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ail)c ISseful iltan. 
 
 77/ 
 
 SEEMON 
 
 DELIVERED AT THE FUNERAL OF 
 
 HON. CHARLES PAINE, 
 
 AT XORTIIFIELD, VT., SEPT. 1, 1853. 
 
 BY EZRA S. GANNETT; 
 
 if ■ 
 
 MIXISTEU OF THE FEDERAL STREET SOCIETY IN BOSTON, MASS. 
 
 ' • (, NORTHFIELD: 
 
 PRINTED BY WOODWORTH & GOULD 
 
 1853. 
 
 (ill 1 I I I I I III 
 

IN WACO, TEXAS, JULY 6th, 1853, 
 
 HON, CHARLES PAINE, 
 
SERMON. 
 
 Phillppians II : 4 — Look not every man on his own things, but every man 
 also on the things of others. 
 
 Gocl has put us here to be useful. That is the mean- 
 ing of the text, and that is the truth which this occa- 
 sion seems to me suited to impress on om' minds by 
 ihe example of a life which, alike in its early and its 
 mature manhood, was largely productive of good to 
 others. God has put us here to be useful, — each one 
 in his own sphere and in his own way ; that is, accord- 
 mg to the abilities with which he is endowed and the 
 circmnstances in which he is placed. 
 
 We may state the purpose of human life in different 
 terms, as we contemplate it under one or another 
 class of relations, but the superficial contradiction will 
 cover a real harmony. Man should live for God. It 
 should be his aim and law, to glorify his Maker, — to 
 obey the supreme Will, and to fit hunself for an 
 enjo}inent of the Divine favour hereafter. Again, 
 he should covet personal excellence, and labour assid- 
 uously to inifold the spiritual ele;inents of liis nature 
 in preparation for a higher state of being. In either 
 case walking by faith, and looking "at the things 
 w^hich are unseen and eternal." And yet it is plain 
 
 fi. 
 
that we should live for others, not holy remembermg 
 that m point of fact " no one" either " liveth" or 
 '• dieth to himself," Init making it our high endeavor 
 and constant principle '' to do good." There is no 
 contrariety, we say, in these statements ; no more 
 than when we describe the purpose of an invention 
 differently as we examine it from this or that point 
 of view ; pronouncing it to be the design of a ship, for 
 example, to cleave the waters, or to transport the 
 commerce of the world, or to weave together the 
 interests of nations. In the beautiful harmonies which 
 the Creator has established, more perfect than any 
 which man can produce, the threefold purpose of our 
 existence, considered in respect successively to God, 
 to ourselves, and to our fello^vmen, is ])ut the expres- 
 sion of a spiritual unity ; while the double relation 
 which our life sustams to this world and to the world 
 bej^ond the grave causes faithfulness in our present 
 circumstances to be the best preparation we can make 
 for future happmess. When therefore we commend 
 usefulness as the proper exercise of a mans faculties 
 and the fulfillment of his Maker's design in placing 
 him here, by a necessary implication we pronounce it 
 to be his duty to consecrate his powers to the glory 
 of God, and also to give all diligence to make his own 
 '• calling and election sure," seeking an inheritance of 
 endless glory for himself by a laborious devotion to the 
 well-beinsc of others. 
 
 Usefulness is diverse in its form. It has many 
 manifestations, but one spirit ; many methods, but one 
 end. To benefit others, — this is its object ; to make 
 them wiser, better, happier, more free, more noble, 
 
9 
 
 more receptive of the good which may be educed 
 from their condition ; or to change that condition, so 
 that it shall mcliide more blessings, offer more oppor- 
 tunities, and yield more svibstantial benefit. It sup- 
 poses therefore an interest in others, — an acknowl- 
 edgment of their claim on the regards of the individ- 
 ual and his cheerful response to thsCt claim. It does not 
 involve an act of self-oblivion nor require an abnega- 
 tion of personal interests. Two mistakes have always 
 found advocates in opposite extremes of specula- 
 tion, while the truth lay midway between them. On 
 the one hand, it has been maintained that a renuncia- 
 tion, or at least a practical neglect, of our own good 
 is our duty ; disinterestedness, according to this school 
 of moralists, being inconsistent with a pursuit of one's 
 own benefit, either immediate or prospective. Now, 
 since the illustrative example as well as the authori- 
 tative teaching on this subject must be dra^vn from the 
 New Testament, the instruction we there get is suffi- 
 cient for- an exposure of this error. The language of 
 the New Testament, instead of favoring such a notion, 
 is directl}^ at variance with it. The command to 
 which Christ assigned the second place in the code of 
 human duty contains an express denial of the idea, 
 that in consulting the good of others we may not 
 think of ourselves. What says the golden rule ? 
 "^ Thou shalt love thy neighbor as ihjselfr In Watts's 
 happy versification, — 
 
 " Let thy kindness to thyself 
 Measure and rule tliy love to him." 
 
 What say the apostles of the Lord ? Our text 
 furnishes the reply. " Look not every man on his 
 
10 
 
 own things, but every man also on the things of 
 otliers ;" that is, let not his attention be given exclu- 
 sively to his own advantage, but let him at the same 
 time study the advantage of others. AVhat is the 
 character of the example left by him who was " with- 
 out sin ?" The writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews 
 supplies the answer, in his declaration that " the 
 Author and Finisher of our faith" " for the joy that 
 was set before him endured the cross." The theory 
 of a disinterestedness that shuts out the influence of 
 any personal motive finds no support in the Christian 
 Scriptures, abounding as they do in passages which 
 hold out the incentive of reward and describe the 
 penalty of disobedience. Nor are we required to 
 construe such passages in an exclusively spiritual 
 sense, or with a limitation of their meaning to a future 
 state of existence. He whose days are devoted to 
 usefulness need not be unmindful of his own present 
 interests. That is an unchristian as Avell as an irra- 
 tional doctrine, which requires us to neglect our 
 worldly affairs, or to despise the good opinion of our 
 fellowmen, lest we should bring our generosity under 
 suspicion. Circumstances may arise which shall render 
 it our duty to sacrifice everything, even life, for 
 others ; but in the ordinary course of events benevo- 
 lence neither dooms a man to poverty nor precludes 
 him from seeking honorable positions in societ}^ Sad 
 indeed, if the possession of either wealth or office 
 must be regarded as incompatible with disinterested- 
 ness ! More sad for the community than for the 
 individual, for then places of public trust and the 
 resources of an ample fortune, means of so much good 
 as well as harm, would be in the hands of the selfish. 
 
11 
 
 of those least disposed and least likely to make a good 
 use of them. 
 
 But, on the other hand, we disbelieve and loathe 
 that worse than Heathen theory, which traces every 
 generous deed to a secret self-love, and denies the 
 possibility of disinterested service ; a theory which 
 degrades man's reason into a machine for the calcula- 
 tion of loss and gain, and makes his life nothing but 
 the result of that calculation. No ; man is capable 
 of espousing aims and arranging plans irrespectively 
 of his own advantage. He can make it his habitual 
 and predominant purpose to benefit others. 
 
 His habitual and predominant purpose, I say. 
 There is an impulsive generosity which lacks that 
 element of steadfastness without which no one can be 
 really useful. Spasmodic acts of beneficence often 
 gain more praise than a uniform discharge of social 
 obligations, but they deserve less. Usefulness is, from 
 its very nature, a habit. 
 
 And, farther, the temper of which we speak must 
 be joined mth an integrity that shall scorn unworthy 
 uses of time or circumstance. We may not allow the 
 title of a benefactor of his fellowmen to one who 
 gives them an example of equivocal conduct ; for his 
 example taints the public morals, and no oflftces of 
 kindness or gifts in money can compensate for such 
 an injury. High-principled honor should be the com- 
 panion of generous endeavor. "Without fear and 
 "without reproach," may be borrowed from the mottos 
 of chivalry to describe the character of him who 
 
12 
 
 " looks on the things of others," not with an envious 
 eye, but with an eager desire to promote their com- 
 fort and improvement. 
 
 In union with the quahties we have noticed must 
 we discover the presence of a faith which Hfts the soul 
 to higher contemplations than those of eartli or time ; 
 faith in God as the Author and Judge of all, the 
 Source of blessing and the Witness of every secret 
 purpose. What other support, indeed, can be found 
 for an integrity which no adverse change of circum- 
 stances and no specious temptation shall be able to 
 move from its alleoiance to the riarht ? Or what other 
 reasonable ground of confidence in efforts for the 
 good of men ? Religious fliitli must underlay all such 
 efforts, to give them consistency and prevent their 
 yielding to the shock of disaster or the attrition of 
 discouragement. ShoAV me a man who is upright, 
 generous, noble, free from disguise, acting abvays upon 
 high convictions and for good ends, I need not hesitate 
 to pronounce liim one on whom the realities of the 
 spiritual universe in which he is embosomed have 
 impressed themselves, and in whose mind the great 
 idea of God is fixed as the pivot of his existence. 
 
