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THE 
 
 N.H. Federal Convention, 
 1788. 
 
THE OLD NORTH MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
\xxi\i 0f t^t Jf^b^ral Constifittion. 
 
 A HISTORY 
 
 New ^ampsljtre Contjention 
 
 FOR THE INVESTIGATION, DISCUSSION, AND DECISION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FEDERAL CONSTITUTION: 
 
 AND OF THE 
 
 Old Hor^TH GQeeiting-P^ousb 
 
 OF CONCORD, 
 
 In which it was Ratified by the Ninth State, and thus 
 
 Rendered Operative, at one o'clock p. m., on 
 
 Saturday, the 2ist day of June, 
 
 17S8. 
 
 BY JOSEPH B. WAL 
 
 And sovereign law, that state's collected ' 
 
 O'er thrones and globes elate, 
 Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. 
 
 — Sir William y ones. 
 
 BOSTON : 
 
s^"^ 
 
 Copyright : 
 By JOSEPH B. WALKER 
 
i 
 
 V 
 
 TO THE 
 
 HONORABLE GEORGE W. NESMITH, LL.D. 
 
 FOR SIXTY-THREE YEARS A MEMBER OF 
 
 THE NEW HAMPSHIRE BAR, 
 
 AND A LIFE-LONG FRIEND OF THE 
 
 GREAT EXPOUNDER 
 
 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING ACCOUNT OF THE 
 
 N. H. FEDERAL CONVENTION 
 
 IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 
 
 BY HIS SINCERE FRIEND, 
 
 JOSEPH B. WALKER. 
 
 Concord, N. H., Nov. i, iSS8. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 All interest awakened by the centennial anniversary 
 of the ratification by New Hampshire of the Constitu- 
 tion of tlie United States prompted the preparation of 
 this account of our Federal Convention.^ 
 
 Two facts render its proceedings particularly memo- 
 rable, viz., — 
 
 1. In our Convention ratification received its first check. 
 A thorough knowledge of the former policy of British 
 rule under the Georges, and of the selfish administra- 
 tions of their provincial governors, had rendered our 
 forefathers cautious, when asked to surrender to a 
 superior central power a portion of the rights which 
 they had acquired by a profuse expenditure of blood 
 and treasure. Moreover, the public sentiment of the 
 state was averse to slavery,^ gradually dying out within 
 its own limits, and any national provision conservative 
 of that institution did not command a wide approval. 
 Then, too, the inhabitants of New Hampshire were, at 
 
 1 The New Hampshire Histor- 
 ical Society celebrated this an- 
 niversary at Concord, on the 
 21st day of June, 1888, by an 
 address by Hon. James W. Pat- 
 terson, at the Opera House, in 
 the forenoon, which was follow- 
 ed in the afternoon by a dinner 
 
 and appropriate post-prandial 
 speeches, many of which were 
 made by distinguished guests 
 of the society from other states. 
 
 2 Slavery died a natural death 
 in New Hampshire. It was nev- 
 er formally abolished by statute. 
 
VUl PREFACE. 
 
 this time, almost wholly an agricultural people. Its 
 short coast line afforded but one harbor, and its impor- 
 tant water-powers were still unimproved. Its virgin 
 soil yielded to its hardy occupants a satisfactory sup- 
 port, and these felt but little the need of a stronger 
 general government. 
 
 2. But for this check New Hampshire tvould have been 
 the seventh state to ratify the Federal Constitution, and 
 the honor of being the ninth and thereby/ completing the 
 number required to render operative its provisions would 
 have attached to another. Discouraging as this check 
 at first proved to the Federalists throughout the coun- 
 try, it afterwards secured to New Hampshire a distinc- 
 tion which but one only of the thirteen states could 
 possibly enjoy — a distinction which the citizens of New 
 Hampshire ought always to appreciate and never under- 
 value. 
 
 Of the fact that the history of our Federal Conven- 
 tion is worthy of a more exhaustive examination than 
 any which it has yet received, no one is more fully 
 aware than the author of this volume. If its publication 
 shall contribute in any degree to the attainment of this 
 end, the most important object of its issue will have 
 been accomplished. ; 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 The grandest period of American history. — A new nation. — Need 
 of a stronger government. — Brevity of the Joiu'nal of the Con- 
 vention. — Few reports of speeches of members preserved. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE MEMBERS OF THE CONVENTION. 
 
 Names of delegates from the several towns and places. — Biograph- 
 ical sketches of prominent members. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 FIRST SESSION OF THE CONVENTION. 
 
 Examination and discussion of the Constitution. — Ratification 
 found impossible. — Adjournment to a future day proposed, 
 opposed, and carried. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 DURING THE INTERIM. 
 
 Friends of the Constitution at first disappointed by the adjourn- 
 ment. — Progress of ratification in other states. — Efforts of the 
 Federalists during the recess. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 SECOND SESSION OF THE CONVENTION. 
 
 General interest in its proceedings. — First and second days. — Ap- 
 pointment of a committee to propose amendments. — Mr. 
 Atherton's motion to ratify conditionally defeated. — Judge 
 
X coNTE:srTS. 
 
 Livermore's motion. — Motion to adjourn defeated. — The main 
 question put. — The final vote. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 CLOSING WORK OF THE CONVENTION. 
 
 The formal announcement to Congress of its action by the Con- 
 vention. — The leaders of the two parties. 
 
 CHAPTER Vn. 
 
 EFFECTS OF THE NEWS OF RATIFICATION BY THE NINTH STATE. 
 
 Celebrations and rejoicings at Portsmouth, Boston, Salem, Provi- 
 dence, Newport, and elsewhere. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THE OLD NORTH MEETING-HOUSE OF CONCORD. 
 
 Frame. — Raising. — Dimensions. — Location. — Seats. — Proprietors. 
 Bow controversy. — Completion. — Pews. — Pulpit. — Gallery. — 
 Singing-seats. — Horse-block. — Sale of pews. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE OLD NORTH MEETING-HOUSE — CONCLUDED. 
 
 Enlargement. — Bell. — First bell-ringer. — Toleration Act. — Sale of 
 town's interest in the house and bell. — Remodelling of pews. 
 — Occupancy by the New Hampshire Constitutional Conven- 
 tions of 1778, 1781, and 1791, and by the General Court in 
 1782 and subsequently. — Introduction of stoves. — Election 
 sermons. — Its abandonment as a house of worship, and its 
 conversion to a Methodist theological seminary. — Its destruc- 
 tion by fire. 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS, 
 
 Page. 
 Fac-simile of the Heading of the account 
 
 IN THE New Hampshire Gazette of the 
 
 Celebration at Portsmouth, on the 26th 
 
 DAY of June, 1788, of the Ratification 
 
 of the Constitution 56 
 
 Old North Meeting-House ..... 65 
 
 Pulpit ■ . 74 
 
 Horse-Block 79 
 
 Plan of Gallery 84 
 
 Plan of First Floor 92 
 
ClIAPTEK I. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 The grandest period of American hisUrry. A. 
 new nation. Need of a stronger government. 
 Brevity of the Journal of the Convention. 
 Few reports of speeches of members jrreserved. 
 
 The grandest period in American history is, 
 perhaps, all things considered, that during which 
 the thirteen colonies raised themselves from a 
 condition of royal dependence to that of a sta- 
 ble nationality. It began with the assembling 
 of the Continental Congress, on the fifth day of 
 September, 1774, and ended with the ratification 
 of the Federal Constitution by ^NTew Hampshire, 
 as the ninth state, on the twenty-first day of 
 June, 1788. It embraces the Kevolutionary 
 struggle with England, and the subsequent sur- 
 render, by thirteen jealous state sovereignties, 
 to a common central organization, of such of 
 
Z INTKODUOTOEY. 
 
 their political powers as were requisite for the 
 formation of an efficient national government. 
 
 The adoption of the Federal Constitution by 
 nine independent states was the creation of a 
 new nation, not by slow, successive develop- 
 ments, but rather by a single joint act of popular 
 power. By this a new-born government sprang 
 at once into perfect existence, as had formerly 
 the fabled Minerva from the head of Jove. As 
 they witnessed this sublime achievement, the 
 friends of human freedom might have said, as 
 did Pope Paul the Third of the creation of the 
 Order of Jesus, " The finger of God is in it." 
 
 Previous experience, dui'ing their struggle for 
 independence, had revealed to the several states 
 the necessity of a stronger union than that of 
 a common interest or friendly sympathy, and 
 secured to them the Articles of Confederation. 
 These, strengthened by constant external dan- 
 ger, answered in a measure their purpose until 
 the advent of peace revealed their weakness, and 
 the necessities of an expanding nation demanded 
 a bond of greater strength. 
 
 This was found in due time in the Federal 
 Constitution, which had been drafted by a Con- 
 vention, assembled for the purpose, at Philadel- 
 
ES^TRODUCTORY. 6 
 
 phia, in May, 1787,^ and reported to congress on 
 the twenty-eighth day of the following Septem- 
 ber, which body, shortly after, referred the qnes- 
 tion of its adojition to the people of the several 
 states. 
 
 To detail N^ew Hampshire's part in the ratifi- 
 cation of this great instrument has been at- 
 tempted in the following pages — a part Avhich 
 has given to her a glory which will never grow 
 dim, but, rather, brighter and more bright, as 
 American nationality expands, and as the great 
 principles which it embodies are more extensive- 
 ly welcomed by other peoples in other lands. 
 
 It is to be^._regretted that the Journal of the 
 Federal Convention of IS^^ew Hampshire is so 
 very brief. It records not the proceedings, l^ut 
 the_results only of the proceedings, and gives 
 no idea wiiatever of the" character of the debates 
 >¥hicli-led to thent? Its two sessions occupied a 
 period of ten days at Exeter, and another of four 
 days at Concord. Exclusive of the roll of mem- 
 bers, the-^^cretary^B record covers but ten and 
 
 ^The Federal Convention held The delegates from New Hamp- 
 its first session on the fourteenth shire were John Langdon of 
 day of May, 1787, and was dis- Portsmouth, and Nicholas Gil- 
 solved on the seventeenth day man of Exeter, 
 of September of the same year. 
 
 ^^ 
 
4: H^TEODUCTOBY. 
 
 one third printed pages of the tenth volume of 
 the 'New Hampshire Provincial and State 
 Papers. It does not afford a report of any de- 
 bate, not even of a single speech or the sub- 
 stance of one. In fact, in all his searchings, the 
 writer has discovered an authentic report of but 
 one speech made in the Convention, viz., that of 
 Governor Sullivan upon the subject of the juris- 
 diction of the federal courts, which Mr. Thomas 
 C. Amory has quoted from the Freeman'' s Ora- 
 cle of March 7, 1788, in his valuable life of that 
 gentleman.^ There is reason to suppose that the 
 speech attributed to Col. Ebenezer Webster was 
 written out from tradition, by a hand other than 
 his own, long after the Convention. The same 
 may perhaps be true of the one credited to Hon. 
 Joshua Atherton, upon the subject of slavery, 
 which was printed by George Barstow, in his 
 History of N&w Hampshire, in 1842. In his 
 memoir of his father, Hon. Charles H. Atherton 
 remarks that it may have been published at the 
 time in Melcher^s JSTew Hampshire Gazette; but 
 an examination of the file of that paper for 1788 
 has not revealed it. So far as the author of this 
 chapter knows, it appeared for the first time in 
 
 iLife of Gen. John Sullivan, pp. 230 and 231. 
 
INTRODUCTORY. O 
 
 print in the Nen^ HamjysMre Statesman for July 
 7, 1827. 
 
 If an account of the proceedings of the Con- 
 vention be sought in the ]N"ew Hampshire news- 
 papers of the time, it will be found that these, 
 few in number and of limited dimensions, con- 
 tain but little of the information sought. Yet 
 something may be gleaned from them regarding 
 the state of public opinion among the most 
 prominent citizens of the state. The New 
 Hamj)shire Gazette contains a series of articles 
 in which " Fabius " ably discusses the merits of 
 the proposed Constitution. The student of the 
 Convention will find the Massachusetts papers 
 quite as helpful as those of our own state. From 
 biographical notices of members, and from town 
 and other histories, facts may often be gleaned 
 of much importance. In short, the materials for 
 a satisfactory account of this memorable assem- 
 bly are to be obtained only by much research. 
 They will often bp found where least expected, 
 and are by no means abundant. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE MEMBERS OF THE CONVEI^TIOIsr. 
 
 Names of Delegates from the several towns and 
 places. Biograjphical Shetches of prominent 
 members. 
 
 The IS^ew Hampshire Convention, " for the 
 Investigation, Discussion, and Decision of the 
 Federal Constitution," assembled at the court- 
 house, in Exeter, on Wednesday, the thirteenth 
 day of February, A. D. 1788. 
 
 The population of the state at that time num- 
 bered about one hundred and thirty-four thou- 
 sand.^ One hundred and thirteen delegates were 
 returned to the Convention from one hundred 
 and seventy-five towns and places. It appears 
 by the Journal that one of these, Mr. JN^athaniel 
 Ladd, of Epping, never took his seat; and that 
 Haverhill, Piermont, Warren, Coventry, Lin- 
 
 ^ Belknap's History of New Hampshire, vol. 3, p. 236. 
 
MEMBERS. i 
 
 coin, and Franconia were unrepresented at the 
 first session, and Lee, Peterborough, Society 
 Land, Hancock, Antrim, Deering, and Hinsdale 
 at the second. 
 
 Each town was usually represented by one 
 delegate. Portsmouth, however, sent three and 
 Londonderry two, while in some instances sev- 
 eral small towns or places joined and sent but 
 one, as in the case of Holderness, Campton, and 
 Thornton, represented by Judge Samuel Liver- 
 more. 
 
 The names of these towns and places, and of 
 their delegates as shown by the Journal of the 
 Convention, were as follows : 
 
 Names of towns and places Names of delegates to the Vote of each on 
 
 represented. Convention. Ratification. 
 
 Portsmouth, John Langdon, Esq^i y. 
 
 1 John Langdon, Esq., one of and speaker of the house of [.^^"'^ 
 
 New Hampshire's most distin- representatives, N. H., 1776 and 
 
 guished citizens, was born in 1777 ; he forwarded the expedi- 
 
 Portsmouth, 1740; son of John tion, under Gen. Stark, to cut 
 
 L. and grandson of Tobias off Burgoyne's march, 1777 ; 
 
 Langdon. He was one of the judge of the court of common 
 
 party which seized Fort William pleas ; in 1779 he was continen- 
 
 and Mary, at New Castle, 1774, tal agent in New Hampshire for 
 
 and carried away the powder building of public ships; and 
 
 and military stores ; a delegate again delegate to congress in 
 
 to the Continental Congress in 1783. Li 1784-85 he was a 
 
 1775 and 1776 ; representative member of the N. H. senate, and 
 
« 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 Names of towns and 
 
 places Names of delegates to the Vote of each on 
 
 represented. 
 
 Convention. Ratification. 
 
 Portsmouth, 
 
 John Pickering, Esq^".^ y. 
 
 u 
 
 Pierce Long, Esq"". y. 
 
 Exeter, 
 
 • John Taylor Oilman, Esq^^ y. 
 
 in the latter year was president 
 of the state, and in November, 
 1788, was elected senator of the 
 United States, and was the first 
 president pro tem. of that body 
 under the Federal Constitution. 
 He was senator two terms. 
 From 1805 to 1808, and again in 
 1810, he was governor of the 
 state. Governor Langdon was 
 eminent for his personal digni- 
 ty, his patriotism, his capacity 
 for offices of high honor and 
 trust, and for his religious rev- 
 erence and devotion. He was 
 a member of the first church in 
 Portsmouth. An excellent por- 
 trait of him is in the council- 
 chamber of the state. He died 
 Sept. 18, 1819, aged 78. — Prov. 
 and State Papers, vol. x, p. 8. 
 
 1 John Pickering, Esq., was a 
 native of Newington ; graduated 
 at Harvard college in 1761, and 
 having devoted some time to 
 theological studies, was offered 
 the rectorship of an Episcopal 
 church in England. He .declin- 
 ed, and applied himself to the 
 study of the law, in which he 
 became eminent. He was attor- 
 
 ney-general, 1786 ; was a lead- 
 ing member of the Convention, 
 1791-2 ; repeatedly a member of 
 the legislature ; president of the 
 senate in 1789 ; and governor, 
 ex officio, of the state, on the 
 election of Governor John Lang- 
 don to the senate of the United 
 States. In 1790 he was appoint- 
 ed chief-justice of the superior 
 court, which office he held five 
 years. He was afterwards dis- 
 trict judge of the United States. 
 He received the degree of LL. D. 
 from Harvard and Dartmouth 
 colleges. He died April 11, 
 1805, aged 67. — Prov. and State 
 Papers, vol. x, p. 30. 
 
 2 John Taylor Gilman, Esq., of 
 Exeter, was the son of Nicholas 
 Gilman, who married Ann Tay- 
 lor, a daughter of Rev. John 
 Taylor, of Milton, Mass. He 
 was born Dec. 19, 1753. With 
 only the advantages of a com- 
 mon academic education, he rose 
 to distinction in all the public 
 offices of the state. The morn- 
 ing after the news of the battle 
 of Lexington, he marched as a 
 volunteer with a hundred others 
 

 MEMBERS. 
 
 y 
 
 Names of towns and places Names of delegates to the 
 
 Vote of each on 
 
 represented. 
 
 Convention. 
 
 Ratification. 
 
 Londonderry, 
 
 CoP Daniel Runnels,' 
 
 n. 
 
 b( 
 
 Archib'^ McMurphy, Esq^ 
 
 n. 
 
 Chester, 
 
 Mr. Joseph Blanchard, 
 
 y- 
 
 Newington, 
 
 Benjamin Adams, Esq^ 
 
 y- 
 
 Greenland, 
 
 Dr. Ichabod Weeks, 
 
 y- . 
 
 Rye, 
 
 Mr. Nathan Goss, 
 
 y- 
 
 New Castle, 
 
 Henry Prescutt, Esq'". 
 
 y- 
 
 North Hampton, 
 
 Rev'^^ Benj'^. Thurston,i 
 
 y- 
 
 Hampton, 
 
 Christopher Toppan, Esq^ 
 
 y- 
 
 Hampton Falls 
 
 
 
 & Seabrook, 
 
 ReV^ Sami. Langdon,^ 
 
 y- 
 
 Stratham, 
 
 Mr. Jon^ Wiggin, 
 
 y- 
 
 Kensington, 
 
 Jeremiah Fogg, Esq^ 
 
 y- 
 
 to Cambridge. In 1782 he was 
 a member of congress ; in 1783, 
 treasurer of the state, and again 
 in 1791-93. He filled the office 
 of governor from 1794 to 1805; 
 ■was again elected in 1813, 1814, 
 and 1815. His long and use- 
 ful services were gratefully ac- 
 knowledged by the legislature 
 in a farewell address. Political- 
 ly he wask nown as a Federalist. 
 He died in Exeter, September, 
 1828, aged 74. — Prov. and State 
 Papers, vol. x, p. 9. 
 
 iRev. Benjamin Thurston was 
 the fourth pastor of the church 
 of North Hampton. He was 
 born at Bradford, Mass., in 1750, 
 and graduated at Harvard col- 
 lege in 1774. He was ordained 
 
 November 2, 1785, and contin- 
 ued his pastorate of this church 
 about fifteen years, at the expi- 
 ration of which period he re- 
 signed the position, and was dis- 
 missed October 27, 1800. He is 
 said to have died near Raleigh, 
 N. C, about 1804. 
 
 2 Rev. Samuel Langdon, D. D., 
 of Hampton Falls, was first set> 
 tied over the North church at 
 Portsmouth, twenty-seven years. 
 He was afterwards elected to the 
 office of president of Harvard 
 college, which he held from 1774 
 to 1780. Eminent for learn- 
 ing, patriotism, and piety, he 
 deceased Nov. 29, 1797, aged 
 75. — Prov. and State Papers, 
 vol. X, p. 9. 
 
10 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 Names of towns and places 
 represented. 
 
 Names of delegates to the 
 Convention. 
 
 Vote of each on 
 Ratification. 
 
 S. Hampton & 
 
 East Kingstown, Mr. Benj*^ Clough, n 
 
 Kingstown, Hon' Josiah Bartlett, Esq^l y 
 
 Brentwood, Doc*. Thomas Stow Ranney, y 
 
 Epping, Mr. Nath^ Ladd, 
 
 New Market, NatW Rogers, Esq"^. y 
 
 Nottingham, Tho^ Bartlett, Esq^'. ^ y 
 
 ^Hon. Josiah Bartlett, Esq., 
 takes rank with the most emi- 
 nent of New Hampshire's sons. 
 He was born in Amesbni'y, Mass., 
 in 1729, — son of Stephen Bart- 
 lett. In his profession of med- 
 icine he acquired distinction, 
 but was called from a successful 
 practice to fill offices of trust 
 and honor in the state and in 
 the national congress. He was 
 one of the signers of the Decla- 
 ration of Independence, July, 
 1776 ; chief-justice of the court 
 of common pleas (N. H.) 1779; 
 justice of the superior court, 
 1784, — chief-justice in 1788. In 
 1790 he was chosen by the leg- 
 islature president of Xew Hamp- 
 shire, and in 1791 he was elect- 
 ed to the same office by the peo- 
 ple ; and, under the revised con- 
 stitution, he was chosen gov- 
 ernor, 1792. He was the chief 
 original founder and president 
 of the j^Tew Hampshire Medical 
 Society, 1791. He died May 19, 
 
 1795, aged 65. — Prov, and State 
 Papers, vol. x, p. 9. 
 
 " Thomas Bartlett, Esq., of 
 Nottingham, was among the 
 leading patriots of Rockingham 
 county. Aside from offices of 
 minor grade, he was captain of 
 tte 5th company of " six weeks 
 men " at Winter Hill in 1775 ; 
 lieutenant-colonel in Col. Gil- 
 man's regiment at Rhode Is- 
 land in 1778 ; from May, 1778, 
 to January, 1779, a member of 
 the Committee of Safety; colo- 
 nel of one of the New Hamp- 
 shire regiments for the defence 
 of West Point in 1780. Under 
 the law of 1792 he was made 
 brigadier-general of the third 
 brigade of New Hampshire 
 militia. He was representative 
 to the fourth Provincial Con- 
 gress, at Exeter, May, 1775, and 
 one of the committee to remove 
 the public records from Ports- 
 mouth to Exeter, in June, 1775. 
 
MEMBERS. 
 
 11 
 
 Names of towns and places 
 represented. 
 
 Names of delegates to the 
 Convention. 
 
 Vote of each on 
 Ratification. 
 
 Deerfield, Doc*. Edm^ Chadwick, 
 
 Northwood, Epsom 
 
 & Allenstown, Maj^ James Gray, 
 
 Chichester & 
 
 Benj'^ Sias, Esq*". 
 Col« Jer«. Clough, 
 Mr. Charles Glidden, 
 Mr. Jon*^ Smith, 
 Cap*. Benj* Emery, 
 Samuel Daniels, Esq^ 
 Mr. Stephen Fifield, 
 
 Pittsfield, 
 Canterbury, 
 Northfield, 
 Loudon, 
 Concord, 
 Pembroke, 
 Candia, 
 Raymond & 
 
 Poplin,^ 
 Hawke^ & San 
 
 down, 
 Hampstead, 
 
 Mr. Thomas Chase, 
 
 Mr. Nehemiah Sleeper, 
 John Calfe, Esq^'.^ 
 
 n. 
 n. 
 
 y- 
 
 n. 
 n. 
 
 n. 
 
 n. 
 
 n. 
 J- 
 
 After the Revolution he was 
 speaker of the house of repre- 
 sentatives and justice of the 
 court of common pleas. He 
 died June 30, 1807, aged 59. 
 — Prov. and State Papers, vol. 
 10, p. 9. 
 
 1 Fremont. 
 
 2 Danville. 
 
 3 John Calfe was, in some re- 
 spects, a very remarkable man. 
 Few were so generally known 
 throughout the state, and no 
 one was more highly esteemed. 
 He was born at Newbury, Mass., 
 on the 13th of June, 17-41. He 
 
 removed to Hampstead in 1762. 
 The next year he became a 
 member of the church, and ten 
 years later was elected a deacon. 
 He was an under officer in one 
 of the French and Indian wars, 
 and was in active service about 
 Lake Champlain. At a later 
 period he was a captain and 
 subsequently a major in the 
 army of the Revolution. From 
 May 28, 1778, to June 5, 1779, 
 and from Jan. 22, 1780, to May 
 28, 1784, he was a member of 
 the Committee of Safety. He 
 was secretary of the New Hamp- 
 shire Convention called to con- 
 
rz 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 
 Names of towns and 
 represented. 
 
 places Names of delegates to 
 the Convention. 
 
 Vote of each on 
 Ratification. 
 
 Atkinson & 
 
 
 
 Plastow, 
 
 Col°. Benj* Stone, 
 
 n. 
 
 Salem, 
 
 L*. Thomas Dow, 
 
 n. 
 
 Newtown, 
 
 Cap*. Robert Steward, 
 
 n. 
 
 Wyndham, 
 
 Pelham, 
 
 Dover, 
 
 James Bettan, Esq^ 
 Rev*^ Amos Moody, 
 Doc*. Ezra Green,^ 
 
 J- 
 J- 
 
 J- 
 
 Durham, 
 
 Excy John Sullivan, Esq^ 
 
 " J- 
 
 sider the ratification of the Fed- 
 eral Constitution, and in 1791- 
 92 held the same office in the 
 convention for the revision of 
 the state constitution. For 
 twenty-five years he was a jus- 
 tice of the court of common 
 pleas for the county of Rocking- 
 ham, and for a like period was 
 clerk of the New Hampshire 
 house of representatives. He 
 was emphatically a man of the 
 people. He was honest, capa- 
 ble, and judicious. An old wi'i- 
 ter has remarked that "no man 
 more sacredly regarded the will 
 of the people than he." He died 
 at Hampstead, October 30, 1808, 
 aged 67. — Compiled from F. and 
 Moore's Hist. Col. 
 
 ^Dr. Ezra Green, of Dover, 
 was born in Maiden, Mass.; 
 graduated at Harvard college, 
 1765 ; joined the army under 
 Col. James Reed, 1775; in June 
 
 of that year was appointed 
 surgeon, and served on land till 
 April, 1778. He was then ap- 
 pointed surgeon on board the 
 ship Ranger, under command of 
 Capt. John Paul Jones. Retir- 
 ing from service in 1781, he set- 
 tled at Dover as a merchant. 
 He died, greatly respected, July 
 25, 1847, aged 101.— Proy. and 
 State Papers, vol. x, p. 9. 
 
 2 His Excellency John Sulli- 
 van, Esq., president of the Con- 
 vention, was the son of John 
 Sullivan, and was born in Dover, 
 in that part called Somers- 
 worth, in 1741. He was a broth- 
 er of His Excellency James Sul- 
 livan, of Massachusetts. Both 
 received their education from 
 their father. John commenced 
 the practice of law at Durham, 
 where he continued his residence 
 till his death, and where his re- 
 mains are interred. He early 
 

 MEMBERS. 
 
 16 
 
 Names of towns and places Names of delegates to 
 
 Vote of each on 
 
 represented. 
 
 the Convention. 
 
 Ratification. 
 
 Sommersworth, 
 
 Moses Carr, Esq^'. 
 
 y- 
 
 Rochester, 
 
 Mr. Barnabas Palmer, 
 
 n. 
 
 Barringtoii, 
 
 Maf Samuel Hale, 
 
 J- 
 
 Sandborntown, 
 
 William Harper, Esq"^. 
 
 n. 
 
