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RANDOM 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF ALBANY, 
 
 From 1800 TO 1808 
 
 By GORHAM a. WORTH, 
 
 THIRD EDITION, 
 
 NOTES BY THE PUBLISHER. 
 
 ALBANY, N.Y.: 
 
 J. MUNSELL, 78 STATE STREET. 
 186G. 
 

PUBLISHER'S NOTE 
 
 Wliile tlie Annals of Albany were in the course of publication, I 
 learned that Mr. Gorham A. Worth, president of the City Bank of 
 New York, had written some reminiscences of Albany ; where- 
 upon I wi'ote to solicit the contribution of them to my work. He 
 replied that they were unsuited to my purpose, but he would soon 
 call upon me with a view to their separate publication. Happen- 
 ing to be absent when he called, the work fell into other hands. 
 The first edition in 1849 was comprised in a thin pamphlet, but 
 •was soon followed by an enlarged work, embracing Recollections of 
 Hudson. Both were published by Mr. C. Van Benthuysen, in an 
 attractive style of typography. The last edition appeared in 1850, 
 and has long been out of print. The author died ui 1856, aged 73. 
 I have been imable to obtain any information concerning his per- 
 sonal history from his descendants, but learn that his father went 
 from Nantucket to the district in Dutchess county then known as 
 the Nine Partners, and afterwards taught school in Hudson. IVIr. 
 Worth says of himself: " Though born on Quaker hill, I have 
 still been in the habit of considering Hudson as my native town, 
 for the reason that my earliest recollections date from that place." 
 He was fifteen years of age when he removed with his flither's 
 family to Hudson, and was about twenty when he came to Al- 
 bany, soon after which he was appointed teller of the New York 
 State Bank, then a new institution. When the Mechanics and 
 Farmers' Bank went into operation, in 1811, he was appointed 
 its first cashier, and brought with him his kinsman, Mr. Thoma s 
 W. Olcott, who has continued in the institution ever since, and 
 
VI PUBLISHER S NOTE. 
 
 not only long since attained to its highest oflBce, but has made for 
 himself a reputation of the highest order as a financier. In 1817 
 Mr. Worth went to CLucinnati to take charge of a branch of the 
 United States Bank. It is supposed that he remained there about 
 five years, as in 1851 he published a similar work to this, which 
 he entitled Becollections of Cindmuiti from a Besidsnceof Five Tears, 
 1817 to 1831. He then removed to New York, where he acquired 
 wealth, and maintained a high position in society. In this pre- 
 liminary note it is not in point to speak of the work critically. 
 An octogenarian of the city, Mr. John Q. Wilson, animadverted 
 upon some portions of it in the newspapers of the day ; his ob- 
 servations will be found in notes, with liis initials attached. The 
 sketch of Matthew Gregory was written by the late Dr. Willard. 
 The remaining notes have 'been prepared by the publisher, with 
 a view more particularly to illustrate the personal history of the 
 characters mentioned by the author, and to note the time of 
 their respective deaths. It is an interestiag though melancholy 
 fact, that of all the persons mentioned by him, the venerable Dr. 
 Nott alone survives at the time of issuins: this edition. 
 
NOTE TO SECOND EDITION. 
 
 To the Fuhlisher: 
 
 Agreeably to your request, though not without some misgivings, I send you, 
 herewith, a few additional pages of Random Becollectkms. It would be easy 
 to All a volume with such scraps as these ; but to do justice to the subject 
 would require more time than I can now conveniently spare. The ground is 
 to be carefully surveyed, prior to any act of occupation. There are many 
 choice anecdotes that cannot yet be told ; many amusing scenes that cannot, 
 with propriety, be described; and a long list of original characters, that it 
 would, even at this distant date, be premature to sketch. Still, there are ma- 
 terials enough within the rule of right, to satisfy all reasonable curiosity ; some 
 little time, however, is indispensable to their collection and judicious arrange- 
 ment for exhibitiou. But the novelty of the thing, I apprehend, has, in. 
 some measure, worn ofl', and unless the future recollections should be of a bet- 
 ter quality than those I now send you, it would be as useless to continue the 
 work, as it would be to republish the cr'^-L"!-! copy without additions. 
 
 To the liandsome style in M-hich the thing was printed ; to the liberality and 
 laudatory tone of your city press, and to tlie good nature of the citizens of 
 Albany, I attribute the favorable reception and ready sale of the first edition. 
 But, it should be remembered, that nothing is new but once, that liberality 
 and good nature may be over-taxed ; and that the recollections, being local in 
 their character and limited in their range, can excite little or no interest be- 
 yond the confines of your city. But the risk and expense of publication are 
 yours, and if you really think it worth while to try the town with another edi- 
 tion, the few scraps I send you may, perhaps, authorize the printer's devil to 
 insert in the title page, the catching phrase, with additions j and to strengthen 
 this important announcement, I place at your disposal an entire new batch 
 (written some two years since), entitled Becollections of Hudson. These, you 
 may publish separately, or together with their Albany relatives (or not at all), 
 as you may think best. I have no wish other than that you should not lose 
 money by the idle sketchings of my pen. 
 
 Your friend and ob't serv't, 
 
 IGNATIUS JONES. 
 JoNESBtmcH, January, 1850. 
 
RECOLLECTIONS OF ALBANY. 
 
 The election of Mr. Jefferson to the presidency, 
 produced a new era in tlie political history of men 
 and things throughout the United States. So great 
 was tlie change, and so sudden the turn of the 
 executive wheel, that the event was felt through all 
 the ramifications of society, and the period became 
 as memorable as that of the birth of the nation. 
 Many, even at the present day, refer to it in their 
 computations of time, as to one of those fixed 
 periods, which are alike familiar to the learned and 
 unlearned. It is, indeed, one of those chronological 
 meridians, from which we calculate the degrees of 
 time, advancing or receding as the case may be. 
 Thus, instead of saying, " in the year 1801," or " at 
 the beginning of the nineteenth century," we say, 
 *'at the period of Mr. Jefferson's election." Either 
 phrase sufficiently designates the time referred to : 
 the choice is, of course, optional, and the mode of 
 
 expression a mere matter of taste. 
 3 
 
18 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 In commencing these reminiscences, I prefer to 
 Bay that my first visit to Albany was just before the 
 election of Mr. Jefferson, or the Great Apostle as he 
 is sometimes called. N"ot that the visit had any 
 thing to do, either with the election of Mr. Jefferson 
 or the fortunes of his followers, but because it was 
 an epoch in my own personal history, as the elec- 
 tion of Mr. Jefferson was, in the history of the 
 country. 
 
 I had then just launched my " light untimbered 
 bark" upon the ocean of life ; with no guide but 
 providence, and with no hand but my own to direct 
 its course. Never shall I forget the deep feeling 
 of loneliness that came over me when the receding 
 headlands of my native bay disappeared in the dis- 
 tance, and I found myself, for the first time in my 
 life, alone on the waters. 
 
 It was at the age of eighteen, and in the autumn 
 of the year eighteen hundred, that I first set my 
 foot within the precincts of the ancient aud far- 
 famed city of Albany. It is true, I had passed 
 through the city some ten or twelve years before, 
 but 'twas a rainy day, and in a covered wagon; and 
 as the only glimpse I had of the town was obtained 
 through a hole in the canvas I set it down as 
 nothing, since, in reality, it amounted to nothing. 
 I am, however, well aware that an intelligent, 
 
Recollections of Albany. 19 
 
 sharp-sighted English traveler, such for instance, 
 as Fearon, Ilall, or Marryat, would have seen, even 
 through a smaller aperture, and under less favor- 
 ahle circumstances, enough to have enabled him to 
 have given you, not only the exact topography of 
 the town and its localities, but a full and accurate 
 account of its different religious denominations, 
 the state of its society, the number of its slaves, 
 and the character of its inns ; together with many 
 sage reflections upon the demoralizing tendency of 
 republican governments ! 
 
 But this faculty of taking in all things at a sin- 
 gle glance : this ability to see more than is to be 
 seen, is one of the many advantages which the Eng- 
 lish traveler possesses over all others, and which 
 in fact distinguishes him from the traveler of every 
 other country on the face of the globe — the land of 
 Munchausen^ not excepted! I mention these things 
 
 iHiERONTMus Karl Frtedrick Von Mukchhausen (pro- 
 nounced Mink-7iousen, instead of Mun-clmicsen) was a veritable 
 German baron, and a cavalry officer in the service of Russia, who 
 in his old age delighted in repeating the most wonderful stories 
 of his adventures in the campaign against the Turks in 1737-39, 
 which grew in absurdity by repetition, till he acquired the reputa- 
 tion of the greatest of living liars. A German refugee in England 
 first gave them pubUcity in 1785, since which they have appeared 
 in different languages, and attained great popularity. The baron 
 died at Hanover in 1797, aged 77. It has been said that he was 
 in BurgojTie's army, but it is quite a mistake, the chaplain 
 Muuchhoff in Specht's regiment being probably the person mis- 
 taken for him. See MumcWs Ilistormd Series, vii, 1G3. 
 
20 Eecollections op Albany. 
 
 merely to satisfy the' reader that I might have made 
 
 something out of the affair or the covered wagoji, 
 
 had I been so disposed. But 'tis not my intention, 
 
 nor was it when I commenced these reminiscences, 
 
 to draw upon my imagination for a single fact. I 
 
 have materials in abundance, and cannot, therefore, 
 
 be tempted to go out of my way to recollect incidents 
 
 which never happened, or to describe things which i 
 
 never saw. 
 
 The city of Albany, in 1800, though the capital 
 
 of the state, and occupying a commanding x^osition, 
 
 was, nevertheless, in point of size, commercial 
 
 importance, and architectural dignity, but a third 
 
 or fourth rate town. It was not, in some respects, 
 
 what \imight have been ; but it was, in all respects, 
 
 unlike what it now is. Its population could not, I 
 
 think, have exceeded some seven or eight thousand.^ 
 
 ^In 1688 Albany was supposed by the Frencli to have had 300 
 inhabitants capable of bearing arms. The population in 1698 
 ■was 379 men, 229 women, and 803 children. The tables of popu- 
 lation sometimes differ a little, the Colouie being frequently 
 counted in as well as the slaves, Avho were numerous at the close 
 of the last and the early part of the present century. 
 
 1790, 3,498. 1835, 28,109. 
 
 1800, 5,387. 1840, 33,721. 
 
 1810, 9,354. 1845, 42,139. 
 
 1815, 10,023 1850, 50.763. 
 
 1820, 12,630. 1855, 57,338. 
 
 1825, 15,971. 1880, 621,367. 
 
 1830, 24,209. 1865, 70,000 (estimated). 
 
 There is now a population of 20C,C0C within the bounds of a 
 mile along both margiiis of the river from Cohoes to the Nor- 
 
Eecollections of Albany. 21 
 
 I know not what the statistics may say, nor is it ma- 
 terial, for no man of sense puts the least faith in 
 documents compiled by politicians, or published by 
 authority. Most of Uncle Sam's figurors, particu- 
 larly those that belong to the treasury department, 
 figure frequently in the dark, and always at random. 
 With them, the addition or omission of a cypher 
 or two is, it would seem, of but little consequence. 
 Hence their statistics, whether elaborated by the 
 imposing genius of a Woodbury or a Walker, go for 
 nothing with me. But to the subject. 
 
 Albany has probably undergone a greater change, 
 not only in its physical aspect, but in the habits and 
 character of its population, than any other city in 
 the United States. It was, even in 1800, an old 
 town (with one exception, I believe, the oldest in 
 the countr}'^ ), but the face of nature in and around 
 it had been but little disturbed. Old as it was, it 
 still retained its primitive aspect, and still stood in 
 
 man's kil, a distance of ten miles, being the largest aggregation 
 • in the state in the same compass, out of the cities of Kew York 
 and Brooklyn. 
 
 ^Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the 
 United States, was founded in 1607 by 105 colonists. It has gone 
 to utter decay, containing at present two or three old houses, a 
 dilapidated church, and the ruins of a fort. Albany, it has been 
 claimed, became a trading post in 1010. Although a rude fort was 
 built in 1012, it was nearly tAventy years later before any consider- 
 able accessions were made towards a settlement by the introduc- 
 tion of families and domestic animals. 
 
Iftfl^^ 
 
 ALBANY IN 1696. 
 
 SuiTOimded by a wall of wooden posts ten feet high, 
 
 1. The Fort. 7. Blockhouses. 
 
 2. Dutch CalviniBtic Church. 8. Stadt IIoHse. 
 
 3. German Lutheran Cliurch. 9. A great gun to clear a gullcy. 
 
 4. Lutheran burial phxce. 10. Stoclcades. 
 
 5. Dutch Church burial place. 11. City gates, six in number. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 28 
 
 all its original siinplicitj; maintaining its quaint 
 and quiescent character, unchanged, unmodified, 
 unimproved: still pertinaciously adhering, in all its 
 walks, to the old track, and the old form. The 
 rude hand of innovation, however, was then just 
 beginning to be felt; and slight as was the touch, 
 it was felt as an injury, or resented as an insult. 
 
 Nothing could be more unique or picturesque to 
 the eye, than Albany in its primitive days. Even 
 at the period above mentioned, it struck me as pecu- 
 liarly naive and beautiful. All was antique, clean, 
 and quiet. There was no noise, no hurry, no confu- 
 sion. There was no putting up, nor pulling down ; 
 no ill-looking excavations, no leveling of hills, no 
 filling up of valleys: in short, none of those villain- 
 ous improvements, which disfigure the face of na- 
 ture, and exhibit the restless spirit of the Anglo- 
 Saxon race. The stinted pines still covered the 
 hills to the very edge of the city, and the ravines 
 and valleys were clothed with evergreens, inter- 
 mixed with briars, and spangled with the wild rose. 
 
 The margin of the river,^ with the exception of an 
 
 * [It is said tliat there were doclis at tliis time from Maiden laue 
 to the Watering place, as it was called, now the Steamboat land' 
 ing. At the latter place was Hodge's dock, and above it the State 
 dock, built in the French war.] At the foot of Maiden lane was 
 Fish sUp, where the sturgeon were sold. On Quay street were 
 stores and dwelling houses, and a tavern. If our author, when 
 he first set his foot in this "jewel of antiquity," had taken a walk 
 
24 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 opening at the foot of State street, extending clown 
 to the ferry, was overhung with willows, and shaded 
 by the wide spreading elm. The little islands 
 below the town were feathered with foliage down to 
 the very water's edge, and bordered with stately 
 trees, whose forms were mirrored in the stream be- 
 low. As far as the eye could extend up and down the 
 river, all remained comparatively wild and beauti- 
 ful, while the city itself was a curiosity; nay, a per- 
 fect jewel of antiquity, particularly to the eye of 
 one who had been accustomed to the "white house, 
 green door, and brass knocker,"^ of the towns and 
 
 to this world-renowned sturgeon slip, " a little after sun rise," lie 
 would have witnessed a scene that would have cast the willows 
 and elm trees into the deep shade of a forgotten past. There 
 was the quiet ancient burger, elbowed aside by his Old and New 
 England, Scotch and Irish brethren, more clamorous and eager 
 for Albany beef than himself. If he had not beforehand entered 
 into a confederacy with the Etsbergers and Reckhows, lords of 
 the slip, he must infallibly have gone home dinnerleiis and de- 
 sponding. J. Q. w. 
 
 'If the seer had looked a second time, he would have seen the 
 simple side hill street, the grass covering the east half of it. He 
 would have seen the quiet citizens returning from their business 
 or their morning walk — but he would not have seen a single 
 cocked hat, nor red ringed worsted cap, upon the head of one of 
 them, except may be that of the venerable Dr. Stringer on his 
 professional morning tour. He would have seen the upper half 
 of each front door open, and here and there a neat and thrifty 
 house-wife, bending forward over the closed lower half, watching 
 for her husband or her sons, as they came home to breakfast. He 
 might have seen that brass knocker, in the form of a dog, on the 
 door of Lafiiyette's head quarters, unlike any " knocker " on any 
 " green door " in New England. j. q. w. 
 
'K 
 
 I 
 
NORTH DUTCH CHURCH, 
 Erected 1798. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 
 
 25 
 
 villages of New England. Nothing, indeed, could 
 be more picturesque than the view of North Pearl 
 street, from the old elm at Webster's corner, up to 
 
 
 Webster's Comer and the Old Elm Tree. 
 
 the new Two- steepled Church. Pearl street, it must 
 be remembered, was, in those days, the west end 
 for the town ; for there the town ended, and there resi- 
 ded some of the most aristocratic of the ancient burg- 
 ers. There, a little after sunrise, in a mild spring 
 morning, might be seen, sitting by the side of their 
 doors, the ancient and venerable mynheers with 
 their little sharp cocked hats, or red-ringed worsted 
 caps (as the case might be), drawn tight over their 
 
26 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 heads. There they sat, like monuments of a former 
 
 age, still lingering on the verge of time ; or like 
 
 mile-Btones upon a turnpike road, solus in solo! or, 
 
 in simple English, zmlike any thing I had ever seen 
 
 before. But there they sat, smoking their pipes in 
 
 that dignified silence, and with that phlegmatic 
 
 gravity, which would have done honor to Sir Wou- 
 
 ter Van Twill er, or even to Puffendorf himself. 
 
 The whole line of the street, on either side, was 
 
 dotted by the little clouds of smoke, that, issuing 
 
 from their pipes, and, curling round their noddles, 
 
 rose slowly up the antique gables, and mingled 
 
 with the morning air ; giving beauty to the scene, 
 
 and adding an air of life to the picture. But the 
 
 great charm was in the novelty of the thing. I had 
 
 seen a Dutch house before, but never till then had 
 
 I seen a row of Dutchmen smoking in a Dutch city.^ 
 
 2 Shade of the immortal Diederick ! and shall lie not smoke? 
 When one of these " ancient and venerable mynheers," who was 
 coeval with those willows and elms, looked back to the many 
 times when, in his canoe, he breasted the downward and devious 
 current of the Mohawk, with its rifts, falls, and portages, descended 
 into Oneida lake and followed its outlet to Oswego ; coursed along 
 the winding shores of Ontario and Erie to Detroit, up that river 
 to St. Clair, and along the shores of Huron, crossing Saginaw 
 bay to Mackinac, where he traded with the Indian for his furs, 
 and of his returns thence to his family in Pearl street, laden with 
 the riches so hardly earned, the labor of which has reduced him 
 to early decrepitude, shall he be jeered at for his apathy? Shall 
 he not smoke, and rejoice to see his quiet and contemplative 
 neighbor, who has been in another way equally prosperous, do so 
 likewise — without being ridiculed for his grave duUness ? 
 
Recollections of Albany. 
 
 27 
 
 Albany was indeed Dutch, in all its moods and 
 tenses ; thoroughly and inveterately Dutch. The 
 buildings were Dutch — Dutch in style, in position, 
 
 THE ST A ATS HOUSE, 
 
 Erected 1(J0~, and once formed a part of Lews's Tavern, the adjoining 
 
 house, originally Madam Schuyler's city residence, was removed 
 
 many years ago, when that part of Pearl street was widened. 
 
 attitude and aspect. The people were Dutch, the 
 horses were Dutch, and even the dogs were Dutch. 
 K any confirmation were wanting, as to the origin 
 
28 Kecollections of Albany. 
 
 and cliaracter of the place, it miglit be found in 
 tlie old Dutch church, which was itself always to 
 be found in the middle of State street, looking as 
 if it had been wheeled out of line by the giants of 
 old, and there left ; or had dropped down from the 
 clouds in a dark night, and had stuck fast where it 
 MU 
 
 1 There are very few of the present generation left who remem- 
 ber the position and appearance- of this antique but venerable 
 building, and fewer still who can realize the interesting recollec- 
 tions wliich from tradition cluster around it. The first church 
 was built at a very early day, and of much smaller dimensions. 
 It was placed in the position where it stood, at the intersection of 
 what is now State street and BroadAvay, as a security against Indian 
 attacks, commanding Broadway north and south, and State 
 street east and Avest. The windows were high from the ground 
 to guard against an escalade, as it was too far north to be protect- 
 ed by the guns of Fort Orange. It was a little fortress within 
 itself In those days all the men went armed to chm'ch. The 
 young men were seated in the galleries, that they might be ready 
 in case of an attack to sweep the street either way by their fire 
 from the windows. The old men were seated on a raised plat- 
 form along the walls, and the women were in the slips in the 
 centre and out of the way of any danger. 
 
 Those, therefore, who have been unwise enough to ridicule the 
 position of the church, have done so in their ignorance of the 
 reasons for its location. The condition of these Dutchmen and 
 the Pilgrims of New England were alike ; both worshiped their 
 Maker with arms in their hands. The tradition goes that when 
 this old church was to be replaced by a new one, the same spot 
 was selected for it, and the new church was built round th-e old 
 one, and that during the time the new one was building, public 
 service was regularly carried on in the old one, which was inter- 
 rupted but two entire sabbaths. The new church was like the old 
 one, and did not differ from it, except in size [and material, being 
 built of stone]. The same high windows, the same arrangement 
 of seats, and the same separation of the sexes. There was one 
 
Recollections of Albany-. 
 
 29 
 
 All the old buildings iu the city — and they cousti- 
 tuted a large majority — were but one story high, 
 with sharp peaked roofs, surmouuted by a rooster, 
 
 PEMBERTON'S CORNER. 
 Comer of North Pearl and Columbia streets, erected 1710. 
 
 Striking differeuce, hoTvever. The congregation had become 
 more numerous and wealthy, and each window bore the escutch- 
 eon of the several families who were disposed to pay for it, in co- 
 lored glass. Each window had an outside shutter, which was 
 fastened by a latcli. The shutters were never opened, except on 
 Sunday. Such was this church, Avithits steep roof, uniting in the 
 centre, and surmounted with a belfry and a wcathercocli. Here 
 in this church, and perhaps also iuthe old one, the dead of distin- 
 guished families were buried. Here preached " Our Westerlo, " 
 by which endearing appellation the old members of the flock 
 used to designate their minister, which in the Dutch language, 
 and from the lips of an aged matron, had an affectionate softness 
 about it which the English translation cannot convey. Is it 
 
30 Eecollections of Albany. 
 
 vulgarly called a weathercock. Every house, hav- 
 ing any pretensions to dignity, was placed with its 
 gat)le end to the street, and was ornamented with 
 huge iron numericals, announcing the date of its 
 erection ; while from its eaves long wooden gutters, 
 
 strange that a church, from its commencement so ancient, and 
 from its position so interesting, should be dear to the hearts of 
 those whose fathers and graudsires had worshiped and been 
 buried there ? 
 
 But this old church miglit, to the informed sons of the pilgrims, 
 have called up a train of thought in which it would have been 
 profitable for them to have indulged. Here, in this church, as 
 late as the year 1800, the Dutchmen assembled on the sabbath, 
 coming out of the mixed population which even then existed in 
 the city. Here were to be found the descendants of the generous 
 Hollanders, who in days long passed, had given shelter and pro- 
 tection both to the persecuted pilgrim and to the Huguenot — and 
 for aught we know, knelt on the shore of Delfthaven, prayed with 
 and bade God-speed to the company on the May-flower — or who 
 had shielded the Huguenots of Rochelle from the hot pursuit of 
 their red assassins. It was on a sabbath in July,^ of the year 
 above mentioned, when the writer, for the first time, entered this 
 church, fully aware of the kind of people he was to meet there. 
 But the narrow aisles and slips ; the separation of the sexes ; the 
 raised wall seats filled with old men, and the members of the 
 corporation in their allotted seats ; the young men in the gallery ; 
 the clerk's desk under the pulpit, and the old Holland-made 
 pulpit itself, with its hour-glass and an iron moveable frame to 
 support it ; the high windows with their bright stained glass coats 
 of arms ; the stoves standing on platforms raised outside of the gal- 
 lery and nearlj^ on a level with its floor ; the figures in large Ger- 
 man text hanging on each side wall, denoting the chapter of the 
 Bible to be read, and the first psalm to be sung; the reading of 
 that chapter and decalogue by the clerk ; and giving out that 
 psalm by the clerk, the singing, the salutation, and the exordium 
 remotinn by the minister — all so new and all combined, had less 
 effect upon the writer than the people themselves — every drop of 
 
Recollections of Albany. 31 
 
 or spouts,' projected in front some six or seven feet, 
 bo as to discharge the water from the roof, -when it 
 rained, directly over the centre of the sidewalks. 
 This was prohahly contrived for the benefit of those 
 who were compelled to be out in wet weather, as 
 it furnished them with an extra shower-bath free 
 of expense. 
 But the destined hour was drawing neai*. The 
 
 his pilgrim and Huguenot blood, and it was all he had, warmed 
 to those whose forefathers had been kind to his — and he felt the 
 full force of the injunction, 
 
 " Thy father's friends forget thou not." 
 He never has, and he never will. 
 
 Nearly all those in that church on that day, of fidl age, have 
 departed from among us. The fires that warmed the ashes of 
 some of them are hardly yet extinguished. Let no unhallowed 
 heel tread upon them. j. q. w. 
 
 ^These gutters are still common to some cities in Holland, and 
 present a singular spectacle to a stranger in a rain storm. The 
 law went into effect in May, 1793, that no gutter or spout should 
 project into the street, but that the water should be conducted 
 down the sides of the houses through pipes within three feet of 
 the ground, under a penalty of forty sliillings. These gutters 
 were alluded to by Kalm, who visited Albany in 1749. He says : 
 " The gutters on the roofs reach almost to the middle of the street 
 This preserves the walls of the houses from being damaged by 
 the rain ; but is extremely disagreeable iu rainy weather for the 
 people in the streets, there being hardlyany means of avoiding the 
 water from the gutters." The same thing is alluded to by Morse, 
 in 1789, who says : "There is one little appendage to their houses 
 which the people, blind to the inconvenience of it, still continue, 
 and that is the water gutters or spouts, which project from every 
 house, rendering it almost dangerous to walk the streets in a rainy 
 day. Their houses are seldom more than one story and a half 
 high, and have but little convenience and less elegance." 
 
