was removed to Leon in May, 1853, and on the 12th of that month a court- house was ordered built. Peter C. Stew- art contracted to build it, the stipulated price being $1,650. For some reason he failed to discharge the contract, and at the June term of the county court, 1854, anoth- er order was made for a court-house to be built of brick, 24 .\- 40 feet, and two stories in height, with three rooms below for of- fices and one above for a court-room. A contract for the brick work and plastering was let to Arnold Childers, for the sum of $900, and for the wood work to F. Parsons, for the sum of $800. This building was in use when burned, with all its contents, exccjit the treasurer's books and moncj* (§34,000), March 31, 1874. It stood just south of the southwest corner of the square. For the next two or three years court was held in the Presbyterian church and in the Methodist church, while the county officers occupied rented quarters in a building on the north side of the square, still standing. The court-house now in use was built in 1S76 at a cost of nearly $1 5,000. The follow- ing year burglars blew up a portion of the building in attempting to wreck the treas- urer's safe. In this design they failed, but the building was damaged to the extent of S2,5oo. JAIL. In 1856, under the administration of Judge Kellcy, a log jail was erected at a cost of $1,800. It was well built and was used until 1884. It is yet standing. The jail now in use is of brick, and cost $12,000. It contains two cells within the cage and two outside, and is considered a safe and well-built prison. It is at the corner of Eighth and Idaho streets, near the north- east corner of the square. POOR KAKM. The county's farm of 160 acres was purchased January 4, 1866, on motion of S. P. McNeill, of High Point, forS2,700. It is situated on section 14, Eden Town- ship, and was owned l^y D. B. Gammon. His residence was enlarged and fitted up for an infirmary. In the autum of 1878 a frame addition was built, as an insane hospital, at a cost of $2,000. W. Cole was contractor. It is 26 x 44 feet in size. ♦ ♦ .♦.♦ ;♦:♦ ;♦♦ ♦ « .♦,.♦ ;♦:* :♦:♦ :♦.♦ :♦:♦ :♦> ;♦ • ;♦ ♦ :♦ « ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ,♦ ♦ ♦ » ♦ ♦ ♦ » ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ ♦ < ♦ ♦ .♦..VI :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦■: »: :♦;;« »r« re* '♦>; :*::♦: m m KM '4*1 •«>; »: :♦;« '*:« .♦>; :♦;:♦; :«:« :♦:« :<« :«« 'KM >"♦: ;♦;:« MM ■.*7M KM :♦;;♦; ;<•« KM KM KM KM KM KM KM KM .KM KM KM ■KM :«*! :«« !KM KM KM KM KM KM KM KM >::♦; ■■:M •;♦; KM KM KM KM KM CM ■M ■ ♦: "M >;:« *:m >;;♦; >;♦: < >: ■•.♦; >,:♦; ''.« >.:♦; ■»:;♦: ►::« -:« >:.•»; -•♦: ►;;« •:« ♦;:« ►::♦•; >,:♦: ■-.■♦: 758 IlISTORT OF DECATUR COVNTT. EDUCATIONAL. That people which has the best books and the best schools is the best people ; if it is not so to-day, it will be so to-morrow. These words, from the pen of the French educator and statesman, Jule Simon, de- serve to become a household quotation the world over, for no more potent nor ex- pressive truth was ever uttered. Of course, all progress and education are not derived from the stud}' of books, and, as Hosea Ballou has said, " Education com- mences at the mother's knee," and every word spoken within the hearing of little children tends toward the formation of character ; but at the same time no other one agency is so powerful as the common school in developing a nation of self-gov- erning people. The citizens of Decatur County feel a just pride in their progress in educational methods, which have fully kept pace with the advancement in wealth and the develop- ment of material resources. As soon as the county was sufficiently settled to enable any neighborhood to open a school a school-house was provided, and the serv- ices of a teacher secured. Often a room of a private house was occupied, and some- times the deserted cabin of a squatter became a temporary school-room, in which the old-time masters, who worked on the tuition plan, flourished the rod and taught the rudiments of reading, writing and arithmetic. The first school-houses built were structures of the rudest kind, such as no pioneer would be content to occupy as a dwelling. Built of logs, with floors and benches of puncheons, with a huge fire- place and a stick-and-mud chimney, they were little calculated for comfort or con- venience. Window-glass was too expen- sive an article to be used in the construction of a school-house, and therefore greased paper was substituted for it. The writing- desk was a notable feature in every school- room. It generally extended across one end or one side of the room, and was made of a slab, held in its place by wooden pins. For architectural effect, probably, certainly not for convenience, it was fastened high up on the wall, and the pupil, in order to use it, must climb upon a high wooden bench and sit there without a support for his back or his feet. Of the qualifications of the teachers of those days the less said the better. Many were accounted good teachers who, in these days, would be unable to secure a certificate even of the third grade. Yet the most of them' put to the best use the little talent and less training they had, and succeeded in planting good seeds in the minds of their pupils. Some of the best minds this county has produced were those of men whose whole school education was received in the log school-houses of pioneer days. The progress of education here is only a miniature reproduction of what has taken place more slowly among all civilized na- tions. In recent years improved methods of mental culture have aided the teachers in securing better results. The primary object of educating children is not that they ma)' escape labor thereb)', but that they may labor more intelligently. Chil- dren should be taught that employment leads to happiness, indolence to misery, and that all trades and professions whereby an honest livelihood is obtained are honorable. Risfht living is the end to be achieved, and it is the workers that do the most good in the world. The man who constantly and intelligently thinks, is above temptation. The women who honorably labor in the various trades are to be preferred and hon- ored above those who sit with folded hands. It is education that makes duty more apparent, lessens toil and sweetens life. It is by true education that the moral ■JfX»lKi'':KJKJt^JrJrJ^•'J^~A:KJ^'J'^^^^ >»- »:.♦■. :♦:>: w KM Wi ;♦:;« »: :♦>; ;**; KM :♦"♦: ■KM. 'KM. 'KM ;♦«♦; :♦::♦: 'KM. 'KM 'KM 'KM. 'KM 'KM W- 'KM 'KM 'KM. 'KM 'MM 'KM MM 'MTM 'MTM KM. :«>: :♦>: 'KM 'MfM KM :♦::♦: :«»: :♦>: 'M'M 'KM 'M'M 'KM 'MM 'M'M 'M'M :♦>: 'KM 'm:m 'KM :c« 'MM 'KM 'MTM W- ■KM 'M'M 'KM 'KM. :♦>: :♦>: 'KM 'M'M 'MM »; :♦;»: ;♦::♦: »x« »: »: 'M'M MM 'MM 'Mp. 'KM 'MM 'MM 'M'M 'M'M 'M'M 'MM 'MM 'M'M 'MM 'KM 'MM M'M. K'M 'MM 'MM 'MM 'MM 'KM 'MM 'MM 'MM MMM MMM- *■ •• *•••*• f^ww-w-w.-w.w.www^ w^w •w.w^^^.w^-w--w^--r rr.wjw.-w.:w y--^ T- j ' r r r r^.w^.W- T-rjr-jr-»..' .♦> .♦* >>■ '♦:,'♦: >> « ♦ .♦> ». »: >;;♦) :♦>: ;♦;:♦; »! »>' ;♦:>: >:>: :♦>: :♦:>: ;♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦:♦: >::*: >:;♦; :♦:« :♦:;♦; '♦::♦: ;*x*; :♦:■•! :♦'■,♦; ,♦ ♦ >.♦ ;♦.,♦. >:>: :♦;:♦; >:;♦: >;>: >:>: :♦::« ;*"^' :♦::♦: >::« >:« :♦;:«■ »; :♦.;♦: :*>. :♦:* ;♦;«! re* :♦::« :«:« >r* :♦>: :♦:♦: :♦;♦: :« * ;♦:.♦. :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::« :♦.:«> :♦::« »;;« :«»« ;«»; .♦♦, .♦..♦. >„♦. :♦:♦; :♦,:♦' :♦::* ;♦.♦: :♦:>: :♦:♦: !♦♦: :♦ ,♦. :♦♦: :♦.«! »::♦: »"« <•■♦' :♦ ♦, ;♦ V * ♦ MtSCELLA NEO VS. 769 responsibilities of the human family are better understood. Methods are now sought for and fol- lowed in the school-room. The child's character and capacity are better under- stood now than in the pioneer days. The rod is laid aside, and children are no longer forced, under the lash, to order and ap- parent studiousness. Fretful and cruel teachers are givmg way to those who love children, and again will mankind draw nearer to the millennium through the in- fluence of the law of love. In this age better attention is paid to the hygiene and ventilation in the school-room. Houses are lighted, aired and warmed in a rational manner. Since the introdution of the "automatic" school desks there need be no more disagreeable seating in our school-room. The inventor of this desk will have a reward in the blessings of the countless thousands of healthy men and women who, in this generation, as chil- dren, are comfortably seated in many of our best schools. New and better studies have been added to the course of study in our common schools within the last decade. Now, the child is taught to apply what he learns, directing his course of study in the line of his mental activity, cultivating the good and restraining the evil propensities. The time was, not far back, when only a limited knowledge of " reading, 'riting and 'rith- mctic," could be acquired in the common schools. The highest aim of the youth of the pioneer days was to write a fair hand, spell orally, and solve mathematical puz- zles. This age is moving in a better edu- cational sphere. The change was, of course, gradual. It was a long struggle of ignorance and bigotry against education, in which the latter has been crowned the victor. But few teaciicrs cling to the old theory. Little by little they are growing away from the old system. A few teach- ers who do not improve are yet votaries at the shrine of their idols — the birch, the dunce-cap and otiicr old-fashioned methods. But, "Too weak the sacred bhrlne to guard," they must soon yield to the new education, and enter the conflict against error and for a better educational life. In this struggle for belter methods, opinions, covered with age and honors, have been marchefl off the stage of human action and supplanted by facts and princi- ples which have cost years of toil to dis- cover, and more years to establish. To the close student and observer this theory is new only in its application to our schools. It is the normal or natural method. This is the theory of education that antedates all others. The ancients taught by ob- jects, when bnt few of the most wealthy men of that day could afford books. In fact, text-book knosvlcdge is a new thing to the world. The first teachers gave in- struction orally. They were, by the force of circumstances, independent of text- books. To this excellent plan has been added the written method. Then, it was principally by observation that the pupils received instruction. By placing the ob- jects before the pupils the teacher could easily reach their minds by his lecture. In this age blackboards, spelling-tablets, slates, charts and other school apparatus arc in general use in our best schools. In the schools of to-day, it is through the eye that a mental picture is for med from the printed page which children draw upon paper or boards from the ends oi their lingers. Well-qualihed teachers do not think of depending upon text-books at their recitations, but rather imitate the ancient normal methods. In order to meet the de- mand for better-qualified teachers, normal training schools have been established in this and other States. The teachers' in- stitute is also an outgrowth of the demand ». » :♦:♦ >♦ :*♦, » > ♦ • ♦ » :♦:♦ >> ;♦ » > * :♦ ♦ :♦::♦; »;:♦ ;♦.:♦: ». :♦>: >:> :♦.:♦. ;♦..♦ :♦> i»> 'm. !•;>; >;♦ >.♦ :♦:♦ >> ■(♦:♦ :♦:> !♦:> !♦•♦ ;♦ V .♦.» >..♦. »;♦; '♦♦ :♦ ♦ :♦♦ :♦.;♦ ».♦ !»> »> :♦':♦ ;♦>, :♦.:♦. :♦>: :♦:» :«> l^. !•> ;♦:♦ !•;♦ » ;♦>. !•:♦ .'•-♦. !•".♦. »::♦: :♦:♦: :♦♦; :♦';•: »♦: :♦"♦; ».;♦: :♦>; »:♦, !*:'♦ :♦'♦■ ♦ ♦ « * :♦■«; 760 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. * •■-. :♦;:♦: ;«•»: :♦:;♦: !»::♦: .♦::♦: *::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: «:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;>; :♦:>, as*: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: »;;♦; :♦:'*: ;♦;>: *:;♦' •»:;♦: ••;>■ :♦::*, :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:■<►: *^ :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:»: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦;>; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; ?♦:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;»: :♦>: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: ♦:♦; :«:♦: :<♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦:;♦: :♦:!»: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: >"♦: i^ ;♦;•►: ^^ >::« :♦::♦: ;'«;♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;*: :♦.:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;■! for teachers of a higher standard. Now, true education is admitted to be the draw- ing-out and developing of that which the child already possesses, instead of the old crowding theory of pioneer days. There is perhaps no question which can so deeply interest the people of a county as that of obtaining teachers of known and tried ability. In the period of the early settlement of Decatur Count}' almost any- one could teach. That time, with all of its rude school appliances has rolled away. The claims of to-day can no longer be met by appliances of even a decade ago, for ex- perience is beginning to show that teach- ing, like every other department of human thought and activity, must change with the onward movements of society, or fall in the rear of civilization and become an obstacle to improvement. The educational prob- lem of to-day is to obtain useful knowledge — to secure the practical part of edu- cation before the ornamental, and that in the shortest time. In truth, a free nation's safety is wrapped in the intelligence of its citizens. Only an educated people can long sustain a free republic ; therefore it is the duty of the State to educate that her free institutions may stand through all ages as sacred and endeared monuments of the enlightened people. Education sweetens and hedges in the family circle and drives away frivolity and gossip from a community, protecting the members from the inroads of vice and im- morality. It is the strong bulwark of edu- cation that binds the nation of 56,000,000 people together for advancement that she may shine in the near future the brightest star in the constellation of governments. Rapid strides have been made in education within the last half century, but the field of improvement is yet boundless, and the work of education must still go on, and make perhaps greater changes than those from the time when "The sacred seer with scientific truth In Grecian temples taught the attentive youth, With ctasless change, how restless atoms pass From life to life, a transmigrating mass," to that of to-day, when men's thoughts are directed to the investigation of what they see around them. We owe our present free-school system, of which we are justly proud, in no small degree to the influence of the teachers' in- stitutes and associations held in the State. Our school system is, in fact, the pro- duct of the meetings of these organiza- tions. Of course the discussions and exercises of these educational gatherings were at first generalin their character ; and this is to some extent true of the State As- sociation yet ; but county teachers' insti- tutes have a specific purpose — the better fitting of teachers for the school-room. Nothing helps more than a good insti- tute to give teachers a proper appreciation of the responsibilities which rest upon them ; nothing does more to give them arv enthusiasm for their work, a love for it, and an earnest desire to find out and use diligently the very best methods for in- structing children. Indeed, as a rule, those teachers who attend institutes are the ones who become most faithful, dili- gent and efficient in the school-room. Mingling with those engaged in the same calling, they receive their sympathies, and the benefit of their experience. They learn, perhaps, to think better of their pro- fession than ever before ; come to appre- ciate fully the nobleness there is in it ; and when they go back to their school-room again it is with a determination to be suc- cessful in the truest sense, however much labor it may cost them. An institute is in some sense a short term of school, in which a few points in the common branches, such as are not usually well understood or well taught by teachers, are seized upon and presented by ;♦;:♦; :♦';♦: :•».)»; ♦:':♦: ■y V :•>:>; *:♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; ;*♦: ;♦;>; :♦::♦] :♦;>: ;♦>: ;* .> >:;♦: ;♦:;*■ :♦:>: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; >::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« ;♦:;•« »«"^ :♦::« :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::<•< :♦:*: :♦:>; ;♦:>: :♦::♦■ *A :•»!:♦: :♦::♦: ■♦:;♦: :«::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*::« :♦;:« >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: ;♦;■*• :♦:>: :♦::♦: :«::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦;:« :♦:>: :♦-« :♦::« »::« :♦;:« :♦:>: :♦;:* :♦:■♦; :♦::«! ■' ♦;•€«;.*'*:♦ ♦ > ♦ ♦ ♦. ♦: ♦. ♦: •. ♦: *♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ '♦:♦: ♦:♦: ♦;♦: ♦:♦: ♦ ♦' ♦;'♦: *'.*: '*'.*'. ♦:♦: .♦:.♦: ♦:♦: ♦:♦: ♦.♦: •:.♦: ♦>: :♦>: *.♦: .♦:* ;♦!»: .*>: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :c« ♦::♦: »: '♦::♦: :♦>: *:♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;.♦; ♦;.♦; ;♦;.♦; :♦;.♦: .♦>: ■»:;♦; »>: »::'»; *::♦; !•::*; ;♦>; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦! :♦:.♦: ♦:>; :♦;♦; ♦;♦; *♦; :♦:'♦: :♦>; :♦;:♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; ♦;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: *:>; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ♦;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:♦: '♦;:♦; !♦:♦: .♦::♦: :♦:•♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦; .*;;♦: i^* :♦;;♦: '♦;>: ■•>. !♦. ♦. ;« * :♦:♦ :♦♦ :♦;♦. '♦♦ MISCELLA NEO US. TGI competent instructors. The best methods, not those which are simply new, but methods which have been proven by actual trial in the school-room, whether new or old, to be the best, are the ones aimed to be insisted upon by those who conduct exer- cises in the institute. Greater accuracy and thoroughness in the teaching of the common branches is evidently needed in many of our schools now ; and the institute is an important means for the attainment of this end. It is well, as is often done, to introduce a few general exercises, such as the reading of essays and the delivering of short orations, so that general intellectual culture may be encouraged ; for teachers ought not to be one-sided men and women. So much importance is attached to teach- ers' institutes by our best educators that in several cities teachers are compelled by the school regulations to attend the cit}' institute. In Chicago teachers must at- tend or forfeit their wages. The first school in Decatur County was taught by Mrs. Enos Davis, in the Davis cabin, at Garden Grove, in the winter of 1848-9. It continued three months, and was supported by tuition — $1.25 per month per scholar. The next school was taught at Garden Grove in i85i-'2, by Hiram Chase. In the summer of 1852 the school district of Garden Grove was organized. One of the oldest settlers well remembers that he would be taken on the teacher's knee, the letters pointed out to him with the teacher's pocket knife, and when he did not pay good attention the teacher would gently prick him in tlic forehead to retain his attention, and to aid him in remember- ing the names of the letters. Webster's "Ele- mentary Spelling Book "and the "Testa- ment" were the principal books used. The former was the established authority on orthography, and in after years it was con- sidered an honor attained by few to be able to spell all the words in that book. Many of the old settlers now greatly delight in narrating their experiences in these early spelling contests, commonly known as "spelling-schools," and look back with pride and pleasure to the evenings passed in this intellectual amusement. The spell- ing school is now seldom conducted, as the profit derived therefrom is nearly always overbalanced by other considerations. Spelling by writing is much better, and more productive of good results, and is rapidly superseding the oral method. The following statistics, taken from the latest published report of the superintend- ent of public instruction, are for 1884, and show with sufficient clearness the progress that has been made in educational matters in Decatur County : Number of district townships, 9; num- ber of independent districts, 51; number of sub-districts, 63 ; number of ungraded schools, 51 ; number of rooms in graded schools, 16; average duration, in months 6.9; male teachers employed, 46; female teachers employed, 178; average compen- sation, males, $36 ; average compensation, females, S-6 ; males between five and twen- ty-one years, 3,052 ; females between five and twenty-one years, 2,789; enrolled in public schools, 5,004; total average attend- ance, 2,986; average tuition per month, per pupil, $1.60; number of frame school- houses, 79; brick school-houses, 31; log school-houses, 3 ; value of all, $80,014; value of apparatus in library, $1,793 ; num- ber of volumes in library, 50; receipts, school-house fund, §8,056.59; paid for school-houses and sites, $2,954.92 ; paid on bonds and interest, §2,214.35; P'''*^' for other purposes, §243.13 ; on hand, $2,- 644.19; receipts, contingent fund, $11,410- .81 ; i)ai(l for rent and repairs, §1,643.92 ; paid for fuel, $2,144.96 ; paid for secretaries and treasurers, §943. 