 Oilman town, 
 
 Honb^ Joseph Badger,^ 
 
 n. 
 
 evinced a military spirit, and 
 was one of the brave baud that 
 seized Fort William and Mary at 
 New Castle, 1774 ; was delegate 
 to congress 1774-75, and in the 
 latter year was appointed brig- 
 adier-general in the army of the 
 Revolution, and in 1779 major- 
 general. He was in command 
 at Winter Hill, 1775 ; in Can- 
 ada, 1776; distinguished in the 
 battles of Brandywine and Ger- 
 mantown, 1777 ; commanded the 
 army in Rhode Island, 1778 ; 
 and was at the head of the ex- 
 pedition against the western In- 
 dians in 1779. Filling numer- 
 ous oflBces in the state as agent 
 to settle the disputed bounds 
 of the New Hampshire Grants, 
 attorney-general, etc., in 1786 
 and 1787 he was chosen pres- 
 ident of New Hampshire. In 
 1789 he was a presidential elec- 
 tor, and again that year chosen 
 president of the state. He was 
 appointed judge of the district 
 court of New Hampshire by 
 Washington, 1789, which office 
 he held till his death, Jan. 23, 
 
 1795, at the age of 54. See an 
 admirable portrait of him in 
 the council-chamber. Concord, 
 painted from a sketch by Col. 
 Trumbull. — Prov. and State 
 Papers, vol. x, p. 10. 
 
 iHon. Joseph Badger, Esq., 
 son of Capt. Joseph Badger, an 
 early settler in Gilmanton, was 
 born in Bradford, Mass., Oct. 
 23, 1746. He was a man of great 
 military ardor, and held offices 
 in the militia for thirty years, 
 passing from the rank of captain 
 to that of brigadier-general. He 
 was present at the capture of 
 Burgoyne in 1779. After the 
 war he served the town of Gil- 
 manton as representative, and 
 was a councillor six years, — 
 1784, 1790-92, 1795-96. H,e was 
 one of the founders of Gilman- 
 ton academy, gave the land on 
 which it is located, and superin- 
 tended the erection of the build- 
 ing. He died Jan. 15, 1809, aged 
 62. The late Governor William 
 Badger was his son. — Prov. and 
 State Papers, vol. x, p. 10. 
 
14 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 
 Names of towns and places 
 represented. 
 
 Names of delegates to the 
 Convention. 
 
 Cap* Reuben Hill, 
 Rev^ William Hooper/ 
 
 Lee, 
 
 Madbury, 
 Merrideth & 
 
 New Hampton, CoP. Eben^. Smith, 
 Sandwich & 
 
 Tamworth, Daniel Bedee, Esq^ 
 
 Monltonboro', 
 
 Tuftonborough, 
 
 Wolfboro' & 
 
 Ossipee, Mr. Naty. Shannon, 
 
 Barnstead, 
 
 New Durham & 
 
 N. D. Gore, Mr. Jon^ Chesley, 
 Wakefield, 
 
 Middletown & 
 
 Effingham, Mr. Nicholas Austin, 
 
 Conway, 
 
 Eaton, 
 
 Burton^ & 
 
 Locations, David Page, Esq^". 
 
 Vote of each on 
 Ratification. 
 
 n. 
 
 y- 
 
 n. 
 
 n. 
 
 1 Rev. William Hooper was 
 born in Berwick, Maine, where 
 he was ordained as a Calvin ist 
 Baptist minister on the seven- 
 teenth day of August, 1776. On 
 the day of his ordination he 
 baptized Benjamin Randall, af- 
 terwards the founder of the 
 Freewill Baptist denomination 
 in New Hampshire. He remov- 
 ed to Madbury, where he was 
 highly esteemed as a man and a 
 preacher. He had a small farm, 
 
 which, with shoemaking, occu- 
 pied his leisure time. For twen- 
 ty-five years he was the secre- 
 tary of the New Hampshire Bap- 
 tist Association. He was a man 
 of middling size, vigorous con- 
 stitution, strong mind, retentive 
 memory, great decision of char- 
 acter, and inflexible integrity. 
 He died in Madbury in 1837.— 
 Compiled from Plumer Papers. 
 
 2 Albany. 
 
MEMBERS. 
 
 15 
 
 Names of towns and places 
 represented. 
 
 Names of delegates to the 
 Convention. 
 
 Nottingham West/Mr. Eben'^ Cummings, 
 
 Litchfield, 
 
 Derryfield,^ 
 
 Dunstable, 
 
 Merrimac, 
 
 Bedford, 
 
 Goifstown, 
 
 Holies, 
 
 Amherst, 
 
 Raby^ & Mason, 
 
 New Ipswich, 
 
 Mr. Daniel Bixby, 
 Lieu*. John Hall, 
 Deac'^ W'^. Hunt, 
 Timothy Taylor, Esq"". 
 Mr. Stephen Dole, 
 Mr. William Page, 
 Cap*. Daniel Kindrick, 
 Joshua Atherton, Esq"".* 
 Deac" Amos Dakin, 
 Cap*. Charles Barrett,^ 
 
 Vote of each on 
 Ratification. 
 
 n. 
 n. 
 
 y- 
 
 n. 
 n. 
 n. 
 n. 
 n. 
 n. 
 
 y- 
 
 n. 
 
 1 Hudson. 
 
 2 Manchester. 
 8 Brookline. 
 
 * Hon. Joshua Atherton was 
 born in Harvard, Massachusetts, 
 June 20, 1737 ; was a graduate 
 of Hai'vard college, 1762 ; com- 
 menced the practice of law in 
 Amherst, 1772 ; was father of 
 Hon. Charles H. Atherton and 
 grandfather of Hon. Charles G. 
 Atherton, both distinguished as 
 lawyers and civilians. In the 
 Revolution, Mr. Atherton at 
 first favored the loyalists, and 
 for a time was imprisoned in 
 Amherst jail, but subsequently 
 regained the confidence of his 
 fellow-citizens; was a member 
 of the Convention that adopted 
 the Federal Constitution, 1788, 
 state senator, 179.3, and attor- 
 ney-general of the state 1793- 
 1801. He died in Amherst, April 
 
 3, 1809, aged 71. — Pi-ov. and State 
 Papers, vol. x, p. 35. 
 
 5 Capt. Charles Barrett was 
 born in 1740, and for many years 
 was one of the most enterprising 
 citizens of Xew Ipswich. Dur- 
 ing the Revolutionary period his 
 loyalty to the patriot cause was 
 for a time in doubt, but he re- 
 gained public confidence, and 
 was repeatedly honored by his 
 fellow-citizens with important 
 public offices. He was a state 
 senator in 1791, 1793, and 1794, 
 and at different times a repre- 
 sentative and a councillor. He 
 with associates erected the first 
 cotton factory built in New 
 Hampshire. On a plan of his 
 own he constructed a canal in 
 the midst of George's river, 
 hoping thereby to render prac- 
 ticable the passage of boats 
 from tide water to the town — an 
 
Names of towns and places 
 
 Names of delegates to the 
 
 Vote of each on 
 
 represented. 
 
 Convention. 
 
 Ratification. 
 
 Francestown, 
 
 Mr. Thomas Bixby, 
 
 n. 
 
 Wilton, 
 
 Mr. William Abbott, 
 
 J- 
 
 Lyndeborough, 
 
 Doc^ Benj* Jones, 
 
 n. 
 
 Temple & 
 
 
 
 Peterbor" Slip, 
 
 Deac"^ John Cragin, 
 
 n. 
 
 Peterbor*' & 
 
 
 
 Society Land, 
 
 Maji'. Nathan Dix, 
 
 
 Hancock, Antrim 
 
 
 
 & Deering, 
 
 Mr. Evan Dow, 
 
 
 Hinnekar & 
 
 
 
 Hillsborough, 
 
 Mr. Robert B.Wilkius,i 
 
 J- 
 
 New Boston, 
 
 John Cochran, Esq^". 
 
 n. 
 
 Weare, 
 
 Mr. Jonathan Dow, 
 
 n. 
 
 Hopkinton, 
 
 Mr. Joshua Morss, 
 
 y- 
 
 Dunbar ton & Bow, 
 
 Mr. Jacob Green, 
 
 n. 
 
 enterprise which proved unsuc- 
 cessful. He was a large owner of 
 wild lands in Maine, and made 
 many efforts for their occupancy 
 and improvement. He was an 
 impulsive man, and possessed 
 great energy. He had but a 
 limited education, yet his untir- 
 ing activity and business expe- 
 rience suplied in part this want. 
 Few persons, if any, appreciated 
 more fully the value of early 
 mental training, and he became 
 one of the founders of New Ips- 
 wich academy. He died Dec. 
 21, 1808. — Compiled from Histo- 
 ry of New Ipswich. 
 
 iMr. Robert B. Wilkins, of 
 
 Henniker, a native of Amherst, 
 entered the army at the age of 
 sixteen, and was in the battle of 
 Bunker Hill — wounded ; in the 
 Continental army, in Col. Scam- 
 mel's regiment, he was promo- 
 ted to a lieutenancy. He served 
 under Gen. Lafayette, of whom 
 he was a great admirer. On his 
 visit to Concord, in June, 1825, 
 the general met Lieut. Wilkins 
 and recognized him. Receiving 
 a pension from the government, 
 he spent the later years of his 
 life with his family in Concord, 
 but died in Boston, August, 
 1832, aged 77.— Prov. and State 
 Papers, vol. x, p. 10. 
 
MEMBERS. 
 
 17 
 
 Names of towns and places 
 represented. 
 
 Salisbury, 
 
 Boscawen, 
 
 Fisbersfield,^ Sut- 
 ton & Warner, 
 
 New London, An- 
 dover & Gore, 
 
 Charlestown, 
 
 Alstead, 
 
 Keene, 
 
 Swanzey, 
 
 Richmond, 
 
 Names of delegates to the Vote of each on 
 
 Convention. Ratification. 
 
 Col** Ebenezer Webster,^ 
 
 CoP Joseph Gerrish, j. 
 
 Nath^ Beau, Esq^ n. 
 
 Benj^ West, Esq^'.^ y. 
 
 Cap*. Oliver Shepherd, y. 
 
 Rev'^ Aaron Hall,* y. 
 
 Maf . Elisha Whitcomb, y. 
 
 Mr. Jon'^. Gaskill, n. 
 
 1 Col. Ebenezer Webster, of 
 Salisbury, was the father of 
 Hon. Ezekiel and Daniel Web- 
 ster. He was born in Kingston 
 in 1740. Settling in Salisbury, 
 he served in the " Seven Years 
 War " against the French and 
 Indians; in the Revolution he 
 Avas captain of a company ; in 
 1785-99 was a state senator, 
 and also 1790-91. He was a 
 judge of the court of common 
 pleas for Hillsborough covmty 
 from 1791 to 1806. It does not 
 appear that he voted on the 
 adoption of the Constitution. 
 He died in 1806, aged G7.—Prov. 
 and State Papers, vol. x, p. 10. 
 
 ■^ Newbury. 
 
 3 Benjamin West, Esq., of 
 Charlestown, was son of Rev. 
 
 Thomas West and brother of 
 Rev. Dr. Samuel West, of 
 Boston. He was born April 8, 
 17-46 ; graduated at Harvard 
 college, 1768. He resided in 
 Charlestown more than forty 
 years in the practice of law, and 
 died July, 1817, aged 71. He 
 ranked among the first of his 
 profession. — Prof. and State 
 Papers, vol. x, p. 11. 
 
 4 Rev. Aaron Hall, of Keene, a 
 native of Cheshire, Conn., born 
 in 1751, was a graduate of Yale 
 college, 1772; ordained Febru- 
 ary 19, 1778 ; died Aug. 12, 1814, 
 after a ministry of thirty-six 
 years, aged 63. — Prov. and State 
 Papers, vol. x, p. 11. 
 
18 
 
 MEMBEKS. 
 
 Names of towns and places 
 represented. 
 
 Jaffrey, 
 
 Winchester, 
 
 Westmoreland, 
 
 Chesterfield, 
 
 Rindge, 
 
 Walpole, 
 
 Names of delegates to the 
 Convention. 
 
 Mr. Abel Parker, 
 Cap*. Moses Chamberlain, 
 Mr. Archilaus Temple, 
 Doc*. Solomon Harvey, 
 Cap*. Othniel Thomas, 
 Gen^. Benj^ Bellows,^ 
 X Mr. Aaron Allen, 
 
 Vote of each on 
 Ratification. 
 
 iHon. Abel Parker, son of 
 Samuel Parker and Mary (Proc- 
 tor) Robbins, was born in West- 
 ford, Mass., March 25, 1753. At 
 the age of fourteen he removed 
 with his father to Pepperell, 
 Mass. He was a soldier in the 
 battle of Bunker Hill, and was 
 wounded. He was subsequent- 
 ly a sergeant in Capt. Job Shat- 
 tuck's company, of Col. Reed's 
 regiment. Upon the expiration 
 of his term of service he return- 
 ed to his farm in Pepperell, and 
 was married, Oct. 14, 1777, to 
 Edith, daughter of Jedediah 
 Jewett, of P. — a woman of 
 marked religious character. On 
 the 5th of May, 1780, he remov- 
 ed to Jaffrey, where he cleared 
 a farm, which he occupied until ' 
 1805, when he again removed 
 to the centre of the town, where 
 he spent the remainder of his 
 life. He was a tall man, of 
 stately appearance, dignified, 
 grave in his deportment, highly 
 respected and influential. He 
 
 held many town and state offi- 
 ces, and was a judge of pro- 
 bate for twenty years. He was 
 also, for a time, postmaster of 
 Jaffrey. He was a deeply re- 
 ligious man, and a member of 
 various benevolent societies. He 
 died in 1831, aged 78 years. 
 
 J. B. W. 
 
 2 Gen. Benjamin Bellows, of 
 Walpole, son of Col. Benjamin, 
 was born Oct. 6, 1740. He was 
 greatly respected as a citizen, 
 and honored with many public 
 offices, — as representative, sena- 
 tor, and councillor. He was 
 president of the electoral col- 
 lege when George Washington 
 was elected president, in 1789, 
 and again, in 1797, when John 
 Adams was elected. In the 
 Revolution he commanded a 
 regiment; was present at the 
 surrender of Burgoyne. He died 
 in Walpole, June, 1802, aged 61. 
 — State and Prov. Papers, vol. 
 X, p. 11. 
 
MEMBERS. 
 
 19 
 
 Names of towns and places 
 represented. 
 
 Names of delegates to the 
 Convention. 
 
 Vote of each on 
 Ratification. 
 
 Claremont, Deac^. Matthias Stone, 
 
 Cornish & Gran- 
 tham, Gen^ Jonathan Chase, 
 
 Newport & Croy- 
 
 den, Mr. John Remmele, 
 
 Acworth, Lemp- 
 ster, & Mar- 
 low, Daniel Grout, Esq^ 
 
 WendelP & Unity, Mr. Moses True, 
 
 Surry & Gilsom, Col°. Jonathan Smith, 
 
 Stoddard & Wash- 
 ington, Thomas Pinneman, Esq*'. 
 
 Dublin & Packers- 
 field,^ Sam\ Griffin, Esq'^'. 
 
 Marlborough, Mr. Jedediah Tainter, 
 
 Fitz William, L*. Caleb Winch, 
 
 Plainfield, Maj'^'. Joseph Kimball, 
 
 Hinsdale, Mr. Uriel Evans, 
 
 Protectworth,^ 
 
 Holderness, Camp- 
 ton, & Thornton,Hon^. Samuel Livermore,^ 
 
 n. 
 
 n. 
 n. 
 
 n. 
 n. 
 
 y- 
 
 y- 
 
 ^ Suiiaj)ee. 
 ^ Nelson. 
 
 8 Springfield. 
 
 ^Hon. Samuel Livermore, Esq., 
 president of the Convention, 
 was probably a descendant of 
 John Livermore, who was in 
 Watertown, Mass., 1642. He 
 was born in Waltham, Mass., 
 May 14, 1732, O. S. ; graduated 
 
 at Princeton, New Jersey, 1752 ; 
 came to New Hampshire 1757, 
 and established himself in Ports- 
 mouth ; for several years was 
 judge-advocate of the admiralty 
 cou.rt, and in 1769 was the king's 
 attorney-general for New Hamp- 
 shire. About 1765 he settled 
 in Holderness, Grafton county. 
 Representative from that town, 
 attorney-general of the state be- 
 
20 MEMBERS. 
 
 Names of towns and places Names of delegates to the Vote of each on 
 
 represented. Convention. Ratification. 
 
 Plymouth, Rum- 
 ney, & Went- 
 worth, Francis Worster, Esq'^. j. 
 
 New Chester^ Al- 
 exandra, & 
 Cockermouth,^ Mr. Thomas Crawford, y. 
 
 Enfield, Canaan, 
 Cardigan,® Dor- 
 chester & Graf- 
 ton, Jesse Johnson, Esq'^'. y. 
 
 Hanover, Jonathan Freeman, Esq'^. y. 
 
 Lebanon, Col°. Elisha Payne, y. 
 
 Lyme & Orford, Wm. Simpson, Esq^ y. 
 
 Haverhill, Pier- 
 mont, Warren, 
 and Coventry,* CoP. Joseph Hutchins, n. 
 
 Lincoln & Fran- 
 
 conia. Cap*. Isaac Patterson, y. 
 
 fore the Revolution, and after- received the honorary degree of 
 
 ward, 1776. In 1779 he was ap- LL. D. from Dartmouth college 
 
 pointed commissioner to support 1792. He died at Holderness, 
 
 and defend the claims to the May, 1803, in the 72d year of 
 
 New Hampshire grants ; mem- his age. — Prov. and State Pa- 
 
 ber of congress 1780-82, and pers, vol. x, p. 37. , 
 
 then chief-justice of the state 
 
 1782-90, as successor of Hon. ^Hill. 
 
 Meshech Weare. He was a 
 
 member of the Federal Con- ^ Groton. 
 
 vention in 1788 ; again elected 3 q 
 
 to congress 1790-93; United 
 
 States Senator six years. He ^Benton. 
 
MEMBERS. 
 
 21 
 
 Names of towns and places Names of delegates to the 
 
 represented. Convention. 
 
 Bath, Lyman, 
 Landaff, Little- 
 ton & Dalton. Maj"". Samuel Young, 
 
 Lancaster, North- 
 umberland, 
 Stratford, Dart- 
 mouth,^ Piercy,^ 
 Cockburn,^ & 
 Coleburn,* Cap*. John Weeks, 
 
 Vote of each on 
 Ratification. 
 
 ^ Jefferson. 
 2 Stark. 
 
 3 Columbia. 
 
 * Colebrook. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 FIRST SESSION OF THE CO:sr VENATION. 
 
 n 
 
 Examination and discussion of the Constitution. 
 JRatification found imi^ossihle. -Adjournment 
 to a future day 'projiosed^ 02^])osed, and car- 
 ried. 
 
 ^■^ The ^ew Hampshire Convention for the " In- 
 vestigation, Discussion, and Decision of the Fed- 
 eral Constitution," assembled at the court-house 
 in Exeter, on Wednesday, the thirteenth day of 
 February, A. D. 1788. A majority of the mem- 
 bers were undoubtedly opposed to the Constitu- 
 tion. It has been alleged that before the dele- 
 gates had been chosen, active Anti-Federalists^ 
 had visited more or less of the towns which 
 were ofp the more public lines of travel, and 
 induced their citizens, who as yet knew little 
 
 1 Those favoring and those 
 opposing the ratification of the 
 Constitution were respectively 
 
 designated as Federalists and 
 Anti-Federalists . 
 
FIRST sessio:n^. 23 
 
 regarding its provisions, to instruct their dele- 
 gates to vote against it.^ 
 
 The talent of the Convention was decidedly 
 on the side of the Federalists, and a majority of 
 the ablest members were in ftivor of ratification.^ 
 His Excellency John Sullivan, Hon. Samuel 
 Livermore, Chief- Justice of the Superior Court, 
 Hon. John Taylor Gilman, Hon. John Langdon, 
 as well as other members of commanding influ- 
 ence, were outspoken and earnest for its adop- 
 tion. These all worked in harmony to that 
 end. 
 
 The opposition was led by Hon. Joshua Ath- 
 erton, who was earnestly supported by Captain 
 Charles Barrett, Hon. Abel Parker, Rev. Will- 
 iam M. Hooper, Deacon Matthias Stone, and 
 others. 
 
 On the first day about fifty members were 
 l^resent. These chose Hon. Josiah Bartlett 
 chairman, and appointed Hon. Samuel Liver- 
 more, Hon. John Taylor Gilman, and Benjamin 
 West, Esq., a committee to examine the returns 
 of the elections of the several members, and to 
 prepare and report to the Convention a code of 
 
 ^Massachusetts Centinel, Feb. ^ Memoir of Joshua Atherton, 
 
 27, 1788. by Hon. C. H. Atherton. 
 
24 FIRST SESSION^. 
 
 rules for the regulation of its proceedings. They 
 then adjourned to meet again the next day, at 
 ten o'clock A. m. 
 
 Thursday, February 14. Upon the reassem- 
 bling of the Convention, about one hundred 
 members were found to be present. It was per- 
 manently organized by the choice of Hon. John 
 Oalfe secretary, and His Excellency John Sulli- 
 van president. At the close of the forenoon 
 session it adjourned to meet again at the meet- 
 ing-house,^ at three o'clock p. m., where the sub- 
 sequent meetings of this session were held. 
 
 In the afternoon the committee previously 
 appointed reported the following rules, which 
 were adopted by the Convention : 
 
 1st. That as it is essential to the public interest, so it 
 shall be considered and enjoyned as the Incumbent duty 
 of each member of this Convention seasonably and 
 punctually to attend in his place and not absent himself 
 without leave. 
 
 2d. That freedom of deliberation, speech and debate 
 in the Convention be allowed to each member thereof ; 
 yet no member shall by speech or behaviour in Conven- 
 tion give just occasion of offence to another. 
 
 3d. That any member disposed to make a motion or 
 
 1 This occupied the site of the by which it was superseded in 
 present meeting-house of the 1798. 
 First Congregational Society, 
 
FIRST SESSION. 25 
 
 speak to a matter in debate, shall rise from his seat and 
 address the President : but on being called to order by 
 the President, he shall be silent ; yet if such silenced 
 member shall conceive himself injured thereby, the 
 President shall take a vote of the Convention thereon, 
 and such member shall submit to their determination. 
 
 4th. No member shall speak more than twice to any 
 subject in debate until each member have an opportu- 
 nity to offer his opinion. 
 
 5th. No motion from one member shall be received 
 or debated unless seconded by another. 
 
 6th. When a motion is regularly before the Conven- 
 tion, it shall at any time, at the request of a member, 
 be reduced to writing by the person making it. 
 
 7th. On the question for adopting the Federal Consti- 
 tution, and on that only, the j^eas and nays may be taken 
 if desired by a member. 
 
 8th. When it shall appear that any person returned 
 is not legally chosen, he shall be dismissed. 
 
 9th. That in determining any question the votes of a 
 majority of the members present shall be necessary, 
 excepting such members as may by the consent of the 
 Convention be excused from voting, on their giving 
 satisfactory reasons therefor. 
 
 10th. That a motion to postpone any Question or to 
 adjourn shall take place of any other motion. 
 
 11th. That no vote be reconsidered when there is a 
 less number of members present than there was at pass- 
 ing the same. 
 
 After ordering a iieAV town-meeting for the 
 election of a delegate from IS^ewington, Mr. Liv- 
 ermore moved to proceed to a consideration of the 
 
26 FIRST SESSIOj^. 
 
 new Constitution by paragraphs. Mr. Pickering 
 thereupon urged that it would be most expedient 
 " to take a review of the old Constitution, point 
 out its defects and the necessity of having a new 
 one adopted, preparatory to any other proceed- 
 ing." The Convention, however, did not concur 
 in this opinion, and, having sustained Mr. Liver- 
 more's motion, proceeded to the investigation of 
 the proposed Constitution by paragraphs.^ 
 
 The first section of the first article caused no 
 discussion; but the second, providing for the 
 election of representatives in congress for a term 
 of two years, gave rise to an animated debate, 
 which was continued through the remainder of 
 the day and occupied a part of the next. Mr. 
 Atherton vigorously opposed this section upon 
 grounds similar to those which had been urged 
 in the Massachusetts Convention. He was an- 
 swered by Mr. Livermore, Mr. Langdon, Mr. 
 Pickering, Rev. Dr. Langdon, and Rev. Mr. 
 Thurston. 
 
 The examination of the proposed Constitution 
 thus commenced was continued from day to day, 
 Sunday excepted, for the ensuing seven days. 
 For a time the friends of the Constitution had 
 
 '^Independent Chronicle and Universal Advertiser oi Feb. 21, 1788. 
 
FIRST SESSION. 
 
 27 
 
 hopes of securing its ratification without a recess 
 of the Convention. Although the greater num- 
 l:>er of the nieml)ers from the upper part of the 
 state came clown rather opposed to its adoption, 
 yet on the final question it was hoped that a 
 majority would he found to favor it.^ But these 
 hopes proved delusive. While some of the 
 memhers, who came to the Convention instructed 
 to vote against the Constitution, had been led by 
 the discussions to a change of opinion and now 
 favored it, they still felt bound by their instruc- 
 tions, and frankly said that if a final vote was to 
 be taken before they had opportunity to consult 
 their constituents their vote would be adverse to 
 ratification.' This would secure a rejection of 
 
 ^Massachusetts Centinel of Feb. stituents, be opposed its ratifica- 
 
 23 1788. tion. — Secomb's Hist, of Amherst, 
 
 2 At a legal town-meeting, P- ^^0- 
 
 held in Warner on the twenty- j^^ ^j^-^ ^^^^ pj^^.^y feelings 
 
 fourth day of January, 1788, it ^.^^^ ^-gj-^^ ^^^^^ strange to say, 
 
 was " Voted not too Except the ^^^^^ ^^ ^j^^^g ^j^o l^ad been 
 
 new Constitution."— i/rt/v/»ia?j's ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^.^gal govern- 
 
 History of Warner, T^. 25'd. ^^^^^^^^ Ijecame most radical in 
 
 In 1788 he [Joshua Atherton] their democracy. The oppos- 
 was chosen a delegate to the ing candidates for the Conven- 
 Convention to ratify or reject tion on its acceptance were Hon. 
 the proposed Constitution of the Timothy Farrar, a strong Fed- 
 United States. Acting upon eralist, and Hon. Charles Bar- 
 his own convictions of right rett. After a hard struggle, the 
 and the instructions of his con- latter was elected. He was 
 
28 riBST SESSIOI!^. 
 
 the Constitution, and prejudice unfavorably its 
 success in those states where conventions were 
 yet to be held. At the same time the declara- 
 tion indicated that some of them would array 
 themselves with the friends of the new system 
 of government, could they free themselves of the 
 shackles which bound them. Under these cir- 
 cumstances it seemed to the friends of the Con- 
 stitution that the wisest course to be pursued 
 was, — 
 
 1st. To secure, if possible, a recess of the 
 Convention. 
 
 2d. During that time to effect, as far as prac- 
 ticable, a change in public opinion favorable to 
 the great cause which they had so much at 
 heart, particularly in the towns represented by 
 the delegates above mentioned. Their first 
 effort, therefore, was to secure an adjournment 
 to a future day sufficiently distant to give time 
 for the contemplated effort. 
 
 strongly opposed to the Consti- not to accept said Constitution, 
 
 tution, and voted against it to and chose a committee of nine 
 
 the last, often declaring that to give their delegates instruc- 
 
 presidents wonld prove nothing tions to oppose its adoption by 
 
 less than four-year-old kings, the Convention. The commit- 
 
 and finally kings for life. — tee reported a list of objections, 
 
 History of New Ipsicich, p. 116. which were by the town for- 
 
 It was discussed in town- warded to the Convention.— 
 
 meeting, and the town voted Fox's Hist, of Dunstable, i>. lUS. 
 