32 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 Yankees were creeping in. Every day added to 
 tlieir number ; and the unhallowed hand of innova- 
 tion was seen pointing its impertinent finger at the 
 cherished habits and venerated customs of the- an- 
 cient burgers. These meddling eastern Saxons at 
 length obtained a majority in the city councils ; 
 and then came an order, 101111 a handsaw, to "cut off 
 those speuts. " Nothing could exceed the conster- 
 nation of the aforesaid burgers, upon the announce- 
 ment of this order. Had it been a decree abolish- 
 ing their mother tongue, it could hardly have 
 excited greater astonishment, or greater indigna- 
 tion. "What !" said they, "are our own spouts, 
 then, to be measured and graduated by a corpora- 
 tion standard ! Are they to be cut ofi' or fore- 
 shortened, without our knowledge or consent!" 
 But the Dutch still retained the obstinacy, if not 
 the valor, of their ancestors. They rallied their for- 
 ces and at the next election, the principal author of 
 the obnoxious order (my old friend Elkanab Wat- 
 son^), was elected a constable of the ward in which he 
 
 ^ In the year 1789, Mr. "Watson removed from Providence to 
 Albany. Among the curiosities in his common-place book I find 
 a singular document which affords evidence that our coimtry at 
 that epoch was not wholly enfranchized from the influence of 
 European usages, but that many of their restrictions and exactions 
 still lingered. I refer to a certificate of the freedom of the city, 
 which it seems each immigrant was required to possess, to be 
 secm'ed in the enjoyment and protection of his municipal rights. 
 
JEIjlKAnAlH 'JYjI'I'^U'i^L 
 
 /'r,yrr/,r 1^' r/ii Xrir }'•'//.• I'limi/.-' I'lni ,l/riiv/nm)/ Mrur/r.t 
 
Recollections of Albany. 33 
 
 lived! This done, tliey went to sleep again ; and 
 before they awoke, new swarms had arrived, and a 
 complete and thorough revolution had taken place. 
 The Yankees were in possession of the city ! and 
 the fate of the Dutch was sealed. 
 
 The following is a copy of the printed document : " Knoic all 
 men by these presents that I, John Lansing Jr., Esquire, Mayor of 
 the city of Albany, have admitted and received, and do hereby 
 admit and receive, Elk.\naii Watson to be a freeman of said city. 
 In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused 
 the seal of the said city to be hereunto annexed, the 28th day of 
 May, 1790, &c." And for this certificate, Mr. W. adds, I was com- 
 pelled to pay five pounds. This abuse was early and vigorously 
 assailed by him in the press, and was soon after abolished. 
 
 At the time of Mr. Watson's settlement in Albany, not more 
 than five New England families were residents of the city. It was 
 without any foreign commerce ; the city was unimproved. State 
 street, now one of the most spacious and beautiful avenues in 
 America, was then not only without pavements and ungraded, 
 but even broken and in some parts precipitous. The streets were 
 without lamps. A singular deformity and inconvenience prevail- 
 ed in some sections of the city. A custom had been introduced, 
 which existed in the provincial towns of Holland, of discharging 
 the waters from the roofs of smaller buildings by long spouts. 
 In Holland the spouts were projected over the canals; but by 
 tlie adoption of this practice in Albany the water was poured 
 iipon the head of the unwary passenger. The mind of Mr. Wat- 
 son, familiar with the elegancies and advancement of European 
 cities, at once saw and appreciated the various defective arrange- 
 ments in the city of his adoption ; and soon after becoming a resi- 
 dent, he engaged earnestly, through the press and by personal 
 efforts, in suggesting and urging various local improvements 
 connected with tliese subjects. 
 
 His exertions, in connection with the labors of others, generally 
 secured their adoption; but as they necessarily entailed inconven- 
 ience and expense, the schemes excited strong hostility in the feel- 
 ings of those who are opposed to all innovating projects. In subse- 
 
 5 
 
34 Eecollections of Albany. 
 
 The old families, however, still claimed the lead 
 in all matters relating to good society. The city 
 assemblies were still under their control, as well in 
 regard to time and place, as in the power of admis- 
 sion and exclusion. In the exercise of this prerog- 
 ative, a little jealousy of the Yankees was occa- 
 sionally manifested. The difficulty was, to know 
 who loas luho : to distinguish between those that 
 were entitled to admission, and those that were not. 
 Mere respectability was not, of itself, sufficient; 
 nor was wealth to be considered as a certain passport. 
 It was necessary that there should be something 
 
 quent years lie received many generous tributes of acknowledg- 
 ments and thanks from those who, in their progress, had opposed 
 these efforts. His journal contains a notice of an amiising inci- 
 dent, which exhibits the state of feeling he had excited. 
 
 " Just after State street had been paved at a heavy expense, I 
 sauntered into it immediately succeeding a heavy thunderstorm, 
 and whilst regretting the disturbance in the sidewalk, and to ob- 
 serve the cellars filled with water (for in that section, which was 
 near the present locality of the State Bank, the street in grading 
 had been elevated some feet), I heard two women, in the act of 
 clearing their invaded premises from the accumulation of mud 
 and water, cry out — ' Here comes that infernal paving Yankee ! ' 
 they approached me in a menacing attitude — broomsticks erect. 
 Prudence dictated a retreat to avoid being broomsticked by the 
 infuriated Amazons, although I did not run, as some of my friends 
 insisted, but walked off at a quick pace." 
 
 Respecting the election of Mr. Watson to the office of constable, 
 the joke was turned upon the electors, when the next morning 
 the Dutchmen found him driving the hogs, found in the streets, 
 to the public pound. The running at large of hogs was one of 
 the city's most ancient usages, and they at once begged off, and 
 made peace. 
 
Recollections op Albany. 35 
 
 of rank, of family, or of fashion, to entitle a nao 
 comer to a seat among the notables. These matters, 
 however, were, as a matter of course, left to the 
 younger branches of the ancient aristocracy, to 
 regulate as they saw fit. 
 
 JSTow it happened, that into this ancient and some- 
 what exclusive circle of good society, had slid many 
 families, with their twigs and branches, who had in 
 reality none of the rights and claims of the genuine 
 Knickerbockers ;^ and who were, as far as antiquity 
 was concerned, mere squatters; yet they were 
 found to be greater sticklers for exclusion and pro- 
 bation, than the veritable mynheers themselves. 
 Still, up to 1803 or 1804, things went on tolerably 
 well : at all events, there was no complaint. The 
 assemblies were sufiiciently select as to quality, and 
 perhaps sufficiently liberal in their range as to 
 number. But, somewhere about the period referred 
 
 'It has become common to speak of the elits of the Dutch as the 
 Knickerbockers. The name is derived from K-nik-ker-bak-ker (pro- 
 nounced connwkerbawker) a baker of knickers or playing marbles. 
 The Knickerbackers were among the early citizens of Albany, 
 and the progenitor of the race still bearing the name here, it is 
 reasonable to suppose, like many others, took his patronymic 
 from his profession ; for there is a tradition that it was not the 
 original family name. Washington Irving fancied it, however, 
 and has immortalized it, but corrupted its orthography ; so that 
 we daily see many objects, magnificent or diminutive, from a steam 
 boat to an urchins' hand-sleigh, bearing the title of Knickerbocker. 
 Members of the lamily even, have descended to burlesque their 
 names by substituting o for the vernacular a. 
 
36 Eecollections of Albany. 
 
 to, tlie self-constituted managers held a meeting, 
 at wliicli it was determined that the city assemblies 
 should in future be '■'■more select;" and that "a line 
 of distinction" as they termed it, should be drawn. 
 Accordingly a new list was made out,' by which it 
 was soon ascertained that several, heretofore admit- 
 ted, had been left ojff, and many others excluded, 
 that were thought to be better entitled to admission 
 than many that were retained. The measure, there- 
 fore, was taken in high dudgeon by the friends of 
 the excluded parties, and was considered as a piece 
 of arrogance, even by those who had no personal 
 cause of complaint. 
 
 A paper war was immediately commenced, and 
 the character and pretension of the managers were 
 ridiculed and satirized in a style as new as it was 
 amusing. A series of poetical epistles, odes, satires, 
 &c., &c., appeared in rapid succession; some of them 
 displaying a good deal of taste and cleverness. One 
 piece in particular, entitled The Conspiracy of the 
 Nobles, written in mock heroic verse, contained some 
 capital hits. It gave a highly poetic description 
 of the first meeting of the managers, and an amus- 
 ing sketch of their persons, pretensions, characters 
 and debates. The most ridiculous speeches were 
 of course put into their mouths, and they were 
 thus made to exhibit themselves in a light that was 
 
Recollections of Albany. 37 
 
 as laughable as it was absurd.^ These squibs were 
 auswered by the conspirators, but without the wit 
 or the humor that characterized the pieces of their 
 opponents. The fire, however, was kept up on 
 both sides for several weeks, to the great amuse- 
 ment of the town. The result was a mortifying 
 defeat on the part of the exclusionists. The as- 
 
 II quote from memory the following as a sample. 
 
 Next, up rose Milo, with a graceful mein, 
 No comelier noble on the floor was seen, 
 And all undaunted stood, with phiz serene. 
 Thrice e'er he spoke, with easy grace he bow'd, 
 Twice to the king, once only to the crowd : 
 His hand sincere, he placed upon his breast. 
 And thus his majesty and peers address'd: 
 
 "I wage no war, with either great or small ; 
 
 A neutral post I hold, or none at all; 
 
 Of squibs, of jarring factions, plebeian bands 
 
 And proud nobility, I wash my hands. 
 
 My interests onli/, henceforth I'll pursue. 
 
 To please all men, henceforth shall be my cue." 
 
 He ceased and sat, when with tei-rific frown, 
 That darkened all the hall and half the town, 
 Lord Roderick rose, and 'neath the awful shade, 
 His proud imaginations thus display'd : 
 
 "Ye gods ! and is it come to this, that we! 
 
 The city's proud and prime nobility, 
 
 Should waive our right of birth, our rank and place 
 
 To gratify this new and upstart race ! 
 
 Let those who will, to base-born interests bend, 
 
 I scorn the trading tribe, the truckling friend. 
 
 Though round my head plebeian placards flit, 
 
 With saucy satire fiU'd, and damning wit ; 
 
 Though the whole town should join the vulgar throng, 
 
38 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 semblies, as a matter of course, fell into the hands 
 of the victorious party, and, to their credit be it 
 said, were conducted with more taste and propriety, 
 and were indeed more brilliantly attended than they 
 had ever been before. 
 
 This was considered as a victory of wit over im- 
 pudence, or rather of sense over nonsense. It is 
 
 And point the finger as I pass along, 
 Still would I wear my wonted lordly face, 
 And vindicate the honors of my race. 
 Sooner than yield to their insurgent claims, 
 I'd see the hills o'erthrown, the town in flames. 
 Sooner than mingle in their turbid flood, 
 And dance with doxies of plebeian blood, 
 I'd see the assemblies to perdition hui-l'd. 
 And round them piled the fiddlers of the world! 
 I'd see old Jove, on his imperial height. 
 Blot out the stars and quench the solar light. 
 I'd see the angry gods their vengeance pour. 
 And hear, unmoved, eternal chaos roar !" 
 
 He ended — and applauding murmurs ran 
 In echoing circles round the sage divan. 
 "When, rising from his seat with scornful look. 
 Thus spoke Van Trump, — and spoke it like a book. 
 
 "I view, my Lords, with deep disgust these jars, 
 
 These petty jealousies and paper wars. 
 
 And above all, this 'blotting out the stars!' 
 
 This mighty nonsense ! this uproar about 
 
 The right of entrance at a dancing rout. 
 
 For shame, my Lords ! for once, be wise — be civil, 
 
 And send your starch'd exclusives to the devil ! 
 
 Take my advice — throw wide your ball-room door. 
 
 Add to your music six, and sand the floor ! 
 
 Take, take the Yankees in, and end this fuss, 
 
 Or, be assured, my Lords, they'll take inus .'" -Author' s note. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 39 
 
 but just, however, to add, that the real okl Kuick- 
 crbacker families took but very little interest in the 
 contest, and were probably not much displeased at 
 the discomfiture of their quondam allies. Let us 
 now turn to revolutions of a graver import. 
 
 A restless, leveling, innovating spirit, now pre- 
 vailed throughout the city. The detested word im- 
 2)rovement was in every mouth, and resistance was 
 unavailing. The stinted pines became alarmed, 
 and gradually receded. The hills themselves gave 
 way. New streets opened their extended lines, 
 and the old ones grew wider. The roosters on the 
 gable heads, thai for more than a century had braved 
 the Indians and the breeze; that had even flapped 
 their wings and crowed in the face of Burgoyne 
 himself, now gave it up, and came quietly down. 
 The gables in despair soon followed, and more 
 imposing fronts soon reared their corniced heads. 
 The old Dutch Church ' itself, though thought to 
 
 ^This churcli was demolished in 180G, aud the materials used in 
 the construction of the Middle Dutch Church on Beaver and Hud- 
 son streets. It was erected in 1715. The Episcojialians began the 
 erection of their church in State street 1714, which stimulated the 
 Dutch to the vigorous prosecution of a similar entcri)rise. The 
 walls were laid around tlie old churcli, and in September of that 
 year the services in the old church were omitted in the afternoon 
 of one Sunday on account of the obstructions to the entrance. In 
 October the services were again interrupted two Sundays, while 
 the old church was being demolished. On the third Sunday child- 
 ren were baptized in the new church in the aftenioou. This was 
 
40 
 
 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 be immortal, submitted to its fate, and fell ! not at 
 the foot of Pompey's statue, exactly, but at the foot 
 of State street, which freed from that obstruction, 
 thenceforward became the Eialt'o of the city, where 
 pedlers of stale sea-cod, and country hucksters, now 
 do congregate. 
 
 DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, 
 
 Erected 1715, demolished 1806. 
 
 thought to be so notable a feat that it is still an oft repeated tradi- 
 tion. Equally note-worthy is the fact that the tirst person bap- 
 tized in the new church in 171o, was the last one for whom the bell 
 tolled at her funeral in 1806, her age being 92. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 
 
 41 
 
 Even the dogs now began to bark in broken Eng- 
 lish: many of them, indeed, liad ah-eady caught 
 the Yankee twang, so rapid was the progress of 
 refinement. In the process of a few brief years, 
 all that was venerable in the eyes of the ancient 
 burgers disappeared. Then came the great eclipse 
 of 1806,^ which clearly announced the fall and final 
 end of the Dutch dynasty. It is hardly necessary 
 
 1 This eclipse forms au epoch in our hisloiy. It -was capdo'ed 
 by Ezra Ames and Simeon De Witt. The former made a painting 
 of it, and the latter described it. The accompanying engrav- 
 ing is but a very poor counterpart of Mr. Ames's painting. It was 
 a total eclipse, and Mr. De Witt in describing the painting says : 
 
 "The edge of the Moon was 
 strongly illuminated, and had 
 the brilliancy of polished 
 silver. No common co- 
 lors could express this ; 
 I therefore directed it to 
 be attempted by a raised 
 silver rim. No verbal 
 ;- description can give any- 
 thing like a true idea of 
 this sublime spectacle, 
 vs'ith which man is so 
 rarely gratified. In order 
 to have a proper conception 
 of what IS intended to be re- 
 presented, joxL must transfer 
 your ideas to the heavens and imagine, at the departure of the 
 last ray of the Sun, in his retreat behind the Moon, an awful 
 gloom in an instant diffused over the face of nature, and around 
 a dark circle near the south, an immense radiated glory, like a 
 now creation, bursting on the sight and for some minutes fixing 
 the gaze of man in silent amazement. " 
 
 6 
 
42 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 to say, tliat not an iron rooster lias crowed upon 
 tlie gable heads, nor a civil cocked liat been seen 
 in the ancient city of Albany, from that day to 
 this.i 
 
 But let it be remembered, tbat if tbe growth of 
 Albany was slow, its position rendered it sure. 
 The great west, in 1800, was comparatively a wil- 
 derness. "With the growth of this vast interior, 
 Albany has grown ; it has increased with its increase, 
 and strengthened with its strength. "No hand, how- 
 ever strong, no enterprise, however active, could 
 have carried it forward one hour faster than it went. 
 Its trade was necessarily dependent upon the popu- 
 lation and products of the west, and with these it 
 has fairly kept pace. 
 
 It is, however, true that the ancient Dutch fami- 
 
 ' The last of those who adhered to the burger costume was Gen. 
 John H. Wendell, who lived in a small Dutch built house in North 
 Market street, the sixth door above Maiden lane, on the west side. 
 He died 10th July, 1832, aged 80, and lies buried in the Dutch Re- 
 formed church yard, on State street. He died of an apoplectic 
 attack which occurred at church on the previous Sunday. In 
 1776, at 24 years of age, he abandoned the profession of the law, 
 and became an ensign in the first New York regiment, but soon 
 entitled himself to promotion, and was made captain under Col. 
 Van Schaick, and commanded a company at the battle of Mon- 
 mouth. He was with the army during the whole period of the 
 war, and was subscqiiently raised to the rank of major-general 
 of the militia, and also filled various civil ofliccs with talent and 
 ability. He continued to wear the costume of the era of the revo- 
 lution to the time of his death. 
 
Eecollections of Albany. 43 
 
 lies, tliongh among the most wealthy and respect- 
 able, were not the most enterprising, nor the most 
 active. Many of them possessed large landed es- 
 tates, lived upon their incomes, and left to others 
 the toils and profits of trade. At the head of this 
 class, and distinguished for his many excellent and 
 amiable qualities, stood the late patroon, Stephen 
 Van Rensselaer;^ a man widely and honorably 
 known ; rich without pride, and liberal without os- 
 tentation. I may also mention the name of Jere- 
 miah Van Eensselaer,^ a whig of the revolution, 
 and for several years lieutenant-governor of the 
 state : a frank, stout-hearted old gentleman, univers- 
 ally respected. 
 
 General Ten Broeck,^ also of the revolutionary 
 
 1 Bom 17G4, died 1837 ; a memoir of him, written by Daniel D. 
 Barnard, may be found in Annals of Albany, iii, 281. 
 
 ^ Jeremiah Van Rensselaer died 19tli Feb., 1810, aged 70. He 
 took a conspicuous part in the Revolution ; was chairman of the 
 committee which drew up the famous objections to the adoption 
 of the constitution in 1787 (see AnnaU Albany, iv, 336) ; was elect- 
 ed president of the Bank of Albany 1799; declined reelection in 
 1806. The house in which he lived was in North Pearl street, 
 the third below Steuben, on the east side, and was taken down in 
 1837 for the erection of a splendid dwelling by Mr. Thomas W. 
 Olcott which was described by the English traveler, Buckingham, 
 who visited the city at the time. — Annals of Albany, ix, 291-2. 
 
 3 Abraham Ten Broeck died Januaiy 19, 1810, and his funeral 
 was attended with militaiy honors and a vcrj' large concourse of 
 citizens. The Ten Broccks do not appear to have come early 
 into the country (unless they went originally under the name of 
 Wessels), although the name is mentioned in the Knickerbocker his- 
 
44 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 school, distinguished for his activity, intelligence 
 and public spirit. 
 
 Cornelius Van Schelluyne,^ the theil best living 
 type of the ancient race ; rich, honest, independent, 
 unlettered and unpretending. 
 
 In alluding to these ancient and wealthy families, 
 that of the Gansevoorts should not be omitted; for 
 it is connected with the patriotism and the triumphs 
 
 toiy. Dirk Ten Broeck is the first mentioned in the city records, 
 who was mayor of Albany in 1747, and died before 1751. His 
 son Abraham, who is the person here alluded to, engaged in mer- 
 chandize, and in 1753 married Elizabeth, sister of Stephen Van 
 Kensselaer. From 1760 to 1765, he represented the manor in the 
 general assembly, and took an active interest in the revolution. 
 He was a delegate in the provincial congress, and as brigadier 
 general of the militia, rendered efficient service, especially in 1777. 
 In 1779 and 1796 he was mayor of the city, and from 1780 to 1783 
 was in the state senate ; and in 1781 was appointed first judge of 
 Albany county, an ofiice which he held thirteen years. He was 
 also president of the Bank of Albanj^, and enjoj-ed in a large degree 
 the confidence and esteem of the public. His house stood on the 
 north line of Columbia street, facing North-market street. The 
 house, when it was built, stood outside of the city stockadoes ; 
 it was burnt in the great conflagration of 1798 (Aug. 4), which 
 overran several streets, rendering houseless one hundred and fifty 
 families — the greatest calamity that had ever befallen the city. 
 He then built the house on Arbor hill, upon a plat 293 by 759 
 feet, the house 44 by 52 feet, now the residence of Mr. Thomas W. 
 Olcott, corner of Ten Broeck and Third streets. It is believed 
 that Gen. Ten Broeck has no posterity residing in Albany. 
 
 1 Cornelius Van Schellxjyne died 16th April, 1813, aged 76. 
 There is now no representative of this once wealthy and in- 
 fluential family remaining in the city ; he was therefore the last of 
 his race, so to speak. The progenitor of the family in this coun- 
 try was Dirk Van Schelluyne, who arrived in New Netherland 
 in 1652. 
 
i?<^-^>^^-^-^ 
 
Recollections of Albany. 45 
 
 of the revolution. "The licro of Fort Stanwix"' 
 has left to his clesceudants a time-honored name — a 
 name that belongs to the history of the country, 
 and to one of its most interesting and important 
 periods. 
 
 But those of a more active and business-like 
 character among the Dutch, were the Bleeckers, the 
 Lansings, the Douw;^, tlic Van Schaicks, the Ten 
 Eycks, the TenBroecks, thePruyns, the Ilochstras- 
 sers,^ the Van Loons, and the Staatses. The princi- 
 pal merchants of the city, however — those who gave 
 life and character to its business interests — were 
 citizens of a more recent date, coming from differ- 
 
 1 Petkr Gansevookt, Jun., born 17th July, 1749, died 2d July, 
 1812, aged 62. With the rauk of major he accompanied Mont- 
 gomery to Canada in 1775. He commanded at Fort Stanwix as 
 colonel when it was besieged by St. Leger, in 1777, and resolutely 
 defended the post from tly) 3d to the 23d August, when the ad- 
 vance of Arnold dispersed the besieging army, and relieved the 
 fort. For this gallant conduct he received the thanks of congress, 
 and in 1781 was appointed brigadier-general by the state. After 
 the war he acted as military ageu^^ and was entrusted with other 
 offices, in all which he maintained a high character for honesty of 
 purpose and efficiency. For an extended biography of General 
 Gansevoort, prepared by his son, the Hon. Peter Gansevoort, see 
 Rogers's Biographical Dictionai'y ; also, Appleton's Neio American 
 Cyclopedia. General Gansevoort was born in the house which 
 formerly stood on the site of Stanwix Hall, corner of Broadway 
 and Maiden lane, the property having been long in tlie family. 
 He died in the house which he built about 1801, on a part of what 
 now constitutes the plat occupied by the Delavan House. 
 
 2 The Hochstrassers disappeared some years ago, the last l)cing 
 Jacob, the sou of Paul, who died ICth April, 1845. 
 
46 Eecollections of Albany. 
 
 ent parts of the Union, but mostly from IS'ew Eng- 
 land. Among these, were James Kane, Dudley- 
 Walsh,^ William James,^ Isaiah Townsend,^ Gilbert 
 
 1 DiJDLEY Walsh, some time president of the Bank of Albany, 
 died 24th May, 1816, aged 55. He was distinguished, says his 
 obituary notice in tile Albany Daily Advertiser, for the temperance 
 and regularity of his life. He was the builder of his own fortune 
 and character ; having come to this country from Ireland, and 
 begun his career unaided and alone; and his industry, intelli- 
 gence and integrity placed him at the head of the commercial 
 interest. "As a Christian, a citizen, and a merchant, he had no 
 superior here." His residence was on the south-east corner of 
 North-market and Steuben streets, and his place of business was 
 nearly opposite. The dwelling, although some years ago convert- 
 ed into stores, was standing until the present year, when it was 
 so much altered and greatly enlarged for the use of the American 
 express company, as to destroy its identity. 
 
 ^ WiLLiAii James, a native of Ireland, as we learn from his tomb 
 stone, died 19th Dec, 1832, aged 63. From a humble beginning 
 he became an eminent and opulent merchant, and long occupied 
 the position of a liberal and enlightened citizen. Prosperous 
 almost beyond parallel, his career exemplified how surely strong 
 and practical intellect, with unremitted perseverance, will be ac- 
 companied by success. Of unaffected manners, generous, hospi- 
 table, public spirited, open ever to the claims of charity, prompt 
 to participate in any enterprise of general utility or benevolence, 
 Mr. James enjoyed, as he deserved, the sincere respect and esteem 
 of his fellow-citizens, and his loss was rightly considered as a 
 public calamity. His residence was on the east side of North- 
 pearl street, below Steuben street, built by Daniel Hale ; his place 
 of business the building still occupying the west corner of State 
 and Green streets. 
 
 3 Isaiah Townsend died 17th Feb., 1838, aged 61. He was a na- 
 tive' of Orange county, the eldest of nine children, and came to the 
 city in 1799. As the senior partner of the house of I. & J. Town- 
 send he had been engaged in active and extensive mercantile 
 and manufacturing business for the last thirty-six years of his life. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 47 
 
 Stewart,^ Thomas GoiikP, "William,^ John, and Alcx- 
 
 Thc house, by its enterprise and libenilitj', liad done much to 
 promote the manufacturing- interests of the country, and still more 
 to advance the prosperity of the city. He is characterized as in all 
 things an uprigiit, just, and generous man, who lived a life of ■ 
 honor and usefulness. His residence was the house on the south- 
 east corner of State and Eagle streets, now the executive mansion ; 
 his place of business the store No. 62 State street. 
 
 1 Gilbert Stewart came from Orange county, and returned 
 thither at the close of an imsuccessful business career. He car- 
 ried on a general flour and grain business on the dock, and was 
 also engaged iu milling. He built the house No. 132 State street, 
 at present owned and occupied by Dr. Peter McNaughton, but 
 did not long enjoy it. It was some time the residence of William 
 L. Marcy. 
 