 Through the combination of these elements, of 
 disinterestedness, integrity and religious faith, the 
 spirit of usefulness obtains that compact and energetic 
 force which enables it to accomplish what it under- 
 takes. Its resolution and its perseverance often sur- 
 prise those who do not understand of what divine 
 ingredients it is composed. In its manifestations it 
 is various ; because the wants of men are various and 
 
10 
 O 
 
 the ways in which they may be benefitted are num- 
 berless. He who attempts to restrict its action to any 
 one or more methods Ijetrays an entire ignorance of 
 its nature. As well might he issue a decree that the 
 streams of our earth shall run on the same angle of 
 descent and in chvannels of the same breadth. There 
 are many ways of doing good, because the capacities, 
 as well as the necessities, of man are many. The 
 highest benefit which can be conferred on any one, 
 in its immediate result, is his redemption from the ' 
 bondage of sin through the application of spiritual 
 truth ; and hence the missionary who carries the 
 gospel where it is unknown, or the Christian friend 
 who by his effectual remonstrance " saves a soul from 
 death," establishes a claim to the warmest admiration 
 and the heartiest thanks. But he who opens a school 
 for the uninstructed mind, or who founds a hospital 
 for the sick body, is also a benefactor on a large scale. 
 And no title^ of grateful honor should be withheld 
 from those — philanthropists I will style them, for I 
 know not who ])etter deserve the name — whose lives 
 are jeoparded in attendance upon the victhns of a 
 plague like that which has desolated tlie great com- 
 mercial city of the Southwest. Usefulness, I repeat, 
 has no single form of expression. She who travels 
 from Maine to Louisiana, and by her marvellous pow- 
 ers of persuasion makes private wealth and public 
 law tributary to her purpose of providing asylums 
 for the insane, is ji benefactor of her race ; luit so is 
 she also, who by her personal eftbrts and her judicious 
 advice has changed the character of emigration from 
 Great Britain to Australia. Whoever renders human 
 life more desirable is a benefactor of his kind. It has 
 
14 
 
 been said, that he who causes two blades of grass to 
 grow where but one grew before is worthy to bear 
 this name ; in other words, whoever increases, per- 
 manently, the means of sustenance, comfort, or con- 
 venience for his fellowmen ; whoever lightens their 
 toil, lessens their anxiety, relieves their fear, or 
 encourages their virtuous enterprise ; much more, he 
 who quickens their sympathies, enlarges their sphere 
 of aftection and hope, opens to them new sources of 
 knowledge, or brings the natural and social advantages 
 which the Author of our beins; intended for the use 
 of man within the reach of those to whom they have 
 been denied. The purpose being a right one, that is, 
 unselfish and untamted by the infusion of narrow 
 feeling, any undertaking which promises an increase 
 in the amount of human liappiness, which makes it 
 easier to accomplish the work of life, which multiplies 
 the pleasant relations of men with one another, facil- 
 itating their intercourse, subverting their prejudices, 
 and begetting, with honorable competition, reciprocal 
 confidence, which makes nature and society subser- 
 vient to the welfare of the individual, — any such 
 imdertakino; is a leo-itimate form of usefulness, and 
 justifies us in holding up the example of him with 
 whom it originates or by whom it is cherished for 
 imitation. 
 
 The direction which beneficence takes in our own 
 day, shows that in one respect at Jeast modern civ- 
 ilization confesses the influence of Christianity. In 
 ancient times there was no such thing as philanthropy. 
 Man as an individual was not an object of interest. 
 Patriotism did not recognize the value of the people. 
 
 mm» 
 
15 
 
 Some there were, willini^ to sacrifice themselves for 
 the glory of the national name or for the benefit of a 
 class ; but a thoughtful concern for the people at 
 large, inducing efforts for the improvement of their 
 condition, was unknown. One of the peculiarities of 
 the Gospel was its recognition of the Avorth of the in- 
 dividual. Overlooking all conventional distinctions, 
 it treated the humblest man with just as much com- 
 jiassion as the highest, and the highest with just as 
 much severity as the lowest, attaching importance on- 
 ly to moral difierences. Where Christianity succeeds 
 in communicating its own judgment and temper, the 
 great object with those vfho " look on the things of 
 others" will be, to place every one in the largest pos- 
 sible enjoyment of the blessings of a bountiful Provi- 
 dence and the privileges of a special revelation. Biat 
 the history of the Christian ages from the beginning 
 shows how imperfect has been the control which our 
 divine religion has obtained over minds which ac- 
 knowledged its authority. In our time, and in our 
 land, is first seen a due appreciation of the individual. 
 The people are thought of Their condition becomes 
 a subject of attention. And the enterprises on which 
 we lavish praise are those which benefit not a few, 
 but the many. He who cheapens a production ©f 
 nature or art for the multitude does a greater service 
 to the world, than he w^ho introduces a new luxury 
 for the rich or a new pleasure for the powerful ; and 
 he who facilitates the acquisition of knowledge or 
 innocent enjoyment, much more, of religious truth, 
 hj the people is the real philanthropist. Thank God, 
 this is becoming the decision of the nineteenth cent- 
 ury, — strange that Christendom has been so slow in 
 
•• 
 
 16 
 
 reaching this point ; and mth the better conception 
 of what they should make their aim, those who have 
 desired to do good have fostered movements suited to 
 lessen the evils or to augment the advantages of every 
 class in the community. " Looking on the things of 
 others" through a wide ran2:e of observation, and 
 anxious to relieve some general want of society, they 
 have directed their individual lives into that current 
 of usefulness, ever deepening and widening as just 
 thoughts take possession of men's minds, by which 
 the world is borne on to its ultimate destiny ; even the 
 humljle effort, that confines itself to the most private 
 offices, being thus made to confer a benefit that 
 reaches through the circles beyond circles of con- 
 sanguinity, neighborhood, commonwealth, country, 
 and humanity. 
 
 Mark now the useful man. He is one, who, with- 
 out conceiving it to be his duty to disregard his own 
 interests, is constantly engaged in advancing the in- 
 terests of others ; w^hose generosity is large, but judi- 
 cious ; whose happiness lies in devising and executing 
 schemes for the benefit of his fellowmen ; whose 
 heart is well taught in the school of Christ; who loves 
 the people, but is no demagogue ; who delights in 
 serving his neighbors or his countrymen, as he may 
 have opportunity, and who makes the opportunity 
 where it does not offer itself; who is most esteemed 
 where he is best known ; and whose influence grows 
 with his 3?-ears, till he is felt to ])e a part of the stabil- 
 ity of the social state. Or, should prejudice misrep- 
 resent him, and a too greedy ear accept the tale which 
 would tarnish his name, he holds on his course in the 
 
17 
 
 consciousness of a noble purpose prosecuted by up- 
 right means, and time^ the great vindicator, clears off 
 the aspersion. 
 
 Such a man is a blessino- to the community to which 
 he belongs, and to the age in Avhich he lives. Why are 
 such men ever cut oft' in the midst of their useful- 
 ness ? The question is often on our lips. Let it 
 receive an answer. The world is poorer and weaker 
 ibr the removal of every such man. Why does God 
 permit us to be so impoverished? Such men are 
 needed. Why are they taken away ? 
 
 I would avoid the presumption of attempting to 
 explain the whole providence of the Most High ; but 
 a sufficient reply to these questions is at our com- 
 mand. In his infinite kindness God " has appointed 
 unto man once to die," that he may rise to a higher 
 state of being. It would be a strange illustration of 
 his justice, to deprive those who have made the best 
 use of the present life of this privilege of death. But 
 if they die, it must be either at the height of their 
 usefulness or in that decline of vigor which ends in 
 the decrepitude of age. Would we doom them to 
 this latter necessity, as a reward of the interest they 
 have taken us ; requiting their generous toils by our 
 selfish demands ? But farther let it be considered, 
 that they are creatures of infirmity like ourselves, ex- 
 posed to disease, and m their ignorance liable to incur 
 fatal danger. Do we ask of God, that, in addition to 
 their moral graces, he will give them immunity from 
 peril, or a foresight superior to that of prophets and 
 apostles ? We should not dare, I think, to do this. 
 
n 
 
 in our fondest or most anxious moments. Admit- 
 ting then, that they must be subject to the same 
 law of mortaUty and the same hazard of Hfe with 
 their fellowmen, we can perceive how their de- 
 parture at the very time when they are in the 
 exercise of tlie most beneficial inliuence may give to 
 their example a force which it could not have during 
 their lives, causing it to make an impression deep in 
 proportion to the loss that is felt. A good man is 
 never more valued than when he is missed, and his 
 character never so fruitful in wholesome suo-o-estions 
 and holy impulses as Avhen it disappears from actual 
 observation. Let it also be borne in mind, that the 
 removal of those on whom we have leaned compels 
 us to put our trust in God. It is good for man to be 
 reminded of his dependence on an unseen Power, 
 that cares for him. The presence of earthly bene- 
 factors may render a community insensible to their 
 need of a Heavenly Protector. The disappearance, 
 moreover, of those Avhose connection with the progress 
 of society, we were almost tempted to think, gave 
 them a security against death, brings the fact of our 
 own mortality out of the Crowd of other thoughts in 
 which it is lost from view, and fastens our contempla- 
 tion on a theme full of salutary counsel. The effect 
 should also be considered of the change, through which 
 they have passed, on those whose usefulness here 
 is closed by the summons to another world. That 
 world may need them too ; at least, it will offer them 
 opportunities of continued service for the good of oth- 
 er's. Larger spheres of influence will be opened to 
 them ; and nobler purposes, inspired by the scenes 
 around them, may be executed with a fuller measure 
 
of satisfaction. Oh ! never complain, nor wonder, that 
 they who were doing the most good here have been 
 called to bear their part in the philanthropy of heav- 
 en. The principle is too obviously just to be disput- 
 ed, and too common among men to be denied, that he 
 Avho has been faithful in a lower situation shall be 
 raised to a higher. A useful life contains within itself 
 the promise of a not distant immortality. 
 
 AVhile, therefore, we rejoice in the lives of those 
 Avho write their names on the ijcrateful hearts of their 
 fellowmen, Ave acknowledge the justice of that Provi- 
 dence which interrupts their labours and deprives us 
 of their services. 
 