FIRST sessio:n^. 29 
 
 Mr. Langdon accordingly introduced a resolu- 
 tion to that effect, and urged its passage with 
 his wonted force and eloquence. He was earn- 
 estly oppposed by Mr. Atherton in a speech in 
 which he pointed out objections to the adoption 
 of the Constitution, and endeavored to show that 
 the fruits of ratification would be " tyranny in 
 the extreme and despotism with a vengeance." 
 Mr. Hooper, Mr. Parker, and Deacon Manasseh 
 Stone also opposed the resolution. The speech 
 of Mr. Atherton was answered by Mr, Thurston. 
 After a sharp debate, the resolution was carried 
 by a slender majority of five, fifty-six having 
 voted for and fifty-one against its adoption.^ 
 This ended the first session, the Convention 
 adjourning to meet at Concord on the eighteenth 
 day of the following June.'' 
 
 ^Massach usetts Centinel, March great part of whom had instruc- 
 
 i 1788 tions to vote agamst it. How- 
 ever, after spending ten days on 
 
 2 The reason for the coiu'se the arguments, a number of op- 
 taken at this time by the Fed- ponents came to me and said 
 eralists is very plainly stated they were convinced, and should 
 in a letter of John Langdon to be very unhappy to vote against 
 Rufus King, dated Feb. 23, the Constitution, which they 
 1788. In it he says that " con- (however absurd) must do in 
 trary to the expectation of al- case the question was called for. 
 most every man of reflection at I therefore moved for the ad- 
 our first meeting, a majority journment, which was carried, 
 appeared against the plan, a though much opposed by the 
 
30 PIRST SESSION. 
 
 That this adjournment was a decided victory 
 of the friends of the Constitution, however at 
 first generally regarded, was soon as plain as 
 the daylight. It afforded time for an enlighten- 
 ment of the people of the more inland towns, 
 whose law-abiding communities, devoted almost 
 wholly to agriculture, felt but little the impor- 
 tance of the possession of enlarged power by the 
 general government, and knew but little of the 
 provisions of the proposed Constitution. 
 
 However "absurd" the reasoning of these 
 members may have been, it eventually secured to 
 ISTew Hampshire the honor of being the ninth 
 instead of the seventh state to ratify the Consti- 
 tution. 
 
 other side. This question deter- for their instructions." — Ban- 
 mined a majority in favor of croft's Hist, of Constitution, vol. 
 the Constitution, had it not been 2, p. 462. 
 
CHAPTEE lY. 
 
 DURIISTG THE INTERIM. 
 
 Friends of the Constitution at first disappointed 
 hy the adjournment. Progress of Ratification 
 in other states. Efforts of the Federalists 
 during the recess. 
 
 The adjournment of the ISTew Hampshh*e Con- 
 vention without decisive action was the first 
 check which the cause of an efl&cient national 
 government had thus far encountered. It was, 
 and very naturally, a source of discouragement 
 to its friends in other parts of the country, and 
 its influence upon the other Conventions yet to 
 take action was somewhat feared. On the ninth 
 of April, Gen. Henry Knox wrote to Gen. Sulli- 
 van that " the unfortunate check which the new 
 Constitution has received in l^Tew Hampshire 
 has given new life and spirits to the opponents 
 of the proposed system, and dampened the ardor 
 of its friends." 
 
32 DUBIIirG THE INTERIM. 
 
 But one of the closing paragraphs of the 
 same letter shows the confidence in ultimate 
 triumph in that state by the Federalists who 
 were on the ground and knew the exact condi- 
 tion of things there. "I am happy," says Knox, 
 "that you have such confidence in the future 
 conduct of your Convention. I hope to God 
 you may not be disappointed."^ 
 
 In fact, all who understood the reasons for 
 the adjournment and the drift of public opinion 
 in the state felt confident that the Convention 
 would ratify the Constitution upon its reassem- 
 bling in Jmie. But some ardent Federalists 
 without the state did not understand these, or 
 that the little majority of five, by which it was 
 carried, indicated a victory and not a defeat. 
 Some of these expressed their disappointment 
 in words more censorious than kind. 
 
 A writer in the Connecticut Gourant of March 
 3, 1788, thus addresses the people of ]N"ew 
 Hampshire : 
 
 Though separated from the government of Britain 
 at no less price than the blood of your bravest sons, 
 you border on her dominions. She is our enemy, and 
 wishes nothing more than your submission to her laws 
 
 1 Amory's Life of John Sullivan, p. 232. 
 
DUEXNTG THE UNTTEEIM. 33 
 
 and to the will of her proud servants. Her force may- 
 be easily pointed through your whole territory, and 
 a few regiments would effectually banish resistance. 
 New Hampshire, though growing in population and 
 among the first states in personal bravery, cannot yet 
 stand alone. Should a disunion of the states tempt Brit- 
 ain to make another effort for the recovery of her former 
 greatness, you will be the first to fall under her sway. 
 In such event, you will have nothing to expect from 
 the other states. Dispirited in a fruitless attempt to 
 unite in some plan of general government and protec- 
 tion, they will say, Let the dissenting states abide the 
 consequences of their own false opinions. Though 
 such a reply might not be wise, it would be exactly 
 conformable to what we have found in human nature, 
 and nature will ever have its course, let policy be what 
 it may. 
 
 But nearer home the true situation was better 
 understood. On the twenty-seventh of Febru- 
 ary, six days after the adjournment, the Massa- 
 chusetts Centinel, a paper which kept itself ac- 
 curately informed of the action of our Conven- 
 tion, gave to its readers a full account of the 
 cause and object of the adjourmnent, under an 
 illustrated caption consisting of six upright 
 columns, inscribed respectively Delaware, Penn- 
 sylvania, N^ew Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, 
 Massachusetts, and of a seventh half way up 
 representing ^ew Hampshire, to which was 
 
34 DURING THE INTERIM. 
 
 attached the motto, " It will rise." It closes its 
 article by saying, — 
 
 We may venture to assert that the cause of Federal- 
 ism in New Hampshire wiU not suffer a diminution, 
 and that their pillar of the Federal Edifice, though 
 
 NOW IT KESTETH, WILL MOST ASSUREDLY EISE.^ 
 
 Thus far the Constitution had been ratified 
 by six of the nine states required to render it 
 operative, — by Delaware, December 6, 1787, by 
 a unanimous vote ; by Pennsylvania, December 
 12, 1787, by a vote of forty-six to twenty-three, 
 or two to one ; by ISTew Jersey, December 18, 
 1787, and by Georgia, January 2, 1788, by 
 unanimous votes of the Conventions of both 
 states ; by Connecticut, January 9, 1788, by a 
 vote of one hundred and twenty-eight yeas to 
 forty nays, or more than three to one 5 and by 
 Massachusetts, February 6, 1788, where the yeas 
 had been one hundred and eighty-seven and the 
 nays one hundred and sixty-eight, a majority of 
 
 1 A favorite illustration of these were connected with one 
 
 the progress of ratification by another by semi-circular lines, 
 
 the different states adopted by indicating arches, the head of 
 
 the newspapers of the time was each being ornamented by a 
 
 a row of perpendicular columns star. Appropriate mottoes in 
 
 inscribed with the names of the poetry or Latin often enhanced 
 
 states which had ratified the the attractiveness of these illus- 
 
 Constitution. The capitals of trations. 
 
DURrN^G THE INTERIM. 35 
 
 nineteen. In other words, in three of these 
 states ratification had been carried nnanimously, 
 and in the three others it had received three 
 hundred and sixty-one out of an aggregate of 
 five hundred and ninety-two votes, or sixty per 
 cent, of this last mentioned number. 
 
 What infiuence the small majority for the 
 Constitution so recently given by Massachusetts 
 may have had in ]Yew Hampshire it is impos- 
 sible now to say. That it was of considerable 
 potency may be fairly inferred from the close 
 proximity and intimate relations of the two 
 states. 
 
 During the recess, the Federalists of IS^ew 
 Hampshire were active in their exertions in 
 behalf of ratification. " While the long winter 
 intercepted the labors of husbandry, the firesides 
 of the freeholders in its hundreds of townships 
 became the scene for discussing the merits of 
 the Federal Constitution, with the delegates of 
 their choice and with one another." ^ 
 
 They were greatly cheered by the results of 
 the Conventions held in Maryland and South 
 Carolina, — in the first of which ratification was 
 carried on the twenty-sixth day of April by a 
 
 1 Bancroft's History of the Constitution, vol. 2, p. 318. 
 
36 DUEIN^G THE Il^TERIM. 
 
 vote of sixty to eleven, nearly six to one ; and 
 in the latter by one hundred and forty-one to 
 sixty-three, or about two to one. Mr. Bancroft 
 says that "when the astounding news reached 
 ISTew Hampshire, her people grew restless to be 
 the state yet needed to assure the new bond of 
 union, but for that palm she must run a race 
 with Yirginia." ^ 
 
 ^ Bancroft's History of the Constitution, vol. 2, p. 294. 
 
CHAPTER Y. 
 
 SECOND SESSION^ OF THE C0XVENTI0:N". 
 
 General interest in its proceedings. First and 
 second days. Appointment of a coynmittee to 
 propose amendments. Mr. Athertoii's motion, 
 to ratify conditionally, defeated. Judge Liv- 
 ermore's motion. Motion to adjourn defeated. 
 The main question put. The final vote. 
 
 On the eighteenth day of June, 1788, agree- 
 ably to its adjournment, the Convention reassem- 
 bled in the old ISTorth Meeting House in Con- 
 cord, with a full knowledge that the favorable 
 action of but one more state was requisite to 
 render operative the new constitution. Many of 
 the members came from constituencies whose 
 sentiments had grown more favorable to ratifica- 
 tion during the previous few months. The Vir- 
 ginia Convention had l3een in session since the 
 sixth of the month, and that of l!^ew York had 
 
38 SECOI^T) SESSION". 
 
 come together on the seventeenth. Yarions 
 considerations had delayed final action in the 
 former, and there had yet been no time for it in 
 the latter. 
 
 Should the little mountainous state of ^ew 
 Ham23shire, the uppermost of the whole thirteen, 
 which skirted the Atlantic coast from the frozen 
 north to the sunny south, dare contest with these 
 two great commonwealths the honor of inau- 
 gurating the most important government of 
 modern times — an honor which was to grow 
 brighter and more bright as the decades and the 
 centuries rolled on? Should she aspire to become 
 the key-stone of the great national arch, which 
 it now only lacked to become self-sustaining? 
 
 So great was the interest in the result of this 
 session of the ^N'ew Hampshire Convention, that 
 persons from different sections of the state, as 
 well as others from beyond its borders, flocked 
 to Concord, and, filling the wide galleries of the 
 old meeting-house from day to day, watched the 
 proceedings with breathless interest. Gen. Sul- 
 livan, John Langdon, then governor-elect of the 
 state. Judge Livermore, supported by the fifty 
 and odd members in sympathy with them, were 
 not the men to neglect a grand opportunity. 
 
SECOND sessio:n^. 39 
 
 The opponents of the Constitution, led by Joshua 
 Atherton, but less ably supported than were the 
 leaders of the Federalists, were active, strong, 
 and determined. A contest, to be as valiantly 
 fought as its issue proved glorious, now began, 
 and God was doubtless invoked to aid the right. 
 
 Wednesday, June IStli. The first day of the 
 Convention was occupied in the settlement of 
 disputed claims to seats, and in a general dis- 
 cussion of the Constitution. 
 
 Thursday, June 19th. The second day was 
 mainly devoted to a general discussion similar 
 to that of the day before. 
 
 Friday, June 20th. During the forenoon of 
 the third day, a connnittee of fifteen, consisting 
 of John Langdon of Portsmouth, Mr. Bartlett,^ 
 Joseph Badger of Gilmanton, John Sullivan 
 of Durham, Joshua Atherton of Amherst, 
 Thomas Dow of Salem, Benjamin Bellows of 
 Walpole, Benjamin West of Charlestown, Sam- 
 uel Livermore of Holderness, Francis Worcester 
 of Plymouth, Abel Parker of Jafii-ey, John 
 
 1 There were two Bartletts Nottingham. The records do 
 
 in the (Convention, \iz., Hon. not indicate which of these was 
 
 Josiah IJartlett of Kingston, a member of this committee. It 
 
 and Thomas Bartlett, Esq., of was probably the former. 
 
40 SECOISTD SESSION. 
 
 Pickering of Portsmouth, Mr. Smith/ William 
 Hooper of Maclbury, and Charles Barrett of 
 'New Ipswich, were appointed " to consider and 
 report npon such articles as they shall think 
 proper to be proposed as amendments to the 
 Federal Constitution, and lay the same before 
 this Convention." 
 
 At the afternoon session, Mr. Langdon, for the 
 committee, made a report recommending twelve 
 amendments.^ This report was accepted, and 
 the amendments were adopted by the Conven- 
 tion. Mr. Atherton then moved "that this 
 Convention ratify the proposed Constitution, 
 together with the amendments, but that said 
 Constitution do not operate in New Hampshire 
 without said amendments," and his motion was 
 seconded by Mr. Parker. 
 
 This motion of Mr. Atherton's marks the be- 
 ginning of the final struggle. It proved sharp, 
 brief, and conclusive. The Federalists saw 
 instantly that the adoption of Mr. Atherton's 
 motion was tantamount to a rejection of the Con- 
 stitution by New Hampshire, and would be fatal 
 
 1 Neither does it appear by designated to serve upon this 
 
 the Journal whether Col. Eben- committee. It was most likely 
 
 ezer Smith of Meredith, or Mr. the former. 
 
 Jonathan Smith of Loudon, was ^ gee page 49. 
 
SECON^D SESSION. 41 
 
 to all their hopes. After some debate, Mr. Liv- 
 ermore, who was as clear-headed and vigilant as 
 he was ready and earnest, made a motion, which 
 was seconded by Mr. Bartlett, " to postpone the 
 motion made by Mr. Atherton, to make way for 
 the following motion, viz.. That in case the Con- 
 stitution be adopted, that the amendments re- 
 ported by the committee be recommended to 
 congress — which motion of Mr. Atherton being- 
 postponed, adjourned to nine o'clock to-morrow 
 morning." ^ 
 
 This was a test vote, and indicated clearly the 
 feeling of the Convention. The majority, though 
 small, was unmistakably for ratification. But 
 Mr. Atherton and his friends were not yet sat- 
 isfied, and the contest was to continue a little 
 longer. 
 
 SatuTday, June 21. Upon the reassembling 
 of the Convention, the unfinished deJjate of the 
 day before was resumed. Pending this, Mr. 
 Atherton moved " that the Convention adjourn 
 to some future day." Mr. Hooper seconded the 
 motion, but it was negatived by the Convention. 
 Thereupon a motion was made by Mr. Liver- 
 more, and seconded by Mr. Langdon, " that the 
 
 iProv. State Papers, vol. 10, p. 18. 
 
42 SECOND sessio:n'. 
 
 main question be now put for the adoption of the 
 Constitution." The supreme moment had now 
 come. As the roll-call proceeded, Messrs. 
 Langdon, Pickering, Long, Gilman, Blanchard, 
 Adams, Weeks, Goss, Present, Thurston, Top- 
 pan, Langdon of Hampton Falls, Wiggin, Fogg, 
 Rogers, T. Bartlett, Chadwick, Gray, Glidden, 
 Calfe, Bettan, Moody, Green, Sullivan, Carr, 
 Hale, Bedee, Shannon, Wilkins, Morss, Gerrish, 
 West, Shepherd, Hall, Whitcomb, Chamberlain, 
 Temple, Bellows, Chase, Griffin, Kimball, Liv- 
 ermore, J. Bartlett, Panney, Chesley, .Hall, 
 Dakin, Abbot, "Worster, Crawford, Johnson, 
 Freeman, Payne, Simpson, Patterson, Young, 
 and Weeks, answered Yea; — 57 Yeas. 
 
 Messrs. Punnels, McMurphy, B, Clough, J. 
 Clough, Sias, Smith, Emery, Fifield, Chase, 
 Sleeper, B. Stone, Thomas Dow, Steward, 
 Palmer, Harper, Badger, Hooper, Austin, Page, 
 Cummings, D. Bixby, Hunt, Taylor, Dole, 
 Page, Kindrick, Atherton, Barrett, T. Bixby, 
 Jones, Cragin, Cochran, Jona. Dow, Green, 
 Bean, Gaskill, Parker, Harvey, Thomas, M. 
 Stone, Pemmelee, Grout, True, Penniman, 
 Tainter, Winch, Hutchins, answered ^ay; — 47 
 ]^ays. 
 
SECOISTD SESSIOIf. 
 
 43 
 
 And Messrs. Daniels, Ebenezer Smith, Web- 
 ster, and Jonathan Smith, marked in Jonrnal as 
 present, did not vote;^ — 4. Thus the Federal 
 
 1 Where these four gentlemen 
 were at the time the vote was 
 taken, or why they did not vote, 
 we are miable to say. There 
 is a pretty well authenticated 
 tradition that a certain prom- 
 inent Federalist of Concord 
 gave a dinner party on the last 
 day of the session, at which sev- 
 eral members, reckoned as op- 
 posed to ratification, were pres- 
 ent, and discussing the dinner, 
 when the final vote was taken. 
 
 The following letter from 
 Hon. G. W. Nesmith throws 
 light upon the course taken on 
 this occasion by Col. Ebenezer 
 Webster : 
 
 August 2.5, 1888. 
 
 Friend Walker : I send 
 down to you such information 
 as I have in relation to Judge 
 Ebenezer Webster, who acted 
 as a delegate from Salisbury in 
 the Convention of 1788, called 
 to ratify the United States Con- 
 stitution. The records I fur- 
 nish are authentic. The state- 
 ment as to the conduct of Judge 
 Webster, in declining to vote 
 for the ratification of the Con- 
 stitution, is founded upon tradi- 
 tion, and is, of course, made, 
 subject to some doubt. 
 
 At a tqwn-meeting holden on 
 the 16th day of February, A. D. 
 1788, Capt. Ebenezer Webster 
 was chosen moderator of said 
 meeting. 
 
 '* Voted to choose a Delegate 
 to meet in Convention at Exe- 
 ter to consult or take in consid- 
 eration the Constitution as pro- 
 posed by the Federal Conven- 
 tion. 
 
 " Ebenezer Webster was ap- 
 pointed Delegate. 
 
 " Proceeded to choose a Com- 
 mittee to consult and advise 
 with said Delegate in relation 
 to the proposed Convention. 
 Joseph Bean, Esq., Jonathan 
 Fifield, Jonathan Cram, Capt. 
 Luke Wilder, John Collins, Ed- 
 ward Eastman, Ensign John C. 
 Gale, Capt. Robt. Smith, Leon- 
 ai'd Judkins, Deacon Jacob 
 True, John Smith, Lt. Bean, 
 Lt. Jos. Severance were chosen 
 said Committee." 
 
 The aforesaid committee was 
 selected from the early and in- 
 fluential settlers of Salisbury, 
 and were the neighbors and 
 friends of Capt. Webster. The 
 Convention met in February at 
 Exeter, and after a long debate 
 came to no decisive vote : ad- 
 
44 
 
 SECOI^D SESSIOJS". 
 
 Constitution was ratified by 'New Hampshire by 
 a majority often votes. 
 
 A local analysis of this vote may be interest- 
 ing. A division of the state into northern and 
 southern sections by a line running along the 
 south shore of Winnepesaukee lake and contin- 
 uing west to Connecticut river, and a further 
 
 journed to meet at Concord in 
 the following month of June. 
 A short time before the Con- 
 vention met at Concord, Judge 
 Webster had an interesting in- 
 terview with his committee at 
 Salisbury, when the merits and 
 demerits of the Constitution 
 were discussed. Our informa- 
 tion is derived from an intelli- 
 gent son of one of that commit- 
 tee. He remarked that Judge 
 Webster favored the adoption 
 of the U. S. Constitution, as it 
 offered many advantages over 
 the confederacy, and cured many 
 of the defects of that form of 
 government. Moreover, Wash- 
 ington, in whoni he had im- 
 plicit confidence, had labored 
 hard to bring it into existence, 
 and he was willing to trust to 
 his wise counsels and action 
 always. But the opinion of the 
 Advisory Committee, or a ma- 
 jority of them, was adverse to 
 the new Constitution. The 
 strongest and leading argument 
 urged agamst it was derived 
 
 from the fact that the Constitu- 
 tion sanctioned or tolerated hu- 
 man slavery. Hon. Jos. Ather- 
 ton, of Amherst, had used this 
 argument in opposition to its 
 ado]3tion with much force and 
 effect. It was difficult to meet 
 and overcome the power and 
 influence of his reasoning on 
 this topic, when it was in close 
 union and deep sympathy with 
 the great majority of the North- 
 ern people. It is not surprising 
 that we find, according to the 
 Records of the Convention, that 
 Judge Webster did not vote 
 at all, when the final vote of 
 delegates was taken in Conven- 
 tion. We do find him a strong- 
 supporter of the Constitution 
 after its adoption, and early one 
 of the electors of Washington, 
 appointed by the people of this 
 state, to the presidency. Mr. 
 Webster was state senator, elect- 
 ed by the people of Hillsborough 
 county in 1786-90. 
 Truly yours, 
 
 Geo. W. Nesmith. 
 
SECOND SESSIO]^. 45 
 
 division of the latter into south-eastern and 
 south-western sections by Merrimack river, will 
 render such an analysis easy. 
 
 The votes cast by delegates were, — 
 
 From the south-eastern, 48 
 
 For the Constitution, 30 
 
 Against it, 18 
 
 Majority for it, 12 
 
 From the south-western, 42 
 
 For the Constitution, 16 
 
 Against it, 26 
 
 Majority against it, 10 
 
 From the northern, 14 
 
 For the Constitution, 11 
 
 Against it, 3 
 
 Majority for it, 8 
 
 The south-eastern section comprised the old- 
 est part of 'New Hampshire : its interests were, 
 to some extent, commercial, and many parts of 
 it were in near proximity to the most frequented 
 lines of travel to other states. Here the provi- 
 sions of the Constitution were best understood, 
 
46 SEOOIO) SESSION. 
 
 and the necessity of a national g-overnment of 
 enlarged powers was most strongly felt. Its 
 vote, therefore, causes no surprise. 
 
 The towns of the south-western section, for 
 the most part off the general lines of travel, 
 whose settlements were more recent, and whose 
 people were devoted almost entirely to agricult- 
 ure, felt less the want of a vigorous general 
 govermnent than did their neighbors across the 
 Merrimack. Their vote, therefore, awakens lit- 
 tle surprise.^ 
 
 But it is surprising that the northern section, 
 by far the most remote, and the newest, which 
 felt but faintly the pulsations of outside opin- 
 ion, should, out of a total vote of only fourteen, 
 have given a majority for the Constitution less 
 by only two than that of the whole state. This 
 fact was doubtless very largely due to the great 
 influence of Judge Livermore. It was his sec- 
 tion, and his neighbors naturally followed his 
 lead in the Convention. 
 J If we examine the vote on ratification with 
 
 ^A recent writer has remarked be found that most of the oppo- 
 
 that if a line be drawn through sition to the Constitution came 
 
 the original thirteen states par- from the section west of it, and 
 
 allel to and fifty miles distant its greatest support from that 
 
 from the Atlantic coast, it will east of it. 
 
SECOND SESSION. 47 
 
 reference to the whole population of the state, ' 
 assuming this to be the same as shown two years 
 afterwards by the census of 1790, from which it 
 could not greatly vary, it will appear that the 
 fifty-seven delegates who voted for ratification 
 represented seventy-six thousand and ninety- 
 one persons, that the forty-seven delegates who 
 voted against it represented fifty-seven thousand 
 six hundred and forty-one, and that the four 
 who did not vote represented eight thousand 
 two hundred and eighty-seven; or, in other 
 words, that of the population represented in the 
 final vote, not quite fifty-seven per cent, was 
 carried for the support of the Constitution, and 
 a little over forty- three per cent, against it. 
 By counties it stood as follows: 
 
 
 For. 
 
 Against. 
 
 jRocMngham, 
 
 26,728 
 
 , 14,252 
 
 Straftord, 
 
 12,812 
 
 9,893 
 
 Hillsborough, 
 
 8,730 
 
 19,819 
 
 Cheshire, 
 
 15,621 
 
 12,405 
 
 Grafton, 
 
 12,200 
 
 1,272 
 
 
 76,091 
 
 57,641 
 
CHAPTEK YI. 
 
 CLOSING WORK OF THE CONYE]N^TION. 
 
 The formal announcement to Congress of its 
 action hy the Convention. The leaders of the 
 two parties. 
 
 The only business now remaining was for the 
 Convention to prepare a formal announcement 
 of its action, to be transmitted to the congress 
 of the United States. By whom this, was to be 
 drafted, whether by the officers of the Conven- 
 tion or by a committee appointed for the pur- 
 pose, the Journal does not say. It simply re- 
 cords the connnunication, which was as follows : 
 
 STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 In Convention of the Delegates of the People of the 
 State of New Hampshire, June 21^*, 1788 : — 
 
 The Convention having impartially discussed and 
 fully considered the Constitution for the United States 
 of America, reported to Congress by the Convention of 
 Delegates from the United States of America, and sub- 
 mitted to us by a Resolution of the General Court of 
 
CLOSEN^G WORK. 49 
 
 said State passed the fourteenth day of December last 
 past, and acknowledging with grateful hearts the Good- 
 ness of the Supreme Ruler of the Universe in affording 
 the People of the United States, in the course of his 
 Providence, an opportunity, deliberately and peaceably, 
 without fraud or surprise, of entering into an explicit 
 and solemn compact with each other, by assenting to 
 and ratifying a new Constitution, in order to form a 
 more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic 
 tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote 
 the general welfare and secure the blessings of Liberty 
 to themselves and their posterity. Do in the name and 
 in behalf of the people of the State of New Hampshire, 
 assent to and ratify the said Constitution for the United 
 States of America ; and as it is the opinion of this Con- 
 vention, that certain amendments and alterations in the 
 said Constitution would remove the fears and quiet the 
 apprehensions of many of the good people of this State, 
 and more effectually guard against an undue adminis- 
 tration of the federal Government, the Convention do 
 therefore recommend that the following alterations and 
 provisions be introduced into the said Constitution : 
 
 First, That it be explicitly declared that all powers 
 not expressly and particularly delegated by the afore- 
 said Constitution, are reserved to the several States to 
 be by them exercised. 
 
 Secondly, That there shall be one Representative to 
 every thirty Thousand persons according to the Census 
 mentioned in the Constitution, until the whole number 
 of Representatives amounts to two hundred. 
 
 Thirdly, That Congress do not exercise the power 
 vested in them by the fourth Section of the first Article, 
 but in cases when a State shall neglect or refuse to 
 
50 CLOSING WORK. 
 
 make the regulations therein mentioned, or shall make 
 regulations subversive of the rights of the people to a 
 free and equal representation in Congress, nor shall 
 Congress in any case make regulations contrary to a 
 free and equal representation. 
 
 Fourthly, That Congress do not lay direct Taxes 
 but when the money arising from the impost excise and 
 their other resources are insufficient for the public exi- 
 gencies ; nor then, until Congress shall have first made 
 a requisition upon the States to assess. Levy and pay 
 their respective proportions of such requisition agreea- 
 bly to the census fixed in the said Constitution, in such 
 ■W3i,j and manner as the Legislature of the State shall 
 think best ; and in such case, if any State shall neglect, 
 then Congress may assess and Levy such State's propor- 
 tion, together with the interest thereon at the rate of 
 six pr. cent pr. Annum from the time of payment pre- 
 scribed in such requisition. 
 
 Fifthly, That Congress erect no company of Mer- 
 chants with exclusive advantages of commerce. 
 
 Sixthly, That no person shall be tried for any crime 
 by which he may incur an infamous punishment or loss 
 of life until he be first indicted by a grand jury — except 
 in such cases as may arise in the government and 
 regulation of the land and naval forces. 
 
 Seventhly, All common law cases between citizens of 
 different States shall be commenced in the Common 
 Law Courts of the respective States, and no appeal shall 
 be allowed to the federal Courts in such cases, unless 
 the sum or value^ of the thing in controversy amount to 
 three hundred dollars. 
 