37 ; paid for supplies, §500.40 ; jjaid for insurance and janitors, §534.97 ; paid for other purposes, $2,185.50 ; » » > ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ » • « ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ » ♦ ♦ * ♦ ♦ ♦ > ♦ ■> ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ * ♦ V ♦ * % ->;♦.**>■ J? "* + . » ♦' :*■- f-U^~'. >- >■- V > -*. -*"'* -f- .v. .'V. ,V. .5'..V, ,■*, .♦, >-, -T, .V. 762 HISTOR2- OF DECATUR COUNTT. ::♦; •■*::♦: :♦' - .♦: '■:♦■ >::♦: :*•::♦; >::♦: >::♦: «■:*: ->::♦; .♦::♦; »::♦: ;♦:>: *.:♦; ■»: .'.;♦: >>: :♦:;♦: .•^::*• .»:>: .<■ .♦. ^>;< :♦'*■ ;♦::♦: >•;♦: :♦:>: ■*;♦: >;;♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;»::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:« »;:« :♦:»: :♦:»: :♦'■♦: :♦;,*: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ."♦::♦: [*! ■»: on hand, $3,457.87 ; receipts, teachers' fund, $44,874.83 ; paid teachers, $29,420.04 ; paid for other purposes, $203.12 ; on hand, $15,251.67; males receiving ist-grade cer- tificates, 8; females receiving ist-grade certificates, 33 ; males receiving 2d-grade certificates, 17; females receiving 2d-grade certificates, 78 ; males receiving 3d-grade certificates, 3 ; females receiving 3d-grade certificates, 20 ; total number issued, 159; applicants rejected, 51 ; applicants examin- ed, 210; average age, males, 28; average age, females, 21 ; schools visited by super- intendent, 52 ; educational meetings held, 6; compensation of superintendent, $670. The normal institute was held at Leon, com- mencing August 4, 1884, and continued three weeks, with an attendance of 178 teachers. RAILROADS. Chicago, Burlington & Qiiincy. In 1870 the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad Company was organized to build a railroad from Burlington west. The Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad Company soon acquired a controlling interest, and the lines since built are commonly spoken of as belonging to the Burlington corpora- tion. The greater part of the main east and west line through Iowa was built dur- ing 1871, and at the same time a line was built from Chariton to Leon, under the name of the Chariton Branch. To obtain this branch line, of course, the localities in- terested had to " come down " handsome- ly. Over $80,000 was raised in Decatur county. Garden Grove Township gave $25,000, while Center gave $50,000, and the right of wa}' between Garden Grove and Leon. At Leon the road stopped eight years. In 1879 it was extended south to Bethan}', Missouri, the following year a branch was built from a point in New Buda Township, now called Bethany Junc- tion, through Mt. Ayr, in Ringgold Coun- ty, to Grant City, Missouri. This was done under the name of the Leon, Mt. Ayr & Southwestern, but really by the Burling- ton company. New Buda voted a five-per- cent tax, which yielded $27,000, and Davis City also voted a tax, besides the private subscriptions that were obtained. Grant City is still the terminus of the Mt. Ayr branch, but the Chariton Branch has been extended south from Bethany to St. Jo- seph, and north from Chariton to Des Moines. Thus a through line is made from Des Moines to St. Joseph, two passenger trains running each way every twenty-four hours. At Chariton connection is made for points east and west on the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy. The townships crossed in Decatur Coun- ty by the Chariton Branch & Leon, Mt. Ayr & Southwestern are Garden Grove, Center, Leon, Eden, Burrell, New Buda, Fayette and Bloomington. The sta- tions and distances from Chariton, Des Moines, Chicago and St. Joseph are as fol- lows : Chan- Des ton. Moines. Chicago St. Joseph. Garden Grove , 23 7S 395 119 Smiths 32 S7 36S no Leon 3S 93 374 '9^ Davis City 44 99 3S0 Bethany Junction 49 104 38s 93 Lamoni 5' 106 3S7 95 Tusweego SS no 391 99 The Burlington company operates 462 miles in Iowa, employing 6,071 men, in- cluding seventy-seven station agents. Humeston & Shenandoah. — This line was built in 1879 and 1880. The Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska extended its line to Van Wert, in Decatur Count}', and then turned over the line from Humeston to Van Wert to the Humestan & Shenandoah, which company then built on to Shenandoah. These two roads, with a line from Shenan- doah to Council Bluffs, make a continuous route from Keokuk to Council Bluffs. :*■>: >:;♦' :♦::♦; »; »: >:'* :♦::♦ ;♦::♦; :♦>; :♦"♦: :♦>: :♦::♦; »; >"♦: :♦::♦; :♦>: >::♦ >:;♦ ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: :♦>: :♦'♦: '*!*. »: :♦>; :♦>: »: :c«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :c* :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦>' :♦>: »: :♦> >;^: :*>: ;♦=♦; .♦>; :♦;>; »: :♦>: !»>: »>: :♦>: »>: :«> »: :♦>: »>: :♦:»: ;♦> »»; [♦>: :*;♦' :♦>: !♦*•: ». ;♦::«: »: s«»: »>: ;♦>; :♦'«' w:v. »::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦"♦: :«:« »>: :♦:* :♦"« •♦::♦: ;♦:;« ;♦::« :♦'* :«:« >^ tm m4 •» ♦ 1 ♦ ♦ :♦.♦ » :♦:>■ ;♦■♦• ♦ ♦ '♦ ♦ ♦'♦ ' + .♦ ♦ ;♦;* >■;♦: :♦-♦: ;♦:♦; .♦!* ♦ ♦ ■ ■> ♦ ♦ .4- .♦ .♦.,♦. ;♦:,♦; :♦>: :♦"♦ ;♦:.♦ .♦"♦ »; .♦::♦: :c*: :•::♦: :♦"♦: :♦"♦: >:♦ > ♦ ,♦>. ;♦>. :♦>: :♦>: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦>: »>: ;♦>: :♦>; »: >x»; :♦::♦: *:♦: »: »: :♦"♦; :♦>; :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: ;♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: :••;♦: ».:«: :♦::♦: :♦!>: >::♦: »; ;♦::♦: :♦ ♦ .♦,♦. ;♦.:♦. :*>: :«:♦: .<*:4: ;♦::♦: :♦:♦: ;♦'>; ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦ .♦♦ j* ♦; :♦.♦: :♦:♦: ♦3; »"♦: :«.:«; »;:♦; :♦:* ■♦"♦' « ♦ 4 •>■ Km^vU^.'Vhn ,-«^^«Jfc.^^»-X-X-T ^ ▼. .▼. .▼. -». .». .▼. T. .▼. .▼. .▼- .▼. .▼. .■' .T*X.T.»..-*-«F*' MISCELLANEOUS. 768 Franklin and Long Creek townships voted taxes in aid of the road through Decatur County, but with the understanding tliat the line would pass near the center of the township. It was, however, built along the northern border, and the townships re- sisted collection of the tax. Franklin gained its case, while Long Creek paid only enough to cover costs and attorney's fees. The line from Humeston to Shenandoah is 113 miles in length, and has nmeteen sta- tions. It crosses in Decatur County Gar- den Grove, Franklin, Long Creek and Richland townships, and has the stations of Le Roy, Weldon, Van Wert, De Kalb and Grand River. Des Moines, Osceola &• Southern. — This road, which is commonly spoken of as the " narrow gauge," was projected and built by Osce(jla parties, aided by liberal sub- scription and subsidies along the line. The company was organized at Osceola in 1880, with B. L. Harding as president, and Henry Stivers as vice-president and super- intendent. The project was not allowed to drag, as is often the case after the first enthusiasm has oozed out, but the prelimi- nary work was entered upon with vigor. The actual work of construction was be- gun in the spring of 188 1, and completed from Osceola to Des Moines in the summer of 1882. President Harding then removed to Des Moines. During this same year, 1882, the road was built south from Osceola to Decatur City, in Decatur County. There it stopped for some months, the officers of the com- pany seeming undecided which way to go. Decatur Township has contributed $20,- 000 in tax, and subscriptions besides. The following year, after the " bids " from local- ities interested were all in, the road turned a right angle and came to Leon, arriving October i, 1883. L«on gave $30,000, and also the right of way to the south line of Eden Township. In the spring of 1884 the line was started south again, and completed to Cainsville, Missouri. Eden Township gave $6,000, and Hamilton $11,000 and the right of way. Altogether Decatur Coun- ty paid $89,000 for this road. Although the road proved a convenience to the communities it ])asses through, still there was not enougli business to support it, and in April, 1885, it passed into the hands of a receiver, E. R. Mason, who is yet in charge. A suit is now pending to foreclose the mortgage on the road. A committee of the bond-holders has been organized to purchase the whole property, and if this is done, it is proposed to widen the gauge to standard, and extend the line to the Missouri River. The whole line at present is iii miles long, and has nineteen stations. It crosses in Decatur County the townships of Long Creek, Decatur, Center, Leon, Eden and Hamilton, and has the following stations, with distances from Des Moines: Van Wert, seventy-two ; Kingston, seventy- seven ; Decatur City, eighty-one ; Leon, eighty-seven ; Blockley, ninety-three. AGRICULTURAL. The best prosperity a countv can have is agricultural. Manufactures and mineral resources are desirable, but where they are the main dependence there will invariably be a poor, ignorant, unenterprising class of citizens controlled by a few capitalists. Here in Decatur County property is quite evenly distributed ; all are comfo tably situated, and all enjoy educational and social advantages. Decatur is destined to remain an agricultural county, and it is best so. As a farming regi >:* :♦>. :♦> :o :♦::♦ »: :♦::♦ » » :♦> :♦;;♦ », :♦:> » » :♦>. :♦> :♦> » » »: :♦>: :♦:♦: :♦> ;♦>: .♦>: v:* :♦::♦: !•:♦ » » ». :c* ;♦>: >.:♦ » :♦;♦ » » »: :«» :♦>: :♦* » » :♦.:♦ » :♦> :♦> <•» :♦:♦ »■;♦ ;♦:♦ .♦> :♦:♦ ;♦:;♦; ;♦"♦ :♦:# :♦-» :♦>: :♦;» :«»: :«;« >:;♦ ;♦■# •♦♦ ** 764 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. »>: W- :♦:.♦; :♦:;♦: »;:♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦; !♦':♦: :♦::♦: *<■* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>; »:.^: »::♦: :♦:>: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :<•;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:* ♦♦- :♦::♦: »;>: :♦;;♦: !♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: :♦>: »: >:'>: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: ;♦;;♦: .c«: :♦>: ;♦::«•: :«»: »::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:>; :♦::♦: :«;♦: !»::♦: :♦>: »;:♦: :♦:♦; :♦!:« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦!!»: >::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::«> :c« ♦"♦' velopment as is seldom found in a country comparatively new. Its wealth and pros- perity are steadily and rapidly increasing. When we consider that but two gener- ations ago the red men were the owners of these prairies which now support one of the most flourishing communities in the United States, we may well be astonished at the wonderful results which time and an intelligent industry have wrought. In many sections of our countrj^ lands which have been occupied by white inhabitants twice and thrice as long, exhibit not one- half of the improvements and substantial evidences of real prosperity that Decatur County can show. Nature did much for this region, and a thrifty and progressive people have admirablj^ co-operated with her efforts. Farms, buildings and im- provements of every kind are of unusual excellence in Decatur County. Numerous towns and villages scattered over the county furnish abundant and convenient trading points and home markets, while two railroad lines bring the larger Eastern markets within easy reach. DECATUR COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AND LIVE STOCK ASSOCIATION. The first two or three fairs were held before the war, but none were held during that troublous period. After the war the organization of a county society was re- vived, and fairs again held regularly. In 1875 a re-organization resulted in the forma- tion of the Decatur County Agricultural and Live Stock Association, as a stock compan}'. The capital stock was fixed at $6,000, in $10 shares, and 75 per cent, of this is now paid up. The property owned by the association consists of eighty acres, finely improved for fair and racing pur- poses, and is valued at between $6,000 and $7,000. It is located one mile north of Leon, and was purchased from U. L. Shafer and J. B. Lumbeck. The half-mile race- course is considered one of the best. An- nual fairs are held the third week in Sep- tember. The officers for 1886 are : John McKibben, President; D. G. Sears, Vice- President ; R. W. McConn, Secretary ; J. Hoffhines, Treasurer ; C. W. Barr, Will- iam Woodard, Alma Jackson, L. P. Sigler and P. Grifftn, Directors. AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS The following statistics are official, being taken from the State census of 1885 : Average number of acres in farm, 1 14 ; acres of improved land, 182,623; acres in cultivation in 1884, 122,867 ; acres of unim- proved land, 75,260; acres in pasture, 51,- 947; rods of hedge fence, 100,570; rods of barbed-wire fence, 347,216; rods of other fence, 556,133; acres of Indian corn, 46,- 064; bushels harvested, 1,457,938; acres of wheat, 890 ; bushels harvested, 8,557 I acres of oats 24,349; bushels harvested, 458,219; tons of straw, 7,673; acres of rye, 1,632; bushels harvested, 10,904 ; tons of straw, 686; acres of barley, 9; bushels harvested, 66; acres of buckwheat, 394 ; bushels har- vested, 3,847 ; acres of broomcorn, 54 ; tons of product, 113; acres of sorghum, 607; gallons of sorghum syrup, 49,360; acres of planted timber, 124; acres of natural timber, 42,914; cords of wood cut in 1884, 19,861; apple trees in bearing, 87,702; bushels gathered in 1S84, 53,625; pear trees in bearing, 445 ; bushels gath- ered in 1884, 49; peach trees in bearing, 1,094; bushels gathered in 1884, 25; plum trees in bearing, 760 ; bushels gathered in 1884, 150; cherry trees in bearing, 12,561 ; bushels gathered in 18S4, 2,980; other trees in bearing, 2,278 ; other trees not in bearing, 40,787 ; acres of vineyard, 608 ; pounds of grapes gathered, 17,142; gal- lons of wine made, 54 ; vines not in vine- yard, 17,286; pounds of grapes gathered, 81,845 ; gallons of wine made, 833 ; stands of bees, 2,120; pounds of honey in 1884, . .♦. ,♦. ,♦ -♦. .♦ ,♦-,♦.•. ■♦.•,♦. ♦. .♦. ,♦ .♦. .♦.♦.•,♦♦♦♦♦■♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ,♦' ♦ ■.♦ .♦ :♦:;♦; >::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦:;♦: »: :♦:»; • :«»: :♦::« »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: •»::♦: ':»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦«♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:»: :«:;♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ;♦>: »;;♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: ■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:.♦: »::« :♦:>: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦;;♦: :♦"♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::<••: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦; :c* :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :c* :♦;:« :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: >:;♦: :♦;>; ;♦;:♦: :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦; :«»♦: :♦>: >::♦: :<« >:;♦: ■♦i?s :♦:.♦: >::♦: ;♦;:« .♦:* MISCBLLANBO UH. 78* :♦:;♦; :*>: »:♦; »"♦: »:« :♦>: »>: :«>: :♦::♦: »!;♦: :♦:;♦: :*::« »;:« :«:>: :c* :«:♦: :«♦: «r« :*;♦: Vjf. :«•; :♦"♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: *^ :♦:« »"♦: ■*;* »>: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦>: :♦"«: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦>; ;♦::« ^ *>: ;♦>: j»3*- S*: :♦>: $*; »>: :«:«: :♦:.♦: :♦>: ;*::« :«;♦: *;♦; ♦:;♦: :*"«; ;♦:;♦: »>: ;♦:>: :«:♦: ;*::•: ;«;♦: :*::♦: 11,182; pounds of wax in 1884, 763; acres of clover, 536; tons of hay, 605; bushels of seed, 26; acres of Hun::♦: :*:>: :♦::«! 'm :♦::••! :«:>: :♦::♦: :♦:*• :♦:;* >;:♦: :c« :♦:«! ^^ >:>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; .♦:;♦; »::« MM v:m i:M i %M ;«:«; :♦>: ;♦;:♦: »::♦: :♦::* ♦::« !»::« :«:♦; m *■* *:•: .♦;;♦: :c«i :♦;•« »::« »:« .«:« »;♦: ♦:♦: ♦ * :♦;■>:.>-' »:>: :♦;:* :♦>; :«:« :♦::« »::♦: %»: »r« :♦:;•« :♦:;« »r« »x« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: »::« :♦:»: !♦■::♦: :♦::♦; !♦;:♦; »::♦: >:»: ;♦::♦: *::♦: >:<•! »>: »: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:.% :♦::♦: ;♦>: »: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; >:;♦: ;♦::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: *::♦: >"•»: ;♦;•♦. !«:« :«;« :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::« >r« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: v:m :♦>: :♦;:♦: »: »x« k« !♦«« :♦::« :♦>: k« !«!♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: Wi ♦ ♦: ;♦:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦>; :«"♦: :♦::♦; s»>: :♦:;« :<« P ■»■■♦; :■♦:♦: 766 HISTORr OF DECATUR CO U NTT. females, 20; native born, 14,545; foreign born, 538; born in England, 173; born in Ireland, 93 ; born in Germany, 76 ; born in Canada ; 59 ; born in Scotland, 44 ; born in Norway, 18; born in Sweden, 14; born in Wales, 10; born in France, 9; born in Denmark, 9; born in Holland,/; born in other countries, 26; married, 5,603 ; single, 8,991; widowed, 562; divorced, 27; born in 1884, 346; males between the ages of five and twenty-one years, 3,025 ; females between the ages of five and twenty-one years, 2,901 ; of native fathers, 13,403; of foreign fathers, 1,680; of native, mothers, 13,771; of foreign mothers, 1,312; subject to military duty, 2,585 ; entitled to vote, 3,589 ; illiterates over ten years old, 274 ; aliens, 44. NATIVITY BY STATES. Arkansas, 3 ; California, 30 ; Colorado, 7; Connecticut, 17; Dakota, i; Dela- ware, 8 ; Georgia, 4 ; Idaho, 6 ; Illinois, 945; Indiana, 1,073; Iowa, 7,985; Kansas, 90 ; Kentucky, 234 ; Louisiana, i ; Maine, 14 ; Maryland, 47 ; Massachusetts, 33 ; Michigan, 123 ; Minnesota, 24 ; Mississippi, 5 ; Missouri, 749; Montana, 9 ; Nebraska, 5 1 ; Nevada, 3; New Hampshire, 11 ; New Jersey, 43 ; New Mexico, 2 ; New York, 372; North Carolina, 42; Ohio, 1,567; Oregon, 4 ; Pennsylvania, 462 ; Rhode Island, 4 ; South Carolina, 3 ; Tennessee, 155; Texas, 5 ; Utah, 19; Vermont, 40; Virginia, 219; West Virginia, 33; Wis- consin, 100 ; Wyoming, 2. ASSESSMENT, 1 885. Acres of land, 334,256 ; value per acre, $6.14; value of land, $2,051,455 ; value of town lots, $312,959; personalty value, $927,688; railroads, $191,382; total valua- tion, $3,483,484. ♦»: »>: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: »;;♦: :♦;:♦: *;* :♦::♦: ;♦>; :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :«>»: »:;♦: :♦::«: :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: »>: :♦"♦: »>: »::♦: »>: .%;« :♦"♦; »"♦: :♦?*: ;♦;■♦; :♦>: :♦>: :♦>; WJf. ;♦;:« !k;« :♦>: :♦»: :♦>: »>: !«:♦: »::« VJf. »>: 'm :♦>: s»>: »::♦: ;♦::♦: »>: »:;♦: :♦>; »>: »>: »>; :«»; !»>: :♦»: »>: !♦>: WJi. »»: !»>: »: !«•-♦: »>; !»>: !»::♦: so; s»»: *>: f»>: »>: !»>; fe»: »; w>: (»:♦: (♦:♦: »>: ;** !«♦! .♦.,♦: .t;*..*-*^^^ vvr*vr'**vvvvv*-vvv-»>>-»->-*v'»>%-»>-»>>>-«-»>N>>-»* LEON. 767 » m m. :«« :*>: :«>: ;♦>; :♦:« :♦:«} :♦>: »: 'ffsa :<« :♦:«) :«•! :♦:« :♦>: :♦>: :♦:« :♦:♦: .«*«! ;«: :♦>! »: :♦>: :♦:« ■Mi I'M: :«>: :«»: :♦;« .«>: ;♦>: :♦"« :♦«♦; :«;« >>; :*>; ■/KM ;«w :«:« :«« :«:♦: :«;•! :«»: ;«£♦; »>: '«:«! :««; :«iK .