 Still we cannot but feel the keenness of our own 
 disappointment. There would be no room for sub- 
 mission, if there were no pain at our loss. The more 
 poignant our distress, the more decisive may be the 
 proof of our feitli in God. When the}^ whom we love 
 and whom the community has learned to value die, 
 we mourn, though we may not repine. We wander 
 through the places ''which have known them, but 
 shall know them no more," with a sense of bereave- 
 ment which every association of the scene with their 
 generous activity renders more oppressive. 
 
 With such feelings do we look on the scenes which 
 here surround us. As I have sat down amidst the as- 
 sociations which this place recals, it has seemod to me 
 that the cry of sorrow was the only sound which be- 
 fitted the hour. I have been moved to throw aside 
 what I had prepared, and speak of nothing but the 
 
 1 
 
20 
 
 greatness of our loss. But we may not, in the in- 
 dulgence of ovu' grief, refuse the instruction or the 
 comfort which God offers us. The termination of a 
 useful life should engrave the truths it illustrates up- 
 on hearts which suffering- makes tender. This Yillaa:e 
 abounds with memorials of our friend. They invite 
 us to speak of his character. 
 
 The early life of Charles Paine was passed under 
 circumstances suited to prepare him for the part he 
 afterwards filled. Born almost on the commencement 
 of a century remarkable for its control of mechanical 
 agencies and the development of popular institutions, 
 he entered on the period of his vigour at a time most 
 favorable for the exercise of his peculiar abilities. 
 His father, the late Judge Paine, Avas one of the most 
 honorable citizens of the State, and merited the re- 
 spect which was awarded him. The hifluences of his 
 home doubtless laid the foundation of that character 
 which in subsequent life raised the son to a not less 
 conspicuous position. Amidst the green hills of his 
 Ijirth-place he breathed the air of a manly freedom 
 and a A'irtuous energy. Nature spoke to him in her 
 clear and sweet tones, and he listened with the delight 
 of uncorrupted youth. Surrounded hy a yeomanry 
 that have ever maintained a frank independence in 
 union with honest industry, — intelligent, brave, and 
 hospitable, free from the vices of suburban communi- 
 ties, and strong in their local attachments, — he acquir- 
 ed the traits Avhich ripened into a wise and noble man- 
 hood. The love of his native State, the inborn pas- 
 sion of every son of Vermont, lost none of its ferA'our 
 as his judgment grew more mature. He loved her 
 
21 
 
 moimtains and her streams, her history and her peo- 
 ple. At the cage of seventeen he became a member 
 of Harvard College. It was there that my acquain- 
 tance with him began, and there that the bonds of 
 friendship, which four years of a common experience 
 and thirty 3'ears of various fortunes served but to 
 strengthen, were knit between him and his fellow-stu- 
 dents ; amono; whom was not one who reo-arded him 
 with any other feelings than those of respect and es- 
 teem. Thirty-five years after they first met in the 
 halls of Cambridi2:e, nearlv one half of the survivino; 
 members of his class were assembled, by his invita- 
 tion, around the board which was here spread with an 
 ample hospitalit}'. I recall that scene with special in- 
 terest, for it shows me the host and friend happy in 
 the sym^)athies of an occasion which he made delight- 
 ful to others. I see his erect form, his open face, his I 
 princel}^ demeanour. I hear his words of cordial greet- 
 ing, and feel no painful obligation, since I am sure 
 that his enjoyment of the re-union for which we are 
 indebted to him is not less than ours. Thanks to him, 
 whose hand we shall never grasp again, for the inef- 
 faceable recollections of that day ! 
 
 Durin'j; his coUeo-iate course Mr. Paine maintained 
 an unblemished character. He sought not literary 
 eminence, and acquired no distinction either by brill- 
 iancy of parts or depth of scholarship. But he avoid- 
 ed, as with an intuitive sense of propriety, the follies 
 as well as the vices into which they who are not guar- 
 ded b}' studious habits so often fall, and graduated 
 without a reproach on his name. Returning to his 
 home, he assumed at once the discharo-e of those 
 
22 
 
 duties to which filial love and respect prompted 
 him, and if 3'outhfiil am])ition ever stirred his heart, 
 it did not disturb the diligent j^rosecution of a busi- 
 ness which soon exhibited the results of his enerscetic 
 management. I well remember his narration of the 
 circumstances under which he took on himself the re- 
 sponsibilities of a more independent life. They show- 
 ed the quality of the men, — the father's sense of jus- 
 tice, the son's consciousness of ability. He became a 
 manufacturer, I apprehend, from the accident of po- 
 sition rather than from deliberate preference. How 
 he conducted his aftairs, — Iioay honorable he was in 
 his dealings, how attentive to the cares that devolved 
 on him, how quick to perceive and ready to allow the 
 claims of others, how free from pride and pretension, 
 how ardent in his desire to l)efriend every one who 
 came within the reach of his encouragement or his 
 help, you who hear me need not that I should tell. As 
 his character became more extensively known, the 
 public confidence was drawn to him. He aspired to 
 no civil honor, and yet the highest office in the State 
 was thrust upon him at an unusually early age. It 
 was the reward of consistent political action and well 
 established private worth. Sincerely attached to one 
 of the parties, in whose mutual jealousy and recipi'o- 
 cal influence is found the safety of our institutions, he 
 advocated the principles and supported the measures 
 which he believed to be most conducive to the public 
 interest; but never ^substituted passion for firmness, 
 falsehood for argument, or intrigue for honorable con- 
 duct. Upon his administration of the office that came 
 to him unsought he wished the people to pass their 
 
juclgment, which was affirmed in his re-election ; after 
 which he retired from pubUc life. 
 
 Such at least w'ould be the record of the political 
 historian. And yet it was then that Gov. Paine's re- 
 lation to the country became most important and his in- 
 fluence most extensive. From the hour at which he left 
 the chief magistracy of the State almost to the close 
 of his life he devoted himself, with a zeal and a per- 
 sistency that I may say have never been surpassed, to 
 one of those great public enterprises of which future 
 generations wdll reap the benefit in results of Avhich 
 we can form but an imperfect conception. For eight 
 years his name and his history were identified with 
 the progress of that enterprise ; and I believe I am 
 sustained by the judgment of those best qualified to 
 speak on this subject, in saying that its completion is 
 due to his indefatigable energy. Sanguine but not 
 rash, firm without obstinacy, fertile in wise expedi- 
 ents, creative of resources through the confidence he 
 inspired, laborious, sparing neither mind nor body, 
 ready to accumulate on himself cares, however weigh- 
 ty, w^hich he understood, but refusing responsibilities 
 for which he did not think he had the proper qualifi- 
 cation, he did what few men could have done and 
 wdiat few men would have dared to undertake. He 
 encountered unexpected difficulties, but they did not 
 discourage him. He met with long delays, but they 
 did not weary his hope. He endured the trial of im- 
 patient and censorious tongues, but they did not ruf- 
 fle his temper nor shake his conviction. He persever- 
 ed, and he succeeded. The work to wdiich he had 
 pledged his name and his heart was completed. Its 
 
24 
 
 practicability was proved by the fact, and its vitility 
 he was wilhng to leave for time to establish. New 
 embarrassments arose, before which many of its early 
 friends yielded to despondency, but not he. Still res- 
 olute in mind, unwearied in toil, he struggled against 
 disaster, and out of the midst of perplexity achieved 
 success. I do not claim for him a judgment inca- 
 pable of error, but I do impute to him a heart void of 
 wrong purpose and a life on which no stain of dishon- 
 or ever rested. I do not know that his anticipations in 
 regard to the value of the enterprise which he es- 
 poused, and with which, as he himself said, he would 
 allow no domestic cares to divide his thoughts, will 
 ever be realized; but I do afiirm that this work will bear 
 witness to the force of his character and the disinter- 
 estedness of his perseverance so long as it shall en- 
 dure. It was not for personal ends that he labored. 
 He saw that a great benefit might be secured for the 
 State which he loved, and the country of which that 
 State was a component part. He believed that inter- 
 course between communities and nations is a means 
 of ameliorating character, as well as of increasing ma- 
 terial prosperity. The magnitude of his hopes proved 
 the generosity of his heart not less than the grasp of 
 his mind. The iron pathway which he carried across 
 the breadth of this fair Commonwealth ^\ as in his 
 A iew one of the avenues, which a progressive civiliza- 
 tion and a diffusive humanity would iise for the ac- 
 complishment of the beneficent design of Providence 
 in bestowing upon men common wants and a mutual 
 dependence. Such was his grand and prophetic idea. 
 And now that it stands in substantial realization be- 
 fore the eye and judgment of the world, while he is 
 
25 
 
 no longer here, let it be his monument. He needs no 
 other, and no other could so well declare the traits 
 which distinguished him. 
 
 Gov. Paine's last undertaking was conceived in the 
 same spirit that had been shown in the history to 
 which we have alluded. The trains of thought with 
 which he had become familiar had prepared him to 
 appreciate the importance of an enterprise of still lar- 
 ger promise than that in which he had been engag- 
 ed ; and he no sooner found himself released, w^ith- 
 out any evasion of responsibleness, from the charge 
 which had borne so heavily upon him, than he turn- 
 ed his attention to the means of communication be- 
 tween the great central valley and the Pacific shore 
 of our liepul^lic. With the same confidence and en- 
 ergy that he had displayed on the scene of his past la- 
 )>ors, he adopted the preliminary measures for bring- 
 ing his persuasions to a practical issue, and while oth- 
 ers talked or wrote in their pleasant homes, he accep- 
 ted the fatigues and perils of travel through an al- 
 most unknown region. On this journey the constitu- 
 tion which had begun to feel the pressure of exces- 
 sive care and labor, gave way under exposure to se- 
 vere trial. He sickened and died far from his home. 
 Yet, it is grateful to know, not without ftiithful watch- 
 ing and the best medical attendance. He died at the 
 meridian hour of life ; but not without a long cata- 
 logue of useful services reg-istered on the memories of 
 his fellowmen. He died at the moment Avhen he may 
 have felt the strongest wish to live; ])ut lie believed 
 ill that God wdio doeth all things well, and in that 
 Gospel which contains the revelation of immortalit}'. 
 