 Eighthly, In civil actions between citizens of differ- 
 ent States, every issue of fact arising in actions at com- 
 
CLOSING WORK. 51 
 
 mon law, shall be tried by a jury if the parties or either 
 of them request it. 
 
 Ninthly, Congress shall at no time consent that any 
 person holding an office of trust or profit under the 
 United States, shall accept a title of nobility or any 
 other title or office, from any king, prince or foreign 
 State. 
 
 Tenthly, That no standing army shall be kept up in 
 time of peace, unless with the consent of three fourths 
 of the members of each branch of Congress ; nor shall 
 soldiers in a time of peace, be quartered upon private 
 houses without the consent of the owners. 
 
 Eleventhly, Congress shall make no Laws touching 
 religion or to infringe the rights of conscience. 
 
 Twelfthly, Congress shall never disarm any citizen, 
 unless such as are or have been in actual rebellion. 
 
 And the Convention do, in the name and in behalf of 
 the people of this State enjoin it upon their Represent- 
 atives in Congress, at all times, until the alterations and 
 provisions aforesaid have been considered, agreeably 
 to the fifth article of the said Constitution, to exert all 
 their Influence and use all reasonable and legal methods 
 to obtain a Ratification of the said alterations and pro- 
 visions in such manner as is provided in the said article. 
 
 And that the United States in Congress Assembled 
 may have due notice of the assent and ratification of 
 the said Constitution by this Convention : — 
 
 It is Resolved, That the assent and ratification afore- 
 said, be engrossed on parchment, together with the 
 recommendation and Injunction aforesaid, and with this 
 Resolution ; and that John Sullivan Esq^ President of 
 Convention, and John Langdon, Esq^". President of 
 the State, transmit the same countersigned by the Sec- 
 
52 CLOSrt^G WORK. 
 
 retary of Convention and the Secretary of the State 
 under their hands and seals, to the United States in 
 Congress assembled. 
 
 JOHN CALFE, Secretary. 
 
 It would be invidious, perhaps, to name any 
 one as the leader in this Convention, in which 
 were gathered so many of the prominent members 
 of this party. John Sullivan, the governor of 
 the state during its first session, was there, bold, 
 active, influential. So, too, was John Langdon, 
 governor during its second session. He was one 
 of the Constitution's most earnest friends, and 
 contributed the whole force of his incessant 
 efforts and magnetic oratory to its support. In 
 it also was Judge Livermore, chief-justice of the 
 superior court, able, acute, calm, and sagacious. 
 
 It would be fair to say that these three men 
 formed a Federal trio in the Convention, more 
 influential and able than any other which could 
 have been constituted from its other members. 
 And still further may it be said, that notwith- 
 standing the inestimable services of their asso- 
 ciates, among whom were Pickering, Gilman, 
 Bartlett, Bellows, and others of commanding 
 influence, it is also fair to say, that, in the vital 
 struggle of the last two days, Judge Livermore 
 
CLOSrN^G WORK. 
 
 53 
 
 was clearly the leader of the Federal force in the 
 Convention. 
 
 Of the opponents of the Constitution, Joshua 
 Atherton was undoubtedly and easily the chief. 
 He was the only man among them capable of 
 sustaining anything like an even contest with 
 Judge Livermore, but he was less ably sup- 
 ported. Without him the Anti-Federalists 
 would have been weak indeed. 
 
CHAPTEE YII. 
 
 SPREAD OF THE NEWS OF RATIFICATION BY 
 THE NINTH STATE. 
 
 Celebrations and rejoicings at Portsmouth, Bos- 
 ton, Salem, Providence, Newport, and else- 
 loliere. 
 
 The vote on ratifieation was taken on Satur- 
 day, June 21, at one o'clock p. m.^ Immediately 
 after its announcement John Langdon wrote to 
 Grovernor Hancock of Massachusetts, " The 
 Convention of this state have this moment 
 adopted the ucav Constitution — Yeas, 57; ^^ys, 
 46."^ On the same day he wrote similar 
 
 1 They took care to insert in the honor of giving life to the 
 
 theu- record that their vote was 
 taken on Saturday, the twenty- 
 fii'st of June, at one o'clock in 
 the afternoon, that Virginia at 
 a later hour of the same day 
 might not dispute with them 
 
 new Constitution . — Bancroft's 
 Hist. Con., vol. 2, p. 318. 
 
 ^N. H. State Papers, vol. 10, 
 p. 22. 
 
 The Journal says 47 votes. 
 
CELEBRATIONS. 55 
 
 letters to Kufns King- and to Alexander Ham- 
 ilton. ^ 
 
 In antieipation of the ratifieation of the Con- 
 stitution, Gen. Sullivan and Gen. Knox had 
 arranged for an express across the country to 
 bear the news to the 'New York Convention, 
 then in session at Poughkee])sie, and to that of 
 Virginia, at RichinoiuL The welcome intelli- 
 gence reached the former on the twenty-fourth, 
 but was not received by the latter until after the 
 twenty-sixth, on which day, as the tenth state, it 
 passed its vote of ratification by a majority of 
 ten. 
 
 The news of the ratification of the Constitu- 
 tion by the ninth state was everywhere received 
 with demonstrations of delight. "As the glad 
 tidings flew through the land, the heart of its 
 people thrilled with joy that at last the tree of 
 union was firmly planted." ^ 
 
 The following account of the celebration in 
 Portsmouth, to which the news of the ratifica- 
 tion gave rise, is taken almost verbatun from the 
 JVew Hampshire Gazette and General Advertiser 
 of June 26, 1788: 
 
 '^Bancroft's Hist. Con., vol. 2, ^Bancroft's Hist. Con., vol. 2, 
 
 p. 471. " " p. .318. 
 
56 CELEBEATIOIirS. 
 
 2[^^ THE NINTH AND SUFFICIENT PILLAB BAISED. 
 ^'- Fame claps her wings and Sounds it to the jSkies 
 
 r" 
 
 Portsmouth, June 26. On Sunday morning last we 
 received the agreeable and interesting intelligence of 
 the Ratification of the new Constitution by the Con- 
 vention of this state, whereby we have, in effect, laid 
 the top stone to the grand Federal Edifice, and 
 happily raised the Ninth Pillar. The joy which this 
 event diffused through all ranks of citizens in this 
 Metropolis is hardly conceivable : 
 
 " (Toy sat on every face without a cloud, 
 As in the days of opening Paradise." 
 
 Mutual congratulations took place, and public thanks 
 were returned in all the churches. It being Lord's Day, 
 no other testimonials of joy took place until Monday 
 morning, at one o'clock, at which time the bells rang a 
 
CELEBRATIONS. 5< 
 
 joyful peal. Several citizens paraded the streets with 
 miisick, saluting the members of the Convention (who 
 had returned from Concord), other patriotic charac- 
 ters, &c. 
 ******* 
 
 President Langdon, on Monday afternoon, on his 
 arrival at Greenland, from Concord, was met by Col. 
 Wentworth's Corps of Independent Horse, Capt. Wood- 
 ward's Company of Artillery, and Col. Hill's Company 
 of .Foot, together with a large number of Gentlemen in 
 Carriages and on horseback, and escorted into town. 
 
 What added greatly to the brilliancy of the scene 
 was the appearance of a great number of ladies, whose 
 smiling countenances bespoke that congeniality of sen- 
 timent which ever ought to subsist between the sons 
 and daughters of Adam. 
 
 Thursday being the day appointed to celebrate the 
 Ratification of the Federal Constitution by the State 
 of New Hampshire, a numerous concourse of the inhab- 
 itants of Portsmouth and the neighbouring towns being 
 assembled on the Parade, about eleven o'clock an armed 
 ship was espied from the State House bearing down 
 under full sail: being hailed on her approach, she 
 proved to be the ship Union, Thomas Manning, Esq., 
 Commander, from Concord, out five days, bound to the 
 Federal City, all well and in good spirits. About a 
 quarter past eleven she dropt anchor, and having re- 
 ceived pilot on board, got under way and joined the 
 procession, which moved in the following order : 
 
 A band of Musick in an open coach and six horses, 
 decorated. Husbandmen. A plough drawn by nine 
 yoke of Oxen. 
 
 A man Sowing. A Harrow. 
 
58 CELEBRATIONS. 
 
 Reapers, Thrashers, Mowers, Ha^aiiakers, each with 
 their proper implements. 
 
 A man swingling flax. A cart gathering in harvest. 
 
 Blacksmiths and Nailers, with their forges, anvils, 
 and sledges at work. 
 
 Shipwrights with their tools. Caulkers. 
 
 Rope makers with a spinning wheel and hemp round 
 their waists, occupied. 
 
 Riggers, Mast-Makers, Ship Joiners, Block Makers. 
 
 Mathematical Instrument Makers with an azimuth 
 compass. 
 
 Boat Builders at work on a boat nearly completed. 
 
 Carvers, Painters, Glaziers and Plumbers. 
 
 Coopers trimming casks. 
 
 Cullers of Fish. Stowadores. 
 
 Pilots with Spy Glasses and Charts. 
 
 The Ship "^^"^ Union 
 completely ^^^^g rigged and armed 
 
 and manned, under an easy sail, with colors flying, ele- 
 vated on a carriage drawn by nine horses ; a tenth, 
 (emblematical of Virginia) completely harnessed, led 
 and ready to join the rest. 
 
 Ship Captains with their quadrants. Seamen. 
 
 Shoremen, Truckmen, Millers. 
 
 Bakers, preceded by a flag displaying the bakers' 
 arms. 
 
 Butchers, Tanners, and Curriers. 
 
 Cordwainers with their lasts decorated. 
 
 Tallow Chandlers, Tailors, Barbers. 
 
 Hatters, Housewrights, Masons. 
 
 Cabinet Makers and Wheelwrights. 
 
 Saddlers and Chaise Trimmers. 
 
CELEBRATIONS. 59 
 
 Upholsterers, Goldsmiths, Jewelers, and Silversmiths. 
 
 Clock and Watchmakers. 
 
 Copper Smiths, Whitesmiths, Brass founders. 
 
 Tinmen, with nine pillars and stars on a pedestal. 
 
 Potters with a table and wheel at work, nine pillars 
 erected. 
 
 Brickmakers burning a kiln, others moulding bricks. 
 
 Leather Dressers. Cardmakers with cards. 
 
 Printers, preceded by two lads with open quires of 
 printed paper, followed with cases and apparatus deco- 
 rated; Compositors at Work; Pressmen, with Mr. Ben- 
 jamin Dearborn's new invented printing press (named 
 the American press), employed during the whole proces- 
 sion in striking off, and distributing among the sur- 
 rounding multitude, Songs in celebration of the Ratifi- 
 cation of the Federal Constitution by the State of New 
 Hampshire. 
 
 MOTTO. 
 "^ Government of Freemen never knows 
 A Tyrant's shackles on the Press f imposed 
 
 Consuls, Merchants, and Traders. 
 
 The boys of the different Schools with the insignia of 
 their studies, decorated. 
 
 The Terrestrial Globe rectified for New Hampshire 
 (and decorated by a company of young ladies who are 
 in the study of Geography), carried by two lads in uni- 
 form. In the decorations each state was distinguished; 
 New Hampshire in the Zenith, and Rhode Island on the 
 Western horizon, in mourning. 
 
 The Masters of the Schools. 
 
 MOTTO. 
 " Where the bright beams of FedWal freedom glow, 
 The buds of science in full beauty blow." 
 
60 CELEBKATION^S. 
 
 Clergy, Physicians, and Surgeons. 
 
 Sheriff, preceded by his Deputies. 
 
 Judges of Common Law and Admiralty Courts. 
 
 Clerks of Courts. Gentlemen of the Bar supporting 
 the Federal Constitution. 
 
 The President of the State and President of the Con- 
 vention. 
 
 Secretaries of the State and Convention. 
 
 Members of the Convention. 
 
 Members of the Legislature. 
 
 Treasurer and Commissary General. 
 
 Militia Officers in Uniform. 
 
 Every profession was distinguished by some insignia 
 or badge, peculiar to it : the procession moved on 
 through all the principal streets of the town, the band 
 playing, and singing the Federal Song, " It comes, it 
 comes," and after saluting the President of the State 
 and the President and members of the Convention, at 
 their respective lodgings with nine guns each, from the 
 ship, the procession moved on to Union Hill, where a 
 cold collation was provided, the band of musick playing 
 during the repast, and the ship lying to with a man at 
 the mast head, sent to spy out the ship Viegikia, 
 which was hourly expected to join the rest of the fleet. 
 
 After dinner toasts were drank, after which was fired 
 a salute of nine guns, which was returned by three 
 cheers, and immediately after the firing the songs were 
 sung accompanied by the band. The Procession then 
 formed and returned in the same order they came, and 
 on their return were saluted with thirteen guns from 
 the Artillery. On their arrival at the State-House, a 
 federal salute was fired from the ship, returned with 
 three cheers which ended the procession. The ship 
 
CELEBRATIONS. 61 
 
 proceeding on her destined voyage, again fired a Fed- 
 eral Salute as she passed His Excellency's Seat. 
 
 In the evening the State-House was beautifully illu- 
 minated with nine candles in each window, while a large 
 company of ladies and gentlemen, formed in a semi- 
 circle, were entertained by the band from the balcony. 
 
 Language is too poor to describe the nniversal jog that 
 gloived in every countenance. 'Tis enough to say that the 
 brilliancy and festivity of the evening ivere only equalled 
 by the decorum atid hilarity of the day. 
 
 The following was one of the songs sung on 
 this occasion: 
 
 SONG. 
 
 To the tune, " He comes, He comes." 
 I. 
 It comes, it comes ! high raise the song ! 
 The bright procession moves along. 
 From pole to pole resomid the Nine, 
 And distant worlds the chorus join. 
 
 II. 
 
 In vain did Britain forge the chain, 
 While comitless squadrons hid the plain, 
 Hajsttonia, foremost of the Nine, 
 Defy'd their force and took Burgoyne. 
 
 ni. 
 
 To the tune " Smile, smile, Britannia !" 
 
 When Peace resumed her seat. 
 And Freedom seemed secure. 
 Our patriot sages met, 
 That freedom to insure : 
 
62 CELEBKATIONS. 
 
 Then every eye on us was turned, 
 And every breast indignant burned. 
 
 IV. 
 
 That haughty race (they said) 
 
 All government despise ; 
 
 Skilled in the martial trade, 
 
 More valiant far than wise, 
 
 Though Pallas lead them in the field. 
 
 Her aid in Council is withheld. 
 
 V. 
 
 False charge ! (the Goddess cried) 
 
 I made each hardy son. 
 
 Who in war's purple tide 
 
 First laid the Coenee Stone, 
 
 His utmost energy employ 
 
 To bring the Top Stone forth with joy. 
 
 VI. 
 
 To the first tune, " He comes, ^c." 
 
 'T is done, the glorious fabric 's reared ! 
 Still be New Hampslure's sons revered ! 
 "Who fiixed its base in blood and scars 
 And stretched its Tueeets to the stars. 
 
 VII. 
 
 To the tune, " When Britons first, Sfc." 
 
 See each industrious art moves on 
 To ask protection, praise and fame ; 
 The Ploughman by his tools is known, 
 And Vulcan, Neptune, join their claim : 
 Allow them all and wisely prove, 
 Naught can exist long without Love. 
 
oelebratio:n^s. 63 
 
 vin. 
 
 Love binds in peace the universe ; 
 
 By Love Societies combine ; 
 
 Love prompts the poets' rapturous verse 
 
 And makes their humble lays divine ; 
 
 Then Shout for Union, heaven born dame ! 
 
 And crown the goblet to her name. 
 
 IX. 
 
 To the first tune. 
 May New Hampshire's Sons in Peace and War, 
 Supremely great ! both laurels wear, 
 From every rival bear the prize, 
 Till the last blaze involves the skies ! 
 
 ISov was the joy caused by this great event 
 confined to I^ew Hampshire. The lyidependent 
 Chronicle and U^iiversal Advertiser, of Boston, 
 thus speaks of it in its issue of June 2(3, 1788: 
 
 THE NINTH PILLAR HRECTED! 
 
 The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall 
 he sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution, 
 between the States so ratifying the same. Art. VII. 
 
 Incipient Magni Procedere Menses. 
 
 The arrival of Mr. Reed, on Sunday last, from Con- 
 cord, New Hampshire, with the news of the adoption of 
 the New Federal S3^stem by the Convention of that 
 State, at two o'clock P. M. on Saturday last, diffused 
 unusual joy through all ranks in this Metropolis, — as by 
 this great event, the Federal Edifice is reared, and the 
 future good government of the States in general secured 
 to the people. 
 
 i- 
 
64 CELEBRATIONS. 
 
 The bells of tlie several churches on Monday morning- 
 testified to the pleasure which filled the breast of every 
 citizen, on this pleasing event. 
 
 The inhabitants of Roxbury also testified to their 
 extreme pleasure on the arrival of this important intel- 
 ligence by the same demonstrations of joy. 
 
 There were similar celebrations at Salem, Prov- 
 idence, ]N^ewport, and elsewhere. That at Salem 
 was very like the one at Portsmouth, and consisted 
 of a procession of military companies and bands 
 of tradesmen, which was followed in the evening 
 by a dinner and toasts at the Sun tavern. The 
 editor of the Salem Mercury adorned his account 
 of it with the usual line of columns and some of 
 his best Latin. In fact, the poetry and Latin 
 which some of these occasions called forth are 
 found, upon examination, to have formed one of 
 the leading characteristics of their glowing re- 
 ports of them. 
 
CHAPTER YIII. 
 
 THE OLD :n^oeth meetln^g-house in^ co:n^cord. 
 
 Frame. liaising. Dimensions. Location. Seats. 
 Proprietors. Bow Controversy. Completion. 
 Pews. Pulpit. Gallery. Singing- Seats. 
 Horse-Blocl:. Sale of Pews. 
 
 The old ]S^orth Meeting-Hoiise in Concord, 
 in which the ratification of the Constitution by 
 ^ew Hampshire took place, was for a hundred 
 and nineteen years a conspicuous object of inter- 
 est. It marked the centre of the central town 
 of the state. From it radiated, as did once from 
 imperial Rome, important roads northward and 
 southward, eastward and westward. From it 
 was reckoned the distances to surrounding 
 towns. It was not only a place for divine wor- 
 ship, but for many years a town-house as well, 
 in which elections were held and municij)al busi- 
 ness was transacted. In it at times the General 
 
66 OLD IsTORTH MEETZN^G-HOUSE. 
 
 Court held its sessions, and, even after the erec- 
 tion of the state-house in 1816, upon assembling, 
 its members walked to it in procession that they 
 might listen to the annual Election Sermon de- 
 livered from its jDulpit. 
 
 Its tall spire, peculiar form, and unusual size 
 attracted the notice of visitors to the state capi- 
 tal. But the fact that within its consecrated 
 walls the Constitution of the United States was 
 ratified by ^ew Hampshire as the ninth state, 
 gave to it its most important interest. Its asso- 
 ciation with that great act has rendered it mem- 
 orable, and justifies this efibrt to preserve some 
 of the most important items of its history. 
 
 Its predecessor, the first meeting-house of 
 Concord, was of logs. For twenty-five years it 
 answered well the three-fold jDurpose of for- 
 tress, towm-house, and sanctuary; but when, at 
 length, as time passed on, the population of the 
 town had so far increased as to imperatively 
 demand a larger meeting-house, a new one was 
 erected (1751) upon the spot now occupied by 
 the Walker school-house. Its frame, mostly of 
 oak, was composed of timbers of great size, and 
 very heavy. The raising, connnenced on the 
 twelfth day of June, occupied a large number of 
 
OLD K^OETH MEETING-HOUSE. 67 
 
 men for three days. The good women of the 
 parish asserted their micontested rights on the 
 occasion, and afforded snch refreshments as the 
 natnre of the ardnons work reqnired.^ 
 
 This bnikling was one of great simpUcity, and 
 entirely nnornamented. It was sixty feet long, 
 forty-six feet wide, and two stories high. It 
 faced the sonth, on which side was a door open- 
 ing npon an aisle extending through the middle 
 of the house straight to the pulpit. The seats 
 were rude l)enches placed upon each side of it, 
 those upon the west being assigned to the 
 Avomen, and those upon the east to the men. 
 The deacons sat upon a seat in front of the pul- 
 pit and faced the congregation. A marked 
 attention had been shown the minister by build- 
 ing for him a pew — the only one in the house. 
 This simple structure was without gallery, 
 porch, steeple, or chimney. 
 
 As the town had at this date, owing to its con- 
 troversy with Bow, no organized government, 
 it was built by a company of individuals, desig- 
 nated " The Proprietors of the Meeting-House," 
 and not by the town, as was usually the case. 
 Its erection, under these circumstances, is an 
 
 ^ Bouton's History of Concord, p. 230. 
 
68 
 
 OLD IfOPtTH ]VIEETrNrG-HOUSE. 
 
 important fact, showing conclusively the resolute 
 character of its citizens, for at this time all the 
 fair fields which they had wrested from the wil- 
 derness were unjustly claimed by persons, many 
 of them of high political and social influence in 
 the province, who, through the agency of the 
 courts, were seelring to seize them.i 
 
 1 The Bow controversy, which 
 lasted about twelve years, in- 
 volved the title to more than 
 three fourths of the entire ter- 
 ritory of Concord. Its inhabi- 
 tants held this under a grant of 
 the General Court of Massachu- 
 setts Bay, made in January, 
 1725. By the settlement of the 
 boundary line between Massa- 
 chusetts and New Hampshire, 
 in 1740, it became a part of the 
 latter province. 
 
 Some nine years afterwards, 
 by virtue of a grant by the gov- 
 ernment of New Hampshire, 
 made in May, 1727, a company, 
 denominated the Proprietors of 
 Bow, sought by writs of eject- 
 ment to dispossess the owners, 
 after a peaceable possession of 
 more than twenty years. The 
 parcels sued for were purposely 
 so small as to preclude appeals 
 to the higher courts in England, 
 the object being to so harass 
 the occupants as to force them 
 either to an abandonment of 
 
 their lands, or to a second pui'- 
 chase of them from the Bow 
 claimants. 
 
 The occui^ants regarded the 
 whole scheme as a base swindle, 
 and at once determined to resist 
 its consummation. Defeated in 
 every case brought before the 
 provincial courts, then largely 
 controlled by these claimants, 
 they dispatched their minister, 
 the Rev. Timothy Walker, as 
 their agent, to London, to seek 
 redress of their wrongs in the 
 home courts. For this purpose 
 he went to England no less than 
 three times, once in the fall of 
 1753, once in 1755, and once 
 in 1762. On the twenty-ninth 
 day of December of this last 
 year he obtained of the King 
 in Council a decree reversmg 
 the decisions of the provincial 
 courts and establishing the 
 validity of their title, — a decree 
 as just as the claims which ifc 
 annihilated were wicked. 
 
OLD NORTH MEETING-HOUSE. (59 
 
 Indeed, it was only after a long and expensive 
 controversy of thirteen years, that the rightful 
 proprietors finally obtained, in 1762, at the Court 
 of St. James, a decision securing to them the 
 peaceable possession of their homes. A new 
 spirit was infused into their hearts by this re- 
 moval, by royal command, of the clouds which 
 had so long hung over them. This was mani- 
 fested in the increased enterprise everywhere 
 apparent, and improvements, long delayed, were 
 innnediately commenced, now that they felt qui- 
 eted in the possession of their estates.^ It also 
 appeared, some years later, in the general desire 
 to finish the meeting-house, which had hitherto 
 been but partially completed. 
 
 Measures were instituted as early as 1772 for 
 
 1 The diary of the pastor for " May 2. Set out eight ehii 
 
 1764, the year succeeding that trees about my house." 
 of his last return from England, " May 5. Sowed a bushel of 
 
 affords marked evidence of this barley and more than a bushel 
 
 fact. In it he says, — of flax seed and harrowed it in. 
 
 " April 20. Set out 20 apple N. B.— 26th of March set out 63 
 trees in the Island orchard and young apple trees in a row, be- 
 in ye Joel orchard." ginning next ye road ; then set 
 
 " April 23. Bot 40 apple trees out two young plum trees ; then 
 
 of Philip Eastman, brot. ym. 5 of best winter apples ; then 9 
 
 home and set ym. out." of the spice apple, making 79 
 
 " April 24. Set out about 60 in ye whole." 
 young apple trees in ye house 
 lot." 
 
70 OLD l!^OETH MEETDSTG-HOUSE. 
 
 the purchase of the Proprietors' mterest by the 
 town, but the distractions of the Eevokition so 
 absorbed the time and thoughts of the people 
 that nothing conclusive was done/ Seven years 
 afterwards, however (1779) , the town voted " to 
 relinquish the pew ground to any number of 
 persons who would finish the meeting-house and 
 add a porch and the value of another porch." It 
 also voted " to be at the expense of building the 
 steeple, excepting the cost of a porch." Two 
 years later, on the ninth day of July, 1781, a 
 committee was appointed to secure the enlarge- 
 ment of the meeting-house lot by the purchase 
 of additional land upon the south of it. 
 
 The next year (March 5, 1782) another com- 
 mittee was chosen to negotiate with the proprie- 
 tors of the meeting-house for the purchase of 
 their interest therein.^ The parish accepted their 
 
 1 March 3, 1772. " Voted tliat choose a committee to treat 
 
 John Kimball, Henry Martin with the proprietors of the 
 
 and John Blanchard be a com- meeting-house and see upon 
 
 mittee to treat with the proprie- what terms they will relinquish 
 
 tors of the meeting-house, or the same to the parish." 
 
 such a committee as they shall a Voted that Peter Green, 
 
 choose, in order to purchase said Esq., Capt. Benjamin Emery 
 
 house for the use of the par- and Mr. Benjamin Hanniford 
 
 ish.."—Toum Records, vol. 2, i^e a committee for the purpose 
 
 P- 3'±- aforesaid." — Toum Records, vol. 
 
 2 March 5, 1782. "Voted to 2, p. 112. 
 
OLD ISTORTH MEETING-HOUSE. 71 
 
 report, and a month later, April 8, 1782, in 
 accordance with its recommendations, the pur- 
 chase was made.i 
 
 In June of this year the parish decided to 
 finish the house, and Col. Timothy Walker, Jr., 
 Robert Harris, and Lieut. Joseph Hall were 
 constituted a committee for that pui'pose.^ The 
 inside was completed in 1783, and in the course 
 of the next year the outside was finished. 
 
 It had an entrance porch at each end, twelve 
 feet square and two stories high, containing a 
 flight of stairs, in three runs, giving access to 
 the galleries. The east porch was sm-mounted 
 by a belfry and steeple, upon the spire of which 
 stood, one hundred and twenty-three feet from 
 the ground, a gilded weather-cock, of cojoper, 
 four feet high, and weighing fifty-six pounds. It 
 had glass eyes and a proudly expanded tail. It 
 always looked ready for a fight, ecclesiastical or 
 civil. The inhabitants thought much of it, and 
 
 ^ For a copy of the deed, see tee to provide materials and 
 Boiiton's History of Concord, finish said house." 
 p. 285. " Voted that the committee 
 
 consist of tliree." 
 
 2 June 17, 1782. "Voted to "Voted that Col. Timothy 
 
 finish the meeting-house in said Walker, Mr. Robert Harris and 
 
 Concord." Mr. Joseph Hall be a committee 
 
 " Voted to choose a commit- for the purpose aforesaid." — 
 
 Town Records, vol. 2, p. 114. 
 
72 OLD I^ORTH MEETESTG-HOUSE. 
 
 consulted its movements, in divining the weather, 
 with almost as much confidence as do we the 
 daily telegrams from the meteorological office at 
 Washington. 
 