♦"■■♦! !IE site of Leon was first surveyed for a town called Indepen- dence. There being anotlicr settlement of that name in Iowa, the name was changed to South Independence. This was its name when it be- came the county seat, in the spring of 1853. The Legislature in the winter of i854-'5, changed the name of the county seat to S^ V^ c\i Leon, in compliance with a ^(fj^'y^Jt petition of the citizens. The petition to the Legislature was drawn by a committee of the citizens of South Independence, consisting of S. C. Thomp- son, Dr. J. P. Finley and George L. Moore. Different names were suggested and among others that of Leon, by Mr. Moore, who had been to California and became familiar with it there. By an act of the Legislature, approved January 24, 1853, the location of the county seat can never be changed. It is said that Thomas H. East had built a house on the town site before the town was laid out. Judge Samuel C. Thompson built the first after the location of the vil- lage. The next residence was put up by Judge \V. W. Ellis, in the east part of town, and in it he sold the first goods ever displayed here. Other early comers were Reuben Shackleford and John \V. Warner. One Hadley built a store on the corner where now stands the opera block, and dealt in merchandise for a short time, then selling out to VV. W. Ellis. The next mercantile firm was Cleveland, Winn & Co., for whom I. N. Clark sold the first goods. This firm had had a store two miles south of where Leon is now, and were the pioneer mer- chants of Decatur County. John P. Fin- ley was also one of the first merchants of Leon. From this on Leon grew gradually but surely. It has never had a " boom " or period of feverish, temporary growth, but every one who has fixed his residence among the beautiful hills on which Leon is built has come to stay. Its location could hardly be improved. The citv is well laid cjut, the streets, alleys and public square being platted with regularity and precision. The public and private archi- tecture is alike creditable to the taste, enterprise and culture of the people The residences are cozy, attractive and home- like, and a few really assume metropolitan pretensions in their architecture and sur- roundings. The business blocks arc sub- .♦>; :♦>; .%>: :♦>; »: :♦>: »:« »: :♦>; :c« »>: »; :«>: :♦>; :c*: :♦>; :♦>: ;♦;:♦: :♦>; :♦>; »: »; ;♦>: »: :♦:♦: ;♦«♦; :<♦: :«♦; ;**; :♦::♦: :♦-♦: :♦>: >r«i :♦:* ;♦>: :«>: :«:♦: ;♦>; :«>! :«« »: »: »: :♦:* :♦"♦: :«»: »: »: :♦>; :«:♦: ••it* :♦»: ;♦::♦; »; .♦> :♦..♦; :•"♦; :•:;♦: .*>: :*>: »>: :♦>: /cut. :♦>: :♦:♦: .*:« :«ai ;•::«! :4C« »■■♦: ♦ o 768 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. »::♦: :♦;;♦: :•»;:•«•: :♦:■»: *;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦:■♦; :♦::♦: ;«■■■♦ >:♦' ;♦:.♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:.* :♦::♦: :♦»' :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; »;;« :♦:;♦: ;♦';•: :<■ '*-, :♦::*•. :♦;:♦: *■♦: '*::♦: :♦::♦: :■♦'.:♦. :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: I*;:*; :♦:♦; :♦:♦: :♦:;•»: :♦;;♦: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦"* ;♦"♦: :♦':*' :♦:>; ■*:*; :♦"♦; :♦"♦: >"♦: ;♦:;♦: >"♦' :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦ :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: !»::♦: »"«: !»::♦: :♦;:♦: »:♦ :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦!:*: :♦::«■: :♦;:♦ :♦::* :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:■»; :♦::♦: *::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;*: :♦:>: :♦•:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦"♦: :♦">• .*::♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦;;♦: !♦;:♦" (♦. ■ stantiall)' built, and in sidewalks it excels any town in Southern Iowa. In the center of the city is a large park set out to beauti- ful maple trees, which furnish a delightful shade, and in which are held public meet- ings, picnics and celebrations. Most of the business blocks are along Main street. POPULATION. By 1856 the population of Leon had reached about 600. It was nearly station- ary for a long period after that, and in 1870 had but 820, and in 1875 but 889. Railroad building, however, stimulated its growth so that in 1880 the population was 1,367. In 1885 it was 1,423. FIRES. Leon has suffered at times from disas- trous fires. The court-house burned in March, 1874. In the winter of i878-'9 the block of buildings on the west side of Main street, extending south from the southwest corner of the square, and known as "Rat Row," was totally destro3'ed. At the same time a brick building on the east side of the street succumbed. In April, 1884, the Varga Block burned. Leon has, as yet, no organized protection from fire. MUNICIPAL. The early records being lost, the officers of the municipality can be given for but the last thirteen years. 1874. — Mayor, M. A. Mills ; Councilmen, Q. M. Lindsey, W. J. Darr, G. D. Sellers, John W. Harvey and W. A. Kirkpatrick ; Recorder, J. L. Harvey ; Marshal, S. Pen- niwell ; Street Commissioner, A. Tharp ; Treasurer, Q. M. Lindsey. 1875. — Mayor, M. A. Mills; Councilmen, George Burton, M. H. Wood, Alex. Rog- ers, W. A. Kirkpatrick and J. L. Harvey ; Recorder, J. L. Harvey ; Marshal, M. R. Sanger ; Treasurer, W. A. Kirkpatrick ; Attorne}-, E. W. Curr)' ; Street Commis- sioner, John Abernathy. 1876. — Mayor, J. B. Morrison; Council- men, George Burton, A. Rogers, M. H. Wood, Philip Blind and W. A. Kirkpat- rick; Recorder, J. L. Harvey; Marshal, W. H. Fortune ; Street Commissioner, Garret Gibson. 1877. — Mayor, J. B. Morrison; Council- men, J. W. Harvey, N. Perdew, J. W. Keeler, Alex. Rogers and A. E. Chase ; Recorder, J. F. Penniwell ; Marshal, John Baker ; Treasurer, A. E. Chase ; Street Commissioner, John Kirkpatrick. 187S. — Mayor, John Kirkpatrick; Coun- cilmen, John W. Harvey, A. E. Chase, T. J. Hasty, C. E. Little and J. H. Woolen; Recorder, J. F. Penniwell; Treasurer, A. E. Chase; Marshal, A. J. Detrick ; Assess- or, Q. M. Lindsey ; Street Commissioner, J. H. Woolen. i879.^Mayor, J. L. Harvey; Council- men, J. H. Woolen, W. A. Kirkpatrick, C. E. Little, J. R. Bashaw, E. J. Sankey and Samuel Farquhar ; Recorder, J. W. Leeper ; Treasurer, J. R. Bashaw; Mar- shal, J. F. Wise ; Street Commissioner, John Holden. 1880. — Mayor, J. L. Harvey; Council- men, W. A. Kirkpatrick, Garret Gibson, A. E. Chase, Samuel Farquhar, W. J. Sul- livan and C. E. Little; Recorder, W. P. Wood ; Treasurer, A. E. Chase ; Marshal, Butler Ellis ; Street Commissioner, Tom Martin. 1881. — Mayor, Samuel Forrey ; Council- men; Garret Gibson, W. J. Sullivan, C. E. Little, A. E. Chase, James Hamilton and L. E. Gates; Recorder, F. D. Close; As- sessor, John Abernathy; Treasurer, A. E. Chase ; Street Commissioner, A. H. An- son ; Attorney, J. W. Harvey ; Marshal, George Lefollet. 1882. — Mayor, J. B. Morrison; Council- men, W. J. Sullivan, A. E. Chase, Joseph Hamilton. L. E. Gates, J. H. Hoffhines and *:♦: ♦ > >:;♦: .♦.;♦: *')>. ;♦:>: :«-''♦; ;*,;«• :■*::♦ ;«-:♦: ;♦":♦: '♦:'♦' :*:♦: ■*;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: ;♦.>■ •♦;;♦: ;♦:■»■ ;♦;;♦; *:♦: :♦;:♦: ■♦:■♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦;:♦; ;♦;;♦: ;♦':♦' >■* :*::«•. :♦;♦. :♦;:♦: ;♦:■♦: :♦<:♦; ;♦.* ;♦;;♦. m ;♦;:♦; >;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::«' :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦. :♦;:♦: ;♦:>: :♦:;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :•».:♦; :♦:<»: :♦:;♦; ;■»>: :♦;:♦; »:<»: fca. »:»: :♦::♦; 'ICff. :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦:»: :«;:♦: ;♦:.*' :♦::♦: ••::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ;♦.;♦. !♦::♦; :♦"* :*>: :«:;♦: :*:♦: :♦"♦: :♦:,♦: ;♦;> ;♦::♦ :*:♦ :♦:* !♦-♦ > ♦ LBON. 7«9 ♦ * ;♦♦ ;♦::♦ :♦:♦; * ♦ .♦ ♦ • « « * * ♦ :*:;♦: :♦:♦: :«::«: ;«:« :♦:♦: :♦:'«: :♦:'♦■ :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦' :♦:♦: •♦::♦' :♦■■♦: :♦:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :«::♦: :♦:* :♦::♦ :♦:* :♦'*■ :♦;;♦■ :♦;;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:* :♦::♦' :♦:♦' ;♦;'♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'♦; :♦::♦' ;♦:>: :♦'.♦' *'.:♦ :♦"♦ :♦"♦: ;♦::*' :*'♦: >■■»" :♦;:•: :♦::♦: 'm. :*:♦" :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦:'♦: '♦"♦' :♦::♦: ■»:•»■ ;♦:;♦: *^ :♦::♦ :♦;;♦; *;♦: :♦:♦: :♦:♦; >:♦" ;♦;,♦: ■♦:.*; ;♦:>: :♦"'♦: ♦ • ♦ ♦ J. \V. Honnold ; Recorder, F. D. Close; Marshal, J. P. Finley; Treasurer, A. E. Chase; Attorney, E. W. Curry. 1883. — Mayor, A. Haskett; Councilmen, L. E. Gates,'j. HofThincs, J. W. Honnold, A. E. Chase and T. S. Arnold ; Recorder, F. D. Close ; Treasurer, A. E. Chase ; Mar- shal, John P. Finley ; Attorney, Marion F. Stookey. 1884. — Mayor, A. Haskett; Councilmen, T. S. Arnold, A. E. Chase, J. W. Honnold, J. Hoffhines, S. W. Hurst and C. E. Gard- ner; Recorder, Frank Lorey ; Street Com- missioner, Simon Cross ; Attorney, Marion F. Stookey ; Marshal, A. Tharp ; Treas- urer, A. E. Chase. 1885. — Mayor, W. H. Albaugh ; Council- men, T. S. Arnold, C. W. Beck, Creed Bobbitt, C. E. Gardner, A. E. Chase and S. \V. Hurst; Recorder, Frank Lorey; Street Commissioner, Simon Cross; At- torney, Marion F. Stookey ; Marshal, A. J. Allen ; Treasurer, C. E. Gardner. 1886.— Mayor, W. H. Albaugh; Council- men, C. W.' Beck, Creed Bobbitt, C. E. Gardner, W. A. Brown, J. Carmean and S. W. Hurst; Recorder, J. A. Caster; Street Commissioner, William F. Clark ; Marshal, William R. Moore ; Attorney, Marion F. Stookey ; Treasurer, C. E. Gardner. POSTMASTERS. The postoffice has been held successively since its establishment by Alex. Updegraff, John Childcrs, John R. Horton, Snyder, P. O. James, Mrs. P. (). James, John P. Finley, Jr., W. II. Robb and William J. Sidlivan. SCHOOLS. The first school building owned by Leon is now used as a residence for the janitor. The present school-house was built in 1876, at a cost of nearly Si 1,000. It is of brick, and is three stories in height with a man- sard roof. There are eight rooms, and eight teachers are employed. S. M. Mow- att has been i)rincipal since the fall of 1883. He is paid a salary of §1,000, and in all $3,200 is paid annually to the teachers. The aimual c.xjjcnditurcs are about $4,000, not including payments on the bonded debt, which now amounts to $5,500, but is being steadil)' reduced. Nine months of school is maintained each year. The total enrollment for i884-'5 was 525, and the average attendance 410. A high school course of four years is maintained, fitting pupils for any Western college. Latin and German are taught. The high school has some sixty-five pupils. The present School Board includes: J. F. Penniwell, Presi- dent; George T. Young, J. HolThines, A. N. Eraser, H. R. Lay ton and J. Carmean. J. L. Harvey is Secretary and J. R. Bashaw, Treasurer. LIBRARY ASSOCLVTION. The Decatur County Library Association was formed in the autumn of 1881. The first officers were : R. L. Parrish, President ; F. Frazee, Treasurer; Miss Laura E. Dye, Librarian. The fee for annual membership is $1.00, but a payment of $2.50, with 50 cents annually makes one a life member. There are at present fifty-three life mem- bers, and eight^'-three annual members. There are no salaried officers, and all the money is used in purchasing new books. April 17, 1884, all the books except those in the hands' of members were de- stroyed by fire. The library's loss was not less than $300. Donations and additions made by purchase have since increased the number of volumes to 442, which, it is hoped, is the nucleus for a future library that shall be a source of pride to the asso- ciation. The members are not all residents of Leon, but include many from different parts of Decatur County. The officers in 1886 were: A. E. Chase, President; Esther Sanger, Secretar}- ; S. A. Gates, Treasurer. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ * ♦ 4 ♦; ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ + ♦ ♦ ♦, ♦.♦, >■;♦' :♦'■♦' ♦ ■♦■ ♦ ♦' ■» ♦! ♦ *: ♦.♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ 1 * ♦ ♦ .♦ ♦" :♦;.«• >♦' ;♦'♦■ :♦♦ ♦, ♦. .♦'♦: ♦ ♦; '.♦- *'. ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦; ♦ ♦' .*.♦' ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ t ♦ ♦ ♦ * .♦♦' ♦ « .♦,♦' :♦"♦ .* .*: ,♦♦: :♦:♦. ,♦>■ .♦,♦ ♦ •: ;»„♦; .♦ .♦ .♦;♦,♦, .♦..♦. ♦ ♦ .* ' .♦..*.♦. .♦.♦. .♦. .♦..♦. .♦. .♦. .♦. * .♦. >. .♦. .♦. ♦ ♦. .♦. ♦. .♦ ♦. ♦ .♦. .♦ ♦. .♦- .♦. .♦"♦"* ** .♦:>:*"*3i .♦::♦ - »:;« »;:« :♦::♦; »:»: »>; »::« :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: ■»::« :♦::♦: :♦*♦: »::« :♦::♦: »: »::♦: ;♦>: »>: ;♦::♦' :«:« :♦:;♦: ;«:« :«:« ;«% :♦::♦: »>: ;♦:;♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦:<»: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦; :♦'♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :c« !»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:'!« :♦>: :♦>: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :«:♦: ;«»: ;♦:;♦: :«>: ■♦»♦• ;♦>: ;*:♦; >::♦: •o: :«;♦: :c« :♦:♦: :♦:!♦: :♦>: »:;♦: •»::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: Wi :♦>: >::« >::♦: »:»: :«>: :♦::♦: :♦:■♦•; :♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>: »;>; >x* :♦:♦: ;♦:'♦: ;♦;,♦: 770 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. The county superintendent of schools is ex-officio librarian. CHURCHES. The Methodist Episcopal Society is the old- est in Leon. The first class was formed February 14, 1851, at John Jordan's house, in Eden Township, with these seven mem- bers : John Patterson and wife, William Burt and wife, Abner Harbour, Ishmael Barnes and Levi Clark. Mr. Jordan and wife retained their membership in a church south of the Missouri line, but after a time joined the little band of worshipers at Leon. Mrs. William McElvain joined a month after the organization. For eight years meetings were held in private houses, prin- cipally in that of John Patterson, who con- tinued as leader of the class for thirty-five years, only giving up the position early in 1886. In 1859 the present house of wor- ship was built, at a cost of $1,500. It was used for some years as a public-school building, and when after this it was repaired and refitted, the added cost was $800. The following is a list of the pastors who have been in charge, with years of service: Revs. John Ralls, 1855-6; J. L. Simms, 1856-'; ; John Dair, 1857-8 ; Jacob Delay, 1858-60; D. Williams, i86o-'i ; Samuel Farlow, i86i-'3. Benjamin Shinn, i863-'4; J. R. Carey, 1864-5 ; David O. Stuart, i865-'6; William Hesswood, i866-'7; George P. Bennett, 1867-9; Richard Thornburg, i869-'7o; J. C. R. Layton, i870-'2 ; S. Guire, i872-'3 ; Wilson. 1873-5; A. P. Hull, 1875-7; D. M. Mclntire, 1877-9; VVilliam Plested, i879-'8o; A. Brown, i88o-'3; W. H. Shipman, 1883-6. J. F. Penniweil is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which lias an attendance of 150. The membership of the church is not far from 180. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized in 1857, among the leading members being John VV. Warner, Mr. Gillam, W. P. Blair, Robert Patterson and George T. Young, with their families. They met in the court-house on alternate Sunday mornings for four years, and then discontinued services. Rev. Mr. Post was their only pastor. The CImrch of Christ was organized the first Sunday in June, 1854. The early members were: John Gardner and wife, Christina A. Gardner, Franklin Gardner, J. C. Porter and wife, Anna Bradfield, Catherine Gardner, Wilson I. Gardner, Anna Thatcher, Jacob Witter and wife, Reuben Shakelford and wife, Andrew Mc- Elvain, J. McElvain and wife, John W. Gardner and wife, W. W. Ellis and wife. Dr. J. R. McClelland and wife, Daniel Bradly and wife and Nancy Weldon. The house of worship used by this church was erected in 1867, at a cost of $4,000. It is 40 X 60 feet in size, and is on Main street, three blocks south of the court-house square. The parsonage, built later, cost $1,000. Rev. J. C Porter was pastor of the church for the first eighteen or twenty )'ears after its organization. Since then there have been Revs. John Polly, W. B. Fisk, O. E. Brown, J. C. Levey, T. V. Berry, James Gaston, A. B. Cornell, S. H. Hedrix, and others. The present preacher is Rev. H. A. Lemon. The membership is 150. Dr. J. R. McClelland, L. W. Hebe- ner and J. Kirkpatrick are elders ; W. J. Darr, Andrew Kemp, J. Chastan and Horace Brown, deacons; Rev. H. A. Lemon, clerk. Andrew Kemp is superin- tendent and Lou Baldwin secretary of the Sunday-school, which has an average attendance of fift)'-nine. The Presbyterian Church was formed June 2, 1866, in the Methodist church, the first members being Francis and Mary Varga, W. H. Smith, Thomas and Mary Baldwin, Fidelia F. Thompson, Robert and Kcturah Kinnear, Margaret Stone, W. W. and Rebecca J. More, W. P. Blair, :♦:.*. :♦;.♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;« :«:♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦» :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::«: :c«: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: .4:;<»: :♦>: ■HfM :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: *tf- :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::«: :♦:;♦: ;♦>: 'iCif. '♦:.*: ;«:<»; :«:♦: .♦:.*; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: »:.4; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦>:' :♦>: " ;♦>; :♦>: :♦>: :«:« :c« :♦;:«; »::♦: .♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;.*: :♦;:♦: .*::♦: .*::♦: :♦::♦: .*::♦: ;♦"* :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;c* :♦"« :*>; :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: »: :♦::♦: :♦::♦" :«.♦. :♦;*: :♦;>: !»:>: ;♦:;♦: ;«::«: :♦:■»; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :<♦: :♦;:♦; :♦>: ;♦::♦: :♦;»; ;♦>; ;♦:>: •»:♦: .♦'.*" ■»'• :♦♦ » ♦ ♦♦,♦.•:.♦..♦-.♦ .♦,♦.>:.♦*♦.♦.,♦ ♦.♦„».»*»..»^_»'..»,.»..». »..•." «-».»-y^*.« .♦..♦ :♦.* :♦:>. ;♦>. i^ *:« >>: :♦>; »:♦: m >>: »: :♦::♦: !»;»: :♦':♦: :♦»; :«::*: >::♦: :♦>: :♦!;»: :♦;:♦: »::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: :♦>: .«;« ;«:;♦: ;♦>: !»!:♦: »"♦: KM »>; »::« »;»: »>: >::♦: ^♦: IS: :♦!>: :«■:♦: :♦::»: :♦;>: !»::♦: ;♦.!♦: > <- »::« '♦ > LEON. Mary A. Blair, Mary E. Young and Mar- tha E. Avery. The members sent here to organize the cliurch were W. C. Hollyday and James Rice. W. V. Blair was elected elder, and Francis N'arga and \V. H. Smith deacons. The meetings were first held monthly in the old school-house. After 1869 they were held on alternate Sundays, one preacher serving both this and the Grand River church. In 187 1 their house of worship was erected on Commercial street, two blocks east of Main. It cost $7,000 in all. Services were held in the basement until the upper portion was com- pleted. The pastors that have been in charge at Leon are shown in this list: Revs. D. S. Hughes, R. J. Burt, A. A. Mathes, F. Rea, C. M. Des Islets, Cyrus Johnson and \V. C. Cort. The last named, the present pastor, commenced his labors here in September, 1884. The elders of the church are Calvin Johnson, Francis Varga, George T. Young, E. S. Young and H. R. Layton ; deacons, George Mil- ler and John Smith : trustees, Francis Varga, S. A. Gates, Mrs. Mary Warner, Mrs. Anna Allen and George Miller : clerk, Francis Varga. The present membership of the church is 129, fifty having been add- ed in 1885. The Baptist C"/r«rc/r first held services four miles southeast of Leon, some years before the war. The meeting place was shortly removed to town. Among the members were Mr. and Mrs. Burns, Mrs. Hammer, Samuel C. Thompson, Robert E. Dye and wife. Rev. John VVoodard preached for the little congregation for some years just before the war, and then the organization went down. About 1867 Rev. Cake preached for one year. Afterward came Rev. Morion and Rev. Tillbury, but be- tween these there was an interim of inac- tivity. The present organization dates Irom Nov. I, 1879, and Rev. Frceland Edwards has been in charge all the time Among the members who aided in the re-organ- ization were Robert E. Dye and wife, Mrs. Hammer, Mr. and Mrs. Burns, Warren Cole and wife, N. P. Bullock and wife, C. M. Murry and S. P. Nott and wife. The society rented a hall over Bowman's har- ness shop until it built its church in 1883, on the second block east of the square. It is a frame structure and cost, with fur- nishings, $3,500. Services are now held every Sunday, formerly every two weeks. For four years the church received $100 annually from the Home Mission Society, but now it is self-supporting. The mem- bership at present writing is eighty-four. Leander Bechtol is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which is attended by from eighty to ninety pupils. The deacons of the church are Robert E. Dye, Jonathan Hamilton and Levi Mitchell ; clerk, C. M. Murry ; treasurer, Leander Bechtol ; trus- tees, Robert E. Dvc, Jonathan Hamilton and N. P. Bullock.' SECRET SOCIETIES. Grand River Lodge, No. 78, A. F. &A.M., was organized under dispensation, Novem- ber 30, 1855, with these charter members: Samuel C. Thompson, Worshipful Master; George T. Young, Senior Warden ; J. R. McClelland, Junior Warden : D. O. Ball and Thomas Silvers. John P. Finlej', Peter C. Stewart and Samuel Forrey were the first initiates and were received Jan- uary 15, 1856. The charter was granted June 5, 1856, and Samuel C. Thompson was named as Worshipful .Master: George T. Young, Senior Warden ; F. M. Wafford, Junior Warden. In 1886 the officers are: "C. W. Beck, Worshipful Master; J. A. Hawkins, Senior Warden ; W. P. Clark, Junior Warden; J. A. Caster, Secretary; Francis V'arga, Treasurer ; W. R. Moore, Senior Deacon ; J. R. Conrey, Junior Deacon; Horace Farquhar, S. S. ; L. Van Werden, J. S. ; Charles Carroll, .♦.♦. >>. >.;♦. ;♦;>, m. m. :«■>; :•;:* ;♦.:♦! >::♦; :♦:« '!»»: :♦::*: :♦;;♦ ;»u«i *j: ;♦:* :♦;:♦: :♦:♦ :♦;:♦; :♦:;* *.