26 
 
 He died when Ave may have most desired to keep 
 him with us, that we might reward him for the past 
 by new expressions of confidence in his integrity and 
 reliance on his wisdom ; but we have learned nothing, 
 if we have not yet been tanglit the lesson of submis- 
 sion to that Will wdiich uses bereavement often as 
 
 the channel of its richest blessings. 
 
 The character of our friend needs no other deline- 
 ation than it receives as we sketch his career. Ener- 
 gy, integrity and disinterestedness were its prominent 
 features. Before this audience, composed of his per- 
 sonal friends and of those with whom he lived in the 
 familiarity of neighborhood, it would be scarcely de- 
 cent for me to adduce illustrations of the qualities of 
 mind and lieart of which they were daily witnessing 
 the exhiljition. This village, in every stroke of its 
 industry and every mark of its prosperity, bears evi- 
 dence of his fostering care. This community, by 
 their unrestrained grief at the intelligence of his 
 death and by the terms in which they have express- 
 ed their sense of bereavement, have declared in what 
 estimation he was held. This assembly, collected from 
 distant places to pay the sad tribute of funereal hon- 
 or to his name, betokens the impression he made on 
 those with whom he practised no concealment and in 
 whose justice he confided. 
 
 Gov. Paine was not a man of professions. His 
 words were not many, and they were never uttered 
 to secure admiration or to forestall an impartial judg- 
 ment. It is not strange therefore that he said little 
 on the subject of religion. But such actions as speak 
 
27 
 
 more loudly ilian words attest both the reality and 
 the character of his faith. This edifice is a memori- 
 al of the value he set on the institution of public wor- 
 ship and an unsectarian administration of religious 
 truth. On this point he was strenuous and consistent. 
 The most emphatic disapproval of dogmatic exclu- 
 siveness which he could have left, as Avell as the most 
 decisive testimony to his faith in the great Christian 
 truths, is given in the paper ])y which he makes a fi- 
 nal disposition of his property. 
 
 This remarkable document contains also unim- 
 peachable proof of that disinterested concern for the 
 good of others and that desire to see all classes of 
 the people enjoying the means of knowledge, virtue 
 and happiness, which, I think, gave to his character 
 its largest claim on our fond remembrance. As a testa- 
 mentary provision, I should not be surprised to learn 
 that it is without a parallel. Brief but distinct in 
 its language, it is as peculiar for the modesty as for 
 the liberality which it evinces. Leaving all details to 
 the friends in whom he reposes the utmost confidence, 
 and avoiding any suggestion that might have the ef- 
 fect of connecting his name with the uses to which 
 his bequest may be put, he only requires of those 
 whom he appoints as Trustees, that, after assisting 
 such persons at they may think have any claim aris- 
 ing from consanguinity, friendship, or obligation in- 
 curred by him, they " use and appropriate whatever 
 property he may die possessed of for the best good 
 and welfare of his fello^vmen, — to assist in the im- 
 provement of mankind ; recommending that they do 
 it without sectarianism or bigotry, according to the 
 
28 
 
 intention of that God whose will is found in the law 
 of the Christian religion, in which," he adds, " I be- 
 lieve and trust." What could be more characteristic, 
 or more admirable ? 
 
 The manuscript from which I have quoted bears a 
 date somewhat distant from the present time. But, 
 if evidence were needed that he retained the same 
 feelings to the close of his life, it is furnished, to say 
 nothing of other facts, by an incident which I am 
 permitted to relate. A short time before his depart- 
 ure for Texas, Mr. Paine was reminded by a friend 
 that he liad never made an explicit declaration of 
 his religious belief, and was requested to say what 
 doctrinal tenets he had adopted. After a moment's 
 hesitation, he took from his pocket a slip of paper 
 bearing the stains of age and use^ which he gave to 
 his friend and said, " There is my creed." It contain- 
 ed the well known lines of Leigh Hunt ; which, fa- 
 miliar as they may be, no one prol)ably will complain 
 of my repeating in this connection. 
 
 Al)ou Ben Adlieiii (may his tribe increase !) 
 
 Awoke one night from a deep (h-eam of peace, 
 
 And saw within tlie moonlii;ht in his room, 
 
 INIakinji' it rieli and like a lily in bloom, 
 
 An aniiel writing in al^ook of gold. 
 
 Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold : 
 
 And to tlie presence in the room he said, 
 
 " AVhat writest thou'?" The vision raised its head, 
 
 And, with a look made all of sweet accord. 
 
 Answered " Tlie names of those who love the Lord." 
 
 " And is mine one V" said Abou. '* Nay, not so," 
 
 Beplied the angel. Al)on spoke more low, 
 
 Bnt cheerly still ; and said, " I pray thee, then, 
 
 A\'rite me as one that loves his fellowmen." 
 
 The angel wrote, and vanished. The next night 
 
 It came again, with a great wakening light, 
 
 And showed the names whom love of (!od had blest, 
 
 And lo ! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest. 
 
 »» 
 
29 
 
 Grievous is the loss which falls on a community, in 
 the death of one who aims to make his life an illus- 
 tration of the sentiment conveyed in^ these lines. 
 Such men there are ; though alas ! but few ; men who 
 })elieve that they shall best please God by showing 
 their love of their fellowmen. It might not be safe 
 for all to take this as an abstract of Christian doctrine ; 
 but, under the interpretation of sound and humble 
 thought, we have the authority of an Apostlp for main- 
 taining that it cannot greatly mislead any one, for 
 8t. John affirms that, ''• if we love one another, God 
 dwelleth in us ;" and, under the most perverse miscon- 
 struction, it will he better than many a nicely adjusted 
 formulary of belief 
 
 Deep and wide-spread must be the sorrow, when 
 one Avho has '' looked not on his own things, but also 
 on the things of others ' is taken from the sphere of 
 his visible usefulness. Great will be the lamentation, 
 as on this day ; but let it not Ijorrow the tone of com- 
 plaint or despair. We are tempted to think that God 
 is unmindful of our necessities, when those on whom 
 we have depended are borne out of our si<2;ht. It is 
 an unjust and sinful thought. The eye of faith dis- 
 cerns the Divine goodness in the summer's heat which 
 drinks up the rivulets and in the winter's cold which 
 Innds them with icy fetters, as well as in the vernal or 
 autumnal rains which cause them to rush down the 
 mountain's side or flow joyfully through the jjlain. 
 God never forgets us. Let the sorrowful wait on him 
 in patient suffering, and he will hold up their hearts 
 and guide their steps. 
 
30 
 
 Heavy is the loss which society is called to bear, 
 when the useful are taken away ; but in part will 
 there be a compensation, if others are moved to copy 
 their example. Nothing is more needed in this coun- 
 tiy than disinterested devotion to the people's good. 
 Active and forcible lives are the product of such in- 
 stitutions and such opportunities as ours ; but what 
 are activity and force if controlled by selfishness. 
 Patriotism and philanthropy have become equivocal 
 names. We want men of high principle and gener- 
 ous purpose, who in the fear of God will labor to pro- 
 mote the true welfare of their fellow-beings. Hon- 
 ored and treasured in the grateful love of every heart 
 be a life spent for the good of other. Its presence is 
 a benediction, and its influence abides when its pres- 
 ence is withdrawn. 
 
 A gloom hangs over the village in the warm sum- 
 mer's day. The sky is clear, and the air is healthful ; 
 yet ever}' aspect of nature is sad, and the scene around 
 us impresses us like a funereal monument. And such 
 it is. Oiu' hearts cast their own shadows upon the 
 landscape. We have come to lay the remains of him 
 whom we loved in the grave. He died far away from 
 us and from the spots that were dear to him ; but we 
 could not leave his dust in that distant land. The 
 hope, tenderly expressed in the first anguish of be- 
 reavement, is realized: 
 
 " That noble form, so proud, so calmly bold," 
 Shall " make its last, sad resting-place amid 
 The scenes he long had loved and cherished, 
 Within the vine-clad State, o'er which he ycoh 
 A Ruler." 
 
II' 
 31 
 
 Here will we lay his mortal frame, in the grave which 
 he Avould have chosen, in front of the temple which 
 he built to the glory of God, and in the midst of the 
 proofs of what he had done for man. The associa- 
 tions of this hour shall henceforth invest the spot. 
 Business and travel shall own its sanctity, and time 
 shall guard it with watchful reverence. 
 
 w mw ii ' iiw i— aa i ug igt' 
 
EXTIUCT. 
 
 FROM AN ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE 
 
 STATE AGRICULTUEAL FAIR, 
 
 Burlington, October lltli, 1853. 
 
 Samuel W. Thayer, M.D. 
 
 Dear Sir : — 
 
 Yoiu' letter, containing a request to furnish for publication, tliat portion 
 of my address, before the State Agricultural Society, in which allusion 
 was made to the late Hon. Charles Paine, has been received. Circum- 
 stances beyond my control have prevented my complying with it until 
 now. Agreeable to your wishes, a few paragraphs have been added, the 
 connection of which with those of the address is distinctly marked. 
 
 Truly, Yours, &c. 
 