 The posts of this house, which were but par- 
 tially concealed, were of white oak, and revealed 
 plainly the marks of the hewer's broad- axe. 
 They were twenty-eight feet long, twelve inches 
 square at the bottom, and twelve by eighteen 
 inches at the top. Those of the bell tower were 
 of pine, sixty-four feet long and eighteen inches 
 square. Two pitch-pine timbers, each sixty feet 
 long and eighteen inches square, pinned to the 
 cross-beams, confined this tower to the main 
 body of the building. The belfry roof was sup- 
 ported upon graceful arches, and covered with 
 unpainted tin. The bell-deck was surrounded by 
 a handsome railing, and upon the belfry ceiling 
 was painted, in strong colors, the thirty-two 
 points of the compass, of sufficient size to be 
 easily read from the ground. The walls were 
 clapboarded, and surmounted by a handsome 
 cornice. 
 
 To the lower floor there were three entrances, 
 one, already mentioned, upon the south side, and 
 one from each ^^orch. Over the two last were 
 
OLD N^ORTH MEETESTG-HOUSE. 73 
 
 entrances to the gallery. There were two aisles 
 besides that before alluded to. One extended 
 from the east to the west door, and the other 
 from one door to the other, between the wall 
 pews upon the east, south, and west sides of the 
 house and the body pews. 
 
 The pews were square, and inclosed by pan- 
 nelled sides, surmounted by turned balusters 
 supporting a moulded rail. The seats were 
 without cushions, and furnished with hinges, 
 that they might be turned up when the congre- 
 gation stood, as it did, during the long prayer. 
 At the close of this they all went down with one 
 emphatic bang, in response to the minister's 
 "Amen!" 
 
 The pulpit, which was a huge, square struct- 
 ure, and had a semi-circular projection in front, 
 was constructed of panelling, and loomed up 
 like Mount Sinai, in awful majesty, high above 
 the congregation. Behind it was a broad win- 
 dow of three divisions, above which projected 
 forwards a ponderous sounding-board, of elab- 
 orate workmanship, as curious in design as it 
 was innocent of utility. 
 
 The pulpit was reached ])y a flight of stairs 
 upon the west side, ornamented by balusters of 
 
74 
 
 OLD I^OETH MEETrsrG-HOUSE. 
 
 curious patterns, three of which, each differing 
 from the others, stood upon each step and sup- 
 ported the rail. The l^right striped stair carpet, 
 the red silk damask cushion upon which rested 
 
 the big Bible, blazing in scarlet and gold, were 
 conclusive evidence that the worshippers lav- 
 ished upon the sanctuary elegances which they 
 denied themselves. 
 
OLD KOETH MEETING-HOUSE. 75 
 
 At the foot of the pulpit stairs stood a short 
 mahogany pillar, upon which on baptismal occa- 
 sions was placed the silver font. Just beneath 
 and before the pulpit was the old men's pew/ to 
 the front of which was suspended a semi-circular 
 board, which, raised to a horizontal position on 
 sacramental or business occasions, formed a 
 table. A wide gallery, sloping upwards from 
 front to rear, extended the entire length of the 
 east, south, and west sides of the house. 'Next 
 the wall were square pews like those below. In 
 front of these the space was occupied in part by 
 pews and in part by slips, with the exception of 
 a section on the south side, immediately in front 
 of the pulpit, which had been inclosed for the 
 use of the choir. This had a round tal)le in the 
 centre, upon which the members placed their 
 books, pitch-pipe, and instruments of music. At 
 
 1 It is remembered with pleas- thus sat in the " okl men's " 
 ure that in the old meeting- seat, the following are distinctly 
 house the venerable old men remembered: Reuben Abbott, 
 sat on a seat prepared for them senior, Christopher Rowell, 
 at the base of the pulpit, wear- senior, John Shute, Capt. Jo- 
 ing on their bald heads a white seph Farnum, Samuel Good- 
 linen cap in summer, and a red win, Moses Abbott, Reuben 
 woollen or flannel cap in winter. Abbott, 2d, Nathan Abbott, 
 This practice continued as late and Chandler Lovejoy. — Bou- 
 as 18-25 and 1830. ton's Hist. Concord, p. 529. 
 
 AmouQ" the ancient men who 
 
76 OLD I^ORTH MEETESTG-HOUSE. 
 
 a later date rows of seats took the place of this 
 enclosure. A horizontal iron rod was placed 
 above the breastwork in front of these, from 
 which depended curtains of red. These were 
 drawn during the singing, and concealed the 
 faces of the singers from the congregation. At 
 other times they were pushed aside. 
 
 In the east gallery, next to and north of the 
 door, was the negro pew.^ It was plainer than 
 the others, and, at most services, had one or 
 more sable occupants. Still farther north, but 
 at a later date, was another of twice the ordinary 
 size, finely upholstered, furnished with chairs, 
 and carpeted. It belonged to Dr. Peter Renton, 
 a Scotch physician, who came to Concord about 
 1822, and for some twenty years was quite prom- 
 inent as a physician. 
 
 Such was the old ^orth Meeting-House when 
 finished in 1784, with but few, if any, exceptions 
 the best in JSTew Hampshire. 
 
 ^ The number of slaves in Hillsborough. (?) 
 
 New Hampshire in 1790 was, Strafford, 23. 
 
 according to the census of that Rockingham, 98. 
 
 year, one hundred and fifty- It is a remarkable fact, if it 
 
 eight. These were distributed be a fact, that there were none 
 
 in the several counties as fol- in Hillsborough county, which 
 
 lows : contained at that time more 
 
 In Grafton, 21. than one fourth of the entire 
 
 Cheshire, 16. population of the state. 
 
OLD N'OKTH MEETESTG-HOUSE. 
 
 77 
 
 One object the town had in view, in Lavishing 
 so much upon it, was a very praiseworthy desire 
 to accommodate the legislature, which met here 
 for the first time (1782) two years before, and 
 was evincing some disposition to make Concord 
 the capital of the state. 
 
 Such it remained until 1802. It was the only 
 meeting-house, and to it the families of all sec- 
 tions of the town went up to worship, from 
 Bow line to the Mast Yard, from Beech Hill to 
 Soucoolv river .^ 
 
 Many persons, owing to the want of good 
 
 1 The population of Concord 
 in 1800 was 2052. " The inter- 
 mission was short — an hour in 
 winter and an hour and a half 
 in summer. The peojale all 
 stayed, except those in the im- 
 inediate vicinity ; and hence, as 
 everybody attended the same 
 meeting, a fine opportunity was 
 afforded for everybody to be ac- 
 quainted. Old people now say 
 that they used to know every 
 person in town. Thus public 
 worship greatly promoted social 
 miion and good feeling through- 
 out the whole community. 
 ^Vhatever new or interesting 
 event occurred in one neigh- 
 borhood, such as a death, birth, 
 marriage, or any accident, be- 
 
 came a subject of conversation, 
 and thus communication was 
 kept up between the people of 
 remote sections, who saw each 
 other on no other day than the 
 Sabbath." — Boutons History of 
 Concord, p. 549. 
 
 Capt. Joseph Walker, who at 
 a considerably later time com- 
 manded a large company of 
 cavalry, resident in Concord 
 and neighboring towns, was ac- 
 customed to notify meetings of 
 his company by verbal notices 
 to such members as he happened 
 to see at the meeting-house on 
 Sunday. These were sufficient, 
 although many were not pres- 
 ent, and some lived in Canter- 
 bury and Northfield. j. b. w. 
 
78 OLD :n^oiith meeten^g-house. 
 
 roads, or of carriages, went to meeting on horse- 
 back. A man and woman often rode double, the 
 former upon a saddle in front, and the latter 
 upon a pillion behind/ Why this custom was 
 confiiied to married and elderly persons tradition 
 does not say. For the conyenience of persons 
 riding thus there was a mounting-block, near 
 the north-west corner of the meeting-house. 
 This consisted of a circular flat stone, eight feet 
 in diameter, raised about three feet from the 
 ground. A few steps led to the top of it, from 
 w^hich many of the early inhabitants easily 
 mounted their horses at the close of divine ser- 
 vice. This ancient "horse-block," as it was 
 
 1 " ' Going to meeting,' as it coarse shoes, carrying a better 
 was called, on the Sabbath, was pair in hand, with stockings, 
 for seventy-five years and more to change before entering the 
 the universal custom. Elderly meeting-house. The usual cus- 
 people, who owned horses, rode torn of those west of Long Pond 
 double — that is, the wife with was to stop at a large pine tree 
 her husband, seated on a pillion at the bottom of the hill west 
 behind him, with her right of Richard Bradley's, where the 
 arm encircling his breast. The boys and young men jDut on 
 young people of both sexes their shoes, and the young- 
 went on foot from every part of women exchanged their coarse 
 the parish. In summer, young shoes for a better pair, drawing 
 men usually walked barefoot, on at the same time their clean 
 with shoes in hand; and white stockings." — Boiiton'sHis- 
 the young women walked with tory of Concord, p. 528. 
 
OLD NORTH MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
 79 
 
 termed, is still in good preservation, and doing" 
 kindred duty at the present time. ^ 
 
 The expenses ineiuTed in the completion of 
 this meeting-house were met l)y an auction sale 
 of the pews, of which there were forty-seven 
 upon the ground floor and twenty-six in the 
 
 agreed to pay a pound of butter 
 apiece to defray the expense." — 
 Bouton's History of Concord, p. 
 
 ^ " On the west side of the old 
 meeting-house was, and is, a 
 horse-block, famous for its ac- 
 commodations to the women in 
 mounting and dismounting the 
 horses. It consists in a large, 
 round, flat stone, seven and a 
 half feet in diameter, or about 
 twenty-two feet in circumfer- 
 ence, raised about four feet 
 high, with steps. Tradition 
 says it was erected at the in- 
 stance of the good wives who 
 rode on pillions, and that they 
 
 530 
 
 At a meeting of the Society 
 held on the 13th day of April, 
 1869, this horse-block was pre- 
 sented to the writer of this pa- 
 per, as appears by the following- 
 vote in the clerk's records, viz. : 
 " Voted that we present the 
 old Horse-Block to Mr. Jos. B. 
 Walker." 
 
80 
 
 OLD K^OETH MEETESTG-HOUSE. 
 
 gallery. By this sale it became the joint prop- 
 erty of the town and of the pew owners .^ 
 
 1 March 2, 1784 : 
 
 " Voted to choose a committee 
 to vendue the pews and finish 
 the meeting-house." 
 
 " Voted that this committee 
 consist of three." 
 
 "Voted that Capt. Reuben 
 Kimball, Col. Timothy Walker 
 and Lieut. John Bradley be a 
 committee for the purpose 
 aforesaid." 
 
 "Voted to make an addition 
 of two to the committee afore- 
 said." 
 
 "Voted that John Kimball 
 and James Walker be the addi- 
 tional committee." 
 
 " Voted to choose a Treasurer 
 to receive the notes for the 
 pews." 
 
 " Voted that Dr. Peter Green 
 be Treasurer." 
 
 " Voted to choose a committee 
 to settle with Treasurer." 
 
 "Voted that this committee 
 consist of three." 
 
 "Voted that Capt. Benjamin 
 Emery, Peter Green, Esq., and 
 Capt. John Roach be the com- 
 mittee for the purpose afore- 
 said." 
 
 " Voted to reconsider the vote 
 choosing Dr. Peter Green, Treas- 
 urer." 
 
 " Voted that the committee 
 appointed to finish the meeting- 
 house proceed to finish the out- 
 side of the same the ensuing 
 summer." — Town Records, vol. 
 2, pp. 132 and 133. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE OLD :N^0KTH MEETES^G-HOUSE, COI^^TrNTJED. 
 
 Enlargement. Bell. First Bell Binger. Tol- 
 eration Act. Sale of Toimi's interest in the 
 House and Bell. Bemodelling of Pews. Occu- 
 pancy hy the N. H. Constitutional Convention 
 of 1778 and 1791, and hy the General Court 
 in 1782 and subsequently. Introduction of 
 Stoves. Election Sermons. Abandon7nent as 
 a House of Worship, and conversiofi to a 
 Methodist Theological Seminary. Its de- 
 struction hy fire. 
 
 At the opening of the present centniy the 
 population of Concord had so increased as to 
 require the enlargement of the meeting-house. 
 At a meeting holden on the first day of Decem- 
 ber, 1801, the town accepted a plan for that 
 purpose, presented by a connnittee previously 
 
82 
 
 OLD ISTOETH MEETINGr-HOUSE. 
 
 chosen.^ This provided for an addition of two 
 stories to the south side. At the same time 
 Richard Ayer and others were authorized, upon 
 furnishing suitable bonds for the faithful per- 
 formance of the work, to make this addition at 
 their own cost, and take in compensation there- 
 for the new pew ground thus acquired.^ 
 
 This addition, which stood upon two courses 
 of hammered granite ashler, was a semi-polygon, 
 having the same length as the house and a mid- 
 dle width of thirty feet. The ridge lines of its 
 
 1 " Voted to choose a commit- 
 tee of seven persons to propose 
 a plan to the town, viz. : — Jacob 
 Abbott, Richard Ayer, Paul 
 Rolfe, William A. Kent, Benja- 
 min Emery, Stephen Ambrose, 
 Abial Virgin." 
 
 "Voted to accept the report 
 of the above committee, which 
 is as follows, viz. : — ' The com- 
 mittee appointed to report a 
 plan for an addition to the 
 meeting-house, report that a plan 
 exhibited before the town, being 
 a semi-circle projecting thirty 
 feet in front of the house, and di- 
 vided into seven angles, and the 
 gallery upon the plan annexed 
 be accepted, and that the own- 
 ers of pews in the front of the 
 house below have their choice 
 to remaia where they are or go 
 
 back to the wall the same dis- 
 tance from the front door ; and 
 that the present front wall pews 
 be placed on a level with the 
 other body pews, that the own- 
 ers of wall pews in front of the 
 gallery have as good wall pews 
 in front of the addition.' " 
 
 2 " Voted to choose a commit- 
 tee of five to take bonds of Capt. 
 Richard Ayer and others who 
 came forward at this meeting, 
 and offered to make the addi- 
 tion on the plan exhibited by 
 the committee and accepted by 
 the town, viz. : Jacob Abbott, 
 John Blanchard, Benjn. Eme- 
 ry, John Kimball and Enoch 
 Brown, the committee, for the 
 above purpose." — Town Records, 
 vol. 2, p. 266. 
 
OLD XOETH MEETENG-HOUSE. 
 
 83 
 
 roof, starting from a common point, on the ridge 
 of the old structure, half way between its 
 two extremes, terminated at the several angles 
 of the cornice. The style and quality of the 
 work corresponded to that to which it was an 
 addition. Upon completion, March 1, 1803, it 
 was approved ])y the town, and the bond of the 
 undertakers was surrendered.^ 
 
 The cost of this addition was met by the sale 
 of the new pews, for which it aftbrded room. 
 A part of these, unlike the old ones, were long 
 and narrow, and were denominated slips. 
 
 A few years later (1809) the selectmen were 
 directed to remove the two front pews in the 
 old part of the house, and have erected upon 
 their site four slips. These, upon completion, 
 were sold at auction for the sum of three hun- 
 
 1 March 1, 1803. " Voted to 
 accept the report of the com- 
 mittee appointed to inspect the 
 building and finishing the ad- 
 dition to the meeting-house, 
 viz. : ' We aforesaid committee 
 having carefully inspected the 
 materials made use of in the 
 making the addition to and al- 
 terations in the meeting-house 
 in Concord and the workman- 
 ship in erecting and finishing 
 the same, hereby certify that it 
 
 appears to us that the materials 
 made use of for each and every 
 part were suitable, and of good 
 quality, and that the work is 
 done in a handsome, workman- 
 like manner. 
 
 ' Jacob Abbott, 
 Benjamin Emery, 
 Committee. { John Blanchard, 
 John Kimball, 
 Enoch Brown." 
 Concord, June 3, 1803. 
 — Town Records, vol. 2, p. 276. 
 
84 
 
 OLD ^OETH MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
 dred and twenty-two dollars and twenty-five 
 cents, which was set aside as the nucleus of a 
 fund for the purchase of a bell, in accordance 
 with a vote of the town authorizing this work. 
 Nearly ten years before this (March 31, 1800) 
 
 Plan of Gallery, 1803. 
 
 the town had offered, with a prudence worthy of 
 highest admiration, " to accept of a bell if one 
 can be obtained by subscription." This liberal 
 offer had lain neglected for nine entire years 
 until now, when private subscriptions increased 
 
OLD NORTH MEETING-HOUSE. 85 
 
 this nucleus to five hundred dollars, and the 
 long wished for bell was procured. It weighed 
 twelve hundred pounds, and as its clear tones 
 sounded up and down the valley, the delight was 
 universal. 
 
 The next year the town ordered it rung three 
 times every day, except Sundays, viz., at seven 
 in the morning, at noon, and at nine o'clock at 
 night. The times of ringing on Sundays were to 
 be regulated by the selectmen. Four years later 
 it was ordered to be tolled at funerals, when 
 desired. 
 
 Concord's first bell-ringer was Sherburn Wig- 
 gin.^ He was paid a salary of twenty-five dol- 
 lars a year, and gave a satisf\ictory bond for a 
 faithful performance of the duties of his office. 
 The prudence of our fathers is clearly seen in 
 the practice of requiring bonds of their public 
 servants, and of annually " venduing " some of 
 their less valuable offices to the lowest bidder 
 instead of selling them to the highest, as is said 
 
 1 Among Concord's early sex- quently the appointment of sex- 
 tons were Sherburn Wiggin in tons was left to the selectmen. 
 1810, and Benjamin Emery, Among the later incumbents 
 Jr., in 1811 and 1812, to whom of this office were Peter Osgood, 
 the bell ringing was vendued, Thomas B, Sargent, and Joseph 
 as the lowest bidders. Subse- Brown. 
 
86 OLD ISrOETH MEETESTG-HOUSE. 
 
 to have been done elsewhere in later days. This 
 rapid increase of the sexton's salary affords a 
 marked instance of the growing extravagance of 
 the fathers^ and of the rapacionsness of the 
 oflBice-holders among them. The salary of the 
 sexton rose rapidly from twenty-five dollars a 
 year in 1810 to forty dollars in 1818 — an alarm- 
 ing' increase of sixty per cent, in only eight 
 years. 
 
 Excepting some inconsiderable repairs in 
 1817-18, nothing more was done to the meeting- 
 house for about thirty years. An act of the 
 legislature, j)assed in 1819, generally known as 
 the " Toleration Act," gradually put an end to 
 town ministries, and removed the support of 
 clergymen to the religious societies over which 
 they were settled.i 
 
 Two new societies had been already formed in 
 Concord when this became a law, viz., the Epis- 
 
 ^ An act of the legislature or sums of money as they shall 
 " regulating towns and town of- judge necessary for the settle- 
 ficers," passed February 8, 1791, ment, maintenance and support 
 provided " That the inhabitants of the ministry." 
 of each town in this state, qual- A subsequent act, approved 
 ified to vote as aforesaid, at any July 1, 1819, repealed this pro- 
 meeting duly and legally warn- vision of the act of 1791, and 
 ed and holden in such town, left the support of the ministry 
 may, agreeably to the constitu- to be provided for by the relig- 
 tion, grant and vote such sum ious societies of towns. 
 
OLD NORTH MEETI?s"G-HOUSE. 87 
 
 copal in 1817, and the First Baptist in 1818. 
 Five years later, on the 29th July, 1821, the 
 First Congregational Society in Concord was 
 formed, and npon the resignation of its third 
 minister. Dr. McFarland, Jnly 11, 1824, the 
 town ministry in Concord ceased. 
 
 This important change, together with the 
 ors-anization of new societies, made advisable 
 the disposal of the town's interest in the meet- 
 ing-honse, meeting-honse lot, and bell.' A com- 
 mittee, appointed March 11, 1828, for this pnr- 
 pose, accordingly sold the toAvn's interest in 
 these to the First Congregational Society in 
 Concord for eight hundred dollars.' In consid- 
 
 1 March 13, 1826. "Voted, Town's interest in the 
 
 that William A. Kent, Joseph meeting-house, $200.00 
 
 Walker and Abel Hutchins be a Town's interest in the 
 
 committee to take into consid- bell, ^^^-^Q 
 
 eration the subject relative to $800.00 
 selling the interest or right the 
 
 town mav have in the meeting- March 11, 1828. " Voted, that 
 
 house to the First Congrega- Samuel Herbert, Benjamin Par- 
 
 tional Society in Concord, and ker and Isaac Eastman be a 
 
 report the expediency and terms committee to sell and convey to 
 
 at the next town meeting."— the First Congregational Society 
 
 Town Records, Yoh 3, v^^- i" Concord the interests the 
 
 town have in the meeting-house, 
 
 2 This committee reported rec- the land on which it stands, and 
 
 ommending the sale of the the bell, agreeably to the report 
 
 Land on which the of the committee to the town at 
 
 house stands, for $300.00 the last annual meeting, and 
 
88 
 
 OLD I^OKTH MEETZN'G-HOUSE. 
 
 eration of the fact that the bell was to be very 
 largely used for the benefit of all its citizens, 
 the town subsequently remitted three hundred 
 dollars of this amount.^ 
 
 But still again, in 1828, the congregation had 
 outgrown its venerable sanctuary, and the de- 
 mand for more room became imperative. After 
 much discussion, a connnittee was appointed on 
 
 that they be hereby authorized 
 to sell and conyey the same to 
 said society." — Town Records, 
 vol. 3, p. 96. 
 
 July 25, 1828. The town of 
 Concord, by Samuel Herbert, 
 Benjamin Parker and Isaac East- 
 man, a committee duly author- 
 ized, conveyed to the First Con- 
 gregational Society in Concord 
 " all the right, title and interest 
 we have in and unto a certain 
 tract of land situate in said 
 Concord, being the same land 
 on which the meeting-house oc- 
 cupied by said society now 
 stands, described as follows, to 
 wit : Extending from the south 
 side of said house as first built, 
 sis rods south ; from the east 
 end of said house, six rods east ; 
 from the north side of said 
 house, six rods north ; and from 
 the west end of said house to 
 the original reserve for a road 
 by the burying ground, includ- 
 ing the land on which said 
 
 house stands, together with said 
 house and the bell attached to 
 the same, reserving a highway 
 on the south side of said house 
 where it now is not less than 
 four rods wide, and also at the 
 west end of said house, and re- 
 serving the right to have said 
 bell tolled at funerals and rung 
 as usual on week days and on 
 public occasions ; no shed to be 
 erected on said land except on 
 the north side of said house." — 
 Merrimack Records, vol. 15, p. 
 380. 
 
 1 November 14, 1828. "Voted 
 that the selectmen be and are 
 hereby authorized to endorse 
 the sum of three hundred dol- 
 lars on a note the town holds 
 against the First Congregational 
 Society in Concord, being the 
 same which was relinquished 
 for the bell." — Town Records, 
 vol. 3, p. 121. 
 
OLD liTOIlTH MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
 89 
 
 the sixteenth day of April of this year to alter 
 the square pews, on the central portion of the 
 lower floor of the house, into slips/ This change 
 
 1 Number and owners of pews on the lower floor of the First 
 Congregational Society's meeting-house in Concord, in June, 1828, 
 and to whom transferred : 
 
 Society's pew. 
 
 Nos. Names of Owxers ix 1828. To whom Transferred, 
 
 1 Society's free pew. 
 
 2 Jacob A. Potter. 
 
 3 Jonathan Eastman & William West 
 
 4 Mary Ann Stickney. 
 
 5 Abial and Henry Rolfe. 
 
 6 Richard Herbert. 
 
 7 John Eastman. 
 
 8 Ephraim Abbott. 
 
 9 Isaac Virgin. 
 
 10 Hazen Virgin. 
 
 11 Timothy Chandler. 
 
 12 John Odlin. 
 
 13 Charles Walker. 
 
 14 Laban Page. 
 
 15 Thomas D. Potter & Lucy Davis. 
 
 Samuel Fletcher. 
 
 Oliver L. Sanborn. 
 
 Thos. D. Potter & D. L. 
 Morril. 
 
 16 John West & Theodore French. 
 
 17 Rhoda Kimball. 
 
 18 Patty Green. 
 
 19 Moses Bullen. D. N. Hoyt. 
 
 20 E. and C. Emery's heirs. 
 
 21 Nathan Chandler, Jr. 
 
 22 Harriet Breed. James Sanborn. 
 
 23 Abel Baker. 
 
 24 Reuben Goodwin & Samuel Carter. Sewell Hoit. 
 
 25 Nathaniel Eastman & Isaac Emery. 
 
 26 Nathaniel Ambrose & Simeon Virgin. 
 
 27 Henry Chandler & John Corlis. 
 
 28 Henry Martin & Isaac F. Ferrin. Benjamin Parker. 
 
 29 Ephraim Farnum. 
 
90 
 
 OLD IS^OETH MEETESTG-HOUSE. 
 
 increased the mimber of pews from ninety-nine 
 to one hundred and ten, and raised the number 
 
 30 Robert Davis. 
 
 31 Isaac Farnum. 
 
 32 Asa Abbott. 
 
 33 Thomas B. Sargent. 
 
 34 Nathan Ballard, Jr. 
 
 35 Susanna Walker. 
 
 36 Robert Davis. 
 
 37 Abial Walker. 
 
 38 Abial Walker & Nathaniel Abbott. 
 
 39 Benjamin H. Swett. 
 
 40 Society's Pew. 
 
 41 Joseph Farnum. 
 
 42 Ezra Ballard. 
 
 43 Timothy Carter. 
 
 44 Abner Farnum. 
 
 45 Moses Farnum. 
 
 46 Moses Carter. 
 
 47 Samuel B. Davis & A. B. Davis. 
 
 48 James Buswell. 
 
 49 Richard Ayer. 
 
 50 Charles Eastman. 
 
 51 Isaac Dow. 
 
 52 James Eastman. 
 
 53 Daniel Fisk. 
 
 54 Richard Flanders & Sons. 
 
 55 Betsey & Hannah Whitney. 
 
 56 John Dimond. 
 
 57 John George. 
 
 58 Moses Shute. 
 
 59 George Hutchins. 
 
 60 Jonathan Ambrose. 
 
 61 John Lovejoy. 
 
 62 Thomas Potter. 
 
 63 Eliza Abbott. 
 
 64 Isaac Shute. 
 
 Robert Davis. 
 
 Wm. Abbott. 
 
 A. B. Kelley. 
 
 Nathaniel Abbott. 
 Abial Walker. 
 
 Proctor. 
 
 E. S. Towle. 
 
 S. A. Kimball. 
 
 James Straw. 
 
OLD NORTH MEETING-HOUSE. 91 
 
 of sittings to abont twelve hundred and fifty. 
 The east, south, and west wall pews remained 
 
 65 Jonathan AVilkins. Ivory Hall. 
 
 66 Abial Eastman. 
 
 67 John Eastman. 
 
 68 Millen Kimball. 
 
 69 John Putney. State of New Hampshire. 
 
 70 Margaret Dow. Dr. Colby. 
 
 71 Samuel Morril. 
 
 72 Samuel A. Kimball. 
 
 73 Asaph Evans. 
 
 74 Sanuiel Fletcher. 
 
 75 Richard Bradley. 
 
 76 Moses Hall. 
 
 77 Jeremiah Pecker. 
 
 78 Enoch CofBn. 
 
 79 Joseph Low. 
 
 80 Isaac Hill & Wm. Hurd. 
 
 81 Charles Hutchins. 
 
 82 Abel Hutchins. 
 
 83 Joseph Eastman. Jacob Clough. 
 
 84 Josejih Eastman. Simeon Farnum. 
 
 85 Jacob Hoit. 
 
 86 Frye Williams. 
 
 87 Samuel Herbert. 
 
 88 William A. Kent. 
 
 89 William Stickney. 
 
 90 John Glover. 
 
 91 Orlando Brown & Sarah Deai'born. 
 
 92 Richard Ayer. 
 
 93 Nathaniel Abbott. 
 
 94 Elizabeth McFarland. 
 
 95 George Kent. 
 
 96 Stephen Ambrose. 
 
 97 Simeon & Benjamin Kimball. 
 
 98 Jonathan Wilkins. 
 
 99 Parsonage. 
 
92 
 
 OLD N^ORTH MEETESTG-HOUSE. 
 
 as they were. The folio wmg plan shows the 
 arrangement at this time of the aisles and seats 
 upon the first floor : 
 
 Plan op First Floor in 1828. 
 