« :♦:* :♦ '« .♦.♦ ,♦;♦ ;♦> ;♦;♦ ;♦'♦ .*u*-*„*-.*>..».».».JiA.» .*.♦.♦.#,♦ ♦_♦-♦«•-•««.♦»♦,•»*. ► .^..•..•..♦-^^♦-♦..♦r^:;^.,*.*..* .♦-♦..•. •.♦,« ^-» •..♦j^*' ;♦:;♦. ;♦;:♦, :♦::■« :«»: :♦:;♦; :«« >:;«; :♦::♦: :«»: :♦::« ;♦::« :♦:;« ■•!:« >/♦: 772 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. 1 :«:« ;♦:;* »; ■«« :«:« :«♦: :«« ♦;:■« ;♦"« :«:« :«« :♦;:« ;«« :♦>; :«>:♦: :♦'« ;♦::♦: :«:« :«« '«:•♦! Tyler. The membership is sevent3'-one. The lodge meets Tuesday evening on or before each full moon at its hall, which was bought by the lodge in 1882. It is valued at $2,000. Leon Chapter, No. 33, R. A. M., was or- ganized October 25, 1866, with these ofifi- cers: C. S. Stout, High Priest; S. C. Thompson, King ; John P. Finley, Sci-ibe ; H. W. Peck, C. H. ; C. G. Bridges, P. S. ; John E. Chaney, R. A. C. ; William M. *;j^ Duncan, M. 3d V. ; George T. Young, M. :«>: ■HM :♦>: :«« ;«« KM X'M •♦"■^ >;:« :«♦; 2d v.; W. B. Montgomery, M. ist V. ; J. H. Woodbury, Secretary ; Thomas John- son, Guard. George Woodbury, now of Garden Grove, was the first elected to membership, on the same date with the institution of the chapter. The officers in 1886 were : C. W. Beck, High Priest; S. W. Hurst, King; J. R. McClelland, Scribe: Samuel Farquhar, Treasurer ; Francis Varga, Secretary ; Ed. K. Pitman, C. H. ; W. A. Kirkpatrick, P. S. ; N. P. Bullock, R. A. C. ; J. Hoffhines, M. 3d V. ; I. N. Clark, M. 2d V. ; W. J. Darr, M. ist V. ; Charles Carroll, Tyler. The membership is forty-one, and meetings are held the Wednesday evening after each full moon. Independence Chapter, No. 28, O. E. S., was organized in November, 1884, with a membership of about twent3'-five. At pres- ent J. R. McClelland is Worthy Patron, Mrs. Jonathan Conrey, Worthy Matron ; Mrs. C. Darr, Associate Matron, and Mrs. Henrietta Voght, Secretary. Meetings are held the first Friday evening of each month. Hesperia Lodge, No n, K. of P. — An or- ganization of the Knights of Pythias was made at Leon a number of years ago, and flourished till the fire of 1879, when the lodge was burned and everything lost but the charter, which was returned to the Grand Lodge. The lodge was re-organ- ized June 21, 1886, under the former name, "Hesperia Lodge, No. 33." The lodge was re-organized with eight of the origi, nal members — A. E. Chase, W. A. Brown, E. W. Curry, W. T. Cartright, S. A. Gates, L. W. Forgraves, G. L. Harvey and C. W. Hoffman. There were several members of other lodges, now living in Leon, who were "demitted," and joined as charter members of Hesperia Lodge: L R. Atlee L. Frank, Fletcher Smith and W. Van Werden. The following persons were in- itiated and also became charter members: J. L. Young, H. C. Van Werden, C. M. Murray, L. Van Werden, Albert Gafford, W. J. Sullivan and John F, Hamilton. The officers elected at the re organization are : E. W. Curry, P. C. William Van Werden, C. C. ; A. E. Chase, V. C. ; W. A. Brown, P. ; C. W. Hoffman M. A. ; S. A. Gates, K. R. & S. ; L R. At lee, M. F. ; T- Harvey, M. E. ; L. Frank, I G. Leon Lodge, No. 84, /. O. 0. F., was or- ganized by dispensation February 7, 1856, and chartered October 8, 1856. The or- ganizers of the lodge, whose names appear as charter members, were John F. Finley, Sr., W. H. Cheaver, J. H. Clark, Arnold Childers and C. R. Lapham. Several were initiated at first meeting, and the following officers were elected : C. R. Lapham, No- ble Grand ; A. Childers, Vice Grand ; George W. Hall, Recording Secretary ; George Burton, Permanent Secretary ; W. H. Cheaver, Treasurer. The appointed officers were : J. F. Parsons, Warden ; J. P. Finley, Conductor ; S. F. Baker, Right Supporter to Noble Grand ; S. Childers, Left Supporter to Noble Grand ; G. Rus- sell, Right Supporter to Vice Grand ; A. Nepdegraff, Left Supporter to Vice Grand ; Samuel Forrey, Outside Guard ; W. T. Roland, Inside Guard ; J. B. Rose, Chap- lain. The lodge flourished till 1861, when, on account of enlistment in the army of many of its members, meetings were discontinud. ♦..♦..♦„«y,*.«>>»>ic»>>>>::'0»"»xc«:;; ;♦;:♦: :*;.>: :♦::♦; >;>: >;>; ;♦;:♦' :*x*; :«!:♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; »: »: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦'♦: :♦:;♦; », »; :♦::♦: ;♦>; »; :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦;:♦: >;>; :♦:;♦; :♦"« ;c* ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: »: :♦';♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :*>: :♦::«: :♦;»: :♦>: :♦"* »; ;♦>: ;♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:>: :♦>: :c« :«« :c« »: :♦;:♦: ;♦»♦■ :♦;»: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: »x*: :«♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :«>; :♦:>: :♦;:«• :«:;♦: :«> :♦;;♦: :♦;>: ;♦>: :♦>; »x*. »x*: :♦;:♦; :♦>; :«:« :♦>: ;♦>: :♦>: :«:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦; :♦>: *::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦' :♦:;♦; :4':*: :♦::<■: :♦ »• >■ ■■> > * :♦:*• :♦>; ♦;.♦: .♦..♦: ♦.:♦: ♦.♦, ♦ ♦' .♦;.♦; :•:♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦:«! :♦:* :♦:* ♦:>■ > <• ♦ *, ♦;.♦: '♦>: ♦:« ♦>; ♦j»: :*>: '♦>: •>: ♦;♦; :♦;♦: »a< :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>; :♦>: :♦:;♦: :♦:;« :♦>; ♦::♦: ♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: »; »: :♦:;♦: :♦>: >::♦: :♦;:♦: *:;♦: :♦::♦: »; »: :♦>; :♦"♦: »: .♦>: ,♦>: ♦:>: .♦"♦; :♦;♦; :♦:*: ♦-♦: ♦:>: ♦:.♦: .♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :•>: :♦>: ;♦>: '♦>: ♦>: .♦:>: ■<♦: *:•; *;♦; ♦>: ♦>: ♦:♦: ♦:♦: '<♦; ♦:♦: ♦:>: :♦>: :♦?«; :♦;•: :♦>; ♦:♦: :♦:;♦: ♦>: ♦>; :♦;♦: »: LEON. 778 The records show that the last meeting of the lodge in that year was March 9. A long interval of suspension followed, the next recorded meeting being July 27, 1868. On the 1st of July, 1886, there were six- ty-two members, and the following were the elective officers: J. W. Sell, Noble Grand ; A. N. Fraser, Vice Grand ; Lon. H. Boydston, Recording Secretary ; George Sanger, Permanent Secretary ; S. C. Penniwell, Treasurer. The lodge is in good financial condition. The regular meetings are on Saturday even- ing of each week. An encampment and Rebekah Degree lodge is also maintained by the Odd Fel- lows. Leon Post, No. 251, G. A. A'., was organ- ized November 22, 1883, by W. T. Wilkin- son, M. O. The following were the officers and who served up to January i, 1885, with two exceptions hereafter noted. J. A. Ray, Commander; S. P. Nott, Senior Vice-Com- mander; C. W. Beck, Junior Vice-Com- mander; W. J. Sullivan, Quartermaster; Ed. K. Pitman, Adjutant ; W. L. Kelley, Surgeon ; I. P. Morton, Chaplain ; John P. Finley, Officer of the Guard ; E. W. Currj', Officer of the Day; J. M. Sylvester, Ser- geant-Major ; J. B. Garrett, Quartermaster- Sergeant. Comrades Pitman and Finley each resigned the following spring. The officers for 1885 were as follows: A. J. Allen, Commander; W. A. Brown, Senior Vice-Commander ; Jas. Grandstaff, Junior Vice-Commander; J. L. Young, Quarter- master; C. \V. Beck, Adjutant; F. M. Smith, Surgeon; John Holden, Chaplain; J. M. Aitkins, Officer of the Day ; W. F. Clark, Officer of the Guard ; G. Gibson, Quartermaster-Sergeant ; A. E. Chase, Sergeant-Major. The following are the officers for 1886, and who were elected December 4, 1885: J. L. Young, Com- mander; Jas. Grandstaff, Senior Vice- Commander; J. M. Silvester, Junior Vice-Commander; E. VV. Curry, Quarter- master; F. M. Smith, Surgeon; J. A. Os- borne, Chaplain; J. M. Aitkins, Officer of the Day ; W. F. Clark, Officer of the Guard. The aggregate number of members is 1 18, and they represent almost as many differ- ent regiments and from almost every State in the Union. Among the comrades are those who represent every grade of mil- itary office from Major down to the Eighth Corporal. Among the comrades are men who have become eminent in the trades and professions, as mechanics, law3'ers, ministers and physicians. Politically they are almost exactly evenly divided and among them are several able and zealous politicians of either party, and yet no political wrangles ever disturb the meet- ings or mar the peace of the camp fire. Leon Lodge, No. 88, /. O. G. T., was organized in the autumn of 1885, with forty-six members. The charter was re- ceived December 12, following. The first officers were : VV. H. Shipman, Chief Templar; Maggie Young, Vice-Templar ; VV. C. Cort, Chaplain ; Otis GrandstalT, Secretary ; Mrs. M. M. Aitkin, Financial Secretary; George D. Miller, Treasurer; E. S. Young, Marshal ; Esther Sanger, Inside Guard ; William Tharp, Outside Guard. The officers at present writing arc : Miss Eva Kirkpatrick, Chief Templar ; Ezra J. Clark, Vice-Templar ; Esther Sanger, Chai)lain ; lola Aitkin, Secretary ; O. L. Ellenwood, Financial Secretary ; Nellie Parrish, Treasurer ; Willie Brown, Marshal ; Helen W^ood, Inside Guard ; Chauncey Walker, Outside Guard. The lodge meets every Monday evening, and has a membership of over 100. I'ROFESSIONAL MEN. The county scat naturally all i acts a goodly number of members of the legal 1 and medical professions. These are men- :♦.,* :♦::♦ :♦;;♦ ;♦::♦ :♦::♦ :♦♦ ♦ 4 ♦ ♦ '♦"♦ :♦:♦ :♦:;♦ ■♦"• ♦:♦ :♦;'♦: :♦;♦: :♦:♦ :♦::♦ ;♦:♦ :♦:♦ :♦:♦ :♦;■♦ ♦ . > ♦ ♦ + ♦ V ♦ C ♦ •» :♦::♦' :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:♦: ;♦:.♦: :♦:*: :•>: :♦::♦; :♦'♦: '♦♦: ♦ :♦" :•!•»; :♦' ♦: >♦" > *: :♦::♦: >:♦: :♦;♦: :♦♦: ■♦♦■ :♦:♦: ;•>; ■»:*: :♦:,♦: ;♦::♦: :♦!'♦! !♦:♦: *♦: .♦!*; ••;♦' :♦;♦: :♦:.♦: >::♦; :♦::♦: :♦:'♦: :♦>: :♦:>: :*>; ;♦:.♦) >♦" ♦"♦; »l :♦:♦: .♦:♦: ♦ ♦" ♦ ♦ m HISTOar OF DECATUR COUNTY. :♦::♦ ;♦,■•>. :*:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦.:♦: :♦>: :♦"«': >::« :♦>: :♦.:♦: :♦:»; >:>; :♦:;♦; »;:♦; »>: :♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦:»: :♦::♦; *.:♦: »::« :♦::« :♦;:♦; >::♦: :♦;:« :♦::♦: ' »;:♦: %:♦: :♦::« :«>>: :♦>; :♦::♦; W-, :«:♦: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »;:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦>: >;:♦: »:>: :♦::♦; »::« »;:♦: ;♦::♦: ;«« :♦::♦: »;»: :♦::♦: :♦>: *;>; " :«« :♦::♦: »>: :♦>: »; :♦'♦: :♦>: »:»: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: %"♦: »::♦: :♦>: !•!:♦: :♦;■* :«:♦: »"« »ik »::« »:»: »::« »:% :♦;:« :«:« »;:« :♦:;♦: tioned under their respective heads, and also in the biographical portion of this work. BANKS. The First National Bank was established in 1869, and five years later purchased by the Decatur County Banking Association (D. and A. B. Steam and L. P. Sigler), who named it the Farmers' and Traders' Bank. L. P. Sigler is president and T. S. Arnold, cashier. The Exchange Bank was started in Feb- ruary, 1885. S. W. Hurst is President, I. N. Clark, Vice-President, and C. E. Gard- ner, Cashier. BUSINESS. The business of Leon has kept pace with its growth in population, despite the rivalry of the numerous villages which have sprung up in the county in recent years. A writer of the history of the place in 1868, thus sums up the business houses: Five general stores, five family groceries, two drug stores, two stove and tinware stores, one boot and shoe store, two print- ing offices, two harness shops, one jeweler, twomiUiners, three hotels, one livery stable, two blacksmith shops, one wagon shop, two cabinet dealers, two land agencies, six law firms, five physicians, two churches, one school-house, one flouring-mill and one woolen factory, with the usual proportion of mechanics of different kinds. The business firms of June, 1886, are shown in the following list : J. Abernathy & Son, boots and shoes ; W. A. Albaugh, groceries ; Alexander & Layton, drugs ; A. J. Allen & Co., boots •laaaa/iSi®*— »« and shoes; F. N. Avery, undertaker; I. R. Atlee, lumber ; Abernathy & Kirkpatrick, mill ; D. B. Bright, billiards ; \V. A. Brown, hotel; Bobbitt& Bro., blacksmith ; Bashaw & Peters, jewelry ; J. W. Bowman, harness ; F. Bobbitt, cigar factory ; M. Craigo, res- tuarant ; I. N. Clark, livery ; Clark & Mc- Clelland, groceries; Chase & Van Werden, drugs ; C. K. Carmean, groceries ; S. Cross, blacksmith ; C. Darr, millinery ; Exchange Bank ; Farmers' and Traders' Bank ; C. E. Flanders, repair shop ; I. Frank, dry goods and clothing ; Samuel Farquhar, hardware ; Frank Gardner, groceries ; J. Grandstaff & Co., agricultural implements ; I. Haldeman & Son, creamery; S. A. Hamilton, furni- ture ; J. Hoflhines, groceries ; O. H. Hor- ton, restaurant; Hall & Co., produce Hurst & Conrey, dry goods ; I. F. Hil dreth, drugs ; J. Hamilton, dry goods Hamilton Bros., barbers ; A. A. Knapp meat market; S. H. Lorey, carpenter; H L. Long & Bro., dry goods ; Leon Loan and Abstract Company ; M. Miller, barber McFarland & Avery, restaurant ; C. M Murrv, agricultural implements ; R. W McConn, lumber ; M. Myer, clothing ; J W. Mather, dentist; George D. Miller, restaurant ; G. W. McGrew, hotel ; New lin&Artt, groceries ; D. R. Porter, jewelry M. M. Porter, miUinery ; B. Patterston tailor; J. F. Penniwell, carpenter; J. Pat terson, harness ; Pickering & Barnes, black- smith ; L A. Ray, drugs ; Renter & Ottman meat market ; W. J. Sullivan, postoffice Fletcher Smith, hotel ; Frank Ward, hard ware ; Wallace, Gould & Co., hardware M. H. Wood, boots and shoes ; E. S Young, photographer ; Younkin & Perdue millinery ; George T. Young, dry goods k4— ^SI-Sl'OTwo .♦..♦: ♦;,«i *>; *;♦: «»: :♦>: ;♦::•: »i« »>: ♦::♦: :«;♦: :♦>: .*'>: :♦>: :<♦: :«♦: »: ;♦:!♦: :«::♦: :c« *>: .♦>: !^ P :♦>: :♦>: i^ :♦-♦: :♦>: :♦>: :♦)>: :♦:.♦: .♦;:♦. ;♦;♦ ;♦;.*' :«;♦. :♦:.♦: :♦::♦: ■»::♦; »; ♦>; »! ♦>: ♦'♦: ♦>. :♦;.♦. •♦:,♦; ;♦;♦; ;♦;.♦; :♦;:♦: »; ♦::♦; >:* .♦;♦: *.♦: >:,♦; *!♦; :♦:♦: !♦:.♦; '♦;>; I J$ VILLAGES. GARDEN GROYE. N the 20th of January, 1 846, a pioneer ha n d, \v h o no w have their lodge- ment at Salt Lake Cit}-, or in graves along the route, crossed the Missis- sippi River opposite Nauvoo, Illinois, and proceeded on their western course in search of the " New Sion." One nitinlh later, the remaining band ol Mormons, in obedi- ence to a general order from their leaders, crossed the famous Father of Waters on in companies of ten wagons each followed in the footsteps of their •' brothers gone before." In their march through Southern Iowa and Northern Missouri, they established "stakes" and resting j)laces in the wilderness. The two most important of tiiese "stakes" were in Southern Iowa, one called Mt. Pisgah, lijout two miles and a lialf southeast of .vherc the flourishing village of Aflon, Union County, now stands, and the other lirst in onlcr of date) on what is now known .IS the Wcldon Fork of Grand River, and called it Garden Grove. Arrivinir here the ice, and after a severe march in the inclement weather of si)ring, they found shelter in the beautiful grove of timber which skirted the Weldon, with a vast prairie, abounding in pasturage, to the north and east. Here they erected a log tabernacle, 22 X "jz feet, and fenced a " claim " of near three sections which they tilled for the use of the compan)'. They remained at this point for some years, preparing the while for the needs, hardships and dangers that were before them in the long and difficult trip across the p'ains. Less than twenty years ago there were many picturesque spots in woodland and on prairie and de- caying old houses left as mementoes of the sojourn here of the Latter-Day Saints. Of the h(juses, but one is now remaining, and, with old settlers, it is still known as the " Old Mormon Castle." It is situated west of town, near the old Mormon ceme- tery, and yet serves as a habitation for a family. The old Mormon temjjle, which stood quite near the heart of town, is vividly remembered by many in this part of the county, as it was torn down but about a dozen years ago. It was a long two-story log building, 22 x 72 feet, and divided into two large rooms below, sepa- rated by a rude passage way, and a tine dancing hall above. After the departure 776 HISTORr OF DECATUR COUNTT. »; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦:% >::♦: »::«>: >"♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: :♦;:« W\ ;♦:>. :♦:>: ':«:♦: »; :«::♦: :♦>: ^♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: »:♦: :♦:»: :♦"« r«»: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦:»: :♦;;♦: >::♦: »: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦>; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦>: »:;« :■»::« »::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: *::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: w.w. :«:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦;»: :♦::♦: »::♦: ;♦::♦: :«!« :♦:*: >::♦: »::♦: »::♦: »::♦: :«:♦: »:»: :«:« »:»: :♦:% :♦>: »:;« :♦:;♦: of the Mormons the building was converted into a hotel and named the " California House." It received this appellation be- cause a large number of persons who at- tempted the hazardous journey across the plains for the gold region followed the Mormon trail through this place. The con- stant stream of travelers westward, during the California excitement, made the village very lively, and the " oldest inhabitant " still loves to recount the stories of that time and of the Mormon regime. In 185 1 the presence of a few " Gentiles " admonished them to again take up their line of march westward, which they did, with the exception of six or seven families who remained until 1854. Among the earl}' and actual settlers, who came here in 1848 were Enos Davis, O. N. Kellogg, William Davis, Amasa J. Davis, and prob- ably a few others who subsequently passed further west or whose names have escaped the memory of our oldest inhabitants. Enos Davis is yet living, in Garden Grove Township, and Amasa J. Davis lives in Franklin. Mrs. Ann Knapp and her children, Thomas J. and Mary E., the latter the wife of L. E. Zichey, are now the only three living residents of the village who came here in 185 1. In the same year and pre- vious to 1856, the colony was reinforced by S. F. Baker, C. R. Lampman, Ben Wooley, G. W. Piper, Hiram Chase, Edward Dawes, R. D. Kellogg, D. Stearn, A. B. Stearn, J. R. Car}^ Hugh Brown, J. H. Woodbury, Thomas Chamberlin, Nathan- iel Shaw, Dan Bowen, Sylvanus Arnold, J. D. Burns, S. Metier, Hiram Chase, Thomas Lilliard, John Vail, S. P. McNeill, Robert McBroom, and others ; some with families and others singly. Nearly all these old pioneers are still residents of this county, and man)' of them substantial farmers. These immigrants, both men and women, being people of more than usual vigor, in- telligence and enterprise, b}' their thrift and industry soon made the section of country in and around the town a desirable point for location. It attracted hither enterpris- ing capitalists from Ohio and other of the States east of the great river, who spent their means liberally in the purchase of government lands and the general improve- ment of the country. Stores and shops were built in the village and upon the wide prairie and in the brush districts near town houses became more numerous each year. ITEMS. The early settlers ground wheat and corn in a corn-cracker. William Davis bought the entire Mor- mon "claim " for $400. The Mormons sold 400 head of sheep to the settlers at an average of 45 cents per head, and subsequently the wolves ate the most of them — the sheep, not the Mormons. About 200 Pottawattamie Indians en- camped on the creek west of Young's farm in the winter of i85i-'52. The first trees planted in the village were two willows. They were cut in Davis County, Iowa, by Tom Knapp and O. N. Kellogg, and after being used more than three days as riding switches, they were planted. The nearest settlement to Garden Grove in 1850 was Dodge's Point, now in Appa- noose County, forty miles distant. The first meadow of tame grass (timothy) cut in the county was a twenty-acre lot of which Prof. Harkness' residence occupies the southwest corner. Josephine Kellogg, daughter of O. N. Kellogg, and e.\--superintendentof the coun- ty schools, was the first child born in Gar- den Grove. In the winter of i848-'49 the nearest post- office was at Princeton, Missouri, and for three months there was no communication »«♦; :♦::♦: :*»: :♦>: >::«: :♦::♦: :«♦: :♦>: :♦:>: :♦>; ;«:♦; »>: :♦"♦: »::♦: »; »;:♦ :«>! :«::♦: »: :♦:»: »: :c»: :♦;:♦: :♦>; »^« »: :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: :♦»: :♦>: >::« :♦>: »: »: »: »::♦: :♦>: :♦»: :♦>: :«♦: :«♦: :♦>: »>: :*»: >'♦: »:« »>: :♦::♦: :«:« :♦>: »>: :♦>: *«♦; :♦>: »>: :♦::« :♦::♦: :♦>: »x<»: »>: ;♦!♦: *«* ;«:♦: »~« »>: »>: .<»>: »:« :♦>: :♦>; !«>; »::♦: !«!':« »::♦: »"♦: »::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: »>: :♦::« !«:♦: »>; !«♦: :♦>: Vim ^M'Ji^^tiitmWM ' t_*.*.*^_^■_^J ;5»; ^ 1^ 1^. ;♦!:♦; :♦>: >;>: ;♦:;♦; :c< :♦'* >::♦: .c^ ;♦::••• ;♦>: :♦::♦; :*::♦: !