 * Thomas Gould, died 22d April, 1820, and was buried from 
 his dwelling house No. 18 Montgomery street. In 1798 his busi- 
 ness relations with Benjamin Dickinson and Job Gould, under the 
 firm name of Gould, Dickinson & Co., were dissolved, his 
 brother Job continuing the business at 13 Court street. He then 
 carried on business on the opposite side of the street, between 
 Beaver and State, and had for a time Henry "W. and Edward C. 
 Delavan as partners in tlie hardware business: and subsequently 
 until his death his store was the one still occupied for the same 
 business on the corner of State street and Middle lane now James 
 street. He acquired a fortune. In 1832 his estate was appor- 
 tioned $10,000 damages for property required for the opening 
 of Little-state street. 
 
 'Urloi MAR■\^]sr, John Marvin, William Marvin, Alexander 
 Marvin and Richard Marvin were brothers, born in Lyme, Con- 
 necticut. About 179G John ]\Iarvin removed to Ballston, and 
 kept a store on Court-house liill. Some four years afterwards he 
 removed to Albany and formed a partnership with his brother, 
 William, under the name of Wm. & John Marvin. They car- 
 ried on business as grocers in the store on the south-west corner 
 of State and Quay streets, the stand afterwards occupied by Geo. 
 W. Stanton. Alexander ]Marvin commenced business in Ballston 
 about 1804, and came to All)any about two years afterwards and 
 here went into tlie store of his brothers. Not far from 1810, they 
 
48 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 ander Marvin, Thomas Mather/ Peter and John I. 
 Boyd,^ John Spencer & Co.,^ John and Spencer Staf- 
 
 purchased a lot ou the east side of Court street, since South-mar- 
 ket, now South Broadway, at the south corner of Trotter's alley, 
 and there carried on business under the name of "W., J. & A. Mar- 
 vin. John retired from the business in 1822 and it was then con- 
 tinued under the name of W. & A. Marvin until 1828 when 
 William retired, and B. C. Raymond became a partner under the 
 name of A. Marvin & Co. Mr. Alexander Marvin retired from 
 business in 1842. WilUam Marvin died at New London, Conn., 
 19th May, 1849, aged 74 ; John died at Albany, 8th May, 1853, 
 and Alexander died at Albany, 1st Sept., 1864, in his 80th year. 
 Uriah and Richard w^ere in other business in Albany. 
 
 1 Thomas Mather came from Lyme, Conn., and did a general 
 store business in State street below James, early in the present 
 century, and afterwards became interested in mills on the Wynants 
 kil, and dealt in flour and grain on the dock, corner of Trotter's 
 alley. He was one of the flrst directors of the New York State 
 Bank, and seems to have left Albany before the war of 1812. He 
 went to Middletown, Conn., where he carried on a business with 
 the West Indies, shipping horses principally, and bringing back 
 the products of that country. He died about 1850 at an advanced 
 age. 
 
 2 The father of Peter and John I. Boyd arrived in Albany from 
 Scotland in 1774, and his ten sons were born and reared in this 
 city. The firm commenced business in 1803, and became exten- 
 sively known for its probity and honorable dealings. They 
 did business in South-market street, and retired in 1830 with a 
 competency. Peter was an active member of the First-prcsbyte- 
 rian church, and diligently occupied in doing good. He reared a 
 numerous family and died 3d July, 1846, aged 71. John I. died 
 unmarried, 12th July, 1856, aged 76. 
 
 ^JoHN Spencer died 13th Aug., 1824, aged 44. The firm of 
 John Spencer & Co. consisted of himself and Thomas Gould 
 about 1808. The latter built for the use of the finn the store 
 now occupied by Messrs. Tucker & Crawford, on what was then 
 Court street, between State and Beaver, which was for many 
 years the hardware row. Mr. Spencer subsequently associated 
 Mr. Erastus Corning with him in the business, under the same 
 firm name. In 1819, an association styled the Albany Chamber 
 
RecollectiOx\s of Albany. 49 
 
 ford,^ Isaac and George Hutton,^tlie Messrs. "Webb,* 
 aud many others. 
 
 Chamber of Commerce and Public Improvements was formed, 
 the objects of which were not made i)ubUc, but a committee of five 
 was appointed for the month of Ajiril, to settle any disputes that 
 might arise between merchants of the city, who might choose to 
 submit them for settlement, which consisted of Isaiah Townsend, 
 Joseph Alexander, Peter Van Loon, Walter Clarke and John 
 Spencer. On the death of 3Ir. Spencer, his surviving partner, 
 Mr. Erastus Corning, carried on the business alone for some 
 years, and then associated himself with Jolni T. Norton, under 
 the firm name of Corning & Norton; and this house became the 
 most extensive hardware establishment in the state out of the city 
 of New York — Mr. Corning having retired only within the 
 last two years. 
 
 1 John Stafford died 12th Oct., 1819, aged 57, and Spencer died 
 10th Feb., 1844, aged 73. The latter lived at No. 100 Lydius street, 
 in the house now owned and occupied by the Rev. I. N. Wyckoff ; 
 his place of business was in the row on Court street, between 
 State and Beaver. Mr. Lewis Benedict was one of the firm when 
 it was dissolved, 5th March, 1817. 
 
 * Isaac Hutton died at Stuyvesant Landing, 8th Sept, 1855, 
 aged 68, and George died at Rhinebeck. They were engaged in 
 the manufacture and sale of silver ware and jewelry, in North- 
 market street, where Henry Newman's store now is. Having 
 acquired money they embarked in the manufacture of cotton 
 goods and became bankrupt. 
 
 ^ The house of Webb & Dummer Avas established in the fall of 
 1807. They advertised a new wholesale store, No. 17 State street, 
 opposite the post otfice, in the store formerly occupied by San- 
 ders & Odgeu. This was on the site of the Exciiange building. 
 In 1815 they were doing business where 51 State street now is, 
 and in Jul}^ of that year purchased the east half of the Tontine 
 building, which was occupied by themselves and their successors 
 till quite recently. George Dummer retired and the firm name 
 was afterwards J. H. & H. L. Webb, which was dissolved 
 in March, 1829. John 11., the partner of Dummer, died at Hart- 
 ford, Conn., 14th Sept., 1847. The firm afterwards consisted of 
 
 7 
 
50 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 There was still another class, not less active, nor 
 less important, in a business point of view. I al- 
 lude to a then comparatively new, or recently es- 
 
 H. L. & C. B. Webb aucl Alfred Douglass. The Webbs sold out to 
 Gregory & Co., in 1844. It was the first house in this branch of 
 business that extended a credit to the merchants of the North- 
 west territory, then almost a wilderness, often astonishing the 
 burgers of Albany by a display of packages marked Foi't Winne- 
 bago, Green Bay, Chicago, Sault Ste. Marie, Pontiac, &c., places 
 having a very uncertain whereabouts in the far west, absolutely 
 beyond the reach of civilization. Michigan, until the establish- 
 ment of their branch in Detroit, in 1834, drew her supplies al- 
 most exclusively from them. Henry L. died at Hartford, Conn., 
 in Oct., 1846. He was one of the founders of the Canal bank, and 
 at the time of his death was president of the Gas Light comi^any. 
 George Dummcr was bom in New Haven, Ct., 8th February, 
 1782, and died in Jersey City, 21st Februaiy, 1853. After he re- 
 tired from the firm, he resided in the city of New York until 
 1825, when he removed to Jersey City, where he had already in 
 that year built two extensive factories ; one for the manufacturing 
 of flint glass and the other for making china ware. These were 
 the first factories erected in Jersey City, and they have contributed 
 much to its present prosperity. In the china factory an excellent 
 article of porcelain was produced ; but the cost of manufocturing 
 this ware was too great to bring it in successful competition with 
 the imported article sold in the American market. The establish- 
 ment soon passed into other hands and is now known as the Jer- 
 sey City Pottery. The glass house is one of the largest in the 
 United States, and was carried on by Mr. Dummer from the be- 
 ginning, with great energy, honesty and steadiness of purpose, 
 through all the vicissitudes of mercantile revolutions and com- 
 mercial difficulties, and under every change of the tariff". By his 
 ability the works were kept in full operation, while other glass 
 makers were at times obliged to curtail their operations or dis- 
 continue business entirely. A few years before his death he was 
 attacked by paralysis, and having lost his activity, and being then 
 an invalid, he retired from business in 1852. The Jersey City 
 Glass Works are now leased to Read & Moulds, able practical 
 
Recollections of Albany. 51 
 
 tablislieJ body of mechanics, of which Benjamin 
 KnowerMvas confessedly at thclicad. Mr. Kuower 
 
 glass makt-rs, and formerly operatives in the establishment. Like 
 the vestal lamps the lire in tlie Jersey City Glass Works burned 
 night and day and never was allowed to go out from the time it 
 was tirst lighted under the pots in 1825, until in March, 1805, 
 when the absolute scarcity of coal in the New York market, the 
 consequently high prices, and the constant demand of the work- 
 men for higher wages, which were ah-eady exorbitant, all caused 
 bj' the disturbed state of the country, reluctantly compelled the 
 present firm to suspend operations for a time. This cessation of 
 glass making lasted four weeks, when to the joy of many a wife 
 and mother the fires were again lighted. A period of forty years 
 of uninterrupted operations is remarkable in the histoiy of glass 
 making in the United States. 
 
 Mr. Dummer was a man of great liberality. He was gifted 
 with a high degree of practical common sense, and possessed an 
 ardent love for the beautiful and the useful. To him the public 
 of Jersey City are principally indebted for their park trees, and his 
 example in setting out trees about all the property under his con- 
 trol induced others to follow the example. The amelioration of 
 the condition of the laboring classes constantly occupied his mind 
 even to the last days of his life, and he constantly introduced 
 various sanitary and labor saving improvements in their abodes 
 belonging to him, which materially added to their health, ease 
 and comfort — a benefaction not very frequently imitated, and sel- 
 dom duly appreciated. In 182G he was chosen president of the 
 board of selectmen of Jcrsej' City, and held that office until 1830. 
 A street was named after him, and although the present genera- 
 tion, ignorant of the daj'S of old, have changed its name, his kind- 
 ness of heart and the zeal with which he labored in the days of 
 his strong health for the improvements and prosperity of Jersey 
 City arc still gratefully remembered by many. 
 
 ^Benjamin Knower died 2:jd Aug., 1839, aged 64. He was from 
 Massachusetts, and resided in Albany nearly forty years. He was 
 a hatter, but also entered upon extensive commercial transactions. 
 His place of business was in South-market street, a few doors 
 below Hudson, on the west side. His career was distinguished 
 
52 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 was indeed a man of strong mind and persevering 
 energy of character. Through his influence, the 
 charter of the Mechanics and Farmers' Bank was 
 obtained ; and the mechanics of the city of Albany 
 rose in consideration and respect, personal and po- 
 litical, to a height which they had never before 
 reached. 
 
 Among the merchants (I speak of the period 
 from 1800 to 1808), Mr. Kane^ was perhaps the most 
 prominent. He was, indeed, in many respects, the 
 most prominent man in the city : prominent from 
 his extensive operations and business connections ; 
 prominent from his wealth, his liberality, his 
 marked attention to strangers, his gentlemanly style 
 of dress, and bachelor mode of living. He was dis- 
 tiuguised, too, by an address and manner so singu- 
 
 for enterprise and public spirit, and he passed through it with a 
 reputation for integrity unsullied, and for business capacity unsur- 
 passed. He was for a long time connected with, and took an 
 active part in the management of tlie Mechanics and Farmers' 
 bank, of which he was ijresident. In 1821 he was solicited to 
 take the office of state treasurer, which he held until the fall of 
 1824, when he resigned. In his occupation as a hatter he had 
 many apprentices, most of whom, as a matter of course, were 
 without precuniary means, or friends able to assist them. He 
 seemed to regard it not only as a duty, but a source of personal 
 gratification, to extend a helping hand at this critical moment in 
 their lives. 
 
 1 James Kane died2dApril, 1851, aged 80, the last survivor of his 
 family. He retired to rest at night as usual, and was found dead 
 in his bed the next morning. The small room which he occupied 
 in the fourth story of the American Hotel, in the south east cor- 
 ner, overlooked the beautiful grounds which he ornamented iu his 
 

Recollections of Albany. SB 
 
 larly polite and courteous as seemingly to border 
 upon excess. But let it be remembered, to his 
 honor, that as no man in the city was more gene- 
 rally known, so there was no one more generally or 
 more highly respected. The courtesy or politeness 
 of Mr. Kane did not, however, consist in mere 
 
 prosperous clays, and he used to say jocosely, that his window 
 gave him a view of Jimmy Kane's walk. It may have afforded 
 him a melancholy satisfaction to contemplate the scene; but every 
 year saw portions of it buiU upon. The grounds were first quar- 
 tered hj running AVesterlo and Broad streets through them, upon 
 which dwellings and churches were erected, but there still re- 
 mained the old mansion, and many of the fine okl trees which he 
 had planted with his own hand. 
 
 The following tribute to his memory was paid by Bishop Alonzo 
 Potter: "He had been for years the merchant prince of the 
 city in which he lived. His ventures all seemed successfid ; his 
 mansion was the home of a delightful hospitality ; his grounds 
 the delighted resort of all ages and ranks. There was no pub- 
 lic charity, no plan of local or general improvement, which he did 
 not gladly help forward. All at once he was arrested by one of 
 those sudden and wide-spread revulsions that sweep like a tornado 
 across our commercial world. The storm left him a complete 
 wreck ; everything he had on earth was surrendered to his cre- 
 ditors, and he stood forth rich in character and self-approbation, 
 but penniless in purse. It was too late in life, as he tliought, to 
 retrieve his fallen fortunes. He loved books : he had neither wife 
 nor child. He was surrounded by the friends of his 3'outh, at 
 whose houses he was always a welcome guest. A few creditors 
 remitted their claims, and insisted upon his applying the proceeds 
 to his personal wants. He reluctantly consented. For more than 
 twenty years he lived amidst the scenes of liis former prosperity 
 a poor but contented and happy man. Boolvs were friends that 
 rarely parted company witli liim. Tlicy turned on him no cold 
 looks ; they gave him no half welcome ; and I verily believe that 
 never, even in the most brilliant days of a career that made him 
 the observed of all observers, did he enjoy himself so well as 
 
54 Recollections oe Albany. 
 
 words or modes of expression. It had its founda- 
 tion in good feeling — I may say in humanity, which 
 speaks to the heart, and is understood where words 
 are not; which, rising superior to forms and fash- 
 ions, borrows nothing from art, nothing from elo- 
 quence. 
 
 I shall venture, by way of illustration, to give an 
 instance of this sort of politeness. There appeared 
 at the dinner table of the Tontine Coffee House, 
 where Mr. Kane then boarded, and at a time when 
 the house was crowded to excess, an old gentleman 
 and his wife. They were very plainly dressed, but 
 still respectable in their appearance. They were, 
 evidently, countiy people, "from down east;" and 
 were probably bound on a visit to their relations in 
 the west. The servants, always too few in number, 
 were now altogether insufficient to attend to the 
 wants of the company at table. The old people, 
 therefore, being strangers, and unknown to any 
 one, were totally neglected. It was shameful ! I 
 made one or two efforts to get a servant to attend 
 to them, but all in vain : there were too many louder 
 
 wliile liis wliole stipend was two himdred dollars a year." 
 
 It may be added that it was thought that the wealth of the 
 Kanes was greatly overrated. They had branches at New York, 
 Philadelphia, Baltimore, and in the Mohawk Yalky, and are said 
 to have ol)taiued no small amount of capital by drawing on one 
 another. They came from Orange county. 
 
Eecollections of Albany. 55 
 
 and more authoritative calls. At length, however, 
 they wore noticed by Mr. Kane, who looked round 
 for his own servant, but finding him engaged, im- 
 mediately left his seat and walked down to the lower 
 end of the table where the old couple sat, and po- 
 litely asked them what they would be helped to; 
 took their plates to a side-table, carved for them 
 himself, helped them to vegetables, bread, &c., and 
 then returned quietly to his seat. He was doubt- 
 less taken by the old people, and perhaps hij other 
 strangers, for the master of the house, or the head 
 xoaiter! There was certainly no gentleman present 
 who dared to run the risk of being so mistaken. 
 But Mr. Kane could afford it. The politeness, or, 
 more properly speaking, the humanity of the act, 
 did him honor, and far outweighed the momentary, 
 or rather the imaginary loss of dignity. 
 
 As a people, we cannot be sufficiently grateful to 
 Providence for the character of our ancestors. From 
 the Puritans of England, the Huguenots of France, 
 and the Protestants of the Netherlands, did thia 
 country derive the seeds and elements of its great- 
 ness: its purity of faith, its principles, and its power. 
 To them, under Providence, are we indebted for 
 our civil and religious liberties, tlie character of our 
 institutions, and the hardy, resolute and enterprising 
 spirit of the nation. Talents and virtues are alike 
 
56 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 liereditaiy, though the stream is not always un- 
 broken by shallows, nor the measure of its greatness 
 always full. There must, I think, have been a 
 strong fund of good sense and native talent in the 
 early Dutch settlers. We have seen it break out 
 occasionally, even in the fourth and fifth genera- 
 tions; and sometimes, too, quite unexpectedly, as in 
 the case of Ex-President Yan Buren,^ whose imme- 
 diate antecedents gave no promise of such an erup- 
 tion, or even foreshadowed the probability of such 
 an event. Still, in all such cases, there must have 
 been a living spring (no matter how remote) fr'om 
 whence the waters flowed. 
 
 Among the Dutch families of Albany, in which 
 a strong vein of original talent occasionally mani- 
 fested itself, were those of the Schuylers, the Yan 
 Yechtens, the Lansings, and the Yateses. General 
 Schuyler,^ of the Revolution, was a man of great 
 
 'Martin Van Buren, wliile governor of the state, occupied a 
 house in State street, next above the west corner of South- 
 pearl, which had been erected by John Stevenson in the time of 
 the Revolution, and was demolished in 1841. 
 
 2 Philip Schuyler died 18th Nov., 1804, aged 83. The Dutch 
 family of Schuyler stands conspicuous in our colonial annals. 
 Colonel Peter Schuyler was mayor of Albany, and commander of 
 the northern militia in 1690. He was distinguished for his probity 
 and activity in all the various duties of civil and military life. No 
 man understood better the relation of the colou}^ with the Five 
 Nations of Indians, or had more decided influence with that con- 
 federacy. He had frequently chastised the Canadian French for 
 their destructive incursions upon the frontier settlements ; and his 
 
HOUSE OCCUPIED BY GOVERNOR VAN BUREN, 
 
 No. 92 State Street. 
 
 Erected 1780 ; Demolished 1*41. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 67 
 
 vigor of mind, strong sense, and sound judf^ment; 
 which was happily associated with liberal feelings, 
 
 zeal aud energy were rewarded by a scat in the provincial council, 
 and the house of assembly gave their testimony to the British 
 court of his faithful services and good reputation. It was this 
 same vigilant officer who gave intelligence to the inhabitants of 
 Deerfield, on Connecticut river, of the designs of the French and 
 Indians upon them, some short time before the destruction of that 
 village in 1704. In 1720, as president of the council, he became 
 acting governor of the colony for a short time, previous to the 
 accession of Governor Burnet. His son. Colonel Philip Schuyler, 
 was an active and efficient member of assembly for the city and 
 county of Albany in 1748. But the Pliilip Schuyler here alluded 
 to, aud who in a subsequent age shed such signal lustre upon the 
 family name, was born at Albany in the year 1733 ; and at an 
 early age he began to display his active mind and mihtaiy spirit. 
 He was a captain in the New York levies at Fort Edward in 1755, 
 and accompanied the British army in the expedition down Lake 
 George in the summer of 1758. He was with Lord Howe when 
 he fell by the tire of the enemy, on landing at the north end of 
 the lake, and he was appointed to convey the body of that young 
 and lamented nobleman to Albanj^ where he was buried with ap- 
 propriate solemnities in the Episcopal church. We next find him 
 under the title of Colonel Schujder, in company with his com- 
 patriot George Clinton, in the year 1708, on the floor of the house 
 of assembly, taking an active sliare in all their vehement dis- 
 cussions. On the nineteenth of June, 1775, Philip Scluij'lcr was 
 appointed by congress the third major general in the armies of 
 the United Colonies. In July, 1775, he was placed at the head of 
 a board of commissioners for the northern department, aud in 
 September, 1775, was acting imdcr positive instructions to enter 
 Canada ; and he proceeded, with Generals Montgomery and Woos- 
 ter under his command, to the Isle aux Noix. He had at that time 
 become extremely ill, and was obliged to leave the command 
 of the expedition to devolve upon Gen. Montgomery. His ac- 
 tivity, .skill and zeal shone conspicuous]}- throughout that arduous 
 northern campaign ; and his unremitting correspondence received 
 the most prompt and marked consideration. On the thirtieth of 
 
58 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 and principles of honor and patriotism. He should 
 by right have commanded that army in the revolu- 
 
 December, 1775, he was ordered to disarm the disaffected inhabit- 
 ants of Tryon county, then under the influence of Sir John John- 
 son ; and on the eighteenth of January following, he made a 
 treaty with the disaffected portion of the people in the western 
 part of that state. On the eighth of January, 1776, he was ordered 
 to have the St. Lawrence river, above and below Quebec, well ex- 
 plored. On the twenty-fifth of January he was ordered to have 
 the fortress of Ticonderoga repaired and made defensible ; and on 
 the seventeenth of Februaiy he was directed to take com- 
 mand of the forces, and conduct the militaiy operations at the city 
 of New York. All these cumulative and conflicting orders from 
 congress were made upon him in the coiu-se of six weeks, and 
 they were occasioned by the embarrassments and distresses of the 
 times. In March, 1776, congress changed their plan of operation, 
 and directed Gen. Schuyler to establish his head quarters at 
 Albany, and superintend the army destined for Canada. By his 
 thorough business habits, his precise attention to details, and by his 
 skill and science in every duty connected with the equipment of 
 an army, he was admirably fitted to be at the head of the com- 
 missariat ; and he gave life and vigor to eveiy branch of the 
 service. On the fourteenth of June, 1776, he was ordered by 
 congress to hold a treaty with the Six Nations, and engage them 
 in the interest of the colonies. His preparations for taking im- 
 mediate possession of Fort Stanwix, and erecting a fortification 
 there, received the approbation of congress. He was ordered, on 
 the seventeenth of June, to clear Wood creek, and construct a 
 lock upon the creek at Skeensl)orough, and to take the level of the 
 waters falling into the Hudson at Fort Edward and into Wood 
 creek. On the first of August following, he was on the upper 
 Mohawk, providing for its defense and security ; and again in Oc- 
 tober we find him on the upper Hudson, and calling upon the 
 Eastern states for their militia. There can be no doubt that the 
 northern frontier, in the campaign of 1776, was indebted for its 
 extraordinary quiet and security to the ceaseless activity of Gen. 
 Schuyler. At the close of that year he was further instructed to 
 build a floating batteiy on the lake, at the foot of Mount Indepen- 
 dence, and also to strengthen the works at Fort Stanwix. In the 
 
Recollections of Albany. 59 
 
 tionary war, wliieli, in the day of battle, he joined 
 as a voliiutcer, — a man greatly his inferior having 
 
 midst of such conflicting and harassing services, he had excited 
 much popular jealousy and ill will, arising from the cncrgj- of his 
 character and the dignity of his deportment, and in October, 177G, 
 tendered to congress the resignation of his commission ; but 
 when congress came to uivestigate his services, they found them, 
 says the historian of Washington, fiir to exceed in value any esti- 
 mate whicli had been made of them. They declared that they 
 could not dispense with his services, during the then situation of 
 afiliirs ; and they directed the president of congress to request him 
 to continue in his command, and they declared then- high sense of 
 his services in the memorable campaign of 1777. Gen. Schujier 
 was still in the command of the whole northern department, and ho 
 made every exertion to check the progress of the enemy. Ticon- 
 deroga being assailed, and suddenly evacuated by Gen. St. Claii', 
 Gen. Schuyler met on the upper Hudson the news of the retreat ; 
 and he displayed, says the candid and accurate historian of Wash- 
 ington, the utmost diligence and judgment in that gloomy state of 
 things. He effectually impeded the navigation of Wood creek. 
 He rendered the roads impassable. He removed every kmd of 
 provisions and stores beyond the reach of the enemy. He sum- 
 moned the miUtia of New York and New England to his assist- 
 ance; and he answered the proclamation of Burgoyne by a 
 counter proclamation, equally addressed to the hopes and fears of 
 the country. Congress, by their resolution of the seventeenth of 
 July, 1777, approved all the acts of Gen. Schuyler in reference to 
 the army at Ticonderoga ; but the evacuation of that fortress ex- 
 cited great discontent in the United States, and Gen. Schujder did 
 not escape his share of the popular clamor, and he was made a 
 victim to appease it. It was deemed expedient to recall the general 
 officers in the northern army, and in the month of August he 
 was superseded in the comnumd of that department by the arrival 
 of Gen. Gates. The laurels which he was in preparation to win 
 by his judicious and distinguished efforts, and which he would 
 very shortly have attained, were by that removal intercepted from 
 his brow. Gen. Schuyler felt acutely the discredit of being re- 
 called in the most critical and interesting period of the campaign 
 
60 * Kecollections of Albany. 
 
 been placed over his head. But no neglect or in- 
 jury could alienate his feelings, or weaken his 
 attachment to the cause of his country. 
 
 of 1777, and when the labor and activity of making preparations 
 to repair the disaster of it had been expended by him ; and when 
 an opportunity was opening, as he observed, for that resistance 
 and relaliaton which might bring gloiy upon our arms. If error 
 be attributable to the evacuation of Ticonderoga, says the his- 
 torian of Washington, no portion of it was committed by Gen. 
 Schuyler. But his removal, though unjust and severe as respected 
 himself, was rendered expedient, according to Chief Justice Mar- 
 shall, as a sacrifice to the prejudices of New England. He was 
 present at the capture of Burgoyne, but without any personal 
 command, and the urbanity of liis manners, and the chivalric 
 magnanimity of his character, smarting as he was under the ex- 
 tent and severity of his pecuniary losses, was attested by Gen. 
 Burgoyne himself in his speech in 1778 in the British house of 
 commons. He there declared, that, by his orders, " a very good 
 dwelling-house, exceeding large store-houses, great saw-mills, and 
 other out-buildings, to the value altogether perhaps of 10,000?., 
 belongmg to Gen. Schuyler, at Saratoga, were destroyed by fire, a 
 few days before the surrender." He said further, that one of the 
 first persons he saw after the convention was signed, was General 
 Schuyler; and when expressing to him his regret at the event 
 which had happened to his property, Gen. Schujder desired him 
 "to think no more of it, and that the occasion justified it accord- 
 ing to the principles and rules of war. He did more," said Bur- 
 goyne ; " he sent an aid-de-camp to conduct me to Albany, in order, 
 as he expressed it, to procure better quarters than a stranger 
 might be able to find. That gentleman conducted me to a very 
 elegant house, and, to my great surprise, presented me to Mrs. 
 Schuyler and her family. In that house I remained dming my 
 whole stay in Albany, with a table with more than twenty covers 
 for me and my Mends, and every other possible demonstration of 
 hospitality." He had been elected to congress in 1777, and he 
 was reelected in each of three following years. On his return to 
 congress, after the termination of his military life, his talents, ex- 
 perience and energy were put in immediate requisition. In 1781 
 
W-'^;^ 
 
 ABRAHAM VAX YECHTEN. 
 