 It is a notable fact, that very soon after the 
 meeting-house had attained its greatest capacity 
 its congregations began rapidly to diminish. 
 This was due to the formation of other religious 
 societies. The number of regular members, 
 which in 1825 was two hundred and twenty-two, 
 
OLD NORTH MEETrNG-HOUSE. 93 
 
 had fallen in 1833 to one linndred and seventy- 
 three, and the andiences had decreased corre- 
 spondingly. Besides those who had withdrawn 
 to form new organizations of other denomina- 
 tions, there began, in the year last named, a fnr- 
 ther exodus of memljers to form the West Con- 
 cord society. This was followed by another, in 
 1837, to lay the foundations of the South society. 
 These had reduced its membership in 1841 to 
 one hundred and five. The next year the East 
 Concord members left, and formed the Congre- 
 gational society in that village. Thus, quartered 
 and diminished in its membership more than one 
 half, we can readily see that the remnant was 
 insufficient to fill the great structure of which it 
 now found itself the sole possessor. 
 
 Its fifty great windows, each with its forty 
 panes of glass, looked more staring than ever 
 before, and rattled Avhen the wind blew as they 
 had never rattled before. The voice of the min- 
 ister reverberated through the vast area, and his 
 eye sought in vain upon the floor and in the 
 galleries the dense ranks of men, women, and 
 children, numbering some ten or twelve hun- 
 dred, which had been wont to greet him. 
 
 One is not, therefore, surprised to find, as he 
 
94 OLD XOETH MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
 turns over the well kept records of the society, 
 that there came one day (March 17, 1841), be- 
 fore a meetmg of its members, a proposition to 
 leave the old sanctuary and build a new and 
 smaller one. This, after long consultations and 
 various delays, caused in part by differences of 
 |)reference as to location, resulted in the erection 
 of a new and third meeting-house, at the corner 
 of Main and Washington streets.^ 
 
 But before leaving the old house for the new 
 one, the members of the several societies, which 
 from time to time had gone out therefrom, met 
 within its consecrated walls, and, after prayer 
 and song and pleasant reminiscences, bade it 
 farewell forever.^ 
 
 ^ This was destroyed by fire church ; Rev. Daniel J. Noyes 
 
 in 1873, and a fourth was sub- of the South church ; Eev. Tim- 
 
 sequently erected upon the site othy Morgan, preacher at East 
 
 of it. church ; and the pastor of the 
 
 Fii'st church. In the forenoon 
 
 2 "Previous to leaving the old of Friday, the pastor preached 
 
 North meeting-house as a place a discourse on reminiscences of 
 
 of public worship, a union meet- the old meeting-house. In the 
 
 ing of the four Congregational afternoon, about five hundred 
 
 churches in town was held in it. and fifty communicants, belong- 
 
 The meeting was attended two ing to the fom- sister churches, 
 
 successive days, viz., — Thursday sat down to the Lord's Supper. 
 
 27th and Friday 28th of Sep- It was a season of tender and 
 
 tember, in which the several affecting interest. Many wept 
 
 pastors took part, viz., — Rev. at the thought of a separation 
 
 Asa P. Tenney of the West from the place where they and 
 
OLD I^rOETH MEETLN^G-HOUSE. 
 
 95 
 
 This imperfect sketch would be still more so 
 should a passing allusion to some of the assem- 
 blies, other than religious, convened from time 
 to time in this honored house, be neglected. 
 
 As early as 1778 a Convention was here holden 
 to form a plan of government for the state of 
 'New Hampshire. 
 
 The first time the legislature ever met in 
 Concord, March 13, 1782, it assembled in this 
 house.^ Owing, however, to the cold, it ad- 
 journed for that session to another building tem- 
 
 their fathers had so long wor- 
 shipped." — Bouto?i's History of 
 Concord, p. 452. 
 
 ^ The General Assembly, in 
 session at Exeter, voted, on the 
 tweKth day of January, 1782, 
 " That when the business of 
 this session is finished, the Gen- 
 eral Court be adjourned to meet 
 at Concord, at such time as shall 
 be agreed upon by the said 
 General Court." — Provincial Pa- 
 pers, vol. 8, p. 930. 
 
 The tradition is, that Col. 
 Timothy Walker, then a mem- 
 ber of the house from Concord, 
 remarked to some of the mem- 
 bers who were complaining of 
 the treatment which they had 
 received at their boarding- 
 
 houses, that if the General As- 
 sembly would hold its next ses- 
 sion at Concord, they should be 
 as well accommodated as at 
 Exeter and for half the money. 
 Thereupon the Assembly ad- 
 journed to Concord. 
 
 Upon his return home the 
 Colonel informed his neighbors 
 of his promise and the conse- 
 quences thereof, and that at its 
 next session all must open their 
 houses for the accommodation 
 of the members of the General 
 Court. This they at once agreed 
 to do, and subsequently did, to 
 general satisfaction. Since then, 
 forty-four sessions of the Gen- 
 eral Court had been held in 
 Concord, up to 1816, when it 
 became the capital of the state. 
 
96 OLD ISrOETH MEETDSTG-HOTJSE. 
 
 porarily prepared for its accommodation.^ From 
 the year 1782, onward to 1790, when the first 
 Concord town-house was bnilt, there were held 
 in it no less than fifteen sessions of the G-eneral 
 Court. 
 
 The adjournment, just alluded to, suggests 
 the fact that for two centuries after coming: to 
 this country our 'New England ancestors had 
 no fires in their sanctuaries. They accepted the 
 weather as God sent it, and were content. If 
 in summer the sun, shining through great un- 
 shaded windows, dazzled their eyes, they con- 
 tracted their eyebrows and bore it, either with 
 winking or without, as individual preferences 
 suggested. If in winter the cold in God's house 
 was intense, they shrugged their shoulders, 
 worked their toes, and, so far as they could, got 
 bodily warmth from the fervor of their devotions. 
 But it must have been very chilly for the un- 
 godly on such occasions. That at the noon 
 intermission such should have sought spiritual 
 invigoration at Hanaford's tavern near by may 
 
 1 The hall fitted up for this Enoch Gerrish. At that time 
 
 occasion was in the second story it stood upon the east side of the 
 
 of the house now standing on street, and a few rods south of 
 
 the west side of Main street, its present location, 
 next north of the house of 
 
OLD KORTH MEETING-HOUSE. 97 
 
 have been inexcusable, but it was not inconsist- 
 ent with the native depravity of that time. 
 
 Means of warming were introduced into the 
 Old :N'orth Meeting-House in 1821.^ A mod- 
 erate sized box stove was placed in the broad 
 aisle. This had a very long fimnel, which was 
 taken through the ceiling to a short chimney 
 in the attic. 
 
 This central warmer proved but partially sat- 
 isfactory, and may have operated like a similar 
 one in the meeting-house of another town, which 
 was said to have driven all the cold air from the 
 middle of the house to the sides, rendering the 
 wall pews more uncomfortable than ever before. 
 
 1 As I can never forget the mornings, the impatience of the 
 faces within, so I never can the congregation, and the rapidity- 
 furious winds which howled of their dispersion, — are they 
 about the ancient pile, the cold not all upon the memory of 
 by which it was penetrated, and those who worshipped in that 
 the stamping of men and women house previous to the year 1821 ? 
 when within the porches, as Then my father suggested that 
 they came from afar, and went in winter there be only one ser- 
 direct from their sleighs to an vice, which led to the pm'chase 
 immense apartment in which of a moderate sized box stove, 
 there was no fire except that and its erection half way up the 
 carried thither in foot-stoves. central aisle. This, strange as 
 The rattling of a multitude of it may seem, was a departure 
 loose windows, my tingling feet, from old custom which encoun- 
 the breath of people seen across tered some opposition. — Biog- 
 the house as the smoke of chim- raphy and Recollections by Asa 
 neys is discerned on frosty McFarland, p. 104. 
 
98 OLD I^OETH MEETING-HOUSE. 
 
 The introduction of a stove into a meeting-house 
 often met great opposition and caused serious 
 commotion. The excitement .caused by the set- 
 ting up of a stove in the meeting-house at Web- 
 ster, .in 1832, was quieted only by a general 
 agreement, embodied in a vote passed at a reg- 
 ular meeting of the society, " to dispense with a 
 fire in the stove the first Sabbath in each month 
 through the cold season." ^ 
 
 Before the introduction of the stove, and even 
 afterwards, many among the more delicate por- 
 tion of the congregation had sought a slight 
 mitigation of the frosts in God's house by the 
 use of foot-stoves. These continued in quite 
 general use so long as worship was continued in 
 this house. The heat of such a warmer came 
 from a pan of coals inclosed in a box of tin. IN^o 
 man who was a boy fifty or sixty years ago will 
 ever forget the Sunday labor imposed upon him 
 in cold weather by the filling and carrying back 
 and forth of one of these. The stern fathers of 
 the previous generation may, very likely, have 
 regarded them as vanities, and this Sunday labor 
 as unnecessary and sinful. To this good Puritan 
 opinion there can be no doubt that the boys who 
 
 1 Coffin's History of Boscawen and Webster, p. 238. 
 
OLD N^OKTH MEETrNG-HOUSE. 99 
 
 • 
 
 had mastered the catechism, and the families in 
 the immediate vicinity of the meeting'-honse lev- 
 ied npon for coals, would have readily assented. 
 
 It was in this Old ]^orth Meeting-House, as 
 before mentioned, that the 'New Hampshire State 
 Convention was holden, on the 21st day of June, 
 1788, which, as the ninth assembled for that 
 purpose, ratified the Federal Constitution and 
 started upon its glorious career the government 
 of the United States. In this house were also 
 held the Conventions of 1781 and 1791 to revise 
 the Constitution of the state. 
 
 Fourteen times, from 1784 to 1806, did the leg- 
 islature march in formal procession to this house 
 to hear the annual Election Sermon, which pre- 
 ceded its organization, and every year after- 
 wards until 1831, when the sermon was discon- 
 tinued. Thirty-nine of all the Election Sermons 
 preached before the legislature of ^N^ew Hamp- 
 shire were delivered from its pulpit.^ 
 
 From 1765 to 1790, a period of twenty-five 
 years, all annual and special town-meetings were 
 held in it. Here the legal voters of Concord, 
 
 1 The Election Sermon was Dr. Nathaniel Bouton, in 1828, 
 
 preached by Rev. Israel Evans, who were successively pastors 
 
 in 1791 ; by Rev. Dr. Asa Mc- of the people worshipping in 
 
 Farland, in 1808 ; and by Rev. this house. 
 
100 OLD NORTH MEETZN^G-HOUSE. 
 
 many of whom rarely if ever met on other occa- 
 sions, except for divine worship, assembled to ex- 
 change friendly greetings and to discharge their 
 civil duties as American citizens. Here, also, 
 protracted religions meetings were held from 
 time to time, the most memorable of which was 
 that of 1831. Here important addresses were 
 delivered to large assemblies on Fourth of July, 
 and on other occasions of general interest. Here, 
 in 1835, was delivered before the General Court 
 a eulogy on Gen. Lafayette, by Hon. ^N'athaniel 
 G. Upham. Here were held conventions for the 
 promotion of temperance. Here occurred, in 
 1834 and 1835, the memorable trials of Abraham 
 Prescott for the murder of Mrs. Sally Cochran, 
 of Pembroke. Here was had that sharp political 
 encounter between Franklin Pierce and John P. 
 Hale, upon the latter's leaving the Democratic 
 party in 1845. The walls of no other house in 
 ISTew Hampshire resounded to so many lofty 
 flights of eloquence as did those of this meeting- 
 house from 1751 to 1845. 
 
 A few years after its abandomnent this an- 
 cient structure was sought by the trustees of 
 the Methodist General Biblical Institute as the 
 seat of that institution, which it was proposed to 
 
OLD l^ORTH MEETEN^G-HOUSE. ' 101 
 
 remove from N^ewbmy, Vt., to Concord. The 
 First Congregational Society and the pew-holders 
 cheerfully conveyed to them their several inter- 
 ests in the building and lot, and public-spirited 
 citizens of Concord subscribed some three thou- 
 sand dollars for so remodelling the house as to 
 suit the new purpose to which it was to be de- 
 voted. The pulpit, pews, and galleries were 
 removed; a second floor was introduced, and 
 the two stories, thereby secured, were divided 
 into dormitories and lecture-rooms.^ It con- 
 tinued the seat of the Institute until its removal 
 to Boston, when, in accordance with the terms 
 of its conveyance twenty years before, it revert- 
 ed, with the land upon which it stood, to the 
 First Congregational Society of Concord. It 
 was subsequently sold to private parties, and the 
 proceeds of its sale were devoted to the purchase 
 of the First Congregational Society's parsonage. 
 With sad hearts its many friends afterward saw 
 it degraded to a tenement house of a low order. 
 But its desecration was brief. On the night of 
 Monday, November 28, 1870, the purifying angel 
 wrapped her mantle about the old building, and 
 
 ^ A portion of the pulpit is in shire Historical Society, and in 
 possession of the New Hamp- good preservation. 
 
102 OLD NORTH MEETESTG-HOUSE. 
 
 transported it heavenward on wings of flame. 
 I^ot long afterwards the Union School District 
 purchased the site of it, and reared thereon one 
 of the fairest school-honses of which any 'New 
 Hampshire town can boast. It was named 
 from Concord's first minister,i and bears npon 
 its south fagade a tablet with the inscription to 
 be found on page 117 of the Appendix. 
 
 So, after a useful existence of nearly foiu- 
 generations, the Old ]!^orth Meeting-House, 
 resolved into its original elements, yielded its 
 site to another structure of kindred character in 
 the great scheme of American civilization. It 
 was a " meeting-house " in the broadest New 
 England sense of that word, and was directly 
 associated with more important public events 
 than any other in the state. 
 
 But, at the end of a century, the Federal 
 Constitution, whose provisions first became vital 
 within its walls, flourishes in increasing vigor. 
 The narrow belt of stales along the Atlantic, 
 which its adoption compacted into an efS.cient 
 nationality, have nearly trebled in number and 
 
 1 Rev. Timothy Walker, pas- vember 18,1730, to September 
 tor of the First Congregational 1, 1782. 
 Society in Concord from No- 
 
OLD NOKTH MEETING-HOUSE. 103 
 
 stretch westward to the Pacific. The popula- 
 tion which it at first regulated has increased 
 from less than four to more than sixty millions. 
 A manufacturing interest of colossal dimensions 
 has been created, and an agriculture, of limited 
 proportions at its adoption, has attained to such 
 a magnitude that its products, expressed in 
 figures, are but vaguely apprehended. More- 
 over, the anticipation is a reasonable one, that 
 the flag which symbohzes its principles and its 
 power will ere long shelter more millions than 
 have ever before been banded together in one 
 nationality, and wave above the greatest efi'ort 
 for the amelioration of the human race which 
 history has recorded. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
APPEI^DIX. 
 
 Additional Biographical Notices of Members of the Fed- 
 eral Convention. 
 
 Col. PiERSEi Long (page 8) was born in Ports- 
 month, 1739. He received a fair edncation nnder Maj. 
 Samnel Hale, the distingnished teacher in that town. 
 He became a shipping-merchant, and continued in busi- 
 ness until the Revolution. He was one of the party 
 which captured the fort at the mouth of the Piscataqua 
 river, and was subsequently sent as a delegate to the 
 First Provincial Congress at Exeter, 1775. He began 
 his military career as colonel of the 1st New Hamp- 
 shire Regiment, May, 1776. Transferred in July fol- 
 lowing to another command, he continued in the ser- 
 vice until the capture of Gen. Burgoyne and his forces, 
 in the effort to secure which he participated. He soon 
 afterwards returned to Portsmouth, where he was hon- 
 ored and esteemed. He was a delegate to the Conti- 
 nental Congress, 1784-'86, and was subsequently made 
 collector of customs at that port. He died April 3, 
 1789. Mr. Brewster says of him, — "- Col. Long was a 
 handsome, portly man, of unblemished Christian char- 
 
 1 Ml'. Brewster spells the name as written above. 
 
108 APPEN^DIX. 
 
 acter, amiable and courteous, a correct merchant, and a 
 good soldier." 
 
 De. Edmund Chadwick (page 11), the son of Dea- 
 con John Chadwick, of Boxford, Mass., was born March 
 10, 1751. He studied medicine, and at the beginning 
 of the Revolution enlisted as a private in a Massachu- 
 setts company. From this he was soon transferred to 
 the position of surgeon of his regiment. He was pres- 
 ent at the battles of Stillwater, at the surrender of Gen. 
 Burgoyne, and passed the memorable winter of 1777-78 
 at Valley Forge. In 1779, after a service of about tlrree 
 years, he settled as a physician at Deerfield, where he 
 resided during the rest of his life, and died Nov. 8, 1826. 
 
 Dr. Chadwick was a studious and able physician. In 
 1803 he was unanimously elected a Fellow of the N. H. 
 Medical Society. He was repeatedly called upon to 
 represent his town, and the church of which he was a 
 member, on occasions when intelligence, sagacity, and 
 good sense were of great value. He was a member of 
 the N. H. Constitutional Convention in 1782, Deerfield 
 not sending a delegate the year before, and of the Fed- 
 eral Convention in 1788. 
 
 Capt. Benjamin Emery (page 11) was a substan- 
 tial citizen of Concord. He was for many years a mem- 
 ber of its proprietary committee, and active in town and 
 business affairs. From time to time he held responsible 
 offices. He was captain of a company of fifty-one men 
 in the Continental army, December, 1775, and of a 
 larger one in 1776. He possessed a good estate, was 
 conservative in his views, and esteemed by his fellow- 
 citizens. He died Nov. 2. 1819, aged 81. 
 
APPENDIX. 109 
 
 Gen. Jonathan Chase (page 19) was a leading cit- 
 izen of Cornish. In 1771 he petitioned Gov. John 
 Wentworth for the confirmation of the grant of an 
 island in the Connecticut river between Cornish and 
 Windsor. In 1876 he was allowed three barrels of 
 powder, to be used in defence of the frontiers. Having 
 the commission of colonel, he was also muster-master 
 for paying his regiment. In 1781 he petitioned for 
 liberty to raise a company of sixty men, to be employed 
 as scouts, for the defence of the western frontiers. In 
 the disputes with Vermont about the New Hampshire 
 grants, he was appointed by the town of Cornish, March 
 9, 1779, as their agent to attend a convention in Dres- 
 den on the 20th of July ; and at an adjourned meeting, 
 August 30, the same year, the voters present unani- 
 mously rejected the plan of government for the state of 
 New Hampshire, which was sent to them. He attended 
 a convention on the same matter at Walpole, Nov. 15, 
 1780, and another at Charlestown, Feb. 7, 1781.^ 
 
 Francis Worcester, Esq. (page 20), who repre- 
 sented Plymouth, Rumney, and Alexandria as classed 
 towns, was a native of HoUis. In 1776 he was coroner 
 for Grafton county. In 1777 he was chairman of the 
 town committee of safety ; in 1777-'79, representative 
 to the General Assembly, and an efficient member, fill- 
 ing various offices with ability and promptness ; in 
 1780-82, a councillor. He was a member of the Con- 
 stitutional Conventions of 1778 and 1781, and of the 
 Federal Convention of 1788.' 
 
 Col. Elisha Payne (page 20) was one of the most 
 
 1 Prov. and State Papers, vol. x, p. 11. 
 
 2 Prov. and State Papers, vol. x, p. 11. 
 
110 APPE:Nrr)ix. 
 
 enterprising men of his time in New Hampshire. He 
 was born in Connecticut in 1731, and came to this state 
 in 1773 as one of the proprietors and first settlers of 
 Cardigan, now Orange. Soon after 1778 he removed 
 to Lebanon, induced thereto by a grant of land condi- 
 tioned upon his erection of grist- and saw-mills in that 
 town. 
 
 He was a leader of the towns on the east side of 
 Connecticut river in the Vermont Controversy, and a 
 representative in the Assembly of that state in 1778 
 and 1781. He was also lieutenant-governor in 1781-'82, 
 and chief-justice of the supreme court. In December, 
 1781, he was a major-general of the militia, and author- 
 ized " to call them out to repel New Hampshire forces, 
 ' force by force.' " 
 
 He was a warm friend of Dartmouth college ; a trus- 
 tee from 1774 to 1801, and its second treasurer, 1779- 
 '80. In 1779 the college conferred upon him its hon- 
 orary degree of A. M. He represented Lebanon in the 
 New Hampshire legislature in 1781, '85, '90, '93, '96, '97, 
 and 1800. He died at Lebanon, July 10, 1807, aged 76. 
 
 Capt. John Weeks (page 21), the son of Dr. John 
 Weeks, was born in Hampton, February 17, 1749. 
 While a young man he made repeated hunting excur- 
 sions to the wilds of the Kennebec river and of the 
 Upper Coos. These gave him a knowledge of those 
 sections of country, of which he availed himself at a 
 later date. Upon the outbreak of the Revolution, he 
 took an active part in the struggle, and held a captain's 
 commission. Soon after the declaration of peace, in 
 1786, he went to Lancaster, and there purchased land 
 upon which he settled the following year. 
 
APPENDIX. Ill 
 
 The farm of Capt. Weeks has remained in his family, 
 except for a brief period, about a century. Upon it 
 he kept open house for many years. He was of a 
 genial disposition, possessed a broad common-sense, 
 and was highly esteemed. He was active in town 
 affairs, and from time to time held important public 
 offices. He was a delegate to the Federal Convention 
 in 1788, a representative to the General Court in 1792, 
 and repeatedly filled other important public positions. 
 He died in September, 1818. 
 
112 APPEIsTDIX. 
 
 Alleged abstract of a Speech in the Federal Convention hy 
 Hon. Joshua Atherton, as printed in the New Hamp- 
 SHiEE Statesman akd Concokd Register of 
 July 7, 1827. 
 
 IMPORTATION OF SLAVES. 
 
 It is greatly to be deplored tliat no records of the 
 debates of tlie Convention of N. H., which, adopted the 
 Federal Constitution of the United States, have been 
 preserved. They would be of inestimable importance 
 to the present and future inquirers into the origin and 
 establishment of our political institutions. We do not 
 recollect that a single speech on the adoption of any 
 one section of the Constitution was ever published. By 
 accident we lately found the following abstract of one 
 made by the Honorable Joshua Atheeton, delegate 
 from Amherst, on that section relating to the Importa- 
 tion of Slaves, in the following words, viz., " The Migra- 
 tion or Importation of such persons as any of the states 
 now existing shall think proper to admit shall not be 
 prohibited by congress prior to 1808, but a tax or duty 
 may be imposed on such Importation not exceeding ten 
 dollars for each person." 
 
 Mr. Dow, the delegate from Weare, spoke very sensi- 
 bly and feelingly against this paragraph. Several mem- 
 bers on the other side spoke in favor of it, with remarks 
 on what Mr. Dow had said, after which Mr. Atherton 
 of Amherst spoke as follows : 
 
 Mr. President : — ^I cannot be of the opinion of the 
 honorable gentleman who last spoke, that this paragraph 
 
APPENDIX. 113 
 
 is either so unjust [just?] or so inoffensive as they seem 
 to imagine, or that the objections to it are so totally void 
 of foundation. The idea that strikes those who are op- 
 posed to this clause so disagreeably and so forcibly is, — 
 hereby it is conceived (if we ratify the Constitution) 
 that we become consenters to and partakers in the sin 
 and guilt of this abominable traffic, at least for a certain 
 period, without any positive stipvdation that it shall 
 even then be brought to an end. We do not behold in 
 it that valuable acquisition, (?) so much boasted of by 
 the honorable member from Portsmouth, " that an end is 
 then to be put to slavery. '''' Congress may be as much or 
 more puzzled to put a stop to it then than we are now. 
 The clause has not secured its abolition. 
 
 We do not think [we are] under any obligation to per- 
 form works of supererogation in the reformation of man- 
 kind. We do not esteem ourselves under any necessity 
 to go to Spain or Italy to suppress the Inquisition of 
 those countries ; or of making a journey to the Carolinas 
 to abolish the detestable custom of enslaving the Afri- 
 cans ; — but, sir, we will not lend the aid of our ratifica- 
 tion to this cruel and inhuman merchandise, not even for 
 a day. There is a great distinction in [between ?] not 
 taking a part in the most barbarous violation of the sacred 
 laws of God and humanity, and our becoming guarantees 
 for its exercise for a term of years. Yes, sir, it is our full 
 purpose to wash our hands clear of it, and however 
 unconcerned spectators we may remain of such preda- 
 tory infractions of the laws of our nation, however 
 unfeelingly we may subscribe to the ratification of man- 
 stealing with all its baneful consequences, yet I cannot 
 but believe, in justice to human nature, that if we re- 
 verse the consideration [conditions?] and bring this 
 
114 APPENDIX. 
 
 claimed power somewhat nearer to our own doors, we 
 shall form a more equitable opinion of its claim to this 
 ratification. 
 
 Let us figure to ourselves a company of these man- 
 stealers, well equipped for the enterprise, arriving on 
 our coast. They seize or carry off the whole or a part 
 of the town of Exeter. Parents are taken and children 
 left, or, possibly, they may be so fortunate as to have a 
 whole family taken and carried off together by these 
 relentless robbers : what must be their feelings in the 
 hands of their new and arbitrary masters? Dragged at 
 once from everything they hold dear to them, stripped 
 of every comfort of life like beasts of prey, they are 
 hurried on a loathsome and distressing voyage to the 
 coast of Africa or some other quarter of the globe, 
 where the greatest price may waft them ; and here, if 
 .-anything can be added to their miseries, comes on the 
 heart-breaking scene — a parent is sold to one, a son to 
 ^another, and a daughter to a third. Brother is cleft 
 from brother, sister from sister, and parents from their 
 (darling offspring. Broken with every distress that 
 ihuman nature can feel, and bedewed with tears of 
 anguish, they are dragged into the last stage of depres- 
 sion and slavery, never, never to behold the faces of one 
 another again. The scene is too affecting : I have not 
 fortitude to pursue the subject. 
 
APPENDIX. 115 
 
 Report of a Speech of Gen. John Sullivan in the Federal 
 Coyivention., as quoted from the Freeman's Oracle 
 of March 7, 1788, b^ Hon. Thomas C. Amory in his 
 Life of Gen. Sullivan^ pp. 230, 231. 
 
 Every part of the Constitution exhibits proof of the 
 wisdom of those that framed it, and no one article meets 
 my approbation more than the one under consideration. 
 All acknowledge that causes wherein ambassadors, other 
 public ministers or consuls, wherein citizens of differ- 
 ent states are parties, or foreigners are interested, ought 
 to come under cognizance of the Federal jurisdiction ; 
 and, if this be just and reasonable, it is equally so that 
 causes between different states should be tried by the 
 same tribunal. There are few of us who have not been 
 witness to the bias the most upright judges have upon 
 their minds in deciding causes between their own citi- 
 zens and foreigners or citizens of another state. The 
 limits of the eastern boundary of this state were for- 
 merly disputed by Massachusetts. Towns upon or nigh 
 the line had been granted by both. The Massachusetts 
 grantees commenced actions of trespass against the New 
 Hampshire settlers in the county of York; and the 
 court held, upon consideration, that the lands were 
 within that county. Similar actions were commenced 
 by the New Hampshire settlers within their own prov- 
 ince, and the courts determined the actions were well 
 brought. The controversy was long continued, till at 
 length the parties, observing the inefficiency of the laws 
 of either province to determine a question of this kind, 
 compromised the dispute. 
 