♦>: :«:♦: >:;«£ ;^>; *:«^ :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :«!»: >::♦: ;♦::« »: >::«! »: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦: :*>; :o! :«:♦: :♦::« :«;:« :c« >x*; >::♦; ;*.:♦; :«;« :«!:♦: ;♦>; :c*: >::♦: :c«s >:;♦; »: :♦,:♦; :♦;:♦: »: :♦:>: :♦;:♦: !»>: :♦;-« :«K »;3ii :♦::♦: :«:»: ;♦>: :♦>: :c« »»; :«:« !«:♦: :«« :♦;:« :«>: »:;♦: !»»: »: »>• »>: :«!« VILLAGES. T77 between the settlers and the outside world. At the end of these three months a couple of strangers passed through here from Princeton, when A. J. Davis and John Brown took advantage of the strangers' "tracks" in the snow and visited the post- office, forty miles distant. The first saw-mill was drawn from Keokuk by Tom Knapp with an outfit of sixteen yoke of cattle, a pair of hor- ses, and two wagons built in Keokuk for the purpose. The mill was set on the banks of the Weldon, west of town, and the freight bill paid bj' Mr. Knapp was $560. GROWTH. Garden Grove has never had what is called a " boom," but has at no time ret- rograded. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad was finished to this place in 1871, and the first freight was forwarded January 10, 1872. This railroad connection with the outside world, of course, assured a prosperous future. The population of the village in 1885 was 622. POSTMASTERS. The appointment of postmaster has been held successively by G. W. Piper, A. B. Steam, J. S. Brown, Hiram Chase, F. D. C. Shaw, J. W. Boyle, J. O. Parrish and John D. Burns. THE DESTROYING ELEMENT. The village has had one serious visitation of fire, in February, 1884. It took a solid block, from the corner of Main and Jeffer- son cast, including Jenning's general store, Woodbury's drug store, Craigo's barber shop, Knapp's meat market, Brown's grocery, F. E. Stearn & Co.'s general store, McCaull's boot and shoe store, Ridgeway's harness shop, and the post- office. MUNICIPAL. Garden Grove was incorporated as a village in the autumn of 1879, the first meeting of the council being held Decem- ber 6. The officers for each year are here shown : 1879. — Mayor, John D. Burns; Record- er, S. H. Amos; Trustees, A. B. Stearn, R. A. Harkness, R. D. Kellogg, Hugh Brown, Merwin Hoadly and W. A. Ketchum. 1880. — Mayor, John D. Burns ; Record- er, S. H. Amos ; Treasurer, John B. Sim- mons ; Assessor, H. P. Flanagan ; Trustees, R. A. Harkness, Merwin Hoadly, George Woodbury, A. B. Stearn, R. D. Kellogg and Hugh Brown. i88i. — Mayor, John D. Burns; Record- er, S. H. Amos ; Treasurer, John B. Sim- mons ; Assessor, H. P. Flanagan ; Trustees, George Woodbury, W. H. Wales, R. A. Harkness, J. J. Mathews, A. B. Stearn and Hugh Brown. 1882. — Mayor, Bryson Bruce ; Recorder, S. H. Amos; Treasurer, W. H. Jennings; Assessor, H. P. Flanagan ; Trustees, A. B. Stearn, George Woodbury, R. A. Hark- ness, J. W. Russell, W. H. Wales and J. J. Mathews. 1883. — Mayor, J. W. Russell ; Recorder, S. H. Amos; Treasurer, W. H. Jennings; Assessor, A. C. Shaw ; Trustees, W. H. Webster, C. S. Stearn, A. B. Stearn, George Woodbury, J. J. Mathews and W. H. Wales. 1884. — Mayor, J. W. Russell; Recorder, S. H. Amos; Treasurer, W. H.Jennings; Assessor, A. C. Shaw ; Trustees, T. J. Shcfler, G. B. Amos, Peter Jensen, A. B. Stearn, C. S. Stearn and W. H. Webster. 1885. — Mayor, J. O. Parrish; Recorder, S. H. Amos; Treasurer, F. E. Stearn; Assessor, A. C. Shaw ; Trustees, T. J. Shef- fer. A. B. Stearn, C. S. Stearn, W. H. Webster, G. B. Amos and Peter Jensen. ;< ' :♦»: :♦.- > ♦ * ♦' ^'* '4r*"**'^'VA"'A***'^*"A"'A"'A''4' k"A"ATArA-x^ArAr*T^'-^r^.^rfcr*u:'ATA*Arjrx-4nrt| 778 HISTORr OF DECATUR COUNT7\ *'*; :♦::♦; :♦:!« •»•>■ ■»■ :♦:■*. »; ♦♦J *:♦; ** :♦>; :♦"♦; ;♦:;♦; ■*:♦; <»;:♦: ■♦;*; ;♦::♦; >::♦; ;♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: ;♦"♦; :♦:>: :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: >■>: :♦;>; :♦;:♦; :♦"♦: :♦::* :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; m :♦::♦; :♦;:♦: :♦.;♦: :♦;:* :♦::♦; :*:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: >:>: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦::■♦) :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: f'.'mi :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::*. :♦::♦; :♦;:* :♦::♦: ;♦;>: :♦::♦; >::♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; »r*; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦:>: :•■••! :♦::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦>: >::♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦•;♦: 1886. — Mayor, J. O. Parrish ; Recorder, S. H. Amos; Treasurer, F. E. Stearns; As- sessor, A. C. Shaw ; Trustees, W. H. Web- ster, C. S. Stearn, A. B. Stearn, Peter Jensen, G. B. Amos and T. J. Sheffer. EDUCATIOXAL. The Garden Grove people seem to make the cause of education a specialty ; and their success in this direction is already attested by the favorable and wide-spread reputation their teachers and schools have attained. The first school in the county was taug-ht here in the winter of i848-'9. No building was erected for school purposes for several years. A frame structure was then put up. which was unfortunately burned soon after. It was succeeded, in 1856, by a brick building, octagon in shape, which was long spoken of as the finest school-house in Southern Iowa. Religious services were also held in this house. In the course of time this building be- came unsafe, and in 1873 ^ "^w school building, frame, was erected, at a cost of $7,ooo. The building is painted brown, and is in the center of a fine large square, affording ample play-grounds. There are five rooms, and five teachers are employed. The small district-school of years ago received its first impetus, which was de- signed to give it a place among the well- known educational institutions of the State, in 1864. In that year, R. A. Hark- ness, of Delaware County, New York, and a recent graduate of Union College, came here on his Western course, and was con- nected with the Garden Grove schools for the next sixteen years, giving his entire time and energies to the success of education, until he earned a reputation for himself and school, second to none in the State. In these efforts he was ably sustained by other teaciiers and the friends of educa- tion generally. George E. Whitehill, a graduate of Dartmouth, has been secured for the year i886-'7. It is designed to put a high- school course in systematic operation. The present School Board includes H. P. Flanagan (President), Bryson Bruce, A. W. Stearn, T. B. Daniel, J. P. Jordan and Peter Jensen. John B. Simmons is Secretary, and A. H. Latta, Treasurer. The enrollment will reach 250 annually, and the average attendance about 175. The Garden Grove Normal School was started in 1881, under Professor R. A. Harkness, with two assistants. A build- ing was erected on fine grounds west of the depot, at a cost of $5,000. The school had some fift}' attendants from this and surrounding counties, and seemed to have good prospects until Professor Harkness was called to a chair in Parsons College, a Presbyterian institution at Fairfield, this State. The normal school is now discon- tinued, and it is designed to move tiie building down town and fit it up for mer- cantile purposes. CHURCHES. T/ie Presbyterian Church was organized July g, 1856, at Stephen Carrithers', six miles west of Garden Grove, by a com- mittee appointed by the Des Moines Pres- bytery, consisting of Rev. J. M. Batchelor and Elder Wills. Calvin Johnson and Thomas Chemberlin were chosen elders. The first members were Calvin and Sarah Johnson, Thomas and Elizabeth Chember- lin, James and Sarah J. Irven, Joseph and Eliza Johnson, Maria L. Brengle, Anna A. Moore, Elizabeth Carrithers, Harriet Brown and Mary Burns. This was then called the Leon church, and preaching was by turns at Leon, Calvin Johnson's place, Prairie Cit}' and Garden Grove. Af- terward, by consent of the Des Moines Presb3'tery the name was changed to the Garden Grove church. The pastors since ■♦:>;:c«*"cc*.:«:*;»::*:»>>::c*:.*:.»x>::c*:«:c*::c*;:i:*>:;c#;:«c«*>:;«^^^ \-/j.la<;es. 770 *">; »>: :♦;;♦; ;«;♦: :♦-♦: :♦:.♦: :♦>: **^ :♦:;♦: »"♦: :♦::♦; :«;;♦: :*>: »::♦: :«»: :♦:*: ;«>: ;«:« '♦>: :♦::«; :♦>: :«>: »:'«; :«:♦: :«:♦! :<»r«! :♦>: .«:♦: :c*: :«:% »>: :«>: ;«*; .♦:«; !itk »::♦; »: »>: »:>: :♦>: >5»; :♦>; :♦-♦: :«::♦: :♦"♦: ♦»: :♦>; »>: :♦::*: :♦>: !»>: >"«: »>: ^^ »: !»;:♦: *:♦: :♦:>: :♦!:♦: :♦;:♦; '♦::♦: :♦::«: J? '♦:;♦: ;♦:♦: ••!,♦! >'<■■ the organization have been Revs. James P. Brengle, Craig Van Emmon, Reuben Hahn. Fred Rea, George Ensley and Rob- ert Beer. The last named came in the summer of 1884, and is tlie present pastor. The foUowing have been chosen elders since the organization : R. A. Harkness, R. D. Kellogg, Elisha Elliott, Henry Carder, Bryson Bruce and J. W. Russell. Charles Hall, R. D. Kellogg, Theodore ShcfTcr, George Moore and Robert Mc- Caull have been chosen deacons. The membership of the church is now eighty- three. During the war a frame church 30 X 40 was built at a cost of $1,300. This was used nearly twenty years, and then sold. It is now used for storing agricult- ural implements. The present church is of brick, and was built in 1882, at a cost of $4,000. It is 48 X 52, and has a tower and bell. The latter weighs Soo pounds, and cost $200. John F. Chemberlin is superin- tendent of the Sunday-school, which has an attendance of about 100. The Methodist Episcopal Church was or ganized at an early day, in the house of Sylvanus Ariu)Id,a mile west of the village. Rev. Mr. Carey formed the first class, among the members being Svlvanus Ar- nold and wife and daughter, R.ev. Carey and wife. Charlotte Shaw and father were received as members soon after. The so- ciety met usually in the Presbyterian church until 1868. In the spring of that year steps were taken to erect a house of worship, the corner-stone of which was laid with appnjpriatc ceremonies, July 26, 1868. Rev. B. Mitchell was the presiding elder, and J. W. Todd minister in charge. The total cost (jf the proj^erty was $4,000. The pastors since Mr. Todd have been: Revs. J. P. Bennett, E. H. King, [. R. Horswell, C. C. .Mabee, J. II. Miller, P. J. Volmer, \V. E. Bradyand A. Hancox. The meInbcr^hip of the church is now 120. The Sunilav-schnol li:is 100 pupils, under the superintcndency of Oran Ruff corn. .SECRET SOCIETIES. Tf tuple Lodge, No. 1 70, A . F. and A . M. . was chartered June 7, 1865, with B. \V. Richards as Worshipful Master, E. H. Alexander as Senior Warden, and A. Cul- ver as Junior Warden. The officers for 1886, are: M. V. Stewart, Worshipful Master; S. H. Amos, Senior Warden; J. D. Brown, Junior Warden ; N. M. Ridge- way. Treasurer; M. J. McCaul, Secretary : H. H. Flanagan, Senior Deacon; W. H. Wales, Junior Deacon ; H. P. Flanagan, S. S. ; Peter Jensen, J. S. ; Thomas Hanes, Tyler. The membership is fifty- eight, and meetings are held on Saturday evenings, on or before each full moon, at Masonic Hall. The hall was built in 1869. at a cost of $1,600. An Odd Fellows' lodge was maintained from 1864 to 1872, and then removed to Humeston. He/trj' Walton Post, A^o. 312, G. A. R., was mustered April 8, 1883, with about a dozen members. The officers for 1886 are : Bry- son Bruce, Commander; S. L. Wood, Senior Vice-Commander; W. H. Kehler, Junior Vice-Commander ; C. D. Wheelami. Adjutant ; V. L. Chester, Officer of the Day: Willis Hinc. Chaplain; C. R. Hall. Quartermaster; C. E. Mater, Surgeon; Michael Sullivan, Officer of the Guard. The present membership is forty. Meet- ings are held Tuesday evenings on or bi.- fore each full moon at G. A. R. Hall. 1 I'ROFESSIONAI. .MEN. , The only attorney residing here is -S. 11. ! Amos. There are three physicians. Dr> i W. D. Duff, V. L. Chester and E. W. Doo little. Il.VNKS. The Carden Grove luiitk was established 780 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. <♦>;* :♦::« :♦;* :♦;:« !♦•::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:<»■ :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦: ;«!»: »;!♦: !♦::♦; »::♦: >:>: :♦::♦; :♦>: :<♦: :♦::♦; ;♦::« .«>: !♦"♦; ;■»::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ■c« :♦;:♦: :♦"♦; :«:♦: :♦»; :♦>: :«♦: »: :♦>: »::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦>: :♦"♦: WJt. :•♦>; :♦::♦: 5»>: E«d»: »>: :♦>: :♦::♦: :*x* :•♦;:♦: ;»"♦: ic*: !»"♦: !♦>; »;♦; i«f »:;♦; :4-:«; :♦;:♦: ;♦;:♦: >:;♦: »>: [»>: »:;♦: i »:»: »;:♦: !♦>: :♦:;♦: p !♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦:>: »:>: :■♦;;♦: >:;♦: :♦::♦: ^>: »: »: :■■•'.;*: in July, 1880, by the Decatur County Bank- ing Association (D. and A. B. Stearn and L. P. Sigler). G. J. Woodbury is cashier. C. S. Stearn & Bro., commenced Bank- ing in November, 1883. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. The business firms of May, 1886, are: S. H. Amos, attorney and insurance agent; W. E. Battle, barber; John D. Burns, postmaster ; Bryson Bruce, Garden Grove Express ; John Chemberlin, lumber; James Craigo, barber ; V. L. Chester, phy- sician ; Daniel & Webster, bridge contract- ors ; E. W. Doolittle, physician ; W. D. Duff, physician; Garden Grove Bank; G. W. Hoadly, blacksmith; H. M. Hoadly, blacksmith ; Hoadly & Boyce, mill; T. J. Knapp, insurance; J. F. Lewis, carriage-maker; A. C. Mintonye, tinner ; M. J. McCauU, boots and shoes ; Ira Miller, ho- tel; McClung, livery; C. D. Mallette, broom factory ; George Pence, cheese factory ; H. Parr, restaurant ; J. O. Parrish, books and stationery ; N. M. Ridgewaj', harness ; J. W. Russell, hardware ; D. & A. B. Stearn, dry goods ; Stearn & Latta, grocery ; A. W. Stearn, clothing; T. J. Sheffer, furni- ture and undertaking ; Mrs. J. B. Simmons, millinery ; C. S. Stearn & Bro., bank ; Styles & Ede, hardware ; Gould Sanford, photographer ; F. E. Stearn & Co., gen- eral store ; James Vail, hotel ; George Woodbury & Son, drugs ; W. H. Wales, meat market. The Stearn family have been the most prominent factors in Garden Grove's his- tory, and have besides had a great influence over Decatur County. The elder members of the family are D. and A. B. Stearn. They came to this town from Ohio in 1854, and in July of that year A. B. Stearn was hired to G. W. Piper, the only merchant here, Sylvanus Arnold making the con- tract in behalf of Mr. Stearn. At that time whisky was freely sold, and Sunday was the big day for selling goods. But it was expressly stipulated by Mr. Arnold that Stearn would not " clerk " out whisky nor sell goods on -Sunday, an agreement which Mr. Piper accepted. Stearn held faithfuU)' to his part of the contract which had the effect of breaking up the general whisky trade and the selling of goods on Sunday. In the mean time Dan Stearn en- gaged in the work of breaking prairie at a salary of $12 per month. In two months A. B. Stearn bought out Mr. Piper and the two brothers went into partnership and have been in the same ever since. DAVIS CITV. The town of Davis City is located on the west bank of Grand River, on section 33, Burrell Township. Its water privileges are the best of any town in the county, making it a very desirable point for manu- facturing purposes. The town was laid out in 1855 by W. H. Cheever, but the preced- ing autumn William Davis had built a log residence and a saw-mill, propelled by water-power. In the spring of 1855 he built a frame dwelling, and in the autumn of 1856 he erected the first store. In this the first stock of goods was opened by G. W. Jenre. He sold to Arnold & Davis, which firm was succeeded by Davis & Bowman. The second store was put up b}^ J. R. Frisbie, in 1872. Henry Bowman built a hardware store the same year. Davis City, named in honor of its first in- habitant, was as yet but a small village of not more than fifty people. Oscar Severe's harness shop came soon after the above named, and within the suc- ceeding three years were erected Archi- bald Rankin's drugstore. Young & Wren's " Chicago store," and Morris & Clark's store, which was the first brick building here. VILLAGES. 781 .* ♦ :♦♦: ♦ .♦' >>. >.♦. >.♦: >::♦: :♦:>: ;♦;>: ;♦:♦ :♦>: .♦>. >:♦. »i '•♦: < * ■ ♦ ;♦.;♦; ;♦;♦; :«.;*: »: :♦>; ■»;;♦; ;♦:;♦: >:;♦; »: ;<♦: :♦>: :♦>: :♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦;:♦: >■* . >* :♦:;♦; •♦;;♦; :♦>; :♦::« »>: :♦>: :♦:* :«:«! :♦::♦• ;♦::♦, »; :«::♦: :♦:;♦; »; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦.:♦: :♦.;« :♦:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:♦: :♦:«! :♦;;♦: :♦::♦; »; »; :♦::♦: »:« :♦::« .«!« :♦;♦: :«»: ;♦>; :♦:»: ;«»; :♦;:« :♦"♦: .♦_♦; ;♦::♦; ♦■■♦: The original town contained four blocks, 60 X 124 feet, and about 1870 Clark's addi- tion was laid out. Other additions have been made since, as needed. The village has grown gradually and steadily, having 348 inhabitants in i88o, 519 in 1885, and at present writing nearly 600. The postoffice was first at the house of W. F. Craig, he holding the appointment. Those commissioned since have been Hen- ry Bowman, James Teale, Carter Scott and Henry Bowman. The first school was taught in 1857, by Mrs. J. S. Warner. The present school- house is a two-story brick, costing $2,200. It stands in the western part of town. There are three rooms, and three teachers are employed. Eight months school is maintained. There is but one church, but it is a fine brick house. It was built by John Clark, in 1878, at a cost of S4.500, and is by him owned. It is open to any and all denomi- nations, without charge for use. It is 36.x 56, and will seat 250. The Methodists and United Brethren hold services on alternate Sundays, regularly, while occasional meet- ings are held by the Latter-Day Saints, Christians, Baptists and Advcntists. Rev. D. H. K. Dix is the Methodist pastor, and Rev. A. G. Wright the United Brethren pastor. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- road was built througii Davis City in 1879, and quite an impetus was thereby given to the growth of the place. SOCIETIES. Davis City Post, No. 306, G. A. R., was organized March 31, 1884, with twenty-two members, and was mustered in by Hugh White, of Mt. Ayr, under directions of de- partment mustering officer W. T. Wilkin- son. The officers for 1886 are: J. E. Teale, Commander: J. W. Sparger, Senior Vice- Commander; George D. Van Beek, Junior Vice-Commander ; W. C. Wheeler, Sur- geon: A. H. Anson, Officer of the Day; W. H. Fortune, Adjutant; S. Radwich, Quartermaster; W. F. Craig, Chaplain: Thomas Imcs, Officer of the Guard; J. W. Milligan, Sergeant-Major ; James Boldman, Quartermaster-Sergeant. The total en- rollment is now forty-six, and the active membership forty -one. The post has lost one member by death, A. Losey, who was adjutant from the dale of organization. In the spring of 1885 the post purchased a building, 24 x 66, for meeting purposes. The hall is 24 x 42, and there is a convenient ante-room at cacii end. The post meets twice a month. Davis City Lodge, No. ^7$, A. F. & A. M., has a membership of from twenty-five to thirty, and meets Friday evening on or before each full moon. The officers for 1886 are: J. B. Horner, Worshipful Mas- ter; Samuel Bowman, Secretary; J. S. Clark, Treasurer ; G. B. Keshlear, Senior Warden ; J. H. Bowman, Junior Warden. Davis City Lodge, No. 314, /. O. O. F., was organized in 1876, and William Asbach was the first Noble Grand. The officers at present writing are : G. P. Campbell, No- ble Grand ; O. A. Parmalee, Vice-Grand ; H. R. Campbell, Secretary ; Carter Scott, Treasurer. The membership is about thir- ty, and meetings are held on Saturday evenings. Davis City Lodge, No. 89, /. O. G. T., was organized in December, 1885, with four- teen members. The membership is now increased to forty, and meetings are held on Tuesday evenings, at Grand Army Hall. The officers for the current quarter are : W.F.Craig, Chief Templar: Mrs. Katie Kramer, Vice-Temi)lar ; Josic Kling, Sec- retary ; May Campbell, Assistant Secre- tary ; John Kling, Financial Secretary ; Walter McCuIlough, Treasurer: Mrs. S. L. Losey, Marshal. ;♦..♦ ;♦:;♦ ;♦> :♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ :« « .♦> :♦> >.♦ > • '.*'* :V.> :♦> :♦> :♦> :♦.♦ ;♦;♦ :♦;:♦ » :♦ ♦ :<■'* .V ♦ >,♦ :♦> :♦,♦ ,♦'♦ > ♦ > <• :♦ > > • ;♦;♦ :• * >;♦ :♦.♦ :♦ «■ :♦." ;♦ • > ♦ .* * :♦;♦ :♦,.♦ ,♦♦ « ♦ ♦.♦ ;♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :* * * * ♦ ♦ * ♦ »..»_t_t»,« '"♦VT>-VV*"»V>V'*"^~*'rrrf"TV'*V»"VVTVTVV-* VMyy - fvy y- ■ . .« .-« i^.^li^^.^C-'CV^.^.t.'V-.T-^OI^X 782 HISTORY OF DECATUR CO U NTT. .♦;.