 JOHN WHEELER, 
 
 EXTRACT. 
 
 Mr. President : 
 
 It cannot but have occurred to you, and to most of 
 the vast multitude before me, as we were borne here, 
 almost on the wings of the wind, that he, by whom 
 this has been accomplished, would not be with us. 
 Some days since, a few of us, in a neighboring village, 
 laid his remains in the grave, and having said " dust 
 to dust, ashes to ashes," we left his body to pay back 
 the common debt, which we all owe to nature. She 
 
 3 
 
 ^ . . ■ ■ a. 
 
34 
 
 has nourished our bodies, 
 laboratory. 
 
 We give them back to her 
 
 This day would have gladdened his heart. He 
 looked forward to it with delight. He would have 
 added every way to its interest, and its complete- 
 ness. 
 
 Although, it is said, all men are but various contri- 
 butions to realize the idea of Man ; as all christians 
 are but fragmentary parts of the glorious idea of a 
 perfect one in Christ ; still this man was possessed of 
 a form, which kings might env}", and which sculptors 
 might copy ; an agility, which athletes might emu- 
 late, an eye before whose fiery glance warriors might 
 quail, but in whose sunny and gleesome light, an in- 
 fant might smile. To these there was added an ener- 
 gy of purpose, and a power of Avill, such as would 
 give strength to the weakest ; a compass of mental 
 vision, and a simplicity and integrity of aim, Avhich 
 Avould give wisdom to a statesman, a frank, open, 
 o'enerous manner, that however he mi<jrht fail to be a 
 perfect man, he combined more to represent Vermont, 
 than perhaps the best of us. 
 
 To-day he could have exhibited perhaps the best of 
 Vermont animals — of the stable, of the pasture, and of 
 Inmibler 2>laces, and also the ])est products of our 
 mountain streams. He could have told you Mr. Pres- 
 ident of irrigation, for which you have offered a prize; 
 of the way, and the success of it ; of fiields burdened 
 ])y crops ; of barns overflowing with bounteous pro- 
 ducts. And when in imagination, we had wandered 
 
35 
 
 over the hills of Williamstowu and the vallies of 
 Northfield, and seen not merely the fields and their 
 productvS, but learned the predetermined purpose of 
 the cultivator and his typical success, he could have 
 taken us to a mountain top, and pointed out to us, as 
 his work, a cord threading its way through vallies, over 
 rivers, up mountain streams, through gorges, and anon 
 shooting out upon the lake. 
 
 He could have said the state is now Ijound togeth- 
 er. Mountains, which separate people o^nd convert 
 common friends to bitter enemies, have vanished. 
 Henceforth we are one people. Now Vermont may 
 plant one foot on the Atlantic shore, and gather of 
 the commerce of the great East ; and the other at the 
 falls of St. Anthony or St. Mary, and gather fron\ the 
 rising empires of the greater West. But for him^ how 
 few of us would have been here to-day. But for him, 
 how few products. Mr. President, would you have to 
 exhibit to-dav ! 
 
 This rapid means of intercommunication 1 None 
 of us have yet fully realized its effect in increasing 
 our productive wealth, in extending our practical 
 knowledge, in awakening and keeping alive our affec- 
 tions ])y the exercise of a constant fellowship, and 
 tlius keeping bright the golden chain of fraternal, 
 and of patriotic intercourse. Blessings on the memory 
 of him, by Avhom this has l)een made not merely pos- 
 sible, but real to us all ! We can do better by imita- 
 tating his untiring activity in the public service-; we 
 can all [frotv better, ])y cherishing his conspionous 
 virtues. 
 
ADDITIONAL REMARKS. 
 
 Circumstances of the same miperative character, as 
 those above alluded to, prevent my adding any thing 
 more, than such crude thoughts, as arise in m}^ own 
 mind. There is no time for the sifting examination 
 of facts and principles, which ought to form both the 
 warp and the woof of a valuable biographical sketch. 
 Nor perhaps has the time yet arrived, when true and 
 ample justice can be done to such a man as Gov. 
 Paine. The feelings, excited and abraded by active 
 strife in the practical detail of labors, wdiich touch up- 
 on the personal and individual interests of a numer- 
 ous community, do not permit a candid and discrimi- 
 nating judgment to be formed, by the many who may 
 have suffered, or the many who have differed in opin- 
 ion, or the many who have looked on for the purpose 
 of criticism, and w^ith something of the feeling, which 
 that commonly engenders. Posterity may be more 
 just than we are, either in giving, or withholding 
 praise, and, in regard to such matters, I shall not at- 
 tempt to antedate its decisions. 
 
 Gov. Paine was slightly known to me, in early life, 
 as an active, genial, vigorous youth, with greater in- 
 clination for enterprising adventure than for study. 
 He afterw^ard bore that character in his College course, 
 and through subsequent life. He was a boon and genial 
 companion, but he possessed uncommon power of self- 
 control. When others seized the cup of pleasure, and 
 sunk under the power of the draught, he but touch- 
 ed his lips, and resolutely and successfully refused to 
 yield to its temptations. Considering the position of 
 
 i 
 
37 
 
 his family, the habits of college, and of generous so- 
 ciety, at the period of his youth and early manhood, 
 no one can be other than surprised at the self-control, 
 the integrity of purpose, and the freedom from vicious 
 indulgence which characterized him. No company 
 kept him from an engagement, no present gratifica- 
 tion was allowed to trespass for a moment, on a pub- 
 lic, or a private duty. 
 
 On his return from College, as I have heard say, he 
 showed no inclination for professional study, but ask- 
 ed to enter upon the employments of practical life, 
 both to lessen the labors of his f ither, and to advance 
 his interests. This he was allowed to do, without 
 much thought that he would do otherwise than soon 
 grow weary of it, and call for a different mode of em- 
 plopnent. "I Avas greatly surprised" his father said, 
 "at the readiness Avith Avhich he took hold of labor, 
 the energy Avitli which he followed it, and the capacity 
 and completeness Avith Avhich he finished it. I found 
 he coidd do as much and as Avell, as I could in my 
 best days." Those of us, who live in Vermont, knoAV 
 that such a parent could scarcely give higher praise. 
 
 In connection Avith his father, and then Avith some 
 others, he Avas among the first, Avho introduced the 
 successful manufacture of Avoolen cloths on a large 
 scale, in this state. His Avliole attention and mind Avas 
 given to this for seA^eral years. He studied machine- 
 ry, and introduced various valuable improvements in 
 the Avorking of it, under his own eye. Although sel- 
 dom inclined to original invention, and perhaps could 
 not, in that respect be called an iuA^entive genius, he 
 
38 
 
 saw, often at a Lclance, the necessity and the method 
 of simplifymg what was hefore him. In this way, val- 
 uable suggestions were constantly dropping from his 
 lips. Herein he manifested that straightforward sim- 
 plicity of purpose and aim, which was a personal char- 
 act eristic of the man, and which is the principle ele- 
 ment of greatness alike in public, and in private life. 
 This employment led him, at an early day, to examine 
 the relation of the goyernment of the nation, to the 
 ]irogress of manufacture, and to the increase of pay 
 for labor. He became an earnest advocate for the pro- 
 tective policy, and, as his father had adopted the same 
 A'iews, their opinions aided much in producing that 
 unity of opinion, on that subject, which has so long 
 characterized this State. 
 
 He was two years Governor of the State. During 
 that period, there were no questions of great moment 
 agitated, or called into notice. His administration was 
 marked by no extraordinary events, but there was a 
 vigorous and constant watchfulness, which gave confi- 
 dence to all, tliat nothing: would be left undone. A 
 new system of keeping the accounts of the treasury, 
 and a more stringent method of accounting for the 
 pul)lic money was introduced in certain quarters, Avhich 
 gave accuracy and power to the public administration. 
 He also gave much and diligent attention to the su1)- 
 ject of a system of education for the state. No at- 
 tempt had been, at that time, made to organize a Board 
 of supervision of common schools. He examined the 
 subject carefuU}-, and wished to bind the existing parts 
 of the system into a harmonious whole. He Avished, if 
 possible, to infuse the culture of the highest institu- 
 
39 
 
 tions, into the lower and more dependent. He "would 
 have made the College, the Academy and the Com- 
 mon schools part and parcel of one system, and con- 
 nected them together by mutual relation, and thus 
 given harmony and unity to the present disjointed 
 scheme. He Avould have had the higher, the more 
 accurate, and the more comprehensive knowledge of 
 the college represented in the academy ; that of the 
 academy in the central school of the larger towns, and 
 that of the central in the small primary schools, in 
 the surrounding districts. In this wav, he believed 
 that the whole of the best culture of the state would 
 be made most available for the benefit of each and 
 every part of it. He Avas sad at finding that the ri- 
 valry of existing institutions, on the one hand, and 
 apathy, and indifterence, and ignorance on the other 
 rendered it impossible to accomplish any thing. Al- 
 ter attending one or two conventions for the purpose 
 of devising, and if possible of perfecting a system for 
 legislative action he thought nothing, but the attempt 
 to diffuse information, could then be done. He judg- 
 ed correctly as subsequent events have shown; Much 
 more, however, was accomplished by statistical inqui- 
 ry, and by examination of the best system of public 
 education, than the public have been aware of The 
 interest he took in the subject of education was deep, 
 strong and effective. He Avas many years one of the 
 most efficient members of the Corporation of the 
 University of Vermont. He was always present, and re- 
 mained to complete the business of the session. While 
 connected with it, he was certainly one of the wisest, 
 one of the most disinterested, and one of the most 
 sagacious of its guardians. He generously subscribed 
 