116 APPEl^DIX. 
 
 The mode pointed out by the Constitution remedies 
 these evils. Tribunals, upon the adoption of this gov- 
 ernment, may be instituted where the grants of different 
 states will have no more weight than their intrinsic 
 goodness will warrant ; where it will not be so much 
 considered whether a party belongs to Massachusetts or 
 New Hampshire, as Avhether his cause be just. And all 
 this we may certainly predict without any party being 
 ruined in the prosecution or defence of his rights. Jus- 
 tice will be administered without any extraordinary 
 expense to the subject ; and congress, under such regu- 
 lations as they are empowered by the Constitution to 
 make, provide for the easy and expeditious dispensing 
 of law. It seems singular that gentlemen who consid- 
 ered the British king was as eligible as that of any peo- 
 ple could be, complain of this regulation as a hardship, 
 and destructive of the rights of the people. They 
 quietly suffered an appeal to Great Britain in all causes 
 of consequence. They then boasted of their liberties ; 
 boasted of the liberty of appealing to judges ignorant 
 of our situation, and prejudiced against the name of an 
 American. And will they now object to this provision 
 in the Constitution ? Could they be content under their 
 former bondage, and will they now reject a Constitution 
 because an unprejudiced American court are to be their 
 judges in certain causes, under such limitations and 
 regulations as the representatives shall provide ? 
 
APPENDIX. 117 
 
 Inscription on the School-House noiv occupying the site of 
 the Old North Meeting-House in Coticord. 
 
 ON THIS SPOT, 
 CONSECRATED TO RELIGION AND LEARNING, 
 WAS ERECTED IN 1751 
 THE FIRST FRAMED MEETING HOUSE 
 IN CONCORD, 
 WHICH WAS USED FOR NINETY ONE YEARS 
 AS A PLACE OF WORSHIP BY 
 THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY 
 OF THE TOWN, 
 AND WITHIN WHOSE WALLS ASSEMBLED 
 IN 1788 
 THE NINTH STATE CONVENTION WHICH RATIFIED 
 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 FROM 1847 TO 1867 
 IT WAS OCCUPIED BY 
 THE METHODIST GENERAL BIBLICAL INSTITUTE. 
 BURNED IN 1870, 
 ITS SITE WAS PURCHASED BY 
 THE UNION SCHOOL DISTRICT, 
 WHICH HAS CAUSED TO BE ERECTED 
 THEREON THIS STRUCTURE, 
 A. D. 1873. 
 
118 appe:n^dix. 
 
 Extracts from the Report of the Centennial Celebration of 
 the Ratification of the Federal Constitution by New 
 Hampshire hy the N. H. Historical Society^ on the 
 'list day of June, 1888, published in the CoNCOED 
 Evening Monitoe. 
 
 OWE HUNBREB TEAB8. 
 
 THE CONSTITUTIONAL CENTENNIAL FITTINGLY CELE- 
 
 BEATED. 
 
 This has been a red-letter day m the annals of the 
 New Hampshire Historical Society. The Constitutional 
 Centennial has been most appropriately observed, with 
 oration, poem, banquet, and after-dinner addresses, by 
 men distinguished in public and private life, in politics 
 and in letters. The society's committee, u];)on whom has 
 devolved the work of arranging for the day's exercises, 
 has been a most efficient one. 
 
 OEATION AND POEM. 
 
 At noon members of the society and others assembled 
 in the opera-house to listen to the oration and poem. 
 Gov. Sawyer, Hon J. E. Sargent, president, George L. 
 Balcom of Claremont, vice-president, and Hon. Amos 
 Hadley, recording secretary of the society, and the 
 Orator and Poet of the day, occupied seats upon the 
 stage. Judge Sargent made a brief introductory ad- 
 dress, in which he alluded to the event which was being 
 commemorated. He introduced as orator Hon. James 
 
APPENDIX. 119 
 
 W. Patterson, of Hanover, who delivered the oration. 
 At its close Judge Sargent introduced Allen Eastman 
 Cross, of Manchester, as the Poet of the day. 
 
 THE BANQUET. 
 
 The banquet at Chase's hall was a most elaborate 
 affair. Dooling of Boston was caterer, and gave per- 
 sonal supervision to the work of efficient employes. The 
 hall made an attractive place for such an event, and 
 presented an elegant appearance with its five richly laid 
 tables. The table of honor was placed across the south 
 side of the hall ; and at right angles to it, extending the 
 whole lengtlr of the hall, were four other tables. Plates 
 were laid for 200 people. The dinner was served by 
 courses, in an entirely satisfactory manner. 
 
 At Judge Sargent's right sat Hon. James W. Patter- 
 son, Gov. Sawyer, Hon. Mellen Chamberlain of Boston, 
 Hon. Amos Hadley, Hon. George B. Loring of Salem, 
 Mass., Rev. James DeNormandie of Boston, and Hon. 
 Robert S. Rantoul of Salem, Mass. 
 
 Upon his left were Allen Eastman Cross, President 
 Bartlett, Rev. Edward Everett Hale, D. D., of Boston, 
 Hon. Samuel C. Eastman, Hampton L, Carson of 
 Philadelphia, secretary of the Constitutional Conven- 
 tion Celebration, Hon. Frank B. Sanborn of Concord, 
 Mass., and Rev. Dr. F. D. Ayer. 
 
 Among the other distinguished guests from out of 
 town were Hon. Charles Levi Woodbury of Boston, 
 Capt. Woolmer Williams of the Ancient and Honorable 
 Artillery of London, F. A. Stone of Philadelphia, Capt. 
 A. A. Folsom of Boston, Charles Carleton Coffin of 
 Boston, Hon. E. H. Elwell of Portland, Me., Col. Albert 
 H. Hoyt of Boston, Rev. Henry A. Hazen of Billerica, 
 
120 APPENDIX. 
 
 Mass., Hon. Nathaniel F. Safford of Boston Hon. Daniel 
 Barnard of Franklin, Hon. Ira Colby of Claremont, 
 Hon. John J. Bell of Exeter, William B. Trask of Boston, 
 ex-Gov. Frederick Smyth of Manchester, George L. Bal- 
 com of Claremont, Henry M. Baker, Esq., of Bow, Rev. 
 Harry Brickett, Hon. John W. Noyes of Chester, Hon. 
 David Cross, Herman F. Straw, E. M. Topliff, Rev. C. S. 
 Murkland, Col. J. B. Clarke and Hon. L. B. Clough of 
 Manchester, Prof. Isaac Walker and George B. Little 
 of Pembroke, and Isaac K. Gage of Penacook. A large 
 share of the gentlemen named were accompanied by 
 ladies. The professional and business circles of our 
 own city were finely represented in the gathering. 
 
IIVTDEX. 
 
 Abbot, Asa 90 
 Abbot, Eliza 90 
 Abbot, Ephraim 89 
 Abbot, Jacob 82, 83 
 Abbot, Moses 75 
 Abbot, Nathan 75 
 Abbot, Nathaniel 90, 91 
 Abbot, Reuben 75 
 Abbot, Reuben 2d 75 
 Abbot, William 16, 42, 90 
 Adams, Benjamin 9, 42 
 Adjournment of Convention, 29 
 Allen, Aaron 18 
 Ambrose, Jonathan 90 
 Ambrose, Nathaniel 89 
 Ambrose, Stephen 82, 91 
 Amory, Thomas C. 4, 15 
 Announcement of results, 48, 54 
 Atherton, Charles G. 15 
 Atherton, Charles H. 4, 15, 23 
 Atherton, Joshua 4, 15, 23, 27 
 29, 39, 40-42, 44, 53, 112 
 Anti-Federalists, 22 
 Austin, Nicholas 14, 42 
 Ayer, F. D. 119 
 Ayer, Richard 82, 90, 91 
 
 Badger, Hon. Joseph 13, 39, 42 
 Badger,, Capt. Joseph 13 
 Badger, William 13 
 
 Baker, Abel 89 
 Baker, H. M. 120 
 Balcom, Geo. L. 118, 120 
 Ballard, Ezra 90 
 Ballard, N. Jr. 90 
 Barnard, D. 120 
 Barrett, Charles 15, 23, 27, 40 
 
 42 
 Barstow, George 4 
 Bartlett, Josiah 10, 23, 39, 41 
 
 42, 52 
 Bartlett, Samuel C. 119 
 Bartlett, Thomas 10, 39, 42 
 Bean, Joseph 43 
 Bean, Lieut. 43 
 Bean, Nathaniel 17, 42 
 Bedee, Daniel 14, 42 
 Bell, 84, 85, 88 
 Bell, John J. 120 
 Bellows, Col. Benjamin 18 
 Bellows, Gen. Benjamin 18, 39 
 
 42, 52 
 Bettan, James 12, 42 
 Bixby, Daniel 15, 42 
 Bixby, Thomas 16, 42 
 Blanchard, John 70, 82, 83 
 Blanchard, Joseph 9, 42 
 Bouton, Nathaniel 99 
 Bow Controversy, 67, 68, 69 
 Bradley, Lieut. John 80 
 Bradley, Richard 78, 91 
 Breed, Harriet 89 
 Brewster, C. W. 107 
 
122 
 
 ESTDEX. 
 
 Brickett, Harry 120 
 Brown, Enoch 82, 83 
 Brown, Joseph 85 
 Brown, Orlando 91 
 Bullen, Moses 89 
 Buswell, James 90 
 
 Calfe, John 11, 24, 42, 52 
 Carr, Moses 13, 42 
 Carson, H. L. 119 
 Carter, Moses 90 
 Carter, Samuel 89 
 Carter, Timothy 90 
 Celebration at Portsmouth, 56 
 Celebration at Salem and else- 
 where, 64 
 Celebration Centennial, 118-120 
 Chadwick, Edmmad 11, 42, 108 
 Chadwick, John 107 
 Chamberlain, Mellen 119 
 Chamberlain, Moses 18, 42 
 Chandler, Henry 89 
 Chandler, Nathan 89 
 Chandler, Timothy 89 
 Chase, Jonathan 19, 42, 109 
 Chase, Thomas 11, 42 
 Chesley, Jonathan 14, 42 
 Clarke, J. B. 120 
 Clough, Benjamin 10, 42 
 Clough, Jacob 91 
 Clough, Jeremiah 11, 42 
 Clough, L. B. 120 
 Cochran, John 16, 14 
 Cochran, Sally 100 
 Coffin, C. C. 119 
 Coffin, Enoch 91 
 Colby, Ira 120 
 Concord Evening Monitor, 118 
 
 Collins, John 43 
 
 Connecticut Courant, 32 
 
 Continental Congress, 1 
 
 Convention, Federal 2 
 
 Conventions, Constitutional 
 
 45, 9» 
 Corliss, John 89 
 
 Cragin, John 16, 42 
 
 Cram, Jonathan 43 
 
 Crawford, Thomas 20, 42 
 
 Cross, A. E. 119 
 
 Cross, David 120 
 
 Cummings, Ebenezer 15, 42 
 
 Dakin, Amos 15, 42 
 Daniels, Samuel 11, 43 
 Davis, A. B. 90 
 Davis, Lucy 89 
 Davis, Robert 90 
 Davis, Samuel 90 
 Dearborn, Benjamin 59 
 Dearborn, Sarah 91 
 DeNormandie, James 119 
 Dimond, John 90 
 Dix, Nathan 16 
 Dole, Stephen 15, 42 
 Dow, Evan 16 
 Dow, Isaac 90 
 Dow, Jonathan 16, 42, 112 
 Dow, Margaret 91 
 Dow, Thomas 12, 39, 42 
 
 E 
 
 East Concord Society, 93 
 Eastman, Abial 91 
 Eastman, Charles 90 » 
 Eastman, Edward 43 
 Eastman, Isaac 87, 88 
 
INDEX. 
 
 123 
 
 Eastman, James 90 
 Eastman, John 89, 91 
 Eastman, Jonathan 89 
 Eastman, Joseph 91 
 Eastman, Nathaniel 89 
 Eastman, Philip 69 
 Eastman, Samuel C. 119 
 Election Sermons, 66, 99 
 Elwell, E. H. 119 
 Emery, Benjamin 11, 42, 70, 80 
 82, 83, 85, 108 
 Emery, E. and C. 89 
 Emery, Isaac 89 
 Enlargement of Meeting-House, 
 81, 83 
 Episcopal Society, 87 
 Evans, Asaph 91 
 Evans, Israel 94 
 Evans, Uriel 19 
 
 Fabius, 5 
 
 Farnum, Abner 90 
 Farnum, Ephraim 89 
 Farnum, Joseph 75, 90 
 Farnum, Moses 90 
 Farnum, Simeon 91 
 Farrar, Timothy 27 
 Federal Constitution, 102 
 Federal Convention, 99 
 Federal Courts, 115, 116 
 Federalists, 22, 35 
 Ferrin, Isaac F. 89, 90 
 Fifield, Jonathan 43 
 Fifield, Stephen 11, 42 
 First Baptist Society, 87 
 First Congregational Society, 
 
 87, 101 
 
 First factory in N. H., 15 
 Fisk, Daniel 90 
 Flanders, Richard 90 
 Fletcher, Samuel 89, 91 
 Floor plan of Meeting-House, 92 
 Fogg, Jeremiah 9, 42 
 Folsom, A. A. 119 
 Fort William and Mai-y, 7 
 Foiu'th of July orations, 100 
 Freeman, Jonathan 20, 42 
 Freeman's Oracle, 4, 115 
 French, Theodore 89 
 
 G 
 
 Gage, I. K. 120 
 Gale, John C. 43 
 Gallery, 75 
 Gallery floor plan, 84 
 Gaskill, Jonathan 17, 42 
 General Court, 65 
 George, John 90 
 Gerrish, Enoch 96 
 Gerrish, Joseph 17, 42 
 Gilman, John T. 8, 23, 42, 52 
 Gilman, Nicholas 8 
 Glidden, Charles 11, 42 
 Glover, John 91 
 Going to meeting, 78 
 Goodwin, Reuben 89 
 Goodwin, Samuel 75 
 Goss, Nathan 9, 42 
 Gray, James 11, 42 
 Green, Ezra 12, 42 
 Green, Jacob 16, 42 
 Green, Peter 70, 80 
 Green, Patty 89 
 Griffin, Samuel 19, 42 
 Grout, Daniel 19, 42 
 
124 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 H 
 
 Hadley, Amos 118, 119 
 Hale, Edward E. 119 
 Hale, John P. 100 
 Hale, Samuel 13, 42, 107 
 Hall, Aaron 17, 42 
 Hall, Ivory 91 
 Hall, John 15, 42 
 Hall, Joseph 71 
 Hall, Moses 91 
 Hamilton, Alexander 55 
 Hampton, L. C. 119 
 Hancock, John 54 
 Hanniford, Benjamin 70 
 Harper, William 13, 42 
 Harris, Robert 71 
 Harvey, Solomon 18, 42 
 Hazen, H. A. 119 
 Herbert, Richard 89 
 Herbert, Samuel 87, 88, 91 
 Hill, Col, 57 
 Hill, Isaac 91 
 HUl, Reuben 14 
 Hoit, Jacob 91 
 Hoit, Sewell 89 
 
 Hooper, William M. 14, 23, 29 
 40-42 
 Horse-Block, 78, 79 
 Hoyt, A. H. 119 
 Hoyt, D. N. 89 
 Hunt, William 15, 42 
 Hurd, William 91 
 Hutchins, Abel 87, 91 
 Hutchins, Charles 91 
 Hutchins, George 90 
 Hutchins, Joseph 20, 42 
 
 Independent Chronicle, 63 
 
 Influence of the Massachu- 
 setts Convention, 35 
 Instruction to members, 27, 28 
 Investigation of the Consti- 
 tution, 26 
 
 J 
 
 Jewett, Jedediah 18 
 Johnson, Jesse 20, 42 
 Jones, Benjamin 16 
 Jones, John Paul 12, 42 
 Journal of the jST. H. Federal 
 
 Convention, 3 
 Judkins, Leonard 43 
 
 K 
 
 Kelley, A. B. 90 
 Kent, George 91 
 Kent, William A. 82, 87, 91 
 Kimball, Benjamin 91 
 Kimball, John 70, 80, 82, 83 
 Kimball, Joseph 19, 42 
 Kimball, Millen 91 
 Kimball, Reuben 80 
 Kimball, Rhoda 89 
 Kimball, Samuel A. 90, 91 
 Kimball, Simeon 91 
 Kindrick, Daniel 15, 42 
 King, Rufus 29, 55 
 Knox, Henry 31, 32, 55 
 
 Ladd, Nathaniel 6, 10 
 Lafayette, Gen. 16, 100 
 Langdon, John 7, 8, 23, 26, 29 
 38-42, 51, 52, 54, 57 
 Langdon, John L. 7, 23 
 Langdon, Samuel 9, 26, 42 
 Langdon, Tobias 7, 42 
 Leader of the Federalists, 52 
 
INDEX. 
 
 125 
 
 Leader of the Anti-Federal- 
 ists, 53 
 
 Leave-taking of the old North 
 Meeting-House, 94 
 
 Legislature, first meetitig of 
 at Concord, 77, 95 
 
 Little, G. B. 120 
 
 Li verm ore, John 19 
 
 Livermore, Samuel 7, 19, 23, 25 
 26, 38, 39, 41, 42, 46, 52, 53 
 
 Long, Pierse 8, 42, 107 
 
 Loring, G. B. 119 
 
 Lovejoy, John 90 
 
 Lovejoy, Chandler 75 
 
 Low, Joseph 91 
 
 M 
 
 McFarland, Rev. Asa 87, 99 
 McFarland, Asa 97 
 McFarland, Elizabeth 91 
 McMurphy, Archibald 9, 42 
 Main question put, 42 
 Manning, Thomas 57 
 Martin, Henry 70, 84 
 Massachusetts Centinel, 33 
 Massachusetts newspapers, 5 
 Meeting-House, 1st of Con- 
 cord, 66 
 Meeting-House lot, 70, 80 
 Meeting-House of Exeter, 
 
 1788, 24 
 Meeting-House, Old North 37 
 65-67, 70-73, 75, 101 
 Methodist General Biblical 
 
 Institute, 100 
 Moody, Amos, 12, 42 
 Morgan, Timothy 94 
 Morril, D. L. 89 
 
 Morril, Samuel 91 
 Morss, Joshua 16, 42 
 Murkland, C. S. 120 
 
 N 
 
 Negroes' pew, 76 
 Nesmith, George W. 43 
 N. n. Gazette, 4, 5, 55 
 N. H. Historical Society, 118 
 N. H. Statesman, 5 
 New York Convention, 37 
 Noyes, Daniel J. 94 
 Noyes, J. AV. 120 
 Number of delegates, 6 
 Number of towns and places 
 represented, 6 
 
 Odlin, John 89 
 
 Opposition to the Constitu- 
 tion, 27 
 Osgood, Peter 85 
 
 Page, David 14, 42 
 Page, Laban 89 
 Page, William 15, 42 
 Palmer, Barnabas 13, 42 
 Parker, Abel 18, 23, 29, 39, 40,42 
 Parker, Benjamin 87-89 
 Parker, Samuel 18 
 Patterson, Isaac 20, 42 
 Patterson, J. W. 119 
 Paul III, 2 
 
 Payne, Elisha 20, 42, 109 
 Pecker, Jeremiah 91 
 Pickering, John 8, 26, 40, 42, 52 
 Pierce, Franklin 100 
 
126 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pillions, 78 
 
 Pinneman, Thomas 19, 42 
 
 Plan of Gallery, 84 
 
 Population of Concord in 
 1800, 77 
 
 Population of I^ew Hamp- 
 shire in 1788, 6 
 
 Potter, Jacob A. 89 
 
 Potter, Thomas 90 
 
 Potter, Thomas D. 89 
 
 Prescott, Abraham 100 
 
 Prescutt, Henry 9, 42 
 
 Progress of Ratification illus- 
 trated by coliunns, 34 
 
 Pulpit, 73, 74, 101 
 
 Putney, John 91 
 
 R 
 
 Ranney, Thomas S. 10, 42 
 Rantoul, R. S. 119 
 Ratification by other states, 
 
 34,35 
 Recess of Convention, 28 
 Reed, James 12 
 Rejoicings, 54 
 Remmele, John 19, 42 
 Renton, Peter 76 
 Roach, John 80 
 Robbins, Mary P. 18 
 Rogers, Nathaniel 10, 42 
 Rolfe, Abial 89 
 Rolfe, Henry 89 
 RoLfe, Paul 82 
 Rowell, Christopher 75 
 Rules of the Convention, 24 
 Runnels, Daniel 9, 42 
 
 S 
 
 Safford, N. F. 100 
 
 Sale of town's interest in 
 the Meeting-House, 87 
 
 Sanborn, F. B. 119 
 
 Sanborn, James 89 
 
 Sanborn, O. L. 89 
 
 Sargent, J. E. 118, 119 
 
 Sargent, Thomas B. 85, 90 
 
 Sawyer, Charles H. 118, 119 
 
 Scammel, Col. 16 
 
 Session of the Convention, 
 First 6, 30 
 
 Session of the Convention, 
 Second 37 
 
 Severance, Joseph 43 
 
 Sexton's salary, 85, 86 
 
 Shannon, Nathaniel 14, 42 
 
 Shattuck, Job 18 
 
 Shepherd, Oliver 17, 42 
 
 Shute, Isaac 90 
 
 Shute, John 75 
 
 Shute, Moses 90 
 
 Sias, Benjamin 11, 42 
 
 Simpson, William 20, 42 
 
 Singing-Seats, 75, 76 
 
 Slaves, 76, 112-114 
 
 Sleeper, Nehemiah 11, 42 
 
 Smith, Ebenezer 14, 40-43 ~ 
 
 Smith, Jonathan 19, 40, 43 
 
 Smith, Col. Jonathan 11, 40, 42 
 
 Smith, John 43 
 
 Smith, Robert 43 
 
 Smyth, Frederick 120 
 
 South Congregational Society, 
 
 93 
 
 Stark, John 7 
 
 Steward, Robert 12, 42 
 
 Stickney, Mary Ann 89 
 
 Stickney, William 91 
 
 Stone, Benjamin 12, 42 
 
INDEX. 
 
 127 
 
 stone, F. A. 119 
 Stone, Matthias 19, 23, 29, 42 
 Straw, H. F, 120 
 Straw, James 90 
 Sullivan, James 12 
 Sullivan, John 12, 23, 24, 31, 38 
 39, 42, 51, 52, 55, 115 
 Sunday greetings, 77 
 Swett, Benjamin H. 90 
 
 Tainter, Jedediah 19, 42 
 
 Taylor, Ann 8 
 
 Taylor, John 8 
 
 Taylor, Timothy 15, 42 
 
 Temple, Archelaus 18, 42 
 
 Tenney, A. P. 94 
 
 The grandest period of Amer- 
 ican history, 1 
 
 Thomas Othniel, 18, 42 
 
 Thurston, Benjamin 9, 26, 29 
 
 42 
 
 Toleration Act, 86 
 
 Topliff, E. M. 120 
 
 Toppan, Christopher 9, 42 
 
 Town-meetings, 99 
 
 Towns and places unrepre- 
 sented, 6, 7 
 
 Towle, E. S. 90 
 
 Trask, W. B. 120 
 
 True, Moses 19, 42 
 
 True, Jacob 43 
 U 
 
 Union School District, 102 
 Upham, Nathaniel G. 100 
 
 Venduing the ringing of the 
 bell, 85 
 
 Vote on Katification, Analy- 
 sis of, 44-47 
 Virgin, Abial 82 
 Virgin, Hazen 89 
 Virgin, Isaac 89 
 Vii-gin, Simeon 89 
 Virginia Convention, 37 
 
 W 
 
 Walker, Abial 90 
 
 Walker, Charles 89 
 
 Walker, Isaac 120 
 
 Walker, James 80 
 
 Walker, Joseph 77, 87 
 
 Walker, Joseph B. 79 
 
 W^alker, Susannah 90 
 
 Walker, Col. Timothy 71, 80, 95 
 
 Walker, Rev. Timothy 68, 102 
 
 Walker School-House, 66, 117 
 
 Warming of Meeting-Houses, 
 
 96-98 
 Weare, Meshech 20 
 Weather-cock, 71 
 Webster, Daniel 17 
 Webster, Ebenezer 4, 17, 43, 44 
 Webster, Ezekiel 17 
 Weeks, Ichabod 9, 42 
 Weeks, Capt. John 21, 42, 110* 
 
 111 
 Weeks, Dr. John 110 
 Wentworth, Col. 57 
 West, Benjamin 17, 23, 39, 42 
 West, John 89 
 West, Samuel 17 
 West, Thomas 17 
 West, William 89 
 West Concord Cong'l Society, 93 
 Whitcomb, Elisha 17, 42 
 Whitney, Betsey and Hannah, 90 
 
128 
 
 ESTDEX. 
 
 Wiggin, Jonathan 9, 42 
 Wiggin, Sherborne 85 
 Wilder, Luke 43 
 Wilkins, Jonathan 91 
 Wilkins, Robert B. 16, 42 
 Williams, Frye 91 
 Williams, Woolmer 119 
 
 Winch, Caleb 19, 42 
 
 Woodbury, C. L. 119 
 
 Woodward, Capt. 57 
 
 Worcester, Francis 20, 39, 42 
 
 109 
 Y 
 
 Young, Samuel 21, 42 
 
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 ing so much as in recalling the far distant days of her youth." — Concord Even- 
 ing Gazette. 
 
 " The beauty of the tale is in the touches of Yankee life and lore, joy and 
 sorrow, which crop out at every turn of the page, like dandelions in a summer 
 field." — Christian Jour7iaL 
 
 MAHALY SAWYER; OR, PUTTING YOURSELF IN HER 
 PLACE. By S. E. Douglass. i6mo. Cloth. ^125. 
 
 This is a very curious and a remarkably interesting little book. TJie Chris- 
 tian Register, one of the ablest of critical reviews, says: '' If the number of 
 people vitally interested in the motif ot this bright story should all be the num- 
 ber of its readers, it would have a circulation equal to ' Uncle Tom's Cabin.' 
 . . . It is a realistic tale,~which, in its way, puts Mr. Howells to shame." 
 
 f r r 1 Publishers, r-> ^-^ ^ t-^^ 
 
 CUppleS and HUrd, Booksellers, BOSTON. 
 
 Library Agents, 
 
Important New Books. 
 
 BOOKS FOR THE SEEKER AND FOR THE SORROIVFUL. 
 
 LIFE'S PROBLEMS. HERE AND HEREAFTER. An autobio- 
 graphy. By George Truesdelle Flanders. i6mo. Cloth, gilt top. 
 $1.25. Second Edition revised. 
 
 Tliis book, which is not sectarian, has been received with marked favor by 
 critics and by readers, both in this country and in England. This is not sur- 
 prising, for it treats the most difficult problems of life, here and hereafter, in a 
 hold and fearless manner, and at the same time in a candid and tender spirit, 
 and has supplanted unbelief, doubt, and perplexity, with faith, trust, and hope. 
 
 '^ H is a real spiritual biography — an inner lije hotust/y revealed. . . Suck 
 a cheer/ill spirit animates the booh, a spirit so full of spiritual buoyancy, in tuir- 
 fnony with the gospel of lozie, seeking the good and tlie beautiful — this in itself 
 co}nmu7ii£ates hope, courage, and faith.'''' — Bostott Tost. 
 
 WHENCE? WHAT? WHERE? A VIEW OF THE ORIGIN, 
 
 NATURE, AND DESTINY OF MAN. By James R. Nichoi^. 
 With portrait of the author. i2mo. Cloth, gilt top. $1.25. Eleventh 
 edition, revised. 
 
 "I consider ike late fames R. Nichols, the well-knoivn chemist, one of the 
 coolest and tnost scientific investigators in the field of psychical phenotnena, and, 
 at tlte same ti7ne, OJie of tlie most hottest. If the -world had more earnest think- 
 ers of the same kind to co-operate "with him, the world would find out sotne- 
 thing of value. — foseph Cook. 
 