♦. ;•»:';♦; :♦:»; »;:♦; :*■■♦■ W. W. Peasley practiced law here from 1875 to 1885. J. H. Kling is here now, and J. H. Gates, of the firm of S. A. Gates & Bro. Drs. J. B. Horner, J. H. Barber and W. C. Wheeler are the physicians of Davis City. In the past have been here I. O. Day, his son-in-law. Murphy, and N. M. Smith. The Citizens' Bank was established here in 1879, by the Decatur County Banking Association. J. M. Arnold is cashier. The business of Davis City is represented in 1886 by the following firms: Adams Bros., Davis City Tidings; F. J. Arnold, drugs ; Mrs. S. E. Adams, photog- rapher ; Gil. Blue, blacksmith ; C. W. Browning, blacksmith ; J. H. Bowman, postmaster; William Bradley, restaurant; J. H. Barber, physician ; Bowman & Kesh- lear, general store ; Citizens' Bank ; Clark & Harve}', lumber ; Clark Brothers, mill ; F. M. Freeman, tinner and barber ; S. R. Frazier, groceries and hardware ; S. A. Gates & Bro., attorne3's ; J. B. Hor- ner, physician and surgeon ; E. Hynds, restaurant; J. P. Horton, Horton ITouse ; J. H. Kling, attorney; Mrs. J. W. Mather, milliner\' ; McCullough & Sylvester, meat market ; O. H. Parmalee, restaurant ; J H. Robinson, drugs; Mrs. Rasmussen hotel ; O. M. Severe, harness ; L. E Sweeten, Davis City Hotel ; J. N. Sylves ter, blacksmith and farm implements; A M. & F. M. Severe, dr}- goods ; Sutherlin & Shaffner, general stoi'c ; W. W. Sparker, shoe shop; A. G. Scott tS; Son, general store ; Mrs. J. M. Shepherd, miliinerv ; Teale & Kramer, hardware; T. L. Tullis, livery; W. C. Wheeler, physician; C. L. Yost drugs and groceries. 1,.\M0NI. Lamoni is a bright village of 400 inhabi- tants in Fayette Township. It is on sec- tions 2 and II, and was laid out in 1879, by a company under the auspices of the Chi- cago, Burlington & Quincv Railroad Com- pany. The township is largel}' settled b)^ the Latter-Day Saints, a ver}- thrifty and in- dustrious class of people. They are strong- ly opposed to polygamy, regarding the Utah branch as apostates. The Order of Enoch was organized in 1870, and repre- sentatives were sent to this region, to buy land. Finding much of the fair prairie of Fayette and adjoining townships in a state of nature, they purchased a large quantity of land here, and the immigration com- menced. At this time there was in this vicinity only a farm-house, on the eight}'- acre farm just north of Lamoni. It was owned by a Mr. Shepherd, whose widow afterward sold to F. Drummond. The lat- ter erected the house now occupied by E. H. Dancer, in 1877. The original farm- house is now owned by J. Foreman. The next nearest farm was that of E. Ferguson, half a mile east of where is now Lamoni. A. J. Green was, when he died, the old- est settler in this region, and he was one of the earl)- Saints. The first Saint to settle in this locality, however, was named Walker. The third of the three houses on the plat of Lamoni before 1879 was built by the Order of Enoch for a farm-house. It is now owned by William Deam. Z. H. Gurley had the first stock of goods in this vicinity, and kept them in the school-house at Hopkins' corner, as early as 1876. E. Banta managed the business of the order until 1876, and D. Dancer then acted as agent until the land was all sold. The railroad was built through in 1879, and the village laid out. The same year Thomas Tcale built his hardware store, Z. H. Gurley his drug store, Messrs. Bissel, Dickson and Ferguson their residences, and D. Dancer started his lumber yard. .♦:> :♦:♦ ;♦::* :♦:*■ :♦:;♦" ;♦:;♦: >:>: :•♦■:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦;■♦; :♦:;♦: ♦::♦" ♦:«: :♦::♦. *:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦' "*';»: •: ■« *.>: :♦;;♦; ;♦>: :♦:;♦: :♦"♦; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: »; :♦:;♦; .*;:♦: ;♦:>: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>; *;:♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦; ;♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ■ff-ff. :♦::♦; ;♦::♦; >»•;)♦! :♦::♦: ;♦"♦; ;♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦'* >:>: ;♦::♦! .♦::♦: ;♦"♦; :♦;;♦; :♦:;♦. :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: m. :♦:>; :♦::* :♦>: :♦"♦; ■•■:♦: >::♦; >:;♦; :♦::♦: >■;♦; >::♦; :♦>; ♦'>; ;♦::♦; ;♦;;♦; ;♦:;♦; ;♦;>; :♦;:♦; :♦;:♦; :♦>; :♦;:♦: ;♦:;♦; ♦::♦; »' '♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦;>; :♦;:♦; ♦ ♦ >»;■♦»; • ♦:•♦"♦::♦"♦::♦ .♦:;♦;:♦»> V ILL AG EH. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦:;♦: •:♦' ♦>; '♦:.♦: ♦ :♦: ♦ .♦ ♦::♦. >♦; •.♦' ♦!♦ ♦:;♦: ♦:♦; ♦:'•: :♦:* '♦"♦" ;♦::♦: :♦:;♦: *>; :•:* :«;:♦: :♦::♦: »; fCt :«♦: 'm :•:'♦: »r#: »:;«; »::«: ».:•: :♦:•►: »;;♦: ;♦:;♦: ?i^ !»:!♦: »:♦: ■»::♦: :♦;;♦: i** i** :♦::♦: :♦"♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: >;:♦; :♦:'♦: f?- :c*: ;♦:;♦: :♦::•: ;♦"♦: :•"♦: ♦"♦' • ♦ ♦. ♦. In iS8o Z. T. Earl & Co. bcjj^nn business, Paul Biggs built bis office and grain house, now owned by James Smith, and William Iiarl built the store now occupied by W. Hudson. In i8Si N. Recder and D. Dancer began selling farm implements, E. C. Dobson en- tered upon the furniture business, and the publishing oflicc ot the Latter-Day Saints was moved here from Piano, Illinois. In 1882 George Young built the store now owned by N. Reeder. In 1883 the cheese factory was built by a joint stock compan)' and the mill by P. Harris. In 1884 the church of the Latter-Day Saints was mostly built. The part of Lanioni west of the original survey was laid out by D. Dancer, and is occupied b}- private residences. The first birth was that of Bertie Lamoni White. The first marriage that of Neal Hammer and Lillie Brown. The school building was erected in 1882. It is two-stories, has three rooms and three teachers are employed. The Methodist church was built on Mr. Buck's farm, a mile and a half from La- moni, in 1872, and removed to the village in 1 88 1. Rev. Mr. Dix, of Davis City, preaches here alternate Sundays. TIte Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, whose principal place of business is at Lamoni, Decatur County, Iowa, is a proper succession of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, as organized by Joseph Smith, in Fayette Township, Seneca County, New York, -April 6, 1830, and of which it is a re-organi- zation. The circumstances which led to and made a re-organization necessary briefly told are : The original church attempted to remove from Kirtland, Oiiio, where there was a considerable number of com- municants, a temple, stores, mills and other adjuncts of social organization and occupation, into Jackson and adjoining counties, Missouri, with a view to establish their earthly Zion and its spiritual govern- ment. The new religion held by the saints was obnoxious to the orthodox element of Ohio; and the pronounced and radical views upon political topics held by the principal and leading men, rendered them equally obno.^ious to the political element, and under this pressure the removal from Ohio to Missouri went on from about 183 1 to i837-'8. In \.\\q. latter year ihc church was officially expelled from the State of Missouri, by the executive order of Gov- ernor Lilburn W. Boggs, carried into effect by Generals Clark and Lucas, in command of the .Missouri State .Militia. V^arious causes have been assigned as the reasons for this expulsion from the then new State of Missouri, some few of which are: The Saints were mostly Eastern men, and by education, political preference and religious bias were opposed to slaver)'. Their immigration into Missouri was in itself a threat against the institution of slavery. They were not slow to state their opinions ; and though in no single case is it known that a slave was interfered with or counseled or aided to esc.ipe from his master, the presence of so large a body so opposed to the peculiar institution was a standing menace, and the pro-slavery ele- ment was roused to resist further influx and encroachment. This was the principal reason. Another is to be found in the fact that the religion of this peculiar people was strongly aggressive, and its devotees made it a virtue to push the propagandiz- ing everywhere vigorously. This brought the ministrv into active forensic combat with the preachers of other tlenominations, and bitter religious animosity resulted, as in all other similar cases has been the his- tory of the world. Old faiths, entrenched in their conservative methods, could not brook what they termed the arrogant dog •S '■::« ,♦,« ♦:*• :♦:»; .♦;.« i<« ♦:« :♦:.« :*:»: !*:.♦: :c« ,♦>: :♦:« )«•♦ !•;» ■KM *.:«! ♦ « .■•-.V. w 5»::* *% :♦:« :♦:«! !*$ >:% m. ^% !♦:'♦: ♦ ■<( n ^ .♦ »-» » .•-*.♦..*#_♦, tJi «.♦. * -♦.#..♦. ♦, #■, ,«. !^, ♦ ' ♦..♦ ♦. .♦ ♦AA .♦. .♦.♦..♦, ♦3. *..♦:*.*>..♦_♦ .♦-♦..♦A ♦ ♦ «•* « !♦:♦-*> •* *»*■ :♦"«:♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>; :♦:»: ;♦::♦: :♦>: »: :♦>; :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :«♦; :♦::«': :♦>: :♦>: ;♦::♦; ♦::♦: :♦"♦; '♦:.*; :♦:*; ♦:;♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦>; :♦::« :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; ':»::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦>: :♦:;♦; :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :«:♦: ;♦;:♦: >;:♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦>; :♦:;♦; .♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: :«.« :♦;:♦; :♦;;♦: •«;♦: >3k »; :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: »;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; :♦"♦: :♦>: »: :♦::♦; :♦>; :♦::♦! :♦:;♦; :♦;;♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ^i^ :♦::♦: :•»;*! :♦"♦; ;♦>; :♦;:♦; >;;♦: :«::»: ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: »: i^ ♦:.♦; >;;♦: :♦::♦; :♦;:<■: :♦;♦: »: 3*!3r*:*:>>>>>>>>"CK**>">i ^♦^♦xcccc*: • >:>;»:>;*>;:cC'«;;cccc<*icc*xc****>>'>'*">:<^^ f >\»:>">r«'>":*:'*::«'::v"-:<">"*'>':-»'>::»:'*"v<>> - 784 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. matism and presumptuous claims of the new, and so resisted the aggressiveness by persecution. Besides this, there were un- doubtedly bad, irresponsible men on both sides, in the church and out, who made the religion of the people a cloak ; the one to shield, the other to bring discredit upon the faith and the people, while serving their own interests in unlawful ways. All these combined brought difficulty and collision between the Saints and citizens of Missouri, until the interference of the executive authority of the State was in- voked to restore and maintain the public peace. The final determination reached by the executive was followed by the arrest of some of the leading men against whom prosecution to conviction was never urged, and the expulsion of the entire body, and the abandonment of the State by some 12,000 of her citizens, against the very great majority of whom no charge was ever made, other than their religion, and their anti-slavery sentiments as a result of that religion. After this expulsion from Missouri in 1838, the Saints settled in Illinois, Com- merce, Hancock County, being made the principal seat of the church. Here the church flourished, with more or less of friction between themselves and other citi- zens, until the brothers Joseph and Hyrum Smith were killed at Carthage, the county seat of Hancock County, Illinois, on June 27, 1844, by a mob of 150 to 200 men, variously disguised to prevent recognition. The killing of these men was in itself bad enough, but when it is known that at the time they were waiting trial before the County Court, and in jail at the request of Governor Thomas Ford for ostensible safety against mob violence, it becomes atrocious, and assumes the form of a con- fession that the men were not guilty of what they were charged, and would not have been convicted if they had been tried. There had been an unprecedented growth in the church ; the City of Nauvoo, which had absorbed the town of Commerce, numbered 18,000, and there were in the county of Hancock and near adjoining counties about 7,000 more, a total of 25,000. These, however, were but a small part of the whole, as it was estimated that at the death of the Smiths the church numbered 150,000 in Europe and America. The con- flict between the citizens and the Saints was sharply renewed soon after the Smiths were killed. Brigham Young assumed the leadership of the church, and his policy was not calculated to ameliorate the condi- tion, but tended to irritate the outside ele- ment and aggravate the situation. The result was that in 1845 the church, by com- missioners upon its part, contracted with that portion of the citizens of the State hostile to their stay, through and by the aid of the officials of the State, who were engaged in the difficult and fruitless task of keeping the peace, ostensibly dealing impartially with both parties, to leave the State of Illinois, as a bod)'. This contract was consummated b}' a convention of delegates from nine counties held at Car- thage, Hancock Count}', September, 1845, which convention appointed General Har- din, Commander of the State Militia, Senator Stephen A. Douglas, W. B. War- ren and J. A. McDougal to demand the removal of the Mormons. This demand was made by these commissioners and an acquiescence returned in writing, dated October i, 1845, and signed by Brigham Young and VVillard Richards for the Saints. The agreement was carried into effect during the spring and summer of 1846, leaving a remnant, partially or wholly helpless, to be driven out by a mob in the fall of 1846, after the season had be- come inclement. The policy pursued by President Brigham Young, and the dogmas which he ■»:*: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; :♦;*. ■*»; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::'*': :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; '*::♦: »::♦; :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: ;♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:•»: *"♦•■ :♦::•>; •♦:;♦: ■♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦' :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:'*■: .«;♦: :♦:;♦: •••;■•» :♦::♦ :♦:.'.'. :♦:>■ :♦;> :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: ■♦;:•»: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::•»: ;♦::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦:;♦; •»::♦; :♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦:>■ :<•::♦' :♦;♦' '♦;♦: *:♦, :♦:* ;♦::♦: »; :♦:>: :♦::♦; ;••;♦: ;♦:;♦ :♦:.♦' '♦: <-: :•♦:.♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦' :♦;>; :♦;* :♦:,♦: !♦"*; ;♦',♦; :♦:>: >;;♦: :♦:;♦: ■♦::♦: .♦..♦-, »; :♦::♦> :<«! :♦>: >;:♦! »: »; :c« :♦;:« ;«♦! :♦:« ;♦:•« *~5 »' ;<«! ;♦:« :«:« :«>: :*>: :♦:♦■ :♦>: »; :•»! :*>] »: »: »: :«»: :«« :«« :«:« :c«i »: :♦>; >::♦: :*>: :♦>: ;♦:« :«« :*>: »>: :♦"♦: :<♦; :c«i >r«! :♦'« :«•>: :♦:>: :*;♦! :♦>: :♦::••! :♦>: :*:« »: :♦>: »: »: »:% »:« :«»> :«♦! :«« :♦::•« :♦:« *:••! :«:« :♦:« ♦:••; :«u*i *rM :<♦; :«;;♦! :«»: :«»: :«»: :•>: !♦:;♦: :♦::♦: ♦'♦■ ♦ »♦ » >.♦: VILLAGES. 785 introduced were not in keeping with those held by the church prior to the death of Joseph and Myrum Smith, and many, in- cluding the widow of Joseph and all of his immediate family, three of the original twelve, William Smith, brother of Jbseph and Hyrum, John E. Page and Lyman Wright and William Marks, President of the Church Stake at Nauvoo, refused cre- dence and allegiance. These disaffected ones scattered from the City of Nauvoo and the county of Hancock in every direc- tion ; notably along the route pursued by the fleeing Saints in their exodus. South- ern and Western Iowa and Northern Mis- souri retaining a large percentage of them. As the views and tenets introduced by Brigham Young became more widely known, the number of dissenters grew larger, and in 1851 a movement looking to a regatheringand re-organizing of the scat- tered fragments of the church so left began among a few of the elders and mem- bers located in Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois. Among those who were most active in this movement were Jason W. Briggs, Zenas II. Gurley, Sr., David Powell, Cyrus and Reuben Newkirk, H. H. Deam and others, all of them having held official membership in the church be- fore the death of the Smiths. After a term of private labor from house to liouse, and by correspondence, a conference was called and convened at Newark near Bcloit, Wis- consin, June 12, 1852. At this conference measures were adopted for an organization, and further dissemination of the views held touching church polity and doctrine, and resolutions strongly denunciatory of the dogma of polygamy or plurality of wives, then known to be secretly held by the church in Utah under President Brigham Young. This was very timely ; for within three months thereafter, on August 29, 1852, eight years and two months and two days after the death of the Smiths, Brigham Young threw of! the mask of concealment and had the dogma of plural marriage pronudgcd at a special conference in Salt Lake City, Utah, pro- claiming it much in the style of a Bull from the Pope. At the conference held at Newark, June 12, 1852, the principle upon which it was proposed to prosecute the work of this re- organization as contradistinguished frora the Utah church, may be be found in the following : "Resolved, that this conference believe it the duty of the elders of the church, (who have been legally ordained), to cry repent- ance and remission of sins to this genera- tion through obedience to the gospel as revealed in the record of the Jews, the Book of Mormon, and Book of Doctrine and Covenants; and not faint in the dis- charge of dut}'." A committee consisting of Jason W. Briggs, Zenas H. Gurley, Sr., and John Harrington was appointed, who wrote a pamphlet entitled, "A Word of Consolation to the Scattered Saints." This pamphlet was freely circulated, and on October 6. 1852, another session with increased num- bers was held, and the growth and vigor of the movement are shown in the follow- ing extracts from their own historian : "At this conference the gifts were abundantly enjoyed, and the Saints were greatly strengthened and assured of the triumph of the work of restoration to the old paths. Also, during these meetings •we were forwarncd of the war between the South and the North, its sanguinary character and its extent ; also, the success of the North was portra^'cd in all the vivid exactness of the subsequent history of the civil war." From this date to the 6th of April, 1853, great activity i)revailed among those engaged in the work of re-organization. On the date named, a conference assembled >:•«{ :♦?* »! :♦?♦ ;♦:♦ » :♦:* :♦>: >S»: :«« :♦::« :♦>: »: »; »>: :<«': :♦>; >:»! :♦::♦: nrjf. ■♦::♦: »: »: > < :♦ > < :♦:>; :«:♦: :♦>: ^ :♦:« :«x<»: *>; ;♦?( ♦"♦: ;♦■:«! *■»: :«:«! :♦;•»! :♦"« :♦::♦: ,♦.:♦: .♦♦ :♦.♦ >.♦ :♦;* :♦:«; »>; *rd inx :♦:* ;«»: :♦';♦: :♦..♦ .♦. ♦ >.* ♦ ■ ■*,♦. :♦-* »:♦: *:♦: f>'V*T* ♦:»■■»"♦■"♦"♦■■♦"♦ ♦vv»>'vvvv'*vv ►♦'♦'♦"'♦'■♦'>.'♦'♦■'♦■■♦■■♦ ♦""♦"» ♦"vv .-♦-♦-»-» v%»ygK i ^^> :«- . »;:«:c*/*>"cc*:*.*i»::**:*>::»>;.-ic*:.**.!»"*:3i;.* »;<♦::♦:♦;:♦;•«;:♦;♦;:♦«■:♦;;♦:■♦::♦:♦;•♦;'♦:*:♦;:♦::♦;*;♦;■«♦ 78G HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTT. ■:m. .«•::♦; :«::♦: :«:« %.♦: »:»: ;«:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: »:»: ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦»♦: ;♦;»: :♦::♦: :♦:»: :♦"♦: >::4>: :♦::♦: »::♦; :♦::♦: ;«::♦: !»::♦: »::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦"♦: »::« »::♦: ;•»"♦: »::♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: !»:;« :♦;:♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; »::♦: !»"♦: :♦::♦: :••'"♦: :«::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦>: ;♦::♦: >::♦: »;:♦: ^x »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;>: :♦;;♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :*:.♦: :♦>: :♦"♦; »:;♦: :♦"♦: !»:>: :♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: !»::♦; »:;♦; :♦::♦: >::♦; ■*:»; re* ^i^ »::♦: !»:;«: ;*!•• :♦;;♦; >:;♦: ♦■♦ !