40 
 
 the sum of ten thousand dollars to complete a large 
 subscription for the universit}'^, if it should be necessa- 
 ry; and I knew it to have been his intention, in cer- 
 tain contingencies, to have connected his name per- 
 manently with that institution, as the founder of one 
 or more of its professorships. " Vermont has nour- 
 ished me in her bosom, he used to say, and I owe to 
 her character and her institutions much, very much 
 of what I am, and what I can be, and it is but due to 
 such relations, that I should help to sustain her high- 
 est institution of learning," 
 
 It so happened, that soon after the organization of 
 the Board of Directors of the A^ermont Central Rail- 
 road when Gov. Paine was President, I was quite un- 
 expectedly often placed in his society, and was early 
 made acquainted with his purposes, and occasionally 
 with his plans. The public relations he had sustained 
 to the state, and the deep interest he took in its pros- 
 perity, and the strong wish he had to remove the ob- 
 stacles, which its inland character presented to the in- 
 crease of its exchangeal^le wealth, seemed to him to 
 form a call of duty, which he was not at liberty to re- 
 fuse. He accepted of the position, which was urged 
 upon him. The disinterestedness with which this 
 was done, the patriotic feeling for Vermont in which 
 it was grounded, the belief that the population of the 
 state would be increased, and rendered more permor 
 nent; that the institutions. of learning would be more 
 widely useful, and that the influence and example of 
 the state woidd be more appreciated and felt, and thus 
 that the best interests of the community would be sub- 
 served, these, as the moving ideas and active thoughts 
 
41 
 
 of the man, certainly should command the regard, and 
 the unfeigned respect of every worthy citizen. He 
 soon met with miexpected rebuffs and dilficulties, and 
 I personally know that he onty overcame them by 
 such, and such-like considerations. 
 
 Many, very many, of his original wishes and plans 
 were thwarted by means and in ways, which he could 
 not personally control. And, in some things, doubt- 
 less the ardor of his feelings, and the quick and firm 
 determination of his will placed matters in an immove- 
 able position, which time and patience might have 
 otherwise accommodated. His opinion of the loca- 
 tion of the central portion of the road, was unequiv- 
 ocally sustained by the best corps of engineers, which 
 New England could then furnish. The decision is 
 now a matter of historic record, on which they have 
 staked their character, as professional men. 
 
 His wish, his expectations, and his plans for the 
 central point of communication, and of labor for the 
 road were arranged in his mind for another place, than 
 that where they were located, under circumstances 
 personally disagreeable to himself It was his origi- 
 nal purpose to have given to the capital of the State, 
 and its immediate vicinity, all the advantages which 
 it was possible for the head and central working of 
 ' the road to give. Whatever causes may have pre- 
 vented this, and changed the arrangements, they were 
 of a character not so much to impugn Gov. Paine's 
 disinterestedness, as to show his forecast respecting 
 the necessary demands, which the business of the road 
 would make for space and accommodation. I have 
 
already alluded to the conflicting opinions, Avhich have 
 existed, and Avhicli still exist, as to many of the de- 
 tails of that great work, in many of Avhich his longest 
 and most valuable friends differed from him, but which 
 it does not at all comport with my purpose to inquire 
 into. These should not, however, draw us away from 
 looking to him as the moving power in the great Avork, 
 nor from a due appreciation of his surprising forecast, 
 of his inflexible determination and of his unceasing ac- 
 tivity, in accomplishing it. 
 
 Circumstances do not chano-e the real, substantial 
 character of men, but they often present the charac- 
 ter in a single aspect, and give to that a prominence 
 which mars the harmony, which trul}' belongs to it. 
 It is only known to the public perhaps, by what they 
 happened to see, at a given time, or during a single 
 l)iisiness, and it is judged of accordingl}'. The under- 
 laying principles, or the interior aftections, and moral 
 feelings are quite hidden from the view. Few would 
 have thought Gov. Paine, remarkable, as he certainly 
 was, for parental reverence ; — that it was perhaps the 
 strongest affection of his heart, and the one, which ex- 
 ercised more controling influence in the formation of 
 most of his habits, than any other. One, who had been 
 acquainted with his flither, could see, in a moment 
 how this and that trait had been called forth and 
 strengthened, and filled with might, l^y filial reverence 
 sustained l)y frequent rememljrance and meditation 
 upon the lioman virtues of that just Judge. Indeed 
 A^ermont herself is far more indebted, than the present 
 ^^[cneration are aware of, for the integrity, the energy, 
 the open honesty, and the general truthfulness of the 
 
43 
 
 business habits of her people, to the long continued 
 and eminent example of that man, and such as he, 
 primus inter pares in these particulars, than perhaps 
 to any other external cause. 
 
 The Gov. was passionately attached to the memory, 
 and he strove to imitate the habits, and to exhibit the 
 character of his father. His domestic affections, being 
 shut out from ordinary family relations, clustered 
 about his parents, and he delighted to dwell upon the 
 truth loving integrity of the one, and the rich, genial, 
 humerous, and spicy character of the other. Although 
 formed for the stern vigor of battling enterprize, he 
 loved domestic quiet ; he rejoiced in the amenities, 
 the tender charities, and in the genial sympathies of 
 the household hearth ; and never did the blood flush 
 his face quicker, or his words become stronger, than 
 when respect, and rightful regard, and faithful pro- 
 tection was not awarded to the wife, and mistress of 
 a house. 
 
 He attached little importance to forms, and modes, 
 and professions of any kind. " What will you do ?" 
 " what will you be ?" Avere his questions ; not what 
 will you promise or profess. This connection of being 
 and doing in his mind nuide him averse to religious 
 professions, and at the same time tolerant of a pro- 
 foimd and thoughtftd religious life, even of the sterner 
 kind. But then it must be a true life, sustaining it- 
 self, not by its forms, but by its deep and thoughtful 
 meditation, or it did not gain his respect. Although 
 a different opinion has existed, in some places, still it 
 was true, that he respected and loved no religious 
 
44 
 
 teaching, but that which was direct, searching to the 
 heart, and demanding unequivocally a life of faith in 
 the Kedeemer. 
 
 He was cut down in the midst of his projected 
 schemes of usefulness. They were always extending 
 and enlarging. Still his ideal life was remarkably com- 
 bined with the plans and purposes of physical activity. 
 No imaginary prospect was too comprehensive for his 
 mental grasp, no physical obstacles could restrain his 
 ardent determmation to accomplish what to him appear- 
 ed practicable. He threw himself into the work with a 
 disinterested earnestness, and an absolute integrity, 
 that gave promise of success, where many would fail; 
 of final success even amid present failures, and dis- 
 couragement. Such men are needed for the progress 
 of a state. Such are needed to open to the public 
 mind a true view of its interests, and to prepare the 
 way for carrying them on to a successful issue, and 
 when they are removed from us, lights and leaders 
 are taken away. 
 
NM«* 
 
REMARKS 
 
 BY 
 
 HON. HEMAN CAHPENTEPv, 
 
 At a meeting of the citizens of Nortlifield, upon receiving intelligence of 
 the death of Ex. Gov. Paine. 
 
 Fellow Citizens : 
 
 We have assembled on this solemn and mournful 
 occasion, to express our emotions and mingle our sor- 
 rows, on account of the sad intelligence received of 
 the death of our fellow citizen, Ex. Gov. Paine, who 
 died at Waco, Texas, on the sixth ultimo. Since the 
 first intelligence was received of the illness of our 
 deceased friend, fearful anxiety has been depicted up- 
 on every countenance. But yesterday, the news of 
 his convalescence reached us, and hopes were enter- 
 tained of his recover}^, and again minglmg in soci- 
 ety ', to-day all is gloom and disappointment. 
 
 Death ! the grim messenger, has come near unto 
 us and removed him towards whom we have enter- 
 tained the highest respect, and to whom we are in- 
 debted, under Providence, for the growth and prosper- 
 ity of all around us. Under his fostering care and 
 guidance, our town has grown up to an eminence 
 which few in the state excel. 
 
 The loss of such a man is an iiTeparable one to us, 
 to the state, and, I may say, to the whole countr}'. 
 
48 
 
 ii 
 
 Pardon me, my friends, if I briefly refer you to 
 some of the prominent acts in the life of Gov. Paine, 
 which bespeak for him more praise than can any lan- 
 guage to which I can give utterance. 
 
 After graduating at Harvard University, he came 
 to Northfield to take charge of his father's factory. 
 He became a manuflicturer from necessity, and con- 
 tinued the business mitil the burning of his ftictoryin 
 March, 1848, a period of almost twenty -five years. 
 This business gave an impetus to the growth and pros- 
 perity of our town, for which we cannot be too thank- 
 ful. 
 
 By his influence and energy, the charter of the 
 Vermont Central Railroad was obtained, and to him 
 arc we indebted for the accomplishment of this stu- 
 pendous work. There is Ms momiment ! and when we 
 are dead and forgotten, then fresh in the memory of 
 the future will be his name, and as long as the iron 
 horse shall traverse our State, w^ill his name be re- 
 membered and cherished b}^ the honest and hardy 
 sons of the Green Mountain State. He gave an 
 impetus to the construction of other rail roads. 
 
 The Vermont and Canada Railroad, the Champlain 
 and St. Lawrence Rail road, and the Ogdensburgh 
 Rail road, are largel}' indebted to Gov. Paine for their 
 construction. By the l3uilding of these roads a 
 thoroughfare has been opened between the great 
 commercial city of New England and the far west, 
 and the metropolis of the Canadas. There is one inci- 
 
49 
 
 commercial city of New England and the far west, and 
 the metropolis of the Canadas. There is one inci- 
 dent in the history of the latter road, which may not 
 be generally known to this community, yet as it illus- 
 trates one of the prominent traits in Gov. Paine's 
 character, I cannot forbear to mention it here. 
 