 ' ' No one can take up the book witlwut feeling the inclination to read further, 
 and to ponder on the all-importatit stdrjects which it presents. Though it is not 
 a religious book ifi the accepted sense of the word, it is a book ivhich calls for the 
 exercise of the religious nature, and •which in diffusittg }nany sensible ideas 
 wdl be good." — Philadelphia Press. 
 
 THE MYSTERY OF PAIN : A BOOK ADDRESSED TO THE 
 
 SORROWED L. By James Hinton, M. D. With an introduction by 
 James R. Nichols, author of "Whence? What? Where?" i6mo. 
 Cloth, gilt top. ;f i.oo. 
 
 This book was published in England twenty years ago, and a small edition 
 was sent to this country, which readily found purchasers. The book, at the 
 time it appeared in England, had a limited sale ; but since the author's death a 
 new interest has arisen, and the work has been widely circulated and read. — A 
 book which has comforted many a troubled soul, and awakened the emotion of 
 love in distressed and doubting hearts. — Many good and uplifting thoughts in 
 the book, — thoughts which will not readily pass from the memory. The prob- 
 lem of pain is indeed dark and not easily solved; and if one is able to point 
 out rifts in the cloud, the world of sufferers will welcome the light as rays 
 breaking through from the regions of rest and bliss. — From the Inirodjiction. 
 
 " No v/ord of praise can add anything to the value of this little -work, -wkich 
 has now taken its place as one of the classics of religious literature . The ten- 
 der, reverent, and searching spirit of the author has cotne as a great consolation 
 and help to many persons. — Nevu } ^ork Critic. 
 
 - - r , Publishers, 
 CUppleS and Hurd, Booksellers, BOSTON. 
 
 Library Agents, 
 
Important New Books. 
 
 RALPH WALDO EMERSON, Philosopher and Seer. An Estimate 
 
 of liis Character and Genius. By A. Bronson Alcott. 
 
 With fiortraiis and other ilhistratiojis. Foolscai) octavo. Gilt top. ^1.50. 
 
 One hmidred cofiies luill be printed 071 larger and finer f>afier, 8vo, suitable 
 
 for tlie i7isertio7t of extra illiistrations. Bonnd i7i Roxbtirgh, gilt top. Price 
 
 to S7ibscriiers, $3.00. 
 
 A book about Emerson, written by the one man who stood nearest to him of 
 all men. It is an original and vital contribution to Einersotim ; like a portrait 
 of one of the old pasters painted by his own brush. [/« Press^ 
 
 HERMfAN GRIMM'S WORKS. 
 THE LIFE OF RAPHAEL as shown in his principal works. From the 
 German of Herman Grimm, author of "The Life of Michael Angelo," 
 etc. With fro7iiispiece, after Braiat, of iJie rece7itly discovered portrait ,. 
 outlined by Raphael i7i chalk. Cr. 8vo. Cloth. ^2.00. 
 
 ESSAYS ON LITERATURE. From the German of Herman Grimm,. 
 uniform with "The Life of Raphael." New and eidnrged edition, care^- 
 fully corrected. Cr. 8vo. Cloth. $2.00. 
 
 BY f AMES H. STARK. 
 
 ANTIQUE VIEWS OF YE TOWNE OF BOSTON. By Jambs H.. 
 Stark, Assisted by Dr. Samuel A. Green, Ex-Mayor of Boston, Libra- 
 rian of the Massachusetts Historical Society; John Ward Dean, Libra- 
 rian of the New England Historic Genealogical Society ; and Judge 
 Mellen ChA-MBERLAIN, of the Public Librarj'. An exte7isive a7Ld exhaust- 
 ive work in 378 pages. Large quarto, llbistraied luith nearly zoo full 
 size reproductions of all kjiow7i rare 7naps, old pritits, etc. I 710I, 4to. 
 Cloth. $b.oo. 
 
 BERMUDA GUIDE. A description of everything on or about the Ber- 
 muda Islands, concerning which the visitor or resident may desire informa- 
 tion, including its history, inhabitants, climate, agriculture, geology,, 
 government, military and naval establishments. By James H. Stark. 
 With Maps, Engravings and 16 photo-prints. 1 vol. i2mo, cloth, 
 
 157 PP- $2-00. ^^^ 
 
 PAUL REVERE: Historical and Legendary. By Elbridge H. Goss.. 
 With reproductions of many of Revere's engravings, etc. [Itt press.. 
 
 A DIRECTORY OF THE CHARITABLE AND BENEFICENT 
 
 ORGANIZATIONS OF BOSTON, ETC. Prepared for the Asso^ 
 ciated Charities, i vol., ig6 pp. i6mo. Cloth, )S 1.00. 
 
 Publishers, ^^ ^ ^r-x-v ■» i- 
 
 Cutties and Hlird, Booksellers, BOSTON^ 
 
 ^■' Library Agents. 
 
Important New Books. 
 
 Translations of Two Powerful German Novels by Authors 
 New TO American Readers. 
 
 THE LAST VON RECKENBURG. By Louise von Francois. Trans- 
 lated from the third German edition. 370 pages. Cr. 8vo. Cloth, gilt. 
 
 $1.50. 
 
 The popularity of this book among the reading public of Europe, and the 
 interest it has excited in critical circles, led to the present translation into 
 English. Gustave Freytag, one of the greatest of German novelists, says of 
 it : " Clear, terse, with not a word too much, and rich in powerful expres- 
 sions, it depicts everything in short sentences, obedient to every mood, every 
 change of color. Readers will always close this volume with a consciousness 
 that they have received a rare gift." 
 
 MM. Erckmann-Chatrian have depicted the feverish excitement of France 
 during the height of Napoleon's meteor-like blaze : this equally powerful ro- 
 mance shows the reaction in Germany immediately after his downfall, when 
 the pulse of Europe was striving to regain its normal beat. 
 
 THE MONK'S WEDDING. A novel. By C. F. Meyer. Cr. 8vo 
 unique binding, gilt top. $1.25. 
 This is an Italian stor>', written by a German, and translated by an Americari, 
 and purports to be narrated by the poet Dante at the hospitable hearth of his. 
 patron. Can Grande. He evolved it from an inscription on a gravestone^:^ 
 "Hie jacet monachus Astorre cum uxore Antiope. Sepeliebat Azzolinus" 
 (Here sleeps the monk Astorre with his wife Antiope. Ezzelin gave them 
 burial). Those who have any acquaintance with the unscrupulous machina- 
 tions of the Italian, and particularly of the Italian ecclesiastic, will have little 
 difficulty in conjuring up what a grim, lurid tale of secret crime and suffering a 
 " Monk's Wedding " is sure to be. It is of sustained and absorbing interest, full 
 of delicate touches and flashes of passion, a tragedy which ca.inot fail to leave 
 an impression of power upon the mind. 
 
 Works by William H. Rideing. 
 THACKERAY'S LONDON: HIS HAUNTS AND THE 
 
 SCENES OF HIS NOVELS. With two original Portraits (etched 
 and engraved) ; a fac-simile of a page of the original manuscript of "The 
 Newcomes ; " together with several exquisitely engraved woodcuts, i vol, 
 square i2mo. Cloth, gilt top, in box. jSi.oo. Fourth Edition. 
 LITTLE UPSTART, A. A Novel. Third edition. i6mo. Cloth. J1.25. 
 " As a study of literary and would-be literary life it is positively brilliant- 
 Many well-known figures are drawn with a few sweeping touches. The book> 
 as a storv, is intere>uiig enough for the most experienced taste, and, as a satire, 
 it is manly and healthy." — John Boyle O'Reiliy. 
 
 " Notably free from the least sensationalism or unnaturalness. . . Flashes of 
 sterling wit, with touches of exquisite pathos, and with a quiet mastery of style 
 which I have rarely seen surpassed in American fiction and seldom equalled. 
 The incidental bits of philosophy, observation, and keen worldly knowledge 
 have few parallels in our literature." — Edgar Faivcett. 
 
 Cupples and Hitrd, BooLcUers, BOSTON. 
 
 Library Ag'cuts, 
 
Important New Books. 
 
 THOMAS CARLYLE'S COUNSELS TO A LITERARY ASPI- 
 RANT (a Hitherto Unpublished Letter of 1842), and What Came ol 
 Them. With a brief estimate of the man. By James Hutchinson Stir- 
 UNG, LL. D. i2mo, boards, 50 cents. 
 
 Gives a side of the rugged old Scotchman which will be new to most readers. 
 It shows that he was not always gruff and bearish, and that he could at times 
 think of somebody besides himself. The letter is one luhkk every young man 
 inha lias a leaning ifwards literary work laill read and ponder over. 
 
 SOCIAL LIFE AND LITERATURE FIFTY YEARS AGO. 
 
 i6mo, cloth, white paper labels, gilt top. ^i.oo. 
 By a well-known litterateur. It will take a high place among the literature 
 treating of the period. A quaint and delightful book, exquisitely printed in the 
 Pickering style. 
 
 CIVILIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES. By Matthew 
 Arnold. And Other Essays concerning America, i6mo, unique paper 
 boards. 75 cents. Cloth, uncut, ^1.25. The cloth binding matcfies the 
 uniform edition of his collected works. 
 
 about . 
 *«♦ This colleaion gathers in the great critic's ^iw/ contributions to literature. 
 
 LEGENDS OF THE RHINE. From the German of Prof. Bernard. 
 Translated by Fr. Arnold. Finely Illustrated. Small 4to. Cloth. 
 An admirable collection of the popular historical traditions of the Rhine, told 
 ■with taste and picturesque simplicity. [In press. 
 
 A SELECTION FROM THE POEMS OF PUSHKIN. 
 Translated, with Critical Notes and a Bibliography. By Ivan Panin, 
 author of "Thoughts." Foolscap 8vo. Unique binding. ^2.00. 
 
 The first published translation by the brilliant young Russian, Ivan Panin. 
 -whose lectures in Boston on the literature of Russia, during the autumn of last 
 Jear, attracted crowded houses. 
 
 WIT, WISDOM, AND PATHOS, from the prose of Heinrich Heine, 
 with a few pieces from the " Book of Songs." Selected and translated by 
 J. Snodgrass. SecoTid edition, thoroughly revised. Cr. 8vo, 33S pp. 
 Cloth, ^2.00 
 
 "A treasure of almost priceless thought and criticism." — Contemporary 
 
 Review. 
 
 --,,,, , , , , Pvblishers, 
 
 •Clippies and Hurd, Booksellers BOSTON, 
 
 Lihrary Agents, 
 
Important New Books. 
 
 Works by Sally Pratt McLean. 
 
 CAPE COD FOLKS. A novel. Twenty-third edition. Illustrated, tzmo. 
 
 Cloth. $1.25. 
 
 TOWHEAD: THE STORY OF A GIRL. Fifth thousand, izmo. 
 Cloth, gi.25. 
 
 SOME OTHER FOLKS. A Book in Four Stories, izmo. Cloth. $1.25. 
 
 These books are so well known that further comment seems superfluous. 
 Suffice it to say that the entire press of the country has unanimously spoken of 
 them in terms of high praise, dwelling not only on their delicious humor, their 
 literary workmanship, their genuine pathos, and their real power and eloquence, 
 but what has been described as their deep, true humanness, and the inimitable 
 manner in which the mirror is held up to nature that all may see reflected 
 therein some familiar trait, some description or character which is at once recog- 
 nized. 
 
 MISS McLEAirs NEIV BOOK. 
 
 Since the production of Miss McLean's first effort " Cape Cod Folks," she 
 has steadily advanced in intellectual development ; the same genius is at work 
 in a larger and more artistic manner, until she fias at length produced wfiat 
 must be truly considered as her masterpiece, and which we liave the pleasure to 
 announce for immediate publication. 
 
 LASTCHANCE JUNCTION: HUMAN NATURE IN THE 
 FAR WEST. A novel. By Sally Pratt McLean, i vol. lanio. Cloth- 
 iJi.2S. [In press.] 
 
 The author in this book sees furtlier and clearer than she saw in her earlier 
 works ; she has stepped, as it were, out of the limits of her former thought and 
 action into the centre of the arena of the world's full, rich life; from the indi- 
 vidual characteristic she has passed to the larger weaknesses and virtues of 
 humanity, with their inevitable results of tragedy and nobility. Much as 
 has been said respecting the pathos of her former books, one feels, as the 
 last page of " Lastchance Junction " has been turned, that they were but small 
 as compared with this, so terribly earnest is it, so true in its delineation of life, 
 with all its elements of tragedy and comedy ; and life, moreover, in that region 
 of our country where Nature still reigns supreme, and where humanity, uncon- 
 trolled hy the conventionalities of more civilized communities, stands sharply 
 drawn in the strong shadows of villainy and misery, and in the high lights of 
 uncultured, strong nobility and gentleness. There are no half-tones. 
 
 Terse, incisive descriptions of men and scenery, drawn with so vivid a pen 
 that one can see the characters and their setting, delicious bits of humor, 
 passages full of infinite paihos, make this book absolutely hold the reader from 
 the tide to the last word, and as, when finished, one sighs for the pity of it, the 
 feeling rises that such a work has not been written in vain, and will have its 
 place among those which tend to elevate our race. 
 
 PiibliskcT's 
 {Supples and Hurd, Booksellers, BOSTON. 
 
 Library Agertis, 
 
Important New Books. 
 
 Scottish Humor. 
 
 DAVID KENNEDY, THE SCOTTISH SINGER: Reminiscences, 
 of his Life and Work by Marjory Kennedy. With portrait and illustra- 
 tions. 8vo. Cloth. 479 pp. ^2.00. 
 A highly interesting narrative of this humorous and pathetic singer, who will 
 be remembered the world over, not only by Scotchmen, but by all those who, at 
 any time, have formed a part of his delighted audiences, and who recall the in~- 
 imitable manner in which he rendered all that is best in Scottish poetry and song. 
 Genuine fun and drollery, keen observation of men and manners, notes of travel 
 in many cities, the vicissitudes of an artistic career, are all depicted here with 
 force and style. 
 
 New and Charming Work on Japan. 
 
 NINE YEARS IN NIPON : SKETCHES OF JAPANESE LIFE 
 AND MAN N ERS. By Henry Faulds, L. F. P. S., Surgeon o/Tsvyiin 
 Hospital, Tokio ; Member of the Royal A siatic Society. With lithographed 
 frontispiece, and initial letters and illustrations on wood by Japanese 
 artists, i vol. 304 pp. 8vo. Cloth. With appropriate and original cover 
 designs. $2.00. 
 The best inexpensive book on Japan that has yet appeared ; valuable as the- 
 record of the observations and experiences of one who, by virtue of his profes- 
 sion and his long residence, was admitted into the inner life of that conserva- 
 tive people, the Japanese. Teeming with accurate information and eloquent 
 description, especially of the social life of the people, of which the ordinary 
 traveller sees practically nothing, it is a valuable addition to the literature of 
 geographical, ethnological, and social science. 
 
 THE TERRACE OF MON DESIR. A Novel of Russian Life. By 
 Sophie Radford db Meissner. i2mo. Cloth limp, elegant. $1.25. 3rd 
 edition. 
 
 This novel is -written by iJie A tnerican wife of a Russian diplomat, who, by 
 virtue of her position, is well qualified to describe the scenes and characters 
 •which she has chosen to present ; she writes -with the clear, unbiassed view of 
 her native country, and shows, perhaps for the first time, an unprejudiced pict- 
 ure of Russiaji society. 
 
 Her literary style has been pronotinced easy and flowing, with a certain opu~ 
 lence in its swift panora-ina of bright scenes and high perso7iages, and readers 
 •who recall the charming story of Switzerland 'which appeared in a late miniber 
 of " Scribner" ■will tteed no further reco^nmendation to the pertisal of this 
 •work. 
 
 In these days when so much interest and sympathy is evoked by the narration 
 of the miseries of the moujik this novel comes very it propos, as it presents 
 a picture of the social and domestic life of that other branch of the Russians, the 
 aristocratic, governing class ; who, notwithstanding their adherence to French 
 models, still have that indefinite touch of their Oriental ancestry which gives 
 them tlieir romance and passion, and renders them as emphatically Russian as 
 the most humble peasant. 
 
 CUppleS and Hurd, Booksellers, BOSTON^ 
 
 Library Agents, 
 
important New Books. 
 
 THE FOUR GOSPELS. Translated into Modern English from the Au- 
 thorized and Revised Versions. By Ernest Dilton. Cloth. Jj.oo. 
 A chert/' edition of a 7ieiv trmtslatioii of tli^ Gospels, having a great run oj 
 popitlnrity i)t the religious circles of Great Britain. 
 The author has taken the authorised version as it stands, availing him- 
 self of many corrections su2;s;ested by the revised version, and li.is given the 
 .ap,>arent meaning of the tVxt in the plainest possible language, the whole 
 object being the simpHfication of the narratives of the Evangelists. It is not 
 expected that this rendering will supersede the accepted version. The author 
 e-jidcntiv feels that he is not without hope that it may lead to the serious con- 
 sideration, in ijroper quarters, of the advisability of providing the people 
 with an authorised translation of the Scriptures into the vulgar tongue, 
 not of the sixteenth but of the nineteenth century. 
 
 THESKETCHES OF THE CLANS OF SCOTLAND, with twenty- 
 two full-page colored plates of Tartans. Ry Clansmek J. M. P. - F. W. S. 
 Large Svo. Cloth, $2.00. 
 The object of this treatise is to give a concise account of the origin, seat, and 
 -characteristics of the Scottish clans, together with a representation of the dis- 
 tinguishing tartan worn by each. The. illitsirations are fine specimens of color 
 ivork, all executed in Scotland. 
 
 THE GREEN HAND; or, the Adventures of a Naval Lieutenant. A Sea 
 Story. By George Cupples. With Portrait of the Author and other 
 Illustrations, i vol. i2mo. Cloth. $2.00. 
 A new library edition of this fascinating sea classic. [In press. 
 
 ALL MATTER TENDS TO ROTATION, OR THE ORIGIN 
 OF ENERGY. A New Hypothesis which throws Light upon all the 
 Phenomena of Nature. Electricity, Magnetism, Gravitation, Light, 
 Heat, and Chemical Action explained upon Mechanical Principles and 
 traced to a Single Source. By Leonidas Le Cenci Hamilton, M. A. 
 Vol. I. Origin cl Energy t Electrostatics and Magnetism. Containing 100 
 lUustratious, includine Fine Steel Portraits of Faraday and Maxwell, 
 riandsomeiy bound id cloth. Svo, 340 pp. Price, $3.00. Net. 
 Ill ;ms volume the author has utilized the modern conception of lines of 
 force originated by Faraday, and afterwards developed mathematically by 
 Prof. J. Clerk Maxwell, and he has reached an explanation of electrical and 
 magnetic phenomena which has been expected by physicists on both conti- 
 nents. It may have a greater influence upon the scientific world than either 
 Newton's "Principia" or Darwin's " Origin of Species," because it places 
 •natural science upon its only true basis— Pure Mechanics. 
 
 Publishers, n/so T/^ \ T 
 
 Cupples and Hurd. ^""^i^Zry Agents, dOSIUN. 
 
Important New Books. 
 
 PROF. CLARK MURRAY'S WORKS. 
 
 SOLOMON MAIMON: An Autobiography. Translated from the Ger- 
 man, with Additions and Notes, by Prof. J. Clark Murray, i vol. 
 Cr. 8vo. Cloth. 307 pp. $2.00. 
 
 A life •which /onus oiie of the uiost exh'aordiiiary biographies in the history 
 of literature. 
 
 The London Spectator says: "Dr. Clark Murray has had the rare good' 
 ^ fortune of first presenting this singularly vivid book in an English translation 
 as pure and lively as if it were an original, and an original by a classic 
 English writer. 
 
 George Eliot, in "Daniel Deronda," mentions it as "that wonderful bit of 
 autobiography — tlie life of the Polish Jew, Solomon Maimon"; and Milman,, 
 in his " History of the Jews," refers to it as a curious and rare book. 
 
 HANDBOOK OF PSYCHOLOGY. By Prof. J. Clark Murray,. 
 LLD., Professor of Mental and Moral Pliilosophy, M'Gill College, 
 Montreal. Cr. Svo. 2d edition, ejdarged and improved. $1.75. 
 Clearly and simply written, wiili illustrations so well chosen that the dullest 
 
 student can scarcely fail to take an interest in the subject. 
 
 ADOPTED FOR USE IN COLLEGES IN SCOTLAND, ENGLAND,. 
 CANADA, AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Prof. Mnrray's good fort7me in bringing to light the '''Maimon Memoirs" 
 together luith the increasing pofiulari/y of his "Handlwok of Psychology" lia% 
 attracted the attention of the intelledual -world, giviiig him a positiow 
 with the leaders of thought of the present age. His ivritings are at once 
 original and suggestive. 
 
 AALESUNC7 TO TETUAN. By Chas. R. Corning. A Volume of 
 Travel. i2mo. 400 pp. Cloth. $2.00. 
 Table of Contents. — Portsmouth — Isle of Wiglit — Channel Islands — 
 Vormandy — Nice — Monte Carlo- — Genoa — Naples and its linvironments — 
 Rome — Verona — Venice — Norway — Sweden — St. Petersburg — Moscow — 
 IVarsaw — Berlin — Up the Rhine — Barcelona — Valencia — Seville — Cadiz 
 
 — Morocco- — Gibraltar — Granada — Madrid and the Royal Wedding — Bull 
 Fights — Escurial — Biarritz — Bordeaux — Paris. 
 
 TAPPY'S CHICKS: or. Links Between Nature and Human Nature. 
 By Mi;s. George CuppLES. Illustrated. i6mo. Cloth, $1.25. 
 
 The tenderness and humor of this volume are simply exquisite. — E. P. 
 Whipple. 
 
 The title is altogether too insignificant for so delightful and valuable a work. 
 
 — Sf>ectator(\^m^6.o\\). 
 
 It is not merely a work of talent, but has repeated strokes of undeniable- 
 genius. — George Macdonald. [In preparation. 
 
 Piiblishers, 
 C-UppleS and Hurd, Booksellers, BOSTON^ 
 
 •* ^ Library Agents, 
 
Important New Books. 
 
 Lives of Five Distinguished Americans. The Only 
 Biographies Extant. 
 
 MATTHZWCALBRAITH PERRY. A typical Amprfcan Naval Officer.. 
 By Wu.i.iAM Elliot Griffis, author of "The Mikado's Em-^ire," and 
 " Corea: the Hermit Nation." Cr. Svo, 459 pages, gilt top, with two por- 
 traits and seven illustraiions. ^2.00. 
 
 "Sure of frivorablerecention. and a permanent place in public and private 
 hbrancs."— iV. V. Evening Post. ^ 
 
 " Of unusual value to every student nf American history."— iV«/. Bafit'si 
 
 One o' the best books ot the year." — PuiLc Onn'on. 
 " His biography will be one of thi naval cla&sics."— Army and Navv 
 Journal. -^ 
 
 i,' ^?^. ^'^^^ '"'5 work ri^ht well."— C/4'^«r<7 Evenutr J onrnal . 
 " Highly ciKCrtaining 2.adins.rixctive."—l/Kiversal^i Quarterly. 
 
 THADDEUS STEVEN3, AMERICAN STATESMAN AND 
 
 FOUXDER CF THZ REPUBLICAN PARTY. A Memoir by 
 
 E. B. Callendar. With portrait. Cr. Svo. Cloth, gilt top. ^1.50. 
 
 A biography of one of thj most interesting characters in the whole ran<re of 
 
 Am-ncan po'itics, whose work must bo und.-rstood thoroughly to giin accurate 
 
 knowledge of the secret fi^rces operating during liis tim.;s, 1792 to 1S69. 
 
 JOHN HOWARD PAYNE. A. Biography cf the author of " Home, 
 Sweet Home," by Chas. H. Brainard. With four portraits from minia- 
 tures and other sources, fac-simlle of manuscript, " Home, Sweet Home " 
 and photographic illustrations of his tomb at Washington, etc., etc. Svo. 
 Cloth elegant, gilt top, in box. $3.00. 
 Apart from the remembrance and regard in which the author of "Home 
 bweet Home is he.dby the world, thi^ biography will possess additional intel 
 rest trom the tact that It IS " ntten under the direct editor/hii of W W Cor 
 coran, the late eminent philanthropist, "ho provided the funds f^r the removal 
 of the poet's body from Africa to Washington. removal 
 
 THE LIFE OF ADMIRAL SIR ISAAC COFFIN, BARONET- 
 HIS ENGLISH AND AMERICAN ANCESTORS. By Thomas 
 C. Amory. With portrait. Large Svo. $1.25. 
 The name of Coffin is so wide'y spread over our continent, so many thous- 
 ands of men and women of other patronymics take pride in their descent from 
 Instram, Us hrst Amencan patriarch, that whit concerns them all anv consid 
 erable branch or distinguished individual of the race, seems rather historv than 
 biography. ■' 
 
 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF COMMODORE CHARLES 
 
 MORRIS. iVith lieliotype portrait after Ary Scluffer. 1 vol. Svo. 
 Ill pages. J 1. 00. 
 A valu.-ible addition to the literature of American historv ; a bioffraphv of 
 one who, in the words of Admiral Karrag ut, was "America's ^andest seaman.'' 
 
 y-.,,, T t 1 ■, Publishers, 
 
 LUppleS and HUrd, Booksellers, BOSTON. 
 
 Library Agents, 
 
Important New Boohs. 
 
 HOW TO WRITE THE HISTORY OF A FAMILY. By w. P. 
 
 W. Phillimore, M. a., B. C. L. i vol. Cr. 8vo. Tastefully printed in 
 antique style, handsotnely bound. ^2.00. 
 
 Unassuming, practical, essentially useful, Mr. Phillimore's book should be in 
 the hands of every one who aspires to search for his ancestors and to learn his 
 family history. — Athe^ueu-in. 
 
 This is the best compendious genealogist's guide that has yet been published, 
 and Mr. PhiUimore deserves the thanks and appreciation of alllovers of family 
 history. — Reliquary. 
 
 Notice. — Large Paper Edition. A few copies, on hand-made paper, wide mar- 
 gins, bound in half morocco, may be obtained, price ^6.50 Tiet. 
 
 THE KINSHIP OF MEN: An Argument from Pedigrees ; or, Genealogy 
 
 Viewed as a Science. By Henry Kendall. Cr. 8vo. Cloth, $2.00. 
 
 The old pedigree-hunting was a sign of pride and pretension ; the modem is 
 simply dictated by the desire to know whatever can be known. The one 
 advanced itself by the methods of immoral advocacy; the other proceeds by 
 those of scientific research. — Spectator (London). 
 
 RECORDS AND RECORD SEARCHING. A Guide to the Genealo- 
 gist and Topographer. By Walter Rye. 8vo, cloth. Price $2.50. 
 This book places in the hands of the Antiquary and Genealogist, and others 
 interested in kindred studies, a comprehensive guide to the enormous mass of 
 material which is available in his researches, showing what it consists of, and 
 where it can be found. 
 
 ANCESTRAL TABLETS. A Collections of Diagrams for Pedigrees, so 
 arranged that Eight Generations of the Ancestors of any Person may be 
 recorded in a connected and simple form. By William H. Whitmore, 
 A.M. SEVENTH EDITION. On heavy parchment paper, large 4to, 
 tastefully and strongly bound, Roxburgh style. Price $2.00. 
 
 " No one with the least bent for genealogical research ever examined this in- 
 geniously compact substitute for the ' family tree ' without longing to own it. 
 It provides for the recording of eight lineal generations, and is a perpetual 
 incentive to the pursuit of one's ancestry." — Nation. 
 
 . THE ELEMENTS OF HERALDRY. A practical manual, showing 
 what heraldry is, where it comes from, and to what extent it is applicable to 
 American usage; to which is added a Glossary in English, French and 
 Latin of the forms employed. Profusely Illustrated. By W. H. 
 Whitmore, author of " Ancestral Tablets," etc. \_In press. 
 
 Cuttles and Hurd, "^ Bookskkrs, BOSTON. 
 
 ^■t Library Agents, 
 


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