 Nat. 1T62 ; Ob. 1837. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 61 
 
 The talents and character of Abraham Van 
 Vechtcii/ arc still fresh in the memory of tho 
 
 he was in the senate of this state. In 1789 he was elected to a 
 seat in the first senate of the United States ; and when his term 
 of service expired in congress, he was replaced in the senate of 
 this state. In 1793 he was very active in digesting and bringing 
 to maturitj'- that early and great measure of state i)oUcy, the es- 
 tablishment of companies for inland lock navigation. He was 
 placed at the head of the direction of both of the navigation com- 
 panies, and his mind was ardently directed for years towards the 
 execution of those Mberal plans of internal improvement. In 
 1796 he urged in his place in the senate, and afterwards published 
 in a pamphlet form, his plan for the improvement of the revenue 
 of this state ; and in 1797 his plan was almost literally adopted, 
 and to that we owe the institution of the office of com^itroller. 
 In 1797 he was unanimously elected by the two houses of our 
 legislature, a senator in congress ; and he took leave of the senate 
 of this state in a liberal and affecting address, which was inserted 
 at large upon their journals. But the life of this great man was 
 drawing to a close. His faculties seemed to retain their unim- 
 paired vigor and untiring activity, though he had evidently lost 
 some of his constitutional ardor of temperament and vehemence of 
 feeling. He was sobered by age, chastened by affliction, broken 
 by disease ; and yet nothing could surpass the interest excited by 
 the mild radiance of the evening of his days. — James Kent. 
 
 1 Abraham Van Vechten died 6th Jan., 1837. He was bom 
 at Catskill, 5th Dec, 1763; was married 34th May, 1784, to Cath- 
 arine, daughter of Philip P. Schuyler and Anna Wendell. He 
 received his elementary education at a public school in Esopus, 
 now Kingston, and entered upon the scenes of active life soon 
 after the revolutionary war. He pursued his professional studies 
 under the dhx'Ction of the late Chancellor Lansing, and began 
 the practice of law in the county of Montgomery, but was soon 
 invited to occupy a more extensive field in the city of Albany. 
 The high places at the bar were then filled by a gifled race of ad- 
 vocates, among whom were Hamilton, Harrison, Jones, Burr and 
 Livingston. But the brilliancy of the bar could not cast young 
 
62 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 livino-. He was one of the ablest members of 
 tlie Albany bar, when that bar was studded with 
 eminent names. 
 
 Van Vechten in the shade. He soon ranked among his illus- 
 trious seniors as an equal and a competitor for the highest pro- 
 fessional eminence. Untiring in his efforts, the powers of his 
 highly gifted mind were continually developed and expanded. 
 His intellect was formed to grapple with the most abstruse and 
 difficult subjects of judicial investigation; and he early inured 
 himself to the most intense application of mental industry. In 
 acuteness and the ready comprehension of any subject presented 
 for his investigation, he had few equals. And nature seemed to 
 have furnished him with powers eminently adapted to the illus- 
 tration of legal principles. He made no display of legal lore, his 
 learning seemed to be incorporated with his thoughts. What he 
 had once read was well digested and remained ever ready for ap- 
 plication. A large portion of his life was spent in the discussion 
 of legal questions in our highest tribunals of law and equity ; 
 there he was always listened to with profound attention by our 
 most eminent judges. His arguments were calculated to elucidate 
 and instruct, and greatly to aid the tribunals to which they were 
 addressed in forming correct conclusions. His style was re- 
 markable for puritj% perspicuity and strength. His train of 
 thought was always logical and correct. In his manner he was 
 usufilly calm and unimpassioned, yet earnest and forcible. His 
 talents Avere too conspicuous to allow him to confine his eflForts 
 to the bar. He was repeatedly chosen to represent his fellow 
 citizens in both branches of the legislature. The senate chamber 
 was the theatre of some of his highest intellectual efforts. As a 
 member of the court for the correction of errors he has left be- 
 hind him enduring monuments of his legal wisdom. For a num- 
 ber of years lie filled the office of attorney general with distin- 
 guished ability. At an early period of his life a seat on the bench 
 of the supreme court was offered to him by Gov. Jay ; a similar 
 offer was made to him at a later period. He declined these prof- 
 fered honors, preferring the labors of the bar as more congenial 
 to his habits and his feelings. The causes in our books of re- 
 
Recollections of Albany. 63 
 
 Chancellor Lansing,* though not possessed of 
 
 sliining talents, was nevertheless a man of good 
 
 ports in which he took a part as counsel, numerous as they are, 
 give but a faint idea of tlie amount of professional labor per- 
 formed by him. For more than half a century his brilliant mind 
 was constantly shedding its light over the jurisprudence of the 
 state. The bar had long delighted to accord to him tlie highest 
 honors they could bestow. To the younger members of the pro- 
 fession he had greatly endeared himself by his kindness and 
 courteous manners ; and by all he was venerated as an illustrious 
 model of professional excellence. In his daily consultations 
 with his clients he was emphatically a peace maker. It was his 
 constant habit to advise to the settlement of disputes whenever 
 it was practicable. He allowed no sordid motives to influence 
 his advice, or to bias his mind in giving his opinions. 
 
 He was recorder of the city of Albany from 1797 to 1808; state 
 senator from 1798 to 1805, and from 1816 to 1820; member of 
 assemblj" from 1805 to 1815; attorney general of the state for the 
 year 1810, and was again appointed in 1813, and served two j-ears; 
 and was a meml)er of the constitutional convention of 1821. 
 
 His character as a citizen in the private walks of life atForded a 
 model of excellence. He constantly displayed in his intercourse 
 with his neighbors and acquaintances the most amiable social 
 qualities which adorn the human heart. To his other traits of 
 character was added one which is justly deemed of far the most 
 importance ; he was a sincere believer in the Sa^^or of the world 
 and a venerated member of the Dutch Reformed Church. In 
 her judicatories liis paternal counsels were listened to with re- 
 verence, as eminently calculated to promote the peace and pros- 
 perity of the church. His disinterestedness was a prominent 
 feature in his character and was the foundation of that unboimded 
 confidence which was reposed in him by all who knew him. In 
 his domestic circle he was remarkable for kindness and affection- 
 ate attention to the feelings and wants of those who were depend- 
 ent upon him. 
 
 iJoiiN L.vxsiNG Jr. disappeared on the 12th December, 1829, in 
 the city of Xew York, and was never more heard of. He went out 
 from the City Hotel in the evening, which was stormy, it is 
 
64 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 abilities and of strict integrity. His brother, Abra- 
 ham G.,^ was a man of sound sense and vigorous 
 tone of mind; rough, and somewhat abrupt in his 
 manner, but upright, frank and fearless, in conduct 
 and in character. 
 
 supposed to deposit a letter in the box wMcli was provided in the 
 river steam-boats, for the accommodation of letters too late for the 
 mail, and is supposed to have been drowued. His age was 76. 
 No event had caused a deeper sensation in the city since the death 
 of De Witt Clinton. At an early period of his life he entered the 
 office of Robert Yates, afterwards chief justice, as a clerk in the 
 study of the law. He afterwards became a member of the mili- 
 tary family of Gen Philip Schuyler, and during the revolutionary 
 war was a distinguished member of the state convention that 
 conducted the civil and military operations of the state. He soon 
 after was appointed mayor of the city, and in 1787 was, with Chief 
 Justice Yates and General Hamilton, delegated by the state as a 
 member of the convention which formed the constitution of the 
 United States. It is well known what part those gentlemen took 
 in the discussions connected with that subject. Chief Justice 
 Yates and Chancellor Lansing withdrew from the convention, 
 and were known as anti-federaUsts. They opposed the adoption 
 of the constitution principally because it did not more . effectually 
 Bccure the rights of the individual states ; and to those men and 
 their copatriots we are indebted for the ten amended articles 
 which were subsequently made a part of that constitution. On 
 his return he was made a judge of the supreme court, chief justice 
 and finally chancellor of the state. His residence was on the 
 north-west corner of Broadway and Steuben street. For a more 
 extended sketch of him see Street's Council of Bevision, 159-64. 
 
 ^Abraham G. Lansing died in Sept., 1834, aged 77. He was 
 an active supporter of the American revolution, and held several 
 important offices during that struggle ; at the close of the war he 
 received appointments to various responsible offices, state and 
 national, all of which he discharged creditably. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 65 
 
 Old Judge Yatcs,^ one of the iiiciiihers of the con- 
 vention that framed the constitution, was a clear- 
 headed, strong-minded man; straight forward, 
 honest and patriotic. His son, John Van Ness 
 Yates,^ was a man of talents, l)oth natural and 
 acquired. He was equal to the duties of any sta- 
 tion, and to the difficulties of any task. He was a 
 wit, a poet, a belles-lettres scholar, and a boon com- 
 panion, whose joke was ever ready, and whose 
 laugh was contagious. He wanted nothing but 
 industry and self-respect, to have made him emi- 
 nent as a lawyer. His associations were beneath 
 
 1 Ror.EUT Yates, a man of great intellectual power, was born 
 in Schenectady, 27th Jan., 1738; in 1777 he was appointed one 
 ^j^^^^^ of the first justices of the supreme 
 court of the state, and in 1790 l)ecame 
 chief justice. His house stood on the 
 ^ site of 106 State street, and was after 
 his death occupied by his son John 
 Van Ness Yates. After tlie death of 
 the latter it was converted to divers 
 uses, until 26th June, 1855, when it 
 was demolished, for the erection of the 
 l)resont structure. In 1765 ^Mr. Yates 
 married .lane Van :N(ss; he died 9th September, 1801. For an 
 extended biography of him see Street's Council of lie nsion, 168-72. 
 
 MounVan Ness Yates died 10th Jan., 1838, aged 60. lie 
 held various civil and military offices, and was secretary of state 
 in 1824. In 1807 a quota of 12,000 men was required to be raised 
 to prevent British aggression ; he commanded a company of 
 light infantry, which unanimously tendered their services to the 
 president, and signified to him by letter their immediate readiness 
 for actual service. 
 
 9 
 
66 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 him, not only in point of talent, but in character; 
 yet they aiFected his interests rather than his princi- 
 ples. He possessed the readiest apprehension, and 
 the most retentive memory, of any man I ever knew. 
 All that he had ever read, and he had read a vast 
 deal, was at his fingers ends. He was often con- 
 sulted by the younger members of the bar, while 
 walking in the streets; and, without a moment's 
 hesitation, would take out his pencil and write down 
 what was the law in the case, and where it was to 
 be found — volume, chapter and verse. From these 
 fi-equent street consultations, he was called The 
 Walking Library. 
 
 But the cleverest man of the name or family, 
 was John W. Yates. ^ He was a man of education, 
 of talents, of natural eloquence, and of extensive 
 reading. He was the best classical scholar in the 
 city — Judge Kent not excepted. He was familiar 
 with the Greek, Latin and French languages and 
 literature; a mathematician, and a passionate lover 
 of the belles-lettres. He was bred to the law but 
 
 ^ John "W. Yates, cashier of the New York State Bank died 
 28th March, 1828, aged 58. He received a liberal education, 
 having been graduated at Columbia College in 1787. Although 
 educated for the bar, he became a clerk in the Bank of Albany, 
 where he continued until the incorporation of the New York 
 State Bank, when he received the appointment of its first cashier. 
 He held the office twenty-four years, and sustained the character 
 of a man of integrity and of business talents. 
 
Recollections of Albany. G7 
 
 uever attempted to practice ; yet, I repeat, he was 
 naturally eloqueut, and, in his buoyant moments, 
 one of the most lively and agreeable men in con- 
 versation that I ever met with. 
 
 Such a man, it is natural to suppose, made a 
 figure in his day : no such thing ; he made no 
 figure at all. He was not appreciated by the 
 public, because the public knew nothing of him. 
 He was not known even to his friends, for the very 
 good and sufficient reason that his friends knew 
 nothing of Greek or Latin, of mathematics or of 
 poetry. It was curious to find him reading Homer 
 with a pipe in his mouth ; and to see him turn 
 from the page of Thucydides, to talk Dutch. Yet 
 this alternation between the languages of Athens 
 and Amsterdam, was in some measure unavoida- 
 ble ; for many of his old friends, and indeed most 
 of the old families, continued to speak, in their 
 domestic circles, the language of their ancestors 
 long after the period to which these sketches refer. 
 
 Though no man set a higher value upon literary 
 acquirements than himself, yet he took no pains 
 to exhibit, much less to profit by those he pos- 
 sessed. Political distinction] he never sought, and 
 never desired. He had no taste for popular parade, 
 no love for public display. He was in fact better 
 acquainted with Pericles and Xeuophon than he 
 
68 Kecollections of Albany. 
 
 was with tlie alderman of the ward in which he 
 lived. His knowledge of ancient history was more 
 perfect than that of any other man I ever knew, 
 nor was that of modern Europe less familiar. 
 History, poetry and philosophy; Egypt and Asia, 
 Athens and Rome, with all their classic supersti- 
 tions and diviner arts, were the subjects of many 
 an evening conversation, to which I listened with 
 delight. 
 
 To this faint sketch of his literary character, I 
 may add, that no man possessed a higher sense of 
 honor, or was governed in his conduct by purer 
 principles. His talents and his tastes were, indeed, 
 altogether above the position in which he was 
 placed ; and hence, instead of giving him celebrity, 
 they served but to render him, in some measure, 
 nnsuited to the station he held. But never will 
 that station, or that official rank, be again honored 
 with so much learning, combined with so much 
 talent. 
 
 Let it not be supposed that this is a mere fancy 
 sketch, " writ for the sake of writing it." It is a 
 tribute justly due to the memory of a man whose 
 merits were unappreciated, and comparatively 
 unknown. It is a tribute which I owe to the 
 recollection of his partiality and kindness ; to the 
 memory of many a friendly lecture — many a social 
 — many a pleasant hour. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 00 
 
 Of the public men of Albany, office holders, 
 politicians and jurists, it may be expected that I 
 should say something. Among the most promi- 
 nent were George Clinton,^ John Taylor,^ Ambrose 
 Spencer,^ James Kent,^ Chancellor Lansing,' Abra- 
 
 1 Geouge Clintox, first governor of the state of New York, 
 and vice-president of the United States, was the youngest son of 
 Col. Charles Clinton. He died 20th April, 1812, aged 72. 
 
 2 JouN Tayler was born in New York, 4th July, 1742, and at 
 the age of 17 removed to Albany. In the last two years of the 
 French war he was with the army at Lake George and Oswego 
 as a trader, and at the latter place acquired the Indian language. 
 He continued in this employment until 1771, when he settled on 
 a small farm at Stillwater, where he resided two years, and re- 
 turned to Albany. He engaged in trade, and early in the revo- 
 lution was entrusted by Gen. Schuyler with an important ser- 
 vice in Canada. He was subsequently elected a member of the 
 provincial congress and state convention. In 1777-79, '80, '81, 
 '86, '87, he was in the assembly, and in 1802 and 1804-14 in the 
 senate. Upon the death of Lieut. Gov. Broome, he was chosen 
 president of the senate, Jan., 1811 ; and from 1814 to 1822 he 
 held the office of lieutenant governor by election ; and from Feb. 
 24 to July, 1817, he acted as governor in place of Gov. Tompkins, 
 elected to the vice-presidency. In 1802 he was elected a regent 
 of the university, and in 1814 became chancellor of the board. 
 He died at his residence in Albany, lOtli ;March, 1829. His house 
 was the site of the present Cooper's Building. His portrait hangs 
 in the New York State Bank at Albany, of which he was the first 
 president. See Street's Council of Remion, 147. 
 
 3 Ambrose Spencer died 13th March, 1848, aged 82. He was 
 attorney general in 1802, and judge of the supreme court in 1819. 
 AUhough a Federalist at first, he early joined the Kepublicans, 
 and was the warm friend of De Witt Clinton, two of whose sisters 
 he married for his second and third wives. His residence was in 
 "Wasliington street, since occupied by his son John C. 
 
 * James Kent died in New York, 12th Dec, 1847, aged 84. 
 ^ John Lansing Jr., ante, p. 63. 
 
70 Kecollections of Albany. 
 
 bam Van Vechten/ John V. Henry,^ Jolin Wood- 
 worth,^ Thos. Tillotson,^ Abraham G-. Lausimg,^ 
 EHsha Jenkins,^ Edmond Charles]Genet/ and last, 
 
 1 Abraham Van Vechte??, ante, p. 61. 
 
 2 John V. Henry fell iu the street and died of apoplexy, 32d 
 Oct., 1829, aged 64. 
 
 * John Woodworth died 1st June, 1858, aged 90. See Beminis- 
 cences of Troy, 2d ed., p.'Sl. 
 
 * Thomas TiLLOXSON^^was secretary of state from 1801 to 1807; 
 he came from Redhook, Dutchess county, and returned thither. 
 He was also member of assembly in 1788, and state senator from 
 1791 to 1799. 
 
 ^Elisha Jenkins. — This gentleman was the most distinguished 
 member of the once numerous and wealthy family whose name is 
 inseparably connected with the early history of the city of Hud- 
 son. Though liberally educated, his turn of mind led him to 
 mercantile rather than to professional pursuits : and he became a 
 leading partner in the well known house of Thomas Jenkins & 
 Sons. Retiring from business with a competent fortune, he took 
 an active part in the political contest that brought Mr. Jefferson 
 into power. Shortly after that event, he removed from Hudson 
 to Albany, where he received the appointment of comptroller, 
 and subsequently that of secretary of state. He was a man of 
 excellent sense and sound judgment: and carried with [Jiim into 
 public life, amenity of manners, strict integritj^, and business 
 habits. He was an accomplished merchant, an ^upright and in- 
 telligent public officer, a liberal minded politician, and a perfect 
 gentleman in every walk of life. 
 
 ^ Edmond 0. Genet died at his farm in Greeiibush near Al- 
 bany, 14th July, 1834, aged 71. He arrived in this_,^country in 
 1793, as minister plenipotentiary from France, to reside at 
 Charleston ; but having authorized the arming of vessels in that 
 port against nations with whom the nation was at peace, his re- 
 call was demanded by Washington. Yet he continued to reside 
 here during his lifetime, took an interest in agriculture, and the 
 improvement of the navigation of the river below Albany, advo- 
 cating a ship canal, which he followed up with great pertinacity 
 for a number of years, but without success. 
 
SOLOMON SOUTHWICK. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 71 
 
 tliough not least, tlic editor of the Albany Her/istcr^ 
 Solomon Soutliwick ! These are names too well 
 known to require any comment. 3Iaivj of them 
 are identified with the history of the state, and will 
 be chronicled in its pages. 
 
 I cannot in courtesy, however, pass over my old 
 friend Sonthwick,^ without some other notice than 
 that of a mere casual glance of recognition. 
 
 Southwick was a man of genius, with all tlic 
 peculiarities that belong to that temperament — its 
 strength and its weakness, its excellencies and its 
 errors : its delusive dreams and visions, its impro- 
 vidence and its instability. He had great fertility 
 of mind, united with great enthusiasm. This was 
 the source of his eloquence and his power. His 
 writings were rather outpourings than compositions. 
 Yet he imbued them with so much life and anima- 
 tion, that he seldom failed to carry his readers with 
 them. His style, though well adapted to the popu- 
 lar ear, was redundant in epithet, inflated and 
 declamatory, and his language, though often strong 
 and impressive, was yet in the main, loose and 
 
 1 Solomon South^'ick was bom at Newport, R. I., 25tli Dec, 
 1773, and died in Albany, 18th Nov., 1839, aged 66. He came to 
 this city in 1792, and connected himself witli the Albany Rtgister, 
 conducted by Robert Barber, whose sister lie married, and whom 
 he succeeded, as projirietor of the Ref/isier, m 1808. For an ex- 
 tentled biograpliy of him see AnncUs of Albany, V, 104. His widow 
 died 30 Jan., 1861, aged 88. 
 
72 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 inelegant. He read but little, and only from ne- 
 cessity. He referred to books for particular facts, 
 rather than for general information. 
 
 He was, by nature, honest, warm-hearted and 
 generous to a fault, but seemed to have no fixed 
 or settled principles. In ethics, as well as in 
 politics, he traveled from pole to pole. Yet the 
 kindness of his nature went with him and never 
 forsook him. His heart and his hand were always 
 open ; and as he was credulous to excess, and 
 even superstitious, he was, as a matter of course, 
 swindled by every knave, and duped by every 
 impostor he met with upon the road. 
 
 He was extremely fluent and even eloquent in 
 conversation. But he had little knowledge of the 
 world, and the predominance of interest or of 
 passion, left his judgment too often at fault. He 
 had the finest eye and forehead that ever belonged 
 to mortal man, but every feature of his face was 
 either indifferent or defective. His countenance, 
 therefore, was an index to the character of his 
 mind — incongruous, mixed, and full of contra- 
 dictions. 
 
 The Albany Register,^ which he so long and 
 ably edited, was pronounced, by Judge Spencer, 
 
 ^The Albany BegisierwnshGgww in 1788, by the Republicans, tlic 
 Albany Gazette having become identified with the Federal party. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 73 
 
 to be the " Political Bible of the Western District." 
 A greater compliment was certainly never paid 
 to the conductor of a political journal. 
 
 Mr Southwick held, at different periods, the 
 office of state printer, clerk of the house of as- 
 sembly, sheriff of the county of Albany, president 
 of the Mechanics and Farmers' Bank, and post- 
 master of the city. Even in the cloudy days of 
 his latter years, when friends, fame and fortune 
 had forsaken him, when every objectionable act 
 of his life was spread upon the record, and all his 
 faults and weaknesses blazoned to the public eye ; 
 even then he received over thirty thousand votes 
 for governor of the state. 
 
 For a long time both parties had used the cokimns of the latter 
 paper, the editors refraining from any political writing of their 
 own, and when the proceedings of political meetings were too vo- 
 luminous for the small sheet then printed, the surplus matter was 
 issued in handbills, or broadsides. Robert Barber, who had been 
 an apprentice in the Gazette office, purchased his remaining time, 
 and was placed at the head of the Register. John Barber, the 
 brother of Robert, was a teacher, and his assistance was called 
 into the concern. Robert died in 1808, and John in 1812. Mr. 
 Southwick came into the establishment in 1792, and soon took a 
 prominent position in it. He wielded a great power during nearly 
 a quarter of a century ; but it was announced in the Register of 
 13th May, 1817, that it was determined to stop its publication, 
 not for want of subscribers, he says, but on account of their delin- 
 quency. His subscribers ai'e supposed to have been universally 
 acquainted with the story related by Rabelais, of one Phillipot 
 Plact, who though brisk and hale, fell dead as he was paying an 
 old debt, which doubtless deterred them from paying theirs, fear- 
 ing a like accident. 
 
 10 
 
74 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 Of the clergy of those days, if I am wise, I shall 
 say but little : first, because I recollect but little ; 
 and secondly, because with me, the subject is 
 not a debatable one. One's opinions, unless 
 moulded early, are often formed by accident, or 
 spring up as the result of circumstances. It has 
 often occurred to me as not a little singular, that 
 my attention should have been turned to the 
 unkindred subjects of politics and religion, at 
 about the same period of time. The noise and 
 triumph of Mr. Jefferson's election to the presi- 
 dency, led me to look a little into the mysterious 
 philosophy of party politics ; and the preaching 
 of Dr. Kott,i carried me, 7iolens volens, into the 
 Presbyterian brick church of South-pearl street.^ 
 Thus I acquired, at nearly one and the same time, 
 a decided inclination to church and state ; or, in 
 
 ^ Of all the persons mentioned in these reminiscences, it is be- 
 lieved Dr. Nott is the only snrvivor. He was born in Ashford, 
 Conn., 25th June, 1773. 
 
 2 This is the oldest church edifice in the city, having been 
 erected in 1796, and is now occupied by the Congregationalists, 
 under Dr. Palmer. There were not at this time more than seven 
 or eight church edifices. Two of these were Dutch Reformed, 
 one Lutheran, one Episcopal, one Presbyterian, one German Re- 
 formed, which may at this time have been occupied by the Se- 
 ceders, and one Catholic. These are mentioned in the order of 
 seniority. There was also a society of Scotch Presbyterians, 
 and of Methodists ; the traveler Rochefaucault-Liancourt says 
 the latter had a society here in 1794 ; whether they had a church 
 or worshipped in private houses does not appear. 
 
FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 Now Congregational. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 75 
 
 otber Avords, a marked taste for politics and 
 preaching. No one certainly, could have studied 
 under abler masters ; and for many of the opinions 
 I entertain to this day, I hold those masters 
 responsible. 
 