 By a condition in the charter of that road, unless 
 a certain amount of stock was subscribed by a given 
 day it became forfeited. The friends of that enter- 
 prise, with all their efforts, up to the last point of 
 time, had failed of securing the requisite amount of 
 stock, hj one hundred thovsand dollars. Gov. Paine put 
 his name to the stock subscription, and subscribed the 
 requisite amount to save the charter, and which ulti- 
 mately secured the construction of the road. A 
 greater portion of this stock was subsequently prov- 
 ided for by the company; but for his subscription, the 
 charter would have became forfeited and the building 
 of the road would have been lost. It was a bold 
 stroke, and a hazardous experiment, but he knew no 
 fear. 
 
 In all his relations in life, he never shrunk from 
 responsibility, nor shunned the closest scrutiny. He 
 was a man fruitful in expedients. When denied a 
 charter for the construction of a bridge at Rouses 
 Point, by the Legislature of Vermont, he and his 
 friend Campbell devised the plan for the construction 
 of a boat at that point, which ansAvers all the pur- 
 pose ^ of a bridge. 
 
 Gov. Paine's last Railroad project, was the explora- 
 
50 
 
 tion of a Soiitliern route for the great Pacific Rail- 
 road. A mighty project ! but he had mind, and judg- 
 ment adequate to the undertaking. It was while ex- 
 ploring the country in Texas for this route that he 
 contracted the disease common to the climate ; and his 
 feeble constitution, weakened and reduced by gi-eat 
 efforts here among us, was not sufficient to with- 
 stand it. 
 
 He was an ardent friend of education. He con- 
 tributed liberally towards endowing the University of 
 Vermont, and we are indeljted to his liberal contribu- 
 tions for the erection of the Northfield Academy buil- 
 ding; and the success of our flourishing^ school. 
 
 He gave full evidence, while living, of his regard 
 for religion and the preaching of the Gospel. In 1836 
 he built this church and has given the use of it since 
 for the sustaining of preaching in this village. The 
 beautiful yard in front is an ornament to our vil- 
 lagre, and excites the admiration of strang-ers. It was 
 decorated with the choicest flowers by his o^\ii hands, 
 and is to become his final resting place. He was 
 no sectarian, 3^et many a poor servant of our Lord and 
 Master has been made glad with the good things of 
 this life, from his benevolent hands. 
 
 Fellow citizens, there are tAvo prominent features in 
 the character of our deceased friend, the mention of 
 Avhich well befits this occasion. I allude to his punctu- 
 ality and his scrupulous regard for truth and justice, 
 his business relations every thing was reduced to a 
 perfect system. Punctual to meet all his engagements, 
 
51 
 
 at all times, and under all circumstances, whatever he 
 promised was sure to be performed. Cautious and 
 confiding, he never censured rashly nor betraj^ed his 
 trust. Strongly attached to his friends ; towards those 
 who opposed him, he was fearless, bold and uncom- 
 promising. One secret of his great success, and of the 
 unbounded confidence he had attained, lies, in his high 
 sense of honor, and his scrupulous regard for jmike 
 and truth. He was an impregnable rock, to his assail- 
 ants, and a strong tower to his friends. 
 
 To us, fellow citizens, his loss is irreparable. No 
 man among us can fill his place. No one can do for 
 the community in which he lived, so much for its 
 prosperity and happiness. He lived to do good, andl 
 to benefit mankind. 
 
 The State of Vermont may well be proud of such 
 a man. He has left upon her soil unmistakeable evi- 
 dence of his greatness and usefulness. The numbers 
 here assembled on so short a notice, the deep grief de- ,; 
 picted upon every countenance, bespeak no ordinary 
 occurrence. Our common friend and benefactor is re- 
 moved from amonjx us. 
 
 '» 
 
 To me, this dispensation of Providerrco is over- 
 whelming. Language fails to express the deep emo- 
 tions that thrill through every nerve. He was my 
 friend when I needed a friend. For seventeen years I 
 enjoyed his intimate and uninterrupted acquaintance 
 and confidence. I see him now, as I last saw him, 
 when a few friends took him by the hand, and bade 
 him good bye, with tears in their eyes, as he left the 
 
52 
 
 station here in the cars for his journey south. The 
 words of one of those friends, as the train left, have 
 made an impression upon my mind that time will nev- 
 er efface. " That car carries more men from Northfield 
 than it will ever bring back," was the fearful behef of 
 us all when he left, and sadly true it has proved in- 
 deed. It carried the hving man, it can only bring 
 back his earthly remains. It carried him in whom 
 human nature can stand up before all the world and 
 say, '■^He was a man r 
 
REMARKS 
 
 HON. E. P. WALTON, JR., 
 
 At a meeting of the citizens of Nortbfield, upon receiving intelligence of 
 the death of Ex. Gov. Paine. 
 
 Yesterday, shortly after receiving the intelligence 
 which has fallen with crushing -weight upon you all, 
 I learned that the friends and neighbors of the late 
 Gov. Paine would meet to-day to express, in an hum- 
 ble manner, the respect for his memory and the sor- 
 row for his loss, which they are debarred, by his death 
 in a far distant state, from expressing in the accustom- 
 ed mode ; and it was kindly added, that as a personal 
 friend for many years of 3'our friend, it would be pro- 
 per for me to join with you. I cannot doubt that the 
 claims of friendship, no less than the injunction of 
 holy writ, enjoin me on this occasion, to " weep with 
 those that weep ;" nor that the confidence which has 
 often been reposed in me by Gov. Paine, in matters 
 of the highest importance to himself, to the great en- 
 terprize in which he has been long and ardently en- 
 gaged, and to the public, requires of me a tribute to 
 his memory. 
 
 I need not speak to you of your loss or your sor- 
 row — for you feel that there is no loss like your loss, 
 and no sorrow like your sorrow. 
 
fMK- immifimsmMita , 
 
 54 
 
 I need not speak to you of the personal character 
 of Gov. Paine — of his integrity, and his strict regard 
 for what he conceived to he just and honorable and 
 fit, in all his relations, public and private ; nor of his 
 reputation as a man of business — prompt, energetic, 
 enterprizing in the highest degree, and never Appalled 
 by any accidents however untoAvard, or any difficul- 
 ties however formidable ; nor of his relations to you 
 as a townsman — as pre-eminently, the source of 3'our 
 prosperity, the leader in every object for 3^our advance- 
 ment, and the most ready and bountiful contributor 
 to all your social, educational and religious institu- 
 tions. He was Ijorn in your immediate neighborhood ; 
 he has spent his life among you ; and though it has 
 added a keener pang to your grief that death has 
 stricken him down, far away from kindred and friends 
 and neio;hbors--with no accustomed hand to smooth 
 his dying l)ed— no accustomed voice to soothe his dy- 
 inof hours — no familiar friend to receive his last re- 
 quests, and no familiar faces to meet the final beam- 
 ing of the eye, and he to him " the last of earth," — it 
 is yet a consolation to remember, that here is a multi- 
 tude of friends Avho Avill ever do justice to his charac- 
 ter, cherish his reputation, and remember with grat- 
 itude the services and sacrifices of an active, useful 
 and eventful life. 
 
 I need not speak to you of his character as a pulj- 
 lic man — as Chief Magistrate for the brief term which 
 the late custom of our republican State has required, 
 or as a participant, out of official stations, in public 
 affairs ; for that character is known to the people, and 
 
 mm 
 
55 
 
 his reputation has long been established as one among 
 our most prominent and promising public men ; a 
 reputation seldom achieved, as he achieved it, at an 
 early age, and without aspiring to the graces of orato- 
 ry on the one hand, or on the other resorting to the 
 artifices of the demagogue. I will only say on this 
 point, what my familiar acquaintance with his politic- 
 al character and course requires me to say, that as a 
 politician he was remarkably patriotic, pure, high- 
 minded and honoraljle — that his policy ever embrac- 
 ed, as cardinal pomts, the reputation of the State, the 
 prosperity of all its institutions, and the welfare of 
 the people — and that he delighted to honor sound 
 principles, true wisdom, and personal integrity, where- I 
 ever he found them — whether in his party or out of 
 it — whether among the old or the 3'oung — and unhes- 
 itatingly availed himself of k\\ the advantages which 
 a free and liljcral intercourse with men of such char- 
 acteristics could give him. The 3'oungest man I think 
 in the Gubernatorial office in the State, I am sure 
 there was never any man who more highly esteemed 
 the cluims of age and wisdom, and experience, or was 
 more ready to distinguish and encourage whoever 
 among the young gave hopeful ^jromise of an honor- 
 able and successful public career. 
 
 What, then, shall I say to j^ou, who have known 
 him ; to you ^vho have been the witnesses of his life ; 
 to you who have esteemed him beyond all other men ; 
 to you who feel that you have lost more than a father 
 or a friend — lost both — lost all ? I can only say, it is fit 
 now for you to weep. Grief is the necessary burden 
 of tins day and of many days to you; but when the 
 
m 
 i 56 I 
 
 fountain of your tears shall fail — ^wlien you shall 
 become weary and worn because of your great grief, 
 then it will be fit for you to rejoice, that one has lived 
 so briefly, yet so well, and so honorably, so unremit- 
 tingly, and so successfully labored in important servi- 
 ces for his neighborhood, his State and his country — 
 that you feel his death an irreparable loss and a pub- 
 lic calamity. Weep now. It is good to weep. 
 