♦:♦: at the Yellowstone, Wisconsin, and after much discussion an organization more coinplete in its character was perfected, and upon what was deemed competent divine direction the following persons were selected and chosen to fill the respective offices named : Samuel Blair, General Church Recorder ; Zenas H. Gurley, Sr., Henry H. Deam, Jason W. Briggs, Daniel B. Razv, John Cunningham, George White and Reuben Newkirk, Apostles. A Stake of Zion was established at Argyle, Lafay- ette Countv, Wisconsin, of which Wm. Cline was chosen President, with Cyrus Newkirk and Isaac Butterfield, Counselors; David Newkirk, Wm. Cline, Jr., Wm. Newkirk, Ira Guilford, George Godfrey, Wm. Smith, Wm. Hartshorn, Wm. White, Benjamin R. Tatem, Ethan Griffith, Sam- uel Blair, George W. Harlow, H. W. Ovitt, Edwin Wildermuth, Major Godfrey, Wm. Griffith, John Butterfield and Wm. Harlow, Seventy. In respect to this organization Elder Ja- son W. Briggs, the constitutional lawyer of the body at the time, has stated: "And in justification of the course taken and the principles involved on the question of authority we have ever courted, and still court, investigation in the rigid character of the facts in the first organiza- tion. Here they are: Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery were ordained to the lesser priesthood by an angel ; then by this authority and a commandment, they on the 6th day of April, 1830, ordained each other elders, and the eldership ordained high priests and apostles, and this high- priesthood, ordained by commandment, the president of the high priesthood, the highest office in the church, so that the alleged lesser ordaining the greater is com- mon to both the first organization and the re-organization alike. The class of facts justify both, or condemn both. " But this stream rising: hieher than its fountain, is only seeming, not real By what authority, according the law of God, is any one ordained? Answer: By the power of the Holy Ghost, which is in the one who ordains him. Instead then of this being the stream, it is the fountain itself, from which flows the stream or authority of both priesthoods from its highest to its lowest offices. Moreover, all ordinations are performed in the name and authority of the church, and are therefore the acts of the 'Spiritand Bride.' So that in addition to the authority which its adherence to truth guarantees, the re-organization is techni- cally right, and on legal grounds invulner- able ; before which all the factions have melted away save the one — and the)' dare not assail it, but always decline." At an annual conference held at Amboy, Lee County, Illinois, April 6, i860, Joseph Smith, now of Lamoni, Iowa, connected himself with the movement. He was re- ceived into fellowship upon a baptism per- formed by his father before his death, and was chosen to preside by a unanimous vote, and ordained by Wm. Marks and others. His coming and presence at the conference had been certified by the Spirit and confidently predicted ; and when he with his mother was presented to the assembly great enthusiasm was manifest. The various prophecies concerning the event had now been fulfilled and all were filled with testimony of the acceptance of the work already done. The number composing the church when this event took place was probably less than 200, comprised in some three or four organized congregations, with a great majority scattered in various localities of Northern Illinois and Iowa, and Southern Wisconsin. One church in Wayne County, Illinois, under the pastoral charge of Elder Thos. P. Green, numbered forty-two, and was built up by Elder Green personally, he having been ordained and sent into Wayne **< »::« :♦::♦; :«»: »:c« :♦;;♦: :♦>: :♦>: :♦<:♦; :♦.:♦: :♦::♦: :«:>: »;:♦: :♦:* :♦:♦ :♦::♦! ;«.;♦: »::♦; :♦"♦' >::« >* »>: >::♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦«♦; m ;«::♦: ;♦»♦: '*:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:♦ :♦::♦: :♦;»; >>; w-d :♦:♦* •dm :♦»♦: :♦:»: dd »!»: !»?♦: :♦•»: dx :♦::«. »;:♦: :♦>: ;«;« :♦::« :c« :♦;♦: :♦::♦: :♦::« :♦>; :♦::« m :«»: :«« ;♦;:« :«:♦: dk .«>: »::♦: ;«:•« :♦>: ;«:« :«k »"♦; :♦.:« »>; :«:« »::« »::« »::« d'ti >. •si VILLAGES. 787 > ♦ ♦ ♦ ,♦ ♦ >> >'> > ♦ ;♦♦ :♦.♦ ;♦> >■.♦ :♦♦ » ♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ ;♦>: »: :♦>: »;;♦: ;♦:;♦. ;♦:>: >:♦ ♦ .♦ >.♦ ;♦ ♦ :♦ ♦ ;♦ ♦ >:♦ :♦:♦: >■■♦ »: >::♦: > ♦ !♦. «■ >♦ ;♦,;♦; :•:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦. :♦;;♦■ :♦::♦ :♦::♦ ;♦::♦ :«•* ;♦:>. >::♦ :♦.;♦ ;♦::♦ ;♦;♦ > f :♦ ♦ :♦,♦ ;♦;♦ :♦,;♦ :♦.:♦ :♦.;♦ :♦;;♦. ;♦ > > ♦ > ♦ ;♦„♦. :♦;;♦. ».;♦. >» (♦• :• * > « ;♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦.♦ :♦ ♦ ;♦'♦ > * :♦ ♦ :« ♦ I* « :♦'♦ :♦ ♦ County by Joseph Smith, the elder, in 1842. The adhesion of Joseph Smith to the re- organized church, and the position he assumed in regard to tlie leadership of Brigham Voung and the dogma and prac- tice of polygamy, raised the issue direct between the two churches; tiie one in the valleys of Utah, the other in the States ; the one seemingly in defiance of the laws of the United States, the other teaching an obedience to such laws; the one teaching and practicing a plurality of wives, the other the sacredness of the family relation in monogamy. Both claiined to be a legal succession to the church organized April 6, 1830. These rival claims were placed in examination before the District Court of Common Pleas, Lake County, Ohio, for the February Term of 1880, in an issue joined to test the validity of a claim made by the re-organized church to the Temple, at Kirtland, in a suit to perfect the title in said re-organized church ; I Ion. L. S. Sherman, Judge; F. Paine, Jr., Clerk, and C. F. Morlcy, Sheriff. This suit was brought by the re-organized church against a number of defendants, including the church in Utah ; and the decision of the court was in favor of the former, de- claring it to be the "true and lawful con- tiiuiation of, and successor to, the said original Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Day Saints, organized in 1830, and is enti- tled to all its rights and property. From i860 the new movement gained ground rapidly. All over the West, elders moved here and there propagating the renewed gospel, the necessity for, and the correctness of, the re-organization. Able ministers were chosen and sent abroad. Joseph Smith and his brothers, .Mcxander H. and Daniel H., wiio united with the church, went at once into the active min- istry. Many once connected with the church in the days of Joseph and Hyrum Smith flocked to the standard thus up- raised. Samuel Powers, William W. Blair, E. C. Briggs and James Blakeslee had been successively ordained into the apos- tolic office; William Marks, Sr.,and W. \V. Blair were chosen as counsellors to the President ; an effort was made to systema- tize ministerial labor; branches or organiza- tions were authorized and established, and a general era of prosperity inaugurated. In 1863 E. C. Bnggs and Alexander Mc- Cord, the latter one of the celebrated "Mormon Battalion," recruited at Garden Grove and Council Bluffs for the Mexican war from the fleeing Saints in 1846, were sent by the church to Utah as missionaries. They presented themselves to President Brigham Young, stating who they were, whom they represented, why they were in the Territory, and asking the use of jnib- lic buildings in which to present their views to the people. They were received with scorn and their request for buildings in which to speak was denied —indignantly denied — by President Young. Indeed, El- der Briggs was told that "no building in the Territory, over which President Young had authority, should be open to him or his preaching." Elder Briggs reported to General P. \\. Connor, then in charge ol the United States troops at Fort Douglas, stating who he was, what his object in vis- iting the Territory was, and asking the protection of the Government, if necessary. General Connor notified President Young that if harm came to the "Josephite mis- sionaries," as the Mormons called them, he should hold him responsible. Whether this was necessary or not, circumstances seemed to justify it. From 1863 to the present the re-organized church has kept an active missionary force in Utah with headquarters at Salt Lake City. They have congregations at Salt Lake City, with a small, but neat church buildine: ; at Pleasant Grove, Provo, Springville, ♦ .♦ :♦:♦ ,♦ ♦. >♦. ♦ :♦. « * .♦:♦. :♦;♦ .♦> :♦:♦. .♦.♦ ♦,:♦ * * ♦ ♦ * • * * .♦;♦ :♦ >: '♦■ ♦ ♦ ♦ <. ♦ .♦.♦ ;♦♦ :♦,.♦ ;♦♦ ♦ ♦ .♦.♦ .♦:♦. » ;♦:;♦ ;♦;♦ :♦;♦ :♦::♦ >> > ♦ ♦ ♦ 4* « ♦ A >:♦ :♦.♦ .♦.♦, ;♦..♦. :♦.:♦. *» * ♦ ♦ ♦ :♦:♦ .♦';♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ » >::♦: ;■»;■:♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦' ;♦;:♦■ >::♦; 'MX :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::«> >;j»5 MTM :♦:;♦: :♦::♦; >:»: :♦;;♦; »; >:>: :♦::«! »: :♦::« :c« :c« ;«:« ,♦::♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦::« ;<« :♦::♦; >:* :♦>; ;♦>: *:« »: :♦:>: :♦»! »; :♦>; >v« >::•« :♦;:♦; :♦:;« :♦::« :♦::♦; »: :♦:»; :«:♦: »: >:»: :♦::« :♦-« :«::« :♦::« :♦:;« :♦,♦: :♦»; »-« :♦::« :♦:;♦: :«:♦: >:»: >::« :c« ;«♦; >;:♦: :«►; •Mi :«« :•»•::••> ;♦!♦; >:>: >::« >x« :«'♦; :«:♦: .*r« :♦:;••! :♦;♦; :«:« ;c*: >x« :♦>: ;«;« :«:« :«»: :«:« :♦:.« :«:♦: :♦;:-« -«:-»v'»-»-»-»:Jir4"<»r»:»:»r€»::»:>:»r»::<>^^^ 788 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTT. Salem, Richfield, Beaver and other points in Utah ; at Malad, Idaho, with a building, and at Reese Creek, Montana, and a build- ing ; all active and as flourishing as the conditions permit. There are now rising of 400 branches in the several States and Territories, a mem- bership of over 1,000 on the Society Islands, under the pastorate of Apostle Thomas W. Smith; a fair and increasing membership in England, Thomas Taylor of Birmingham, in charge; a number of branches in Wales, Thomas E. Jenkins in charge; several branches in Australia, Joseph F. Burton, missionary and in charge, with a member- ship of nearly 20,000 communicants in all. In the same year of 1863, Jason W. Briggs, Charles Derry and Jeremiah Jere- miah were sent to Wales, thus opening the work of the re-organization there under these efficient men. When it is known that large numbers of those making up the mass of the church in Utah; that there were in the British Isles, under the pastorate of Orsen Pratt, at one time over 35,000 mem- bers, and that 10,000 of these apostatized in one year after the introduction of plurality of wives in 1852, it will be seen how im- portant it was that good men should be sent from these re-organizers in America. Of the work thus commenced in Wales, Elder Briggs states "that it commenced in the same street of the same town, and within half a stone's throw of where it began in Wales in the days of the first Joseph; and it is received by the very people that received it then." The church began the publication of an organ called Tlie Saints Herald, at Cincin- nati, Ohio, Elder Isaac Sheen, editor, in January, i86o; the paper was then a small sixteen-page pamphlet, and was issued as a monthly periodical, and appeared at ir- regular intervals, until in the summer of 1863, Israel L. Rogers, Bishop of the church, purchased the material of an ordi- nary country newspaper; including a No, 4, Washington Medallion hand-press, head- ings, type, etc., removed the same to the little town of Piano, Kendall Count}-, Illi- nois, and established theiTfr^/rt^office, with Elder Isaac Sheen, editor, and W. D. Mor- ton, printer, in a room 16 x 18 feet in size. Mr. Sheen was also church recorder, and held his office in the same room. To this small beginning constant additions were made until the establishment in charge of the Board of Publication, consisting of George A. Blakeslee, of Galien, Michigan; Phineas Cadwell, of Logan, Iowa; David Dancer, E. Banta and W. W. Blair, of La- moni, Iowa. Of these, Mr. Blakeslee is President; Mr. Banta, Treasurer, and Mr. Dancer, Business Manager, and in charge. The property at Laraoni consists of a two- story brick building 30 x 70 feet in size, containing a counting and sales room, a store-room, mailing-room, press-room, in which there are two C3'linder book and job presses, a Gordon jobber, and a stereotyp- ing apparatus, and an engine-room in which an excellent Ames engine of eight horse- power furnishes the power, all on the first floor ; up stairs, an editorial-room and li- brary containing several hundred volumes belonging to the church ; the church re- corder's room, now occupied by Elder Henrj' A. Stebbins, Elder Sheen's succes- sor; a composing-room, where a corps of printers under John Scott, superintendent, set the type for the Herald, the organ of the church: Zions Hope, a Sunday-school paper; the Sandltedrin s Banner, a Scandina- vian paper, and all other church papers and books. The Board of Publication print and keep on sale the books of the church; the "H0I3' Scriptures," a transla- tion and revision of the Old and New Tes- taments, by Joseph Smith ; the "Book of Mormon" (Golden Bible) ; the "Doctrine and Covenants " (book of discipline) ; "Voice of Warning," a "History of Joseph >:>: :♦::♦; :♦;•»: :♦!>: »: :♦::♦: >::♦; :♦;:♦; Mw. :♦>: :♦:>: :♦::♦; »: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >::♦: >::♦: ;♦:>; ;♦::♦: :♦:*' :♦>: >:;« »: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦; »::*. :♦;;♦; ;♦;:♦; ;♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: *x*: ;♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;:♦: ^ :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :«»; :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦:;♦; :♦:;«: >:;♦; :♦::«: :•»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;«:♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦>: :♦;:♦: :c* ^x* >x« :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; :♦;;♦: :♦::♦. :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: ic*: :♦::♦: :«:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦: ;«:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: ;♦;;♦: :♦::♦: >x»: :♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: 'M'Uf. :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦; :♦>: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :♦:;♦: ;«:♦: ;♦:;♦: ;♦>: ;♦:;♦: :♦;>; ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦; :♦::♦;;♦;;* • ♦ :«:♦: *i^ >.:♦ »: :♦"♦: :♦::«> »; :♦::♦; :♦> •>. ,♦::♦: »; ;♦.:♦: >:♦: »: :♦::*: >::♦: >:>: :*>: :♦::■•! :♦:•« :♦:>; :♦:*■ ;♦:>: ;♦>: *>; :♦>: »; >::♦: ;c« :«'>: :♦:« ;♦::♦: >:>: >::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦! »: »: :«):♦: :♦::♦; :♦::« :♦"♦: »: ;♦::♦: :«;:♦: ;♦:♦; ;♦"«! :♦;:»: :♦;>: :♦::«: ■♦?♦; :♦>: :♦!!•♦! :♦:*■ >::»; :♦::♦; :♦;:♦; »: :♦:>: :«::♦: :•::♦; :*:>: :♦:;♦: ;♦>; ;♦:;♦; :♦;:♦: >::♦; ;♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦;>: :♦::♦: :*::♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:>: :♦>: :«:♦; '♦::♦: ;♦:;♦: '♦;:♦: :*::*: :♦::•: :«::*: ■»:•! !«;■♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: VILLAGES. 780 Smith," by E. Tullidge, a large, fine edition, and one by his mother, Lucy Smith, en- titled "Joseph Smith and His Progenitors"; together with tracts in quantity, designed for church work. The office and pinnt are valued at near $20,000, and it is undoubtedly the finest establishment ol its kind in the State : and the building seen from the trains as they pass to and fro over the Grant City Branch ot the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, makes an imposing and fine appearance. The branch at Lamoni was organized in 1871, with barely a constitutional member- ship of nine, Elder Charles H. Jones pre- siding; it now numbers 577. The principal seat of church business is here, the printing office, where the church organ, the Herald, is published, the church library, and the church recorder's office and the office of the presidency are all located here. A church 50 X 90 feet, with the vestibule, having an auditorium 48 .\ 78 feet, above, and a room for ordinary lectures, Sunday- school, and prayer service in the basement. The ceiling in the main room is twenty-five feet in height in the center, and has a fine pulpit in walnut, the workmanship and gift of the architect of the building, Thomas Jacobs, resident at Lamoni ; the seating ca- pacity of this room is calculated to be !,ooo. There are two towers on the front of the building, the one on the north side having a bell of fine tone hung in it. The following epitome contains the prin- cipal features of the faith of this singular people. VVc believe in God the Eternal Father, and in his Son Jesus Christ, and in the Holy Ghost. Matt. 28:19. I John 1:3. St. John 1 1 : 26. We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not for Adam's transgression. Ecc. 12:14. Matt. 16:27. I Cor. 3: 13. Rev. 20: 12-15. We believe that through the atonement of Christ, all men may be saved by obedi- ence to the laws and ordinances of the Gospel. I Cor. 15:3. 2 Tim. i : 10. Rom. 8 : 1-6. We believe that these ordinances are: — (ist.) Faith in God and in the Lord Jesus Christ. Hcb. 11:6. i Pet. i :2i. i Tim. 4:10. John 3:16, 18, 36. Mark 11:22. John 14 : [. (2d.) Repentance. Matt. 3 : 2, 8, 1 1. Luke 13:3:24:47. Ezek. 18:30. Mark 1 : 5, 15. Acts 2 : 38. Rom. 2:4. 11 Cor. 7:10. (3d.) Baptism by immersion for the re- mission of sins. Matt. 3:13-15. Mark I : 4, 5. Luke 3 : 3. John 3:5. Acts 2:38; 22:16; 2:41:8:12, 37, 38. Mark 16:16. Col. 2:12. Rom. 6:4, 5. John 3 : 23. Acts 8 : 38, 39- (4th.) Laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost. Deut. 34:9. John 20:21, 22. Acts 8: 17 ; 19:6. i Tim 4: 14. Acts 9:17. I Cor. 12:3. Acts 19: 1-6. (5th.) We believe in the resurrection of the body ; that the dead in Christ will rise first, and the rest of the dead will not live again imtil the thousand years are expired. Job 19:25,26. Dan. 12:2. i Cor. 15:42. I Thcs. 4:16. Rev. 20:6. Acts 17:31. Phil . 3:21. John 1 1 : 24. Isa. 26: 19. Ps. 17: 15. (6th.) We believe in the doctrine of eter- nal judgment, which provides that men shall be judged, rewarded, or punished, according to the degree of good or evil they shall have done. Rev. 20:12. Ecc. 3:17. Matt. 16:27. 2 Cor. 5 : to. 2 Pet. 2:4, 13, 17. We believe that a man must be called ol God, and ordained by the laying on of hands of those who are in authority, tf) entitle him \o preach the (iospel, and ad- minister in the onlinances thereof. Heb. 5 : I, 5, 6, 8. Acts I : 24, 25 ; 14 : 2},. Eph. 4:11. John 15 : 16. We believe in the s.ime kiiul of organ- ization that existed in the primitive church. :♦>. ■♦:>' :♦♦ ♦.♦ » » » i*:»; :♦>; » >:;♦; » » » IS »>. iM>: i :♦>: :♦::•: i .«> (*> »::♦; *>: !•>: :♦>: »; ^ >♦ ;♦.:♦. »>; !•£•: ♦ • •>',«;>;!♦'♦"♦ ♦♦»♦♦♦ ♦:♦"♦"'♦■>•■♦"♦'♦♦:■♦;♦:.♦♦>:.♦♦ *♦. :«>: m m '♦::♦; ♦^* ;♦"* !♦:;♦: :«:♦: fM »::♦: ■«;« :«'»: I;* 1 :♦>: :♦::♦: '♦>: ^:*: ;♦;»: m m ;*:♦: :♦>: ^1 ^^■ :♦>: ?-«* ^* ^^ ^N 790 HISTORT OF DECATUR COUNTY. viz. : Apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, etc. i Cor. 12 : 28. Matt. 10:1. Acts 6 : 4. Eph. 4: 1 1 ; 2 : 20. Titus 1:5- We believe that in the Bible is contained the word of God, so far as it is translated correctly. We believe that the canon of Scripture is not full, but that God, b}' His Spirit, will continue to reveal His word to man until the end of time. Job 32 : 8. Heb. 13:8. Pro V. 29 : 18. Amos 3:7. Jer. 23:4; 31:31, 34; 33; 6. Ps. 85:10, II. Luke 17: 26. Rev. 14:6, 7; 19: 10. W"e believe in the powers and gifts of the everlasting Gospel, viz.: the gift of faith, discerning of spirits, prophecy, revelation, healing, visions, tongues, and the interpre- tation of tongues, wisdom, charity, brotherly love, etc. I Cor. 12:1-11; 14:26. John 14: 24. Acts 2 : 3. Matt. 28 : 19, 20. Mark 16:16. We believe that marriage is ordained of God : and that the law of God provides for but one companion in wedlock, for either man or woman, except in cases where the contract of marriage is broken by death or transgression. Gen. 2:18, 21-24:7:1,7,13. Prov. 5 : 15-21. Mai. 2: 14, 15. Matt. 19: 4-6. I Cor. 7:2. Heb. 13:4. D. & C. 42:7; 49:3. We believe that the doctrines of a plu- rality and a community of wives are here- sies, and are opposed to the law of God. Gen. 4: 19, 23, 24; 7:9; 22:2, in connec- tion Gal. 4th and 5th c. Gen. 21:8-10. Mai. 2: 14, 15. Matt. 19: 3-9. The Book OF" Mormon says : "Wherefore, my breth- ren, hear me, and hearken to the word of the Lord : For there shall not any man among you have save it be ONE wife, and concubines he shall have none, for I, the Lord God, delighteth in tlic chastity of women. And whoredoms are an abomina- tion before me, saith the Lord of hosts." — Jacob 2 : 6-9. We believe that in all matters of contro- versy upon the duty of man toward God, and in reference to preparation and fitness for the world to come, the word of God should be decisive and the end of dispute : and that when God directs, man should obey. We believe that the religion of Jesus Christ, as taught in the New Testament Scriptures, will, if its precepts are accepted and obeyed, make men and women better in the domestic circle, and better citizens of town, count}' and State, and conse- quently better fitted for the change which Cometh at death. We believe that men should worship God in "Spirit and in truth" ; and that such worship does not require a violation of the constitutional law of the land. John 4: 21- 24. Doctrine and Covenants, sec. 58, par. 5- We claim the privilege of worshiping Almighty God according to the dictates of our conscience, allow all men the same privilege, let them worship how, where, or what they may. The Lamoni Gazette was started in No- vember, 1885, by Sumner E. King, from Mormontown, Missouri. He sold, three months later, to Walker & Hansen, the present proprietors. It is a six-column folio, published on Tuesdays, at $1.00 per year, and independent politically. The only lawyer residing here is W. A. Williams. The first physician at Lamoni was Dr. Bissell. Those now residing here are Drs. J. W. De Noon, J. J. Stafford, J. H. Han- sen and D. D. Steiner. The business of Lamoni in 18S6 is repre- sented by the following firms : George Adams, mill ; Robert Booth, gro- cery ; Blair & Bell, general store ; Miss Cazley, millinery ; George Derry, harness and shoes ; E. H.. Dancer, lumber and im- plements ; Z. T. Earl, general stock ; Will- iam Gray, hotel ; W. H. Graham, hotel ; *;^ :♦::«? m :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦>; *;«5 :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦:•« :*:♦: :♦::« fiJuk *?