 But the only names belonging to the church, of 
 which my memory took cognizance, at the period 
 referred to, or of which I have au}^ distinct recol- 
 lection, are those of Nott, Romaine and Bradford.^ 
 
 Mr. Bradford was a well educated — well read — 
 and gentlemanly man. He was, moreover, one 
 of the handsomest men in the city, which in the 
 minds or fancies of the fairer part of his congre- 
 gation, added no doubt to his eloquence, and of 
 course to his usefulness in the church. Mr. Ro- 
 maine was an able man, of a denunciatory and 
 vehement style .of oratory — altogether too Calvin- 
 istic to suit the taste of his hearers. But it must 
 be remembered that, 
 
 ^ John jVIelancthox Bradford was born in Daubiiry, Conn., 
 15tli May, 1781, and was ordained and installed pastor of the Re- 
 formed Protestant Dutch Church in Albany, 11th Aug., 1805. He 
 ■was called by resolution of an extraordinary meeting of the great 
 consistory, imder a salary of $1,500. He was to be required to 
 preach but once on each sabbath, during the first year, and his 
 salary was to be increased $250 in the event of his marriage. He 
 continued in the pastoral charge about fifteen years, commanding 
 large audiences, and ranking among the distinguished pulpit ora- 
 tors of the day. He died 25th March, 1826, aged 45. 
 
76 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 " No rogue that e'er felt the halter draw, 
 With good opinion of the law." 
 
 Doctor E'ott, I should say, was neither a Cal- 
 vinist nor a Lutheran. In other words he was 
 no bigoted sectarian ; and in this respect, he bore, 
 and still bears I think, but little resemblance to 
 many of his clerical brethren. In mind, as well 
 as in manner, he stood alone. The narrow dogmas, 
 and common place oratory of the church, were 
 beneath him. His ambition was to make men 
 wiser and better, rather than to promote the sec- 
 tarian interests and speculative tenets of the 
 church. The eloquent enforcement of that single 
 injunction " to do unto others as you would have 
 others do unto you," would to an unsophisticated 
 mind be of more efficacy than a dozen dry dis- 
 courses wpon evidence, which no novice requires, or 
 upon those knotty points in theology, which no 
 intellect can comprehend. But it is not my 
 business to preach, nor am I disposed to criticise 
 the preaching of others. All I mean to say is, 
 that Doctor Kott was by far the most eloquent and 
 eflective preacher of the period to which I refer ; 
 that he drew together the largest congregation — 
 made the deepest impression, and commanded the 
 profouudest respect. 
 
Klinlel Lv -Yir.rf: 
 
 liirtyAJljH 
 
 mmw. 'mn.iiW'i^iMMT M(o)ir^.c iouo). luiu^. 
 
Eecollections of Albany. 77 
 
 His church was filled to overflowing. Ilis ap- 
 pearance in the pulpit, his style of eloquence, hie 
 very look, 
 
 " Drew aiulicncc and attention still as night, 
 Or summer's noontide air " 
 
 His elocution was admirable, and his manner alto- 
 gether better, because more impressive, than that 
 of any other preacher of the day : yet he could not, 
 I think, have been over twenty-eight or thirty years 
 of age when I first heard him, which was in 1803. 
 Shortly afterwards I had the pleasure of becoming 
 personally acquainted with him, and soon found he 
 possessed powers and qualities of which his congre- 
 gation little dreamed. His talents were by no means 
 confined to pulpit eloquence, nor even to the 
 wider range of clerical duties. His information 
 extended to almost every department of life; and 
 with the whole fabric of human society he was per- 
 fectly familiar. He understood the animal maUy 
 not only in the abstract, but in all the detail of 
 action, passion and propensity. He was, moreover, 
 a mechanist, a political economist, a philosopher, 
 and what is of more consequence in any walk of life, 
 a man of keen observation and sound sense. But 
 he is still living, and too widely known, to require 
 any portraiture from my pen. 
 
78 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 BATTLE m STATE STREET. 
 Among otlier incidents and events, falling within 
 the range of these reminiscenes, was the famous 
 2)((ssage of arms, that took place between an eminent 
 citizen and a distinguished general,^ in one of the 
 principal streets of the city, in open day. It was 
 a perilous, hand to hand encounter, that brought 
 together, at least, one half of the male population 
 of the town — not as spectators merely, but as com- 
 batants, who, like the knights of old, entered the 
 lists with an alacrity and a spirit that Would have 
 
 iJoHN Tatler aud Solomon Vaj^ Eensselaer, This af- 
 fray took place 21st April, 1807, a few clays before the general 
 election. It grew out of the hostility engendered among the 
 leaders of the two great parties, the Federalists and Kepublicans, 
 by the publication of incendiary resolutions in the public news- 
 papers and in handbills, which became lurid with patriotic 
 emotion, as the day of election appropinquated. The pungent 
 resolutions of the Republicans at their meeting whereat Mr. Elisha 
 Jenkins was secretary, sat heavily upon the brain-pans of the 
 Federalists, and pricked on Gen. Solomon Van Eensselaer to test 
 the efficacy of personal chastisement. Accordinglj^ as appears by 
 the testimony of witnesses, he overtook Mr. Jenkins walking 
 leisurely down State street, and felled him with his cane. In the 
 afternoon of the same day, as he was perambulating the same 
 street, he was accosted by Gov. Tajder unent the unprovoked 
 assault of the morning. The parties immediately squared oif for 
 an encounter, and a multitude at once surrounded them. As 
 they were very nearly in front of Gov. Tayler's house. Dr. Charles 
 D. Cooper came to the assistance of his father-in-law, and at- 
 tempted to separate the combatants ; Mrs. Cooper also entering 
 the melee for the same purpose. Francis Bloodgood, another 
 relation by marriage, approached Gen. Van Rensselaer from be- 
 
Recollections of Albany. 79 
 
 done honor to the heroes of chivalry, when chivaliy 
 was in its prime, and knighthood in its glory. The 
 full breadth of State street, from Pearl down to the 
 intersection of Court and Market, was literally 
 filled with the combatants ; while the doors, porches, 
 windows, and even the house-tops on both sides, 
 were crowded with astonished and terrified specta- 
 tors. The street, viewed from any elevated posi- 
 tion, resembled a tumultuous sea of heads, over 
 which clattered a forest of canes ; the vast body 
 now surging this way, now that, as the tide of com- 
 bat ebbed or flowed. It was, certainly, one of the 
 
 hind, and struck him down with a cane. Here the combatants 
 were separated, Gen. Van Rensselaer being veiy seriously 
 woimded. A trial of both cases of assault and battery ensued, on 
 the 16th, 17th and 18th August, 1808, before Simeon De Witt, 
 James Kane, and John Van Schaick, arbitrators. The following 
 awards were given, with costs against the defendants in each 
 case: 
 
 Jenkins against Van Rensselaer, $3,500. 
 
 Van Rensselaer against Tayler, 300. 
 
 Van Rensselaer against Cooper, 500. 
 
 Van Rensselaer against Bloodgood, 3,700. 
 
 The trial was published in a pamphlet, where the cuiious reader 
 may find the whole testimony ehcited, and the arguments at 
 length of the eminent counsel, six in number ; consisting of Abra- 
 ham Van Vechten, Elisha Williams and John Woodworth, for 
 Gen. Van Rensselaer ; and Thomas R. Gold, Ebenezer Foote and 
 John Champlin, for Messrs. Jenkins, Tayler, Cooper and Blood- 
 good. Gov. Tayler was then sixty-live years of age, and Gen. 
 Van Rensselaer in the prime of life. The excitement of political 
 strife never before nor since drew men of their character and 
 standing into such an extraordinary coUision in the streets ot 
 Albany. 
 
80 Eecollections of Albany. 
 
 most classic or Grreek-like battles that had been 
 fought since the wars of Ilium, and the heroic days 
 of Hector and Achilles. But as it respects the 
 origin of the war, the names of the combatants 
 and the details of the fight, are they not written in 
 the book of the kings of Judah and Israel ! If not, 
 they may, perhaps, be found in the chronicles of 
 the lives of the illustrious fathers of the city. Cer- 
 tain it is that the battle has already been described; 
 and the record, like the Iliad, will be found imper- 
 ishable ! 
 
 It is a little curious, when we consider what 
 Albany now is, to look back and recollect, that 
 so late as 1803, there was but one public house in 
 the city ; or, at least, but one in any respect better 
 than a common signpost tavern, such as no gentle- 
 man of the present day would put his foot in : but 
 that one was an excellent one. I allude to the 
 Tontine Coffee House in State street, kept by Mr. 
 Gregory:^ a house distinguished from all other 
 public houses of that day, by the quiet order that 
 
 1 Matthkw Gregory was bom in a part of Norwalk, Conn., 
 now Wilton, 21st August, 1757. His father was Ezra Gregory, 
 who was born in the same place in 1736, and his grandfather Dea- 
 con Matthew Gregory, born 1680, beyond whom the family cannot 
 be traced. The house occupied by the latter is supposed to have 
 been erected about 1650, and was succeeded by the present Gregory 
 
Recollections of Albany. 81 
 
 reigned throngli all its departments; by its perfect 
 neatness, and the total absence of a bar. The higher 
 rates of fore charged at the Tontine, and the fact 
 
 House in 1750, ■svhicli is still in excellent repair. It was built 
 about two hundred feet from the site of the first house by Deacon 
 MatthcM- Gregoiy who died in it in May, 1777, aged 97. His arm 
 chair is still prcsei-ved. His sons were Matthew and Ezra, the lat- 
 ter born 21st May, 1726, married 20th Jan., 1751, and died at the 
 Gregory House (where he lived, and where all his children were 
 born) at a time of life not much past his prime. He had seven sons 
 and two daughters, most of whom lived to an advanced age. The 
 third son was ISIatthew, the subject of this sketch. The youngest 
 daughter, Mrs. Betts, is stiU living at Meadville, Penn., aged 95. 
 The fourth son was Moses, who occupied the homestead till his 
 death, 23d May, 1837, aged 75 — a homestead which has known 
 six generations, whose lives reach back through a period of one 
 hundred and eighty -five years. To this place the members of the 
 family have ever made periodical visits, especially on the feast days 
 of Connecticut. The neat old mansion, the old door with its glass- 
 eyed windows, the trees with their heavy and luxuriant foliage, 
 are there as in other days — but the sound of familiar footsteps 
 and voices are no more — the Gregorj' House has but a single occu- 
 pant. Mr. Gregory entered the army a month after the war was 
 declared, at the age of 17. He received the warrant of serjeant 
 in the 8th Connecticut regiment. Col. John Chandler, 1st Jul}', 
 1777 ; 19th Nov., 1778, was promoted to serjeant-niajor, and 20th 
 April, 1779, was commissioned an ensign by congress. He was at 
 the battles of White Plains, Monmouth, and perhaps at Trenton. 
 He shared the hardships of the forlorn hope at Valley Forge dur- 
 ing the terrible winter of 1777-78. In the latter years of his life 
 he frequently reverted to the hardships he endured there, " sleeping 
 on hoop poles, having only salt meat, and but little of it, and getting 
 the scurvy." He participated in the capture of CornwaUis, which 
 was a theme his enthusiasm kindled upon to the latest period of 
 his life. It was also one of the proud events of his soldier life, 
 that while he was with the army during one winter at West Point, 
 he dined three times with General Washington. On the 10th 
 February, 1783, he was commissioned by congress first lieutenant 
 11 
 
82 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 that no liquors were sold except to its own boarders, 
 nor ever seen except at table, excluded the low and 
 thirsty^ and left it, as it were, by a law of its nature, 
 
 in the Connecticut line. He was in the service seven years and 
 eiglit months, lacking but one month of the whole period of the 
 war. On the termination of the war Lieut. Gregory returned to 
 his native town. In 1789 he became a member of the Cincinnati, 
 his diploma of membership bearing the signature of Washington. 
 About 1791 he removed to Waterford, Sar. Co., N. Y., where he 
 kept a small inn, at which Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Madison were 
 severally his guests. He came to Albany in 1803, and took charge 
 of the Tontine, which was a distinguished institution of the city. 
 His education had been mostly gained in the army. In business 
 he was prompt, attentive, industrious and careful ; his manners 
 dignified, but cold. He was a man of great neatness, exact in his 
 dress, having always the appearance and manner of a gentleman, 
 and wore the style of dress incident to the fashion of the latter part 
 of the last century, as late as 1816. Mr. Gregoiy became the pro- 
 prietor of the Eagle Tavern, on the corner of Court and Hamilton 
 streets it is thought as early as 1806. It was conduct ed on the same 
 general plan as the Tontine had been, and was almost equally distin- 
 guished. It was a great place of resort during the war with Great 
 Britain. Having acquired a fortune, Mr. Gregory retired from 
 business in 1814, at the age of 57, and purchased the property 
 known as Congress Hall, in one of the residences of which he 
 1 ived nearly thirty -five years. From this time his life and surround- 
 ings were that of a gentleman of leisure. He was one of the 
 committee appointed to meet Gen. La Fayette and escort him to 
 the city in 1834 ; and it was in his parlor that the general held one 
 of his receptions. Mr. Gregory moved in a life that was as regular 
 as the succession of the seasons. He annually made a visit to the 
 place of his birth, and as there were no rail roads in those days, he 
 usually went with carriage, driver, daughter and grand-children. 
 At the age of eighty-seven he was still erect, active, sprightly, 
 fashionably dressed, but his thoughts never moved out of a pre- 
 scribed circle, nor did his life deviate from certain fixed habits. 
 He rose early and went to the barber's before breakfast. His 
 ambition was to get there before Dr. Peter Wendell. However 
 
'^\ 
 
 
 d 
 
Recollections oe Albany. 83 
 
 open to good company alone. I need not say that 
 it was well tilled : it was, at least half the year, 
 reduntantly full. All travelers of any note or con- 
 cold, slippeiy or stormy, it was indispensable to go to the barber's 
 
 and walk a mile before breakfast. And although he merely -went 
 around the block, he seemed mentally to enjoy his full mile. If 
 he rode it was always at eleven ; and if accompanied by guests, his 
 direction was invariably Cohoes and Waterford, and he arrived 
 home to dine at three. He had a habit of going to thereof to ex- 
 amine the gutters, and could not be persuaded that it was unsafe for 
 a man of his years to venture in such places. He insisted that he liad 
 never fiillcn there in all his life ; and although his friends expected 
 that he would come tumbling down, it seemed to be no part of 
 his plan. At 12 o'clock noon, he took gin and water with a cracker, 
 and drank wine with his dinner. In the evening he dosed in his 
 chair, or walked the floor. He would persist that he never slept 
 in the day time, although he might have just waked from a clever 
 slumber in his chair. He uniformly retired when the clock struck 
 ten, and if the young people wished to get him to bed earlier, it 
 could only be done by setting the clock forward. He as persist- 
 ently declared that he had not been angry in thirty years, although 
 an attempt to correct him on this point led to a demonstration 
 of the fallacy of his memoiy. He attended church as method- 
 ically and exactly as he did everything else. During the sessions 
 of the legislature he went frequently to the senate, and was always 
 honored with a seat within the bar. He attended with great regu- 
 larity the meetings of the board of directors of the Bank of Albany, 
 of which he was long a member. He attended to his own busi- 
 ness exclusivel)' to the close of his life, and never extended any 
 confidence in relation to his finances. 3Ir. Gregorv was apiiroach- 
 ing the close of his ninety-first year when his vigor suddenly Avaned, 
 and he expired on the 4th of June, 1848. A full length portrait of 
 him hangs in the Orphan asylum, an institution which he befriended 
 in his will. He had two children, both of whom he survived. 
 His son never married. His daughter was the wife of Dr. Joel 
 A. Wing; she died in 1837. His grandson, Matthew Gregory 
 Wing, was graduated at Yale in 1847, resided several years in 
 Europe, and died at Santa Fe, New Mexico, 5th July, 1860, aged 
 34. 
 
84 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 sequence ; all foreigners of distinction ; in one word 
 all gejiilemen put up at the Tontine.^ For a period 
 of some ten or twelve years, Mr. Gregory had no 
 competition, no rival house to contend with; and 
 
 ^In July, 1792, a meeting of citizens was held for the puri^ose 
 of organizing a company for the purpose of erecting a commodi- 
 ous public house. The plan of a constitution was drawn up, 
 under which the company was to take the name of the Albany 
 Hotel-Tontine Company, the capital of which was fixed at 
 $15,000, divided into 1,000 shares. The price of the lot was fixed 
 at $3,000; the cost of the building, at $10,000 ; outhouses, $1,000 ; 
 furniture, $1,000. The plan was thought to be " a happy inven- 
 tion to secure an advantageous property to children who may 
 arrive to years of discretion." Individuals were entreated by the 
 Gazette not to monopolize more than ten shares ! This scheme 
 seems to have failed at this time, but was resumed a few years 
 later, and resulted in the erection of the building, now numbered 
 51 and 53 State street. It seems to have been completed in 1798, 
 and first occupied by Ananias Piatt, who had previously kept a 
 public house in Lansingburgh, and was the pioneer of the stage 
 proprietors between Albany, Troy and Lansingburgh. In May, 
 1801, it came into the hands of Mr. Gregory, who issued the 
 following advertisement : 
 
 " Tontim Coffee House. — Mat. Gregory, from the village of 
 Waterford, has taken the Tontine Coffee House, State street, in 
 the city of Albany. He has also provided himself with a large 
 yard, stable, &c., for horses and carriages, for convenience of the 
 gentleman traveler. The house has been kept for three years 
 past by Mr. Ananias Piatt, and will be open and ready to wait 
 on those who may be pleased to call on him, the 15th inst. Every 
 attention in his line of business shall be strictly attended to, by 
 the public's humble servant. j\Iat. Gregory." 
 
 This house is alluded to by Mr. John Lambert, an English tra- 
 veler, who visited Albany in 1807, who speaks also of the dietetic 
 customs of the day. " We had excellent accommodations at 
 Gregory's, which is equal to many of our hotels in London. It 
 is the custom in all the American taverns, from the highest to the 
 
Recollections of Albany. 85 
 
 was therefore compelled, I do not say reluctajitli/, to 
 make a fortune ! 
 
 Manners, 'tis said, change with customs ; and 
 customs, we all know, change sometimes for the 
 worse. I have seen something of public houses 
 
 lowest, to have a sort of Uible cVhote, or public table, at which the 
 inmates of the house and travelers dine together at a certain 
 hour. It is also frequented by many single gentlemen belonging 
 to the town. At Gregory's upwards of thirty sat down to dinner, 
 though there were not more than a dozen who resided in the 
 house. A stranger is thus soon introduced to an acquaintance 
 with the people, and if he is traveling alone he will find at these 
 tables some relief from the ennui of his situation. At the better 
 sort of American taverns or hotels, very excellent dinners are 
 provided, consisting of almost every thing in season. The hour 
 is from two to three o'clock, and there are three meals in the day. 
 They breakfast at eight o'clock upon rump steaks, fish, eggs, and 
 a variety of cakes, with tea or coflfee. The last meal is at seven 
 in the evening, and consists of as substantial fare as the breakfast, 
 with the addition of cold fowl, ham, &c. The price of boarding 
 at these houses is from a dollar and a half to two dollars per day. 
 Brandy, Hollands, and other spirits, arc allowed at dinner ; but 
 every other liquor is paid for extra. English breakfasts and teas, 
 generally speaking, are meagre repasts compared with those of 
 America ; and as far as I had an opportunity of observing, the 
 people live, with respect to eating, in a much more luxurious 
 manner than we do, particularly in the great towns and their 
 neighborhoods. But their meals, I think, arc composed of too 
 great a variety, and of too manj- things, to be conducive to health ; 
 and I have little doubt but that many of their diseases are engen- 
 dered by gross diet, and the use of animal food at every meal. 
 Many private families live nearly in the same style as at these 
 houses, and have as great variety upon their tables. Formerly, 
 pies, puddings, and cider used to grace the breakfast table : but 
 they are now discarded from the genteeler houses, and are found 
 only at the small taverns and farm houses in the country." 
 
86 Kecollections of Albany. 
 
 and hotels since Mr. Gregory's day, and am 
 forced to acknowledge, that on the score of 
 gentlemanly habits, politeness, and courtesy 
 among their guests, and in reference also to the 
 civility of their keepers and waiters, the present 
 bears no comparison with the past. The inmates 
 of the best hotels of the present day, are as 
 varied in their aspects, habits and character, 
 as were the motley herd that took lodgings in 
 the ark ; while of their keepers and waiters, the 
 best that can be said, is, that they are in keeping 
 with the character of their company. An oc- 
 casional exception does but strengthen the rule. 
 
 It was at the Tontine that I became acquainted 
 with many of the leading politicians and dis- 
 tinguished men of the state. It was there I first 
 saw De Witt Clinton, Alexander Hamilton, Aaron 
 Burr, Doctor Mason, Morgan Lewis, Daniel D. 
 Tompkins, John Armstrong, Chancellor Livings- 
 ton, and many others. It was while there, I had 
 the opportunity and the pleasure of examining, 
 leisurely, and with a critical eye, that lightest 
 twig of the great Corsican tree, Mr. Jerome 
 Buonaparte ; and of observing the fine form, the 
 careless, abandoned air, and soldierly aspect of 
 the celebrated Moreau, the rival at once of 
 Xenophon and Napoleon. The Toutiue was, 
 
Becollections of Albany. 87 
 
 indeed, for several years, my local observatory, 
 from which I watched the transit of the political 
 planets, and noted the restless movements of the 
 wandering stars. It was in fact, the best school- 
 house I ever entered, and the only one, I am 
 sorry to say, in which I ever took much delight. • 
 I cannot resist the temptation (though I know 
 I shall make nothing of it) to relate a ludicrous 
 circumstance which took place at the Tontine, 
 in the summer of 1804. I am well aware that 
 many a good joke has been spoiled, and many a 
 laughable incident rendered grare, by an attenipt 
 to put them on paper. ' Tis useless, said Doctor 
 Johnson, to print Quin's jokes, unless you print 
 his face with them. Nevertheless, I shall venture 
 to relate the circumstance to which I have referred. 
 I shall call it 
 
 THE STORY OF MONSIEUR GARROT. 
 
 Among the many foreigners at the Tontine in 
 the traveling season of 1804, was a French gen- 
 tleman by the name of Garrot, apparently about 
 twenty-five or thirty years of age ; remarkable for 
 the simplicity of his manners, for his taste in music, 
 and for his inability to speak a word of English. 
 His personal appearance was greatly in his favor ; 
 
88 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 being stout, well made, and of a most agreeable 
 countenance. Sitting near him at table, and speak- 
 ing a little French, I soon became acquainted with 
 him. He was as I found a German by birth, born 
 in Frankfort, but a resident of Nantes. He remained 
 several months in the city, was flush of money, and 
 liberal, not to say profuse, in his expenditures. 
 
 His object, if indeed he had any, was to obtain 
 information as to the form and character of our 
 government; the institutions and condition of the 
 country; its extent, population, trade, commerce, 
 agricultural products, arts, manufactures, &c., &c. 
 Of all the travelers I had ever met with, he was 
 the most inquisitive. He asked ten thousand ques- 
 tions about things of which I knew nothing, or 
 next to nothing — questions, some of which would 
 have puzzled Chief Justice Marshall, Mr. Madison, 
 Mr. Clay, or Mr. Anybody Else, save John Quincy 
 Adams, to have answered off-hand. But as I per- 
 ceived he entertained a high opinion of my abilities, 
 I had not the heart, nor was it indeed my business, 
 to undeceive him. I was ashamed to confess igno- 
 rance upon any 'point, and therefore gave him prompt 
 and specific answers to each and every question let 
 it relate to what it might : but the mischief of it 
 was they were all taken for gospel, and immediately 
 noted down in his tablets. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 89 
 
 I conld not but laugh at the idea. It was, perhaps, 
 unfair on my part, but the/c«^^/ was his. To suppose 
 a young man of twenty-two or three, of sufficient 
 authority for the history and statistics of an empire, 
 was absurd. He should have known better. Many 
 a book, however, has been written upon information 
 of an inferior quality to that which I furnished 
 Mons. Garrot, and from a less rational, not to say 
 reliable source. It was through the priests and poets 
 of Egypt and Assyria, that Herodotus obtained the 
 materials for his famous history ; and who thinks 
 the less of his history on that account? The credu- 
 lity and child-like simplicity of the author, together 
 with the traditional and poetical character of its 
 testimony, constitute, in fact, its greatest attractions. 
 
 But Monsieur Garrot, no doubt, congratulated 
 himself upon his good fortune in finding a person 
 so full of information, and so ready to impart it. 
 On the other side, I did the best I could, under 
 the circumstances. I studied day and night to 
 prepare myself for Monsieur Garrot's questions; 
 and if monsieur published his book, I flattered 
 myself that it would be found in the truth of its 
 statements and the accuracy of its details, at least 
 equal to the history of Herodotus, or the travels 
 
 of Basil Hall! 
 
 12 
 
90 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 But this has nothing to do with the circumstance 
 which it was my intention to narrate. It may 
 serve, however, as a preface to the story, which 
 runs thus : 
 
 Monsieur Garrot and myself, after a long walk 
 one Sunday afternoon, returned to the Tontine 
 about six o'clock. The weather was extremely 
 hot ; and as the private parlors below were filled 
 with strangers, I accompanied Mons. Garrot to his 
 own chamber, where, complaining of the heat, 
 he threw ofi' his coat, and, somewhat to my 
 surprise, continued the operation of stripping, 
 until he came to the last article, over which, how- 
 ever, he threw a light silk morning gown — light, 
 indeed, as gossamer; this he tied loosely at the 
 neck, and then sticking his toes into a pair of 
 yellow slippers, began walking backward and 
 forward between the window and door, both of 
 which were thrown open to admit the air. The 
 window looked into the street; the door opened 
 into a wide hall, with dormitories on either side. 
 While thus cooling himself in the breeze, which 
 swept his loose drapery from side to side, he 
 suddenly turned to me and inquired whether I was 
 fond of music. I answered, of course, in the 
 affirmative. When, without further ceremony, 
 he opened a long case filled with musical instru- 
 
Recollections of Albany. 91 
 
 mcnts of various kinds, and asked mc which I 
 preferred. I could hardly believe it possible that 
 he really meant to exercise his musical talents 
 on that day of the week ; but being a little curi- 
 ous, and, I must confess, a little mischievous at 
 the same time, I pointed to the violin, which he 
 immediately took out, and began to twang and 
 tune. The discharge of a twelve pounder in the 
 hall woutd not have set the house in greater 
 commotion. The first scrape of the bow brought 
 half a dozen chambermaids to the door; who 
 catching sight of Monsieur's bare legs, ran down 
 stairs, and reported that there was a Frenchman 
 fiddling in the chambers, stark naked ! By this time, 
 my friend Garrot had got fairly a-going ; and, with 
 his head inclined to one shoulder, and his eye turned 
 upwards, stalked up and down the room, fiddling 
 as if the devil, together with Apollo and the whole 
 nine, were in him. The figure he cut was so ridicu- 
 lous, that I thought 1 should have died in the eflbrt 
 to suppress my laughter. 
 