 My connection, in an official capacity, with Gov. 
 Paine, and my relations to him personally, from the 
 commencement of the great public work on which he 
 had staked his highest hopes, and to which I now feel 
 he sacrificed his life, I am aware will seem to justify 
 you in expecting that something will be said to-day 
 on that topic. The occasion is eminently a proper 
 one to do justice to his services and character in that 
 respect, and you well know that I would gladly con- 
 tribute my mite towards this ; but I too well under- 
 stand that no just verdict of public opinion can now 
 be taken. Eminently successful as that work has al- 
 ready been, in the point which I hesitate not to say 
 was altogether the chief one in the estimation of Gov. 
 Paine — ^I mean in facilitating intercourse, and thus 
 developing the resources and adding to the Avealth 
 and power, and influence of the people throughout 
 the vast territory which feels the influence of all the 
 railroads that have grown out of the establishment 
 of the Vermont Central, and which were embraced 
 in the calculations of its founders — I say, although in 
 this respect the work has been eminently successful, 
 and is worth the immense sum it has cost, it is never- 
 theless true, that in another and less important parti- 
 
57 
 
 cular, the work is regarded as being eminently disas- 
 trous, and the responsibility naturally is, and must be 
 for a time, cast upon him who was the acknowledged 
 chief of the undertaking. How far that responsibi- 
 lity justly attaches to him, is a question which re- 
 mains to be decided ; and however favorable my opin- 
 ion may be to his future fame, and however confident 
 my expectations, I know that an expression of the 
 opinions and expectations of any friend of Gov. Paine, 
 in advance of a full and true history of his admmis- 
 tration, would avail nothing in the settlement of that 
 question. I can say but little, therefore, upon this 
 subject, and that must be limited to a simple testimo- 
 nial to his character and purposes, which, from inti- 
 mate connection and free intercourse with him from 
 the beginning, I feel to be entirely just and fully due 
 to him on this occasion. 
 
 His ambition in that great undertaking was of a 
 character which the world justly esteems to be noble ; 
 he auned to win for himself an honorable public 
 name by rendering a great public service. However 
 much of direct personal advantage he naturally and 
 and properly may have expected from it, I am sure 
 that his chief purpose was to win an honorable name. 
 In the brightest days he looked joyfully to this re- 
 ward; and in the darkest, when every other hope seemed 
 to fail, this remained to solace him. It was on one of 
 these darkest days, and at a time when courage, hope 
 and health were all fiiling, that he said to me in his 
 familiar mode of conveivation ; " Well, Walton, what- 
 ever may become of the corporation, thc}^ cannot rob 
 us of the road ! It is done — it will be run. — and the 
 
 h. 
 
m 
 58 
 
 people will at any rate reap the blessings which we 
 designed. Oh ! if it were not for that, I really be- 
 lieve I should die." 
 
 This honorable ambition absorbed him, and he look- 
 ed to the result as certain, l)ecause he never had a 
 douljt that the developed resources of the state, and 
 the opening of the avenues of communication through 
 the whole of the Northern section of the Union, would 
 render the enterprize in every sense successful. So 
 no sacrifice seemed to him too large, no cost too great, 
 I no haste too urgent, if so be it appeared essential ei- 
 ther to a speedy completion of the undertaking, or to 
 secure for it important advantages, present or ultimate 
 within his reach, I say ultimate advantages, for Gov. 
 Paine was a man of large views, and his eye was 
 oftener cast far ahead upon some great eminence, 
 through toils' and perils to be achieved, than upon the 
 quiet landscape at his feet. He was more apt to dis- 
 cern great things, and design great works, than to 
 mark out the thousand little details, which all, however 
 humble each in itself ma}^ be, are essential to the per- 
 fection and beauty of the whole structure. Of the ul- 
 timate success of this enterprise he had no doubt ; and 
 Avhen present difficulties and pressing demands seemed 
 appalling to those who had not estimated future re- 
 sults, he flattered himself that the end would in the 
 judgmentof all, be for him a perfect justification. As- 
 sociates, some of them, equally sanguine with himself^ 
 and influenced perhaps, by his high hopes, were not 
 the best advisers for him under these circumstances ; 
 and doubtless from this source, as from other sources 
 for which Gov. Paine was far less responsible, if respon- 
 
sib'l'e at all, grew errors of judgment. Himself placing 
 the highest estimate upon the enterprise as a public 
 work, deserving the support of the public ; himself 
 confident of his success — so confident that he more 
 than once staked his fortune upon it, by his personal 
 obligations and by using for it all his a^'ailable means, 
 he perhaps too strongly trusted that there were enough 
 of other men, with equally enlarged views and larger 
 means, who would Ijc as confident and as liberal as 
 himself. Himself a man of integrity he too much con- 
 fided in the integrity of others. There was too, the 
 rivalry of competing lines, and the dif]ftculty of com- 
 flicting interests, both local and at large — all tending 
 to exasj)erate the feelings and bias the judgment of 
 those concerned ; and to all this must be subjoined 
 the great fact that the finances of the Company a\ ere 
 administered in Boston by various heads, while the 
 work of construction only was submitted to the im- 
 mediate inspection of the President. It is not won- 
 derful then, if G ov. Paine committed errors ; he ^^ould 
 have been more than mortal if he had not. It is not 
 wonderful if he is for the present held responsible for 
 flir more than are justly chargealde to him. Time 
 will bring a just verdict. But this testimony I freely 
 bear on this solemn occasion, and I feel that you, at 
 least, the townsmen of Gov. Paine, will not doubt my 
 sincerity : in all his course I know of no stain upon 
 his honor ; and in all his course I know of no act which 
 I have reason to suppose was intentionally wrong ; in 
 all his course, I know of no instance in Avliich I have 
 reason to doubt that he was persuaded that his action 
 was entirely consistent with the great interests com- 
 mitted to liis trust, and with his own iDcrsonal reputa- 
 
 II » 
 
60 
 
 tion ; and as the result of his unwearied efforts in this 
 enterprise, I trust the day will come, for which he 
 longed, but which in the Providence of God he can 
 never see — when his name will be honorably record- 
 ed in the history of his state and country, as a public 
 man above reproach, and a great public benefactor. 
 
— ^— — — i— — — i^— ^ 
 61 
 
 VERMONT CENTRAL RAILROAD CO. ^ 
 
 In Director's Meeting Aug. 25th, 1853. | 
 
 " Resolved, That this Board has with deep sorrow received intel- 
 ligence of the death of the Hon. Charles Paine, late President of this 
 Company, and in consideration of his indefatigable and important seniees 
 in originating and sustaining the corporation, and of his honorable char- 
 acter as its chief officer, we deem the event, a suitable one for the official 
 action of the Boai-d. 
 
 " Resolved, That in token of our individual respect and regard, 
 and the high estimation in which we hold the character and memory of the 
 deceased, we will in a body attend his funeral obsecjuies. 
 
 " Resolved, That the President be empowered and requested to 
 furnish free passes to the relatives, and friends of the deceased, for the pur 
 'pose of attending his funeral at Northfield on the 1st instant. 
 A true Copy from the Record, 
 
 E. P. WALTON, Jr., Clerk. 
 
 >« 
 
G2 
 
 \ 
 
 The " Committee of Arrangment" acknowledge the receipt of letters 
 trom tlic following gentlemen, tendering their sympathies to the relatives 
 and fiiends of Hon. Charles Paine, and regretting imperative that duties- 
 mxist occasion their non attendance at his funeral obsequies. 
 
 His Excellexcy ERASTUS FAIRBANKS, 
 
 R. BRUCE, Esq., Secretary, to the Gov. General of Canada. 
 
 PLINY II. WHITE, Esq., 
 
 HUGH H. HENRY, Esq., 
 
 JAMES M. FERRIES, Esq., 
 
 JOHN L. BUCK, Esq., 
 
 JAMES BARRETT, Esq., 
 
 Ex-Gov. H. HUBBARD. 
 
 Samuel W. Thayer, Jr., "] 
 
 John Gregory, 
 
 Moses Rorinson, \ ^ 
 
 TT n /- CommiUee. 
 
 Heman Carpenter, | 
 
 Perley Belknap, I 
 
 Elijah Smith, J . 
 
COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. 
 
 SAMUEL W. THAYER, Jr., 
 JOHN GREGORY, 
 MOSES ROBINSON. 
 IIEMAN CARPENTER, 
 PERLEY BELKNAP, 
 ELIJAH SMITH, 
 
 NoRTHFiELD, Dec. 16, 1353, 
 
 t. 
 
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 < f cdc cc 
 
 r^jL <9C C 
 
 9C C^CX C 
 
 <d cCCc c 
 
 «3r Cd c c ^ 
 CCC ' 
 
 C Cdc C 
 cc ccc c <_ 
 cc Cdc C d 
 
 ^ ^cc c d 
 c cd^ d 
 
 <c dC c ^ 
 
 . "^^ C d? C<2 
 5 <- c dec tc 
 
 Ccc ^ ceo 
 S <^ c dc<: «• 
 CCC CC^ ccc 
 
 cc d mi 
 
 Ice «:< 
 
 c c do 
 X c dc 
 
 ^c c d 
 <:^ c d 
 Ccc d 
 
 C^c d 
 Cc c d 
 
 c c <: 
 
 ^ C C 
 - c c 
 
 C ( ^* 
 <\ c c 
 
 fe C 0^ 
 
 «:<< c c 
 ccccc C c 
 
 <«c«:cc C <- 
 CCCCC C< 
 
 (i^"^ C Cc 
 cccc C 
 
 CCC cc 
 
 «< c *^ 
 
 <8:c 
 
 <6CC 
 
 CC5. d^