§ :♦;;« :♦::« :♦:>: :♦::♦; :♦:>: •»::«■ :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :«':4> :♦::« :«;:♦: •^>: :♦*♦: 5»;>; :♦::♦: :♦::« »:»5 :♦:;»: :♦::« :♦:!♦: »::♦: »::« :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦::« :♦::♦: :«■:♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :c* ;♦::« :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦:»: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;« :♦::♦: :♦;>; >::♦: »; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦:>: :♦::♦: ;♦:* »::« •«»; :♦::« :♦::♦: ;♦::-•■: »::♦: :♦;:« ■»», :♦::♦: :♦::« :«:♦: :♦::♦: :«:'« ;*:« :♦::♦: ♦ ♦ ♦ * ♦ * ♦ * '♦:♦ :♦:.♦: ^ :♦:.♦. :«:♦: ■•X*: ;♦>: '#>: :♦!:♦: »>; *;♦: :♦:;♦: »::♦: :«* K>: )k:« r« :«■♦: ♦::♦: ;♦::«': .v:«: 1^ : :♦;:♦: «;♦: :♦>: VILLAGES. 701 :«!;♦: :♦:,♦: :«;♦: !♦;:♦; Is • ♦: !♦:♦ Walker & Hansen, drugs ; Hogue, Cliim & Bailc), hardware and tiiishop : W. Hud- sun, general store ; Hopkins Bros., imple- ments and furniture ; George Johnson, jeweler: Miss L. L. Lyons, postmistress; D. F. Nicholson, hardware ; Olsen ♦ .♦ ♦ > ♦ ♦ ,♦;♦ .♦.♦: :♦'♦: ;♦ ♦■■ '♦.♦: ♦ .♦. .♦>! >>; :♦.♦: ;♦:♦' ♦ » ♦ ♦: ♦ ♦' ♦ • ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ » ♦ ♦ ♦ 1 r**.* ♦.♦♦„♦..♦ .♦..♦.*.J'.*.*.*.*.AAAAAJt.t.A4..tJtJtAitJt.*-.». ♦.>..♦_*<♦>;♦ :♦::«:♦: ■ »;;♦: »>: »::« »~« :♦>: »x« »: :♦:;♦; :«>: :♦::♦: »:»: »::♦: '♦;:♦; »«♦: »>: :♦>: »::« »>: :♦>: »>: ;«»: »>: »::« »>: :♦:;<»: »>: ;«>: »:;« »>: :♦>: »r« :♦>: »>: »>: »:;♦: »>: »>: !•>>: :♦::♦: .♦::♦: »>: »::♦: ;♦>: »>: »"♦: :♦;!♦; »>: :♦>: :♦>: »"« :♦„« :♦:;♦: ;♦>: :♦>: »>: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«!♦: »>: »;:♦; »::♦: »>: :«:♦: »>: :♦>: ?•=♦• »>: Wi *:;♦: mk »r« :<«:♦: »»: »>: »::« :♦:♦: !«'♦: »;:♦: :c« ;♦;;♦; >"♦; '♦:>: >;;♦: :«:♦: >:♦: :♦:.♦: '*'.'>'. 793 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. Grand ; Samuel Schenck, Recording Secre- tary ; J. S. TiiUis, Permanent Secretary; Jesse Lloyd, Treasurer. Friendship, Re- bekah-Degrce Lodge, No. n, I. O. O. F., was chartered July 20, 18S0, with twenty members, which number has since doubled. Meetings are held Wednesday evening on or before each full moon. Decatur Post, No. 410, G. A. R., was mustered in Decem- ber, 1885, with a dozen or so members. This number is now doubled. Meetings are held on Tuesday evenings, twice a month. The officers for 1 886 are: Thom- as Ward, Commander ; D. W. Robinson, Senior Vice-Commander; David R. Spring- stein, Junior Vice-Commander ; S. W. Chamberlain, Adjutant ; John Lake, Quar- termaster. Marion Woodard has been in practice for three 3'ears, and is the only attorney re- siding here. Fred Teale was formerly a practicing attorney, and back in county- seat times C. W. Bridges and P. H. Binck- ley were located here. W. J. Laney, H. Parrish and David R. Springstein are the physicians of the place. In the past this has at different times been the home of J. R. McClelland, O. A. Day, Samuel Day, Stringer, H. C. Bone, E. Meacham, Joseph PuckettandJ. R.Teller. Two newspapers have been published here — the Commoner, by F. A. C. Foreman, from 1859 to 1861, and the Decatur Enter- prise, in i866-'7, by Hon. C. S. Wilson. Foreman went from here to Chicago, and afterward died at Marengo, Iowa. Wil- son afterward became editor of the Des Moines Daily News. The business firms of 1S86 are: A. Brockway, furniture ; John Campbell, livery ; S. W. Chamberlain, postoffice and grocery ; Mrs. Corrington, millinery ; Cov- ington Bros., general merchandise ; Charles Hopkins, hotel ; Mrs. Horner, millinery ; John Lake, merchandise; Negley Bros., blacksmiths ; J. A. Puckett, wagon-shop ; H. Parrish, drugs ; D. W. Robinson, im- plements and harness ; Fred Teale, clothing ; Zorns & Coffin, blacksmith. WELUON. The Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska Rail- road was built half way across Decatur County in 1880, and soon after the portion of the line west of Humeston was turned over to the Humeston & Shenandoah, which extended the road west about 100 miles. Among the villages to which this new line gave existence is Weldon, which, for its age, is one of the brightest little vil- lages in Southern Iowa. It is admirably laid out on level ground, in the northwest- ern part of Franklin Township. The main street is 140 feet wide. The proprietors of the town were a company composed of L. P. Sigler and J. L. Young, of Leon, and Messrs. Drake and Hill, of Centerville. Sigler is now the sole proprietor of the company's remaining interests, E. L. Chase acting as his agent. The growth of the place was mostly in 1880 and 1881, in which years there came Jamison Bros., and built the first business house ; Enos Mitchell, and built the first residence; T. M. Wall, G. L. Terry, W. M. Baker, John BuUard, G. B. Williams, M. Hughes, E. L. Chase, C. B. Chase, E. L. McVay, O. Moyer and others. The population of the village is now 300. The stores and resi- dences are mostly of good size, and are all neat in appearance. The postmasters of the village have been L. G. Jamison, Enos Mitchell, E. K. Max- well and L. P. Greenlee. The Methodist church was built in 1881, at a cost of $2,000. It is a substantial frame structure, painted white. The jiastors have been Revs. D. O. Stewart, W. W. Danner, C. Hover, T. P. Newland. Ser- vices are held alternate Sundays. The church has eighty-four members at present :♦;»: »>: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:« :«:♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>; :♦>: :♦:»: :«:♦: :«:♦: »:;♦: :♦::♦: »>: :♦>: :♦>: :♦>: »>: »:;♦: :♦:;♦: »x« :♦>: »>: »:;♦: :♦>: »:»: :♦>: :♦:;« !«:♦: »>: :♦:;♦: ;♦>: »: :«:♦: :♦>: ;♦-♦: »::♦: »::♦: »>: '^■ »>: »::♦: »>: »>: »>: »>: :♦::♦: »x« :♦>: :♦>: »>: »:.»: »>: :♦:;♦: !«:♦: »>: »>: :♦>: »::♦: »::♦: :♦>: »>: »"♦: »"♦: .«:♦: »>: :♦>: :♦:'»: w:f. »:.♦: !«;♦: :♦>: :«>: »>: »>: %:« !►::♦: »;:♦: »: »>: :♦"♦: »:;♦: :♦>: '^rm ;♦::« ':>;>:>>>;;c^>>;>:>;i»:>;;*;;c*;:*:;c*;:c*>;:cc*:;cc«>;'*»;>;;c*;;^^ ♦ >■ ♦ ♦: ♦ .♦; ♦ ♦ ♦ .♦. ♦.♦: »; :♦>: :♦:;♦: »:^ im :<♦: ♦;♦ ♦ ,♦ ♦ *' ♦:♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ,«■ '*'.*: »: ♦>: ♦ :♦: .♦>: ♦,.♦, ♦::♦: ♦;.♦: .♦>; .♦>: ;<♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦'♦; :♦>; »; :♦;:♦: :<♦; ;*;« ;♦>; >:>: :♦:« :*::« :♦::♦: ;♦.;♦; :♦;:♦; :•"♦: »; :♦:;♦; ;♦:♦: .♦:« ;*>: :♦;♦: :♦::♦: ♦ :♦. :♦>; :♦;;♦; :♦;;♦: :♦;:« :•:>: :♦>: ;♦>; »: ;♦::♦: :♦:;* :♦.* »: :♦>; ♦.:♦. »'.♦. ». >.;♦: ♦>: :*;♦: .♦>; .♦.;♦; ♦>: :♦:♦: '♦:♦; *:♦: ♦ :♦: ♦:♦: ♦>: ♦.* .♦:♦: ♦:>; ♦:♦: ♦'♦: :♦>: :♦.:« :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: :♦:.♦; :♦>: :♦.:« .«:>: ■•»■■♦' VILLAGES. 793 writiiisr- William Jennings is superintend- ent of the Sunday-school, which has an attendance of about seventy. The trus- tees of the church are G. E. Mitchell, L. Matheny, E. L. Chase, A. M. Roach and L. Bates. OUie S. Mitchell is financial steward, and G. E. Mitchell recording steward. The Christian church was completed January i, 1886, at a cost of $2,400. The society met in Green Bay Township, Clnrke County, until 18S5. In that year it held its services in the Methodist church at Wel- don, while building its own house of wor- ship. Rev. \V. K. Slater, of Centerville, is the pastor. The membership is forty. The elders are J. S. Williams, E. S. Gritucs and U. H. Lowe ; deacons, J. V. Mitchell, G. B. Williams and M. Hughes ; trustees, M. Hughes, E. L. Chase and G. B. Williams. Jacinth Lodge, No. 443, A. F. & A. >L, was chartered June 5, 1884, with J. D. Bar- nard as Worshipful Master: W. T. Mathews, Senior Warden, and W. H. Read, Junior Warden. For 1886 Joseph Monroe is Wor- shipful Master; Thomas Boyce, Senior Warden ; E. P. Hall, Junior Warden : E. S. Grimes, Secretary, and Thomas Keran, Treasurer. The membership is eighteen, and meetings arc held on Friday evening on or before each full moon, at its hall, which is owned in partnership with the Odd Fellows. Weldon Lodge, No. 441, I. (). L). F., was organized in December, 1881. The officers for 1886 are: G. L. Terry, Noble Grand: G. H. Hodges, Vice-Grand : C. A. NLiuld- ing, Recording Secretary ; T. L. McV'ay, Permanent Secretary ; E. S. Grimes, Treas- urer. The membership is now forty, and meetings are held every Saturtlay evening. Fuinicc Rebekah-Degrec Lodge, No. 132, 1. C). O. F., was organized July 1, 1885. The officers {ov 1886 are: Mrs. Effie Walk- er, Noble Grand; Mrs. Mary .Smith, Nice-Grand; Mrs. Clara Chase, Recording Secretary ; Mrs. Mary Bullard, Financial Secretary ; Mrs. Susan Davis, Treasurer. The membership is now twenty-seven. Meetings are held the second and fourth Wednesday evenings of each month. The only attorney at Weldon is R. J. Critchfield. The physicians now residing here are : O. W. Foxworthy, Enos Mitchell and L. P. Greenlee. T. M. Wall, George A. Stuart and D. R. Springstein have been here but left ftjr other locations. The Weldon Hornet was started June 10, 1885, by Messrs. Critchfield & Watsabaugh. It is a five-column quarto, independent in politics, and published on Wednesdays at Si. 50 per year. The Bank of Weldon was organized in the spring of 1881, by the Decatur County Banking Association, and conducted by it until January i, 1886, when it was sold to a company consisting of Thomas J. Eals, Cyril C. Wood, A. E. Chase, S. O. Hings- ton, Oscar Judd, J. Z. McAlister and E. L. Chase. Thomas J. Eals is President ; Cy- ril C. Wood, Vice-President, and E. L. Chase, Cashier. It is doing an excellent business, and possesses the confidence of the cominunity. The business of Weldon in 1886 is repre- sented by the following funis : William Baker, general store; I\Jpi. Baker, millinery: Bank of ^.eld()n; Mrs. A. L. Boynton, hotel ; Critchfield t.V Watsabaugh, Weldon Iloriut; E. L. Chase, real estate and loan agent ; W. W. Corner, harness ; C. M. Clark, hotel ; Joseph Coffey, carpenter; O. W. Foxworthy, physician: L. P. Greenlee, drugs ; I. N. Gardner, farm implements; E. S. Grimes, harness; M. Hughes, hardware anti furniture; A. E. Hughes, railroad agent; W. S. Jennings iV Co., general store; Jamison Bros., general store; Enos Mitchell, physician; W. B. Mc- Cullough, restaurant: J. W. Nortli, farm implements: Tabor & Co., lumber; Terry ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ^*****:» 794 HISTORY OF DECATUR COUNTY. & Matheny, carpenters ; A. Wolcott, butch- er ; Peter White, tinshop ; Williams & Clapp, millinery. \'AN WERT. Van Wert is an old town on the Humes ton & Shenandoah Railroad, on section 12, Long Creek Township. It was first settled about 1853, and was called Florence. June 29, 1855, the town lots were sold at public sale. George W. Bigford built the first store about the same time, and a steam mill was built by George Douglass. The orig- inal town contained fourteen blocks and some additions have been added. The name of the town was afterward changed to Prairie City, then to Prairieville, and April r, 1880, to Van Wert. The village possessed but one store, that of John Gimmel, until 1880, when the Mis- souri, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad was built to this point. The western portion of this line was sold to the Humeston & Shenan- doah company, which extended it west to Shenandoah. This gave an impetus to Van Wert, and stores were built by W. E. Stone & Co., D. Tharp & Co. and M. R. Sanger. The village has now about 125 inhabitants. The Des Moines, Osceola & Southern Railroad crosses the Humeston & Shenan- doah near Van Wert. It was built through this place in 1882. This was made an independent school district in the summer of 1872, and a frame building was erected, 22 x 28 feet in size, at a cost of $465. This being too small for the increased needs of the village it was sold in 1885, and a fine two-story frame building erected at a cost of $2,700. It con- tains three rooms. Two teachers arc em- ployed, and nine months' school is usually maintained. The Methodist church was built in the summer of 1861, by the members them- selves. It is a small building, and not of great value. It has been at different times connected with the Decatur City, Hope- ville and Green Bay charges, and now belongs to the Weldon charge. The mem- bership is eighty-two. Services are held here every Sunday alternately, by the Methodists and Baptists. The latter have had an organization for several years. Rev. T. P. Newland comes here for the Metho- dists, and Rev. Tibbetts for the Baptists. The Christian church was built in 1866, at a cost of $1,700. Services are held every four weeks, by Rev. J. K. Slater. The mem- bership ranges from sixt}- to seventy. Van Wert Post, No. 205, G. A. R., was mustered in July, 1883, with some thirty members, which number is now increased to forty. John Gimmel was the first com- mander. The officers in 1886 are : Lewis Holt, Commander; Nelson Spencer, Senior Vice-Commander; W. H. Todd, Junior Vice-Commander; J. N. Gibson, Officer of the Day: E. C. Wilson, Adjutant. Meet- ings are held on Saturday evening on or after each full moon. Drs. W. H. Todd, N.J. Hyatt and B. R. Walker are the physicians of tlie place. Drs. Darneille, Powell and Pugh have been here at different periods. A good flouring-mill was built a (juarter of a mile north of the village in 1883, by W. W. Morehead. He became financially involved and discouraged, and finally moved Wesl. Tlie mill is now entirely un- used. The business firms of 1886 are: John Gimmel, grain buyer; N. J. Hyatt, drugs; Mrs. McMichael, hotel; W. E. Stiles, blacksmith ; W. E. Stone, general store; Tallman & Blair, general store; W. H. Todd, physician and druggist. WESTERVII.l.K. Westerville is an old town situated on Grand River, on section 28, Richland :♦;;♦: :♦;:♦: ;«■:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :<♦: :♦:»: ;♦.»: :♦;:♦: m :♦;:♦; :*>: :c* :♦;:♦: ;«;;♦: :♦:;« :♦;»' :♦::« :♦;:♦; ». :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: ;♦»: :♦;:♦; :♦;>; :c* :♦;;♦; ;♦,* ;♦:;♦; ;♦;:♦; :♦;;♦; :♦;■* :♦;:♦; ;♦;:«. :«.:♦: :♦;;♦; ;♦!*: ;♦>: ;«* :*:*• :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦;;♦: ;«;♦; :«>: ;♦:•«► :♦::♦: *«* :♦>; :♦>: i m ■4». :♦>: :♦::♦; :«':♦: :♦:* ■m :*:« »: :♦::♦; :♦::♦: ;«;♦: ;♦';♦. »;:♦: :•:>■ tK>>»>>>>>>>>iC!K:c«'>::'< dtJk. ♦.♦..♦,♦ .♦ » VILLAGES. 795 :♦.♦: :♦.:♦! ;♦::•: >> :♦>■ >> :♦>. ;♦:;♦: ;♦:* :♦:♦; ;♦>; ;♦>: :♦;:♦: :♦:.♦: >.* :♦.:♦: :♦:♦: :♦;:♦: *;♦: :*:>: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦>: :♦>: .« « * * .♦..♦ :♦..♦: ;♦:;♦; ;♦:;♦; :♦>: ;♦::♦: »: ;♦;:♦; :♦::♦; ;♦>; :♦.:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦:>: :♦>: :♦>: :«~« :♦>: :♦>: »: :♦:;♦: :♦:;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: ;♦:;♦: :♦::•»: ;♦>; :*::*: :♦„♦; :«t>: >:>: ;♦>; »: :*:»: :♦>: !•>: »: ;♦>: :♦:;* :♦>; :♦!:«: :♦::*. :♦;:♦: :«::♦: :♦.:♦; ,♦:;♦; :«.:♦: ;«::♦: ;♦"♦: ■♦:♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ♦:'♦: ;♦..♦: ;♦:.♦: :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦:♦: :♦'♦: ,♦:♦: :♦♦: :♦:'♦: ;♦'♦: ■« ♦ Township. A postoffice was established at this place in 1S53. and Theron Wester- velt was appointed postmaster. The post- office was named by him Wcstcrville. The year following a village was laid out by William Henshaw, and named Miiford. This name has been discarded. At this writing the village contains one general store, at which are kept all kinds ol mer- chandise, belonging to John Landes, one district school-house, a water grist-mill, owned by G. R. Roberts, who also keeps (arm implements, a hardware store and harness shop, kept by Michael Poland, a blacksmith shop operated by Thomas Williams, and a millinery shop belonging to Miss Swanson. D. S. Ewing is the postmaster and Dr. Brown the physician of the village. (JRAND RIVER. The village of Grand River is pleasantly located about half a mile from the west bank of Grand River, on section 33, Rich- land Township. It is a station on the Humeston . >i> >::♦: :♦"♦ »: :♦;>: :♦>: »: :♦;:♦ :♦.:♦ :♦;♦ :♦::♦, >::♦ :♦::♦ ;♦:> ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :c« »: :♦;:♦: :♦>: >x« :♦"♦' :♦:>: :♦::♦: :♦;>■ » :♦> :♦;;♦ :♦> :♦'*: m :♦;:♦ its*' :♦;;♦: :♦::♦: :♦:>: » :♦>: ». :♦"♦; ;♦:;♦ :♦;:♦. >::♦. »: »; »::•: »>: :♦>: :♦> :♦::♦ :♦>. :♦;>. :♦:;♦ %». :♦>. ;♦>. :♦>: :c«( :♦-«: :♦> ;♦:« :♦>: :♦:;*: :♦:;♦; :*::«: ;♦:;♦. :♦> :♦:;♦ :♦"♦' :*::« ;♦::•: :♦::♦ •»■* :♦"♦: :♦':« ■♦'■♦■ '■^'Wie: ;♦.:«; ;♦"♦) :♦::♦! ;♦::♦; *;♦: ;♦::♦) ■«>: ^*; ;-■«■ ;♦::♦: >:;♦ :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦:>: ;♦;;♦; :«■>: ■».;♦: •».>: ■!^■»: .♦;;♦; »•::♦! < :♦: ♦!:♦; ;♦;:♦! ;♦::<■: :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;■*: (»;;♦■ :♦::«: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦; :♦::*. »:;♦: :♦"♦: :♦;:♦: :♦::♦; ;♦;>; :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦: :♦:;* .*■.'.*', ;♦':■»: ;♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: •»::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »: >::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;»: *:♦: :♦;:♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :«::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: »::♦: :♦::♦: >::♦: :♦;:♦: :♦.:♦: »::»: :♦:;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ■*>; :♦;;♦; >::*: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦;;♦; :♦::♦: :♦::♦: ;♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦; :♦:* :♦::♦; 796 HISTORY OF DECATUR CO U NTT. This town was laid out in the spring of 1S54, bv Daniel Bartholow, and called Pleasant Plain. Its population is about 250. There is a good brick school-house, a Masonic lodge, and a lodge of Odd Fel- lows, known as Emblems Lodge, No. 189. There is an organization of the Methodist Episcopal church, with a Sabbath-school in connection. The place is twelve miles south of Leon, and twenty miles northwest of Princeton, the county seat of Mercer County, Missouri. It has a daily mail north and south, and semi-weekly east and west. The postofifice here was known as Nine Eagles for many years, there being a postoffice called Pleasant Plain in Jeffer- son County, but a few years since the name of Pleasanton was adopted for both village and postoffice. The Des Moines, Osceola & Southern Railroad passes near here, and its station is called Harding, in honor of the president of the railroad company. TUSKEEGO. Tuskeego is a station on the Grant City branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. It was laid out in 1879, on section 20, Blooraington Township, the land being owned by A. M. Jackson, who is still the proprietor of a large number of the lots. These are 50 x 125 feet in size, except the business lots, which are 25 x 125. The town site is on good level ground, and is not excelled by that of any other village in the county. The first building was erected in 1879. The first merchant was S. W. Hurst. The village has at the present time two stores. One is owned by a Mr. Parks, T. C. Jackson being manager, and the other by A. W. Bowman. Both have good stocks of general merchandise. J. C. Var- nev is postmaster and station agent. The first postmaster was J. L. Jackson, ap- pointed in 1879. HIGH POINT is an old postoffice in High Point Town- ship. George King is the present post- master. King & McKibben have a good store, and there is a blacksmith shop and school-house. /•|;CSH^H^^gHH ^»^^^: :♦:.* :♦>; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦' :♦::♦: ;♦;:♦; :♦:*; :♦:;♦; :•::♦: :♦:;« :♦:;♦; :♦::♦; ♦r* :♦;:♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;:♦: ;♦"♦; :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;;♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦; :♦"♦: :♦:;♦: ;c* :♦;:♦: '♦:> :♦;:♦ ;♦::♦. :♦;:«■ '.** :♦;:♦: :♦;:♦; ;♦::♦; :♦::♦; :♦::♦: >:;♦; ;♦;* :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦;>: :♦"* :♦"♦; >"♦: >::♦: ;♦::« :♦:* :♦::♦: :♦"♦: :♦::♦: :♦:;♦: :♦;:♦: :♦:>; :♦::♦; :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :♦-♦: :♦::♦: :♦::♦: :♦;;♦; :♦"♦; >::♦: ;♦"♦: :♦"♦: ;♦"♦: :♦"♦: :♦:>; >"♦: :♦:>: :♦:;♦: :*;♦: »" ■»;■♦; :*"■»; :♦>: :♦:»: :♦::♦; :♦:;♦: ;♦;:♦: m »; :♦:>;' *5K *^ :♦::♦: :♦>: :♦::♦; >;:♦: ;♦>; ;♦:!»: ^^