 In less than five minutes from the time he began, it 
 appeared to me that not less than five hundred heads 
 had passed the door, each one catching something 
 more than a glimpse of Monsieur's fine form. The 
 wind seemed to increase with the music, and the 
 stride of the performer became more lofty and ma- 
 
92 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 jestic. At every turn the morning gown filled and 
 swelled with the breeze — now waving and flapping 
 in the cross current, and now extending out, as it 
 were, upon a taught bowline. The hall was literally 
 crowded with spectators, and the several questions, 
 Who is he ? Where did he come from ? Is he 
 mad ? were whispered in rapid succession. But 
 Mons. Garrot saw nothing but the ceiling of his 
 room — heard nothing but the clarion voice of his 
 own fiddle. 
 
 I was amazed at his abstraction — at his enthusi- 
 asm ; and yet found it difficult to prevent myself 
 from laughing aloud. He fiddled with such force 
 and energy, that his elbow seemed to move like a 
 whipsaw driven by steam. I had no idea that 'twas 
 in the power of a single instrument to produce such 
 a tumult of sounds. 
 
 The Battle of Prague, roared from ten "forty piaz- 
 zas" (as Johnny Robison^ used to call them) would 
 be a mere tinkling, compared with this uproar of 
 Mons. Garrot' s fiddle. I could not but confess, 
 that in variety, force and compass, he surpassed 
 
 ^ John Eobison owned the site now called the Museum Build- 
 ing, comer of State street and Broadway. This store was a two 
 story brick building fronting cornerwise upon the two streets, 
 having a hipped roof. The owner is remembered principally for 
 his jokes. His name appears on the Yi^Xoffvecdoms, as they were 
 termed, admitting a settler to the privileges of citizenship, purchased 
 in 1781, at £3 13«. He died 23d August, 1837, and was buried from 
 
Recollections of Albany. 93 
 
 even my old friend Mr. Giles. This is no light compli- 
 ment. A greater, indeed, could not in sincerity 
 be paid to the most celebrated performer. 
 
 But Mr. Gregory, at length, made his appearance, 
 and as he worked his way through the crowd at the 
 door, I could perceive that he was not only angry 
 but a little frightened. He was about to speak to 
 Mons, Garrot, but monsieur was too much engaged 
 to take the least notice of him; he therefore address- 
 ed himself tome, and said — "For God's sake, Mr. 
 Jones, what is the meaning of all this?" I was so 
 full of laughter that I could not speak, and of 
 course said nothing. He then turned to Mons. Gar- 
 rot, and raised his hand as a sign for him to stop. 
 JS'ow, Mr. Gregory had no more the appearance 
 of an innkeeper than he had of an emperor. It 
 was natural, therefore, that the Frenchman should 
 consider him as an intruder, and order him out 
 of the room; which he did. But it was in French, 
 which he perceived Mr. Gregory did not under- 
 stand. He therefore collected all the English he 
 was master of, and exclaimed, in an offended tone, 
 
 his residence No. 34 Dean street. He owned a garden situated 
 upon the great hill that formerly stood -where the First Presby- 
 terian Church now stands, known as Robison's hill, which the city 
 fathers were for some time puzzled how to dispose of, and one use 
 proposed was to enclose it and erect a monument to Clinton upon 
 it. But it was pulled down, and served to fill a portion of the 
 great pastui-e below Lydius street. 
 
94 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 "Yat you vant?" Mr. Gregory was about to re- 
 ply, when monseiur, waving his hand, cried, "Go 
 vay ! govay!" and thereupon commenced fiddling 
 fiercer than ever. This produced a universal burst 
 of laughter ; and so loud and long was the peal, 
 (in which I was compelled to join), that monsieur 
 paused, and seemed now, for the first time, to be 
 sensible that there was an unusual collection in the 
 hall, and that something was wrong somewhere. 
 
 The scene at this moment was picturesque in the 
 highest degree. There stood Mons. Garrot, in the 
 middle of the room, with his fiddle in his hand ; 
 his pantaloons hanging upon a chair, and his morn- 
 ing gown floating behind him ; looking first at Mr. 
 Gregory, then at me, then at the cluster of heads at 
 the door, utterly at a loss to know what it all meant. 
 There stood Mr. Gregory, too, in his neat drab- 
 colored coat and Sunday inexpressibles, the very 
 impersonation of order, decency and decorum, 
 looking at the brawny, half naked Frenchman, 
 with wonder and surprise. There, too, was the 
 crowd of curious faces^ male and female, peering in 
 at the hall door ; exhibiting every variety of expres- 
 sion, from the most serious to the most comic ; all 
 staring in profound silence, at the Frenchman and 
 his fiddle. It was ridiculous enough; and had it 
 continued a moment longer, it would have been 
 
Recollections of Albany. 95 
 
 discreditable too. At my suggestion Mr. Gregory 
 left the room. I then closed the door, and endea- 
 vored to explain to Mons. Garrot the cause of the 
 collection in the hall, and the motives of the 
 individual who had interrupted him. But I found 
 it difficult to make him comprehend it, for I was 
 not a little puzzled myself to shape the matter in 
 such a way as to render the explanation satisfaeiory^ 
 as well as plausible. At length he seemed to under- 
 stand it; and taking out his tablets, wrote down 
 what I suppose he considered the substance of my 
 explanation, and then handed it to me to read. It 
 ran thus: — "Americans have very little taste for 
 music, and never listen with pleasure to the violin 
 on Sundays, except in church!" 
 
 ' Tis very well, said I, monsieur; ' tis very well. 
 
 Half an hour afterwards, we walked deliberately 
 down stairs, and took our seats at the tea table, as 
 carelessly and as composedly, as if nothing had 
 happened. But I observed, what Mons. Garrot 
 probably did not, that every eye in the room was 
 occasionally turned upon him. Though in one 
 sense the author of the mischief, and certainly the 
 most censurable of the two, yet I received the 
 thanks of Mr. Gregory, for having put an end to 
 the confusion occasioned by the musical taste of 
 Mons. Garrot. 
 
96 Kecollections of Albany. 
 
 In looking back to the period of 1801, nothing 
 impresses itself upon my mind more forcibly, than 
 the degeneracy of the race of great men. "What a 
 difference between the leading politicians of that 
 day and this : between Thomas Jefferson for instance, 
 and John Tyler ! If we continue to go down hill 
 at this rate, where, I would ask, shall we be likely 
 to find ourselves at the end of the next half century ? 
 
 But this is leading us off' the track : let us go 
 back to the Tontine. It is near the breakfast hour, 
 and the city boarders, I perceive, are already drop- 
 ping in. That well-dressed, handsome-faced gentle- 
 man standing upon the stoop, with his hat under 
 his arm and a rattan in his hand, is Mr. James Kane, 
 of whom you have heard me speak so frequently. 
 The tall, spare man, with whom he is conversing, is 
 Mr. Walter Clark,^ a merchant of the city, plain 
 and simple in his character and manner, but polite 
 and gentlemanly. The person that has just joined 
 them, is an exceedingly clever man in his way — a 
 
 ^ Waltek Clark came from Newport, R. I., and was engaged 
 in the grocery business adjoining the Albany Bank building, in 
 what was known as Little-state street. He retired from business 
 in 1828, and resided some years later in Columbia street. He 
 died in Brooklyn, N. Y., 10th Nov. 1841, aged 63, and lies buried 
 with his parents and some other members of his family, in the 
 Bath burial ground. Mr. William Mitchell was for many years 
 his clerk. He was a bachelor. 
 
Eecollections of Albany. 97 
 
 little self-complacent, perhaps, but a gentleman and 
 a wit: tlie latter lie inherited, amoiTg other goods 
 and chattels, from his father, who had a great deal 
 more, by the bye, than he bequeathed to any one. 
 He is, as you perceive, extremely civil and polite ; 
 but it is rather because he deems it due to himself, 
 than to others. His wit, though perfectly good- 
 natured, is not scattered at random. It has its mark 
 and is always intended to tell. But notwithstand- 
 ing this piquancy, and self appreciation, he is a 
 clever companion, particularly over a bottle of good 
 madeira. His fine rosy face shows this. In short, 
 among the gentlemen of the Tontine, Mr. CaldwelP 
 holds no second rank. 
 
 That young man standing in the centre of the 
 group on the left, is a Mr. , somewhat remark- 
 able for his flow of spirits and fluency of speech. 
 He has acquired some reputation in the city, as a 
 business man, and is quite a favorite with Mr. Kane. 
 He is said to be something of a reader too„ and, by 
 the aid of a retentive memory, sustains himself in 
 the midst of a class of young men, much better edu- 
 
 1 WiLLL\M Caldwell was the son of James Calcbvull, an eminent 
 Albany merchant, who died in 1829, aged 83. The son succeeded 
 to his father's business in 1802 in the building now No. 58 State 
 street, where he continued to sell groceries, doing up sugar and 
 tea with his own hands, and retired in 1821, a wealthy bachelor. 
 He resided principally at Caldwell, on Lake George, where he had 
 a large estate, and died in Albany, 1st April, 1848, aged 72. 
 
 13 
 
98 Eecollections of Albany. 
 
 catecl tlian himself. He has a disposition to satire, 
 which he frequently indulges at the expense of 
 others, but without any taint of malignity. In his 
 open and somewhat random mode of talking, he 
 certainly says some things, and tells some truths, 
 which it would be difficalt for any person to utter 
 without giving offence. He has the advantage, too, 
 of being older, if not abler, than he looks ; and, 
 under the guise of a frank and heedless manner, 
 is keenly observant of the conduct and character of 
 those around him. I have no doubt that he has, at 
 this moment, in his portfolio, a full length portrait, 
 not only of many ofhis personal friends and acquaint- 
 ances, but of most of the distinguished men of the 
 state. But he is no scholar and cannot give to his 
 sketches an abiding interest. 
 
 That plain but gentlemanly looking man, now 
 talking with Mr. Kane is Mr. Sedgwick,^ a mem- 
 ber of the bar, and one of the most promising .young 
 men in the city. His character may be read in his 
 countenance : in wliich, I think, you may also read 
 that he is from Massachusetts. He brings with him 
 the advantages of family reputation, character, and 
 
 1 Theodore Sedgwick died at PiUsfield, Mass., of apoplexy, 
 while attending a political meeting, 7tli Nov., 1839, aged GO. He 
 was the eldest son of Judge Sedgwick, a distinguished statesman 
 of Massachusetts, was graduated at Yale college in 1798, and 
 resided in Albany imtil about 1831, when he removed to Stock- 
 bridge, Mass. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 99 
 
 talents; and sustains these antecedents by personal 
 merit, purity of mind and cleverness of manner. 
 He is the professional partner of Mr. Harmauus 
 Bleecker,' a gentleman of sterling merit, and withal 
 the best Dutch scholar in the city. 
 
 By the bye — but let us walk on — it has often 
 occured to me, that next to the good fortune of 
 being born lohite, or, in other words, of not being 
 born a squalid Esquimaux on the frozen coast of 
 Labrador, nor yet a woolly-pated negro, in the burn- 
 ing wilds of Senegambia — next, I repeat, to this 
 good fortune, is that of having been born in a Chris- 
 tian country, and of a good family. ■ He that does 
 not appreciate his escape from the wretched condi- 
 tion of savage life or slavish negroism, and is not 
 impressed with the advantages of Christaiu nativity 
 and family distinction, has no sense of indebtedness 
 to providence, or no feeling of gratitude in him. 
 In using the term good, familg, I have no reference 
 to wealth ; for wealth, as we all know, is not only 
 within the reach, but often in the possession of the 
 meanest of mankind. A good family, in the ordi- 
 nary sense of the phrase, is a family of good cha- 
 racter, distinguished for talent or patriotism, or at 
 
 ^ Harmanus BLeecker was a descendant of the celebrated Jan 
 Jansen Bleecker ; was born 9th Oct., 1779 ; married late in life, 
 while minister at the Hague, Sebastiana Cornelia Mentz, of Hol- 
 land ; he died 19th July, 1849, aged 70. {See Annals of Albany, 1, 276). 
 
100 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 least free from the touch or taint of dishonor. By 
 way of illustration, permit me to say, that had my 
 ancestors, upon either side, been tories of the revo- 
 lution, I should never have ventured to boast of my 
 descent from a good family : on the contrary, I 
 should have considered the toryism as a stain upon 
 the family escutcheon, which it would require the 
 patriotism of at least two generations to wipe out. 
 But this, you will say, is a compound of pride and 
 prejudice. It may be so; but the pride is of that 
 species which has some dignity in it, and the pre- 
 judice is of that family of the plant which is worth 
 cultivating. 
 
 Pride, my dear madam, is a more powerful pas- 
 sion of the mind than ambition itself. The one 
 may lead us to seek the bubble reputation, even in 
 the cannon's mouth; but the other crosses and con- 
 trols the vicious impulses of our nature, steps in 
 between the tempter and the crime, holds back the 
 hand from the forbidden fruit, and balks the devil 
 in his efforts to corrupt us. Though in no degree 
 allied to morality or principle, yet it often operates 
 in conjunction with them, and not uufrequently 
 supplies their totafabsence. It must be remembered 
 that we are not all armed alike ; and in this warfare 
 with evil, it becomes us to make use of such arms 
 as we possess. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 101 
 
 But this is a digression — let us go back to our 
 remiuicencses. 
 
 THE MARQUIS DU BARRAILLE. 
 
 Among other waifs upon the common of life, 
 with which I came in contact in those days, was an 
 old and veritable French marquis, by the name of 
 Du Barraille. He was one of those unfortunate 
 loyalists who were driven into exile by the French 
 revolution. He held the commission and rank of 
 colonel in the king' s guards, and had fled his 
 country with nothing but loyalty in his head and 
 nothing but the order of St. Louis in his pocket. 
 He had wandered through the West India islands? 
 thence through the Canadas, and finally found his 
 way through Lake Champlain and the head waters 
 of the Hudson, down to Albany. By this time, his 
 resources were completely exhausted, every trinket 
 had been put in requisition — his gold snuff box, 
 his diamond ring, even his sword, as he said, had 
 been pledged to the brokers or pawned to the Jews. 
 l^he cross of St. Louis he had received from the 
 hand of his royal master, and therefore could not 
 part with it without dishonor. While in the West 
 Indies, he had, probably with a view to mend his 
 fortunes, married the daughter of a wealthy planter ; 
 but owing to some eruption or revolution, the for- 
 
102 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 tune was lost, and nothing remained on his arrival 
 at Albany, save the aforesaid cross of St. Louis, 
 madame, and two children ! The marquis was an 
 educated, well bred, and gentlemanly man ; familiar 
 with English literature, and spoke the language 
 sufficiently well. Madame could boast of none of 
 these advantages. She was bred upon a plantation, 
 and spoke no language but the Creole. Yet she 
 was a respectable and kind-hearted woman. 
 
 On ascertaining the character and circumstances 
 of the marquis, the young gentlemen of the city 
 came to his rescue. 'Twas evident that his only 
 recourse was to open a school and teach the French 
 language : this they advised ; and to enable him to 
 carry it into execution hired a house, furnished it 
 themselves, put him into it, and some eight or ten 
 of them entered their names as pupils of the mar- 
 quis and boarders at the Hotel Du Barraille. But 
 with the exception of one or two, the study of the 
 French language formed no part of their amuse- 
 ments. The principal object of the move, was to 
 keep the marquis from starving, and in doing which 
 they came pretty near starving themselves ; for the 
 marquis had never been in the commissary depart- 
 ment, and was rather an awkward sort of landlord. 
 They stood it, however, about six months, and then 
 broke up, paid the rent and tuition for the year, 
 
Eecollections op Albany. 103 
 
 and returned to the Tontine, from whence they 
 came, with as little parlevoiis in them as they had 
 when they left it. Those six months, however, 
 were by no means thrown away. They were, in 
 fact, the most memorable in the annals of their 
 lives : never before, were there so many events and 
 circumstances, so much fun and frolic, so much 
 poetry, music and eloquence, crowded into such a 
 narrow space of time. Every language was studied 
 in the school but the French, and every art was 
 practised in the kitchen but the art of cooking. 
 If that which was contemplated was never done, 
 much certainly was done that was never contemplat- 
 ed. But with all their whims and irregularities, 
 the old marquis was proud of his pupils, and fond 
 of their company; though he preferred claret, he had 
 no particular antipathy to a glass of madeira. "We 
 had, of course, the history of the revolution over 
 and over, with anecdotes of distinguished charac- 
 ters, civil and military. But what amused us most, 
 was the gravity with which the old loyalist would 
 talk of the restoration of the Bourbons. He spoke 
 of it as though it was a matter of course, waiting 
 only the destined hour. And all this too, at the 
 very time when Napoleon was master of more 
 than half of Europe ; when thrones, and crowns, and 
 principalities, and powers, were made and unmade 
 by a dash of his pen, or the word of his mouth. 
 
104 Kecollections of Albany. 
 
 "We lauglied in our sleeves at what we considered 
 tlie old man's folly : and the " restoration of the 
 Bourbons," became a jest and a bye word. And 
 yet, "tell it not in Gath," the Bourbons were re- 
 stored, and the old marquis, as he always believed 
 he should, returned to France ? But, before that 
 joyous hour had arrived, his resources were exhaust- 
 ed and his fortunes had fallen to their lowest ebb. 
 The greater part of his scholars had never entered 
 his school room, and had now ceased to pay. The 
 Hotel Du Barraille was of course abandoned, and 
 he rented a small house in a cheap and dirty street 
 in the purlieus of Fox creek.^ 
 
 Thither I followed him. For, amid the fun and 
 frolic of the first six months, I had barely learned 
 to read and translate the language. I now pro- 
 posed to learn, if possible, to speak it : since I was 
 now the only pupil, and the only boarder. The 
 house was a wretched tenement; and the fare, I 
 knew, would be still worse. My bill of board and 
 tuition was his only means of support. But mad- 
 ame was an able economist; and one piece of meat, 
 
 ^ Vossen kil in Dutch ; Foxes creek in English. Always written 
 and spoken in the plural it came to be frequently called Foi-en 
 creek. The vernacular having gone to ruin, the old names were 
 horribly Englished ; and the creek is lost likewise, being completely 
 built over, and scarcely known to this generation, although once 
 a notable stream, abounding with salmon even. Fox street, whose 
 name pointed out its locality, has been changed to Canal street, 
 and all the poetry, ever inspired by its surroundings, is in oblivion 
 buried. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 105 
 
 generally, carried us tlirougli the week. The fare 
 was arranged as follows : On 3Ionday, we had the rib 
 or joint, roasted; Tuesday^ the remains of Monday 
 were served up nearly as good as neAv ; Wednesday, 
 the fragments were converted into a most palatable 
 hash ; Thursday, the hash was warmed over ; Fri- 
 day, the bones furnished a rich soup ; Saturday, the 
 soup was warmed over ; and on Sunday, — I dined 
 out — and the family had, what madame called, a 
 picked up dinner, as she was religiously opposed to 
 cooking much on that day. 
 
 The breakfast, in the natural order of things, 
 should have been mentioned first. It consisted of 
 coffee made of parched peas or oats, stale baker's 
 bread, and one small Scotch herring for each 
 person. The herring was the life and soul of the 
 meal. How often did I wish it had pleased the 
 marchioness or the gods, to have allowed us two 
 instead oione. But each made the most of the one 
 he had. I used to begin at one end of mine (it 
 was immaterial which), and grind it to powder, 
 swallowing every particle, head and tail, bones, fins, 
 gills, and gizzard ! Not one atom was left to tell 
 the story that a herring had ever touched my plate. 
 Ko indigestion followed: no one while boarding 
 with the marquis, was ever troubled with dyspepsy ! 
 
 The tea was a dish of hot water colored with 
 14 
 
106 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 brown sugar, and a crust of. dry bread without 
 butter. Yet I never heard a complaint. On the 
 contrary, I often complimented madame, myself, 
 upon the richness of her coffee, and the line flavor 
 of her tea! JSTever, I believe, since the expulsion 
 of Adam from the Garden of Eden — never, I am 
 certain, since the children of Israel fed upon manna 
 in the wilderness, did a family live at so little ex- 
 pense, and at the same time make so respectable 
 a show. 
 
 The old marquis himself, thoughhis whole ward- 
 robe would not have sold for five shillings, appeared 
 to be dressed in the style of a French nobleman, 
 so well did any thing and every thing become him. 
 Kate, a very pretty American girl not over sixteen 
 years of age, was his cook and laundress, his 
 steward, butler, barber, chambermaid and footman ! 
 A single room, of about twelve by sixteen, served 
 the whole family, myself excepted, for a kitchen, 
 sitting-room, wash-room and bed-room. Yes, in 
 that room of all rooms, in which the washing, cook- 
 ing and dressing was done, slept the marquis, mad- 
 ame, two children, Kate and Csesar ! Caesar, by the 
 bye, was the marquis's dog ; and a more loyal brute 
 never lived. Like the marquis, he had the j^oUiesse, 
 the air and dignity of the ancient regime. The 
 marchioness never dined with the family, except 
 
Kecollections of Albany. 107 
 
 on Sunday, when there was no company, and 
 nothing to eat : but at breakfast and at tea, she 
 made her appearance in a style that would have 
 astonished the mother of mankind. The marquis, 
 too, always came forth, fresh as a bridegroom ; his 
 boots neatly polished, his hair powdered, his coat 
 brushed and buttoned, and his hat under his arm, 
 both (marquis and hat) looking as good as new. 
 Knowing, as I could not but know, the character 
 and condition of the apartment from which they 
 issued, it was difficult to conceive by what means 
 such neatness and elegance of appearance conld be 
 so suddenly produced. On questioning Kate about 
 the matter, she confessed that 'twas the work of her 
 own hands : that she polished the boots with the 
 end of a candle; and that the powder with which 
 she dusted the marquis's head, was nothing but 
 Indian meal ; that she brushed the coat, rubbed the 
 buttons, and fixed the cravat; and then adjusted 
 the ruffles of madame. But enough of this. 
 
 I continued to reside in the family for more than 
 six months, in despite of the unpleasant location, 
 the wretched apartments and meagre fare. The 
 thin oat coft'ee and spare diet, however, were favor- 
 able to the studies I pursued ; and I therefore particu- 
 larly recommend them to those who wish to acquire 
 a just knowledge of human nature, or a correct 
 pronunciation of the French language. 
 
108 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 THE LAST NIGHT. 
 
 I uow present tlie reader with the history of the 
 last night I passed under the roof of the old mar- 
 quis, in this his last place of residence in the city 
 of Albany. 
 
 It was late in the evening before I left the mar- 
 quis's little room below, and retired to my own. I 
 had been listening, as usual, to the tales of the rqto- 
 lution, and the sufferings of the emigrants, and felt 
 no disposition to sleep. The day had been extremely 
 hot, and the air was close and sultry. On opening 
 my window, I perceived that a thunderstorm was 
 gathering in the west, and concluded to sit up till 
 'twas over. In the meantime I amused myself by 
 translating passages from the Henriad, and trying 
 my hand at turning them into English verse. While 
 thus engaged, I was startled by an unusual noise and 
 agitation below. I could distinctly hear the voice 
 of the marquis, and the hasty tread of feet passing 
 from one room to another. I was aware that the 
 youngest child, a boy about four years of age, had 
 been unwell for some time ; but as no idea had 
 been entertained that he was in any immediate 
 danger, I concluded that some accident had hap- 
 pened, or that some disturbance had taken place in 
 
Recollections of Albany. 109 
 
 the street. But in less than a minute came a shriek 
 from the marchioness, accompanied by the terrify- 
 ing exclamation of "Mon Dieu ! Mon Dieu!" I 
 seized the ^ight, and placing it at the head of the 
 stairs, hurried down. The doors were all open ; 
 and on entering the room, I Avas shocked at the 
 spectacle it presented. There was madame with 
 her clothes half torn off" her back — still ravins: and 
 tearing the hair from her head. The old marquis 
 was walking about the room, half distracted, wring- 
 ing his hands, and ejaculating " Mon pauvre Louis ! 
 Mon pauvi-e Louis !" Poor Kate sat by the cradle, 
 crying and sobbing as if her heart would break. I 
 said a few words to the marquis, and endeavored to 
 express my sympathy to madame ; but words were 
 vain, and sympathy, though recognized, was unavail- 
 ing. I walked fearfully to the cradle. It was too true : 
 all was over ; the child had breathed its last. Its 
 look was awful. It lay almost entirely naked, with 
 its eyes unclosed. After gazing upon it for a few 
 moments, I turned to leave the room, for the scene 
 was too painful to bear. At that moment there 
 came a flash of lightning, followed by a clap of 
 thunder, which shook the house to its very founda- 
 tion. Kate turned pale. The words "Mon Dieu !" 
 were repeated in a fearful tone by more than one 
 voice. Even old Csesar crawled out from under 
 
110 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 tlie table, and seating himself upon his hind legs 
 pointed his nose up into the air, and gave one of the 
 most prolonged and mournful howls that I had ever 
 heard. It was with the greatest difficulty that 
 I could keep my nerves steady. I would have 
 given a kingdom, if I had one, to have been ten 
 miles off'. I, however, left the room slowly, and had 
 but just regained my chamber, when a large cat, 
 with eyes as big as saucers, poked her head into the 
 room, and looking me wildly in the face, gave one 
 of the most infernal yowls that was ever heard by 
 mortal ears ! "Where the devil she came from, 
 nobody knew. This brought old Csesar out again, 
 and another howl was set up : another flash of 
 lightning, and another peal of thunder followed, 
 Father Abraham ! said I. But my imagination was 
 getting wild. I began to look upon it as the last 
 night, or as the foreshadowing type of the last day ! 
 Gradually, however, the Heavens became more quiet, 
 and the sounds of woe less and less audible. At 
 length the morning broke : the sun came forth in 
 the east ; and the world was again radiant with light, 
 and life, and beauty. 
 
 I gave Kate some necessary instructions, and 
 leaving the house buried in profound repose, walked 
 deliberately down to the Tontine : not exactly, 
 however, in that mood of mind in which Adam 
 
Recollections of Albany. Ill 
 
 left the gates of paradise ; nor with the lingering 
 step and backward look with which Lot's wife left 
 the rich city that adorned the fruitfnl plain of the 
 Pentapolis, but with the returning buoyancy of one 
 whose spirits had been depressed by a gloomy tem- 
 pest and a night of horrors. 
 
 A few years afterwards I received a letter from 
 the old marquis, dated in Paris. But his long cher- 
 ished dream of restoration to rank, friends and 
 fortune, was never realized. The revolution had 
 engulphed all but the memory of the past, and he 
 literally found himself a stranger in the land of his 
 birth. 
 
 Some people seem to imagine that all mankind 
 are alike. They see no difference, — and by way of 
 proof that there is none, they will tell you that every 
 individual of the species (unless he has lived in 
 Mississippi) has two eyes : and unless he has been 
 in the wars, or on a rail road, has two arms and two 
 legs. Beyond these fixtures and appendages they 
 neverlook, never inquire. They note no discrepan- 
 cies, no peculiarities, no quips of the imagination, 
 no crotchets of the mind ; and they actually go 
 through life without ever seeing any thing remarka- 
 ble. 
 
 Others again, though fewer in number, are for- 
 
112 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 ever on tlie lookout for novelties and diversities, — 
 for the odd, the eccentric, the ludicrous ; and are 
 singularly successful in discovering singular forms 
 and combinations — peculiar habits, looks, actions 
 and traits of character. With them, no two things 
 under heaven are alike — no two men bear any 
 resemblance to each other, or to any body else. 
 
 To which of these two classes the writer of these 
 reminiscences belongs, I leave to the reader to de- 
 cide. 
 
 OLD MR. BANYAR. 
 
 Among other curious subjects that attracted my 
 attention during the early part of my residence in 
 Albany, was a blind old man led about the streets 
 by his colored servant. It was Goldsborough Ban- 
 yar, a most intelligent, wealthy and respectable old 
 gentleman. He was the most perfect t^-pe of the 
 Anglo-American then living. He was the last of a 
 race, or class of men, now totally extinct — a race, 
 born in England, grown rich in America, proud of 
 their birth, and prouder of their fortune. 
 
 He had been a secretary of state under the colo- 
 nial government, and at the breaking out of the war 
 of the revolution, very naturally, and the prospect 
 considered, very wisely, took sides (but not arms") 
 with the mother country. He was a royalist in feel- 
 ing, and doubtless in principle — the feeling, it is 
 
Eecollections of Albany. 113 
 
 believed, underwent no change; the principle, in the 
 course of time, became temperately, and I may add, 
 judiciously, modified by his interests. He had, while 
 in his office of secretary, obtained from the crown 
 many large and valuable tracts of land. These 
 lands were the sources of his w^ealth. "With the 
 eye of intelligence, sharpened by the pecuharity of 
 his position, he watched the course of events, and 
 like a skilful pilot, steered between the extremes. 
 He wisely kept a friend in either port, and had 
 always an anchor out to windward. In short, he 
 preserved his character from reproach, on the other 
 side of the water, and his lands from confiscation on this. 
 His mind kept pace with the intelligence of the age. 
 He became an American when America became tri- 
 umphant, — thought better of republicanism as it 
 approximated to power; and finally, without abat- 
 ing one jot of his love for the land of his birth, 
 came quietly into our political arena under the 
 banner of Mr. JeflEerson ! In all this he acted, as 
 we think, wisely and prudently. He was no Ameri- 
 can at the commencement of the war, but an English- 
 man, born and bred, with the badges of office and 
 of confidence still in his possession. Yet he took 
 no part — gave no aid, and but little comfort to the 
 enemy, for when secretly applied to for advice, he 
 sent b}' the messenger a basket of fruit — and when 
 15 
 
114 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 for mformation, the return was a basket of eggs ! 
 He was therefore, no tory, but merely a judicious 
 politician : in which character, if he acquired no 
 fame, he at least preserved his reputation and his 
 jproijerty, and merited the thanks of those remem- 
 bered in his will. 
 
 He must have been somewhere about three score 
 and ten years of age when I fi^'st saw him in the 
 streets of Albany. He was a short, stout built man, 
 English alike in form, in character, and in aspect : 
 and at the period to which I refer, infirm, gouty, and 
 and nearly blind ; but still sound in mind and ven- 
 erable in appearance. The colored servant by 
 whom he was led, was no unimportant personage. 
 He was his man Friday — his man Peter — his all 
 in all — for without his aid locomotion was impossi- 
 ble. What was not a little remarkable, was the 
 fact, that Peter resembled his master in almost every 
 particular, save his gout and his blindness. He was 
 of the same height and make, as well dressed, nearly 
 as old, and quite as grey. He was, moreover, as 
 independent, as important and as irritable. At a 
 little distance, it was indeed difficult to tell which 
 was master and which was man. 
 
 Kothing could be more amusing than their con- 
 versation and disputes when moving together, arm 
 in arm, down Pearl street and across State, toLewis's 
 
Recollections of Albany. 115 
 
 taveru/ — a haunt, to wliicli tliey resorted daily, 
 ■whenever the weather would permit. It was indeed 
 the haunt of a good many other distinguished indi- 
 viduals of those days. All the quid nuncs, news 
 mongers, segar smokers, and back-gammon players, 
 together with a long list of worthies, who were con- 
 stitutionally thirsty between twelve and one o'clock, 
 made Lewis's their head quarters. Could the old 
 gentleman have seen all the company there assem- 
 bled, listened to their language, and witnessed their 
 libations at the bar, he would probably have relished 
 their society something less than he did. 
 
 But, be that as it may — in his frequent peregri- 
 nations to and from that celebrated tavern, it was 
 my special pleasure (boy like) to throw myself a few 
 paces in his rear, and listen to the dialogue that 
 was sure to take place between him and his man 
 Peter. It was generally in a pretty sharp tone of 
 voice, and almost always upon a disputacious key. 
 In crossing State street one day, on their return 
 from Lewis's, it commenced thus: — Peter, said the 
 old man, you're leading me into the mud. There's 
 no mud here, says Peter. But I say there is, re- 
 torted the old man iiercely. I say there aint, said 
 
 1 Lewis's tavern was at this time either the corner of Washing- 
 ton, now South-pearl and State street, on the present site of 78 
 State street. Eobert Lewis died June 17th, 1798, aged 73, and was 
 succeeded by his son Stewart Lewis. 
 
116 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 Peter. D — n it, sir, said the old man, giving his 
 arm a twitch and coming to a full halt, don't you 
 suppose I know the nature of the ground on which I 
 stand ? No, says Peter, don't spose you know any 
 such thing ; you ony stept one foot off the stones, 
 that's all. Well, well, come along then ; what do 
 you keep me standing here in the street for? I 
 don't keep you, said Peter; you keep yourself. 
 Well, well, come along, said the old man, and let 
 me know when I come to the gutter. You are in the 
 gutter now, said Peter. The devil I am ! said the 
 old man ; then pausing a moment, he added, in a 
 sort of moralizing tone, there's a worse gutter than 
 this to cross, I can tell you, Peter. If there be, said 
 Peter, I should like to know where 'tis ; I have seen 
 continued Peter, every gutter in town, from the ferry 
 stairs to the Patroon's, and there aint a worse one 
 among 'em all. But the gutter I mean, said the 
 old gentleman in a lower tone, is one which you 
 cross in a boat, Peter. 'Tis strange, said Peter, that 
 I should never have found it out ; — now, lift your 
 foot higher, or 3^ou'll hit the curb 8k»ne, — cross a 
 gutter in a boat! ejaculated Peter, 'tis nonsense. 
 'Tis so written down, said the old man. Written 
 down, said Peter ; the newspapers may write what 
 they please, but I don't believe a word on't. I'm 
 thinking said the old man, they put too much 
 
Recollections of Albany. 117 
 
 brandy in their toddy there at Lewis's. I thonght 
 so too, said Peter, when you were getting off the 
 steps at the door; and since you've mentioned that 
 boat, I'm sure of it. What is that you say ? said the 
 old man, coming to a halt again, and squaring him-' 
 self round ; you thought so, did you ? what right 
 had you to think any thing about it ? I tell you, 
 Peter, you"^are a fool ! 
 
 The attitude and appearance of the parties at 
 this moment was so whimsical — in fact, so ridicu- 
 lous, that I could not restrain mj^self from laughing 
 aloud. "WTio is that? said the old man, taking 
 quietly hold of Peter's arm again. Don't know 
 him, said Peter ; spose he's one of the new comers. 
 Ifew comers ! said the old man, repeating the phrase. 
 Is he old or young, Peter ? Young, said Peter. 
 Then I forgive him, said the old man ; and after a 
 short pause, added, in a lower tone of voice. May 
 he never knoio the misfortune of hlindess or the gout. 
 li^everinthe course of my life did I feel so ashamed 
 of myself as at that moment. A blow from a 
 cane could not have hurt me half as much. My 
 first thought was to walk directly up to him, take 
 him by the hand and make him an ample apology. 
 But to entertain a just sense of what we ouffht to 
 do, is one thing — to do it, quite another. In the 
 present case, I was apprehensive that my apology 
 
118 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 might not be accepted ; besides, it was not at his 
 infirmities I laughed, but at the singular oddity of 
 the scene. I imagined, moreover, that Jeremiah 
 himself, had he been present, would have laughed 
 at the ridiculous dialogue and still more ridicu- 
 lous attitudes of the parties. 
 
 It is impossible, I think, to reflect one moment 
 upon the position which Mr. Banyar ^ occupied dur- 
 ing the war of the revolution, and the manner in 
 which he sustained himself in it, without conced- 
 ing to him a thorough knowledge of the world, 
 great sagacity and great address. It is said by those 
 who knew him personally, that his manners were 
 those of a gentleman, and that he possessed no 
 ordinary share of talent and of wit. 
 
 Among other curious things that attracted my 
 attention in the ancient city of Albany, just prior 
 
 1 GoLDSBOEOUGH Banyak died4tli Nov., 1815, aged 91. He was 
 born in England, but came to this country in early life, where he 
 ever after resided. For many years prior to the revolution, he 
 was deputy-secretary of the province, and as the secretary was 
 absent, the important and laborious duties of that office were per- 
 formed by Mr. Banyar in a manner highly honorable to his talents 
 and integrity, and very advantageous to the province. Through 
 his very long life he was considered a man of strict and unimpeach- 
 able integrity, punctual and faithful in the discharge of his public 
 duties, and virtuous and amiable in the private relations of life — 
 respected by his numerous acquaintance, and affectionately esteem- 
 ed and beloved by his fiunily and friends. His funeral took place 
 at St. Peter's church, when a sermon was preached by the Rev. 
 Timothy Clowes. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 119 
 
 to the extinction of the Dutch dynasty, was the 
 disproportionate number of old people. Pearl street 
 in particular, was lined with these remnants of the 
 olden days. The population of the city was evi- 
 dently undergoing a tliorough revolution. One 
 whole generation — nay, one icliole race, — was then 
 on the very eve of passing away, while another, 
 of an entirely different character and aspect was 
 coming in. But~the most attractive pictures to my 
 eye, were the aged members of the retiring race. 
 Could Solomon have paid a visit to Albany in 
 1803 or 4, he would have acknowledged (notwith- 
 standing his former assertion to the contrary), that 
 there were many things " new under the sun." He 
 would, I think, have found something to admire 
 as new and original, even in the antique though un- 
 classic model of 
 
 OLD MR. LYDIUS.^ 
 This old gentleman, if tradition maybe relied on, 
 was something of a lion in his day. He was unusu- 
 ally tall, raw-boned, and of a most forbidding aspect 
 
 ' Balthazar Lydius, familiarly known as Bait Lydius, was a veiy 
 eccentric man. He died 17th Nov., 1815, aged 78, and was the last 
 male descendant of his famil^y. His tombstone is seen in the Episco- 
 pal burying-ground. His house is said to have been imported 
 from Holland, bricks, wood-work, tiles, and ornamented irons, 
 with which it was profuscty adorned, expresslj'^ for the use 
 of the Rev. Gideon Schaets, who came over in 1652. It is said 
 
120 Recollectioxs of Albany. 
 
 — singular in his habits, and eccentric in his char- 
 acter — but independent, honest, and gruff as abear. 
 He occupied, at the commencement fo the present 
 centurj^ the old, and somewhat mysterious looking 
 mansion, then standing at the south-east corner of 
 IsTorth-pearl and State street : and was, of course, next 
 door neighbor, in an easterl}^ line, to the old elm tree. 
 The house exhibited in its style and order the taste if 
 not the pride of its proprietor. Its position admitted 
 of two front gables, and two front gables it had ; thus 
 rivaling, if not excelling in architectural dignity, 
 the celebrated mansion of the Van der Heyden 
 family.^ One front rested on Pearl, the other on 
 State. Each had its full complement of outside 
 decorative adjuncts — namely, long spouts from the 
 eaves, little benches at the door, iron figures on the 
 wall, and a rooster on the gable head. How the 
 inside was contrived, nobody knew. The only inha- 
 bitants, or at least the only ones that my curiosity 
 
 that tlie materials arrived simnltaneoiisly with the pulpit and the 
 old church bell, m 1657. It was supposed to have been the oldest 
 brick building in North America at the time it was demolished in 
 1833, to make room for the present Apothecary's Hall. But there 
 is also another version which attributes the building of the house 
 rfo the Rev. John Lydius, the ancestor of Balthazar, who came over 
 in 1703 ; and that only the timbers which came from Holland and 
 were too short for the church, were used in the construction of 
 this house. 
 
 ^ A genealogy of this family may be found in the second edition 
 of Woodworth's Beminiscences of Troy, pp. 71-74. 
 
a o 
 
 5J <? 'T^ 
 
Recollections of Albany. 121 
 
 could ever discover, were the dark and indomitable 
 proprietor, and an old, immutilated, pale-faced, 
 melancholy looking cat. Nor were these visible to 
 any human eye except at particular hours, or under 
 peculiar circumstances. 
 
 At the dusky hour of eve, or in the misty grey ot 
 the morning, the head, or what was taken to be the 
 head, of the old man, was sometimes seen peering 
 out of tlie narrow window in the southern front ; 
 while the low, complaining voice of the other inha- 
 bitant (when darkness covered the land) might be 
 distinctly heard from the turret of the western 
 wing. No door was ever seen to be open^ — no 
 twinkling light gave sign of life within. Eyen in 
 the daytime, its dreary aspect conjured up the idea 
 of trap-doors and dungeons. At night I never 
 passed it without quickening my pace and looking 
 sharply about me. Yet from the tax gatherer I 
 learned that Mr. Lydius was a man of property ; 
 and the corporation, as a testimonial of his virtues, 
 caused his name to be painted on a little board and 
 fastened up at the corner of a street in the southern 
 
 1 The Pearl street door is said to have been used only for the 
 egress of the dead. The orgies of a Dutch funeral are fast reced- 
 ing from the memory of the living. Few remain who have wit- 
 nessed them. Tlie records of the church show the expenses of 
 the funerals of the church paupers two hundred years ago, in rum, 
 beer, tobacco, pipes, &c. Videlicit Munsell's HisU/rical Collections 
 of Albany, i, 40. 
 
 16 
 
122 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 eection of the city."^ It is not improbable that his 
 shade is at this moment wandering along the sea- 
 resounding dikes in the land of his ancestors — the 
 once proud and heroic Holland ! 
 
 THE VISIT. 
 
 Nothing could have been more appropriate than 
 the Christian name given to these reminiscences, 
 since it authorizes the writer to go backward or 
 forward, up or down, to the right or left, whichever 
 way the capriciousness of memory may incline. It 
 relieves him, moreover, from the necessity of observ- 
 ing the chronological order of events, or of paying 
 indeed any sort of regard to time, other than to 
 keep within the -limits prescribed — namely — the 
 first eight years of the nineteenth century. 
 
 Passing down North-pearl street, the next day 
 after my arrival in the city, in company with my 
 
 1 The street was named in honor of Rev. John Lyclius, who 
 preached here from 1700 to 1709. It was the camp ground of the 
 British armies in the French and Indian wars. The ancient 
 church pasture, which came into the possession of the Dutch 
 church in 1668, was laid out into lots in 1791, and sold by 
 aixction. The streets were named after the domines or ministers 
 of that church. Beginning with Lydius steeet on the north, then 
 Westerlo, Bassett, NuccUa and Johnson, running parallel with 
 it. Among those running north and soutli were Dellius (pronounced 
 Dallius, and now so written), from Rev. Godfrey Dell, who came 
 over in 1683 ; Frelinghuysen, now Franklin, and Van Schee. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 123 
 
 friend, Col. Elisha Jenkins (with whom I had heen 
 examining the topography, antiquities and archi- 
 tectural curiosities of the town), he proposed to call 
 and see an old friend of his, whose name I have 
 forgotten, hut whose residence I remember w^as on 
 the left hand side, two or three blocks from State 
 street. It was to my eye at least, a queer looking 
 mansion. It had all the venerable marks of age, 
 and many of the emblems of Amsterdam stamped 
 upon its face. On entering we were conducted by 
 a colored female servant through a long, dark and 
 narrow hall, into a dimly lighted room in the rear. 
 The host struck me as somewhat typical of the 
 mansion. He was an aged gentleman, with the 
 fashions of other days sufficiently apparent in his 
 dress and address. He was seated in a huge arm 
 chair, with a red worsted cap on his head, a long, 
 loose gown or robe, coming down to his ancles, 
 silver buckles in his shoes, and one foot swathed in 
 flannel resting upon a stool. 
 
 Though frank and courteous in his manner, there 
 was yet an air of consequential dignity about him, 
 and a tone of authority in his voice, which would 
 have suited the character of Henry Yin. He 
 would indeed have furnished an excellent subject 
 for the pencil of Hans Holbein. The furred robe, 
 the buckles and the red cap, would have made a 
 figure in one of Hans's pictures. 
 
124 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 There were several gentlemen in the room at the 
 time of our entrance, and one or two more dropped 
 in afterwards. The principal subject of conversation 
 was politics, and I soon perceived they were all 
 thorough going Jeffersonians. The recent triumph 
 of their party had put them in high spirits. But 
 I was particularly struck with the tone and manner 
 of the old gentleman. I had never before witnessed 
 so much freedom and hilarity tempered with so 
 much courtesy. Being a mere lad at the time, I 
 had, of course, remained silent. The old gentleman 
 perceiving this turned to me and said, well my young 
 friend, which side are you ? I answered that I was 
 not much of a politician, but had made up my mind 
 to go with the majority. Ah ha, said he, older 
 heads than yours have wisely made up their miuds 
 to pursue the same course. This I thought rather 
 a hit at my friend Col. Jenkins, who had but recently 
 joined the dominant party. The old man now turned 
 to a tall, quiet sort of personage, who had taken 
 no part in the conversation, and said in a loud but 
 familiar tone, Peter, Peter, we are becoming rather 
 dry, make us, I pray you, something to drink, Peter. 
 Peter retired, and in a few minutes returned with a 
 glass pitcher (or rather a sort of two quart tumbler 
 with a handle to it), filled to the brim, which he 
 handed to the old gentleman first, who had no 
 
Recollections of Albany. 125 
 
 sooner taken a swallow of it than lie called out, Ah, 
 Peter, Peter, you have made this 'pretty well to the 
 norths I can tell you ; but hand it round Peter, hand 
 it round ; and round it went, each one taking a 
 hearty pull at it. "When it came to my turn, it did 
 not pass untasted, for I was curious to know what 
 it was made of; so I took a tiff by way of gaining 
 knowledge, as Eve took the apple. I found it a sort 
 of spiced and sugared grog, or what I believe the 
 learned in such matters'would call rum toddy. 
 
 This was the first time I had ever seen a company 
 of gentlemen drink out of the same cup. It was the 
 first time, too, that I had ever heard the phrase of 
 "too far to the north " used as a substitute for the 
 words too strong. 
 
 But I was in a new latitude, and almost every 
 thing I heard or saw, was new to me. The old 
 house, the dark and narrow hall, the singular appear- 
 ance of the aged host, the red cap and silver buckles, 
 the two quart tumbler, and even the grog itself, was 
 new to me. 
 
 The whole scene was many years afterwards 
 brought freshly to my mind by reading Halleck's 
 song in praise of the beer and the bucktails of 
 Tammany Hall. 
 
 I shall certainly be excused for inserting, as a fit- 
 
126 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 ting close to this article, one stanza of that memorable 
 jeu d' esprit. 
 
 " That beer and those Bucktails I'll never forget, 
 But oft when alone and unnoticed by all, 
 I think, is the porter cask foaming there yet ? 
 Are the Bucktails still swigging at Tanamany Hall?" 
 
 FRENCH POLITENESS. 
 
 In the course of one of our evening conversations 
 the old marquis remarked that the English, as a 
 nation, had no just notions of politeness : andthis 
 he attributed to the all-pervading influence of the 
 mercantile and trading character of the people. 
 The Americans, he said, though more civil than the 
 English, imitated or adopted their forms and ceremo- 
 nies. In France no gentleman addressed another 
 with his hat on, whether in-doors or out. In 
 America, as in England, you touch the hat, instead of 
 uncovering, as true politeness dictates. This, said he, 
 is never seen in France, except in the army, and 
 even there the practice is confined to subalterns. 
 But in cold and stormy weather, said I, inquiringly. 
 'Tis all the same, continued the marquis, politeness 
 is a code by which we regulate our conduct, and has 
 nothing to do with the weather. It takes no lessons 
 from convenience. It cannot be chauofed or modi- 
 fied by any external circumstance. 'Tis very well, 
 said I to myself, we shall see how the thing will 
 
Recollections of Albany. 127 
 
 work. I shall avail myself of tlie first opportunity 
 to test the theory of this polite code by reducing it 
 to practice. 
 
 Not long after, in passing down State street in 
 the midst of a violent snow storm, I saw at some 
 distance ahead, the tall form of the old marquis, 
 slowly approaching in a zig-zag line, — the snow 
 driving so furiously in his face as to oblige him 
 every now and then to tack and veer a little from 
 his direct course, to enable him to take breath. 
 Kow, said I, is the time, and this the fitting occasion, 
 to test the virtue of that polite code, of which the 
 old gentleman was so recently speaking. Accord- 
 ingly, before we came within ten yards of each 
 other, I pulled oif my hat with an air of politeness 
 seldom witnessed in northern latitudes. The old 
 marquis recognized the signal, and doffed his beaver 
 at the same moment. As we, met, we came, of course 
 to a full stop — both uncovered, as the code of polite- 
 ness dictated. Fortunately, neither of us had an 
 umbrella — and the total absence of any sort of pro- 
 tection against the elements, rendered our courtesy 
 more conspicuous. In our salutations and greet- 
 ings, we went deliberately through all the forms — 
 shaking hands with the utmost politeness and 
 cordiality, bowing right and left at the same time, 
 with many very sincere assurances of pleasure at 
 
128 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 the happy meeting. I made a point of honor to be 
 particularly deliberate in my compliments and 
 enquiries — Madame, the children, Kate and Caesar, 
 were all duly remembered. But no remark about 
 the weather escaped either of us. The weather had 
 nothing to do with the code, and we had nothing 
 to do with the weather. People in the mean time 
 were looking out of their shop windows at us, and 
 watching our polite ceremonies with perfect astonish- 
 ment. But there we stood, in the midst of the 
 drifting snow, as unconcerned as if it had been a 
 summer's morning, bowing and scraping, with our 
 eyes and ears filled with the drift, and our hair fro- 
 zen into wisps and whistling in the wind. But we 
 paid no attention to such small matters, nor to the 
 people in the shops, who, from the very politeness 
 of our movements, began seriously to suspect that 
 we were in reality cracked : for the Albanians, being 
 mostly Dutch, had in truth but little better notions 
 of politeness than the English themselves. After a 
 while, however — after having exhausted the whole 
 budget of compliments and talked over the news of 
 the day ; after having touched upon the prolific 
 topic of Buonaparte and the Bourbons, and discussed 
 the merits of French and English literature, Pope, 
 Boileau, Fenelon, Massillon and Moliere, we pre- 
 pared to take leave ; and having made our several 
 
Recollections of Albany. 129 
 
 bows and conges, we thumped the snow ont of our 
 hats, and repeating the usual parting phrase, au 
 'plaisir, monsieur," without further ceremony, separat- 
 ed, and resumed our respective courses — I scudding 
 before the gale under bare poles down the street, 
 the old marquis, brail ed and buttoned to the chin, 
 beating slowly to windward up the hill ! 
 
 Though the old gentleman, during the ieie a tete^ 
 suffered no sign of impatience to escape him, yet 
 I strongly suspect he must have wished the whole 
 theory of civilization, the special code, and his polite 
 pupil, to the devil, forty times over, before we 
 parted ! 
 
 THE MARQUIS'S PUPILS. 
 It was reasonably to have been expected, that 
 before closing these reminiscences I should give 
 some further account of the young gentlemen who, 
 under the pretext of studying French, but in reality 
 from motives of charity and the novelty of the thing, 
 became pupils of the marquis, and boarders at the 
 Hotel Du Barraille. It was my intention to give 
 a full length portrait of each and every member of 
 that celebrated school, but, upon reflection, it would 
 occupy more time than I can now spare, and more 
 space than my present canvass will admit. Besides, 
 17 
 
130 Eecollections of Albany. 
 
 tlie time has gone by, when such an exhibition 
 would be interesting. Many of them have long 
 since passed away, and few remain, to whom their 
 features would be familiar. The light that shone 
 in their chambers is extinguished — their halls are 
 desolate — their dwellings are dark! I shall there- 
 fore content myself by collecting a few loose stones 
 to set up in this place (after the manner of the pa- 
 triarchs of old), as a memorial of their good-fellow- 
 ship, and as a testimony to their whimsicalities 
 forever ! In other words, I shall furnish the reader 
 with a brief compilation of their personal peculiar- 
 ities, tastes, talents and acquirements : and if this 
 should fail to perpetuate their memories, it will be 
 the fault of the compiler, and not of the materials 
 from which it is complied. 
 
 Their names on the muster roll of the school 
 were ranged in alphabetical order, and by a singu- 
 lar coincidence, their talents were found to corre- 
 spond with their rank or position on the roll — 
 descending the lettered ladder by regular gradation 
 from A to K, inclusive. I shall speak of them in 
 the same order, and as briefly as is compatible with 
 the courtesy due to old acquaintance, or as may be 
 consistent with a just enumeration of their various 
 qualities. 
 
 Mr. A was a good English scholar, had a smat- 
 
Recollections of Albany. 131 
 
 tering of Latin, was master of the French and 
 familiar with all its dialects — patois, Creole and 
 Canadian. "Wrote poetry, read German, and spoke 
 Dutch. Was a good sailor, skilled in nautical lore 
 and learned in its technicalities — understood the 
 theory of gun boats as well as Mr. Jefferson him- 
 self, and could manage a canoe to perfection. He 
 was a skillful angler, full of piscatory science, and 
 familiar with all its tackling — poles and hooka 
 and flies ! He had a taste for drawing and paint- 
 ing — knew Shakespeare by heart — studied medi- 
 cine, read the psalms, and played upon the fiddle. 
 He was, moreover, a great sportsman and a capital 
 shot — knew all about double barrel and single 
 barrel, in cover or on the wing. Knew the habits 
 of all sorts of game — wild goose, duck, plover, 
 woodcock, snipe, hedge hog, fox and bear. Knew 
 all the points of a horse, and spoke the classic lan- 
 guage of the turf as fluently as his mother tongue. 
 "Was fond of dogs (as dogs were of him) but detested 
 puppies. He was also a perfect master of fence — 
 broad sword, small sword, quarter staff and cudgel. 
 Knew something of mathematics, and something 
 also of music — was a great mimic, a great quiz, 
 and could tell a story better than any other man 
 living. In addition to these few particulars, I may 
 add, that he was a gentleman in every aspect — in 
 
132 Eecollections of Albany. 
 
 feeling, address and manner — tliat lie always walked 
 with a cane, and was always accompanied by Sweet- 
 heart, Blanche and Tray. 
 
 Mr. B understood men and things in general, 
 and politicians in particular, better than any other 
 member of the club. He was something of a writer 
 and something of a reader. He had a taste for 
 satire, a great flow of animal spirits, some wit and 
 a good memory. Was fond of poetry, music, fun, 
 trigonometry and backgammon. Was a great 
 talker, but talked well. A good listener, but im- 
 patient of folly. His strength lay in his good sense 
 — his weakness in an undue fondness for poetry. 
 He was a good judge of character, and knew every 
 body's weak side but his own. He was in short a 
 man of business with a literary taste — uneducated, 
 but well read — quick in his perceptions, just in his 
 conclusions, ready, apt, and of a lively imagination. 
 
 Mr. C was a hard student, well educated, well 
 informed — had a full share of common sense, but 
 no wit, no tact, no taste — was no lover of music 
 or of poetry. Had no objection to fun, provided 
 the unities of time and j;/c(ce were observed. His 
 knowledge was respectable, sound, useful. He 
 belonged to the school of utilitarians — out of that 
 pale he never traveled but against his will. He 
 was fond of argument and a good dinner of lob- 
 
Eecollections of Albany. 133 
 
 sters, logic, and law. He loved prudence, economy, 
 new cider, green peas, and a beef steak garnished 
 witli onions. On the other hand, he had an uncon- 
 querable dislike to a tailor's bill, a beggar, and a 
 cat ! He was, however, a reliable man, punctual, 
 regular, methodical, and as upright as a doric 
 column. 
 
 Mr. D was perhaps the best educated, certainly 
 the most accomplished of all the marquis's scho- 
 lars. He had, moreover, the reputation of being 
 the handsomest man in the city. He had a fine 
 face, a fine tone of voice, an admirable form, agree- 
 able manners, an easy lounging gait, and great 
 good humor. He dressed well, danced well, was 
 particularly fond of music, and though he could 
 not distinguish one tune from another, was capi- 
 tal in a chorus. He was somewhat indolent, but 
 good hearted, liberal, unafiected, and unpretending. 
 He gave himself but little concern about the ordi- 
 nary concerns of life, and with the extraordinary he 
 had nothing to do. 
 
 He was fresh from college, and of course pro- 
 foundly read and liberally learned. He knew the 
 first three lines of Virgil by heart — knew some- 
 thing of Cornelius Kepos, and something of Caesar. 
 Had heard of Demosthenes, of Homer and Hero- 
 dotus, perhaps of Xenophon and Xerxes, of Plato, 
 and of Plutarch. But the ancients did not, I be- 
 
134 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 leive, occupy all his thoughts — he loved the 
 younger and the gayer world. He loved wit, he loved 
 music, and what is more to the purpose, he loved 
 fun in all its endless varieties, forms and phases : 
 And to this last article he contributed his full share ; 
 he added largely to its capital stock, and still more 
 liberally to its circulation. 
 
 Mr. E was one of those polite and cj^uiet men 
 who win their way by gentleness, rather than by 
 force. What others claimed as a matter of right, 
 he received as a special favor. Though uninitiated 
 in party politics, and indifferent to the rule by 
 which the right is determined, he nevertheless went 
 with the majority. He was always with the' many, 
 never with the few. He admired power, strength, 
 wealth, dress, fashion, taste and show. He paid the 
 profoundest deference and respect to men in high 
 stations, and wisely measured their talents by their 
 rank. His knowledge was rather exact than exten- 
 sive, but his good nature, politeness and courtesy, 
 knew no bounds. His colloquial powers were not 
 great, but he was an excellent listener, and laughed 
 at every joke, whether he understood it or not. He 
 took no part in any sharp discussion, trod upon no 
 man's toes, and differed with no man in opinion, at 
 least not audibly. He sung a good song, took les- 
 sons in dancing, wore kid gloves, and played upon 
 
Recollections of Albany. 135 
 
 the flute. With such a happy temper of mind, and 
 such amiable qualities, it would be needless to say 
 that he was a universal favorite. 
 
 Though there was much in the character of Mr. 
 E to which a proud mind would object, yet I must 
 confess that I looked upon it with some degree of 
 admiration, and occasionally with a feeling border- 
 ing upon envy. He was certainly the most amiable, 
 and by far the most popular man in the club. 
 
 Mr. F made no pretensions to scholarship of any 
 kind. He knew nothing of Greek, Latin, French 
 or German. He had read but little beyond the 
 Pentateuch, day book and ledger. But he had good 
 sense, good nature, and mother wit in abundance. 
 It may easily be imagined that he had no taste for 
 poetry and no skill in music. Yet, like Mr. D, his 
 voice was admirable in a chorus. He borrowed 
 nothing from others, nothing from books. His 
 powers and resources were all his own. He uttered 
 nothing that smelt of the lamp — though it some- 
 times had the flavor of the shop. Ease, humor, droll- 
 ery, a love of wit and a love of fun, characterized 
 his social intercourse. He was perpetually saying 
 good things, and sometimes, I used to think, vdth- 
 out knowing it. He was, in short, not only witty 
 himself, but the cause of ^vit in others. A better 
 hearted man never lived. 
 
136 Recollections of Albany. 
 
 Mr. Gr was, in one sense, the lion of the club. He 
 was, indeed, one of a thousand ! in otlier words, 
 a most singular character, a most perfect original. 
 He possessed one quality, one single trait, com- 
 posed partly of mind and partly of manner, which, 
 like Aaron's rod, swallowed up all the rest. It was 
 assurance — or, more correctly speaking, impudence ! 
 which, but for its unbounded excess, would have 
 been offensive, if not intolerable. It was neither. 
 It was indeed so striking, so transcendental, as 
 seemingly to partake of the character of genius. 
 It seemed, in him, to lose the vulgarity of its nature 
 and to operate like wit. Its exhibition was indeed 
 almost always followed by a roar of laughter. 
 
 The voice, the eye, the whole face, indeed the 
 whole man, was the expressive type of cold, impas- 
 sive, unabashed and uuabashable impudence. Yet 
 it had weight, it had character, it had influence. 
 It was surprising, astonishing, amusing. ITotwith- 
 standing the absurdity of the assertion, proposition 
 or speech, in which this peculiar trait was embodied, 
 it was so strengthened and sustained by the air of 
 confidence with which it was uttered, that you 
 were led to doubt for a moment' the correctness of 
 your own conclusions, thinking it possible there 
 might be in it something more than appeared upon 
 the face of the record. 
 
Recollections of Albany. 137 
 
 He was not, however, altogether destitute of 
 other and more agreeable qualities, but they were 
 lost in the blaze of the virtue we have attempted 
 to describe. He was rather good natured than 
 otherwise, full of crochets and inventions provoca- 
 tive of mirth, and to one who sought amusement 
 only, was an agreeable companion. 
 
 He had received a college education, and could 
 write his name ! 
 
 Mr. H was a gentleman in every respect, but 
 without any strong points of cahracter, preculiari- 
 ties, faults or follies. He played an excellent game 
 of whist, talked to his horse, read Ossian and the 
 Canticles, loved music, and entered cordially into 
 all the amusements of the club. 
 
 Mr. I was placed by ballot at the head of the 
 table as carver and master of ceremonies, which 
 station (particularly when there was no company 
 present and the principal dish was a cutlet of liver 
 or a bowl of soup) he filled with distinguished 
 ability. 
 
 Mr. K, the last name upon the muster roll of the 
 school — the least and the humblest, I shall leave 
 to the imagination of the reader. It does not be- 
 come me to draw my own portrait. 
 
 l^ow, it would be doing great injustice to the 
 marquis's pupils, to dismiss them with such a bare 
 18 
 
138 Eecollections of Albany. 
 
 and skeleton-like enumeration of tlieir tastes and 
 qualities, as js presented in the foregoing sketches. 
 From such loose outlines and unconnected details 
 their real characters cannot justly be inferred. The 
 union of such elements might or might not have 
 been favorable. The moral aspect, the combined 
 influence, the general result is still wanting. That 
 result, in my judgment, was highly creditable. 
 
 That there was much social freedom, wild wit, 
 humor, song, and youthful jollity among them, I 
 readily admit : but there was a counterpoise to this 
 — there was something higher and better. There 
 was a high sense of honor, a pride of character — 
 ambition, emulation, and effort. There was much 
 close and varied reading, much laborious study. 
 More than one language was cultivated, more than 
 one species of knowledge acquired. Composition 
 was ]practiced, and poetry studied as an art — 
 the latter was indeed assiduously cultivated as a 
 vehicle of satire and of wit. A sufficient know- 
 ledge of French was obtained, by those who pur- 
 sued the study, to read and translate it with ease. 
 To speak it was found to be a very different thing — 
 the time was too short, the opportunities too few — 
 it was, in fact, commenced too late in the day. But 
 the door to French literature was opened, and to 
 be able to read Moliere in the original, even if no- 
 
Recollections of Albany. 139 
 
 tiling else had been gaiued, was worth all the time 
 we spent at the school. 
 
 In all these various studies and pursuits, as well 
 as in all the amusements of the club, good man- 
 ners, good habits, and a gentlemanly tone of feeling 
 were observed. Temperance, notwithstanding the 
 goblets that occasionally figured in our songs, was 
 the order of the day — the voluntary, unpledged 
 habit of each and of all. "We should as soon have 
 thought of sharpening our wits by profanity as of 
 drawing our inspiration from the glass. 
 
EREATmi. 
 Page 19, note, for MinAhousen, read Minc/ihonsen. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Adams, John Quincy, 88. 
 
 Albany, in 1800, 20, 2:;; popu- 
 lation at dilferent periods, 20 , 
 in 1695, 22 ; beef (sturgeon), 
 24; inveterately Dutch, 27; 
 chamber of commerce, 49 ; 
 trade with the far west, 50 ; 
 churches in 179G, 74 ; in 1803, 
 80 ; Gazette, 72 ; Register, 
 71, 72. 
 
 Alcxandei', Joseph, 49. 
 
 Ames, Ezra, 41. 
 
 Anglo-American type, 112. 
 
 Annals of Albany, 71. 
 
 Apothecary's Hall, 120. 
 
 Arbor Hill, 44. 
 
 Armstrong, John, 8G. 
 
 Arnold, Gen., 45. 
 
 Ash-Grove church, 53. 
 
 Assemblies, city, 34, 35, 36, 38. 
 
 Bank of Albany, 66, 83 ; presi- 
 dent of, 43, 44, 56. 
 
 Banyar, Goldsborough, 112,118. 
 
 Barber, John, 73; Robert, 71, 
 73. 
 
 Barnard, Daniel D., 43. 
 
 Bassett street, 122. 
 
 Battle in State street, 78. 
 
 Bell of the old church, 120. 
 
 Benedict, Lewis, 49. 
 
 Bleeckers, 45 ; Harmanus, 99 ; 
 Jan Jansen, 99. 
 
 Bloodgood, Francis, 78, 79. 
 
 Boileau, 128. 
 
 Bourbons, 128. 
 
 Boyd, John I., 48; Peter, 48. 
 
 Bradford, John Melancthon, 75. 
 
 Brass knocker, 24. 
 
 Broad street opened, 53. 
 
 Broome, Lieut. Gov., 69. 
 Buckingham, traveler, 43. 
 Buonaparte, 128; Jerome, 86. 
 Burgoyne, Gen., 59, 60. 
 Burnet, Gov., 57. 
 Burr, Aaron, 86. 
 Csesar, 128. 
 Caldwell, James, 91 ; town of, 
 
 97 ; William, 97. 
 Camp-ground, 122. 
 Canada invaded, 45. 
 CanM bank, 50. 
 Caps, red worsted, 25. 
 Chamber of commerce, 49. 
 Champlin, John, 79. 
 Chandler, Col. John, 81. 
 Chicago, trade with, 50. 
 Churches, first in Albany, 74. 
 Cincinnati, Recollections of, vi. 
 Clarke, Walter, 49, 96. 
 Clinton, Col. Charles, 69; De 
 
 Witt, 64, 69, 86 ; George, 57, 
 
 69. 
 Clowes, Rev. Timothy, 118. 
 Cohoes, 20. 
 
 Congregational church, 74. 
 Congress Hall, 82. 
 Conspiracy of the nobles, 36, 
 
 37. 
 Cooper, Dr. Charles D., 78, 79; 
 
 Mrs., 78. 
 Corning, Erastus, 48, 49. 
 Cornwallis, 81. 
 Delavan, Edward C, 47; Henry 
 
 W., 47 ; House, 45. 
 Delfthaven pilgrims, 30. 
 Dell, Rev. Godfrey, 122. 
 Detroit river, 26 ; trade with, 
 
 50. 
 
142 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 DeWitt, Simeon, 41, 79. 
 
 Dickinson, Benjamin, 47. 
 
 Douglass, Alfred, 50. 
 
 Douws, 45. 
 
 DuBarraille, Marquis, 101. 
 
 Dummer, George, 49, 50, 51. 
 
 Dutch Church, Middle, 39; 
 North, 25 ; old, 28, 30, 39, 
 40 ; funerals, 121. 
 
 Dutchmen, smoking, 26. 
 
 Eagle Tavern, 82. 
 
 Eclipse of 1806, 41. 
 
 Elm tree, 25. 
 
 English travelers, traits of, 19. 
 
 Episcopal church built, 39. 
 
 Erie Lake, 26. 
 
 Etsbergers, 24. 
 
 Fearon traveler, 19. 
 
 Fenelon, 128. 
 
 First Presbyterian church, 48, 
 
 Foote, Ebenezer, 79. 
 
 Fort Edward, 58. 
 
 Fort Orange, 28. 
 
 Fort Stanwix, view of, 45, 58. 
 
 Fort Winnebago, trade with, 50. 
 
 Fox creek, 104, 
 
 Franklin and Van Schee, 122. 
 
 Freedoms of the city, 32 ; form 
 of, 33. 
 
 Frelinghuysen, now Franklin 
 street, 122, 
 
 French politeness, 126, 
 
 Front doors, 24. 
 
 Fur traders, 26. 
 
 Gansevoort, Gen. Peter, 45. 
 
 Gai-rot, Monsieur, 87. 
 
 Gates, Gen., 59. 
 
 Genet, Edmond Charles, 70. 
 
 Giles, Mr., 93. 
 
 Gold, Thomas R., 79. 
 
 Gould, Job, 47 ; Thomas, 47,48. 
 
 Green Bay, trade with, 50. 
 
 Gregory & Co., 50. 
 
 Gregory, Ezra, 80, 87 ; House, 
 81 ; Lieut., 82 ; Dea. Mat- 
 thew, 80, 81, 84 ; Moses, 81 ; 
 Matthew, vi, 93, 94, 95. 
 
 Gutters introduced, 31, 
 
 Hale, Daniel, 46. 
 
 Hall, traveler, 19. 
 
 Hamilton, Alexander, 64, 86. 
 
 Hats, cocked, 25. 
 
 Henry, JohnV., 70. 
 
 Hochstrasser, Jacob, 45 ; Paul, 
 45. 
 
 Hodges dock,23. 
 
 Holbein, Hans, 123. 
 
 Hotel Du Barraille, 129. 
 
 Howe, Lord, 57. 
 
 Hudson, Recollections of, v. 
 
 Huguenots of France, 55 ; pro- 
 tected, 30. 
 
 Huron Lake, 26. 
 
 Hutton, Isaac, 49 ; George, 49. 
 
 Improvements began, 39. 
 
 Irving, Washington, 35. 
 
 Jamestown, 21. 
 
 James, William, 46, 
 
 Jay, Gov., 62. 
 
 Jefferson's election, 17, 18, 74, 
 
 Jefferson, Thomas, 17 ; called 
 the Great Apostle, 18 ; his 
 election an epoch, 18 ; com- 
 pared with John Tyler, 96. 
 
 Jenkins, Col. Elisha, 70, 78, 
 79, 123, 124. 
 
 Jersey City Glass Works, 50. 
 
 Jimmy Kane's walk, 53. 
 
 Johnson, Dr., 87; street, 122 ; 
 Sir John, 58. 
 
 Jones, Ignatius, vii, 93. 
 
 Kane, James, 46, 51, 52, 58, 
 54, 55, 79, 96. 
 
 Kate, 128. 
 
 Kent, James, 66, 69. 
 
 Knickerbackers, orthography 
 and derivation of the name, 
 35. 
 
 Knickerbocker history, 35, 44. 
 
 Knower, Benjamin, 51. 
 
 La Fayette, Gen., 82; head- 
 quarters, 24. 
 
 Lake George, 97 ; expedition 
 down, 57. 
 
 Lambert, John, 84. 
 
 Lansingburgh, 84. 
 
 Lansings, 45, 56. 
 
 Lansing, Abi-aham G., 64, 70 ; 
 Chancellor, 61, 63, 69 ; John 
 Jr., 33, 63, 69. 
 
 Levies, Schuyler captain of, 
 57. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 143 
 
 Lewis, Morgan, 8G ; Robert, 
 
 115; Stewart, 115; Tavern, 
 
 115. 
 Liquors excluded at Tontine, 
 
 82, 85. 
 Livingston, Cliancelloi', 8G. 
 Lydius, Balthazar, 119; Rev. 
 
 John, 120, 121, 122; street, 
 
 122. 
 Lyme, 47, 48. 
 Mackinac, 2G. 
 
 McNaughton, Dr. Peter, 47, 
 Madison, M., 82. 
 Maiden Lane, 23. 
 Marcy, AVilliam L., 47. 
 Marryat, traveler, 19. 
 Marvin, Alexander, 47 ; John, 
 
 47; Richard, 47; Uriah, 47; 
 
 William. 47. 
 Mason, Dr., 86. 
 Massilon, 128. 
 Mather, Thomas, 48. 
 Mayflower, 30. 
 Mechanics and Farmers' Bank, 
 
 V, 52, 73. 
 Mentz, Sebastiana Cornelia, 99. 
 Merchants, principal, 45, 46. 
 Michigan, trade with, 50. 
 Middletown, Ct.,48. 
 3Iink/iousen, 19, read Minchhou- 
 
 scn. 
 Mohawk river, 26. 
 Molicre, 128. 
 
 Montgomery, Gen., 45 ; suc- 
 ceeds Schuyler, 57. 
 Munchausen, Baron, 19. 
 Muncholf, chaplain, 19. 
 Newman, Henry, 49. 
 New Netherland, 44. 
 New York, first governor, 99 
 New York State Bank, v, 48, 
 
 GO, 69. 
 North Dutch Church, 23. 
 North-market street, northern 
 
 limit of, 44. 
 North Pearl street, 24, 25. 
 Norton, John T., 49. 
 Nott, Dr. Eliphalet, vi, 74, 75, 
 
 7G. 
 Nucella street, 122. 
 Olcott, Thomas AV., v, 43, 44. 
 
 Old people, 119. 
 
 Oneida lake, 26. • 
 
 Ontario lake, 26. 
 
 Orphan Asylum. 83. 
 
 Oswego, 2G. 
 
 Patroons, IIG. 
 
 Pemberton's corner, 29. 
 
 Peter, 114, 115, 116, 117, 124, 
 
 125. 
 Piatt, Ananias, 84. 
 Politeness, French, 126. 
 Pontiac, trade with, 80. 
 Pope, 158. 
 
 Potter, Bishop Alonzo, 53. 
 Presbyterian church, 74. 
 Protestants of the Netherlands, 
 
 55. 
 Pruyns, 45. 
 Puffendorf, 26, 
 Pulpit, ancient, 30. 
 Puritans of New England, 55. 
 Quay street, 23. 
 Raymond, B. C, 48, 
 Reckhows, 24. 
 Robison, John, 92. 
 Rochefaucault-Liancourt, 74. 
 Rochelle, 30. 
 
 Roger's Biographical Diction- 
 ary, 45. 
 Romaine, Rev., 75. 
 Saginaw bay, 2G. 
 St. Clair, Gen., 90; river, 26. 
 St. Leger, 45. 
 Sanders & Ogden, 49. 
 Sault St. Marie, trade with, 
 
 50. 
 Schaets, Rev. Gideon, 119. 
 Schuylers, 50. 
 Schuyler, Catharina, 61 ; Col. 
 
 Peter, 56; Col. Philip, 57; 
 
 Gen. Philip, 56, 61, 64, 58, 
 
 59; Mrs., 60. 
 Sedgwick, Theodore, 98. 
 Seuegambia, 99. 
 Skeensborough creek, 58. 
 Southwick, Solomon, 71, 72. 
 Spencer Ambrose, 69 ; John, 
 
 48, 49. 
 Specht's regiment, 19. 
 Spouts abolished, 31, 32, 33. 
 Staatses, 45. 
 
144 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Staats House, 27. 
 Stages, early, 84. 
 Stafford, John, 49; Spencer, 
 
 48, 49. 
 Stanton, George W., 47. 
 State dock, 23. 
 State street, state of, 33 ; paved, 
 
 34; battle in, 78. 
 Stevensen, John, 56 ; House, 
 
 56. 
 Stewart, Gilbert, 47. 
 Street's Council of Revision, 
 
 64, 69. 
 Sti-eets named from the domi- 
 
 nes, 122. 
 Stringer, Dr., 24. 
 Sturgeon, eagerness for, 24 ; 
 
 slip, 24. 
 Stuyvesant Landing, 49. 
 Tammany Hall, 12. 
 Taverns, 80. 
 
 Tayler, John, 69, 78, 79. 
 Ten Broecks, 65. 
 Ten Broeck, Abraham, 43, 44 ; 
 
 Dirk, 44. 
 Ten Eycks, 45. 
 Ticonderoga, fortress of, 58 
 Tillotson, Thomas, 70. 
 Tompkins, Daniel D., 69, 86. 
 Tontine Coffee House, 54, 80, 
 
 84. 
 Townsend, Isaiah, 46, 49. 
 Trotter's alley, 48. 
 Troy stage, 84. 
 
 Troy, Reminiscences of, 70,120. 
 Tucker & Crawford, 4S. 
 Two steepled Church (see 
 
 Dutch Church). 
 Tyler, John, '96. 
 Uncle Sam's figures, 21. 
 Van Benthuysen, C, v. 
 Van Buren, Martin, 56. 
 Vanderheyden mansion, 120. 
 Van Loons, 45. 
 Van Loon, Peter, 49. 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Elizabeth, 44 ; 
 
 Gen., 79 ; Jeremiah, 43 ; 
 
 Solomon, 78, 79 ; Stephen, 
 
 43, 44. 
 
 Van Schaicks, 45. 
 
 Van Schaick, Col., 42 ; John, 
 
 79. 
 Van Schelluyne, Cornelius, 44 ; 
 
 Dirk, 44. 
 Van Twiller, Sir Wouter, 26. 
 Van Vechtens, 56. 
 Van Vechten, Abi'aham, 61, 62, 
 
 70, 79. 
 Vossenkil, 104. 
 Walsh, Dudley, 46. 
 Watering place, 23. 
 Watson, Elkanah, 33 ; elected 
 
 constable, 32, 34. 
 Webb & Dummer, 49. 
 Webb. Henry L., 50; H. L. and 
 C. B., 50 ; John H., 48 ; J. H. 
 and H. L., 49. 
 Webster's corner, 25. 
 Wendell, Anna, 61 ; Dr. Peter, 
 
 82 ; Gen. John H., 42. 
 Westerlo, Rev. E., 24; street, 
 
 122 ; street extended, 53. 
 Willard, Dr. S. D,, vi. 
 Williams, Elisha, 79. 
 Willows on the dock, 24. 
 Wilson, John Q., vi. 
 Windows, stained, 30. 
 "Wing, Dr. Joel A., 84; Mat- 
 thew Gregory, 83. 
 Wood creek, 58. 
 Woodworth, John, 70, 79. 
 Wooster, Gen., 58. 
 Worth, Gorham A., v. 
 Wyckoff, Isaac N., 49. 
 Wynantskil, 48. 
 Yankies in possession, 33. 
 Yateses, 56. 
 
 Yates, chief justice, 64; John 
 Van Ness, 65; John W., 66; 
 Robert, 64, 65. 
 
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